Atração e desenvolvimento de Leptoglossus gonagra (Fabr. (Hemiptera: Coreidae em cultivares de abóbora e moranga

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Baldin Edson Luiz Lopes

2002-01-01

Full Text Available As plantas da família Cucurbitaceae são seriamente prejudicadas pelo ataque de insetos, sendo que os danos ocorrem desde a germinação até a colheita e podem ser observados em todas as partes da planta. Dentre os insetos sugadores que atacam a abóbora (Cucurbita moschata e a moranga (C. maxima, as formas jovens e adultas do percevejo Leptoglossus gonagra (Fabr. (Hemiptera: Coreidae merecem destaque por sugarem a seiva das folhas, ramos e frutos novos, nos quais causam necroses, reduzindo a produção. Visando comparar a atratividade de plântulas de cultivares de abóbora e moranga a adultos deste percevejo e os efeitos desses materiais sobre a biologia de ninfas dessa espécie, realizaram-se ensaios sob condições de laboratório. Em teste de atratividade, o cultivar de abóbora BRA015113 destacou-se como o menos atrativo em relação ao cultivar de moranga Exposição, enquanto que o cultivar de abóbora BRA003531 foi o mais atrativo. Todos os cultivares provocaram 100% de mortalidade das ninfas, indicando a presença de componentes antibióticos, adversos ao desenvolvimento de L. gonagra.

Reação de genótipos de abóbora e morangas a Phytophthora capsici

OpenAIRE

Pereira, Ricardo B; Aguiar, Frederick M; Torres, Tiago B; Amaro, Geovani Bernardo; Lucas, Gilvaine C; Pinheiro, Jadir B

2017-01-01

RESUMO Phytophthora capsici causa prejuízos significativos em cultivos de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata) e morangas (Cucurbita maxima), incluindo a podridão de raízes e coroa, o crestamento foliar e a podridão de frutos, o que pode resultar em até 100% de perdas na produção. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a reação de genótipos de abóboras e morangas a P. capsici. Inicialmente um experimento foi realizado para avaliar a agressividade de isolados de P. capsici de diferentes regiões. Posterio...

The Adriatic response to the bora forcing. A numerical study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rachev, N.

2001-01-01

This paper deals with the bora wind effect on the Adriatic Sea circulation as simulated by a 3-D numerical code (the DieCAST model). The main result of this forcing is the formation of intense upwelling along the eastern coast in agreement with previous theoretical studies and observations. Different numerical experiments are discussed for various boundary and initial conditions to evaluate their influence on both circulation and upwelling patterns

Bora and Aurora-A continue to activate Plk1 in mitosis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bruinsma, W.; Macůrek, Libor; Freire, R.; Lindqvist, A.; Medema, R.H.

2014-01-01

Roč. 127, č. 4 (2014), s. 801-811 ISSN 0021-9533 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-18392S Grant - others:Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad(ES) SAF2010-22357; CONSOLIDER-Ingenio(NL) CDS2007-0015 Keywords : Aurora-A * Bora * Mitosis * Plk1 Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 5.432, year: 2014

Temperatura e embalagem para abóbora minimamente processada Temperature and packaging of minimally processed pumpkin (Curcubita moschata

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Veruska Cruzda Silva

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar temperaturas de armazenamento e embalagens para abóbora minimamente processada. Pedaços de abóbora foram cortados em tamanho de 5 x 10 cm, embalados em bandejas de poliestireno recobertas com filme polivinilcloreto e em embalagem de polietileno de alta densidade a vácuo. O produto foi mantido a 5 e 10 °C por um período de 12 dias. A cada três dias avaliou-se o teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez total titulável, pH, vitamina C e coloração. Os resultados mostraram não haver diferenças significativas entre as duas temperaturas de refrigeração utilizadas na conservação da abóbora. Entretanto, a embalagem com filme PVC permitiu maior conservação dos atributos de qualidade da abóbora até o 9º dia, com exceção da cor, que sofreu menores alterações quando usada embalagem a vácuo.The present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different storage temperatures and packing materials for pumpkin fresh cuts. Pumpkin cuts of 5 x 10 cm were packed in polystyrene trays covered with polivynilchloride film or in vacuum high density polyethylene bags. The trays and bags were kept at 5 and 10 °C for 12 days. Soluble solids, total titratable acidity, pH, vitamin C, and color of pumpkin cuts were evaluated every 3 days. The different temperatures did not affect the storage of the pumpkins. However, packaging with PVC film allowed a longer conservation by keeping the pumpkin quality attributes up to the 9th day, except for the color which undergone minor alterations when stored within a vacuum pack.

Revisiting bora fallow agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cotta, Jamie Nicole

2017-01-01

Indigenous fallow agroforestry systems play an important role in Amazonian livelihoods by providing food security, cash income, and overall risk mitigation. However, the substantial contribution of fruits, construction materials, handicraft inputs, and myriad other fallow products are not only...... observations, and free list data. The research represents an important follow-up to Denevan and Padoch’s approximately thirty-year old qualitative description of Bora fallow management in the same area. Results highlight the importance of agroforestry environments (primarily fallows) for providing well over...... %, for a total income share of 34 %. Chambira (Astrocaryum chambira) handicrafts alone contribute 16 % of household cash income (9 % of total income) in surveyed villages. When considering cash and subsistence importance, plant products harvested from agroforestry environments contribute more than double...

Rendimento, qualidade e absorção de nutrientes pelos frutos de abóbora em função de doses de biofertilizante

OpenAIRE

Santos,Malei Rosa dos; Sediyama,Maria Aparecida N; Moreira,Marialva A; Megguer,Clarice Aparecida; Vidigal,Sanzio M

2012-01-01

O conhecimento do estado nutricional da planta e a exportação de nutrientes pela cultura auxiliam na tomada de decisão nos programas de adubação, podendo melhorar a qualidade e a produtividade de frutos de abóbora. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional das plantas, a produtividade, a qualidade e a extração de nutrientes pelos frutos de duas cultivares de abóbora híbrida tipo Tetsukabuto adubada com biofertilizante suíno. O experimento foi realizado no período de m...

Crystal structure of the bora-benzene-2,6-lutidine adduct.

Science.gov (United States)

Kivijärvi, Lauri; Haukka, Matti

2015-12-01

In the title compound, C12H14BN, the complete mol-ecule is generated by a crystallographic twofold axis, with two C atoms, the B atom and the N atom lying on the rotation axis. The dihedral angle between the bora-benzene and pyridine rings is 81.20 (6)°. As well as dative electron donation from the N atom to the B atom [B-N = 1.5659 (18) Å], the methyl substituents on the lutidine ring shield the B atom, which further stabilizes the mol-ecule. In the crystal, weak aromatic π-π stacking between the pyridine rings [centroid-centroid separation = 3.6268 (9) Å] is observed, which generates [001] columns of mol-ecules.

Processamento da polpa de abóbora para fabricação de doce cristalizado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Izabel Olivieira Silva

2014-08-01

Full Text Available 800x600 A abóbora é uma hortaliça da família da Cucurbitaceae, se destaca por ser rica em substâncias como a pró-vitamina A, zinco, fósforo, cálcio e ferro, além de ter grande potencial de expansão no mercado de vegetais. Com o grande aumento no consumo de produtos minimamente processados, a industrialização surge como uma alternativa para reduzir os desperdícios após o corte e descascamento, melhorando a sua conservação. O presente trabalho teve como finalidade avaliar a cristalização da polpa da abóbora de variedades diferentes (moranga e jacarezinho, a caracterização físico-química em diferentes tempos de armazenamento e avaliação sensorial dos doces produzidos. Os doces foram armazenados durante 45 dias em temperatura ambiente a 25 °C e 30 % de UR e em local refrigerado com 10 °C ± 1 °C e 50 % de UR. As avaliações físico-químicas foram realizadas ao 0, 15, 30 e 45 dias de armazenamento para os dois modos de armazenamento. As amostras de abóbora e de doce foram analisadas quanto ao teor de umidade, cinzas, pH, lipídeos, atividade de água, carotenoides, e análise sensorial. Os resultados mostraram que algumas características como umidade, atividade de água, teor de carotenoides e cor diminuíram ao longo do tempo nas duas condições de armazenamento, porém, o doce armazenado em temperatura ambiente a 25 °C e 30 % de UR apresentou perda mais acentuada do que o doce armazenado em local refrigerado com 10 °C ± 1 °C e 50 % de UR. Para a análise sensorial, os produtos das duas variedades tiveram boa aceitação pelo teste de aceitação de sabor, aroma, aparência e impressão global que foi realizado através da escala hedônica. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE

Writing Fragments of Modernity: Visual Technology and Metafiction in Pablo Palacio's "Débora" and "Un hombre muerto a puntapiés"

Science.gov (United States)

Ramos, Juan G.

2016-01-01

This current study explores the relationship between visual technology (cinema and photography) and a metanarrative preoccupation with the craft of literary narration in two texts by Pablo Palacio (Ecuador, 1906-47). In his novella "Débora" (1927), Palacio employs the language of cinema (e.g., the cinematograph, the cinema, references to…

Aceitabilidade de flocos desidratados de abóbora Dehydrated pumpkin flakes acceptability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmem Lygia Burgos Ambrósio

2006-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aceitabilidade de flocos desidratados de abóbora, uma vez que tal produto pode constituir uma alternativa no combate à hipovitaminose A. MÉTODOS: Os flocos foram avaliados quanto às características microbiológicas, por meio das análises de coliformes a 45ºC, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonela sp, contagem de bolores e leveduras, e características físico-químicas, por meio da análise de umidade, proteínas, lipídios, cinzas, fibra alimentar, carboidratos, carotenóides, estabilidade ao longo do tempo de armazenamento e aceitabilidade dos flocos adicionados ao feijão e ao pirão de 188 adultos e 67 crianças, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Os flocos estavam adequados quanto às características microbiológicas e físico-químicas e os percentuais de aceitação de 95,21% para os adultos e 95,52% para as crianças. CONCLUSÃO: Os flocos desidratados de abóbora podem ser utilizados em larga escala para o estudo do efeito deste produto no combate à hipovitaminose A.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of flakes since this product can be an alternative in the fight against hypovitaminosis A. METHODS: The flakes were evaluated through analyses of coliforms at 45ºC, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonela sp; counting of yeasts and molds; analysis of moisture, proteins, lipids, ash, dietary fibers, carbohydrates and carotenoids; storage stability; and acceptability of flakes added to beans and "pirão" (a widely consumed Brazilian dish consisting of meat and vegetable broth and cassava flour by 188 adults and 67 children. RESULTS: The microbiological and physical-chemical characteristics of the flakes were adequate and the acceptability percentages were 95.21% for adults and 95.52% for children. CONCLUSION: Dehydrated pumpkin flakes can be used in large scale to determine its effectiveness in the fight against hypovitaminosis A.

Biscoitos tipo “cookie” elaborados com diferentes frações de semente de abóbora (Curcubita máxima
Cookie elaborated with different fractions of pumpkin seed (Curcubita maxima

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. A. MOURA

2011-04-01

Full Text Available

Cascas, folhas, sementes e talos de vegetais, geralmente descartados pelos consumidores, são ricos em fi bra e podem ser utilizados como ingrediente para pães, bolos e biscoitos, concedendo melhor valor nutricional aos alimentos. A semente de abóbora é rica em fi bras, além de fornecer também proteínas, lipídios e minerais à dieta. Biscoitos tipo “cookie” foram elaborados com substituição de 30% da farinha de trigo por diferentes frações de semente de abóbora (semente de abóbora integral, semente de abóbora da fração peneirada e da fração retida na peneira, e avaliados quanto à sua composição química, coloração, parâmetros físicos e aceitação sensorial. Os biscoitos elaborados com semente de abóbora apresentaram maior teor de fi bras, proteínas, lipídios e cinzas em comparação ao biscoito elaborado com farinha de trigo e, além disso, coloração mais escura e boa aceitação sensorial.

Controle alternativo de helmintos de Astyanax cf. zonatus utilizando fitoterapia com sementes de abóbora (Cucurbita maxima e mamão (Carica papaya

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Y. Fujimoto

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de sementes de abóbora e mamão desidratadas e moídas, no controle de helmintos parasitos de Astyanax cf. zonatus. Sessenta peixes foram distribuídos em doze recipientes, um peixe/litro. O experimento constituiu de quatro tratamentos e três repetições: TJ = peixes deixados em jejum; TRC = peixes alimentados com ração comercial; TSA = peixes alimentados ad libitum com abóbora, e TSM = peixes alimentados ad libitum com mamão. Após sete dias de alimentação, todos os peixes foram pesados, e o sangue foi retirado para extensão sanguínea. A eficácia foi determinada, verificando a presença de parasitos nas brânquias, no estômago e no intestino. Os peixes do TJ e TSM apresentaram perda de peso (39% e 25%, respectivamente. O TSA apresentou melhor eficácia no controle de nematóides do intestino e do estômago (95,26% e 92,48%. No controle de monogenéticos TSM promoveu 72% de eficácia. Na hematologia observou-se aumento de monócitos nos peixes do TSM e os valores de eosinofilos diminuíram nos tratamentos TSA, TSM e TRC. Assim pode-se concluir que a alimentação com abóbora pode ser utilizado como um controle alternativo eficaz de nematóides intestinais do lambari.

Qualidade de tomate 'Débora' minimamente processado armazenado em dois tipos de embalagens Quality of minimally processed tomato cv. Débora stored in two types of packages

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Carolina A Miguel

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de tomates cv. Débora minimamente processados acondicionados em dois tipos de embalagens. Os frutos foram lavados e sanificados com hipoclorito de sódio (200 mg L-1. A polpa destes frutos foi cortada em cubos (1 cm³ com posterior enxagüe em solução de hipoclorito de sódio (20 mg L-1, acondicionada em sacos de polipropileno (PP ou copos de tereftalato de polietileno (PET e armazenada a 5°C por 8 dias. Durante esse período foram retiradas diariamente amostras para determinação da perda de massa, coloração interna, textura, pH, conteúdos de sólidos solúveis (SS, acidez titulável (AT e ácido ascórbico. Os teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, relação SS/AT e o pH se mostraram significativamente afetados pela embalagem. Os cubos acondicionados em copos PET apresentaram maiores teores de SS e menores teores de AT, o que resultou em uma relação SS/AT maior que os mantidos em sacos PP. O acondicionamento em copos PET mostrou-se o mais indicado para a produção de tomates cortados em cubos.The quality of minimally processed tomatoes cv. Débora conditioned in two types of packages was evaluated. The fruits were washed and sanitized with a 200 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite solution. The pulp was cut in cubes (1 cm³, rinsed with a 20 mg L-1 sodium hypochlorite solution, packed in polypropylene (PP bags or polyethylene terephthalate (PET cups and stored at 5ºC for eight days. During this period samples were daily retired to evaluate the loss of fresh mass, internal color, texture, pH, contents of soluble solids (SS, titratable acidity (TA and ascorbic acid. The soluble solids, titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio and pH were significantly affected by the packing type. The cubes packed in cups showed greater content of SS and lower of TA, resulting in a better ratio when compared to the cubes packed in bags. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET cups were the best package for

O teste de frio sem solo em sementes de abóbora The modified cold germination test in squash seeds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Derblai Casaroli

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o período de exposição à baixa temperatura no teste de frio sem solo, para avaliação de diferentes potenciais fisiológicos em lotes de sementes de abóbora. Foram avaliados seis lotes de sementes de abóbora cultivar "Menina Brasileira" (Cucurbita moschata Duch. produzidas na safra 2003/2004. As sementes foram submetidas a diferentes períodos (três, cinco, sete e nove dias de exposição à baixa temperatura para condução do teste de frio sem solo, a uma temperatura constante de 10°C. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em que os tratamentos constituíram um fatorial 6x4 (seis lotes e quatro períodos de exposição, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey em nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro. Realizou-se também o teste de correlação simples de Pearson .Os resultados permitiram concluir que o período de três dias de exposição à baixa temperatura foi o mais indicado para a condução do teste de frio sem solo em sementes de abóbora.This research was aimed at determining the exposition period at low temperature in the modified cold germination test, to evaluate physiological potential of squash seed lots. Six seed lots of squash, variety Menina Brasileira (Cucurbita moschata Duch., produced in 2003/2004, were submitted at different exposition times for the development of the cold test. The modified cold gernation test was carried out at 10°C of constant temperature, during exposition time of three, five, seven and nine days. A completely randomized desing was used to the cold test, 0 constituting a factorial 6x4, corresponding to the six seed lots and four exposition time (3, 5, 7, and 9 days, with four repetitions. The averages were compared by the Tukey test, at 5% of probability. The correlation test of Person (r was used too. For the modified cold germination test, the period of three days was the most

Reactions of 1,3-dioxacycloalkanes and their 2-arsena, 2-bora, 2-germa, 2-sila, and 2-thia analogs with nitriles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuznetsov, V.V.

2005-01-01

New reactions of five-, six-, and seven-membered 1,3-dioxacycloalkanes and their 2-arsena, 2-bora, 2-germa, 2-sila, and 2-thia analogs with nitriles giving rise to 1,3-oxazacycloalkanes and then to amino alcohols are surveyed. The reactions under consideration, including the reactions of boronic and boric acid esters with nitriles, supplement the known chemical transformations of 1,3-dioxacycloalkanes and their 2-hetero atomic analogs and provide a wide scope for the synthesis of diverse functional derivatives on their basis [ru

Miks õpite eesti koolis ja kui hästi olete seal toime tulnud? / Daniil Savitski, Débora Brotous Alcázar, Maria Fessai, Julianna Vasilišin...[jt.

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

Küsimusele vastavad Tallinna 32. Keskkooli 11. klassi õpilane Daniil Savitski, Tartu Kivilinna Gümnaasiumi 9. klassi õpilane Débora Brotous Alcázar, Tartu Descartes'i Lütseumi 12. klassi õpilane Maria Fessai, Tartu Kivilinna Gümnaasiumi 3. klassi õpilane Maria Dolores Pérez Toribios ja Viljandi Paalalinna Gümnaasiumi 11. klassi õpilane Julianna Vasilišin

Bora Bora, Tahaa, and Raiatea, French Polynesia, Landsat and SIR-C Images Compared to SRTM Shaded

Science.gov (United States)

2005-01-01

Bora Bora, Tahaa, and Raiatea (top to bottom) are Polynesian Islands about 220 kilometers (135 miles) west-northwest of Tahiti in the South Pacific. Each of the islands is surrounded by a coral reef and its associated islets ('motus') that enclose a lagoon. Actually, as seen here, Tahaa and Raiatea are close enough together to share a common lagoon and reef. These islands are volcanic in origin and were built up from the sea floor by lava extrusions millions of years ago. None is now active, and all are deeply eroded. This display compares three differing 'views from space' of these islands. On the left, an image from the Landsat 7 satellite shows the islands as they might have appeared to an astronaut in orbit in 1999 (but a little sharper and with atmospheric haze suppressed). In the middle is an image created from data gathered by the third-generation Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-C), flown in 1994. On the right is a graphic illustrating elevation data gathered by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) in 2000. Each of these images shows very different information as compared to the other two. Landsat sees clouds, which are almost always above these islands, blocking the view of the terrain. It also readily sees through shallow water down to the reefs. SIR-C sees the waves and other effects of winds upon the ocean surface. It does not look through water to see the reefs, but it clearly separates land and water. It also provides a bolder (but distorted) view of the islands' topographic patterns. With the ability of radar to see through clouds and provision of its own illumination, the SIR-C view is not limited by clouds nor their shadows. SRTM was designed to provide new information that is missing in the Landsat and SIR-C views. Specifically, SRTM created the world's first near-global, detailed elevation model. Natural topographic shading in Landsat imagery and radar topographic shadowing of SIR-C give some evidence of the shape of the ground but do not

Initial development of pumpkin and squash cultivars submitted to salt stress=Desenvolvimento inicial de cultivares de abóboras e morangas submetidas ao estresse salino

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco de Assis de Oliveira

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Irrigation with saline water is a challenge both for scientists and farmers. The success of utilizing such water depends on crop tolerance to salinity. A trial was carried out in a greenhouse at UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brazil, aiming at evaluating the effects of irrigation water salinity on initial growth and characteristics related to leaf anatomy in cultivars of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata D. and moranga (Cucurbita maxima D.. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with a 4 x 2 factorial scheme and three replications. Treatments resulted from the combinations of four genotypes (Pumpkin Xingó jacarezinho “casca grossa”, Pumpkin mini Paulista Isabela, Moranga Crioula Pataka and Moranga Coroa with two irrigation water salinity levels (0.5 and 3.5 dS m-1. Plants were collected 40 days after seeding. The following variables were analyzed: main stem length, root collar diameter, leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry mass of, stem dry mass, shoot dry mass, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio. Initial growth and leaf biometry in pumpkin and moranga plants were influenced by irrigation water salinity, which response was cultivar dependent. Genotypes Moranga Crioula pataka and Moranga Coroa showed larger tolerance to irrigation water salinity=O uso de água salina na irrigação é um desafio para os pesquisadores e produtores rurais. O êxito da utilização destas águas é dependente da tolerância das plantas cultivadas à salinidade. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação na UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre o desenvolvimento inicial e as características relacionados à biometria foliar de cultivares de abóboras e morangas. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 4 x 2. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de quatro genótipos (Abóbora Xingó jacarezinho �

Efeito da farinha de semente de abóbora (Cucurbita maxima, L. sobre o metabolismo glicídico e lipídico em ratos The pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima, L. seed flour effect on the rat glucose and lipid metabolism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Priscila Machado de Cerqueira

2008-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da farinha de semente de abóbora (Cucurbita maxima, L. sobre o metabolismo glicídico e lipídico em ratos. MÉTODOS: Vinte ratos Wistar machos recém-desmamados, distribuídos em quatro grupos, receberam por 10 dias, rações controle e experimental com farinhas de semente de abóbora integral, peneirada ou residual substituindo 30% do valor total de amido e dextrina da dieta controle. As dietas foram isocalóricas. Foram determinados os macronutrientes e a fibra insolúvel nas farinhas. As dietas tiveram a composição química calculada a partir dos dados dos rótulos dos produtos, da tabela de composição de alimentos e da análise química das farinhas de semente de abóbora. O peso corporal e a ingestão dos animais foram tomados a cada 48 horas. O sangue, coletado por punção cardíaca, teve os níveis de triacilgliceróis, colesterol e glicose analisados por métodos enzimáticos. RESULTADOS: As farinhas de semente de abóbora foram boas fontes de proteínas, lipídeos e, especialmente, fibras alimentares. Os animais tiveram ganho ponderal e ingestão semelhante (p>0,05. Os níveis de glicose e triacilgliceróis foram reduzidos significantemente para os grupos que receberam dietas com farinhas de semente de abóbora integral e peneirada. CONCLUSÃO: Frente às suas propriedades química e funcional, concluiu-se que a farinha de semente de abóbora interferiu no metabolismo do rato diminuindo significantemente os níveis de glicose e triacilgliceróis séricos.OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present research was to evaluate the pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima, L. seed flour effect on the rat glucose and lipid metabolism. METHODS: Twenty recent weaned male Wistar rats, divided in four groups, received for 10 days control and experimental diets containing whole, sifted and residual pumpkin seed flour on the rate of 30% of the total starch and dextrin in the control diet. All diets were

SABERES TRADICIONALES SOBRE EL USO Y MANEJO DEL P+CAÁJKE EN LA ETNIA BORA COMUNIDAD DE PROVIDENCIA Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA EDUCACIÓN PROPIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Josefina Teteye Eimenekene1

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Investigación realizada en el río Igaraparaná, Amazonia colombiana, con la comunidad indígena bora de Providencia, en los clanes Ts+ts+vemuna, Boaj+, +vamuje. El propósito fue documentar los saberes tradicionales en torno al significado, uso y manejo del p+caájke y realizar una descripción etnobotánica de la planta. La metodología es de corte hermenéutico, con una técnica etnográfica, que implicó fases de descripción, categorización e interpretación. Como resultado se encontró que los saberes, uso y manejo del p+caájke se centran en el concepto de abundancia, constituido por ocho dimensiones relacionadas con la prevención de males, mayor producción de los frutos de la chagra, valores femeninos, trabajo, alimento, espiritualidad, salud, armonía y variedad. Con base en esta caracterización, se realizó una descripción de los procesos educativos propios de la etnia bora y se hizo una propuesta pedagógica, de carácter intercultural, que busca generar un diálogo de saberes, entre los conocimientos ancestrales en torno al p+caájke y sus significados, con el conocimiento escolar, específicamente en el grado tercero de primaria.

Ocorrência de patógenos em cultivos de melancia e abóbora no sertão da Paraíba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. G. F. O. Soares

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Por constituírem uma importante fonte de alimento, plantações de melancia e abóbora são comumente cultivadas no sertão paraibano, porém pouco se sabe sobre a ocorrência de patógenos causadores de doenças, os quais limitam a sua produtividade e renda aos produtores. Visando obter informações sobre a ocorrência dos patógenos virais e fúngicos em cultivos de abóbora e melancia situados em municípios produtores no sertão da Paraíba, amostras coletadas com sintomas de mosaico e deformação foliar, típicos de doenças virais foram analisadas pela técnica sorológica “enzime linked immuno sorbentassay” (Elisa indireto para Papaya ring spot virus, type watermelon (PRSV-W, Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV e Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV. O teste de dupla difusão em Agar foi utilizado para verificar a presença de Squash mosaic virus (SqMV. Em contrapartida, amostras coletadas com sintomas de doenças fúngicas foram analisadas pelo isolamento do patógeno e visualização de suas características morfológicas em microscópio óptico. Em abóbora, houve prevalência dos vírus ZYMV e PRSV-W em infecções simples e mistas, e maior incidência dos fungos Cladosporium spp., e Alternaria spp. Em melancia detectou-se infecção simples e mistas das espécies PRSV-W, WMV e ZYMV, e maior freqüência de Fusarium spp. e Alternaria spp.. Não foram detectados os vírus CMV e SqMV. Os resultados obtidos revelam a ocorrência de vários patógenos fúngicos e viróticos em cultivos de abóbora e melancia situados no sertão da Paraíba e ressaltam a importância da utilização de estratégias de manejo que reduzem os danos ocasionados por esses patógenos.Occurrence of pathogens in watermelon and pumpkin crops in the State of ParaibaAbstract: By constitute an important food source, watermelon and pumpkin plantations are commonly grown on Paraíba backlands, but little is known about the occurrence of disease

Qualidade de produto minimamente processado à base de abóbora, cenoura, chuchu e mandioquinha-salsa Maintenance of the quality of fresh-cut products made up of pumpkin, carrot, chayote, and arracacha (peruvian carrot

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Alvarenga Alves

2010-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de produto minimamente processado, à base de quatro hortaliças - abóbora, cenoura, chuchu e mandioquinha-salsa, armazenado a 5 ºC por 8 dias. Observou-se que os teores de umidade, fibra, proteína, cinza e fração glicídica das quatro hortaliças não foram afetados pelo tempo de armazenamento, entretanto o teor de extrato etéreo aumentou. Durante o armazenamento, o teor de vitamina C e de acidez titulável diminuiu em todas as hortaliças. O teor de β-caroteno do chuchu não alterou, entretanto, aumentou na abóbora, na cenoura e na mandioquinha-salsa. O pH das quatro hortaliças aumentou com o armazenamento. Os teores de sólidos solúveis da cenoura e da mandioquinha-salsa aumentaram, não sendo afetados na abóbora e no chuchu. As notas de aparência do "mix" não foram inferiores a 7 (gostei moderadamente, durante o armazenamento. Os coliformes a 35 ºC presentes no "mix" aumentaram e não foi constatada a presença de coliformes a 45 ºC e Salmonella sp. em nenhum tempo avaliado. Conclui-se que a vida útil, entendida sob os aspectos nutricionais, sensoriais e microbiológicos, pode ser estabelecida em 8 dias sob refrigeração para abóbora, cenoura, chuchu e mandioquinha-salsa submetidos ao processamento mínimo.The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of fresh-cut products made up of four vegetables: pumpkin, carrot, chayote, and arracacha (peruvian carrot stored at 5 ºC for 8 days. It was observed that the contents of humidity, fiber, protein, ash, and glucidic fraction of the four vegetables were not affected by the time of storage; however, the content of ethereal extract increased. During storage, the content of vitamin C and titratable acidity decreased in all the vegetables. The content of β-carotene of chayote did not change, whereas the content in the pumpkin, carrot, and the peruvian carrot increased. The pH of the four vegetables increased during storage

Apex pruning in pumpkin for fruit and seed production=Poda apical para produção de frutos e sementes de abóbora

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Toledo Rodrigues Claudio

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The tip pruning stimulates the emission of lateral shoots, thus can produce higher number of flowers, fruits and seeds. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of apex pruning on fruit and seed production in pumpkin. The treatments consisted of plants without pruning, with pruning in the sixth, eighth and tenth node of main stem. The experimental design was a randomized block, with six replications. It was studied a line of pumpkin of the Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Estadual Paulista/Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. The characteristics evaluated were: number of branches per plant and fruit position in branches of the plant production (number and weight of fruits per plant, fruit yield, fruit average weight, fruit length and diameter, seed weight per fruit, seed yield and quality (germination test, first count, thousand seed weight, emergence, speed of emergence and accelerated aging. There was a significant difference only for number of secondary branches per plant and thousand seed weight, with larger values for plants that have not been pruned. It was obtained high average of germination (94% and good fruit (16.9 t ha-1 and seed (148 kg ha-1 yield. The apex pruning does not influence the production of fruits and seeds, as well as the physiological seed quality in pumpkin =A poda apical estimula a emissão de brotos laterais, com isso pode haver maior formação de flores e frutos e, consequentemente, maior número de sementes. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da poda da haste principal para a produção de frutos e sementes de abóbora. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de plantas sem poda, com poda no sexto, oitavo e décimo nó da haste principal. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições. Foi utilizada a linhagem de abóbora do tipo braquítica do Banco de Germoplasma da Universidade Estadual Paulista/Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas. Foram avaliadas as seguintes caracter

Trace Analysis of Boron in Nuclear Graphite by Means of Gas Chromatography; Analyse de traces de bore dans le graphite nucleaire au moyen de la chromatographie gazeuse; Analiz metodom gazovoj khromatografii sledov bora v yadernom grafite; Analisis de vestigios de boro en el grafito nuclear por cromatografia de gases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zado, F. [Rudjer Boskovlc Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia (Croatia)

1963-11-15

en raison de la sensibilite du trichlorure de bore a l'humidite. (author) [Spanish] Hasta ahora no se han publicado datos sobre la aplicacion de la cromatografia de gases a la valoracion de vestigios de boro en el grafito. El autor examina los siguientes metodos de transformacion del boro en compuestos volatiles: a) Ignicion del grafito en corriente de oxigeno y transformacion subsiguiente del acido de boro en borato de metilo volatil, que se analiza luego en un cromatografo de gases Dilkens Aerograph H, modelo 96, con columna de silicona e hidrogeno como portador (metodo de concentracion). b) Extraccion del boro presente en el grafito por medio de fluoruro de sodio a 2800{sup o}C con cloracion y retencion simultaneas del tricloruro de boro, que luego se analiza (metodo directo). El autor uso un cromatografo de gases fabricado por el mismo, con un detector de conductividad termica y nitrogeno como portador. La columna era de vidrio con 20% en peso de fluorocarburo aceitoso sobre kieselgur. En vista de la sensibilidad del tricloruro de boro frente a la humedad, fue preciso adoptar medidas de precaucion especiales. (author) [Russian] V literature otsutstvuet dannye o primenenii gazovoj khromatografii dlya analiza sledov bora v grafite. Obsukhdayutsya sleduyushchie metody prevrashcheniya bora v ego letuchie soedineniya: a) Prokalivanie grafita v potoke kisloroda s posleduyushchim prevrashcheniem okisi bora v letuchij bornometilovyj ehfir, kotoryj zatem issleduetsya metodom gazovoj khromatografii na aehrografe Dilkensa, model' H 96, s kremnievoj kolonkoj i vodorodom v kachestve nositelya (metod kontsentratsii); i b) Ehkstragirovanie bora iz grafita s pomoshch'yu ftoristogo natriya pri 2800{sup o}C s odnovremennym khlorirovaniem i ulavlivaniem trekhkhloristogo bora, kotoryj zatem podvergaetsya analizu (pryamoj metod). Ispol'zovalas' ustanovka dlya gazovoj khromatografii kustarnogo proizvodstva s teploprovodnym detektorom i azotom v kachestve nositelya. Kolonka byla

BORA: a front end board, with local intelligence, for the RICH detector of the Compass Collaboration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baum, G.; Birsa, R.; Bradamante, F.; Bressan, A.; Colavita, A.; Crespo, M.; Costa, S.; Dalla Torre, S.; Fauland, P.; Finger, M.; Fratnik, F.; Giorgi, M.; Gobbo, B.; Grasso, A.; Lamanna, M.; Martin, A.; Menon, G.; Panzieri, D.; Schiavon, P.; Tessarotto, F.; Zanetti, A.M.

1999-01-01

In this paper we describe the design of the re-configurable front-end boards (BORA boards) for the 82944 channel RICH-1 (Ring Imaging CHerenkov) of the Compass Collaboration (NA58). The front-end electronics controls the sample-and-hold operation after the arrival of an event trigger, acquires the analog voltages from the pre-amp VLSI and converts them into 10 bits at a rate of 20 Ms/s per analog channel. The digitized analogue values are then written into FIFOs. A subsequent operation compares the readings of each and every channel with corresponding programmable thresholds, and transmits those values larger than the threshold, together with the channel number, through an optical fiber to subsequent processing stages of the acquisition system. The overall operation of the board is controlled and supervised by a fast DSP. The availability of local intelligence allows the board to present innovative features such as: to be part of a computer network that connects several similar boards of the detector with a PC. The presence of the DSP allows testing the operability and linearity of the analog channels; and creating engineering frames containing local temperatures and voltages and transmitting the results through the network. The operator can reconfigure the hardware and software of the board by downloading programs from the PC

BORA: A front end board, with local intelligence, for the rich detector of the compass collaboration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baum, G.; Birsa, R.; Bradamante, F.

1999-02-01

In this paper we describe the design of the re-configurable front-end boards (BORA boards) for the 82944 channel RICH-1 (Ring Imaging CHerenkov) of the Compass Collaboration (NA58). The front-end electronics controls the sample-and-hold operation after the arrival of an event trigger, acquires the analogue voltages from the pre-amp VLSI and converts them into 10 bits at a rate of 20 Ms/s per analogue channel. After the analog values are digitized they are written into FIFOs. A subsequent operation compares the readings of each and every channel with corresponding programmable thresholds, and transmits those values larger than the threshold, together with the channel number, through an optical fiber to subsequent processing stages of the acquisition system. The overall operation of the board is controlled and supervised by a fast DSP. The availability of local intelligence allows the board to present innovative features such as: to be part of a computer network that connects several similar boards of the detector with a PC. The presence of the DSP allows testing the operability and linearity of the analogue channels; and creating engineering frames containing local temperatures and voltages and transmitting the results through the network. The operator can reconfigure the hardware and software of the board by downloading programs from the PC. (author)

Estrategias para el Fortalecimiento del Clima Organizacional en el Personal de la Unidad Educativa Débora Medina Vivas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eloina Sánchez

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El presente reporte de investigación tuvo como objetivo general, diseñar estrategias para el fortalecimiento del clima organizacional, en el personal docente de la Unidad Educativa Nacional Débora Medina Vivas. La investigación se ubicó bajo un diseño de campo y fue de tipo descriptivo. El diagnóstico fue realizado a través de la técnica de encuesta, al efecto se utilizó un cuestionario contentivo de treinta (30 ítems, el cual se aplicó a la muestra seleccionada, la que estuvo conformada por veintiocho (28 docentes que laboran en la institución objeto de estudio. El instrumento se validó mediante el juicio de expertos. El análisis y la interpretación de resultados se realizó con base en los datos de las respuestas cerradas, derivadas de la aplicación del instrumento, se organizaron gráficos para el subsiguiente análisis. La interpretación de los resultados generó una serie de conclusiones, se determinó la necesidad de fortalecer el clima organizacional. Sobre la base de los resultados se diseñó una propuesta estructurada en estrategias. Se concluye con la necesidad de mejorar en las instituciones la comunicación y el compañerismo entre todo el personal.

The Afya Bora Fellowship: An Innovative Program Focused on Creating an Interprofessional Network of Leaders in Global Health.

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Wendy M; Farquhar, Carey; Mashalla, Yohana

2017-09-01

Most current health professions education programs are focused on the development of clinical skills. As a result, they may not address the complex and interconnected nature of global health. Trainees require relevant clinical, programmatic, and leadership skills to meet the challenges of practicing in an increasingly globalized environment. To develop health care leaders within sub-Saharan Africa, the Afya Bora Consortium developed a one-year fellowship for medical doctors and nurses. Fellows from nine institutions in the United States and sub-Saharan Africa participate in 12 learning modules focused on leadership development and program management. Classroom-based training is augmented with an experiential apprenticeship component. Since 2011, 100 fellows have graduated from the program. During their apprenticeships, fellows developed projects beneficial to their development and to host organizations. The program has developed fellows' skills in leadership, lent expertise to local organizations, and built knowledge in local contexts. Most fellows have returned to their countries of origin, thus building local capacity. U.S.-based fellows examine global health challenges from regional perspectives and learn from sub-Saharan African experts and peers. The Consortium provides ongoing support to alumni through career development awards and alumni network engagement with current and past fellow cohorts. The Consortium expanded from its initial network of five countries to six and continues to seek opportunities for geographical and institutional expansion.

Produção de mudas de abóbora com diferentes doses de nitrogênio e potássio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andréa Reiko Oliveira Higuti

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido, em São Manuel (SP. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de mudas de abóbora 'Menina Brasileira' em substrato à base de fibra de coco com diferentes doses de nitrogênio e potássio em fertirrigação. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com 16 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120 mg L-1 de N na forma de nitrato de amônio e quatro doses de potássio (0, 70, 140 e 210 mg L-1 de K2O na forma de cloreto de potássio, em quatro repetições e dez plantas por parcela. As características avaliadas foram: massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e raiz, altura e número de folhas. As doses de potássio não influenciaram as características avaliadas. Houve, porém, aumento linear para a maioria das características avaliadas com doses crescentes de nitrogênio, exceto para a massa seca da raiz.

Eficiência de acessos de Cucurbita maxima como polinizadores de abóbora híbrida do tipo "Tetsukabuto" Efficiency of Cucurbita maxima accessions as pollinators in the commercial production of pumpkin ("Tetsukabuto" type

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Warley Marcos Nascimento

2008-12-01

Full Text Available A abóbora tipo “Tetsukabuto” é um híbrido interespecífico, macho estéril, resultante do cruzamento entre Cucurbita maxima e C. moschata. Uma das estratégias utilizadas para produção comercial de frutos de “Tetsukabuto” tem sido o plantio adjacente e concomitante de acessos de C. maxima ou C. moschata como polinizadores. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes acessos de C. maxima como fontes de pólen para produção comercial de abóbora tipo “Tetsukabuto”. A cultivar de moranga "Exposição" e o acesso "Nirvana" foram utilizados como polinizadores para produção de frutos de dois híbridos do tipo varietal “Tetsukabuto” ("Jabras" e "Kyoto". Foram avaliados os tratamentos (cruzamentos Jabras x Exposição, Jabras x Nirvana, Tetsukabuto x Exposição, Tetsukabuto x Nirvana, em quatro repetições. Foram determinados os parâmetros massa dos frutos, diâmetro dos frutos, espessura da polpa, número e massa de sementes. O acesso "Nirvana" (cultivar em fase de validação pode ser utilizado na produção comercial como polinizador de abóboras deste grupo varietal sem nenhum prejuízo quando comparado com a moranga "Exposição"."Tetsukabuto" pumpkins are interspecific hybrids between Cucurbita maxima x C. moschata accessions. Such hybrids, however, are often male-sterile due to the impaired ability of the staminate flowers to produce functional pollen. The use of intervening rows of staminate (pollen-donor plants is one strategy employed in order to have commercial fruit production. In the present work, two C. maxima accessions ["Exposição" (E and "Nirvana" (N] were employed as pollen-donors (staminate parents and their efficiency was compared considering fruit and seed yield parameters. Two pistillate Tetsukabuto hybrids ["Jabras" (J and "Kyoto Tetsukabuto" (KT] were employed in four possible unidirectional crosses (J x E, J x N, KT x E and KT x N. Fruits were produced using standard manual

THE ROLE OF INDIGENOUS HEALING PRACTICES IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AMONG THE MACCAA OROMO OF ILU ABBAA BORA AND JIMMA ZONES, ETHIOPIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milkessa Edae TUFA

2017-08-01

Full Text Available This article mainly attempted to explore the role of utilizing indigenous medicines in environmental protection among the Maccaa Oromo of Jimma and Iluu Abba bora zone, south-western Ethiopia. To this end, 4 separate interviews with 4 interviewees, 2 focus group discussions with 17 participants, and non-participant field observation were conducted to generate significant and reliable data. Besides, the researchers employed secondary data to make the study more significant and complete. The findings of the study show that since the source of medicines is the environment, the community protects their environment unless the society wouldn’t accessed the natural medicines they need. The study also reveals that most of these folk medicines used by the Maccaa Oromos are from plants. This further indicates the society protects the natural environment to get the plants they use for medication. Thus, folk healing practices are crucial on the one hand to treat illnesses, and to protect the ecosystem on the other hand. However, these societal knowledge is undermined as well as they are being replaced by western (scientific knowledge, modern medicines. These days, our planet is suffering from global warming, wild fire, flooding, drought, and desertification. Averting these threats is impossible without protecting societal environmental indigenous knowledge.

Alterações químicas e físico-químicas em grãos de abóbora durante o armazenamento Chemical and physico chemical changes in pumpkin grains in storage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tailândia M. C. Belmiro

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se este trabalho com o objetivo de verificar as alterações químicas e físico-químicas em grãos de abóbora secados durante o armazenamento convencional (temperatura ambiente, visando avaliar a qualidade do produto em relação às características qualitativas iniciais. Os grãos de abóbora foram submetidos a secagem em estufa a 100 °C com o intuito de se produzir amostras secadas com 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10% de teor de água; T1, T2, T3, T4 e T5, respectivamente. As amostras, já secas, foram armazenadas em embalagem rígida de polipropileno, com tampa, durante 180 dias, a temperatura ambiente. A cada 30 dias os grãos secos foram submetidos a análises química e físico-química, ao longo do armazenamento, determinando-se o teor de água, cinzas, pH, acidez total titulável, proteína bruta, amido, fibra bruta e cor. Verificou-se que não houve alteração do teor de água nos tratamentos T1 e T5 (teor de água iniciais 2 e 10%, respectivamente. Ocorreu aumento de acidez entre o início e o final do armazenamento para todos os tratamentos, e redução do pH, para quatro dos cinco tratamentos mas houve manutenção da proteína bruta, da fibra bruta, do amido, das cinzas, da luminosidade, da intensidade de vermelho e da intensidade de amarelo, indicando que os grãos de abóbora se mantiveram em boas condições durante o período avaliado.This work aimed to verify chemical and physico-chemical changes in dried pumpkin grains, during the standard storage (room temperature, to evaluate the maintaining of initial qualitative characteristics. Drying of the grains took place in an oven at 100 °C until the moisture content reached 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%, at T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Dried samples were stored in rigid polypropylene packing, with cover, for 180 days, at room temperature. Every 30 days, dried grains were submitted to chemical and physico-chemical analyses: moisture content, ashes, pH, total titrable acidity, crude

PHASE CHANGES ON 4H AND 6H SIC AT HIGH TEMPERATURE OXIDATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jan Setiawan

2016-10-01

-016-4971 card.  Diffraction pattern on 46S also showed lattice parameter, composition and crystallite size changes.  The lattice parameter changes not significant.  For 6S and 46S sam-ples at 1400 oC, the 6H-SiC phase changes into other phases more than 50 % from its original weight percentage. Keywords: silicon carbide, 4H-SiC, 6H-SiC, oxidation, high temperature. ABSTRAK PERUBAHAN FASA 4H DAN 6H SIC YANG TEROKSIDASI PADA TEMPERATUR TINGGI.  Telah dilakukan proses oksidasi pada silikon karbida yang mengadung fasa 6H dan silikon karbida yang mengandung fasa 4H dan 6H.  Silikon karbida merupakan keramik non oksida dengan sifat-sifat unggulnya yang sangat potensial digunakan dalam dunia industri.  Dalam industri nuklir silikon karbida digunakan sebagai bahan struktur kelongsong pada bahan bakar reaktor air ringan light water reactor (LWR dan sebagai pelapis pada kernel bahan bakar reaktor gas temperatur tinggi (RGTT.  Pada studi ini dilakukan simulasi oksidasi silikon karbida pada kernel apabila terjadi kegagalan pada pipa pendingin utamanya. Sampel dibentuk dari serbuk silikon karbida yang di pres hingga berbentuk pelet dengan diameter 12,7 mm dan ketebalan 1.0 mm kemudian dioksidasi pada temperatur 1000 oC, 1200 oC dan 1400 oC selama 1 jam.  Sampel sebelum dan setelah dioksidasi dilakukan penimbangan dan pengujian difraksi sinar-X menggunakan Difraktometer Panalytical Empyrean dengan Cu sebagai sumber sinar-X.  Analisis pola difraksi dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi General Structure Analysis System (GSAS, dengan hasil yang diperoleh adalah perubahan parameter kisi dan kandungan fasa SiC-nya.  Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel yang teroksidasi mengalami peningkatan berat.  Oksidasi sampel 6S menyebabkan kenaikan berat tertinggi pada temperatur 1200 oC, sedangkan sampel 46S memiliki berat dengan kecenderungan meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya temperatur oksidasi.  Analisis pola difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa fasa domi-nan yang terbentuk pada sampel

International Journal of Health Research

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Erah

using the blends of pregelatinized Bora rice along with sodium alginate as mucoadhesive ... Keywords: Drug delivery, Bora rice starch, Release kinetics,. Natural polymer. ..... ride rich plant material generally used as food source and may be ...

Avaliação de extratos vegetais no controle de mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci biótipo B em abóbora Evaluation of plant extracts in the control of whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B in squash

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Marcus Freire Vieira Lima

2013-09-01

Full Text Available A abóbora (Cucurbita moschata Duch. é uma cultura de importância para a agricultura familiar da região Nordeste do Brasil. No entanto, a ocorrência do prateamento das folhas da aboboreira ocasionado pela mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci biótipo B limita sua produção, causando prejuízos aos agricultores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de extratos vegetais sobre o nível populacional de ninfas de mosca-branca em abóbora cv. Jacarezinho. O experimento foi instalado em campo experimental, em blocos casualizados, constituído de seis tratamentos e três repetições. As aplicações dos extratos vegetais foram feitas com intervalo de sete dias, fazendo-se uso de substâncias extraídas das seguintes plantas: canudo (Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa, mamona (Ricinus communis L., tinguí (Mascagnia rigida Griseb, cardo-santo (Argemone mexicana L., e o óleo comercial Natuneem®. Todos os extratos vegetais obtiveram eficiência no controle de ninfas B. tabaci, sendo o R. communis (75,49%, M. rigida (73,99%, I. carnea (72,24%, óleo de nim (70,4% e A. mexicana (69,16%.The squash (Cucurbita moschata Duch. is an important crop for family farmers in the northeast of Brazil. However, the occurrence of leaf silvering caused by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B, limits production, causing losses to farmers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of plant extracts on the population levels of whitefly nymphs on the squash cv. Jacarezinho. The experiment was conducted at an experimental field, in a randomized block design consisting of six treatments and three replications. Applications of plant extracts were made at an interval of seven days, making use of substances extracted from the following plants: Ipomoea carnea subsp. Fistulosa, castor bean (Ricinus communis L., Tingui (Mascagnia rigida Griseb, cardo-santo (Argemone mexicana L., and the commercial oil product Natuneem ®. All of the plant extracts were

Influência da pressão, temperatura e pré-tratamentos na secagem a vácuo de cenoura e abóbora Influence of pressure and temperature and pre-treatments in the carrot and pumpkin vacuum drying

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aroldo Arévalo-Pinedo

2005-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho visou estudar experimentalmente a cinética de secagem a vácuo de cenoura e abóbora "in natura" e pré-tratadas por branqueamento e congelamento. Os ensaios experimentais foram conduzidos em um secador a vácuo, nas pressões de 5, 15 e 25 kPa e temperaturas de 50, 60 e 70°C. Estudou-se a influência da pressão e temperatura assim como os pré-tratamentos adotados sobre a cinética de secagem. A análise do efeito dos pré-tratamentos e dos parâmetros pressão e temperatura sobre a velocidade de secagem revelou que os melhores valores foram obtidos com a temperatura de 70°C e pressão de 5 kPa para as amostras prétratadas por congelamento. Quanto ao tipo de matéria-prima utilizado, a abóbora apresentou maiores velocidades de secagem que a cenoura, independentemente do tratamento recebido e da condição de secagem utilizada. As curvas experimentais de secagem foram ajustadas ao modelo difusional de Fick para uma placa plana infinita.In this work it was studied experimentally the kinetics of drying of carrot and pumpkin under vacuum drying in nature and pre-treatment by freezing and bleaching. The experimental runs were driven in a dryer under vacuum, at pressures of 5, 15 and 25 kPa and temperatures of 50, 60 and 70°C. The influences on the drying kinetics of the pressures and temperature were studied, as well as the effect of adopting pre-treatment. It was observed that the best values were obtained at the temperature of 70°C and pressure of 5 kPa for the samples pretreatment by freezing. As concerns to the raw material employed, pumpkin presented higher drying speeds than the one shown by carrot, independently of the treatment received and of the operational condition of drying. The experimental curves of drying were adjusted to the difusional model of Fick for an infinite slab.

Componentes antinutricionais e digestibilidade proteica em sementes de abóbora (Cucurbita maxima submetidas a diferentes processamentos Antinutritional components and protein digestibility in pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita maxima submitted to different processing methods

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciana de Paula Naves

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Subprodutos vegetais têm sido utilizados na dieta com a finalidade de melhorar o estado nutricional de populações desnutridas. Entretanto, os antinutrientes presentes nesses alimentos podem acarretar efeitos indesejáveis. Portanto, os teores de polifenóis, cianeto, saponinas, inibidor de tripsina, atividade hemaglutinante e a porcentagem da digestibilidade proteica in vitro de sementes de abóbora cruas e tratadas termicamente foram investigados com o objetivo de selecionar o processamento que acarrete maior redução dos antinutrientes e maior digestibilidade proteica. Sementes da abóbora Cucurbita maxima foram, em quatro repetições, submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: utilizadas na forma crua; cozidas em água em ebulição (AE por três tempos: 5, 10 e 15 minutos; e cozidas no vapor por 10 minutos. Posteriormente foram liofilizadas, trituradas e armazenadas em temperatura ambiente até a realização das análises. Não houve diferença significativa, entre os tratamentos, quanto aos níveis de polifenóis. As sementes cruas apresentaram o maior teor de cianeto, o menor nível de inibidor de tripsina e a menor digestibilidade proteica. O cozimento em AE por 10 minutos acarretou o menor nível de saponinas e a maior digestibilidade proteica. Não foi detectada atividade hemaglutinante em nenhuma amostra. Conclui-se que o cozimento em AE por 10 minutos foi o que proporcionou melhores resultados.Vegetable subproducts have been used in diets with the purpose of improving the nutritional quality of undernourished populations. However, the antinutrients present in those foods can cause adverse health effects. Therefore, the contents of polyphenols, cyanide, saponins, trypsin inhibitor, hemaglutinin activity, and the percentage of the in vitro protein digestibility of raw and thermally treated pumpkin seeds were investigated with the objective of selecting the processing that results in major antinutrient reduction and greater protein

Resonance – Journal of Science Education | Indian Academy of ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education. Saradi Bora. Articles written in Resonance – Journal of Science Education. Volume 22 Issue 2 February 2017 pp 123-133 General Article. Ionosphere and Radio Communication · Saradi Bora · More Details Abstract Fulltext PDF. The Earth's ionosphere consists ...

Avaliação do efeito fisiológico da farinha de semente de abóbora (Cucurbita maxima, L. no trato intestinal de ratos Evaluation of the pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima, L. seed flour effects on the intestinal tract of rats

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matilde Pumar

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito fisiológico da Farinha de Semente de Abóbora (FSA no trato intestinal de ratos Wistar machos recém desmamados, submetidos a dietas experimentais contendo Farinhas de Semente de Abóbora (FSAs integral, peneirada e residual, por 10 dias. As dietas experimentais foram obtidas substituindo-se 30% do valor total de amido e dextrina, da ração controle, pela FSA correspondente. As farinhas e rações controle e experimentais foram caracterizadas quimicamente. Os animais divididos em grupos foram avaliados quanto ao crescimento, consumo, material fecal e pH cecal. As FSAs e rações experimentais apresentaram relevantes teores de fibras alimentares, proteínas e lipídios. Dietas contendo FSAs integral, peneirada e residual levaram a um ganho ponderal e ingestão similar entre todos os grupos. Em relação ao grupo controle, os animais experimentais submetidos a dietas contendo FSAs apresentaram maior volume e peso fecais (p This study has the aim to evaluate the physiological effects of the Pumpkin Seed Flour (PSF on the intestinal tract of newly weaned male Wistar rats fed on diets containing whole Sifted and Residual - PSF for ten days. The experimental diets were prepared substituting 30% of the total content of starch and dextrin of the control diet for the corresponding PSF. The control and the experimental diets were chemically characterized. The animals were divided into four groups in order to evaluate growth, ingestion, feces, and cecal pH. The PSFs and the experimental diets presented high contents of alimentary fibers, proteins, and lipids. Similar ingestions of diets containing whole Sifted and Residual - PSF resulted in body weight gain. Rats on diets containing PSFs showed higher feces volume and weight (p > 0.05 in addition to an expressive insoluble fiber excretion, especially in the Residual - PSF group. Only the Residual PSF presented a significant reduction (p < 0.05 in the

Evidence for transfer of radicals between oil-in-water emulsion droplets as detected by the probe (E,E)-3,5-Bis(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene, BODIPY665/676

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Raudsepp, Piret; Brüggemann, Dagmar Adeline; Andersen, Mogens Larsen

2014-01-01

(E,E)-3,5-Bis(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene, BODIPY(665/676), is a lipophilic radical-sensitive fluorescent probe that can be used to study radical-driven lipid autoxidation. The sensitivity of BODIPY(665/676) was studied in the presence of radical initiators...... di-tert-butyl peroxide and 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethyl)valeronitrile (AMVN). In both cases the fluorescence of BODIPY(665/676) changed more in saturated medium-chain triglyceride oil than in linseed or sunflower oils, where the high degree of unsaturation is expected to give more pronounced radical......-derived lipid oxidation. It was suggested that BODIPY(665/676), as the only available oxidizable substance in the saturated oil, was directly attacked by radicals, resulting in high rates of probe oxidation, while in the unsaturated oils, radicals attacked either unsaturated fatty acids or BODIPY(665...

Vida útil de produto minimamente processado composto por abóbora, cenoura, chuchu e mandioquinha-salsa Shelf life of fresh-cut composed of vegetables

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Alvarenga Alves

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do tempo de armazenamento sobre a qualidade de produto minimamente processado à base de hortaliças: abóbora (Cucurbita moschata Duch, cenoura (Daucus carota L., chuchu (Sechium edule Swartz e mandioquinha-salsa (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft. As hortaliças foram sanificadas em hipoclorito de sódio 200 mg.L-1, por 5 minutos, descascadas, manualmente, e cortadas utilizando-se processador. O produto processado foi sanificado em hipoclorito de sódio 50 mg.L-1, por 3 minutos, e apenas as mandioquinhas-salsa foram imersas em solução de ácido ascórbico 1%, por 2 minutos. As embalagens flexíveis de polietileno de baixa densidade linear (25 x 20 cm, contendo 400 g do "mix", foram armazenadas a 5ºC e 99% UR, por 8 dias. A firmeza e o valor L* das hortaliças estudadas não alteraram com o tempo de armazenamento. Os valores a* e b* da abóbora não oscilaram durante o armazenamento. O valor a* da mandioquinha-salsa e do chuchu aumentou e o da cenoura diminuiu com o armazenamento, enquanto o valor b* da cenoura, do chuchu e da mandioquinha-salsa reduziu. O "mix" apresentou taxa de perda de massa muito baixa e ascensão respiratória até o oitavo dia. A atmosfera de equilíbrio, em torno de 2,93% de O2 e 7,06% de CO2, foi alcançada no interior da embalagem, contendo o "mix", a partir do segundo dia. Não foi detectada a presença de coliformes a 45ºC e Salmonella sp. em nenhuma amostra. Os coliformes a 35ºC aumentaram durante o armazenamento. Conclui-se que, o produto minimamente processado, à base de hortaliças mantém a sua qualidade por 8 dias a 5ºC.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of storage time on the quality of fresh-cut product made up of four vegetables: pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch, carrot (Daucus carota L., chayote (Sechium edule Swartz, and peruvian carrot (Arracaia xanthorrhiza Bancroft. The vegetables were sanitized in sodium hypochlorite solution (200 mg.L-1 for 5

The Cementation of Boron to Steels by the Method of Electrolytic Deposition; Cementation Electrolytique d'Aciers par le Bore; Tsementirovanie bora v stali putem ehlektroliticheskogo osazhdeniya; Cementacion de Aceros con Boro por Deposito Electrolitico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawakami, M. [Tokyo Institute of Technology (Japan)

1964-06-15

aceros al carbono, aceros inoxidables, acero de elevado contenido de cromo, etc.; todos ellos dan resultados satisfactorios. (author) [Russian] Privoditsja metod izgotovlenija upravljajushhego sterzhnja s cementirovaniem bora. Jetot process osushhestvljaetsja posredstvom jelektroliza rasplavlennogo tetrabornokislogo natrija pri temperature okolo 900 Degree-Sign S . Obrabatyvaemyj stal'noj sterzhen' sluzhit katodom, v k a chestve anoda ispol'zuetsja grafitovyj jelektrod. V processe jelektroliza bor osazhdaetsja na stal'noj sterzhen' i diffundiruet v sta l'. Pri podhodjashhih uslovijah jelektroliza legko udaetsja poluchit' stal'noj sterzhen', soderzhashhij po 20% bora. Issledovalis' sledujushhie tipy stali: uglerodistaja, nerzhavejushhie, hromistaja i t.d. , vo vseh sluchajah byli polucheny polozhitel'nye rezul'taty. (author)

Polinização entomófila em abóbora caipira, Cucurbita mixta (Curcubitaceae = Entomophilus pollination in pumpkins, Cucurbita mixta (Curcubitaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Henrique Lattaro

2006-10-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os insetos visitantes nas flores masculinas e femininas da abóbora caipira (Cucurbita mixta, em Ribeirão Preto, Estado de São Paulo. Para isso, foram realizadas contagens dos insetos presentes nas flores das 7h00 às 18h00, durante 10 minutos em cada horário, com três repetições (três dias distintos, em agosto de 2004. Observou-se que abelha africanizada (Apis mellifera foi o inseto visitante mais freqüente nas flores. Essa abelha visitou as flores até 13h00 e preferiu coletar néctar nasflores masculinas (68,4%, em comparação ao pólen nas flores masculinas (18,6% e ao néctar nas flores femininas (13,0%. A freqüência dessas abelhas nas flores diminuiu no decorrer do dia. A relação de flor masculina para feminina foi 3,2:1.This study aimed to evaluate the insect visitors in the male and female flowers of the pumpkin, Cucurbita mixta, in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in August, 2004. The insects in the flowers were counted from 7:00 a.m. to 6:00p.m., for 10 minutes, every hour, with three replications and in three different days. It was observed that the insect which most frequently visited the flowers was the Africanized honey bee, Apis mellifera. That bee visited flowers until 1:00 p.m. and preferred to collect nectar from the male flowers (68.4%, when compared to pollen from the male flowers (18.6% and nectar from the female flowers (13.0%. The frequency of those bees in the flowers decreased in elapsing of the day. The relationship between male and female flowers was 3.2:1.

ADUBAÇÃO MINERAL E ORGÂNICA DA ABÓBORA HÍBRIDA: ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E PRODUÇÃO MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER OF THE HYBRID SQUASH: NUTRITIONAL STATE AND PRODUCTION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Affonso Ferreira

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

Com finalidade de avaliar a resposta da cultura da abóbora híbrida cv. Tetsukabuto à adubação orgânica e mineral, foram realizados sete experimentos em Ponte Nova, Minas Gerais, em solo podzólico vermelho-amarelo câmbico fase terraço. Cada experimento se deu em uma época de amostragem, iniciada aos 21 dias e encerrada aos 105 dias após a semeadura, com intervalos de 14 dias. Nestes foram testados cinco tratamentos de adubação mais um tratamento-controle (sem adubação. Nos tratamentos de adubação, definidos por meio de um corte em diagonal de um fatorial completo, foram aplicadas as doses de 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 t/ha (base seca de composto orgânico de bagaço de cana e de resíduos de suínos, associadas com as doses de 0,772; 0,579; 0,386; 0,193 e 0 t/ha de 4-14-8, respectivamente, em quatro repetições, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso. A substituição parcial da adubação mineral pela orgânica aumentou o número de folhas da planta, o comprimento da rama principal e a produtividade de frutos. A produtividade de frutos máxima e a de maior eficiência econômica, 13,596 e 13,368 t/ha, foram atingidas com as doses de 6.402 kg/ha do composto orgânico e 360 kg/ha de 4-14-8 e com a dose de 5.247 kg/ha do composto e 434 kg/ha de 4-14-8, respectivamente. Os teores de N, P, K, S, Ca e Mg, aos 49 dias após a semeadura, na matéria seca do limbo foliar da planta de abóbora, associados com a dose de máxima eficiência econômica, foram 38,8; 5,2; 27,5; 2,5; 21,3 e 3,8, respectivamente. Estes valores, aos 63 dias após a semeadura, foram 43,8; 4,7; 24,4; 2,5; 18,3 e 5,3, respectivamente. Aos 105 dias após a semeadura, os conteúdos de N, P, K, S, Ca e Mg na parte aérea, estimados e expressos em g/planta, foram de 27,8; 4,7; 26,7; 1,8; 10,1 e 4,8, respectivamente.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Abóbora híbrida; moranga híbrida; teores de

Secagem de fatias de abóboras (Cucurbita moschata, L. por convecção natural e forçada Drying of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata, L. slices by natural and forced convection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soraia Vilela Borges

2008-12-01

Full Text Available A abóbora (Cucurbita moschata, L. é uma importante fonte de provitamina A, de baixo custo, e sob a forma desidratada oferece diferentes opções de utilização e consumo. Secagens por convecção natural e forçada foram comparadas quanto ao grau de secagem atingido e encolhimento, em função da temperatura, velocidade de ar e dimensões do produto. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o uso de fatias com volume de 6,25 cm³ em secador por convecção forçada a 50 °C e à velocidade de 5,5 x 10-4 ms-1 resultaram em produtos de menor encolhimento, sendo recomendadas estas condições.Besides its low price, Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata, L. is an important source of provitamin-A, and when dehydrated it offers different options of utilizations and consumption. Natural and forced convection drying were compared according to the drying degree shrinkage as a function of temperature, and air velocity and product dimensions. The obtained results showed that slices with the volume of 6.25 cm³ in forced convection oven at 50 °C and at the velocity of 5.5 x 10-4 ms-1 resulted in a lower shrinkage products, so these conditions were recommended.

Dispersal of Sediment in the Western Adriatic during Energetic Wintertime Forcing

Science.gov (United States)

Harris, C. K.; Sherwood, C. R.; Mullenbach, B. L.; Pullen, J. D.

2003-12-01

EuroSTRATAFORM aims to relate sediment delivery and reworking to seabed morphology and stratigraphy through observations and modeling of water column transport. The Po River dominates buoyancy and sediment input into the Adriatic Sea, but small Apeninne rivers (the Chienti, Pescara, etc.) may produce locally important signals. Sedimentation is influenced by fluvial supply, resuspension by waves and currents, and transport by oceanographic currents forced by winds and buoyancy. Transport is likely highest during times of energetic forcing; including Bora events with northeasterly winds and Sirocco events with southeasterly winds. It is difficult, from field measurements alone, to characterize dispersal and convergence patterns over the relevant spatial scales. We applied a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model that includes fluvial delivery, transport, resuspension, and deposition of sediment to quantify sediment dispersal with a 2-km resolution over the entire Adriatic. Circulation calculations were driven by spatially- and temporally-varying wind fields for the Fall / Winter of 2002 / 2003 and realistic Po and Apennine river discharges. Waves were hindcast with the SWAN model. Dispersion of both resuspended and river-derived sediment was estimated for periods that contained intense Bora and Sirocco winds. Predicted sediment dispersal rates and patterns are sensitive to forcing winds, buoyancy flux, and wave patterns. Higher sediment flux was predicted during Bora conditions than during Sirocco conditions. Sirocco winds weaken the Western Adriatic Coastal Current (WACC), and because they tend to concentrate over the Eastern Adriatic, they often fail to create especially energetic waves in the Western Adriatic. Bora wind conditions, on the other hand, intensify the WACC and can build high wave energies over the northwestern Adriatic. Most of the sediment transport occurs during Bora, with a net southward flux. These predictions will be compared to field observations

Toppling the Taliban: Air-Ground Operations in Afghanistan, October 2001-June 2002

Science.gov (United States)

2015-01-01

al Qaeda training camps 17 Benjamin and Simon, 2002, p. 268. 18 Alan Cullison and Andrew Higgins , “A Once Stormy Terror Was Solidified by Cruise...December 11, 2001c. 23 Philip Smucker, “Dissent Grows in Caves of Tora Bora,” Christian Science Monitor, December 11, 2001a. 24 Chris Tomlinson, “U.S...Herald Tribune, December 11, 2001; Glasser, 2001c. 28 Chris Tomlinson, “Afghan Fighters Advance on Tora Bora,” Associated Press, December 11, 2001b

Temperatura no desenvolvimento e na reprodução de cochonilhas criadas sobre abóboras Temperature in the development and reproduction of scales reared on squash

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lília de Lima Andrade

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O desenvolvimento de insetos é dependente da temperatura. Nesta pesquisa, foi verificada a influência da temperatura no desenvolvimento e na reprodução de Chrysomphalus aonidum (L. em câmaras climatizadas com UR do ar 70±10%, fotofase de 12h e temperaturas constantes de 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 e 27 ± 1°C, tendo como substrato abóboras "cabotiá" (Curcubita maxima x Curcubita moschata var. Tetsukabuto. Foi observada a influência da temperatura nos parâmetros biológicos da cochonilha, sendo que temperaturas entre 23 e 27°C foram as mais adequadas ao inseto, propiciando menor duração do período ninfal e maior produção diária de ninfas por fêmea. Temperaturas entre 17 e 19°C provocam maior duração na fase ninfal, maior longevidade das fêmeas e menor produção diária de ninfas por fêmea.The development of the insects is dependent on the temperature. In this research, it was verified the influence of the temperature in the development and reproduction of the Chrysomphalus aonidum under climate controlled conditions (RH 70±10%, photophase of 12h, and seven constant temperatures of 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, and 27 ± 1°C; on "cabotiá" squash (Curcubita maxima x Curcubita moschata var. Tetsukabuto substrate. The temperature had influence in the biological parameters of the scale. The temperatures between 23 and 27°C were the most adequate to the scale, causing smaller duration of the nymphal period, and higher daily production of nymphs per female. At the temperatures between 17 and 19°C, the scale presented higher duration in the nymphal phase, and longevity of the females and smaller daily production of nymphs per female.

Verification of computer code for calculation of coolant radiolysis in the VVER reactor core with regard for boiling in its upper part

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arkhipov, O.P.; Kabakchi, S.A. [OKB Gidropress, Podolsk, Moscow (Russian Federation)

2010-07-01

Code Bora for WWER coolant radiolysis calculation considering single jets boiling in the reactor core top part is developed on the basis of computer codes MOPABA-H2 (radiolysis of aqueous solutions) and SteamRad (radiolysis of vapor). Physico-chemical processes taking place in boiling core coolant are complex and diversified. Still, for the solution of certain problems their simulation can be simplified. The approach of reasonable simplification was used for development of code Bora: mathematical model assumed is purposed for simulation of phenomena only in the area of interest; the number of simulated chemical reactions and particles shall be reasonably minimum; complexity of interphase mass transfer calculation procedure shall be adequate to actually available accuracy of modeling. The analysis of new experimental initial yields of water radiolysis products data and kinetic parameters of elementary chemical reactions with their participation has been carried out. Some changes have been introduced in the mechanism of liquid water and aqueous solutions of ammonia radiolysis have been significantly revised on the basis of this analysis. Examples of the calculations provided for code Bora verification are presented. Despite of very simple simulation of interphase mass transfer, Bora allows to obtain average chemical composition of two-phase coolant at BWR core outlet with the accuracy sufficient for engineering calculations. The report also presents the results of two-phase coolant chemical composition test calculation for reactor core top part coolant boiling in pressurized water reactor. (author)

Frutificação e crescimento de frutos em abóbora híbrida 'Tetsukabuto' tratada com alfa-naftalenoacetato de sódio Fruit set and fruit growth of 'Tetsukabuto' squash treated with the sodium salt of alfa-naphthaleneacetic acid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cassandro V.T. do Amarante

2000-11-01

Full Text Available A abertura de flores femininas na abóbora híbrida 'Tetsukabuto' concentra-se num período de três a quatro semanas. Este curto período de florescimento indica que uma polinização deficiente pode ocasionar grande comprometimento da produção de frutos. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de concentrações do fitorregulador alfa-naftalenoacetato de sódio (ANA-Na, pulverizado em flores abertas femininas, na frutificação e crescimento de frutos da abóbora 'Tetsukabuto'. O experimento foi conduzido em Lages, SC, na safra 1992/1993, seguindo o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. A parcela foi constituída de cinco covas de 'Tetsukabuto' e uma da polinizadora Cucurbita maxima, em espaçamento de 3 x 1 m, com duas plantas/cova. Os tratamentos utilizados foram testemunha (polinização natural e 150, 300, 450, 600 e 750 mg·L-1 de ANA-Na. Nos tratamentos com ANA-Na, evitou-se a polinização natural isolando-se as flores com sacos de papel. Avaliou-se percentagem de frutificação, peso, comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos e peso, espessura, rendimento e sólidos totais da polpa. Apenas a dose de 750 mg·L-1 do hormônio reduziu a percentagem de frutificação. Os frutos obtidos por tratamento com ANA-Na apresentaram crescimento similar ao dos frutos obtidos por polinização.Anthesis of female flowers of 'Tetsukabuto' squash occurs within three to four weeks. A deficient pollination during this short flowering period may reduce the yield. The sodium salt of alfa-naphthaleneacetic acid (Na-NAA can be used to improve fruit set when pollination is deficient. This work was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Na-NAA, sprayed in open female flowers on fruit set and fruit growth of 'Tetsukabuto' squash. The experiment was carried out in 1992-93, in South Brazil, in a randomized block design with three replicates. The plots had a proportion of five plants of

Downwelling dynamics of the western Adriatic Coastal Current

Science.gov (United States)

Geyer, W. R.; Mullenbach, B. L.; Kineke, G. C.; Sherwood, C. R.; Signell, R. P.; Ogston, A. S.; Puig, P.; Traykovski, P.

2004-12-01

The western Adriatic coastal current (WACC) flows for hundreds of kilometers along the east coast of Italy at speeds of 20 to 100 cm/s. It is fed by the buoyancy input from the Po River and other rivers of the northern Adriatic Sea, with typical freshwater discharge rates of 2000 m**3/s. The Bora winds provide the dominant forcing agent of the WACC during the winter months, resulting in peak southeastward flows reaching 100 cm/s. The energy input of the Bora is principally in the northern Adriatic, and the coastal current response is due mainly to the set up of the pressure field, although there is sometimes an accompanying local component of down-coast winds that further augments the coastal current. Downwelling conditions occur during Bora, with or without local wind-forcing, because the bottom Ekman transport occurs in either case. Downwelling results in destratification of the coastal current, due to both vertical mixing and straining of the cross-shore density gradient. The relative contributions of mixing and straining depends on the value of the Kelvin number K=Lf/(g_Oh)**1/2, where L is the width of the coastal current, f is the Coriolis parameter, g_O is reduced gravity, and h is the plume thickness. For a narrow coastal current (KWACC during Bora events, with strain-induced destratification occurring in less than 24 hours. The straining process limits vertical mixing of the coastal current with the ambient Adriatic water, because once the isopycnals become vertical, no more mixing can occur. This limitation of mixing may explain the persistence of the density anomaly of the coastal current in the presence of high stresses. The straining process also has important implications for sediment transport: destratification allows sediment to be distributed throughout the water column during Bora events, resulting in enhanced down-coast fluxes. The influence of the downwelling dynamics on cross-shore sediment transport is still under examination.

'Brasileirinha': cultivar de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata de frutos bicolores com valor ornamental e aptidão para consumo verde 'Brasileirinha': an ornamental bicolor squash (Cucurbita moschata cultivar for immature fruit consumption

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo S Boiteux

2007-03-01

Full Text Available 'Brasileirinha' é uma cultivar de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata com frutos bicolores que foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de disponibilizar um produto diferenciado devido ao aspecto ornamental e a composição nutricional de seus frutos. Esta cultivar foi selecionada na geração F7, sendo obtida via cruzamentos convencionais entre um acesso de frutos bicolores, provavelmente devido à presença de um alelo do gene B, e a cultivar Mocinha (com frutos imaturos de cor verde uniforme. A característica peculiar da cultivar Brasileirinha é a produção de frutos com casca apresentando uma marcante coloração bicolor (coloração amarela na região proximal e verde na posição distal dos frutos. A polpa apresenta coloração amarela-esverdeada em frutos colhidos imaturos e, à medida que o fruto amadurece, intensifica-se uma coloração alaranjada. Beta-caroteno e luteína são os principais carotenóides presentes em frutos para consumo verde. Em frutos em completo estádio de maturação (polpa laranja intensa verifica-se a acumulação de beta-caroteno e alfa-caroteno (precursores da vitamina A em torno de 243 mg g-1. A cultivar Brasileirinha tem apresentado boa resistência de campo a diferentes raças de oídio (Podosphaera xanthii. Esta cultivar é preferencialmente recomendada para consumo como abobrinha verde (no estádio de fruto imaturo e para fins ornamentais (frutos em todos os estádios. Uma opção é o uso de frutos jovens em conservas. A cultivar Brasileirinha é recomendada para plantio em todas as tradicionais regiões produtoras do país. O sistema de produção para esta cultivar tem sido o mesmo adotado para outros tipos de abóboras.'Brasileirinha' is a squash (Cucurbita moschata cultivar developed by Embrapa Vegetable Crops, with a appealing ornamental appearance and carotenoid composition of its fruits might provide raw material for the development of value-added products targeting new market niches. This cultivar is an F7

Poblaciones de hongos y actinomicetos presentes en el proceso de compostaje con base en bora (Eichhornia crassipes, residuos de café y de jardinería | Fungi and actinomycetes populations present in the composting process based on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes, coffee and garden waste

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magalys Rivas-Nichorzon

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Composting is a bio-oxidative process involving numerous and varied microorganisms, whose population dynamics are influenced by the type of organic substrate used. In order to quantify fungal and actinomycetes populations and identifying fungi present during the composting process, three compost were developed with the inclusion of different organic materials, differing by the inclusion of fibrous substrates water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes, coffee husks and garden waste. Three metal composters were used with dimensions: 62.5 x 77.5 x 75.0 cm. The statistical design was a randomized block with repeated measurements over time, with treatments from a 3x3 factorial arrangement, three types of compost, three evaluation times (20, 40 and 60 days and three repetitions. The values obtained were transformed to log10 and an analysis of variance was performed; means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The fungi count was elevated at the beginning and during the course of composting for compost based on garden waste and bora. The most frequent fungi species identified during the composting process were Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp. and Penicillium sp. Stocks of actinomycetes fell at the end of the composting process in all composts.

Avaliação de porta-enxertos para pepino tipo japonês Evaluation of graft supports for japanese cucumber

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcio Santos Lima

2000-03-01

Full Text Available A enxertia de pepino híbrido do tipo japonês em aboboreira tem por objetivo principal o manejo de doenças causadas por fungos de solo, consequentemente obter maior produtividade, além de frutos menos cerosos. Neste trabalho estudou-se o comportamento da cultivar Rensei, avaliando-se o desenvolvimento vegetativo das mudas, a produtividade e as características dos frutos das plantas enxertadas em diferentes porta-enxertos, em comparação com as não enxertadas. O trabalho foi realizado sob estufa do tipo túnel alto, com as plantas conduzidas em recipientes plásticos, de julho/96 a julho/97, em Piracicaba - SP. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1 testemunha (planta não-enxertada; T2 enxertia em abóbora Menina Brasileira; T3 enxertia em abóbora híbrida Ikki; T4: enxertia em abóbora-de-moita Novita; T5 enxertia em abóbora híbrida Tetsukabuto; T6 enxertia em abóbora híbrida Kirameki. A porcentagem de pegamento da enxertia só não apresentou valores superiores a 83,3% quando se utilizou abóbora Menina Brasileira. Foram obtidos frutos mais brilhantes e com pouca cerosidade, de interesse comercial, na enxertia em Ikki e Kirameki. Nestes porta-enxertos, seguidos por Tetsukabuto, houve maior produção em peso e número de frutos por planta.The japanese cucumber hybrid grafting on pumpkin plants has the main objective of obtaining tolerance for soil diseases, higher yield and less wax on fruits. The behavior of the Rensei hybrid grafted on different supports was studied evaluating fruit characteristics, vegetative development of seedlings and yield as compared to non-grafted plants. The experiment was carried out in a high tunnel greenhouse, with the plants growing in plastic containers, between July/96 and July/97, in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The treatments used were: T1, control (non-grafted plant; T2, grafted on ‘Menina Brasileira’ pumpkin; T3, grafted on ‘Ikki’ hybrid pumpkin; T4, grafted on ‘Novita’ hybrid squash; T5, grafted

Status of Cea-Minatom collaborative experiment Bora-Bora: fuels with high plutonium content

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zaboudko, L.; Kurina, I. [Institute for Physics and Power Engineering, IPPE, Kaluga region (Russian Federation); Mayorshin, A.; Kisly, V. [Research Institute for Atomic Reactors, RIAR, Uljanovsk region (Russian Federation); Menshikova, T.; Rogozkin, B. [All Russia Research Institute of Inorganic Materials, VNIINM, Moscow (Russian Federation); Pillon-Eymard, S.; Languille, A. [CEA Cadarache, Dir. de l' Energie Nucleaire, 13 - Saint Paul lez Durance (France); Thetford, R. [AEA Technology, Harwell (United Kingdom)

2001-07-01

The program of the experiment on the BOR-60 reactor with different fuel types is presented. It includes 3 phases: fuel fabrication, fuel irradiation on BOR-60, post-irradiation examination. The fuels studied are: MOX fuel UPu{sub 0.45}O{sub 2} made by two different techniques, nitride fuel (UPu{sub 0.45}N and UPu{sub 0.6}N) and inert-matrix fuel (PuN + ZrN and PuO{sub 2} + MgO). Results on fuel fabrication are presented. Description of the irradiation facility is given. Fuel irradiation conditions are discussed. Results of nitride fuel performance calculations by NITRAF code are shown. (author)

Efeito de tipos de leite sobre oídio em abóbora plantadas a campo Effect of types of cow milk on the powdery mildew control of pumpkin under field conditions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariana Zatarim

2005-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho foi realizado a campo para avaliar a eficiência de diversos tipos de leite de vaca sobre o oídio da abóbora cultivar Piramoita, causado por Sphaerotheca fuliginea. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos, cinco repetições e cinco plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos foram: leite cru, leite pasteurizado do tipo C, leite integral do tipo longa vida, leite pasteurizado tipo C + Yakult®, leite integral do tipo longa vida + Yakult® e água como controle. Os melhores resultados no controle da doença foram obtidos com leite de vaca cru, com leite do tipo C e leite do tipo C + Yakult®. Concluiu-se que leite é uma alternativa viável no controle do oídio, mesmo após o início da infecção, no campo. Sua utilização na forma de leite cru mais eficiente e na forma de longa vida o menos eficiente.In the present work we evaluated, under field conditions, the efficiency of several types of cow milk on the control of powdery mildew of pumpkin cv. Piramoita, caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with six treatments, five replications and five plants per plot. The treatments were: raw cow milk, pasteurized type C milk, integral long life milk and the association of the last two with Yakult® and a control with water. Milk is a viable alternative to control powdery mildew, even after infections have started under field conditions. Raw cow milk, type C milk and type C + Yakult® were the most efficient and integral long life was the least efficient.

