La obesidad

OpenAIRE

Valderrama Mejía, Rodrigo; Fundación Valle de Lili

2000-01-01

¿Qué es la obesidad?/ ¿Qué causa la obesidad?/Factores implicados en el desarrollo de la obesidad/ ¿Qué tan frecuente es el exceso de peso?/Problemas médicos asociados a la obesidad/Guías de manejo.

Crystallographic study of FABP5 as an intracellular endocannabinoid transporter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sanson, Benoît; Wang, Tao; Sun, Jing; Wang, Liqun; Kaczocha, Martin; Ojima, Iwao; Deutsch, Dale; Li, Huilin

2014-01-01

FABP5 was recently found to intracellularly transport endocannabinoid signaling lipids. The structures of FABP5 complexed with two endocannabinoids and an inhibitor were solved. Human FABP5 was found to dimerize via a domain-swapping mechanism. This work will help in the development of inhibitors to raise endocannabinoid levels. In addition to binding intracellular fatty acids, fatty-acid-binding proteins (FABPs) have recently been reported to also transport the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), arachidonic acid derivatives that function as neurotransmitters and mediate a diverse set of physiological and psychological processes. To understand how the endocannabinoids bind to FABPs, the crystal structures of FABP5 in complex with AEA, 2-AG and the inhibitor BMS-309403 were determined. These ligands are shown to interact primarily with the substrate-binding pocket via hydrophobic interactions as well as a common hydrogen bond to the Tyr131 residue. This work advances our understanding of FABP5–endocannabinoid interactions and may be useful for future efforts in the development of small-molecule inhibitors to raise endocannabinoid levels

Crystallographic study of FABP5 as an intracellular endocannabinoid transporter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanson, Benoît; Wang, Tao [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 (United States); Sun, Jing; Wang, Liqun; Kaczocha, Martin [Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5213 (United States); Ojima, Iwao [Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 1794-3400 (United States); Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400 (United States); Deutsch, Dale, E-mail: dale.deutsch@stonybrook.edu [Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5213 (United States); Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400 (United States); Li, Huilin, E-mail: dale.deutsch@stonybrook.edu [Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000 (United States); Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5213 (United States); Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400 (United States)

2014-02-01

FABP5 was recently found to intracellularly transport endocannabinoid signaling lipids. The structures of FABP5 complexed with two endocannabinoids and an inhibitor were solved. Human FABP5 was found to dimerize via a domain-swapping mechanism. This work will help in the development of inhibitors to raise endocannabinoid levels. In addition to binding intracellular fatty acids, fatty-acid-binding proteins (FABPs) have recently been reported to also transport the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), arachidonic acid derivatives that function as neurotransmitters and mediate a diverse set of physiological and psychological processes. To understand how the endocannabinoids bind to FABPs, the crystal structures of FABP5 in complex with AEA, 2-AG and the inhibitor BMS-309403 were determined. These ligands are shown to interact primarily with the substrate-binding pocket via hydrophobic interactions as well as a common hydrogen bond to the Tyr131 residue. This work advances our understanding of FABP5–endocannabinoid interactions and may be useful for future efforts in the development of small-molecule inhibitors to raise endocannabinoid levels.

Intestinal fatty acid binding protein Ala54Thr polymorphism is associated with peripheral atherosclerosis combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Science.gov (United States)

Khattab, Salma A; Abo-Elmatty, Dina M; Ghattas, Maivel H; Mesbah, Noha M; Mehanna, Eman T

2017-09-01

Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) is expressed in enterocytes and binds saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids. The FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism has been reported to effect lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between this polymorphism and peripheral atherosclerosis combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in an Egyptian population. The study was performed on 100 T2DM patients with peripheral atherosclerosis and 100 control subjects. The Ala54Thr polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, whereas serum FABP2 levels were determined using ELISA. Fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin concentrations, HbA1c, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) were determined. There was a higher frequency of the Thr54 allele among the patient group (P = 0.002). In Ala54/Thr54 heterozygotes and carriers of the rare Thr54/Thr54 genotype, there were significant increases in BMI and FABP2. Those with the Thr54/Thr54 genotype had significantly decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations; in addition, those with the Thr54/Thr54 genotype had significantly higher SBP and DBP than subjects with the Ala54/Ala54 and Ala54/Thr54 genotypes. There was a positive correlation between FABP2 levels and BMI, SBP and DBP, and a negative correlation with HDL-C. The Thr54 allele of the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism was associated with an increased incidence of peripheral atherosclerosis combined with T2DM in the population studied. © 2016 Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein levels in Necrotizing Enterocolitis correlate with extent of necrotic bowel: results from a multicenter study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Heida, F.H.; Hulscher, J.B.; Schurink, M.; Timmer, A.; Kooi, E.M.; Bos, A.F; Bruggink, J.L.; Kasper, D.C.; Pones, M.; Benkoe, T.

2015-01-01

BACKGROUND: Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) is considered as a specific marker for enterocyte damage in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of plasma and urinary I-FABP levels with the extent of macroscopic intestinal

Rapid reversal of human intestinal ischemia-reperfusion induced damage by shedding of injured enterocytes and reepithelialisation.

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Joep P M Derikx

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR is a phenomenon related to physiological conditions (e.g. exercise, stress and to pathophysiological events (e.g. acute mesenteric ischemia, aortic surgery. Although intestinal IR has been studied extensively in animals, results remain inconclusive and data on human intestinal IR are scarce. Therefore, an experimental harmless model for human intestinal IR was developed, enabling us to clarify the sequelae of human intestinal IR for the first time. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In 30 patients undergoing pancreatico-duodenectomy we took advantage of the fact that in this procedure a variable length of jejunum is removed. Isolated jejunum (5 cm was subjected to 30 minutes ischemia followed by reperfusion. Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP arteriovenous concentration differences across the bowel segment were measured before and after ischemia to assess epithelial cell damage. Tissue sections were collected after ischemia and at 25, 60 and 120 minutes reperfusion and stained with H&E, and for I-FABP and the apoptosis marker M30. Bonferroni's test was used to compare I-FABP differences. Mean (SEM arteriovenous concentration gradients of I-FABP across the jejunum revealed rapidly developing epithelial cell damage. I-FABP release significantly increased from 290 (46 pg/ml before ischemia towards 3,997 (554 pg/ml immediately after ischemia (p<0.001 and declined gradually to 1,143 (237 pg/ml within 1 hour reperfusion (p<0.001. Directly after ischemia the intestinal epithelial lining was microscopically normal, while subepithelial spaces appeared at the villus tip. However, after 25 minutes reperfusion, enterocyte M30 immunostaining was observed at the villus tip accompanied by shedding of mature enterocytes into the lumen and loss of I-FABP staining. Interestingly, within 60 minutes reperfusion the epithelial barrier resealed, while debris of apoptotic, shedded epithelial cells was observed in the lumen

A population frequency analysis of the FABP2 gene polymorphism

African Journals Online (AJOL)

salah

DNA was extracted from blood samples for genotype analysis. A PCR-RFLP ... Thr54 genotype. The frequencies of the allele Ala54 and the allele Thr54 of the .... Table 2: Genotype percentages and allele frequencies of FABP2 polymorphism in various ethnic groups. Study Group (n). Genotype %. Allele frequency. P. (vs.

Molecular cloning and tissue expression of the fatty acid-binding protein (Es-FABP gene in female Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis

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He Lin

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs, small cytosolic proteins that function in the uptake and utilization of fatty acids, have been extensively studied in higher vertebrates while invertebrates have received little attention despite similar nutritional requirements during periods of reproductive activity. Results Therefore, a cDNA encoding Eriocheir sinensis FABP (Es-FABP was cloned based upon EST analysis of a hepatopancreas cDNA library. The full length cDNA was 750 bp and encoded a 131 aa polypeptide that was highly homologous to related genes reported in shrimp. The 9108 bp Es-FABP gene contained four exons that were interrupted by three introns, a genomic organization common among FABP multigene family members in vertebrates. Gene expression analysis, as determined by RT-PCR, revealed the presence of Es-FABP transcripts in hepatopancreas, hemocytes, ovary, gills, muscle, thoracic ganglia, heart, and intestine, but not stomach or eyestalk. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that Es-FABP expression in ovary, hemocytes, and hepatopancreas was dependent on the status of ovarian development, with peak expression observed in January. Conclusions Evidence provided in the present report supports a role of Es-FABP in lipid transport during the period of rapid ovarian growth in E. sinensis, and indirectly confirms the participation of the hepatopancreas, ovary, and hemocytes in lipid nutrient absorption and utilization processes.

Gene expression analysis of FABP4 in gastric cancer

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Abdulkarim Yasin Karim

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Purpose: Gastric cancer has high incidence and mortality rate in several countries and is still one of the most frequent and lethal disease. In this study, we aimed to determine diagnostic markers in gastric cancer by molecular techniques; include mRNA expression analysis of FABP4 gene. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4 gene encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in adipocytes. The protein encoded by FABP4 are a family of small, highly conserved, cytoplasmic proteins that bind long-chain fatty acids and other hydrophobic ligands. It is thought that FABPs roles include fatty acid uptake, transport, and metabolism. Material and Methods: Total RNA were extracted from paired tumor and normal tissues of 47 gastric cancer. The mRNA expression level of FABP4 was measured employing semi- quantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR. Results: The mRNA expression level of FABP4 was significantly decreased (down- regulated. Conclusion: Down-regulation of FABP4 gene seems to occur at the initial steps of gastric cancer development. In order to confirm the relationship between the gastric tumor and FABP4 gene, further analysis like immunohistochemistry and epigenetc techniques are necessary. [Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(2.000: 248-252

Intestinal Integrity Biomarkers in Early Antiretroviral-Treated Perinatally HIV-1-Infected Infants.

Science.gov (United States)

Koay, Wei Li A; Lindsey, Jane C; Uprety, Priyanka; Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa; Weinberg, Adriana; Levin, Myron J; Persaud, Deborah

2018-05-12

Biomarkers of intestinal integrity (intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) and zonulin), were compared in early antiretroviral-treated, HIV-1-infected (HIV+; n=56) African infants and HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU; n=53) controls. Despite heightened inflammation and immune activation in HIV+ infants, iFABP and zonulin levels at three months of age were not different from those in HEU infants, and largely not correlated with inflammatory and immune activation biomarkers. However, zonulin levels increased, and became significantly higher in HIV+ compared to HEU infants by five months of age despite ART-suppression. These findings have implications for intestinal integrity biomarker profiling in perinatal HIV-1 infection.

Ala54Thr fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2 polymorphism in recurrent depression: associations with fatty acid concentrations and waist circumference.

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Roel J T Mocking

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Fatty acid (FA-alterations may mediate the mutual association between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD and cardiovascular disease (CVD. However, etiology of observed FA-alterations in MDD and CVD remains largely unclear. An interesting candidate may be a mutation in the fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2-gene, because it regulates dietary FA-uptake. Therefore, we aimed to test the hypotheses that in MDD-patients the FABP2 Ala54Thr-polymorphism would be (I more prevalent than in sex- and age-matched controls, (II associated with observed alterations in FA-metabolism, and (III associated with CVD-risk factor waist circumference. METHODS: We measured concentrations of 29 different erythrocyte FAs, FABP2-genotype, and waist circumference in recurrent MDD-patients and matched never-depressed controls. RESULTS: FABP2-genotype distribution did not significantly differ between the 137 MDD-patients and 73 matched controls. However, patients with the Ala54Thr-polymorphism had (I higher concentrations of especially eicosadienoic acid (C20:2ω6; P=.009 and other 20-carbon FAs, and associated (II lower waist circumference (P=.019. In addition, FABP2-genotype effects on waist circumference in patients seemed (I mediated by its effect on C20:2ω6, and (II different from controls. CONCLUSIONS: Although Ala54Thr-polymorphism distribution was not associated with recurrent MDD, our results indicate that FABP2 may play a role in the explanation of observed FA-alterations in MDD. For Ala54Thr-polymorphism patients, potentially adaptive conversion of increased bioavailable dietary precursors into eicosadienoic acid instead of arachidonic acid might be related to a low waist circumference. Because this is the first investigation of these associations, replication is warranted, preferably by nutrigenetic studies applying lipidomics and detailed dietary assessment.

Obesidad

OpenAIRE

Hervera Abad, Marta

2007-01-01

La obesidad es actualmente el problema relacionado con la alimentación más común entre los animales de compañía en los países desarrollados. Entre un 25 y un 40% de las mascotas padecen sobrepeso u obesidad, y esta proporción parece tender a aumentar.

Association of ACE, FABP2 and GST genes polymorphism with essential hypertension risk among a North Indian population.

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Abbas, Shania; Raza, Syed Tasleem; Chandra, Anu; Rizvi, Saliha; Ahmed, Faisal; Eba, Ale; Mahdi, Farzana

2015-01-01

Hypertension has a multi-factorial background based on genetic and environmental interactive factors. ACE, FABP2 and GST genes have been suggested to be involved in the development of hypertension. However, the results have been inconsistent. The present study was carried out to investigate the association of ACE (rs4646994), FABP2 (rs1799883) and GST (GSTM1 null or positive genotype and GSTT1 null or positive genotype) genes polymorphism with essential HTN cases and controls. This study includes 138 essential hypertension (HTN) patients and 116 age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched control subjects. GST (GSTM1 null or positive genotype and GSTT1 null or positive genotype) genes polymorphisms were evaluated by multiplex PCR, ACE (rs4646994) gene polymorphisms by PCR and FABP2 (rs1799883) gene polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP method. Significant differences were obtained in the frequencies of ACE DD, II genotype (p = 0.006, 0.003), GSTT1 null, GSTM1 positive genotype (p = 0.048, 0.010) and FABP2 Ala54/Ala54 genotype (p = 0.049) between essential HTN cases and controls. It is concluded that ACE (rs 4646994), FABP2 (rs1799883) and GST (GSTM1 null or positive genotype and GSTT1 null or positive genotype) genes polymorphism are associated with HTN. Further investigation with a larger sample size may be required to validate this study.

The Occurrence of Antibodies Against Gluten in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Does Not Correlate with Serological Markers of Impaired Intestinal Permeability.

Science.gov (United States)

Józefczuk, Jan; Konopka, Ewa; Bierła, Joanna Beata; Trojanowska, Ilona; Sowińska, Agnieszka; Czarnecki, Rafał; Sobol, Lucjan; Józefczuk, Paweł; Surdy, Weronika; Cukrowska, Bożena

2018-02-01

There is evidence that children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) display an increased immune reactivity against gluten, which is supposed to be the effect of intestinal barrier abnormalities. The aim of study was to evaluate the relation of antibody induced by gluten to zonulin and intestinal fatty acid binding proteins (I-FABP), that is, serological markers of an impaired gut barrier. The study included 77 patients with ASDs. Zonulin, I-FABP, celiac-specific antibodies, anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA), and antibodies against neural transglutaminase 6 (TG6) of immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG classes were detected in sera. Celiac-specific antibodies were negative in all ASD children, four children (5.2%) had positive anti-TG6 antibodies, and increased AGA-IgG production was found in 21 patients (27.3%). Mean levels of zonulin and I-FABP in ASD patients were similar to those found in healthy controls and revealed a negative correlation with age, whereas regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between antibody production and the age. Serum concentrations of zonulin and I-FABP showed no statistically significant association with antibody positivity. An increased production of antibodies related to gliadin and neural TG6 in ASD children is not related to serological markers of an impaired intestinal barrier.

Rosuvastatin Decreases Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP), but Does Not Alter Zonulin or Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP) Levels, in HIV-Infected Subjects on Antiretroviral Therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Funderburg, Nicholas T; Boucher, Morgan; Sattar, Abdus; Kulkarni, Manjusha; Labbato, Danielle; Kinley, Bruce I; McComsey, Grace A

2016-01-01

Altered gastrointestinal (GI) barrier integrity and subsequent microbial translocation may contribute to immune activation in HIV infection. We have reported that rosuvastatin improved several markers of immune activation in HIV+ participants, but the effect of statin treatment on markers of GI barrier dysfunction is unknown. SATURN-HIV is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the effect of rosuvastatin (10mg/daily) on markers of cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and immune activation in ART-treated patients. Gut-barrier integrity was assessed by the surrogate markers intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), a marker of enterocyte death, and zonulin-1, a marker of gut epithelial cell function. Levels of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were measured as a marker of microbial translocation. Rosuvastatin significantly reduced levels of I-FABP during the treatment period compared to the placebo. There was no effect of rosuvastatin treatment on levels of zonulin or LBP. Baseline levels of LBP were directly related to several markers of immune activation in samples from all participants, including soluble CD163, IP-10, VCAM-1, TNFR-II, and the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing CD38 and HLA-DR. Many of these relationships, however, were not seen in the statin arm alone at baseline or over time, as inflammatory markers often decreased and LBP levels were unchanged. Forty-eight weeks of rosuvastatin treatment reduced levels of I-FABP, but did not affect levels of zonulin or LBP. The reduction in levels of inflammatory markers that we have reported with rosuvastatin treatment is likely mediated through other mechanisms not related to gut integrity or microbial translocation.

La microbiota intestinal : un nuevo factor para prevenir la obesidad y la diabetes

OpenAIRE

Navarro del Cabo, Sonia

2016-01-01

RESUMEN: La obesidad y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 son las nuevas epidemias del siglo XXI. Ambas son atribuidas a una combinación de la susceptibilidad genética y los factores relacionados con la vida diaria. El aumento de la prevalencia de dichas enfermedades, ha requerido nuevos estudios que identifiquen otros factores causales para así desarrollar tratamientos innovadores para frenar este crecimiento exponencial. Un novedoso agente ha emergido como posible diana terapéutica, la microbio...

MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL Y SU INFLUENCIA EN EL SÍNDROME METABÓLICO

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Bertha Maggi De Monserrate

2016-04-01

Full Text Available La pandemia de la obesidad, diabetes mellitus 2, enfermedades cardiovasculares son la mejor prueba de que el tratamiento para estas patologías han fracasado, hasta ahora se ha intervenido en el factor genético y ambiental; pero surge como un posible tercer factor, la microbiota intestinal que podría estar relacionada con el síndrome metabólico el cual se ha comprobado es causante de las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles anteriores citadas. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, que permita dilucidar la situación actual de las investigaciones que establecen una relación entre la microbiota intestinal y el Síndrome metabólico. La clave para esta hipótesis fue el paradigma emergente de la esencia natural de las comunidades microbianas complejas y su importancia para la biología de los mamíferos, la salud y las enfermedades humanas. Dos proyectos llevan a cabo la tarea de descifrar la estructura y funcionalidad de la flora intestinal humana, así como su relación con estados de enfermedad, el Proyecto MetaHIT y el Proyecto de la Microbiota Humana(2007, otros autores como Diaman et al (2011, Robles-Alonso, Guarner F. (2013, Devaraj S (2013, Fernández Palomares (2013, entre otros han estudiado directamente síndrome metabólico-obesidad y diabetes mellitus 2 y microbiota intestinal. La determinación de los microrganismos de la microbiota se analiza mediante metagenómica y la secuenciación de genes ARNr 16S en heces. El desequilibrio de la microbiota intestinal (disbiosis afecta la obtención de nutrientes, energía y un sinfín de rutas metabólicas del huésped. El avance de estos estudios han determinando una mejor comprensión del papel de la microbiota intestinal en la obesidad, síndrome metabólico, diabetes mellitus 2 y enfermedades cardiovasculares.

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) genes polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Northern India.

Science.gov (United States)

Raza, Syed Tasleem; Fatima, Jalees; Ahmed, Faisal; Abbas, Shania; Zaidi, Zeashan Haider; Singh, Seema; Mahdi, Farzana

2014-12-01

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing in an epidemic manner across the world with an expected doubling of the incidence to millions of affected individuals in the last decades. At present, adequate data are not available regarding the ACE and FABP2 polymorphisms and their susceptibility with T2DM cases in the North Indian population. Thus we conceived the need for further study of ACE (I/D) and FABP2 (Ala54Thr) genes polymorphism and its susceptibility to T2DM in the North Indian population. In this study, a total of 300 subjects (including 190 T2DM cases and 110 controls) participated. ACE and FABP2 gene polymorphisms in the cases and controls were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The frequencies of ACE I/I, I/D and D/D genotypes in T2DM cases and controls were 28.73%, 55.17%, 16.09% and 13.63%, 57.95%, 28.40%, respectively. The frequencies of FABP2 Ala54Ala, Ala54Thr and Thr54Thr in T2DM cases were 18.39%, 66.66%, 14.94% and 22.72%, 61.36%, 15.90% in controls, respectively. ACE I/I genotype was significantly more frequent in cases as compared to controls (p = 0.003, χ(2) = 9.13). It appears that the ACE I/I genotype frequency was significantly higher in the T2DM cases as compared to the controls. © The Author(s) 2013.

Obesidad y embarazo

OpenAIRE

Dr. Barrera H. Garlos; Dr. Germain A. Alfredo

2012-01-01

La mujer en edad reproductiva y especialmente la embarazada muestra cifras alarmantes de mal nutrición por exceso. El año 2009 el sobrepeso alcanzaba 32,0% y la obesidad 20,9% en embarazadas, según cifras del INE. La retención de peso a los seis meses post parto mostraba valores de 33,4% y 22,2% de sobrepeso y obesidad, respectivamente. En estas mujeres se observa mayor incidencia de aborto, mayor tasa de fracaso en técnicas de fertilidad y mayor incidencia de parto prematuro, preeclampsia, d...

Early Diagnosis of Intestinal Ischemia Using Urinary and Plasma Fatty Acid Binding Proteins

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thuijls, Geertje; van Wijck, Kim; Grootjans, Joep; Derikx, Joep P. M.; van Bijnen, Annemarie A.; Heineman, Erik; Dejong, Cornelis H. C.; Buurman, Wim A.; Poeze, Martijn

Objective: This study aims at improving diagnosis of intestinal ischemia, by measuring plasma and urinary fatty acid binding protein (FABP) levels. Methods: Fifty consecutive patients suspected of intestinal ischemia were included and blood and urine were sampled at time of suspicion. Plasma and

New insights into circulating FABP4: Interaction with cytokeratin 1 on endothelial cell membranes.

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Saavedra, Paula; Girona, Josefa; Bosquet, Alba; Guaita, Sandra; Canela, Núria; Aragonès, Gemma; Heras, Mercedes; Masana, Lluís

2015-11-01

Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipose tissue-secreted adipokine that is involved in the regulation of energetic metabolism and inflammation. Increased levels of circulating FABP4 have been detected in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that FABP4 has a direct effect on peripheral tissues, specifically promoting vascular dysfunction; however, its mechanism of action is unknown. The objective of this work was to assess the specific interactions between exogenous FABP4 and the plasma membranes of endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence assays showed that exogenous FABP4 localized along the plasma membranes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), interacting specifically with plasma membrane proteins. Anti-FABP4 immunoblotting revealed two covalent protein complexes containing FABP4 and its putative receptor; these complexes were approximately 108 kDa and 77 kDa in size. Proteomics and mass spectrometry experiments revealed that cytokeratin 1 (CK1) was the FABP4-binding protein. An anti-CK1 immunoblot confirmed the presence of CK1. FABP4-CK1 complexes were also detected in HAECs, HCASMCs, HepG2 cells and THP-1 cells. Pharmacological FABP4 inhibition by BMS309403 results in a slight decrease in the formation of these complexes, indicating that fatty acids may play a role in FABP4 functionality. In addition, we demonstrated that exogenous FABP4 crosses the plasma membrane to enter the cytoplasm and nucleus in HUVECs. These findings indicate that exogenous FABP4 interacts with plasma membrane proteins, specifically CK1. These data contribute to our current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of circulating FABP4.

[Interaction of FABP4 with plasma membrane proteins of endothelial cells].

Science.gov (United States)

Saavedra, Paula; Girona, Josefa; Aragonès, Gemma; Cabré, Anna; Guaita, Sandra; Heras, Mercedes; Masana, Lluís

2015-01-01

Fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) is an adipose tissue-secreted adipokine implicated in the regulation of the energetic metabolism and inflammation. High levels of circulating FABP4 have been described in people with obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Recent studies have demonstrated that FABP4 could have a direct effect on peripheral tissues and, specifically, on vascular function. It is still unknown how the interaction between FABP4 and the endothelial cells is produced to prompt these effects on vascular function. The objective of this work is studying the interaction between FABP4 and the plasma membrane proteins of endothelial cells. HUVEC cells were incubated with and without FABP4 (100 ng/ml) for 5 minutes. Immunolocalization of FABP4 was studied by confocal microscopy. The results showed that FABP4 colocalizates with CD31, a membrane protein marker. A strategy which combines 6XHistidine-tag FABP4 (FABP4-His), incubations with or without FABP4-His (100 ng/ml), formaldehyde cross-linking, cellular membrane protein extraction and western blot, was designed to study the FABP4 interactions with membrane proteins of HUVECs. The results showed different western blot profiles depending of the incubation with or without FABP4-His. The immunoblot revelead three covalent protein complexes of about 108, 77 and 33 kDa containing FAPB4 and its putative receptor. The existence of a specific binding protein complex able to bind FABP4 to endothelial cells is supported by these results. The obtained results will permit us advance in the molecular knowledge of FABP4 effects as well as use this protein and its receptor as therapeutic target to prevent cardiovascular. Copyright © 2014 Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

FABP7 and HMGCS2 are novel protein markers for apocrine differentiation categorizing apocrine carcinoma of the breast

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gromov, Pavel; Espinoza, Jaime A.; Talman, Maj-Lis

2014-01-01

from other breast lesions, no standard molecular criteria are currently available for their diagnosis. Using gel-based proteomics in combination with mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry we have identified two novel markers, HMGCS2 and FABP7 that categorize the entire breast apocrine...... differentiation spectrum from benign metaplasia and cysts to invasive stages. Expression of HMGCS2 and FABP7 is strongly associated with apocrine differentiation; their expression is retained by most invasive apocrine carcinomas (IAC) showing positive immunoreactivity in 100% and 78% of apocrine carcinomas......, respectively, as compared to non-apocrine tumors (16.7% and 6.8%). The nuclear localization of FABP7 in tumor cells was shown to be associated with more aggressive stages of apocrine carcinomas. In addition, when added to the panel of apocrine biomarkers previously reported by our group: 15-PGDH, HMGCR...

Protective effects of ischemic postconditioning on intestinal

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DING Jun-tao

2011-04-01

Full Text Available 【Abstract】Objective: To explore the protective effects of two types of ischemic postconditioning (IP on intestinal mucosa barrier in rabbits with crush injury of the hind limb. Methods: This study was conducted between August and December 2008 in the Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. The model of crush injury to the hind limb of rabbits was firstly developed by a 25 kg object with the right hind limbs fixed by wooden splints, and then two types of IP were established, including occluding/opening the common iliac artery and vein alternatively (traditional IP, IP A and binding/loosening the proximum of the injured hind limb alternatively (modified IP, IP B. Thirty-six male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: IP A group, IP B group and control group, with 12 rabbits in each group. The serum levels of diamine oxidase (DAO and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP were detected at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after injury. Pathological changes of ileum were examined at 24 hours after injury. Results: The serum levels of I-FABP at 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after injury in both IP A and IP B groups had a significant decrease, compared with control group. DAO levels also showed the same change trend at 2 and 6 hours after injury, but showed no significant difference between two IP groups. No difference in pathological changes of ileum was found among the three groups. Conclusions: IP can protect intestinal mucosa barrier function on the model of hind limb crush injury in rabbits. Meanwhile the modified IP B shows the same protection as the traditional IP A, and is worth applying in clinic. Key words: Ischemic postconditioning; Crush syndrome; Intestinal mucosa

Cardiomyocyte Overexpression of FABP4 Aggravates Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Hypertrophy.

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Ji Zhang

Full Text Available Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4 is a member of the intracellular lipid-binding protein family, responsible for the transportation of fatty acids. It is considered to express mainly in adipose tissues, and be strongly associated with inflammation, obesity, diabetes and cardiovasculardiseases. Here we report that FABP4 is also expressed in cardiomyocytes and plays an important role in regulating heart function under pressure overload. We generated heart-specific transgenic FABP4 (FABP4-TG mice using α myosin-heavy chain (α-MHC promoter and human FABP4 sequence, resulting in over-expression of FABP4 in cardiomyocytes. The FABP4-TG mice displayed normal cardiac morphology and contractile function. When they were subjected to the transverse aorta constriction (TAC procedure, the FABP4-TG mice developed more cardiac hypertrophy correlated with significantly increased ERK phosphorylation, compared with wild type controls. FABP4 over-expression in cardiomyocytes activated phosphor-ERK signal and up-regulate the expression of cardiac hypertrophic marker genes. Conversely, FABP4 induced phosphor-ERK signal and hypertrophic gene expressions can be markedly inhibited by an ERK inhibitor PD098059 as well as the FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403. These results suggest that FABP4 over-expression in cardiomyocytes can aggravate the development of cardiac hypertrophy through the activation of ERK signal pathway.

Fatty acid binding proteins have the potential to channel dietary fatty acids into enterocyte nuclei[S

Science.gov (United States)

Esteves, Adriana; Knoll-Gellida, Anja; Canclini, Lucia; Silvarrey, Maria Cecilia; André, Michèle; Babin, Patrick J.

2016-01-01

Intracellular lipid binding proteins, including fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) 1 and 2, are highly expressed in tissues involved in the active lipid metabolism. A zebrafish model was used to demonstrate differential expression levels of fabp1b.1, fabp1b.2, and fabp2 transcripts in liver, anterior intestine, and brain. Transcription levels of fabp1b.1 and fabp2 in the anterior intestine were upregulated after feeding and modulated according to diet formulation. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy immunodetection with gold particles localized these FABPs in the microvilli, cytosol, and nuclei of most enterocytes in the anterior intestinal mucosa. Nuclear localization was mostly in the interchromatin space outside the condensed chromatin clusters. Native PAGE binding assay of BODIPY-FL-labeled FAs demonstrated binding of BODIPY-FLC12 but not BODIPY-FLC5 to recombinant Fabp1b.1 and Fabp2. The binding of BODIPY-FLC12 to Fabp1b.1 was fully displaced by oleic acid. In vivo experiments demonstrated, for the first time, that intestinal absorption of dietary BODIPY-FLC12 was followed by colocalization of the labeled FA with Fabp1b and Fabp2 in the nuclei. These data suggest that dietary FAs complexed with FABPs are able to reach the enterocyte nucleus with the potential to modulate nuclear activity. PMID:26658423

Fatty acid binding proteins have the potential to channel dietary fatty acids into enterocyte nuclei.

Science.gov (United States)

Esteves, Adriana; Knoll-Gellida, Anja; Canclini, Lucia; Silvarrey, Maria Cecilia; André, Michèle; Babin, Patrick J

2016-02-01

Intracellular lipid binding proteins, including fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) 1 and 2, are highly expressed in tissues involved in the active lipid metabolism. A zebrafish model was used to demonstrate differential expression levels of fabp1b.1, fabp1b.2, and fabp2 transcripts in liver, anterior intestine, and brain. Transcription levels of fabp1b.1 and fabp2 in the anterior intestine were upregulated after feeding and modulated according to diet formulation. Immunofluorescence and electron microscopy immunodetection with gold particles localized these FABPs in the microvilli, cytosol, and nuclei of most enterocytes in the anterior intestinal mucosa. Nuclear localization was mostly in the interchromatin space outside the condensed chromatin clusters. Native PAGE binding assay of BODIPY-FL-labeled FAs demonstrated binding of BODIPY-FLC(12) but not BODIPY-FLC(5) to recombinant Fabp1b.1 and Fabp2. The binding of BODIPY-FLC(12) to Fabp1b.1 was fully displaced by oleic acid. In vivo experiments demonstrated, for the first time, that intestinal absorption of dietary BODIPY-FLC(12) was followed by colocalization of the labeled FA with Fabp1b and Fabp2 in the nuclei. These data suggest that dietary FAs complexed with FABPs are able to reach the enterocyte nucleus with the potential to modulate nuclear activity. Copyright © 2016 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Obesidad y embarazo

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Dr. Barrera H. Garlos

2012-03-01

Full Text Available La mujer en edad reproductiva y especialmente la embarazada muestra cifras alarmantes de mal nutrición por exceso. El año 2009 el sobrepeso alcanzaba 32,0% y la obesidad 20,9% en embarazadas, según cifras del INE. La retención de peso a los seis meses post parto mostraba valores de 33,4% y 22,2% de sobrepeso y obesidad, respectivamente. En estas mujeres se observa mayor incidencia de aborto, mayor tasa de fracaso en técnicas de fertilidad y mayor incidencia de parto prematuro, preeclampsia, diabetes gestacional, tasa de cesáreas y macrosomía fetal. Por otra parte, los hijos de mujeres obesas tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar obesidad y secuelas metabólicas. Variadas estrategias se han diseñado a objeto de regular el incremento de peso durante el embarazo, así como requerimientos específicos en el control prenatal, tendientes a un cuidado de las gestantes obesas. La cirugía bariátrica se presenta como una auspiciosa alternativa.

Lack of association between the fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) polymorphism with obesity and insulin resistance in two aboriginal populations from Chile.

Science.gov (United States)

Pérez-Bravo, F; Fuentes, M; Angel, B; Sanchez, H; Carrasco, E; Santos, J L; Lera, L; Albala, C

2006-12-01

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) Ala54Thr genetic polymorphism and to evaluate its association with obesity and insulin resistance in Chilean aboriginal populations. A sample of 96 urban Aymara and 111 urban Mapuche subjects aged 20-80 years were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Glucose, insulin and lipid profile were measured in fasting plasma samples. Insulin resistance was estimated through the HOMA-IR model. FABP2 Ala54Thr genotypes were determined by PCR followed by RFLP analysis. The allele frequency of Thr54 variant was estimated as 18.2% in Aymara subjects, which is one of the lowest reported to date. The corresponding frequency in Mapuche subjects was 31.9% (pMapuche group: OR=2.37, 95% CI 1.319-4.277, p=0.004) It is unlikely that Ala54Thr polymorphism of the FABP2 gene plays a relevant role in obesity and insulin resistance in Chilean ethnic groups.

preescolares desnutridos con madres con obesidad y sin obesidad

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Viridiana Vanessa Conzuelo-González

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El primer objetivo fue conocer cuántos menores de cinco años con diferentes grados de desnutrición tienen una madre con sobrepeso/obesidad/ en una comunidad indígena que vive en extrema pobreza y bajo condiciones de migración masculina internacional. El segundo fue comparar tres variables socionutricionales (ingreso familiar, educación de la madre y adecuación nutrimental de la dieta diaria entre estos hogares y los hogares con desnutrición infantil y madres sin obesidad. Se realizó un estudio transversal (2006-2007, en la comunidad mazahua de San Francisco Tepeolulco, Municipio de Temascalcingo; que incluyó a 85 hogares integrados por preescolares con desnutrición inscritos al programa Oportunidades. Se determinó el estado nutrición de los preescolares con indicadores antropométricos y se obtuvo el IMC de las madres de estos infantes. Se aplicó una encuesta socionutricional, incluida el recordatorio de 24 horas, y complementado con la observación participante (cualitativa. Se encontró que 83% de las madres mazahuas presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad. El estado de nutrición de los preescolares con madres con obesidad presentó un porcentaje mayor de desnutrición (76%. En la variable género, se encontró que 54% de los niños con madres con obesidad tenía baja talla. Al relacionar el nivel educativo de la madre, esta variable resultó ser estadísticamente significativa (p=0.015, donde el analfabetismo está más relacionado con la desnutrición infantil que tienen madres de bajo y/o peso normal. La elevada prevalencia de hogares conformados con preescolares con desnutrición y madres con obesidad, es un síntoma más de la pobreza en zonas indígenas en México, con bajo índice de desarrollo humano.

Preparation, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of two intestinal fatty-acid binding proteins in the presence of 11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Laguerre, Aisha; Wielens, Jerome; Parker, Michael W.; Porter, Christopher J. H.; Scanlon, Martin J.

2011-01-01

Intestinal fatty-acid binding proteins from human and rat have been crystallized in complex with the fluorescent probe 11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid. Diffraction data for the crystals were collected to 1.8 Å resolution (human) and 1.6 Å resolution (rat). Fatty-acid binding proteins (FABPs) are abundantly expressed proteins that bind a range of lipophilic molecules. They have been implicated in the import and intracellular distribution of their ligands and have been linked with metabolic and inflammatory responses in the cells in which they are expressed. Despite their high sequence identity, human intestinal FABP (hIFABP) and rat intestinal FABP (rIFABP) bind some ligands with different affinities. In order to address the structural basis of this differential binding, diffraction-quality crystals have been obtained of hIFABP and rIFABP in complex with the fluorescent fatty-acid analogue 11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid

Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) in prostate, bladder and kidney cancer cell lines and the use of IL-FABP as survival predictor in patients with renal cell carcinoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tölle, Angelika; Suhail, Saba; Jung, Monika; Jung, Klaus; Stephan, Carsten

2011-01-01

Fatty acid binding proteins (FABP) play an important role in carcinogenesis. Modified FABP expression patterns were described for prostate, bladder and for renal cell carcinoma. Studies on metabolic relationships and interactions in permanent cell lines allow a deeper insight into molecular processes. The aim of this study is therefore a systematic overview on mRNA and protein expressions of seven FABPs in frequently used urological cell lines. Nine cell lines of renal carcinomas, seven of urinary bladder carcinomas, and five of prostate carcinomas were investigated. Quantitative RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to determine different FABPs. In addition, 46 paired cancerous and noncancerous tissue samples from nephrectomy specimen with renal cell carcinomas were investigated regarding the ileum FABP mRNA expression level and associated with survival outcome. General characteristics of all urological carcinoma cell lines were the expression of E-and IL-FABP on mRNA and protein level, while the expressions differed between the cell lines. The protein expression was not always congruent with the mRNA expression. Renal cell carcinoma cell lines showed expressions of L-, H- and B-FABP mRNA in addition to the general FABP expression in five out of the eight investigated cell lines. In bladder cancer cell lines, we additionally found the expression of A-FABP mRNA in six cell lines, while H-FABP was present only in three cell lines. In prostate cancer cell lines, a strong reduction of A- and E- FABP mRNA was observed. The expression of B-FABP mRNA and protein was observed only in the 22 RV-1 cells. IL-FABP mRNA was over-expressed in renal tumour tissue. The IL-FABP ratio was identified as an independent indicator of survival outcome. Distinctly different FABP expression patterns were observed not only between the cell lines derived from the three cancer types, but also between the cell lines from the same cancer. The FABP patterns in the cell lines do not always

Solution structure of human intestinal fatty acid binding protein: Implications for ligand entry and exit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang Fengli [Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics (United States); Luecke, Christian [Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitaet (Germany); Baier, Leslie J. [NIDDK, NIH, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch (United States); Sacchettini, James C. [Texas A and M University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (United States); Hamilton, James A. [Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics (United States)

1997-04-15

The human intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) is a small (131 amino acids) protein which binds dietary long-chain fatty acids in the cytosol of enterocytes. Recently, an alanine to threonine substitution at position 54 in I-FABP has been identified which affects fatty acid binding and transport, and is associated with the development of insulin resistance in several populations including Mexican-Americans and Pima Indians. To investigate the molecular basis of the binding properties of I-FABP, the 3D solution structure of the more common form of human I-FABP (Ala54) was studied by multidimensional NMR spectroscopy.Recombinant I-FABP was expressed from E. coli in the presence and absence of 15N-enriched media. The sequential assignments for non-delipidated I-FABP were completed by using 2D homonuclear spectra (COSY, TOCSY and NOESY) and 3D heteronuclear spectra(NOESY-HMQC and TOCSY-HMQC). The tertiary structure of human I-FABP was calculated by using the distance geometry program DIANA based on 2519 distance constraints obtained from the NMR data. Subsequent energy minimization was carried out by using the program SYBYL in the presence of distance constraints. The conformation of human I-FABP consists of 10 antiparallel {beta}-strands which form two nearly orthogonal {beta}-sheets of five strands each, and two short {alpha}-helices that connect the {beta}-strands A and B. The interior of the protein consists of a water-filled cavity between the two {beta}-sheets. The NMR solution structure of human I-FABP is similar to the crystal structure of rat I-FABP.The NMR results show significant conformational variability of certain backbone segments around the postulated portal region for the entry and exit of fatty acid ligand.

Solution structure of human intestinal fatty acid binding protein: Implications for ligand entry and exit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Fengli; Luecke, Christian; Baier, Leslie J.; Sacchettini, James C.; Hamilton, James A.

1997-01-01

The human intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) is a small (131 amino acids) protein which binds dietary long-chain fatty acids in the cytosol of enterocytes. Recently, an alanine to threonine substitution at position 54 in I-FABP has been identified which affects fatty acid binding and transport, and is associated with the development of insulin resistance in several populations including Mexican-Americans and Pima Indians. To investigate the molecular basis of the binding properties of I-FABP, the 3D solution structure of the more common form of human I-FABP (Ala54) was studied by multidimensional NMR spectroscopy.Recombinant I-FABP was expressed from E. coli in the presence and absence of 15N-enriched media. The sequential assignments for non-delipidated I-FABP were completed by using 2D homonuclear spectra (COSY, TOCSY and NOESY) and 3D heteronuclear spectra(NOESY-HMQC and TOCSY-HMQC). The tertiary structure of human I-FABP was calculated by using the distance geometry program DIANA based on 2519 distance constraints obtained from the NMR data. Subsequent energy minimization was carried out by using the program SYBYL in the presence of distance constraints. The conformation of human I-FABP consists of 10 antiparallel β-strands which form two nearly orthogonal β-sheets of five strands each, and two short α-helices that connect the β-strands A and B. The interior of the protein consists of a water-filled cavity between the two β-sheets. The NMR solution structure of human I-FABP is similar to the crystal structure of rat I-FABP.The NMR results show significant conformational variability of certain backbone segments around the postulated portal region for the entry and exit of fatty acid ligand

Association between ACE (rs4646994), FABP2 (rs1799883), MTHFR (rs1801133), FTO (rs9939609) Genes Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes with Dyslipidemia.

Science.gov (United States)

Raza, Syed Tasleem; Abbas, Shania; Siddiqi, Zeba; Mahdi, Farzana

2017-01-01

Diabetic dyslipidemia is one of the leading causes of coronary artery disease (CAD) death. Genetic and environmental factors play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dyslipidemia. The present study was aimed to investigate the association of ACE (rs4646994), FABP2 (rs1799883), MTHFR (rs1801133) and FTO (rs9939609) genes polymorphism in T2DM with dyslipidemia. Totally, 559 subjects including 221 T2DM cases with dyslipidemia, 158 T2DM without dyslipidemia and 180 controls were enrolled. ACE genes polymorphism was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while MTHFR , FABP2 , FTO genes polymorphisms were evaluated by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Significant association of ACE and MTHFR genes polymorphisms were found in both group of cases [T2DM with dyslipidemia (Pgenes polymorphisms were significantly associated with T2DM without dyslipidemia (P=0.038, and P= 0.019, respectively). This study concludes that ACE , FABP2 , FTO and MTHFR genes are associated with T2DM. Additionally, it also seems that ACE and MTHFR genes might be further associated with the development of dyslipidemia in T2DM cases.

An amino acid substitution in the human intestinal fatty acid binding protein is associated with increased fatty acid binding, increased fat oxidation, and insulin resistance.

OpenAIRE

Baier, L J; Sacchettini, J C; Knowler, W C; Eads, J; Paolisso, G; Tataranni, P A; Mochizuki, H; Bennett, P H; Bogardus, C; Prochazka, M

1995-01-01

The intestinal fatty acid binding protein locus (FABP2) was investigated as a possible genetic factor in determining insulin action in the Pima Indian population. A polymorphism at codon 54 of FABP2 was identified that results in an alanine-encoding allele (frequency 0.71) and a threonine-encoding allele (frequency 0.29). Pimas who were homozygous or heterozygous for the threonine-encoding allele were found to have a higher mean fasting plasma insulin concentration, a lower mean insulin-stimu...

Obesidad y embarazo: implicancias anestésicas

OpenAIRE

Nazar J,Claudio; Bastidas E,Javier; Zamora H,Maximiliano; Lacassie,Héctor J

2014-01-01

La obesidad es una epidemia a nivel mundial, con más de 2.000 millones de adultos con sobrepeso u obesidad, por lo que cada vez es más probable enfrentarse a una embarazada obesa en la práctica clínica del equipo obstétrico. La obesidad incrementa los cambios fisiológicos del embarazo a nivel cardiovascular, respiratorio, metabólico y gastrointestinal, lo que tiene implicancias clínicas que aumentan los costos en salud y la morbimortalidad materna y fetal. Las embarazadas obesas son un consta...

Total intermittent Pringle maneuver during liver resection can induce intestinal epithelial cell damage and endotoxemia.

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Simon A W G Dello

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: The intermittent Pringle maneuver (IPM is frequently applied to minimize blood loss during liver transection. Clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament blocks the hepatic inflow, which leads to a non circulating (hepatosplanchnic outflow. Also, IPM blocks the mesenteric venous drainage (as well as the splenic drainage with raising pressure in the microvascular network of the intestinal structures. It is unknown whether the IPM is harmful to the gut. The aim was to investigate intestinal epithelial cell damage reflected by circulating intestinal fatty acid binding protein levels (I-FABP in patients undergoing liver resection with IPM. METHODS: Patients who underwent liver surgery received total IPM (total-IPM or selective IPM (sel-IPM. A selective IPM was performed by selectively clamping the right portal pedicle. Patients without IPM served as controls (no-IPM. Arterial blood samples were taken immediately after incision, ischemia and reperfusion of the liver, transection, 8 hours after start of surgery and on the first post-operative day. RESULTS: 24 patients (13 males were included. 7 patients received cycles of 15 minutes and 5 patients received cycles of 30 minutes of hepatic inflow occlusion. 6 patients received cycles of 15 minutes selective hepatic occlusion and 6 patients underwent surgery without inflow occlusion. Application of total-IPM resulted in a significant increase in I-FABP 8 hours after start of surgery compared to baseline (p<0.005. In the no-IPM group and sel-IPM group no significant increase in I-FABP at any time point compared to baseline was observed. CONCLUSION: Total-IPM in patients undergoing liver resection is associated with a substantial increase in arterial I-FABP, pointing to intestinal epithelial injury during liver surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01099475.

Fatores associados à obesidade em adolescentes

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Fonseca Vania de Matos

1998-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade na adolescência é um fator preditivo da obesidade no adulto. Assim, foram avaliados os fatores associados à obesidade e o uso do índice de massa morporal (IMC. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 391 estudantes aferindo-se: consumo de alimentos, hábitos alimentares, características antropométricas dos pais e atividade física. O IMC foi a variável dependente utilizada na regressão linear multivariada. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sobrepeso foi 23,9% para meninos e 7,2% para meninas. Fazer dieta para emagrecer foi 7 vezes mais freqüente entre meninas do que entre meninos com sobrepeso. Nos meninos, idade, uso de dieta, omissão de desjejum, horas de televisão/"vídeo-game" e obesidade familiar apresentaram associação positiva e significante com IMC. Nas meninas, associaram-se positivamente: uso de dieta, omissão de desjejum e obesidade familiar e negativamente idade da menarca. A correlação do IMC com medidas antropométricas foi maior que 0,7. CONCLUSÕES: Um padrão estético de magreza parece predominar entre meninas e elas o atingem com hábitos e consumo alimentar inadequados.

FEMALE MICE ARE RESISTANT TO Fabp1 GENE ABLATION-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN BRAIN ENDOCANNABINOID LEVELS

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Gregory G.; Chung, Sarah; Landrock, Danilo; Landrock, Kerstin K.; Dangott, Lawrence J.; Peng, Xiaoxue; Kaczocha, Martin; Murphy, Eric J.; Kier, Ann B.; Schroeder, Friedhelm

2017-01-01

Although liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1, L-FABP) is not detectable in brain, Fabp1 gene ablation (LKO) markedly increases endocannabinoids (EC) in brains of male mice. Since the brain EC system of females differs significantly from that of males, it was important to determine if LKO differently impacted the brain EC system. LKO did not alter brain levels of arachidonic acid (ARA)-containing ECs, i.e arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), but decreased non-ARA-containing N-acylethanolamides (OEA, PEA) and 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG) that potentiate the actions of AEA and 2-AG. These changes in brain potentiating EC levels were not associated with: i) a net decrease in levels of brain membrane proteins associated with fatty acid uptake and EC synthesis; ii) a net increase in brain protein levels of cytosolic EC chaperones and enzymes in EC degradation; or iii) increased brain protein levels of EC receptors (CB1, TRVP1). Instead, the reduced or opposite responsiveness of female brain EC levels to loss of FABP1 (LKO) correlated with intrinsically lower FABP1 level in livers of WT females than males. These data show that female mouse brain endocannabinoid levels were unchanged (AEA, 2-AG) or decreased (OEA, PEA, 2-OG) by complete loss of FABP1 (LKO). PMID:27450559

Usefulness of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein in predicting strangulated small bowel obstruction.

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Hirotada Kittaka

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The level of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP is considered to be useful diagnostic markers of small bowel ischemia. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate whether the serum I-FABP level is a predictive marker of strangulation in patients with small bowel obstruction (SBO. METHODS: A total of 37 patients diagnosed with SBO were included in this study. The serum I-FABP levels were retrospectively compared between the patients with strangulation and those with simple obstruction, and cut-off values for the diagnosis of strangulation were calculated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. In addition, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV and negative predictive value (NPV were calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were diagnosed with strangulated SBO. The serum I-FABP levels were significantly higher in the patients with strangulation compared with those observed in the patients with simple obstruction (18.5 vs. 1.6 ng/ml p<0.001. Using a cut-off value of 6.5 ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 71.4%, 93.8%, 93.8% and 71.4%, respectively. An I-FABP level greater than 6.5 ng/ml was found to be the only independent significant factor for a higher likelihood of strangulated SBO (P =  0.02; odds ratio: 19.826; 95% confidence interval: 2.1560 - 488.300. CONCLUSIONS: The I-FABP level is a useful marker for discriminating between strangulated SBO and simple SBO in patients with SBO.

A obesidade infantil: um problema emergente

OpenAIRE

Sousa, Joana; Loureiro, Isabel; Carmo, Isabel do

2008-01-01

A obesidade é um dos problemas de saúde mais graves que afecta crianças e adolescentes a nível mundial. As evidências sugerem que o problema está a agravar-se rapidamente. O aumento da prevalência de obesidade infantil pode fazer com que a próxima geração apresente indicadores de obesidade no adulto superiores aos indicadores actuais. Pelo facto de a obesidade estar intimamente associada a diferentes patologias crónicas faz com que estejamos perante um enorme desafio para o sistema de cuidado...

The association between the FABP2 Ala54Thr variant and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis based on 11 case-control studies

OpenAIRE

Liu, Peng; Yu, Dan; Jin, Xiaoping; Li, Cai; Zhu, Feng; Zheng, Zhou; Lv, Chenlin; He, Xinwei

2015-01-01

Fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) Ala54Thr gene polymorphism has been suggested to be associated with the increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but some studies show the inconsistent result. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess the association between FABP2 Ala54Thr gene polymorphism variants and the T2DM. A total of 7095 subjects in 11 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. Under the allele model (T versus A), the pooled OR of Asian sub...

Sobrepeso y obesidad en profesores

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Lucía Rodríguez-Guzmán

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en profesores de Guanajuato, México. Diseño: Estudio observacional, transversal, retrospectivo. Lugar: Instituto de Investigación sobre el Trabajo, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Guanajuato. Participantes: La población de estudio consistió en 479 docentes (208 hombres y 271 mujeres. Intervenciones: Los indicadores antropométricos de peso, estatura, medición de circunferencia de cintura e índice de masa corporal fueron calculados para estimar la grasa corporal. Principales medidas de resultados: Sobrepeso y obesidad en profesores. Resultados: Las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad fueron 43% y 21%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son importantes factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Los profesores necesitan una dieta saludable y promoción de actividad física.

Fabp7 Maps to a Quantitative Trait Locus for a Schizophrenia Endophenotype

Science.gov (United States)

Watanabe, Akiko; Toyota, Tomoko; Owada, Yuji; Hayashi, Takeshi; Iwayama, Yoshimi; Matsumata, Miho; Ishitsuka, Yuichi; Nakaya, Akihiro; Maekawa, Motoko; Ohnishi, Tetsuo; Arai, Ryoichi; Sakurai, Katsuyasu; Yamada, Kazuo; Kondo, Hisatake; Hashimoto, Kenji; Osumi, Noriko; Yoshikawa, Takeo

2007-01-01

Deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) are a biological marker for schizophrenia. To unravel the mechanisms that control PPI, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis on 1,010 F2 mice derived by crossing C57BL/6 (B6) animals that show high PPI with C3H/He (C3) animals that show low PPI. We detected six major loci for PPI, six for the acoustic startle response, and four for latency to response peak, some of which were sex-dependent. A promising candidate on the Chromosome 10-QTL was Fabp7 (fatty acid binding protein 7, brain), a gene with functional links to the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor and expression in astrocytes. Fabp7-deficient mice showed decreased PPI and a shortened startle response latency, typical of the QTL's proposed effects. A quantitative complementation test supported Fabp7 as a potential PPI-QTL gene, particularly in male mice. Disruption of Fabp7 attenuated neurogenesis in vivo. Human FABP7 showed altered expression in schizophrenic brains and genetic association with schizophrenia, which were both evident in males when samples were divided by sex. These results suggest that FABP7 plays a novel and crucial role, linking the NMDA, neurodevelopmental, and glial theories of schizophrenia pathology and the PPI endophenotype, with larger or overt effects in males. We also discuss the results from the perspective of fetal programming. PMID:18001149

Fabp7 maps to a quantitative trait locus for a schizophrenia endophenotype.

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Akiko Watanabe

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI are a biological marker for schizophrenia. To unravel the mechanisms that control PPI, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL analysis on 1,010 F2 mice derived by crossing C57BL/6 (B6 animals that show high PPI with C3H/He (C3 animals that show low PPI. We detected six major loci for PPI, six for the acoustic startle response, and four for latency to response peak, some of which were sex-dependent. A promising candidate on the Chromosome 10-QTL was Fabp7 (fatty acid binding protein 7, brain, a gene with functional links to the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA receptor and expression in astrocytes. Fabp7-deficient mice showed decreased PPI and a shortened startle response latency, typical of the QTL's proposed effects. A quantitative complementation test supported Fabp7 as a potential PPI-QTL gene, particularly in male mice. Disruption of Fabp7 attenuated neurogenesis in vivo. Human FABP7 showed altered expression in schizophrenic brains and genetic association with schizophrenia, which were both evident in males when samples were divided by sex. These results suggest that FABP7 plays a novel and crucial role, linking the NMDA, neurodevelopmental, and glial theories of schizophrenia pathology and the PPI endophenotype, with larger or overt effects in males. We also discuss the results from the perspective of fetal programming.

Association of Adipocyte Fatty Acid–Binding Protein (FABP4 Level with Obesity in Women

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Hussein Jasim AL-Harbi

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Adipocyte Fatty Acid–Binding Protein(FABP 4 is produced by mature adipocytes, cytoplasmic lipid protein carrier, 132 amino acid and secretion increases during adipogenesis. Chemerin is adipocytokine anewly discovered novel adipokine that regulates adipocyte metabolism and adipogenesis, is The aim of this study is to investigated the relationship of chemerin and FABP4 level with obesity and identifing the usefulness of waist circumference (WC, hip circumference , waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, body mass index (BMI,, and body fat percentage( BF% in screening obesity . Anthropometric data were collected for 180 healthy women with an age range 35-60 years, divided into four groups due to body mass index: normalweight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2, overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2 , obese (30-39.9 kg/m2 and morbid(≥ 40 kg/m2. The results revealed that FABP4 and Chemerin circulating concentration were significantly increased (P<0.01 in healthy morbid and obese adult women when compared with lean healthy (normal and over weight women also significant increase of A-FABP and Chemerin with the body mass index (BMI, waist hip ratio, hip circumference, waist circumference, and with BF percentage. According to these finding suggest that the circulating chemerin and A-FABP levels can be used as Prediction marker of overall fat mass and obesity in women.

FABP4 dynamics in obesity: discrepancies in adipose tissue and liver expression regarding circulating plasma levels.

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María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: FABP4 is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, and its circulating levels are linked with obesity and a poor atherogenic profile. OBJECTIVE: In patients with a wide BMI range, we analyze FABP4 expression in adipose and hepatic tissues in the settings of obesity and insulin resistance. Associations between FABP4 expression in adipose tissue and the FABP4 plasma level as well as the main adipogenic and lipolytic genes expressed in adipose tissue were also analyzed. METHODS: The expression of several lipogenic, lipolytic, PPAR family and FABP family genes was analyzed by real time PCR. FABP4 protein expression in total adipose tissues and its fractions were determined by western blot. RESULTS: In obesity FABP4 expression was down-regulated (at both mRNA and protein levels, with its levels mainly predicted by ATGL and inversely by the HOMA-IR index. The BMI appeared as the only determinant of the FABP4 variation in both adipose tissue depots. FABP4 plasma levels showed a significant progressive increase according to BMI but no association was detected between FABP4 circulating levels and SAT or VAT FABP4 gene expression. The gene expression of FABP1, FABP4 and FABP5 in hepatic tissue was significantly higher in tissue from the obese IR patients compared to the non-IR group. CONCLUSION: The inverse pattern in FABP4 expression between adipose and hepatic tissue observed in morbid obese patients, regarding the IR context, suggests that both tissues may act in a balanced manner. These differences may help us to understand the discrepancies between circulating plasma levels and adipose tissue expression in obesity.

fabp4 is central to eight obesity associated genes: a functional gene network-based polymorphic study.

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Bag, Susmita; Ramaiah, Sudha; Anbarasu, Anand

2015-01-07

Network study on genes and proteins offers functional basics of the complexity of gene and protein, and its interacting partners. The gene fatty acid-binding protein 4 (fabp4) is found to be highly expressed in adipose tissue, and is one of the most abundant proteins in mature adipocytes. Our investigations on functional modules of fabp4 provide useful information on the functional genes interacting with fabp4, their biochemical properties and their regulatory functions. The present study shows that there are eight set of candidate genes: acp1, ext2, insr, lipe, ostf1, sncg, usp15, and vim that are strongly and functionally linked up with fabp4. Gene ontological analysis of network modules of fabp4 provides an explicit idea on the functional aspect of fabp4 and its interacting nodes. The hierarchal mapping on gene ontology indicates gene specific processes and functions as well as their compartmentalization in tissues. The fabp4 along with its interacting genes are involved in lipid metabolic activity and are integrated in multi-cellular processes of tissues and organs. They also have important protein/enzyme binding activity. Our study elucidated disease-associated nsSNP prediction for fabp4 and it is interesting to note that there are four rsID׳s (rs1051231, rs3204631, rs140925685 and rs141169989) with disease allelic variation (T104P, T126P, G27D and G90V respectively). On the whole, our gene network analysis presents a clear insight about the interactions and functions associated with fabp4 gene network. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Association of a Human FABP1 Gene Promoter Region Polymorphism with Altered Serum Triglyceride Levels.

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Xian-E Peng

Full Text Available Liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP, also known as fatty acid-binding protein 1 (FABP1, is a key regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism. Elevated FABP1 levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD and metabolic syndromes. In this study, we examine the association of FABP1 gene promoter variants with serum FABP1 and lipid levels in a Chinese population. Four promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs of FABP1 gene were genotyped in a cross-sectional survey of healthy volunteers (n = 1,182 from Fuzhou city of China. Results showed that only the rs2919872 G>A variant was significantly associated with serum TG concentration(P = 0.032.Compared with the rs2919872 G allele, rs2919872 A allele contributed significantly to reduced serum TG concentration, and this allele dramatically decreased the FABP1 promoter activity(P < 0.05. The rs2919872 A allele carriers had considerably lower serum FABP1 levels than G allele carriers (P < 0.01. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, the rs2919872 A allele was negatively associated with serum FABP1 levels (β = -0.320, P = 0.003, while serum TG levels were positively associated with serum FABP1 levels (β = 0.487, P = 0.014. Our data suggest that compared with the rs2919872 G allele, the rs2919872 A allele reduces the transcriptional activity of FABP1 promoter, and thereby may link FABP1 gene variation to TG level in humans.

Overexpression of FABP3 inhibits human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation but enhances their survival in hypoxia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Suna; Zhou, Yifu; Andreyev, Oleg; Hoyt, Robert F.; Singh, Avneesh; Hunt, Timothy; Horvath, Keith A.

2014-01-01

Studying the proliferative ability of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic conditions can help us achieve the effective regeneration of ischemic injured myocardium. Cardiac-type fatty acid binding protein (FABP3) is a specific biomarker of muscle and heart tissue injury. This protein is purported to be involved in early myocardial development, adult myocardial tissue repair and responsible for the modulation of cell growth and proliferation. We have investigated the role of FABP3 in human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells under ischemic conditions. MSCs from 12 donors were cultured either in standard normoxic or modified hypoxic conditions, and the differential expression of FABP3 was tested by quantitative RT PCR and western blot. We also established stable FABP3 expression in MSCs and searched for variation in cellular proliferation and differentiation bioprocesses affected by hypoxic conditions. We identified: (1) the FABP3 differential expression pattern in the MSCs under hypoxic conditions; (2) over-expression of FABP3 inhibited the growth and proliferation of the MSCs; however, improved their survival in low oxygen environments; (3) the cell growth factors and positive cell cycle regulation genes, such as PCNA, APC, CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDC6 were all down-regulated; while the key negative cell cycle regulation genes TP53, BRCA1, CASP3 and CDKN1A were significantly up-regulated in the cells with FABP3 overexpression. Our data suggested that FABP3 was up-regulated under hypoxia; also negatively regulated the cell metabolic process and the mitotic cell cycle. Overexpression of FABP3 inhibited cell growth and proliferation via negative regulation of the cell cycle and down-regulation of cell growth factors, but enhances cell survival in hypoxic or ischemic conditions. - Highlights: • FABP3 expression pattern was studied in 12 human hypoxic-MSCs. • FABP3 mRNA and proteins are upregulated in the MSCs under hypoxic conditions. �

Obesidad y autoestima.

OpenAIRE

Díaz Guzmán, M.C.; Díaz Guzmán, M.T.

2008-01-01

La obesidad se extiende a un ritmo alarmante, no sólo en los países industrializados, sino también en países en desarrollo. Así lo ponen de manifiesto los datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (2004) que informa que al menos 300 millones de personas padecen obesidad y que esta es una condición compleja que acarrea graves problemas sociales y psíquicos y afectos a todas las edades y estratos socioeconómicos. Por tanto, intentamos justificar cómo la variable autoestim...

Fatores associados à obesidade global e à obesidade abdominal em mulheres na pós-menopausa

OpenAIRE

França,Ana Paula; Aldrighi,José Mendes; Marucci,Maria de Fátima Nunes

2008-01-01

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a prevalência de obesidade global e obesidade abdominal, em mulheres pós-menopausa, segundo o grau de instrução, nível de atividade física, uso de terapia hormonal na menopausa (THM) e paridade. MÉTODOS: foram entrevistadas 157 mulheres na pós-menopausa, atendidas em dois ambulatórios públicos da cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. A obesidade foi determinada segundo o índice de massa corporal (IMC > 30,0) e segundo o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC > 37%). A obesid...

The cancer-promoting gene fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) is epigenetically regulated during human prostate carcinogenesis.

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Kawaguchi, Koichiro; Kinameri, Ayumi; Suzuki, Shunsuke; Senga, Shogo; Ke, Youqiang; Fujii, Hiroshi

2016-02-15

FABPs (fatty-acid-binding proteins) are a family of low-molecular-mass intracellular lipid-binding proteins consisting of ten isoforms. FABPs are involved in binding and storing hydrophobic ligands such as long-chain fatty acids, as well as transporting these ligands to the appropriate compartments in the cell. FABP5 is overexpressed in multiple types of tumours. Furthermore, up-regulation of FABP5 is strongly associated with poor survival in triple-negative breast cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the specific up-regulation of the FABP5 gene in these cancers remain poorly characterized. In the present study, we determined that FABP5 has a typical CpG island around its promoter region. The DNA methylation status of the CpG island in the FABP5 promoter of benign prostate cells (PNT2), prostate cancer cells (PC-3, DU-145, 22Rv1 and LNCaP) and human normal or tumour tissue was assessed by bisulfite sequencing analysis, and then confirmed by COBRA (combined bisulfite restriction analysis) and qAMP (quantitative analysis of DNA methylation using real-time PCR). These results demonstrated that overexpression of FABP5 in prostate cancer cells can be attributed to hypomethylation of the CpG island in its promoter region, along with up-regulation of the direct trans-acting factors Sp1 (specificity protein 1) and c-Myc. Together, these mechanisms result in the transcriptional activation of FABP5 expression during human prostate carcinogenesis. Importantly, silencing of Sp1, c-Myc or FABP5 expression led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation, indicating that up-regulation of FABP5 expression by Sp1 and c-Myc is critical for the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. © 2016 Authors; published by Portland Press Limited.

Establishment of primary bovine intestinal epithelial cell culture and clone method.

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Zhan, Kang; Lin, Miao; Liu, Ming-Mei; Sui, Yang-Nan; Zhao, Guo-Qi

2017-01-01

The aim of this study was to establish bovine intestinal epithelial cell (BIEC) line and provide a novel clone cell method. Although various strategies of bovine cell culture and clone techniques have been reported, these methods remain not established. Here, we culture successfully primary BIECs and establish a novel clone cell method. Our result showed that BIECs could be successfully cultured and passaged about generation 5. These cellular aggregates and clusters were adherent loosely at day 2 of culture. Cell aggregates and clusters start to proliferate after approximately 4 d. The BIECs showed positive reaction against cytokeratin 18, E-cadherin, and characteristics of epithelial-like morphology. In addition, the fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), villin, and intestinal peptidase (IP) band were positive in BIECs. Our results suggest that the establishment of culturing and clone BIEC methods will apply to isolate and clone other primary cells. These BIECs could therefore contribute to the study of bovine intestinal nutrient absorption and regulation, immune regulation, and the pathogenesis of the bovine intestinal disease, which will provide intestinal cell model in vitro.

Association of urinary KIM-1, L-FABP, NAG and NGAL with incident end-stage renal disease and mortality in American Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Fufaa, Gudeta D; Weil, E Jennifer; Nelson, Robert G; Hanson, Robert L; Bonventre, Joseph V; Sabbisetti, Venkata; Waikar, Sushrut S; Mifflin, Theodore E; Zhang, Xiaoming; Xie, Dawei; Hsu, Chi-Yuan; Feldman, Harold I; Coresh, Josef; Vasan, Ramachandran S; Kimmel, Paul L; Liu, Kathleen D

2015-01-01

Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) are urinary biomarkers of renal tubular injury. We examined their association with incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and all-cause mortality in American Indians with type 2 diabetes. Biomarker concentrations were measured in baseline urine samples in 260 Pima Indians who were followed for a median of 14 years. HRs were reported per SD of creatinine (Cr)-normalised log-transformed KIM-1, NAG and NGAL, and for three categories of L-FABP. During follow-up, 74 participants developed ESRD and 101 died. Median concentrations of KIM-1/Cr, NAG/Cr and NGAL/Cr and the proportion of detectable L-FABP were highest in those with macroalbuminuria (p associated with ESRD (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.20, 2.11) and mortality (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.06, 1.82); L-FABP/Cr was inversely associated with ESRD (HR [for highest vs lowest tertile] 0.40, 95% CI 0.19, 0.83). Addition of NGAL/Cr to models that included albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate increased the c-statistic for predicting ESRD from 0.828 to 0.833 (p = 0.001) and for death from 0.710 to 0.722 (p = 0.018). Addition of L-FABP/Cr increased the c-statistic for ESRD from 0.828 to 0.832 (p = 0.042). In Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes, urinary concentrations of NGAL and L-FABP are associated with important health outcomes, but they are unlikely to add to risk prediction with standard markers in a clinically meaningful way given the small increase in the c-statistic.

Análisis espacial del sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en el Perú, 2014

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Akram Hernández-Vásquez

Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivos. Estimar las prevalencias regionales e identificar los patrones espaciales del grado de sobrepeso y obesidad por distritos, en menores de cinco años en el Perú durante el año 2014. Materiales y métodos. Análisis de la información reportada por el Sistema de Información del Estado Nutricional (SIEN del número de casos de sobrepeso y obesidad en menores de cinco años registrados durante el año 2014. Se calcularon prevalencias regionales para sobrepeso y obesidad y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%. El índice de Moran fue utilizado para determinar los patrones de agrupación de distritos con altas prevalencia de sobrepeso y/o obesidad. Resultados. Se analizaron datos de 1834 distritos y 2 318 980 menores de cinco años, 158 738 casos (6,84%; IC 95%: 6,81-6,87 presentaron sobrepeso, mientras que 56 125 (2,42%; IC 95%: 2,40-2,44 obesidad. Las mayores prevalencias de sobrepeso fueron identificadas en las regiones de Tacna (13,9%, Moquegua (11,8%, Callao (10,4%, Lima (10,2% e Ica (9,3%, y en las mismas regiones para obesidad con 5,3%; 4,3%; 4,0%; 4,0% y 3,8% respectivamente. El análisis espacial encontró agrupaciones distritales de altas prevalencias en un 10% del total de distritos tanto para sobrepeso y obesidad, identificándose 199 distritos para sobrepeso (126 urbanos y 73 rurales, y 184 para obesidad (136 urbanos y 48 rurales. Conclusiones. Se identificó las mayores prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad en regiones de la costa peruana. Asimismo, estas regiones son las que exhibieron predominantemente una agrupación espacial de distritos con altas prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad.

La obesidad infantil /

OpenAIRE

Galea Barquero, Irene

2013-01-01

La obesidad infantil es la enfermedad de tipo nutricional que se da con más frecuencia en los niños de los países desarrollados, conlleva riesgos físicos y psicológicos y determinados estudios señalan que puede acortar la esperanza de vida en 13 años. En Castilla y León, la tasa de obesidad entre los niños en edad escolar es del 0,8%. La autora va a recoger datos y a realizar un estudio del desayuno que realizan estos niños por considerarlo la primera comida del día y la más importa...

Intestinal fatty acid binding protein as a marker for intra-abdominal pressure-related complications in patients admitted to the intensive care unit; study protocol for a prospective cohort study (I-Fabulous study).

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Strang, Steven G; Van Waes, Oscar J F; Van der Hoven, Ben; Ali, Samir; Verhofstad, Michael H J; Pickkers, Peter; Van Lieshout, Esther M M

2015-01-16

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) have detrimental effects on all organ systems and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Intra-bladder measurement of the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is currently the gold standard. However, IAH is not always indicative of intestinal ischemia, which is an early and rapidly developing complication. Sensitive biomarkers for intestinal ischemia are needed to be able to intervene before damage becomes irreversible. Gut wall integrity loss, including epithelial cell disruption and tight junctions breakdown, is an early event in intestinal damage. Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP) is excreted in urine and blood specifically from damaged intestinal epithelial cells. Claudin-3 is a specific protein which is excreted in urine following disruption of intercellular tight junctions. This study aims to investigate if I-FABP and Claudin-3 can be used as a diagnostic tool for identifying patients at risk for IAP-related complications. In a multicenter, prospective cohort study 200 adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit with at least two risk factors for IAH as defined by the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (WSACS) will be included. Patients in whom an intra-bladder IAP measurement is contra-indicated or impossible and patients with inflammatory bowel diseases that may affect I-FABP levels will be excluded. The IAP will be measured using an intra-bladder technique. During the subsequent 72 hours, the IAP measurement will be repeated every six hours. At these time points, a urine and serum sample will be collected for measurement of I-FABP and Claudin-3 levels. Clinical outcome of patients during their stay at the intensive care unit will be monitored using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Successful completion of this trial will provide evidence on the eventual

Diabetes tipo 2, obesidad y cetoacidosis diabética en niños. Reporte de caso.