Primjena spektrometrijskih metoda u analizi metalurških uzoraka

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anita Štrkalj

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Instrumentalne metode analize nezamjenjive su u znanstvenim istraživanjima, a sve više i u praksi gdje se zahtijeva što brže dobivanje rezultata, kao i što veća točnost. U metalurškoj praksi već se dulji niz godina primjenjuju spektrometrijske metode analize i to najčešće optička emisijska spektrometrija s izravnim očitanjem. Međutim koncentracija pojedinih legirnih elemenata u suvremenim metalnim materijalima vrlo je niska, često niža od granice detekcije optičkih emisijskih spektrometara s izravnim očitanjem. U ovom radu određivana je koncentracija bora u nodularnom lijevu primjenom optičke emisijske spektrometrije s izravnim očitanjem (OES, optičke emisijske spektrometrije s induktivno spregnutom plazmom (ICP-OES te atomske apsorpcijske spektrometrije s grafitnom tehnikom (AAS-GF. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su da se optička emisijska spektrometrija s izravnim očitanjem i optička emisijska spektrometrija s induktivno spregnutom plazmom mogu primijeniti za određivanje bora u ispitivanim uzorcima (tablica 1. Ako se zahtijeva vrlo točna analiza, a posebno ako se radi o vrlo niskim koncentracijama, optička emisijska spektrometrija s induktivno spregnutom plazmom pogodnija je metoda, uz uvjet da su uzorci pravilno pripremljeni. Atomska apsorpcijska spektrometrija s grafitnom tehnikom nije pogodna za određivanje bora u uzorcima ovog tipa. Tijekom provođenja analize dodatna pažnja usmjerena je na eliminaciju negativnog utjecaja grafitne kivete na rezultat analize. Osim toga, u radu je praćen utjecaj načina otapanja uzoraka na rezultate analize bora spomenutim metodama. Rezultati su pokazali da pažljiva priprema uzoraka u zatvorenom sustavu pridonosi točnijem rezultatu analize.

Universal energy-dispersive EXAFS spectrometer based on SR beam of `Kurchatovskij Institute` and scientific program of investigations; Universal`nyj ehnergodispersionnyj EXAFS-spektrometr v Natsional`nom tsentre sinkhrotronnogo izlucheniya (`Kurchatovskij institut`) i nauchnaya programma issledovanij

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aksenov, V L; Ivanov, I N [Laboratory of Particle Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna (Russian Federation); Koval` chuk, M V [Institut Kristallografii, RAN, Moscow (Russian Federation); and others

1997-12-31

The scheme of the energy-dispersive EXAFS spectrometer is discussed. The spectrometer will be used for the solid state investigations on the Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source KSRS. The main elements of the universal station are described, including the results of the positive-sensitive X-ray detector testing. The experimental investigations are presented which are supposed to be carried out with this EXAFS spectrometer. (author). 4 refs., 14 figs., 1 tab. Submitted to Poverkhnost`. Rentgenovskie, Sinkhrotronnye i Nejtronnye Issledovaniya.

Relevance and Benefits of Urban Water Reuse in Tourist Areas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gaston Tong Sang

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Urban water reuse is one of the most rapidly growing water reuse applications worldwide and one of the major elements of the sustainable management of urban water cycle. Because of the high probability of direct contact between consumers and recycled water, many technical and regulatory challenges have to be overcome in order to minimize health risks at affordable cost. This paper illustrates the keys to success of one of the first urban water reuse projects in the island Bora Bora, French Polynesia. Special emphasis is given on the reliability of operation of the membrane tertiary treatment, economic viability in terms of pricing of recycled water and operating costs, as well as on the benefits of water reuse for the sustainable development of tourist areas.

Lazer dlja sitsev / Jevgeni Ashihmin

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ashihmin, Jevgeni

2006-01-01

Narva tekstiilitööstuse Kreeniholm omanik Boras Wäfveri AB sulges Rootsi tehased ja toob sealsed seadmed Narva. Maailmaturu konkurents tekstiilitööstustes, Kreenholmi Valduse AS omanikud ja juhid

In vitro antioxidant activity of Vetiveria zizanioides root extract

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... possess antioxidant properties capable of scavenging free radicals in vivo. ..... H., Sahu, A. & Bora, U. (2008) Indian medicinal herbs as sources of antioxidants. ... analgesic activities of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) Journal of Ethnopharmacology ...

Pakistan andis Osama bin Ladeni jahtimisel alla / Heiki Suurkask

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Suurkask, Heiki, 1972-

2004-01-01

Pakistani president Pervez Musharrafi sõnul on Osama bin Ladeni otsingud Lõuna-Waziristanis tulemusteta. Edaspidi keskendutakse otsingutel Põhja-Waziristani, oletatakse, et bin Laden võib olla ka Tora Bora koobastikus. Lisa: USA hambutu luureteenistus

Mass mortality of the vermetid gastropod Ceraesignum maximum

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, A. L.; Frazer, T. K.; Shima, J. S.; Osenberg, C. W.

2016-09-01

Ceraesignum maximum (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825), formerly Dendropoma maximum, was subject to a sudden, massive die-off in the Society Islands, French Polynesia, in 2015. On Mo'orea, where we have detailed documentation of the die-off, these gastropods were previously found in densities up to 165 m-2. In July 2015, we surveyed shallow back reefs of Mo'orea before, during and after the die-off, documenting their swift decline. All censused populations incurred 100% mortality. Additional surveys and observations from Mo'orea, Tahiti, Bora Bora, and Huahine (but not Taha'a) suggested a similar, and approximately simultaneous, die-off. The cause(s) of this cataclysmic mass mortality are currently unknown. Given the previously documented negative effects of C. maximum on corals, we expect the die-off will have cascading effects on the reef community.

Abielud, mis muutsid maailma / Guido Ilves

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ilves, Guido

1997-01-01

Muhamed ja Chadidisha. Martin Luther ja Katharina von Bora. Inglise kuninga Henry VIII abielud. Habsburgide keiser Franz Joseph I ja Elisabeth. Vene keisrinna Katariina II abielu keiser Peeter III-ga. Karl Marx ja Jenny. Albert Einstein ja Mileva Maric

Performance of broiler chickens served heat-treated fluted pumpkin ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

GREGO

2007-03-19

Mar 19, 2007 ... utilization in monogastric nutrition is the presence of dele- terious substances ... dry and rainy seasons is not common in our environment. Hence, the ... work. The experiment was carried out at Bora Poultry Unit of. Federal ...

Kajian Aus Pahat pada pembubutan Baja Aisi 4340 Menggunakan Pahat Karbida PVD Berlapis

OpenAIRE

Carnegie, Dale

2017-01-01

120401084 Pada industri pemotongan logam, cairan pendingin banyak digunakan untuk memperoleh umur pahat yang lebih lama, tetapi cairan pendingin yang digunakan pada proses pemotongan logam mempunyai beberapa dampak negatif bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu dilakukan permesinan kering pada penelitian ini untuk membuat proses pemotongan logam yang bersih dan aman terhadap lingkungan. Proses pembubutan dilakukan juga dengan permesinan keras untuk membubut material baja AISI 4340 ...

Spatial separation of Plk1 phosphorylation and activity

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bruinsma, W.; Aprelia, M.; Kool, J.; Macůrek, Libor; Lindqvist, A.; Medema, R.H.

2015-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 132 (2015) ISSN 2234-943X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-18392S Institutional support: RVO:68378050 Keywords : plk1 * aurora kinase * cell cycle * checkpoint recovery * bora Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology

Research Article Genome-wide association study for economic traits ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Aiqiang Lin

kept in 4 °C. The PCR products were run on an 8% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fragments. 103 ..... research reveals a conserved role of phosphorylation of the N terminus of BORA for Plk1. 229 ..... J. Food Compos Anal. 33, 1-5. 359.

ADUBAÇÃO MINERAL E ORGÂNICA DA ABÓBORA HÍBRIDA: CRESCIMENTO MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER OF THE HYBRID SQUASH: GROWTH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antônio Américo Cardoso

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

Com finalidade de avaliar a resposta da abóbora híbrida cv. Tetsukabuto à adubação orgânica e mineral, foram realizados sete experimentos em Ponte Nova, Minas Gerais, em solo podzólico vermelho-amarelo câmbico fase terraço. Cada experimento constituiu uma época de amostragem, que foi iniciada aos 21 dias e encerrada aos 105 dias após a semeadura, com intervalos regulares de 14 dias. Nestes experimentos foram testados cinco tratamentos de adubação mais um tratamento controle (sem adubação. Nos tratamentos de adubação, definidos por meio de um corte em diagonal de um fatorial completo, foram aplicadas as doses de 0; 3; 6; 9 e 12 t/ha (base seca de composto orgânico de resíduo de suínos e bagaço de cana, juntamente com 0,772; 0,579; 0,386; 0,193 e 0 t/ha de adubo mineral NPK 4-14-8, respectivamente, em quatro repetições, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso. A substituição de parte da adubação mineral pela orgânica aumentou o número de nós da rama principal, o comprimento total da ramificação e os pesos das matérias secas da parte aérea, da parte reprodutiva e do fruto. A maior porcentagem de matéria seca no fruto e o menor crescimento vegetativo, aos 105 dias após a semeadura, foram obtidos quando toda a adubação mineral foi substituída pela orgânica.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Moranga híbrida; Cucurbita maxima x C. moschata; crescimento.

In order to evaluate the response of hybrid squash cv. Tetsukabuto to mineral (NPK and organic compost, seven experiments were carried out in Ponte Nova, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, on a yellow-red cambic podsoil. Each experiment constituted one sampling date, which began at the 21st  day and ended at the 105th day after sowing, with 14 days intervals. In these experiments five

Bora and Koshava challenge turbine manufacturers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Winkelmeier, Hans [Verein Energiewerkstatt, Friedburg (Austria)

2009-07-01

The European Union is supporting the still very tentative cooperation between the former Yugoslavian states. Within the framework of a wind power research project, three unusual sites in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia are being studied. The plan is to put up large wind farms there in the future. (orig.)

Experimental studies of some of the physical features of beryllium-moderated intermediate reactors; Etude experimentale de quelques particularites physiques des reacteurs a neutrons intermediaires, ralentis au beryllium; Ehksperimental'ny e issledovaniya nekotorykh fizicheskikh osobennostej promezhutochnykh reaktorov s berillievym zamedlitelem; Estudios experimentales de algunas caracteristicas fisicas de los reactores intermedios moderados con berilio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lejpunskij, A I; Kuznetsov, V A; Artyukhov, G Ya; Mogil' ner, A I; Prokhorov, Yu A; Steklovski, V M; Chernov, L A [Akademiya Nauk, Moskva, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian Federation)

1962-03-15

_derivative}Be/{partial_derivative}U{sup 235}{approx_equal}200. Ehtot fakt ob'yasnyaetsya rezkim snizheniem tsennosti nejtronov, pogloshchaemykh uranom. Dlya ehtoj zhe sborki privodyatsya dannye po ehffektivnosti sterzhnej iz razlichnykh pogloshchayushchikh materialov. Privoditsya ehksperimental'n o izmerennyj khod plotnosti nejtronov razlichnykh ehnergij vblizi sterzhnya iz karbida bora i plotnost' zakhvatov nejtronov ' 1/v-detektorom vnutri sterzhnya. V doklade privoditsya takzhe metodika i rezul'taty ehksperimentov po otsenke ehffektivnosti povorotnykh kompensiruyushchikh tsilindrov, razmeshchennykh na granitse aktivnoj zony i otrazhatelya. (author)

Three dimensional calculations of the primary coolant flow in a 900 MW PWR vessel. Steady state and transients computations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martin, A.; Alvarez, D.; Cases, F.

1996-03-01

The paper explains the chronological account and the first results obtained in the R and D program on the mixing in the 900 MW PWR vessels. After the presentation of the plant type simulated, we define the numerical tool, the (Finite Element Modelling) FEM N3S code. Two results are presented with a comparison with the experiment results issued of the BORA BORA mock up. The first case is dealing with the isothermal steady state mixing in the vessel with the three loops mass flow rate balanced. This case identified as a validation of our numerical tool shows a good agreement. The second case is dealing with the transient mixing of a clear plug in the vessel when one primary pump starts-up. We compare the numerical and experiment results giving the mean boron concentration at the core inlet for several clear water plugs. The results show again a good agreement. (authors). 12 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab

Idjom na vostok / Jekaterina Petra

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Petra, Jekaterina

2005-01-01

Kreenholmi majandusnäitajad on võrreldes möödunud aastaga paranenud, kasumisse on aidanud jõuda säästlik majandamine ja töötajate koondamine. 2005. aasta lõpuks lõpetab Kreenholmi emafirma Boras Wäfveri tootmise Rootsis. Kreenholm soovib muutuda maailmaturul konkurentsivõimeliseks ettevõtteks

Safety barriers on oil and gas platforms. Means to prevent hydrocarbon releases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sklet, Snorre

2005-12-15

The main objective of the PhD project has been to develop concepts and methods that can be used to define, illustrate, analyse, and improve safety barriers in the operational phase of offshore oil and gas production platforms. The main contributions of this thesis are; Clarification of the term safety barrier with respect to definitions, classification, and relevant attributes for analysis of barrier performance Development and discussion of a representative set of hydrocarbon release scenarios Development and testing of a new method, BORA-Release, for qualitative and quantitative risk analysis of hydrocarbon releases Safety barriers are defined as physical and/or non-physical means planned to prevent, control, or mitigate undesired events or accidents. The means may range from a single technical unit or human actions, to a complex socio-technical system. It is useful to distinguish between barrier functions and barrier systems. Barrier functions describe the purpose of safety barriers or what the safety barriers shall do in order to prevent, control, or mitigate undesired events or accidents. Barrier systems describe how a barrier function is realized or executed. If the barrier system is functioning, the barrier function is performed. If a barrier function is performed successfully, it should have a direct and significant effect on the occurrence and/or consequences of an undesired event or accident. It is recommended to address the following attributes to characterize the performance of safety barriers; a) functionality/effectiveness, b) reliability/ availability, c) response time, d) robustness, and e) triggering event or condition. For some types of barriers, not all the attributes are relevant or necessary in order to describe the barrier performance. The presented hydrocarbon release scenarios include initiating events, barrier functions introduced to prevent hydrocarbon releases, and barrier systems realizing the barrier functions. Both technical and human

Efeito do tratamento térmico em sementes de abóboras (Cucurbita spp. sobre os níveis de fatores antinutricionais e/ou tóxicos Effect of the thermal processing on pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita spp. on the levels of antinutritionales factors and/or toxics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Glauciemar Del-Vechio

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Os teores de alguns antinutrientes de sementes cruas, cozidas e tostadas de três espécies de abóboras, Cucurbita maxima (CMA, C. moschata (CMO e o híbrido F1 (CMA X CMO, foram investigados, a fim de assegurar o seu uso em preparações dietéticas, produtos industrializados e formulações de novos produtos. Não foram detectados em nenhuma das espécies estudadas teores de ácido oxálico e nitrato. A espécie C. maxima apresentou os níveis mais baixos de cianeto e de polifenóis e maior digestibilidade protéica in vitro. O cozimento acarretou redução nos níveis de cianeto, inibidor de tripsina, da atividade de hemaglutinina e de polifenóis e aumento da digestibilidade protéica in vitro. Dos tratamentos térmicos utilizados, o cozimento foi o mais eficiente na redução desses constituintes.The contents of some antinutrients of raw, boiled and toasted seeds of three pumpkin species, Cucurbita maxima (CMA, C. moschata (CMO and the F1 hybrid (CMA x CMO, were investigated in order to assure the use in dietary preparations industrialized products and formulations of new products. Levels of oxalic acid and nitrate were not detected in any of the species studied. CMA presented the lowest levels of cyanide, polyphenols and highest in vitro protein digestibility. Cooking brought about reduction in the levels of cyanide, trypsin inhibitor, hemaglutinin activity and polyphenols and increased of in vitro protein digestibility. Of the thermal processing employed, cooking was the most efficient in reducing of that constituints.

Bridging Marketing Theory and Practice for Consumer Behaviour Master's Students: A Case Study from Sweden

Science.gov (United States)

Sundstrom, Malin; Hagberg, Johan

2010-01-01

This paper describes the planning, implementation and outcome of a graduate-level consumer behaviour course taught in autumn 2008 at the University of Boras in Sweden. The course was jointly developed by marketing academics and business representatives in order to combine research-oriented studies with practical experience in a retail context. The…

Near-surface wind pattern in regional climate projections over the broader Adriatic region

Science.gov (United States)

Belušić, Andreina; Telišman Prtenjak, Maja; Güttler, Ivan; Ban, Nikolina; Leutwyler, David; Schär, Christoph

2017-04-01

The Adriatic region is characterized by the complex coastline, strong topographic gradients and specific wind regimes. This represents excellent test area for the latest generation of the regional climate models (RCMs) applied over the European domain. The most famous wind along the Adriatic coast is bora, which due to its strength, has a strong impact on all types of human activities in the Adriatic region. The typical bora wind is a severe gusty downslope flow perpendicular to the mountains. Besides bora, in the Adriatic region, typical winds are sirocco (mostly during the wintertime) and sea/land breezes (dominantly in the warm part of the year) as a part of the regional Mediterranean wind system. Thus, it is substantial to determine future changes in the wind filed characteristics (e.g., changes in strength and frequencies). The first step was the evaluation of a suite of ten EURO- and MED-CORDEX models (at 50 km and 12.5 km resolution), and two additional high resolution models from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETHZ, at 12.5 km and 2.2. km resolution) in the present climate. These results provided a basis for the next step where wind field features, in an ensemble of RCMs forced by global climate models (GCMs) in historical and future runs are examined. Our aim is to determine the influence of the particular combination of RCMs and GCMs, horizontal resolution and emission scenario on the future changes in the near-surface wind field. The analysis reveals strong sensitivity of the simulated wind flow and its statistics to both season and location analyzed, to the horizontal resolution of the RCM and on the choice of the particular GCM that provides boundary conditions.

Intense air-sea exchanges and heavy orographic precipitation over Italy: The role of Adriatic sea surface temperature uncertainty

Science.gov (United States)

Stocchi, Paolo; Davolio, Silvio

2017-11-01

Strong and persistent low-level winds blowing over the Adriatic basin are often associated with intense precipitation events over Italy. Typically, in case of moist southeasterly wind (Sirocco), rainfall affects northeastern Italy and the Alpine chain, while with cold northeasterly currents (Bora) precipitations are localized along the eastern slopes of the Apennines and central Italy coastal areas. These events are favoured by intense air-sea interactions and it is reasonable to hypothesize that the Adriatic sea surface temperature (SST) can affect the amount and location of precipitation. High-resolution simulations of different Bora and Sirocco events leading to severe precipitation are performed using a convection-permitting model (MOLOCH). Sensitivity experiments varying the SST initialization field are performed with the aim of evaluating the impact of SST uncertainty on precipitation forecasts, which is a relevant topic for operational weather predictions, especially at local scales. Moreover, diagnostic tools to compute water vapour fluxes across the Italian coast and atmospheric water budget over the Adriatic Sea have been developed and applied in order to characterize the air mass that feeds the precipitating systems. Finally, the investigation of the processes through which the SST influences location and intensity of heavy precipitation allows to gain a better understanding on mechanisms conducive to severe weather in the Mediterranean area and in the Adriatic basin in particular. Results show that the effect of the Adriatic SST (uncertainty) on precipitation is complex and can vary considerably among different events. For both Bora and Sirocco events, SST does not influence markedly the atmospheric water budget or the degree of moistening of air that flows over the Adriatic Sea. SST mainly affects the stability of the atmospheric boundary layer, thus influencing the flow dynamics and the orographic flow regime, and in turn, the precipitation pattern.

Effects of aflatoxin b1 on liver, testis, and epididymis of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

They were obtained from the University of Nairobi and housed in a pig pen at Karen in Nairobi. Completely randomised design was used in the allocation of the animals to the control group and to three treatment groups, each group comprising three pigs. AFB1 was obtained from Bora Biotechnology Company in Nairobi ...

Nutrientes e propriedades funcionais em sementes de abóbora (Cucurbita maxima submetidas a diferentes processamentos Nutrients and functional properties in pumpkin seed (Cucurbita maxima submitted to different processings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciana de Paula Naves

2010-05-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência dos processamentos térmicos sobre os nutrientes e propriedades funcionais das sementes da abóbora Cucurbita maxima. As sementes foram, em quatro repetições, submetidas aos seguintes processamentos: utilizadas na forma crua; cozidas em água em ebulição por três tempos: 5, 10 e 15 minutos; e cozidas no vapor por 10 minutos. Posteriormente foram liofilizadas, trituradas e armazenadas em temperatura ambiente até a realização das análises de composição centesimal, minerais e propriedades funcionais. Não houve diferença significativa entre os processamentos para os níveis de proteína bruta, fibra alimentar, extrato etéreo, cinzas, S, P, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, solubilidade do nitrogênio (nos pH 4, 5 e 6, absorção de água e óleo, volume de espuma e estabilidade de emulsão. O cozimento em água em ebulição reduziu o teor de K. Todos os processamentos térmicos diminuíram os níveis de Mn e Fe. As sementes cruas apresentaram a maior solubilidade do nitrogênio nos pH 2, 3, 7, 8 e 9. Conclui-se que os processamentos acarretaram diferença significativa apenas nos teores de K, Mn, Fe e solubilidade do nitrogênio; e que as sementes apresentam potencial para serem incorporadas, provavelmente, em alimentos que requeiram elevada taxa de absorção de óleo.The objective of this paper was to verify the influence of the thermal processings on the nutrients and functional properties of the pumpkin seeds Cucurbita maxima. Seeds were, in four repetitions, submitted to the following processings: used in the raw form; cooked in boiling water for three times: 5, 10 and 15 minutes; and cooked in steam for 10 minutes. Thereafter were freeze-dried, grinded and stored at room temperature up to accomplishment of the analyses of centesimal composition, minerals and functional properties. There wasn't significant difference among the processings to the levels of crude protein, dietary fiber, ether

Boron mixing transients in a 900 MW PWR vessel for a reactor start-up operation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvarez, D.; Martin, A.; Schneider, J.P.

1995-01-01

In 1991 a R and D action, based on numerical simulations and experiments on PWRs'S primary coolant temperature or boron mixing capabilities, was initiated. This paper presents the test facility BORA-BORA (a 1/5th scaled mock-up of a 900 MW PWR vessel) and the Thermalhydraulic Finite Element Code N3S used for 3D calculations performed on the accurate geometry of the plant. As a validation test case of these experimental and numerical tools, we present the results obtained on the primary coolant mixing capabilities in the vessel with the three loops balanced in mass flow rate. The second part of this report deals with the mixing of a clear water plug in the vessel when a primary coolant pump start-up. The results are obtained in the mock-up in terms of boron concentration at the core inlet for several clear water plug volumes. The numerical results give the complete fluid flow and boron concentration patterns but comparisons were made at the core inlet. (author). 15 refs., 9 figs., 1 tab

(Zea mays L.) cultivars Maverik and Bora

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2009-10-05

Oct 5, 2009 ... management practices that can influence N dynamics of soil-plant system such as tillage and crop rotation with legume crops (Bremer and Kessel, ..... Crop rotation, resudue durability, and nitrogen fertilizer effects on winter ...

Dependence of M13 Major Coat Protein Oligomerization and Lateral Segregation of Bilayer Composition

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fernandes, F.; Loura, L.M.S.; Prieto, M.; Koehorst, R.B.M.; Spruijt, R.B.; Hemminga, M.A.

2003-01-01

M13 major coat protein was derivatized with BODIPY (n-(4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-yl)methyl iodoacetamide), and its aggregation was studied in 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and DOPC/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (DOPG) or

Sadhana | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Sadhana. Sunil Kumar. Articles written in Sadhana. Volume 30 Issue 1 February 2005 pp 21-46. Ion cyclotron resonance heating system on Aditya · D Bora Sunil Kumar Raj Singh S V Kulkarni A Mukherjee J P Singh Raguraj Singh S Dani A Patel Sai Kumar V George Y S S Srinivas P Khilar M Kushwah P ...

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 501 - 550 of 11090 ... Débora LR Pessoa, Maria SS Cartágenes, Sonia MF Freire, Marilene OR Borges, Antonio CR Borges. Vol 11, No 83 (2012), Acute ... PAB Sales, LAD Nicolau, JMG de Oliveira, MRSC de Souza, MH Chaves, FA de Amorim Carvalho, EPC Jr. Costa Sobrinho, APR Costa. Vol 4, No 9 (2005):, Acute ...

Sobre o condicionamento alimentar na cochonilha-branca, Planococcus citri (Risso (Hemiptera: pseudococcidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lenira Viana Costa Santa-Cecília

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Estudos do comportamento alimentar mediante a técnica de "Electrical Penetration Graphs" (EPG das cochonilhas-farinhentas (Pseudococcidae provenientes de um hospedeiro de criação alternativo têm mostrado que esses insetos não atingem ou demoram cerca de 9 horas para alcançar a fase floemática. Por outro lado, aqueles provenientes do hospedeiro-fonte atingem a fase floemática mais rapidamente e apresentam maior frequência de alimentação nos vasos crivados. Esses resultados indicam a presença do fenômeno de condicionamento alimentar, ainda não demonstrado em cochonilhas. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a existência desse fenômeno em Planococcus citri (Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae. Foram realizados testes de livre escolha, monitoramento eletrônico (EPG e estudos de alguns parâmetros biológicos. Em todos os experimentos, o cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L., os citros (Citrus sinensis L. e abóbora (Cucurbita maxima L. foram utilizados como substratos de criação (fonte da cochonilha, sendo os tratamentos constituídos pela combinação entre os hospedeiros-fonte e os hospedeiros receptores (café e citros. O teste de escolha entre cafeeiro e citros nas primeiras 72 horas mostrou que as cochonilhas criadas em cafeeiro apresentaram preferência pelo cafeeiro; aquelas originadas dos citros mostraram uma tendência, embora não significativa, em selecionar os citros em relação ao cafeeiro e aquelas criadas em abóbora não mostraram preferência por nenhum dos hospedeiros. Os estudos do comportamento alimentar mediante o monitoramento eletrônico (EPG mostraram que a fase floemática, considerada como a fase de aceitação do hospedeiro, foi mais frequente em cafeeiro, seja com cochonilhas oriundas deste substrato, seja de citros. Aqueles insetos mantidos em abóbora e transferidos para o cafeeiro ou citros apresentaram excepcionalmente ou não apresentaram nenhuma fase floemática, respectivamente. A

Benefits Of Mission Command: Balance Of Philosophy And System

Science.gov (United States)

2016-05-26

Seminar Leader Charles T. Lombardo, COL ___________________________________, Director, School of Advanced Military Studies Henry A. Arnold III...Battle of Tora Bora was convoluted. Hank Crumpton, Berntsen’s supervisor at the CIA recalls speaking to Berntsen daily and to the specific request...science of mission command in execution. It has expanded to fifteen total problems with thirteen recommended solutions being material based, while twenty

Radioisotopic methods of investigation in endocrinology. Radioizotopnye metody issledovaniya v endokrinologii

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Malenchenko, A F; Matveenko, E G; Livshits, I B; Seregin, V V; Spesivtseva, V G

1976-01-01

A description is given of research on iodine metabolism both under normal and pathological conditions employing the method of clinical dynamic radiometry. Possible uses of radioisotopes are indicated for evaluating the function of the parathyroid glands, the pancreas, and the pituitary-adrenal system. Data are given on the practical use of radio-immune, radio-receptor methods as well as the competitive bonding method for determining a number of hormonal and other biologically active metabolites and substances with low antigen activity in various pathological states both clinically and in experiments. The use of neutron-activation methods in biology and medicine is demonstrated. The book is intended for endocrinologists, biologists, and scientific associates interested in the study of the functional state of endocrine glands by radioisotopic methods. 46 figures, 16 tables.

Size and form of plots for the culture of the Italian pumpkin in plastic greenhouse Tamanho e forma de parcelas para a cultura da abóbora italiana cultivada em estufa plástica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Machado Mello

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Quality control is the guaranty that experimental error is kept under acceptable levels, and the definition of the proper size and form of experimental plots ensures acurate experimental planning. This paper aims to determine the proper plot size and shape for the culture of the Italian pumpkin in protected environments. Two experiments were set in plastic green house in distinct crop seasons: either Summer-Fall or Winter-Spring season. The experiment comprised eight, 23-m long lines with 20 plants each, and fruit weight was considered the main performance parameter. Estimates of best plots size and shape were obtained by the maximum curvature, variance comparison and Hatheway methods. The plot size and shape varied according to the season and the ideal size and shape, according to the maximum curvature and Hatheway methods, to the Summer-Fall and Winter-Spring seasons, were eight plants (4 ´ 2 plot and four plants (2 ´ 2 plot, respectively.Na experimentação é de fundamental importância o controle de qualidade, fazendo com que o erro experimental apresente-se em níveis aceitáveis e, uma das formas desse controle, é a definição do tamanho e forma ótimos de parcela, no planejamento experimental. Determinou-se o tamanho e a forma ideais de parcela, para a cultura da abóbora italiana, em experimentos realizados sob ambientes protegidos, avaliando-se o rendimento acumulado da fitomassa dos frutos. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em estufa plástica, modelo arco pampeano, durante o ano de 2001, em duas épocas de cultivo, um na estação sazonal verão-outono e outro na estação sazonal inverno-primavera. Os experimentos foram constituídos de oito fileiras de 20m de comprimento, sendo que, em cada uma delas, foram alocadas 20 plantas. As estimativas do tamanho e da forma de parcela foram obtidas pelos métodos da máxima curvatura, da comparação das variâncias e de Hatheway. As estimativas do tamanho e da forma da parcela variaram

Turing promise into performance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dove, L.

1991-01-01

This paper reports on the genesis and realization of the PT Kaltim Prima Coal Company's project to develop coal resources in East Kalimantan. It also presents ideas on the major challenges confronting KPC and the Indonesian coal industry. KPC has already begun commissioning the coal project at Sangatta, and on September 1, the Tangung Bora Coal Terminal will begin operating on a commercial basis

¿Cómo nos mira Débora Arango?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Sánchez

1996-01-01

Full Text Available ¿Cómo la miraban sus contemporáneos y cómo la miramos hoy; nosotros, gente de final del siglo y del milenio??? Tal parece una buena perspectiva para evaluar y dilucidar el sentido de su obra, hoy colgada en la Luis Ángel Arango. Inquietante en sus distintas significaciones de imágenes, formas, colores, materiales, interpelaciones. Polifónica por los caminos escogidos: el retrato, el desnudo, lo social, lo político. Figurativa y expresionista por la semántica de los lenguajes pictóricos. Realista crítica y testimonial por las tendencias conceptuales y de escuela en que se manifiesta su arte.

Semiannual Report to the Congress. April 1, 2010 - September 30, 2010

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

officer of gender discrimination and sexual harassment. The sergeant petitioned the promotion board and was subsequently promoted to staff...Qaeda’s hideout at Tora Bora in late 2001, crossed the border into Pakistan , and was arrested by local officials who turned him over to the DoD Criminal...requirements by 34 percent. Finally, battlefield weather airmen were assigned workplace facilities lacking required space and substandard facilities at one

Crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes pela abóbora híbrida tipo Tetsukabuto Growth and accumulation of nutrients in hybrid squash Tetsukabuto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sanzio Mollica Vidigal

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Um experimento foi conduzido em Jaíba (MG para avaliar o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes pela abóbora híbrida, cv. Suprema. As amostragens de plantas foram realizadas aos 28; 42; 56; 70; 84 e 98 dias após a semeadura (DAS para determinação da matéria seca das folhas, caule, flor, fruto e raiz. A planta teve lento crescimento até 56 DAS e a partir daí o crescimento intensificou-se até o final do ciclo. A produção total de matéria seca máxima ocorreu aos 89 DAS, atingindo 1.657,92 g planta-1. Os frutos acumularam mais matéria seca que outros órgãos da planta. A taxa de crescimento absoluto da planta e dos frutos foram 124,25 e 172,75 g planta-1 dia-1, aos 74 e 79 dias, respectivamente. A absorção de nutrientes seguiu o padrão da curva de acúmulo de matéria seca pelas plantas. O acúmulo de nutrientes foi reduzido nos primeiros 42 DAS, intensificando-se a partir daí, acumulando continuamente até o final do ciclo para N, S, Mg e os micronutrientes. O K foi o nutriente mais absorvido pela planta, seguido do N e Ca. A ordem de macronutrientes acumulados foi K>N>Ca>P>Mg>S e de micronutrientes foi Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu. Na colheita, aos 98 DAS, 69% da matéria seca alocou-se nos frutos, 19% nas folhas, 8% no caule, e o restante nas flores e raízes. Os nutrientes N, K, S e Cu acumularam-se preferencialmente nos frutos, enquanto o P, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe e Mn na parte vegetativa. Os frutos exportaram 51,0 kg ha-1 de N; 12,4 kg ha-1 de P; 61,4 kg ha-1 de K; 3,6 kg ha-1 de S; 8,8 kg ha-1 de Ca e 3,5 kg ha-1 de Mg, e 11,4 g ha-1 de Cu; 61,6 g ha-1 de Zn; 126,6 g ha-1 de Fe e 44,3 g ha-1 de Mn.An experiment was carried out at Jaíba, Northern Minas Gerais State, to evaluate the growth and accumulation of nutrients in hybrid squash cv. Suprema. The samplings of plants were taken at 28; 42; 56; 70; 84, and 98 days after the sowing (DAS for dry matter determination of leaves, stem, flower, fruit and root. The plants grew slowly up the 56 DAS

The modulation of enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase from dendritic cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus

OpenAIRE

Abram, D?bora Moitinho; Fernandes, Luis Gustavo Romani; Ramos Filho, Ant?nio Celso Saragossa; Simioni, Patr?cia Ucelli

2017-01-01

Débora Moitinho Abram,1 Luis Gustavo Romani Fernandes,1,2 Antônio Celso Saragossa Ramos Filho,2 Patrícia Ucelli Simioni2–4 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil; 2Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Americana, Americana, SP, Brazil; 3Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (...

La ciencia de vida escrita en las aves. Tercera parte: Feekaje “Pava” (Penelope jacquacu

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aniceto Nejedeka

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Texto bilingüe muinane-español sobre el ave feekaje, “pava” (Penelope jacquacu, elaborado por Aniceto Nejedeka a partir del conocimiento de los mayores de la etnia muinane. Este texto es la tercera parte de un libro que hemos venido publicando por fascículos, titulado La ciencia de vida escrita en las aves. El muinane es una lengua de la familia lingüística bora.

Behavioral interactions of simvastatin and fluoxetine in tests of anxiety and depression

OpenAIRE

Santos, Tainaê; Baungratz, Monaliza Marizete; Haskel, Suellen Priscila; de Lima, Daniela Delwing; da Cruz, Júlia Niehues; Magro, Débora Delwing Dal; da Cruz, José Geraldo Pereira

2012-01-01

Tainaê Santos,1 Monaliza Marizete Baungratz,1 Suellen Priscila Haskel,2 Daniela Delwing de Lima,3 Júlia Niehues da Cruz,4 Débora Delwing Dal Magro,5 José Geraldo Pereira da Cruz51Department of Medicine, 2Department of Physiotherapy, Regional University of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 3Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville Region, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 4Department of Medicine, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Santa C...

Use of Isotopes for Investigating the Behaviour and Ecology of Insect Pests in Some Recent Studies; Emploi des radioisotopes dans des recherches recentes sur le comportement et l'ecologie des insectes nuisibles; Ispol'zovanie radioizotopov dlya issledovaniya povedeniya i ehkologii nasekomykh-vreditelej v Irane; Empleo de isotopos en estudios recientes sobre el comportamiento y la ecologia de las plagas insectiles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Quraishi Sayeed, M. [Cento Institute of Nuclear Science, Teheran (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

1963-09-15

investigo el modo de alimentarse de las ninfas del primer estadio utilizando plantas de trigo activadas con {sup 32}P. Tambien se estudiaron otros alimentos marcados radiactivamente y se encontro que la alimentacion es esencial para la primera muda, aunque consiste solamente en agua embebida en un papel de filtro. (author) [Russian] Issledovaniya ehkologii, povedeniya, rasprostraneniya i sroka zhizni nasekomykh vsegda privlekali ehntomologov. Ispol'zovanie radioizotopov yavlyaetsya ehffektivnym orudiem issledovaniya; nizhe daetsya soobshchenie otnositel'no neskol'kikh interesnykh problem, razreshennykh s ikh pomoshch'yu. Anopheles Stephensi yavlyaetsya glavnym perenoschikom malyarii v yuzhnom Irane. Blagodarya ispol'zovaniyu mechennykh P{sup 32} komarov byli polucheny svedeniya otnositel'no ikh rasprostraneniya, povedeniya, usvoeniya imi krovi, sozrevaniya yaichnikov i prodolzhitel'nosti gonotroficheskikh tsiklov. Bylo ustanovleno, chto prblizitel'ko v 80% sluchaev dlya zaversheniya pervogo tsikla komaram trebovalos' dvazhdy krovyanoe pitanie. Sam pervyj tsikl zavershalsya v zavisimosti ot temperatury za chetyre ili pyat' sutok. Vyplodivshiesya za noch' mechenye komary vypuskalis' na svobodu v izolirovannoj derevne. Sootnoshenie mezhdu aktivnymi komarami i obshchim ikh ulovom ustavlivalos' kazhdyj den' i, pri uslovii neizmennosti prirodnoj populyatsii, opredelyalas' smertnost', prichem okazalos', chto ona v techenie pervykh shesti sutok yavlyalas' ehksponentnoj. Bylo izucheno takzhe brachnoe povedenie samok putem ispol'zovaniya normal'nykh samok, sparivavshikhsya v proshlom odin raz s mechennymi P{sup 32} samtsami. Bylo ustanovleno, chto samka sparivaetsya bolee odnogo raza i chto posle sparivaniya s aktivnym samtsom spermateka stanovitsya aktivnoj. Ispol'zuya samtsov, davavshikh 15 000 otschetov v minutu,byli polucheny schety, vdvoe prevyshavshie fonovye (12 schetov v minutu). Pri pomoshchi ispol'zovaniya mechennykh P{sup 32} komarov byli provedeny takzhe issledovaniya po

Joomɨ fíivo gaaja kaatɨi aame - La ciencia de vida escrita en las aves. Cuarta parte: Kɨɨñu “Gallineta” (Crypturellus undulatus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aniceto Nejedeka (Numeyɨ

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Texto bilingüe muinane-español sobre el ave kɨɨñu, “gallineta” (Crypturellus undulatus, elaborado por Aniceto Nejedeka a partir del conocimiento de los mayores de la etnia muinane. Este texto es la cuarta parte de un libro que hemos venido publicando por fascículos, titulado La ciencia de vida escrita en las aves. El muinane es una lengua de la familia lingüística bora.

La observación de la cotidianidad de la vida

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brus Rubio

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Después de intentar pintar los múltiples seres que pueblan la historia oral bora y uitoto de sus ancestros, Brus Rubio encontró en los gestos cotidianos de los hombres y las mujeres de su comunidad una técnica de observación y de producción de figuras en movimiento propia y adecuada para expresar su percepción de la historia de los pueblos del río Ampiyacu.

Disinfestation of Dried Figs by Gamma Radiation; Desinsectation des figues seches par les rayons gamma; Dezinfestatsiya sushenogo inzhira s pomoshch'yu gamma-izlucheniya'; Desinfestacion de higos secos mediante rayos gamma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Papadopoulou, C. P. [Department of Biology, Democritus Nuclear Research Centre, Aghia Paraskevi, Attica (Greece)

1963-09-15

efectuando investigaciones sobre la desinfestacion de los productos agricolas almacenados. En esas investigaciones se han utilizado recientemente con exito los rayos gamma. Los higos secos constituyen uno de los principales productos de exportacion de Grecia y los insectos ocasionan perdidas importantes. Las investigaciones tenian las siguientes finalidades: a) determinar las dosis de radiacion necesarias para destruir ciertas especies de insectos que atacan los higos en diversas fases de su desarrollo, o destruir sus huevos impidiendo asi que se reproduzcan; b) determinar las modificaciones fisicas y quimicas que las radiaciones producen en la contextura de los higos secos. Se han estudiado las especies siguientes: Plodia interpunctella, Ephestia cautella, Carpophilushemipterous, Oryzaephilus surinamensis y Lasioderma serricorne. En la memoria se estudian las dosis optimas de radiacion que no producen dafios aparentes en la contextura de los higos. (author) [Russian] V techenie mnogikh let provodyatsya issledovaniya to voprosam dezinfestatsii sel'skokhozyajstvennykh produktov v khranilishchakh. Nedavno gamma-izluchechie bylo uspeshno primeneno pri provedenii takikh issledovanij. Sushenyj inzhir sostavlyaet odin iz osnovnykh produktov ehksporta Gretsii. Ezhegodno nasekomye nanosyat ser'eznyj ushcherb ehtomu produktu. Tsel' issledovaniya: 1) opredelenie doz izlucheniya, neobkhodimykh dlya unichtozheniya nekotorykh vidov nasekomykh, porazhayushchikh sushenyj inzhir, na razlichnykh stadiyakh ikh razvitiya, i dlya unichtozheniya ikh yaits i predotvrashcheniya takim obrazom ikh razmnozheniya; i 2) opredelenie fiziko-khimicheskikh izmenenij tekstury sushenogo inzhira pod dejstviem izlucheniya. Issledovaniya provodilis' so sleduyushchimi vidami: Plodia Interpunctella, Ephestia coutella, Carpophilus hemipterous, Gryzaephllus surinamensis i Lasioderma serricorne. Obsuzhdayutsya neobkhodimye optimal'nye dozy. Pri ehtikh dozakh ne nablyudaetsya vidimogo narusheniya tekstury inzhira pod

Efeito do pré-tratamento osmótico com sacarose e cloreto de sódio sobre a secagem convectiva de abóbora Effect of osmotic pre-treatment with sucrose and sodium chloride on convective drying of pumpkin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabella Borin

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de pré-tratamentos osmóticos sobre a cinética de secagem de fatias de abóbora (Cucurbita moschata e sobre características sensoriais do produto seco, utilizando sacarose e NaCl como solutos. Condições de pré-tratamento foram selecionadas com base na relação perda de água/ganho de solutos e na limitação de conteúdo de sal no produto final. Amostras tratadas nas condições selecionadas (50% de sacarose; 47% de sacarose e 3% de NaCl; 40% de sacarose; 37% de sacarose e 3% de NaCl, p/p, 1 hora e amostras não tratadas foram secas com ar aquecido a 70 °C, 2 m/s. A cinética de secagem foi descrita pela Segunda Lei de Fick. Coeficientes de difusão efetivos de água foram determinados considerando-se a espessura inicial e a espessura média das fatias durante a secagem. As difusividades determinadas em amostras tratadas e não tratadas resultaram próximas quando a espessura média foi utilizada. Amostras tratadas apresentaram taxas de secagem maiores que amostras sem tratamento, mostrando que os pré-tratamentos melhoraram a eficiência do processo. Os tratamentos também melhoram a cor e a aparência geral das fatias secas, em relação às amostras sem tratamento.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of osmotic pre-treatments on the air-drying kinetics of sliced pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata and on the sensory quality of the dried pumpkin, using sucrose and NaCl as solutes. Pre-treatment conditions in osmotic solutions were selected based on the water loss/solute gain ratio and on the final salt content. Pre-treated samples in the selected conditions (50% sucrose; 47% sucrose and 3% NaCl; 40% sucrose; 37% sucrose and 3% NaCl, w/w, 1 hour and non-treated samples were dried at 70 °C, 2 m/s. The drying kinetics was described according to Fick's Second Law. Effective diffusion coefficients were determined considering the initial thickness and the average thickness of the

The aesthetics, historic, autobiographical and publishing style of Petro Marko in the novel “One night and two daysprings” and “Interview with himself"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fatjona Memi

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Autobiography is a personal literary genre. There are not only real facts from the life of an individual, but also fantasy. This paper analyses the existence of aesthetics, historic, autobiographical and publishing style at the novel “One night and two daysprings” and “Interview with himself ” from Petro Marko. The aim of this paper is to point out the similarities of these two works in several areas and to show the talent of Petro Marko in using autobiographical data that show his creative consciousness. He uses several elements like: narrative, the game with calendar time, etc., to create the link between real and imaginary facts. His novel bears conflicts, political issues, social and vital such as fascism and anti-fascist forces, imprisonment, poverty etc. “One night and two daysprings”/”Night of Ustika”, proved these facts not only for Albanians but for all peoples of Europe and the world. His realistic characters embody certain social psychology and characteristics of Albanian mentality. Such are: Gori Gjinleka (Hasta la vista, Andrea Bora (Night of Ustika/One night and two day-springs, Leka Gura (Last City, which stand for human living tempers, especially in relation to love. This peper analyses facts that show similarity in the life of the author Petro Marko and the character Andrew Bora. Some of them are: their profession as a writer, imprisonment in Ustika etc.

Bebida à base de flocos de abóbora com inulina: características prebióticas e aceitabilidade Drink based on pumpkin flakes containing insulin: prebiotic characteristics and acceptability

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karina Correia da Silveira

2008-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Formular bebida para crianças de 4 a 6 anos, à base de flocos de abóbora adicionada de inulina, e caracterizá-la quanto ao valor nutricional, à aceitação e ao efeito prebiótico. MÉTODOS: O valor nutricional da bebida foi avaliado por meio de análise da umidade, de proteínas, lipídeos, cinzas, fibra alimentar, carboidratos e carotenóides. As características microbiológicas foram avaliadas por meio de análises de coliformes a 35ºC e a 45ºC, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella ssp, Bacillus cereus, de contagem padrão de aeróbios, bolores e leveduras. A aceitabilidade foi determinada por testes sensoriais, aplicados em duas creches da região metropolitana do Recife (PE, o efeito prebiótico foi avaliado por fermentação in vitro, em meio diferencial para bactérias homefermentativas e heterofermentativas-Ágar, e as análises de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, foram avaliadas por cromatografia a gás. RESULTADOS: Os resultados físico-químicos demonstram que as formulações pouco diferiram quanto à composição centesimal e que a ingestão 200mL/dia contribui, em média, com 10,8%, 36,0%, 10,2%, 12,6%, 37,1% e 126,4% da Recomendação de Ingestão Diária de energia, proteínas, carboidratos, lipídeos, fibra alimentar e carotenóides, respectivamente. Os resultados microbiológicos comprovaram a inocuidade do produto; os sensoriais que as formulações obtiveram uma aceitação em torno de 70% e os dados da avaliação do efeito prebiótico sugerem maior estudo sobre o tema. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados permitem concluir que as formulações são nutricionalmente adequadas para pequenas refeições de crianças de 4 a 6 anos, pois, além de prevenir a carência de vitamina A apresentam indícios de efeitos prebióticos.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to formulate a drink for kids aging from 4 to 6 years based on pumpkin seeds and with insulin, and characterize the drink regarding its nutritional value

Prirodna baština otoka Mljeta – temelj razvoja zdravstvenog turizma

OpenAIRE

Nodilo, Marija

2012-01-01

Otok Mljet poznat je po svojoj prirodnoj baštini: morskim jezerima, šumama crnike i alepskog bora, blatinama, klifovitim obalama, pješčanim uvalama, špiljama, bogatstvu mora i podmorja, prirodnim lukama, izvorima pitke vode, endemičnim i ljekovitim biljkama. Šume i vegetacija sačuvane su zahvaljujući svijesti o nužnosti zaštite ovog prirodnog krajolika, koji ostavlja snažan dojam na posjetitelja. Stoga je prostor jedne trećine otoka Mljeta 1960. proglašen Nacionalnim parkom, pa su na taj n...

Los Anhingidae (Aves: Suliformes) del Neógeno de América del Sur: sistemática, filogenia y paleobiología

OpenAIRE

Diederle, Juan M.

2015-01-01

Los Anhingidae están integrados por aves acuáticas conocidas vulgarmente como anhingas o biguá-víboras (darters o snakebirds en inglés), incluidas en el orden Suliformes. Estas aves llegan a pesar de 1,05-1,81 kg y no tienen dimorfismo sexual en tamaño. Son buenas voladoras y se caracterizan por alternar planeos prolongados y utilizar corrientes termales de aire ascendentes para elevarse. En tierra caminan torpemente, mientras que en el agua pueden nadar y bucear hábilmente propulsadas por su...

Borostannylation of Alkynes and Enynes. Scope and Limitations of the Reaction and Utility of the Adducts

Science.gov (United States)

Singidi, Ramakrishna Reddy; RajanBabu, T. V.

2010-01-01

The utility of the bis-metallating reagent 1,3-dimethyl-2-trimethylstannyl-2-bora-1,3-diazacyclopentane (1) has not been fully realized because of the hydrolytic instability of the products derived from catalyzed vicinal syn-additions to alkynes. The isolation of variety of such adducts derived from alkynes (and also from hitherto unreported additions to 1,3-enynes) as stable boron pinacolates is reported. Examples of the applications of resulting products in tandem cross-coupling reactions and as dienes in Diels-Alder reactions are illustrated. PMID:20459076

Drugi pored mene. Antologija priča i eseja pisaca Jugoistočne Evrope (anthologie éditée par Ričard Švarc

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pieter Troch

2009-02-01

Full Text Available L’anthologie Drugi pored mene… (L’Autre à côté de moi. Anthologie de nouvelles et d’essais d’écrivains de l’Europe du sud-est comprend vingt et une nouvelles et essais écrits par des auteurs contemporains serbes (David Albahari, Vladimir Arsenijević, László Végel, Charles Simic, Biljana Srbljanović, Dragan Velikić, kosovars (Beqë Cufaj, croates (Slavenka Drakulić, Bora Ćosić, Miljenko Jergović, Irena Vrkljan, bulgares (Dimitré Dinev, Vladimir Zarev, bosniaques (Aleksandar Hemon, Saša Sta...

Crescimento e estado nutricional de abóbora híbrida em função de adubação orgânica e mineral Nutritional state of hybrid squash as a function of organic compost and mineral fertilizer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natan F. Silva

1999-11-01

Full Text Available Foi conduzido um ensaio em estufa com cobertura plástica, em Viçosa, MG, com finalidade de avaliar a resposta da abóbora híbrida, cv. Tetsukabuto, a cinco doses (0, 25, 50, 100 e 150 g.dm-3 de composto orgânico produzido com resíduos de suínos e bagaço de cana em três níveis (0, 1 e 2 de adubação mineral (AM. No nível 1 da adubação mineral foram adicionados, em mg.dm-3 de substrato, os elementos: 150 de P; 50 de N; 75 de K; 20 de S; 58,5 de Ca; 14 de Mg; 0,5 de B; 0,5 de Cu; 1 de Zn e 0,1 de Mo. No nível 2 adicionou-se o dobro das doses dos nutrientes aplicadas no nível 1. O experimento foi em fatorial 5 x 3, e os tratamentos distribuídos em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Cada parcela foi constituída por um vaso contendo 10 dm³ de substrato, com uma planta cada. Após 36 dias da semeadura, o composto orgânico e o adubo mineral propiciaram aumentos da área foliar, da matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas e aumentos dos teores de P, K e S e redução dos teores de N, Mg, e Ca na matéria seca do limbo foliar.An experiment was carried out in a plastic greenhouse, in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil, to evaluate the response of hybrid squash cv. Tetsukabuto to five rates (0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 g/dm³ of organic compost combined with three levels (0, 1 and 2 of mineral fertilizer. At level 1 of mineral fertilizer the following nutrients were added in mg per dm³ of substrate: 150 of P; 50 of N; 75 of K; 20 of S; 58.5 of Ca; 14 of Mg; 0.5 of B; 0.5 of Cu; 1 of Zn and 0.1 of Mo. At level 2, a double of the quantities applied at level 1 were added. The experiment was laid out as a 5 x 3 factorial arrangement, and the treatments randomly distributed in blocks, with four repetitions. Each sample comprised a pot containing 10 dm³ of substrate and a single plant. Thirty six days after planting the organic compost and mineral fertilizer resulted in increases in leaf area, dry weight of aerial parts, and P, K and S content

Paganismo, denuncia y sátira en Débora Arango

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santiago Londoño Vélez

1985-06-01

Full Text Available Hasta el cuarto decenio del siglo, la pintura colombiana representó desnudos femeninos con poca frecuencia. Cuando lo hizo, fue para ilustrar propósitos moralizantes, como lo muestran dos ejemplares significativos: La mujer del levita, pintada por Epifanio Garay (1849-1903, y La última copa, de Francisco Antonio Cano (1865-1935. Hasta entonces los desnudos femeninos carecían de facciones precisas e incluso ocultaban el rostro; los cuerpos se presentaban generalmente en escorzo y la ausencia del vello púbico les confería un pretendido tono de inocencia y pudor cuyo contrapunto era la cuidadosa y sensual modelación ejercida por la luz sobre la piel.

Ozhirenie sredi bol'nykh, obrativshikhsya za meditsinskoy pomoshch'yu (dannye krupnogo otechestvennogo epidemiologicheskogo issledovaniya

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Research objective: to study obesity among 10541 patients in therapeutic, neurologik and cardiologikal practices in 29 cities of the Russian Federation from St.-Petersburg to Vladivostok (COMPASS program. All patients are divided on two groups: with obesity (average BMI=33,7+4,1 kg/m2, and without this disease (average BMI=24,4+3,0 kg/m2. Groups were compared under demographic characteristics; features of a medical route; somatic and mental state. 20% from all patients in mentioned practices in various cities of Russia have obesity. Patients with obesity are predominantly women (middle age 54,0+12,0 year. For these patients low social and economic status (with low educational level, absence of employment, loneliness etc. are characteristic. Patients with obesity are more often observe in cardiological practice. They suffer from cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The hypothesis about obesity formation within mental disorders (depression, food addiction - dependence on food is presented. Possibility of treatment of patients with the help of sibutramine is discussed.

Studies in the History of Astronomy. Issue 32 %t Istoriko-Astronomicheskie Issledovaniya. Vypusk XXXII

Science.gov (United States)

Idlis, G. M.

This collection contains papers covering a wide scope of problems in the history of astronomy. Its basic headlines are: Cosmology and cosmogony of the 20th century; History of observations and astronomical organizations; Scientists and their works; Astronomy and society; Publications and memoirs; Astronomy and astrology; Memory of scientists

Qualidade pós-colheita de tomates 'Débora' com utilização de diferentes coberturas comestíveis e temperaturas de armazenamento Quality of 'Debora' tomato using different edible coatings and storage temperatures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcela Chiumarelli

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Este estudo visou avaliar o efeito de diferentes coberturas comestíveis sobre a qualidade pós-colheita do tomate de mesa cv. Débora. Foram utilizadas as seguintes coberturas: cera de carnaúba Fruit Wax H2 (18%, emulsão de resinas Fruit Wax M-AC (18% e cera de carnaúba Megh Wax ECF-124 (18%; tomates sem cera serviram de controle. Foram utilizados 40 frutos por tratamento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Após a limpeza e aplicação das ceras, os frutos foram armazenados a 12,5°C e 25°C e 90% de umidade relativa. Análises para perda de massa fresca (%, coloração e qualidade foram realizadas durante quinze dias. No final do período de armazenagem, os frutos foram avaliados quanto à firmeza, pH, concentração de sólidos solúveis, vitamina C e acidez. Foi realizada também análise sensorial para frutos armazenados nas duas diferentes temperaturas. O tratamento com Megh Wax ECF-124 proporcionou menor perda de massa e frutos mais firmes em ambas as temperaturas. Tomates tratados com Fruit Wax M-AC e Megh Wax ECF-124 apresentaram maior porcentagem de frutos apropriados ao consumo. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos quanto à coloração e análises químicas, exceto para os frutos cobertos com Fruit Wax M-AC, que apresentaram menor teor de vitamina C em ambas as temperaturas e maior pH a 25°C. As ceras Fruit Wax M-AC e Megh Wax ECF-124 não interferiram no sabor e no odor dos frutos. A aplicação de cera contribui para uma diminuição na perda de massa e decréscimo no número de frutos descartados devido a danos físicos e podridões, sendo que Megh Wax ECF-124 é mais eficiente na manutenção da qualidade de tomates de mesa.This study aimed at evaluating the effect of edible coatings on tomato cv. Debora post-harvest quality. The following waxing emulsions were used: wax of carnauba Fruit Wax H2 (18%, emulsion of resins Fruit Wax M-AC (18% and wax of carnauba Megh Wax ECF-124 (18%; tomatoes without

Training tomorrow's global health leaders: applying a transtheoretical model to identify behavior change stages within an intervention for health leadership development.

Science.gov (United States)

Daniels, Joseph; Farquhar, Carey; Nathanson, Neal; Mashalla, Yohana; Petracca, Frances; Desmond, Michelle; Green, Wendy; Davies, Luke; O'Malley, Gabrielle

2014-12-01

Training health professionals in leadership and management skills is a key component of health systems strengthening in low-resource settings. The importance of evaluating the effectiveness of these programs has received increased attention over the past several years, although such evaluations continue to pose significant challenges. This article presents evaluation data from the pilot year of the Afya Bora Fellowship, an African-based training program to increase the leadership capacity of health professionals. Firstly, we describe the goals of the Afya Bora Fellowship. Then, we present an adaptation of the transtheoretical model for behavior change called the Health Leadership Development Model, as an analytical lens to identify and describe evidence of individual leadership behavior change among training participants during and shortly after the pilot year of the program. The Health Leadership Development Model includes the following: pre-contemplation (status quo), contemplation (testing and internalizing leadership), preparation - (moving toward leadership), action (leadership in action), and maintenance (effecting organizational change). We used data from surveys, in-depth interviews, journal entries and course evaluations as data points to populate the Health Leadership Development Model. In the short term, fellows demonstrated increased leadership development during and shortly after the intervention and reflected the contemplation, preparation and action stages of the Health Leadership Development Model. However, expanded interventions and/or additional time may be needed to support behavior change toward the maintenance stages. We conclude that the Health Leadership Development Model is useful for informing health leadership training design and evaluation to contribute to sustainable health organizational change. © The Author(s) 2014.

Microplate-based high throughput screening procedure for the isolation of lipid-rich marine microalgae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pereira Hugo

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract We describe a new selection method based on BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene staining, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS and microplate-based isolation of lipid-rich microalgae from an environmental sample. Our results show that direct sorting onto solid medium upon FACS can save about 3 weeks during the scale-up process as compared with the growth of the same cultures in liquid medium. This approach enabled us to isolate a biodiverse collection of several axenic and unialgal cultures of different phyla.

Movilidad transnacional de jóvenes españoles y latinoamericanos: una comparación en contextos de crisis

OpenAIRE

Cortés Maisonave, Almudena; Moncó Rebollo, Beatriz; Betrisey Nadali, Débora

2015-01-01

La publicación “Movilidad Transnacional de Jóvenes españoles y latinoamericanos: una comparación en contextos de crisis”, es el resultado del proyecto de investigación realizado por el Equipo de Investigación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid integrado por Almudena Cortés, Beatriz Moncó y Débora Betrisey, tras obtener financiación en la primera convocatoria competitiva de las Ayudas a la Investigación del Centro Reina Sofía sobre Adolescencia y Juventud en el año 2014. Este trabajo se c...

Maintenance of the quality of fresh-cut products made up of pumpkin, carrot, chayote, and arracacha (peruvian carrot)

OpenAIRE

Alves, Juliana Alvarenga; Vilas Boas, Eduardo Valério de Barros; Vilas Boas, Brígida Monteiro; Souza, Éllen Cristina de

2010-01-01

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de produto minimamente processado, à base de quatro hortaliças - abóbora, cenoura, chuchu e mandioquinha-salsa, armazenado a 5 ºC por 8 dias. Observou-se que os teores de umidade, fibra, proteína, cinza e fração glicídica das quatro hortaliças não foram afetados pelo tempo de armazenamento, entretanto o teor de extrato etéreo aumentou. Durante o armazenamento, o teor de vitamina C e de acidez titulável diminuiu em todas as hortaliças. O teor d...

Intelligent Acquisition System Used in Mechanical Laboratory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rob Raluca

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The main purpose of this paper consists in determining of the parameters which characterize the functioning of the Teves MK 60 as an ABS-ESP braking laboratory stand. This braking system model is used by the Volkswagen Golf and Bora the since 2002. The braking laboratory stand is able to simulate many operations which are able to give information concerning the ABS-ESP braking system comparing to the classical braking system. An application designed in LabVIEW comes to acquire and to process in real time the electrical signals generated by the Teves MK 60 laboratory stand.

Assessment of current effect on waves in a semi-enclosed basin

Science.gov (United States)

Benetazzo, A.; Carniel, S.; Sclavo, M.; Bergamasco, A.

2012-04-01

The wave-current interaction process in the semi-enclosed Adriatic Sea is studied using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system, which is used to exchange data fields between the ocean model ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) and the wave model SWAN (Simulating WAves Nearshore). The 2-way data transfer between circulation and wave models is synchronous with ROMS providing current fields, free surface elevation, and bathymetry to SWAN. In particular, the 3-D current profiles are averaged using a formulation that integrates the near-surface velocity over a depth controlled by the spectral mean wave number. This coupling procedure is carried out up to coastal areas by means of an offline grid nesting. The parent grid covers the whole Adriatic Sea and has a horizontal resolution of 2.0 km, whereas the child grid resolution increases to 0.5 km but it is limited to the northern Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Venice), where the current effect on waves is investigated. The most frequent winds blowing on the Adriatic Sea are the so-called Bora and Sirocco which cause high waves in the Adriatic Sea, although Bora waves are generally fetch-limited. In fact, Bora winds blow orthogonal to the main basin axis (approximately aligned with the NW-SE direction), while Sirocco has large spatial scale being a southeasterly wind. For the numerical simulations, the meteorological forcings are provided by the operational meteorological model COSMO-I7, which is the Italian version of the COSMO Model, a mesoscale model developed in the framework of the COSMO Consortium. During the analysis period, the simulated wind, current and wave are compared with observations at the ISMAR oceanographic tower located off the Venice littoral. Wave heights and sea surface winds are also compared with satellite-derived data. To account for the variability of sea states during a storm, the expected maximum individual wave height in a sea storm with a given history is also

Interactions of "bora-penicilloates" with serine β-lactamases and DD-peptidases.

Science.gov (United States)

Dzhekieva, Liudmila; Adediran, S A; Pratt, R F

2014-10-21

Specific boronic acids are generally powerful tetrahedral intermediate/transition state analogue inhibitors of serine amidohydrolases. This group of enzymes includes bacterial β-lactamases and DD-peptidases where there has been considerable development of boronic acid inhibitors. This paper describes the synthesis, determination of the inhibitory activity, and analysis of the results from two α-(2-thiazolidinyl) boronic acids that are closer analogues of particular tetrahedral intermediates involved in β-lactamase and DD-peptidase catalysis than those previously described. One of them, 2-[1-(dihydroxyboranyl)(2-phenylacetamido)methyl]-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, is a direct analogue of the deacylation tetrahedral intermediates of these enzymes. These compounds are micromolar inhibitors of class C β-lactamases but, very unexpectedly, not inhibitors of class A β-lactamases. We rationalize the latter result on the basis of a new mechanism of boronic acid inhibition of the class A enzymes. A stable inhibitory complex is not accessible because of the instability of an intermediate on its pathway of formation. The new boronic acids also do not inhibit bacterial DD-peptidases (penicillin-binding proteins). This result strongly supports a central feature of a previously proposed mechanism of action of β-lactam antibiotics, where deacylation of β-lactam-derived acyl-enzymes is not possible because of unfavorable steric interactions.

Study of dinosaur's egg shell by EPR method; Issledovaniya metodom EhPR skorlupy yaits dinozavrov

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tleuberdina, R A; Nasirov, R N

1998-07-01

Two varieties of calcium carbonate are defined on base of ESR spectra radiation-inducted signals containing in mollusc shell and dinosaur and ostrich egg shell; their spectral characters are studied by infrared-spectroscopy methods and X-ray analysis. Possibility of correlation between ESR signals intensity of CO{sub 2}-radical of investigated object and geological age is determined. (author)

An ambipolar BODIPY derivative for a white exciplex OLED and cholesteric liquid crystal laser toward multifunctional devices

OpenAIRE

Chapran, Marian; Angioni, Enrico; Findlay, Neil J.; Breig, Benjamin; Cherpk, Vladyslav; Stakhira, Pavlo; Tuttle, Tell; Volyniuk, Dmytro; Grazulevicius, Juozas V.; Nastishin, Yuriy A.; Lavrentovich, Oleg D.; Skabara, Peter J.

2017-01-01

A new interface engineering method is demonstrated for the preparation of an efficient white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) by embedding an ultrathin layer of the novel ambipolar red emissive compound 4,4-difluoro-2,6-di(4-hexylthiopen-2-yl)-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (bThBODIPY) in the exciplex formation region. The compound shows a hole and electron mobility of 3.3 × 10–4 and 2 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively, at electric fields higher than 5.3 × 105 V cm–1. ...

Requeima do tomateiro: Severidade e perdas em diferentes cultivares em sistema orgânico de produção

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Antonio dos Santos

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Tendo em vista os danos causados pela requeima (Phytophthora infestans ao tomateiro e as dificuldades de manejo desta doença em sistemas orgânicos de produção, objetivou-se quantificar o progresso da doença e a produção de dez cultivares de tomateiro em condições de campo em sistema orgânico. Avaliaram-se oito cultivares mais dois padrões, Débora Plus e Perinha Água Branca (PAB, suscetível e resistente à doença, respectivamente. Quantificou-se a severidade da doença em dez avaliações e calcularam-se as áreas abaixo das curvas de progresso da requeima (AACPR. A produção foi aferida em seis colheitas e com base nestas determinaram-se produtividade, número e massa fresca média dos frutos e a sua qualidade comercial. Adotou-se delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os híbridos Lumi, Serato, Dominador e Forty apresentaram AACPR significativamente superiores ao padrão Débora Plus (579,27, enquanto Mascot foi equivalente estatisticamente a este. Menor AACPR foi observada em Santa Clara, Kada e Jumbo (183,50 a 250,56 que não diferiram do padrão resistente, PAB (14,74. A produtividade, total e comercial, de Lumi, Serato, Forty e Dominador foi equivalente ou inferior à de cultivares mais antigas, como Kada, e de cultivares do grupo cereja, como Mascot e PAB. A cultivar PAB, apesar da menor produtividade total (0,69 kg.planta-1, apresentou produtividade comercial (0,65 kg.planta-1 equivalente ou superior ao da maioria das cultivares (0,32 a 0,67 kg.planta-1. Os híbridos Lumi, Serato, Dominador e Forty são altamente suscetíveis a requeima e podem ter sua produtividade severamente comprometida pela doença em sistemas orgânicos. Tomato late blight: Severity and losses in different cultivars in organic systemAbstract: In view of the damage caused by late blight (Phytophthora infestans  on tomato and the difficulties in controlling this disease in organic systems, it was aimed quantify their progress and

Produção de abobora sob diferentes níveis de água salina e doses de nitrogênio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Max Venicius Teixeira da Silva

2014-07-01

Full Text Available 800x600 O Rio Grande do Norte é um tradicional produtor de abóboras, conhecidas na região como jerimum caboclo e de leite. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da salinidade água de irrigação e diferentes doses de nitrogênio na produtividade da abobora. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 5 x 3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos dos cinco níveis de salinidade (0,5, 1,5, 2,5, 3,5 e 4,5 dS m-1, e três níveis de nitrogênio: N1 = 27,37; N2 = 91,25 e N3 = 155,12 kg ha-1 correspondente a 30%, 100% e 170%, da recomendação de nitrogênio, respectivamente.Verificou-se redução do número de frutos e massa média dos frutos para produtividade  total, enquanto para produção comercial, apenas para número de frutos comerciais. para produção comercial, a resposta ao N foi mais pronunciada para os menores níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação, a adubação nitrogenada afetou significativamente os componentes de produção da abóbora, exceto a massa média dos frutos totais e comerciais e a dose N2=100% proporcionou rendimento e número de frutos por planta próximo do máximo Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE Desenvolvimento da broca-das-cucurbitáceas em diferentes tipos de substratos alimentares Development of melonworm on different feeding substrates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dirceu Pratissoli

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Aspectos biológicos de Diaphania nitidalis foram estudados sob dietas natural e artificial em condições de laboratório, à temperatura de 25±1ºC, umidade relativa de 70±10% e fotofase de 14 horas. Como dieta natural foi utilizada abóbora 'Jacaré', pepino 'Japonês' e abobrinha 'Caserta' e, como artificial, a dieta utilizada em criações de Diatraea saccharalis, broca da cana-de-açúcar. As lagartas de D. nitidalis foram inoculadas nos diferentes tipos de substratos e criadas por todo o ciclo. Ocorreu diferença significativa entre a maioria dos parâmetros testados dentro dos tratamentos, sendo as dietas à base de abóbora e artificial as que proporcionaram maior potencial biótico para criação de D. nitidalis. Pela facilidade de aquisição dos ingredientes e manipulação dos insetos, a dieta artificial se torna mais eficaz para criação massal dessa espécie em laboratório.The aim of this research was to evaluate the biological behaviour of melonworm at different natural and artificial diet under laboratory conditions (25ºC, 70% RH, 14 h photofase. Squash 'Jacaré', cucumber 'Japonês' and zucchini 'Caserta' were used as natural substrates compared to na artificial diet developed for the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis. The caterpillars were inoculated in each substrate and reared for a full cycle. The biological parameters were different among treatments. An artificial diet and squash cv. Jacaré substrate showed higher performance for the multiplication of D. nitidalis. The artificial diet is recommended because it is easy to obtain the ingredients and nultiply this insect under laboratory conditions.

The systematic value of the leaf indumentum in Lobostemon (Bora­ginaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. H. Buys

2005-08-01

Full Text Available The character states pertinent to the indumentum of Lobostemon Lehm. leaves are tabulated and discussed. Lobostemon possesses similar trichome and indumentum types as described for Echium L.. with the exception of the ‘Alpine’ indumentum type. Due to the environmentally induced variation, the leaf indumentum characters of Lobostemon are viewed to be of limited phylogenetic value, although they do diagnose a number of taxa.

Western Amazonian Ateleutina (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santiago Bordera

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Ateleutina is a small subtribe of Cryptinae (Ichneumonidae composed of two genera: Ateleute Förster and Tamaulipeca Kasparyan. Neither of the genera includes species described from South America. In this article five new species of Ateleute (A. ashaninka sp. n. and A. amarakaeri from Peru, A. shuar sp. n. from Ecuador and Peru, and A. huaorani sp. n. and A. kichua sp. n. from Ecuador and three new species of Tamaulipeca (T. bora sp. n. from Ecuador and Peru, T. candoshi sp. n. from Ecuador and T. matses sp. n. from Peru are described and illustrated from Western Amazonia. Identification keys to the known South American species of the genera are provided.

Contribuição das folhas cotiledonares para o crescimento e estabelecimento de plântulas de cucurbitáceas Cotyledonary leaf contribution for growth and establishment of cucurbit seedlings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dilson Antônio Bisognin

2004-06-01

Full Text Available As cucurbitáceas apresentam germinação epigeal, cujos cotilédones têm a dupla função de fornecer substâncias de reserva e fotoassimilados para o crescimento e o estabelecimento da plântula. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o nível de dependência de plântulas de abóbora híbrida (Cucurbita maxima x C. moschata, melancia (Citrullus lanatus, pepino (Cucumis sativus e porongo (Lagenaria siceraria em relação às folhas cotiledonares para o crescimento e estabelecimento inicial. Foi efetuada a remoção de um ou dois cotilédones aos 3; 6; 9 e 12 dias após a emergência (DAE, comparando-se o crescimento das plântulas com o de plântulas controle (sem remoção. O crescimento inicial foi avaliado a cada três dias, da emergência até 21 DAE, determinando-se a taxa de expansão das folhas cotiledonares, o período de tempo até a equivalência entre área foliar e cotiledonar e a produção de matéria seca. A abóbora apresentou a maior taxa de expansão das folhas cotiledonares, o menor período até a emissão e expansão das folhas verdadeiras e a maior produção de matéria seca. As plântulas de abóbora e pepino apresentaram a maior dependência em relação às folhas cotiledonares. Os resultados obtidos mostram que danos às folhas cotiledonares, dependendo da espécie, da intensidade e da idade da plântula, podem afetar drasticamente o crescimento inicial e o estabelecimento das plântulas, com reflexos evidentes no rendimento de frutos em cucurbitáceas.Cucurbit species have epigeal cotyledons adapted for both storage and photoassimilation functions. Seedling dependence on cotyledonary leaves for initial growth and establishment was quantified for hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima x C. moschata, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus, cucumber (Cucumis sativus, and bottlegourd (Lagenaria siceraria. One or both cotyledons were excised at 3; 6; 9; and 12 days after emergence (DAE and initial growth was compared to control

MISIR ÇEŞİTLERİNDE FARKLI VİGOR TESTLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

OpenAIRE

TEZCAN, Hatice

2008-01-01

Arastırma laboratuar ve tarla kosulları olmak üzere iki asamada 2007-2008 yıllarındayürütülmüstür. Denemede materyal olarak; ülkemizde üretimi yapılan Karaçay, Side,Maverik, Mitic, Bora, Sele, Shemal, RX 770 ve RX 9292 at disi mısır çesitlerikullanılmıstır.Laboratuar asamasında, mısır çesitlerine standart çimlenme testi ve soguk test,kompleks stres vigor testi, çim büyüme oran testi ve iletkenlik testi olmak üzere dörtfarklı vigor testi uygulanmıstır. Tarla denemesi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraa...

MESTIÇAGEM À BRASILEIRA: O ESTIGMA DO MESTIÇO NA LITERATURA NACIONAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Débora de Souza França

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Débora de Souza França DOI: 10.12957/periferia.2013.15321O presente artigo pretende analisar os aspectos da obra de Erving Goffman acerca do conceito de estigma, que se encontra presente na sociedade brasileira sob muitas formas. Como foco principal deste trabalho, pretende-se analisar o estigma da mestiçagem incorporado à nossa sociedade desde nosso mito fundador, em que se dá a união de três raças principais (negra, branca e indígena. Para essa efetiva análise, refletiremos com base nos textos literários desde o Romantismo (século XVIII até o Modernismo da Semana Nacional de Arte Moderna, no século XX.

Sobre o condicionamento alimentar na cochonilha-branca, Planococcus citri (Risso (Hemiptera: pseudococcidae Regarding to host conditioning in citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso (Hemiptera: pseudococcidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lenira Viana Costa Santa-Cecília

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Estudos do comportamento alimentar mediante a técnica de "Electrical Penetration Graphs" (EPG das cochonilhas-farinhentas (Pseudococcidae provenientes de um hospedeiro de criação alternativo têm mostrado que esses insetos não atingem ou demoram cerca de 9 horas para alcançar a fase floemática. Por outro lado, aqueles provenientes do hospedeiro-fonte atingem a fase floemática mais rapidamente e apresentam maior frequência de alimentação nos vasos crivados. Esses resultados indicam a presença do fenômeno de condicionamento alimentar, ainda não demonstrado em cochonilhas. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a existência desse fenômeno em Planococcus citri (Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae. Foram realizados testes de livre escolha, monitoramento eletrônico (EPG e estudos de alguns parâmetros biológicos. Em todos os experimentos, o cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L., os citros (Citrus sinensis L. e abóbora (Cucurbita maxima L. foram utilizados como substratos de criação (fonte da cochonilha, sendo os tratamentos constituídos pela combinação entre os hospedeiros-fonte e os hospedeiros receptores (café e citros. O teste de escolha entre cafeeiro e citros nas primeiras 72 horas mostrou que as cochonilhas criadas em cafeeiro apresentaram preferência pelo cafeeiro; aquelas originadas dos citros mostraram uma tendência, embora não significativa, em selecionar os citros em relação ao cafeeiro e aquelas criadas em abóbora não mostraram preferência por nenhum dos hospedeiros. Os estudos do comportamento alimentar mediante o monitoramento eletrônico (EPG mostraram que a fase floemática, considerada como a fase de aceitação do hospedeiro, foi mais frequente em cafeeiro, seja com cochonilhas oriundas deste substrato, seja de citros. Aqueles insetos mantidos em abóbora e transferidos para o cafeeiro ou citros apresentaram excepcionalmente ou não apresentaram nenhuma fase floemática, respectivamente. A

Avaliação da qualidade de tomate seco em conserva Evaluation of quality of dried tomato

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gisele A. Camargo

2007-10-01

Full Text Available O tomate seco em conserva é alvo de crescente aceitação no mercado brasileiro; sua utilização é comum em aperitivos e na culinária como ingrediente de molhos e pizzas. Avaliou-se, neste trabalho o efeito dos seguintes fatores na qualidade do tomate seco: variedade de tomate (Rio Grande e Débora Plus, geometria de corte (pedaços de ½ e ¼ com relação ao eixo maior do fruto, presença ou ausência de sementes e teor de umidade final (25 e 35%, mediante análises instrumentais de cor e textura e testes sensoriais afetivos. Os resultados mostraram que a variedade Rio Grande apresentou melhor mastigabilidade e dureza, porém maior suscetibilidade ao escurecimento após o processo de secagem. De forma geral, a preferência dos consumidores foi por tomates secos com 35% de umidade final, enquanto a melhor qualidade final foi obtida a partir do tratamento com a variedade Rio Grande e umidade final de 35%.Preserved dried tomato has been gaining increasing acceptance in the Brazilian market, its use being common in appetizers and also in the cooking, as an ingredient of sauces and pizzas. The effect of the following factors on the quality of dried tomato was evaluated: variety of tomato (Rio Grande and Débora Plus, geometry of pieces (½ and ¼ to the fruit major axis, presence or absence of seeds and final moisture content (25 and 35% by means of instrumental texture, and color analysis and sensorial affective tests. The results showed that the variety Rio Grande presented better physical parameters but was more susceptible to darkness. Generally, the consumers preferred dried tomatoes at 35% moisture content. The best final quality of dried tomato was obtained from the treatment performed with Rio Grande variety and 35% final moisture content.

Radioisotopes in the physical chemistry of corrosion processes and their inhibition; Les radioisotopes dans la chimie physique des processus de corrosion et de leur inhibition; Primenenie radioizotopov v fizicheskoj khimii protsessov korrozii i ikh tormozheniya; Los radioisotopos en la quimica fisica de los procesos de corrosion y de inhibicion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cartledge, G H [Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1962-03-15

periodico, es particularmente adecuado para algunos de estos estudios. Las ventajas do este elemento estriban, en sus propiedades nucleares. La memoria resume las propiedades quimicas de los compuestos de tecnecio y las compara con las de los compuestos correspondientes de {sup 51}Cr, de molibdeno y de wolframio, que con tanta frecuencia se emplean en el estudio de la inhibicion. La memoria describe seguidamente ciertos estudios experimentales como ejemplo de los usos a que se ha destinado el tecnecio en los trabajos de este tipo. Entre ellos menciona estudios empiricos de su accion como eficaz inhibidor de la corrosion del hierro, y observaciones de la actividad de superficie realizadas durante periodos largos de tiempo. Otros estudios efectuados con {sup 99}Tc y con {sup 131}I han demostrado la importancia de la adsorcion competitiva de iones en la determinacion de la cinetica de los procesos de corrosion y de inhibicion. Como tercer ejemplo, describe como las propiedades excepcionales del tecnecio han permitido distinguir claramente las contribuciones relativas del oxigeno de las del inhibidor oxidante en el mantenimiento de la pasividad. (author) [Russian] Sredi faktorov, vkhodyashchikh v fundamental'noe izuchenie ehlektrokhimicheskikh protsessov korrozii i tormozheniya, vydelyayutsya v chastnosti sleduyushchie: a) razlichnye vidy adsorbtsionnykh yavlenij; b) ionoobmennye svojstva passivnykh plenok; c) ehlektrokhimicheskaya kinetika kak anodnykh, tak i katodnykh protsessov, proiskhodyashchikh mezhdu metallom i korrozijnoj sredoj. Teper' pri pomoshchi radioizotopov mozhno provesti nekotorye issledovaniya ehtikh yavlyaenij, kotorye nevozmozhno osushchestvit' obychnymi sredstvami. Tekhnetsij, gomolog margantsa v periodicheskoj sisteme, okazalsya ves'ma podkhodyashchim dlya nekotorykh ehtikh issledovanij. Ego yadernye svojstva krajne interesny u ehtom otnoshenii. V doklade kratko izlagayutsya khimicheskie svojstva soedinenij tekhnetsiya, protivopostavlennye svojstvam

Kristalizacione karakteristike i sinterabilnost prahova lantan-stroncijum-boratnih stakala

OpenAIRE

Smiljanić, Sonja V.

2017-01-01

Predmet ove doktorske disertacije je ispitvanje kristalizacionog ponašanja i sinterabilnosti boratnih stakala iz sistema La2O3-SrO-B2O3, o čemu postoji ograničen broj podataka u literaturi. Preliminarna ispitivanja su obuhvatala dobijanje 4 različita sastava ovog sistema, tako što se sadržaj lantana povećavao na račun stroncijuma, dok je sadržaj bora bio konstantan: 5,7La2O3·22,9SrO·71,4B2O3; 9,5La2O3·19,1SrO·71,4B2O3; 14,3La2O3·14,3SrO·71,4B2O3 i 19,1La2O3·9,5SrO·71,4B2O3. ...

Organic and conventional tomato cropping systems Sistemas de cultivo orgânico e convencional de tomateiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wagner Bettiol

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Among several alternative agricultural systems have been developed, organic agriculture has deserved increasing interest from. The objective of this paper was comparing both organic (OS and conventional (CS tomato cropping systems for varieties Débora and Santa Clara, through an interdisciplinary study. The experiment was set up in a randomized blocks design with six replicates, in a dystrophic Ultisol plots measuring 25 ´ 17 m. Cropping procedures followed by either local conventional or organic growers practices recommendations. Fertilization in the OS was done with organic compost, single superphosphate, dolomitic limes (5L, 60 g, and 60 g per pit, and sprayed twice a week with biofertilizer. Fertilization in the CS was done with 200 g 4-14-8 (NPK per pit and, after planting, 30 g N, 33 g K and 10.5 g P per pit; from 52 days after planting forth, plants were sprayed once a week with foliar fertilizer. In the CS, a blend of insecticides, fungicides and miticides was sprayed twice a week, after planting. In the OS, extracts of black pepper, garlic, and Eucalyptus; Bordeaux mixture, and biofertilizer, were applied twice a week to control diseases and pests. Tomato spotted wilt was the most important disease in the OS, resulting in smaller plant development, number of flower clusters and yield. In the CS, the disease was kept under control, and the population of thrips, the virus vector, occurred at lower levels than in the OS. Variety Santa Clara presented greater incidence of the viral disease, and for this reason had a poorer performance than 'Débora', especially in the OS. Occurrence of Liriomyza spp. was significantly smaller in the OS, possibly because of the greater frequency of Chrysoperla. The CS had smaller incidence of leaf spots caused by Septoria lycopersici and Xanthomonas vesicatoria. However, early blight and fruit rot caused by Alternaria solani occurred in larger numbers. No differences were observed with regard to the

Investigation of biological material for metallic poisoning by the fractional method. Issledovaniya biologicheskogo materiala na metallicheskiya yady drobnym metodom

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krylova, A.N.

1975-01-01

A fractional method is developed for analysis of biological material for the presence of toxic quantities of Pb, Hg, Ba, Mn, Cr, Ag, Cu, Sb, Tl, As, Bi, Cd and Zn. The method satisfies the requirements of medical forensic toxicology. (Ref. Zh.)

Rendimento comercial do tomateiro em resposta à salinização ocasionada pela fertigação em ambiente protegido Commercial yield of tomato in response to salinization caused by fertigation under greenhouse conditions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Waleska M. Eloi

2011-05-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento comercial da cultura do tomate em resposta a diferentes níveis de salinidade e manejo da fertigação sob ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em duas etapas, sendo a primeira desenvolvida no Laboratório de Solos e a segunda realizada em ambiente protegido, ambos localizados no Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas da ESALQ/USP, em Piracicaba. A primeira etapa consistiu de testes preliminares que possibilitaram a construção de curvas de salinização artificial, visando a salinização artificial do solo; na segunda etapa, conduziu-se a cultura utilizando-se seis níveis de salinidade inicial do solo e dois tipos de manejo. Observou-se que o aumento da salinidade do solo reduziu o rendimento comercial da cultura. Para valores de condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação (CEes acima de 3,17 dS m-1, a produção relativa decresce 11,79% por aumento unitário da CEes. A cultivar de tomate Débora Plus apresentou maior tolerância à salinidade do que o encontrado na literatura (2,5 dS m-1.The objective of this study was to evaluate tomato crop and its commercial yield in response to different salinity levels and management of fertigation under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in two stages, being the first realized in the Laboratory of Soils and second accomplished in plastic greenhouse, both located in Department of Biosystems Engineering of ESALQ/USP, in Piracicaba, Brazil. The first stage consisted of preliminary tests that made possible the construction of curves of soil salinization, for artificial salinization of the soil. In the second stage the effect of six levels of soil salinity and two types of crop management were studied. The increase of the soil salinity reduced the commercial crop yield. For values of electrical conductivity of the saturation extract over 3.17 dS m-1, production decreases by 11.79% per unit increase. "Débora Plus

Global health leadership training in resource-limited settings: a collaborative approach by academic institutions and local health care programs in Uganda.

Science.gov (United States)

Nakanjako, Damalie; Namagala, Elizabeth; Semeere, Aggrey; Kigozi, Joanitor; Sempa, Joseph; Ddamulira, John Bosco; Katamba, Achilles; Biraro, Sam; Naikoba, Sarah; Mashalla, Yohana; Farquhar, Carey; Sewankambo, Nelson

2015-11-18

Due to a limited health workforce, many health care providers in Africa must take on health leadership roles with minimal formal training in leadership. Hence, the need to equip health care providers with practical skills required to lead high-impact health care programs. In Uganda, the Afya Bora Global Health Leadership Fellowship is implemented through the Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS) and her partner institutions. Lessons learned from the program, presented in this paper, may guide development of in-service training opportunities to enhance leadership skills of health workers in resource-limited settings. The Afya Bora Consortium, a consortium of four African and four U.S. academic institutions, offers 1-year global health leadership-training opportunities for nurses and doctors. Applications are received and vetted internationally by members of the consortium institutions in Botswana, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and the USA. Fellows have 3 months of didactic modules and 9 months of mentored field attachment with 80% time dedicated to fellowship activities. Fellows' projects and experiences, documented during weekly mentor-fellow meetings and monthly mentoring team meetings, were compiled and analyzed manually using pre-determined themes to assess the effect of the program on fellows' daily leadership opportunities. Between January 2011 and January 2015, 15 Ugandan fellows (nine doctors and six nurses) participated in the program. Each fellow received 8 weeks of didactic modules held at one of the African partner institutions and three online modules to enhance fellows' foundation in leadership, communication, monitoring and evaluation, health informatics, research methodology, grant writing, implementation science, and responsible conduct of research. In addition, fellows embarked on innovative projects that covered a wide spectrum of global health challenges including critical analysis of policy formulation and review processes

Screening of the antimalarial activity of plants of the Cucurbitaceae family

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cláudia Zuany Amorim

1991-01-01

Full Text Available Crude ethanolic extracts (CEEs from two species of Cucurbitaceae, Cucurbita maxima and Momordica charantia (commonly called "abóbora moranga" and melão de São Caetano", respectively were assayed for antimalarial activity by the 4-d suppressive test. The CEE of dry C. maxima seeds showed strong antimalarial activity following oral administration (259 and 500 mg/kg, reducing by 50% the levels of parasistemia in Plasmodium berghey-infected mice. Treatment of normal animals with 500 mg/Kg of the extract three days before intravenous injection of P. berghei caused a significant 30% reduction in parasitemic levels. No effect was observed when the animals were treated with the CEE only on the day of inoculation. Oral administration of the CEE of dry M. charantia leaves adminstered orally was ineffective up to 500 mg/Kg in lowering the parasitemic levels of malarious mice.

Aleksandr Dugin’s transformation from a lunatic fringe figure into a mainstream political publicist, 1980–1998: A case study in the rise of late and post-Soviet Russian fascism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andreas Umland

2010-07-01

Biographical sketch: CertTransl (Leipzig, MA (Stanford, MPhil (Oxford, DipPolSci, DrPhil (FU Berlin, PhD (Cambridge. Visiting fellow at Stanford’s Hoover Institution in 1997–1999, and Harvard’s Weatherhead Center in 2001–2002. Bosch visiting lecturer at Yekaterinburg’s Urals State University in 1999–2001, and Kyiv’s Mohyla Academy in 2003/2005. In January-December 2004, temporary lecturer in Russian and East European studies at St. Antony’s College Oxford. In 2005–2008, German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD Lecturer Kyiv’s Shevchenko University. Papers in Problems of Post-Communism, East European Jewish Affairs, Osteuropa, Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Politicheskie issledovaniya, European Political Science, Political Studies Review, The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Voprosy filosofii, Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost’, Forum für osteuropäische Ideen- und Zeitgeschichte, Ab Imperio and other journals. Editor of The Implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights in Russia: Philosophical, Legal und Empirical Studies (Stuttgart: Ibidem 2004, Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Hochschullehre in Osteuropa. Vols. 1, 2, 3 & 4 (Frankfurt a.M. u.a.: Peter Lang 2005, 2006, 2007 & 2009, and, with Roger Griffin and Werner Loh, Fascism Past and Present, West and East: An International Debate on Concepts and Cases in the Comparative Study of the Extreme Right. With an afterword by Walter Laqueur (Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verlag 2006.

Radioactive rare earths from fallout for study of particle movement in the sea; Etude du mouvement des particules dans la mer a l'aide de terres rares radioactives provenant de retombees; Ispol'zovanie osazhdayushchikhsya pri vypadenii radioaktivnykh redkikh zemel' dlya issledovaniya dvizheniya chastits v more; Estudio del movimiento de las particulas en el mar con ayuda de tierras raras radiactivas procedentes de las precipitaciones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sugihara, Thomas T [Clark University, Worcester, MA (United States); Bowen, Vaughan T [Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA (United States)

1962-01-15

'interpreter les resultats de cette etude dans le cadre general de la geochimie marine des cations trivalente, et de mettre en evidence les aspects particuliers et l'utilite generale de cet essai d'utilisation des retombees comme indicateurs. (author) [Spanish] En el marco de un vasto estudio sobre la distribucion en el oceano Atlantico de los raclionuclidos de periodo largo procedentes de precipitaciones radiactivas, se han efectuado numerosas mediciones de la concentracion del cerio-144 y del promecio-147. Una comporacion de las variaciones horizontales y verticales de estas concentraciones con las concentraciones del estroncio-90, que fueron medidas al mismo tiempo, demuestra que las tierras rasas suelen abundar menos en las aguas superficiales que los nuclidos que se sabe son solubles. Esta observacion, unida al hecho de que se ha observado a menudo un enriquecimiento de las aguas profundas en tierras raras, permite afirmar que esos elementos experimentan un rapido transporte vertical al fijarse a particulas en vias de sedimentacion. Esta hipotesis es perfectamente compatible con el comportamiento ''radiocoloidal'' caracteristico de las tierras raras al pH del agua de mar. En la memoria se procura interpretar este estudio en el contexto de las propiedades generales de los cationes trivalentes en geoquimica marina; asimismo, se ponen de manifiesto los aspectos caracteristicos y la utilidad general de este ensayo de utilizacion de las precipitaciones como indicadores radiactivos. (author) [Russian] V kachestve chasti podrobnogo issledovaniya raspredeleniya dolgozhivushchikh radioizotopov, osevshikh pri vypadenii v Atlanticheskom okeane, bylo prodelano znachitel'noe chislo zamerov kontsentratsii tseriya-144 i prometiya-147. Sopostavlenie ehtikh kontsentratsij po mere ikh izmeneniya kak v gorizontal'nom, tak i v verti-kal'nom napravleniyakh s odnovremenno zamerennymi kontsentratsiyami strontsiya-90 pokazyvaet, chto redkie zemli nakhodyatsya obychno v men'shikh kolichestvakh na

Otsenka effektivnosti standartizovannogo lecheniya i nablyudeniya bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom v Sankt-Peterburge: rezul'taty mnogotsentrovogo otkrytogo kontroliruemogo randomizirovannogo issledovaniya

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alsu Gafurovna Zalevskaya

2001-12-01

Full Text Available Цель. Оценка эффективности внедрения алгоритмов лечения больных СД в условиях сложившейся системы медицинской помощи пациентам в Санкт-Петербурге (программа "Диастандарт". Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 50 больных диабетом 1 типа (СД1 и 60 пациентов с СД 2 типа (СД2. Согласно процедуре рандомизации центров пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: основная ? лечение по алгоритмам "Диастандарта" - 80 больных; контрольная ? "традиционное" наблюдение больных диспансерной группы ? 30 больных. Лечение пациентов основной группы регламентировалось разработанными алгоритмами терапии СД "Диастандарт". Период включения продолжался с ноября 1999 г. по январь 2000 г. Продолжительность исследования 6 мес. Результаты. Гликемия натощак и после еды в обеих группах достоверно не различалась, уровень HbAl в основной группе был выше, чем в контрольной (8,3 и 7,8. Средний уровень АД по группам был удовлетворительным. В обеих группах получено достоверное снижение постпрандиальной гликемии и гликемии натощак. Тяжелых гипогликемии отмечено не было. Динамика уровня HbAl в группах свидетельствовала об улучшении состояния углеводного обмена у больных, получавших лечение по алгоритмам "Диастандарта", в то время как у пациентов контрольной группы таких изменений не было. Не было выявлено статистически значимых изменений индекса массы тела, биохимических показателей, случаев прогрессирования диабетической ретинопатии. При СД1 интенсивность наблюдения больных, получавших лечение по алгоритмам "Диастандарта", оказалась выше, чем в контрольной группе (7,3 визита/1 больной/6 мес. и 5,2 визита/1 больной/6 мес. У больных СД2, получавших традиционную терапию, наблюдение было более интенсивным: в основной группе ? 6,8 визита/1 больной/6 мес , в контрольной ? 7,6 визита/1 больной/6 мес. Наибольшее снижение гликемии в обеих группах произошло в первые 3 мес. лечения. Выводы. В данной работе эффективность "традиционной" тактики ведения больных СД на амбулаторном этапе сравнивали с лечением по алгоритмам (стандартизованное лечение в открытом исследовании с рандомизацией центров. Показано преимущество стандартизованного лечения перед традиционным подходом, которое выражалось в положительной динамике уровня НвА1 в этой группе по сравнению с контрольной. Стандартизованное лечение не сопровождается существенной интенсификацией наблюдения. Улучшение показателей углеводного обмена при применении алгоритмов лечения не сопровождается значимым увеличением дозы инсулина и пероральных сахароснижающих препаратов. Целесообразно внедрение стандартизованного лечения в клиническую практику с предварительной адаптацией к местным условиям.

Antioxidant and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl Free Radical Scavenging Activities of New the Calix[4]arene-bodipy Derivative

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. ERDEM

2014-07-01

Full Text Available p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene was synthesized with the condesation reaction of p-tert-butylphenol and formaldehyde in basic conditions and then has derivatized from the both of two hydroxyl position with chloride which is containing donor oxygen atoms. BODIPY compound (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene was synthesized with appropriate pyrrole and aldehyde compounds and then was bonded p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene derivative via lower rim hydroxyl groups.The antioxidant activity of the calix[4]arene-BODIPY compound were determined using β-karotene-linoleic acid system. Moreover, the free radical scavenging activity values were tested with DPPH free radical. The compound showed strong antioxidant activity.Total antioxidant activity of the compound was determined using β–carotenelinoleic acid model system and was found the antioxidant activity of 72,50%. The free radical scavenging activities were determined as 75.19%. Results show that, calix[4]arene-BODIPY compound has the antioxidant activity. 

Esthetic smile rehabilitation of anterior teeth by treatment with biomimetic restorative materials: a case report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gouveia TH

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Thayla Hellen Nunes Gouveia, Jéssica Dias Theobaldo, Waldemir Francisco Vieira-Junior, Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima, Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil Background: In daily clinical practice, esthetics of anterior teeth is a common presenting complaint of patients.Objective: This case report discusses the management of asymmetric smile associated with unsatisfactory extensive composite restorations and describes a clinical protocol using the direct composite resin for smile enhancement to restore the dental harmony of anterior teeth.Methods: The treatment planning was based on a diagnostic wax-up and cosmetic mock-up. After clinical and patient approvals were obtained, the patient was subjected to direct and indirect restorative treatment.Conclusion: Nanocomposites are an effective alternative for anterior teeth restorations. Additionally, good planning enables satisfactory esthetic results, leading to the correction of an inappropriate axial inclination of incisors. Keywords: composite, adhesive, smile, esthetic, restoration

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF LAVANDULA X INTERMEDIA EMERIC EX LOISEL (LAMIACEAE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. E. Paliy

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Data about qualitative and quantitative composition of biologically active substances (volatile and phenolic compounds in water- ethanol extract of Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel (Lamiaceae cv. ‘Bora’ bred in Nikitsky Botanical Garden are presented in the article. Concentration of volatile compounds in Lavandin extract was 398 mg/dm3 and 51 components were identified. Main volatiles in Lavandin cv. «Bora» extract were linalyl acetate (36,9% and linalool (33,5%. Content of phenolic compounds in water- ethanol extract of Lavandin was 945 mg/dm3 and 14 components were found out. Among the variety of Lavandin cv. ‘Bora’ phenolic compounds luteolin-7-O-glycoside and п-coumaric acid are predominated. The conclusion about possible use of Lavandin cv. ‘Bora’ for creation of food, cosmetic, therapeutic and preventive products is made.

Mesoproterozoic evolution of the Rio de la Plata Craton in Uruguay: at the heart of Rodinia?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gaucher, Claudio; Frei, Robert; Chemale, Farid

2011-01-01

Mesoproterozoic volcanosedimentary units and tectonic events occurring in the Ri´o de la Plata Craton (RPC) are reviewed. A belt consisting of volcanosedimentary successions exhibiting greenschist-facies metamorphism is exposed in the eastern RPC (Nico Pe´rez Terrane) in Uruguay. The Parque UTE...... and top, and Conophyton-bearing limestones and massive dolostones in the middle. A U–Pb LA-ICP MS zircon age of 1,433 ± 6 Ma is reported here for lapilli-tuffs at the base of the Mina Verdu´n Group (Cerro de las Vi´boras Formation). This age shows that the Mina Verdu´n Group immediately postdates...... the Sarandi´ del Yi´ megashear. We report a U–Pb LA-ICP MS zircon age (upper intercept) of 3,096 ± 45 Ma for metatonalites of the La China Complex (Nico Pe´rez Terrane), which yield a lower intercept age of 1,252 Ma. A proto-Andean, Mesoproterozoic belt is envisaged to account for abundant Mesoproterozoic...

Plantio direto de mamona 'IAC 80' com culturas alimentares No tillage of castor bean 'IAC 80' with food crops

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Carlos Pries Devide

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o desempenho da mamona 'IAC 80' cultivada em fileiras duplas, no espaçamento 4,0 x (1,0 x 1,0 m em plantio direto na palha da aveia branca; consorciada com culturas alimentares. O cereal foi utilizado para a produção de grãos (1.375 kg ha-1 e cobertura do solo (1.593 kg ha-1 MS; ciclagem de 35 kg K ha-1. Os consortes foram semeados nas entrelinhas duplas de mamona (Ma: Ma + milho; Ma + feijão; Ma + milho + feijão e Ma + milho + abóbora. Apesar de suscetível ao mofo cinzento, a IAC 80 produziu 1.060 kg ha-1 de grãos; do milho foram colhidas 22.542 espigas verdes ha-1 (5.333 kg ha-1 significando um aporte de 3,15 t ha-1 MS (39 kg N ha-1; 58 kg K ha-1. A abóbora e o feijão não produziram colheitas comerciais. O sistema contendo aveia, mamona e milho, apresentou produtividade satisfatória, contribuindo para a produção de bioenergia com segurança alimentar e conservação ambiental.The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of castor bean 'IAC 80' grown in double rows spaced at 4.0 x (1.0 x 1.0 m in no-tillage in the white oat straw, intercropped with food crops. The cereal was used for grain production (1375 kg ha-1 and soil coverage (1593 kg ha-1 MS; cycling of 35 kg K ha-1. The associated cultivation was double seeded between the lines of castor beans (Ma: Ma + corn, beans + Ma, Ma + beans and maize corn Ma + pumpkin. The cv. IAC 80, though susceptible to gray mold, produced 1060 kg ha-1 grain; corn ears were harvested with 22.542 ha-1 (5.333 kg ha-1, meaning an input of 3.15 t ha-1 MS (39 kg N ha-1, 58 kg K ha-1. Pumpkin and bean crops did not yield commercial crops. The system containing oats, castor beans, and corn yielded satisfactory and contributed to the production of bioenergy with food security and environmental conservation.

Levels of insecticide resistance to deltamethrin, malathion, and temephos, and associated mechanisms in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from the Guadeloupe and Saint Martin islands (French West Indies).

Science.gov (United States)

Goindin, Daniella; Delannay, Christelle; Gelasse, Andric; Ramdini, Cédric; Gaude, Thierry; Faucon, Frédéric; David, Jean-Philippe; Gustave, Joël; Vega-Rua, Anubis; Fouque, Florence

2017-02-10

In the Guadeloupe and Saint Martin islands, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the only recognized vectors of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. For around 40 years, malathion was used as a mosquito adulticide and temephos as a larvicide. Since the European Union banned the use of these two insecticide molecules in the first decade of the 21st century, deltamethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis are the remaining adulticide and larvicide, respectively, used in Guadeloupe. In order to improve the management of vector control activities in Guadeloupe and Saint Martin, we investigated Ae. aegypti resistance to and mechanisms associated with deltamethrin, malathion, and temephos. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected from six different localities of Guadeloupe and Saint Martin. Larvae were used for malathion and temephos bioassays, and adult mosquitoes for deltamethrin bioassays, following World Health Organization recommendations. Knockdown resistance (Kdr) genotyping for V1016I and F1534C mutations, and expression levels of eight enzymes involved in detoxification mechanisms were examined in comparison with the susceptible reference Bora Bora strain. Resistance ratios (RR 50 ) calculated for Ae. aegypti larvae showed high resistance levels to temephos (from 8.9 to 33.1-fold) and low resistance levels to malathion (from 1.7 to 4.4-fold). Adult females displayed moderate resistance levels to deltamethrin regarding the time necessary to affect 50% of individuals, varying from 8.0 to 28.1-fold. Molecular investigations on adult mosquitoes showed high resistant allele frequencies for V1016I and F1534C (from 85 to 96% and from 90 to 98%, respectively), as well as an overexpression of the glutathione S-transferase gene, GSTe2, the carboxylesterase CCEae3a, and the cytochrome genes 014614, CYP6BB2, CYP6M11, and CYP9J23. Ae. aegypti populations from Guadeloupe and Saint Martin exhibit multiple resistance to organophosphates (temephos and malathion), and

Autoras contemporáneas en la historieta española. Revisión de la etiqueta ‘cómic femenino’

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cortijo, Adela

2011-09-01

Full Text Available This article, whose title is so generic, does not intend to be an exhaustive and historiographic list of women authoring contemporary Spanish comics. A priori, the deficiencies of the global label “woman comic” are questioned and the representative work of a group of draftswomen and scriptwriters is shown, since the 1980 decade (Madriz, El Cairo and El Víbora to nowadays publications: Laura Pérez-Vernetti, Ana Juan, Ana Miralles, Sonia Pulido and Clara- Tanit. These authors are linked by a generational bond and offer a series of sights, paintstrokes, subjects and diverse plastic styles. The woman production phenomenon is observed along with its reception in ad hoc-collections published by some publishing houses through retrospectives, symposium and exhibitions which are still alerting about the so needed visibility. At the same time, both the atraction and the tendency towards the drawing art and equally the links between comic made by women and the concept related to the author comic, literature and egotistic tales are studied too.

Este artículo, de título tan genérico, no pretende ser un listado exhaustivo e historiográfico de autoras de historieta contemporánea española. En esta aproximación se cuestionan a priori las deficiencias de la etiqueta global de “cómic femenino”, y se muestra el trabajo representativo de una serie de dibujantes y guionistas mujeres, desde los años ochenta (desde Madriz, El Cairo y El Víbora hasta la actualidad: Laura Pérez-Vernetti, Ana Juan, Ana Miralles, Sonia Pulido y Clara-Tanit. Autoras que se hilvanan en un hilo generacional y que ofrecen una explosión de miradas, de trazos, temas y estilos plásticos distintos. Se observa el fenómeno de la producción femenina y su recepción a través de colecciones ad hoc de algunas casas de edición, de retrospectivas, coloquios y exposiciones, que siguen alertando de la necesidad de una visibilidad

Esputos de papel. La historieta ‘underground’ española

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dopico, Pablo

2011-09-01

Full Text Available To know the origin and development of contemporary Spanish comic, we get into the suburbs of visual culture to discover the history of Spanish underground comics. A comic with which, thanks to the relative freedom of expression offered, the counterculture found a versatile vehicle that could express themselves without problems, becoming a new form of social protest and claim it offers an invaluable testimony to the Spanish reality, superior to that afforded other contemporary arts. The text examines the main features, aesthetic aspects and new language of Spanish comix, discovering the main authors (Ceesepe, Gallardo, Mariscal, Max and Nazario, series (Makoki, The Garriris, Gustavo, Anarcoma,... and magazines (El Rrollo Enmascarado, Star, La Piraña Divina, Butifarra!, Los Tebeos del Rrollo, Rock Comix, El Víbora,…, and showing its connection with other arts, as painting, cinema and photography, not to mention its relationship to the world of drugs and rock music.

Para conocer el origen y desarrollo de la historieta española contemporánea, debemos adentrarnos en los suburbios de la cultura visual. Así descubriremos la historia del cómic underground español. Un cómic donde, gracias a la relativa libertad de expresión que ofrecía, la contracultura encontró un vehículo versátil con el que podía expresarse sin trabas, convirtiéndose en una nueva forma de protesta y reivindicación social que ofreció un impagable testimonio de la realidad española, superior al que ofrecen otras artes coetáneas. El artículo analiza las principales características, aspectos estéticos y novedades lingüísticas del comix español, descubriendo sus principales autores (Ceesepe, Gallardo, Mariscal, Max y Nazario, series (Makoki, Los Garriris, Gustavo, Anarcoma,… y revistas (El Rrollo Enmascarado, Star, La Piraña Divina, Butifarra!, Los Tebeos del Rrollo, Rock Comix, El Víbora,…, y mostrando su

On the use of the hybrid causal logic method in offshore risk analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roed, Willy; Mosleh, Ali; Vinnem, Jan Erik; Aven, Terje

2009-01-01

In the Norwegian offshore oil and gas industry risk analyses have been used to provide decision support for more than 20 years. The focus has traditionally been on the planning phase, but during the last years a need for better risk analysis methods for the operational phase has been identified. Such methods should take human and organizational factors into consideration in a more explicit way than the traditional risk analysis methods do. Recently, a framework, called hybrid causal logic (HCL), has been developed based on traditional risk analysis tools combined with Bayesian belief networks (BBNs), using the aviation industry as a case. This paper reviews this framework and discusses its applicability for the offshore industry, and the relationship to existing research projects, such as the barrier and operational risk analysis project (BORA). The paper also addresses specific features of the framework and suggests a new approach for the probability assignment process. This approach simplifies the assignment process considerably without loosing the flexibility that is needed to properly reflect the phenomena being studied

Conjugated Polymers Containing BODIPY and Fluorene Units for Sensitive Detection of CN− Ions: Site-Selective Synthesis, Photo-Physical and Electrochemical Properties

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tian He

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Conjugated polymers containing distinct molecular units are expected to be very interesting because of their unique properties endowed by these units and the formed conjugated polymers. Herein, four new conjugated copolymers based on fluorene and 4,4’-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY have been designed and synthesized via Sonogashira polymerization. The fluorene unit was attached to the 3,5- or 2,6-positions of BODIPY by ethynylenes or p-diacetylenebenzene. The obtained polymers show good thermal stability and broad absorption in the wavelength range from 300 to 750 nm. The effects of site-selective copolymerization and conjugation length along the polymer backbone on the optoelectronic and electrochemical properties of these copolymers were systematically studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL and cyclic voltammetry. Besides, it is found that the BODIPY-based copolymers exhibit selectively sensitive responses to cyanide anions, resulting in obvious change of UV-Vis absorption spectra and significant fluorescence quenching of the polymers among various common anions.

3-[Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino]-5-(4-carboxyphenyl-BODIPY as Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Cu2+

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Akira Hafuka

2018-05-01

Full Text Available We developed an asymmetric fluorescent sensor 1 for Cu2+, based on 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY, by introducing 4-carboxyphenyl and bis(pyridin-2-ylmethylamine groups at the 5- and 3-positions, respectively, of the BODIPY core. We then investigated the photophysical and cation-sensing properties of the sensor. BODIPY 1 showed large absorption and fluorescence spectral shifts on binding to Cu2+. The fluorescence peak at 580 nm red-shifted to 620 nm. The binding stoichiometry of BODIPY 1 and Cu2+ was 1:3. The ratio of the fluorescence intensity at 620 nm to that at 580 nm (F620/F580 increased with increasing concentration of Cu2+ (3–10 equiv; this enabled ratiometric determination of Cu2+. Although BODIPY 1 showed good selectivity for Cu2+, there was an interfering effect of Fe3+. BODIPY 1 could be used for the naked-eye detection of Cu2+ in a water-containing sample.

A földpiaci sajátosságok és tendenciák

OpenAIRE

Kurucz, Adrienn

2010-01-01

Az elmúlt években ugyan emelkedtek a hazai földárak, de az uniós csatlakozástól várt jelentős árnövekedés és földpiaci forgalomélénkülés elmaradt, sőt, a bérleti díjakban sem hozott átütő fordulatot. A közelmúltban erősödött a magyarországi földpiac megmozdulását várók tábora, a 2011 májusában lejáró derogáció miatt. A szakemberek optimisták, mert a lejáró derogációval kiszélesedhet a vásárlói kör. A hazai agrárgazdaság egyik legnagyobb gondja a tőkehiány, ami akadályozza a technikai és techn...

Design study of the underground facilities, the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishizuka, Mineo; Noda, Masaru; Shiogama, Yukihiro; Adachi, Tetsuya

1999-02-01

Geoscientific research on the deep geological environment has been performed by Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC). This research is supported by the 'Long-Term Program for Research, Development and Utilization of Nuclear Energy'. The Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) is planned to be constructed at the Shobasama-bora site belonging to JNC. A wide range of geoscientific research and development activities which have been previously performed in and around the Tono mine is planned to be expanded in the laboratory. The MIU consisted of surface and underground facilities excavated to a depth of about 1,000 meters. In this design study, the overall layout and basic design of the underground facility and the composition of the overall research program, includes the construction of the underground facility are studied. Based on the concept of the underground facility which have been developed in 1998, the research activities which will be performed in the MIU are selected and the overall research program is revised in this year. The basic construction method and the construction equipment are also estimated. (author)

New data on distribution and ecology of Batrachospermum (Rhodophyta in Serbia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simić B. Snežana

2017-04-01

Full Text Available The paper describes the distribution and ecology of populations of the genus Batrachospermum collected in Serbia from 2006 to 2015 at 10 sites, all of which represent new localities of Batrachospermum in Serbia. The records of this genus in the Boračka River and in a spring near Kragujevac (Cerovac are the first in Central Serbia. Batrachospermum was recorded at altitudes of from 235 to 1600 m at localities mainly in partial or full shade on stone, gravel or concrete substrata in cold water (10.50 - 15.40oC that was neutral to weakly alkaline (pH 7.2 – 8.65 with conductivity of from 55 to 539 μS/cm. Species of the genus Batrachospermum in Serbia have to date been recorded in clean, well-aerated waters with a low concentration of biogenic salts and in habitats without anthropogenic impact. Any factors altering abiotic parameters of their habitats can lead to changes and the loss of populations of the sensitive species of this genus.

ANÁLISE ECONÔMICO-COMPARATIVA DE PLANOS DE CULTIVO EM UM SOLO SÓDICO SUBMETIDO A UM MANEJO INTEGRADO DE RECUPERAÇÃO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nemézio Moreira de Oliveira Júnior

1998-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMO A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de se proceder a uma análise econômico comparativa de três planos de cultivo envolvendo duas safras de curcubitáceas e uma de arroz por ano, em cada plano, em um solo aluvial afetado por sais e submetido a um manejo integrado de recuperação, utilizando-se a renda líquida como parâmetro determinante da melhor alternativa econômica. Três planos de cultivo foram utilizados: 1. Arroz (1o semestre + duas safras de melão (2o semestre; 2. Arroz (1o semestre + duas safras de melancia (2o semestre; 3. Arroz (1o semestre + duas safras de abóbora (2o semestre. A análise dos resultados demonstrou que o primeiro plano, constituído de uma safra de arroz (1o semestre e duas de melão (2o semestre apresentou-se como a melhor alternativa econômica.

Utilização do Ozônio no Tratamento Pós-Colheita do Tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rogério Simão

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O armazenamento de hortaliças no período pós-colheita é fator preocupante na logística de produtos perecíveis no ramo do agronegócio. Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar o emprego do gás Ozônio (O3 para o aumento de vida de prateleira de frutos de tomate a fim de mantê-los adequados por mais tempo para a comercialização. Exemplares da cultivar Débora foram tratados com 1 ppm (vol/vol de Ozônio durante 24 horas a 25°C e 65% de umidade relativa. Qualidades físicas como perda de massa, estádio de maturação, injúria e senescência foram avaliadas após 15 dias de armazenamento. Comparados com uma amostra de controle, os frutos tratados com Ozônio apresentaram menos perda de massa, menor porcentagem de injúrias causada por fungos e maior retardamento no apodrecimento, mas pouca diferença quanto ao nível de maturação.

Design study of underground facility of the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishizuka, Mineo; Noda, Masaru; Shiogama, Yukihiro; Adachi, Tetsuya

1999-02-01

Geoscientific research on deep geological environment has been performed by Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC). This research is supported by the 'Long-Term Program for Research, Development and Utilization of Nuclear Energy'. The Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory (MIU) is planned to be constructed at Shobasama-bora site belonging to JNC. A wide range of geoscientific research and development activities which have been previously performed in and around the Tono mine is planned to be expanded in the laboratory. The MIU is consisted of surface and underground facilities down to the depth of about 1,000 meters. In this design study, the overall layout and basic design of the underground facility and the composition of the overall research program which includes the construction of the underground facility are studied. Based on the concept of the underground facility which have been developed last year, the research activities which will be performed in the MIU are selected and the overall research program is revised in this year. The basic construction method and the construction equipment are also estimated. (author)

77 FR 5303 - Notice of Receipt of Petition for Decision That Nonconforming 1999 Volkswagen Bora Passenger Cars...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-02

... Pneumatic Tires, 113 Hood Latch System, 116 Motor Vehicle Brake Fluids, 124 Accelerator Control Systems, 135 Light Vehicle Brake Systems, 202 Head Restraints, 204 Steering Control Rearward Displacement, 205... software in the vehicle's computer system, or installation of a supplemental system to meet the...

Psychologie života v podmínkách koncentračního tábora

OpenAIRE

Kohoutová, Zuzana

2013-01-01

Diploma thesis was divided into three main parts: the historical part, true stories of survivors and psychological part. The order of these three parts is not accidental. One follows the other, and each of the following, you might say, is clear. The second part contains the real stories of survivors and two stories of survivors of the Auschwitz concentration camp, and two stories from the Theresienstadt ghetto.On the stories of former prisoners trying to illustrate what life was like lágrovéh...

Preparation of Impervious Pyrolytic Carbon Coatings and Application to Dispersed Fuels; Preparation de revetements de carbone pyrolytique etanches - applications aux combustibles disperses; Prigotovlenie nepronitsaemogo uglerodnogo piroliticheskogo pokrytiya dlya dispergirovannogo topliva; Preparacion de revestimientos estancos de carbono piroutico: aplicacion a los combustibles nucleares dispersos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Auriol, A.; David, C. [Battelle Memorial Institute, Geneve (Switzerland); Fillatre, A.; Kurka, G.; Le Boulbin, E.; Rappeneau, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique (France)

1963-11-15

osadka. Ehtot sposob pokrytiya byl perenesen na zerna okisi i karbida urana metodom dvizhushchegosya sloya. Posle utochneniya uslovij pokrytiya ehtikh zeren byla issledovana ikh makro- i mikrostruktury, a takte ikh pronitsaemost'. Byli izucheny svojstva ehtikh zeren pri vysokoj temperature na predmet ikh vozmozhnogo primeneniya v reaktore. (author)

Liver Scanning with Colloidal Radiogold; Exploration du foie a l'aide de l'or radioactif colloidal; Issledovanie pecheni pri pomoshchi radioaktivnogo kolloidal'nogo zolota; Exploracion del higado con oro coloidal radiactivo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Donato, L; Becchini, M F; Panichi, S [Centro di Medicina Nucleate, University of Pisa (Italy)

1959-07-01

esquemas anatomico y funcional. (author) [Russian] Avtory soobshchayut o svoem opyte v ispol'zovanii kolloidal'nog o zolota Ah{sup 198} dlya issledovaniya pecheni. Dlya polucheniya chetkogo razgranicheniya pecheni ot sosednikh organov i okru-zhayushchikh tkanej obychno trebuetsya doza mechenykh ehlementov, sootvetstvuyushcha ya 2,5 {mu}C/Kg. Vsya protsedura issledovaniya, kotoraya nachinaetsya cherez 30 minut posle vnutrivennogo vspryskivaniya, zanimaet okolo 90 minut pri ispol'zovanii polnost'yu avtomaticheskoj apparatury. Verkhnie i bokovye kontury pecheni obychno luchshe razlichayutsya chem nizhnie. Ispol'zovanie fokusiruyushchi kh kollimatorov (poristogo tipa) znachitel'no uluchshaet poluchaemye rezul'taty. V obychnykh usloviyakh pechen' yavlyaetsya edinstvennym organom, kotoryj chetko viden na ehkrane. V nekotorykh sluchayakh pri splenomegalii i tsirroza pecheni mozhno krome togo videt' i selezenku, veroyatno v svyazi s sokrashcheniem retikulo-ehndotelialyyuj sistemy pecheni. Sudya po priobretennomu avtorami opytu, dannyj metod ves'ma maloehffektive n dlya opredeleniya nebol'shikh metastazov pecheni, kotorye ne izmenyayut ob{sup e}ma i Formy poslednej. Dazhe v sluchayakh podtverzhdennog o operatsiej nalichiya mnozhestva razbrosannykh melkikh uzelkov metastaticheskog o kharaktera issledovaniya ehtim metodom dali neyasnye rezul'taty. Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnog o zolota-198 mozhet v sluchayakh rasseyannogo ili zonal'nogo rasshireniya - nezavisimo ot prichiny - sposobstvovat' vyyasnesho, vyzvany li ehti izmeneniya rasshireniem normal'no funktsioniruyushche j tkani ili zhe nalichem v tkani pecheni patologicheski kh obrazovanij. Ochen' udalnym okazalos' sochetanie radioizotopnog o issledovaniya pecheni s issledovaniem ee konturov rentgenovskimi luchami posle provedeniya pnevmoperitoneuma, tak kak ono pozvolyaet provesti sravnenie mezhdu anatomicheskim i funktsional'ny m sostoyaniem dannogo organa. Kontury, poluchaemye na stsintigrammakh i na rentgenovskikh snimkakh

Híbridos pré-comerciais resistentes a Tuta absoluta obtidos de linhagem de tomateiro rica em acilaçúcares Pre-commercial hybrids obtained from an acylsugar-rich tomato inbred line, resistant to Tuta absoluta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriel M Maciel

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial agronômico de híbridos de tomateiro a partir da linhagem TOM-687, rica em acilaçúcares e de resistência comprovada a pragas. O experimento foi instalado na HortiAgro, município de Ijaci, MG. Foi constituído de 30 genótipos (5 híbridos comerciais, 1 linhagem pré-comercial (TOM-687, e 24 híbridos nos quais TOM-687 foi utilizada como um dos pais, os quais foram conduzidos em tutoramento com haste dupla, no espaçamento de 1,30 x 0,50 m, totalizando 15.385 plantas por hectare. Foram realizadas nove colheitas, entre as datas de 01/11/08 a 28/11/08. Foram avaliadas as características de massa média por fruto (g fruto-1 e produção por hectare (t ha-1. Os 24 híbridos que tiveram TOM-687 como um dos pais apresentaram potencial produtivo similar ao das testemunhas comerciais Débora Max, Bravo, Bônus, Kombat e Atyna. Dos 24 híbridos experimentais, quatro (TEX-298, TEX-310, TEX-315 e TEX-316 foram avaliados quanto à resistência à traça-do-tomateiro (Tuta absoluta e mostraram-se mais resistentes do que as testemunhas comerciais.This experiment was designed to assess the agronomic potential of tomato hybrids obtained from the tomato line TOM-687, an acylsugar-rich line with confirmed resistance to an array of tomato pests. The experiment was carried out at the HortiAgro Sementes research station, in Ijaci, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The treatments comprised 30 genotypes (5 commercial hybrid checks, 1 high acylsugar line (TOM-687, and 24 hybrids in which TOM-687 was one of the parents. Plants were trained to two stems, in a spacing of 1.30 m between rows x 0.50 m between plants within a row, totaling 15,385 plants per hectare. Nine harvests were performed between November 1st, 2008 and November 28th,2008. Traits assessed were mean fruit weight (g fruit-1 and total yield (t ha-1. All 24 hybrids with TOM-687 as a parent showed yields similar to those of the commercial check

Produção do tomateiro em função dos sistemas de condução de plantas Fruits production of tomatoes as a result of plant training systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anderson Fernando Wamser

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito dos métodos de tutoramento e de condução de plantas sobre a produtividade e qualidade de frutos em quatro cultivares de tomate. Dois experimentos foram realizados nas safras 2004/05 e 2005/06 em Caçador (SC. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação de duas cultivares (Carmen e Débora Max, em 2004/05, e Nemo Netta e San Vito, em 2005/06, quatro métodos de tutoramento (cruzado, mexicano, vertical com bambu e vertical com fitilho e dois métodos de condução de plantas (com uma e duas hastes por planta mantendo o mesmo número de hastes por área, dispostos no delineamento de parcelas sub-subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Não houve interação entre cultivar, método de tutoramento e de condução. O método de tutoramento vertical com bambu foi superior aos demais métodos e todos os métodos de condução vertical foram superiores ao método cruzado na produção total e comercial de frutos. A condução de uma haste por planta obteve maior produção total e comercial de frutos, em relação à condução de duas hastes por planta.The effect of plant staking and training methods was studied on fruit yield and quality of four tomato cultivars. Two experiments were carried out in 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, in Caçador, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The treatments were a combination of two cultivars (Carmen and Débora Max, in 2004/05, and Nemo Netta and San Vito, in 2005/06, four staking methods (crossed fence, Mexican, vertical staking with bamboo and vertical staking with polypropylene cord and two training methods (one and two stems per plant keeping the same number of stems per area, using the sub subplots experimental design. There was no statistical interaction between cultivars, training methods and among staking methods. The vertical staking with bamboo increased the production of fruits, when compared with other staking methods, and all vertical-staking methods increased

Phospholipase A2 from Bothrops alternatus (víbora de la cruz) venom. Purification and some characteristic properties.

Science.gov (United States)

Nisenbom, H E; Seki, C; Vidal, J C

1986-01-01

One single protein species with phospholipase activity has been isolated from Bothrops alternatus venom by a procedure involving gel-filtration on Sephadex G-50 (Step 1), chromatography on SP-Sephadex C-50 (Step 2) and gel-filtration on Sephadex G-75 (Step 3). The purified sample behaved as a homogeneous, monodisperse protein with a molecular weight of 15,000 and isoelectric point of 5.04. The yield in enzyme activity was 48% of the starting material and the apparent purification was 51-fold. When assayed on 1,2-diheptanoyl- or 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, fatty acids and lysolecithins were the only reaction products, in accordance with the predicted stoichiometry. Studies on positional specificity suggested that the enzyme is a phospholipase A2. The enzyme requires Ca2+ ions for activity and exhibited stereochemical specificity, since the enantiomeric 2, 3-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphorylcholine was not hydrolyzed. Under the experimental conditions employed, reaction products representative of either phospholipase B or C activities could not be detected. After Step 1, the phospholipase activity recovered was higher than the total activity in the crude venom sample, which is explained by the separation of an inhibitor during enzyme purification. The inhibitor was responsible for the initial lag period that characterized the kinetics of the enzyme reaction with crude venom acting on aggregated substrates (lipoprotein, vesicles or micelles), while the rate of hydrolysis of monomeric lecithins was not affected.

Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, September 1965: Review Of Experimental Results; Issledovaniya v oblasti upravlyaemogo yadernogo sinteza/sentyabr' 1965 g. obzor rezul'tatov ehksperimentov

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spitzer, Lyman Jr. [Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey (United States)

1966-04-15

To my way of thinking the most significant milestone of the present meeting is the substantial body of evidence that has been presented on the hydromagnetic stabilization of open-ended systems. The success of minimum magnetic-field ('minimum-B') configurations in stabilizing a plasma marks one more area where theory and experiment in the field of plasma physics have been brought together with gratifying results. Let me go back a little into history and discuss the gradual growth of our information on hydromagnetic instabilities generally. Many of you will remember that hydromagnetic theory was applied to the self-pinched discharge in the early years of the controUed fusion programme. The predictions of this theory were very shortly fulfilled by the observations; the effects were so unmistakable that it was not difficult to compare the theory with the observations. On the streak pictures of the linear or toroidal discharges that were obtained in those early years one saw clearly the diffuse plasma column, which first contracted to a narrow filament and then started to distort and kink until finally it hit the wall. Under some conditions the plasma was observed to break up into a series of blobs like a string of sausages. Since the behaviour was exactly what the theory had predicted, it took no very great experimental wisdom to conclude that observations had confirmed theory.

THE EFFECT OF SOIL CONDITIONERS ON CELLULOSE, HEMICELLULOSE, AND THE ADL FIBRE FRACTION CONCENTRATION IN DACTYLIS GLOMERATA AND LOLIUM PERENNE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milena Truba

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Replicated three times, the research was conducted in the experimental field between 2011 and 2014. Three soil conditioners with the following trade names: UGmax, Eko-Użyźniacz, and Humus Active Papka were used in the experiment, separately or together with NPK fertilisers. They were all used on plots sown with two species of grass, Dactylis glomerata of the Bora variety and Lolium perenne of the Info variety. The plant material from both grass species was tested for the concentration of ADL fraction (% DM, cellulose (% DM, and hemicellulose (% DM. It was found that the concentration of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and the ADL fraction was significantly higher in the biomass of Dactylis glomerata than in the biomass of Lolium perenne. The grass from the plot with the UGmax soil conditioner applied had the highest amount of cellulose and hemicellulose. The lowest amount of those organic compounds was found in the grass treated with UGmax together with mineral fertilisers and in plants treated with Humus Active, together with mineral fertilisers. However, the fertilisers and conditioners did not increase the ADL content in both grass species.

Determination of thiol compounds by solid-phase extraction using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as adsorbent coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang, K.J.; Han, C.H.; Han, C.Q.; Li, J.; Wu, Z.W.; Liu, Y.M.

2011-01-01

We describe a method for solid-phase extraction of biogenic thiols using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as adsorbent, and their subsequent determination via HPLC and fluorescence detection. The fluorogenic reagent N-(4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-yl)methyl) iodoacetamide was applied to derivatizate the thiols. The type of eluent and its volume, the sample pH, extraction time and sample volume were optimized. The calibration curves of the thiols are linear in the range from 0. 5 to 200 nM (for glutathione), 0. 02 to 5 nM (for cysteine), and 2 to 500 nM (for acetylcysteine), and the correlation coefficients range between 0. 9955 and 0. 9997. The respective limits of detection are 20 pM, 4 pM and 80 pM (at an SNR of 3), and the limits of quatification are 67 pM, 13 pM, and 267 pM (at an SNR of 10). Recoveries range from 85.0% to 113.1% for human urine and plasma samples spiked with the three thiols, and relative standard deviations are in the range from 2.1 to 7.4%. (author)

Alimentação alternativa: análise crítica de uma proposta de intervenção nutricional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Farfan Jaime Amaya

1998-01-01

Full Text Available O Instituto Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição (Inan está propondo o uso, em nível nacional, de fórmula de alimentação alternativa, denominada "Multimistura", à base de farelos de arroz, e/ou trigo, sementes de gergelim e abóbora, folhas de mandioca, beterraba, cenoura, verduras nativas e pó de casca de ovo, como solução para combater a fome da população carente. Embora o crítico estado nutricional da população-alvo possa fazer qualquer questionamento técnico ou ético parecer por demais filosófico, uma série de considerações nutricionais, toxicológicas e até de viabilidade prática sugerem que a posição adotada pelo Inan deveria ser revista. A solução da multimistura, talvez válida para situações transitórias de extrema pobreza, carece de universalidade para ser utilizada, independentemente de faixa etária, estado nutricional e período de duração da intervenção.

An Ambipolar BODIPY Derivative for a White Exciplex OLED and Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Laser toward Multifunctional Devices.

Science.gov (United States)

Chapran, Marian; Angioni, Enrico; Findlay, Neil J; Breig, Benjamin; Cherpak, Vladyslav; Stakhira, Pavlo; Tuttle, Tell; Volyniuk, Dmytro; Grazulevicius, Juozas V; Nastishin, Yuriy A; Lavrentovich, Oleg D; Skabara, Peter J

2017-02-08

A new interface engineering method is demonstrated for the preparation of an efficient white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) by embedding an ultrathin layer of the novel ambipolar red emissive compound 4,4-difluoro-2,6-di(4-hexylthiopen-2-yl)-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (bThBODIPY) in the exciplex formation region. The compound shows a hole and electron mobility of 3.3 × 10 -4 and 2 × 10 -4 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , respectively, at electric fields higher than 5.3 × 10 5 V cm -1 . The resulting WOLED exhibited a maximum luminance of 6579 cd m -2 with CIE 1931 color coordinates (0.39; 0.35). The bThBODIPY dye is also demonstrated to be an effective laser dye for a cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) laser. New construction of the ChLC laser, by which a flat capillary with an optically isotropic dye solution is sandwiched between two dye-free ChLC cells, provides photonic lasing at a wavelength well matched with that of a dye-doped planar ChLC cell.

Universidad, ciudadanía y TIC

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Ignacio Iñaki Chaves

2014-01-01

Full Text Available ¿Está el mundo del siglo XXI del revés? Si miramos las noticias que nos venden los medios masivos de difusión de noticias y si analizamos la realidad social que nos rodea, la respuesta es SÍ. Si el mundo está patas arriba significa que la escuela, que forma parte de ese mundo, también se encuentra así. Dice Eduardo Galeano que si “(… el plomo aprende a flotar y el corcho, a hundirse. Las víboras aprenden a volar y las nubes aprenden a arrastrarse por los caminos” es que el mundo definitivamente está al revés. ¿Por qué este planteamiento inicial para hablar de Universidad, de ciudadanía y de nuevas tecnologías? Porque considero que en la situación del mundo de hoy, digital y pro-tecnológico en lo comunicativo, depredador y ciego en lo medioambiental, neoliberal y dictatorial en lo político, y capitalista y explotador en lo económico, tienen un rol relevante los tres campos enunciados en el título del presente artículo.

Caracterização da comercialização de tomate de mesa na CEAGESP: perfil dos atacadistas Characterization and commercialization of fresh tomatoes at CEASA: profile of wholesalers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caroline Andreuccetti

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Os Centros de Abastecimento, conhecidos por CEASAS, são pontos de concentração física da produção de hortigranjeiros e flores oriundos de diversas regiões do país. As mercadorias são destinadas aos atacadistas, que podem também ser produtores rurais ou apenas intermediários. O tomate possui grande representatividade de comercialização dentro dessas centrais de abastecimento. A partir de questionários, identificou-se o perfil dos comerciantes de tomate de mesa na CEAGESP. Constatou-se que 45,8% dos entrevistados possuem um volume médio de tomate comercializado durante o ano maior que 10.000 toneladas, sendo que, desses, 70,8% possuem produção própria de tomate. As cultivares Carmen e Débora foram as líderes de comercialização no período avaliado. Os resultados apontaram que os atacadistas comercializam com mais de um tipo de comprador, sendo os principais feirantes e supermercados, com ampla utilização da embalagem de madeira, caixa K, seguindo com 20,8% em caixas plásticas e 16,7% com caixas de papelão. Os permissionários comercializam o tomate classificado, seja manualmente (58,4%, ou usando máquinas (8,3% ou ambos os procedimentos (33,3%, porém os índices de padronização não são satisfatórios, encontrando-se numa mesma caixa mistura intensa de graus de coloração e tamanhos variados, o que leva a 45,8% do produto a ser reclassificado.The Terminal Markets are the main centers for distribution of vegetables, fruits and flowers from different States of Brazil. The CEAGESP wholesalers can be shippers or growers. The amount of tomato commercialized in these terminal markets is very expressive. It was possible to determine the profile and the main features of the wholesale market at CEAGESP. About 45.8% of the wholesalers had an average commercialization volume of 10,000 tons/year, and 70.8% of them commercialize their own production. Cultivars Carmen and Débora were the leaders on the market. The results

Technical Developments in the USAEC Process Radiation Development Program; Etudes technologiques dans le cadre du programme de mise au point d'applications industrielles des rayonnements de la CEA-EU; Issledovaniya v oblasti promyshlennogo primeneniya izluchenij, vkhodyashchie v programmu komissii po atomnoj ehnergii USAEC; Progresos tecnicos en el programa de la USAEC para el fomento de la irradiacion industrial

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Machurek, J. E.; Stein, M. H. [Division of Isotopes Development, USAEC, Washington, DC (United States)

1963-11-15

ispol'zovanie ioniziruyushchikh izluchenij v promyshlennosti. Provedeno chetyrnadtsat' takikh issledovanij, rezul'taty nekotorykh iz nikh izlozheny v obshchikh chertakh v dannoj rabote, ostal'nye izlagayutsya bolee podrobno - v drugikh stat'yakh trudov. Temy issledovanij vklyuchayut: 1. Prigotovlenie kombinatsij derevo-plastik, ispol'zuya gamma-izluchenie dlya indutsirovaniya polimerizatsii. 2. Ispol'zovanie beta-izlucheniya produktov deleniya dlya gidrogenizatsii uglya, i ego produktov s tsel'yu polucheniya zhidkogo uglevodorodnogo topliva. 3. Poluchenie poluprovodnikovykh priborov s formirovaniem zadannogo prostranstvennogo raspredeleniya primesej v zavisimosti ot legirovaniya putem nejtronnykh prevrashchenij. 4. Vyzvannaya izlucheniem polimerizatsiya ehtilena i sopolimerov. 5. Osnovnye issledovaniya mekhanizmov i kinetiki reaktsij, vyzvannykh izlucheniem. 6. Radiatsionno-khimicheskie protsessy pri ftorirovanii razlichnykh aromaticheskikh soedinenij. 7. Ispol'zovanie polifunktsional'nykh monomerov dlya intensifikatsii radiatsionnogo sshivaniya poliehtilena, polipropilena, poliizobutilena i atsetattsellyulozy. 8. Vliyanie nabukhaniya, deformatsii i temperatury na fizicheskie i khimicheskie svojstva polimerov, poluchennykh s pomoshch'yu radiatsii. 9. Vliyanie strukturnykh faktorov na radiatsionnye izmeneniya v polimerakh, privodyashchie k graftsopolimerizatsii. 10. Ispol'zovanie yadernykh izluchenij dlya modifikatstsii tekstil'nykh materialov. 11. Reaktsii, vyzvannye izlucheniem kriptona-85. 12. Podgotovka ''Spravochnika po radiatsii''. 13. Ispol'zovanie metalloorganicheskoj svyazi dlya gamma-dozimetrii pri bol'shikh moshchnostyakh dozy. 14. Razrabotka dozimetra s solnechnym ehlementom. (author)

SEEWIND - South-East European Wind Energy Exploitation. Wind energy research in South East Europe under the EC FP6 programme; SEEWIND - South-East European Wind Energy Exploitation. Windenergieforschung im 6. Rahmenprogramm der Europaeischen Union in Suedosteuropa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Winkelmeier, H. [Verein Energiewerkstatt (Austria)

2008-08-15

Large areas in South East Europe offer perfect conditions for the Utilisation of Wind Energy. Local wind systems like ''Bora'', which occurs along the Adriatic Sea, or ''Koshava'', which flows between the ridge of the Carpathian Mountains and the Balkan Mountains from Romania over to Serbia, are generated through differences in pressure and temperature between the adjacent regions. Those wind systems therefore can be described as 'home made' and have very individual characteristics. Despite the excellent wind conditions of those locations, the mainly cliffy and complex terrain and the extreme wind conditions with turbulences and strong gusts make great demands on the design and operation of the wind turbines. Exactly those problems the European Commission asked to be investigated and therefore defined 'Complex terrain and local wind systems' as one of the research topics in the last call of the 6th Framework Programme. Under the lead management of Verein Energiewerkstatt, a consortium of ten partners from seven middle- and southeast European countries took part in this call for proposals and received acceptance for the submitted Project ''SEEWIND - South-East European Wind Energy Exploitation''. (orig.)

Long-Term Trends, Variability and Extremes of In Situ Sea Surface Temperature Measured Along the Eastern Adriatic Coast and its Relationship to Hemispheric Processes

Science.gov (United States)

Grbec, Branka; Matić, Frano; Beg Paklar, Gordana; Morović, Mira; Popović, Ružica; Vilibić, Ivica

2018-02-01

This paper examines long-term series of in situ sea surface temperature (SST) data measured at nine coastal and one open sea stations along the eastern Adriatic Sea for the period 1959-2015. Monthly and yearly averages were used to document SST trends and variability, while clustering and connections to hemispheric indices were achieved by applying the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) method. Both PCA and SOM revealed the dominance of temporal changes with respect to the effects of spatial differences in SST anomalies, indicating the prevalence of hemispheric processes over local dynamics, such as bora wind spatial inhomogeneity. SST extremes were connected with blocking atmospheric patterns. A substantial warming between 1979 and 2015, in total exceeding 1 °C, was preceded by a period with a negative SST trend, implying strong multidecadal variability in the Adriatic. The strongest connection was found between yearly SST and the East Atlantic (EA) pattern, while North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and East Atlantic/West Russia (EAWR) patterns were found to also affect February SST values. Quantification of the Adriatic SST and their connection to hemispheric indices allow for more precise projections of future SST, considered to be rather important for Adriatic thermohaline circulation, biogeochemistry and fisheries, and sensitive to ongoing climate change.

A new BODIPY/nanoparticle/Ni affinity system for binding of cytochrome c

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maltas, Esra, E-mail: maltasesra@gmail.com [Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 42075 Konya (Turkey); Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, 42075 Konya (Turkey); Kursunlu, Ahmed Nuri [Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 42075 Konya (Turkey); Arslan, Gulsin [Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, 42075 Konya (Turkey); Selcuk University, Advanced Research Technology and Application Center, 42075 Konya (Turkey); Ozmen, Mustafa [Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 42075 Konya (Turkey); Selcuk University, Advanced Research Technology and Application Center, 42075 Konya (Turkey)

2015-09-15

Highlights: • BODIPY was synthesized, and then attached to magnetic nanoparticles. • Ni(II) ions were chelated on prepared material. • The binding of cytochrome c to obtained material was studied. - Abstract: In this study, 3,5-{Bis[4,4-difluoro, 8-(2,6-diethyl, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene)]}benzoylchloride (BODIPY) was synthesized for the improving of a new immobilized metal affinity supporting material. Firstly, the synthesized BODIPY was immobilized on iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs) and then, Ni(II) ions were chelated with the active terminals of BODIPY on nanoparticles surfaces to prepare an immobilized metal affinity (IMA) adsorbent for protein adsorption. The amount of BODIPY coated on SPIONs was about 29.7 μM at 10 mg nanoparticles. 738 μmol of Ni(II) ions were loaded to 10 mg of the SPIONs/BODIPY. The binding amount of cytochrome c was found to be 170 μg to the SPIONs/BODIPY/Ni at pH 7.4. The binding amount of the molecules on SPIONs was analyzed by using UV–vis, fluorescence and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The characterization of the prepared surfaces was performed by FT-IR, SEM and TEM.

A política nas margens da memória: Uma etnografia das cerimônias de rememoração oficial dos atentados de 11 março de 2004 em Madri

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gérôme Truc

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Traduzido por: Débora BolsanelloO objetivo deste trabalho é apontar e compreender a dimensão política contida nos processos de construção da memória coletiva representados nos eventos de rememoração de grandes sofrimentos sociais. Por meio da observação etnográfica das cerimônias anuais oficiais nacionais ocorridas entre 2004 e 2009 para marcar o atentado terrorista ocorrido em Madri em 11 de março de 2004, quando 191 pessoas foram mortas, descrevem-se as formas de desacordo que emergiram nas margens dessas rememorações e que depois chegaram a seus centros. The article Politics on the Fringes of Memory: An Ethnography of the Offi cial Memorial Ceremonies of the Terrorist Attacks of 11 March 2004 in Madrid aims to comprehend the political dimension involved in the collective memory construction processes represented through memorial ceremonies for tragedies. By means of ethnographic observation of the annual offi cial ceremonies held between 2004 and 2009 to mark the terrorist attacks in Madrid on 11 March 2004, which killed 191 people, we describe the forms of disagreement that emerged on the fringe of these memorial events.

Some Uses of Radioisotopes and Radiations in Entomology; Quelques emplois des radioelements et des rayonnements en entomologie; Nekotorye vidy primeneniya radioehlementov i oblucheniya v ehntomologii; Algunas aplicaciones de los radioelementos y de las radiaciones en entomologia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Courtois, G. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France); Lecomte, J. [Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches sur l' Abeille et les Insectes Sociaux, Bures-Sur-Yvette (France)

1963-09-15

dosificar el potasio en las hormigas y en las abejas. Los autores han ensayado la marcacion de acrididos con {sup 192}Ir y describen en la memoria los resultados obtenidos. Se ha hecho tambien un estudio de la distribucion de ciertos radioisotopos ( {sup 32}P y {sup 35}S) en el cuerpo de la abeja por medio del metodo autorradiografico. (author) [Russian] Stat'ya soderkhit obzor metodov primeneniya radioehlementov v ehntomologii, razrabotannykh v nashikh dvukh tsentrakh v techenie poslednikh let. Pervye raboty otnosilis' k pchelam i v osobennosti k dal'nosti poletov pchel-sborshchits iz pchelosem'i. Issledovanie provodilos' s pomoshch'yu mecheniya izotopom Au{sup 198}. Prodolzheniem rabot po opredeleniyu dozy, poluchennoj osob'yu v protsesse mecheniya, yavilos' opredelenie radiorezistentnosti pchely i letal'noj dozy, lezhashchej v predelakh 90 000 p. Au{sup 198} byl takzhe ispol'zovan dlya issledovaniya obmena pishchej vnutri ul'ya. Vmeste s tem,dlya izucheniya obmena pishchej vnutri ul'ev mezhdu rabochimi osobyami (muzhskimi osobyami, rabochimi pchelami, matkami) ili mezhdu razlichnymi royami primenyalsya R{sup 92}. Nedavno analogichnye issledovaniya trofilaksii byli provedeny na osakh. Au{sup 188} byl takzhe osnovnym radioehlementom v rabote s muravejnikami. Naibolee interesnym rezul'tatom pervogo issledovaniya yavilos' otkrytie obmena pishchej mezhdu muravejnikami, otstoyashchimi drug ot druga na rasstoyanii svyshe 50 m, i raznymi vidami murav'ev (Formica rufa i Formica polyctena). V protsesse vtorogo issledovaniya, s pomoshch'yu mecheniya puti dvizheniya murav'ev, a ne samogo muravejnika, bylo vyyavleno raspredelenie obyazannostej vnutri muravejnika. Mechenye murav'i sledovali po odnomu i tomu zhe marshrutu i redko obmenivalis' s drugimi osobyami toj zhe kolonii. V protsesse ehtogo opyta uzhe do mecheniya byla ustanovlena anormal'naya radioaktivnost' murav'ev, obuslovlennaya prezhde vsego nalichiem (Sr + Nb){sup 95}. EHto otkrytie govorit o tendentsii k nakopleniyu v

4,4-Difluoro-2,3;5,6-bis(tetramethylene-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (LD540

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kirsi Salorinne

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The title compound, C18H21BF2N2, is a lipophilic dye based on a BODIPY fluorophore backbone, which was developed for microscopic imaging of lipid droplets; the molecule has a planar BODIPY core [dihedral angle between the pyrrole rings = 2.3 (3°] and two tetramethylene substituents at the 2,3- and 5,6-positions in a half-chair conformation. One of the tetramethylene substituents is disordered over two two sets of sites with site occupancies of 0.5. In the crystal, pairs of C—H...F interactions link the molecules into inversion dimers. Neighbouring dimers are linked by further C—H...F interactions, forming an infinite array. C—H...π and π–π [centroid–centroid distance = 4.360 (3 Å] interactions are observed between the BODIPY core and the tetramethylene substituents of neighbouring dimer pairs.

Fibras solúveis e insolúveis de verduras, tubérculos e canela para uso em nutrição clínica Soluble and insoluble fibres of vegetables, tubers and cinnamon for use in enteral nutrition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edma Maria de Araújo

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Dietas enterais com alimentos convencionais são usadas para obter individualização e menor custo. No entanto, para melhorar o teor de fibras alimentares, o valor nutritivo e a confiabilidade, mais estudos são necessários. A proposta desse estudo foi estudar fontes de fibra alimentar de abóbora, agrião, canela em pó, couve-flor, inhame e tomate, para uso em nutrição enteral ou suplemento nutricional oral. Esses alimentos foram escolhidos por conter fibras alimentares e outros elementos considerados funcionais (isotiocianatos, indóis, licopeno, carotenoides, clorofila. Foram formuladas preparações com os alimentos em solução de água e adicionadas a uma formulação enteral domiciliar. Foram determinadas fibras solúvel e insolúvel, a composição centesimal dos alimentos e a atividade de água das formulações. Os alimentos foram acrescentados à formulação enteral domiciliar em quantidades de 100 g/2000 kcal/2 L e à água 150 g/2000kcal/2 L. Essas quantidades equivalem a duas porções diárias de cada alimento. A maior quantidade de fibra alimentar (base úmida foi de canela (50,11%, sendo o teor dos outros alimentos: abóbora 1,76%; agrião 0,85%; couve-flor 1,51%; inhame 1,56%; e tomate 1,00%. Os valores de atividades de água ficaram entre 0,988 e 0,999, indicando que as dietas são suscetíveis à contaminação microbiana, sendo mais seguro consumir essas dietas imediatamente após o preparo.Enteral diets containing conventional foods are used to reduce costs and obtain individualization. However, more studies are required to improve their dietary fibre content, the nutritive value, and reliability. This study proposed to study the dietary fibres of different vegetables and spices such as pumpkin, watercress, powdered cinnamon, cauliflower, yam, and tomato for use in enteral nutrition or in oral nutritional supplements. These foods were chosen since they contain dietary fibres and other elements considered to be

Crystal structure of 3-(4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacen-3-ylpropanoic acid

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Takuma Kato

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The crystal structure of the title compound, C14H15BF2N2O2, which comprises a boron–dipyrromethene (BODIPY backbone and a propionic acid group, has been determined at 100 K. The BODIPY fused-ring system is nearly planar, with a maximum deviation from the mean plane of 0.032 (2 Å. In the crystal, pairs of O—H...O hydrogen bonds connect the molecules, forming inversion dimers. The dimers are linked via C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a tape along the a axis. The tapes are stacked along the c axis through C—H...F hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions.

Testing-ground investigations of radionuclide migration in temporary area for radioactive waste localization << Ryzhy Les >>.; Poligonnye issledovaniya migratsii radionuklidov na uchastke punkta vremennoj lokalizatsii radioaktivnykh otkhodov << Ryzhij les >>.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dzhepo, S P; Skal` skij, A S; Bugaj, D A; Gudzenko, V V; Mogil` nyj, S A; Proskura, N I [AN Ukrainskoj SSR, Kiev (Ukraine). Inst. Geologicheskikh Nauk; [Admyinyistratsyiya zoni vyidchuzhennya, Chernobil` (Ukraine)

1994-12-31

Experimental investigations carried out on testing grounds have permitted studying hydrogeological and geochemical conditions, contamination levels of ground waters and mechanisms of radionuclide migration in the areas of radioactive waste burial in sector 2.1 of temporary area for radioactive waste localization << Ryzhy Les >>. Distribution coefficients for {sup 137} Cs and {sup 90} Sr as well as chemical forms of sorbed radionuclides have been determined under in situ conditions. Lateral rates of radionuclide migration in ground waters are estimated.

BODIPY associates in organic matrices: Spectral properties, photostability and evaluation as OLED emitters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Merkushev, D.A.; Usoltsev, S.D. [Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Avenue 7, 153000 Ivanovo (Russian Federation); Marfin, Yu.S., E-mail: marfin@isuct.ru [Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Avenue 7, 153000 Ivanovo (Russian Federation); Pushkarev, A.P., E-mail: pushkarev@iomc.ras.ru [G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS, Tropinina 49, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Federation); Volyniuk, D.; Grazulevicius, J.V. [Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas (Lithuania); Rumyantsev, E.V. [Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevskiy Avenue 7, 153000 Ivanovo (Russian Federation)

2017-02-01

In the present study four BODIPY (boron dipyrromethene: 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) dyes with π-extended substituents in C-8 position were investigated in solvents and polymer mediums. High aggregation degree was observed for the dyes in the solid state. Association and twisted intramolecular charge transfer processes were found to affect the spectral properties of the compounds causing bathochromic shifts in absorption and fluorescence spectra. The extension of substituent π-conjugation gains molecular association evoked presumably by π-π interaction between the substituents of the adjacent molecules. Photostability of the complexes in different forms was analyzed and the distorted form stabilized by polymer matrix was found to be the most stable. The substituent nature did not affect strongly the photostability of dyes. Displacement of monomer-associate equilibrium in hybrid materials with polymethylmethacrylate and poly(9-vinylcarbazole) was exploited for tuning spectral characteristics of the materials. Two dyes readily forming aggregates at the lowest concentrations were applied for the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes. The fabricated devices exhibited electroluminescence in the appropriate spectral ranges with moderate efficiency. - Highlights: • Four BODIPY dyes with π-extended substituents in 8-position were investigated in solvents and polymers. • Substituent influence on photophysical properties and photostability of the compounds are discussed. • Aggregation induced spectral changes were observed. • Displacement of monomer-aggregate equilibrium was exploited for tuning electroluminescent characteristics of OLED devices.

The Formation of the Crimean Tatar Literary Language in the 15th–17th centuries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

O.D. Rustemov

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Research objective: Linguistic analysis of the Crimean Tatar language in official documents against the backdrop of the literary and written traditions of the Golden Horde, a polity to which the Crimean ulus belonged for quite a long time. Research materials: The yarlik of the Crimean khan, Bora Gaza Girey, which we transliterated and translated into Russian, is used as an illustrative text. The language of this yarlik makes it possible to analyze the lexical and grammatical changes in the written language of the Golden Horde which occurred in Crimea under local and Ottoman dialectical influences. Being subjected to changes of this kind, the Golden Horde’s Türki can already be defined as having shifted to the Crimean mixed-Türki of the stated period. The study of the language of the Crimean khans’ yalriks and the parallel study of the language of other Crimean official documents provide an accurate picture of the language processes in the Crimea during the period of the Crimean Khanate, not only at the level of written language, but also at the level of the spoken one. Results and novelty of the research: The efforts of the author on the analysis of the Crimean variant of the Türki language were undertaken for the first time in Turkic studies. As a result, the author revealed not only the substrata of the Ottoman, but also the local Oghuz-Kypchak dialect, recorded in the Codex Cumanicus.

Isolation and Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Microalgae Strains from the Red Sea for Biofuel Production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Khalid M. Abu-Salah

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The isolation of lipid-rich autochthonous strains of microalgae is a crucial stage for the development of a microalgae-based biofuel production plant, as these microalgae already have the necessary adaptations to withstand competition, predation and the temperatures observed at each production site. This is particularly important in extreme climates such as in Saudi Arabia. Resorting to fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS we screened for and isolated several microalgal strains from samples collected from the Red Sea. Relying on the fluorescence of BODIPY 505/515 (4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diazasindacene and growth performance, four promising candidates were identified and the total lipid content and fatty acid profile was assessed for biofuels production. Selected isolates were classified as chlorophytes, belonging to three different genera: Picochlorum, Nannochloris and Desmochloris. The lipid contents were assessed microscopically by means of BODIPY 505/515-associated fluorescence to detect intracellular lipid bodies, which revealed several lipid drops in all selected strains. This result was confirmed by lipid gravimetric determination, which demonstrated that all strains under study presented inner cell lipid contents ranging from 20% to 25% of the biomass dry weight. Furthermore, the fatty acid methyl esters profile of all strains seems ideal for biodiesel production due to a low degree of polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and high amount of palmitic and oleic acids.

Seleção de acessos de tomateiro resistentes à pinta-preta pela análise de agrupamento das curvas de progresso da doença

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Soares Laurindo

2015-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar acessos resistentes à pinta-preta (Alternaria tomatophila por meio da análise de agrupamento das curvas de progresso da doença em tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum. Foram avaliados 134 acessos de tomateiro do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH-UFV, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, além das testemunhas suscetíveis 'Débora' e 'Santa Clara'. As plantas foram inoculadas com uma mistura de conídios de diferentes isolados de Alternaria spp. e avaliadas regularmente quanto à severidade da doença a cada três dias após a inoculação, no total de seis avaliações. Ajustou-se o modelo logístico aos dados de severidade da pinta-preta, e as estimativas obtidas para a incidência final da doença (B1 e a taxa de progresso da doença (B3 foram submetidas à análise de variância multivariada (Manova. As médias dessas estimativas, para cada acesso, foram submetidas à análise de agrupamento. Foram formados 24 grupos distintos com base no agrupamento das curvas de progresso da doença, o que possibilitou identificar os acessos BGH-2143, BGH-2235, BGH-2270 e BGH-2118 de tomateiro como potenciais fontes de resistência à pinta-preta.

SV40 late protein VP4 forms toroidal pores to disrupt membranes for viral release.

Science.gov (United States)

Raghava, Smita; Giorda, Kristina M; Romano, Fabian B; Heuck, Alejandro P; Hebert, Daniel N

2013-06-04

Nonenveloped viruses are generally released from the cell by the timely lysis of host cell membranes. SV40 has been used as a model virus for the study of the lytic nonenveloped virus life cycle. The expression of SV40 VP4 at later times during infection is concomitant with cell lysis. To investigate the role of VP4 in viral release and its mechanism of action, VP4 was expressed and purified from bacteria as a fusion protein for use in membrane disruption assays. Purified VP4 perforated membranes as demonstrated by the release of fluorescent markers encapsulated within large unilamellar vesicles or liposomes. Dynamic light scattering results revealed that VP4 treatment did not cause membrane lysis or change the size of the liposomes. Liposomes encapsulated with 4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-3-indacene-labeled streptavidin were used to show that VP4 formed stable pores in membranes. These VP4 pores had an inner diameter of 1-5 nm. Asymmetrical liposomes containing pyrene-labeled lipids in the outer monolayer were employed to monitor transbilayer lipid diffusion. Consistent with VP4 forming toroidal pore structures in membranes, VP4 induced transbilayer lipid diffusion or lipid flip-flop. Altogether, these studies support a central role for VP4 acting as a viroporin in the disruption of cellular membranes to trigger SV40 viral release by forming toroidal pores that unite the outer and inner leaflets of membrane bilayers.

From Dark to Light to Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET): Polarity-Sensitive Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE)-Active Tetraphenylethene-Fused BODIPY Dyes with a Very Large Pseudo-Stokes Shift.

Science.gov (United States)

Şen, Esra; Meral, Kadem; Atılgan, Serdar

2016-01-11

The work presented herein is devoted to the fabrication of large Stokes shift dyes in both organic and aqueous media by combining dark resonance energy transfer (DRET) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in one donor-acceptor system. In this respect, a series of donor-acceptor architectures of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) dyes substituted by one, two, or three tetraphenylethene (TPE) luminogens were designed and synthesised. The photophysical properties of these three chromophore systems were studied to provide insight into the nature of donor-acceptor interactions in both THF and aqueous media. Because the generation of emissive TPE donor(s) is strongly polarity dependent, due to its aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature, one might expect the formation of appreciable fluorescence emission intensity with a very large pseudo-Stokes shift in aqueous media when considering FRET process. Interestingly, similar results were also recorded in THF for the chromophore systems, although the TPE fragment(s) of the dyes are non-emissive. The explanation for this photophysical behaviour lies in the DRET. This is the first report on combining two energy-transfer processes, namely, FRET and DRET, in one polarity-sensitive donor-acceptor pair system. The accuracy of the dark-emissive donor property of the TPE luminogen is also presented for the first time as a new feature for AIE phenomena. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Evaluation of tomato rootstocks and its use to control bacterial wilt diseaseAvaliação de porta-enxertos de tomateiro e o uso da enxertia no controle da murcha bacteriana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Ferraz Laranjeira

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Tomato plants are susceptible to bacterial wilting, which causes production losses varying from 10 to 100 %. A method for controlling this disease is the use of grafting on resistant rootstocks. This work had the objective of evaluating tomato genotypes for the resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum and the grafting technique as an alternative for the bacterial wilt control in the region of Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil. To evaluate the resistance to R. solanacearum, four local genotypes, collected in different regions of Bahia, the cv. Santa Clara as a susceptible treatment, and the Hawaii 7996 (H7996, as a resistant treatment were studied. For the evaluation of grafting method for control of bacterial wilt, the H7996 was used as rootstock, and the cvs. Santa Clara, Santa Cruz Kada, and Débora Plus were used as the scion plants. Both experiments were evaluated in an area infested with R. solanacearum, for a period of 65 days for the selection of the rootstocks and 45 days for the evaluation of the grafting method. Only the H7996 can be recommended as a R. solanacearum resistant rootstock. The other genotypes showed susceptibility to the pathogen. The grafting on the H7996 did not show incompatibility with the scion tomato cultivars tested and reached 100 % control of the bacterial wilt disease, for all treatments, suggesting that this method can be used as an alternative for the bacterial wilt control, allowing the production of susceptible tomato cultivars in areas infested with R. solanacearum A suscetibilidade do tomateiro à murcha bacteriana (Ralstonia solanacearum causa perdas que vão de 10 a 100 % na produção e uma das alternativas de controle que vem sendo utilizada é a enxertia com porta-enxerto resistente. Este trabalho teve o objetivo avaliar genótipos de tomateiro quanto à resistência a R. solanacearum e a enxertia como alternativa para o controle da murcha bacteriana do tomateiro na região do Recôncavo Baiano. Para avalia

Nuclear Collective Hamiltonian and Deformations; Yadernyj kollektivnyj gamil'tonian i deformatsii

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, Krishna [Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (Denmark)

1968-12-15

kollektivnom gamil'toniane Bora i modeli s parnym i kvadrupol'nym vzaimodejstviem. S pomoshh'ju chislennogo podbora velichiny svjazej mezhdu pjat'ju komponentami kvadrupol'nogo dvizhenija teorija mozhet ob{sup j}asnit' i predskazyvat' mnogie tendencii nizkolezhashhih urovnej i jelektromagnitnyh perehodov v oblasti W-Os-Pt. Nulevye kolebanija igrajut vazhnuju rol' v razmytii volnovoj funkcii jadra v ploskosti {beta}-{gamma}, tak chto povedenie jadra sushhestvenno zavisit ot po-vedenija kollektivnogo gamil'toniana vdali ot ravnovesnoj formy. Zavisimost' gamil'toniana ot u, i osobenno chlena v potenciale, otvechajushhego za raznicu vytjanutoj i spljusnutoj formy, igraet rjoshajushhuju rol' v rasshheplenii 2'{sup +} i 4{sup +} sostojanij i v sostojanijah I Not-Equal-To 0, s kvadrupol'nymi momentami, neravnymi nulju i imejushhimi mesto dazhe v sluchae sfericheskoj ravnovesnoj formy ili polnost'ju assimmetrichnoj s {gamma} = 30 Degree-Sign . Angarmonichnost' shesti inercionnyh funkcij gamil'toniana Bora vyzyvaet smeshivanie {beta}-{gamma} polos v protonah W, umen'shaet {beta}-{gamma} smeshivanie v izotopah Os i nejtralizuet razlichie v potenciale vytjanutoj i spljusnutoj formy. Takim obrazom, rasschitannyj spektr 196Pt okazalsja kolebatel'nym. Raschety dlja {sup 196}Pt dajut kak dostatochno bol'shoj otricatel'nyj kvadru- pol'nyj moment pervogo 2{sup +} sostojanija, tak i maluju verojatnost' prjamogo perehoda iz osnovnogo sostojanija na vtoroe 2{sup +} sostojanie. Odnako asschitannye 2+ (sostojanija {sup 192-196}Pt nahodjatsja na 0,1-0,2 Mjev vyshe. Velichiny V(E2; 2 Rightwards-Arrow 2'), rasschitannye dlja jetoj oblasti, bol'she nabljudaemyh priblizitel'no raza v dva. Ukazyvajutsja nekotorye vozmozhnye puti sovershenstvovanija metodiki. (author)

Viabilidade de uso do híbrido Hawaii 7996 como porta-enxerto de cultivares comerciais de tomate Potential of Hawaii 7996 hybrid as rootstock for tomato cultivars

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suane Coutinho Cardoso

2006-01-01

Full Text Available A técnica de enxertia é utilizada em algumas hortaliças, principalmente em áreas infestadas, para atribuir resistência a patógenos do solo, minimizando as perdas de produção de cultivares suscetíveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento e a produtividade de plantas de tomateiro enxertadas em híbrido, tido como resistente a Ralstonia solanacearum, em comparação a pés-francos. O experimento foi desenvolvido em viveiro (produção de mudas e enxertia e em céu aberto, no município de Cruz das Almas, Bahia, no período de outubro de 2003 a fevereiro de 2004. Utilizou-se o método de enxertia de fenda cheia, com o híbrido 'Hawaii 7996' como porta-enxerto e as cultivares Santa Clara, Santa Cruz Kada e Débora Plus, suscetíveis a R. solanacearum, como enxerto. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (3 enxertados e 3 pés-francos, 5 repetições e 6 plantas por parcela útil. Avaliaram-se os caracteres: diâmetro do caule, altura da planta e da primeira inflorescência, distância entre inflorescências e produtividade comercial de frutos. O desenvolvimento das plantas, a produção total e a massa média dos frutos foram semelhantes para os tratamentos enxertados em relação a seus respectivos pés-francos e não houve incompatibilidade entre porta-enxerto e enxerto. A cultivar Santa Cruz Kada foi mais sensível às condições agroecológicas do município de Cruz das Almas, refletindo negativamente na produção e no peso médio dos frutos. Observou-se na enxertia com o híbrido 'Hawaii 7996' potencial para viabilizar a produção de tomateiros comerciais suscetíveis à murcha bacteriana, em áreas infestadas com R. solanacearum.Grafts have been used in horticultural crops, to overcome soilborne plant pathogens, and thus minimize yield losses of susceptible cultivars. This work aimed at to evaluate growth and yield of tomato plants grafted on to a hybrid resistant to Ralstonia

Eficácia de limpeza durante o beneficiamento do tomate de mesa Effectiveness of cleaning fresh market tomatoes during post harvest handling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Maria de Magalhães

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho avaliou-se a limpeza do tomate de mesa 'Débora' em relação à eficácia na qualidade dos frutos. Primeiramente, estudou-se a eficácia, com auxílio de esferas de borracha, variando-se as cerdas (náilon, sisal, PET e fibra de coco e a rotação (40, 80, 120 e 160rpm das escovas. Depois, com os melhores resultados, foram avaliadas a eficácia da limpeza em tomates e a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos mensurada pela perda de massa (%, atividade respiratória (CO2 e evolução da concentração de etileno. No primeiro ensaio, as cerdas de náilon, sisal e fibra de coco combinadas com as altas rotações tornaram a limpeza mais eficaz. A cerda PET e a rotação de 40rpm foram ineficientes, apresentando um índice de limpeza (IL inferior a 50%. Para os tomates, o tratamento com náilon a 120rpm foi o mais eficaz na limpeza (IL=91%; todavia, o tratamento com náilon 160rpm apresentou um IL inferior (88%, pois, devido à alta velocidade, os frutos pulavam e não eram envoltos pelas cerdas. Menores IL foram obtidos com fibra de coco a 80 e 120rpm, mas não estatisticamente diferentes. De modo geral, frutos limpos com náilon e sisal a 120rpm apresentaram as maiores alterações na qualidade pós-colheita quando comparados aos frutos limpos nessas mesmas cerdas a 160rpm. Maior flexibilidade das cerdas proporciona maior contato fruto/cerdas, com melhoria na eficiência de limpeza, o que pode provocar alterações na qualidade pós-colheita do fruto, porém não significativas.This research evaluated the cleaning process of fresh market tomatoes Débora in relation to the efficiency cleaning and fruit quality. First, the efficiency cleaning was carried, with rubber spheres, changing the types of bristles (nylon, sisal fiber, PET and coconut fiber as well as the rotation (40, 80, 120 and 160rpm of rotary brushes. Afterwards, with the best results, the studies were carried out with fresh market tomatoes to evaluate cleaning efficiency

Desempenho de híbridos de tomate de crescimento indeterminado em função de sistemas de condução de plantas Performance of tomato hybrids of indeterminate growth depending on training systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Evandro S Matos

2012-06-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar dois sistemas de tutoramento e condução de plantas na produtividade e seus componentes em híbridos de tomateiro dos segmentos Salada Longa Vida e Santa Cruz de crescimento indeterminado, visando ao consumo in natura. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com os tratamentos em esquema fatorial 5x2, quatro repetições, sendo avaliados cinco híbridos comerciais, três pertencentes ao grupo Salada Longa Vida ('Alambra', 'Paron' e 'Forty' e dois do grupo Santa Cruz ('Débora Pto' e 'Ellus', em dois sistemas de condução de plantas (bambu e fitilho. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, em Itatiba (SP, de julho de 2007 a janeiro de 2008. Foram consideradas todas as plantas de cada parcela e avaliaram-se a produtividade total, produtividade comercial, produção por planta, massa média de frutos, número total de frutos, número de frutos comercializáveis, número de frutos das classes '3A', '2A' e '1A', número de frutos manchado e com lóculo aberto. Não houve interação entre cultivar e sistema de condução de planta para maioria das características avaliadas, exceto número total de frutos, número de frutos comercializáveis e número de frutos da classe '2A'. O sistema de condução de plantas com uma haste tutorada com fitilho proporcionou incremento na massa média de frutos e número de frutos da classe '3A', e decréscimo do número de frutos da classe '1A', sem reduzir a produtividade total e comercial quando comparado ao método de condução tradicional no bambu com duas hastes por planta.The objective of this work was to determine the effect of training and of two staking systems for plants on yield potential and its components of tomato hybrids of the Salad Extended Shelf Life and Santa Cruz types of indeterminate growth, aiming in natura market. In this experiment we adopted the randomized block design with the treatments in a 5x2 factorial scheme, and four

1970-1995: un reloj atrasado y otro tren perdido

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guiral, Antoni

2011-09-01

Full Text Available It is an important period as a nearly total breaking with the way the cartoon story is understood happens; this kind of publications will not be devoted any more to the leisure and the education of the children and the young readers. The echos of the authored comic slowly came to Spain, there are some shy national authors along with works published in France, Argentina and Italy which are translated. As it is considered as a narrative expression form and grapically complex, it also stimulates the research on this media through different publications and exhibitions or even through semiological studies made at the university. In the late franquismo some magazines, fascicles and books, are published and show that this media had become “adult”. In one hand there are some experiments done related to genres like fantasy, adventures or horror and in the other hand, the underground comic appears as a countercultural autoctonous experience. Magazines such as Totem, Blue Jeans or Bumerang fixed from 1977 the guidelines that marked the following revolution of the Spanish industry. The very first disembarkation, compact and real, of the comic for adults, happens in 1978 with the publishing of a comic called 1984, then some new magazines such as El Víbora, Cimoc or Cairo got published too. The evolution of the comic devoted to children and young people is studied too. Considered in a certain way as an industrial process, this ended in 1986 with the closing of the Bruguera Publishing House.