OpenAIRE

Manrique, Helard; Pinto, Miguel; Ramirez-Saba, Alfonso; Zapana, Alexander; Aro-Guardia, Pedro

2011-01-01

Se reporta el caso de una niña con obesidad que acudió a nuestro hospital por presentar cetoacidosis diabética. El manejo inicial incluyó hidratación enérgica e insulina endovenosa. El análisis de anticuerpos anti-GAD fue negativo y el péptido C fue normal. El control metabólico a largo plazo fue con metformina, dieta y ejercicio.Tradicionalmente, la diabetes tipo 2 ha sido considerada una enfermedad de adultos. Sin embargo, a medida que aumenta la prevalencia de obesidad en niños, aumenta el...

Oxintomodulina e obesidade Oxyntomodulin and obesity

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Gustavo Duarte Pimentel

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Desde o descobrimento da leptina, avanços consideráveis foram obtidos na caracterização dos mecanismos hipotalâmicos do controle da ingestão alimentar e, atualmente, a oxintomodulina é reconhecida como um regulador da homeostase energética. O presente artigo de revisão enfoca algumas das mais relevantes inter-relações do hormônio oxintomodulina com o apetite, a homeostase energética e aspectos de seu papel na bioquímica e fisiologia nutricional. A oxintomodulina é um peptídeo intestinal anorexígeno produzido pelas células L do intestino. Recentes estudos têm demonstrado que em longo prazo a administração de oxintomodulina reduz a ingestão alimentar e o ganho de peso. Pesquisas em humanos têm verificado que o seu uso reduz o consumo energértico em 25%. Portanto, a oxintomodulina representa uma potente terapia anti-obesidade. Entretanto, o mecanismo de ação da oxintomodulina ainda é desconhecido. Atuais evidências sugerem que tem ação via receptor do peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon 1. Além disso, a literatura mostra que, juntamente com a adoção de hábitos saudáveis e a mudança do estilo de vida, a oxintomodulina pode proporcionar menor avanço da obesidade.Since the discovery of leptin, great advances occurred in the characterization of hypothalamic mechanisms involved in the control of food intake and oxyntomodulin is currently recognized as a homeostasis energy regulator. This review discusses the most important interrelationships between the hormone oxyntomodulin and appetite, energy homeostasis and aspects of its role in nutritional biochemistry and physiology. Oxyntomodulin is an anorexigenic peptide produced by the L cells of the small intestine. Recent studies have shown that long-term use of oxyntomodulin in rats leads to reduced food intake and weight gain. Studies in humans have demonstrated that its administration reduces food intake by 25%. Therefore, oxyntomodulin represents a potent anti

Serological markers of enterocyte damage and apoptosis in patients with celiac disease, autoimmune diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus type 2.

Science.gov (United States)

Hoffmanová, I; Sánchez, D; Hábová, V; Anděl, M; Tučková, L; Tlaskalová-Hogenová, H

2015-01-01

Impairment of mucosal barrier integrity of small intestine might be causative in immune-mediated gastrointestinal diseases. We tested the markers of epithelial apoptosis - cytokeratin 18 caspase-cleaved fragment (cCK-18), and enterocyte damage - intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) in sera of patients with untreated celiac disease (CLD), those on gluten-free diet (CLD-GFD), patients with autoimmune diabetes mellitus (T1D), T1D with insulitis (T1D/INS), and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2D). We found elevated levels of cCK-18 (PCLD when compared to healthy controls. However, the levels of cCK-18 (PCLD-GFD were higher when compared with controls. Interestingly, elevated levels of cCK-18 and I-FABP were found in T2D and T1D (PCLD patients were seropositive for cCK-18, 19/43 for I-FABP and 11/43 for sCD14; 9/30 of T2D patients were positive for cCK-18 and 5/20 of T1D/INS for sCD14, while in controls only 3/41 were positive for cCK-18, 3/41 for I-FABP and 1/41 for sCD14. We documented for the first time seropositivity for sCD14 in CLD and potential usefulness of serum cCK-18 and I-FABP as markers of gut damage in CLD, CLD-GFD, and diabetes.

Expressions and Significances of CRABPII and E-FABP 
in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

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Qian LIU

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Background and objective The cellular retinoic acid-binding protein II (CRABPII and epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP both serving as the transport protein of retinoic acid (RA, through RA signal transduction pathway, commit the cell to opposite fate, apoptosis or survival. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of CRABPII and E-FABP and significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC and their lymph node metastases with tissue microarray technique. Methods CRABPII and E-FABP proteins were detected in 54 normal lung tissues, 287 primary NSCLC tissues and 112 lymph node metastatic tissues by SP method of immunohistochemical staining. Results The expression level of CRABPII in the primary lesions was relevant to the gender of NSCLC patients, the metastasis and TNM staging of NSCLC (P<0.05, while the expression level of E-FABP was related to the grading and metastasis of NSCLC (P<0.05. The positive expression rate of E-FABP in NSCLC primary lesion was remarkably higher than that in adjacent normal lung tissues and lymph node metastases, respectively (P<0.05. The expression level of E-FABP had a recognizable advantage over that of CRABPII in NSCLC primary lesions (P<0.05. The differential expressions between CRABPII and E-FABP was correlated with the tumor size, grading, metastasis, TNM staging of NSCLC (P<0.05. The larger the tumor was and the later the TNM staging was, along with cancer metastasis, the more likely the expression of E-FABP would dominate. The expression of CRABPII and difference expression between CRABPII and E-FABP were closely related to the prognosis of NSCLC patients based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Conclusion E-FABP showed high exp ression in NSCLC, and the increased E-FABP expression may involved in the occurrence and development of NSCLC. CRABPII might have a negative effect in NSCLC progression, and its expression was negatively related to the prognosis of NSCLC patients.

Prevalencia de obesidad en adultos del municipio de Soledad (Atlántico, Colombia, 2010

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Edgar Navarro Lechuga

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de obesidad en adultos del municipio de Soledad (Atlántico, Colombia según diferentes consensos de clasificación. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se calculó una muestra de 790 individuos (N=103731; prevalencia esperada: 22%; error: 3%; nivel de confianza: 95%. Previo consentimiento informado, se aplicó una encuesta sobre factores de riesgo cardiovascular, y a los individuos también se les tomó el peso, la talla y el perímetro de cintura. Como criterios de obesidad se tuvieron en cuenta: índice de masa corporal >29,9Kg/m2, perímetros de cintura > = 102cm (ATP III y 90cm (IDF en hombres, y 88cm (ATP III y 80cm (IDF en mujeres, según consensos internacionales. Resultados: Prevalencia de obesidad: autorreferida: 53,2%, por índice de masa corporal: 24,6%, abdominal: 72,3% (International Diabetes Federation y 45,2% (Adult Treatment Panel III. Porcentajes de obesidad significativamente mayores en mujeres (p<0,05. Se encontró asociación estadística entre obesidad e hipertensión, tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Conclusión: Se encontró una prevalencia de obesidad mayor empleando los criterios de la International Diabetes Federation. La población estudiada está expuesta a factores de riesgo que pueden potenciar el efecto negativo de la obesidad sobre su estado de salud.

Variables socionutricionales de hogares mazahuas integrados por preescolares desnutridos con madres con obesidad y sin obesidad

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Conzuelo González, Viridiana Vanessa

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El primer objetivo fue conocer cuántos menores de cinco años con diferentes grados de desnutrición tienen una madre con sobrepeso/obesidad/ en una comunidad indígena que vive en extrema pobreza y bajo condiciones de migración masculina internacional. El segundo fue comparar tres variables socionutricionales (ingreso familiar, educación de la madre y adecuación nutrimental de la dieta diaria entre estos hogares y los hogares con desnutrición infantil y madres sin obesidad. Se realizó un estudio transversal (2006-2007, en la comunidad mazahua de San Francisco Tepeolulco, Municipio de Temascalcingo; que incluyó a 85 hogares integrados por preescolares con desnutrición inscritos al programa Oportunidades. Se determinó el estado nutrición de los preescolares con indicadores antropométricos y se obtuvo el IMC de las madres de estos infantes. Se aplicó una encuesta socionutricional, incluida el recordatorio de 24 horas, y complementado con la observación participante (cualitativa. Se encontró que 83% de las madres mazahuas presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad. El estado de nutrición de los preescolares con madres con obesidad presentó un porcentaje mayor de desnutrición (76%. En la variable género, se encontró que 54% de los niños con madres con obesidad tenía baja talla. Al relacionar el nivel educativo de la madre, esta variable resultó ser estadísticamente significativa (p=0.015, donde el analfabetismo está más relacionado con la desnutrición infantil que tienen madres de bajo y/o peso normal. La elevada prevalencia de hogares conformados con preescolares con desnutrición y madres con obesidad, es un síntoma más de la pobreza en zonas indígenas en México, con bajo índice de desarrollo humano.

The applications and clinical significance of IMA, H-FABP joint CKMB in acute myocardial infarction

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Xiao-Hui Zeng

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: To investigate the applications and clinical significance of ischemia-modified protein (IMA, heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP joint creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB in acute myocardial infarction (AMI. Methods: From January 2014 to December 2014, 84 clinical materials of patients with AMI in Department of cardiology were collected, and 80 cases of normal projects were the control group. IMA was determinated with albumincobalt ion binding assay. The levels of H-FABP and CK-MB of 84 cases of AMI patients and 80 cases of normal subjects were determinated with immunoturbidimetric. The value of IMA, H-FABP and CK-MB of AMI patients were analyzed with subject-specific curve (ROC. Results: The levels of serum IMA, H-FABP and CK-MB of AMI group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Differences showed statistical significance (P < 0.05. The levels of serum IMA, H-FABP and CK-MB increased as the increase of coronary lesion vessels in patients with AMI (P < 0.05. The levels of IMA, H-FABP and CK-MB of the death group were significantly higher than those of the surviving group (P < 0.05. ROC curve analysis showed that when IMA, H-FABP and CK-MB joint detections of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were greater than singleindex detection (P < 0.05. Conclusions: The expression levels of IMA, H-FABP and CK-MB are closely related to the occurrence and development of disease progression in patients with AMI. IMA, H-FABP joint CK-MB detection can improve the sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis of AMI.

Probing the interaction of brain fatty acid binding protein (B-FABP with model membranes.

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Fábio Dyszy

Full Text Available Brain fatty acid-binding protein (B-FABP interacts with biological membranes and delivers polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs via a collisional mechanism. The binding of FAs in the protein and the interaction with membranes involve a motif called "portal region", formed by two small α-helices, A1 and A2, connected by a loop. We used a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and electron spin resonance to probe the changes in the protein and in the membrane model induced by their interaction. Spin labeled B-FABP mutants and lipidic spin probes incorporated into a membrane model confirmed that B-FABP interacts with micelles through the portal region and led to structural changes in the protein as well in the micelles. These changes were greater in the presence of LPG when compared to the LPC models. ESR spectra of B-FABP labeled mutants showed the presence of two groups of residues that responded to the presence of micelles in opposite ways. In the presence of lysophospholipids, group I of residues, whose side chains point outwards from the contact region between the helices, had their mobility decreased in an environment of lower polarity when compared to the same residues in solution. The second group, composed by residues with side chains situated at the interface between the α-helices, experienced an increase in mobility in the presence of the model membranes. These modifications in the ESR spectra of B-FABP mutants are compatible with a less ordered structure of the portal region inner residues (group II that is likely to facilitate the delivery of FAs to target membranes. On the other hand, residues in group I and micelle components have their mobilities decreased probably as a result of the formation of a collisional complex. Our results bring new insights for the understanding of the gating and delivery mechanisms of FABPs.

Distribuição de obesidade geral e abdominal em adultos de uma cidade no Sul do Brasil

OpenAIRE

Linhares,Rogério da Silva; Horta,Bernardo Lessa; Gigante,Denise Petrucci; Dias-da-Costa,Juvenal Soares; Olinto,Maria Teresa Anselmo

2012-01-01

O objetivo foi determinar a prevalência e a evolução da obesidade geral e abdominal em adultos com 20 anos ou mais em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado em 2010. A obesidade geral foi definida pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) > 30kg/m² e a obesidade abdominal definida como > 88cm para mulheres e > 102cm para homens. Foram entrevistados 2.448 indivíduos. A prevalência de obesidade foi de 21,7% nos homens e 29,2% nas mulheres, já a obesidade...

Estandarización de un modelo para inducir obesidad en ratas

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Gipsis Suárez Román; Alfredo Jesús Perera Calderín; Sonia Clapés Hernández; Tammy Fernández Romero; Esteban Egaña Morales

2013-01-01

Fundamento: La obesidad es un factor de riesgo para múltiples enfermedades. Existen diversos modelos en ratas para inducir obesidad. Los modelos genéticos y la obesidad inducida por la dieta son costosos. Dentro de los modelos hipotalámicos de obesidad está el que se logra mediante la administración de glutamato monosódico en período neonatal. Esta sustancia no es costosa y produce las alteraciones metabólicas más importantes que se ven en la obesidad humana. Objetivo: seleccionar un esquema ...

Epidemiología y determinantes sociales asociados a la obesidad y la diabetes tipo 2 en México

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L. Moreno-Altamirano

2014-07-01

Full Text Available La diabetes y la obesidad como problemas de salud pública en México son analizados a la luz de su magnitud y distribución en el contexto de algunos de sus determinantes sociales: alimentación, sedentarismo y distribución del ingreso. Se presentan aspectos generales sobre estas enfermedades y su comportamiento epidemiológico en México. Se revisa el papel de la alimentación como determinante social fundamental para la presencia de la diabetes tipo 2 y obesidad. Asimismo, se argumenta sobre la importancia de la actividad física para su prevención y control. Se destaca el papel de la distribución de grasa corporal y la obesidad como producto de la transición alimentaria. Finalmente se expresan algunas recomendaciones que podrían contribuir a fortalecer las estrategias propuestas para disminuir su frecuencia, la mortalidad y las complicaciones de estas enfermedades.

Noninvasive measurement of fecal calprotectin and serum amyloid A combined with intestinal fatty acid-binding protein in necrotizing enterocolitis.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Reisinger, K.W.; Zee, D.C. van der; Brouwers, H.A.A.; Kramer, B.W.; Heurn, L.W.E. van; Buurman, W.A.; Derikx, J.P.

2012-01-01

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), prevalent in premature infants, remains challenging. Enterocyte damage in NEC can be assessed by intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 90%. Numerous markers of inflammation are known,

La prevención de la obesidad infantil desde una perspectiva comunitaria

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Carles Ariza

2015-04-01

Full Text Available El porcentaje de fracasos y recaídas en el tratamiento de la obesidad es alto. Siempre que sea posible, la prevención de la obesidad para modificar hábitos alimentarios y estilos de vida ha de ser la conducta preferente. Este trabajo pretender ofrecer un marco de evidencia sobre los componentes más efectivos de las intervenciones para el abordaje de la obesidad infantil, tanto de su prevención como de su reducción, cuando esta ya está instaurada. A partir de la literatura científica, se presentan los aspectos que debe contemplar la prevención, tanto universal como selectiva, de la obesidad infantil. Habida cuenta también de la controversia sobre los instrumentos de registro y control del problema, se aportan algunos criterios clarificadores. Finalmente, se diferencia el abordaje de la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad con una perspectiva comunitaria, ofreciéndose 2 protocolos breves que esquematizan un procedimiento básico a seguir.

Nuclear FABP7 immunoreactivity is preferentially expressed in infiltrative glioma and is associated with poor prognosis in EGFR-overexpressing glioblastoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liang, Yu; Bollen, Andrew W; Aldape, Ken D; Gupta, Nalin

2006-01-01

We previously identified brain type fatty acid-binding protein (FABP7) as a prognostic marker for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Increased expression of FABP7 is associated with reduced survival. To investigate possible molecular mechanisms underlying this association, we compared the expression and subcellular localization of FABP7 in non-tumor brain tissues with different types of glioma, and examined the expression of FABP7 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in GBM tumors. Expression of FABP7 in non-tumor brain and glioma specimens was examined using immunohistochemistry, and its correlation to the clinical behavior of the tumors was analyzed. We also analyzed the association between FABP7 and EGFR expression in different sets of GBM specimens using published DNA microarray datasets and semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry. In vitro migration was examined using SF763 glioma cell line. FABP7 was present in a unique population of glia in normal human brain, and its expression was increased in a subset of reactive astrocytes. FABP7 immunoreactivity in grade I pilocytic astrocytoma was predominantly cytoplasmic, whereas nuclear FABP7 was detected in other types of infiltrative glioma. Nuclear, not cytoplasmic, FABP7 immunoreactivity was associated with EGFR overexpression in GBM (N = 61, p = 0.008). Expression of the FABP7 gene in GBM also correlated with the abundance of EGFR mRNA in our previous microarray analyses (N = 34, p = 0.016) and an independent public microarray dataset (N = 28, p = 0.03). Compared to those negative for both markers, nuclear FABP7-positive/EGFR-positive and nuclear FABP7-positive/EGFR-negative GBM tumors demonstrated shortest survival, whereas those only positive for EGFR had intermediate survival. EGFR activation increased nuclear FABP7 immunoreactivity in a glioma cell line in vitro, and inhibition of FABP7 expression suppressed EGF-induced glioma-cell migration. Our data suggested that in EGFR-positive GBM the presence of

Riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes com diferentes graus de obesidade

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Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador

2011-03-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Há poucos estudos sobre riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes com diferentes graus de obesidade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar repercussões metabólicas associadas a diferentes graus de obesidade em adolescentes e seu impacto nos riscos cardiovasculares. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 80 adolescentes obesos, divididos em dois grupos: 22,5, denominados obesos com menor e maior grau de obesidade, respectivamente. Foram realizados exame físico e avaliação bioquímica e de composição corporal. Para a análise estatística, foram aplicados os testes t-Student e qui-quadrado, com a finalidade de comparar os dois grupos. Modelo logístico múltiplo foi utilizado para verificar as associações entre variáveis bioquímicas e grau de obesidade. Foram desenvolvidos escores de risco para doença cardiovascular, de acordo com o número de alterações encontradas nas seguintes variáveis: glicemia de jejum, triglicérides, HDL e PA. Foram verificadas associações entre esses escores e o grau de obesidade. RESULTADOS: Os dois grupos diferiram em valores de peso, circunferência da cintura, glicemia e insulina de jejum, HOMA-IR, triglicérides, HDL, PA e medidas de composição corporal (p<0,05. Os adolescentes com maior grau de obesidade apresentaram maiores frequências de alterações para glicemia, HOMA-IR, triglicérides, HDL e pressão arterial (p<0,05. O modelo logístico mostrou associações entre o grau de obesidade e as variáveis: HDL (OR=5,43, PA (OR=4,29, TG (OR=3,12. O escore de risco demonstrou que 57,7% dos adolescentes com maiores graus de obesidade tinham duas ou mais alterações metabólicas para 16,7% do outro grupo (p<0,001. CONCLUSÃO: O grau da obesidade influenciou no aparecimento de alterações que compõem a síndrome metabólica, aumentando o risco cardiovascular.

Prevalência e fatores associados à obesidade abdominal em adolescentes Prevalencia y factores asociados a la obesidad abdominal en adolescentes Prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated factors in adolescents

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Marcelo Romanzini

2011-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de obesidade abdominal e sua associação com fatores demográficos, econômicos e estilo de vida em adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal conduzido em 644 adolescentes (397 do sexo feminino e 247 do masculino, de 15 a 19 anos. Foram coletadas informações demográficas (sexo e idade, econômicas (nível econômico e comportamentais (atividade física, alimentação, tabagismo e etilismo. A obesidade abdominal (desfecho foi determinada com base em pontos de corte para a circunferência de cintura, específicos ao sexo e à idade. A análise multivariada foi realizada por meio de regressão logística, estimando-se Odds Ratios (OR brutas e ajustadas, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de obesidade abdominal foi de 7,5%. Adolescentes do sexo masculino (OR 2,34; IC95% 1,27-4,32, de nível econômico intermediário (OR 2,89; IC95% 1,35-6,19 e alto (OR 2,98; IC95% 1,31-6,77 e que consumiam bebida alcoólica de forma abusiva (OR 2,12; IC95% 1,10-4,09 apresentaram maior chance de possuírem obesidade abdominal. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de obesidade abdominal foi baixa em comparação aos estudos internacionais. Ademais, encontrou-se que o sexo, o nível econômico e o consumo abusivo de álcool se associaram à obesidade abdominal.OBJETIVO: Verificar la prevalencia de obesidad abdominal y su asociación con factores demográficos, económicos y estilo de vida en adolescentes. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal conducido en 644 adolescentes (397 del sexo masculino y 247 del femenino de 15 a 18 años. Se recogieron informaciones demográficas (sexo, edad, económicas (nivel económico y comportamentales (actividad física, alimentación, tabaquismo, alcoholismo. La obesidad abdominal (desfecho fue determinada con base en puntos de corte para la circunferencia de la cintura, específicos al sexo y la edad. El análisis multivariado se realizó mediante regresión logística, estimando

Sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares

OpenAIRE

Sanchéz R., José

2009-01-01

El sobrepeso y la obesidad es una afección compleja con componentes genéticos, ambientales, caracterizado por un desbalance energético positivo entre la cantidad de calorías ingeridas y las utilizadas. La persistencia de este estado en el crecimiento y desarrollo del escolar puede llevar a efectos sobre su morbilidad y mortalidad en la edad adulta. Además de los efectos mencionados, la obesidad está asociada con problemas de depresión, pérdida de autoestima y alteración de la imagen corpo...

Obesidade em adultos de segmentos pauperizados da sociedade

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Marinho Sheila Pita

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O aumento da incidência de obesidade em segmentos pauperizados da sociedade levanta a questão sobre sua etiologia. Este trabalho pretende caracterizar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade nestas populações. Participaram da pesquisa 390 famílias, incluindo 782 indivíduos com idades iguais ou maiores de 19 anos, dos quais 360 (46,0% eram homens e 422 (54,0% mulheres. As prevalências de obesidade entre os homens das zonas urbana e rural foram de 5,6% e 5,8%, respectivamente. Em relação ao sobrepeso, esta incidência foi de cerca de 25% em ambas as regiões, evidenciando-se aumento com a idade. As prevalências de obesidade entre homens e mulheres foram, respectivamente, de 5,6% e 21,6% (p<0,05. Entre as mulheres a ocorrência de obesidade aumentou discretamente com a idade, com prevalências padronizadas de 19,8% na zona urbana e 23,4% na rural. Considerando tratar-se de uma população pauperizada, o excesso de peso, que atinge principalmente as mulheres, tem etiologia complexa e precisa ser melhor estudado.

Impulsividade na obesidade: questões conceituais e metodológicas

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Cibele Pereira; Ethel Zimberg Chehter

2011-01-01

El manejo clínico de la obesidad, psicológicos y los factores ambientales son los objetivos de gestión que mejor pueden contribuir a la pérdida de peso. Entre los aspectos psicológicos, la impulsividad se destaca como un componente importante de los atracones que pueden conducir a la obesidad. Objetivo: Describir los estudios que investigaron la relación entre la impulsividad y la obesidad. Método: base de datos de búsqueda con descriptores impulsividad Bireme y la obesidad en los títulos o r...

Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en Guaraní-Mbya de Misiones

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Orden, Alicia Bibiana

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad y patrón de adiposidad en niños y adultos Mbyá-Guaraní. Estatura, peso, perímetro braquial y pliegues subcutáneos tricipital y subescapular fueron medidos en 197 individuos de 2 a 60 años de edad, residentes en las comunidades de Kaaguy Poty e Yvy Pytá, Aristóbulo del Valle (provincia de Misiones. Se calcularon el índice de masa corporal (IMC, las áreas muscular y adiposa y el índice subescapular/tricipital. Los datos fueron estandarizados a puntaje z empleando NHANES I & II. El sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron definidos por los valores de IMC comprendidos entre los percentiles 85 y 95 ó los superiores al percentil 95, respectivamente. Comparados con la referencia, los Mbyá tuvieron menor peso y talla, y mayor IMC. No hubo diferencias marcadas en la masa adiposa y muscular. Las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad fueron de 16.2 y 14.7% respectivamente y no difirieron entre sexos. El 60% de los individuos con sobrepeso y obesidad mostraron distribución centralizada de la adiposidad y 49% de ellos tuvieron alto riesgo de adiposidad abdominal. Los presentes resultados aportan nuevas evidencias sobre el incremento de la obesidad en Amerindios, como parte del proceso de transición nutricional. Los cambios en el estilo de vida pueden explicar parte de la tendencia observada.

Etiopatogenia de la obesidad

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Carrasco N. Fernando, Dr., Msc

2012-03-01

Full Text Available La investigación de los factores etiopatogénicos de la obesidad, sean estos ambientales o genéticos, ha influido fuertemente en el desarrollo de las estrategias para controlar la enfermedad. Se considera a la obesidad como una enfermedad en la cual confluyen factores genéticos y ambientales, pero no se han dilucidado cabalmente los mecanismos de regulación del balance energético, cuyas alteraciones favorecen el incremento de la adiposidad en humanos. Entre los factores ambientales, además de la alimentación alta en calorías y el sedentarismo, se describen factores predisponentes sociales, culturales y familiares, así como situaciones o etapas fisiológicas de la vida que pueden gatillar aumento de peso. Aunque los factores y patologías genéticas se pueden evidenciar en un bajo porcentaje de los sujetos obesos, la predisposición genética a la obesidad se puede expresar a través de algunas características metabólicas, como un bajo gasto energético de reposo, mala oxidación de grasas o un bajo nivel de actividad física espontánea.

Increased plasma levels of FABP4 and PTEN is associated with more severe insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Yuan-yuan; Xiao, Rui; Li, Cai-ping; Huangfu, Jian; Mao, Jiang-feng

2015-02-08

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and insulin resistance in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Plasma FABP4 and PTEN were determined by ELISA in GDM patients (GDM group, n=30) and in euglycemic pregnant women (control group, n=30). The clinical features, body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profiles were compared between the 2 groups. The influence of risk factors on insulin resistance, including BMI, lipid profiles, FABP4, and PTEN, were further investigated by multiple-factor stepwise regression analysis. Higher levels of BMI, ΔBMI, triglyceride (TG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG), fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, FABP4, PTEN, and lower level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were found in the GDM patients than in the controls (all Pinsulin resistance. GDM patients have more severe insulin resistance compared to euglycemic pregnant women. Higher levels of plasma FABP4 and PTEN are associated with increased insulin resistance and may participate in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance during gestation.

O microbioma intestinal e as suas implicações na obesidade

OpenAIRE

Martins, Ana Raquel Silva

2015-01-01

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz O organismo humano é colonizado por uma enorme variedade de microrganismos que constituem o microbioma humano. Estes microrganismos colonizam várias partes do corpo humano, entre elas o intestino. O objetivo deste trabalho é rever o conhecimento atual sobre o microbioma intestinal, a sua importância e o seu papel na saúde. Assim, destaca-se o estudo e a evolução do microbioma intestinal ao lon...

La obesidad: aspectos psicológicos y conductuales

OpenAIRE

Bersh, Sonia

2006-01-01

Introducción: La obesidad es un problema médico de creciente gravedad por su morbilidad y su alta y creciente prevalencia. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión actualizada acerca de la obesidad y su tratamiento, con énfasis en los aspectos de mayor interés para la práctica psiquiátrica. Resultados: La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica de difícil manejo y alta tasa de recurrencia, que se asocia con complicaciones médicas graves. Los factores psicológicos y conductuales son muy relevantes en el cur...

Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevented Adipocyte Hypertrophy by Downregulating DGAT-2 and FABP-4 in a Sex-Dependent Fashion.

Science.gov (United States)

Balogun, Kayode A; Cheema, Sukhinder K

2016-01-01

Obesity is characterized by an increase in fat mass primarily as a result of adipocyte hypertrophy. Diets enriched in omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are suggested to reduce obesity, however, the mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the effect of n-3 PUFA on adipocyte hypertrophy and the key genes involved in adipocyte hypertrophy. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed semi-purified diets (20 % w/w fat) containing high n-3 PUFA before mating, during pregnancy, and until weaning. Male and female offspring were continued on high n-3 PUFA (10 % w/w), medium n-3 PUFA (4 % w/w), or low n-3 PUFA (2 % w/w) diet for 16 weeks postweaning. Adipocyte area was quantified using microscopy, and gonadal mRNA expression of acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT-2), fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP-4) and leptin were measured. The high n-3 PUFA group showed higher levels of total n-3 PUFA in gonadal TAG compared to the medium and low n-3 PUFA groups (P < 0.001). The high n-3 PUFA male group had a lower adipocyte area compared to the medium and low n-3 PUFA group (P < 0.001); however, no difference was observed in females. The high n-3 PUFA male group showed lower mRNA expression of FABP-4, DGAT-2 and leptin compared to the low n-3 PUFA group, with no difference in females. Plasma lipid levels were lower in the high n-3 PUFA group compared to the other groups. Our findings show for the first time that n-3 PUFA prevents adipocyte hypertrophy by downregulating FABP-4, DGAT-2 and leptin; the effects are however sex-specific.

Estigma do nutricionista com obesidade no mundo do trabalho

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Kênya Lima de Araújo

2015-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Este estudo analisa narrativas de nutricionistas mulheres, com obesidade e sua relação com o trabalho, a vida social e a obesidade. MÉTODOS: A abordagem qualitativa com entrevistas semiestruturadas apresenta análises na perspectiva hermenêutica das narrativas de 11 nutricionistas da cidade de Salvador, Bahia. RESULTADOS: A pesquisa revela que esses sujeitos vivem experiências de estigma e sofrimento no trabalho e em outras relações sociais. Elas são excluídas do trabalho porque a obesidade não é compatível com a atuação prescritora e normatizadora de corpos do nutricionista. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo expõe o conflito de estar obesa nessa categoria que representa o próprio antagonismo à obesidade.

Retinoic acid regulates cell-shape and -death of E-FABP (FABP5)-immunoreactive septoclasts in the growth plate cartilage of mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Bando, Yasuhiko; Yamamoto, Miyuki; Sakiyama, Koji; Sakashita, Hide; Taira, Fuyoko; Miyake, Genki; Iseki, Shoichi; Owada, Yuji; Amano, Osamu

2017-09-01

Septoclasts, which are mononuclear and spindle-shaped cells with many processes, have been considered to resorb the transverse septa of the growth plate (GP) cartilage at the chondro-osseous junction (COJ). We previously reported the expression of epidermal-type fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP, FABP5) and localization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ, which mediates the cell survival or proliferation, in septoclasts. On the other hand, retinoic acid (RA) can bind to E-FABP and is stored abundantly in the GP cartilage. From these information, it is possible to hypothesize that RA in the GP is incorporated into septoclasts during the cartilage resorption and regulates the growth and/or death of septoclasts. To clarify the mechanism of the cartilage resorption induced by RA, we administered an overdose of RA or its precursor vitamin A (VA)-deficient diet to young mice. In mice of both RA excess and VA deficiency, septoclasts decreased in the number and cell size in association with shorter and lesser processes than those in normal mice, suggesting a substantial suppression of resorption by septoclasts in the GP cartilage. Lack of PPARβ/δ-expression, TUNEL reaction, RA receptor (RAR)β, and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP)-II were induced in E-FABP-positive septoclasts under RA excess, suggesting the growth arrest/cell-death of septoclasts, whereas cartilage-derived retinoic acid-sensitive protein (CD-RAP) inducing the cell growth arrest or morphological changes was induced in septoclasts under VA deficiency. These results support and do not conflict with our hypothesis, suggesting that endogenous RA in the GP is possibly incorporated in septoclasts and utilized to regulate the activity of septoclasts resorbing the GP cartilage.

Variables socionutricionales de hogares mazahuas integrados por preescolares desnutridos con madres con obesidad y sin obesidad

OpenAIRE

Viridiana Vanessa Conzuelo-González

2009-01-01

El primer objetivo fue conocer cuántos menores de cinco años con diferentes grados de desnutrición tienen una madre con sobrepeso/obesidad/ en una comunidad indígena que vive en extrema pobreza y bajo condiciones de migración masculina internacional. El segundo fue comparar tres variables socionutricionales (ingreso familiar, educación de la madre y adecuación nutrimental de la dieta diaria) entre estos hogares y los hogares con desnutrición infantil y madres sin obesidad. Se realizó un estud...

Variables socionutricionales de hogares mazahuas integrados por preescolares desnutridos con madres con obesidad y sin obesidad

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Viridiana Vanessa Conzuelo-González; Ivonne Vizcarra-Bordi

2009-01-01

El primer objetivo fue conocer cuántos menores de cinco años con diferentes grados de desnutrición tienen una madre con sobrepeso/obesidad/ en una comunidad indígena que vive en extrema pobreza y bajo condiciones de migración masculina internacional. El segundo fue comparar tres variables socionutricionales (ingreso familiar, educación de la madre y adecuación nutrimental de la dieta diaria) entre estos hogares y los hogares con desnutrición infantil y madres sin obesidad. Se realizó un est...

Enhanced A-FABP expression in visceral fat: potential contributor to the progression of NASH

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Min Yong Yoon

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Background/AimsAdipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that secretes various metabolically important substances including adipokines, which represent a link between insulin resistance and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH. The factors responsible for the progression from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis remain elusive, but adipokine imbalance may play a pivotal role. We evaluated the expressions of adipokines such as visfatin, adipocyte-fatty-acid-binding protein (A-FABP, and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4 in serum and tissue. The aim was to discover whether these adipokines are potential predictors of NASH.MethodsPolymerase chain reaction, quantification of mRNA, and Western blots encoding A-FABP, RBP-4, and visfatin were used to study tissue samples from the liver, and visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The tissue samples were from biopsy specimens obtained from patients with proven NASH who were undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to gallbladder polyps.ResultsPatients were classified into two groups: NASH, n=10 and non-NASH, n=20 according to their nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Activity Score. Although serum A-FABP levels did not differ between the two groups, the expressions of A-FABP mRNA and protein in the visceral adipose tissue were significantly higher in NASH group than in non-NASH group (104.34 vs. 97.05, P<0.05, and 190.01 vs. 95.15, P<0.01, respectively. Furthermore, the A-FABP protein expression ratio between visceral adipose tissue and liver was higher in NASH group than in non-NASH group (4.38 vs. 1.64, P<0.05.ConclusionsNASH patients had higher levels of A-FABP expression in their visceral fat compared to non-NASH patients. This differential A-FABP expression may predispose patients to the progressive form of NASH.

Ejercicio y prevención de obesidad y diabetes mellitus gestacional

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Márquez A,Jorge Jaime; García V,Victoria; Ardila C,Ricardo

2012-01-01

La obesidad y la diabetes tipo 2 están aumentando a nivel mundial y generan gran morbilidad y mortalidad, y afectan al paciente, la familia y al sistema de salud. Los niveles bajos de actividad física están contribuyendo con la epidemia de obesidad y diabetes tipo 2 en mujeres en edad fértil. La mayoría de las mujeres siguen el sedentarismo o suspende el ejercicio cuando se dan cuenta del embarazo, lo cual predispone al desarrollo de diabetes gestacional y a ganancia excesiva de peso durante ...