Se trata de una época importante porque se produce una ruptura prácticamente total con una forma de entender la historieta dirigida al ocio y la educación de los lectores infantiles y juveniles. Los ecos de un cómic de autor llegan poco a poco a España, bien en tímidos intentos de autores nacionales, bien en traducciones de obras aparecidas sobre todo en Francia, Argentina e Italia. La consideración como forma

Efficiency of the Shut-Down and Safety Equipment and the Kinetic Characteristics of the G2 and G3 Reactors; Efficacite des dispositifs de secours et de securite et caracteristiques cinetiques des piles G2 et G3; Ehffektivnost' sistem avarijnoj zashchity reaktorov G.2 i G.3 i kineticheskie kharakteristiki ehtikh sistem; Caracteristicas cineticas y eficacia de los dispositivos de auxilio y de seguridad de los reactores G2 y G3

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Henri, C.; Plisson, J.; Teste duBailler, A. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France)

1963-10-15

dispositivos de seguridad instalados. (author) [Russian] Opyt, priobretennyj v techenie neskol'kikh let ehkspluatatsii reaktorov G.2 i G.3, daet vozmozhnost' podtverdit' vysokuyu stepen' bezopasnosti raboty semejstva reaktorov na prirodnom urane, grafite i gaze. Opisyvayutsya ustanovki avarijnoj zashity, kotorye pozvolyaet predotvrashchat', s odnoj storony, takie avarii kak prekrashchenie postupleniya ehlektroehnergii v raspredelitel'nuyu set', ostanovka tsirkulyatsii gaza, prekrashchenie podachi vody i t.d., i, s drugoj storony, takie avarii, kak razrushenie obolochki, mestnye peregrevy, poterya zhidkogo teplonositelya i t.d. Printsipial'nye skhemy dayut ob{sup y}asnenie rabote ehtikh ustanovok. Izuchaetsya, glavnym obrazom, ehlektrosnabzhenie i ''kontrol''' pri avarijnykh situatsiyakh, avarijnoe snabzhenie vodoj i tsepochka avarijnoj zashchity. Ukazyvayutsya posledovatel'nye izmeneniya i uluchsheniya ehtikh ustanovok S pomoshch'yu ehksperimental'nogo issledovaniya povedeniya reaktorov na nestatsionarnom rezhime vyyavlyayutsya vnutrenne prisushchie ehtim reaktoram kharakteristiki zashchity. Issledovaniya pozvolyayut podttverdit' prigodnost' raschetnogo metoda. (author)

Cloud amount/frequency, NITRATE and other data from EWA, BORA and other platforms from 1928-08-16 to 1985-12-17 (NODC Accession 9300135)

Data.gov (United States)

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — The Ocean Serial data in this accession was collected by Poland as part of Global Ocean Data Archeaology and Rescue (GODAR) project using over 14 ships. The data was...

Escuela y TICs: los caminos de la innovación. Débora Kozak (coordinadora; A. Artopoulos; A. Bustos Sánchez; V. Funes; C. Lion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barranquero, María Fernanda

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Es un libro de interés para quienes trabajan en tecnologías y educación ya que ofrece de manera sintética marcos referenciales para un mejor entendimiento de los desafíos que presenta la incorporación de TICs en el campo educativo y orientaciones para facilitar su aprovechamiento.

Fluorescent strategy based on cationic conjugated polymer fluorescence resonance energy transfer for the quantification of 5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine in genomic DNA.

Science.gov (United States)

Hong, Tingting; Wang, Tianlu; Guo, Pu; Xing, Xiwen; Ding, Fei; Chen, Yuqi; Wu, Jinjun; Ma, Jingwei; Wu, Fan; Zhou, Xiang

2013-11-19

DNA methylation is dynamically reprogrammed during early embryonic development in mammals. It can be explained partially by the discovery of 5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC), which are identified as key players involved in both active and passive demethylation pathways. As one of the ten-eleven translocation oxidation products, 5-hmC was found relatively abundant in neuron cells and embryonic stem cells. Herein we report a new method for 5-hmC quantification in genomic DNA based on CCP-FRET (cationic conjugated polymers act as the energy donor and induce fluorescence resonance energy transfer) assay combined with KRuO4 oxidation. 5-hmC in genomic DNA can be selectively transformed into 5-fC by the oxidation of KRuO4 and then labeled with hydroxylamine-BODIPY (BODIPY = 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) fluorophore through the reaction between 5-fC and hydroxylamine-BODIPY. After the fluorescently labeled DNA was captured by CCP through electrostatic interactions, a significant FRET between CCP and hydroxylamine-BODIPY fluorophore was observed. This CCP-FRET-based assay benefits from light-harvesting, large Stokes shift, and optical signal amplification properties of the CCP. Furthermore, this CCP-FRET-based assay was quite successfully demonstrated for the 5-hmC quantification in three types of cells (mESc, HeLa, HEK 293T), providing a much more convenient choice for 5-hmC quantification in genomic DNA.

International seminar in fiscal 1998 on the development and promotion of global environment-related industrial technologies. Report on International Workshops on CO{sub 2} Cycling and Metabolism in Coral Reef; 1998 nendo chikyu sangyo gijutsu kaihatsu suishin jigyo. 'Sangosho ni okeru busshitsu ido to tanso junkan' kokusai workshop hokokusho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

For the study of CO{sub 2} absorption and fixation in the marine ecosystem, studies of coral reefs by RITE (Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth) were subjected to discussion at the above-named workshops. It is after the elapse of a long geological time on the earth that CO2 in the atmosphere has arrived at the current level of concentration thanks to fixation and calcification by living organisms and to dissolution into the seawater. In the formation of CaCO{sub 3} that constitutes the coral skeleton, 1 mol Ca combines with 2 mol bicarbonates for the production of 1 mol CaCO{sub 3} and 1 mol CO{sub 2}. The reaction may suggests a consequential increase of CO2 in the atmosphere but such CO{sub 2} is in reality consumed by being converted into organic substances in a photosynthetic process performed by symbiotic algae. Calculation was made for the whole of Bora Bay, Miyakojima Island, and the result was that 700kg-C/day comes to be stored in the form of organic matters in the community of coral reef organisms. In a coral reef, even when it emits CO2 into the atmosphere, there is organic matter production which exceeds the lost CO{sub 2}. Coral reefs fix carbon out of the seawater at the rate of 0.42Gt-C/year, which is the aggregate of 0.3Gt organic matters and 0.12Gt CaCO{sub 3}. (NEDO)

Carbon Dioxide Variability in the Gulf of Trieste (GOT) in the Northern Adriatic Sea

Science.gov (United States)

Turk, D.; McGillis, W. R.; Malacic, V.; Degrandpre, M.

2008-12-01

Coastal marine regions such as the Gulf of Trieste GOT in the Northern Adriatic Sea serve as the link between carbon cycling on land and the ocean interior and potentially contribute large uncertainties in the estimate of anthropogenic CO2 uptake. This system may be either a sink or a source for atmospheric CO2. Understanding the sources and sinks as a result of biological and physical controls for air-sea carbon dioxide fluxes in coastal waters may substantially alter the current view of the global carbon budget for unique terrestrial and ocean regions such as the GOT. GOT is a semi-enclosed Mediterranean basin situated in the northern part of Adriatic Sea. It is one of the most productive regions in the Mediterranean and is affected by extreme fresh river input, phytoplankton blooms, and large changes of air-sea exchange during Bora high wind events. The unique combination of these environmental processes and relatively small size of the area makes the region an excellent study site for investigations of air-sea interaction, and changes in biology and carbon chemistry. However, there is a dearth of current data or information from the region. Here we present the first measurements of air and water CO2 flux in the GOT. The aqueous CO2 was measured at the Coastal Oceanographic buoy Piran, Slovenia using the SAMI CO2 sensor during spring and late summer and fall 2007. CO2 measurements were combined with hydrological and biological observations to evaluate the processes that control carbon cycling in the region.

O período toxêmico da esquistossomose

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Leocádio

1969-06-01

Full Text Available O A. apresenta seis casos de pacientes observados durante o período toxêmico da esquistosomose mansônica. Dêstes, um foi de mulher cuja sintomatologia datava de um ano. Concebeu e deu à luz durante a enfermidade. Apresentava sinais de fibrose hepática quando do primeiro exame, ainda na vigência de sintomas do período agudo da enfermidade. Todos êstes pacientes apresentavam febre, dores abdominais, hepatoesplenomegalia e outras manifestações que têm sido descritas neste período da parasitose. Como notas dominantes no hemograma, leucocitose com eosinofilia, como ocorre nas infecções por helmintos com ciclo textrino, e anemia. Esta, nem todos apresentavam. Além de alterações do equilíbrio proteico e de resultados da exploração funcional do fígado, o A. chamou a atenção para a hípoglicemia e hipocolesterolemia encontradas em alguns dos observados. Foi digno de registro, também, a positividade tardia da intradermorreação para diagnóstico da esquistosomose. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento antimonial, com bom resultado. Como reação colateral devemos mencionar a exacerbação da febre forçando, por vêzes à interrupção do mesmo. O A. faz referências a outros recursos terapêuticos empregados no Oriente: o F30.066, um nitrofurano de uso oral, e as sementes de Cucurbita moshata. Sugere a investigação em animais e no homem com sementes de abóbora outrora empregadas como tenifugo

Wintertime dynamics in the coastal northeastern Adriatic Sea: the NAdEx 2015 experiment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. Vilibić

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The paper investigates the wintertime dynamics of the coastal northeastern Adriatic Sea and is based on numerical modelling and in situ data collected through field campaigns executed during the winter and spring of 2015. The data were collected with a variety of instruments and platforms (acoustic Doppler current profilers, conductivity–temperature–depth probes, glider, profiling float and are accompanied by the atmosphere–ocean ALADIN/ROMS modelling system. The research focused on the dense-water formation (DWF, thermal changes, circulation, and water exchange between the coastal and open Adriatic. According to both observations and modelling results, dense waters are formed in the northeastern coastal Adriatic during cold bora outbreaks. However, the dense water formed in this coastal region has lower densities than the dense water formed in the open Adriatic due to lower salinities. Since the coastal area is deeper than the open Adriatic, the observations indicate (i balanced inward–outward exchange at the deep connecting channels of denser waters coming from the open Adriatic DWF site and less-dense waters coming from the coastal region and (ii outward flow of less-dense waters dominating in the intermediate and surface layers. The latter phenomenon was confirmed by the model, even if it significantly underestimates the currents and transports in the connecting channels. The median residence time of the coastal area is estimated to be approximately 20 days, indicating that the coastal area may be renewed relatively quickly by the open Adriatic waters. The data that were obtained represent a comprehensive marine dataset that can be used to calibrate atmospheric and oceanic numerical models and point to several interesting phenomena to be investigated in the future.

Comparação de métodos de enxertia em pepino

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Canizares Kathia Alexandra L.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Foram comparados três métodos de enxertia sobre o crescimento, floração e produção de pepino (Cucumis sativus L., híbrido Hokuho enxertado em abóbora (Cucurbita maxima Duch., hibrido Excite Ikky. O ensaio foi instalado em ambiente protegido na UNESP-FCA em Botucatu. Plantas enxertadas por fenda, encostia e perfuração apical foram comparadas com plantas não enxertadas. As características avaliadas foram sobrevivência de mudas, altura da planta, número de internódios, diâmetro do hipocótilo, número de dias até a floração, número de flores femininas e masculinas, número de dias até o inicio da colheita, número de frutos abortados e comerciáveis/planta em cinco semanas de colheita. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições e dois vasos por parcela. As plantas não enxertadas apresentaram maior porcentagem de sobrevivência. A enxertia por qualquer método não influenciou na altura das plantas, mas o número de internódios foi superior nas plantas enxertadas por fenda. O diâmetro do hipocótilo e o número de frutos abortados foi maior nas plantas enxertadas. A enxertia não modificou a expressão sexual nem a produção de frutos comerciáveis/planta. Foi observada a presença de brilho na casca de todos os frutos colhidos de plantas enxertadas.

Recent Advances of Individual BODIPY and BODIPY-Based Functional Materials in Medical Diagnostics and Treatment.

Science.gov (United States)

Marfin, Yuriy S; Solomonov, Alexey V; Timin, Alexander S; Rumyantsev, Evgeniy V

2017-01-01

The group of fluorophores on boron dipyrrin platform (4,4- difluoro-4-bora3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene, also known as BODIPY) has attracted much attention in the field of molecular sensorics, including sensing of biomolecules and bioprocesses. Structural diversity of existing BODIPY with ample opportunities of directed modification of compounds makes this class of fluorophores attractive for medical and biological purposes. The recent progress in the design and functionalization of BODIPY allows using them for modification of drug micro- and nanocarriers in order to improve their therapeutic effect in cancer treatment. At the same time, integration of BODIPY into drug carriers provides the possibility of in vitro and in vivo real time imaging of used drug carriers. The high fluorescent intensity and low toxicity of BODIPY granted for conjugation with different biomolecules. The present review focuses on the recent advances for application of individual BODIPY in medical diagnostics, antimicrobial activity, as well as establishing the role of BODIPY in labeling of biomolecules (e.g. proteins, hormones and DNA). Also the review highlights the potential of BODIPY in functionalization of drug micro- and nanocarriers in order to achieve better therapeutic efficiency compared with non-modified materials. The advantages derived from the use of BODIPY for preparation and modification of drug carriers are critically evaluated and potential for future challenges, especially concerning the design of innovative multi-functional BODIPY-based nanocarriers, is discussed in detail using representative examples from literature. Our objective was to show that BODIPY are powerful tools for bioimaging, labeling of biomolecules and construction of new multifunctional drug carriers. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Near-surface wind variability over the broader Adriatic region: insights from an ensemble of regional climate models

Science.gov (United States)

Belušić, Andreina; Prtenjak, Maja Telišman; Güttler, Ivan; Ban, Nikolina; Leutwyler, David; Schär, Christoph

2018-06-01

Over the past few decades the horizontal resolution of regional climate models (RCMs) has steadily increased, leading to a better representation of small-scale topographic features and more details in simulating dynamical aspects, especially in coastal regions and over complex terrain. Due to its complex terrain, the broader Adriatic region represents a major challenge to state-of-the-art RCMs in simulating local wind systems realistically. The objective of this study is to identify the added value in near-surface wind due to the refined grid spacing of RCMs. For this purpose, we use a multi-model ensemble composed of CORDEX regional climate simulations at 0.11° and 0.44° grid spacing, forced by the ERA-Interim reanalysis, a COSMO convection-parameterizing simulation at 0.11° and a COSMO convection-resolving simulation at 0.02° grid spacing. Surface station observations from this region and satellite QuikSCAT data over the Adriatic Sea have been compared against daily output obtained from the available simulations. Both day-to-day wind and its frequency distribution are examined. The results indicate that the 0.44° RCMs rarely outperform ERA-Interim reanalysis, while the performance of the high-resolution simulations surpasses that of ERA-Interim. We also disclose that refining the grid spacing to a few km is needed to properly capture the small-scale wind systems. Finally, we show that the simulations frequently yield the accurate angle of local wind regimes, such as for the Bora flow, but overestimate the associated wind magnitude. Finally, spectral analysis shows good agreement between measurements and simulations, indicating the correct temporal variability of the wind speed.

Wintertime dynamics in the coastal northeastern Adriatic Sea: the NAdEx 2015 experiment

Science.gov (United States)

Vilibić, Ivica; Mihanović, Hrvoje; Janeković, Ivica; Denamiel, Cléa; Poulain, Pierre-Marie; Orlić, Mirko; Dunić, Natalija; Dadić, Vlado; Pasarić, Mira; Muslim, Stipe; Gerin, Riccardo; Matić, Frano; Šepić, Jadranka; Mauri, Elena; Kokkini, Zoi; Tudor, Martina; Kovač, Žarko; Džoić, Tomislav

2018-03-01

The paper investigates the wintertime dynamics of the coastal northeastern Adriatic Sea and is based on numerical modelling and in situ data collected through field campaigns executed during the winter and spring of 2015. The data were collected with a variety of instruments and platforms (acoustic Doppler current profilers, conductivity-temperature-depth probes, glider, profiling float) and are accompanied by the atmosphere-ocean ALADIN/ROMS modelling system. The research focused on the dense-water formation (DWF), thermal changes, circulation, and water exchange between the coastal and open Adriatic. According to both observations and modelling results, dense waters are formed in the northeastern coastal Adriatic during cold bora outbreaks. However, the dense water formed in this coastal region has lower densities than the dense water formed in the open Adriatic due to lower salinities. Since the coastal area is deeper than the open Adriatic, the observations indicate (i) balanced inward-outward exchange at the deep connecting channels of denser waters coming from the open Adriatic DWF site and less-dense waters coming from the coastal region and (ii) outward flow of less-dense waters dominating in the intermediate and surface layers. The latter phenomenon was confirmed by the model, even if it significantly underestimates the currents and transports in the connecting channels. The median residence time of the coastal area is estimated to be approximately 20 days, indicating that the coastal area may be renewed relatively quickly by the open Adriatic waters. The data that were obtained represent a comprehensive marine dataset that can be used to calibrate atmospheric and oceanic numerical models and point to several interesting phenomena to be investigated in the future.

Efficient Förster resonance energy transfer in 1,2,3-triazole linked BODIPY-Zn(II) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin donor-acceptor arrays.

Science.gov (United States)

Leonardi, Matthew J; Topka, Michael R; Dinolfo, Peter H

2012-12-17

Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactivity was successfully employed to synthesize three donor-acceptor energy transfer (EnT) arrays that contain one (Dyad), three (Tetrad) and four (Pentad) 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) donors connected to a Zn-tetraphenylporphyrin acceptor via 1,2,3-triazole linkages. The photophysical properties of the three arrays, along with individual donor and acceptor chromophores, were investigated by UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetimes, and density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure modeling. Comparison of the UV-vis absorption spectra and frontier molecular orbitals from DFT calculations of the three arrays with ZnTPP, ZnTTrzlP, and Trzl-BODIPY shows that the electronic structure of the chromophores is essentially unperturbed by the 1,2,3-triazole linkage. Time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations on the Dyad reproduce the absorption spectra in THF and show no evidence of excited state mixing of the donor and acceptor. The BODIPY singlet excited state emission is significantly quenched in all three arrays, consistent with EnT to the porphyrin core, with efficiencies of 95.8, 97.5, and 97.2% for the Dyad, Tetrad, and Pentad, respectively. Fluorescence excitation spectra of the three arrays, measured at the porphyrin emission, mirror the absorption profile of both the porphyrin and BODIPY chromophores and are consistent with the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism. Applying Förster theory to the spectroscopic data of the chromophores gives EnT efficiency estimates that are in close agreement with experimental values, suggesting that the through-space mechanism plays a dominant role in the three arrays.

A modification of the method for determining current efficiency of aluminium electrolytic cells; Modification de la methode permettant de determiner le rendement des cuves dans la production d'aluminium par electrolyse; Izmenenie metoda opredeleniya ehffektivnosti toka v alyuminievykh ehlektroliticheskikh bakakh; Modificacion del metodo para determinar el rendimiento de las celdas utilizadas en la produccion de aluminio por electrolisis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pradzynski, A [Institute of Basic Technical Problems, Polish Academy of Sciences. Warsaw (Poland); Orman, Z [Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Gliwice (Poland)

1962-01-15

alyuminievykh pechakh, opisannyj vpervye REMPELEM i dr., byl usovershenstvovan BOZUKI i dr. pri pomoshchi ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnogo izotopa zolota Au{sup 198}. Pri provedenii upomyanutogo issledovaniya byli izgotovleny obraztsy splavov alyuminiya s zolotom Au{sup 198}, i proby ehtikh obraztsov s vysokoj udel'noj aktivnost'yu byli izmereny pri pomoshchi schetchika Gejgera-Myullera so svintsovym poglotitelem, vstavlennym mezhdu schetchikom i proboj. Udel'naya aktivnost' obraztsa splava byla izmerena posle razbavleniya ego opredelennym kolichestvom chistogo alyuminiya. Takim obrazom proby razbavlennogo splava i proby, vzyatye iz ehlektroliticheskogo baka, imeli udel'nuyu aktivnost' togo zhe poryadka velichiny i mogli izmeryat'sya bez vsyakogo poglotitelya. Dlya togo, chtoby oblegchit' primenenie ehtogo metoda na alyuminievom zavode i vo izbezhanie vsyakikh ogranichenij i opasnosti, svyazannykh s obrashcheniem s otkrytymi radioaktivnymi istochnikami vne osobykh laboratorij, prednaznachennykh dlya issledovaniya radioaktivnykh izotopov, byl ispol'zovan radioaktivatsionnyj analiz. K obraztsu splava, a takzhe i v nakhodyashchuyusya v ehlektroliticheskom bake plavil'nuyu vannu bylo dobavleno neaktivirovannoe zoloto. Kontsentratsiya zolota kak v obraztsakh splava, tak i v plavil'noj smesi byla zatem izmerena posle oblucheniya prob v yadernom reaktore. (author)

Economical study on the choice of the methods for processing radioactive waste with regard for their further burial.; Ehkonomicheskie issledovaniya po vyboru sposobov pererabotki radioaktivnykh otkhodov s uchetom ikh dal`nejshego zakhoroneniya.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Avdeev, O K; Lyakhov, V F [Naukovo-Tekhnyichnij Tsentr z dezaktivatsyiyi ta kompleksnogo povodzhennya z radyioaktivnimi vyidkhodami, Zhovtyi Vodi (Ukraine)

1994-12-31

Results of economical studies in the field of rational application of different methods of processing of low- and middle-active RAW are presented. They are as follows: burning, compaction, metal decontamination by chemical treatment and remelting, hardening of RAW. It is shown that efficient use of the processes of burning, supercompaction, chemical and pyrodecontamination of metal may be achieved only when processing considerable amounts of waste under conditions of a single Centre for processing and burial of RAW.

Radionuclide investigations of the hormonal reflection of warm stress in cancer patients under whole body guided hyperthermia. Radionuklidnye issledovaniya gormonal'nykh proyavlenij teplovogo stressa u onkologicheskikh bol'nykh pri obshchej upravlyaemoj gipertermii

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prokhorova, V I; Zhavrid, Eh A; Fradkin, S Z; Tsyrus' , T P; Shitikov, B D; Kosheleva, M I

1991-01-01

The results of the radioimmunoassay of ACTH, ST, hydrocortisone, glucagon, C-peptide, insulin and cyclic nucleotides in 180 patients with advanced and metastatic melanomas, soft tissue sarcomas, lung cancers and renal cell carcinomas testify to the development of the syndrome of endocrine hyperfunction in patients under whole-body guided hyperthermia and artificial hyperglycemia as well as of functional pancreas insufficiency. The data presented form a biochemical basis for working out measures to optimally carry out whole-body hyperthermia and artificial hyperglycemia treatment, aimed at increasing the range of indications for its use in clinical oncology.

Preliminary biocompatibility investigation of magnetic albumin nanosphere designed as a potential versatile drug delivery system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Estevanato L

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Luciana Estevanato1, Débora Cintra1, Nayara Baldini1, Flávia Portilho1, Luzirlane Barbosa1, Olímpia Martins2, Bruno Lacava3, Ana Luisa Miranda-Vilela1, Antônio Cláudio Tedesco2, Sônia Báo1, Paulo C Morais4, Zulmira GM Lacava11Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 2Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Fotobiologia e Fotomedicina, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 3Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 4Instituto de Física, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, BrazilBackground: The magnetic albumin nanosphere (MAN, encapsulating maghemite nanoparticles, was designed as a magnetic drug delivery system (MDDS able to perform a variety of biomedical applications. It is noteworthy that MAN was efficient in treating Ehrlich's tumors by the magnetohyperthermia procedure.Methods and materials: In this study, several nanotoxicity tests were systematically carried out in mice from 30 minutes until 30 days after MAN injection to investigate their biocompatibility status. Cytometry analysis, viability tests, micronucleus assay, and histological analysis were performed.Results: Cytometry analysis and viability tests revealed MAN promotes only slight and temporary alterations in the frequency of both leukocyte populations and viable peritoneal cells, respectively. Micronucleus assay showed absolutely no genotoxicity or cytotoxicity effects and histological analysis showed no alterations or even nanoparticle clusters in several investigated organs but, interestingly, revealed the presence of MAN clusters in the central nervous system (CNS.Conclusion: The results showed that MAN has desirable in vivo biocompatibility, presenting potential for use as a MDDS, especially in CNS disease therapy.Keywords: nanotoxicity, nanoparticle, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, brain

Lateral transport of solutes in microfluidic channels using electrochemically generated gradients in redox-active surfactants.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Xiaoyang; Abbott, Nicholas L

2011-04-15

We report principles for a continuous flow process that can separate solutes based on a driving force for selective transport that is generated by a lateral concentration gradient of a redox-active surfactant across a microfluidic channel. Microfluidic channels fabricated with gold electrodes lining each vertical wall were used to electrochemically generate concentration gradients of the redox-active surfactant 11-ferrocenylundecyl-trimethylammonium bromide (FTMA) in a direction perpendicular to the flow. The interactions of three solutes (a hydrophobic dye, 1-phenylazo-2-naphthylamine (yellow AB), an amphiphilic molecule, 2-(4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-pentanoyl)-1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (BODIPY C(5)-HPC), and an organic salt, 1-methylpyridinium-3-sulfonate (MPS)) with the lateral gradients in surfactant/micelle concentration were shown to drive the formation of solute-specific concentration gradients. Two distinct physical mechanisms were identified to lead to the solute concentration gradients: solubilization of solutes by micelles and differential adsorption of the solutes onto the walls of the microchannels in the presence of the surfactant concentration gradient. These two mechanisms were used to demonstrate delipidation of a mixture of BODIPY C(5)-HPC (lipid) and MPS and purification of BODIPY C(5)-HPC from a mixture of BODIPY C(5)-HPC and yellow AB. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that lateral concentration gradients of redox-active surfactants formed within microfluidic channels can be used to transport solutes across the microfluidic channels in a solute-dependent manner. The approach employs electrical potentials (solutions having high ionic strength (>0.1M), and offers the basis of continuous processes for the purification or separation of solutes in microscale systems. © 2011 American Chemical Society

Dried blood spot HIV-1 RNA quantification using open real-time systems in South Africa and Burkina Faso.

Science.gov (United States)

Viljoen, Johannes; Gampini, Sandrine; Danaviah, Sivapragashini; Valéa, Diane; Pillay, Sureshnee; Kania, Dramane; Méda, Nicolas; Newell, Marie-Louise; Van de Perre, Philippe; Rouet, François

2010-11-01

There is an urgent need to assess the accuracy/feasibility of using dried blood spots (DBS) for monitoring of HIV-1 viral load in resource-limited settings. A total of 892 DBS from HIV-1-positive pregnant women and their neonates enrolled in the Kesho Bora prevention of mother-to-child transmission trial conducted in Durban (South Africa) and Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) between May 2005 and July 2008 were tested for HIV-1 RNA. The combination Nuclisens extraction method (BioMérieux)/Generic HIV Viral Load assay (Biocentric) was performed using one DBS (in Durban) versus 2 DBS (in Bobo-Dioulasso) on 2 distinct open real-time polymerase chain reaction instruments. DBS HIV-1 RNA results were compared with plasma HIV-1 RNA and HIV serology results used as the gold standards. The limits of detection of assays on DBS were 3100 and 1550 copies per milliliter in Durban and Bobo-Dioulasso, respectively. DBS HIV-1 RNA values correlated significantly with plasma levels (n = 327; R = 0.7351) and were uniformly distributed according to duration of DBS storage at -20°C (median duration, 280 days). For early infant diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% (95% confidence interval: 97.2 to 100.0 and 96.5 to 100.0, respectively). HIV-1 viral load kinetics in DNase-pretreated DBS were similar to those obtained in plasma specimens among 13 patients receiving antiretroviral treatment. HIV-1 RNA findings from serial infant DBS collected prospectively (n = 164) showed 100% concordance with HIV serology at 18 months of life. Our findings strongly advocate the implementation of DBS HIV-1 RNA testing in remote areas from low-income and middle-income countries.

Behavioral interactions of simvastatin and fluoxetine in tests of anxiety and depression

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santos T

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Tainaê Santos,1 Monaliza Marizete Baungratz,1 Suellen Priscila Haskel,2 Daniela Delwing de Lima,3 Júlia Niehues da Cruz,4 Débora Delwing Dal Magro,5 José Geraldo Pereira da Cruz51Department of Medicine, 2Department of Physiotherapy, Regional University of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 3Department of Pharmacy, University of Joinville Region, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 4Department of Medicine, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil; 5Department of Natural Sciences, Regional University of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, BrazilAbstract: Simvastatin inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, and is widely used to control plasma cholesterol levels and prevent cardiovascular disease. However, emerging evidence indicates that the beneficial effects of simvastatin extend to the central nervous system. The effects of simvastatin combined with fluoxetine provide an exciting and potential paradigm to decreased anxiety and depression. Thus, the present paper investigates the possibility of synergistic interactions between simvastatin and fluoxetine in models of anxiety and depression. We investigated the effects of subchronically administered simvastatin (1 or 10 mg/kg/day combined with fluoxetine (2 or 10 mg/kg at 24, 5, and 1 hour on adult rats before conducting behavioral tests. The results indicate that simvastatin and/or fluoxetine treatment reduces anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus-maze and open-field tests. Our results showed that simvastatin and/or fluoxetine induced a significant increase in the swimming activity during the forced swimming test (antidepressant effect, with a concomitant increase in climbing time in simvastatin-treated animals only (noradrenergic activation. We hypothesize that anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of simvastatin and/or fluoxetine produce their behavioral effects through similar mechanisms and provide

Conteúdo de NA, CL, N, P E K na abobora sob diferentes níveis de água salina e ótima condição adubação nitrogenada.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Max Venicius Teixeira da Silva

2014-07-01

Full Text Available 800x600 A abóbora (Cucurbita MoschataDuch. pertencente à família Cucurbitácea, formada por cerca de 118 gêneros e 825 espécies, e a salinidade, tanto de solos como de águas, é uma das principais causas da queda de rendimento das culturas, em razão dos efeitos de natureza osmótica, tóxica e/ou nutricional. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação na concentração de Na, Cl, N, P e K na cultura da abobora. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas 5 x 3, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos dos cinco níveis de salinidade (0,5, 1,5, 2,5, 3,5 e 4,5 dS m-1, e os níveis de nitrogênio: N1 = 30; N2 = 100 e N3 = 170 kg ha-1. Escolheu-se a dose N2 para analises de teores de nutrientes sob efeito da salinidade. A salinidade não afetou a absorção em quase todos os nutrientes, exceção, o cloreto, os frutos contribuíram com grande parte dos nutrientes na parte total (Folha+Caule+Fruto, com 82% para P, 75% de K e 66% N e o Potássio foi o nutriente mais absorvido pela planta.Palavras chaves: Salino, irrigação, sódio. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE The modulation of enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase from dendritic cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abram DM

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Débora Moitinho Abram,1 Luis Gustavo Romani Fernandes,1,2 Antônio Celso Saragossa Ramos Filho,2 Patrícia Ucelli Simioni2–4 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil; 2Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Americana, Americana, SP, Brazil; 3Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; 4Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Abstract: Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1 is an autoimmune disease in which β-cells of the pancreas islet are destroyed by T lymphocytes. Specific T cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells, mainly dendritic cells (DCs. It is already known that the regulation of tryptophan pathway in DC can be a mechanism of immunomodulation. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO is present in many cells, including DC, and participates in the metabolism of the amino acid tryptophan. Recent studies suggest the involvement of IDO in the modulation of immune response, which became more evident after the in vitro demonstration of IDO production by DC and of the ability of these cells to inhibit lymphocyte function through the control of tryptophan metabolism. Current studies on immunotherapies describe the use of DC and IDO to control the progression of the immune response that triggers DM1. The initial results obtained are promising and indicate the possibility of developing therapies for the treatment or prevention of the DM1. Clinical trials using these cells in DM1 patients represent an interesting alternative treatment. However, clinical trials are still in the initial phase and a robust group of assays is necessary. Keywords: autoimmunity, immunoregulation, diabetes mellitus type 1, clinical trials, dendritic cells, indoleamine, tryptophan

Redução da área foliar e o rendimento do pepino japonês Leaf area reduction and the yield of the japanese cucumber

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edson Shigueaki Nomura

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Para verificar o efeito da redução da área foliar sobre a produção e qualidade dos frutos de pepino japonês (híbrido Hokuho nº 2, enxertado sobre abóbora 'Excite Ikky' cultivado em ambiente protegido, foram avaliados seis tratamentos com cinco repetições e cinco plantas por parcela, no delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso. O tratamento 1 foi constituído por plantas com crescimento livre; no tratamento 2 (padrão as plantas foram conduzidas com desbrotas nos ramos laterais; no tratamento 3 as plantas foram conduzidas semelhante ao padrão, mas com eliminação de frutos tortos ainda jovens (In order to verify the defoliation effect on yield and quality of japanese cucumber ('Hokuho' grafted over 'Excite Ikky' squash under protected cultivation, five replicates of five plants per plot were used to evaluate six treatments in a randomized block design. Treatment 1 consisted of free growth plants; treatment 2 (standard of disprouted plants; treatment 3, young curved fruits (<5 cm removed; treatments 4, 5 and 6, plants removing 25%, 50% and 75% of their leaves, respectively. There were no differences in plant height, but plants of treatments 5 and 6 had greater number of nodes per plant, although they were smaller and less vigorous, presenting a smaller number of sproutings. Despite having plants with higher total yield, in treatment 1, most of them were curved and the harvest was more difficult. Plants of treatment 3 had a greater commercial yield, because all the young curved fruits were removed and the plants compensated their yield, producing other fruits with better quality and plants had better sprouting. The higher the defoliation level the greater was the yield reduction.

Spatio-temporal analysis of prodelta dynamics by means of new satellite generation: the case of Po river by Landsat-8 data

Science.gov (United States)

Manzo, Ciro; Braga, Federica; Zaggia, Luca; Brando, Vittorio Ernesto; Giardino, Claudia; Bresciani, Mariano; Bassani, Cristiana

2018-04-01

This paper describes a procedure to perform spatio-temporal analysis of river plume dispersion in prodelta areas by multi-temporal Landsat-8-derived products for identifying zones sensitive to water discharge and for providing geostatistical patterns of turbidity linked to different meteo-marine forcings. In particular, we characterized the temporal and spatial variability of turbidity and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Po River prodelta (Northern Adriatic Sea, Italy) during the period 2013-2016. To perform this analysis, a two-pronged processing methodology was implemented and the resulting outputs were analysed through a series of statistical tools. A pixel-based spatial correlation analysis was carried out by comparing temporal curves of turbidity and SST hypercubes with in situ time series of wind speed and water discharge, providing correlation coefficient maps. A geostatistical analysis was performed to determine the spatial dependency of the turbidity datasets per each satellite image, providing maps of correlation and variograms. The results show a linear correlation between water discharge and turbidity variations in the points more affected by the buoyant plumes and along the southern coast of Po River delta. Better inverse correlation was found between turbidity and SST during floods rather than other periods. The correlation maps of wind speed with turbidity show different spatial patterns depending on local or basin-scale wind effects. Variogram maps identify different spatial anisotropy structures of turbidity in response to ambient conditions (i.e. strong Bora or Scirocco winds, floods). Since the implemented processing methodology is based on open source software and free satellite data, it represents a promising tool for the monitoring of maritime ecosystems and to address water quality analyses and the investigations of sediment dynamics in estuarine and coastal waters.

Possibility of high CO{sub 2} fixation rate by coral reef ecosystems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

K. Yamada; Y. Suzuki; B.E. Casareto; H. Komiyama [Shinshu University, Tokida (Japan). Dept. of Fine Materials Engineering

2003-07-01

Previous net rates of CO{sub 2} fixation by coral reef ecosystems have been said to be nearly zero due to a balance between CO{sub 2} fixed by organic carbon production and CO{sub 2} released by both organic carbon decomposition and inorganic carbon formation. But this study, conducted in Bora Bay, Miyako Island, Japan showed net rates of about 7 gC m{sup -2} d{sup -1} inside a coral reef and on a coral reef. It was found by experiment that the photosynthetic rate of coral increased with the increase of the flow rate of seawater. The authors tried to calculate net primary production (= net rates of CO{sub 2} fixation) outside a coral reef with flow rate. A flow rate on the coral reef of the open seaside is much higher than that in a lagoon. As an example, the CO{sub 2} fixation rates at the flow rates of 6 and 30 cm/s are compared. When it is assumed that the length of the whole coral reef facing the ocean is 50,000 km and its width is 100 m, and the flow rate is 30cm/s, the CO{sub 2} fixation rate is calculated to be 6.3 x 10{sup 6} t-C/y (3.5g-C/m{sup 2}d). This value is 2.2 times higher than that at the flow rate of 6 cm/s. This fixation rate is only by the coral itself. It means that the CO{sub 2} fixation rate by coral reef ecosystems can be much higher and the magnitude for worldwide ecosystems can be in the order of 10{sup 6}-10{sup 7} t-C/y. 14 refs., 5 tabs.

Recent Research on the Irradiation of Fruits and Vegetables; Recherches Recentes sur l'Irradiation des Fruits et Legumes; Poslednie issledovaniya po oblucheniyu fruktov i ovoshchej; Investigaciones Recientes Sobre la Irradiacion de Frutas y Verduras

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sommer, N. F.; Maxie, E. C. [University of California, Davis, CA (United States)

1966-11-15

Radiation treatments of fruits and vegetables after harvest have evoked much interest for the control of market diseases, insect infestation, delay of ripening and prevention of growth. Radiation as a fungicidal treatment is of special interest because of its therapeutic action. Unfortunately, the dose is often severely limited by host sensitivity. The tolerance to irradiation varies; among species and varieties and is influenced by ripeness at time of treatment. If destined for storage, commodities may be limited to a low dose because of delayed adverse effects. The suppression of a pathogen depends primarily on its sensitivity and the extent of lesion development. Commonly a large portion of small fungus lesions are inactivated while others are delayed. To date, radiation treatments have been most promising where disease problems were most serious, as in the treatment of highly perishable commodities that are harvested when ripe and contain established disease lesions when picked. Presumably the fungicidal effect of radiation treatments could be greatly improved if pathogens could be made more sensitive, the host more resistant, or both. Use of a localized oxygen effect, chemical sensitization of pathogens, or shallow irradiation have presented formidable difficulties. More promise has been shown by combinations of radiation and heat which provide a striking synergism when used to inactivate fungi. Gamma-irradiation inhibits ripening of some fruits but is stimulatory to others. In those fruits which are caused to ripen more rapidly by irradiation, ethylene production is stimulated. Fruits in which ripening is inhibited by irradiation apparently have a reduced sensitivity to the ripening action of ethylene, and also produce less ethylene before ripening. At doses of 20 to 35 krad, ripening is inhibited in bananas for 4 to 15 days depending on maturity and the amount of mechanical injury to the fruit. Irradiated fruits ripen to good quality when given a standard ethylene treatment. Peaches and nectarines subjected to doses of gamma rays that might retard rots are excessively susceptible to transit injury. Papaya fruits show promise for gamma-ray control of the Hawaiian fruit fly. Irradiated fruits have 3 to 5 days longer shelf-life than fruits subjected to ethylene dibromide fumigation. The present outlook for the radiation treatment of various fruits and vegetables is discussed. (author) [French] On s'interesse beaucoup au fait que l'irradiation des fruits et legumes apres la recolte permet de lutter contre les maladies affectant la commercialisation, de detruire les insectes qui y sont presents, de retarder la maturation et de prevenir la germination. L'action fongicide des rayonnements est particulierement interessante en raison de ses effets therapeutiques. Malheureusement, dans de nombreux cas, la dose applicable est considerablement reduite par la sensibilite de l'hote. La tolerance a l'irradiation varie suivant l'espece et la variete, et elle est fonction du degre de maturation au moment du traitement. Si les denrees alimentaires sont destinees a etre enmagasinees, il est parfois necessaire de n'utiliser qu'une faible dose de rayonnements, pour eviter des effets nuisibles differes. La suppression d'un agent pathogene est essentiellement fonction de sa sensibilite aux rayonnements et du degre d'alteration. En regle generale, dans le cas des alterations de faible etendue provoquees par des champignons, une grande partie des organismes pathogenes sont inactives et les autres se developpent plus lentement. A ce jour, l'irradiation a donne les meilleurs resultats dans les cas ou les problemes poses par la presence d'organismes pathogenes etaient particulierement graves, par exemple, pour le traitement des denrees tres perissables que l'on recolte lorsqu'elles sont parvenues a maturation et qui presentent des alterations bien definies au moment de la recolte. Il est probable que l'effet fongicide de l'irradiation pourrait etre considerablement accru en augmentant la sensibilite des organismes pathogenes ou la resistance de l'hote, ou les deux a la fois. L'utilisation d'un effet localise de l'oxygene, la sensibilisation des organismes pathogenes par des produits chimiques ou l'irradiation a faible profondeur soulevent de tres grandes difficultes. Il serait plus facile de combiner l'action des rayonnements et celle de la chaleur, qui se conjuguent de maniere remarquable lorsqu'on les utilise pour inactiver des champignons. L'irradiation gamma inhibe la maturation de certains fruits mais stimule celle d'autres fruits. Les fruits qui murissent plus rapidement lorsqu'ils sont exposes aux rayonnements produisent egalement une plus grande quantite d'ethylene. Les fruits dont la maturation est inhibee par l'irradiation semblent moins sensibles a l'action maturatrice de l'ethylene et produisent egalement moins d'ethylene avant d'arriver a maturation. A des doses de 20 a 35 krad, la maturation des bananes est inhibee pendant 4 a 15 jours suivant le degre de maturation et l'etendue des dommages mecaniques subis par le fruit. Les fruits irradies atteignent un degre de maturation satisfaisant lorsqu'ils sont soumis a un traitement standard a l'ethylene. Les peches et brugnons soumis a des doses de rayons gamma qui pourraient retarder le pourrissement sont excessivement susceptibles d'alteration en cours de transpon. Il semble qu'en soumettant les papayes aux rayons gamma on pourra les proteger contre les effets de la mouche hawa'ienne des fruits. Apres cueillette, les fruits irradies peuvent etre conserves pendant 3 a 5 jours de plus que les fruits soumis a la fumigation par le dibromure d'ethylene. Le memoire etudie les perspectives actuellement offertes par l'irradiation de differents fruits et legumes. (author) [Spanish] La irradiacion de frutas y verduras despues de su recoleccion ha despertado gran interes por la posibilidad que ofrece de combatir las enfermedades de los productos vegetales durante su distribucion, eliminar los insectos parasitos, retardar la maduracion e impedir que germinen. La irradiacion ofrece especial interes como tratamiento fungicida por su efecto terapeutico. Pero por desgracia, la sensibilidad del portador suele limitar considerablemente la dosis. La tolerancia a las radiaciones es distinta de unas especies y variedades a otras y depende del grado de madurez en el momento de la irradiacion. Si los productos vegetales han de ser almacenados, la dosis que se les administra suele ser baja, debido a los efectos nocivos retardados. La eliminacion de un agente patogeno depende sobre todo de su sensibilidad y de la magnitud de las lesiones. Corrientemente se inactiva gran parte de las pequenas lesiones causadas por los hongos, mientras que se retarda el desarrollo de otras. Hasta la fecha, los tratemientos por irradiacion han sido mas eficaces cuando las enfermedades han presentado mayor gravedad, como en el caso de los productos altamente perecederos que se cosechan en estado de madurez y presentan lesiones patologicas caracterizadas en el momento de la recoleccion. Al parecer, el efecto fungicida de la irradiacion se intensificaria considerablemente si fuera posible incrementar la sensibilidad de los agentes patogenos, la resistencia del portador, o ambas cosas a la vez. El empleo de oxigenantes localizados, la sensibilizacion de los agentes patogenos por via quimica o mediante irradiacion en bajas dosis presentan enormes dificultades. Mejores perspectivas ofrece la combinacion de la irradiacion y del tratamiento termico, cuya accion concertada, cuando se utilizan para inactivar hongos, es sumamente eficaz. Las radiaciones gamma inhiben la maduracion de algunas frutas pero estimulan la de otras. Las frutas que maduran mas rapidamente por irradiacion producen mayor cantidad de etileno. Las frutas cuya maduracion se inhibe por irradiacion tienen, en apariencia, menor sensibilidad al efecto madurador del etileno y, ademas, producen menos etileno antes de madurar. Las dosis de 20 a 35 krad inhiben la maduracion de los platanos de 4 a 15 dias, segun el grado de sazon y la importancia delas deteriora-, ciones mecanicas sufridas por la fruta. Las frutas irradiadas sometidas a un tratamiento tipo con etileno maduran en buenas condiciones. Los melocotones y persicos sometidos a dosis de rayos gamma capaces de retardar la putrefaccion son muy sensibles a los danos debidos al transporte. La irradiacion de papayas con rayos gamma para eliminar la mosca de la fruta de Hawaii presenta perspectivas alentadores. El periodo de almacenamiento de las frutas irradiadas es de 3 a 5 dias mayor que el de las frutas sometidas a fumigacion con dibromuro de etileno. En ia memoria se examinan las perspectivas que ofrece la irradiacion de varias frutas y verduras. (author) [Russian] Posleuborochnaja radiacionnaja obrabotka fruktov i ovoshhej vyzvala bol'shoj interes s tochki zrenija bor'by s rynochnymi boleznjami, zarazhenija nasekomymi, zamedlenija sozrevanija i zaderzhki rosta. Obluchenie kak sredstvo bor'by protiv gribkov predstavljaet osobyj interes vvidu svoego terapevticheskogo dejstvija. K sozhaleniju, doza obluchenija chasto sil'no ogranichena vvidu chuvstvitel'nosti ''hozjaina'': Te ili inye vidy i sorta imejut razlichnuju stojkost' k oblucheniju, na kotoruju vlijaet stepen' sozrevanija v moment obluchenija. Esli produkty napravljajutsja v hranilishha, to ih mozhno obluchit' nebol'shoj dozoj vvidu zamedlennyh neblagoprijatnyh vozdejstvij. Zaderzhka rosta patogennogo mikroorganizma zavisit glavnym obrazom ot ego chuvstvitel'nosti i razmera porazhennogo, mesta. Obychno znachitel'naja chast' nebol'shih gribkovyh porazhenij inaktiviruetsja, a razvitie drugih porazhenij priostanavlivaetsja. V nastojashhee vremja radiacionnaja obrabotka javljaetsja naibolee perspektivnym metodom v teh sluchajah, kogda problemy bolezni javljajutsja ves'ma ser'eznymi, kak naprimer, pri obrabotke skoroportjashhihsja tovarnyh fruktov i ovoshhej, kotorye sobirajutsja, kogda oni sozreli i uzhe porazheny zabolevanijami. Verojatno, fungicidnoe dejstvie radiacionnoj obrabotki mozhno bylo by znachitel'no usilit', esli by mozhno bylo sdelat' patogennyj organizm bolee chuvstvitel'nym, a ''hozjaina'' bolee stojkim k oblucheniju ili odnovremenno dobit'sja jetih dvuh celej. Ispol'zovanie lokalizovannogo kislorodnogo jeffekta, himicheskoj ili ul'trafioletovoj sensibilizacii patogennyh organizmov ili neglubokogo obluchenija svjazano s gromadnymi trudnostjami. Bolee perspektivnym javljaetsja kombinirovannyj metod obluchenija i nagrevanija, kotoryj okazyvaet udivitel'nyj sinergeticheskij jeffekt v teh sluchajah, kogda on ispol'zuetsja dlja inaktivacii gribkov. Gamma-obluchenie zaderzhivaet sozrevanie odnih fruktov, odnako stimuliruet sozrevanie drugih. V teh fruktah, v kotoryh obluchenie vyzyvaet bystroe sozrevanie, stimuliruetsja obrazovanie jetilena. Frukty, sozrevanie kotoryh zaderzhivaetsja v rezul'tate obluchenija, ochevidno, imejut men'shuju chuvstvitel'nost' k stimulirujushhemu sozrevanie dejstviju jetilena, i v nih obrazuetsja men'she jetilena do togo, kak oni sozreli. Pri dozah v 20 - 35 krad zaderzhivaetsja sozrevanie bananov na 4-15 dnej v zavisimosti ot spelosti i razmera mehanicheskih povrezhdenij fruktov. Obluchennye frukty sozrevajut do horoshego kachestva kogda oni podvergajutsja obychnoj jetilenovoj obrabotke. Persiki i nektariny, kotorye poluchili dozy gamma-obluchenija, mogushhie zaderzhat' porchu, javljajutsja krajne chuvstvitel'nymi k povrezhdeniju vo vremja perevozki. Papajja javljaetsja perspektivnoj s tochki zrenija unichtozhenija gavajskoj plodovoj muhi s pomoshh'ju gamma- obluchenija. Srok godnosti pri hranenii obluchennyh fruktov na 3 - 5 dnej bol'she, chem fruktov, podvergnutyh fumigacii bromistym jetilenom. Obsuzhdajutsja nyneshnie perspektivy radiacionnoj obrabotki razlichnyh fruktov i ovoshhej. (author)

Investigations on the structure of complex compounds by radioisotope exchange. The structure of cyanonitrosyl complexes; Recherches sur la structure des complexes par echange de radioisotopes - Structure des complexes cyanonitrosyliques; Issledovanie struktury slozhnykh soedinenij pri pomoshchi radioizotopnogo obmena - struktura slozhnykh tsianonitrozilovykh soedinenij; Estudio de la estructura de complejos por intercambio radioisotopico - Estructura de los complejos cianonitrosilicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jezowska-Trzeblatowska, B; Ziolkowski, J [University of Wroclaw (Poland)

1962-03-15

central y la capa p del atomo de nitrogeno. (author) [Russian] V kachestve slozhnogo svyazuyushchego zvena nitrozilovaya gruppa predstavlyaet osobyj interes kak po svoej strukture, tak i blagodarya svoemu svojstvu obrazovyvat' gruppy NO{sup -} i NO{sup +}. Dlya issledovaniya ehlektronnoj struktury K{sub 3}Mn(CN){sub 6} i K{sub 3}Mn(CN){sub 6}NO, valentnosti metalla i kharaktera soedinenij byli proizvedeny issledovaniya pri pomoshchi metoda radioizotopnogo obmena, a takzhe i drugikh fiziko-khimicheskikh metodov. Bylo obnaruzheno, chto dobavlenie nitrozilovoj gruppy k ionam geksatsionata znachitel'no uvelichivaet ustojchivost' soedineniya kak v tverdom sostoyanii, tak i v rastvore. EHto nablyudenie bylo podtverzhdeno issledovaniem kinetiki obmena v sistemakh: (I) K{sub 3}Mn(CN){sub 6} + KC{sup 14}N; (II) K{sub 3}Mn(CN){sub 5}NO + KC{sup 14}N. V oboikh sluchayakh reaktsii obmena v funktsii vremeni yavlyayutsya reaktsiyami pervogo poryadka, no oni znachitel'no otlichayutsya drug ot druga po skorosti. EHnergii aktivatsii ehtikh reaktsij ravny E{sub 1}=8,5 kilokalorij na molekulu i E{sub 11}=22,8 kilokalorij na molekulu. Anion Mn(CN){sub 5}NO{sub 3} svetochuvstvitelen, tak chto reaktsiya obmena nosit fotokhimicheskij kharakter. Sootnoshenie postoyannykh skorostej obmena v temnote i pri standartizirovannom osveshchenii ravno 1:100. Pervaya reaktsiya obmena (I) proiskhodit po tipu assotsiatsii, togda kak vtoraya reaktsiya (II) sleduet slozhnomu mekhanizmu assotsiatsii i dissotsiatsii. Analiz raspredeleniya aktivnosti mezhdu tsianistymi gruppami, podvergayushchimisya obmenu v sostoyanii izotopnogo ravnovesiya, obnaruzhil identichnost' po men'shej mere chetyrekh tsianistykh grupp. Bol'shaya ustojchivost' nitrozilovykh soedinenij po sravneniyu s geksatsianatami, a takzhe otsutstvie vtorichnykh dissotsiatsij byli podtverzhdeny razlichnymi metodami. Vse ehto ukazyvaet na strukturu NO{sup -} kompleksa. Predydushchie issledovaniya pokazali, chto nitrozilovaya gruppa koordiniruetsya v

Removal of radiostrontium from man; Elimination du radiostrontium de l'organisme humain; Vyvedenie radioaktivnogo strontsiya iz organizma cheloveka; Eliminacion del radioestroncio por el organismo humano

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Spencer, H. [Edward Hines, Jr. Hospital Hines, IL (United States)

1963-02-15

normal que se ofrecieron como voluntarios. En este estudio no se administraron radioisotopos. Los resultados relativos al {sup 90}Sr son analogos a los conseguidos con el 8{sup 5}Sr. (author) [Russian] Issledovanie obmena radiostrontsiya u cheloveka proizvodilos' pri postoyannom kontrole.obmena i diety. V kachestve radioaktivnogo indikatora byl ispol'zovan otnositel'no korotkokhivushchij izotop Sreb. Odnokratnye indikatornye dozy Sr{sup 85} vvodilis' vnutrivenno i davalis' vnutr', posle chego opredelyalsya uroven' ego v plazme i vydelenie s mochoj i kalom. Osnovnoe kolichestvo Sr{sup 85} vyvoditsya pochkami, nezavisimo ot puti vvedeniya indikatora. U bol'shinstva obsledovannykh v srednem 20% prinyatogo vnutr' kolichestva Sr{sup 85} poglashchalos' iz kishechnika i priblizitel'no 50% pogloshchennoj dozy vydelyalos' s mochoj za 12 dnej. Issledovaniya, v protsesse kotorykh indikatornye dozy Sr{sup 85} i Ca{sup 45} byli odnovremenno vvedeny per oa, ukazali na predpochtenie organizma k pogloshcheniyu Ca{sup 45} i k vydeleniyu Sr{sup 85}, prichem sootnoshenie po- gloshcheniya Ca{sup 45}/Sr{sup 85} sostavlyaet 2,6:1. Zakonchivshiesya issledovaniya Sr{sup 85} vo vremya priema bol'shikh i malykh doz kal'tsiya odnimi i temi khe litsami pokazali, chto priem bol'shogo kolichestva kal'tsiya ne vedet k kakomulibo zametnomu izmeneniyu v pogloshchenii Sr{sup 85} u bol'shinstva obsledovannykh. Poskol'ku vydelenie Sr{sup 85} mochoj idet parallel'no vydeleniyu kal'tsiya, okazalos' vozmozhnym uvelichit' soderzhanie kal'tsiya v moche s pomoshch'yu razlichnykh veshchestv, povyshayushchikh kal'tsiuriyu. Vvedennye vnutrivenno stabil'nye kal'tsij i strontsij i prinyatyj per os khloristyj ammonij, primenennye v chistom vide ili v sochetanii s vnutrivenno vvedennymi kal'tsiem i nekotorymi kompleksoobrazuyushchimi veshchestvami, okazalis' ehffektivnymi v otnoshenii udaleniya radiostrontsiya u cheloveka v period ot dvukh do chetyrekh nedel' posle inektsii indikatora. Proizvedeny takzhe issledovaniya

Resonance absorption of nuclear gamma radiation; Absorption par resonance des rayons gamma; Rezonansnaya absorbtsiya i rasseyanie yadernogo gamma-izlucheniya; Absorcion por resonancia de las radiaciones gamma en los nucleos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hanna, S S; Perlow, G J [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1962-01-15

radiacion do resonancia con y sin polarizacion. Estos estudios les han conducido a una interpretacion de la estructura hiperfina en funcion de las propiedades de los estados nucleares y de la interaccion hiperfina en el hierro. Tambien han investigado los efectos de un campo magnetico externo sobre la estructura hiperfina. Por otra parte, la absorcion por resonancia en el {sup 57}Fe permitio estudiar la relacion entre la cronologia de la desintegracion de im estado nuclear y el espectro de la radiacion observada. Se realizaron observaciones detalladas sobre el espectro de las radiaciones de resonancia filtradas, en funcion del tiempo, en condiciones muy diversas. (author) [Russian] Kak pokazal Messbauehr, ispuskanie i pogloshchenie yadernogo izlucheniya bez otdachi yadra obespechivaet prostoj metod izucheniya vzaimodejstviya yader s ehlektromagnitnym izlucheniem i, chto ochen' vazhno, yavlyaetsya chrezvychajno chuvstvitel'nym sredstvom issledovaniya bol'shogo kolichestva fizicheskikh zadach. V sluchae yader zheleza-57 sozdaetsya ves'ma blagopriyatnoe polozhenie, tak kak v ehtom sluchae rezonansnoe pogloshchenie mozhet ispol'zovat'sya v kachestve ochen' chuvstvitel'nogo detektora izmeneniya chastoty ehlektromagnitnogo izlucheniya. Detal'no izuchalos' rezonansnoe pogloshchenie v zheleze-57. Intensivnost' pogloshcheniya, forma i liniya sdviga nablyudalis' v zavisimosti ot temperatury. Polyarizatsiya radioaktivnogo izlucheniya nablyudalas' posredstvom ehksperimentov s namagnichennymi istochnikami i poglotitelyami. Sverkhtonkij spektr rezonansnoj radiatsii analizirovalsya s polyarizatsiej i bez nee. EHti issledovaniya priveli k tolkovaniyu sverkhtonkoj struktury v otnoshenii svojstv yadernykh sostoyanij i sverkhtonkogo vzaimodejstviya v zheleze. Bylo rassmotreno takzhe vliyanie vneshnego magnitnogo polya na sverkhtonkuyu strukturu. Rezonansnoe pogloshchenie v zheleze-57 bylo ispol'zovano dlya izucheniya svyazi mezhdu razvitiem raspada yadernogo sostoyaniya vo vremeni i spektrom

Research on the Primary Processes of Radiation-Initiated Polymerization; Recherches sur les processus primaires de polymerisation amorcee par rayonnements; Issledovaniya osnovnykh protsessov polimerizatsii pod vozdejstviem oblucheniya; Estudios sobre los procesos primarios en la polimerizacion radioinducida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Okamura, S; Manabe, T; Higashimura, T; Oishi, Y; Futami, S

1960-07-15

Excitation energy transfer in benzene solutions of monomers, polymers and copolymers has been studied by observations on the quenching of terphenyl fluorescence produced by gamma radiation. The ease of energy transfer from benzene to various monomers is conjugated monomers > unconjugated > monomers > corresponding saturated compounds. Quenching experiments were also carried out using polymer solutions in benzene. The order of efficiencies was crepe rubber > polystyrene > polyvinyl acetate > acrylic polymers. The results obtained for quenching by a styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer indicated that the specific quenching efficiency of the styrene units in the copolymer was less than in the homopolymer. The gamma ray initiated polymerisation of styrene in methylene dichloride solutions at low temperature was studied. The results obtained for the dependence of polymerisation rate on intensity are consistent with an ionic mechanism. The composition of the copolymer obtained with methyl methacrylate also supports this view. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont etudie la transmission de l'energie d'excitation dans les solutions de benzene du fait de la presence de monomeres, polymeres et copolymeres, en etudiant l'extinction de la fluorescence du terphenyle induite par rayons gamma. On peut classer les divers monomeres en trois categories selon l'ordre de facilite avec laquelle l'energie du benzene leur est transmise : monomeres conjugues, monomeres non conjugues, composes satures correspondants. Les auteurs ont egalement fait des experiences sur des polymeres dans une solution de benzene. L'efficacite va en decroissant dans l'ordre suivant: caoutchouc naturel, polystyrolene, acetate de polyvinyle, polymere acrylique. Les resultats obtenus pour le copolymere styrolene-methacrylate de methyle montrent que l'efficacite d'extinction du styrolene est plus faible dans le cas des copolymeres que dans le cas des homopolymeres. Les auteurs ont etudie la polymerisation du styrolene amorcee au moyen de rayons gamma dans une solution de dichlorure de methylene a basse temperature. Le rapport direct constate entre la vitesse de polymerisation et l'intensite repond a une caracteristique du mecanisme de polymerisation ionique. La composition du copolymere obtenu avec le methacrylate de methyle vient egalement a l'appui de cette hypothese. (author) [Spanish] Observando la extincion de la luminiscencia del terienilo inducida por los rayos gamma, se ha estudiado el proceso de transmision de la energia de excitacion en soluciones bencenicas de monomeros, polimeros y copolimeros. La facilidad con que la energia se transmite del benceno a los diversos monomeros responde al siguiente orden decreciente: monomeros conjugados > monomeros no conjugados > compuestos saturados correspondientes. Tambien se realizaron experimentos sobre la extincion de la luminiscencia utilizando polimeros disueltos en benceno. El poder de extincion de los polimeros disminuye con arreglo al siguiente orden: caucho natural > poliestireno > acetato de polivinilo > polimeros acrilicos. Los resultados obtenidos al emplear un copolimero de estireno-metacrilato de metilo indicaron que el poder extintor especifico de los grupos estireno del copolimero es inferior al observado en el caso del homopolimero. La polimerizacion inducida por rayos gamma del estireno disuelto en diclorometileno tambien se estudio a bajas temperaturas. Los resultados obtenidos en lo que se refiere a la relacion existente entre la velocidad de polimerizacion y la intensidad de irradiacion parecen indicar que el mecanismo es de naturaleza ionica. La composicion del copolimero obtenido a partir de metacrilato de metilo tambien corrobora esta opinion. (author) [Russian] Peredacha ehnergii vozbuzhdeniya v benzol'nykh rastvorakh monomerov, polimerov i sopolimerov izuchayutsya putem nablyudeniya kvenchinga trifinil'noj fluorestsentsii, poluchaemogo v rezul'tate gamma-oblucheniya. Sposobnost' peredachi ehnergii ot benzola razlichnym monomeram sleduyushchaya : sopryazhennye monomery > nesopryazhennye monomery > sootvetstvuyushchie predel'nye soedineniya. EHksperimenty s kvenchingom provodyatsya takzhe s ispol'zovaniem rastvorov polimerov v benzole. Poryadok otdachi sleduyushchij : natural'nyj kauchuk > polistirol > polivinilovaya sol' > akrilovye polimery. Rezul'taty, poluchennye dlya kvenchinga s pomoshch'yu sopolimera stirol-metil-metakrilata, ukazyvayut na to, chto osobaya sposobnost' k kvenchingu soedinenij stirola v sopolimere proyavlyaetsya v men'shej stepeni, chem v gomopolimere . Issledovalas' polimerizatsiya stirola v rastvorakh dvukhloristogo metilena pri nizkoj temperature. Poluchennye rezul'taty otnositel'no zavisimosti skorosti polimerizatsii ot intensivnosti soglasuyutsya s ionnym mekhanizmom. Sostav sopolimerov, poluchennykh s metil-metakrilatom, takzhe podtverzhdaet ehtot vyvod. (author)

Arrecifes coralinos de Bocas del Toro, Panamá: IV. Distribución, estructura y estado de conservación de los arrecifes continentales de Península Valiente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Héctor M. Guzmán

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Este estudio, cuarto y último donde se describen los arrecifes coralinos de Bocas del Toro y su estado de conservación en forma individual, contempla a 14 arrecifes continentales en 129 km de costa comprendidos entre la Península Valiente y el Río Calovébora. Se encontró una cobertura de coral vivo promedio para esta región de 17.1% (" 3.6%, principalmente en el sector occidental de la península, en particular la zona interna de Bahía Bluefield, y en el sector de Tobobe. La cobertura de coral aumenta con la profundidad ( 5 m en la mayoría de los arrecifes. Dos especies de coral, Porites furcata y Acropora palmata, dominan las aguas superficiales. El coral Acropora palmata se encontró abundante en seis de los 14 arrecifes estudiados concentrándose su mayor presencia hacia el sector de la Ensenada Tobobe y Punta Valiente. Los patrones de reclutamiento son similares en distribución a los de mayor cobertura, presentándose densidades promedios de 4 reclutas/m² (hasta 9 reclutas/m² principalmente Agaricia spp., Porites astreoides y Siderastrea siderea. La mayor diversidad de corales y esponjas se registró hacia el sector occidental de Península Valiente encontrandose 55 especies de corales en el área de estudio, incluyendo dos nuevos registros para Bocas del Toro (59 especies en total; Dichocoenia stellaris y Madracis luciphila, incrementando también la diversidad de corales de Panamá a 65 especies. Se encontraron 24 especies de octocorales, informándose por primera vez tres especies: Gorgonia mariae, Muriceopsis sulphurea y Muricea laxa, aumentando así en un 10% la diversidad de Bocas del Toro a 32 especies en total. Se registraron cinco nuevas especies de esponjas, lo que representa un incremento del 9% en el número de especies que hacen un total de 58 para Bocas del Toro. La diversidad total de esponjas en el área de estudio fue de 48 especies. Se encontraron grandes poblaciones de Acropora palmata en la Ensenada de Tobobe

Hospedeiros alternativos de Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli Alternative hosts of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Rosa P. Nascimento

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Uma das principais doenças que afeta o meloeiro é a mancha-aquosa, causada pela bactéria Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac. Visando conhecer hospedeiros alternativos de Aac, plantas no estágio de primeiras folhas definitivas, de várias espécies/cultivares, incluindo cucurbitáceas, solanáceas, gramíneas, leguminosas e caricáceas, foram inoculadas pela atomização da parte aérea com suspensão dos isolados Aac 1.49 e Aac 12.13, oriundos de melão e melancia, respectivamente. A suscetibilidade das plantas aos isolados foi avaliada pelo período de incubação (PI e incidência da doença (INC. Caupi, feijão, fumo e milho não apresentaram sintomas. Os menores PIs foram observados em cucurbitáceas (3,0 d, com exceção da bucha (6,83 d. Incidências da doença acima de 90% foram observadas em cucurbitáceas, excetuando a bucha e em solanáceas, para ambos os isolados de Aac. Em outro experimento, frutos de abóbora, abobrinha, berinjela, mamão, maxixe, melancia, melão, pepino, pimentão e tomate foram analisados quanto à suscetibilidade aos isolados Aac 1.49 e Aac 12.13. Os frutos foram inoculados pelo método de injeção subepidérmica, determinando-se PI, INC e severidade, avaliada pelo diâmetro da lesão externa (DLE e profundidade da lesão (PL. Menores PIs (2,0 d foram detectados em frutos de mamão, melancia, melão e pimentão. Incidência de 100% foi observada em todos os frutos inoculados, com exceção da abobrinha (93,75% e da abóbora (34,37%. Maiores DLEs foram observados em pepino (1,47 cm para o isolado Aac 1.49 e em melancia (1,60 cm e melão (1,07 cm para Aac 12.13. As maiores PL foram constatadas em melancia (1,72 e 0,75 cm respectivamente para Aac 1.49 e Aac 12.13. Frutos de berinjela não apresentaram sintomas externos embora as lesões internas tenham sido profundas.One of the most important melon diseases is the bacterial blotch caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac. Alternative hosts of this

Acceptability and feasibility of infant-feeding options: experiences of HIV-infected mothers in the World Health Organization Kesho Bora mother-to-child transmission prevention (PMTCT) trial in Burkina Faso.

Science.gov (United States)

Cames, Cécile; Saher, Aisha; Ayassou, Kossiwavi A; Cournil, Amandine; Meda, Nicolas; Simondon, Kirsten Bork

2010-07-01

In Burkina Faso, prolonged breastfeeding with introduction of ritual fluids from birth is a deep-seated norm. We explored HIV-infected mothers' views and experiences of the acceptability and feasibility of the World Health Organization's recommended infant-feeding options within a mother-to-child-transmission prevention trial. A qualitative study was conducted on 17 formula-feeding and 19 breastfeeding mothers, from a larger cohort of 51 eligible HIV-infected women, consenting to participate in separate focus group discussions in early post-partum. Mothers opted for breastfeeding essentially out of fear of family rejection. Most of them were afraid of denigration for disrespecting tradition if they formula-fed or being suspected of HIV infection. Achieving exclusive breastfeeding remained a difficult challenge as they engaged in a continuous struggle with close elders to avoid fluid feeding. Additional stress and fatigue were fed by their perception of a high transmission risk through breast milk. Exclusive formula-feeding seemed easier to implement, especially as formula was provided free of charge. Formula-feeding mothers more frequently had a supportive partner, a strong personality and lived in better socio-economic conditions than breastfeeding mothers (76% had education and electricity supply vs. 42%, respectively). Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months remains the most appropriate option for many HIV-infected mothers in sub-Saharan Africa. Its acceptability and feasibility urgently need to be improved by promoting it as the best feeding option for all infants. Other crucial interventions are the promotion of voluntary counselling and testing for couples, and greater partner involvement in infant-feeding counselling.

Determining the boron concentration during long-term cooling of the reactor core after large loss of coolant accident; Dolocenje koncentracij bora pri dolgotrajnoem hladjenju sredice po veliki izlivni nezgodi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mavko, B; Ravnki, M [Institut Jozef Stefan, Ljubljana (Yugoslavia)

1988-07-01

Critical boron concentration before and after postulated loss of coolant accident with long-term cooling recirculation was calculated for cycle 6 of Krsko NPP. The limiting boron concentration curve of containment sump was calculated for equilibrium conditions. The results were analysed and showed that the boron concentration in refueling water storage tank and in safety injection accumulators should be increased from 2000 to 2100 ppm in 6th cycle. In the consequence corresponding chapters of the NPP Krsko technical Specifications were changed as well. (author)

Circulation in the Gulf of Trieste: measurements and model results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bogunovici, B.; Malacic, V.

2008-01-01

The study presents seasonal variability of currents in the southern part of the Gulf of Trieste. A time series analysis of currents and wind stress for the period 2003-2006, which were measured by the coastal oceanographic buoy, was conducted. A comparison between these data and results obtained from a numerical model of circulation in the Gulf was performed to validate model results. Three different approaches were applied to the wind data to determine the wind stress. Similarities were found between Kondo and Smith approaches while the method of Vera shows differences which were particularly noticeable for lower (= 1 m/s) and higher wind speeds (= 15 m/s). Mean currents in the surface layer are generally outflow currents from the Gulf due to wind forcing (bora). However in all other depth layers inflow currents are dominant. With the principal component analysis (Pca) major and minor axes were determined for all seasons. The major axis of maximum variance in years between 2003 and 2006 is prevailing in Ne-Sw direction, which is parallel to the coastline. Comparison of observation and model results is showing that currents are similar (in direction) for the surface and bottom layers but are significantly different for the middle layer (5-13 m). At a depth between 14-21 m velocities are comparable in direction as well as in magnitude even though model values are higher. Higher values of modelled currents at the surface and near the bottom are explained by higher values of wind stress that were used in the model as driving input with respect to the stress calculated from the measured winds. Larger values of modelled currents near the bottom are related to the larger inflow that needs to compensate for the larger modelled outflow at the surface. However, inspection of the vertical structure of temperature, salinity and density shows that the model is reproducing a weaker density gradient which enables the penetration of the outflow surface currents to larger depths.

Automobile with fuel cell and supercapacitor drive; Personenwagen mit Brennstoffzellen und Supercap-Antrieb - Schlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dietrich, Ph.

2002-12-15

In a Volkswagen BORA a power train has been realized, which includes a fuel cell system consisting of 6 stacks of 8 kW electrical power output each, an electrical storage device made of 282 supercap cells storing 360 Wh of electrical energy, a DC/DC converter and an electric motor which delivers up to 75 kW. The power distribution between supercaps and fuel cell is managed by an energy management device, which optimizes the distribution taking the actual operation points into account. The fuel cell system operates in a wide range with an efficiency higher than 40%. The power train has been integrated in a five seat car. This car named HY.POWER{sup R}, realized as technology platform, drove over the Simplon pass (elevation 2000 m over sea level) on 16 January 2002. This test drive proved the maturity of this concept to drive using this technology on public roads and that also severe operating conditions can be handled successfully. The key aspects of that concepts are the new manufacturing process of the bipolar plates for the fuel cells, the system configuration of the fuel cell system and the enhanced energy density of the supercap cells. The combination of a fuel cell system and of a supercap storage device, together with the integration of the DC/DC converter lead to a new power train concept. The consumption in the NEDC is equal to the energy of 5-6 l gasoline, which is quite impressive if it is remembered that the car has an empty mass of nearly 2000 kg. The HY.POWER{sup R} has been used heavily for the communication of the new technology to the public. The first event was the test drive across the Simplon pass. The main other events was the international auto motor show in Geneva in March 2002 and the presentation of the vehicle at the Earth Summit in Johannesburg in September 2002. (author)

Mesoproterozoic evolution of the Río de la Plata Craton in Uruguay: at the heart of Rodinia?

Science.gov (United States)

Gaucher, Claudio; Frei, Robert; Chemale, Farid; Frei, Dirk; Bossi, Jorge; Martínez, Gabriela; Chiglino, Leticia; Cernuschi, Federico

2011-04-01

Mesoproterozoic volcanosedimentary units and tectonic events occurring in the Río de la Plata Craton (RPC) are reviewed. A belt consisting of volcanosedimentary successions exhibiting greenschist-facies metamorphism is exposed in the eastern RPC (Nico Pérez Terrane) in Uruguay. The Parque UTE Group consists of basic volcanics and gabbros at the base (1,492 ± 4 Ma, U-Pb on zircon), carbonates in its middle part and interbedded carbonates, shales and acid volcanics (1,429 ± 21 Ma, U-Pb on zircon) at the top. The Mina Verdún Group is made up of rhyolites and acid pyroclastics at its base and top, and Conophyton-bearing limestones and massive dolostones in the middle. A U-Pb LA-ICP MS zircon age of 1,433 ± 6 Ma is reported here for lapilli-tuffs at the base of the Mina Verdún Group (Cerro de las Víboras Formation). This age shows that the Mina Verdún Group immediately postdates the Parque UTE Group, a fact supported by carbon isotope chemostratigraphy. Both units were deformed and metamorphosed between 1.25 and 1.20 Ga, as shown by K-Ar and Ar-Ar ages. This tectonic event affected most of the RPC and led to the accretion of the Nico Pérez Terrane to the remainder of the RPC along the Sarandí del Yí megashear. We report a U-Pb LA-ICP MS zircon age (upper intercept) of 3,096 ± 45 Ma for metatonalites of the La China Complex (Nico Pérez Terrane), which yield a lower intercept age of 1,252 Ma. A proto-Andean, Mesoproterozoic belt is envisaged to account for abundant Mesoproterozoic detrital zircon ages occurring in Ediacaran sandstones of the RPC. If the RPC is fringed at both sides by Mesoproterozoic, Grenville-aged belts it is likely that it occupied a rather central position in Rodinia. A possible location between Laurentia and the Kalahari Craton, and to the south of Amazonia, is suggested.

Factorial design applied to the optimization of lipid composition of topical antiherpetic nanoemulsions containing isoflavone genistein

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Argenta DF

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Débora Fretes Argenta,1 Cristiane Bastos de Mattos,1 Fabíola Dallarosa Misturini,1 Leticia Scherer Koester,1 Valquiria Linck Bassani,1 Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões,2 Helder Ferreira Teixeira1 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil Abstract: The aim of this study was to optimize topical nanoemulsions containing genistein, by means of a 23 full factorial design based on physicochemical properties and skin retention. The experimental arrangement was constructed using oil type (isopropyl myristate or castor oil, phospholipid type (distearoylphosphatidylcholine [DSPC] or dioleylphosphaditylcholine [DOPC], and ionic cosurfactant type (oleic acid or oleylamine as independent variables. The analysis of variance showed effect of third order for particle size, polydispersity index, and skin retention of genistein. Nanoemulsions composed of isopropyl myristate/DOPC/oleylamine showed the smallest diameter and highest genistein amount in porcine ear skin whereas the formulation composed of isopropyl myristate/DSPC/oleylamine exhibited the lowest polydispersity index. Thus, these two formulations were selected for further studies. The formulations presented positive ζ potential values (>25 mV and genistein content close to 100% (at 1 mg/mL. The incorporation of genistein in nanoemulsions significantly increased the retention of this isoflavone in epidermis and dermis, especially when the formulation composed by isopropyl myristate/DOPC/oleylamine was used. These results were supported by confocal images. Such formulations exhibited antiherpetic activity in vitro against herpes simplex virus 1 (strain KOS and herpes simplex virus 22 (strain 333. Taken together, the results show that the genistein-loaded nanoemulsions developed in this study are promising

Measurements of Sediment Transport in the Western Adriatic Sea

Science.gov (United States)

Sherwood, C. R.; Hill, P. S.

2003-12-01

Instrumented bottom tripods were deployed at two depths (10 and 20 m) off the mouth of the Chienti River in the western Adriatic Sea from November 2002 to May 2003 as part of the EuroSTRATAFORM Po and Apennine Sediment Transport and Accumulation (PASTA) Experiment. Waves, currents, and proxies for suspended-sediment concentrations were measured with upward-looking acoustic Doppler current meters, downward looking pulse-coherent acoustic Doppler profilers, single-point acoustic Doppler velocimeters, and acoustic and optical backscatter sensors. Flow was dominated by the western Adriatic coastal current (WACC) during the experiment. Mean southward alongshore velocity 2 m below the surface was 0.10 m/s at the 10-m site and 0.23 m/s at the 20-m site, and flow was modulated by tides, winds, and fluctuating riverflow. The largest waves (3 m significant height) were generated by winds from the southeast during a Sirocco event in late November that generated one of the few episodes of sustained northward flow and sediment transport. Most of the time, however, sediment resuspension and transport was dominated by Bora events, when downwelling-favorable winds from the northeast generated waves that resuspended sediment and simultaneously enhanced southward flow in the WACC. Mean flow near the bottom was slightly offshore at the 20-m site (0.01 m/s at 3 m above the bottom), but there was no significant correlation between downwelling and wave-induced resuspension, and cross-shelf sediment fluxes were small. The combination of persistent southward flow with low rates of cross-shelf leakage makes the WACC an efficient conduit for sediment past the Chienti region. If these observations are representative of typical winter conditions along the entire western Adriatic, they may help explain the enigmatic development of Holocene shelf-edge clinoforms that have formed hundreds of kilometers south of the Po River, which provides most of the sediment to the Adriatic Sea. Future data

Alimentação alternativa: análise crítica de uma proposta de intervenção nutricional Alternative foods: a critical analysis of a proposal for nutritional intervention

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime Amaya Farfan

1998-01-01

Full Text Available O Instituto Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição (Inan está propondo o uso, em nível nacional, de fórmula de alimentação alternativa, denominada "Multimistura", à base de farelos de arroz, e/ou trigo, sementes de gergelim e abóbora, folhas de mandioca, beterraba, cenoura, verduras nativas e pó de casca de ovo, como solução para combater a fome da população carente. Embora o crítico estado nutricional da população-alvo possa fazer qualquer questionamento técnico ou ético parecer por demais filosófico, uma série de considerações nutricionais, toxicológicas e até de viabilidade prática sugerem que a posição adotada pelo Inan deveria ser revista. A solução da multimistura, talvez válida para situações transitórias de extrema pobreza, carece de universalidade para ser utilizada, independentemente de faixa etária, estado nutricional e período de duração da intervenção.The nationwide use of a "Multimixture," a formula based on alternative foods such as rice and/or wheat bran, sesame and squash seeds, cassava, beet and carrot leaves, several indigenous leafy vegetables, and ground egg shells has been proposed by the National Institute of Food and Nutrition (INAN as an official solution to fight hunger among poor Brazilians. The fragile nutritional state of the target population may make technical or ethical questions appear purely academic, yet nutritional, toxicological, and practical feasibility considerations appear to warrant a revision of the INAN proposal. While the Multimixture approach may prove valid as a temporary solution in cases of extreme poverty, it is not universally applicable for the intended use, failing to take into account the age and nutritional status of the subjects or duration of the intervention.

Incidência de mosca-minadora e insetos vetores em sistemas de manejo de pragas em tomateiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dirceu Pratissoli

Full Text Available RESUMOOs artrópodes considerados vetores de viroses são pragas iniciais na cultura do tomateiro e possuem capacidade de causar danos diretos e indiretos, principalmente quando ocorrem falhas no manejo. O objetivo deste estudo foi estudar a incidência e infestação de vetores de viroses em dois sistemas de manejo de pragas em plantios de tomateiro estaqueado. O experimento foi conduzido em plantio de tomateiro da variedade 'Débora Mix', grupo Santa Clara, com espaçamento de 1,0 x 0,5 m (linhas x plantas, em condução com duas hastes (Tutoramento vertical. Os sistemas avaliados foram: Manejo Ecológico de Pragas (MEP - monitoramento das pragas e tomada de decisão para a aplicação de inseticidas com base no nível de infestação e Convencionalcalendário de aplicações que iniciaram sete dias após o transplantio e seguiram sendo realizadas duas vezes por semana. A maior incidência de B. tabaci ocorreu no sistema MEP, enquanto que a maior incidência de Liriomyza sp. e diferentes espécies de pulgões ocorreu no sistema convencional, mas para F. schultzei não houve diferença na incidência entre os manejos. Houve infestação dos vetores de viroses durante todo o período de condução da cultura e, no geral, considerando todos os insetospraga, a redução no número de aplicações foi de 88,14% no MEP. O sistema de manejo adotado não interfere na incidência e infestação de vetores de viroses na cultura, mas a implantação do sistema MEP viabiliza a utilização criteriosa dos defensivos agrícolas, permitindo redução do número de pulverizações com consequente redução dos custos de produção.

Effect of preheating and light-curing unit on physicochemical properties of a bulk fill composite

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Theobaldo JD

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Jéssica Dias Theobaldo,1 Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar,1 Núbia Inocencya Pavesi Pini,2 Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima,1 Priscila Christiane Suzy Liporoni,3 Anderson Catelan3 1Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, 2Ingá University Center, Maringá, 3Departament of Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, Brazil Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of composite preheating and polymerization mode on degree of conversion (DC, microhardness (KHN, plasticization (P, and depth of polymerization (DP of a bulk fill composite.Methods: Forty disc-shaped samples (n = 5 of a bulk fill composite were prepared (5 × 4 mm thick and randomly divided into 4 groups according to light-curing unit (quartz–tungsten–halogen [QTH] or light-emitting diode [LED] and preheating temperature (23 or 54 °C. A control group was prepared with a flowable composite at room temperature. DC was determined using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, KHN was measured with a Knoop indenter, P was evaluated by percentage reduction of hardness after 24 h of ethanol storage, and DP was obtained by bottom/top ratio. Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05.Results: Regardless of light-curing, the highest preheating temperature increased DC compared to room temperature on bottom surface. LED showed a higher DC compared to QTH. Overall, DC was higher on top surface than bottom. KHN, P, and DP were not affected by curing mode and temperature, and flowable composite showed similar KHN, and lower DC and P, compared to bulk fill.Conclusion: Composite preheating increased the polymerization degree of 4-mm-increment bulk fill, but it led to a higher plasticization compared to the conventional flowable composite evaluated. Keywords: composite resins, physicochemical phenomena, polymerization, hardness, heating

Factors associated with body image distortion in Korean adolescents

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hyun MY

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Mi-Yeul Hyun,1 Young-Eun Jung,2 Moon-Doo Kim,2 Young-Sook Kwak,2 Sung-Chul Hong,3 Won-Myong Bahk,4 Bo-Hyun Yoon,5 Hye Won Yoon,6 Bora Yoo61College of Nursing, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea; 2Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea; 3Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea; 4Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea; 5Department of Psychiatry, Naju National Hospital, Naju, Korea; 6School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, KoreaPurpose: Body image incorporates cognitive and affective components as well as behaviors related to own body perception. This study evaluated the occurrence of body image distortion and its correlates in Korean adolescents.Methods: In a school-based cross-sectional survey, a total of 2,117 adolescents were recruited. They filled out self-completing questionnaires on body image distortion, eating attitudes, and behaviors (Eating Attitude Test-26 and related factors.Results: Body image distortions were found in 51.8 percent of adolescents. Univariate analyses showed that boys and older adolescents had higher rates of body image distortion. In the multivariate analyses, body image distortion was associated with high risk for eating disorders (odds ratio [OR] =1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–2.58; P=0.015 and being over weight (OR =33.27; 95% CI 15.51–71.35; P<0.001 or obese (OR =9.37; 95% CI 5.06–17.34; P<0.001.Conclusion: These results suggest that body image distortion is relatively common in Korean adolescents, which has implications for adolescents at risk of developing eating disorders.Keywords: body image distortion, high risk for eating disorders, Korean adolescent

Evapotranspiração e produção da abóbora cultivar bárbaba sob diferentes níveis de salinidade e de adubação nitrogenada

OpenAIRE

Lima, Rozana Maria de Sousa

2013-01-01

A maior demanda por água para irrigação tem levado os agricultores a utilizarem águas com salinidade mais elevada, sendo que sua utilização fica condicionada à tolerância das culturas à salinidade e ao manejo da irrigação. A adubação nitrogenada tem proporcionado um aumento significativo na produção e em ambiente salino reduz o efeito dos sais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e de doses de nitrogênio aplicado via fert...

Behaviour of semiconductor nuclear-particle detectors; Comportement des semi-conducteurs comme detecteurs de particules nucleaires; Povedenie detektorov yadernykh chastits na poluprovodnikakh; Propiedades de los detectores de particulas nucleares a base de semiconductores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Walter, F J; Dabbs, J W.T.; Roberts, L D [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1962-04-15

asegurar una coleccion completa, el campo minimo necesario (en la superficie) para los fragmentos de fision seria de mas de 3 {center_dot} 10{sup 4} V/cm, frente a 2 {center_dot} 10{sup 3} V/cm para las particulas alfa en el Ge y el Si. Un estudio detallado del tiempo de elevacion del impulso en el amplificador ha puesto en claro que tanto el tiempo de relajacion como la resistencia correspondiente al material de base no purificado pueden desempenar un papel muy importante en los materiales de elevada resistividad. La memoria presenta una descripcion cuantitativa del efecto de los parametros del detector y del amplificador sobre la forma y el tiempo de elevacion de los impulsos. Se discuten las ventajas y los problemas que presenta la utilizacion de detectores de barrera superficial en varios experimentos muy especiales de alineacion nuclear realizados a baja temperatura, entre otros, referentes a las distribuciones angulares de fragmentos de fision y a la resolucion de la estructura alfa fina con estabilidad a largo plazo. Tambien se describen tecnicas de fabricacion basadas en coeficientes de dilatacion equiparados, que han permitido obtener detectores con areas activas de hasta 8 cm{sup 2}. (author) [Russian] Byli provedeny ehksperimental'nye i teoreticheskie issledovaniya povedeniya detektorov yadernykh chastits na poluprovodnikakh pri temperaturakh ot 0,2{sup o}K do 300{sup o}K. V doklade privoditsya prostaya teoreticheskaya model' povedeniya detektora, kotoraya, kak bylo ustanovleno, otrazhaet nablyudaemoe povedenie pri bol'shoj amplitude parametrov. V doklade obsuzhdaetsya vazhnost' chistoty poluprovodnikov i smeshcheniya napryazheniya v svyazi s amplitudoj impul'sa, vremenem narastaniya impul'sa i zonoj detektsii. EHmpiricheski issledovaniya shuma i ehnergeticheskogo razresheniya svidetel'stvuyut o tom, chto dlya al'fa-chastits nablyudaemaya naimen'shaya shirina pikov znachitel'no bol'she, chem ta, kotoraya ozhidaetsya na osnove ehlektricheskogo shuma

Production and marketing of vegetables for the ethnic markets in the United States Produção e marketing de hortaliças para os mercados étnicos nos Estados Unidos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francis X Mangan

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Due to the growing number of immigrants in the United States, made up principally of Latinos, Asians and Africans, there has been a growing demand for products that are popular in their countries of origin. In order to meet this demand, there has been a tremendous increase in imports of agricultural products to the United States. Cassava is a good example. Imports of cassava to the US have increased 370% in the last six years. The University of Massachusetts began to evaluate vegetable crops popular among Puerto Ricans and Dominicans in 1996, and in 2002 began to evaluate crops popular among the large and growing Brazilian population in the state and region. This paper summarizes results of research on crops popular with Brazilian immigrants in the US, in addition to the evaluation of the marketing chain and impact of media outlets to promote and sell these crops. Surveys of Brazilian customers in target markets demonstrated that the majority of Brazilian immigrants in the Northeastern United States are from the state of Minas Gerais. Due to this fact, the crops chosen for research in Massachusetts were ones that were popular in this state: jiló, maxixe, taioba, abóbora and okra. In order to successfully introduce these crops into the marketplace it is critical to devote resources to promotion and marketing. In spite of their popularity among Brazilians, these vegetable crops are not normally found in the market so it is necessary to let the community know that they are available and in what locations. The most effective media outlet evaluated in this work to reach Brazilians was the television station Rede Globo International, available in the United States; however, other avenues evaluated to promote this project to Brazilians, such as Brazilian newspapers and radio programs, were also effective and less expensive. The opportunity to export agricultural products to the United States is a growing opportunity for farmers in Brazil. In order to

Universal Instability in a Thermal Plasma Device (Q-Machine); Instabilite Universelle dans une Machine a Plasma Thermique (Machine-Q); Issledovaniya universal'noj neustojchivosti v ustrojstve dlya termicheski ionizovannoj plazmy; Inestabilidad Universal en un Dispositivo de Plasma Termico (Maquina Q)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lashinsky, H. [University Of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)

1966-04-15

The fully ionized column in, a thermal plasma device (Q-machine) provides a convenient medium for studying the universal (drift-wave) instability arising from the joint effect of the finite ion Larmor radius and the density gradient perpendicular to the magnetic confining field. The pertinent dimensionless parameters can be varied over a range such that the results can be scaled to make comparisons.with plasmas of thermonuclear interest, and the instability can be excited in controlled fashion by appropriate adjustment of the sheath conditions at the metal end plates by using sheath-control techniques that are discussed together with the underlying theory. By exploiting these techniques the oscillation amplitude can be held at arbitrarily low levels and the behaviour of the instability can be traced from the low-amplitude (e Empty-Set /kT {approx}10{sup -3}) ''quasilinear'' regime, characterized by a monochromatic ''locked-mode'' spectrum, into the non-linear regime; and then into a weakly turbulent state (e Empty-Set /kT Less-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 1) characterized by a noisy ''hash'' spectrum. A novel ''raster-display'' method provides a complete picture of the development of the instability and the transition to turbulence. The experimentally determined basic characteristics of the instability such as the mode frequencies, direction of azimuthal propagation, coherence properties, density independence, magnetic field dependence, and spatial dependence of mode amplitude, are in good qualitative agreement with the linear theory of the universal instability. Experiments have also been carried out on the effect of column length on the real part of the frequency (approximately a 10% correction) and on the imaginary part. The effect on the latter is due to ion Landau damping and the method provides an excellent means of studying the Landau damping mechanism itself. The results of these experiments are also in good agreement with the linear theory and have, in addition, revealed a number of non-linear effects such as ''mode jumping'' and ''mode locking''. These non-linear phenomena have been analyzed by generalizing standard methods of non-linear mechanics to distributed systems and are found to be related to similar phenomena observed in optical masers and lumped-parameter vacuumtube systems. (author) [French] La colonne entierement ionisee dans une machine a plasma thermique (machine-Q) fournit un milieu qui convient l'etude de l'instabilite universelle (onde de derive) produite par l'effet combine du rayon de Larmor fini des ions et du gradient de densite perpendiculaire au champ magnetique de confinement. On peut faire varier les parametres sans dimension appropries dans un intervalle tel que les resultats puissent etre gradues pour permettre des comparaisons avec des'plasmas presentant un interet thermonucleaire, et on peut exciter l'instabilite sous controle par un ajustement approprie des conditions de couche aux plaques metalliques terminales en recourant aux techniques de controle de couche qui sont examinees en meme temps queja theorie sur laquelle elles reposent. En recourant a ces techniques; on peut maintenir l'amplitude d'oscillation a des niveaux arbitrairement bas et on peut suivre le comportement de l'instabilite dans son passage du regime 'quasi lineaire' de basse amplitude (e Empty-Set /kT Tilde-Operator 10{sup -3}) - caracterise par un spectre monochromatique de 'mode ferme' -au regime non lineaire, puis a un etat faiblement turbulent (e Empty-Set /kT Less-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 1) - caracterise par un spectre de bruit 'hache'. Une methode nouvelle 'd'agencement en grille' fournit un tableau complet du developpement de l'instabilite et de la transition vers la turbulence. Les caracteristiques fondamentales de l'instabilite, determinees experimentalement, telles que les frequences de mode, la direction de la propagation azimutale, les proprietes de coherence, l'indep'endance a . l'egard de la densite, la dependance a l'egard duchamp magnetique et la dependance spatiale de l'amplitude de mode sont qualitativement en bon accord avec la theorie lineaire de l'instabilite universelle. L'auteur a egalement procede a des experiences sur l'effet de la longueur de la colonne sur la partie reelle de la frequence (une correction d'environ 10%) ainsi que sur sa partie imaginaire. L'effet sur cette derniere partie est du a l'amortissement de Landau des ions et cette methode fournit un excellent moyen d'etudier le mecanisme {center_dot} meme de l'amortissement de Landau. Les resultats de ces experiences sont aussi en bon accord avec la theorie lineaire et ils ont, en outre, revele plusieurs effets non lineaires tels que le < saut de mode> et la . L'auteur a analyse ces phenomenes non lineaires en etendant l'application des methodes courantes de la mecanique non lineaire a des systemes discontinus et il a trouve une relation entre eux et des phenomenes similaires observes dans des masers optiques et dans des dispositifs a tube et parametres globaux. (author) [Spanish] La columna totalmente ionizada en un dispositivo de plasma termico (maquina Q) constituye un medio conveniente para estudiar la inestabilidad universal (onda de deriva) producida por el efecto combinado del radio de Larmor finito de los iones, y del gradiente de densidad-perpendicular al campo magnetico de confinamiento. Es posible modificar los parametros adimensionales adecuados en un intervalo de valores tal que los resultados puedan graduarse a fin de permitir comparaciones con plasmas que presentan interes termonuclear; la inestabilidad puede provocarse de manera controlada regulando adecuadamente las condiciones de la capa lfmite en las placas metalicas terminales mediante tecnicas de control que se analizan conjuntamente con la teoria en que se basan. Recurriendo a estas tecnicas, es posible mantener la amplitud de las oscilaciones en valores arbitrariamente bajos y seguir el comportamiento de la inestabilidad desde el regimen 'cuasi lineal' de baja-amplitud (e Empty-Set /kT Tilde-Operator 10{sup -3}), caracterizado por un espectro monocromatico de 'modo inmovilizado', pasando por el regimen no lineal, hasta el estado debilmente turbulento (e Empty-Set /kT Less-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 1), caracterizado por un espectro de ruidos 'entrecortados'. Un nuevo metodo de 'presentacion en cuadricula' permite obtener una imagen completa del desarrollo de la inestabilidad y de la transicion a la turbulencia. Las caracteristicas fundamentales de la inestabilidad determinadas experimen taime rite, tales como las frecuencias modales, la direccion de propagacion azimutal, las propiedades de coherencia, la independencia con respecto a la densidad, la dependencia del campo magnetico y la dependencia espacial de la amplitud modal concuerdan cualitativamente con la teorfa lineal de la inestabilidad universal. El autor efectuo tambien Hmerimentos sobre el efecto que la longitud de la columna ejerce sobre la parte real de la frecuencia (correction del orden de 10%) y sobre su parte imaginaria. El efecto sobre la ultima parte se debe al amortiguamiento He Landau de los iones y el metodo constituye un excelente medio para estudiar el mecanismo del amortigua- Sniento de Landau propiamente dicho. Los resultados de estos experimentos concuerdan asimismo con la teorfa fineal y, ademas, han puesto de manifiesto una serie de efectos no lineales, tales por ejemplo el 'salto modal' i el 'cierre modal'. Estos fenomenos no lineales se analizaron extendiendo los metodos normales de la mecanica no lineal a los sistemas discontinuos, hallandose que estan relacionados con fenomenos similares obser- . vados en masers opticos y en sistemas de tubo de vacio con parametros globales. (author) [Russian] udobnoj sredoj dlja izuchenija universal'noj neustojchivosti (neustojchivosti drejfujushhej volny), voznikajushhej iz sovmestnogo jeffekta konechnog larmorovskogo ionnogo radiusa i gradienta plotnosti, perpendikuljarnogo uderzhivajushhemu magnitnomu polju. Sootvetstvujushhie bezrazmernye parametry mogut var'irovat'sja v takih predelah, chtoby rezul'taty mozhno bylo sopostavljat' v celjah sravnenija s plazmami, predstavljajushhimi interes dlja termojadernyh issledovanij, i upravljaemaja neustojchivost' mogla by byt' vyzvana sootvetstvujushhim regulirovaniem anodnogo rezhima na plastinah s metallicheskimi okonchanijami putem ispol'zovanija metodov upravlenija anodom, kotorye rassmatrivajutsja vmeste s osnovnoj'teoriej. Pri ispol'zovanii jetih metodov amplituda ascilljacij, mozhet uderzhivat'sja na proizvol'no ustanovlennyh nizkih urovnjah i povedenie neustojchivosti mozhet byt' proslezheno, nachinaja ot nizkoamplitudnogo (e Empty-Set /kT Tilde-Operator 10{sup -3}) ''kvazi-linejno- go'' rezhima, kotoryj harakterizuetsja monohromaticheskim ''zamknutovidnym'' spektrom, do nelinejnogo rezhima, a zatem do slabo-turbulentnogo sostojanija (e Empty-Set /kT Less-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 1) , kotoroe harakterizuetsja iskazhennym ''haoticheskim'' spektrom. Novyj ''rastrovosproizvodjashhij'' metod daet polnuju kartinu razvitija neustojchivosti i perehoda k turbulentnosti. Jeksperimental'no opredelennye osnovnye harakteristiki neustojchivosti, takie kak chastotnye mody, napravlenie azimutal'nogo rasprostranenija, svojstva kogerentnosti, nezavisimost' plotnosti, zavisimost' magnitnogo polja, prostranstvennaja zavisimost' mo- dovoj amplitudy horosho soglasujutsja v kachestvennom otnoshenii s linejnoj teoriej universal'noj neustojchivosti. Jeksperimenty provodilis' takzhe otnositel'no jeffekta dliny stolba na real'nuju chast' chastoty (popravka primerno v 10%) i na voobrazhaemuju chast'. Jeffekt na voobrazhaemuju chast' imeet mesto blagodarja ionnomu dempfirovaniju Landau, i dannyj metod javljaetsja otlichnym sredstvom izuchenija samogo mehanizma dempfirovanija Landau. Rezul'taty jetih jeksperimentov takzhe horosho soglasujutsja s linejnoj teoriej i, krome togo, obnaruzhivajut rjad nelinejnyh jeffektov, takih kak ''modovyj skachok'' i ''mo- dovoe zamykanie''. Jeti nelinejnye javlenija proanalizirovany putem rasprostranenija standartnyh metodov nelinejnoj mehaniki na raspredelennye sistemy i ustanovleno, chto oni imejut otnoshenie k analogichnym javlenijam, nabljudaemym v opticheskih mazerah i blochno- parametricheskih vakuumno-trubnyh sistemah. (author)

Especificidade alimentar: em busca de um caráter taxonômico para a diferenciação de duas espécies crípticas de cochonilhas do gênero Planococcus (Hemíptera: Pseudococcidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Luiza Viana de Sousa

2012-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar uma possível especificidade alimentar de duas espécies crípticas de cochonilhas do gênero Planococcus, refletida em seu desenvolvimento em frutos de cacaueiro, cafeeiro e citros. A cochonilha Planococcus minor (Maskell, obtida de frutos de cacau (Theobroma cacao L. cv. Comum, e Planococcus citri (Risso, de lavoura de café (Coffea arabica L. cv. Mundo Novo e de mudas de citros (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Bahia, foram criadas em abóboras (Cucurbita maxima L., em laboratório. Rosetas com frutos de café foram mantidas sobre uma lâmina de 5 mm de ágar-água em placas de Petri, vedadas com filme plástico de polietileno. Em frutos de citros e cacau foram utilizadas gaiolas plásticas cilíndricas (1,5 cm x 3,0 cm, vedadas com voile na parte superior, as quais foram fixadas nos frutos por meio de um elástico. Os bioensaios foram conduzidos em câmaras climatizadas a 25 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% UR e 12 horas de fotofase, utilizando-se de 30 repetições. Para as cochonilhas provenientes de cafeeiro, o substrato café proporcionou o maior período ninfal de fêmeas (20,8 dias e maior longevidade (31,7 dias. Para fêmeas oriundas de cacau, o substrato cacau promoveu o menor período ninfal (21,1 dias e maior longevidade (25,0 dias. Para aquelas oriundas de citros, o substrato cacau promoveu o menor período ninfal (18,4 dias, e o substrato citros, a maior longevidade (32,0 dias. As maiores porcentagens de mortalidade (50% foram obtidas das ninfas oriundas de frutos de cacau e citros, criadas em café e cacau, e as menores foram das ninfas oriundas de frutos de café, independentemente do substrato em que foram criadas. A cochonilha P. minor mostra uma associação mais estreita com o cacau e, eventualmente, café, em relação ao citros, o que explicaria sua maior ocorrência em cacau. No entanto, P. citri não evidencia nenhuma especificidade para os três substratos testados.

Estudo da diversidade genética de Podosphaera xanthii através de marcadores AFLP e seqüências ITS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erika Sayuri Naruzawa

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O meloeiro (Cucumis melo L. é uma frutífera largamente cultivada no Brasil, principalmente no nordeste brasileiro, onde é produzida principalmente para a exportação. Plantas da família do meloeiro, como pepino e abóbora, podem ser severamente afetadas pelo oídio, causado por Podosphaera xanthii.. Este fungo apresenta diversas raças fisiológicas cuja correta identificação é importante para o manejo da doença, já que o uso de variedades resistentes é o método mais eficaz de seu controle. No entanto, a identificação destas raças por meio da prática tradicional de inoculações em uma série diferenciadora de variedades de meloeiro é laboriosa e passível de erros. Devido a isso, um método alternativo seria o uso de marcadores moleculares para determinar de forma rápida a identidade das raças. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar a variabilidade entre isolados de P. xanthii previamente classificados em raças através da técnica de AFLP e do seqüenciamento da região ITS 5.8S do rDNA. A partir dos marcadores AFLP obteve-se um dendrograma no qual não houve separação dos isolados quanto às suas raças, origem geográfica ou hospedeiro de origem. Com esta técnica verificou-se alta variabilidade entre isolados, com similaridade genética máxima de 69% e similaridade mínima de 23%. Ao contrário da informação gerada por AFLP, não foi observada variação na sequência da região ITS 5.8S entre isolados. Desta forma, a análise por AFLP indicou que os isolados tem composição genética heterogênea muito embora este fato não tenha sido evidenciado pelo sequenciamento da região ITS.

Produção de pepino de plantas enxertadas cultivadas em soluções nutritivas com diferentes teores de potássio Growth and yield of grafted cucumber plants cultivated in hydroponic solution with different potassium levels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo César Costa

2001-11-01

Full Text Available O experimento foi conduzido em estufa tipo arco de 50 m² na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP em Botucatu. Plantas de pepino (Cucumis sativus L. não enxertadas e enxertadas em abóbora (Cucurbita sp. foram cultivadas em sistema hidropônico para estudar o efeito de níveis de potássio (45; 90; 180 e 360 mg.L-1 de K na altura da planta e produção de número de frutos/m². A condução das plantas foi em vasos de 28 L de capacidade contendo 20% vermiculita + 80% casca de arroz + solução nutritiva fornecida a partir de galões individuais contendo 20 litros de solução. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com oito tratamentos (fatorial 4 x 2 e três repetições. Não houve efeito da enxertia e das doses de K sobre a altura da planta, porém, os níveis de potássio independente da enxertia alteraram o início da floração. A enxertia potencializou a produção aumentando em 39% o número de frutos/m² quando fornecido na solução nutritiva 45 mg.L-1 de K e 144% com 360 mg.L-1 de K. O menor teor de potássio, 45 mg.L-1, foi suficiente para atingir alta produção.The trial was carried out at Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas in Botucatu, Brazil. Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. grafted on squash (Cucumis sp. were cultivated in hydroponic solution to study the effect of three potassium levels (45; 90; 180 and 360 mg.L-1 K on growth and yield of grafted and non grafted cucumber plants. There was no effect of plant height, but grafting and potassium level altered flowering outset. Grafted plants fertilized with 45 mg.L_1 K produced 39% more fruits than non grafted ones, and produced 144% more fruits when fertilized with 360 mg.L-1 K. The lowest K level studied (45 mg.L_1 K was enough to obtain high yield.

Variación morfológica de los peces Hemibrycon boquiae y Hemibrycon rafaelense (Characiformes: Characidae en el Río Cauca, Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César Román-Valencia

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Analizamos la variación morfológica y osteológica en Hemibrycon boquiae y H. rafaelense en la cuenca del río Cauca. Los análisis multivariados determinan poblaciones de H. boquiae en las quebradas: Boquiae, Honda, Las Águilas, Doña Juana, Villa Paola, Portachuelo, La Víbora, Aimes y Ramírez y poblaciones de H. rafaelense en las quebradas: Canceles, La Clara, San Rafael y San José. No hay diferencias en la morfometría entre las poblaciones de H. boquiae y H. rafaelense. Se presentan discrepancias merísticas significativas para las poblaciones de H. boquiae (n= 277 y H. rafaelense (n= 121 en: número de escamas entre la línea lateral y la aleta anal, y número de escamas entre la línea lateral y la aleta pélvica. La distancia de similaridad del análisis de agrupamiento ("cluster" para los caracteres osteológicos, al igual que el número de escamas predorsales, apoyan la existencia de dos grupos discretos que corresponden a H. boquiae y H. rafaelense.Morphological variation in populations of Hemibrycon boquiae and H. rafaelense from Rio Cauca, Colombia. We analyzed the variation in morphological and osteological characteristics of Hemibrycon boquiae and Hemibrycon rafaelense in the Cauca River. The multivariate analysis determined populations of H. boquiae in nine streams: Boquier, Honda, Las Aguilas, Doña Juana, Villa Paola, Portachuelo, The Snake, Aimes and Ramirez, and populations of H. rafaelense in four streams: Canceles, Clara, San Rafael and San Jose. There were morphometric differences among populations of H. boquiae (n= 277 and H. rafaelense (n= 121. Nevertheless, there were significant meristic discrepancies among populations of both species: number of scales between lateral line and anal fin, and number of scales between lateral line and pelvic fin. The absence of bilateral symmetry was observed in the number of maxillary teeth in H. boquiae. The cluster analysis distance for osteological characters, including the

Different-ligand boron complexes with gluconate-ions and pentaerythritol and gluconatoborates with B-O-B bridge bond. Raznoligandnye kompleksy bora s glyukonat-ionami i pentaehritritom i glyukonatoboraty s mostikovoj V-O-V svyaz'yu

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tel' zhenskaya, P N; Shvarts, E M; Vitola, I M [AN Latvijskoj SSR, Riga (USSR). Inst. Neorganicheskoj Khimii

1990-01-01

Borogluconates differing in structure of the complex dimeric borogluconate ion from the described earlier have been synthesized. The results of physicochemical measurements (chemical and thermal analysis, IR-spectroscopy, titration according to Fisher, conductometry) allowed to propose formulas for the studied compounds.

A Depth-Focusing Collimator for the Investigation of the Brain Cortex; Collimateur a Focalisation Profonde pour l'Exploration de la Substance Corticale du Cerveau; Kollimator s glubinnoj fokusirovkoj dlya''issledovaniya kory golovnogo mozga; Colimador de Enfoque Profundo para Estudios de la Corteza Cerebral

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Glasswestern, H. I. [Regional Hospital Board, Glasgow (United Kingdom)

1964-10-15

A detector is described which consists of a 5-in diam. by 1/2 in thick sodium iodide crystal and a depth-focusing collimator. The collimator was designed initially for use in brain cortical blood-flow investigations using Xe{sup 133} but may be used with other soft gamma-emitting isotopes such as I{sup 125}. The collimator, which is constructed of lead, is 1/2-in thick and is of multichannel design. The focus is at 1.75 cm from the face of the collimator. The response in air to a point source on the central axis of the collimator falls to 10% of the maximum at {+-} 0.75 cm from the focus. The far field response in tissue is considerably better than in air due to high tissue attenuation of the soft gamma radiation. The response of the collimator to a point source in air and inside a skull is presented. The collimator has been used to measure local cortical blood flow in the brain using Xe{sup 133}. However, using I{sup 125}-tagged chemicals, the detection of cortical tumours and haemorrhages is possible using this apparatus. (author) [French] L'auteur decrit un detecteur constitue par un cristal de Nal (125 mm de diametre et 6 mm d'epaisseur) et un collimateur a focalisation profonde. Ce collimateur a ete concu pour etudier le flux sanguin dans la substance corticale du cerveau a l'aide de {sup 133}Xe, mais il peut aussi etre utilise avec d'autres emetteurs de rayons gamma mous, tels que izsi. Le collimateur, a canaux multiples, est en plomb; il a une epaisseur de 6 mm. Son foyer est a 17,5mm de la face du collimateur. La reponse dans l'air pour une source ponctuelle placee sur l'axe central du co llimateur tombe a 10% de la valeur maximum a {+-} 7,5 mm du foyer. La reponse pour un champ eloigne est sensiblement meilleure dans les tissus que dans l'air, du fait de la forte attenuation des rayons gamma mous. Le memoire indique la reponse du collimateur pour une source ponctuelle dans l'air et a l'interieur de la boite cranienne. Ce collimateur a ete utilise pour mesurer, a l'aide de {sup 133}Xe, des flux sanguins localises dans la substance corticale du cerveau. Toutefois, l'appareil permet aussi de detecter, avec des produits chimiques marques par {sup 125}l, des tumeurs et des hemorragies de la substance corticale. (author) [Spanish] El autor describe un detector que consiste en un cristal de yoduro de sodio, de 5 pulg de diametro y i de pulg de espesor, y un colimador de enfoque profundo. En principio, el colimador fue diseflado para el estudio de la circulacion sanguinea en la corteza cerebral mediante el {sup 133}Xe, pero puede utilizarse tambien con otros emisores de rayos gamma blandos, por ejemplo, el {sup 125}I. El colimador, de plomo, tiene Inverted-Question-Mark de pulg de espesor y es de tipo multicanal. El foco esta situado a 1,75 cm de la cara anterior. La respuesta en aire a una fuente puntiforme que se mueva a lo largo del eje central del colimador decrece hasta el {sup 125}I del valor maximo a {+-} 0,75 cm del foco. La respuesta en tejidos para campos alejados es considerablemente mejor que en aire debido a que los tejidos atenuan mucho la radiacion gamma blanda. El autor describe la respuesta del colimador a una fuente puntiforme situada en el aire y dentro de un craneo. El colimador se ha empleado para medir, con ayuda de {sup 133}Xe, la circulacion sanguinea en la corteza cerebral; pero mediante productos quimicos marcados con {sup 125}I, permite tambien detectar hemorragias y tumores corticales. (author) [Russian] Opisyvaetsja detektor , sostojashhij iz kristalla iodistogo natrija dimetrom 12,5 sm i tolshhinoj 6,2 mm kollimatora s glubinnoj fokusirovkoj. Kollimator pervonachal'no prednaznachalsja dlja issledovanija krovoobrashhenija v kore golovnogo m o zga s pomoshh'ju ks en on a -133 , no mozhno takzhe ispol'zovat' i drugie mjagkie gamma-izluchajushhie i zo topy, naprimer j o d -125. Kollimator so svincovym korpusom tolshhinoj 6m m javljaetsja mnogokanal'nym. Fokus nahoditsja na rasstojanii 1,75 sm ot poverhnosti kollimatora. Chuvstvitel'nost' v vozduhe k tochechnomu istochniku po glavnoj osi kollimatora p adaet do 10% maksimal'noj velichiny na rasstojanii {+-} 0,75 cm ot fok u sa . Chuvstvitel'nost' dal'nego polja znachitel'no luchshe v tkani, chem v vozduhe vvidu bol'shogo oslablenija v tkani potoka mjagkih gamma-luchej. Privodjatsja dannye o chuvstvitel'nosti kollimatora k tochechnomu istochniku vvozd u h e i vnutri ch er ep a . Kollimator ispol'zovalsja dlja izmerenija m estn ogo krovotoka v kore golovnogo m ozga s pomoshh'ju ksenona 133. Odnako jetot apparat pozvoljaet s pomoshh'ju mechennyh jodom-125 preparatov obnaruzhivat' krovoizlijanija i opuholi kory golovnogo mozga . (author)

Numerical modelling of an oil spill in the northern Adriatic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marin Paladin

2012-04-01

within the timeframe. Each scenario includes a simulation of oil transport for a period of two months after the beginning of the oil spill.The results show that the coastal belt between the towns of Porec and Rovinj is seriously exposed to an oil pollution load, especially a few days after a strong and persistent bora (NE wind.

Uso da terra e a qualidade microbiana de agregados de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rogério Melloni

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A maioria dos estudos relacionados à agregação do solo associa o efeito de manejos ou tipos de uso da terra ao teor de matéria orgânica. No entanto, a avaliação de microrganismos e seus processos, feita diretamente em estruturas indeformadas do solo, permite maior entendimento do real efeito de diferentes tipos de manejos exercidos sobre esse. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar modificações impostas por diferentes tipos de uso da terra (pastagem, mata de eucalipto, mata com araucária, plantio convencional com cenoura e plantio convencional com abóbora em atributos químicos (pH, Ca, Mg, Al, P, K, S e matéria orgânica e físicos (diâmetro médio geométrico - DMG, diâmetro médio ponderado - DMP, densidade do solo e densidade de partículas e na qualidade microbiana (atividade e carbono microbianos, micélio extrarradicular total de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e quociente metabólico - qCO2 de classes de tamanho de agregados (I- 4,00 a 2,36 mm; II- 2,36 a 1,18 mm; III- 1,18 a 0,60 mm; IV- 0,60 a 0,30 mm; e V- 0,30 a 0,15 mm de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, no sul de Minas Gerais. Os resultados evidenciaram que os tipos de uso da terra interferem na formação, no tamanho e na qualidade microbiana dos agregados. Em agregados menores (classes IV e V, há redução de micélio extrarradicular de fungos e biomassa microbiana e aumento da atividade e do quociente metabólico, independentemente do tipo de uso da terra. A qualidade microbiana de agregados maiores do solo sob mata de araucária, com tamanho entre 0,60 e 4,00 mm (I, II e III, é semelhante a todas as classes de tamanho de agregados do solo sob mata de eucalipto, enquanto a de agregados menores de 0,60 mm (IV e V é semelhante a todas de tamanho de agregados da pastagem. Agregados do cultivo convencional, diferentemente dos demais tipos de uso da terra, apresentam baixa qualidade microbiana e relação com a fertilidade do solo.

CONSUMER PROFILE AND PRICE VARIATION OF AGRO-ECOLOGICAL PRODUCTS PERFIL DO CONSUMIDOR E OSCILAÇÕES DE PREÇOS DE PRODUTOS AGROECOLÓGICOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Érika Lidia Silva Cavalcante

2011-10-01

Full Text Available

The consumption of natural foods has increased significantly all over the world, and the term “organic” has acquired great importance. Thus, this study tried to identify the consumer profile of organic foods in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil, in order to find out the main difficulties faced to purchase this kind of product. Prices for organic and conventional foods were also compared. The main problem mentioned by the people questioned about the difficulties for consuming this kind of product was the price factor, followed by its availability. Pumpkin (Curcubita moschata, eggplant (Solanum melongena, beetroot (Beta vulgaris L., carrot (Daucus carota L., jiló (Solanum gilo Raddi, and cucumber (Cucumis sativu were the products that showed the highest percent variation in price (conventional x organic.

Em todo o mundo, o consumo de alimentos naturais tem aumentado significativamente, e o termo “orgânico” tem se destacado. Em face disto, buscou-se conhecer o perfil do consumidor de alimentos orgânicos, no município de Goiânia (GO, bem como saber quais são as principais dificuldades por ele encontradas, na aquisição destes produtos. Fez-se, também, um levantamento de preços, a fim de serem comparados alimentos orgânicos e convencionais. O principal problema apontado pelos entrevistados, quanto à dificuldade no consumo, foi o fator preço, seguido pela disponibilidade de produtos. Abóbora (

Spatial and temporal variability of thermohaline properties in the Bay of Koper (northern Adriatic Sea)

Science.gov (United States)

Soczka Mandac, Rok; Žagar, Dušan; Faganeli, Jadran

2013-04-01

In this study influence of fresh water discharge on the spatial and temporal variability of thermohaline (TH) conditions is explored for the Bay of Koper (Bay). The Bay is subject to different driving agents: wind stress (bora, sirocco), tidal and seiches effect, buoyancy fluxes, general circulation of the Adriatic Sea and discharge of the Rizana and Badaševica rivers. These rivers have torrential characteristics that are hard to forecast in relation to meteorological events (precipitation). Therefore, during episodic events the spatial and temporal variability of TH properties in the Bay is difficult to determine [1]. Measurements of temperature, salinity and turbidity were conducted monthly on 35 sampling points in the period: June 2011 - December 2012. The data were processed and spatial interpolated with an objective analysis method. Furthermore, empirical orthogonal function analysis (EOF) [2] was applied to investigate spatial and temporal TH variations. Strong horizontal and vertical stratification was observed in the beginning of June 2011 due to high fresh water discharge of the Rizana (31 m3/s) and Badaševica (2 m3/s) rivers. The horizontal gradient (ΔT = 6°C) was noticed near the mouth of the Rizana river. Similar pattern was identified for salinity field on the boundary of the front where the gradient was ΔS = 20 PSU. Vertical temperature gradient was ΔT = 4°C while salinity gradient was ΔS = 18 PSU in the subsurface layer at depth of 3 m. Spatial analysis of the first principal component (86% of the total variance) shows uniform temperature distribution in the surface layer (1m) during the studied period. Furthermore, temporal variability of temperature shows seasonal variation with a minimum in February and maximum in August. This confirms that episodic events have a negligible effect on spatial and temporal variation of temperature in the subsurface layer. Further analysis will include application of EOF on the salinity, density and total

The cave paintings of the Covatina del Tossalet del Mas de la Rambla», Vilafranca, Castellón | Las pinturas rupestres de la "Covatina del Tossalet del Mas de la Rambla", Villafranca, Castellón | Las pinturas rupestres de la "Covatina del Tossalet del Mas de la Rambla", Villafranca, Castellón

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norberto Mesado Olivier

1989-12-01

Full Text Available Vilafranca, en el linde N del País, conserva en «La Covatina del Tossalet del Mas de la Rambla», un grupo de unas 24 figuras pertenecientes al tradicionalmennte denominado «Arte Levantino», y que recientemente hemos convenido en llamar «Arte Rupestre del Neolítico Inciso». Destaca por novedosa la caza de una gran ave rapaz (posiblemente un córvido, herida por un proyectil procedente de una honda, arma que lleva un bello cazador en «vuelo», el cual viste sofisticadamente. Otro grupo de figuras humanas singulares aparecen capturando víboras, práctica que llegó tanto en Vilafranca como en el vecino pueblo de Castellfort, a los inicios del siglo XX. Tan singular depredación habrá de relacionarse con la extracción del mortífero veneno de la «vípera Latasti». Su empleo tanto pudo servir para empozoñar las puntas de las saetas de los cazadores prehistóricos de este importantísimo foco del Maestrazgo, o como «fármacos» al estilo de la «Triaca Magna». | Vilafranca, dans la limite Nord du Pays, a dans «La Covatina del Tossalet del Mas de la Rambla», un groupe d'unes 24 figures appartenant au traditionnelment dénomme «Arte Levantino» et que récemment on a accordé dénomé «Art Rupestre du Néolithique Haché». Détache, par nouvelle, la chasse d'un gran oiseau de proie (possiblement un Corvidé, bléssé par un projectile originaire d'une fronde d'un chasseur, lequel est habillé sophistiquément. Un autre groupe de figures humaines se trouve chassant des vipéres, usage qui est arrivé á Vilafranca jusqu'au XXéme siécle. Cette singuliére chasse doit étre lié a l'extraction du poison meutrier de la «Vipera Latasti». Sa finalité aurait bien pu étre empoisonner les pointes dis fleches utilisées par les chasseurs préhistoriques de cette tres importante aire du «Maestrazgo»; ou bien comme «medicament» du méme type que la »Triarca Magna».

Tritium Studies in the United States. Geological Survey; Le tritium dans les etudes entreprises par le Service Geologique des Etats-Unis; Izuchenie tritiya v svyazi s geologicheskim obsledovaniem ssha; El tritio en los estudios del Servicio Geologico de los Estados Unidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carlston, C W; Thatcher, L L [United States Geological Survey, Washington, DC (United States)

1962-01-15

hydrogeno-etileno son las mas satisfactorias. Se ha estudiado el enriquecimiento electrolitico con el proposito de mejorar la reproductibilidad del metodo y de evaluar los factores de separacion en diferentes condiciones experimentales. Se ha encontrado un prodecimiento que permite recuperar regularmente el 75 por ciento del tritio. Los principales trabajos efectuados en el terreno consisten en: 1. Un estudio realizado con ayuda de tritio en la llanura costera de Nueva Jersey, el cual indica que debajo del nivel freatico el agua aparece dispuesta en capas de diferentes edades. 2. Estudios en dos macizos autoctonos diferentes con el fin de determinar el comportamiento del tritio precipitado a raiz de los ensayos termonucleares realizados en 1958. 3. Utilizacion del tritio para determinar la renovacion del agua subterranea en las areniscas terciarias subyacentes a los altiplanos semiaridos de Nuevo Mexico. 4. Un estudio del contenido de tritio en las aguas subterraneas de la llanura del Snake River-en Idaho, que se lleva a cabo en procura de datos sobre la edad, los caudales y la direccion de cir, culacion del agua. 5. La determinacion de la capacidad de un deposito subterraneo proximo a Carlsbad, Nuevo Mexico, usando tritio industrial como indicador. (author) [Russian] Upravlenie geologicheskogo obsledovaniya provodit issledovatel'skuyu programmu kak po linii laboratornogo analiza tritiya, tak i v tselom ryade proektov na mestakh, napravlennykh na izuchenie vozmozhnoj foli tritiya v gidrologicheskikh izyskaniyakh. Laboratornye issledovaniya byli predprinyaty s tsel'yu usovershenstvovaniya tekhniki otschetov impul'sov gazovoj fazy, a takzhe s tsel'yu razrabotki prostykh priborov, prisposoblennykh dlya vypolneniya programmy dolgosrochnogo gidrologicheskogo obsledovaniya . Izuchenie razlichnykh prigodnykh dlya scheta gazovykh smesej pokazyvaet na preimushchestva smesej' vodoroda s ehfirom i vodoroda s ehtilenom. Bylo izucheno ehlekroliticheskoe obogashchenie s tsel

Will increasing temperature and CO2 affect pumpkin early development in Brazilian semi-arid? | O aumento da temperatura e do CO2 afetará o desenvolvimento precoce da abóbora no semi-árido brasileiro?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bárbara França Dantas

2017-06-01

Full Text Available With rising levels of CO2 in atmosphere, understanding possible impacts on development and growth of plants becomes increasingly important. The aim of this study was to evaluate interaction between different temperatures and CO2 levels in germination and early development of seedlings of different species of pumpkin. Seeds of Cucurbita pepo cultivars ‘Caserta’ and ‘Redonda’, and Cucurbita maxima ‘Coroa’ were sown in trays of 36 cells and held in growth chambers with different combinations of levels of CO2 and day/night temperatures. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 X 3 factorial scheme with two levels of CO2 concentration (360 and 550ppm and three day/night temperatures (26/20, 29/26 and 32/26°C, with four replicates of 18 seedlings for each treatment. CO2 levels used caused different effects among cultivars for most variables, but a significant change in physiological behavior of seedlings with increasing CO2 concentration was not observed. Increase in temperature led to physiological changes in both seeds and seedlings. The predicted conditions of increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 and temperature are damaging to production of pumpkin seedlings

Effect of rotating magnetic field on thermocapillary flow stability and the FZ crystal growth on the ground and in space

Science.gov (United States)

Feonychev, A. I.

thermal gravitational and thermocapillary convection with secondary flow created by rotating magnetic field, the pulsating oscillations had been also discovered. High-frequency oscillations, with frequencies are usual for oscillatory thermocapillary convection, are modulated by low-frequency oscillation. The latter has frequency is less than the first one by a factor of 10 and more and amplitude can be comparable to amplitude of high-frequency oscillations. Mathematical model of fluid rotating by the action of magnetic field gives an instrument for study of different hydrodynamic problems. Some geophysical problems connected with flow of rotating fluid had been considered in /5/. References 1. Feonychev A.I., Dolgikh G.A. Cosmic Research. 2001. Vol. 39. N 4, pp. 390-399 (translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya). 2. Feonychev A.I. Cosmic Research. 2004 (in press, in Russia). 3. Feonychev A.I., Dolgikh G.A. IX Europ. Symp.'' Gravity-Dependent Phenomena in Physical Science''. Berlin. 1995. Abstracts. P. 246. 4. Feonychev A.I., Bondareva N.V. 2004. Vol. 77. N 2 (translated from Inzhinerno-Physicheskyi zhurnal). 5. Feonychev A.I., Bondareva N.V. Laminar and turbulent flows in homogeneous and stratified rotating fluid. 27th General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society. Nice. France. April 21-26. 2002. Abstract EGS02 -- A -- 01226.

Injeção de CO2 e lâminas de irrigação em tomateiro sob estufa CO2 injection and irrigation levels in greenhouse tomatoes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denis Cesar Cararo

2002-09-01

Full Text Available A aplicação de quantidades adequadas de água e o uso de técnicas associadas melhoram a produtividade e a qualidade de frutos de tomate, assegurando melhores lucratividades aos empreendimentos agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos da aplicação de lâminas de água e da injeção de dióxido de carbono (CO2 no sistema de irrigação sobre a cultura de tomate, cultivar Débora-Plus. Para isso foi conduzido um experimento em Piracicaba, de março a outubro de 1999 sob duas estufas, utilizando seis lâminas de água (40; 60; 80; 100; 120% e 140% da lâmina requerida pela cultura e dois níveis de dióxido de carbono (C0 = 0 g de CO2.L-1 de água e C1 = 7,73 g.L-1 de CO2 aplicados via água. O delineamento experimental para o efeito das lâminas de irrigação foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos de CO2 foram aplicados em estufas separadas. A irrigação foi realizada utilizando sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, com manejo controlado por tanques evaporimétricos reduzidos e tensiômetros. A aplicação do CO2 foi realizada por intermédio de um cilindro comercial e injetor tipo Venturi, durante o tempo necessário à aplicação da lâmina mínima de água. A aplicação de CO2 via água de irrigação proporcionou aumentos de 8,2%; 13% e 8,5% respectivamente na produtividade, peso de frutos de tamanho pequeno e conteúdo de matéria seca de frutos. Entretanto não foram verificados efeitos significativos sobre o número de frutos e o peso de frutos de tamanho médio. Análises da solução do solo indicaram que o uso do CO2 possivelmente contribui para a melhoria das condições nutricionais do tomateiro. Verificou-se também a viabilidade econômica da aplicação deste gás. As lâminas de irrigação não proporcionaram efeitos significativos sobre a produtividade, o número total, o peso médio e o conteúdo de matéria seca de frutos. As produtividades máximas estimadas, ajustando

Estudio de la variabilidad en el veneno de 2 poblaciones de Bothriechis schlegelii del suroeste y norte de Antioquia y correlación morfométrica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiola Toro

2000-02-01

Full Text Available

Las serpientes pertenecen a la clase reptiles, orden escamados y suborden ofidios. Surgieron durante el periodo cretáceo hace aproximadamente 120 millones de años. La evolución de las formas venenosas es un poco más reciente, posiblemente hace unos 30 millones de años. Actualmente se conocen unas 3200 especies de serpientes de las cuales unas 1300 son venenosas, agrupadas en cuatro familias: Colubridae (cazadoras opistoglifas, Elapidae (corales, Hydrophiidae (serpientes marinas y Viperidae (víboras subfamilia Crotalinae (de fosa. La víbora Bothriechis schlegelii, es una serpiente arborícola que se distribuye desde Centroamérica hasta Suramérica (Venezuela, Ecuador y Colombia. En Colombia la especie se encuentra en las 3 cordilleras, en los valles interandinos y en las llanuras del Caribe y del Pacífico hasta los 2.640 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Su talla máxima es de 83 cm y el accidente por ella ocupa el primer lugar en las zonas cafeteras y en el norte de Antioquia. Además a esta especie se le ha demostrado variación en el patrón de coloración en las regiones del Suroeste y norte de Antioquia.

Variabilidad del Veneno: Los estudios de variabilidad en los venenos de las serpientes han comprendido el análisis con respecto a la zona geográfica, a la ontogenia, al régimen alimenticio y a la época del año, tanto de manera intraespecie como interespecie. Se ha observado que algunas especies aisladas reproductivamente por barreras naturales, presentan variaciones en la composición del veneno. En la especie Daboia russelli se reportó variabilidad geográfica en el veneno, hallazgo importante para el tratamiento, ya que el antiveneno producido con especimenes continentales, no es efectivo para

Isolation of alkalophilic CGTase-producing bacteria and characterization of cyclodextrin-glycosyltransferase

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

lma Hiroko Higuti

2003-03-01

Full Text Available One hundred and twenty five soil samples were collected from the regions of roots of corn, cassava, potato, bean, sugar cane, soya, and pumpkin. From these, 75 strains were isolated that produced a yellowish halo surrounding the colonies, due to a phenolphtalein-cyclodextrin (CD complex, and these were selected as alkalophilic CGTase-producing bacteria. All the 75 strains were identified as Bacillus firmus by microscopy and biochemical tests. The activity of the CGTase's varied from 2² to 2(10 dilutions,when assayed by CD-trichloroethylene (TCE-complex precipitation. Strain 31 that produced the enzyme at the higher level was selected, and its enzyme was partially purified by starch adsorption (x 17 in a yield of 51%. Maximum enzyme activity occurred at pH 5.5 and 8.5. At pH 5.5, the optimum temperature was 60°C. On increased from 30°C to 85°C, the thermodynamic parameter for activation energy was 8.27 kcal.mol-1. The enzyme was inhibited by Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+.Foram coletadas 125 amostras de solo de raízes de milho, mandioca, batata, feijão, cana-de-açúcar, soja e abóbora. Destas, 75 cepas foram isoladas por desenvolverem um halo amarelo ao redor das colônias, devido a formação do complexo fenoftaleína-ciclodextrina (CD sendo selecionadas como bactérias alcalofílicas produtoras de CGTase (EC 2.4.1.19.Todas as 75 cepas foram identificadas como Bacillus firmus por microscopia e testes bioquímicos. Quando ensaiada por precipitação com tricloroetileno a atividade da CGTase variou de diluição de 2² a 2(10. A cepa 31 foi selecionada devido a elevada produção de enzima, sendo esta parcialmente purificada por adsorção em amido (17 vezes com uma recuperação de 51%. A máxima atividade enzimática ocorreu em pH 5,5 e 8,5. Em pH 5,5, a temperatura ótima foi de 60° C. Sob o aumento de 30° C a 85° C, o parâmetro de energia de ativação foi de 8,27 kcal.mol-1. A enzima foi inibida por Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Cu2

Análise dos teores de ácidos cianídrico e fítico em suplemento alimentar: multimistura Analysis of hydrogen cyanide and phytic acid contents in feeding supplements: multimixture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elizabete Helbig

2008-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetivou quantificar o teor de ácido cianídrico em folhas de mandioca, que receberam tratamento prévio antes da secagem, e a concentração de ácido fítico na multimistura submetida à cocção úmida. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se a multimistura produzida pela Pastoral da Criança da cidade de Pelotas (RS, constituída por: farelos de trigo (30% e arroz (30%: farinhas de milho (15% e trigo (10%; pós de casca de ovo (5%, de folha de mandioca (5% e de sementes (5%, abóbora ou girassol. Foi realizada orientação ao fornecedor da folha de mandioca sobre a forma recomendada de preparo antes da secagem. RESULTADOS: O conteúdo de ácidos cianídrico e fitatos no suplemento alimentar foram respectivamente de 85mg.kg-1 e 35.90mg.100-1. CONCLUSÃO: Verificou-se que a mudança na forma de secagem das folhas de mandioca foi eficiente para a redução de glicosídeos cianogênicos, e que o processo de torrefação dos ingredientes foi suficiente para produzir a redução de ácido fítico da multimistura aos níveis preconizados pela legislação, não sendo observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes quando comparadas as amostras que também foram tratadas com calor úmido.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to quantify the amount of hydrogen cyanide in cassava leaves that were treated before drying and the concentration of phytic acid in a multimixture submitted to wet cooking. METHODS: The multimixture produced by the Pastoral da Criança of the city of Pelotas (RS consisting of wheat flour (30%, rice flour (30%, corn flour (15%, wheat (10%, egg shell powder (5%, cassava leaves (5% and pumpkin or sunflower seeds (5% was used. The supplier was advised on how to process the cassava leaves before drying them. RESULTS: The hydrogen cyanide and phytic acid contents of the feeding supplement are 85mg.kg-1 and 35.90mg.100-1 respectively. CONCLUSION: Changing the way the cassava leaves were dried was efficient to reduce

Avaliação do desempenho dos reagentes do tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada utilizados para detectar o anticoagulante lúpico Assessment of the performance of reagents of activated partial thromboplastin time used to detect the lupus anticoagulant

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernanda Chiuso

2005-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: O anticoagulante lúpico é uma imunoglobulina pertencente à família dos anticorpos antifosfolípides. A sua ação in vitro é interferir nos testes de coagulação dependentes de fosfolípides. O tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPA é um teste utilizado como screening na pesquisa do anticoagulante lúpico. Os reagentes utilizados neste teste apresentam grandes variações quanto à sensibilidade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho dos reagentes do TTPA e detectar a presença do anticoagulante lúpico através de diferentes testes da coagulação. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A pesquisa do anticoagulante lúpico foi realizada em 50 amostras plasmáticas de pacientes do sexo feminino através dos testes do TTPA, do tempo de coagulação do caulim (TCC, do tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada diluída (TTPAd e do tempo do veneno da víbora de Russel diluído (TVVRd. Três cefalinas comerciais foram avaliadas pelos testes do TTPA e do TTPAd. Na comparação entre os reagentes estudados foi aplicado o cálculo do intervalo de confiança (95%. RESULTADOS: Os três reagentes avaliados apresentaram boa concordância e os métodos utilizados responderam bem à pesquisa do anticoagulante lúpico. DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO: As três cefalinas comerciais avaliadas podem ser utilizadas na rotina laboratorial para a pesquisa do anticoagulante lúpico.INTRODUCTION: The lupus anticoagulant is an immunoglobin which belongs to the antiphospholid antibodies family. Its in vitro function is to interfere with coagulation tests that are dependent on phospholipids. The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT is a test used as screening on lupus anticoagulant research. Reagents used in this test demonstrate wide sensitivity ranges. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of APTT reagents and detect the presence of lupus anticoagulant through various coagulation tests. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The lupus anticoagulant research was performed in plasma from 50

Evaluating meteo marine climatic model inputs for the investigation of coastal hydrodynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Bellafiore, D.; Bucchignani, E.; Umgiesser, G.

2010-09-01

One of the major aspects discussed in the recent works on climate change is how to provide information from the global scale to the local one. In fact the influence of sea level rise and changes in the meteorological conditions due to climate change in strategic areas like the coastal zone is at the base of the well known mitigation and risk assessment plans. The investigation of the coastal zone hydrodynamics, from a modeling point of view, has been the field for the connection between hydraulic models and ocean models and, in terms of process studies, finite element models have demonstrated their suitability in the reproduction of complex coastal morphology and in the capability to reproduce different spatial scale hydrodynamic processes. In this work the connection between two different model families, the climate models and the hydrodynamic models usually implemented for process studies, is tested. Together, they can be the most suitable tool for the investigation of climate change on coastal systems. A finite element model, SHYFEM (Shallow water Hydrodynamic Finite Element Model), is implemented on the Adriatic Sea, to investigate the effect of wind forcing datasets produced by different downscaling from global climate models in terms of surge and its coastal effects. The wind datasets are produced by the regional climate model COSMO-CLM (CIRA), and by EBU-POM model (Belgrade University), both downscaling from ECHAM4. As a first step the downscaled wind datasets, that have different spatial resolutions, has been analyzed for the period 1960-1990 to compare what is their capability to reproduce the measured wind statistics in the coastal zone in front of the Venice Lagoon. The particularity of the Adriatic Sea meteo climate is connected with the influence of the orography in the strengthening of winds like Bora, from North-East. The increase in spatial resolution permits the more resolved wind dataset to better reproduce meteorology and to provide a more

Wear studies in the shearing process by means of irradiated tools; Etudes d'usure dans les operations de cisaillement, au moyen d'outils irradies; Issledovaniya problemy iznosa v protsesse skalyvaniya posredstvom obluchennykh instrumentov; Estudios de desgaste en las operaciones de cizallamiento, realizados con ayuda de herramientas irradiadas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sata, Toshio; Abe, Kunio; Nakajima, Kiyoshi [Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Komagome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo (Japan)

1962-01-15

Tool wear in the shearing of sheet metals was studied with punches and dies of high-speed steel irradiated in an atomic pile. Circular discs 10 mm in diameter were punched from 0.5-mm-thick low-carbon steel, stainless steel and silicon steel in dry and lubricated states. After punching, the radioactivity of the discs and the holes was measured. When the radioactive die was replaced by a non-active one, little radioactivity was detected on the discs, while the radioactivity of the holes scarcely varied. This proved that the wear of the die can be found from the radioactivity of the discs, and that of the punch from the radioactivity of the holes. By this method the wear of the punch and die was followed by using different lubricants and sheet metals with the following results: (1) At the beginning of punching, the wear rates of both punch and die are very large but rapidly decrease, becoming eventually stationary after punching about four to five hundred pieces. (2) The wear rate of the punch is about 20% greater than that of the die. (3) Lubricants with extreme pressure additives, such as chlorine, phosphorus or sulphur, reduce tool wear, while refined mineral oils give little improvement. (4) The heaviest tool wear occurs when punching the harder sheet metals. Tool wear for stainless steel is about three times, and for silicon steel about six times, as large as for low-carbon steel. (author) [French] On a etudie l'usure des outils utilises pour le cisaillement de plaques de metal en se servant de poincons et de matrices en acier rapide irradies dans line pile atomique. Des pastilles de 10 mm de diametre ont ete decoupees, a sec et avec lubrifiants, dans des toles de 0,5 mm d'epaisseur d'acier pauvre en carbone, d'acier inoxydable et d'acier riche en silicium. Apres le poinconnage, on a mesure la radioactivite des pastilles et des trous. Lorsqu'on remplacait la matrice radioactive par une autre non radioactive, on ne detectait guere de radioactivite sur les pastilles, tandis que la radioactivite des trous variait a peine. Cela montre que l'usure de la matrice peut etre mesuree d'apres la radioactivite des pastilles, et celle du poincon d'apres la radioactivite des trous. On a eu recours a cette methode pour suivre le processus d'usure du poincon et de la matrice en employant differents lubrifiants et differentes toles, ce qui a permis de faire les constatations suivantes: 1. Au debut du poinconnage, le taux d'usure du poincon et celui de la matrice sont tres eleves mais diminuent rapidement, pour devenir finalement stationnaires apres decoupage d'environ 4 a 500 pieces. 2. L'usure du poincon est d'environ 20 % plus forte que celle de la matrice. 3. Les lubrifiants contenant des additifs qui resistent aux pressions extremes, tels que le chlore, le phosphore ou le soufre, reduisent l'usure des outils, tandis que les huiles minerales raffinees n'apportent guere d'amelioration. 4. La plus forte usure des outils se produit lors du poinconnage des toles les plus dures. Cette usure est environ trois fois plus forte pour l'acier inoxydable et environ six fois plus forte pour l'acier riche en silicium que pour l'acier pauvre en carbone. (author) [Spanish] Se ha estudiado el desgaste de las herramientas utilizadas en el corte de laminas metalicas con punzones y matrices de acero rapido irradiados en un reactor. Se recortaron a punzon discos de 10 mm de diametro en laminas de acero pobre en carbono, acero inoxidable y acero al silicio de 0,5 mm de espesor en estado seco y lubricado. Despues del punzonamiento, se midio la radiactividad de los discos y de los orificios. Al reemplazar la matriz radiactiva por otra no irradiada, se detecto escasa actividad en los discos, mientras que la radiactividad de los orificios apenas sufrio variacion. Ello demuestra que el desgaste de la matriz y del punzon pueden medirse en funcion de la radiactividad de los discos y de los orificios, respectivamente. Con ayuda de este metodo, se estudio el desgaste del punzon y de la matriz al emplear lubricantes y laminas metalicas de distintos tipos, obteniendose los resultados siguientes: 1) Al comienzo de la operacion, los indices de desgaste del punzon y de la matriz son muy elevados, pero disminuyen rapidamente, para estabilizarse despues de haber recortado entre 400 y 500 piezas; 2) El desgaste del punzon supera en un 20 por ciento al de la matriz; 3) Los lubricantes con aditivos especiales para altas presiones (compuestos de cloro, fosforo o azufre) reducen el desgaste de las herramientas, mientras que los aceites minerales refinados ejercen poco efecto; 4) Cuanto mas duro es el metal trabajado, tanto mayor es el desgaste de las herramientas; el desgaste al punzonar acero inoxidable y acero al silicio es tres y seis veces superior, respectivamente, al observado en el caso del acero pobre en carbono. (author) [Russian] Iznos instrumenta v protsesse skalyvaniya metallicheskogo lista issledovalsya s pomoshch'yu probojnikov i stal'nykh puansonov s bol'shoj skorost'yu shtampovki, obluchennykh v yadernom reaktore. Kruglye diski diametrom 10 mm shtampuyutsya iz stal'nogo lista s nizkim soderzhaniem ugleroda tolshchinoj 0,5 mm, nerzhaveyushchej stali i kremnievoj stali, sukhim sposobom i so smazkoj. Posle shtampovki izmeryalas' radioaktivnost' diskov otverstij. Kogda radioaktivnyj puanson zamenyalsya neradioaktivnym, to na diskakh obnaruzhivalas' neznachitel'naya radioaktivnost' v to vremya, kak radioaktivnost' v otverstiyakh edva izmenyalas'. EHto pokazalo, chto iznos puansona mozhno opredelit' po radioaktivnosti diskov, a iznos probojnikov - po radioaktivnosti otverstij. S pomoshch'yu ehtogo metoda iznos probojnikov i puansonov proveryalsya pri ispol'zovanii razlichnykh vidov smazochnogo materiala i metallicheskogo lista i byli polucheny sleduyushchie rezul'taty: 1) V nachale shtampovki skorost' iznosa kak probojnika, tak i puansona ochen' bol'shaya, no ona bystro snizhaetsya i stanovitsya, nakonets, postoyannoj posle shtampovki primerno 400-500 detalej. 2) Probojnik iznashivaetsya v bol'shej stepeni, primerno na 20% bol'she, chem puanson. 3) Smazochnye materialy s prisadkoj na predel'noe davlenie, takoj, kak khlor, fosfor ili sera, snizhayut iznos instrumenta, v to vremya kak ochishchennye mineral'nye masla dayut neznachitel'nyj ehffekt. 4) Naibol'shij iznos instrumenta obnaruzhen pri shtampovke bolee tverdykh metallicheskikh listov. Iznos instrumenta pri shtampovke nerzhaveyushchej stali vtroe, a pri shtampovke kremnievoj stali primerno v shest' raz prevyshaet iznos pri shtampovke stali s nizkim soderzhaniem ugleroda. (author)

Isotopic data to study the mechanism of the oxidation of mercaptoacetic acid; Donnees isotopiques pour l'etude du mecanisme d'oxydation de l'acide mercaptoacetique; Izotopnyj metod issledovaniya mekhanizma okisleniya merkapgouksusnoj kisloty; Estudio del mecanismo de oxidacion del acido mercaptoacetico por medio de datos obtenidos con radioisotopos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gal, D [Central Isotope Laboratory, University of Szeged (Hungary); Guczi, L [Department of Radiology, Elelmiszeripari Kutato Intezet, Budapest (Hungary)

1962-03-15

Numerous researchers have been studying the liquid-phase autoxidation by molecular oxygen of compounds containing a mercapto group. It has been stated that, in the course of the reaction, sulphide is formed, but the exact mechanism of this process has not been determined. The oxidation of mercaptoacetic acid, at 50{sup o}C and at a pH of 8, was investigated both in the presence of Complexon IV and in the presence of iron-ions. Na{sub 2}S, labelled with S{sup 35}, was introduced into the system and it was determined that this sulphide considerably increases the rate of the oxygen uptake both in the processes catalysed by trivalent iron and free of iron-ions. In the course of the reaction the concentration of the sulphide, its specific activity and its total activity were measured. In using these data and on the basis of the kinetic isotopic method developed by Neiman and co-workers, it was possible to calculate the rate of sulphide formation and its further oxidation. In comparing these data with other kinetic data, it is shown that the oxidation of mercaptoacetic acid in the liquid phase is a branching chain reaction; one of its principal chains being the formation of Na{sub 2}S and its further oxidation. Moreover, it was determined that sulphate is formed in the course of the reaction only through the inorganic sulphide. Iron-ions catalyse the formation of organic disulphide and therefore also have influence on the sulphide formation. (author) [French] De nombreux chercheurs ont etudie l'autoxydation des composes contenant un groupe mercaptan par l'oxygene moleculaire en phase liquide. Ils ont trouve qu'il y avait formation de sulfure au cours de la reaction, mais le mecanisme exact de ce processus n'a pas ete determine. L'oxydation de l'acide mercaptoacetique a 50{sup o}C et pour un pH de 8 a ete etudiee en presence de complexone IV et egalement; en presence de fer. Du Na{sub 2}S marque au {sup 35}S a ete introduit dans le systeme et on a constate que le Na{sub 2}S augmentait considerablement le taux d'absorption d'oxygene, tant dans le processus de catalysation par le fer qu'en l'absence de fer. Au cours de la reaction, on a mesure la concentration du sulfure, son activite specifique et son activite totale. En. partant de ces donnees, et en utilisant la methode d'etude cinetique au moyen d'isotopes, mise au point par Neiman et ses collaborateurs, on a pu calculer le taux de formation de sulfure et le taux de son oxydation ulterieure. La comparison de ces donnees avec d'autres donnees cinetiques revele que l'oxydation de l'acide mercaptoacetique en phase liquide est une reaction en chaine ramifiee, l'un des principaux elements de cette chaine etant la formation de Na{sub 2}S et son oxydation ulterieure. On a constate en outre qu'il se forme du sulfate, lors de la reaction, mais seulement a partir du sulfure mineral. Le fer catalyse la formation de disulfure organique et, de ce fait, influe aussi sur la formation de sulfure. (author) [Spanish] Numerosos investigadores han estudiado la autooxidacion en fase liquida, por oxigeno molecular, de compuestos que contienen un grupo mercaptano; si bien han llegado a la conclusion de que se forman sulfuros en el curso de la reaccion, el mecanismo exacto del proceso no se conoce. Los autores estudiaron la autooxidacion del acido mercaptoacetico a 50{sup o} C y pH 8 en presencia de complexon IV y de hierro. Anadieron al sistema Na{sub 2}S marcado con {sup 35}S y comprobaron que este compuesto aumenta notablemente la velocidad de absorcion de oxigeno tanto en las reacciones catalizadas por hierro como en las que transcurren en ausencia de iones de este metal. En el curso de la reaccion, los autores midieron la concentracion del sulfuro, su actividad especifica y su actividad total. Gracias a estos datos y empleando el metodo isotopico cinetico establecido por Neiman y colaboradores, pudieron calcular la velocidad de formacion del sulfuro y la velocidad de su oxidacion subsiguiente. Por comparacion de esos resultados con otros datos cineticos, se puede demostrar que la autooxidacion del acido mercaptoacetico en fase liquida constituye una reaccion en cadena ramificada, una de cuyas ramas principales es la formacion de Na{sub 2}S y su oxidacion subsiguiente. Los autores tambien comprobaron que el sulfato que aparece durante la reaccion, procede exclusivamente del sulfuro inorganico. El hierro cataliza la formacion de disulfuro organico y, por lo tanto, ejerce tambien influencia sobre la formacion del sulfuro. (author) [Russian] Mnogie issledovateli izuchali protsessy samookisleniya slozhnykh veshchestv, soderzhashchikh merkaptonovuyu gruppu, s pomoshch'yu molekulyarnogo kisloroda v zhidkoj faze. Ukazyvalos', chto vo vremya reaktsii obrazuetsya sul'fid, no do sikh por ne udavalos' opredelit' tochnogo mekhanizma ehtogo protsessa. Bylo provedeno issledovanie okisleniya merkaptouksusnoj kisloty pri 50{sup o} i pri pH = 8 kak v prisutstvii kompleksona IV, tak i v prisutstvii zheleza. V sistemu byl vveden Na{sub 2}S, mechennyj S{sup 35}, i bylo ustanovleno, chto Na{sub 2}S znachitel'no uvelichivaet skorost' zakhvata kisloroda kak pri protsesse katalizirovannym zhelezom, tak i v protsesse, svobodnom ot ionov zheleza. Vo vremya reaktsii byli izmereny kontsentratsiya sul'fida, ego udel'naya aktivnost' i obshchaya aktivnost'. Na osnovanii ehtikh dannykh i blagodarya vyrabotannomu Nejmanom i ego sotrudnikami kineticheskomu metodu izotopov, predstavilos' vozmozhnym podschitat' temp obrazovaniya sul'fida i ego dal'nejshego okisleniya. Sopostavlenie ehtikh dannykh s drugimi kineticheskimi dannymi pokazalo, chto okislenie merkaptouksusnoj kisloty v zhidkoj faze yavlyaetsya tsepnoj reaktsiej odna iz glavnykh tsepej v ehtoj reaktsii obrazuetsya posredstvom obrazovaniya Na{sub 2}S i ego dal'nejshego okisleniya. Krome togo, bylo ustanovleno, chto vo vremya reaktsii obrazuetsya sul'fat, no tol'ko cherez posredstvo neorganicheskogo sul'fida. Zhelezo katalizirovalo obrazovanie organicheskogo disul'fida i poehtomu ono takzhe okazyvaet vliyanie na obrazovanie sul'fida. (author)

Mass-Spectrometric Investigations of Isotopic Exchange Reactions of Gaseous Hydrocarbon Ions; Recherches, par Spectrometrie de Masse, sur les Echanges Isotopiques des Ions d'Hydrocarbures Gazeux; Mass-spektrometricheskie issledovaniya reaktsij izotopnogo obmena ionov gazoobraznogo uglevodoroda; Estudio del Intercambio Isotopico de Iones Hidrocarburo Gaseosos por Espectrometria de Masas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wexler, S. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1965-10-15