Obesidad y Mercado de Trabajo: Factores Determinantes e Implicaciones

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Benítez Llamazares, Nuria

2016-01-01

El sobrepeso y la obesidad se definen de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como “una acumulación anormal o excesiva de grasa que puede ser perjudicial para la salud”. Ambos conceptos, sobrepeso y obesidad, son considerados factores determinantes de riesgo en la salud de la población y en las últimas décadas hemos visto cómo los porcentajes de población con sobrepeso y obesidad se han incrementado de forma alarmante, especialmente en los países desarrollados....

Obesidad infantil: factor de riesgo para desarrollar pie plano

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Saldívar-Cerón, Héctor Iván; Garmendia Ramírez, Alberto; Rocha Acevedo, Marco Antonio; Pérez-Rodríguez, Pedro

2015-01-01

Introducción: En México, la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares es del 34.4% (ENSANUT 2012). Esta puede inducir un círculo vicioso “pie plano-plantalgia-sedentarismo-obesidad”. Sin embargo, la presencia y grado de pie plano en escolares con obesidad no se ha descrito en la población mexicana. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de pie plano y su asociación con obesidad en escolares de Tamaulipas, México. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, transversal c...

Impulsividade na obesidade: questões conceituais e metodológicas

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Cibele Pereira

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El manejo clínico de la obesidad, psicológicos y los factores ambientales son los objetivos de gestión que mejor pueden contribuir a la pérdida de peso. Entre los aspectos psicológicos, la impulsividad se destaca como un componente importante de los atracones que pueden conducir a la obesidad. Objetivo: Describir los estudios que investigaron la relación entre la impulsividad y la obesidad. Método: base de datos de búsqueda con descriptores impulsividad Bireme y la obesidad en los títulos o resúmenes de 2002 a 2009. Resultados: La búsqueda ha dado 44 artículos de los cuales 22 fueron seleccionados con un enfoque en el estudio de la impulsividad asociados a la obesidad, hiperfagia y / o trastorno por atracón. Conclusión: Los estudios destinados a investigar la asociación de la obesidad, el trastorno de hiperactividad y déficit de atención y trastorno del atracón avances prometedores en la identificación de un denominador común, pero requieren instrumentos más específicos que se pueden utilizar en las muestras de expresión.

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) as an early diagnostic biomarker in patients with acute chest pain.

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Vupputuri, Anjith; Sekhar, Saritha; Krishnan, Sajitha; Venugopal, K; Natarajan, K U

2015-01-01

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is an emerging biomarker, which was found to be sensitive for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We prospectively investigated the usefulness of H-FABP determination for the evaluation of acute chest pain in patients arriving at the emergency department. Fifty-four patients presenting with acute ischemic chest pain were evaluated. H-FABP was estimated at admission using latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. Serial cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB) determination, ischemia workup with stress testing, and/or coronary angiogram (CAG) were performed according to standard protocols. The sensitivity and specificity of H-FABP was 89.7% and 68%, for cTnI it was 62.1% and 100%, and for CK-MB it was 44.8% and 92%, respectively for diagnosis of AMI. The sensitivity of H-FABP was found to be far superior to initial cTnI and CK-MB, for those seen within 6h (100% vs. 46.1%, 33% respectively). On further evaluation of patients with positive H-FABP and negative cTnI, 71.4% of the patients had significant lesion on CAG, indicating ischemic cause of H-FABP elevation. Six patients with normal cTnI and CK-MB with high H-FABP had ST elevation on subsequent ECGs and were taken for primary angioplasty. H-FABP is a highly sensitive biomarker for the early diagnosis of AMI. H-FABP as early marker and cTnI as late marker would be the ideal combination to cover the complete diagnostic window for AMI. Detection of myocardial injury by H-FABP may also be applied in patients with unstable angina. H-FABP can also be used as a marker for early detection of STEMI before the ECG changes become apparent. Copyright © 2015 Cardiological Society of India. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Obesidad infantil

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Zapata Delgado, Leyre Beatriz

2012-01-01

Se explica y expone qué es la obesidad y que la desencadena para, posteriormente, analizar las acciones que se están poniendo en marcha para luchar contra esta lacra social. Finalmente se nos da a conocer una experiencia piloto que tuvo lugar en Extremadura a través de un programa de salud pública donde se pone en evidencia la importancia de un trabajo colectivo, coordinado y multisectorial.

Obesidad: epidemia del nuevo milenio

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Guido Lastra Lastra

2005-07-01

Full Text Available La obesidad es una de las enfermedades más antiguas del mundo, sin embargo hasta hace relativamente poco se ha reconocido como tal, debido a su gran incidencia en la salud pública por sus características epidémicas y por las funestas asociaciones que la acompañan. Aún cuando es sus comienzos esta acumulación de energía permitió la supervivencia en épocas de hambruna, la evolución hormonal que implica este fenómeno la ha convertido en una afección epidémica, propiciada por el sedentarismo y la sobre alimentación. El sueño de nuestros ancestros de comida disponible con menor esfuerzo ha llegado a ser una pesadilla. Un gran número de factores hormonales producidos en diversos tejidos por más de 450 genes se encargan de mantener una homeostasis energética cuya alteración puede promover la obesidad; a su vez los adipocitos hipertróficos producen adipocinas que alteran el metabolismo de la glucosa, predisponiendo a diabetes mellitus y a la lesión del endotelio vascular generando enfermedad cardiovascular. La obesidad se constituye así en un estado proinflamatorio crónico de bajo grado. Las diferentes estrategias de tratamiento de esta enfermedad multifactorial implican una disminución en el aporte y un aumento del gasto energéticos. El tratamiento definitivo a muy largo plazo posiblemente resulte del desarrollo de la biología molecular, sin embargo en el momento actual ese horizonte está tan lejano que el conocimiento de las graves complicaciones de la obesidad, los esfuerzos educativos, los cambios en el medio ambiente y en el estilo de vida son críticos para enfrentar el desafío.

Intestinal epithelial apoptosis initiates gut mucosal injury during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the newborn piglet.

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MohanKumar, Krishnan; Killingsworth, Cheryl R; McIlwain, R Britt; Timpa, Joseph G; Jagadeeswaran, Ramasamy; Namachivayam, Kopperuncholan; Kurundkar, Ashish R; Kelly, David R; Garzon, Steven A; Maheshwari, Akhil

2014-02-01

Neonates and young infants exposed to extracorporeal circulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and cardiopulmonary bypass are at risk of developing a systemic inflammatory response syndrome with multi-organ dysfunction. We used a piglet model of ECMO to investigate the hypothesis that epithelial apoptosis is an early event that precedes villous damage during ECMO-related bowel injury. Healthy 3-week-old piglets were subjected to ECMO for up to 8 h. Epithelial apoptosis was measured in histopathological analysis, nuclear imaging, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. Plasma intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay. Intestinal mast cells were isolated by fluorescence-assisted cell sorting. Cleaved caspase-8, caspase-9, phospho-p38 MAPK, and fas ligand expression were investigated by immunohistochemistry, western blots, and reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR. Piglet ECMO was associated with increased gut epithelial apoptosis. Extensive apoptotic changes were noted on villus tips and in scattered crypt cells after 2 h of ECMO. After 8 h, the villi were denuded and apoptotic changes were evident in a majority of crypt cells. Increased circulating I-FABP levels, a marker of gut epithelial injury, showed that epithelial injury occurred during ECMO. We detected increased cleaved caspase-8, but not cleaved caspase-9, in epithelial cells indicating that the extrinsic apoptotic pathway was active. ECMO was associated with increased fas ligand expression in intestinal mast cells, which was induced through activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. We conclude that epithelial apoptosis is an early event that initiates gut mucosal injury in a piglet model of ECMO.

Comportamiento alimentario y obesidad infantil en Sonora, México

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Juana María Hernández; Gloria María Cañez; Hevilat Frías

2010-01-01

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar los factores sociales asociados con la obesidad y con los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo en un grupo de niños y niñas de 7 a 12 años de edad, en Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Los resultados muestran que el 40% de la población estudiada presentó sobrepeso y obesidad; el 39 % tuvo predisposición a prácticas alimentarias de riesgo y el 30% ya presentaba dichos rasgos. Se encontró que el miedo a la obesidad y la obsesión por la delgadez, la ansi...

Comportamiento alimentario y obesidad infantil en Sonora, México

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Meléndez, Juana María; Cañez, Gloria María; Frías, Hevilat

2010-01-01

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar los factores sociales asociados con la obesidad y con los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo en un grupo de niños y niñas de 7 a 12 años de edad, en Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Los resultados muestran que el 40% de la población estudiada presentó sobrepeso y obesidad; el 39 % tuvo predisposición a prácticas alimentarias de riesgo y el 30% ya presentaba dichos rasgos. Se encontró que el miedo a la obesidad y la obsesión por la delgadez, la ansie...

Effects of Immune Stress on Performance Parameters, Intestinal Enzyme Activity and mRNA Expression of Intestinal Transporters in Broiler Chickens

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Y. Feng

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Immune stress is the loss of immune homeostasis caused by external forces. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of immune stress on the growth performance, small intestinal enzymes and peristalsis rate, and mRNA expression of nutrient transporters in broiler chickens. Four hundred and thirty-two 1-d-old broilers (Cobb500 were randomly assigned to four groups for treatment; each group included nine cages with 12 birds per cage. Group 1 = no vaccine (NV; Group 2 = conventional vaccine (CV; group 3 = lipopolysaccharide (LPS+conventional vaccine (LPS; group 4 = cyclophosphamide (CYP+conventional vaccine (CYP. The results demonstrated that immune stress by LPS and CYP reduced body weight gain (BWG, feed intake (FI, small intestine peristalsis rate and sIgA content in small intestinal digesta (p<0.05. However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR remained unchanged during the feeding period. LPS and CYP increased intestinal enzyme activity, relative expression of SGLT-1, CaBP-D28k and L-FABP mRNAs (p<0.05. LPS and CYP injection had a negative effect on the growth performance of healthy broiler chickens. The present study demonstrated that NV and CV could improve growth performance while enzyme activity in small intestine and relative expression of nutrient transporter mRNA of NV and CV were decreased in the conditions of a controlled rational feeding environment. It is generally recommended that broilers only need to be vaccinated for the diseases to which they might be exposed.

Obesidad femenina y su relación con la fertilidad

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Orfo Méndez, Iván

2016-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar si en la bibliografía se demuestra que existe una asociación positiva entre la obesidad femenina y la infertilidad. Se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica sobre artículos relacionados con la "obesidad " y su relación con la "fertilidad femenina", comprobando así las posibles influencias de las consecuencias de la obesidad, sobre las mujeres. Grado en Nutrición Humana y Dietética

Direct interaction between EgFABP1, a fatty acid binding protein from Echinococcus granulosus, and phospholipid membranes.

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Jorge L Porfido

Full Text Available Growth and maintenance of hydatid cysts produced by Echinococcus granulosus have a high requirement for host lipids for biosynthetic processes, membrane building and possibly cellular and developmental signalling. This requires a high degree of lipid trafficking facilitated by lipid transporter proteins. Members of the fatty acid binding protein (FABP family have been identified in Echinococcus granulosus, one of which, EgFABP1 is expressed at the tegumental level in the protoscoleces, but it has also been described in both hydatid cyst fluid and secretions of protoscoleces. In spite of a considerable amount of structural and biophysical information on the FABPs in general, their specific functions remain mysterious.We have investigated the way in which EgFABP1 may interact with membranes using a variety of fluorescence-based techniques and artificial small unilamellar vesicles. We first found that bacterial recombinant EgFABP1 is loaded with fatty acids from the synthesising bacteria, and that fatty acid binding increases its resistance to proteinases, possibly due to subtle conformational changes induced on EgFABP1. By manipulating the composition of lipid vesicles and the ionic environment, we found that EgFABP1 interacts with membranes in a direct contact, collisional, manner to exchange ligand, involving both ionic and hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, we observed that the protein can compete with cytochrome c for association with the surface of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs.This work constitutes a first approach to the understanding of protein-membrane interactions of EgFABP1. The results suggest that this protein may be actively involved in the exchange and transport of fatty acids between different membranes and cellular compartments within the parasite.

Obesidad y menopausia Obesity and menopause

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I. Pavón de Paz; C. Alameda Hernando; J. Olivar Roldán

2006-01-01

La menopausia es una de las etapas críticas en la vida de la mujer en la que se favorece la ganancia de peso y el desarrollo o agravamiento de la obesidad. Es en ésta época cuando se encuentra la prevalencia de obesidad más elevada. Las causas de éste problema son múltiples, unas se relacionan claramente con el hipoestrogenismo y otras dependen de la edad, condicionando un aumento de la ingesta y una disminución del gasto energético. Esta ganancia ponderal se asocia a consecuencias adversas p...

Aspectos éticos de la obesidad

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de Santiago Martín, Sandra

2016-01-01

El sobrepeso y la obesidad se están convirtiendo en uno de los problemas de salud de mayor preocupación, convirtiéndose en los últimos años en una verdadera pandemia mundial. Los objetivos de esta revisión bibliográfica son analizar los aspectos éticos de la obesidad, desde el punto de vista de la familia y la sociedad, las buenas prácticas sanitarias, los principios bioéticos y de los derechos del paciente obeso. Para realizar este trabajo de investigación se accedieron a las bases de ...

Urinary NGAL, KIM-1 and L-FABP concentrations in antenatal hydronephrosis.

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Noyan, Aytul; Parmaksiz, Gonul; Dursun, Hasan; Ezer, Semire Serin; Anarat, Ruksan; Cengiz, Nurcan

2015-10-01

The clinical tests currently in use for obstructive nephropathy (such as renal ultrasonography, differential radionuclide renal scans and urinary creatinine concentration data) are not efficient predictors of the subsequent clinical course. Novel and simple biomarkers are required which, if proven, could be clinically beneficial in determining if a patient is eligible for surgery or reno-protective therapy. More recently, the interest of clinicians has focused on the potential of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) and urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding proteins (uL-FABP) as biomarkers for renal function in children with hydronephrosis (HN). The purpose of this study was to investigate possible clinical applications of uNGAL, uKIM-1 and uL-FABP as beneficial non-invasive biomarkers to determine whether or not surgical intervention is required in children with HN. Renal ultrasonography and radionuclide renal scans were used as diagnostic tools to detect HN. Patients were divided into two groups based on the antero-posterior diameter of their renal pelvis and the presence of dysfunction. Group 1 included 26 children with severe HN (with dysfunction), and group 2 consisted of 36 children with mild HN (without dysfunction). Urine samples were collected from 62 children with HN and 20 healthy children. Hydronephrosis was more common in males than in females, with a male to female ratio of 9:1 in the study sample. The incidence of left kidney involvement (32 patients) was slightly higher than right kidney involvement (28 patients). Compared with controls and group 2, the ratio of uNGAL to creatinine was significantly higher in group 1 (p hydronephrosis and dysfunction had significantly increased uNGAL, and uNGAL/Cr concentrations. However, uKIM-1, uKIM-1/Cr, uL-FABP and uL-FABP/Cr concentrations were not significantly different when compared with controls. These results support the use of u

Prevención y educación en obesidad infantil

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Pallaruelo Lanau, Sandra

2012-01-01

El programa de “Prevención y Educación en Obesidad Infantil” tiene como objetivo general prevenir los factores de riesgo de la obesidad y del sobrepeso en la población infantil escolarizada en Educación Primaria en la ciudad de Monzón (Huesca). Hoy en día la obesidad se ha convertido en un serio problema de Salud Pública debido a su gran magnitud y tendencia ascendente (siendo la epidemia del siglo XXI), a su gravedad ya que provoca muchas enfermedades y problemas de salud (diabetes mellit...

Adipocitos, obesidad visceral, inflamación y enfermedad cardiovascular

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Fernando Manzur, MD.,FACC.

2010-09-01

Full Text Available La obesidad es un importante problema de salud a nivel mundial. Se considera el resultado de la combinación de factores genéticos, alimentación inadecuada y falta de actividad física regular. La ingestión de una dieta de alta densidad energética, es la principal causa de obesidad visceral o central, ya que el exceso de energía se almacena en los adipocitos, que aumentan en tamaño y en número, o ambos, en especial los viscerales, produciendo un incremento en la tasa de lipólisis, que a su vez, estimula la secreción de citoquinas por leucocitos, macrófagos y adipocitos, y conduce a estado proinflamatorio, resistencia a la insulina y disfunción endotelial. Esta última, favorecida por el proceso inflamatorio, puede ser el vínculo de unión entre la obesidad y la enfermedad cardiovascular. Así, la disfunción del tejido adiposo representa el mecanismo etiopatogénico en el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular, iniciado por la obesidad visceral.

Farnesoid X Receptor Activation Attenuates Intestinal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats.

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Laurens J Ceulemans

Full Text Available The farnesoid X receptor (FXR is abundantly expressed in the ileum, where it exerts an enteroprotective role as a key regulator of intestinal innate immunity and homeostasis, as shown in pre-clinical models of inflammatory bowel disease. Since intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI is characterized by hyperpermeability, bacterial translocation and inflammation, we aimed to investigate, for the first time, if the FXR-agonist obeticholic acid (OCA could attenuate intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury.In a validated rat model of intestinal IRI (laparotomy + temporary mesenteric artery clamping, 3 conditions were tested (n = 16/group: laparotomy only (sham group; ischemia 60min+ reperfusion 60min + vehicle pretreatment (IR group; ischemia 60min + reperfusion 60min + OCA pretreatment (IR+OCA group. Vehicle or OCA (INT-747, 2*30mg/kg was administered by gavage 24h and 4h prior to IRI. The following end-points were analyzed: 7-day survival; biomarkers of enterocyte viability (L-lactate, I-FABP; histology (morphologic injury to villi/crypts and villus length; intestinal permeability (Ussing chamber; endotoxin translocation (Lipopolysaccharide assay; cytokines (IL-6, IL-1-β, TNFα, IFN-γ IL-10, IL-13; apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3; and autophagy (LC3, p62.It was found that intestinal IRI was associated with high mortality (90%; loss of intestinal integrity (structurally and functionally; increased endotoxin translocation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production; and inhibition of autophagy. Conversely, OCA-pretreatment improved 7-day survival up to 50% which was associated with prevention of epithelial injury, preserved intestinal architecture and permeability. Additionally, FXR-agonism led to decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine release and alleviated autophagy inhibition.Pretreatment with OCA, an FXR-agonist, improves survival in a rodent model of intestinal IRI, preserves the gut barrier function and suppresses inflammation. These results turn

TENDÊNCIAS alimentar ea obesidade JUVENTUDE NO PAQUISTÃO

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Anjum Hashmi

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Contexto: A epidemia de obesidade decolou por volta de 1980 e em quase todos os países tem vindo a aumentar inexoravelmente desde então. Só em 1997 foi que aceitam que este era um problema de saúde pública. Também está se tornando um importante problema de saúde pública entre as crianças do Paquistão devido a mudanças no estilo de vida e outros fatores. O aumento da prevalência da obesidade na infância e seus riscos à saúde concomitante justificam os esforços para a prevenção generalizada. Embora tanto a dieta e atividade física têm sido enfatizadas como as intervenções apropriadas, existem dados limitados sobre as tendências em alimentos e nutrientes consumidos nos jovens paquistaneses, devido à falta de dados consistentes recolhidos a nível nacional, o estudo enfoca o papel da dieta na prevenção da obesidade . Objetivos: Analisar os vários tipos de tendências alimentares em jovens levando a obesidade em jovens de escolas urbanas de alta do Paquistão. Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi conduzido entre 01 de janeiro de 2008 a 30 de Junho de 2009, em Hyderabad. Um total de 504 homens e mulheres estudantes de seis a dez grade foram selecionados por amostragem aleatória simples. Eles foram entrevistados por coletores de dados treinados através de questionário dieta. As medidas antropométricas foram realizadas com instrumentos calibrados com a idade eo sexo do IMC específicos pontos de corte de acordo com a OMS, referência de crescimento. Resultados: A prevalência de sobrepeso (percentil> 85 e obesidade (percentil> 95 foi de 23% e 15% entre os meninos, respectivamente, enquanto que nas meninas a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foi de 16% e 8% respectivamente. A cintura com as taxas de quadril (RCQ é outra medida de obesidade central, juntamente com o IMC. Uma percentagem significativa de meninas (86% e meninos (85% tiveram RCQ anormal. Cerca de 83% das crianças não trouxe qualquer almoço / lanche na

Obesidade: uma doença inflamatória = Obesity: an inflammatory disease

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Leite, Lúcia Dantas

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A inflamação do tecido adiposo na obesidade tem dado um novo enfoque a essa enfermidade epidêmica e parece estar relacionada à patogênese de suas co-morbidades. Objetivo: Discorrer sobre a obesidade e conduzir o leitor a novas percepções sobre seu caráter inflamatório. Materiais e Métodos: A revisão sistemática foi baseada na coleta de artigos completos de revisão em humanos, publicados em inglês, contidos no PubMed, nos últimos 5 anos, com as palavras-chave “obesity”, “adipokines” e “inflammation”. Resultados: A compilação dos 180 artigos encontrados fortalece a proposição da obesidade enquanto doença inflamatória, provada pelo aumento de adipocinas pro-inflamatórias no tecido adiposo de obesos, como o TNF-a, IL-6, PCR, MCP-1, leptina e resistina. A literatura científica também é convincente quanto a associação da inflamação com o surgimento ou agravamento das co-morbidades da obesidade, em especial diabetes tipo 2 e doenças cardiovasculares. Conclusões: Apesar dos avanços, muitos mecanismos envolvidos na inflamação do tecido adiposo e seus efeitos ainda precisam ser esclarecidos. Dessa forma, pesquisas nesse campo devem ser incentivadas para melhor embasamento das medidas de promoção à saúde, prevenção e tratamento da obesidade e suas co-morbidades

PREVALÊNCIA DE OBESIDADE E SOBREPESO ENTRE OS UNIVERSITÁRIOS DO CAMPUS DE SAÚDE DA UNIVERSIDADE DE PERNAMBUCO

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VIVIANE TANNURI FERREIRA LIMA FALCÃO

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El alto predominio de sobrepeso y de obesidad es actualmente uno de los problemas más importantes de salud pública. Objetivo: calcular el predominio de obesidad y sobrepeso de estudiantes universitarios adolescentes del departamento de salud pública de la universidad de PE; identificarlos según: sexo, edad, renta familiar mensual y estilo de vida. Métodos: estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo, transversal con características cuantitativas y cualitativas. La población estudiada abarcó 5680 universitarios de 18 a 22 años de edad. Resultados: el predominio de sobrepeso y de obesidad fue igual al 6,2% en los hombres y en las mujeres igual al 4%. El 41,7% de los universitarios dijeron que tenían parentesco con la obesidad; el 62,5% suele consumir comidas equilibradas. El sedentarismo hace parte del 41,2% de los adolescentes. Conclusión: la obesidad predomina en el 1,2% de los 240 universitarios y el sobrepeso aparece en el 9.2%; esta condición clínica llega a cocientes epidémicos globales y se presenta en todas las edades y clases socio-económicas.

The primary structure of fatty-acid-binding protein from nurse shark liver. Structural and evolutionary relationship to the mammalian fatty-acid-binding protein family.

Science.gov (United States)

Medzihradszky, K F; Gibson, B W; Kaur, S; Yu, Z H; Medzihradszky, D; Burlingame, A L; Bass, N M

1992-02-01

The primary structure of a fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP) isolated from the liver of the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) was determined by high-performance tandem mass spectrometry (employing multichannel array detection) and Edman degradation. Shark liver FABP consists of 132 amino acids with an acetylated N-terminal valine. The chemical molecular mass of the intact protein determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (Mr = 15124 +/- 2.5) was in good agreement with that calculated from the amino acid sequence (Mr = 15121.3). The amino acid sequence of shark liver FABP displays significantly greater similarity to the FABP expressed in mammalian heart, peripheral nerve myelin and adipose tissue (61-53% sequence similarity) than to the FABP expressed in mammalian liver (22% similarity). Phylogenetic trees derived from the comparison of the shark liver FABP amino acid sequence with the members of the mammalian fatty-acid/retinoid-binding protein gene family indicate the initial divergence of an ancestral gene into two major subfamilies: one comprising the genes for mammalian liver FABP and gastrotropin, the other comprising the genes for mammalian cellular retinol-binding proteins I and II, cellular retinoic-acid-binding protein myelin P2 protein, adipocyte FABP, heart FABP and shark liver FABP, the latter having diverged from the ancestral gene that ultimately gave rise to the present day mammalian heart-FABP, adipocyte FABP and myelin P2 protein sequences. The sequence for intestinal FABP from the rat could be assigned to either subfamily, depending on the approach used for phylogenetic tree construction, but clearly diverged at a relatively early evolutionary time point. Indeed, sequences proximately ancestral or closely related to mammalian intestinal FABP, liver FABP, gastrotropin and the retinoid-binding group of proteins appear to have arisen prior to the divergence of shark liver FABP and should therefore also be present in elasmobranchs

La obesidad como problema de salud en la comunidad

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Waldo Orlando García Ferrera

1996-08-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en la población adulta del consultorio 38 del Policlínico - Hospital "Santos Suárez" en el año 1995 con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de obesidad y las enfermedades que se asociaron a este grupo. De los 332 pacientes mayores de 15 años de edad se detectaron 60 obesos (18 % a los cuales se les realizaron diferentes exámenes como: ultrasonido abdominal, electrocardiograma, prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa oral, colesterol total y triglicéridos séricos. Además se obtuvieron datos de las historias clínicas familiares. De esta forma se diagnosticaron las principales entidades asociadas con la obesidad.Se estableció la relación entre la obesidad y el sedentarismo. Se exponen los resultados y se comparan con los reportados en la literatura nacional y extranjera. Se aprecia la eficacia de la labor del médico de la familia en acciones de salud de la comunidad y en particular para la obesidad, y se resalta la importancia de pesquisar en este grupo de pacientes las principales afecciones asociadas.

Situación epidemiológica de la obesidad en Argentina

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Mariana Galante

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La obesidad puede entenderse como el resultado de personas respondiendo normalmente al contexto obesogénico en el que se encuentran inmersas. Objetivo: describir la situación epidemiológica de la obesidad y sobrepeso en adultos y adolescentes en Argentina. Métodos: Se estimó la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso y factores asociados en adultos y estudiantes de 13 a 15 años a partir de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles (ENFR y de la Encuesta Mundial de Salud Escolar. Resultados: En 2013, la prevalencia de sobrepeso (37,1% y obesidad (20,8% fue mayor a la observada en ediciones previas de la ENFR. Ambos indicadores fueron más frecuentes entre varones y en personas de mayor edad. El nivel educativo y de ingresos se asoció en forma independiente con una mayor prevalencia de obesidad en mujeres. En adolescentes, en el año 2012, la prevalencia de sobrepeso fue de 22,8% y la de obesidad de 5,9%. Esta última fue mayor en estudiantes con madres con primario incompleto (8,9% vs. 4,6% en hijos de madres con secundario completo, p=0,002. Conclusiones: Acciones multisectoriales de gran escala son necesarias para frenar la tendencia en aumento de la epidemia de obesidad. Aunque la evidencia es aún escasa, varias estrategias poblacionales han sido propuestas: campañas de comunicación y educación, regulación del precio de alimentos mediante subsidios o impuestos, etiquetado y advertencias sanitarias, regulación de la publicidad dirigida a niños y adolescentes, mejoras en el entorno alimentario escolar y laboral, reformulación de productos ultraprocesados, entre otros.

FABP9 Mutations Are Not Detected in Cases of Infertility due to Sperm Morphological Defects in Iranian Men

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Javad Jamshidi

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs are members of the intracellular lipid binding protein (iLBPs family and most of them show tissue specific expression. FABP9/PERF15 (Perforatorial15 is the male germ cell-specific fatty acid-binding protein. It was first identified as the major constituent of the murine sperm perforatorium and perinuclear theca. To date, investigations in mice have demonstrated that this protein has a role in the male reproductive system, especially in spermatogenesis. Also, it has been reported that FABP9 can protect sperm fatty acids from oxidative damage. Recently it was shown that it can affect sperm morphology in mice. Based on these findings, we designed a study to evaluate if mutations of this gene can affect sperm morphology in humans. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 100 infertile males with normal sperm count but with a number of morphologically abnormal sperms in their semen that was above normal. Four exons and one intron of the FABP9 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR, re-sequenced and then analyzed for mutation detection. Results: We did not detect any mutation in any area of the four exons, intron 3 and splice sites of FABP9 gene in any of the studied 100 samples. Conclusion: There was no mutation in the exonic regions and the poor sperm morphology. However, we didn’t analyze the promoter, intron 1 and 2 to establish conclusions regarding the association of these genic regions and sperm dysmorphology.

Heart-type fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP3 is a lysophosphatidic acid-binding protein in human coronary artery endothelial cells

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Ryoko Tsukahara

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Fatty-acid-binding protein 3, muscle and heart (FABP3, also known as heart-type FABP, is a member of the family of intracellular lipid-binding proteins. It is a small cytoplasmic protein with a molecular mass of about 15 kDa. FABPs are known to be carrier proteins for transporting fatty acids and other lipophilic substances from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where these lipids are released to a group of nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs. In this study, using lysophosphatidic acid (LPA-coated agarose beads, we have identified FABP3 as an LPA carrier protein in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs. Administration of LPA to HCAECs resulted in a dose-dependent increase in PPARγ activation. Furthermore, the LPA-induced PPARγ activation was abolished when the FABP3 expression was reduced using small interfering RNA (siRNA. We further show that the nuclear fraction of control HCAECs contained a significant amount of exogenously added LPA, whereas FABP3 siRNA-transfected HCAECs had a decreased level of LPA in the nucleus. Taken together, these results suggest that FABP3 governs the transcriptional activities of LPA by targeting them to cognate PPARγ in the nucleus.

Obesidad y enfermedad renal: consecuencias ocultas de la epidemia

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Csaba P. Kovesdy

2017-07-01

Full Text Available La obesidad se ha convertido en una epidemia mundial, y se ha proyectado que su prevalencia se incrementrá en un 40% en la próxima década. Esta creciente prevalencia supone implicaciones tanto para el riesgo de desarrollo de diabetes y enfermedades cardiovasculares como para el desarrollo de enfermedad renal crónica. Un elevado índice de masa corporal es uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes para el desarrollo de enfermedad renal crónica. En individuos afectados por la obesidad, tiene lugar una hiperfiltración compensatoria necesaria para alcanzar la alta demanda metabólica secundaria al aumento del peso corporal. El incremeno de la presión intraglomerular puede generar daño renal y elevar el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad renal crónica a largo plazo. La incidencia de glomerulopatía asociada a obesidad se ha incrementado 10 veces en los últimos años. Así mismo se ha demostrado que la obesidad es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de nefrolitiasis y un número de neoplasias, incluyendo cáncer renal. Este año, el Día Mundial del Riñón promueve la educación acerca de las consecuencias nocivas de la obesidad y su asociación con la enfermedad renal, abogando por un estilo de vida saludable y la implementación de políticas publicas de salud que promuevan medidas preventivas alcanzables.

Obesidad y trastornos de alimentación

OpenAIRE

U. Isabel Errandonea, Dra. M.

2012-01-01

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica con múltiples causas. Su etiopatogenia es un desequilibrio entre la ingesta y el gasto energético. Factores sociales, psiquiátricos y psicológicos influyen en un patrón de ingesta alterado, uno de ellos son los trastornos de alimentación. Los trastornos de alimentación más frecuentemente asociados a la obesidad son los no especificados, el trastorno por atracones, el síndrome del comedor nocturno y la bulimia nerviosa. El objetivo de este artículo es revi...

Lactancia materna, desarrollo motor y obesidad, ¿Existe asociación causal?

OpenAIRE

Weisstaub N, Gerardo; Schonhaut B, Luisa; Salazar R, Gabriela

2017-01-01

La obesidad infantil es el principal problema de salud pública en Chile, siendo sus principales causas el aumento de comida rica en energía y el sedentarismo. Las intervenciones basadas en prevenir la obesidad se han enfocado principalmente en mejorar la ingesta, tanto en calidad como en cantidad, sin tomar en consideración la actividad física, que en el menor de 2 años, se expresa como desarrollo motor grueso. Algunos estudios han demostrado la asociación entre desarrollo motor temprano, act...

Sobrepeso e obesidade e fatores associados ao climatério

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Jaqueline Teixeira Teles Gonçalves

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a associação entre sobrepeso e obesidade e fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e clínicos em mulheres climatéricas. Estudo transversal, com amostra de 253 mulheres climatéricas, que responderam questões sobre fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos, saúde geral, hábitos alimentares e comportamentais. Para a avaliação do estado nutricional, foi utilizado índice de massa corpórea (IMC. Para avaliação da qualidade de vida foi utilizado a Menopause Rating Scale (MRS. Empregou-se o Quociente Sexual (QS-F-Versão Feminina para a avaliação do desempenho sexual. Utilizou-se análise bivariada e regressão múltipla hierarquizada para identificar fatores associados ao sobrepeso e à obesidade no climatério. Pela análise do IMC, 30,8% apresentaram sobrepeso e 35,2%, obesidade, totalizando 66% de excesso de peso. Na análise múltipla, não possuir casa própria, gravidade de sintomas pela avaliação do MRS, uso de medicamento de forma contínua e ter feito algum tipo de dieta apresentaram associação com sobrepeso e obesidade. Intervenção nutricional, visando ao controle de peso e mudanças de hábitos de vida, poderá resultar em benefícios consideráveis relativos à saúde e qualidade de vida das mulheres climatéricas.

Obesidade induzida por consumo de dieta: modelo em roedores para o estudo dos distúrbios relacionados com a obesidade Diet-induced obesity: rodent model for the study of obesity-related disorders

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Tiago Campos Rosini

2012-06-01

Full Text Available A obesidade vem aumentando significativamente em todo o mundo, e os fatores ambientais, como o consumo excessivo de alimentos e o sedentarismo, são os principais fatores relacionados com a gênese dessa doença. Em animais de laboratório, a gênese da obesidade está relacionada, em sua maioria, com mutações genéticas, porém esse modelo é muito distante do encontrado nos humanos. A adoção de dietas hipercalóricas ou hiperlipídicas vem sendo utilizada como modelo de indução da obesidade em animais, devido à sua semelhança com a gênese e às respostas metabólicas decorrentes da obesidade em humanos. Assim, o objetivo dessa revisão de literatura é apresentar os diferentes tipos de dietas utilizadas para a indução da obesidade em roedores, as modificações metabólicas induzidas e identificar alguns cuidados que devem ser tomados para que esse modelo seja eficaz para o estudo das complicações relacionadas com a obesidade. Realizou-se busca na base de dados PubMed utilizando as expressões: 1-"hipercaloric diet" AND "rodent", 2- "hiperlipidic diet" AND "rodent", sendo selecionadas aquelas consideradas mais relevantes a partir dos critérios: data de publicação (1995-2011, a utilização de animais wild type, a descrição detalhada sobre a dieta utilizada e a análise de parâmetros bioquímicos e vasculares de interesse. Foram inseridas referências para introduzir assuntos como o aumento da prevalência da obesidade e questões relacionadas com a gênese da obesidade em humanos. Podemos considerar eficiente o modelo de obesidade induzida por dieta em roedores quando o objetivo é o estudo da fisiopatologia das complicações metabólicas e vasculares associadas à obesidade.Obesity has been significantly increasing worldwide, and environmental factors such as excessive food intake and sedentary lifestyle are the main factors related to the genesis of this disease. In laboratory animals, the genesis of obesity is related

Sequence-specific {sup 1}H, {sup 13}C, and {sup 15}N resonance assignments for intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein complexed with palmitate (15.4 kDA)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hodsdon, M.E.; Toner, J.J.; Cistola, D.P. [Washington Univ. School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (United States)

1994-12-01

Intestinal fatty-acid-binding protein (I-FABP) belongs to a family of soluble, cytoplasmic proteins that are thought to function in the intracellular transport and trafficking of polar lipids. Individual members of this protein family have distinct specificities and affinities for fatty acids, cholesterol, bile salts, and retinoids. We are comparing several retinol- and fatty-acid-binding proteins from intestine in order to define the factors that control molecular recognition in this family of proteins. We have established sequential resonance assignments for uniformly {sup 13}C/{sup 15}N-enriched I-FABP complexed with perdeuterated palmitate at pH7.2 and 37{degrees}C. The assignment strategy was similar to that introduced for calmodulin. We employed seven three-dimensional NMR experiments to establish scalar couplings between backbone and sidechain atoms. Backbone atoms were correlated using triple-resonance HNCO, HNCA, TOCSY-HMQC, HCACO, and HCA(CO)N experiments. Sidechain atoms were correlated using CC-TOCSY, HCCH-TOCSY, and TOCSY-HMQC. The correlations of peaks between three-dimensional spectra were established in a computer-assisted manner using NMR COMPASS (Molecular Simulations, Inc.) Using this approach, {sup 1}H, {sup 13}C, and {sup 15}N resonance assignments have been established for 120 of the 131 residues of I-FABP. For 18 residues, amide {sup 1}H and {sup 15}N resonances were unobservable, apparently because of the rapid exchange of amide protons with bulk water at pH 7.2. The missing amide protons correspond to distinct amino acid patterns in the protein sequence, which will be discussed. During the assignment process, several sources of ambiguity in spin correlations were observed. To overcome this ambiguity, the additional inter-residue correlations often observed in the HNCA experiment were used as cross-checks for the sequential backbone assignments.