Techniques of ''high pressure'' mass spectrometry have been employed to study the exchange of hydrogen isotopes in carbon-containing products of ion-molecule reactions. Comparison of the positively charged mass spectra of H{sub 2} + CH{sub 4}, D{sub 2} + CH{sub 4} and T{sub 2} + CH{sub 4} mixtures with those of the individual components, observed for source pressures of approximately 0.1 torr, demonstrated that the CH{sup +}{sub 3} and molecular hydrogen primary ions react rapidly with the other component of the gas mixture to create, by consecutive reactions, secondary and tertiary ionic species in which the hydrogen isotopes are extensively exchanged. When methane is added to D{sub 2}, the principal species of deuterium, D{sub 2}{sup +} and D{sub 3}{sup +}, are almost completely quenched; and C{sub 2}H{sub 4}D{sup +}, C{sub 2}H{sub 3}D{sub 2}{sup +} and C{sub 2}H{sub 2}D{sub 3}{sup +} are formed in high yield. The CH{sub 3}{sup +} ion is also shown to react readily with D{sub 2} molecules to produce the same deuterated ethyl species. Analogous findings came from study of T{sub 2}-CH{sub 4} systems. Observations on H{sub 2} + CH{sub 4} mixtures confirmed that the deuterated and tritiated products were C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} -type ions with one, two or three hydrogen atoms replaced by the heavier isotope. Correspondence of appearance potentials and ionization efficiency curves gave further evidence that D{sub 2}{sup +} and CH{sub 3}{sup +} are the primary precursors of the deuterated ethyl ions. The enhancements of the C{sub 2}H{sub 4}D{sup +}/C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +}, C{sub 2}H{sub 3}D{sub 2}{sup +}/C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} intensity ratios observed with increasing deuterium concentration (at constant CH{sub 4} pressure) suggest that the isotopically-exchanged species are produced by mechanisms involving consecutive ion-molecule reactions that are at least one kinetic order higher in D{sub 2} concentration than those for formation of C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +}. This is consistent with the analysis of the possible reaction paths, which leads to the conclusion that the deuterated species are the products of reactions first and second order in D{sub 2}. and that C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} is formed by ionic reactions with both first- and zero-order dependences on deuterium concentration. The kinetic rates of the isotopic exchange reactions CH{sub 3}{sup +} + D{sub 2} ( North-East-Arrow CH{sub 2}D{sup +} + DH); ( South-East-Arrow CHD{sub 2}{sup +} + H{sub 2}; D{sub 2}{sup +} + CH{sub 4} ( North-East-Arrow CH{sub 2}D{sup +} + H + DH); ( South-East-Arrow CHD{sub 2}{sup +} + H + H{sub 2}) responsible for the rapid diminution of primary species with added opposite component must be within an order of magnitude of the rates of the respective competing reactions CH{sub 3}{sup +} + CH{sub 4} -> C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} + H{sub 2}; D{sub 2}{sup +} + D{sub 2} --> D{sub 3}{sup +} + D for which cross-sections of 27 x 10{sup -16} and 56 x 10{sup -16} cm{sup 2}/molecule, respectively, were measured, These cross sections correspond to the very large rate constants of 9.9 x 10{sup -10} and 4.0 x 10{sup -9} cm{sup 3} molecule/sec. The isotopically-enriched methyl ions must also react very rapidly with D{sub 2} and/or CH{sub 4} to form labelled C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} species. (author) [French] L'auteur a employe des techniques de spectrometrie de masse <> pour etudier l'echange d'isotopes de l'hydrogene dans les produits carbones de reactions ion-molecule. La comparaison entre les spectres de masse de melanges H{sub 2} + CH{sub 4}, D{sub 2} + CH{sub 4} and T{sub 2} + CH{sub 4} de charge positive et ceux de leurs constituants - observes pour des pressions a la source d'environ 0,1 torr - a montre que les ions primaires CH{sub 3}{sup +} et hydrogene moleculaire reagissent rapidement avec l'autre constituant du melange gazeux pour donner, par une suite de reactions, des especes ioniques secondaires et tertiaires dans lesquelles les isotopes de l'hydrogene s'echangent activement. Lorsque l'on ajoute du methane a D{sub 2}, les principales especes de deuterium D{sup +}{sub 2} et D{sup +}{sub 3} sont presque completement eteintes et il y a formation de C{sub 2}H{sub 4}D{sup +}, C{sub 2}H{sub 3}D{sub 2}{sup +} and C{sub 2}H{sub 2}D{sub 3}{sup +} avec un haut rendement. Il apparaft aussi que CH{sup +}{sub 3} reagit facilement avec des molecules D{sub 2} pour produire le meme ethyle deutere. L'etude de systemes T{sub 2} -CH{sub 4} aboutit a des conclusions analogues. Des observations faites sur des melanges H{sub 2} + CH{sub 4} ont confirme que les produits deuteres et trities etaient des ions du type C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} , dans lesquels un, deux ou trois atomes d'hydrogene etaient remplaces par l'isotope plus lourd. La correspondance entre des potentiels d'apparition et des courbes d'efficacite d'ionisation est une preuve supplementaire que D{sub 2}{sup +} et CH{sub 3}{sup +} sont les precurseurs primaires des ions ethyle deutere. L'augmentation des rapports d'intensite C{sub 2}H{sub 4}D{sup +}/C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +}, C{sub 2}H{sub 3}D{sub 2}{sup +}/C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} Que l'on observe lorsque la concentration en deuterium s'accroit (a pression de CH{sub 4} constante) donne a penser que les especes resultant de l'echange isotopique se produisent par des mecanismes impliquant une suite de reactions ion- molecule qui sont du point de vue cinetique au moins d'un ordre plus eleve que les reactions de formation de C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +}. Cette idee est compatible avec l'analyse des voies de reaction possibles, qui aboutit a la conclusion que les especes deuterees sont les produits de reactions a la fois du premier et du second ordre en D{sub 2} et que C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} se forme par reactions ioniques dans lesquelles les exposants correspondant au deuterium sont 1 et zero. Les vitesses de reactions CH{sub 3}{sup +} + D{sub 2} ( North-East-Arrow CH{sub 2}D{sup +} + DH); ( South-East-Arrow CHD{sub 2}{sup +} + H{sub 2}; D{sub 2}{sup +} + CH{sub 4} ( North-East-Arrow CH{sub 2}D{sup +} + H + DH); ( South-East-Arrow CHD{sub 2}{sup +} + H + H{sub 2}) auxquelles est due la diminution rapide de l'espece primaire avec l'addition du constituant oppose, doivent etre de l'ordre de grandeur des vitesses des reactions concurrentes respectives CH{sub 3}{sup +} + CH{sub 4} -> C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} + H{sub 2}; D{sub 2}{sup +} + D{sub 2} --> D{sub 3}{sup +} + D pour lesquelles l'auteur a mesure des sections efficaces de 27 x 10{sup -16} et 56 x 10{sup -16} cm{sup 2}/molecule respectivement. Ces sections efficaces correspondent a de tres grandes constantes de vitesse de 9.9 x 10{sup -10} and 4.0 x 10{sup -9} cm{sup 3} molecule/s. Les ions methyle enrichis en isotope doivent aussi reagir tres rapidement avec D{sub 2} et CH{sub 4} pour former l'espece marquee C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} . (author) [Spanish] El autor ha empleado tecnicas de espectrometria de masas 'de alta presion' para estudiar el intercambio de isotopos de hidrogeno en productos carbonados de reacciones ionico-moleculares. En observaciones hechas a presiones de aproximadamente 0,1 torr en la fuente, H{sub 2} + CH{sub 4}, D{sub 2} + CH{sub 4} y T{sub 2} + CH{sub 4}, de carga positiva comparados con los espectros de los componentes individuales, los espectros de mezclas pusieron de manifiesto que el CH{sub 3}{sup +} y los iones primarios de hidrogeno molecular reaccionan rapidamente con el otro componente de la mezcla de gases para crear, mediante una serie de reacciones consecutivas, especies ionicas secundarias y terciarias en las cuales tiene lugar un intenso intercambio de isotopos de hidrogeno. Cuando se agrega metano al D{sub 2}, las especies principales de deuterio, D{sub 2}{sup +} y D{sub 3}{sup +} desaparecen casi por completo, formandose en cambio grandes cantidades de C{sub 2}H{sub 4}D{sup +}, C{sub 2}H{sub 3}D{sub 2}{sup +} and C{sub 2}H{sub 2}D{sub 3}{sup +} . Se comprueba, asimismo, que el ion CH{sub 3}{sup +} reacciona facilmente con las moleculas de D{sub 2} para producir identicos grupos etilo deuterados. El estudio de los sistemas T{sub 2}-CH{sub 4} dio resultados analogos y el de las mezclas H{sub 2}+ CH{sub 4} confirmo que los productos deuterados y tritiados eran iones del tipo C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} donde el isotopo mas pesado habia reemplazado uno, dos o tres atomos de hidrogeno. La concordancia entre los potenciales de formacion y las curvas de rendimiento de ionizacion constituye una prueba adicional de que el D{sub 2} y el CH{sub 3}{sup +} son los precursores primarios de los iones etilo deuterados. Al aumentar la concentracion de deuterio (a presion constante de CH{sub 4}) se observa una intensificacion directamente proporcional de las relaciones de intensidad C{sub 2}H{sub 4}D{sup +}/C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +}, C{sub 2}H{sub 3}D{sub 2}{sup +}/C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +}. Esta intensificacion sugiere que las especies resultantes del intercambio isotopico se producen en virtud de mecanismos donde intervienen varias reacciones ionico-moleculares consecutivas, reacciones de por lo menos un orden cinetico superior en concentracion de D{sub 2}, a las que intervienen en la formacion del C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +}, Esta idea es compatible con el analisis de las vfas de reaccion posibles lo que lleva a concluir que las especies deuteradas son productos de reacciones tanto de primero como de segundo orden en D{sub 2}, y que el C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} se forma por reacciones ionicas en las cuales los exponentes correspondientes a la concentracion de deuterio son 1 y 0. Las velocidades de las reacciones de intercambio isotopico CH{sub 3}{sup +} + D{sub 2} ( North-East-Arrow CH{sub 2}D{sup +} + DH); ( South-East-Arrow CHD{sub 2}{sup +} + H{sub 2}; D{sub 2}{sup +} + CH{sub 4} ( North-East-Arrow CH{sub 2}D{sup +} + H + DH); ( South-East-Arrow CHD{sub 2}{sup +} + H + H{sub 2}) a las cuales se atribuye la rapida disminucion de la concentracion de las especies primarias con componente opuesto agregado, no deben diferir en mas de un orden de magnitud de las velocidades correspondientes a las respectivas reacciones competitivas CH{sub 3}{sup +} + CH{sub 4} -> C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} + H{sub 2}; D{sub 2}{sup +} + D{sub 2} --> D{sub 3}{sup +} + D para las cuales se han medido secciones de 27 x 10{sup -16} y 56 x 10{sup -16} cm{sup 2}/molecula, respectivamente. Estas secciones corresponden a constantes de velocidad muy elevadas, a saber de 9.9 x 10{sup -10} y 4.0 x 10{sup -9} cm{sup 3} molecula. Los iones metilo isotopicamente enriquecidos tambien deben reaccionar muy rapidamente con D{sub 2}y/o CH{sub 4}, para formar la especie marcada C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +}. (author) [Russian] Ispol'zovalis' metody mass-spektrometrii ''vysokogo davlenija'' dlja izuchenija obmena izotopov vodoroda v uglesoderzhashhih produktah iono-molekuljarnyh reakcij. Sravnenie polozhitel'no zarjazhennyh spektrov H{sub 2} + CH{sub 4}, D{sub 2} + CH{sub 4} i smesej T{sub 2} + CH{sub 4} so spektrami otdel'nyh komponentov, nabljudaemyh pri davlenii istochnikov priblizitel'no v 0,1 sm rtutnogo stolba, pokazalo, chto CHJ i pervichnye iony molekuljarnogo vodoroda bystro vstupajut v reakciju s drugimi komponentami gazovoj smesi, chtoby sozdat' v rezul'tate posledovatel'nyh reakcij vtorichnye i tretichnye ionnye vidy, v kotoryh proishodit shirokij obmen izotopami vodoroda. Kogda dobavljaetsja metan k D{sub 2}, glavnye vidy dejterija D{sub 2}{sup +} i D{sub 3}{sup +} pochti polnost'ju gasjatsja i obrazujutsja C{sub 2}H{sub 4}D{sup +}, C{sub 2}H{sub 3}D{sub 2}{sup +} and C{sub 2}H{sub 2}D{sub 3}{sup +} s vysokim vyhodom. Vidno takzhe, kak ion CH{sub 3}{sup +} bystro reagiruet s molekulami D{sub 2}, chtoby obrazovat' te zhe samye vidy dejterizovannogo jetila. Analogichnye vyvody sdelany v rezul'tate izuchenija sistem T{sub 2} - CH{sub 4}. Nabljudenija za smesjami H{sub 2} + CH{sub 4} podtverdili, chto produkty dejterija i tritija javljajutsja ionami tipa C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} s odnim, dvumja ili tremja atomami vodoroda, zameshhennymi bolee tjazhelym izotopom. Sootvetstvie krivyh vneshnih potencialov i krivyh jeffektivnosti ionizacii javilos' dal'nejshim dokazatel'stvom togo, chto D{sub 2}{sup +} i CH{sub 3}{sup +} javljajutsja pervichnymi predshestvennikami ionov dejterizovannogo jetila. Uvelichenija kojefficientov intensivnosti C{sub 2}H{sub 4}D{sup +}/C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +}, C{sub 2}H{sub 3}D{sub 2}{sup +}/C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +}, nabljudaemye pri uvelichenii koncentracii dejterija (pri postojannom davlenii CH{sub 4}), dajut osnovanie predpolagat', chto vidy izotopnogo obmena poluchajutsja s pomoshh'ju mehanizma, svjazannogo s posledovatel'nymi iono-molekuljarnymi reakcijami, kotorye po krajnej mere na odin kineticheskij porjadok vyshe v koncentracii D{sub 2}, chem dlja obrazovanija C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +}. Jeto soglasuetsja s analizom vozmozhnyh putej protekanija reakcii, chto privodit k vyvodu, chto dejtirizovannye vidy javljajutsja produktami reakcij kak pervogo, tak i vtorogo porjadka v D{sub 2} i chto C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} obrazuetsja v rezul'tate ionnyh reakcij s zavisimostjami kak pervogo, tak i nulevogo porjadka ot koncentracii dejterija. Kineticheskie skorosti reakcij izotopnogo obmena CH{sub 3}{sup +} + D{sub 2} ( North-East-Arrow CH{sub 2}D{sup +} + DH); ( South-East-Arrow CHD{sub 2}{sup +} + H{sub 2}; D{sub 2}{sup +} + CH{sub 4} ( North-East-Arrow CH{sub 2}D{sup +} + H + DH); ( South-East-Arrow CHD{sub 2}{sup +} + H + H{sub 2}) otvechajushhih za bystroe sokrashhenie pervichnyh vidov pri dobavlenii protivopolozhnogo komponenta, dolzhny nahodit'sja v predelah porjadka velichiny skorostej sootvetstvujushhih konkurirujushhih reakcij: CH{sub 3}{sup +} + CH{sub 4} -> C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +} + H{sub 2}; D{sub 2}{sup +} + D{sub 2} --> D{sub 3}{sup +} + D dlja kotoryh byli izmereny poperechnye sechenija, ravnye 27 x 10{sup -16} i 56 x 10{sup -16} cm{sup 2}/molekula sootvetstvenno. Jeti poperechnye sechenija sootvetstvujut konstantam ochen' bol'shih skorostej v 9.9 x 10{sup -10} and 4.0 x 10{sup -9} cm{sup 3} molekula/sek. Iony metila, obogashhennye izotopami, dolzhny takzhe ochen' bystro vstupat' v reakciju s D{sub 2} i/ili CH{sub 4} dlja obrazovanija mechenyh vidov C{sub 2}H{sub 5}{sup +}. (author)

Research with a Natural-Uranium Light-Water Subcritical Assembly; Recherches au Moyen d'un Ensemble Sous-Critique a Uranium Naturel et a Eau Ordinaire; Issledovaniya na podkriticheskoj sborke,rabotayushchej na prirodnom urane i obychnoj vode; Investigaciones con un Conjunto Subcritico de Uranio Natural y Agua Ligera

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koskinen, H. [Institute of Technical Physics, Otaniemi (Finland)

1964-02-15

Research made with a natural uranium, light-water assembly is reported and some topics on the future programme are also presented. Most of the material given here is new. Part of it is of a preliminary nature because the experimental work and the analysis of the results are still going on. ' Work on the assembly has been concentrated on two main objectives; namely: 1. Experimental study of the validity of calculation methods to be used particularly in cases of special geometries (non-uniform fuel distributions, sub- assembly configurations, boundaries of special form etc.). Theoretical study here often leads to certain convergence difficulties, hence comparison with measured flux distributions is necessary, 2. Study of special properties of natural uranium, light-water lattices and especially of the validity of few-group slowing-down models for both uniform and non-uniform core structures. It is believed that an assembly with only a spontaneous fission source is particularly suitable for research of this kind, if we neglect the poor statistics. This is due to two facts: 1. The primary source spectrum can be considered as identical with that of induced fission, so that there are no energy transients like those in the case of a fast point source. 2. The spatial strength of the primary source is proportional to the fission cross-section of the fuel, when the latter is also considered as a function of space co-ordinates. This elegant feature again gives formal simplicity to flux equations and in many cases a similarity with respect to critical systems. Through careful analysis of the flux distributions in such a system one can gain information about the validity of special slowing-down models. Also, possibly some light can be thrown on such questions as interaction fast-fission and space-dependent resonance escape probability. In the author's opinion, the liquid-moderated subcritical assembly, because of its versatility and safety, is nearly the only possibility for systematic study of non-uniform lattices. In the future, enriched elements will be included in the assembly. Then systematic study of mixed lattices becomes possible, and also research with other non-uniformities will be easier because of the higher flux. Some discussion of this future programme is included in this paper. (author) [French] L'auteur relate les recherches effectuees avec un ensemble uranium naturel-eau ordinaire et enumere certains des sujets qui feront l'objet d'un prochain programme. La plus grande partie de la documentation est nouvelle. Certaines donnees ont encore un caractere provisoire, car les experiences et l'analyse des resultats se poursuivent. . Les travaux sont axes sur deux objectifs principaux: 1. Etude experimentale de la validite des methodes de calcul que l'on se propose d'utiliser, notamment en cas de geometries speciales (repartitions non uniformes du combustible, configurations de s'ous- ensembles, limites de forme particuliere, etc.). Les etudes theoriques conduisent souvent ici a certaines difficultes de convergence. Il faut donc les comparer avec les repartitions du flux mesurees. 2. Etude des proprietes particulieres des reseaux uranium naturel-eau ordinaire et notamment de la validite des modeles de ralentissement a plusieurs groupes pour des structures de coeur uniformes et non uniformes. On pense qu'un ensemble comportant une seule source de fission spontanee convient particulierement pour les recherches de ce genre, bien que la statistique ne porte que sur un petit nombre d'observations. Cela est du a deux faits: 1. On peut considerer que le spectre de la source primaire est identique a celui de la fission induite, si bien qu'il n'y a pas d'oscillations transitoires d'energie, comme dans le cas d'une source ponctuelle de neutrons rapides. 2. L'intensite de la source primaire en chaque point de l'espace est proportionnelle a la section efficace de fission du combustible lorsqu'on considere egalement cette derniere comme une fonction des coordonnees spatiales. Cette particularite contribue a simplifier la forme des equations du flux et bien souvent permet de ttouver une analogie avec les systemes critiques. Par une analyse approfondie des repartitions du flux dans un tel systeme, on peut obtenir des renseignements sur la validite de-modeles speciaux de ralentissement. On peut aussi obtenir quelques eclaircissements sur des problemes comme la fission rapide par interaction et la probabilite de fuite par resonance en fonction de l'espace. L'auteur estime que l'ensemble sous-critique, ralenti par un liquide, a cause de ses utilisations multiples et de sa securite, constitue presque la seule possiblite d'etude systematique de reseaux non uniformes. On se propose d'ajouter, a cet assemblage, des elements contenant du combustible enrichi. On pourra alors passer a l'etude systematique de reseaux mixtes. De plus, la recherche avec d'autres facteurs de non- uniformite sera plus facile parce que le flux sera plus haut. Le memoire donne quelques apercus sur le programme futur. (author) [Spanish] El autor informa sobre las investigaciones realizadas con un conjunto de uranio natural y agua ligera, y presenta algunos de los temas que constituiran el objeto de un programa futuro. La mayor parte de los datos son ineditos. Una parte reviste caracter provisional debido a que estan todavia en curso los trabajos experimentales y el analisis de los resultados. Los estudios se han concentrado en dos objetivos principales: 1. Estudio experimental de la validez de los metodos de calculos que se emplearan, particularmente en casos de geometrias especiales (distribuciones no uniformes del combustible, configuracion de subconjuntos, fronteras de forma especial, etc.). En estos casos, los estudios teoricos entranan con frecuencia ciertas dificultades de convergencia, por lo que es necesario comparar sus resultados con las distribuciones de flujo medidas. 2. Estudio de las propiedades especiales de los reticulados de uranio natural-agua ligera, en especial de la validez de los modelos de frenado de pocos grupos para cuerpos de estructura uniforme y no uniforme. Los conjuntos con una sola fuente de fision espontanea se consideran particularmente adecuados para las investigaciones de esta clase, aunque la estadistica solo abarca un numero reducido de observaciones. Esto se debe a dos hechos: 1. El espectro de la fuente primaria se puede considerar identico al de la fision inducida, por lo que no existen fluctuaciones transitorias de energia como en el caso de una fuente puntiforme de neutrones rapidos. 2. La intensidad de la fuente primaria en cada punto del espacio es proporcional a la seccion eficaz de fision del combustible cuando esta ultima se considera en funcion de las coordenadas espaciales. Esta particularidad contribuye a simplificar las ecuaciones de flujo y permite, en muchos casos, hallar una analogia con los sistemas criticos. Un analisis minucioso de las distribuciones de flujo en sistemas de esta clase proporciona datos sobre la validez de modelos especiales de frenado. Tambien es posible obtener algunas aclaraciones sobre problemas como la fision rapida por interaccion y la probabilidad de escape por resonancia en funcion del espacio. El autor estima que, debido a sus multiples aplicaciones y a su seguridad intrinseca, los conjuntos subcriticos con moderador liquido constituyen casi la unica posibilidad de estudiar sistematicamente reticulados no uniformes. Existe el proposito de anadir a ese conjunto elementos enriquecidos. Ello permitira proceder al estudio sistematico de reticulados mixtos, y debido al flujo mas elevado, facilitara tambien el estudio de otros factores no uniformes. La memoria expone algunos aspectos de ese programa futuro. (author) [Russian] Soobshhaetsja ob issledovanijah na podkriticheskoj sborke, rabotajushhej na prirodnom urane i obychnoj vode. Predstavleny takzhe nekotorye temy iz programmy budushhih issledovanij. Material bol'shej chast'ju javljaetsja novym. Chast' ego nosit predvaritel'nyj harakter, poskol'ku jeksperimenty i obrabotka dannyh eshhe ne zakoncheny. Rabota na sborke koncentriruetsja na dvuh osnovnyh zadachah, a imenno: 1. Jeksperimental'noe izuchenie prigodnosti metodov rascheta, ispol'zuemyh,v chastnosti, v sluchajah osoboj geometrii (neravnomernoe raspredelenie topliva, konfiguracii podkriticheskoj sborki, granicy osoboj formy i t.d.). Teoreticheskoe issledovanie zdes' zachastuju privodit k nekotorym trudnostjam, svjazannym s konvergenciej. Pojetomu neobhodimo sravnenie s raspredelenijami izmerennyh potokov. 2. Izuchenie osobyh svojstv reshetok, zagruzhennyh prirodnym uranom i obychnoj vodoj, i v osobennosti prigodnosti neskol'kih gruppovyh modelej zamedlenija dlja odnorodnyh i neodnorodnyh struktur aktivnoj zony . Schitaetsja, chto sborka s odnim tol'ko istochnikom spontannogo delenija osobenno pri- go'dna dlja provedenija issledovanij takogo tipa, esli my prenebregaem plohoj statistikoj. Ob{sup j}asnjaetsja jeto dvumja prichinami: 1. Spektr pervichnogo istochnika mozhno schitat' identichnym so spektrom vyzvannogo delenija, pojetomu otsutstvujut perehodnye izmenenija jenergii, podobnye tem, kotorye nabljudajutsja v sluchae ispol'zovanija istochnika bystryh nejtronov. 2. Prostranstvennaja moshhnost' pervichnogo istochnika proporcional'na poperechnomu secheniju delenija topliva, kogda reshetka takzhe raschityvaetsja kak funkcija prostranstvennyh koordinat. Takaja harakternaja cherta takzhe pridaet prostotu forme uravnenij potoka i vo mnogih sluchajah shodstvo s kriticheskimi sistemami. V rezul'tate provedenija tshhatel'nogo analiza raspredelenija potokov v takoj sisteme mozhno poluchit' informaciju otnositel'no prigodnosti special'nyh modelej zamedlenija. Vozmozhno takzhe poluchit' raz{sup j}asnenie takih voprosov, kak delenie pod dejstviem bystryh nejtronov vzaimodejstvija i verojatnost' rezonansnoj utechki, zavisimoj ot prostranstva. Po mneniju avtora, podkriticheskaja sborka s zhidkim zamedlitelem vvidu ee universal'nosti i bezopasnosti predstavljaet pochti unikal'nuju vozmozhnost' dlja sistematicheskogo izuchenija neodnorodnyh reshetok. V dal'nejshem v sborku budut vkljucheny obogashhennye jelementy. Togda sistematicheskoe izuchenie smeshannyh reshetok stanet vozmozhnym i legche budet provodit' issledovanija takzhe s drugimi neodnorodnostjami vvidu bolee vysokogo potoka. Obsuzhdajutsja nekotorye voprosy budushhej programmy. (author)

A gaseous scintillation counter filled with He{sup 3} for neutron spectrometry; Compteur a scintillateur gazeux rempli de {sup 3}He pour la spectrometrie des flux de neutrons; Gazovyj stsintillyatsionnyj schetchik napolnennyj He{sup 3} dlya spektrometrii potokov nejtronov; Contador de centelleador gaseoso cargado con helio-3 para la espectrometria neutronica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baldin, S A; Matveev, V V

1962-04-15

gaseoso, y se exponen los resultados de experimentos sobre el registro y la espectrometria de flujos neutronicos realizados mediante ese contador cargado con una mezcla de-10 por ciento de xenon y 9 por ciento de helio-3 a una presion de 20 atm. abs. Se proporcionan datos sobre la construccion del aparato de suministro que asegura el funcionamiento ininterrumpido del contador durante largo tiempo, proporciona las mezclas de gases necesarias a una presion de 60 atmosferas y permite proceder a una purificacion continua del gas. Se examinan, ademas, los resultados del estudio del poder de resolucion energetica y la linealidad del contador en funcion de la energia, su rendimiento con intensidades en campos gamma de hasta 3 roentgens/h, y algunas cuestiones relacionadas con la posibilidad de ampliar el intervalo energetico en el que pueden aplicarse los contadores de centelleador gaseoso cargados con helio-3. (author) [Russian] V doklade opisyvaetsya gazovyj agregat, gazovyj stsintillyatsionnyj schetchik, a takzhe rezul'taty ehksperimentov po registratsii i spektrometrii potokov nejtronov pri pomoshchi gazovogo stsintillyatsionnogo schetchika, napolnennogo smes'yu 10% ksenona i 90% geliya-3, pri obshchem davlenii 20 ata. Privodyatsya dannye ob ustrojstve gazovogo agregata, obespechivayushchego nepreryvnuyu rabotu schetchika v techenie dlitel'nogo vremeni, poluchenie neobkhodimykh smesej gazov s obshchim davleniem do 60 atm, i postoyannuyu ochistku gaza ot zagryaznenij. Krome togo v doklade obsuzhdayutsya rezul'taty issledovaniya ehnergeticheskogo razresheniya i linejnosti schetchika po ehnergii, ego rabotosposobnost' v gamma-polyakh moshchnost'yu do 3 r/chas, a takzhe voprosy, svyazannye s vozmozhnost'yu rasshireniya ehnergeticheskogo diapazona raboty gazovykh stsintillyatsionnykh schetchikov, napolnennykh geliem-3. (author)

Theory of isotope scanning; Theorie de l'Exploration par les Radioisotopes; Teoriya meditsinskikh issledovanij s primeneniem izotopov; Teoria de la exploracion mediante radioisotopos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brownell, G L [Physics Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)

1959-07-01

aspecto del empleo de los radioisotopos en la medicina. El autor compara los esquemas de sensibilidad de diversos sistemas de colimacion y calcula su eficacia y su poder de resolucion. Los sistemas de coliminacion de que se trata se componen de orificios cilindricos y cenicos, de colimadores de enfoque y de dispositivos que permitan detectar por coincidencia las radiaciones de aniquilacion. Formula una teoria general con miras a establecer la concentracion optima de isotopos para cada uno de los sistemas. El autor enuncia una teoria analoga con respecto a la camara de centelleo, y compara la concentracion optima de isotopos para este dispositivo en relacion con los resultados logrados con ayuda de los distintos metodos de exploracion. Estudia tambien la posibilidad de modificar el principio de la camara a fin de utilizarla en la deteccion de las radiaciones de aniquilacion. Para terminar, compara diversos sistemas de registre desde el punto de vista de su eficacia y de la presentacion de los datos. (author) [Russian] Vozmozhnost' tochno ustanovit' raspredelenie izotopov yavlyaetsya vazhnym aspektom ispol'zovaniya ikh v meditsine. Sravnivaetsya stepen' chuvstvitel'nosti razlichnykh sistem kollimirovaniya, ustanavlivaetsya ikh ehffektivnost' i razreshayushchaya sposobnost'. Rassmatrivaemye kollimiruyushchie sistemy sostoyat iz tsilindricheskikh i konusnykh otverstij, fokusiruyushchikh kollimatorov i prispo-soblenij dlya obnaruzheniya annigilyatsionnogo izlucheniya metodom sovpadenij. Vyrabatyvaetsya obshchaya teoriya s tsel'yu ustanovit' optimal'nuyu kontsentratsiyu izotopov dlya kazhdoj iz ehtikh sistem. Podobnaya zhe teoriya razrabatyvaetsya i dlya stsintillyatsionnoj kamery; pro voditsya sravnenie optimal'noj kontsentratsii izotopov ehtogo pribora v svyazi s primenyaemymi metodami issledovaniya. Obsuzhdaetsya vopros ob izmenenii printsipa dejstviya kamery v tselyakh ispol'zovaniya ee pri nalichii annigilya-tsionnogo izlucheniya. Sravnivayutsya razlichnye sistemy

Investigations on Pasteurization of Cold Marinades by {sup 60}Co Gamma Rays; Recherches sur la Pasteurisation a Froid De Marinades par les Rayons Gamma du {sup 60}Co; Issledovaniya pasterizatsii kholodnykh marinadov gamma-luchami; Investigaciones Sobre la Pasteurizacion de Escabeches Frios por Irradiacion Gamma con {sup 60}Co

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schoenborn, W.; Kinkel, R J.; Hafferl, W. [Battelle Institut e.V., Frankfurt/Main, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1966-11-15

Marinated herring fillets are a fish product matured under the action of acetic acid and salt and marketed in a spiced brine containing about 3% salt and acetic acid (pH 4). Since the usual addition of the preservative hexamethylene-tetramine has been restricted to a limited period of time by the new German food law, investigations were made on pasteurization by means of ionizing rays, as a new method of preservation without the addition of other preservatives. Decay of this food product was caused by heterofermentative lactic-acid bacteria, which decarboxy- lated the amino acids set free from the protein; the decay was a result of carbon dioxide bombardment. The marinades were packed into flat tins holding about 125 g, and exposed to {sup 60}Co gamma rays from an under-water source, while being cooled. The shelf life of the tinned marinades was extended by the irradiation. The period up to bombardment at 15 Degree-Sign C was three times as long as usual in cases of irradiation with 155 krad. The critical number of 1 million germs per ml at 15 Degree-Sign C was also reached after a period three times as long as usual upon irradiation with 160 krad. The LD{sub 99} of three isolated strains of lactic-acid bacteria irradiated in a salt-peptone solution was 113, 165 and 144 krad, respectively. Since at 15 Degree-Sign C the growth of the germs is retarded, while at 20 Degree-Sign C it is practically unrestrained, the period of durability at a storage temperature of 18 Degree-Sign C could only be doubled by irradiation with 280 krad. The organoleptic tests were based on preference analyses by means of the nine-step Hedonic scale, and on difference tests (triangle test) and were performed by a paneli At 70 krad the taste is still acceptable at 140 krad there is a distinct taste of rays and at 280 krad the taste is disagreeable. A distinct improvement in taste is achieved by irradiation at low temperatures (-30 Degree-Sign C) and by the addition of ascorbic acid, sorbitol and spices. The experiments are being continued. (author) [French] Les filets de harengs marines sont un produit macere sous l'action d'acide acetique et de sel et vendu dans une saumure epicee contenant environ 3% de sel et d'acide acetique (pH 4). Etant donne que la nouvelle legislation allemande sur les denrees alimentaires vient de reduire a une periode limitee l'addition habituelle d'hexamethylene-tetramine qui sert d'agent de conservation, les auteurs ont procede a des recherches sur la radiopasteurisation comme methode nouvelle de conservation sans addition d'agents chimiques. La corruption de ce produit alimentaire a ete causee par l'heterofermentation due aux bacteries formant l'acide lactique, qui ont decarboxyle les acides amines provenant des matieres proteiques; cette corruption etait accompagnee d'un degagement d'anhydride carbonique. Les marinades ont ete mises dans des boites de conserve plates d'une contenance d'environ 125 g et exposees, pendant la refrigeration, a des rayons gamma provenant d'une source de {sup 60}Co sous ecran d'eau. L'irradiation a augmente la duree de conservation des marinades en conserve. La periode precedant la formation d'anhydride carbonique a 15 Degree-Sign C etait trois fois plus longue qu'habituellement, apres irradiation a 155 krad. Le nombre critique de 1 million de germes par ml a 15 Degree-Sign C a egalement ete atteint dans un delai trois fois plus long qu'habituellement, apres irradiation a 160 krad. La DL{sub 99} de trois souches isolees de bacteries fermant l'acide lactique irradiees dans une solution de sel-peptone etait respectivement de 113, 165 et 144 krad. Comme a 15 Degree-Sign C la croissance des germes est retardee, tandis qu'a 20 Degree-Sign C elle n'est virtuellement pas entravee, la periode de conservation a une temperature de 18 Degree-Sign C ne pourrait etre que doublee par une irradiation a 280 krad. Les essais organoleptiques, fondes sur des analyses preferentielles effectuees a l'aide de l'echelle hedonistique des qualites (neuf degres), ainsi que sur des essais differentiels (test du triangle), ont ete faits par un groupe d'experts. A 70 krad, le gout est encore acceptable; a 140 krad, un gout d'irradiation tres net est perceptible; a 280 krad, le gout est franchement desagreable. Une amelioration sensible du gout peut etre obtenue par une irradiation a basse temperature (-30 Degree-Sign C) et par l'addition d'acide ascorbique, de sorbitol et d'epices. Les experiences se poursuivent. (author) [Spanish] Los filetes de arenque en escabeche son un producto alimenticio sazonado por la accion del acido acetico y de la sal, que se vende en una salmuera picante con un 3% de sal y de acido acetico (pH 4). Como la nueva ley bromatologica alemana restringe temporalmente el empleo de hexametilenotetramina, aditivo conservador habitualmente utilizado, se ha investigado la pasteurizacion por medio de radiaciones ionizantes como un nuevo metodo de conservacion sin adicion de otros agentes. La descomposicion de este producto alimenticio era causada por bacterias lacticas heterofermentativas que descarboxilaban los aminoacidos liberados por las proteinas; la descomposicion se indujo por tratamiento con anhidrido carbonico. Los escabeches se envasaron en latas aplanadas que contenian unos 125 g y se sometieron, mientras se enfriaban,, a los rayos gamma emitidos por una fuente sumergida uee {sup 60}Co. La irradiacion prolongo el periodo de almacenamiento de estas conservas de escabeche. El periodo transcurrido, a 15 Degree-Sign C hasta que se procedio al tratamiento con Co{sub 2}, fue tres veces mayor que el habitual, para una dosis de irradiacion de 155 krad. El numero critico de 1 millon de germenes/ml a 15 Degree-Sign C se alcanzo tambien al cabo de un periodo tres veces superior al habitual, para una dosis de irradiacion de 160 krad. La DLgg de tres cepas aisladas de bacterias lacticas irradiadas en una solucion de sal y peptona fue de 113, 165 y 144 krad, respectivamente. Como a-15 Degree-Sign C los germenes se desarrollan con retraso; mientras que a 22 Degree-Sign C el desarrollo se efectua practicamente sin restricciones, para duplicar la duracion a una temperatura de almacenamiento de 18 Degree-Sign C es necesaria una dosis de 280 krad. Las pruebas organolepticas se basan en analisis de preferencia por aplicacion de la escala hedonistica de nueve puntos y en pruebas de diferenciacion (prueba del triangulo); estas pruebas las realiza un grupo de catadores. A 70 krad el sabor es aun aceptable; a 140 krad hay una neta alteracion del sabor debida a la irradiacion; a 280 krad el sabor es desagradable. Este puede mejorarse bastante por irradiacion a baja temperatura (-30 Degree-Sign C) y adicion de acido ascorbido, sorbitol y condimentos. Prosiguen los experimentos. (author) [Russian] Marinovannoe1 file seledki - jeto rybnyj-produkt, prigotavlivaemyj pod vozdejstviem uksusnoj kisloty i soli i prodavaemyj v rassole, soderzhashhem specii i okolo 3% soli i uksusnoj kisloty (pH 4). Poskol'ku obychnoe dobavlenie predohranjajushhego geksametilentetramina bylo ogranicheno opredelennym periodom vremeni v silu novogo zakona FRG o produktah pitanija, provodilis' issledovanija po pasterizacii s pomoshh'ju ionizirujushhih luchej v kachestve novogo metoda sohranenija bez dobavlenija drugih predohranjajushhih veshhestv. Razlozhenie jetogo pishhevogo produkta vyzyvalos' geterofermentativnymi molochnokislotnymi bakterijami, kotorye dekarboksilirujut aminokisloty, osvobozhdennye iz proteina; razlozhenie bylo rezul'tatom bombardirovki dvuokisi ugleroda. Marinad upakovyvalsja v ploskie banki, soderzhashhie okolo 125 grammov, ipodvergal- sja vozdejstviju gamma-luchej kobal'ta-60 iz nashego podvodnogo istochnika pri ohlazhdenii. Obluchenie uvelichilo sroki hranenija marinada v konservnyh bankah. Period do bombardirovki pri 15 Degree-Sign S v sluchae obluchenija 155 kradami byl v tri raza bol'she chem obychno. Kriticheskoe chislo v 1 mln. mikrobov na millilitr pri 15 Degree-Sign S bylo takzhe dostignuto posle perioda, v tri raza bol'shego chem obychno, posle obluchenija 160 kradami. Smertel'naja doza 99 dlja treh izolirovannyh shtammov molochnokislotnyh bakterij, obluchennyh v solepeptonovom rastvore, sostavila sootvetstvenno 113, 165 i 144 krad. Poskol'ku pri 15 Degree-Sign S rost mikrobov zaderzhivaetsja, v to vremja kak pri 20 Degree-Sign S on prakticheski ogranichen, period stojkosti pri temperature v 18 Degree-Sign S mozhno uvelichit' v dva raza lish' putem obluchenija 280 krad. Organolepticheskie ispytanija osnovany na preferencial'nom analize s pomoshh'ju devjatishagovoj gedonicheskoj shkaly i na differencial'nyh ispytanijah (ispytanija treugol'nika); oni osushhestvljajutsja soveshhaniem jekspertov. Pri 70 kradah vkus ostaetsja priemlemym; pri 140 kradah imeetsja otchetlivyj vkus luchej; pri 280 kradah vkus nepriemlem. Sushhestvennoe uluchshenie vkusa dostigaetsja pri obluchenii pri nizkih temperaturah (-30 Degree-Sign S) i pri dobavlenii askorbinovoj kisloty, sorbita i specij. Jeksperimenty prodolzhajutsja. (author)

Dispersions of Oxides in Oxide Matrices as High-Temperature Reactor Fuels; Dispersions d'oxyde dans des matrices d'oxyde, utilisees comme combustibles dans des reacteurs a haute temperature; Dispersiya okisej v okislovykh matritsakh v kachestve topliva dlya vysokotemperaturnogo reaktora; Empleo de dispersiones de oxidos en matrices de oxidos, como combustibles para reactores de elevada temperatura

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Williams, J. [Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell (United Kingdom)

1963-11-15

incorporarlas en matrices de elevada densidad. Los trabajos sobre metodos de elaboracion en escala experimental se hallan bastante avanzados. (author) [Russian] Daetsya obzor vozmozhnosti primeneniya dispersij PuO{sub 2},UO{sub 2}, ThO{sub 2} v matritsakh iz BeO, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, MgO i SiO{sub 2} s tochki zreniya sokhraneniya tselostnosti takogo topliva i sposobov ego izgotovleniya. Neizmennost' razmerov i sposobnost' uderzhaniya produktov deleniya yavlyayutsya naibolee vazhnymi svojstvami s tochki zreniya sokhraneniya tselostnosti topliva. Sovmestimost' sostavnykh ehlementov topliva drug s drugom i s teplonositelem okazyvayut vliyanie na neizmennost' razmerov, no v ehtom otnoshenii okislovye vidy topliva obladayut znachitel'nymi preimushchestvami. Na izmenenie razmerov pod dejstviem oblucheniya okazyvayut vliyanie: povrezhdeniya matritsy pod dejstviem nejtronov i oskolkov deleniya; radiatsionnoe povrezhdenie fazy delyashchikhsya veshchestv vosproizvodyashchikh materialov i nakoplenie produktov deleniya v gazoobraznom sostoyanii. Termicheskie napryazheniya takzhe mogut vyzyvat' izmeneniya formy. Odnako svedeniya o mekhanizme relaksatsii napryazhenij slishkom ogranicheny, chtoby mozhno bylo dat' kakuyu-libo priemlimuyu teoreticheskuyu otsenku povedeniyu topliva. Issledovaniya vykhoda produktov deleniya kak v sluchae legkogo oblucheniya, tak i pri sil'nom vygoranii okisej delyashchikhsya veshchestv/vosproizvodyashchikh materialov ogranichivalis' glavnym obrazom gazoobraznymi produktami deleniya, preimushchestvenno ksenonom. Dannye o vykhode drugikh produktov deleniya, a takzhe svedeniya o prokhozhdenii produktov deleniya voobshche cherez vozmozhnye materialy dlya matrits ochen' ogranicheny. Issledovaniya pronitsaemosti chistykh spekshikhsya okisej pokazyvayut, chto dlya ustraneniya otkrytoj poristosti takikh matrits potrebovalos' by dostizhenie plotnostej, dokhodyashchikh po men'shej mere do 95, a to i do 98% ot teoreticheski osushchestvimoj. Dlya izgotovleniya chastits

Financeirização de esquerda? Frutos inesperados no Brasil do século XXI Leftist financialization? Unexpected outcomes in 21st century Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Grün

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Diversos episódios e evoluções recentes mostram a adesão de setores tradicionais e novos das elites brasileiras ao predomínio das finanças e de suas razões na sociedade brasileira. A partir da análise do engendramento e da difusão da governança corporativa e dos fundos de private equities na acepção que elas vêm ganhando no Brasil, podemos mesmo falar de convergência das elites em torno dos mecanismos criados para a medição financeira, ainda que o resultado ocorra por meio de um alargamento de sua polissemia. Esses mecanismos, para cá trazidos no intuito explícito de acelerar e facilitar a integração das empresas brasileiras ao espaço e à lógica que impera nos mercados financeiros, avançam rapidamente, mas acabam recebendo um significado menos hardcore do que os financistas esperam. Ainda que deploráveis para os financistas ortodoxos, esses resultados dificilmente surpreenderiam um cientista social treinado. É por intermédio da polissemia que as abóboras se ajeitam na carroça da sociedade em movimento. A análise desse diálogo social produzido em torno das questões financeiras se torna assim uma excelente janela para a compreensão não só das disputas econômicas, mas também das disputas políticas que sacodem a sociedade brasileira contemporânea.Various recent episodes and evolutions demonstrate how both traditional and new sectors of the Brazilian elite have embraced the dominance of finance and its logic in Brazilian society. An analysis of the creation and diffusion of corporate governance and private equity funds - in the sense these have acquired in Brazil - allows us to identify a convergence of the country's elite sectors in terms of the mechanisms created for financial measurement, although this outcome stems from a broadening of their polysemy. Explicitly introduced into Brazil to accelerate and facilitate the integration of Brazilian companies in the space and prevailing logic of financial markets

Environmental state of the Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentina Brečko Grubar

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea is its most northern part which occupies approximately 200 km2 and is a part of the wider Gulf of Trieste. Slovenian coast consists of 47 kilometers of mostly steep, abrasive marl and sandstone coast. Low accumulation coast is located only at the mouths of the watercourses and represents but a smaller portion, whereas the smallest part is occupied by the limestone abrasion coast. Mainland coastal region is mostly hillside and has a very diverse relief, while plains, in smaller numbers, are located only in the lower parts of the river valleys. Slovenian sea indents the mainland by two larger gulfs: the Gulf of Koper and of Piran and is predominately very shallow. The average depth is around 18 m and the largest depth is 38 m at the Madona cape near Piran. Sea bottom is mostly covered by the thick layer of sediments deposited after the abrasion of the steep cliff coast and by the accumulation of the river alluvium. Due to its shallowness the sea is exposed to high temperature fluctuations and due to the fresh water influx also to the changes of its salinity. The circulation of the sea water is mainly induced by the tide and wind activities, mostly the Bora (strong north-easterly wind which significantly influences the vertical circulation of the water. Water current is weak and unstable. There is a large influx of nutrients into the Slovenian sea, resulting from the soil erosion, surface water influx, watercourses and direct emissions of waste waters into the sea. The consequence of the mentioned sea characteristics is a great landscape sensitivity of the coastal sea ecosystem. During summer the sea warms intensely and when accompanied by the weak water circulation, we are often witnessing the lack of oxygen in the deeper layers of the water, intensive algae growth and sea blooming, which points to exceeded self-cleaning (assimilation capacities of the marine ecosystem. The major polluters are the coastal towns

Environmental state of the Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentina Brečko Grubar

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Slovenian part of the Adriatic Sea is its most northern part which occupies approximately 200 km2 and is a part of the wider Gulf of Trieste. Slovenian coast consists of 47 kilometers of mostly steep, abrasive marl and sandstone coast. Low accumulation coast is located only at the mouths of the watercourses and represents but a smaller portion, whereas the smallest part is occupied by the limestone abrasion coast. Mainland coastal region is mostly hillside and has a very diverse relief, while plains, in smaller numbers, are located only in the lower parts of the river valleys. Slovenian sea indents the mainland by two larger gulfs: the Gulf of Koper and of Piran and is predominately very shallow. The average depth is around 18 m and the largest depth is 38 m at the Madona cape near Piran. Sea bottom is mostly covered by the thick layer of sediments deposited after the abrasion of the steep cliff coast and by the accumulation of the river alluvium. Due to its shallowness the sea is exposed to high temperature fluctuations and due to the fresh water influx also to the changes of its salinity. The circulation of the sea water is mainly induced by the tide and wind activities, mostly the Bora (strong north-easterly wind which significantly influences the vertical circulation of the water. Water current is weak and unstable. There is a large influx of nutrients into the Slovenian sea, resulting from the soil erosion, surface water influx, watercourses and direct emissions of waste waters into the sea. The consequence of the mentioned sea characteristics is a great landscape sensitivity of the coastal sea ecosystem. During summer the sea warms intensely and when accompanied by the weak water circulation, we are often witnessing the lack of oxygen in the deeper layers of the water, intensive algae growth and sea blooming, which points to exceeded self-cleaning (assimilation capacities of the marine ecosystem. The major polluters are the coastal towns

Safety profile of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with rosmarinic acid for oral use: in vitro and animal approaches

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Madureira AR

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Ana Raquel Madureira,1 Sara Nunes,2 Débora A Campos,1 João C Fernandes,2 Cláudia Marques,3 Monica Zuzarte,2 Beatriz Gullón,1 Luís M Rodríguez-Alcalá,1 Conceição Calhau,3,4 Bruno Sarmento,5–7 Ana Maria Gomes,1 Maria Manuela Pintado,1 Flávio Reis2 1Catholic University of Portugal, CBQF – Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry – Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, Porto, Portugal; 2Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, and CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 4Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS, Porto, Portugal; 5Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences-North, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal; 6“I3S” Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 7INEB, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Abstract: Rosmarinic acid (RA possesses several protective bioactivities that have attracted increasing interest by nutraceutical/pharmaceutical industries. Considering the reduced bioavailability after oral use, effective (and safe delivery systems are crucial to protect RA from gastrointestinal degradation. This study aims to characterize the safety profile of solid lipid nanoparticles produced with Witepsol and Carnauba waxes and loaded with RA, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, focused on genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays, redox status markers, hematological and biochemical profile, liver and kidney function, gut bacterial microbiota, and fecal fatty acids composition. Free RA and sage extract, empty nanoparticles, or nanoparticles loaded with RA or sage extract (0.15 and 1.5 mg/mL were evaluated for cell (lymphocytes viability, necrosis and apoptosis, and antioxidant

Associação da deficiência de ácido fólico com alterações patológicas e estratégias para sua prevenção: uma visão crítica Association between folic acid deficiency and disease and prevention strategies: a critical view

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sofia Kimi Uehara

2010-10-01

Full Text Available A deficiência de ácido fólico está associada às doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis, complicações na gestação e doenças neurodegenerativas. Objetivou-se discutir o papel do ácido fólico na prevenção de doenças, os aspectos epidemiológicos de sua deficiência, fortificação dos alimentos e suplementação medicamentosa. Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico, consultando as bases de dados para a obtenção dos artigos completos: MedLine, SciELO, PubMed, Highwire Press e Science Direct. Foram selecionados estudos realizados com seres humanos publicados entre 2004 e 2010. O ácido fólico é importante para as reações de metilação do ácido desoxirribonucléico, prevenção da hiper-homocisteinemia e atua como antioxidante. A deficiência dessa vitamina é descrita em adolescentes, mulheres em idade fértil, gestantes e em idosos. Seu alcance pela dieta é difícil, sendo necessária a inclusão de alimentos fortificados ou suplementos. É importante avaliar o estado nutricional de ácido fólico dos indivíduos antes e após a adoção dessas estratégias, de modo a gerar subsídios para ela-boração de medidas governamentais mais adequadas e eficazes. Destacamos ainda a necessidade da reeducação nutricional para a população brasileira a fim de aumentar o consumo de alimentos fontes de ácido fólico.Folic acid deficiency is associated with non-communicable chronic diseases, pregnancy-associated complications and neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this paper was to discuss the role of folic acid in disease prevention, the epidemiological aspects of its deficiency and food fortification and supplementation. Articles were searched in the following databases: MedLine, SciELO, PubMed, Highwire Press and Science Direct. Only original studies with humans published between 2004 and 2010 were included. Folic acid is important for DNA methylation and prevention of hyperhomocysteinemia. It also presents antioxidant

Propuesta de adaptación de la prueba de abordaje luriano “evaluación neuropsicológica infantil Puebla-Sevilla” para el idioma portugués (A Proposal for the Adaptation of the Luria “Puebla-Sevilla Children's Neuropsychological Assessment” to Portuguese (Proposition d'adaptation de l'épreuve d'abordage Luriano “Évaluation neuropsychologique des enfants à Puebla-Séville” pour la langue portugaise (Proposta de adaptação da prova de abordagem Luriano “Avaliação neuropsicológica infantil Puebla-Sevilla” para o idioma português

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jamile Bittencourt-Chastinet

2012-06-01

'apprentissage.ResumoOs instrumentos utilizados para a avaliação neuropsicológica infantil podem ser dividi- dos em dois grupos: as provas padrão e a avaliação qualitativa. Desde a perspectiva da neuropsicologia histórico-cultural que respalda a utilização dos procedimentos qua- litativos, se realizaram as tentativas de ela- boração e utilização clínica das provas para a análise de casos de transtornos de desen- volvimento e aprendizagem. O objetivo des- te trabalho é propor um instrumento para a avaliação neuropsicológica qualitativa que seja aplicável à população infantil de língua portuguesa. A prova pode ser útil para a ava- liação de problemas no desenvolvimento e na aprendizagem.

Use of the Scintigraphic Method In Morphological Exploration of the Liver during Amoebiasis; Application de la Methode Scintigraphique a l'Exploration Morphologique du Foie au Cours de l'Amibiase; Primenenie stsintigraficheskogo metoda dlya morfologicheskogo issledovaniya pecheni pri amebiaze; Aplicacion de la Centelleografia a la Exploracion Morfologica del Higado en Casos de Amibiasis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gongora, R.; Jammet, H. [Fondation Curie, Paris (France)

1964-10-15

Increasing recourse is being had to the scintigraphic method of morphological exploration of the amoebic liver owing to the frequency of hepatic localizations of amoebiasis and to the difficulties of clinical and paraclinical diagnosis of amoebic abscess of the organ. The method yields data of great importance in this field. The authors quote the statistics of examinations they have carried out and endeavour to draw conclusions from them. They describe the examination technique from the following points of view: (a) The choice of materials (I{sup 131}-labelled Rose Bengal and Au{sup 198} in colloidal solution) with their advantages and disadvantages; (b) The apparatus used, with special reference to the problem of collimation; (c) Actual performance of the examination, involving a functional study and the scintigram itself, which has to be carried out from different angles; (d) Repetition of the examination after an interval of several months. The authors then deal with the scintigraphic semiology of hepatic localizations of amoebiasis; they analyse the elementary abnormal images, study their topography, and describe their associations in the case of hepatitis and in cases of amoebic abscess. They then study the development of these images with time and report a number of cases for which the scintigraphic examination was repeated after an interval of several weeks or months. Finally, they enunciate the indications for application of the method, which provides essential data for the positive diagnosis of amoebic abscess of the liver and for topographical and morphological diagnosis (of particular interest surgically), and which makes it possible to observe the progress of the disease and the healing of the abscess after medical treatment. (author) [French] La methode scintigraphique est de plus en plus sollicitee pour l'exploration morphologique du foie amibien en raison de la frequence des localisations hepatiques de l'amibiase et des difficultes du diagnostic clinique et paraclinique de l'abces amibien du foie. La methode fournit dans ce domaine des renseignements d'interet majeur. Les auteurs rapportent la statistique des examens qu'ils ont effectues et se proposent de tirer les conclusions de ces examens. Ils decrivent la technique d'examen envisageant successivement: a) Le probleme du choix des produits (rose bengale marque avec {sup 131}I et {sup 198}Au en solution colloiedale), en soulignant leurs avantages et inconvenients respectifs; b) L'appareillage utilise en insistant sur le probleme de la collimation; c) Le deroulement de l'examen qui comporte une etude fonctionnelle et la scintigraphie proprement dite effectuee necessairement sous plusieurs incidences; d) La repetition de l'examen a plusieurs mois d'intervalle. Les auteurs traitent ensuite de la semiologie scintigraphique des localisations hepatiques de l'amibiase; ils analysent les images anormales elementaires; etudient leur topographie et decrivent les associations de ces images dans le cas d'hepatite et dans les cas d'abces amibien. Ils etudient l'evolution de ces images dans le temps, en rapportant un certain nombre de cas pour lesquels l'examen scintigraphique a ete repete a plusieurs semaines ou plusieurs mois d'intervalle. Enfin, ils degagent les indications de la methode qui apporte des renseignements essentiels pour preciser le diagnostic positif des abces amibiens du foie et pour le diagnostic topographique et morphologique (particulierement interessant sur le plan chirurgical), et qui permet de suivre l'evolution de la maladie et d'apprecier la guerison des abces apres traitement medical. (author) [Spanish] Las amibiasis se localizan con gran frecuencia en el higado y los abscesos que producen son dificiles de diagnosticar clinica o paraclinicamente. Por ello, en estos casos, la exploracion morfologica del higado se efectua cada vez mas por centelleografia, metodo que permite obtener datos de gran interes. Los autores exponen los resultados estadisticos de los examenes que han efectuado y las conclusiones correspondientes. Describen la tecnica de examen considerando, sucesivamente: a) el problema de la eleccion de los productos (Rosa Bengala marcadb con {sup 131}I; {sup 198}Au en solucion coloidal) senalando sus ventajas e inconvenientes; b) los aparatos empleados, insistiendo en el problema de la colimacion; c) el desarrollo del examen, que comprende un examen funcional y la centelleografia propiamente dicha efectuada, necesariamente, desde varias proyecciones; d) la repeticion del examen a intervalos de varios meses. A continuacion, los autores tratan de la semiologia centelleograueca de las amibiasis hepaticas, analizan las imagenes anormales elementales, examinan su topografia y describen las asociaciones de esas imagenes en el caso de la hepatitis y en el de los abscesos amibianos. Estudian la evolucion temporal de esas imagenes y dan informacion sobre un cierto numero de casos en que el examen centelleografico se repitio a intervalos de varias semanas o de varios meses. Por ultimo, senalan en que casos esta indicado este metodo, que facilita datos esenciales para precisar el diagnostico positivo de los abscesos hepaticos amibianos y su diagnostico topografico y morfologico, particularmente interesante desde el punto de vista quirurgico, y que permite seguir la evolucion de la enfermedad y apreciar la curacion de los abscesos despues del tratamiento medico. (author) [Russian] Scintigraficheskij metod nahodit vse bole;e shirokoe primenenie pri morfologicheskom issledovanii amebnogo zabolevanija pecheni v svjazi s chastotoj pechenochnyh lokalizacij amebiaza i trudnostjami klinicheskogo i paraklinicheskogo diagnoza amebnogo abscessa pecheni. V dannoj oblasti metod daet vozmozhnost' poluchat' ves'ma interesnye dannye. Privoditsja statistika provedennyh opytov, predlagajutsja sootvetstvujushhie vyvody. Izlozhenie metoda issledovanija daetsja v sledujushhem porjadke: Problema vybora indikatora (Bengal'skaja roza, mechennaja jodom-131 izolotom-198 v kolloidal'nom rastvore), pri jetom ukazyvajutsja ih sootvetstvujushhie polozhitel'nye i otricatel'nye kachestva. Ispol'zovannaja apparatura s ukazaniem na problemu kollimacii. Process obsledovanija, kotoryj vkljuchaet v sebja funkcional'nye issledovanija, i sobstvenno scintigrafiju, provodimuju v objazatel'nom porjadke pod neskol'kimi uglami. Povtorenie issledovanija s intervalom v neskol'ko mesjacev. Izlagaetsja vopros o scintigraficheskoj simptomatike pochechnyh lokalizacij amebiaza; analizirujutsja jelementarnye patologicheskie izobrazhenija; issleduetsja ih tipografija i opisyvajutsja associacii jetih izobrazhenij v sluchajah gipatita i amebnogo abscessa. Izuchaetsja jevoljucija jetih izobrazhenij vo vremeni i privoditsja v svjazi s jetim neskol'ko sluchaev, kogda scintigraficheskie issledovanija povtorjalis' s intervalom v neskol'ko nedel' ili mesjacev. Nakonec, ukazyvaetsja metod, kotoryj pozvoljaet poluchat' sushhestvennye dannye dlja utochnenija pozitivnogo diagnoza amebnogo abscessa pecheni, prichem ih topograficheskij i morfologicheskij diagnoz predstavljaet osobyj interes v hirurgicheskom plane. Jetot metod takzhe pozvoljaet sledit' za jevoljuciej bolezni i ustanavlivat' lechenie abscessov posle obshhego medicinskogo lechenija. (author)

Integral physics data for fast-reactor design; Donnees de physique integrale intervenant dans les etudes de reacteur a neutrons rapides; Integral'nye fizicheskie dannye dlya raschetov reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh; Datos fisicos integrales para el diseno de reactores rapidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Loewenstein, W B; Meneghetti, D [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1962-03-15

dannye po fakticheskim ehnergeticheskim reaktoram-razmnozhitelya m na bystrykh nejtronakh. EHti sistemy slishkom slozhny dlya prove- deniya prostogo teoreticheskogo analiza. Oni svidetel'stvuyut o slozhnosti fakticheskogo reaktora po sravneniyu s bolee idealizirovanny m i legko analiziruemym kriticheskim opytom. Integral'nye fizicheskie dannye dlya rascheta reaktora polucheny v rezul'tate provedennykh na reaktornykh sistemakh kriticheskikh ili nekriticheskikh izmerenij, razlichnykh velichin reaktornoj fiziki, imeyushchikh prakticheskoe j teoreticheskoe znacheniya, ili to ili drugoe znachenie. Oni kharakterizuyut i pozvolyayut ponyat' sistemu. Dany izmereniya kriticheskoj massy, koehffitsienta formy aktivnoj zony, koehffitsientov detektorov, spektrov nejtronov, opytov s zamenoj materiala, otrazhatel'noj dobavki, vremeni zhizni nejtronov, Rossi-{alpha} i podobnykh kharakteristik i velichin. V doklade rassmatrivayuts ya ehti dannye i opisyvayutsya oblasti ikh primeneniya. Pokazano, chto sushchestvuyut ogranicheniya i v ehksperimental'ny kh i v analiticheskikh rezultatakh pri analizakh spektra i kritichnosti sistemy. Dany nametki budushchikh ehksperimental'ny kh i analiticheskikh issledovanij. Ehti issledovaniya pomogut umen'shit' razryv mezhdu teoriej i opytom dlya 'izvestnykh' sistem. Namechayutsya takzhe issledovaniya po 'podkrepleniyu' dannykh fiziki krupnykh ehnergeticheskikh reaktorov-razmnozhitelej na bystrykh nejtronakh. (author)

Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Insects and Other Arthropods; Effet des rayonnements ionisants sur les insectes et autres arthropodes; Vozdejstvie ioniziruntsej radiatsii na nasekomykh i drugikh chlenistonogikh; Efectos de las radiaciones ionizantes sobre los insectos y otros artropodos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stone, William E. [United States Department of Agriculture Laboratories, Mexico City, D.F (Mexico)

1963-09-15

radiaciones gamma en la capacidad de reproduccion, los instintos sexuales, el vigor y la longevidad de la mosca oriental de la fruta, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, la mosca del melon, Dacus cucurbitae Coq., la mosca mediterranea, Ceratitis capitata Wied., la mosca de la fruta mejicana, Anastrepha ludens Loew, y el Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, e indica los resultados de la campada de exterminio obtenidos en la practica liberando machos esteriles. Revisa tambien los progresos realizados en los Estados Unidos en la campana para exterminar la Cochliomya hominivorax Cqrl., y en los estudios para desarrollar cepas vigorosas, marcadas geneticamente, que permitan identificar con facilidad las moscas esteriles liberadas. Se discuten tambien los resultados de las investigaciones sobre la irradiacion de otras seis especies que atacan a frutas, verduras y otros cultivos agricolas y forestales, otras tres que atacan al ganado, y tres mas que atacan principalmente al hombre. Se trata asimismo de la irradiacion del escorpion, Centruroides limp idus Karsch y del aracnido Amblyomma americanum L., y de la posibilidad de emplear radiaciones ionizantes como tratamiento de cuarentena para las frutas y verduras infestadas con la mosca de la fruta y para los mangos infestados con el gorgojo Stemochetus mangiferae Fabricius. (author) [Russian] V nastoyashchee vremya provodyatsya issledovaniya vozmozhnosti primeneniya metoda sterilizatsii posredstvom oblucheniya dlya unichtozheniya populyatsij tselogo ryada nasekomykh, porazhaptsikh cheloveka, zhivotnykh i razlichnye kul'tury. Ehti predvaritel'nye issledovaniya pokazali, chto ioniziruyushchee obluchenie privodit k sterilizatsii, no chto dlya ehtoj tseli trebuyutsya chrezvychajno raznoobraznye dozy. Okazalos', chto v nekotorykh sluchayakh radiatsionnye povrezhdeniya mogut isklyuchit' vozmozhnost' primeneniya ehtogo metoda u nekotorykh nasekomykh. Prepyatstvie, kotoroe zachastuyu prikhoditsya preodolevat', zaklyuchaetsya v otsutstvii prakticheskikh metodov

Factors Associated With Access to HIV Testing and Primary Care Among Migrants Living in Europe: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Science.gov (United States)

Fakoya, Ibidun; Álvarez-Del Arco, Débora; Copas, Andrew J; Teixeira, Bryan; Block, Koen; Gennotte, Anne-Francoise; Volny-Anne, Alain; Bil, Janneke P; Touloumi, Giota; Del Amo, Julia; Burns, Fiona M

2017-11-06

have tested for HIV as were heterosexual men who had access to primary care (aOR 3.13 [95% CI 1.58-6.13]) or reported "Good" health status (aOR 2.94 [95% CI 1.41-5.88]). Access to primary care is limited by structural determinants such as immigration and health care policy, which varies across Europe. For those migrants who can access primary care and other health services, missed opportunities for HIV testing remain a barrier to earlier testing and diagnosis for migrants in Europe. Clinicians should be aware of these potential structural barriers to HIV testing as well as low perception of HIV risk in migrant groups. ©Ibidun Fakoya, Débora Álvarez-del Arco, Andrew J Copas, Bryan Teixeira, Koen Block, Anne-Francoise Gennotte, Alain Volny-Anne, Janneke P Bil, Giota Touloumi, Julia del Amo, Fiona M Burns. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (http://publichealth.jmir.org), 06.11.2017.

Frontiers of Physics and Plasma Science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharma, Prerana

2017-01-01

Preface to the conference proceedingsWe are very pleased to introduce the proceeding of FPPS-2016; the international conference “Frontiers of Physics and Plasma Science” that took place on 7 and 8 November, 2016 in the campus of Ujjain Engineering College, Ujjain (India). The goal of the meeting was to provide a broad prospective to the plasma science emphasizing physics with a new plasma technologies. The scientific program of the conference focused on the advancement of the all branches of physics in achieving all applications of the plasma science. The conference spans a wide range of topics, reporting experiments, techniques and ideas that advance the plasma science worldwide.There were 20 invited lectures and 04 oral presentations covering the different area of the conference. The keynote lecture was delivered by Dr. Rajdeep Singh Rawat (NTU, Singapore) on “Density plasma focus: novel high energy density plasma device”. Prof. Y.C. Saxena (IPR, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad), Prof. R. P. Sharma (IIT, New Delhi), Prof. Fernando Haas (Brazil), Prof. Davoud Dorranian (Tehran, Iran), Dr. Raju Khanal (Tribhuwan University, Nepal), Prof. Avinash Khare (IIT, New Delhi), Dr. Navin Dwivedi (Israel), Prof. V.K. Tripathi (IIT New Delhi), Dr. J. Ghosh (IPR, Gandhinagar, Gujarat), Dr. Devendra Sharma (IPR, Gandhinagar, Gujarat), Prof. R.K. Thareja (IIT Kanpur), Dr. Vipul Arora (RRCAT, Indore), Prof. M. P. Bora (Gauhati University, Guwahati) and many more have delivered their lecture in the field of plasma science and its applications. The program was chaired in a professional and efficient way by the session chairmen who were selected for their international standing in the subject.The 165 abstracts that were presented in two days (during parallel poster session) formed a heart of the conference and provided ample opportunity for the discussion. The 170 participants, 110 of whom were students had many fruitful discussions and exchange that contributed to the success of the

Reação de genótipos de melancia ao crestamento gomoso do caule Response of watermelon cultivars to gummy stem blight

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gil Rodrigues dos Santos

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Face à importância do crestamento gomoso do caule e à escassez de relatos da reação de genótipos de melancia na literatura nacional e internacional, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a resposta de genótipos comerciais de melancia ao crestamento gomoso. No campo, estudou-se o nível de infecção nas folhas em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com nove cultivares de melancia e quatro repetições, com inoculação de duas plantas por parcela aos 43 dias após o plantio (DAP. Foram avaliadas as cultivares Crimson Sweet, Onix, Rubi, Safira, Eureka, Georgia, Sheila, Savana e Riviera. Em casa de vegetação, estudou-se a infecção no caule em vasos, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, em esquema fatorial de 9 x 3, sendo o fator "a" = cultivares e o fator "b" = isolados. Foram avaliadas as mesmas cultivares do ensaio de campo, com inoculação artificial com disco de micélio aos 15 dias após a semeadura, quando do surgimento da primeira folha definitiva. Os isolados de D. bryoniae utilizados na inoculação das plântulas foram: UnB 76 (Melão-DF, UnB 75 (Melancia-PE e UnB 81 (Abóbora-DF. Dentre as cultivares avaliadas no campo, Riviera mostrou-se mais resistente e apresentou menores (PGummy stem blight, caused by Didymella bryoniae, is one of the most important watermelon diseases. Nevertheless, there are relatively few published studies on the response of watermelon genotypes to the disease. This paper reports results of studies on the response of commercially available watermelon cultivars to gummy stem blight. Leaf infection was studied in a randomized complete block field experiment with nine watermelon genotypes and four replicates. Two plants per experimental plot were inoculated 43 days after planting. Cultivars Crimson Sweet, Onix, Rubi, Safira, Eureka, Georgia, Sheila, Savana and Riviera were evaluated. Stem infection was studied in the greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with three

The impact of agriculture management on soil quality in citrus orchards in Eastern Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Hondebrink, Merel; Cerdà, Artemi; Cammeraat, Erik

2015-04-01

Bodí, M.B. 2009. Soil and water losses from new citrus orchards growing on sloped soils in the western Mediterranean basin. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34, 1822-1830. DOI: 10.1002/esp.1889 Hazarika, S., Thakuria, D., Ganeshamurthy, A. N., & Sakthivel, T. (2014). Soil quality as influenced by land use history of orchards in humid subtropics. Catena, 123, 37-44. Wang, L., Tang, L., Wang, X., & Chen, F. (2010). Effects of alley crop planting on soil and nutrient losses in the citrus orchards of the Three Gorges Region. Soil and Tillage Research, 110(2), 243-250. Wanshnong, R. K., Thakuria, D., Sangma, C. B., Ram, V., & Bora, P. K. (2013). Influence of hill slope on biological pools of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in acidic alfisols of citrus orchard. Catena, 111, 1-8. X. H. Li, J. Yang, C. Y Zhao and B. Wang
 (2014) Runoff and sediment from orchard terraces in Southeastern China. Land Degradation and Development, 25, 184-192. DOI: 10.1002/ldr.1160 Xu, Q. X., Wang, T. W., CAI, C. F., Li, Z.X., SHI, Z. H. 2012. Effects of soil conservation on soil properties of citrus orchards in the Three-Gorges Area, China. Land Degradation & Development, 23: 34 -42. DOI 10.1002/ldr.1045

Criticality in the fabrication of ion extraction system for SST-1 neutral beam injector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jana, M.R.; Mattoo, S.K.

2008-01-01

For the heating of plasma in steady-state superconducting tokamak (SST-1) (Y.C. Saxena, SST-1 Team, Present status of the SST-1 project, Nucl. Fusion 40 (2000) 1069-1082; D. Bora, SST-1 Team, Test results on systems developed for the SST-1 tokamak, Nucl. Fusion 43 (2003) 1748-1758), a neutral beam injector is provided to raise the ion temperature to ∼1 keV. This injector has a capability of injecting hydrogen beam with the power of 0.5 MW at 30 keV. For the upgrade of SST-1, power of 1.7 MW at 55 KeV is required. Further, beam power is to be provided for a pulse length of 1000S. We have designed a neutral beam injector (S.K. Mattoo, A.K. Chakraborty, U.K. Baruah, P.K. Jayakumar, M. Bandyopadhyay, N. Bisai, Ch. Chakrapani, M.R. Jana, R. Onali, V. Prahlad, P.J. Patel, G.B. Patel, B. Prajapati, N.V.M. Rao, S. Rambabu, C. Rotti, S.K. Sharma, S. Shah, V. Sharma, M.J. Singh, Engineering design of the steady-state neutral beam injector for SST-1, Fusion Eng. Des. 56 (2001) 685-691; A.K. Chakraborty, N. Bisai, M.R. Jana, P.K. Jayakumar, U.K. Baruah, P.J. Patel, K. Rajasekar, S.K. Mattoo, Neutral beam injector for steady-state superconducting tokamak, Fusion Technol. (1996) 657-660; P.K. Jayakumar, M.R. Jana, N. Bisai, M. Bajpai, N.P. Singh, U.K. Baruah, A.K. Chakraborty, M. Bandyopadhyay, C. Chrakrapani, D. Patel, G.B. Patel, P. Patel, V. Prahlad, N.V.M. Rao, C. Rotti, V. Sreedhar, S.K. Mattoo, Engineering issues of a 1000S neutral beam ion source, Fusion Technol. 1 (1998) 419-422) satisfying the requirements for both SST-1 and its upgrade. Since intense power is to be transported to SST-1 situated at a distance of several meters from the ion source, the optical quality of the beam becomes a primary concern. This in turn, is determined by the uniformity of the ion source plasma and the extractor geometry. To obtain the desired optical quality of the beam, stringent tolerances are to be met during the fabrication of ion extractor system. SST-1 neutral beam injector is

A Scintillation Camera for Kinetic Studies of the Distribution of Radioactive Nuclides in the Brain; Chambre a Scintillation pour des Etudes sur la Cinetique de la Repartition des Radionucleides dans le Cerveau; Stsintillyatsionnaya kamera dlya kineticheskogo issledovaniya raspredeleniya radioaktivnykh izotopov v tkani mozga; Camara de Centelleo para Estudiar la Cinetica de la Distribucion de Radionuclidos en el Cerebro

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gross, W. [Radiological Research Laboratory, Department Of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY (United States); Schlesinger, E. B.; De Boves, S. [Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY (United States)

1964-10-15

A scintillation camera specifically designed for the study of the kinetics of the distribution of radioactive nuclides in the brain has been developed. This device employs two banks of 3/4 in x 1 in sodium iodide-thallium activated crystals, 63 crystals per bank arranged in a 7 x 9 close-packed array on 1-in centres. These banks can be placed so that both lateral views or one lateral and one P-A or A-P view can be obtained simultaneously. The field of view of each crystal is limited by a collimator consisting of nineteen tapered holes whose axes are all parallel. This design gives a response of nearly equal full-width at half height to a simulated tumour source at all distances up to 4 in from the front of the collimator. This response is sufficiently wide to avoid significant ''dead'' areas and yet narrow enough to permit accurate observation of the activity distribution within a very few minutes using normal tracer doses of iodine-131. Each crystal is optically coupled to its own photomultiplier in an integral package. The output pulses of the photomultipliers are analysed by discriminators and the information stored in digital form in a quarter of the memory of a 512-channel pulse-height analyser. Time coincident pulses from the various detectors can be accepted by this equipment so that losses are negligible. Read-out in several forms is available. In digital form either a typewritten record or punched paper tape can be obtained. The latter may be read back into the equipment for review. Analogue read-out is made on a large screen oscilloscope. The scope beam is defocused and two 63 point display rasters generated to correspond to the spatial location of the scintillation counters. Intensity modulation of the oscilloscope beam as well as background erasure is used to assist in visualizing the activity distribution. (author) [French] Les auteurs ont mis au point une chambre a scintillation specialement concue pour des etudes sur la cinetique de la repartition des radionucleides dans le cerveau. Ce dispositif utilise deux series de cristaux Nal(Tl) de 1,8 cm sur 2,5 cm, chaque serie comprenant 63 cristaux disposes sur 7 rangs de 9 cristaux selon un quadrillage de 2,5 cm de cote. Il est possible de placer les deux series de maniere a pouvoir obtenir simultanement, soit les vues sur les deux cotes, soit une vue laterale et une vue postero-anterieure (ou antero-posterieure). Le champ de vision de chaque cristal est limite par un collimateur a 19 orifices coniques dont les axes sont tous paralleles. Ce montage donne une reponse a une source continue dans une tumeur simulee, dont la largeur complete a mi-amplitude est presque egale pour toutes les distances jusqu'a 10 cm a partir de la face anterieure du collimateur. Cette reponse est suffisamment large pour eviter des zones 'mortes' significatives, tout en etant assez etroite pour permettre de faire une observation precise de la repartition de l'activite en quelques minutes, si l'on emploie des doses normales d'iode-131. Chaque cristal est optiquement couple a son propre photomultiplicateur. Les impulsions des photomultiplicateurs a la sortie sont analysees au moyen de discriminateurs; l'information est emmagasinee sous forme numerique dans un quart de la memoire d'un analyseur d'amplitude a 512 canaux. Cet ensemble peut accepter des impulsions coiencidant dans le temps et provenant des divers detecteurs; les pertes sont donc negligeables. La lecture peut se faire sous plusieurs formes. Sous une forme numerique, on peut obtenir, soit une feuille dactylographiee, soit une bande perforee en papier. Celle-ci peut etre repassee dans l'appareil aux fins de controle. Sous forme analogique, la lecture se fait sur un oscilloscope a grand ecran. On defocalise le faisceau de l'oscilloscope et on produit deux series de 63 images dont chacune correspond a un cristal. La modulation de l'intensite du faisceau de l'oscilloscope et l'elimination du bruit de fond facilitent la visualisation de la repartition de l'activite. (author) [Spanish] Los autores han construido una camara de centelleo especialmente concebida para el estudio de la cinetica de la distribucion de radionuclidos en el cerebro. Este dispositivo contiene dos series de cristales de yoduro de sodio activados por talio, de 3/4 x 1 pulg; cada serie comprende 63 cristales dispuestos en 7 filas de 9 cristales con una distancia de 1 pulg entre los centros. Las dos series pueden colocarse de modo que sea posible obtener vistas-simultaneas de dos caras laterales, o de una cara lateral y una posteroanterior (anteroposterior). El campo de vision de cada cristal esta limitado por un colimador de 19 canales conicos cuyos ejes son paralelos entre sf. Este montaje da una respuesta practicamente uniforme a todas las distancias hasta 4 pulg desde el frente del colimador, para una fuente contenida en un tumor simulado. Esta respuesta es suficientemente amplia para evitar zonas 'mu ertas' significativas y ,al mismo tiempo,bastante estrecha para poder observar con exactitud la distribucion de la actividad en unos pocos minutos si se emplean dosis normales de yodo-131 como indicador. Cada cristal esta acoplado opticamente a su propio fotomultiplicador, constituyendo una unidad. Los impulsos de salida de los fotomultiplicadores son analizados mediante discriminadores; la informacion se almacena en forma numerica en una cuarta parte de la memoria de un analizador de amplitud de impulsos de 512 canales. Como este aparato puede aceptar impulsos coincidentes en el tiempo o procedentes de varios detectores, las perdidas son despreciables. La lectura puede efectuarse de distintas maneras. En forma numerica puede obtenerse ya sea un regristro dactilografiado o una cinta de papel perforado. Esta ultima puede introducirse en el aparato para una nueva lectura. En forma analogica, la lectura se hace en un osciloscopio de gran pantalla. Se desenfoca el haz del osciloscopio y se producen dos reticulados de 63 puntos para corresponder a la situacion espacial de los contadores de centelleo. La modulacion de la intensidad del haz del osciloscopio y la supresion de la actividad de fondo facilitan la visualizacion de la distribucion de actividad. (author) [Russian] Razrabotana scintil- ljacionnaja kamera, special'no prednaznachennaja dlja izuchenija kinetiki raspredelenija radioaktivnyh izotopov v tkani mozga. Jetot pribor sostoit iz dvuh grupp, aktivirovannyh talliem kristallov NaJ razmerom 1,8 X 2,5 sm , prichem 63 kristalla kazhdoj gruppy soboany v porjadok 7 x 9 na 2 ,5 -sm centrah. Jeti gruppy m ogut byt' raspolozheny takim o'razom, chtoby odnovremenno poluchat' ob e bokovye proekcii ili odnu bokovuju i odnu za dne-perednjuju ili peredne-zadnjuju proekciju. Pole zrenija kazhdogo kristalla ogranicheno kollimatorom, so stojashhim iz 19 suzhivajushhihsja kanalov s parallel'nymi osjam i. Jeta konstrukcija imeet chuvstvitel'nost' pochti ravnuju polnoj shirote na polovine rasstojanija douslovnogo istochnika opuholi po vsem rasstojanijam do 10 cm ot perednej chasti kollimatora. Jeta chuvstvitel'nost' dostatochno shiroka, chtoby izbezhat' neradioaktivnyh zon , i v to zhe vremja dostatochno uzka , chtoby pozvolit' tochnoe nabljudenie raspredelenija aktivnosti v techenie neskol'kih minut, pri ispol'zovanii normal'nyh indikatornyh doz j o d a -131. Kazhdyj kristall opticheski s o edinen so svoim fotoumnozhitelem v obshhej upakovke. Vyhodnye impul'sy fotoumnozhitelej analizirujutsja s pomoshh'ju diskriminatorov i informacija hranitsja v cifrovoj forme v chetverti zapominajushhego ustrojstva 512-kanal'nogo analizatora vysokih impul'sov. Sovpadajushhie po vremeni impul'sy iz razlichnyh d e tektorov mogut prinimat'sja v jetoj ust anovke s neznachitel'nymi p ot er jam i . Schityvanie dannyh vozmozhno v neskol'kih formah. Mozhno poluchit' dannye v cifrovoj forme, v mashinopisnoj forme ili v vide perfokart. Poslednie mozhno vvesti obratno v pribor dlja povtornogo izuchenija. Analogichnoe schityvanie proizvoditsja na oscilloskope s bol'shim jekranom. Puchok na jetom pribore defokusiruetsja, i voznikajut dve indikatornye setki s 63 tochkami, sootvetstvujushhimi p rostranstvennomu raspolozheniju scintilljacionnyh schetchikov. Modulirovanie plotnosti puchka oscilloskopa, a takzhe stiranie fona ispol'zujutsja dlja togo, chtoby oblegchit' vizual'noe nabljudenie raspredelenija aktivnosti. (author)

A Technique of Culturing the Olive Fly, Dacus Oleae Gmel., on Synthetic Media Under Xenic Conditions; Methode d'elevage de la mouche de l'olive Dacus Oleae Gmel., en xenie sur milieux synthetiques; Metodika ksenicheskoj kul'tivatsii maslinnoj mukhi Dacus Oleae na sinteticheskoj srede; Una tecnica de cria de la mosca del olivo (Dacus Oleae Gmel.) en un medio sintetico en condiciones xenicas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hagen, K. S.; Santas, L.; Tsecouras, A. [Agricultural College of Athens. Athens (Greece)

1963-09-15

, obychno zanimaemykh vnutri lichinki ili vzrosloj osobi tipichnym oimbiotom. Streptomitsin v nastoyashchee vremya vklyuchaetsya v sostav pishchi vzrosloj osobi dlya preduprezhdeniya bakterial'noj infektsii yaits. Lichinochnoe razvitie, razmery i razmnozhenie D. oleae byli normal'nymi. S pomoshch'yu razrabotannoj lichinochnoj sredy vozmozhna massovaya kul'tivatsiya, odnako neobkhodimy dal'nejshie issledovaniya dlya sozdaniya bolee bystrogo metoda razmeshcheniya yaits na srede. Zhelatelen dal'nejshij otbor ingibitorov pleseni, a takzhe otyskanie bolee deshevykh zamenitelej sredy. (author)

The Use of Prestressed Concrete Vessels in the French Power Reactor Programme; Les caissons en beton precontraint dans le programme francais des reacteurs de puissance; Korpusy iz predvaritel'no napryazhennogo betona vo frantsuzskoj programme ehnergeticheskikh reaktorov; Empleo de recipientes de presion de hormigon pretensado en el programa frances de reactores de potencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conte, F. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Marcoule (France); Dambrine, C. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses (France); Gaussot, D. [Electricite de France, Clamart (France)

1963-10-15

takzhe kasaetsya voznikshikh v protsesse stroitel'stva problem. Provodyatsya razlichnye issledovaniya budushchikh perspektiv ispol'zovaniya predvaritel'no napryazhennogo betona dlya reaktorov. Sozdaetsya vpechatlenie o vozmozhnosti pri zhelanii osushchestvit' povyshenie rabochego davleniya i dobit'sya zametnogo uvelicheniya razmerov, chto pozvolyaet predvidet' sozdanie konstruktsii integrirovannogo tipa. (author)

Reprodução de Meloidogyne spp. em porta-enxertos e híbridos de pepino Reproduction of Meloidogyne spp. in rootstocks and cucumber hybrids

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Renata S Wilcken

2010-03-01

Full Text Available A enxertia é uma técnica alternativa frequentemente recomendada para a cultura do pepino em áreas infestadas com nematóides das galhas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o fator de reprodução de Meloidogyne javanica e de Meloidogyne incognita raça 2 em seis porta-enxertos para pepino (abóbora 'Menina Brasileira', moranga 'Exposição', 'Shelper', 'Tetsukabuto', 'B8-A Tetsukabuto' e 'Excite Ikki' e quatro híbridos de pepino (Cucumis sativus tipo japonês ('Yoshinari', 'Kouki', 'Taisho' e 'Tsuyataro'. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa-de-vegetação, um com cada espécie do nematóide, sendo cada parcela constituída de uma planta mantida em vaso contendo 2 litros de solo autoclavado. Nove dias após transplante, cada planta foi inoculada com 5.000 ovos e juvenis de segundo estádio (população inicial - Pi de M. javanica ou M. incognita raça 2. Tomateiros 'Rutgers' foram utilizados como padrão de viabilidade do inóculo, em ambos os experimentos. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições por tratamento. Sessenta dias após a inoculação, cada planta foi avaliada, quanto ao peso fresco da raiz, número total de nematóides presentes no solo e na raiz (população final - Pf, número de nematóides/g de raiz e fator de reprodução de ambas as espécies de Meloidogyne (FR=Pf/Pi. Todos os porta-enxertos e híbridos de pepino testados apresentaram fatores de reprodução superiores a um, proporcionando a multiplicação de M. javanica e de M. incognita raça 2, porém, os valores nos híbridos de pepino foram superiores aos dos porta-enxertos.Grafting is an alternative technique often recommended for the cucumber crop in root-knot nematodes infested areas. This study aimed to determine the reproduction factor of Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita race 2 on six rootstocks for cucumber (squash 'Menina Brasileira, pumpkim 'Exposição', 'Shelper', 'Tetsukabuto', 'B8-A

On the dense water cascading in the Southern Adriatic Sea during 2012: Setup of a Rapid Environmental Assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Langone, Leonardo

2013-04-01

In the North Adriatic, Dense Shelf Water (DSW) forms during cold and dry winters by cooling and evaporation. DSW spreads southward along the western shelf reaching the southern Adriatic basin (1200 m deep) after 1-2 months, where sinks through cascading events. In February 2012, a large Siberian High caused blocking of the Atlantic flow and a westward flow of dry and cold air masses from eastern Russia toward Europe. The North Adriatic experienced a cold spell with large decrease of surface temperature (3° -6° C) associated to severe cold and dry Bora wind. The result was the formation of extremely dense shelf water, further made possible by the very limited discharge of the Po river in the preceding autumn. As contribution to the Italian research programme RITMARE (Italian Research for the Sea), CNR-ISMAR set up a Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) experiment to study the occurrence, amount, timing and properties of the newly formed DSW. Setting up REA strategies is crucial for several scientific and practical reasons: (i) capturing extreme events to improve our understanding of natural systems in a global-change scenario; (ii) to evaluate their impact on marine systems and the biota; (iii) to address issues related to fluctuating fish stocks as well as (iv) C export and sequestration in the deep sea. The experiment was designed with an integrated approach, including modeling simulations, mooring deployments and quick-response oceanographic cruises. Based on numerical model ensemble, the arrival time of the DSW at the Gargano Cape was forecasted likely starting after March 15, 2012, thus moorings were deployed few days before. Five moorings were deployed in sites selected on the basis of modelling predictions and geology-driven inferences defining areas where the passage of dense shelf water is most likely to occur. Moorings were equipped with down-looking ADCPs, automatic sediment traps, temperature loggers, recorders of temperature, conductivity and

Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of cucumber in greenhouse Evapotranspiração e coeficiente de cultivo do pepino em ambiente protegido

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flávio F. Blanco

2003-08-01

. Hokushin, foram enxertadas em abóbora, transplantadas em canteiros em filas duplas e conduzidas na vertical em haste simples. As irrigações foram realizadas quando o potencial mátrico do solo atingia -30 kPa, o qual foi determinado pelo potencial mátrico médio a 0,15 e 0,30 m de profundidade e a lâmina de irrigação foi calculada com base em um minitanque de evaporação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições. A ETc e o Kc diminuíram linearmente com a salinidade da água de irrigação, com redução da ETc de 4,6% para cada unidade de salinidade. Devido à menor evapotranspiração nos tratamentos salinos, a percolação profunda aumentou com a salinidade da água e correspondeu a 4, 7 and 17% da lâmina total de água aplicada em S1, S2 e S3, respectivamente. Os valores medidos de Kc para S1 foram muito próximos dos valores estimados; portanto, o uso combinado de tensiômetros e tanque de evaporação foi adequado para o manejo da irrigação em ambiente protegido.