Comportamiento alimentario y obesidad infantil en Sonora, México

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Juana María Hernández

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar los factores sociales asociados con la obesidad y con los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo en un grupo de niños y niñas de 7 a 12 años de edad, en Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Los resultados muestran que el 40% de la población estudiada presentó sobrepeso y obesidad; el 39 % tuvo predisposición a prácticas alimentarias de riesgo y el 30% ya presentaba dichos rasgos. Se encontró que el miedo a la obesidad y la obsesión por la delgadez, la ansiedad por los alimentos consumidos, las prácticas alimentarias restrictivas, así como la presión social sobre la imagen corporal, fueron los principales factores asociados con los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo en la niñez.

Comportamiento alimentario y obesidad infantil en Sonora, México

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Juana María Meléndez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar los factores sociales asociados con la obesidad y con los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo en un grupo de niños y niñas de 7 a 12 años de edad, en Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Los resultados muestran que el 40% de la población estudiada presentó sobrepeso y obesidad; el 39 % tuvo predisposición a prácticas alimentarias de riesgo y el 30% ya presentaba dichos rasgos. Se encontró que el miedo a la obesidad y la obsesión por la delgadez, la ansiedad por los alimentos consumidos, las prácticas alimentarias restrictivas, así como la presión social sobre la imagen corporal, fueron los principales factores asociados con los comportamientos alimentarios de riesgo en la niñez.

Obesidad y trastornos de alimentación

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U. Isabel Errandonea, Dra. M.

2012-03-01

Full Text Available La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica con múltiples causas. Su etiopatogenia es un desequilibrio entre la ingesta y el gasto energético. Factores sociales, psiquiátricos y psicológicos influyen en un patrón de ingesta alterado, uno de ellos son los trastornos de alimentación. Los trastornos de alimentación más frecuentemente asociados a la obesidad son los no especificados, el trastorno por atracones, el síndrome del comedor nocturno y la bulimia nerviosa. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar su presentación clínica, evolución y tratamiento.

Aspectos psiquiátricos da obesidade

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Dobrow Ilyse J

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Pesquisas recentes mostram que a obesidade é, em grande parte, o produto da vulnerabilidade genética mediada por um ambiente promotor da doença, o que sugere que os modelos biológicos podem ser mais úteis que os psicológicos para entender seu início e manutenção. No entanto, entre os pacientes que procuram tratamento, a obesidade tem sido associada a outros transtornos psiquiátricos, especialmente à depressão, o que sugere que a comorbidade psiquiátrica deve ser considerada na avaliação e no manejo clínicos. Além disso, embora a obesidade não seja em si mesma um transtorno alimentar, um subgrupo de indivíduos obesos, incluídos aqueles com o transtorno de compulsão alimentar periódica (TCAP e com a síndrome do comer noturno - SCN (night eating syndrome - NES sofrem de transtornos alimentares. Os psiquiatras podem e devem ter um papel ativo no tratamento da comorbidade ou de patologias relacionadas à alimentação e no auxílio aos pacientes obesos para que façam escolhas de estilos de vida saudáveis que levem a um maior bem-estar em termos físicos e psicológicos.

FACTORES ASOCIADOS AL SOBREPESO Y LA OBESIDAD EN ESCOLARES DE 8 A 9 AÑOS DE BARCELONA

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Francesca Sánchez-Martínez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamentos: El sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil han aumentado progresivamente en las últimas décadas, especialmente en países del sur de Europa. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y sus determinantes en escolares de 8-9 años de Barcelona. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo de una muestra representativa de 3.262 escolares en 2011. Se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC siguiendo los criterios establecidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (z-scores. Se estudiaron variables sobre conducta alimentaria, actividad física y uso de nuevas tecnologías mediante 2 cuestionarios. Se ajustaron modelos de regresión logística, obteniendo odds ratio ajustadas e intervalos de confianza (95%. Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue del 24,0% y de obesidad del 12,7%. La obesidad fue significativamente mayor en niños que en niñas (14,8% vs. 10,8%. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas según IMC en el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de práctica de actividad física ni uso de nuevas tecnologías. Los factores asociados a la obesidad en niños fueron asistir a escuela situada en barrios de nivel socioeconómico desfavorable [ORa=1,88 (1,35-2,63], pertenecer a familia inmigrante [ORa=1,57 (1,12- 2,20], no comer en el colegio [ORa=1,76 (1,20-2,59] y hacer alguna comida solo [ORa=1,95 (1,27-3,00]. En niñas fueron pertenecer a familia monoparental [ORa=1,58 (1,06-2,34] y familia inmigrante [ORa=1,53 (1,07-2,18]. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de obesidad infantil en Barcelona es alta. Es más frecuente en niños, siendo los determinantes sociales los factores asociados de mayor relevancia.

Obesidad infantil: un nuevo enfoque para su estudio

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Fabian Leonardo Muñoz Muñoz

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La Organización Mundial de la Salud ( OMS ha catalogado la obesidad infantil como la mayor crisis de la salud pública en el mundo. En su informe de 2014 indica que se registraron cuarenta y dos millones de niños menores de 5 años con sobrepeso; de ellos, treinta y cinco millones viven en países en desarrollo. La obesidad infantil es una enfermedad que tiene como origen una cadena causal compleja, de etiología multifactorial, en la que interactúan factores individuales y contextuales; en ellos el niño se encuentra inmerso, y ejercen influencia sobre su comportamiento, en diversos entornos y en diferentes niveles de jerarquía. Esta revisión presenta una descripción de algunos estudios y esfuerzos realizados para carac - terizar, prevenir y controlar la epidemia de obesidad en esta etapa del ciclo vital. Se propone, así mismo, un abordaje para el estudio de la obesidad, denominado ‘Enfoque de sistemas complejos’, el cual permite analizar cómo los factores individuales y contextuales se relacionan, y cómo esa interacción genera nuevas propiedades que no pueden explicarse a partir de los procedimientos habituales de análisis epidemiológico; para ello será necesario el trabajo en equipo, con enfoque multidisciplinario, que incluya médicos, pediatras, nutricionistas, epidemiólogos, salubristas, estadísticos, ingenieros, entre otros profesionales, que aporten sus conocimientos y habilidades, que permitan entender la obesidad como un fenómeno dinámi - co que requiere ser abordado con un enfoque integral e integrador, que trascienda la mirada reduccionista de los factores de riesgo del proceso salud – enfermedad. Solo entonces se podrá mejorar la capacidad para comprender la salud desde una perspectiva clásica hasta un sistema verdaderamente dinámico.

Obesidade infantil : o papel dos cuidados de saúde primários

OpenAIRE

Silva, Maria Alexandra Fonseca Dias da

2014-01-01

Introdução. A obesidade tem-se tornado uma epidemia mundial, tendo aumentado dramaticamente nas duas décadas passadas. Em Portugal, a frequência de excesso de peso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes pode estar acima dos 30%. É uma doença multifatorial, que se tem agravado pelas mudanças nos hábitos de vida, principalmente com o aparecimento da fast-food e aumento do sedentarismo. Com a obesidade a iniciar-se em idades mais jovens, o número de comorbilidades será cada vez maior, principalm...

Impacto de la obesidad en la salud reproductiva de la mujer adulta

OpenAIRE

Manrique, Helard

2017-01-01

La obesidad es una epidemia multifactorial que involucra factores genéticos, ambientales y sociales. Revisaremos el efecto de la obesidad en la reproducción femenina. El tejido adiposo está involucrado en la producción de diversas hormonas relacionadas al metabolismo, la homeostasis del individuo y a su vez también en la reproducción, tanto en la mujer como en el varón. Revisaremos los diversos cambios que producen el sobrepeso y la obesidad de la mujer y las alteraciones hormonales que influ...

Obesidad: fisiología, etiopatogenia y fisiopatología

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Lidia Esther Rodríguez Scull

2003-08-01

Full Text Available La obesidad se ha convertido en un serio problema de salud a nivel mundial, por su estrecha vinculación con las principales causas de morbimortalidad. La relación obesidad-resistencia insulínica-diabetes mellitus-hipertensión arterial adquiere cada día mayor importancia, por el papel cada vez más relevante de la obesidad en el desarrollo de cada una de ellas. Los conocimientos sobre la fisiología del mantenimiento del peso corporal, a partir de la ruptura de los mecanismos fisiológicos que dan origen a la obesidad, el descubrimiento y la caracterización de la leptina y sus mediadores, así como los factores ambientales perpetuadores de un fenómeno que tiene causas genéticas, pero que a la vez tiene condicionadores ambientales socioculturales, dan origen a este trabajo con el que nos proponemos profundizar en el tema de la obesidad como un fenómeno multifactorial con graves consecuencias clínicas.Obesity has turned into a serious health problem worldwide because of its close link to the main causes of mortality and morbidity. The obesity-insulin resistance-diabetes mellitus-blood hypertension relationship has a greater importance today due to the ever increasingly relevant role of obesity in the onset of each of these entities. Knowledge about the physiology of body weight maintenance, on the basis of rupture of physiological mechanisms giving rise to obesity, the discovery and characterization of leptin and its mediators as well as the environmental factors that perpetuate a phenomenon which has genetic causes and are at the same time sociocultural environmental conditioners constitute the main elements of this paper aimed at delving into the topic of obesity as a multi-factor phenomenon with serious clinical consequences.

Molecular cloning and expression of a novel keratinocyte protein (psoriasis-associated fatty acid-binding protein [PA-FABP]) that is highly up-regulated in psoriatic skin and that shares similarity to fatty acid-binding proteins

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Madsen, Peder; Rasmussen, H H; Leffers, H

1992-01-01

termed PA-FABP (psoriasis-associated fatty acid-binding protein). The deduced sequence predicted a protein with molecular weight of 15,164 daltons and a calculated pI of 6.96, values that are close to those recorded in the keratinocyte 2D gel protein database. The protein comigrated with PA-FABP...... as determined by 2D gel analysis of [35S]-methionine-labeled proteins expressed by transformed human amnion (AMA) cells transfected with clone 1592 using the vaccinia virus expression system and reacted with a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against 2D gel purified PA-FABP. Structural analysis of the amino...... acid sequence revealed 48%, 52%, and 56% identity to known low-molecular-weight fatty acid-binding proteins belonging to the FABP family. Northern blot analysis showed that PA-FABP mRNA is indeed highly up-regulated in psoriatic keratinocytes. The transcript is present in human cell lines of epithelial...

Sobrepeso y obesidad en estudiantes de medicina. ¿Un nuevo reto al sistema de salud peruano?

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J. Smith Torres-Roman

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Señor editor: La obesidad representa un desafío para la salud pública en todo el mundo.1 Entre 1975 y 2014, la prevalencia global de obesidad en adultos aumentó de 3.2 a 10.8% en hombres, y de 6.5 a 14.9% en mujeres. De continuar esta tendencia, se pronostica que para 2025 la prevalencia alcanzará 18% en los hombres y superará 21% en mujeres a nivel mundial. Este panorama es preocupante puesto que la obesidad se ha visto asociada a diversas enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles que en conjunto ocasionan cerca de 38 millones de muertes cada año.

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes masculinos nas macrorregiões do Brasil, 1980-2000 Predominio del sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes masculinos de cinco regiones del Brasil, 1980-2000 Prevalence of overweight and obesity in male adolescents from five regions of Brazil, 1980-2000

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Vera Lucia de Vasconcelos

2006-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência e a tendência temporal do sobrepeso/obesidade em adolescentes brasileiros do sexo masculino. Métodos: Utilizou-se como fonte de informações o Banco de Dados do Exército Brasileiro. Esses dados foram coletados entre 1980 e 2000 e consta de 4.031.297 adolescentes entre 17 e 19 anos de idade. Foram realizados cinco cortes transversais, e quantificou-se a prevalência do sobrepeso/obesidade. Considerou-se sobrepeso o índice de massa corporal (IMC entre 25 e 29,9 Kg/m2, e obesidade, IMC > 30 Kg/m2(OMS26. Em todos os estados brasileiros, a prevalência de sobrepeso foi maior que a de obesidade, apesar de a velocidade de incremento ter sido mais alta para obesidade. Ao ser comparada a prevalência do início (1980 com a do final do estudo (2000, observou-se, no Brasil, uma razão de prevalência de 2,58 para sobrepeso e de 8,18 para obesidade. As prevalências de sobrepeso/obesidade mostraram curvas ascensionais com tendência temporal crescente. As informações obtidas neste estudo apontam a necessidade de ações concretas para a prevenção de doenças crônicas em adultos jovens brasileiros.El objetivo de este estudio fué determinar el predominio y la tendencia temporal de sobrepeso / obesidad en brasileños de adolescentes del sexo masculino. Métodos: Se utilizó como fuente de información el banco de datos del Ejército brasileño. Esos datos eran reunido entre 1980 a 2000, y consiste en 4.031.297 adolescentes entre 17 y 19 años de edad. Se realizaron cinco cortes transversales y se cuantificó la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad. Fué considerado sobrepeso el índice de masa corporal (IMC entre 25 y 29,9 Kg/m2, y la obesidad con el mismo índice IMC > 30 Kg/m2(OMS26. En todos los estados brasileños, el predominio de sobrepeso fué mayor que el de la obesidad, a pesar de la velocidad de incremento haber sido mayor para obesidad. La prevalência del principio ser comparado (1980

A radial glia gene marker, fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7, is involved in proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells.

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Antonella De Rosa

Full Text Available Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM is among the most deadly cancers. A number of studies suggest that a fraction of tumor cells with stem cell features (Glioma Stem-like Cells, GSC might be responsible for GBM recurrence and aggressiveness. GSC similarly to normal neural stem cells, can form neurospheres (NS in vitro, and seem to mirror the genetic features of the original tumor better than glioma cells growing adherently in the presence of serum. Using cDNA microarray analysis we identified a number of relevant genes for glioma biology that are differentially expressed in adherent cells and neurospheres derived from the same tumor. Fatty acid-binding protein 7 (FABP7 was identified as one of the most highly expressed genes in NS compared to their adherent counterpart. We found that down-regulation of FABP7 expression in NS by small interfering RNAs significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration. We also evaluated the potential involvement of FABP7 in response to radiotherapy, as this treatment may cause increased tumor infiltration. Migration of irradiated NS was associated to increased expression of FABP7. In agreement with this, in vivo reduced tumorigenicity of GBM cells with down-regulated expression of FABP7 was associated to decreased expression of the migration marker doublecortin. Notably, we observed that PPAR antagonists affect FABP7 expression and decrease the migration capability of NS after irradiation. As a whole, the data emphasize the role of FABP7 expression in GBM migration and provide translational hints on the timing of treatment with anti-FABP7 agents like PPAR antagonists during GBM evolution.

Aspectos psicológicos de la obesidad infantil

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Remesal Cobreros, Raquel

2002-01-01

Algunas de las referencias históricas más tempranas a la obesidad apuntan a una conexión entre peso y fertilidad, la Venus de Willendorf, por ejemplo, se pensaba que era el símbolo de la fertilidad o la caracterización de una madre venerada. Esta opinión puede reflejar la antigua creencia de que el bajo peso está asociado a la infertilidad. Este pun ... to de vista cambió más tarde, como se refleja en los Tratados Hipocráticos al asociar la obesidad con irregularidades menstruales y con infer...

Fabp4-Cre-mediated Sirt6 deletion impairs adipose tissue function and metabolic homeostasis in mice.

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Xiong, Xiwen; Zhang, Cuicui; Zhang, Yang; Fan, Rui; Qian, Xinlai; Dong, X Charlie

2017-06-01

SIRT6 is a member of sirtuin family of deacetylases involved in diverse processes including genome stability, metabolic homeostasis and anti-inflammation. However, its function in the adipose tissue is not well understood. To examine the metabolic function of SIRT6 in the adipose tissue, we generated two mouse models that are deficient in Sirt6 using the Cre-lox approach. Two commonly used Cre lines that are driven by either the mouse Fabp4 or Adipoq gene promoter were chosen for this study. The Sirt6- knockout mice generated by the Fabp4-Cre line ( Sirt6 f/f : Fabp4-Cre) had a significant increase in both body weight and fat mass and exhibited glucose intolerance and insulin resistance as compared with the control wild-type mice. At the molecular levels, the Sirt6 f/f :Fabp4-Cre-knockout mice had increased expression of inflammatory genes including F4/80, TNFα, IL-6 and MCP-1 in both white and brown adipose tissues. Moreover, the knockout mice showed decreased expression of the adiponectin gene in the white adipose tissue and UCP1 in the brown adipose tissue, respectively. In contrast, the Sirt6 knockout mice generated by the Adipoq-Cre line ( Sirt6 f/f :Adipoq-Cre) only had modest insulin resistance. In conclusion, our data suggest that the function of SIRT6 in the Fabp4-Cre-expressing cells in addition to mature adipocytes plays a critical role in body weight maintenance and metabolic homeostasis. © 2017 Society for Endocrinology.

A Critical Role of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 and 5 (FABP4/5) in the Systemic Response to Fasting

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Syamsunarno, Mas Rizky A. A.; Iso, Tatsuya; Hanaoka, Hirofumi; Yamaguchi, Aiko; Obokata, Masaru; Koitabashi, Norimichi; Goto, Kosaku; Hishiki, Takako; Nagahata, Yoshiko; Matsui, Hiroki; Sano, Motoaki; Kobayashi, Masaki; Kikuchi, Osamu; Sasaki, Tsutomu; Maeda, Kazuhisa; Murakami, Masami; Kitamura, Tadahiro; Suematsu, Makoto; YoshitoTsushima; Endo, Keigo; Hotamisligil, Gökhan S.; Kurabayashi, Masahiko

2013-01-01

During prolonged fasting, fatty acid (FA) released from adipose tissue is a major energy source for peripheral tissues, including the heart, skeletal muscle and liver. We recently showed that FA binding protein 4 (FABP4) and FABP5, which are abundantly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages, are prominently expressed in capillary endothelial cells in the heart and skeletal muscle. In addition, mice deficient for both FABP4 and FABP5 (FABP4/5 DKO mice) exhibited defective uptake of FA with compensatory up-regulation of glucose consumption in these tissues during fasting. Here we showed that deletion of FABP4/5 resulted in a marked perturbation of metabolism in response to prolonged fasting, including hyperketotic hypoglycemia and hepatic steatosis. Blood glucose levels were reduced, whereas the levels of non-esterified FA (NEFA) and ketone bodies were markedly increased during fasting. In addition, the uptake of the 125I-BMIPP FA analogue in the DKO livers was markedly increased after fasting. Consistent with an increased influx of NEFA into the liver, DKO mice showed marked hepatic steatosis after a 48-hr fast. Although gluconeogenesis was observed shortly after fasting, the substrates for gluconeogenesis were reduced during prolonged fasting, resulting in insufficient gluconeogenesis and enhanced hypoglycemia. These metabolic responses to prolonged fasting in DKO mice were readily reversed by re-feeding. Taken together, these data strongly suggested that a maladaptive response to fasting in DKO mice occurred as a result of an increased influx of NEFA into the liver and pronounced hypoglycemia. Together with our previous study, the metabolic consequence found in the present study is likely to be attributed to an impairment of FA uptake in the heart and skeletal muscle. Thus, our data provided evidence that peripheral uptake of FA via capillary endothelial FABP4/5 is crucial for systemic metabolism and may establish FABP4/5 as potentially novel targets for the

Obesidad, diabetes y trasplante

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Anna Bach Pascual

Full Text Available El trasplante renal es la mejor opción terapéutica en términos de supervivencia y calidad de vida para los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica. Los pacientes trasplantados son cada vez más mayores y con más pluripatologia asociada. Los avances en inmunosupresión y en el tratamiento han hecho que los pacientes trasplantados fallezcan con el injerto renal funcionante. Existe un incremento de peso del 10% durante el primer año del trasplante, la obesidad se relaciona con la aparición de diabetes mellitus postrasplante. Con el objetivo de analizar la incidencia de obesidad y los factores de riesgo relacionados, en una cohorte de pacientes trasplantados renales realizamos un estudio observacional y prospectivo de estos pacientes, desde enero del 2014 hasta marzo del 2015, con seguimiento de 1 año. Obteniendo como resultado, que los grupos son homogéneos en sexo, tiempo en terapia renal sustitutiva pero distintos en edad. A partir de los 3 meses los pacientes con índice de masa corporal mayor a 25 presentaron mayor incidencia de diabetes mellitus post trasplante respecto al grupo de pacientes con índice de masa corporal inferior a 25.

La obesidad en las personas mayores, un problema de salud pública

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Abellán García, Antonio

2016-01-01

La obesidad es un serio problema de salud pública. Se suele medir utilizando el Índice de Masa Corporal. En España, un 23,6% de las personas mayores (65 y más años) tiene obesidad, y otro 45,0% sobrepeso, según la última Encuesta Europea de Salud (2014). Sólo un 30,0% está en un peso normal. En el resto de adultos también se observa esta circunstancia. Es decir, en España existe un problema de sobrepeso y obesidad, especialmente entre los mayores y estas cifras son peores que la media de la ...

Differential transcriptional modulation of duplicated fatty acid-binding protein genes by dietary fatty acids in zebrafish (Danio rerio: evidence for subfunctionalization or neofunctionalization of duplicated genes

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Denovan-Wright Eileen M

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In the Duplication-Degeneration-Complementation (DDC model, subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization have been proposed as important processes driving the retention of duplicated genes in the genome. These processes are thought to occur by gain or loss of regulatory elements in the promoters of duplicated genes. We tested the DDC model by determining the transcriptional induction of fatty acid-binding proteins (Fabps genes by dietary fatty acids (FAs in zebrafish. We chose zebrafish for this study for two reasons: extensive bioinformatics resources are available for zebrafish at zfin.org and zebrafish contains many duplicated genes owing to a whole genome duplication event that occurred early in the ray-finned fish lineage approximately 230-400 million years ago. Adult zebrafish were fed diets containing either fish oil (12% lipid, rich in highly unsaturated fatty acid, sunflower oil (12% lipid, rich in linoleic acid, linseed oil (12% lipid, rich in linolenic acid, or low fat (4% lipid, low fat diet for 10 weeks. FA profiles and the steady-state levels of fabp mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA in intestine, liver, muscle and brain of zebrafish were determined. Result FA profiles assayed by gas chromatography differed in the intestine, brain, muscle and liver depending on diet. The steady-state level of mRNA for three sets of duplicated genes, fabp1a/fabp1b.1/fabp1b.2, fabp7a/fabp7b, and fabp11a/fabp11b, was determined by reverse transcription, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR. In brain, the steady-state level of fabp7b mRNAs was induced in fish fed the linoleic acid-rich diet; in intestine, the transcript level of fabp1b.1 and fabp7b were elevated in fish fed the linolenic acid-rich diet; in liver, the level of fabp7a mRNAs was elevated in fish fed the low fat diet; and in muscle, the level of fabp7a and fabp11a mRNAs were elevated in fish fed the linolenic acid-rich or the low fat diets. In all cases

Influencia de enfermería en la educación para modificar estilos de vida en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad

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Martínez García, María Magdalena

2016-01-01

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica, compleja y multifactorial que suele iniciarse en la infancia y la adolescencia. La prevalencia de la obesidad está aumentando tanto en países en vías de desarrollado como en países desarrollados. Según la OMS, la obesidad está declarada como una epidemia global que incluye tanto a los niños como a la población adulta. La obesidad supone un mayor riesgo para enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes tipo 2, la enfermedad cardiovascular, hipertensión, acciden...

Total body fat, abdominal fat, body fat distribution and surrogate markers for health related to adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) in children.

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Dencker, Magnus; Danielson, Anton; Karlsson, Magnus K; Wollmer, Per; Andersen, Lars B; Thorsson, Ola

2017-04-01

The aim of the study was to assess possible relationships between adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4) and total body fat (TBF), abdominal fat, body fat distribution, aerobic fitness, blood pressure, cardiac dimensions and the increase in body fat over 2 years in a community sample of children. A cross-sectional study was used in a community sample of 170 (92 boys and 78 girls) children aged 8-11 years. TBF and abdominal fat (AFM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). TBF was also expressed as percentage of total body mass (BF%), and body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test and scaled to body mass. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were measured. Echocardiography was performed. Left atrial (LA) size was measured, and left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated. A follow-up DXA scan was available in 152 children (84 boys and 68 girls). Frozen serum samples were analyzed for FABP4. Partial correlations, with adjustment for sex, between FABP4 vs. ln TBF, ln BF%, ln AFM, AFM/TBF and VO2PEAK were (r=0.69, 0.68, 0.69, 0.49 and -0.39, pfat or change in fat distribution were not correlated.) Conclusions: Findings from this community-based cohort of young children show that increased body fat and abdominal fat, more abdominal body fat distribution, low fitness, more LVM and increased LA, increased SBP and PP were all associated with increased levels of FABP4. Increase in TBF and abdominal fat over 2 years were also associated with increased levels of FABP4.

Obesidade da genética ao ambiente

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Odete Amaral

2016-02-01

Full Text Available A obesidade é reconhecida pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS como um importante problema de saúde pública, afectando crianças, adolescentes e adultos (WHO, 1998. Os dados do International Obesity Task Force (2000 mostraram que, nos últimos anos, a prevalência de obesidade tem aumentado significativamente em várias regiões do mundo, sendo responsável, em grande parte, pelo aumento da mortalidade e morbilidade com implicações significativas no indivíduo, na família e na comunidade (Dietz et al, 1999; Cole et al, 2000. O impacto no indivíduo pode ser quantificado pela influência na qualidade de vida, no recurso aos serviços de saúde, no absentismo escolar, na limitação nas actividades de vida diária, nomeadamente na prática de desporto e alterações nas relações interpessoais, marginalização, depressão e isolamento. Ao nível da família, as repercussões podem traduzir-se no absentismo profissional, nas alterações dos estilos de vida e na necessidade de acompanhamento dos familiares.  O aumento da prevalência de obesidade e consequente aumento do risco de desenvolvimento de doenças crónicas na idade adulta, que lhe está associado, deve ser rigorosamente monitorizado (Cole et al, 2000; WHO, 1995. Essa monitorização DEVE permitir avaliar a evolução do problema, proceder a comparações entre várias regiões e ou países e determinar a eficácia das intervenções introduzidas para minimizar o problema. Para que tal aconteça, torna-se necessário uniformizar os conceitos de excesso de peso e obesidade para que possam ser amplamente utilizados.

Aspectos nutricionais e ambientais da obesidade canina

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Karina Preising Aptekmann

2014-11-01

Full Text Available A obesidade é a doença nutricional mais frequente em cães, leva a uma série de alterações nas funções corporais e limita a longevidade dos animais. Vários fatores contribuem para o desenvolvimento da obesidade em cães, como genética, raça, idade, falta de atividade física, composição calórica dos alimentos, tipo e a forma de alimentação, distúrbios hormonais, medicamentos e fatores relacionados com os proprietários. Devido à falta de estudos sobre os aspectos nutricionais e ambientais envolvidos no desenvolvimento da obesidade canina, o presente trabalho objetivou obter estas informações por meio de enquetes a proprietários. Foram realizadas 254 entrevistas com proprietários de cães com sobrepeso ou obesos, atendidos em Hospitais Veterinários Universitários. Selecionaram-se cães com escore de condição corporal (ECC de 6 a 9, de acordo com escala descrita por LAFLAMME (1997. A maioria dos cães acometidos eram fêmeas adultas castradas, sem raça definida (33% ou Poodles (17%. De acordo com 36% dos respondentes, o excesso de alimento era a possível razão do ganho de peso dos animais. Apenas 52% dos proprietários tentaram realizar controle de peso do seu animal, principalmente reduzindo a quantidade de alimento. Não houve correlação entre a condição corporal do proprietário, nível de escolaridade, renda familiar e ambiente domiciliar dos proprietários com o ECC dos animais. As informações obtidas podem auxiliar na identificação dos fatores nutricionais e ambientais envolvidos no desenvolvimento da obesidade em cães, podendo adotar medidas preventivas e desenvolver melhores estratégias para o tratamento

OBESIDAD Y RIESGO CARDIOMETABÓLICO. REVISIÓN.

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Nafxiel Jesús Brito-Núñez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por aumento del tejido adiposo, causado por el desbalance entre la energía ingerida en los alimentos y la energía eliminada, lo que conlleva a un alto grado de inflamación y oxidación. Ésta se determina por la medición del índice de masa corporal que debe ser ≥30 Kg/m2, otra forma de diagnosticarla es a través de la medición de la circunferencia abdominal que para Latinoamérica se ha propuesto que sea de 90 cm en mujeres y 94 cm en hombres y el índice cintura-cadera, que pueden predecir en riesgo de mortalidad mejor que el índice de masa corporal particularmente en los ancianos. La obesidad es el factor de riesgo cardiovascular más prevalente en personas con enfermedad arterial coronaria establecida y está involucrada en la génesis de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Dentro de ellos tenemos: La predisposición genética, sedentarismo, malos hábitos alimenticios, inflamación de bajo grado, disfunción endotelial, dislipidemia, aterosclerosis, hipertensión arterial, disminución de adiponectina, aumento de los niveles de leptina y resistencia a la insulina que conllevan a la aparición de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, síndrome metabólico, y, las complicaciones cardiovasculares derivadas de estos.

A-FABP Concentration Is More Strongly Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and the Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome in Premenopausal Than in Postmenopausal Middle-Aged Women

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Anna Stefanska

2014-01-01

Full Text Available We aimed at the evaluation of the relationship between adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP and cardiometabolic risk factors in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Additionally, we compared A-FABP with adipokines related to metabolic syndrome (MetS such as leptin and adiponectin. 94 premenopausal and 90 early postmenopausal middle-aged Caucasian women were subject to examinations. Postmenopausal women had higher A-FABP than premenopausal; this difference became insignificant after controlling for age. We found significantly higher correlation coefficients between A-FABP and TC/HDL-C ratio and number of MetS components in premenopausal women, compared to postmenopausal. Each 1 ng/dL increase in A-FABP concentration significantly increased the probability of occurrence of atherogenic lipid profile in premenopausal women, even after multivariate adjustment. All odds ratios became insignificant after controlling for BMI in postmenopausal women. A-FABP was more strongly associated with MetS than leptin and adiponectin in premenopausal women. Adiponectin concentration was a better biomarker for MetS after menopause. Our results suggest that the A-FABP is more strongly associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women. Higher values of A-FABP after menopause are mainly explained by the fact that postmenopausal women are older. Because of the limitation of study, these results should be interpreted with caution.

Deregulated Lipid Sensing by Intestinal CD36 in Diet-Induced Hyperinsulinemic Obese Mouse Model.

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Marjorie Buttet

Full Text Available The metabolic syndrome (MetS greatly increases risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes and is generally associated with abnormally elevated postprandial triglyceride levels. We evaluated intestinal synthesis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL in a mouse model of the MetS obtained by feeding a palm oil-rich high fat diet (HFD. By contrast to control mice, MetS mice secreted two populations of TRL. If the smaller size population represented 44% of total particles in the beginning of intestinal lipid absorption in MetS mice, it accounted for only 17% after 4 h due to the secretion of larger size TRL. The MetS mice displayed accentuated postprandial hypertriglyceridemia up to 3 h due to a defective TRL clearance. These alterations reflected a delay in lipid induction of genes for key proteins of TRL formation (MTP, L-FABP and blood clearance (ApoC2. These abnormalities associated with blunted lipid sensing by CD36, which is normally required to optimize jejunal formation of large TRL. In MetS mice CD36 was not downregulated by lipid in contrast to control mice. Treatment of controls with the proteosomal inhibitor MG132, which prevented CD36 downregulation, resulted in blunted lipid-induction of MTP, L-FABP and ApoC2 gene expression, as in MetS mice. Absence of CD36 sensing was due to the hyperinsulinemia in MetS mice. Acute insulin treatment of controls before lipid administration abolished CD36 downregulation, lipid-induction of TRL genes and reduced postprandial triglycerides (TG, while streptozotocin-treatment of MetS mice restored lipid-induced CD36 degradation and TG secretion. In vitro, insulin treatment abolished CD36-mediated up-regulation of MTP in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, HFD treatment impairs TRL formation in early stage of lipid absorption via insulin-mediated inhibition of CD36 lipid sensing. This impairment results in production of smaller TRL that are cleared slowly from the circulation, which might contribute to the

L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats

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Qiongxian Yan

2017-01-01

Full Text Available L-theanine has various advantageous functions for human health; whether or not it could mediate the nutrients absorption is unknown yet. The effects of L-theanine on intestinal nutrients absorption were investigated using rats ingesting L-theanine solution (0, 50, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight per day for two weeks. The decline of insulin secretion and glucose concentration in the serum was observed by L-theanine. Urea and high-density lipoprotein were also reduced by 50 mg/kg L-theanine. Jejunal and ileac basic amino acids transporters SLC7a1 and SLC7a9, neutral SLC1a5 and SLC16a10, and acidic SLC1a1 expression were upregulated. The expression of intestinal SGLT3 and GLUT5 responsible for carbohydrates uptake and GPR120 and FABP2 associated with fatty acids transport were inhibited. These results indicated that L-theanine could inhibit the glucose uptake by downregulating the related gene expression in the small intestine of rats. Intestinal gene expression of transporters responding to amino acids absorption was stimulated by L-theanine administration.

[Whole cDNA sequence cloning and expression of chicken L-FABP gene and its relationship with lipid deposition of hybrid chickens].

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Ying; Wang, Dong; Sun, Dong-Xiao; Xu, Gui-Yun; Li, Jun-Ying; Zhang, Yuan

2011-07-01

Liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is closely related to intracellular transportation and deposition of lipids. A positive differential displayed fragment was found in the liver tissue among Silkie (CC), CAU-brown chicken (CD), and their reciprocal hybrids (CD and DC) at 8 weeks-old using differential display RT-PCR techniques (DDRT-PCR). Through recycling, sequencing, and alignment analysis, the fragment was identified as chicken liver fatty acid-binding protein gene (L-FABP, GenBank accession number AY321365). Reverse Northern dot blot and semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the avian L-FABP gene was over-expressed in the liver tissue of the reciprocal hybrids (CD and DC) compared to their parental lines (CC and DD), which was consistent with the fact that higher abdomen fat weight and wider inter-muscular fat width observed in the reciprocal hybrids. Considering the higher expression of L-FABP may contribute to the increased lipid deposition in the hybrid chickens, the functional study of avian L-FABP is warranted in future.

Programa de prevención del sobrepeso y obesidad infantil en centros educativos de Navarra

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Oses Recalde, Maddi

2017-01-01

El objetivo general de este TFM es disminuir la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil en navarra. Todo ello para mejorar la salud en la población infantil y consecuentemente mejorar la salud en su edad adulta. Para ello se identifican los siguientes objetivos específicos: 1) Mejorar los hábitos alimentarios de los participantes del proyecto. 2) Aumentar la actividad física de los participantes. 3) Disminuir el sobrepeso y la obesidad de los participantes del programa. Para la ...

Obesidad infantil y su relación con indicadores cardiopulmonares en escolares mexicanos

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José Arias-Rico

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar la relación entre obesidad y anormalidades de parámetros cardiopulmonares en escolares. Materiales y mé- todos: participaron 78 escolares entre 5 a 11 años de edad, 47 hombres (60,3 % y 31 mujeres (39,7 % , pertenecientes a una escuela primaria particular de la ciudad de Pachuca (México. Se evaluó: índice de masa corporal (IMC, circunferencia de cintura (CC, grasa corporal (GC, frecuencia cardiaca (FC, presión arterial (PA, frecuencia respiratoria (FR y espirometría. Se emplearon las pruebas estadísticas chi-cuadrado (x2, odds ratio y correlación de Spearman (rs. Resultados: 23,1 % de los escolares evaluados presentaron sobrepeso y 29,5 %, obesidad. El 38,5 y 11,5 % presentaron FC y PA superiores a los parámetros normales, respectivamente; 3,8 % de la población presentó FR arriba del promedio y 11,5 % mostró valores espirométricos anormales. Se encontraron relaciones entre IMC con GC y CC, GC y CC, CC y FC, GC y PA, y FC y FR. Conclusiones: las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad obtenidas en este estudio fueron altas. Los niños con sobrepeso u obesidad podrían tener mayor riesgo de presentar anormalidades cardiopulmonares en comparación con niños de peso normal. Se sugiere continuar con estudios en el tema en una muestra más amplia.

Discriminación por obesidad: Perspectiva Jurídica

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Baile Ayensa, José Ignacio

2017-01-01

La presente Tesis Doctoral es un estudio sobre la discriminación que padecen las personas obesas. Consta, básicamente, de las siguientes dos partes: a) un análisis psicosocial de la obesidad y la segregación que sufren las personas obesas; b) un análisis jurídico sobre cómo el Derecho debería prohibir la discriminación por obesidad. El análisis psicosocial constituye el presupuesto científico del que se parte en este trabajo doctoral, pues en él, y tras explicar qué entiende la comunidad cien...

FATORES ASSOCIADOS À OBESIDADE E SOBREPESO EM ESCOLARES

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Márcia Christina Caetano de Souza

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Evaluar los factores asociados con el exceso de peso (sobrepeso/obesidad en los niños matriculados en una escuela primaria de la red pública de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Estudio transversal con 1.187 escolares de 6 a14 años de edad de la red municipal de enseñanza de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais. La prevalencia de la obesidad y el sobrepeso se calculó a partir de los parámetros de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, mediante el Programa WHO Anthro-Plus. Se utilizó la regresión logística para identificar las variables asociadas con el exceso de peso, considerando un nivel de significación del 5%. Se observó una prevalencia de 24,4% de sobrepeso. Los ingresos familiares y la educación materna fueron determinantes con sobrepeso en la población estudiada (p<0,05. El exceso de peso fue configurado como el principal problema de salud en escolares. Medidas de orden intersectorial deben ser implementadas por el gobierno con el fin de prevenir y reducir la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad en la escuela.

IDEAS SOBRE LAS CAUSAS DE LA OBESIDAD EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS MEXICANOS Y ESPAÑOLES

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Rigoberto León Sánchez; Blanca Elizabeth Jiménez Cruz; Asunción López Manjón; Kirareset Barrera García

2014-01-01

Diversos estudios han mostrado que los profesionales de la salud estigmatizan la obesidad, incluso aquellos que dedican su labor a la atención del paciente obeso. Es posible que dichas creencias negativas tengan que ver con la atribución de las causas de la obesidad, es decir, si se supone que la persona obesa tiene o no responsabilidad sobre su padecimiento. El propósito del presente trabajo fue examinar las creencias sobre las causas de la obesidad de dos grupos de estudiantes universitario...

Desigualdade, pobreza e obesidade Inequality, poverty and obesity

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Vanessa Alves Ferreira

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Estudos nacionais têm demonstrado a relação positiva entre desigualdade, pobreza e obesidade, revelando a singularidade e a complexidade da transição nutricional no Brasil. Nesta direção, as mulheres constituem um grupo vulnerável à dinâmica da obesidade no contexto da pobreza. Tal fato impõe o aprofundamento teórico e a realização de pesquisas que possibilitem uma maior aproximação com o fenômeno em questão. Nesta perspectiva, o estudo analisou o cotidiano de vida de mulheres pobres e obesas, usuárias de unidades básicas de saúde da cidade de Diamantina, Vale do Jequitinhonha (MG. Os resultados revelaram a imbricada relação entre obesidade feminina e pobreza. Os aspectos culturais e materiais de vida, assim como as diferentes concepções de alimentação e de corpo, demonstraram ser elementos fundamentais para a análise das múltiplas faces da obesidade entre o grupo investigado. Frente a esses resultados, torna-se oportuno fomentar políticas públicas que promovam maior equidade, ampliando o acesso desses grupos aos principais recursos para a prevenção e o combate à obesidade.National studies have been demonstrating the positive relationship among inequality, poverty and obesity revealing the singularities and complexity of the nutritional transition in Brazil. In this direction, the women constitute a vulnerable group to the dynamics of the obesity in the poverty context. Such fact imposes the theoretical deepening and the accomplishment of researches that make possible a larger approach with the phenomenon in subject. In this perspective, the study analyzed the daily life of poor and obese women, users of basic units of health of the city of Diamantina, Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais State. The results revealed the complex relationship between feminine obesity and poverty. The cultural and material aspects of life, as well as the different feeding and body conceptions that demonstrated to be fundamental

The clinical significance of fatty acid binding proteins

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Barbara Choromańska

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Excessive levels of free fatty acids are toxic to cells. The human body has evolved a defense mechanism in the form of small cytoplasmic proteins called fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs that bind long-chain fatty acids (LCFA, and then refer them to appropriate intracellular disposal sites (oxidation in mitochondria and peroxisomes or storage in the endoplasmic reticulum. So far, nine types of these proteins have been described, and their name refers to the place in which they were first identified or where they can be found in the greatest concentration. The most important FABPs were isolated from the liver (L-FABP, heart (H-FABP, intestine (I-FABP, brain (B-FABP, epidermis (E-FABP and adipocytes (A-FABP. Determination of H-FABP is used in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, and L-FABP in kidney lesions of different etiologies. It is postulated that FABPs play an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Elevated levels of A-FABP have been found in the pericardial fat tissue and were associated with cardiac dysfunction in obese people. A rise in A-FABP has been observed in patients with type II diabetes. I-FABP is known as a marker of cell damage in the small intestine. Increased concentration of B-FABP has been associated with human brain tumors such as glioblastoma and astrocytoma, as well as with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and other disorders of cognitive function. The aim of this work was to present current data on the clinical significance of fatty acid binding proteins.

Significado de la Obesidad para los Adolescentes de Temuco-Chile

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Collipal, E; Silva, H; Vargas, R; Martínez, C

2006-01-01

La obesidad en la población adolescente ha tenido un alarmante aumento, siendo la dieta uno de los factores que más ha influido en estos cambios. La dieta se caracteriza por una alta ingesta de grasas, azúcares, alimentos procesados, todo esto estimulado por atractivos mensajes publicitarios que aumentan su consumo. Con el propósito de analizar el significado que tiene la obesidad para los adolescente de los colegios de Temuco, Chile, realizamos este trabajo, utilizando la técnica de redes se...

Estudo da sintomatologia depressiva e ansiosa em crianças com e sem obesidade

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Morgado, Joana Alexandra da Silva

2013-01-01

A obesidade infantil constitui um problema de saúde pública, o que motivou a sua classificação pela WHO como “epidemia do seculo XXI”. Como se não bastasse, surge sempre associada ao aumento quer da mortalidade, quer da morbilidade. Este estudo procura perceber em que medida as crianças com obesidade infantil diferem das crianças sem obesidade em termos de sintomatologia depressiva e ansiosa. O desenho do estudo é de natureza transversal e comparativa. A amostra é composta por 85 crianças, co...

Lactancia materna, alimentación complementaria y el riesgo de obesidad infantil

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Luis Sandoval Jurado

2016-11-01

Conclusiones: La lactancia materna exclusiva menor a 3 meses de duración se presenta casi 4 veces más en los niños con obesidad, existiendo una diferencia para edad de inicio de alimentación complementaria, tiempo de lactancia materna y tiempo de consumo de leche de fórmula entre los niños con y sin obesidad.

Obesidad pregestacional como factor de riesgo asociado a preeclampsia

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Zoila Moreno

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar la obesidad como factor de riesgo de preeclampsia. Diseño: Estudio caso control realizado en el Hospital Dos de Mayo, Lima, Perú. Material y Métodos: Después de excluir 35 pacientes, se comparó 107 mujeres preeclámpticas con 107 gestantes normotensas, pareadas para edad gestacional (±1 semana. Se correlacionó peso pregestacional con la presencia de preeclampsia usando chi-cuadrado; se empleó t de student para comparar promedios y se controló variables confusoras usando la regresión logística. Resultados: La preeclampsia estuvo asociada con una edad de 35 años o más (OR 3,0; IC 95% 1,2 a 7,9, historia de preeclampsia en el embarazo previo (OR 5,4; IC 95% 1,6 a 17,9 y obesidad (OR 6,5; 6,2 a 2,8, considerada como el tercil más alto de los parámetros índice de masa corporal (IMC, pliegue tricipital y circunferencia braquial media en el grupo control. Existió significativa tendencia linear de riesgo de preeclampsia con estos parámetros (p< 0,001. Conclusiones: Las mujeres obesas deben ser cuidadosamente controladas, para reducir la incidencia de preeclampsia y sus complicaciones.

Sobrepeso, obesidad y desnutrición crónica en niños de 6 a 9 años en Perú, 2009-2010

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Jaime Pajuelo-Ramírez

Full Text Available Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y desnutrición crónica en niños de 6 a 9 años en Perú. Materiales y métodos . Estudio transversal utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares del 2009 al 2010. Se analizó la relación talla/edad con referencias del National Center for Health Statistic (NCSH y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, considerando debajo de menos dos desviaciones estándar para desnutrición crónica (DC; y las tablas de referencias de Must y de la OMS para medir el índice de masa corporal con valores percentiles entre 85 y 95 para sobrepeso y por encima del percentil 95 para obesidad. Resultados. Utilizando como referencia Must el sobrepeso fue 12,1% y la obesidad 9,4%, y de acuerdo a la OMS el sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron 10,2 y 11,3% respectivamente. La prevalencia de DC según referencias de la NCSH y OMS es 15,4 y 17,8% respectivamente. Mayor prevalencia de DC se encuentran en la sierra norte (25,2%, sierra centro (22,9% y sierra sur (19%, mientras que la obesidad está más presente en la costa sur (28%, Lima Metropolitana (22,8% y costa centro (22,5%. De los niños con DC el 6,5% tiene sobrepeso y 1,2% obesidad. Conclusiones. La DC está disminuyendo por cuanto los promedios de talla han mejorado, sin embargo la obesidad se ha duplicado. La presencia de DC y obesidad en niños de 6 a 9 años en diferentes regiones del Perú propone un reto en la planificación de políticas de alimentación y nutrición

Obesidad: ¿baja autoestima? intervención psicológica en pacientes con obesidad

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Alcia María Alvarado Sánchez; Evelyn Guzmán Benavides; Mónica Teresa González Ramírez

2005-01-01

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de una intervención psicológica en pacientes con obesidad. Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental con un grupo de estudio y un grupo control. Después de la intervención, se encontró una diferencia significativa en la reducción de peso entre los grupos. Asimismo, hubo un incremento significativo en la autoestima del grupo estudiado.

Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes de un distrito urbano de Lima, Perú 2012

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Gaudi Lozano-Rojas

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes de un distrito urbano de Lima, Perú 2012. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal analítico, se incluyeron 1743 escolares de 12 a 17 años de edad seleccionados de diez instituciones educativas públicas y privadas, mediante una muestra por conglomerados, estratifi y aleatorio. En los escolares de las instituciones seleccionadas, se midió peso y talla. Para el diagnóstico de sobrepeso y obesidad se utilizó los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS y el Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC. En el análisis de datos se empleó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados. Según los criterios de la OMS la prevalencia de sobrepeso fue 33,7% (IC 95%: 31,5-36,0 y obesidad 14,4% (IC 95%:12,8-16,1. Según criterios del CDC la prevalencia de sobrepeso fue 26,5% (IC 95%: 24,4-28,6 y obesidad 13,9% (IC 95%: 12,3-15,6. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue signifi mayor en varones de 12 y 13 años de edad e instituciones educativas privadas (p<0,05. La concordancia entre los criterios de la OMS y el CDC para el diagnóstico de sobrepeso y obesidad fue muy buena. Conclusiones. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, con predominio en varones, escolares de 12 y 13 años e instituciones educativas privadas. Es necesario iniciar medidas de intervención que contribuyan a prevenir las enfermedades crónicas en la adultez, secundarias a la obesidad en la adolescencia

Associações entre impulsividade, compulsão alimentar e obesidade em adolescentes

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Cibele Pereira

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La impulsividad puede ser un componente importante en el contexto de atracones y la obesidad. Objetivo, Presentación de un protocolo con el uso de prueba Palográfico para medir la impulsividad. Métodos, 60 adolescentes (10 - 20 años, Md, 13,97 años, SD 2.17 de ambos sexos se evaluaron el IMC, los atracones y la impulsividad. Resultados: Los atracones eran frecuentes en las niñas y la impulsividad en los niños. 38% de la muestra estaban por encima del peso saludable y de estos, el 13% de forma simultánea con la obesidad la obesidad / mórbida, los atracones y las puntuaciones más altas de la impulsividad. La asociación entre el IMC y la impulsividad anotó valores próximos al nivel de significación en el estudio (chi cuadrado = 14,85, gl = 8, p =. 062. Conclusión, La prueba Palográfico mostró buena sensibilidad y especificidad justifica la aplicación de este protocolo en los diseños de estudio con muestras más grandes y centrados in las diferencias sexuales.

Obesidad y pobreza: marco conceptual para su análisis en latinoamérica

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Pedraza,Dixis Figueroa

2009-01-01

La obesidad tiene una etiología multifactorial en la que los factores de mayor fuerza se relacionan con los estilos de vida. El incremento tan abrupto de la obesidad y su gran extensión obedecen principalmente a cambios importantes en la alimentación de la población, al patrón de actividad física y a otros factores de índole sociocultural, todo lo cual se ha manifestado en un proceso de transición nutricional. Las tendencias de aumento y de las diferencias sociales en la obesidad, hacen que l...

Tratamiento de la obesidad con productos naturales

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Lina Neri Espinosa Pire

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Los crecientes índices de obesidad alrededor del mundo, provocados principalmente por los excesos en la ingesta y la vida sedentaria, constituye uno de los grandes problemas de salud pública en nuestras sociedades. Entre otras formas como dietas y tratamientos que surgen cada día para combatir la obesidad, el uso de plantas medicinales conocido como fitoterapia, ha despertado gran interés. Existen ciertas plantas que poseen propiedades adelgazantes, sin embargo, lo mejor es ponerse en manos de especialistas en este campo, para recibir una correcta asesoría de acuerdo a las necesidades personales. Las plantas medicinales y los productos que de ellas se obtienen, constituyen remedios eficaces para combatir la obesidad, pues no tienen efectos adversos. No obstante el tratamiento debe combinarse con un cambio de hábitos alimentarios y actividad física y no conviene utilizarlos irresponsablemente, pues no todos tienen los mismos beneficios y efectos. La eficacia de la aplicación de plantas con la finalidad de bajar de peso ha sido comprobada en numerosos ensayos clínicos que se han realizado con determinadas especies vegetales. Las plantas medicinales se han utilizado tradicionalmente en forma de infusión, sin embargo esta forma de administración no permite controlar efectivamente las dosis administradas, por lo que es preferible hacerlo en preparados como cápsulas o comprimidos. Cada planta deberá administrarse de una manera específica y es importante que los preparados se tomen siempre en el mismo horario para potenciar su efectividad.

Definición y clasificación de la obesidad

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Dr. G Manuel Moreno

2012-03-01

Full Text Available La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica de alta prevalencia en Chile y en la mayoría de los países del mundo. Se caracteriza por un mayor contenido de grasa corporal, lo cual -dependiendo de su magnitud y de su ubicación topográficava a determinar riesgos de salud que limitan las expectativas y calidad de vida. En adultos, la obesidad se clasifica de acuerdo al Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC, por la buena correlación que presenta este indicador con la grasa corporal y riesgo para la salud a nivel poblacional. La fuerte asociación existente entre la obesidad abdominal y la enfermedad cardiovascular ha permitido la aceptación clínica de indicadores indirectos de grasa abdominal como la medición de circunferencia de cintura. La definición de los puntos de corte de IMC y de circunferencia de cintura ha sido controversial en poblaciones de diferentes etnias y grupos etarios.

Obesidade infantil: o problema de saúde pública do século 21

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Sara Maria Moreira Lima Verde

2014-03-01

Full Text Available De acordo com a World Health Organization (WHO(1, a obesidade infantil é um dos mais sérios problemas de saúde pública do século 21, sendo considerado global e afetando principalmente países de baixa e média rendas em áreas urbanas. A prevalência da doença tem aumentado de modo alarmante e, em 2010, o número de crianças menores de cinco anos com sobrepeso foi de mais de 42 milhões, sendo 35 milhões residentes em países em desenvolvimento. No Brasil, o aumento da obesidade é preocupante. O VIGITEL 2013(2 apresenta dados referentes à entrevista realizada com 45,4 mil brasileiros, residentes nas capitais e Distrito Federal (DF, onde 51% dessa população estava com excesso de peso e 17%, com obesidade. Em 2006, os números eram 43% e 11%. Além disso, de acordo com a Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar – POF (2008- 2009(3, realizada pelo IBGE, uma em cada três crianças brasileiras com idade entre 5 e 9 anos está com peso acima do recomendado pela WHO(1 e pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS. Entre os jovens de 10 a 19 anos, um em cada cinco apresenta excesso de peso. O problema já afeta 1/5 da população infantil e pode resultar em uma geração futura de obesos, pois crianças obesas se tornam adolescentes obesos e 80% destes chegam à vida adulta também com obesidade. Assim, essa geração de pequenos obesos pode ser vista como futuros hipertensos, diabéticos, com riscos renais, cardiovasculares e cerebrais aumentados. Todos esses fatores reforçam a obesidade infantil como um importante problema de saúde pública no momento em que finaliza o ciclo com indivíduos “sem saúde” e elevados custos para o sistema de saúde pública do país. O Brasil apresenta uma dupla carga de doenças com origem na alimentação, sendo observada a ocorrência de enfermidades causadas pela deficiência de micronutrientes específicos e crescente prevalência de obesidade entre os brasileiros(4. A alimentação inadequada e o sedentarismo t

Obesidade infantil: causas e estratégias preventivas

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Vanessa Margareth Soares

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo auxiliar a compreensão das causas da obesidade infantil bem como mostrar algumas estratégias simples que podem contribuir na prevenção dessa doença. O caso ‘sobrepeso e obesidade’ é tratado por muitas pessoas sem a devida importância, por entenderem que o mesmo é apenas uma questão estética que não interfere em nada além da saúde física da criança obesa ou sobrepesada, o que é um engano, pois a obesidade e o sobrepeso tem várias causas e uma extensão de problemas, como a hipertensão e o diabetes entre outros, que estão associados direta ou indiretamente a esse mal. A pesquisa foi realizada com crianças de 4 a 5 anos, de uma escola pública e uma privada do município de Sinop - MT, tendo como respaldo metodológico a observação participante utilizando-se de questionários implícitos em diálogos, onde tivemos a oportunidade de compreender alguns aspectos sobre os hábitos alimentares e físicos das mesmas. Os diálogos foram analisados de forma qualitativa, onde munidos do índice de massa corporal, caderno de impressões, podemos constatar que o maior mal que a obesidade causa é o psicológico, pois as crianças sobrepesadas observadas se excluem do convívio social. Aos responsáveis e sociedade em geral cabe a responsabilidade de dar continuidade aos saberes aplicados em sala, estabelecendo hábitos mais saudáveis no ambiente em que vivem.Palavras-chave: educação; educação física e alimentar; obesidade infantil; alunos de 4 e 5 anos.

New Insight in Loss of Gut Barrier during Major Non-Abdominal Surgery.

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Joep P M Derikx

Full Text Available Gut barrier loss has been implicated as a critical event in the occurrence of postoperative complications. We aimed to study the development of gut barrier loss in patients undergoing major non-abdominal surgery.Twenty consecutive children undergoing spinal fusion surgery were included. This kind of surgery is characterized by long operation time, significant blood loss, prolonged systemic hypotension, without directly leading to compromise of the intestines by intestinal manipulation or use of extracorporeal circulation. Blood was collected preoperatively, every two hours during surgery and 2, 4, 15 and 24 hours postoperatively. Gut mucosal barrier was assessed by plasma markers for enterocyte damage (I-FABP, I-BABP and urinary presence of tight junction protein claudin-3. Intestinal mucosal perfusion was measured by gastric tonometry (P(rCO2, P(r-aCO2-gap. Plasma concentration of I-FABP, I-BABP and urinary expression of claudin-3 increased rapidly and significantly after the onset of surgery in most children. Postoperatively, all markers decreased promptly towards baseline values together with normalisation of MAP. Plasma levels of I-FABP, I-BABP were significantly negatively correlated with MAP at (1/2 hour before blood sampling (-0.726 (p<0.001, -0.483 (P<0.001, respectively. Furthermore, circulating I-FABP correlated with gastric mucosal P(rCO2, P(r-aCO2-gap measured at the same time points (0.553 (p = 0.040, 0.585 (p = 0.028, respectively.This study shows the development of gut barrier loss in children undergoing major non-abdominal surgery, which is related to preceding hypotension and mesenterial hypoperfusion. These data shed new light on the potential role of peroperative circulatory perturbation and intestinal barrier loss.

Representaciones Sociales de la Obesidad en Jóvenes Preuniversitarios y Universitarios

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Collipal L, Erika; Godoy B, María Pía

2015-01-01

La obesidad es considerada actualmente una epidemia mundial, en niños, adolescentes y adultos. Estudios clínicos en niños obesos han demostrado que tienen riesgo de variadas enfermedades asociadas, como enfermedades psicológicas, ortopédicas por sobrecarga para el aparato locomotor, disnea de esfuerzo ante el ejercicio, factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, alteraciones endocrinas y alteraciones hepáticas. Por lo tanto es muy relevante la prevención de la obesidad en la infancia y la adolescen...

Estilos de apego padres-hijo y obesidad infantil

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Corina Alba-Alba

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El apego es una conducta de búsqueda de cercanía con el otro significativo para obtener seguridad, confianza y afecto la cual se lleva a cabo a través de distintas estrategias que determinan un estilo de apego. El estilo de apego puede clasificarse en dos grandes categorías: seguro e inseguro. La incidencia de obesidad infantil continúa en aumento en México, siendo uno de los países más afectados por lo que es prioritario explorar nuevos aportes de conocimiento respecto al tema. El presente artículo ofrece información teórica y empírica como referente para plantear la pertinencia de estudiar la relación entre estilos de apego padres-hijo y obesidad infantil.

Obesidade em idosos acompanhados pela estratégia de saúde da família

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Daiana Argenta Kümpel

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La obesidad aumenta las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad y es un problema de salud pública. Se trata de un estudio transversal que se llevó a cabo con 123 participantes, con el objetivo de identificar la proporción de casos y los factores de riesgo para el sobrepeso/obesidad entre ancianos de sesenta años o más, asistidos por cuatro equipos del programa Estrategia de Salud Familiar, en la ciudad de Passo Fundo-RS. Se consideró a la obesidad como la variable dependiente y las demás como variables independientes: sexo, edad, ingresos familiares, educación, ocupación, actividad física, tabaquismo, medicamentos. Se consideraron como mediciones antropométricas: el peso, talla, circunferencia de la cintura. la cadera y el cuello. Se hizo un análisis bivariado mediante el test de Chi cuadrado con un nivel de significancia <0,05. En el grupo de estudio, el sobrepeso/obesidad ha alcanzado una proporción de 49,6%. En el modelo de múltiples permanecieron asociadas a la obesidad de los ancianos, la circunferencia de la cintura (p=0,000 y la circunferencia del cuello (p=0,000. Los resultados indican una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad, lo que refuerza la necesidad de estrategias por parte de los profesionales de la salud que buscan el bienestar y la longevidad.

Knocking out or pharmaceutical inhibition of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) alleviates osteoarthritis induced by high-fat diet in mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, C; Chiu, K Y; Chan, B P M; Li, T; Wen, C; Xu, A; Yan, C H

2018-06-01

Adipokines play roles in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a novel adipokine that is closely associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to discover the potential role of FABP4 in OA. Seventy-two FABP4 knockout mice (KO) in C57BL/6N background and wild-type littermates (WT) (male, 6-week-old) were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calorie) or standard diet (STD, 11.6% calorie) for 3 months, 6 months and 9 months (n = 6 each). In the parallel study, forty-eight 6-week-old male WT mice were fed with HFD or STD, and simultaneously treated with daily oral gavage of selective FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403 (15 mg/kg/d) or vehicle for 4 months and 6 months (n = 6 each). Serum FABP4 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentration was quantified. Histological assessment of knee OA and micro-CT analysis of subchondral bone were performed. HFD induced obesity in mice. After 3 months and 6 months of HFD, KO mice showed alleviated cartilage degradation and synovitis, with significantly lower COMP, modified Mankin OA score, and MMP-13/ADAMTS4 expression. After 6 months and 9 months of HFD, KO mice showed less osteophyte formation and subchondral bone sclerosis. Chronic treatment of BMS309403 for 4 months and 6 months significantly alleviated cartilage degradation, but had no effects on the subchondral bone. Knocking out or pharmaceutical inhibition of FABP4 did not have significant effects on lean mice fed with STD. Knocking out or pharmaceutical inhibition of FABP4 alleviates OA induced by HFD in mice. Copyright © 2018 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

El factor espacial como determinante de la obesidad en la Región de Murcia

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López Hernández, Fernando Ant.

2008-01-01

Full Text Available La obesidad es uno de los problemas de salud más graves y de más rápido crecimiento en los países desarrollados. Esta enfermedad afecta a un gran porcentaje de la población, abarcando a todas las edades, sexos y condiciones sociales. La prevalencia de la obesidad ha aumentado y continúa incrementándose de forma alarmante en nuestra sociedad, adquiriendo proporciones epidémicas. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los factores desencadenantes de la obesidad en la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia, prestando especial interés a aquellos factores que presentan una componente espacial. Para llevara a cabo este estudio epidemiológico se ha realizado una encuesta a 741 individuos en toda la Región, en la que se recoge información tanto de hábitos de vida saludables como medidas antropométricas de los individuos. Los resultados del análisis apuntan a la importancia del factor espacial en la obesidad y presentando el mapa de obesidad de la CARM.

Molecular cloning and expression of a novel keratinocyte protein (psoriasis-associated fatty acid-binding protein [PA-FABP]) that is highly up-regulated in psoriatic skin and that shares similarity to fatty acid-binding proteins

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Madsen, Peder; Rasmussen, H H; Leffers, H

1992-01-01

termed PA-FABP (psoriasis-associated fatty acid-binding protein). The deduced sequence predicted a protein with molecular weight of 15,164 daltons and a calculated pI of 6.96, values that are close to those recorded in the keratinocyte 2D gel protein database. The protein comigrated with PA......-FABP as determined by 2D gel analysis of [35S]-methionine-labeled proteins expressed by transformed human amnion (AMA) cells transfected with clone 1592 using the vaccinia virus expression system and reacted with a rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against 2D gel purified PA-FABP. Structural analysis of the amino...... with epidermal growth factor (EGF), pituitary extract, and 10% fetal calf serum] revealed a strong up-regulation of PA-FABP, psoriasin, calgranulins A and B, and a few other proteins that are highly expressed in psoriatic skin. The levels of these proteins exceeded by far those observed in non-cultured normal...

Implicaciones anestésicas de la obesidad en pacientes sometidas a una cesárea

OpenAIRE

Serrano, Mari Luz

2009-01-01

La obesidad en la embarazada debe ser considerada una situación de alto riesgo porque se asocia a complicaciones a corto y largo plazo. La obesidad supone un factor de riesgo anestésico. En el informe presentado en 2007 por "The Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health" (CEMACH) había seis muertes que estaban directamente relacionadas con la anestesia de las que cuatro eran pacientes obesas y dos obesas mórbidas. Además de la patología previa coexistente con la obesidad como ...

FABP4 is a leading candidate gene associated with residual feed intake in growing Holstein calves.

Science.gov (United States)

Cohen-Zinder, Miri; Asher, Aviv; Lipkin, Ehud; Feingersch, Roi; Agmon, Rotem; Karasik, David; Brosh, Arieh; Shabtay, Ariel

2016-05-01

Ecological and economic concerns drive the need to improve feed utilization by domestic animals. Residual feed intake (RFI) is one of the most acceptable measures for feed efficiency (FE). However, phenotyping RFI-related traits is complex and expensive and requires special equipment. Advances in marker technology allow the development of various DNA-based selection tools. To assimilate these technologies for the benefit of RFI-based selection, reliable phenotypic measures are prerequisite. In the current study, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RFI phenotypic consistency across different ages and diets (named RFI 1-3), using DNA samples of high or low RFI ranked Holstein calves. Using targeted sequencing of chromosomal regions associated with FE- and RFI-related traits, we identified 48 top SNPs significantly associated with at least one of three defined RFIs. Eleven of these SNPs were harbored by the fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4). While 10 significant SNPs found in FABP4 were common for RFI 1 and RFI 3, one SNP (FABP4_5; AFABP4_5, might be considered possible markers for RFI-based selection for FE in the Holstein breed, following a larger-scale validation. Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.

Biomarkers of Environmental Enteropathy, Inflammation, Stunting, and Impaired Growth in Children in Northeast Brazil.

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Richard L Guerrant

Full Text Available Critical to the design and assessment of interventions for enteropathy and its developmental consequences in children living in impoverished conditions are non-invasive biomarkers that can detect intestinal damage and predict its effects on growth and development. We therefore assessed fecal, urinary and systemic biomarkers of enteropathy and growth predictors in 375 6-26 month-old children with varying degrees of malnutrition (stunting or wasting in Northeast Brazil. 301 of these children returned for followup anthropometry after 2-6m. Biomarkers that correlated with stunting included plasma IgA anti-LPS and anti-FliC, zonulin (if >12m old, and intestinal FABP (I-FABP, suggesting prior barrier disruption; and with citrulline, tryptophan and with lower serum amyloid A (SAA (suggesting impaired defenses. In contrast, subsequent growth was predicted in those with higher fecal MPO or A1AT and also by higher L/M, plasma LPS, I-FABP and SAA (showing intestinal barrier disruption and inflammation. Better growth was predicted in girls with higher plasma citrulline and in boys with higher plasma tryptophan. Interactions were also seen with fecal MPO and neopterin in predicting subsequent growth impairment. Biomarkers clustered into markers of 1 functional intestinal barrier disruption and translocation, 2 structural intestinal barrier disruption and inflammation and 3 systemic inflammation. Principle components pathway analyses also showed that L/M with %L, I-FABP and MPO associate with impaired growth, while also (like MPO associating with a systemic inflammation cluster of kynurenine, LBP, sCD14, SAA and K/T. Systemic evidence of LPS translocation associated with stunting, while markers of barrier disruption or repair (A1AT and Reg1 with low zonulin associated with fecal MPO and neopterin. We conclude that key noninvasive biomarkers of intestinal barrier disruption, LPS translocation and of intestinal and systemic inflammation can help elucidate how

New Insight in Loss of Gut Barrier during Major Non-Abdominal Surgery

Science.gov (United States)

Derikx, Joep P. M.; van Waardenburg, Dick A.; Thuijls, Geertje; Willigers, Henriëtte M.; Koenraads, Marianne; van Bijnen, Annemarie A.; Heineman, Erik; Poeze, Martijn; Ambergen, Ton; van Ooij, André; van Rhijn, Lodewijk W.; Buurman, Wim A.

2008-01-01

Background Gut barrier loss has been implicated as a critical event in the occurrence of postoperative complications. We aimed to study the development of gut barrier loss in patients undergoing major non-abdominal surgery. Methodology/Principal Findings Twenty consecutive children undergoing spinal fusion surgery were included. This kind of surgery is characterized by long operation time, significant blood loss, prolonged systemic hypotension, without directly leading to compromise of the intestines by intestinal manipulation or use of extracorporeal circulation. Blood was collected preoperatively, every two hours during surgery and 2, 4, 15 and 24 hours postoperatively. Gut mucosal barrier was assessed by plasma markers for enterocyte damage (I-FABP, I-BABP) and urinary presence of tight junction protein claudin-3. Intestinal mucosal perfusion was measured by gastric tonometry (PrCO2, Pr-aCO2-gap). Plasma concentration of I-FABP, I-BABP and urinary expression of claudin-3 increased rapidly and significantly after the onset of surgery in most children. Postoperatively, all markers decreased promptly towards baseline values together with normalisation of MAP. Plasma levels of I-FABP, I-BABP were significantly negatively correlated with MAP at ½ hour before blood sampling (−0.726 (p<0.001), −0.483 (P<0.001), respectively). Furthermore, circulating I-FABP correlated with gastric mucosal PrCO2, Pr-aCO2-gap measured at the same time points (0.553 (p = 0.040), 0.585 (p = 0.028), respectively). Conclusions/Significance This study shows the development of gut barrier loss in children undergoing major non-abdominal surgery, which is related to preceding hypotension and mesenterial hypoperfusion. These data shed new light on the potential role of peroperative circulatory perturbation and intestinal barrier loss. PMID:19088854

Sobrepeso y obesidad: una propuesta de abordaje desde la sociología

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Marcelina Cruz Sánchez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El sobrepeso y la obesidad son considerados un grave problema de salud pública, por su presencia en enfermedades crónicas como las cardiovasculares y la diabetes, que se observan cada vez más entre los pobres y más en las mujeres. Para combatir y revertir el problema se pide a la persona que modifique su estilo de vida, por ser el responsable de la epidemia de obesidad, pero se considera que esto niega la responsabilidad que tiene la estructura social. Como la obesidad y el sobrepeso rebasan la perspectiva biomédica, y son un problema de desigualdad social y de género, se propone un enfoque social para comprender sus raíces sociales, y al estilo de vida como cualidad colectiva más que individual.

Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Synthesis Induce PPAR α -Regulated Fatty Acid β -Oxidative Genes: Synergistic Roles of L-FABP and Glucose.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Huan; McIntosh, Avery L; Martin, Gregory G; Petrescu, Anca D; Landrock, Kerstin K; Landrock, Danilo; Kier, Ann B; Schroeder, Friedhelm

2013-01-01

While TOFA (acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitor) and C75 (fatty acid synthase inhibitor) prevent lipid accumulation by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis, the mechanism of action is not simply accounted for by inhibition of the enzymes alone. Liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), a mediator of long chain fatty acid signaling to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- α (PPAR α ) in the nucleus, was found to bind TOFA and its activated CoA thioester, TOFyl-CoA, with high affinity while binding C75 and C75-CoA with lower affinity. Binding of TOFA and C75-CoA significantly altered L-FABP secondary structure. High (20 mM) but not physiological (6 mM) glucose conferred on both TOFA and C75 the ability to induce PPAR α transcription of the fatty acid β -oxidative enzymes CPT1A, CPT2, and ACOX1 in cultured primary hepatocytes from wild-type (WT) mice. However, L-FABP gene ablation abolished the effects of TOFA and C75 in the context of high glucose. These effects were not associated with an increased cellular level of unesterified fatty acids but rather by increased intracellular glucose. These findings suggested that L-FABP may function as an intracellular fatty acid synthesis inhibitor binding protein facilitating TOFA and C75-mediated induction of PPAR α in the context of high glucose at levels similar to those in uncontrolled diabetes.