Application of radioisotopes to the investigation of the kinetics and mechanism of reactions of some inorganic complex compounds; Application des radioisotopes a l'etude de la cinetique et du mecanisme des reactions de certains complexes inorganiques; Primenenie radioizotopov k issledovaniyam kinetiki i mekhanizma reaktsij nekotorykh neorganicheskikh slozhnykh soedinenij; Aplicacion de los radioisotopos al estudio de la cinetica y del mecanismo de las reacciones de algunos complejos inorganicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harris, Gordon M [Department of Chemistry, University of Buffalo, Buffalo 14, NY (United States)

1962-03-15

estado de equilibrio, efectuada en la reaccion de intercambio de carbonatos. De la misma manera, los datos relativos al efecto cinetico de los isotopos en la hidratacion del ion Co(NH{sub 3}){sub 4}CO{sub 3}{sup +} catalizada por acidos han corroborado las teorias sobre el caracter de la fase de ruptura de enlaces, que determina la velocidad de estas reacciones. Por ultimo, los experimentos con trazadores radiactivos facilitan frecuentemente el estudio de las posiciones sucesivas de ciertos atomos o radicales en las reacciones inorganicas para las que existen diversas explicaciones teoricamente posibles. Como ejemplo puede citarse la demostracion de que en la oxidacion del ion tiocianato por peroxido de hidrogeno, el cianuro no es un producto intermedio que sufre un intercambio rapido a pesar de que constituye uno de los principales productos finales. (author) [Russian] Ispol'zovanie radioizotopov okazyvaet neotsenimye uslugi pri issledovanii khimicheskikh neorganicheskikh reaktsij samykh raznoobraznykh vidov i, v chastnosti, reaktsij so slozhnymi ionizirovannymi veshchestvami v vodnykh rastvorakh. Odnim iz vazhnykh metodov sluzhit izuchenie skorosti i mekhanizma protsessov izotopnogo obmena. Tak, naprimer, byl proveden ryad issledovanij obmen a mezhdu t.n. ''svobodnym'' karbonatom, mechennym uglerodom-14, i svyazyvayushchim karbonatom oktaehdral'nykh slozhnykh ionov tipa CoA{sub 2}CO{sub 3}{sup +}, gde A = 2 NH{sub 3}, ehtilendiamin (en), propilendiamin (pn) ili trimetilendiamin (tn). EHti issledovaniya priveli k dovol'no tochnomu ponimaniyu kharaktera reaktsij ehtogo roda po zamene svyazi, a takzhe roli v ehtoj reaktsii neuchastvuyushchikh v obmene svyazyvayushchikh aminovykh zven'ev. Analogichnye issledovaniya obmena oksalatov, provedennye so slozhnymi trioaksalatami tipa M (C{sub 2}O{sub 4}){sub 3}{sup -3}, gde M=Co (III), Cr (III) ili Br (III), dali stol' zhe plodotvornye rezul'taty. Drugim metodom, primenimym tol'ko v sluchae ispol'zovaniya radioizotopov s malym

Svojstva i struktura wolframkarbid-kobalt prevlake deponovane plazma-sprej postupkom

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mihailo Rade Mrdak

2013-10-01

faznom sastavu u odnosu na sastav polaznog praha, što se ne može izbeći. Promenu faznog sastava u deponovanim karbidnim prevlakama opisao je Saha,G.C. i dr. autori (Saha, et al., 2010, pp. 592-595 koji su objasnili uzrok faznih promena. Ispitivanjem faza nanokristalne prevlake WC17Co deponovane termičkim postupkom HVOF i polikristalne prevlake deponovane plazma-sprej postupkom,  ustanovljeno je da u obe prevlake dolazi do, manje ili više, razgradnje polazne faze WC u fazu W2C i W. Ovo razlaganje je izraženije kod plazme zbog viših temperatura. U strukturi polikristalne prevlake deponovane plazmom, pored faze WC uvek su prisutne i faze W2C,W,W3C i mešoviti karbid ή – Co3W3C (Saha, et al., 2010, pp. 592-595. Zbog inkorporiranja vazduha u mlaz plazme i njegovog uticaja na redukciju ugljenika iz karbida, depozicija praha radi se srednjom snagom napajanja plazma-pištolja i sa helijumom kao plazma gasom. Helijum kao plemeniti gas ima velike prednosti kao plazma gas u odnosu na druge gasove. Eksperimentalna istraživanja karakteristika mlazeva plazmi pokazala su da izoterme blizu izlaza iz anode imaju manji prečnik za plazmu Ar-He u odnosu na Ar-H2. Dužina izotermi je takođe manja kod plazme Ar-He zbog manje specifične entalpije i  većeg viskoziteta u odnosu na Ar-H2. Gušća plazma, kao što je Ar-He, može znatno da smanji inkorporiranje okolnog vazduha u mlaz plazme. Mešanje mlaza plazme sa okolnim vazduhom povećava se sa povećanjem jačine strujnog luka i protokom plazma gasa (Roumilhac, et al., 1988, pp. 105-119, (Roumilhac, Fauchais, 1988, pp. 121-126. Helijum zbog ovih osobina omogućuje deponovanje karbidnih prevlaka sa umanjenim procesom dekarburizacije i sa manjim sadržajem  pora. Osobine prevlaka su u direktnoj vezi sa parametrima depozicije. Prah WC17Co razvijen je za potrebe vazduhoplovne industrije. Prevlake na bazi WC17Co su otporne na habanje, abraziju, eroziju, koroziju i kavitaciju do 500°C (Material Product Data Sheet, 2011. U ovom

Methods of Particle Detection in Free Neutron Decay; Methode de detection des particules dans une desintegration de neutrons libres; Metod obnaruzheniya chastits pri raspade svobodnogo nejtrona; Metodo para la deteccion de particulas en la desintegracion de neutrones libres

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Novey, T B [Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL (United States)

1960-06-15

aboutir a un multiplicateur ordinaire a 10 etages et ses chicanes d'entree pour resolution angulaire. 4. Le systeme electronique qui isole dans les detecteurs les impulsions venant des detecteurs et ayant les caracteristiques voulues de frequence, de retard relatif et d'amplitude et permet ainsi d'identifier la des- integration d'un neutron. (author) [Spanish] En el Laboratorio de Argonne se ha llevado a cabo recientemente una serie de estudios experimentales sobre la desintegracion de neutrones polarizados, con el fin de elucidar las modalidades de la interaccion nuclear a bajas energias. Estos estudios han consistido en mediciones de la distribucion angular de electrones y protones con respecto al sentido del spin de los neutrones libres que sufren la desintegracion. Los componentes fundamentales del aparato que el autor describe en la memoria son: 1. Un espejo de hierro y cobalto, de un metro, que selecciona un haz de neutrones altamente polarizados y permite determinar el grado de polarizacion aplicando distintos procedimientos . 2. El detector de electrones, consistente en un mosaico de cristales de antraceno de 10 cm de diametro y 6 mm de espesor, y en un dispositivo de canalizacion luminosa. 3. El detector de protones, formado por un sistema multiplicador de electrones de 14 etapas, la primera de las cuales con una abertura de 15x15 cm, que va disminuyendo en cuatro pasos hasta una estructura multiplicadora usual de 10 etapas, y sus deflectores de entrada para lograr la resolucion angular. 4. El sistema electronico que selecciona los impulsos que, al ser adecuados los intervalos con que se suceden, su defasaje en tiempo y su amplitud, hacen posible la identificacion de una desintegracion neutronica. (author) [Russian] Nedavno Argonnskoj gruppoj byl zavershen ryad ehksperimental'nykh issledovanij po raspadu polyarizovannykh nejtronov s tem, chtoby prolit'svet na strukturu slabogo yadernogo vzaimodejstviya. EHti issledovaniya nosili formu izmereniya uglovykh

The effective lifetime and temperature coefficient in a coupled fast-thermal reactor; Temps de vie effectif et coefficient de temperature dans un reacteur a couplage neutrons rapides-neutrons thermiques; Ehffektivnyj srok zhizni i temperaturnyj koehffitsient nejtronov v dvoyakom reaktore na bystrykh i teplovykh nejtronakh; Vida efectiva y coeficiente de temperatura en un reactor con acoplamiento rapido-termico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haefele, W. [Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe (Germany)

1962-03-15

. Teplovoj komponent dejstvuet kak svoego roda zamedlitel' vremeni zhizni nejtronov. Kak i v teorii zapazdyvayushchikh nejtronov, ehffekt zapazdyvaniya ischezaet, esli reaktivnost' dostatochno vysoka, chtoby bystryj komponent stal kritichnym sam po sebe. V issledovanii rassmatrivalsya sparennyj reaktor, v kotorom bystryj komponent podvergaetsya dejstviyu vnezapnogo stupenchatogo skachka reaktivnosti {alpha}{sub 0}. Izza vozrastayushchego urovnya ehnergii temperatura podnimaetsya i nachinayut rabotat' dva temperaturnykh koehffitsienta: temperaturnyj koehffitsient bystrogo komponenta i temperaturnyj koehffitsient teplovogo komponenta. Ehta problema rassmatrivaetsya s odnoj gruppoj zapazdyvayushchikh nejtronov (v obychnom znachenii). Privoditsya formalizm dlya vyrazheniya ehffektivnogo sroka zhizni i temperaturnogo koehffitsienta vo vremya razlichnykh stadij issledovaniya. Dany takie otkloneniya dlya razlichnykh znachenij {alpha}{sub 0}, pri kotorykh dostigaetsya predel kinetiki reaktorov na bystrykh nejtronakh. (author)

CRECIMIENTO Y POTENCIAL REPRODUCTIVO DE LA BORA ( Eichhornia crassipes (Mart. Solms ( PONTEDER I ACEA E EN ALGUNAS LAGUNAS DE LA PLANICIE DE INUNDACIÓN DEL TRAMO MEDIO, RÍO ORINOCO, VENEZUELA I GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF WATER HYACINTH ( Eichhornia crassipes (Mart. SOLMS (PONTEDERIACEAE IN SOME LAGOONS AT FLOODPLAIN OF THE MIDDLE ORINOCO RIVER, VENEZUELA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julio C. Rodríguez R.

2018-05-01

Full Text Available The water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes grows naturally in some floodplains of the middle Orinoco River. Its widespread distribution and biomass is causing a great impact in the towns near these lentic ecosystems. The vegetative growth, floral biology and fecundity of E. crassipes were determined in the Castillero, Teja and Tejita lagoons near Caicara del Orinoco, from January to July 2005, during the dry season. Plants were placed at initial density of five rosettes in floating baskets in the floodplains and the number of daughter plants (g. m -2 and dry biomass m-2 were determined at fifteen, thirty, sixty and ninety days after seeding. The number of plants with and without flowers or fructified were counted in areas of the lagoons with the highest flowering intensity. The spatial distribution of stamens in relation to the stigma were observed in order to determine the presence of heterostyly. The number of water hyacinth plants and weight can double in an average of 20 and 24 days, respectively. The fastest growth rate (rossettes m -2 was found in January and February while the major growth rate in dry weight m-2 was recorded in February-May. It is frequent to find inflorescences in the dry season and occasionally in the wet season. From the kinds of heterostityly only plants with mesostyle flowers were found . The reproduction of water hyacinth is mainly vegetative and seeds are scarcely found in the capsules

The use of oxygen-14 in the study of positron polarization in a Fermi-type transition; Emploi de l'oxygene-14 pour l'etude de la polarisation des positions dans une transition du type Fermi; Ispol'zovanie kisloroda-14 dlya issledovaniya polyarizatsii pozitronov v prevrashcheniyakh tipa Fermi; Empleo del oxigeno-14 en el estudio de la polarizacion de los positrones en una transicion de tipo Fermi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmidt, F H; Gerhart, J B; Hopkins, J C; Bichsel, H; Stroth, J [University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

1962-01-15

The short-lived radioisotope O{sup 14} has been used in two experiments designed to determine the degree of polarization of the decay positrons. In the two-component theory of beta-decay, first proposed by Lee and Yang, the non-conservation of parity implies that positrons will have their spin angular momentum polarized in the direction of motion by an amount proportional to their velocity divided by the velocity of light. The proportionality constant depends upon the type of interaction responsible for the decay process. The properties of 72-sec O{sup 14} are suitable for a test of certain aspects of the theory. O{sup 14} decays from a zero-spin, even-parity state to another zerospin, even-parity excited state in N{sup 14}. Therefore, the decay is a pure Fermi-type. The O{sup 14} was produced by an N{sup 14} (p, n) O{sup 14} reaction in the University of Washington 60-in cyclotron by a continuous N{sub 2} flow system. O{sub 2} carrier gas was added to the N{sub 2}. After activation the gas passed through suitable filters to remove unwanted activities, and to combine the oxygen with hydrogen. The active water vapour was trapped at liquid N{sub 2} temperature on a copper rod to form a strong ( {approx} 10 mc) continuous source of 72-sec O{sup 14}. Decay positrons were energy-analysed in a small magnetic spectrometer. The longitudinal polarization of the positrons emerging from the spectrometer was studied by two methods. In the first the positrons impinged upon a plastic scintillator where some of them annihilated in flight. The more energetic annihilation quantum is circularly polarized in the same sense as that of the original positron. These gamma rays were Compton-scattered from magnetized iron and detected in a Nal(Tl) scintillation counter. An asymmetry in the scattering crosssection with the direction of magnetization is related to the original amount of positron polarization. In the second method the positrons were focussed upon a magnetized iron foil. The positron-electron, or Bhabha, scattering cross-section depends upon the sense of magnetization of the iron foil relative to the positron polarization. The scattered electron and positron were detected in plastic scintillation-counters operating in fast coincidence. For both methods the expected asymmetries are small, and long counting-periods were required. The results show that 1-MeV O{sup 14} positrons are right-handed polarized. The annihilation method gave the value (0.73 {+-} 0.17) v/c, the Bhabha scattering method gave (0.97 {+-} 0.19) v/c. The simplest theory predicts 1.00 v/c. I t is believed that the Bhabha scattering method is the more reliable, chiefly because the relation between asymmetry and polarization is easier to calculate. (author) [French] Le radioisotope oxygene-14 a courte periode a ete utilise au cours de deux experiences visant a determiner le degre de polarisation des positions de desintegration. Dans la theorie a deux composantes sur la desintegration beta, enoncee pour la premiere fois par Lee et Yang, la non-conservation de la parite implique que l'impulsion angulaire de spin des positions se polarisera dans le sens du mouvement selon une constante proportionnelle a leur vitesse divisee par la vitesse de la lumiere. Cette constante depend du type d'interaction responsable du processus de desintegration. Les proprietes de l'oxygene-14 (periode de 72 s) permettent de verifier experimentalement certains aspects de cette theorie. Lorsqu'un atoms de {sup 14}O se desintegre en {sup 14}N, il passe d'un etat de spin zero, de parite +1, a un autre etat excite, egalement de spin zero et de parite +1. Il s'agit donc d'une desintegration pure du type Fermi. Le {sup 14}O a ete produit par une reaction {sup 14}N (p, n) {sup 14}O realisee dans le cyclotron de 60 pouces de l'Universite de Washington au moyen d'un courant continu de N{sub 2} auquel on a ajoute de l'O{sub 2} comme entraineur. Apres activation, on a fait passer le gaz dans des filtres appropries pour eliminer les activites indesirables et combiner l'oxygene avec de l'hydrogene. La vapeur d'eau active a ete condensee a la temperature de l'azote liquide sur une barre de cuivre, de facon a constituer une source continue d'activite elevee ({approx}10mc) de {sup 14}O (periode de 72 s). L'energie des positons de desintegration a ete analysee dans un petit spectrometre magnetique. La polarisation longitudinale des positons emergeant du spectrometre a ete etudiee de deux facons. Dans le premier cas, les positons frappaient un scintillateur en plastique, et quelques-uns d'entre eux etaient annihiles en cours de vol. Le quantum d'annihilation le plus energique est polarise circulairement dans le meme sens que celui du positon initial. Ces rayons gamma subissaient une diffusion de Compton siu' du fer magnetise et etaient ensuite detectes au moyen d'un compteur a scintillation Nal (T1). L'asymetrie de la section efficace de diffusion par rapport au sens de la magnetisation est fonction de la polarisation initiale des positons. Dans le second cas, on a dirige les positons sur une feuille de fer magnetise. La section efficace de diffusion des positons-electrons (methode de Bhabha) depend alors du sens de la magnetisation de la feuille de fer par rapport a la polarisation des positons. Les electrons et les positons diffuses ont ete detectes au moyen de compteurs a scintillation en plastique, fonctionnant en coincidence rapide. Dans l'un et l'autre cas, les asymetries prevues sont faibles, et des periodes de comptage de longue duree sont necessaires. Les resultats obtenus indiquent que les positons de f MeV emis par le {sup 14}O sont polarises a droite. La methode d'annihilation donne la valeur de (0,73 {+-} 0,17) v/c; la methode de diffusion de Bhabha donne (0.97 {+-} 0,19) v/c. La theorie la plus simple prevoit 1,00 v/c. On pense que la methode de diffusion de Bhabha est la plus sure, car la relation entre l'asymetrie et la polarisation est plus facile a calculer. (author) [Spanish] El radioisotopo {sup 14}O, de periodo de semidesintegracion corto, se ha utilizado en dos experimentos destinados a determinar el grado de polarizacion de los positrones de desintegracion. En la teoria de los dos componentes de la desintegracion beta que enunciaron por primera vez Lee y Yang, la no conservacion de la paridad exige que el impulso angular del spin de los positrones se polarice en el sentido del movimiento en una cantidad proporcional a su velocidad dividida por la de la luz. La constante de proporcionalidad depende del tipo de interaccion al que se deba el proceso de desintegracion. Las propiedades del {sup 14}O de 72 segundos permiten comprobar experimentalmente algunos aspectos de esta teoria. Al desintegrarse en {sup 14}N el {sup 14}O pasa de un estado de spin cero y paridad + 1, a otro estado, excitado, de spin cero y paridad + 1. Por consiguiente, la desintegracion constituye lina transicion de tipo Fermi puro. El {sup 14}O fue obtenido mediante la reaccion {sup 14}N (p, n) O{sup 14} en el ciclotron de 60 pulgadas de la Universidad de Washington, por un sistema de flujo continuo de N{sub 2} al que se agrego O{sub 2} como gas portador. Despues de activado, el gas atraviesa unos filtros para eliminar las actividades indeseadas y para combinar el exigeno con hidrogeno. El vapor de agua activa fue condensado a la temperatura del N{sub 2} liquido sobre una varilla de cobre, para obtener una fuente continua de elevada intensidad (unos 10 mc) de {sup 14}O de 72 segundos. La energia de los positrones de desintegracion fue analizada con ayuda de un pequeno espectrometro magnetico. La polarizacion longitudinal de los positrones a la salida del espectrometro se estudio por dos metodos diferentes. En el primer metodo, los positrones inciden sobre un centelleador de material plastico en el que algunos de ellos son aniquilados en vuelo. El cuanto de aniquilacion, cuya energia es mayor, se polariza circularmente en el mismo sentido que el positron original. Estos rayos gamma son dispersados en hierro imantado por efecto Compton e identificados en un contador de centelleo de Nal(Tl). La asimetria de .la seccion eficaz de dispersion con respecto a la direccion de magnetizacion esta relacionada con la magnitud original de la polarizacion de los positrones. El segundo metodo consistio en dirigir los positrones sobre una lamina de hierro imantada. La seccion eficaz de dispersion positron-electron, o de Bhabha, depende del sentido de la magnetizacion de la lamina de hierro con respecto a la polarizacion de los positrones. Los electrones y positrones dispersos fueron detectados en contadores de centelleo, de material plastico, conectados a un circuito de coincidencias rapidas. En ambos metodos las asimetrias previstas son pequenas, lo cual exige periodos largos de recuento. Los experimentos han demostrado que los positrones de 1 MeV procedentes de {sup 14}O tienen polarizacion dextrogira. El metodo de aniquilacion dio un valor (0,73 {+-} 0,17) v/c; el metodo de dispersion de Bhabha dio (0,97 {+-} 0,19) v/c. La teoria mas simple predice un valor de 1,00 v/c. Se supone que el metodo de dispersion de Bhabha es el que da mejores resultados, sobre todo porque la relacion entre la asimetria y la polarizacion es mas facil de calcular. (author) [Russian] V dvukh ehksperimentakh radioizotop O{sup 14} s korotkim poluperiodom raspada byl vybran dlya opredeleniya stepeni polyarizatsii obrazuyushchikhsya pri raspade pozitronov. V svete teorii dvojnogo betaraspada, predlozhennoj vpervye Li i YAngom, nesokhranenie chetnosti ukazyvaet, chto spinovyj moment kolichestva dvizheniya pozitronov polyariziruetsya v napravlenii dvizheniya na kolichestvo, proportsional'noe ikh skorosti, delennoj na skorost' sveta. Postoyannaya proportsional'nosti zavisit ot roda vzaimodejstviya, vyzyvayushchego protsess raspada. Svojstva 72-sekundnogo O{sup 14} podkhodyat dlya proverki nekotorykh aspektov ehtoj teorii. Kislorod O{sup 14} raspadaetsya ot nulevogo spina, prokhodit cherez chetnoe sostoyanie, perekhodit k drugomu nulevomu spinu i prevrashchaetsya v N{sup 14} v vozbuzhdennom chetnom sostoyanii. Poehtomu raspad proiskhodit tochno po tipu Fermi. Kislorod O{sup 14} byl poluchen reaktsiej N{sup 14} (p, n) O{sup 14} v 60-dyujmovom tsiklotrone Vashingtonskogo universiteta s postoyannym potokom azota N{sub 2}. K N{sub 2} byl dobavlen nositel' O{sub 2} v gazoobraznom vide. Posle aktivizatsii gaz propuskalsya cherez sootvetstvuyushchie fil'try dlya udaleniya nezhelatel'noj aktivnosti i dlya obespecheniya soedineniya kisloroda s vodorodom. Aktivizirovannye vodyanye pary zakhvatyvalis' pri temperature zhidkogo azota N{sub 2} i ulavlivalis' na mednuyu palochku dlya obrazovaniya sil'nogo (okolo 10 millikyuri) postoyannogo istochnika 72-sekundnogo kisloroda O14. Obrazuyushchiesya pri raspade pozitrony analizirovalis' s tochki zreniya ikh ehnergii v nebol'shom magnitnom spektrometre. Dva metoda byli ispol'zovany dlya izucheniya prodol'noj polyarizatsii vykhodyashchikh iz spektrometra pozitronov. V pervom iz nikh pozitrony popadali v plasticheskij stsintillyator, gde nekotorye iz nikh unichtozhalis' na letu. Annigiliruyushchijsya kvant bolee vysokikh ehnergij polyariziruetsya vrashchatel'no v tom zhe samom napravlenii, chto i pervonachal'nye pozitrony. EHti gamma-luchi rasseivalis' iz namagnichennogo zheleza po Komptonu i podschityvalis' pri pomoshchi stsintillyatsionnogo schetchika s Nal(T). Assimetrichnost' poperechnogo secheniya rasseivaniya v zavisimosti ot napravleniya namagnichivaniya svyazana s pervonachal'noj stepen'yu polyarizatsii pozitronov. Vo vtorom metode pozitrony sosredotochenno napravlyalis' na namagnichennuyu zheleznuyu fol'gu. Poperechnoe sechenie rasseivaniya pozitronov-ehlektronov ili rasseivaniya Baba zavisit ot napravleniya namagnichivaniya zheleznoj fol'gi po otnosheniyu k polyarizatsii pozitronov. Rasseyannye ehlektrony i pozitrony obnaruzhivalis' pri pomoshchi plasticheskikh stsintillyatsionnykh schetchikov, rabotayushchikh s bystrym sovpadeniem. Dlya oboikh metodov ozhidaemaya dissimetrichnost' neznachitel'na, i trebuyutsya dlitel'nye promezhutki vremeni podscheta. Rezul'taty pokazyvayut, chto pozitrony O{sup 14} v 1 mehv polyariziruyutsya v napravlenii chasovoj strelki. Metod annigilyatsii daet znacheniya (0,73-0,17) v/c; metod rasseivaniya Baba daet (0,97-0,19) v/c. Prostejshaya teoriya predusmatrivaet 1,00 v/c. Nuzhno dumat', chto metod rasseivaniya Baba bolee nadezhen, glavnym obrazom potomu, chto sootnoshenie mezhdu assimetrichnost'yu i polyarizatsiej bolee legko poddaetsya raschetu. (author)

Radiotracer Approaches to Carbamate Insecticide Toxicology; Emploi des radio indicateurs pour l'etude de la toxicologie des insecticides a base de carbamates; Primenenie radioaktivnykh indikatorov dlya izucheniya toksikologii karbamatnykh insektitsidov; Estudio con radioindicadores de la toxico logia de los insecticidas a base de carbamatos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Casida, J. E. [University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

1963-09-15

metabolizma karbamatnykh insektitsidov. Sevin (1-naphtyl N-methylcarbamate) byl naibolee tshchatel'no izuchen parallel'no s vozmozhnymi produktami ego gidroliza. Issledovaniya s pomoshch'yu ugleroda-14 ne podtverdili gipotezy o tom, chto pri metabolizme sevina proiskhodit pervonachal'nyj gidroliz, a zatem dal'nejshee razlozhenie produktov gidroliza. Osnovnoj mekhanizm obezvrezhivaniya insektitsida v organizme mlekopitayushchikh i, veroyatno, nasekomykh zaklyuchaetsya v pervonachal'nom okislyayushchem vozdejstvii mikrosom na kehrbamaty v prisutstvii vosstanovlennogo nikotinamid-adenindi-nukleotid fosfata. Sevin bystro podvergaetsya raspadu u mlekopitayushchikh, no sud'ba nekotorykh produktov raspada eshche ne vyyasnena. Nekotorye iz produktov metabolizma mogut byt' obnaruzheny v moloke zhivotnykh. Odnoj iz stupenej metabolizma, po-vidimomu, yavlyaetsya obrazovanie proizvodnogo N-metilola. Predvaritel'nye issledovaniya metabolizma mechennogo radioaktivnymi veshchestvami dime-tilana (2-dimetilkarbamid-3-metilpirazolil-(5)-dimetilkarbamat) i metabolizma podobnogo soedineniya u tarakanov ukazyvaet takzhe na to, chto pri okislenii obrazuyutsya proizvodnye N-metila i N-metilola. Mnogoe ostaetsya sdelat' dlya vyyasneniya svyazi ehtikh reaktsij obezvrezhivaniya s mekhanizmom soprotivlyaemosti, dejstviem sinergistov, selektivnoj toksichnost'yu ehtoj gruppy insektitsidov, a takzhe s prirodoj i znacheniem ostatkov insektitsida. Metabolizm sevina, vvedennogo v rasteniya, nosit, veroyatno, takzhe skoree okislitel'nyj, a ne gidroliticheskij kharakter, ko kharakter produktov i fermentativnye mekhanizmy eshche ne ustanovleny. (author)

PREFACE: First Latin-American Conference on Bioimpedance (CLABIO 2012)

Science.gov (United States)

Bertemes Filho, Pedro

2012-12-01

) Finance Chairman Professor Nilson Campos (Santa Catarina State University) Marketing & Corporate Relations Professor Ana Watanabe (Santa Catarina State University) Pre-Conference Coordinator Dr Ørjan Grøttem Martinsen (University of Oslo) Chair IEEE EMB Dr Fernando Seoane Martinez (University of Boras) Sponsor logos

Health hazards of uranium dust from radioactive battlefields of the Balkan conflicts, Eastern Afghanistan and Iraq after the Gulf wars. Lessons for civil protection in the terrorist scenario of radiological dispersion devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Durakovic, A.; Klimaschewski, F.

2007-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify key health hazards of uranium dust from the radioactive battlefields (Balkan, Middle East and Eastern Afghanistan conflicts) to draw lessons for civil protection in the terrorist scenario of radiological dispersion devices (RDD). Gulf War I (GW I) in 1991 resulted in 350 metric tons of depleted uranium (DU) deposited in the environment and 3 to 6 million grams of DU aerosol dust particles released into the atmosphere, by the most conservative estimates. Its possible legacy (Gulf War disease) continues after the military conflicts (Operation Enduring Freedom, OEF, in Afghanistan and Gulf War II in Iraq). The symptoms of the multiorgan incapacitating progressive disease have been as numerous as their names, including incapacitating fatigue, musculoskeletal and joint pains, headaches, neuropsychiatric disorders, affects changes, confusion, visual problems, changes of gait, loss of memory, lympadenopathies, respiratory impairment, impotence, and urinary tract morphological and functional alterations. The disease is still a matter of controversy regarding etiology and pathogenesis of the syndrome commonly named Gulf War disease. It was underestimated and subsequently evolved in its clinical description through recognition of progressive symptomatology. Methods: UMRC's studies of the human contamination with uranium isotopes were conducted with the exposed subjects of Jalalabad, Spin Gar, Tora Bora, and Kabul areas in Afghanistan after OEF as well as Samawah, Baghdad and Basrah in Iraq after GW II. The urine samples of the subjects were analysed by the plasma mass spectrometry. The analytical methodology involved pre-concentration of the uranium using co-precipitation and/or evaporation, oxidation of organic matter, purification of uranium with ion exchange chromatography, and mass spectrometry with a double focusing Thermo-Elemental Plasma54 multi-collector ICP-MS equipped with a

Contrasting styles of post-caldera volcanism along the Main Ethiopian Rift: Implications for contemporary volcanic hazards

Science.gov (United States)

Fontijn, Karen; McNamara, Keri; Zafu Tadesse, Amdemichael; Pyle, David M.; Dessalegn, Firawalin; Hutchison, William; Mather, Tamsin A.; Yirgu, Gezahegn

2018-05-01

The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER, 7-9°N) is the type example of a magma-assisted continental rift. The rift axis is populated with regularly spaced silicic caldera complexes and central stratovolcanoes, interspersed with large fields of small mafic scoria cones. The recent (latest Pleistocene to Holocene) history of volcanism in the MER is poorly known, and no eruptions have occurred in the living memory of the local population. Assessment of contemporary volcanic hazards and associated risk is primarily based on the study of the most recent eruptive products, typically those emplaced within the last 10-20 ky. We integrate new and published field observations and geochemical data on tephra deposits from the main Late Quaternary volcanic centres in the central MER to assess contemporary volcanic hazards. Most central volcanoes in the MER host large mid-Pleistocene calderas, with typical diameters of 5-15 km, and associated ignimbrites of trachyte and peralkaline rhyolite composition. In contrast, post-caldera activity at most centres comprises eruptions of peralkaline rhyolitic magmas as obsidian flows, domes and pumice cones. The frequency and magnitude of events varies between individual volcanoes. Some volcanoes have predominantly erupted obsidian lava flows in their most recent post-caldera stage (Fentale), whereas other have had up to 3 moderate-scale (VEI 3-4) explosive eruptions per millennium (Aluto). At some volcanoes we find evidence for multiple large explosive eruptions (Corbetti, Bora-Baricha, Boset-Bericha) which have deposited several centimetres to metres of pumice and ash in currently densely populated regions. This new overview has important implications when assessing the present-day volcanic hazard in this rapidly developing region. Supplementary Table 2 Main Ethiopian Rift outcrop localities with brief description of geology. All coordinates in Latitude - Longitude, WGS84 datum. Sample names (as listed in Supplementary Table 3a) follow outcrop name

Application of radiochemistry to the preparation of high-purity silicon; Application de la radiochimie a la preparation de silicium de purete elevee; Primenenie radiokhimii dlya prigotovleniya kremniya vysokoj chistoty; Aplicacion de la radioquimica a la preparacion de silicio de elevada pureza

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ichimiya, Toeao; Baba, Hideo; Nozaki, Tadashi [Electrical Communication Laboratory, Musashino-Shi, Tokyo (Japan)

1962-01-15

concentracion de yodo en la corriente de gas empleado para la yoduracion, hallandose que este procedimiento podia aplicarse al control automatico de la reaccion de yoduracion a condicion de perfeccionar la tecnica utilizada. (author) [Russian] Radiokhimicheskie issledovaniya protsessa polucheniya kremniya vysokoj chistoty dlya ego ispol'zovaniya v kachestve poluprovodnika obespechili priobretenie razlichnogo roda poleznoj informatsii i metodov dlya razvitiya dannogo protsessa. Povedenie fosfora v kachestve primesi na ochistitel'noj stadii rekristallizatsii i na urovne zonal'noj ochistki izuchalos' putem ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnogo fosfora v kachestve mechenykh atomov i bylo vyyasneno, chto na kazhdoj stadii produkty gidroliza, nakhodyashchiesya v vzvesi s chetyrekhjodistym kremniem, igrayut vazhnuyu rol' v udalenii ne tol'ko fosfora, no i drugikh primesej. Byl ispol'zovan aktivatsionnyj analiz dlya opredeleniya kontsentratsii mysh'yaka na protyazhenii vsego protsessa i bylo ukazano, chto posle fraktsionnoj peregonki ona mozhet byt' snizhena do 10-13 chastej na million. Ukazyvalos' takzhe na osnovanii nejtronnogo aktivatsionnogo analiza, chto ehlementarnyj kremnij posle termicheskogo razlozheniya joda obychno soderzhit neskol'ko chastej joda na million, no ego kontsentratsiya mozhet byt' s pomoshch'yu prostogo sinteza snizhena na odin poryadok velichiny. Pogloshchenie myagkikh luchej bylo primeneno dlya opredeleniya kontsentratsii joda v jodistom potoke gaza i bylo najdeno, chto takoj printsip mozhet byt' primenen k avtomaticheskomu kontrolyu nad jodistoj reaktsiej s posleduyushchim razvitiem sootvetstvuyushchikh metodov. (author)

Measurement of the wear rate of cast grinding balls using radioactive tracers; Evaluation de l'usure des boulets pour concasseurs, au moyen des indicateurs radioactifs; Izmerenie skorosti iznosa litykh drobil'nykh sharov pri pomoshchi mechenykh atomov; Medicion de la velocidad de desgaste de bolas trituradoras de acero colado con ayuda de indicadores radiactivos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Keys, J D; Eichholz, G G [Department of Mines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa, ON (Canada)

1962-01-15

'nykh sharov v razlichnykh rabochikh usloviyakh i dlya sopostavleniya rezul'tatov, poluchaemykh s sharami raznykh tipov ili raznogo sostava, byli uspeshno ispol'zovany mechenye atomy. Na protyazhenii neskol'kikh nedel' bylo provedeno nablyudenie za partiej mechenykh stal'nykh sharov v drobil'noj rabote i byli sobrany statisticheskie dannye otnositel'no iznosa i poteri vesa. V khode opytnykh tsiklov do otlivki sharov k rasplavlennomu metallu byl dobavlen kobal't-60 i posle ehtogo bylo provedeno nablyudenie nad litymi sharami v ikh rabote na razrabotkakh zheleznoj rudy. Partiya mechenykh radioizotopami sharov byla dobavlena k drobil'nym sharam drobilki s normal'noj emkost'yu zagruzki priblizitel'no v 75 tonn, H cherez kazhduyu nedelyu iz drobilki vybiralis' obraztsy zagruzki dlya iz{sup y}atiya mechenykh sharov. EHti shary proveryalis' i vzveshivalis' i podschityvalas' skorost' ikh iznosa. EHtot metod okazalsya praktichnym sposobom issledovaniya svojstv iznosa v rabochikh usloviyakh na ustanovke. (author)

Preparative Radiation Chemistry of Transition Metal Complexes; Radiosynthese de complexes de metaux de transition; Radiatsionno-khimicheskij sintez kompleksnykh soedinenij perekhodnykh metallov; Radiosintesis de complejos de los metales de transicion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gustorf, E. Koerner Von; Jun, M. -J.; Koller, H.; Schenck, G. O. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kohlenforschung, Abteilung Strahlenchemie, Muelheim-Ruhr, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1963-11-15

aktivnosti. Provedeny sleduyushchie issledovaniya: 1) Radiatsionno-khimicheskij sintez {pi}-kompleksov metallov peremennoj valentnosti. Primerom mozhet sluzhit' poluchenie kompleksov angidrid maleinovoj kisloty + tetrakarbonil zheleza, diametilovyj ehfir fumarovoj kisloty + tetrakarbonil zheleza, metilovyj ehfir metakrilovoj kisloty + tetrakarbonil zheleza, vinilatsetat + tetrakarbonil zheleza i t.d. pri gamma-obluchenii ot kobal'tovogo istochnika Fe(CO){sub 5} s sootvetstvuyushchimi nenasyshchennymi soedineniyami. 2) Khimicheskie reaktsii v sluchae {pi}-kompleksov, poluchennykh pri radiatsionno-khimicheskom sinteze. Primerom mozhet sluzhit' polimerizatsiya vinilovykh soedinenij pri komnatnoj temperature pod dejstviem organicheskikh galogenovykh soedinenij na takie kompleksy, kak metilovyj ehfir metakrilovoj kisloty - tetrakarbonil zheleza, vinilatsetat - tetrakarbonil zheleza i t.d. 3) Sintez {pi}-kompleksov i karbonil'nykh soedinenij metallov peremennoj valentnosti pri obluchenii. Primerom mozhet sluzhit' gamma-obluchenie ot istochnika Co{sup 60} v srede galogenovykh uglevodorodov sleduyushchikh {pi}-kompleksov: [(C{sub 5}H{sub 5}) Fe], [(C{sub 5}H{sub 5}){sub 2}Ni], CH{sub 3}C{sub 5}H{sub 4}Mn(CO){sub 3}, (C{sub 5}H{sub 5})TiCl{sub 2}, Fe(CO){sub 5}, Ni(CO){sub 4}.

A 900-channel coincidence pulse-amplitude analyser; Selecteur d'amplitudes d'impulsions a coincidence a trois dimensions; Devyatisotkanal'nyj amplitudnyj analizator impul'sov sovpadeniya; Analizador de amplitud de impulsos de coincidencia con 900 canales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alexander, T K; Robinson, L B [Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, Ontario (Canada)

1962-04-15

, les huit de la distribution A definissent huit groupes de 100 canaux pour les distributions B. En effet, on aura dans ce cas un analyseur a 100 canaux pour la distribution A et huit analyseurs distincts a 100 canaux, sur lesquels B peut etre dirige. Le memoire decrit les circuits de base du codeur et la logique de la memoire et de l'element . (author) [Spanish] Se describe un analizador proyectado para estudios de correlacion entre las distribuciones de amplitudes de impulsos procedentes de dos contadores de centelleo. El analizador consiste en dos unidades transistorizadas: un convertidor analogico-digital de doble canal y una unidad almacenadora de nucleos de ferrita, con 900 canales y una capacidad de 2{sup 16} por canal. La unidad de control y lectura del instrumento esta separada del resto y puede ser colocada a cierta distancia del analizador. El funcionamiento del aparato para el analisis de impulsos coincidentes en las entradas A u V del convertidor puede ser regulado de manera que sea de 30 canales por 30 distribuciones, de 100 por 9, o de 300 por 3. En los dos ultimos casos las lineas de base y la anchura de las ''ventanas'' de amplitud de impulsos en la distribucion A pueden ser elegidas por el operador. Con 100 canales para el analisis de amplitud de impulsos, ocho ''ventanas'' en la distribucion A definen ocho grupos de 100 canales para las distribuciones B. En este caso se dispone, en efecto, de un analizador de 100 canales para la distribucion A y de ocho analizadores separados de 100 canales para la distribucion B. Se describen los circuitos basicos del convertidor y se explica la logica de las unidades de almacenamiento y lectura. (author) [Russian] Opisyvaetsya analizator, prednaznachennyj dlya issledovaniya sootnosheniya raspredeleniya amplitud impul'sov dvukh stsintillyatsionnykh schetchikov. Analizator sostoit iz d v u kh otdel'nykh sektsij, rabotayushchikh na tranzistorakh, dvukhkanal'nogo kodirovochnogo

Gamma-radiography of the bronze door of the royal cathedral at Gniezno; Gammagraphy de la porte en bronze de la cathedrale royale de Gniezno; Gamma-radiorentgenografiya bronzovykh dverej korolevskogo kafedral'nogo sobora v Gnezno; Gammagrafia de la puerta de bronce de la real catedral de Gniezno

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Godlewski, Z [Polska Akademia Nauk, Warsaw (Poland)

1962-01-15

dvukh stvorov, razlichnykh kak po kharakteru barel'efa, tak i po razmeram i sposobu proizvodstva. Na litsevoj storone kazhdogo stvora dverej imeetsya devyat' panelej so skul'pturnymi izobrazheniyami. Vse izobrazheniya na kazhdom stvore okruzheny ornamental'nym poyasom, kotoryj v svoyu ochered' okruzhen vystupayushchimi zubtsami. Issledovanie srednevekovoj tekhniki otlivki takogo bol'shogo ob{sup e}kta predstavlyalo interes kak s tochki zreniya istorii iskusstva, tak i s tochki zreniya istorii lit'ya. V dannom sluchae trebovalos' ustanovit', byla li sdelana otlivka vsego ob{sup e}kta v odin priem ili po chastyam, a takzhe vyyasnit', kakim obrazom rasplavlennyj metall podavalsya v litejnye izlozhnitsy. Pomimo ehtogo, rentgenologi khoteli znat', v kakoj stepeni rentgenograficheskie issledovaniya mogut razreshat' takogo roda problemy. Dlya togo, chtoby poluchit' rentgenovskij snimok dveri, prishlos' pribegnut' k gamma-rentgenografii. Dlya ehtogo byl ispol'zovan izotop tseziya Cs{sup 137} i bylo snyato okolo 100 rentgenogramm. (author)

Elements of a thermic method of preparing beta-sources with fused carriers, including strontium-90; Elements d'une methode thermique de preparation de sources beta avec des entraineurs fondus, y compris le strontium-90; Osnovy termicheskogo metoda prigotovleniya beta-istochnikov s plavlennymi nositelyami, vklyuchayushchimi strontsij-90; Bases de un metodo termico de preparacion de fuentes beta con portadores fundidos, incluido el estroncio-90

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bogdanov, N I; Zakharova, K P; Zimakov, P V; Kulichenko, V V

1962-01-15

avtomaticheskogo kontrolya i regulirovaniya proizvodstvennykh protsessov. Tekhnologicheskij protsess izgotovleniya istochnikov osnovan na obezvozhivanii smesi, sostoyashchej iz radioaktivnogo rastvora azotnokislogo strontsiya i komponentov tipa bornogo angidrida, okisi kremniya, okisi alyuminiya i dr. Termicheskaya obrabotka obezvozhennoj smesi pri vysokoj temperature privodit k obrazovaniyu legkopodvizhnogo rasplava, posle okhlazhdeniya kotorogo poluchaetsya steklovidnaya massa, vklyuchayushchaya v sebya neobkhodimye kolichestva radioizotopa Sr{sup 90}. Privodyatsya dannye i obsuzhdayutsya rezul'taty issledovaniya protsessa obezvozhivaniya sistemy SrO-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2} v intervale temperatur' 100 - 1000{sup o} i obosnovyvaetsya vybor osnovnykh parametrov tekhnologicheskogo protsessa. Izlagayutsya osnovy metoda naneseniya steklovidnogo preparata s neobkhodimym kolichestvom radioizotopa Sr{sup 90} na podlozhki razlichnykh form i razmerov iz stali, keramiki i drugikh materialov. Rassmatrivayutsya osnovnye parametry, kharakterizuyushchie nadezhnost' i bezopasnost' v ehkspluatatsii razlichnykh tipov istochnikov i privodyatsya dannye po istochnikam na osnove Sr{sup 90}, izgotavlivaemym termicheskim metodom. (author)

Microbiological Studies on the Influence of Combined Processes of Heat and Irradiation on the Survival of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var. Ellipsoideus; Etudes Microbiologiques sur l'Influence d'un Traitement Mixte par Chauffage et Irradiation sur la Survie de Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var. Ellipsoideus; Mikrobiologicheskie issledovaniya vliyaniya sovmestnykh protsessov nagreva i oblucheniya na vyzhivanie saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var. Ellipsoideus; Estudios Microbiologicos de la Influencia del Calentamiento e Irradiacion Combinados Sobre la Supervivencia del Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var. Ellipsoideus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stehlik, G.; Kaindl, K. [Institute for Biology and Agriculture, Reaktorzentrum, Seibersdorf (Austria)

1966-11-15

In the framework of the Seibersdorf International Programme on Irradiation Preservation of Fruit and Fruit Juices one of the main items of research deals with the problem of the radiosensitization of microorganisms. To study the effect of heat and irradiation treatments on the survival of yeast cells (colony formation), a highly radioresistant strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus, grown in a semi-synthetic nutrient medium, was given a combined treatment of heating and gamma irradiation ({sup 60}Co source) at the beginning of its log phase. The heat treatment was applied either immediately before, during or immediately after the irradiation process. The temperature was varied between 20 Degree-Sign C and 52.5 Degree-Sign C. The irradiation treatment was carried out with a dose range of up to 0.3 x 10{sup 6} rad in a well-aired glass tube. The inhibiting effect of this combined treatment depends upon the sequence of heating and irradiation and shows the following results: the most effective combination is the simultaneous treatment of heating and irradiation; less effective is this combination wherein irradiation at room temperature follows the heating procedure; and most ineffective is the heating after irradiation at room temperature. The combined heat/irradiation treatment results in survival curves (survival fractions) which are straight lines in relation to the irradiation dose at a semi-logarithmic scale in the temperature range between room temperature and 45 Degree-Sign C. Above 45 Degree-Sign C the curves show, at doses lower than 30 krad, an increase of the survivals compared with the unirradiated sample. By comparing the slopes of the survival curves obtained at different temperatures, one can see that in the case of irradiation at temperatures higher than 40 Degree-Sign C there is a high synergistic effect for the simultaneous treatment, e.g. about 2 orders of magnitude at 150 krad. Based on these results the technological possibilities of this treatment are under investigation on apple and grape juice. (author) [French] L'un des principaux sujets de recherche inscrits au programme international sur la conservation des fruits et jus de fruits par irradiation, execute a Seibersdorf, est le probleme de la radiosensibilisation des micro-organismes. En vue d'etudier l'effet d'un traitement par la chaleur et l'irradiation sur la survie des cellules de levures (formation de colonies), une souche a forte radioresistance - Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus - cultivee sur un milieu nutritif semi-synthetique, a ete soumise des le debut de sa phase logarithmique a un traitement combine par chauffage et irradiation gamma (source au cobalt-60). Le traitement thermique a ete applique, soit immediatement avant l'irradiation, soit pendant ou immediatement apres celle-ci. On a fait varier la temperature entre 20 et 52,5 Degree-Sign C. Pour l'irradiation, effectuee dans Bullet un tube en verre bien aere, on a utilise des doses allant jusqu'a 0, 3 x 10{sup 6} rad. L'effet d'inhibition de ce traitement mixte depend de l'ordre de succession du chauffage et de l'irradiation; les resultats obtenus sont les suivants: la combinaison la plus efficace est un traitement simultane par chauffage et irradiation; la combinaison qui consiste a faire suivre le chauffage d'une irradiation a la temperature ambiante est moins efficace; le moindre effet a ete obtenu par chauffage apres irradiation a la temperature ambiante. Le traitement mixte chaleur/irradiation donne des courbes de survie (fractions d'organismes survivants) qui sont des lignes droites ayant pour coordonnees la dose d'irradiation a une echelle semi-logarithimique, et la temperature dans l'intervalle compris entre la temperature ambiante et 45 Degree-Sign C. Au-dessus de 45 Degree-Sign C, les courbes indiquent, a des doses inferieures a 30 krad, un accroissement du nombre des survivants par rapport a l'echantillon non irradie. En comparant les pentes des courbes de survie obtenues a des temperatures differentes, on constate que, dans le cas d'une irradiation a une temperature superieure a 40 Degree-Sign C, le traitement simultane produit un effet synergique prononce, qui atteint deux ordres de grandeur pour 150 krad. En partant de ces resultats, on procede actuellement a une etude des possibilites techniques de ce traitement sur des jus de pomme et de raisin. (author) [Spanish] Uno de los principales temas de investigacion incluidos en el programa internacional relativo a la irradiacion de frutas y zumos de fruta que se viene ejecutando en Seibersdorf se refiere al problema de la radio- sensibilizacion de microorganismos. Para estudiar los efectos del tratamiento termico y del tratamiento por irradiacion sobre la supervivencia de las celulas de levadura (formacion de colonias), se sometio a un tratamiento combinado de aplicacion de calor y de irradiacion gamma (fuente: {sup 60}Co), al comienzo de su fase de desarrollo logaritmico, una cepa de elevada radiorresistencia -Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus - cultivada en un medio nutritivo semisintetico. El calor se aplico inmediatamente antes de la irradiacion, durante esta o inmediatamente despues. Las temperaturas estuvieron comprendidas entre 20 y 52,5 Degree-Sign C. La irradiacion se realizo con dosis de hasta 0,3 x 10{sup 6} rad, en un tubo de vidrio, bien aireado. El efecto inhibidor de este tratamiento combinado depende del orden en que se suceden la aplicacion del calor y la irradiacion, habiendose llegado a las siguientes conclusiones: la combinacion mas eficaz consiste en simultanear el tratamiento termico con el tratamiento por irradiacion; esta combinacion resulta menos eficaz cuando la irradiacion a la temperatura ambiente tiene lugar a continuacion del tratamiento termico; la combinacion de eficacia minima consiste en proceder al tratamiento termico despues de haberse efectuado la irradiacion a la temperatura ambiente. El tratamiento termico combinado con la irradiacion se traduce en un grafico de supervivencia (fracciones de supervivencia) que presenta la forma de linea recta en funcion de la dosis de irradiacion en una escala semilogantmica para el intervalo de temperaturas comprendido entre la temperatura ambiente y 45 Degree-Sign C. Por encima de los 45 Degree-Sign C las lineas revelan un aumento de las supervivencias, en comparacion con la muestra no irradiada, para dosis inferiores a 30 krad. Comparando las pendientes de las lineas de supervivencia obtenidas a distintas temperaturas, puede observarse que en el caso de una irradiacion a temperaturas superiores a 40 Degree-Sign C se produce un acusado efecto. (author) [Russian] V ramkah mezhdunarodnoj programmy Zajbersdorfskoj laboratorii po oblucheniju fruktov i fruktovyh sokov s cel'ju ih sohranenija odnim iz naibolee vazhnyh issledovanij javljaetsja radiacionnaja sensibilizacija mikroorganizmov. Dlja izuchenija vlijanija termicheskoj obra tki i obluchenija na vyzhivanie drozhzhevyh kletok (obrazovanie kolonii) vysokoustojchivaja k radiacii raznovidnost' Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus, vyrashhennaja v polusinteticheskoj pitatel'noj srede, podvergalas' v nachale log-fazy svoego razvitija kombinirovannoj obrabotke nagrevom i gamma-oblucheniem (istochnik - kobal't-60). Nagrev proizvodilsja ili neposredstvenno pered processom obluchenija, ili odnovremenno s nim, ili posle nego. Temperatura menjalas' ot 20 do 52,5 Degree-Sign C. Obluchenie velos' v horosho produtoj vozduhom stekljannoj trubke v intervale doz do 0,3 x 10{sup 6} rad. Ingibirujushee vlijanie takoj obrabotki zavisit ot posledovatel'nosti nagreva i obluchenija. Bylo ustanovleno sledujushhee: naibolee jeffektivnym javljaetsja odnovremennoe provedenie nagreva i obluchenija; menee jeffektivnym javljaetsja obluchenie pri komnatnoj temperature posle nagreva; naimenee jeffektivnym okazalsja nagrev posle obluchenija pri komnatnoj temperature. V rezul'tate kombinirovannoj termicheskoj i radiacionnoj obrabotki byli sostavleny grafiki vyzhivanija (frakcii vyzhivanija), predstavljajushhie soboj prjamye linii otnositel'no doz radiacii v polulogarifmicheskom masshtabe v intervale temperatur ot komnatnoj do 45 Degree-Sign C. Pri temperature vyshe 45 Degree-Sign C v dozah menee 30 krad grafiki pokazyvajut uvelichenie vyzhivaemosti po sravneniju s neobluchennymi obrazcami. Sravnivaja naklon krivyh vyzhivanija, poluchennyh pri razlichnyh temperaturah, mozhno zametit', chto pri obluchenii pri temperaturah vypce 40 Degree-Sign C nabljudaetsja sil'nyj sinjergeti - cheskij jeffekt, naprimer na dva porjadka pri 150 krad. Na osnovanii poluchennyh rezul'tatov sejchas izuchajutsja tehnologicheskie vozmozhnosti takoj obrabotki jablochnyh i vinogradnyh sokov. (author)

Dossiê - 3º Simpósio Brasileiro de Comunicação Científica – SBCC, 2012.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcio Matias

2012-12-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2012v17nesp2piii Márcio Matias (CIN/UFSC Moisés Lima Dutra (CIN/UFSC O 3º Simpósio Brasileiro de Comunicação Científica (SBCC – Perspectivas em Acesso Aberto – Cenários para 2020, foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC, no campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, em Florianópolis, nos dias 5 e 6 de junho de 2012. O objetivo do evento foi de proporcionar à comunidade acadêmica discussões sobre a comunicação científica com foco nas perspectivas de acesso aberto/livre e preservação digital. O SBCC é uma iniciativa do Departamento de Ciência da Informação (CIN e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação (PGCIN da UFSC, e no início dos trabalhos, a Comissão Organizadora convidou o Professor Dr. Hélio Kuramoto, do IBICT, para compor o Comitê Científico do evento. Nesta edição, além de abrir a recepção de trabalhos científicos sobre os temas de acesso aberto e preservação digital, o evento contou com a presença dos seguintes pesquisadores nacionais e estrangeiros para proferir palestras e participar de mesas-redondas sobre estes temas: •\tElena Maceviciute - Universidade de Boras (Suécia •\tLeslie Chan - Universidade de Toronto (Canadá •\tSely Costa - Universidade de Brasília (UnB •\tHélio Kuramoto - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT •\tNelson Pretto - Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA/ Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência (SBPC •\tSolange Maria dos Santos - Membro do Colegiado do Scielo Às nove horas do dia cinco de junho de 2012, terça-feira, a abertura do 3º SBCC foi realizada no auditório da reitoria. A cerimônia de abertura contou com a presença das seguintes autoridades da UFSC: Professora Dra. Joana Maria Pedro, Pró-Reitora de Pós-Graduação, Professor Dr. Jamil Assereuy Filho, Pró-Reitor de Pesquisa, da Professora Dra. Vera Lúcia Bazzo, Diretora do Centro

Dossiê - 3º Simpósio Brasileiro de Comunicação Científica – SBCC, 2012.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moisés Lima Dutra Correio

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Márcio Matias (CIN/UFSC Moisés Lima Dutra (CIN/UFSC O 3º Simpósio Brasileiro de Comunicação Científica (SBCC – Perspectivas em Acesso Aberto – Cenários para 2020, foi realizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC, no campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, em Florianópolis, nos dias 5 e 6 de junho de 2012. O objetivo do evento foi de proporcionar à comunidade acadêmica discussões sobre a comunicação científica com foco nas perspectivas de acesso aberto/livre e preservação digital. O SBCC é uma iniciativa do Departamento de Ciência da Informação (CIN e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação (PGCIN da UFSC, e no início dos trabalhos, a Comissão Organizadora convidou o Professor Dr. Hélio Kuramoto, do IBICT, para compor o Comitê Científico do evento. Nesta edição, além de abrir a recepção de trabalhos científicos sobre os temas de acesso aberto e preservação digital, o evento contou com a presença dos seguintes pesquisadores nacionais e estrangeiros para proferir palestras e participar de mesas-redondas sobre estes temas: • Elena Maceviciute - Universidade de Boras (Suécia • Leslie Chan - Universidade de Toronto (Canadá • Sely Costa - Universidade de Brasília (UnB • Hélio Kuramoto - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT • Nelson Pretto - Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA/ Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência (SBPC • Solange Maria dos Santos - Membro do Colegiado do Scielo Às nove horas do dia cinco de junho de 2012, terça-feira, a abertura do 3º SBCC foi realizada no auditório da reitoria. A cerimônia de abertura contou com a presença das seguintes autoridades da UFSC: Professora Dra. Joana Maria Pedro, Pró-Reitora de Pós-Graduação, Professor Dr. Jamil Assereuy Filho, Pró-Reitor de Pesquisa, da Professora Dra. Vera Lúcia Bazzo, Diretora do Centro de Ciências da Educação, da Professora Dra. Gleisy

The resolving limit of a three-diode coincidence circuit; Limite de resolution d'un circuit de coincidence a trois diodes; Predel razreshayushchej sposobnosti trekhdiodnoj skhemy sovpadeniya; Poder de resolucion de un circuito de coincidencia de tres diodos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De Vries, H [University of Marburg, Marburg, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1962-04-15

muestra como los resultados experimentales coinciden bien con la teoria. (author) [Russian] Dlya issledovaniya predela razreshayushchej sposobnosti trekhdiodnoj skhemy sovpadeniya po De Benedetti i Richingsu byl ispytan polnyj pribor sovpadenij, sostoyashchij iz diodnoj yachejki, usilitelya, amplitudnogo diskriminatora i monovibratora pri impul'sakh s vremenem narastaniya v 10{sup -9} sekund i s osnovnoj prodolzhitel'nost'yu v 2 x 10{sup -9} sekundy. Izmeryalis' amplitudy, a takzhe vychislyalis' integraly impul'sov, poluchaemye pri vykhode iz usilitelya; krome togo, stroilis' krivye razresheniya v zavisimosti ot predstavlyayushchikh naibol'shij interes parametrov (amplituda vkhodyashchikh impul'sov, soprotivlenie pri vkhode v usilitel', rezhim raboty diodov i t.d.). Dlya ob{sup y}asneniya izmerenij proveden ryad issledovanij. Byla vyvedena, v chastnosti, krivaya razreshayushchej sposobnosti pribora sovpadenij i bylo podschitano vremya razresheniya. Bylo ustanovleno, kakim obrazom diodnaya yachejka, pomekhi usilitelya i soglasovanie usilitelya s diodnoj yachejkoj privodyat k opredeleniyu vremeni razresheniya pribora sovpadenij. Analiz izmerenij i teoreticheskie rezul'taty pokazali, chto pri optimal'nykh usloviyakh trekhdiodnyj pribor sovpadenij pozvolyaet dostich' naimen'shego predela vremeni razresheniya v 10{sup -11} sekund. Privodyatsya dannye o proiskhozhdenii krivoj razreshayushchej sposobnosti i soobshchayutsya rezul'taty izmerenij. Ukazyvaetsya na khoroshee sovpadenie ehksperimental'nykh dannykh s teoreticheskimi vykladkami. (author)

The use of radioactive inserts in the study of metal deformation during tube-making processes; Emploi de fils metalliques radioactifs pour l'etude des deformations des metaux pendant la fabrication de tubes; Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnykh vtulok dlya izucheniya deformatsii metallov pri protsesse izgotovleniya trub; Empleo de insertos radiactivos en el estudio de la deformacion de los metales durante la fabricacion de tubos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Davison, W H.T. [Tube Investments Research Laboratories, Cambridge (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

experimental, que es aplicable a los estudios sobre deformacion de los metales en general. En este metodo es preciso localizar el inserto radiactivo con un error no mayor de un milimetro, lo que exige un poder de resolucion superior al que requieren normalmente las tecnicas de exploracion medica. Se examinan los problemas correspondientes en terminos de energia gamma, diseno del colimador y discriminacion de energias. (author) [Russian] V nastoyashchej rabote rassmatrivaetsya vopros ob ispol'zovanii radio- aktivnykh vtulok pri izuchenii deformatsii stali v pirsing-protsesse s pomoshch'yu goryachego rotatsionnogo metoda. ZHeleznaya ili stal'naya provoloka aktiviruetsya v reaktore, pomeshchaetsya v truby, pro- sverlennye v zheleznykh ili stal'nykh zagotovkakh, kotorye zatem podvergayutsya obrabotke v normal'nykh proizvodstvennykh usloviyakh. Tshchatel'noe nablyudenie pokazyvaet, chto radiatsionnoe obluchenie i zagryazneniya ustanovki sovershenno neznachitel'ny. Posle okhlazhdeniya zagotovki podvergayutsya analizu v laboratorii putem primeneniya kollimirovannogo stsintillyatsionnogo schetchika, raspolozhennogo perpendikulyarno k poverkhnosti prosverlennoj zagotovki; krivye izodoz pokazyvayut formu deformiro- vannoj radioaktivnoj vtulki, raspolozhennoj pod pryamym uglom k poverkhnosti truby. Drugoj grafik poluchaetsya ot podobnogo roda razvertki uchastka, nakhodyashchegosya pod pryamym uglom k osi truby; pri pomoshchi dvukh poluchennykh grafikov poluchaetsya kartina v trekh izmereniyakh. V dokumente privodyatsya nekotorye rezul'taty, no osnovnoe vnimanie v nem udelyaetsya metodam provedeniya ehksperimentov, kotorye shiroko ispol'zuyutsya pri izuchenii defor- matsii metallov. Vtulki dolzhny byt' raspolozheny na rasstoyanii millimetra ili okolo ehtogo, dlya chego trebuetsya bolee vysokaya razreshayushchaya sposobnost' po sravneniyu s normal'nymi metodami issledovaniya, primenyaemymi v meditsine. Problemy dostizheniya ehtogo ras- smatrivayutsya v nastoyashchem doklade v zavisimosti

Preliminary experiments on the use of radioactive indicators in macromolecular chemistry; Experiences preliminaires sur l'utilisation des indicateurs radioactifs en chimie macromoleculaire; Predvaritel'nye opyty ispol'zovaniya radioaktivnykh indikatorov v makromolekulyarnoj khimii; Ensayos preliminares sobre el empleo de indicadores radiactivos en quimica macromolecular

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

De Brouckere, L; Van Leemput, R; Stein, R [Laboratoire de Chimie Generale II, Universite Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium)

1962-03-15

concentracion; c) la cantidad de polimero que se difunde depende de la permeabilidad de la membrana; d) se observa una adsorcion practicamente irreversible del polimero en la membrana (30 a 40 {mu}g cm{sup 2}). (author) [Russian] Pri izuchenii osmoticheskikh yavlenij s ispol'zovaniem vysokikh polimerov osoboe znachenie predstavlyayut dve prichiny oshibok: a) diffuziya nizkomolekulyarnykh polimerov cherez membranu; b) adsorbtsiya polimera na membrane. Dlya issledovaniya oboikh ehtikh yavlenij metod radioaktivnykh indikatorov predstavlyaet nesomnennye preimushchestva nad obychnymi i gorazdo menee chuvstvitel'nymi vesovymi metodami. V provedennykh avtorami doklada opytakh byl ispol'zovan geterodispersnyj obrazets polimera (poli)-khlorobutilakrilata, kotoryj byl khlorirovan s pomoshch'yu Cl{sup 36} posredstvom ionizatsii, iskhodya iz obraztsa (poli)-butilakrilata. Ehtot polimer rastvo- ryaetsya v atsetone. Byli postroeny diffuzionnye kamery, analogichnye dvuyacheechnym osmometram. Rastvor otdelyalsya ot rastvoritelya tselofanovymi membranami, obrabotannymi tak, chtoby davat' pronitsaemost' ot 6,7 x 10{sup -5} ch{sup -1} do 30,6 x 10{sup -5} ch{sup -1} Bylo najdeno, chto: a) s nashim oborudovaniem ponadobilos' okolo 200 chasov dlya togo, chtoby v opytakh diffuzii dostich' ravnovesiya ili ustojchivogo sostoyaniya; b) dolya polimera, diffundiruyushchaya cherez membranu v opredelennyj promezhutok vremeni, ne zavisit ot kontsentratsii; c) kolichestvo diffundiruyushchego polimera zavisit ot pronitsaemosti membrany; d) nablyudalas' pochti neobratimaya adsorbtsiya polimera na membrane (30-40 {mu}g/cm{sup 2}). (author)

Editorial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcio Matias

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Prezados Leitores, Nesta edição especial, a Encontros Bibli publica os trabalhos apresentados no 3º Simpósio Brasileiro de Comunicação Científica (SBCC, realizado na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC, em Florianópolis, nos dias 5 e 6 de junho de 2012. É uma grande satisfação estabelecer parceria com este evento, pois o SBCC é um importante fórum que agrupa especialistas, promove discussões e o compartilhamento de informações relacionadas à área de comunicação científica. Nesta edição de 2012, o evento concentrou-senos temas de acesso aberto, acesso livre e preservação digital, com foco em Perspectivas em Acesso Aberto – Cenários para 2020. O trabalho que abre esta edição fundamentou a palestra da professora pesquisadora Elena Maceviciute da Universidade de Boras - Suécia, e também da Universidade Vilnius - Lituânia, e destaca diversos questionamentos e alternativas para a preservação digital. Em seguida, temoso resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a produção científica brasileira relacionada ao tema principal do evento:Mapeamento da produção científica brasileira sobre Acesso Aberto: 2001 A 2011, elaborado por Fábio Mascarenhas Silva, Natanael Vitor Sobral, Guilherme Alves Santana eTatyane Lucia Cruz. Na sequência, são apresentados mais quatro trabalhos focados especificamente em Acesso Aberto: Serviços de difusão de políticas para o acesso aberto: Sherpa/Juliet, Melibea e ROARMAP, de Michelli Costa, Bianca Amaro e Tainá Assis; Acesso aberto à informação científica e direito autoral: ações e contradições, de Maria Naires Alves de Souza, Denyse Maria Borges Paes, Rafael Gomes Fernandes, Francisco Welton Silva Rios; A influência do Open Access nas comunidades Acadêmicas da Área de Biblioteconomia no Nordeste do Brasil, deVirgínia Bárbara Aguiar Alves; e Definição de uma política de acesso aberto para a Universidade Federal da Bahia. Susane Santos Barros, Flávia Goulart Mota

Use of radioactive tracers in studying the transport of solids in watercourses; Emploi de traceurs radioactifs pour l'etude du transport solide dans les cours d'eau; Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnykh indikatorov dlya izucheniya peremeshcheniya tverdykh chastits v vodnykh potokakh; Empleo de indicadores radiactivos para el estudio del transporte de solidos en las corrientes de agua

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Courtois, G [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France); Jaeery, P; Heuzel, M [Laboratoire National d' Hydraulique de Chatou (France)

1962-01-15

aplicacion de los indicadores radiactivos a los estudios sobre modelos a escala reducida con el doble proposito de: a) disponer de un procedimiento de investigacion comun para los estudios efectuados sobre el terreno y en los modelos a escala reducida, con el objeto de poder controlar la fidelidad del modelo durante los ensayos de calibracion; b) aprovechar las ventajas que ofrecen los modelos a escala reducida en cuanto a facilidad de observacion y mediciones directas, para estudiar las posibilidades de mejorar el metodo de los indicadores, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la obtencion de datos cuantitativos. (author) [Russian] Natsional'naya gidravlicheskaya laboratoriya, vyrabotavshaya v sotrudnichestve s TSentrom yadernykh issledovanij v Sakle pribory i metody izucheniya dvizheniya donnykh otlozhenij pri pomoshchi metoda radioaktivnykh indikatorov, prilagaet v nastoyashchee vremya usiliya k tomu, chtoby osushchestvit' dejstvitel'no kolichestvennyj sposob issledovanij. Za poslednee vremya bylo provedeno dva opyta v prirodnykh usloviyakh v rekakh; pervyj iz nikh byl posvyashchen izucheniyu uvlecheniya gal'ki vodami Rony, a drugoj - izucheniyu peremeshcheniya peska v reke Niger. Parallel'no s poslednim opytom byli provedeny identichnye ispytaniya na makete reki Niger, sozdannom v laboratorii v SHatu. V ehtikh opytakh bylo ispol'zovano izluchenie margantsa-56 i natriya-24, vyzvannoe neposredstvennoj aktivatsiej tolchenoj kostochki abrikosa, izobrazhavshej v ispytaniyakh na makete prirodnye donnye otlozheniya Nigera. Sovmestnye usiliya laboratorii v SHatu i TSentra yadernykh issledovanij v Sakle napravleny v nastoyashchee vremya na primenenie metoda radioaktivnykh indikatorov k opytam na maketakh s dvojnoj tsel'yu: a) Vyrabotat' odinakovye metody issledovaniya v prirodnykh usloviyakh i na makete dlya proverki tochnosti maketa v stadii opytov po ehtalonirovaniyu; b) Ispol'zovat' legkost' vedeniya nablyudenij i proizvodstva neposredstvennykh izmerenij na maketakh dlya

Reactivity coefficients by perturbation theory; Calcul des coefficients de re activite par la theorie des perturbations; Koehffitsienty reaktivnosti, opredelennye pri pomoshchi teorii vozmushchenij; Determinacion, de coeficientes de reactividad con ayuda de la teoria de las perturbaciones

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Webster, J W [International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria)

1962-03-15

(MCBR). Al calcular la reactividad, se comprueba que el coeficiente correspondiente a la densidad neta del mercurio en el primer proyecto del MCBR es negativo en algunas regiones, y positivo en otras. Es negativo en las regiones de peso estadistico maximo y en las que los cambios de densidad serian mayores al variar la potencia. Por lo tanto, el coeficiente global de densidad del mercurio es negativo, esto es, el coeficiente de vacios es positivo, lo que constituye una condicion que implica peligro. En la formulacion de dos grupos, se aprecia facilmente que modificaciones es preciso introducir en el diseno para que el coeficiente de cavidad sea negativo. Nuevas investigaciones demostraron que era posible introducir dichas modificaciones, lograndose establecer para el MCBR un diseno cuyo coeficiente de vacios es negativo. (author) [Russian] Razvitie formuly teorii vozmushchenij daet khoroshuyu vozmozhnost' ispol'zovat' odin iz glavnykh metodov matematicheskogo issledovaniya, t.e. proizvesti dejstvie po analogii ot prostogo k bolee slozhnomu. V ehtom doklade: a) Rassmatrivaets ya formulirovka teorii vozmushchenij v kachestve metoda rascheta koehffitsientov reaktivnosti. On sostoit, glavnym obrazom, iz razvitiya differentsial'nog o uravneniya dlya sopryazhennogo potoka kak postoyannoj funktsii polozheniya i letargii, vyvodimoe po analogii ot odnoj gruppy differentsial'nog o uravneniya dlya sopryazhennogo potoka. b) Daetsya primenenie dvukhgruppovoj formy teorii vozmushchenij dlya kipyashchego reaktorarazmnozhitelya na bystrykh nejtronakh s rtutnym teplonositelem (MCBR). Vidno, chto koehffitsient reaktivnosti rtuti nizshej plotnosti v khode pervogo ispytaniya proekta MCBR yavlyaetsya otritsatel'nym dlya nekotorykh oblastej i polozhitel'nym dlya drugikh. Odnako on yavlyaetsya otritsatel'nym dlya oblastej naivysshego statisticheskogo vesa i tam, gde izmenenie plotnosti s izmeneniem ehnergii okazyvaetsya naibol'shim. Obshchij koehffitsient plotnosti rtuti yavlyaetsya, takim

Wholesomeness and Public Health Research in the United States Atomic Energy Commission Food Irradiation Programme; Recherches sur la Comestibilite et la Sante Publique au Titre du Programme d'Irradiation des Produits Alimentaires de la Commission de l'Energie Atomique des Etats-Unis; Issledovaniya bezvrednosti obluchennykh pishchevykh produktov i svyazannykh s nimi problem zdravookhraneniya po programme komissii po atomnoj ehnergii ssha v oblasti oblucheniya pishchevykh produktov; Programa de Irradiacion de Alimentos de la Comision de Energia Atomica de los Estados Unidos: Investigaciones Sobre Comestibilidad u Sanidad Publica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Whitehair, L. A. [Division of Biology and Medicine, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC (United States)

1966-11-15

To assess the biological safety of foods which are of interest to the Atomic Energy Commission's irradiated food program, studies have been sponsored by the Commission's Division of Biology and Medicine since 1961. Wholesomeness, microbiological and biochemical studies have been undertaken with a view to complementing data derived from developmental, economic and technological research studies sponsored by the Commission's Division of Isotopes Development. When these aspects appear feasible for specific low-dose irradiated foods, studies are initiated to provide relevant data required by the United States Food and Drug Administration before final judgements can be made on petitions for unlimited human consumption. Toxicity studies on several species of animals which are fed diets containing up to 35 Degree-Sign (dry solids basis) of the irradiated food in question have been included in this program. Investigations of two years duration on animals (rats, dogs and chickens) provide data concerning food consumption, growth rate, enzyme systems, haematology, gross pathology and histopathology. Shorter-term studies of a confirmatory nature on two animal species (rat and dog) are employed in certain cases when the irradiated food in question is sufficiently related to foods which have previously undergone long-term toxicity studies. Results to date of chronic toxicity studies on soft-shell clams and subacute toxicity studies on strawberries, apples, pears, sweet cherries, apricots, plums and onions are discussed. Microbiological studies have been concentrated primarily on potentially pathogenic organisms. Studies have been in progress to evaluate carefully the conditions governing radiation and heat resistance, sporulation, outgrowth and toxin production of Clostridium botulinum Type E. The natural incidence of Type E organisms in certain marine products and ocean environments is being investigated. Findings in the microbiological studies are discussed. Studies to date have indicated that the general outlook for wholesomeness of irradiated foods is favourable. Toxicity evaluations are currently being initiated on bananas, mangoes and papayas. Research efforts on Clostridium botulinum, Types E and F, Salmonellae and other potentially pathogenic organisms will continue. (author) [French] Afin de determiner le degre de securite biologique des produits alimentaires qui presentent un interet pour le programme de la Commission de l'energie atomique relatif aux produits alimentaires irradies, la Division de biologie et medecine de la Commission a organise des recherches depuis 1961. Des etudes ont ete entreprises sur la comestibilite, la microbiologie et la biochimie en vue de completer les donnees fournies par les travaux dans les domaines des realisations, de l'economie et de la technique organises par la Division des isotopes de la Commission. Lorsque les resultats obtenus semblent applicables a des produits alimentaires particuliers irradies a faible dose, des etudes sont entreprises pour fournir les donnees pertinentes requises par le service de controle des produits alimentaires et pharmaceutiques des Etats-Unis avant que des decisions definitives soient prises concernant les demandes visant a autoriser la consommation illimitee d'un produit par le public. Ce programme comprenait des etudes de toxicite sur plusieurs especes d'animaux soumis a des regimes alimentaires comprenant jusqu'a 35% (en matiere solide seche) du produit alimentaire irradie considere. Des recherches d'une duree de deux ans sur des animaux (rats, chiens et poulets) fournissent des donnees sur la consommation alimentaire, la croissance, les enzymes, l'hematologie, la pathologie generale et l'histo- pathologie. Des etudes a court terme, aux fins de confirmation, sur deux especes animales (rats et chiens) sont faites dans certains cas lorsque le produit alimentaire irradie considere a suffisamment de points communs avec des produits qui ont precedemment fait l'objet d'etudes de toxicite a long terme. Les donnees fournies jusqu'a ce jour par les etudes de toxicite chronique sur une variete de palourdes et par les etudes de toxicite subaiguee sur les fraises, les pommes, les poires, les cerises, les abricots, les prunes et les oignons font l'objet d'un examen critique. Les etudes microbiologiques ont porte principalement sur les organismes potentiellement pathogenes. L'auteur a poursuivi des etudes pour proceder a une evaluation minutieuse des conditions qui regissent la resistance aux rayonnements et a la chaleur, la sporulation, le developpement et la production de toxines de Clostridium botulinum E. L'auteur fait actuellement des recherches sur l'incidence naturelle d'organismes du type E dans certains produits marins et dans le milieu marin. Les constatations faites au cours des etudes microbiologiques font l'objet d'un examen critique. Les etudes effectuees jusqu'a present ont indique que les perspectives d'ensemble concernant la comestibilite des produits alimentaires irradies sont favorables. On entreprend actuellement des evaluations de toxicite sur les bananes, les mangues et les papayes. Les recherches se poursuivront sur Clostridium botulinum E et F, Salmonellae et autres organismes pathogenes. (author) [Spanish] Desde 1961 la Division de Biologia y Medicina de la Comision de Energia Atomica de los Estados Unidos viene patrocinando estudios con objeto de evaluar la seguridad biologica de los productos alimenticios de interes para el programa de irradiacion de alimentos que esta llevando a cabo. Se han emprendido investigaciones sobre comestibilidad y estudios microbiologicos y bioquimicos para complementar los datos proporcionados por las investigaciones experimentales, economicas y tecnologicas patrocinadas por la Division de Aplicaciones de los Isotopos de la misma Comision. Cuando se considera que esas cuestiones ofrecen perspectivas favorables en el caso de alimentos especificos sometidos a bajas dosis de, radiaciones, se emprenden encuestas para obtener la informacion que exige la Food and Drug Administration de los Estados Unidos antes de pronunciarse definitivamente sobre las peticiones de autorizacion para la venta al publico sin restricciones. Este programa comprende estudios sobre toxicidad en varias especies de animales a los que se administran dietas que contienen, hasta el 35% (sustancia solida seca) de alimentos irradiados. Se efectuan en animales (ratas, perros y pollos) investigaciones de dos anos de duracion que proporcionan datos sobre consumo de alimentos, ritmo de crecimiento, sistemas enzimaticos, hematologia, patologia e histopatologia. En algunos casos, se realizan estiidios mas cortos, con fines de comprobacion, en dos especies animales (ratas y perros), cuando el alimento irradiado tiene suficientes analogias con alimentos cuya toxicidad ha sido ya detenidamente estudiada. En la memoria se exponen los resultados de estudios sobre toxicidad cronica realizados hasta la fecha con almejas de valvas delgadas, y sobre toxicidad subaguda realizados con fresas, manzanas, peras, cerezas, albaricoques, ciruelas y cebollas. Los estudios microbiologicos versan principalmente sobre organismos potencialmente patogenos. Se estan estudiando minuciosamente las condiciones determinantes de la resistencia a las radiaciones y al calor, de la formacion de esporas, de la excrecencia y de la produccion de toxinas en el Clostridium botulinum, Tipo E. Se esta investigando la presencia, en condiciones naturales, de microorganismos del tipo E en ciertos productos y medios marinos. En la memoria se exponen las conclusiones de estos estudios microbiologicos. Los estudios realizados hasta la fecha indican, Inverted-Question-Mark n general, que en lo que respecta a la comestibilidad de los alimentos irradiados las perspectivas son favorables. Se esta investigando la toxicidad en platanos, mangos y papayas. Proseguiran los trabajos sobre el Clostridium botulinum, Tipos E y F, las Salmonellae y otros microorganismos potencialmente patogenos. (author) [Russian] S 1961 goda Otdel biologii i mediciny Komissii organizuet issledovanija po ocenke biologicheskoj bezopasnosti pishhevyh produktov, kotorye predstavljajut interes s tochki zrenija programmy Komissii po atomnoj jenergii v oblasti obluchenija pishhevyh produktov. Issledovanija, svjazannye s bezopasnost'ju, mikrobiologicheskimi i biohimicheskimi aspektami obluchenija produktov, provodjatsja, chtoby dopolnit' dannye tehnicheskih i jekonomicheskih issledovanij, osushhestvlennyh izotopnym otdelom Komissii. Kogda jeto predstavljaetsja osushhestvimym v otnoshenii opredelennyh pishhevyh produktov, obluchennyh malymi dozami, to provodjatsja issledovanija s cel'ju poluchenija sootvetstvujushhih dannyh, kotorye trebuet administracija pishhevyh produktov i lekarstv v svjazi s prinjatiem okonchatel'nogo reshenija v otnoshenii pros'by o shirokom proizvodstve togo ili inogo produkta dlja naselenija. V jetu programmu vkljucheny issledovanija toksichnosti na nekotoryhidah zhivotnyh, v racione kotoryh soderzhalos' do 35% (suhoe tverdoe veshhestvo) ukazannyh obluchennyh pishhevyh produktov. Rezul'taty dvuhletnih issledovanij na zhivotnyh (krysy, sobaki i kury) dajut dannye otnositel'no potreblenija pishhevyh produktov, intensivnosti razvitija, fermentnyh sistem, gematologii, patologii i gistopatologii. Menee prodolzhitel'nye issledovanija, svjazannye s dvumja vidami zhivotnyh (krysami i sobakami), provodilis' dlja poluchenija podtverzhdajushhih dannyh v teh sluchajah, kogda opredelennyj obluchennyj pishhevoj produkt imeet dostatochnuju svjaz' s pishhevymi produktami, kotorye ranee byli podvergnu- . ty prodolzhitel'nym issledovanijam v otnoshenii toksichnosti. Obsuzhdajutsja poslednie rezul'taty issledovanij hronicheskoj toksichnosti u molljuskov, a takzhe issledovanij neostroj toksichnosti klubniki, jablok, grush, chereshni, abrikosov, sliv i luka. Mikrobiologicheskie issledovanija sosredotocheny glavnym obrazom na potencial'no patogennyh organizmah. V nastojashhee vremja provodjatsja issledovanija s cel'ju tshhatel'noj ocenki uslovij, opredeljajushhih radioustojchivost' i teploustojchivost', sporuljaciju, rost i obrazovanie toksinov u Clostridium Botulinum, tip E. Issleduetsja prirodnaja rasprostranennost' organizmov tipa E v nekotoryh morskih chroduktah i okeanskoj srede. Obsuzhdajutsja rezul'taty mikrobiologicheskih issledovanij. Poslednie issledovanija pokazali, chto obshhie perspektivy bezvrednosti obluchenija pishhevyh produktov javljajutsja blagoprijatnymi. V nastojashhee vremja proizvoditsja ocenka toksichnosti bananov, mango, papaji i tomatov. Budut prodolzheny issledovanija, svjazannye s Clostridium Botulinum, tipy E i F, a takzhe salmonelloj i drugimi potencial'no patogennymi organizmami. (author)