Percepções dos estudantes da área de saúde sobre a obesidade

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Juliana Kessar Cordoni

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A incidência de sobrepeso e obesidade, assim como agravos e comorbidades relacionados, tem se destacado como um dos principais problemas de saúde pública da atualidade. Isso requer o envolvimento de diversos profissionais, em uma conjunção multidisciplinar, para a prevenção, promoção e recuperação da saúde física e psicossocial de pessoas com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Objetivo: Identificar a percepção de estudantes da área de saúde sobre a obesidade, a fim de contribuir com questionamentos e reflexões com relação à formação e atuação deles no tratamento de pessoas com obrepeso/obesidade. Métodos: Esta pesquisa foi realizada por meio da apresentação de figuras, seguida da aplicaçãode um questionário dirigido a universitários da área de saúde; e posterior análise qualitativa e quantitativa das respostas. Resultados: Os entrevistados reconheceram a importância do tratamento da obesidade, assim como a necessidade de preocupação com aspectos da saúde; no entanto, os resultados indicam a existência de rejeição e crítica quanto à obesidade na maioria dos entrevistados. Conclusão: Os resultados são um alerta de que a questão da obesidade precisa ser mais bem abordada nos cursos de formação da área da saúde, para reduzir os efeitos negativos dessa rejeição/crítica no decorrer do tratamento de tais pacientes. Considerando-se o impacto de aspectos psicológicos e emocionais dos profissionais envolvidos no tratamento e a escassa produção técnica-científica sobre o tema, sugere-se a produção de outras pesquisas, assim como deve-se intensificar a abordagem e sensibilização dos estudantes quanto à questão da obesidade como um distúrbio alimentar de relevância pública.

Distribuição espacial da obesidade em área urbana no Brasil

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Fernanda Penido Matozinhos

2015-09-01

Full Text Available ResumoA distribuição espacial de uma doença é importante para o diagnóstico e o conhecimento epidemiológico da situação e das tendências de saúde, permitindo uma melhor compreensão acerca dos fatores que determinam o estado de saúde das populações. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a distribuição espacial da obesidade em adultos em Belo Horizonte, a partir da base de dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e de Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico de 2008 a 2010. A obesidade foi definida como índice de massa corporal 30 kg/m2. Foi desenvolvida uma base georreferenciada com os dados ambientais a partir do endereço e CEP do local. Empregou-se a estatística de varredura espacial. Uma análise comparativa das variáveis ambientais referentes aos conglomerados de maior e menor prevalência de obesidade foi realizada. Foi encontrado um conglomerado de indivíduos obesos na área central da cidade, sem significância estatística. Verificou-se, também, agrupamento significativo de indivíduos não obesos no leste da cidade. Esses resultados sugerem que as razões para a baixa prevalência de obesidade em áreas urbanas brasileiras podem estar relacionadas à melhor organização social e alta disponibilidade de comércios de alimentos e de locais para a prática de atividade física.

Riesgo cardiovascular en población infantil con sobrepeso y obesidad

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Jaime Pajuelo R.

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad conducen a la aparición de comorbilidades como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemias. Objetivos: Determinar la presencia de riesgo cardiovascular en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad, por género y grupos de edad. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Participantes: Niños y adolescentes, de ambos géneros, comprendidos entre los 5 a 18 años. Intervención: El diagnóstico de sobrepeso y obesidad se hizo de acuerdo a la clasificación de Must y col. con los siguientes criterios: de 85 a 95 para el sobrepeso y más de 95 percentil obesidad. En sangre se determinó el perfil lipídico, glucosa e insulina; con estas dos últimas se determinó el índice HOMA, para identificar resistencia a la insulina (RI, mediante la ecuación de Matthew, el síndrome metabólico (SM con la referencia de Cook y las dislipidemias (D con las sugerencias de Friedman y de Daniels. Principales medidas de resultados: Riesgo cardiovascular. Resultados: Los obesos presentan mayores riesgos cardiovasculares que los que tienen sobrepeso: RI 77,8%, SM 22,2%; D: colesterol total (CT 64,4%, C-HDL 33,3%, C-LDL 19,5% y triglicéridos (Tg 40%. El género masculino, independientemente de su estado nutricional, tuvo mayor riesgo que el femenino: RI 74,1%, SM 22,2%, D: CT 63%, C-HDL 37%, C-LDL 36% y Tg 40,7%. En cuanto a la edad, en los mayores de 10 años se ha encontrado RI en 78% y C-HDL 31,7%; los demás factores de riesgo fueron mayores en los menores de 10 años. Conclusiones: Los riesgos afectaron más a los obesos que a los que tenían sobrepeso, más al género masculino y, en cuanto a la edad, los mayores de 10 años presentaron mayor prevalencia de RI y de C-HDL bajo. A mayor IMC más riesgo cardiovascular, lo que compromete muy seriamente la salud y que se hace más preocupante porque su aparición es a temprana edad.

Comparative study of the fatty acid binding process of a new FABP from Cherax quadricarinatus by fluorescence intensity, lifetime and anisotropy.

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Jiayao Li

Full Text Available Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs are small cytosolic proteins, largely distributed in invertebrates and vertebrates, which accomplish uptake and intracellular transport of hydrophobic ligands such as fatty acids. Although long chain fatty acids play multiple crucial roles in cellular functions (structural, energy metabolism, regulation of gene expression, the precise functions of FABPs, especially those of invertebrate species, remain elusive. Here, we have identified and characterized a novel FABP family member, Cq-FABP, from the hepatopancreas of red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. We report the characterization of fatty acid-binding affinity of Cq-FABP by four different competitive fluorescence-based assays. In the two first approaches, the fluorescent probe 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS, a binder of internal cavities of protein, was used either by directly monitoring its fluorescence emission or by monitoring the fluorescence resonance energy transfer occurring between the single tryptophan residue of Cq-FABP and ANS. The third and the fourth approaches were based on the measurement of the fluorescence emission intensity of the naturally fluorescent cis-parinaric acid probe or the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy measurements of a fluorescently labeled fatty acid (BODIPY-C16, respectively. The four methodologies displayed consistent equilibrium constants for a given fatty acid but were not equivalent in terms of analysis. Indeed, the two first methods were complicated by the existence of non specific binding modes of ANS while BODIPY-C16 and cis-parinaric acid specifically targeted the fatty acid binding site. We found a relationship between the affinity and the length of the carbon chain, with the highest affinity obtained for the shortest fatty acid, suggesting that steric effects primarily influence the interaction of fatty acids in the binding cavity of Cq-FABP. Moreover, our results show that the binding affinities

Desigualdades de género en sobrepeso y obesidad entre indígenas chontales de Tabasco, México

OpenAIRE

Marcelina Cruz-Sánchez; Esperanza Tuñon-Pablos; Martha Villaseñor-Farías; Guadalupe del Carmen Álvarez-Gordillo; Ronald Nigh-Nielsen

2012-01-01

Antecedentes: La obesidad se ha convertido en una epidemia global (OMS) y, aunque se sabe que afecta por igual a toda la población, las mujeres aparecen con más obesidad y obesidad central. Se desconoce el porqué de este fenómeno, o si adquiere características específicas entre la población indígena. Objetivo: identificar las desigualdades de género que subyacen al fenómeno del cuerpo con sobrepeso y obesidad entre indígenas chontales de Tabasco. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo con ...

Riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes com diferentes graus de obesidade Riesgos cardiovasculares en adolescentes con diferentes grados de obesidad Cardiovascular risks in adolescents with different degrees of obesity

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Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador

2011-03-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Há poucos estudos sobre riscos cardiovasculares em adolescentes com diferentes graus de obesidade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar repercussões metabólicas associadas a diferentes graus de obesidade em adolescentes e seu impacto nos riscos cardiovasculares. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 80 adolescentes obesos, divididos em dois grupos: 22,5, denominados obesos com menor e maior grau de obesidade, respectivamente. Foram realizados exame físico e avaliação bioquímica e de composição corporal. Para a análise estatística, foram aplicados os testes t-Student e qui-quadrado, com a finalidade de comparar os dois grupos. Modelo logístico múltiplo foi utilizado para verificar as associações entre variáveis bioquímicas e grau de obesidade. Foram desenvolvidos escores de risco para doença cardiovascular, de acordo com o número de alterações encontradas nas seguintes variáveis: glicemia de jejum, triglicérides, HDL e PA. Foram verificadas associações entre esses escores e o grau de obesidade. RESULTADOS: Os dois grupos diferiram em valores de peso, circunferência da cintura, glicemia e insulina de jejum, HOMA-IR, triglicérides, HDL, PA e medidas de composição corporal (pFUNDAMENTO: Existen pocos estudios sobre riesgos cardiovasculares en adolescentes con diferentes grados de obesidad. OBJETIVO: Evaluar repercusiones metabólicas asociadas a diferentes grados de obesidad en adolescentes y su impacto en los riesgos cardiovasculares. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con 80 adolescentes obesos, divididos en dos grupos: 22,5, denominados obesos con menor y mayor grado de obesidad, respectivamente. Se llevaron a cabo examen físico y evaluación bioquímica y de composición corporal. Para el análisis estadística, se aplicaron las pruebas t-Student y chi-cuadrado, con la finalidad de comparar los dos grupos. Modelo logístico múltiple se utilizó para verificar las asociaciones entre variables bioquímicas y grado de obesidad. Se

Eficacia de los tratamientos para el sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes

OpenAIRE

Briones García, Almudena; Rincón Morán, Judit

2016-01-01

Trabajo fin de grado en Enfermería INTRODUCCIÓN: El sobrepeso y la obesidad infanto-juvenil son unos de los problemas de salud pública más graves del siglo XXI, sin embargo los estudios que abarcan diferentes tratamientos para solucionar este problema tienen resultados dispares con falta de uniformidad en población escogida y variables estudiadas. OBJETIVO: Analizar la eficacia de los diferentes tratamientos de la obesidad y el sobrepeso en la población adolescente de 10 a 14 años. M...

Cardiometabolic risk markers, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aFABP) and the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in obese adolescents.

Science.gov (United States)

Blüher, Susann; Käpplinger, Jakob; Herget, Sabine; Reichardt, Sandra; Böttcher, Yvonne; Grimm, Andrea; Kratzsch, Jürgen; Petroff, David

2017-03-01

The impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) as well as the association between the adipocyte fatty binding protein (aFABP) and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight adolescents was investigated. Twenty-eight adolescents (13-18years; BMI≥90th percentile according to German reference values) were offered HIIT twice weekly for 6months. At baseline and after program completion, anthropometric, clinical and metabolic characteristics were assessed and a fasting blood sample was obtained. Leptin, adiponectin, visfatin and aFABP were measured using commercially available kits. DNA methylation at RALBP1 was assessed using pyrosequencing. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation and linear models were calculated. Mean age at start of the program was 15.5±1.4years (53.5% females) and 20/28 (71%) provided follow-up data. At baseline, aFABP was correlated with BMI-SDS (0.48 [0.13,0.72]; p=0.0095), waist-to-height-ratio (0.63 [0.33,0.81], p=0.00036) and body fat content (0.55 [0.21, 0.77]; p=0.0031). Certain markers of metabolic risk were significantly correlated with aFABP (HOMA-IR 0.52 [0.19, 0.75], p=0.0044; γGT 0.48 [0.13, 0.73], p=0.0091; uric acid 0.46 [0.11, 0.71] p=0.013; HDL-C -0.39 [-0.66, -0.01] p=0.043; triglycerides 0.38 [0.01, 0.66], p=0.047). With the exception of triglycerides, these associations vanished after adjusting for BMI-SDS. aFABP did not depend on sex, age or pubertal stage in obese adolescents. After the HIIT program, small but significant reductions were observed in waist-to-height-ratio, (0.013 [0.0025, 0.024]; p=0.023), skin-fold based body fat content (2.0% [0.6, 3.5]; p=0.011), and standard deviation score of systolic blood pressure (0.69 [0.26 to 1.1]; p=0.0036). No changes were observed in adipokines or epigenetic markers following the program. HIIT may have beneficial effects on body composition and cardiometabolic health in overweight adolescents. Like in adults, aFABP seems to be associated with markers of metabolic

Caractereisticas de la dieta de una muestra de adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad: estudio EVASYON

OpenAIRE

Suárez, N.; Wärnberg, Julia; Zapatera, Belén; Campoy, Cristina; Martí, Amelia; Garragori, J. M.; Marcos, Ascensión

2014-01-01

La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes ha aumentado en los últimos años en nuestro país, liderando la prevalencia europea de obesidad infantil. El propósito de este estudio es obtener información sobre la calidad de la dieta de una muestra de adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad antes de comenzar un estudio de intervención integral de nutrición, actividad física y psicología EVASYON es un estudio multicéntrico realizado en 5 hospitales españoles (Granada, Madrid, Pamp...

Modulation of FABP4 hypomethylation by DNMT1 and its inverse interaction with miR-148a/152 in the placenta of preeclamptic rats and HTR-8 cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Anning; Zhang, Huiping; Sun, Yue; Wang, Yanhua; Yang, Xiaoming; Yang, Xiaoling; Zhang, Hui; Guo, Wei; Zhu, Guangrong; Tian, Jue; Jia, Yuexia; Jiang, Yideng

2016-10-01

Inflammation and dysregulated lipid metabolism are involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is known to regulate both inflammation and lipid metabolism. In the present study, we elucidated the role of FABP4 using in vitro and in vivo models of preclampsia. We found increased expression of FABP4 in the placenta of preeclamptic rats, which was further confirmed in HTR-8 cells, an extravillous trophoblast cell line, treated with L-NAME. Overexpression of FABP4 in HTR-8 cells resulted in upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and increased lipid accumulation, suggesting that FABP4 plays a role in preeclampsia. Furthermore, downregulation of methylation in the promotor resulted in increased FABP4 expression, which was mediated by downregulated DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-148a/152 regulated the expression of DNMT1, and additional in vitro studies revealed that miR-148a/152 inhibited DNMT1 expression by directly binding to its 3'-UTR. Interestingly, DNMT1 enhanced the expression of miR-148a/152 by downregulation of methylation in its promotor. Taken together, our results showed that FABP4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, and the expression of FABP4 is enhanced by miR-148a/152 mediated inhibition of DNMT1 expression. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Percepção do adolescente obeso sobre as repercussões da obesidade em sua saúde Percepción de los adolescentes obesos respecto de los efectos de la obesidad en su salud Obese adolescents' perceptions about the repercussions of obesity on their health

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Solange Queiroga Serrano

2010-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a percepção do adolescente obeso sobre as repercussões da obesidade em sua saúde. Baseou-se no relato de quinze adolescentes obesos, acompanhados no Ambulatório do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, no período de abril a julho de 2007. Os depoimentos, obtidos através de entrevista semi-estruturada, foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática transversal. Foram identificadas quatro temáticas relacionadas com os objetivos do estudo: 1. A percepção do conceito de obesidade; 2. A obesidade afetando a auto-imagem; 3. Obesidade versus Saúde e 4. O difícil retorno à saúde. Os adolescentes perceberam a obesidade como doença, repercutindo negativamente sobre sua saúde, apresentando uma baixa auto-estima e a sensação de isolamento. Reconhecem que ser saudável é ter uma alimentação correta e praticar atividade física, sendo imprescindível o apoio formal e informal, sobrepujando as dificuldades para manter uma qualidade de vida satisfatória.El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la percepción del adolescente obeso respecto de los efectos de la obesidad en su salud. Se basó en el relato de quince adolescentes obesos que recibían seguimiento médico en el Ambulatorio del Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, utilizándose el método de entrevista semiestructurada, en el período de abril a julio de 2007. Los testimonios obtenidos de las grabaciones transcriptas fueron sometidos al método de análisis de contenido, modalidad temática transversal. Se identificaron cuatro temáticas relacionadas con los objetivos del estudio: 1. La percepción del concepto de obesidad, 2. La obesidad afectando la autoimagen, 3. Obesidad versus salud, y 4. El difícil retorno a la salud. Los adolescentes reconocieron a la obesidad como una enfermedad que acarrea repercusiones negativas en su salud, generándoles una baja autoestima y sensaci

Factores de riesgo relacionados con la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes

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Yasmin Gabriela Otero-Esteban

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo relacionados con la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes entre 10 y 18 años que pertenecen a los colegios públicos de la ciudad de Cúcuta, durante el primer semestre del 2014. Materiales y Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; con una población: 61.172 adolescentes y una muestra de 382 estudiantes matriculados en los colegios públicos de Cúcuta. El instrumento fue diseñado por las investigadoras para valorar las características sociodemográficas, medidas antropométricas, factores endógenos, exógenos y percepción del exceso de peso y de su imagen. Resultados: el exceso de peso presento alta proporción en la adolescencia temprana y en el estrato socioeconómico 2. Predominio de sobrepeso en mujeres y obesidad en hombres. En los factores endógenos asociados con estos trastornos, prevaleció el antecedente familiar de sobrepeso y obesidad, además recibieron otra alimentación y no leche materna durante los primeros seis meses, y como antecedentes personales presentaron ansiedad y parto prematuro. En los factores exógenos la alimentación de los adolescentes con sobrepeso es alta en grasas y en los obesos es alta en azúcares, baja en verduras y fibra. Los estudiantes con déficit y con peso normal, se sienten flacos y sanos; los adolescentes con sobrepeso perciben su silueta mayor, y los obesos la perciben menor a la establecida para su índice de masa corporal. Conclusiones: los adolescentes escolarizados presentan una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, observándose una mayor preponderancia de factores de riesgo endógenos y exógenos. De igual manera, presentan una imagen corporal que no corresponde a su estado nutricional.

Indução de obesidade em ratos atraves do glutamato monossodico

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Souza, Fernando de

2012-01-01

Resumo: A obesidade é importante problema médico na atualidade, com grandes repercussões epidemiológicas, no que concerne a risco para doenças como diabete melito, coronariopatias, hipertensão arterial, dislipidemias e outras. Os modelos experimentais não são satisfatórios para aplicabilidade em seres humanos, pelo menos atualmente. O intuito deste trabalho é desenvolver o modelo experimental com o objetivo de induzir obesidade com glutamato monossódico (MSG), modelo este que p...

Efectos de la actividad física y del nivel socioeconómico en el sobrepeso y obesidad de escolares, Lima Este 2005

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Alcibíades Bustamante V

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Documentar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares de 6 a 11 años de edad, y determinar la influencia del nivel socioeconómico y de la actividad física sobre ellos. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron 4191 niños de siete instituciones educativas de Lima Este. El sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron determinados a través del índice de masa corporal, los niveles de actividad física fueron evaluados a partir del cuestionario de Godin y Shephard y la caracterización del nivel socioeconómico (NSE fue según la escuela donde cursaban estudios. Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue de 22 y 7% respectivamente, 32,9% de los escolares fueron considerados como poco activos. Los escolares de NSE alto tienen mayor riesgo de presentar sobrepeso (OR: 3,9; IC95%: 3,1- 4,9 o ser obesos (OR: 11,5; IC95%: 7,3-18,2 independientemente de la edad, sexo y nivel de actividad física. No se encontró asociación entre los niveles de actividad física y el sobrepeso u obesidad. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad que se encontró refuerza la preocupación mundial con la obesidad infantil y sus consecuencias en el futuro. Los factores más influyentes para el sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron el NSE, edad y sexo. La actividad física no presenta ninguna asociación significativa.

Avaliação fenotípica, histológica e morfométrica em modelo experimental de obesidade

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Eliane Basques Moura

2011-01-01

A obesidade pode ser conceituada como um acúmulo corporal de tecido adiposo, que determina aumento do índice de massa corporal (IMC) acima de parâmetros de referência para sexo e faixa etária. A prevalência mundial da obesidade mais que dobrou desde 1980. Em 2008, sobrepeso e obesidade foram detectados em 1,5 bilhões de adultos com 20 anos ou mais. Destes, 200 milhões de homens e, aproximadamente, 300 milhões de mulheres apresentavam obesidade. Em torno de 65% da população mundial vive em paí...

La otra cara de la obesidad: reflexiones para una aproximación sociocultural

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Julia Navas López

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo propone que si bien parece haber una unanimidad en el diagnóstico biomédico de la obesidad, éste es insuficiente o no lo bastante preciso, ya que se debe profundizar sobre las consecuencias de los distintos modos de vida en las maneras de comer, y de éstas en la salud de la población. Asimismo, tratamos de reflexionar sobre cómo la ideación biomédica de la obesidad contribuye a convertir el peso corporal y la comida en lo que desde una acepción bastante reduccionista y discutible se define como un "problema social". Por último nos planteamos la estandarización de las estrategias internacionales frente a la obesidad, vinculadas con su calificación como epidemia global, para reflexionar sobre los efectos de manejar una visión limitada de la cultura y la alimentación. Las ideas articuladas en este trabajo forman parte de la fase de problematización teórica del objeto, previas a la puesta en marcha del proyecto de investigación. Una aproximación socio-antropológica a la obesidad infantil en tres estudios de caso: España, México y Cuba.

Obesidad infantil: opiniones y actitudes de los pediatras Childhood obesity: pediatricians' attitudes and opinions

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Alfredo Cano Garcinuño

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Identificar las actitudes y opiniones de los pediatras respecto al tratamiento, la prevención y la organización asistencial de la obesidad, identificar las barreras que encuentran en el tratamiento de la obesidad y las herramientas que creen más útiles para prestar una atención más efectiva. Métodos: Encuesta postal a los pediatras de atención primaria de Castilla y León, explorando la necesidad de acción frente a la obesidad, la utilidad de medidas terapéuticas y estrategias preventivas, las barreras que obstaculizan el tratamiento, las herramientas útiles para el pediatra, la eficacia propia en el tratamiento de la obesidad y la utilidad de incorporar la obesidad a la cartera de servicios. Resultados: Se consideró la obesidad como un problema de salud importante que necesita una actuación por parte de los pediatras. Esta disposición a la acción era menor entre quienes manifestaron más barreras personales. Las barreras más frecuentes procedían del medio social: disponibilidad y publicidad de determinados alimentos y bebidas, dificultades en involucrar a los padres en el tratamiento, ausencia de percepción del problema por el niño y los padres. La herramienta mejor considerada fue la formación del personal sanitario. Los pediatras se consideraban algo o poco eficaces en el tratamiento de la obesidad. La efectividad de un servicio de atención a la obesidad en atención primaria pareció ligeramente superada por la carga de trabajo que requeriría. Conclusiones: Pese a su alta disposición a la acción frente a la obesidad, los pediatras se sienten limitados debido a las barreras que encuentran, sobre todo de tipo social o cultural, y demandan más formación como una herramienta frente a la epidemia de obesidad infantil.Objectives: To identify the Spanish pediatricians' opinions and attitudes towards obesity, in relation with its treatment, prevention, and care organization, barriers they find in its treatment

Obesidad y Riesgo Cardiometabólico. Revisión

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Nafxiel Jesús Brito-Nuñez

2012-09-01

Full Text Available La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica caracterizada por aumento del tejido adiposo, causado por el desbalance entre la energía ingerida en los alimentos  y la energía eliminada, lo que conlleva a un alto grado de inflamación y oxidación. Ésta se determina por  la medición del índice de masa corporal que debe ser ≥30 Kg/m2, otra forma de diagnosticarla es a través de la medición de la circunferencia abdominal que para Latinoamérica se ha propuesto que sea de 90 cm en mujeres y 94 cm en hombres y el índice cintura-cadera, que pueden predecir en riesgo de mortalidad mejor que el índice de masa corporal particularmente en los ancianos. La obesidad es el factor de riesgo cardiovascular más prevalente en personas con enfermedad arterial coronaria establecida y está involucrada en la génesis de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Dentro de ellos tenemos: La predisposición genética,  sedentarismo, malos hábitos alimenticios, inflamación de bajo grado, disfunción endotelial, dislipidemia, aterosclerosis, hipertensión arterial, disminución de adiponectina, aumento de los niveles de leptina y resistencia a la insulina que conllevan a la aparición de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, síndrome metabólico, y, las complicaciones cardiovasculares derivadas de estos.

Distribuição de obesidade geral e abdominal em adultos de uma cidade no Sul do Brasil Distribution of general and abdominal obesity in adults in a city in southern Brazil

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Rogério da Silva Linhares

2012-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo foi determinar a prevalência e a evolução da obesidade geral e abdominal em adultos com 20 anos ou mais em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado em 2010. A obesidade geral foi definida pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC > 30kg/m² e a obesidade abdominal definida como > 88cm para mulheres e > 102cm para homens. Foram entrevistados 2.448 indivíduos. A prevalência de obesidade foi de 21,7% nos homens e 29,2% nas mulheres, já a obesidade abdominal foi de 19,5% e 37,5%, respectivamente. Na análise multivariada, menor escolaridade esteve associada ao aumento da obesidade geral e abdominal em mulheres. Renda familiar apresentou relação inversa com obesidade abdominal em homens. Comparativamente, mostraram aumento das prevalências de obesidade de 1,2 vez para as mulheres e 1,5 vez para os homens, com estudos em 1994 e 2000. Porém, para obesidade abdominal houve pequena redução entre as mulheres e se manteve semelhante para os homens. A prevalência de obesidade geral aumentou nos últimos 10 anos, enquanto que a obesidade abdominal mostrou estabilidade.The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and trends in general and abdominal obesity in adults 20 years or older in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, using a cross-sectional population-based design, in 2010. General obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI > 30kg/m² and abdominal obesity as waist circumference (WC > 88cm for women and > 102cm for men. Interviews were held with 2,448 eligible individuals. General obesity prevalence was 21.7% in men and 29.2% in women, while abdominal obesity was present in 19.5% of men and 37.5% of women. According to multivariate analysis, lower schooling was associated with increased BMI and WC in women. Family income was inversely related to abdominal obesity in men. Prevalence of general obesity had increased 1.2 times in women and 1.5 in men, when compared to

Obesity: an inflammatory disease Obesidade: uma doença inflamatória

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José Brandão-Neto

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Inflammation of adipose tissue in obesity has taken a new approach to this epidemic disease and seems to be related to the pathogenesis of their co-morbidities. Objective: To discuss about obesity and to show new insights of its inflammatory character. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was based on the collection of full text review articles in humans, published in English, contained in PubMed, in the last five years, with the keywords "obesity", "adipokines" and "inflammation". Results: A compilation of 180 articles were found and strengthens the proposition of obesity as an inflammatory disease, proven by increased pro-inflammatory adipokines in adipose tissue of human obese, like TNF-, IL-6, CRP, MCP-1, leptin and resistin. The scientific literature is also convincing regarding the association of inflammation with the appearance or worsening of obesity comorbidities, especially type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions: Despite the advances, many mechanisms involved in adipose tissue inflammation and its effects need to be clarified. Thus, research in this field should be encouraged for better grounding of the measures of health promotion, prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.Introdução: A inflamação do tecido adiposo na obesidade tem dado um novo enfoque a essa enfermidade epidêmica e parece estar relacionada à patogênese de suas co-morbidades. Objetivo: Discorrer sobre a obesidade e conduzir o leitor a novas percepções sobre seu caráter inflamatório. Materiais e Métodos: A revisão sistemática foi baseada na coleta de artigos completos de revisão em humanos, publicados em inglês, contidos no PubMed, nos últimos 5 anos, com as palavras-chave “obesity”, “adipokines” e “inflammation”. Resultados: A compilação dos 180 artigos encontrados fortalece a proposição da obesidade enquanto doença inflamatória, provada pelo aumento de adipocinas pro

A obesidade da infância para a adolescência : um estudo longitudinal em meio escolar

OpenAIRE

Leitão, Raquel

2011-01-01

Tese de doutoramento em Estudos da Criança (área de especialização em Saúde Infantil) A obesidade pediátrica atinge níveis epidémicos na maioria dos países desenvolvidos e está a aumentar de forma acentuada nos países em transição nutricional. A investigação longitudinal dos padrões actuais de desenvolvimento da obesidade durante o crescimento, bem como dos factores associados, é considerada crucial para melhorar a eficácia da prevenção da obesidade. Em Portugal, os dados l...

Biomarcadores metabólicos y de inflamación en la obesidad canina y felina en enfermedades asociadas

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Tvarijonaviciute, Asta

2012-01-01

En esta Tesis los principales 5 avances que se aportan sobre obesidad en perros y gatos son: 1) Los ensayos comercialmente disponibles para la adiponectina y la IGF-1 funcionan para estas especies. 2) La adiponectina y IGF-1 no están influenciadas por los ciclos de alimentación/ayuno o por corticoides. La adiponectina no se afecta por orquidectomia, mientras que la IGF-1 baja. La inflamación disminuye la adiponectina y la IGF-1. 3) La adiponectina baja en la obesidad, aunque no se aprecia un ...

Estudio descriptivo de las principales dietas proteinadas que existen en la actualidad para el tratamiento de la obesidad

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Franguillo Fernández, Raquel

2014-01-01

El propósito de este trabajo es conocer algunas de las distintas dietas proteinadas que se están utilizando en la actualidad como tratamiento en la obesidad. El problema de la obesidad, como indican los últimos cálculos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) realizados en 2010 (1), estima que esta enfermedad ha alcanzado proporciones epidémicas a nivel mundial y de seguir en esta línea en 2040 la totalidad de la población europea tendrá sobrepeso (2). Las dietas proteinadas son un...

A obesidade infantil: um olhar sobre o contexto familiar, escolar e da mídia

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Micheli Luttjohann Duré

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Justificativa e Objetivos: O crescente aumento da obesidade em nível mundial aloca este problema como uma epidemia global, enfatizando a mesma como um problema de saúde pública. A obesidade também se coloca como uma doença infantil, exigindo dos profissionais da saúde, ações preventivas que atinjam todo o contexto em que crianças e adultos estejam inseridos. A partir desta temática, objetivou-se discutir a problemática da obesidade infantil e a sua relação com três agentes que influenciam o estilo de vida de escolares com sobrepeso e obesidade: mídia audiovisual, relações familiares e instituições acadêmicas. Conteúdo: Artigo de revisão de literatura onde foram consultados em sites de busca (Scielo e PubMed artigos que tivessem no seu contexto no mínimo dois dos seguintes descritores: instituições acadêmicas, relações familiares, mídia audiovisual e obesidade infantil. Considerou-se como recorte temporal o período de 2009 a 2013. Conclusão: verificou-se a necessidade de políticas públicas que normatizem propagandas destinadas ao público infantil, adequando-as ao perfil educativo preventivo. Além disso, constatou-se que a escola exerce papel fundamental na prática de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Percebe se, assim, a necessidade de adaptação a essa realidade, tendo a família o papel de mediar e controlar tais ações. DESCRITORES: Mídia audiovisual. Relações familiares. Instituições acadêmicas. Obesidade infantil.

Síndrome metabólico en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad

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Jaime Pajuelo

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Conocer y cuantificar la presencia de síndrome metabólico en una población adolescente que presenta sobrepeso y obesidad. Diseño: Estudio clínico. Lugar: Servicio de Endocrinología. Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Participantes: Adolescentes. Intervenciones: Se estudió una muestra de 195 adolescentes comprendidos entre los 10 a 19 años. El criterio de inclusión fue que presentasen sobrepeso u obesidad, de acuerdo al índice de masa corporal (IMC. Para ello, se hizo uso de la población de referencia de Must y col, con los siguientes criterios diagnósticos: de 85 a 95 percentil, sobrepeso; y mayor del 95 percentil, obesos. El peso, la talla y la circunferencia de la cintura (CC fueron tomados siguiendo las recomendaciones internacionales. El síndrome metabólico fue definido mediante la recomendación de Cook (triglicéridos > 110, colesterol HDL 110 mg/dL y CC > 90 percentil, la presencia de tres o más de estos criterios indicó síndrome metabólico. Principales medidas de resultados: Síndrome metabólico, sobrepeso, obesidad. Resultados: En 8,8% de la muestra estudiada existió la presencia de síndrome metabólico. Los obesos presentaron mayor prevalencia de síndrome metabólico que los con sobrepeso (22,9 y 3%, respectivamente; el género masculino (24,1% más que el femenino (2,9%. Los de 15 años y más tuvieron un 9,7%, con relación a los menores, 7,4%. Conforme se incrementaba la CC, la presencia de síndrome metabólico fue mayor. Conclusiones: El síndrome metabólico se encuentra presente en la población adolescente, si bien con prevalencias bajas, pero que están íntimamente relacionadas al estado nutricional (sobrepeso y obesidad. La tendencia de estas alteraciones nutricionales es a incrementarse y como consecuencia mucho más adolescentes presentaran el síndrome metabólico, lo que lleva implícito un riesgo para su salud.

La Adiponectina, una adipocina del tejido adiposo clave en la obesidad durante la adolescencia

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Gerardo Fernando Fernández Soto

2016-12-01

Full Text Available La obesidad Infantil es una epidemia mundial que simultáneamente con la diabetes tipo 2 se han incrementado en la población pediátrica, que representa alto impacto económico en la asistencia y el tratamiento de sus comorbilidades asociadas, para los distintos sistemas de salud, que han impulsados nuevas investigaciones relacionadas con la obesidad y, particularmente con un actualizado análisis de la biología del tejido adiposo. Uno de los resultados de esta actividad investigadora ha sido el mejor conocimiento de la importante actividad endocrina del tejido adiposo, ejercida por medio de la síntesis y secreción de una gran cantidad de hormonas, factores tisulares y citocinas, denominadas adipocinas que están implicadas en la regulación de varios procesos metabólicos fisiológicos. La adiponectina es una adipocina considerada un biomarcador bioquímico y antiinflamatorio en los trastornos metabólicos, ya que tiene un efecto sensibilizador de insulina, aumentando la oxidación de ácidos grasos y juega papel importante en minimizar el estrés oxidativo, que disminuye el desarrollo de trastornos metabólicos como la diabetes y la obesidad.

The Ala54Thr Polymorphism of the Fatty Acid Binding Protein 2 Gene Modulates HDL Cholesterol in Mexican-Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

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Lorena M. Salto

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The alanine to threonine amino acid substitution at codon 54 (Ala54Thr of the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (FABP2 has been associated with elevated levels of insulin and blood glucose as well as with dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of this FABP2 polymorphism in Mexican-Americans with type 2 diabetes (T2D in the context of a three-month intervention to determine if the polymorphism differentially modulates selected clinical outcomes. For this study, we genotyped 43 participant samples and performed post-hoc outcome analysis of the profile changes in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipid panel and body composition, stratified by the Ala54Thr polymorphism. Our results show that the Thr54 allele carriers (those who were heterozygous or homozygous for the threonine-encoding allele had lower HDL cholesterol and higher triglyceride levels at baseline compared to the Ala54 homozygotes (those who were homozygous for the alanine-encoding allele. Both groups made clinically important improvements in lipid profiles and glycemic control as a response to the intervention. Whereas the Ala54 homozygotes decreased HDL cholesterol in the context of an overall total cholesterol decrease, Thr54 allele carriers increased HDL cholesterol as part of an overall total cholesterol decrease. We conclude that the Ala54Thr polymorphism of FABP2 modulates HDL cholesterol in Mexican-Americans with T2D and that Thr54 allele carriers may be responsive in interventions that include dietary changes.

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular carriers for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).