Diffusion, recrystallization and phase transformations; Diffusion, recristallisation et changements de phase; Diffuziya, rekristallizatsiya i fazovye prevrashcheniya; Difusion, recristalizacion y cambios de fase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bokshtejn, S Z; Gubareva, M A; Kishkin, S T; Moroz, L M

1962-01-15

rekristallizatsii, a takzhe posle polimorfnogo {alpha} {r_reversible} {gamma} prevrascheniya, atomy granits iskhodnykh zeren ne smeshchayutsya na znachitel'nye rasstoyaniya. Analogichno, atomy primesi (radioaktivnyj uglerod), raspolozhennye na granitsakh iskhodnogo zerna, ne perekhodyat na granitsy novykh zeren rekristallizovannogo metalla. V otlichie ot ehtogo plasticheskaya deformatsiya soprovozhdaetsya znachitel'nym peremeshcheniem atomov, raspolozhennykh na granitse zerna. Poluchennye dannye pokazyvayut, chto peremeshchenie granits zeren pri rekristallizatsii i pri posleduyushchem roste zeren svyazano s nekotorym spetsificheskim mekhanizmom, otlichnym ot obychnogo diffuzionnogo. Pokazano, chto strukturnye izmeneniya, protekayushchie v splavakh pri vysokikh temperaturakh, mogut izmenyat' skorost' protsessov samodiffuzii i geterodiffuzii. V rezul'tate issledovaniya diffuzionnykh protsessov v titane i ego splavakh v zavisimosti ot polimorfnogo sostoyaniya ustanovleno, chto skorost' protsessa v razlichnykh kristallicheskikh modifikatsiyakh titana sil'no otlichaetsya. EHtim snimaetsya sushchestvovavshee protivorechie mezhdu vysokoj temperaturoj plavleniya titana i otnositel'no nizkoj ehnergiej aktivatsii protsessa diffuzii v titane. (author)

A Low-Background Liquid-Scintlllation Counter for the Assay of Low-Specific Activity Tritiated Water; Compteur a scintillations a liquides, a faible mouvement propre, pour le dosage d'eau tritiee en faible activite specifique; ZHidkostnyj stsintillyatsionnyi schetchik s nizkim fonom dlya analiza nasyshchennoj tritiem vody s nizkoj udel'noj aktivnost'yu; Contador de centelleador liquido de reducida actividad de fondo para el analisis de agua pritiada de baja actividad especifica

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boyce, I S; Cameron, J F [Wantage Research Laboratory, Wantage (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

emana del fotocatodo del fotomultiplicador. Utilizando dos fotomultiplicadores con fotocatodos de pyrex en contacto, encerrados en un blindaje de hierro de 20 cm de espesor, hicieron experimentos para determinar la importancia relativa de las siguientes posibles causas de la actividad de fondo: a) Ionizacion y excitacion del gas residual y de las superficies del dinodo semiconductor, especialmente en las regiones en que la densidad de corriente es maxima; b) Formacion de chispas, electroluminiscencia y emision de campo; c) Realimentacion de iones positivos al fotocatodo, que provoca una emision de electrones, secundarios ; d) Funcionamiento de la propia ventana fotocatodica en caracter de ''fosforo'' para la radiacion cosmica, las particulas del {sup 40}K o las radiaciones de los productos de filiacion del uranio. Los autores comprobaron que, en particular, el factor c) interviene en una proporcion mucho menor que lo que se habia supuesto. Estudiaron metodos para reducir a un minimo estos efectos, incluyendo el uso de fotocatodos de cuarzo y fotomultiplicadores especiales. Con el dispositivo disenado por los autores, la minima actividad especifica detectable, con un tiempo de recuento de 30 min, asciende a 6 x 10{sup 7}{mu}c/ml. (author) [Russian] Pri schege zhidkostnykh stsintillyatsij nasytsennoj tritiem vody schetchiki s odnim fotoumnozhitelem i sistemy sovpadenij dayut pokazaniya sravnitel'noj chuvstvitel'nosti. Dlya issledovaniya scheta izlucheniya maloj intensivnosti byla primenena sistema sovpadenij dlya togo, chtoby izbezhat' neopredelennosti v fone, vyzyvaemom izmeneniemi odnogo fotona v rezul'tate fosforestsentsii i khimicheskoj lyuminestsentsii v rastvore. Bylo obnaruzheno, chto vozniknovenie fona v ehtoj sisteme ob{sup y}asnyaetsya glavnym obrazom dejstviem sveta, iskhodyashchego iz fotokatoda fotoumnozhitelya. Byli provedeny ksperimenty s primeneniem dvukh fotoumnozhitelej s fotokatodami Pireks v kontakte s zheleznym ehkranom tolshchinoj v 8 dyujmov dlv

Biological Effects of Thermal Neutrons and the B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7} reaction; Effets Biologiques des Neutrons Thermiques et la Reaction {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li; Biologicheskoe dejstvie teplovykh nejtronov i reaktsiya B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7}; Efectos Biologicos de los Neutrones Termicos y la Reaccion {sup 10}B(n, {alpha}){sup 7}Li

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Archambeau, J. O.; Alcober, V.; Calvo, W. G.; Brenneis, H. [Medical Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY (United States)

1964-05-15

-izluchenija, pojavljajushhegosja pri zahvate teplovyh nejtronov jelementami tkani i jekranirujushhih materialov, a takzhe gamma-izluchenija i obluchenija bystrymi nejtronami, pojavljajushhimisja pri processah delenija v aktivnoj zone reaktora. Konechnyj rezul'tat obluchenija teplovymi nejtronami javljaetsja funkciej padajushhego potoka nejtronov. Poskol'ku plotnost' potoka teplovyh nejtronov v tkani bystro padaet (sloj polovinnogo pogloshhenija Approximately-Equal-To 1,8 sm), dlja obespechenija vysokih doz v glubine na poverhnost' dolzhny popadat' bol'shie dozy. Pojetomu reakcii legkih, kishechnika, kostnogo mozga i slizistoj obolochki zavisjat glavnym obrazom, ot gamma-obluchenija v rezul'tate zahvata nejtronov vyshelezhashhimi tkanjami. Obluchenie golovy u sobak pri nejtronnom potoke 1.4 x 10{sup 14}/cm{sup 2} privodit k jepiljacii, jeriteme i vlazhnoj deskvamacii s soputstvujushhim ugneteniem krovotvorenija. Odnako v techenie 25-30 dnej na''ljudaetsja vosstanovlenie dejatel'nosti kostnogo mozga i izlechenie kozhnyh porazhenij. Pri nejtronnom obluchenii zhivotnyh 5 x 10{sup 13} n/cm{sup 2} cherez 30 minut posle vnutrivennogo vvedenija 35 mg/kg bora-10 u zhivotnyh nabljudaetsja nekroticheskij jepidermit, otek kozhi golovy i kon{sup j}unktivit. B mozgu obnaruzhivajutsja kapiljarnye krovoizlijanija i staz s povrezhdeniem nejtronov i astrocitov i narusheniem jendotileja kapilljarov. Znachitel'no umen'shaetsja chislo trombocitov, kotoroe usugubljaet mestnye izmenenija. Zhivotnye pogibajut ot krovotechenij i/ili mozgovyh narushenij na 5 -8-j den' posle obluchenija. Jeti jeffekty svjazyvajut kak s gamma- tak i s al'fa-oblucheniem, voznikajushhim pri zahvate nejtronov borom (B{sup 10}(n, {alpha}) Li{sup 7}). Obluchenie kozhi svinej pri 5 x 10{sup 12} n/cm{sup 2} ne privodit k gistologicheskim izmenenijam. Pri obluchenii kozhi posle vnutrivennogo vvedenija 35 mg/kg bora-10 pri takoj zhe moshhnosti nejtronnogo potoka razvivaetsja klassicheskij radio-jepidermit, izlechivajushhijsja cherez36 -40 dnej

Sample Preparations Used in Biomedical Research and Training at the Special Training Division of the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies; Methodes de Preparation d'Echantillons Employees dans la Recherche et la Formation Biologiques et Medicales a la Division de Formation Speciale de l'Institut d'Etudes Nucleaires d'Oak Ridge; Prigotovlenie obraztsov dlya biomeditsinskikh issledovanij i dlya uchebnykh tselej v otdele spetsial'noj podgotovki okridzhskogo instituta yadernykh issledovanii; Metodos de Preparacion de Muestras Aplicados en las Investigaciones Biomedicas y en la Capacitacion Profesional de la Division de Formacion Especial del Instituto de Estudios Nucleares de Oak Ridge

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akers, L. K. [Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1965-10-15

ambientales lleva a cabo una labor considerable de preparacion de muestras muy delgadas que permiten alcanzar una resolucion mas elevada de los espectros alfa. Para ello se utilizan procedimientos de deposito electrolitico a partir de mezclas disolventes. Se efectuan mediciones con una bateria especial de contadores Fairstein-Frisch de rejilla conectados a un analizador de 512 canales para el registro simultaneo de mas de un espectro. Tambien se utilizan detectores de estado solido y se comparan los resultados obtenidos con detectores de rejilla y de semiconductores. (author) [Russian] Pri osushhestvlenii issledovatel'skih i uchebnyh programm Otdela special'noj podgotovki ispol'zujut samye raznoobraznye metody prigotovlenija obrazcov. Oni vkljuchajut kak prostye derzhateli istochnikov, naprimer metallicheskie, kartonnye i plastmassovye, tak i ustrojstva dlja osazhdenija, v kotoryh ispol'zujutsja derzhateli iz nerzhavejushhej stali i steklovolokna, a takzhe special'nye derzhateli istochnikov dlja izmerenija obrazcov v zhidkostnyh schetchikah. Krome jetih metodov, razrabotan rjad metodov, predstavljajushhih osobyj interes pri izuchenii biomedicinskih problem. Odnim iz naibolee vazhnyh iz jetih metodov javljaetsja ispol'zovanie kataliticheskogo sinteza benzola, kotoryj razrabotan do takoj stepeni, chto obshhij vyhod sostavljaet bolee 90% . Jetot sintez mozhno ispol'zovat' dlja uglerodnyh soedinenij, predstavljajushhih interes pri provedenii jeksperimentov s indikatornymi kolichestvami i izuchenii problem opredelenija vozrasta. Poskol'ku sintez svjazan s polucheniem dvuokisi ugleroda na odnoj stadii i s gidrataciej metallicheskogo karbida na drugoj stadii, ego mozhno ispol'zovat' libo dlja izmerenija ugleroda-14 ili tritija, libo ih odnovremennogo izmerenija vo vremja jeksperimentov s dvojnym mecheniem. Znachitel'naja rabota prodelana v oblasti aktivacionnogo analiza biologicheskih materialov, v chastnosti, po osushhestvleniju radiojekologicheskih programm Otdela. Opisyvajutsja

Some recent developments in the application of radioisotope techniques in Australia; Progres recents dans l'application des methodes radioisotopiques en Australie; Poslednie dostizheniya v oblasti primeneniya radioizotopov v Avstralii; Recientes progresos realizados en Australia en las aplicaciones tecnicas de los radioisotopos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gregory, J N [Australian Atomic Energy Commission Research Establishment, Sutherland, N.S.W. (Australia)

1962-01-15

pomoshch'yu kalibrovannykh podvodnykh stsintillyatsionnykh schetchikov. EHti ehksperimenty pokazali takzhe, chto na potoki bolee drugikh faktorov vliyaet veter. Pri otsutstvii vetra zametnaya chast' teploj vody peresekaet poverkhnost' bassejna i vnov' popadaet na ehlektrostantsiyu v techenie 3-4 chasov. EHto ukazalo na konstruktsionnyj defekt v skheme pogloshcheniya, kotoraya byla zatem usovershenstvovana. Daetsya takzhe opisanie issledovaniya skhemy potokov v bassejne Bakha dlya rastvorov sakhara-syrtsa. Goryachij rastvor syrtsa posle obrabotki izvest'yu vvoditsya cherez edinstvennyj podayushchij truboprovod v verkhnej chasti, a ochishchennyj rastvor vykhodit cherez trubo- provody na shesti razlichnykh urovnyakh. Tverdye veshchestva berutsya so dna. V podayushchij kanal bylo vvedeno okolo 5 millikyuri broma-82 v rastvore, i poyavlenie mechenykh atomov bylo izmereno kolichestvenno ehkranirovannymi stsintillyatsionnymi detektorami v kazhdoj iz shesti vyvodnykh trub. Analiz raspredeleniya aktivnosti po vremeni v kazhdom truboprovode yasno ukazal na kharakter potoka v bassejne. Nakonets, opisyvayutsya rezul'taty izucheniya voprosa o koehffitsiente poleznogo dejstviya protsessa smeshivaniya v smeshivayushchem apparate spiral'nogo tipa. (author)

Direct measurement of the half-life of Rb{sup 87}; Mesure directe de la periode du rubidium-87; Pryamoe izmerenie poluraspada rubidiya-87; Medicion directa del periodo del {sup 87}Rb

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McNair, A; Wilson, H W [United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Aldermaston, Berks. (United Kingdom)

1962-01-15

'zovaniya: i) 4-{pi} proportsional'nogo schetchika dlya istochnika s bol'shoj poverkhnost'yu ploshchadi ({pi}o 100 cm{sup 2}), ii) operatsii antisovpadeniya dlya umen'sheniya fona i iii) obogashchennogo rubidiya-87, kotoryj umen'shaet tolshchinu istochnika dlya dannoj aktivnosti. EHtimi metodami izmeryalis' istochniki do 5 mikrogramm/cm{sup 2}. Issledovalas' takzhe svyaz' mezhdu periodom poluraspada i tolshchinoj istochnika s tem, chtoby mozhno bylo vnesti popravku dlya ochen' neznachitel'nogo ostavshegosya pogloshcheniya. EHffekt podkladki tolshchiny istochnika ne tak uzh bol'shoj i mozhet byt' vychislen iz: i) raznosti v skorostyakh scheta na lyuboj storone ispol'zuemykh tonkikh opor i ii) issledovaniya zavisimosti perioda poluraspada ot tolshchiny opor istochnika. EHti ehksperimenty dayut velichinu okolo 5,25 x 10{sup 10} let dlya perioda poluraspada. (author)

The Role of Non-Destructive Testing in the Los Alamos Reactor Programme; Role des Essais Non Destructifs dans le Programme de Reacteurs de los Alamos; Rol' nedestruktivnykh ispytanij materialov v Los-Alamosskoj reaktornoj programme; Papel de los Metodos de Ensayo No Destructivo en el Programa de Reactores de Los Alamos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tenney, G. H. [University of California, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States)

1965-10-15

prokatannogo lista iz slitka. Osushhestvljalsja takzhe kontrol' za svarnymi shvami. Byl razrabotan metod proverki potenciala jelektroda dlja kontrolja zolotyh poverhnostej dlja obnaruzhenija soderzhashhihsja zagrjaznenij. Osnovnaja koncepcija LARJeRP (Los-Alamosskij reaktornyj jeksperiment s rasplavlennym plutoniem) zakljuchaetsja v ispol'zovanii v kachestve topliva skoree zhidkogo, chem tverdogo metallicheskogo plutonija. Tantalovye kapsuly soderzhali toplivo. Byli ispol'zovany novye metody kontrolja bez razrushenija dlja proverki prochnosti osnovnogo materiala i svarok vo vremja proizvodstva kapsul, a takzhe dlja izuchenija kapsul, zapolnennyh plutoniem do, vo vremja i posle kontrolja metodom ohlazhdennoj plavki. Za jeksperimentom po perekachke rasplavlennogo plutonija nabljudali s pomoshh'ju radiograficheskih metodov, vkljuchaja gamma- luchi, svjazannye s konturom televedenija. Dlja RJeUVT (Reaktornyj jeksperiment pri ul'tra-vysokojtemperature), kotoryj v nastojashhee vremja nahoditsja v stadii stroitel'stva, byli provedeny mikroradiograficheskie i jelektronno-mikroskopicheskie issledovanija na sharikah diametrom 150 mikron iz karbida urana, pokrytyh pirouglerodom, dlja ocenki migracii urana kak funkcija temperatury. Kolichestvo i odnorodnosti uranovoj zagruzki v grafitovyh jelementah RJeUVT opredeljajutsja s pomoshh'ju special'no skonstruirovannyh scintilljacionnyh schetchikov. Primerno 90% raboty po jetoj teme ranee ne bylo opublikovano. (author)

Research Applications of Beta-Particle Techniques: Back-Scattering and X-Ray Excitation; Applications de l'irradiation beta dans la recherche: retrodiffusion et excitation de rayons X; Primenenie metodov beta-chastits v issledovatel'skoj rabote: obratnoe rasseyanie i vozbuzhdenie rentgenovskikh luchej; Aplicacion de la irradiacion beta en la investigacion: retrodispersion y excitacion de rayos X

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, R H [Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, University of California, Los Alamos, NM (United States)

1962-01-15

tecnicas confirman la opinion de que los radioisotopos encierran enormes promesas en el terreno cientifico y tecnico. Por lo que se refiere a las fuentes de rayos X, puede decirse que todo cuanto se realiza en el terreno de la tecnologia de los rayos X, salvo la determinacion de la estructura de los cristales, puede hacerse con mayor sencillez recurriendo a los medios citados. Es mas, si se emplearan fuentes de muchos curies, puede que incluso llegue a ser posible efectuar esas determinaciones. (author) [Russian] Prozvedennye v ehtoj laboratorii za poslednie sem', let issledovaniya ustanovili tochnye usloviya obratnogo rasseyaniya beta-chastits, i ehti metody byli dopolneny metodami ispol'zovaniya vozbuzhdennykh izotopami rentgenovskikh luchej. Vozbuzhdennye takim sposobom rentgenovskie luchi privlekli .shirokoe vnimanie vo vsem svete i vo mnogikh sluchayakh oni revolyutsionizirovali metody promyshlennoj kalibrovki. V nastoyashchem doklade razbirayutsya primeneniya k tochnoj abzorbtsiometrii, izmereniyu tolshchiny plenok, opoznovaniyu i kolichestvennomu opredeleniyu veshchestv putem izmereniya absorbtsii po krayam, a takzhe k bumazhnoj khromatografii. V poslednem sluchae, khromato grammy mogut izuchat'sya posredstvom beta-absorbtsii, absorbtsii rentgenovskimi luchami ili vozbuzhdeniem rentgenovskikh luchej v razlichnykh zonakh bombardirovkoj beta-luchami. Sravnivayutsya i otsenivayutsya ehti razlichnye podkhody. Byl izuchen tselyj ryad mikrokhimicheskikh metodov i libo posredstvom beta-absorbtsii, libo posredstvom vozbuzhdeniya rentgenovskikh luchej beta-chastitsami mogut byt' opoznany i opredeleny nebol'shie kolichestva veshchestv. Nizshie predely detektsii ne tak:maly, kak ehto dostizhimo metodom radioaktivnykh indikatorov, no imeetsya ryad drugikh preimushchestv, glavnoe iz kotorykh zaklyuchaetsya v tom, chto operatsii proizvodyatsya s zadelannymi istochnikami, chto pochti sovershenno isklyuchaet vozmozhnost' radioaktivnogo zarazheniya. Na osnovanii ehtikh dannykh byli

Excretion of radium in relation to dietary intake; Excretion de radium en fonction de l'ingestion alimentaire; Vydelenie radiya v zavisimosti ot priema ego s pishchej; Excrecion de radio en relacion con su absorcion con los alimentos y el agua

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Turner, R. C. [Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Cancer Hospital, London (United Kingdom)

1963-02-15

srednej velichiny potrebleniya radiya odnim chelovekom iz ehtikh istochnikov sredi ryada professional'nykh grupp, ravno kak sredi grupp naseleniya razlichnykh rajonov strany. Nesmotrya na shirokij interval velichin aktivnosti produktov pitaniya, srednie velichiny priema malo otlichayutsya drug ot druga u raznykh grupp, pri ehtom oni koleblyutsya mezhdu 2 i 3 mmkkyuri na cheloveka v den'. Soderkhanie radiya v pit'evoj vode v Anglii menyaetsya v diapazone koehffitsientov ot 250 do 1, no v bol'shinstve sluchaev absolyutnye urovni nastol'ko nizki po sravneniyu s urovnem v osnovnykh produktakh pitaniya, chto srednie velichiny potrebleniya radiya s vodoj sostavlyayut lish' 5 - 6% ot srednikh obshchikh kolichestv radiya, pogloshchaemogo kazhdym individuumom. Lish' v odnom rajone strany, v kotorom -prozhivaet men'she odnogo protsenta vsego naseleniya, dnevnoe potreblenie radiya s vodoj prevyshaet potreblenie ego s pishchej. Izmereniya vydelenij s isprazhneniyami v rezul'tate normal'nogo priema pishchi pokazyvaet, chto u vzroslykh molodykh lyudej srednee kolichestvo radiya-226, vydelyaemogo takim putem, sostavlyaet 2-2,5 mmkkyuri v den'. Ehta tsifra soglasuetsya s vychislennymi dannymi srednego dnevnogo priema. Issledovaniya metabolizma u lyudej pokazyvayut, chto bol'shaya chast' sutochnogo kolichestva radiya, prinyatogo s pishchej, vydelyaetsya v techenie 24 - 48 chasov, no popytki opredelit' fraktsionnoe uderzhanie radiya u vzroslykh privodyat k neodinakovym rezul'tatam. Izmereniya velichin dnevnogo priema i vydeleniya s isprazhneniyami u malen'kikh detej v techenie 33 dnej ukazyvayut na to, chto uderzhanie radiya v periody aktivnogo rosta kostej mozhet sostavlyat' do 10% ili bolee ot obshchego kolichestva radiya, prinyatogo vnutr'. (author)

Transmutation doping and recoil effects in semiconductors exposed to thermal neutrons; Transmutations provoquees et effets de recul dans les semi-conducteurs exposes aux neutrons thermiques; Prisadka i sdacha v rezul'tate prevrashcheniya poluprovodnikov pod dejstviem teplovykh nejtronov; Impurificacion por transmutacion y efectos de retroceso en los semiconductores expuestos a neutrones termicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crawford, Jr, J H; Cleland, J W [Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

1962-01-15

({sup 71}Ga); una correcta eleccion de la exposicion permite por tanto disminuir la concentracion de electrones en el germanio de tipo n hasta valores muy bajos, o transformar el germanio de tipo n en germanio de tipo p. Afortunadamente, el periodo de semidesintegracion del nuclido que da origen al {sup 71}Ga es largo; ello permite observar en detalle el curso de la ''valoracion radiactiva'' por medicion del coeficiente de Hall y de la comductividad. Los experimentos demuestran tambien que los defectos que producen en la red cristalina los retrocesos de nucleos causados por la emision gamma consecutiva a la captura neutronica eliminan aproximadamente un electron por cada neutron capturado. El recocido a unos 450 Degree-Sign C hace que los atomos desplazados vuelvan a los sitios que les corresponden en la red cristalina. Tambien se han observado efectos del retroceso en el silicio; cada captura da lugar a la eliminacion de, aproximadamente, dos portadores de carga. Los autores analizaran las deducciones a que llevan estos resultados y los obtenidos con el germanio, basandose en los espectros de rayos gamma de captura. En el caso del antimoniuro de indio, los rayos gamma de captura emitidos por el {sup 115}In no bastan para desplazar un numero grande de nucleos, de modo que el efecto principal es la formacion de {sup 116}Sn, que es un donor cuando sustituye a un atomo de indio en una red cristalina de este elemento. La impurificacion por transmutacion nuclear ofrece una posibilidad de estudiar numerosos semiconductores compuestos en los que resulta dificil introducir impurezas por procomientos quimicos. (author) [Russian] Byli provedeny podrobnye issledovaniya vozdejstviya teplovykh nejtronov na germanij. Iz pyati izotopov tri izotopa prevrashchayutsya v khimicheskie primesi, vykhod kotorykh, v chisle atomov na 100 zakhvatov nejtronov, i ikh periody poluraspada predstavlyayutsya v sleduyushchem vide: Ga{sup 71} - 30,4, 11,4 dnya; As{sup 75} - 9,8, 82 min; Se{sup 77} - 1

The use of radiotracer techniques to study lubrication and wear in large diesel engines; Emploi des indicateurs radioactifs pour l'etude de la lubrification et de l'usure dans les moteurs diesel de grande puissance; Ispol'zovanie metodov radioaktivnykh indikatorov dlya izucheniya smazki i iznosa bol'shikh dizel'nykh motorov; Aplicacion de los indicadores radiactivos al estudio de la lubricacion y desgaste de los motores diesel de gran potencia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Howes, Jr, J E; Braun, W J; Sunderman, D N [Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH (United States)

1962-01-15

iznosa bol'shikh dizel'nykh motorov v masshtabe, kotoryj do sikh por schitalsya prakticheski neosushchestvimym. Kak potreblenie smazochnogo masla, tak i iznos rubashki tsilindra opredelyalis' v funktsii ot rabochikh uslovij dizelya moshchnost'yu okolo 1000 tormoznykh loshadinykh sil. Byl vyrabotan metod mecheniya 200 gallonov smazochnogo masla 60 millikyuri tsinka-65 i opredeleniya potrebleniya masla pri pomoshchi vzyatiya obraztsov gazov vykhlopa pri rabote motora v raznoobraznykh usloviyakh. Izmerenie potrebleniya smazochnogo masla moglo byt' proizvedeno za 10 minut vremeni, vmesto 24 ili 48 chasov, trebovavshikhsya ran'she. Byl vyrabotan metod aktivatsii nejtronami nizshej chasti tsilindra dlinoyu v 48 dyujmov i diametrom rubashki v 8 dyujmov. Nadlezhashchee ehkranirovanie teplovykh nej- tronov dalo vozmozhnost' poluchit' marganets-54 s 300-dnevnym periodom poluraspada; issledovanie iznosa privelo k udlineniyu poleznogo sroka sluzhby rubashki v 6-8 raz po sravneniyu s analogichnoj rubashkoj, aktivirovannoj termicheski dlya proizvodstva zheleza-59. To obstoyatel'stvo, chto issledovaniya s takimi bol'shimi kolichestvami radioaktivnogo materiala mogut vypolnyat'sya v oblasti dizelej na normal'noj issledovatel'skoj ustanovke, otkryvaet sovershenno novuyu oblast' primeneniya indikatorov. Izbiratel'naya aktivatsiya i tselesoobraznoe ispol'zovanie ehkranirovaniya teplovykh nejtronov uvelichivayut raznoobrazie vozmozhnostej ispol'zovaniya metodov indikatorov; izmereniya sosredotochivayutsya na interesuyushchem meste, i tem samym sokrashchaetsya obshchee kolichestvo trebuemogo dlya izucheniya iznosa krupnykh detalej radioaktivnogo materiala; vmeste s tem odnovremenno oblegchaetsya izmerenie iznosa detalej motora iz materialov s odinakovym khimicheskim sostavom. (author)

The Development of Materials for Application to Control Rod Systems in Graphite moderated Reactors; Mise au Point de Materiaux pour les Dispositifs de Controle a Barres, Utilbes dans les Reacteurs Ralentis au Graphite; Razrabotka materialov , primenyaemykh v sistemakh upravlyayushchikh sterzhnej v reaktorakh s grafitovym zamedlitelem; Perfeccionamiento de Materiales Aplicables a las Barras de Control en los Reactores Moderados por Grafito

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wade, G. E.; Kempf, F. J. [Hanford Atomic Products Operation, General Electric Company, Richland, WA (United States)

1964-06-15

utilizando cualquiera de los materiales mencionados. Los canales de las barras requieren a menudo un revestimiento para proteger el moderador de grafito que los circunda contra los impactos y el efecto de desgaste debidos a la insercion de las barras y para asegurar que el canal conserve la alineacion correcta. Tales revestimientos deben consistir en materiales capaces de soportar la abrasion y el impacto, dotados de gran resistencia mecanica, de reducida seccion eficaz y aptos para trabajar sin refrigeracion. Se ha ensayado con ese fin el grafito pirolitico puro y en forma de mezclas, el oxido de aluminio y el carburo de silicio. Los datos obtenidos acerca de los danos fisicos y de irradiacion indican que algunos de estos materiales se prestan para el revestimiento de los canales de las barras en los reactores. (author) [Russian] Materialy, primenjaemye v sistemah upravljajushhih i avarijnyh sterzhnej reaktorov s grafitovym zamedlitelem i teplonositelem v trubkah, mogut byt' podrazdeleny na dve kategorii: materialy dlja izgotovlenija upravljajushhih sterzhnej i materialy dlja izgotovlenija rubashek rabochih kanalov sterzhnej. Materialy dlja izgotovlenija upravljajushhih sterzhnej, naprimer bor ili gadolinij, mogut sostavljat' edinoe celoe s obolochkoj sterzhnja, kak pri ispol'zovanii boristoj nerzhavejushhej stali, primenjaemoj dlja izgotovlenija avarijnyh sterzhnej. Drugoj metod sostoit v zakljuchenii spechennogo bloka, soderzhashhego bor, naprimer B{sub 4}C -grafit ili B{sub 4}C -aljuminij, v metallicheskuju obolochku. Sterzhni poslednego tipa podhodjat dlja celej regulirovanija vvidu povyshennogo procenta soderzhanija bora. Ispytanija i opyt izgotovlenija pokazyvajut, chto pri ispol'zovanii jetih materialov mozhno skonstruirovat' razlichnye tipy udovletvoritel'nyh sterzhnej;. V kanalah sterzhnej v reaktore chasto trebujutsja rubashki dlja zashhity okruzhajushhego grafitovogo zamedlitelja ot vozdejstvija nagruzok pri vvedenii sterzhnja i iznosa i dlja podderzhanija

Nanotechnology in paper electronics

Science.gov (United States)

Demming, Anna; Österbacka, Professor Ronald; Han, Jin-Woo, Dr

2014-03-01

connections in the nervous system, these synaptic transistors can mimic synaptic stimulation response and short-term synaptic plasticity. The idea of harnessing paper electronics for display applications seems a natural update on the familiar traditional uses of paper to host text and images. Jong-Man Kim and Bora Yoon at Hanyang University in Korea screen print a flexible paper-based display for representing the digits 0-9 [5]. The device exploits the electrochromothermic properties of five different polydiacetylenes to allow a range of activation temperatures and operational voltages for the display. A number of other applications also feature in the special issue, including two different supramolecular recognition architectures for DNA hybridization in sensing applications [6] and all-solid flexible micro-supercapacitors with excellent cycling stability [7]. The demonstrated potential in the alternative energy industry seems particularly fitting given the environmental recommendations of paper electronics. Despite the promising outlook demonstrated for fabricating on paper by screen or ink-jet printing, as Henrik A Andersson and colleagues point out, it may be some time before devices can be printed with the functionality of even the most inexpensive microcontroller or other integrated circuit [8]. In their report they consider different methods to mount and contact standard surface mount device components to ink-jet printed conductive tracks on paper substrates. 'If paper is used as a substrate for printed hybrid electronics, it opens the possibility of integrating low-cost electronic functions directly on packages, even possibly directly in the production line', they add. A blank sheet of paper can be considered useful for making notes, convenient for slipping in a purse or pocket and enormously inspiring for the infinity of ideas not yet written on it. As this special issue demonstrates [2-14] all three attributes are at least as valid when using paper for electronics

Pulsed Neutron Studies of BeO-Natural Uranium Lattices; Etudes de Reseaux Uranium Naturel-Glucine, par la Methode des Neutrons Pulses; Issledovanie reshetok BeO-prirodnyj uran s pomoshch'yu impul'snykh nejtronov; Estudio de Reticulados de Beo-Uranio Natural con Ayuda de Neutrones Pulsados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joshi, B. V.; Nargundkar, V. R.; Subbarao, K. [Atomic Energy Establishment Trombay, Bombay (India)

1965-10-15

proporcional'nye schetchiki iz oboga- shhennogo trehftoristogo bora. Prostranstvennye i vremennye garmoniki byli ustraneny s pomoshh'ju metoda, opisannogo Dzhoshi i drugimi v 1965 godu. Postojannaja raspada osnov- nogo sostojanija opredelena dlja neskol'kih laplasianov pri sostojanii, dalekom ot kriti- cheskogo. V jetih vychislenijah prinimali v raschet jeffekt diffuzionnogo ohlazhdenija i ani- zotropii. Vse postojannye diffuzii i razmnozhenija opredeljali metodom approksimacii naimen'shih kvadratov tremja razlichnymi podhodami. Mgnovennyj kriticheskij laplasian opredelen putem razlozhenija uravnenija postojannoj raspada dlja {lambda} = 0 . Okonchatel'nymi re- zul'tatami javljajutsja: Diffuzionnaja dlina L = 15,2 sm. Postojannaja absorbcii {lambda}{sub 0} = 762,5 sek{sup -1} . Diffuzionnyj kojefficient D = 1,761 * 10{sup 5} sm{sup 2} sek{sup 1} . Postojannaja diffuzionnogo ohlazhdenija C = -8,766 * 10{sup 5} sm{sup 4} sek{sup -1}. Vozrast {tau} = 150,7 sm{sup 2}. Kojefficient neogranichennogo razmnozhenija k{sub {infinity}} = 1,126. Mgnovennyj kriticheskij laplasian V{sup 2} = 3,00 - 10{sup -4} sm{sup -2}. (author)

Diffusion Parameters of BeO by the Pulsed Neutron Method; Calcul des Parametres de Diffusion de BeO par la Methode des Neutrons Pulses; Opredelenie diffuzionnykh parametrov BeO s pomoshch'yu metoda impul'snykh nejtronov; Determinacion de los Parametros de Difusion en el BeO por el Metodo de los Neutrones Pulsados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joshi, B. V.; Nargundkar, V. R.; Subbarao, K. [Atomic Energy Establishment Trombay, Bombay (India)

1965-08-15

la constante de decrecimiento, fue posible tener en cuenta toda actividad de fondo constante. Para evitar armonicos temporales se prescindio de los laplacianos de valor muy elevado. Se elimino el efecto de todo contenido armonico remanente mediante el empleo de un retardo adecuado. Se determino, para varios laplacianos, la constante de decrecimiento del modo fundamental de la poblacion de neutrones termicos. Los autores examinan las condiciones que han de satisfacerse para determinar con precision la constante C de enfriamiento por difusion. Los valores obtenidos para el BeO fueron los siguientes: {lambda}{sub 0} = constante de absorcion = 156, 02 {+-} 4,37 s{sup -1}, D = coeficiente de difusion = (1,3334 {+-} 0,0128) * 10{sup 5} cm{sup 2}/s, C = constante de enfriamiento por difusion = (-4,8758 {+-} 0,5846) * 10{sup 5} cm{sup 4}/s. Los autores calcularon el efecto de despreciar la influencia del termino B{sup 6} sobre la determinacion de los parametros de difusion, demostrando que es considerable. Atribuyen a ese efecto la persistente discrepancia entre los valores de C obtenido para el mismo moderador por distintos investigadores. (author) [Russian] Opisyvaetsja primenenie metoda impul'snyh nejtronov dlja toch- nogo opredelenija diffuzionnyh parametrov zamedlitelej. S pomoshh'ju jetogo metoda byli polucheny diffuzionnye parametry VeO. Impul'sy nejtronov poluchalis' s pomoshh'ju kas- kadnogo uskoritelja v rezul'tate pul'sirovanija istochnika ionov i ispol'zovanija reakcii Be (d, n). Detektorom sluzhil proporcional'nyj schetchik iz obogashhennogo grehftoristogo bora. Pokazano, chto pri pravil'nom vybore polozhenija i dliny schetchika, a takzhe polozhenija istochnika, mozhno ustranit' bol'shuju chast' prostranstvennyh garmonik. Ljuboj postojannyj fon mozhet byt' uchten pri raschete postojannoj raspada. Chtoby izbezhat' vremennyh garmo- nik, ochen' bol'shie laplasiany ne ispol'zovalis'. Vse ostavshiesja garmoniki byli svedeny na net blagodarja ispol'zovaniju pravil

Radiation Polymerization of Acetylene Hydrocarbons. Special Features; Particularites de la polymerisation radiochimique des hydrocarbures acetyleniques; Radiatsionnaya polimerizatsiya atsetilenovykh proizvodnykh; Particularidades de la radiopolimerizacion de los hidrocarburos acetilenicos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barkalov, I. M.; Gol' danskij, V. I.; Go, Min' -Gao

1963-11-15

termo- i fotookislitel'noj destruktsii polimerov. Udobnym sposobom polucheniya podobnykh polimerov yavlyaetsya radiatsionnaya polimerizatsiya atsetilenovykh proizvodnykh. Tol'ko ehtot sposob obespechivaet poluchenie polimerov, svobodnykh ot zagryazneniya initsiatorami pri nizkikh temperaturakh. Kinetika radiatsionnoj polimerizatsii fenilatsetilena i drugikh atsetilenovykh proizvodnykh imeet ryad osobennostej, kharakternykh dlya ionnoj polimerizatsii, no sovershenno neobychnykh dlya radikal'noj (skorost' polimerizatsii proportsional'na pervoj stepeni skorosti initsiirovaniya; ehnergiya aktivatsii ochen' mala; ket ingibirovaniya kislorodom). Tem ne menee ehta polimerizatsiya yavlyaetsya, vidimo, radikal'noj. K takomu vyvodu my prishli na osnove issledovaniya initsiirovaniya polimerizatsii atsetilenovykh uglevodorodov tipichno radikal'nymi initsiatorami - perekis'yu benzoila i dinitrilom azoizomaslyanoj kisloty. V ehtoj svyazi izuchalis' osobennosti kinetiki i mekhanizma raspada perekisi v prisutstvii atsetilenovykh uglevodorodov (naprimer, fenilatsetilena, dejtero-fenilatsetilena i metilfenilatsetilena). Izuchalis' takzhe kinetika radiatsionnoj sopolimerizatsii fenilatsetilena s razlichnymi vinilovymi monomerami i sostav sopolimerov pri razlichnykh iskhodnykh smesyakh. EHti dannye, a takzhe rezul'taty izucheniya kinetiki ingibirovannoj polimerizatsii fenilatsetilena (ingibitor - benzokhinon) ukazyvayut na maluyu reaktsionnuyu spooobnost' fenilatsetilenovogo radikala. Sil'nye otkloneniya ot pravila additivnosti pri radiatsionnoj polimerizatsii v razlichnykh rastvoritelyakh svidetel'stvuyut o nalichii sil'nogo perenosa ehnergii k atsetilenovym uglevodorodam i ikh polimeram. (author)

Distribution and removal of transuranic elements and cerium deposited by the inhalation route; Distribution et elimination des transuraniens et du cerium deposes par l'intermediaire des voies respiratoires; Raspredelenie transuranovykh ehlementov i tseriya, otkladyvayushchikhsya v rezul'tate vdykhaniya i ikh udalenie; Distribucion y eliminacion de elementos transuranicos y de cerio depositados por inhalacion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bair, W. J.; Tombropoulos, E. G.; Park, J. F. [Hanford Atomic Products Operation, General Electric Company, Richland, WA (United States)

1963-02-15

, parasimpatominmeticos, parasiinpatoliticos y antihistamfnicos. El agente de quelacion, acido dietilentriaminopentaacetico.administ'rado en forma de aerosol o por via intraperitoneal elimina rapidamente el {sup 144}Ce-{sup 144}Pr de los pulmones y del organismo por excrecion urinaria. Un mes despues de ser expuestos a la accion del {sup 144}CeO{sub 2}, las ratas y perros tratados retienen una cantidad de {sup 144}Ce-{sup 144}Pr inferior al 10% de la retenida por los animales no tratados. (author) [Russian] Raspredelenie v tkanyakh i vydelenie vdykhaemykh radioaktivnykh izotopov menyaetsya vmeste s khimicheskoj formoj i razmerom chastits aehrozolej. U sobak cherez tridtsat' dnej posle vdykhaniya 70% nitrata plutoniya bylo obnaruzheno v legkikh, 10% - v, pecheni i 15% - v kostyakh skeleta. Posle vdykhaniya aehrozolya P{sup 239} O{sub 2} s vyschityvaemym srednim diametrom chastits (VSD), ravnym 0,12 mikron, 71% ehtogo veshchestva v organizme bylo skontsentrirovano v legkikh, 3% - v bronkhial'nykh limfaticheskikh uzlakh, 4,4% - v myshtsakh, 1,3% - v kostyakh skeleta i 20% bylo ravnomerno raspredeleno v ostal'nykh tkanyakh. Posle vdykhaniya aehrozolya P{sup 239} O{sub 2} s VSD chastits v intervale 0,3 - 0,6 mikron v legkikh soderzhalos' 98% veshchestva, v bronkhial'nykh limfaticheskikh uzlakh - okolo 1% i v ostal'nykh tkanyakh - 1%. Ehti dannye i issledovaniya mochi i isprazhnenij ukazyvayut na otnositel'nuyu vazhnost' trekh putej, po kotorym vdykhaemye radioaktivnye izotopy vyvodilis' iz legkikh, a imenno cherez trakheyu v rezul'tate dvizheniya resnichen s posledueshchem vydeleniem s isprazhneniyami, cherez al'veolyarnuyu membranu i pereraspredelenie v drugikh lgkanyakh s postepennym vydeleniem s mochoj i, nakonets, putem peremeshcheniya v bronkhial'nye limfaticheskie uzly, kotorye nakoplyayut vdykhaemye nerastvorimye veshchestva. Byli oprobovany terapevticheskie sredstva, kotorye, kak mozhno bylo ozhidat', povyshayut ochishchenie legkikh ot radioaktivnykh izotopov takimi putyami, pri

Studies on the Utilization, Metabolism and Function of Sterols in the House-Fly, Musca Domestica; Utilisation. Metabolisme et fonctions des sterols chez la mouche domestique (Musca Domestica); Izuchenie usvoeniya, metabolizma i funktsii sterinov v organizme domashnej mukhi Musca Domestica; Estudios sobre la asimilacion, el metabolismo y la funcion de los esteroles in la mosca comun (Musca Domestica)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robbins, W. E. [United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Entomology Research Division, Beltsville, MD (United States)

1963-09-15

ambos casos el proceso de asimilacion y metabolismo de estos esteroles. Sin embargo, no hubo transformacion apreciable de {beta}-sitosterol en colesterol. En las dietas de las larvas se utilizaron tambien cantidades de colesterol inferiores al minimo necesario, combinadas con ''esteroles de ahorro''', como el colestanol, que pueden suministrar solo una parte del esterol que necesita el insecto. La asimilacion y el destino final del ''esterol de ahorro'' se han estudiado empleando colestanol-{sup 14}C; tambien se esta estudiando el metabolismo de la-minuscula cantidad de colesterol esencial, empleando para ello colesterol-{sup 14}C de elevada actividad especifica. Se han utilizado tambienotrasespeciesdeinsectos, entre ellos la cucaracha alemana (Blattella germanica), para completar el estudio de los modos de asimilacion y los esquemas metabolicos de los esteroles en la mosca comun. (author) [Russian] Bydo obnaruzheno, chto bol'shinstvu nasekomykh nuzhen dieticheskij istochnik sterinov dlya normal'nogo rosta i metamorfozy lichinki. Rabota posvyashchena dvum dopolnitel'nym fiziologicheskim funktsiyam sterinov v organizme domashnej mukhi Musca domestica L . : 1) Istochnik sterinovogo pitaniya sovershenno neobkhodim dlya obrazovaniya vynoslivykh zhiznesposobnykh yaits u zhenskikh osobej mukhi; pri nedostatochnom sterinovom pitanii yajtsa obrazuyutsya, no ikh vynoslivost' i zhiznesposobnost' yavlyayutsya nizkimi. 2) KHolesterin takzhe igraet rol' v mobilizatsii i ispol'zovanii rezervov pitaniya pri sozrevanii yaichnikov u samok domashnikh mukh. Izuchalas' kolichestvennaya potrebnost' v sterine pri vysheukazannykh fiziologicheskikh protsessakh i metabolicheskikh prevrashcheniyakh, proiskhodyashchikh vo vremya rosta, metamorfozy i razmnozheniya u ehtikh nasekomykh. Issledovaniya provodilis' s pomoshch'yu mechennykh uglerodom-14 i tritiem sterinov v sochetanii s razlichnymi analiticheskimi metodami, vklyuchaya obratnoe izotopnoe razbavlenie, gazovo-zhidkostnuyu khromatografiyu

Preliminary Note on the Use of Radioisotopes to Study Some Cotton-Plant Pests in Africa; Note preliminaire sur l 'utilisation des radioisotopes dans l 'etude des parasites du cotonnier en afrique; Predvaritel'nye zamechaniya o primenenii radioizotopov dlya izucheniya nekotorykh vreditelej khlopchatnika v afrike.; Nota preliminar sobre el empleo de radioisotopos en el estudio de parasitos del algodonero en africa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Delattre, R. [Institut de Recherches du Coton et Textiles, Paris (France)

1963-09-15

el follaje de algodoneros jovenes. Hay orugas filofagas (Silepta derogata, Prodenia litura) que no retienen la radiactividad, pero las que se alimentan de organos fructiferos (Heliothis armigera, Earias insulana, Diparopsis watersi, etc.) se pueden detectar facilmente tres meses despues de la pulverizacion. En el segundo ensayo se aplicaron {sup 32}P y {sup 35}S a algodoneros viejos, inmediatamente antes de comenzar el periodo de diapausa natural de Diparopsis. Los resultados obtenidos hacen pensar que no sera muy dificil distinguir, entre las poblaciones de crisalidas recogidas del suelo, las que se han nutrido en el algodonero antes de ser marcado, es decir, las que habran sufrido una diapausa. (author) [Russian] Gusenitsa Diparopsis watersi (Roth) nanosit vred khlopchatniku, unichtozhaya tsvet i korobochku. Ehta,prakticheski,monofagovaya sovka provodit mezhsezonnyj period libo v zemle v vide kukolki v sostoyanii diapauzy, nachinaya s 10 noyabrya, libo v vide novykh (polivol'tinnykh) pokolenij na ne vykopannykh iz zemli rasteniyakh. Laboratornye issledovaniya pozvolili vyyasnit' osnovnye mekhanizmy vozniknoveniya i prekrashcheniya diapauzy. V prirode intensivnoe razmnozhenie pri razvedenii kul'tur proiskhodit u odnikh osobej s odnim pokoleniem v god, vyplansivayushchikhsya k aprelyu-mayu, u vtorykh - poyavlenie pokolenij bez diapauzy; otnositel'nuyu rol' ehtikh dvukh razlichnykh vetvej osobej sledovalo by tochno opredelit' dlya vybora metoda bor'by: vykorchevka khlopchatnika, unichtozhenie kukolok v sostoyanii diapauzy v zemle, sokrashchenie srokov sel'skokhozyajstvennoj kampanii i t.d. Mechenie radioizotopami gusenits, kotorye v kriticheskij period dostigayut zrelosti, dolzhno suzit' ehtu problemu v prakticheskom plane. V Tikeme (Respublike Chad) byli provedeny predvaritel'nye opyty dlya opredeleniya prostykh metodov mecheniya. V pervom opyte byl ispol'zovan P{sup 32} pri pryamom vodnom obryzgivanii listvy molodogo khlopchatnika. Nesmotrya na dozhd', pogloshchenie

Mehanička svojstva i mikrostruktura vakuum plazma naprskane Cr3C2 - 25(Ni20Cr prevlake / Mechanical properties and microstructure of vacuum plasma sprayed Cr3C2 – 25(Ni20Cr coatings / Механические свойства и микроструктура покрытия Cr3C2 - 25(Ni20Cr нанесенного методом вакуумного плазменного напыления

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mihailo R. Mrdak

2015-04-01

Full Text Available U radu je analizirana vakuum plazma sprej prevlaka VPS – Cr3C2 - 25(Ni20Cr. Upotrebljen je komercijalni prah oznake Sulzer Metco Woka 7205. Prah je deponovan sa plazma pištoljem F4 na odstojanju substrata od 340 mm. Glavni cilj rada bio je da se na smanjenom pritisku inertnog gasa Ar eliminiše razgradnja primarnog karbida Cr3C2 u karbid Cr23C6 koji bitno umanjuje mikrotvrdoću i mehaničke karakteristike prevlake. Prevlaka je deponovana debljine od 100 do 120 µm na čeličnom substratu. Mikrotvrdoća prevlake ispitana je metodom HV0.3. Vrednosti mikrotvrdoće bile su u rasponu od 1248 do 1342 HV0.3. Čvrstoća spoja prevlake ispitana je metodom na zatezanje. Utvrđeno je da čvrstoća spoja između substrata i prevlake ima vrednost 89 MPa. Mikrostruktura prevlake ispitana je tehnikom svetlosne mikroskopije. Struktura prevlake sastoji se od osnove NiCr legure sa dominantnom primarnom karbidnom fazom Cr3C2. Pored Cr3C2 faze prisutna je i faza Cr7C3. Nagrizanje prevlake urađeno je reagensom 1HNO3: 4HCl: 4H2O koji prvenstveno rastvara Ni da bi se videla raspodela karbidne faze u prevlaci. Nagrizanjem prevlake reagensom utvrđeno je da je u slojevima prevlake u velikom udelu prisutna primarna nerazgrađena karbidna faza Cr3C2 koja prevlaci daje visoke vrednosti mikrotvrdoće. / This paper analyzes vacuum plasma spray VPS - Cr3C2 - 25(Ni20Cr coatings. Commercial powder marked Sulzer Metco Woka 7205 is used. The powder is deposited with a plasma gun F4 at a distance of 340 mm from the substrate. The main objective of the study was to eliminate, at the reduced pressure of inert gas Ar, the degradation of primary Cr3C2 carbide into Cr23C6 carbide which significantly reduces the microhardness and mechanical properties of the coating. The coating is deposited with a thickness of 100 - 120 µm on a steel substrate. The microhardness of the coating was tested by HV0.3. The microhardness values were in the range of 1248 - 1342 HV0.3. The bond strength

Design and characteristics of beta-excited X-ray sources; Caracteristiques des sources de rayons X excitees par des particules beta; Konstruktsiya i kharakteristiki beta-vozbuzhdennykh istochnikov rentgenovskikh luchej; Diseno y caracteristicas de las fuentes de rayos X excitadas por particulas beta

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Filosofo, I; Reiffel, L; Stone, C A; Voyvodic, L [Physics Division, Armour Research Foundation, Chicago, IL (United States)

1962-01-15

se describe en la memoria. Si se tienen en cuenta la radiacion de frenado (Bremsstrahlung), la ionizacion de la capa K y la fluorescencia provocada por los rayos X, puede lograrse una formulacion matematica satisfactoria para calcular los rendimientos y los espectros fotonicos en funcion de la energia {beta} maxima, del espesor del blanco y de la configuracion de la fuente. Los rendimientos calculados concuerdan perfectamente con los determinados por via experimental, lo que confirma la validez del metodo analitico. De esta forma, resulta posible disenar fuentes isotopicas de rayos X que responden optimamente a las exigencias de las aplicaciones a las que van destinadas. Los autores disenaron prototipos de fuentes de {sup 85}Kr y de {sup 147}Pm, y la memoria analiza su eficacia en las mediciones de espesores y el analisis de sustancias compuestas. Tambien disenaron una fuente de {sup 147}Pm de elevada intensidad destinada a la radiografia industrial; la memoria examina su funcionamiento, asi como la utilidad de los intensificadores de imagen que permiten ampliar el campo de aplicaciones de dicha fuente. Los autores terminan su memoria con un examen general de las posibilidades, ventajas y limitaciones de las fuentes isotopicas de rayos X. (author) [Russian] V dokumente izlagayutsya novejshie rezul'taty rabot nad beta-vozbuzhdennymi istochnikami rentgenovskikh luchej. Opisyvayutsya rezul'taty podrobnogo ehksperimental'nogo issledovaniya rentgenovskikh luchej, proizvodimykh produktami deleniya Rt-147, Kg-85 i Sr-90. Vykhod rentgenovskikh luchej i spektral'noe raspredelenie byli izucheny dlya mishenej, postroennykh iz materialov, idushchikh ot medi do urana, a takzhe dlya raznoobraznogo vzaimnogo raspolozheniya istochnika i mishenej: (propuskayushchaya mishen', otrazhayushchaya mishen', 'sloenaya'' mishen', tesnoperemeshannye istochniki i mishen'). Osobenno podrobno byla izuchena smes' iz prometiya-147 s okis'yu samariya dlya vyyasneniya perspektiv ispol

Analyser for fast single events; Analyseur d'evenements rapides simples; Analizator bystrykh odnokratnykh yavlenij; Analizador de sucesos rapidos no recurrentes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sedlmeyer, J W; Patten, R B; Fussell, L Jr [Edgerton, Germeshausen And Grier, Inc., Las Vegas, NV (United States)

1962-04-15

pomoshch'yu metoda izmereniya vremeni proleta mozhno provodit' nejtronnuyu spektrometriyu. Mozhno provodit' bystrye i tochnye izomericheskie issledovaniya v otnoshenii izomerov s poluperiodom raspada v intervale ot 10 do 1000 nanosekund, a takzhe bystro i tochno opredelyat' rasseyanie. EHta rabota vypolnyalas' pri sodejstvii Komissii po atomnoj ehnergii SSHA. (author)

Release of Fission Products from UC-ZrC Fuel Inserts; Degagement des produits de fission liberes dans des noyaux combustibles UC-ZrC; Vydelenie produktov deleniya iz topliv UC - ZrC; Liberacion de productos de fision por pastillas de combustible de UC-ZrC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barth, F.; Von der Decken, C. B.; Schifferstein, K. [Brown Boveri/Krupp Reaktorbau G.M.B.H., Duesseldorf (Germany); Clauss, A.; Reichel, H.; Rygaert, J.; Ruston, W. R. [Societe d' Etudes de Recherches et d' Applications pour l' Industrie (S.E.R.A.I.), Brussels (Belgium)

1963-11-15

hallaron grandes diferencias en las energias de activacion determinadas en distintos tipos de pastillas, aunque algunas veces los valores D/r{sub 0}{sup 2} paragraph diferian en cuatro ordenes de magnitud para una misma temperatura de la muestra. Despues de la irradiacion, se determinaron las actividades de los isotopos {sup 131}I, {sup 85}Sr, {sup 140}Ba y {sup 141}Ce en el grafito de las capsulas. Exceptuando el {sup 131}I, las actividades resultaron superiores a las previstas para un desprendimiento debido solamente a retroceso. Los valores correspondientes al {sup 89}Sr, {sup 140}Ba y {sup 141}Ce son damasiado altos para que puedan atribuirse a una difusion de loe respectivos gases nobles precursores. Se supone que los isotopos medidos, o sus precursores distintos de los gases nobles se desprendieron por difusion. (author) [Russian] Provedeno issledovanie vo vremya oblucheniya v petle vydeleniya produktov deleniya ieh tabletok, imeyushchikh priblizitel'nyj sostav UC + 20 ZrC. Tsel' - proverka vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniya podobnykh tabletok v kachestve topliva v sfericheskikh teplovydelyayushchikh ehlementakh vysokotemperaturnogo reaktora, postroennogo v Yulikhe ''Obshchestvom stroitel'stva reaktorov Braun Boveri/Krupp''. Ispytaniyu podvergalis' svobodnye tabletki i tabletki, vstavlennye v grafitovye kapsuly. Nekotorye iz tabletok imeli pogranichnuyu zonu ieh chistogo karbida tsirkoniya, tolshchinoj 1 - 2 mm. Obraztsy pomeshchalis' v pechi ehlektricheskogo soprotivleniya, dayushchie maksimal'nuyu temperaturu 1600{sup o}C. Nejtronnyj potok vo vremya oblucheniya sostavlyal 3 - 4 x 10{sup 10} n/cm{sup 2} -sek. Petlya pozvolyala izmerit' vydelenie izotopov inertnykh gazov Kr{sup 85m}, Kr{sup 87}, Kr{sup 88},Xe{sup 133} i Xe{sup 135} vo vremya oblucheniya, i kosvennoe opredelenie I{sup 133} i I{sup 135} posle vyklyucheniya reaktora. Minimum vydeleniya I{sup 131}, Sr{sup 88}, Ba{sup 141} i Ce{sup 141} byl opredelen radiokhimicheskim metodom posle izvlecheniya obraztsa iz

Establishment of the Processes of Absorption and Diffusion of Systemic Insecticides in Populus Euramericana Dode Guinier ''Robusta''; L'etablissement des processus d'absorption et diffusion des insecticides systemiques au Populus x Euramericana Dode Guinier ''Robista; Opredelenie protsessov pogloshcheniya i diffuzii somaticheskikh insektitsidov u Populus x Euramerican a Dode Guinier ''Robusta''; Determinacion de los procesos de absorcion y difusion de los insecticidas sistemicos en el Populus x Euramericana Dope Guinier ''Robusta''

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Catrina, I.; Popa, A.; Constantinesco, V.; Constantinesco, O.; Constantinesco, El.; Hulula, C. [Institut de Recherches Forestieres de Bucarest, Bucharest (Romania)

1963-09-15

observado que en el suelo queda gran cantidad de insecticida, los autores consideran que en la lucha contra los insectos que atacan a las especies lenosas es preferible verter en el suelo las soluciones de insecticidas de accion indirecta. (author) [Russian] Fosforoorganicheskie insektitsidy s somaticheskimi svojstvami, svyazannymi s ikh sposobnost'yu pronikat' v sok rastenij, vozdejstvuyut na nasekomykh, kotorye provodyat chast' svoej zhizni libo v kambial'noj zone mekhdu drevesinoj i koroj, libo v drevesine. Do poyavleniya ehtikh insektitsidov khimicheskaya bor'ba protiv ksilofagovykh nasekomykh, nakhodyashchikhsya v stvole rastenij, byla pochti nevozmozhnoj. Dlya izucheniya mekhanizma pogloshcheniya, diffuzii i lokalizatsii somaticheskikh insektitsidov u topolya i ivy, kotorye chasto podvergayutsya napadeniyu ksilofagovykh nasekomykh, byli provedeny issledovaniya s primeneniem mechenogo ''Dipterex'' na topole Robusta R-20. Mechenie insektitsida bylo proizvedeno v reaktore s ispol'zovaniem v kachestve misheni ''Dipterex'' v poroshke ( 1,5 g) pri potoke v {Phi} = 10{sup 11} n/cm{sup 2} sek i pri temperature v 30 - 40{sup o}C. Ehto prodolzhalos' do polucheniya absolyutnoj aktivnosti misheni {approx_equal} 1 mc. Chast' opytov provodilas' v laboratoriyakh, gde ispol'zovalis' rasteniya, vyrashchennye v vegetatsionnykh sosudakh. Drugaya chast' opytov provodilas' na pochve, v pitomnikakh, s ispol'zovaniem odnoletnikh i dvukhletnikh rastenij. V techenie 1 - 2 mesyatsev posle vvedeniya rastvorov mechenogo insektitsida rasteniya podvergalis' radiometricheskomu analizu. Pri provedenii opytov v laboratornykh usloviyakh insektitsid nakaplivalsya v znachitel'nykh kolichestvakh v listve i v neznachitel'nykh kolichestvakh - v drevesine. Pri provedenii opytov kak v laboratornykh usloviyakh, tak i na pochve insektitsid nakaplivalsya v bol'shem protsentnom otnoshenii v listve. Vmeste s tem otmechaetsya znachitel'nyj rost nakoplenij insektitsida v vetvyakh i v drevesine stvola, osobenno v

Radio Column Chromatographic Assay of H{sup 3}-Labelled Substances; Analyse par radiochromatographie en colonne, de substances marquees par le tritium; Radiokhromatograficheskoe ispytanie mechennykh tritiem veshchestv na kolonke; Analisis por radiocromatografia en columna de sustancias marcadas con {sup 3}H

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scharpenseel, H W; Menke, K H [Institute of Soil Science and Institute of Animal Husbandry, Bonn University, Bonn (Germany)

1962-01-15

laminar y una proporcion constante en la mezcla final. El rendimiento de recuento del {sup 3}H cuando el serpentin abarca todo el diametro de los fototubos oscila en general entre 2,5 y 4%. 3. El efluente acuoso de la columna se hace pasar por un tubo de vidrio relleno de antraceno y el recuento del {sup 3}H se efectua con un rendimiento del orden del 1 por ciento. (author) [Russian] Kombinirovannye radiokhromatograficheskie issledovaniya mechennykh tritiem veshchestv yavlyayutsya neot{sup e}mlemoj chast'yu bolytsinstva biokhimicheskikh ehksperimentov, provodimykh s mechennymi tritiem soedineniyami. Vykhod H{sup 3}-radiokhromatogrammy na bumage v razvertyvayushchem ustrojstve s potochnym schetchikom bez okoshka s ehffektivnost'yu otscheta v 0,5-1,5% v znachitel'noj stepeni zavisit ot tolshchiny bumagi i samopogloshcheniya mechenogo soedineniya. Ne predstavlyaet takzhe bol'shikh problem gazovaya radiokhromatografiya. Uspeshno primenyaetsya kombinatsiya gazovoj khromatogrammy s potochnoj ionizatsionnoj kameroj i ehlektrometrom s vibriruyushchim yazychkomsistema, razrabotannaya K. EH. VIL'TSBAKHOM i P. RISS i usovershestvovannaya G. DATTONOM, L. MASONOM i L. BLEORM, kotoraya pri ispol'zovanii teflona (Teflon) i kreministoj reziny dlya insolyatsionnykh (insolating) chastej potochnoj ionnoj kamery mozhet funktsionirovat ' pri temperature blizkoj k 300{sup o}C. Radiokhromatografiya na kolonke s tritiem yavlyaetsya maloobeshchayushchej, kogda ehflyuent kolonki razbrasyvaetsya melkim sloem i medlenno prokhodit pod potochnym schetchikom bez okoshka ili pod stsintillyatsionnym schetchikom, kak ehto uspeshno bylo provedeno s C{sup 14}. Spektrometriya zhidkostnoj stsintillyatsii yavlyaetsya udachnym metodom dlya vybora. Po sushchestvu imeetsya dva razlichnykh podkhoda, sravnenie kotorykh privoditsya nizhe: 1. EHflyuent kolonki prokhodit cherez obmotku truboprovoda plastikovogo stsintillyatora. Truboprovod namatyvaetsya na tsilindr iz pleksiglasa i ustanavlivaetsya v vannochku s

The Role of Non-Destructive Testing in Test-Reactor Operation at the National Reactor Testing Station; Role des Essais Non Destructifs dans l'Exploitation des Reacteurs d'Essai au Centre National d'Essais de Reacteurs; Rol' nedestruktivnykh ispytanij pri ehkspluatatsii ispytatel'nykh reaktorov na natsional'noj stantsii po ispytaniyam reaktorov; Papel de los Metodos No Destructivos en la Explotacion de los Reactores de la National Reactor Testing Station

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Francis, W. C.; Brown, E. S.; Burdick, E. E.; Gibson, G. W.; Tingey, F. H. [Phillips Petroleum Company, Atomic Energy Division, Idaho Falls, Idaho (United States)

1965-10-15

finansovyh zatrat na material, chisljashhijsja vne specifikacii. Rentgenovskie snimki toplivnyh plasti- nok dajut razmery aktivnyh zon i s pomoshh'ju razvertki densitometra opredeljajut rasprede- lenie topliva. Rentgenovskaja s{sup e}mka svarnyh shvov javljaetsja standartnoj proceduroj dlja reaktorov i komponentov opytnyh petel'. Vygoranie topliva i otravlenie v opytnyh obrazcah mozhet byt' opredeleno v kazhdom cikle reaktora putem ispol'zovanija usovershenstvovannogo ustrojstva po izmereniju reak- tivnosti (ARMF). V kakoj-to stepeni neobychnoe primenenie dlja kriticheskogo ustrojst- va javljaetsja izmerenie soderzhanija bora v toplive na kriticheskoj ustanovke po tehnologii ispytatel'nyh reaktorov (ETNS). Toki Fuko i mehanicheskoe zondirovanie rasstojanija toplivnyh plastinok i izmerenie tolshhiny okisi plenki (korrozija) s pomoshh'ju tokov Fuko obluchennyh plastinok dali otlich- nye rezul'taty. Dopolnitel'nye sposoby, kotorye okazalis' ves'ma cennymi, vkljuchajut obsledovanie zhidkih proniknovenij i opyty po zhidkomu azotu dlja treshhin na poverhnostjah, opyty po teplovomu otzhigu dlja okalin i g a m m a - skennirovanie obluchennyh plastin. Gid- ravlicheskoe ispytanie stabil'nyh obrazcov toplivnyh jelementov ispol'zuetsja dlja t o g o , chtoby podtverdit' strukturnuju celostnost', v osobennosti, silu soedinenija.toplivnyh plastinok. Vedutsja dal'nejshie raboty po uluchsheniju sushhestvujushhih metodov i po razrabotke novyh nedestruktivnyh metodov obsledovanija. (author)

Performance Characteristics of the Experimental Boiling Water Reactor from 0 to 100 MW(t); Performances de l'EBWR de 0 a 100 MW; Rabochaya kharakteristika ehksperimental'nogo kipyashchego reaktora EBWR pri moshchnosti 0 - 100 mgvt.; Rendimiento del reactor experimental de agua hirviente (EBWR) entre 0 y 100 MW

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Iskenderian, A.; Lipinski, W. C.; Petrick, M.; Wimunc, E. A. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1963-10-15

entonces de comportarse como reactor de agua hirviente de ciclo directo; en cierto modo, funciona como reactor de ciclo doble y circulacion natural. (author) [Russian] 25 maya 1962 goda Argonnskaya natsional'naya laboratoriya poluchila razreshenie KAEH SSHA na ehkspluatatsiyu reaktora EBWR na moshchnosti 100 mgvt. Administrativnoe razreshenie na ehkspluatatsiyu reaktora bylo predostavleno sistemoj garantij. Mezhdunarodnogo agentstva po atomnoj ehnergii 11 iyulya 1961 goda. 15 noyabrya 1962 goda byl dostignut uroven' moshchnosti v 100 mgvt. 6 dekabrya 1962 goda ehksperimental'naya programma byla zakonchena. Odnoj iz osnovnykh tselej ee byla tshchatel'naya proverka reaktora dlya polucheniya dannykh i informatsii rabochej kharakteristiki ehtogo tipa reaktora. Ehta programma byla pervoj programmoj takogo roda i pervoj vypolnennoj programmoj. Dlya polucheniya nuzhnykh dannykh neobkhodimo bylo razrabotat' mnogie novye pribory. TSel' byla dostignuta, polucheno mnogo novykh dannykh o rabochej kharakteristike kipyashchego reaktora s estestvennoj tsirkulyatsiej. Tak,naprimer, poluchena informatsiya otnositel'no skorosti potoka tsirkulyatsii v zamknutom tsikle, predelov separatsii zhidkogo para (vydelenie para v osadok v spusknoj trube i unos zhidkosti ehflu- entom para), nedogreva, lokalizatsii dejstvitel'noj poverkhnosti razdela v reaktore i ee svyazi s urovnem vodnoj kolonki, skorosti razrusheniya para v spusknoj trube, pustotnykh koehffitsientov, reaktivnoj sposobnosti H{sub 3}BO{sub 3}, temperaturnykh koehffitsientov, ispol'zovaniya sterzhnej iz bora dlya tselej kontrolya, ispol'zovaniya svezhikh toplivnykh ehlementov, peredatochnykh funktsij,analiza shuma, nekotorykh izmerenij potoka, stabil'nosti i t.d. Krome togo, byli polucheny dannye o povedenii i tselostnosti nekotorykh reaktornykh komponentov i sistem, takikh, kak bornokislaya kontrol'naya reaktsiya, urovni radiatsii, raspredelenie produktov korrozii, vykhod iz stroya oborudovaniya, toplivo i reguliruyushchie sterzhni i t

The Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant; La centrais nucleaire Enrico Fermi; Atomnaya ehlektrostantsiya im Ehnriko Fermi.; La central nucleoelectrica Enrico Fermi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hartwell, R. W. [Power Reactor Development Company, Detroit, MI (United States)

1963-10-15

nejtronakh moshchnost'yu 100 mgvt (ehl.) bylo v osnovnom zakoncheno v dekabre 1961 goda. V techenie poslednikh 16 mesyatsev provodilis' shirokie ispytaniya sistem i komponentov. Ehta predpuskovaya programma ispytaniya okazalas' ochen' poleznoj dlya proverki konstruktsii i dlya opredeleniya neobkhodimykh izmenenij. Vse voznikshie problemy okazalis' razreshimymi. V doklade kratko osveshchayutsya naibolee vatnye izmeneniya. Grafitovaya zashchita. V dekabre 1960 goda pervyj kontur byl zapolnen natriem i byli nachaty shirokie ispytaniya. Kogda byl snova otkryt zashchitnyj bak pervogo kontura posle ispytaniya pervogo kontura pri temperature 1000{sup o}F, bylo obnaruzheno, chto bol'shaya chast' grafitovogo bloka zashchity, ustanovlennogo vokrug reaktora, povrezhdena. Vysokotemperaturnye bloki, nasyshchennye borom, uvelichilis' v ob''eme i poteryali prochnost'. Provedennyj tshchatel'nyj analiz pokazal, chto grafitovaya svyaz' povrezhdena. Bylo resheno zamenit' ves' grafit, ispol'zovat' karbid bora v kachestve soedineniya, soderzhashchego bor, ustanovit' blok s pomoshch'yu mekhanicheskogo krepleniya i dovesti vlazhnost' do minimuma. Izmeneniya v korpuse reaktora. Byl proveden remont i vneseny izmeneniya v konstruktsiyu dlya ustraneniya prichiny zaedaniya sborok, dlya likvidatsii povrezhdeniya, kotoroe yavilos' rezul'tatom ehtogo, i dlya ustraneniya v dal'nejshem neispravnosti v peremeshchayushchem mekhanizme upravleniya. Pered remontom byl udalen peremeshchayushchij mekhanizm upravleniya, korpus reaktora byl osushen ot natriya. Posle ehtogo podgotovlennyj peroonvl v spetsial'nykh zashchitnykh kostyumakh byl dopushchen vnutr' korpusa reaktora. Vkhod v rabochuyu zonu obespechivalsya s pomoshch'yu spetsial'nogo- vozdushnogo shl'za, poskol'ku v korpuse reaktora imelsya argon. Izmeneniya parogeneratora. Vo vremya gidrostaticheskikh ispytanij parogeneratora No. 2 byli obnaruzheny techi v neskol'kikh trubkakh. Prichinoj neispravnosti trubok bylo ikh rastreskivanie v rezul'tate korrozii ot

Radioautography in the Study of Radioisotopically-Tagged Substances in Insect Control; L'autoradiographie dans l'etude de substances marquees au moy en de radioisotopes utilisees dans la lutte contre les insectes; Primenenie radioavtografii pri izuchenii substantsij, mechennykh radioizotopami, v bor'be s nasekomymi; La autorradiografia en el estudio de las sustancias marcadas con radioisotopos utilizadas en la lucha contra los insectos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joftes, D. L. [New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)

1963-09-15

preparatov yavlyaetsya pogruzhenie ikh v rasplavlennuyu massu fotoehmul'sii v temnote i zatem ochistka nizhnej poverkhnosti predmetnogo stekla. Posle ehtogo predmetnye stekla pomeshchayutsya v temnuyu kameru s sukhoj inertnoj atmosferoj i vyderzhivayutsya tam v techenie vremeni, opredelyaemogo ehmpiricheski. Zatem predmetnye stekla proyavlyayutsya, tshchatel'no promyvayutsya, i na nikh nadevayutsya zashchitnye stekla. Posle ehtogo predmetnye stekla gotovy dlya issledovaniya, tochno tak zhe, kak obychnye gistologicheskie preparaty pri vsekh uvelicheniyakh. Neznachitel'noe smeshchenie fokusa vverkh vvodit v pole zreniya radioavtograficheskij obrazets, kotoryj mozhet byt' takim obrazom legko izuchen pri sravnenii s tkan'yu. Daetsya podrobnoe opisanie metodov i neobkhodimogo laboratornogo oborudovaniya. (author)

Photofission of Even-Even Nuclei Near the Threshold; Photofission des Noyaux Pair-Pair au Voisinage du Seuil; 0424 041e 0422 041e 0414 0415 041b 0415 041d 0418 0415 0427 0415 0422 041d 041e - 0427 0415 0422 041d 042b 0425 042f 0414 0415 0420 0412 0411 041b 0418 0417 0418 041f 041e 0420 041e 0413 0410 ; Fotofision de los Nucleos Par-Par Cerca del Umbral

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rabotnov, N. S.; Smirenkin, G. N.; Soldatov, A. C.; Usachev, L. N. [Fiziko-Energeticheskij Institut, Obninsk, SSSR (Russian Federation); Kapica, S. P.; Cipenjuk, I. Ju.M. [Institut Fizicheskih Problem, Moskva, SSSR (Russian Federation)

1965-07-15

la cuestion de la paridad del estado fundamental del MaPu en relacion con los resultados de las mediciones de la distribucion angular de los fragmentos procedentes de la fotofision del {sup 239}Pu, donde se ha observado un cambio del signo de anisotropia, de conformidad con las previsiones teoricas para los canales K = 1 /2 y 3/2. (author) [Russian] Soobshhajutsja rezul'taty izmerenij uglovyh raspredelenij oskolkov pri fotodelenii U{sup 238}, Th{sup 232}, Pu{sup 240} i Pu{sup 239}, vypolnennyh na puchke gamma-kvantov tormoznogo izluchenija. Istochnikom gamma-izluchenija sluzhil mikrotron Instituta fizicheskih problem AN SSSR s moshhnost'ju puchka 12 Mjev. Ispol'zovanie mikrotrona v kachestve moshhnogo istochnika gamma-luchej pozvolilo proizvesti izmerenija uglovyh raspredelenij v naibolee interesnoj i do sih por ne izuchennoj oblasti jenergij gamma-kvantov s E{sub makc} < 6 Mjev. Dlja U{sup 238} issledovanija byli proizvedeny v diapazone jenergij ot 5,2 Mjev do 9,2 Mjev, dlja Th{sup 232} - ot 5,4 Mjev do 6,9 Mjev, dlja Pu{sup 240} - ot 5,4 Mjev do 7,9 Mjev i dlja Pu{sup 239} - ot 5,4 Mjev do 7,9 Mjev. Privodjatsja takzhe rezul'taty izmerenij uglovyh raspredelenij pri fotodjo- lenii U{sup 238} i Th{sup 232} gamma-luchami reakcii F{sup 19} (p, {alpha}{gamma}). Istochnikom gamma-izluchenija javljalas' tolstaja mishen' iz SaEg, obluchavshajasja protonami s jenergiej. 1,45 Mjev. - V rezul'tate jetih izmerenij udalos' ustanovit', v sootvetstvii s bol'shinstvom vypolt nennyh ranee jeksperimentov no v protivopolozhnost' dannym Lazarevoj i dr. i Forkmana i Juhansona, chto vklad delenij, svjazannyh s kvadrupol'nym pogloshheniem fotonov v polnoe sechenie delenija mal v oblasti jenergij E Less-Than-Or-Equal-To 6 MeV. Vpervye pokazano, chto v soglasii s teoreticheskimi predposylkami, osnovannymi na .modeli kanalov delenija O.Bora, otnositel'nyj ves kvadrupol'noj komponenty stanovitsja sushhestvennym tol'ko pri jenergijah vozbuzhdenija nizhe poroga 'dipol'nogo' delenija

Coincidence scanning with positron-emitting arsenic or copper in the diagnosis of focal intracranial disease; Exploration par coincidences avec l'Arsenic ou le Cuivre Emetteurs de Positrons dans le Diagnostic des Maladies intracraniennes localisees; Raspoznavanie ochagovykh vnutricherepnykh zabolevanij putem podscheta (skanirovaniya) sovpralenij s primeneniem mysh'yaka ili medi, vydelyayushchikh pozitrony; Exploracion por coincidencia con arsenico o cobre emisores de positrones en el diagnostico de enfermedades intracraneanas localizadas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sweet, William H; Mealey, John Jr; Brownell, Gordon L; Aronow, Saul [Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Neurosurgical Service and Physics Research Laboratory of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)

1959-07-01

pozitrotsefalogramm u (PTSG) i kartinu assimmetrii obshchego gamma-izlucheni ya ili assimmetrogammagramm u (AGG). Krome togo, ustanavlivaets ya pozitrotsefalogramm a vdol' strelovidnogo (sagittal'nogo) shva. Provedenie bokovogo issledovaniya trebuet 40 minut, a sagittal'nogo - 20 minut. Iz chisla imeyushchikhsya issledovanij, kotoroe prevyshaet 3000, nami prinyaty zdes' vo vnimanie lish' 285, provedennye v poslednie 3 1/2 goda na osoboj gruppe bol'nykh, sostoyashchej iz 334 chelovek, u kotorykh pochti vo vsekh sluchayakh byli obnaruzheny ochagovye obychno zanimayushchie izvestnoe prostranstvo porazheniya, i postavlen polnyj anatomicheskij i gistologicheski j diagnoz posle khirurgicheskogo vmeshatel'stva ili posmertnogo vskrytiya. V ehtoj gruppe udalos' postavit' pravil'nyj diagnoz v 80% pri issledovanii 249 opukholej mysh'yakom i b 70% - pri issledovanii 84 opukholej med'yu. V ranee provedennom issledovanii 207 bol'nykh odnorodnoj gruppy nam udalos' lokalizirovat' lish' 69% imeyushchikhsya opukholej. V tekushchej serii tol'ko 3 iz 83 glioblastom i 3 iz 34 megshngom ne byli obnaruzheny metodom mysh'yaka. Pri pomoshchi mysh'yaka okazalos' vozmozhnym lokalizirovat ' po men'shej mere u 85 iz 100 bol'pykh s odnim ili bol'shim chislom zlokachestvenny kh metastazov. Primenenie medi ne dalo takikh polozhitel'nykh rezul'tatov ni v odnoj iz ehtikh trekh osnovnykh kategorij. Po issledovanii mysh'yakom 182 opukholej odnogo ili oboikh polusharij mozga pravil'nyj diagnoz byl postavlen v 165 sluchayakh, to est' 91 %; primenenie medi opravdalos' v 81 % sluchaev, prichem issledovano bylo 64 patsienta takogo tipa. Tak kak pri angiografii i pnevmografii nezamechennymi ostayutsya imenno nebol'shie opukholi mozga, v to vremya, kogda oni eshche poddayutsya udaleniyu khirurgicheskim putem, to vozmozhnost' ikh raspoznavaniya yavlyaetsya v nastoyashchee vremya naibolee znachitel'nym preimushchestvom rassmatrivaemogo metoda. V protivoves ehtomu my dobilis' lish' ves'ma neznachitel'ny kh rezul'tatov pri

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia - Dissertações Defendidas 2002 - Mestrado - Instituto de Geociências - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2002-01-01

fronteira norte, essas redes provocaram alterações na organização espacial: uma intensa urbanização, uma incipiente diferenciação na hierarquia urbana e a desagregação das atividades extrativas e de subsistência que prevaleciam na fronteira norte até então. Além disso, atraíram imigrantes dos países vizinhos e de outras regiões do país em busca de trabalho ou de oportunidades de enriquecimento, o que garantiu a subsistência dessas cidades e conferiu a região um traço cultural característico. Essa capacidade relacional, desenvolvida de forma tácita através da atuação de agentes nas escalas sub-nacional e supranacional, contribuiu para diferenciar o subespaço Tabatinga-Letícia de seu entorno imediato. O conhecimento das inúmeras transações formais e informais realizadas entre as cidades de fronteira poderá incrementar a cooperação transfronteiriça e gerar alternativas econômicas para esses espaços que tem sido constantemente utilizados por redes de tráfico de drogas e contrabando. Autor: Débora Rodrigues Barbosa Orientador: Josilda R. da Silva de Moura Título: O conforto ambiental na interface saúde-meio ambiente na área central da Região Administrativa de Bangu – município do Rio de Janeiro Resumo: A área de estudo compreende a área central da Região Administrativa de Bangu, no município do Rio de Janeiro e vem sofrendo inúmeras conseqüências da degradação ambiental, que se fazem sentir na saúde da população. Nesse sentido, esse estudo procura analisar as relações entre a redução da qualidade ambiental e suas repercussões na saúde pública regional, sob a ótica da Geografia Médica. Para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas foram utilizadas técnicas de Geoprocessamento, análises dos dados meteorológicos e de saúde coletiva, bem como aplicação de questionários para investigação da percepção ambiental da população local. Os resultados apontaram para a sensível percepção ambiental e desconforto t