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Elmes, Matthew W; Kaczocha, Martin; Berger, William T; Leung, KwanNok; Ralph, Brian P; Wang, Liqun; Sweeney, Joseph M; Miyauchi, Jeremy T; Tsirka, Stella E; Ojima, Iwao; Deutsch, Dale G

2015-04-03

Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) occur naturally in marijuana (Cannabis) and may be formulated, individually or in combination in pharmaceuticals such as Marinol or Sativex. Although it is known that these hydrophobic compounds can be transported in blood by albumin or lipoproteins, the intracellular carrier has not been identified. Recent reports suggest that CBD and THC elevate the levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) when administered to humans, suggesting that phytocannabinoids target cellular proteins involved in endocannabinoid clearance. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular proteins that mediate AEA transport to its catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). By computational analysis and ligand displacement assays, we show that at least three human FABPs bind THC and CBD and demonstrate that THC and CBD inhibit the cellular uptake and catabolism of AEA by targeting FABPs. Furthermore, we show that in contrast to rodent FAAH, CBD does not inhibit the enzymatic actions of human FAAH, and thus FAAH inhibition cannot account for the observed increase in circulating AEA in humans following CBD consumption. Using computational molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis we identify key residues within the active site of FAAH that confer the species-specific sensitivity to inhibition by CBD. Competition for FABPs may in part or wholly explain the increased circulating levels of endocannabinoids reported after consumption of cannabinoids. These data shed light on the mechanism of action of CBD in modulating the endocannabinoid tone in vivo and may explain, in part, its reported efficacy toward epilepsy and other neurological disorders. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

El rol de la universidad en la prevención de la obesidad

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Carlos Alfonso González-Gómez

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La obesidad es la enfermedad crónica no transmisible más prevalente. El aumento de la prevalencia de esta enfermedad está asociado con la edad, razón por la cual los estudiantes universitarios son un grupo importante, el cual puede ser influenciado por programas de bienestar universitario. Materiales y Métodos: Articulo de reflexión, que discute las políticas colombianas y estrategias para la prevención de la obesidad y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Resultados: Literatura muestra que hay puntos críticos aplicables en la prevención de la obesidad y las enfermedades cardiovasculares en la comunidad universitaria. Estos puntos incluyen pobre participación de prevención de universidades,  inadecuada articulación de sectores involucrados para resolver deficiencias del sistema y así esperar mejores desenlaces en la comunidad.  Discusión: Pese al conocimiento de estrategias que favorecen la actividad física en la población universitaria y población general, no hay una red articulada entre las universidades y el gobierno que permitan generar impacto en la prevención de enfermedad cardiovascular y obesidad. Se requiere participación de universidades (bienestar universitario, estudiantes y gobernantes para promover y ejecutar programas y políticas sostenibles a largo plazo. Conclusiones: Pese a la existencia de leyes y normas que regulan el bienestar universitario en Colombia, no existen intervenciones eficaces para la prevención de la obesidad. Se deben intervenir grupos en riesgo, así como adecuar espacios apropiados para la alimentación y realización de actividad física. Estas reformas implican la participación articulada de estudiantes, personal administrativo y líderes políticos, en coordinación con los centros de bienestar universitario.Cómo citar este artículo: González-Gómez CA, Camacho-Ruiz  JF, Barajas-Gamboa  JS. El rol de la universidad en la prevención de la obesidad. Rev Cuid

Fatty acid binding protein 3 (fabp3) is associated with insulin, lipids and cardiovascular phenotypes of the metabolic syndrome through epigenetic modifications in a Northern European family population.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Yi; Kent, Jack W; Lee, Adam; Cerjak, Diana; Ali, Omar; Diasio, Robert; Olivier, Michael; Blangero, John; Carless, Melanie A; Kissebah, Ahmed H

2013-03-19

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) play regulatory roles at the nexus of lipid metabolism and signaling. Dyslipidemia in clinical manifestation frequently co-occurs with obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension in the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Animal studies have suggested FABPs play regulatory roles in expressing MetS phenotypes. In our family cohort of Northern European descent, transcript levels in peripheral white blood cells (PWBCs) of a key FABPs, FABP3, is correlated with the MetS leading components. However, evidence supporting the functions of FABPs in humans using genetic approaches has been scarce, suggesting FABPs may be under epigenetic regulation. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that CpG methylation status of a key regulator of lipid homeostasis, FABP3, is a quantitative trait associated with status of MetS phenotypes in humans. We used a mass-spec based quantitative method, EpiTYPER®, to profile a CpG island that extends from the promoter to the first exon of the FABP3 gene in our family-based cohort of Northern European descent (n=517). We then conducted statistical analysis of the quantitative relationship of CpG methylation and MetS measures following the variance-component association model. Heritability of each methylation and the effect of age and sex on CpG methylation were also assessed in our families. We find that methylation levels of individual CpG units and the regional average are heritable and significantly influenced by age and sex. Regional methylation was strongly associated with plasma total cholesterol (p=0.00028) and suggestively associated with LDL-cholesterol (p=0.00495). Methylation at individual units was significantly associated with insulin sensitivity, lipid particle sizing and diastolic blood pressure (pmetabolism (βWHR=-0.72; βLDL-c=-0.53) while positively correlated with plasma adiponectin (β=0.24). Further, we show that differential methylation of FABP3 affects binding activity with

La circunferencia de la cintura en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad

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Jaime Pajuelo

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar e identificar a los niños que tienen otro riesgo adicional, como es el aumento de la grasa visceral. Material y Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en Centros Educativos Estatales del distrito de Uripa (Apurímac, Trujillo (La Libertad y Lima. La población estudiada fue de 1234 niños entre 6 a 10 años de edad. El 48,6% correspondió al género femenino. A todos los niños se les tomó las siguientes medidas: peso, talla y circunferencia de la cintura (CC. Con las primeras se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC. Los valores del IMC fueron analizados con la clasificación de Must y col, identificando el sobrepeso y la obesidad a todos aquellos cuyo IMC se encontrara entre el 85 y 95 y más de 95 percentil, respectivamente. Los valores de la CC fueron analizados con las tablas de Freedman y McCarthy. Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue 16,5 y 13,9%, respectivamente. El sobrepeso y obesidad, en su conjunto, disminuye conforme avanza la edad. El porcentaje de niños que tuvieron una CC por encima del 90 percentil se incrementó de acuerdo a la edad en que los niños presentaban sobrepeso y obesidad. El promedio de CC de todos los niños fue ligeramente mayor que la de los niños de EU de A y el RU. Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los niños que tiene sobrepeso y obesidad presenta otro riesgo adicional, al tener la CC por encima de lo normal. Esta sumatoria de riesgos implicaría futuros problemas cardiovasculares, si no se toma las medidas correctivas inmediatamente.

Genome-wide analysis of CDX2 binding in intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Boyd, Mette; Hansen, Morten; Jensen, Tine G K

2010-01-01

The CDX2 transcription factor is known to play a crucial role in inhibiting proliferation, promoting differentiation and the expression of intestinal specific genes in intestinal cells. The overall effect of CDX2 in intestinal cells has previously been investigated in conditional knock-out mice......, revealing a critical role of CDX2 in the formation of the normal intestinal identity. The identification of direct targets of transcription factors is a key problem in the study of gene regulatory networks. The ChIP-seq technique combines chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with next generation sequencing...... resulting in a high throughput experimental method of identifying direct targets of specific transcription factors. The method was applied to CDX2, leading to the identification of the direct binding of CDX2 to several known and novel target genes in the intestinal cell. Examination of the transcript levels...

Evaluation of TFAM and FABP4 gene polymorphisms in three lines of Nellore cattle selected for growth.

Science.gov (United States)

Ayres, D R; Souza, F R P; Mercadante, M E Z; Fonseca, L F S; Tonhati, H; Cyrillo, J N S G; Bonilha, S F M; Albuquerque, L G

2010-10-19

We analyzed the polymorphisms TFAM HaeIII, TFAM MboI and FABP4 MspA1I in three Nellore lines selected for growth in order to evaluate how selection affects the frequencies of these polymorphisms and evaluate their association with growth and carcass traits in Zebu cattle. Birth, weaning and yearling weights, rump height, longissimus muscle area, backfat thickness, and rump fat thickness were analyzed. The sample was constituted of animals from two lines selected for yearling weight (NeS and NeT), and a control line (NeC), established in 1980, at the São Paulo Instituto de Zootecnia. Two hundred and seventy-two heifers were genotyped for TFAM gene SNPs, and 325 heifers were genotyped for the FABP4 SNP. High frequencies were observed for the alleles A (TFAM HaeIII), C (TFAM MboI) and C (FABP4 MspA1I). Significant differences in allele frequencies between NeS and NeT were observed for the TFAM HaeIII, and between the line NeT and lines NeC and NeS for the FABP4 MspA1I SNP. Five haplotypes were observed for the two polymorphisms in the TFAM gene, haplotype AACC being the most frequent. None of the markers separately or according to haplotype was significantly associated with the growth and carcass traits. The low frequencies of alleles that are associated with high marbling scores and thick subcutaneous fat in taurine breeds might explain the low means for these traits in Nellore cattle.

Edorexia y deporte. Una concepcion acerca de la obesidad y la adicción a la comida

OpenAIRE

López Morales, José Luis; Garcés de los Fayos Ruiz, Enrique Javier

2012-01-01

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la dieta hipocalórica y el deporte en el tratamiento de la obesidad y sus componentes como la adicción a la comida. El deporte es una de las herramientas más utilizadas para tratar enfermedades como la obesidad. Sin embargo, los últimos avances en la Psicología concluyen como la obesidad oculta un problema de control de impulsos relacionado con el apetito. En este estudio se deduce como la dieta hipocalórica y el deporte tiene efecto...

Correlation of the A-FABP Gene Polymorphism and mRNA Expression with Intramuscular Fat Content in Three-Yellow Chicken and Hetian-Black Chicken.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yong; Chen, Hongwei; Han, Diangang; Chen, Ying; Muhatai, Gemingguli; Kurban, Tursunjan; Xing, Jinming; He, Jianzhong

2017-01-02

The adipocyte-type fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) is considered a candidate gene for fat metabolism; thus, it affects fat deposition in chickens. The present study was designed to examine the polymorphism and mRNA abundance of the A-FABP gene with intramuscular fat (IMF) in the pectoralis muscles (PM) and leg muscles (LM) of Three-yellow Chicken (TYC) and Hetian-black Chicken (HTBC). In total, 60 TYCs and 60 HTBCs were sacrificed using exsanguination at market age. The IMF contents of the PM and LM in the HTBC were significantly higher than those in the TYC. Three genotypes of the A-FABP gene first exon, AA, AB, and BB, were examined by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), and a C51 T mutational site, which is a silent substitution mutation, was revealed. The IMF contents of the AA genotype in the PM of the HTBC were significantly higher than those in the AB genotype; thus, the C51 T mutable site is a gene marker for selecting a higher IMF content in the PM of the HTBC. The relative expression of the A-FABP mRNA in the LM of the HTBC, which was measured by quantitative real-time PCR, was significantly higher than in the TYC. A significantly positive association was detected between A-FABP expression with the IMF contents of the PM and LM of both the TYC and the HTBC. These results provide basic data that might be helpful to further research the role of the A-FABP gene in fat deposition and fatty acid metabolism in chickens.

Historia de obesidad como factor asociado al cáncer de mama en pacientes de un hospital público del Perú

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José Rojas-Camayo

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Realizamos un estudio de casos y controles, en 123 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer mamario (casos y 208 pacientes sanas (controles. En la medición se consideró el índice de masa corporal (IMC antiguo (peso promedio de la vida adulta de la persona e IMC actual (peso cuantificado al momento de efectuar la investigación y otros factores de riesgo conocidos. Los IMC antiguos mostraron un riesgo incrementado tanto en mujeres en la premenopausia: sobrepeso OR: 7,29 (IC95%: 1,75 - 30,38 y obesidad OR: 23,43 (IC95%: 2,4 - 229.7; como en mujeres posmenopáusicas: obesidad OR: 3,33 (IC95%: 1,54 - 7,19 y obesidad OR: 6,04 (IC95%: 1,78 - 20,50. Por otro lado, al evaluar el IMC actual, se encontró asociación en las premenopáusicas donde el sobrepeso es un factor protector OR: 0,23 (IC95%: 0,05 - 0,99 y la obesidad no muestra asociación OR: 0,37 (IC95%: 0,08 - 1,8, asimismo, en las posmenopáusicas no se evidenció asociación con el sobrepeso OR: 0,79 (IC95%:0,35 - 1,85 ni con la obesidad OR: 1,19 (IC95%: 0,42 - 3,38. Se concluye que la historia de obesidad está asociada con un incremento de riesgo de cáncer mamario tanto en mujeres premenopáusicas y posmenopáusicas.

FRECUENCIA DE HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL SISTÉMICA EN PERROS CON SOBREPESO U OBESIDAD Y SUS PATOLOGÍAS ASOCIADAS

OpenAIRE

Pérez Sánchez, Alicia Pamela

2014-01-01

La obesidad es una enfermedad relacionada con diferentes alteraciones metabólicas como la dislipidemia (hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia), resistencia a la insulina e hipertensión arterial sistémica (HTA). El humano con obesidad y la presencia de dos de estas alteraciones, es denominado como un caso de síndrome metabólico (SM) en el que cobra interés el mecanismo fisiopatológico del proceso obesidad-hipertensión. En medicina veterinaria estas alteraciones metabólicas ...

Prevalência e fatores associados à obesidade abdominal em pacientes em hemodiálise em Goiânia - GO

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Ana Tereza Vaz de Souza Freitas

2013-12-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A presença de excesso de peso, especialmente obesidade visceral, contribui para o maior risco de complicações metabólicas e cardiovasculares em pacientes com doença renal crônica. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à obesidade abdominal em pacientes em hemodiálise (HD. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 344 pacientes maiores de 18 anos. A obesidade abdominal foi definida pela circunferência da cintura > 94 cm nos homens e > 80 cm nas mulheres. As variáveis independentes envolveram aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos, hábitos de vida, tempo em HD, consumo alimentar e índice de massa corporal (IMC. A análise dos fatores associados foi realizada por regressão de Poisson múltipla, permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis com p 25 kg/m². Nos homens, a classe econômica D/E também permaneceu associada à obesidade abdominal, p < 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se alta prevalência de obesidade abdominal em pacientes em hemodiálise. Idade superior a 40 anos, classes econômicas mais baixas, ingestão proteica inferior ao recomendado e excesso de peso foram associados à obesidade abdominal.

Fatores de risco associados à obesidade e sobrepeso em crianças em idade escolar Factores de riesgo asociados a la obesidad y sobrepeso de niños en edad escolar Risk factors associated with obesity and overweight in school children

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Patrícia Carriel Silvério Lopes

2010-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores de risco associados à obesidade e sobrepeso em crianças de ambos os sexos em idade escolar. MÉTODO: Pesquisa do tipo survey realizada com 162 crianças matriculadas no ensino fundamental I de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi obtida por meio de um formulário contendo dados antropométricos e sobre os hábitos alimentares. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística inferencial. RESULTADOS: As crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade representaram 38,2% da amostra. Os fatores de risco associados relevantes foram o consumo de refrigerantes e a prática de atividade física. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo evidencia a presença de sobrepeso e obesidade entre as crianças estudadas, confirmando a tendência mundial de mudança no perfil nutricional da população em geral.OBJETIVO: Analizar los factores de riesgo asociados a la obesidad y sobrepeso en niños en edad escolar de ambos los sexos. MÉTODO: Estudio do tipo survey realizado con 162 niños de una escuela pública en la cuidad de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. La regida de datos fue obtenida por medio de un formulario con datos antropométricos y sobre las costumbres alimentarias. Los datos fueran analizados por el uso de estadística de inferencia. RESULTADOS: Los niños con obesidad y sobrepeso representaron 38,2% de la amuestra. Los factores de riesgo asociado fueran el consumo de refrigerantes del tipo soda y la práctica de ejercicios físicos. CONCLUSIÓN: El estudio evidenció la presencia de obesidad y sobrepeso en la muestra bajo estudio, confirmando la tendencia mundial de cambio en el perfil nutricional da la población en general.PURPOSE: To analyze the risk factors associated with obesity and overweight in school children of both sex. METHOD: Survey study carried out with 162 children students from a public school in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Data collection was obtained by means of a form with anthropometric data and

Ações de enfermeiros e professores na prevenção e no combate à obesidade infantil

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Fabiane Dias da Rosa dos Santos

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue conocer como enfermeros y profesores contribuyen para prevención y combate a la obesidad infantil. Estudio cualitativo, realizado en 2012, con datos recolectados por entrevistas con tres enfermeros de la Red Básica y ocho profesores de una escuela primaria de un municipio del sur del Brasil. El análisis temático indicó como factores que contribuyen a la obesidad infantil el consumo de alimentos poco saludables y la cultura alimentaria de las familias. Como acciones de prevención y combate al incentivo de la lactancia materna, el proceso educativo de la madre y la utilización de actividades lúdicas que promuevan el aprendizaje del niño sobre la obesidad. Se concluye como importantes acciones conjuntas y sistemáticas entre enfermeros y profesores para enfrentamiento de la obesidad infantil.

Microbiota intestinal en la salud y la enfermedad

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M.E. Icaza-Chávez

2013-10-01

Full Text Available La microbiota intestinal es la comunidad de microorganismos vivos residentes en el tubo digestivo. Muchos grupos de investigadores a nivel mundial trabajan descifrando el genoma de la microbiota. Las técnicas modernas de estudio de la microbiota nos han acercado al conocimiento de un número importante de bacterias que no son cultivables, y de la relación entre los microorganismos que nos habitan y nuestra homeostasis. La microbiota es indispensable para el correcto crecimiento corporal, el desarrollo de la inmunidad y la nutrición. Las alteraciones en la microbiota podrían explicar, por lo menos en parte, algunas epidemias de la humanidad como el asma y la obesidad. La disbiosis se ha asociado a una serie de trastornos gastrointestinales que incluyen el hígado graso no alcohólico, la enfermedad celíaca y el síndrome de intestino irritable. En el presente trabajo trataremos sobre la nomenclatura, las técnicas de estudio modernas, las funciones de la microbiota intestinal y la relación que tiene con la salud y la enfermedad.

Relación entre obesidad y caries dental en niños

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Farith Damián González Martínez

Full Text Available El estado de salud bucal se ha relacionado con la presencia de algunas alteraciones sistémicas; en la población infantil se ha sugerido que la caries dental se asocia con la obesidad. El objetivo de esta revisión fue comparar los resultados de la evidencia sobre la relación entre obesidad y caries dental en niños, por lo cual se realizó una búsqueda computarizada y sistemática utilizando el término "dental caries" combinado con "obesity", "overweight" y "underweight" en las bases de datos Medline, Embase, Pubmed y Ovid, arrojando 439 artículos, de estos se seleccionaron 15 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y superaron una evaluación de calidad metodológica. Los hallazgos fueron almacenados y organizados en una base de datos, se procesaron y analizaron estadísticamente teniendo en cuenta razones de disparidad y el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson reportados. Se presentó un prevalencia general de caries dental de 49,6 %, para los obesos fue de 52,5 % y para los no obesos de 46,8 %. No se encontró asociación entre caries y obesidad en 9 de 15 estudios. La evidencia consultada sugiere que no existe relación entre obesidad y caries dental en niños, pues la prevalencia de caries no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significantes entre niños obesos y no obesos.

Viver com obesidade infantil: a experiência de crianças inscritas em programa de acompanhamento multidisciplinar

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Silvia Veridiana Zamparoni Victorino

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo fue comprender percepciones sobre obesidad, a partir de perspectivas de niños obesos matriculados en programa de monitoreo multidisciplinario. Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, cualitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó en diciembre de 2013, con ocho niños acompañados por un grupo obesidad infante juvenil, en ciudad brasileña del noroeste paranaense, a través de entrevista semiestructurada. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido y emergieron cuatro categorías: “Obesidad en la visión infantil”; “Ser un niño obeso”; “Nutrición y práctica de ejercicio físico en la rutina del niño obeso»; y “Vivir con obesidad: implicaciones sociales y familiares para el niño”. Se constataron efectos negativos de la obesidad en la vida de niños, justificándose la importancia del seguimiento multidisciplinario a través de actividades grupales para atención integral. A la enfermería cabe el planeamiento de actividades de promoción de la salud y control de esta enfermedad para mejora de la calidad de vida.

Vestuário inteligente e o interface no tratamento da obesidade infantil

OpenAIRE

Dias, André José Santos

2011-01-01

O tema apresentado “Vestuário inteligente e o interface no tratamento da Obesidade infantil” contém um estudo sobre o aumento da obesidade na faixa etária dos 9 aos 14 anos de idade, aliado ao desenvolvimento de um produto na área de design de moda. Esta pesquisa é de grande importância, porque actualmente este problema de saúde tem apresentado um elevado número de crianças com excesso de peso. Este aumento deve-se a vários motivos dos quais podemos destacar os factores socioculturais, gen...

The jagged-2/notch-1/hes-1 pathway is involved in intestinal epithelium regeneration after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

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Guoqing Chen

Full Text Available Notch signaling plays a critical role in the maintenance of intestinal crypt epithelial cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Notch signaling in the proliferation and regeneration of intestinal epithelium after intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R injury.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham operation or I/R by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA for 20 min. Intestinal tissue samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after reperfusion. Proliferation of the intestinal epithelium was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch signaling components were examined using Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Immunofluorescence was also performed to detect the expression and location of Jagged-2, cleaved Notch-1, and Hes-1 in the intestine. Finally, the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT and the siRNA for Jagged-2 and Hes-1 were applied to investigate the functional role of Notch signaling in the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells in an in vitro IEC-6 culture system.I/R injury caused increased intestinal crypt epithelial cell proliferation and increased mRNA and protein expression of Jagged-2, Notch-1, and Hes-1. The immunofluorescence results further confirmed increased protein expression of Jagged-2, cleaved Notch-1, and Hes-1 in the intestinal crypts. The inhibition of Notch signaling with DAPT and the suppression of Jagged-2 and Hes-1 expression using siRNA both significantly inhibited the proliferation of IEC-6 cells.The Jagged-2/Notch-1/Hes-1 signaling pathway is involved in intestinal epithelium regeneration early after I/R injury by increasing crypt epithelial cell proliferation.

LAS CREENCIAS SOBRE OBESIDAD DE NIÑOS Y NIÑAS EN EDAD ESCOLAR Y LAS DE SUS PROGENITORES

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Hilda Patricia Núñez Rivas

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es evidenciar, mediante el método etnográfico, las creencias sobre la obesidad de niños y niñas en edad escolar y las de sus progenitores, pertenecientes a una escuela urbana y pública de San José, Costa Rica. Los resultados apuntan hacia las creencias negativas de la niñez respecto a sus pares con obesidad y sus implicaciones psicosociales y afectivas. En relación con los progenitores se señalan las causas y estrategias de control, las implicaciones de la obesidad, referente a enfermedades físicas y emocionales; el papel del hogar y de la escuela en su prevención. Se concluye que los niños y las niñas creen que la obesidad no es una enfermedad, sino u na expresión fenotípica, a la cual le dan grado de relatividad o de escala y la consideran no deseable, resultado que concuerda con la de sus progenitores. Las niñas participantes con obesidad expresaron sus posiciones de defensa y molestia, en relación con experiencias burlescas. Al contrario de sus hijos e hijas, la mayoría de los progenitores sí cree que la obesidad es una enfermedad o un problema de salud o de estética. Además, estiman que esta se controla utilizando una dieta saludable y equilibrada, dando consejos sobre las consecuencias físicas y emocionales de la obesidad y ofreciendo modelos de personas saludables. Por lo tanto, los progenitores y el personal docente creen que la escuela poco puede hacer respecto a la alimentación saludable del alumnado, pues el hogar es el lugar que tiene un papel primordial.

Fatores associados à obesidade em adolescentes Factors associated with obesity among adolescents

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Vania de Matos Fonseca

1998-12-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade na adolescência é um fator preditivo da obesidade no adulto. Assim, foram avaliados os fatores associados à obesidade e o uso do índice de massa morporal (IMC. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 391 estudantes aferindo-se: consumo de alimentos, hábitos alimentares, características antropométricas dos pais e atividade física. O IMC foi a variável dependente utilizada na regressão linear multivariada. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sobrepeso foi 23,9% para meninos e 7,2% para meninas. Fazer dieta para emagrecer foi 7 vezes mais freqüente entre meninas do que entre meninos com sobrepeso. Nos meninos, idade, uso de dieta, omissão de desjejum, horas de televisão/"vídeo-game" e obesidade familiar apresentaram associação positiva e significante com IMC. Nas meninas, associaram-se positivamente: uso de dieta, omissão de desjejum e obesidade familiar e negativamente idade da menarca. A correlação do IMC com medidas antropométricas foi maior que 0,7. CONCLUSÕES: Um padrão estético de magreza parece predominar entre meninas e elas o atingem com hábitos e consumo alimentar inadequados.INTRODUCTION: Obesity during adolescence is considered a strong predictor of adult obesity. The present study assessed the overweight/obesity prevalence and associated factors in middle class adolescents of a school in the city of Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and evaluated the correlation between body mass index with anthropometric measures of fatness. METHOD: The analysis covered 391 students aged from 15 to 17 years. Adolescents had their weight, height, skinfold thickness and upper arm circumference measured at school. A food frequency questionnaire (list of 79 items and a questionnaire including food habits, parents anthropometric characteristics, physical activity and other factors associated with obesity were filled out by the adolescents at school. RESULTS: The proportion of overweight individuals among boys (Body Mass Index

Sobrepeso, obesidad y hábitos de vida saludables en estudiantes universitarios de Enfermería de Palencia

OpenAIRE

Díez Polo, Teresa

2015-01-01

INTRODUCCIÓN: La obesidad ha sido declarada la gran epidemia del siglo XXI, afectando tanto a niños como adultos. Debemos concienciarnos de que los hábitos adquiridos durante la infancia perduran durante la edad adulta. Es necesario promover desde la escuela y la universidad, los hábitos de vida sana y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea ya que es un aliado en la lucha contra la obesidad. OBJETIVO: Analizar la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y hábitos de vida saludab...

ALTERNATIVAS BIOMOLECULARES EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA OBESIDAD

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Fernando Lizcano

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

Resumen

La obesidad se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública que cobija tanto a países desarrollados como a aquellos en vía de desarrollo. En la mayoría de los casos las políticas de salud no han tenido el efecto deseado para reducir la prevalencia de esta patología y muchos de los fármacos útiles para contrarrestar la obesidad no han podido continuar en el mercado debido a serios efectos secundarios. Algunas alternativas terapéuticas más agresivas como la cirugías reductivas han demostrado una utilidad restringida. Incluso, recientes observaciones han puesto de manifiesto las consecuencias a largo plazo de este tipo de intervenciones.

En la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias para el tratamiento de la obesidad se ha investigado, tanto en la propia célula grasa como en los genes que podrían ser modificados y cuya función está enfocada en regular el gasto calórico y la termogénesis adaptativa. Algunos de estos genes son modificados por factores de transcripción que pueden determinar la característica fenotípica de la célula grasa. Recientemente se ha observado que en la persona adulta es posible evidenciar vestigios de célula grasa parda que puede gastar energía en forma de calor y esta modificación podría ser una alternativa terapéutica en la obesidad. Nuestro grupo de investigación ha observado que mediante la modificación de la función de la proteína del retinoblastoma (pRb se pueden aumentar los genes que estimulan la pérdida calórica en el adipocito.

Palabras clave: Grasa Parda, Obesidad, transcripción, EID1, transdiferenciación

BIOMOLECULAR OPTIONS IN TREATING OBESITY

Abstract

Obesity is a public health issue for both developed and third world countries. Although many efforts have been made to reverse the trend of this prevalent pathology, no results have been obtained with public health policies in most cases. Furthermore, many medicines approved for

INFLUENCE OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN FABP3 AND LEPR GENES ON INTRAMUSCULAR FAT CONTENT IN PIG CARCASSES

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Kristina Budimir

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Intensive production conditions, selection directed to increase the percentage of muscle tissue in carcasses and consumer demand have led to a reduction of intramuscular fat content in pig carcasses. Intramuscular fat is a factor affecting the flavor, juiciness and tenderness of pork meat. FABP protein family causes the differences in the content of intramuscular fat in different pig breeds. FABP3 and LEPR gene are candidate genes for intramuscular fat content and their polymorphisms explain the variability that can occur in different pig breeds. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the influence of genes on different intramuscular fat content in pig carcasses due to pigs genotype.

Efeitos do consumo de amendoim com diferentes teores de ácido graxo oléico na permeabilidade intestinal e endotoxemia em homens com excesso de peso

OpenAIRE

Moreira, Ana Paula Boroni

2013-01-01

O consumo de amendoim tem sido relacionado a inúmeros benefícios à saúde. A frequência de consumo de amendoim tem se associado inversamente ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) e risco de obesidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do consumo de uma dieta hipocalórica contendo ou não amendoim na permeabilidade intestinal e na concentração de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) plasmático. Homens com excesso de peso (IMC entre 26-35 kg/m2) e idade entre 18-50 anos foram aleatoriamente alocados...

Prevalência e fatores associados ao sobrepeso e à obesidade em adolescentes Prevalence and factors associated to overweight and obesity in adolescents

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Nicole Gomes Terres

2006-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao sobrepeso e à obesidade em adolescentes de zona urbana. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional, realizado no município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, de 2001 a 2002. Adolescentes entre 15 e 18 anos de idade foram medidos, pesados e responderam a questionário auto-aplicável. De 90 setores sorteados, foram visitados 86 domicílios em cada setor, totalizando 960 adolescentes. A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade foi definida a partir do índice de massa corporal, mediante a utilização dos pontos de corte, ajustados à idade e ao sexo. Realizou-se análise multivariada com regressão de Poisson, considerando um modelo hierárquico das variáveis associadas ao sobrepeso e à obesidade. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sobrepeso e de obesidade foi 20,9% e 5%, respectivamente. A relação entre a obesidade e idade e escolaridade do adolescente foi inversa. Verificou-se associação de sobrepeso e obesidade com o relato de obesidade dos pais (p=0,03 e maturação sexual do adolescente (p=0,01. Os hábitos de fazer dieta e omitir refeições foram associados à obesidade, com riscos de 3,98 (IC 95%: 1,83-8,67 e 2,54 (IC 95%: 1,22-5,29, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade na região são preocupantes a despeito do comportamento dos adolescentes para prevenir a obesidade. É necessária a implantação de campanhas mais eficazes, direcionadas a orientar melhor os adolescentes.OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and factors associated to overweight and obesity in urban area adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in the municipality of Pelotas, Southern Brazil, between 2001 and 2002. Adolescents between 15 and 18 years old were weighed, measured and asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Of 90 areas drawn, 86 dwellings were visited in each area, comprising a total of 960 adolescents

Desigualdades de género en sobrepeso y obesidad entre indígenas chontales de Tabasco, México

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Marcelina Cruz-Sánchez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes: La obesidad se ha convertido en una epidemia global (OMS y, aunque se sabe que afecta por igual a toda la población, las mujeres aparecen con más obesidad y obesidad central. Se desconoce el porqué de este fenómeno, o si adquiere características específicas entre la población indígena. Objetivo: identificar las desigualdades de género que subyacen al fenómeno del cuerpo con sobrepeso y obesidad entre indígenas chontales de Tabasco. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo con entrevistas a profundidad a 15 informantes mujeres y hombres. La guía de entrevista contempló las categorías de: estilo de vida, pertenencia étnica, costumbres y hábitos de alimentación, usos y significados del cuerpo, así como normas de género. Las entrevistas fueron audio grabadas y transcritas. Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado por escrito para participar, así como la aprobación del comité de ética. Resultados: Entre la población estudiada, las mujeres presentan mayor sobrepeso y obesidad que sus pares varones, lo que se explica por las normas culturales y de género vigentes en la comunidad; el ejercicio está prohibido para ellas, los espacios públicos para prácticas deportivas son utilizados de manera exclusiva por los varones, las mujeres chontales, después de la maternidad, asumen que es “normal” ser gorda, la obesidad se considera herencia inevitable de los padres y no una enfermedad, la pérdida de peso no es deseable en ninguna etapa de la vida. Conclusiones: Las desigualdades de género son una importante condición para la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad entre las mujeres chontales. Los resultados de este estudio tienen implicaciones en la promoción de un estilo de vida saludable para la disminución de las tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad entre la población indígena y particularmente entre las mujeres.

Obesidad abdominal y ausentismo por causa médica en una empresa de la industria metalmecánica en Cali, Colombia

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Ricardo A Agredo Zúñiga

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de examinar la frecuencia de obesidad abdominal y el ausentismo laboral por causa médica, se realizó un estudio transversal en 185 varones pertenecientes a una industria metalmecánica. En ellos, además de datos sociodemográficos, se recogió datos antropométricos y se midió la circunferencia de cintura (CC en centímetros como indicador de obesidad abdominal. Se encontró, además de una alta frecuencia de obesidad abdominal (28,7%, que los trabajadores con obesidad abdominal presentaron mayor frecuencia, mayor tiempo y mayores costos por las incapacidades médicas. Se concluye que la obesidad abdominal en esta muestra fue altamente frecuente; no obstante, al tratarse de un riesgo reversible, las empresas podrían beneficiarse, en términos de ausentismo laboral, de programas preventivo promocionales destinados a controlar este problema.

A combined CXCL10, CXCL8 and H-FABP panel for the staging of human African trypanosomiasis patients.

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Alexandre Hainard

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, also known as sleeping sickness, is a parasitic tropical disease. It progresses from the first, haemolymphatic stage to a neurological second stage due to invasion of parasites into the central nervous system (CNS. As treatment depends on the stage of disease, there is a critical need for tools that efficiently discriminate the two stages of HAT. We hypothesized that markers of brain damage discovered by proteomic strategies and inflammation-related proteins could individually or in combination indicate the CNS invasion by the parasite.Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF originated from parasitologically confirmed Trypanosoma brucei gambiense patients. Patients were staged on the basis of CSF white blood cell (WBC count and presence of parasites in CSF. One hundred samples were analysed: 21 from stage 1 (no trypanosomes in CSF and 5 WBC/microL patients. The concentration of H-FABP, GSTP-1 and S100beta in CSF was measured by ELISA. The levels of thirteen inflammation-related proteins (IL-1ra, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, G-CSF, VEGF, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, CCL2, CCL4, CXCL8 and CXCL10 were determined by bead suspension arrays.CXCL10 most accurately distinguished stage 1 and stage 2 patients, with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 100%. Rule Induction Like (RIL analysis defined a panel characterized by CXCL10, CXCL8 and H-FABP that improved the detection of stage 2 patients to 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity.This study highlights the value of CXCL10 as a single biomarker for staging T. b. gambiense-infected HAT patients. Further combination of CXCL10 with H-FABP and CXCL8 results in a panel that efficiently rules in stage 2 HAT patients. As these molecules could potentially be markers of other CNS infections and disorders, these results should be validated in a larger multi-centric cohort including other inflammatory diseases such as cerebral malaria and active tuberculosis.

Cdx2 modulates proliferation in normal human intestinal epithelial crypt cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Escaffit, Fabrice; Pare, Frederic; Gauthier, Remy; Rivard, Nathalie; Boudreau, Francois; Beaulieu, Jean-Francois

2006-01-01

The homeobox gene Cdx2 is involved in the regulation of the expression of intestine specific markers such as sucrase-isomaltase and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase. Previous studies performed with immortalized or transformed intestinal cell lines have provided evidence that Cdx2 can promote morphological and functional differentiation in these experimental models. However, no data exist concerning the implication of this factor in normal human intestinal cell physiology. In the present work, we have investigated the role of Cdx2 in normal human intestinal epithelial crypt (HIEC) cells that lack this transcription factor. The establishment of HIEC cells expressing Cdx2 in an inducible manner shows that forced expression of Cdx2 significantly alters the proliferation of intestinal crypt cells and stimulates dipeptidylpeptidase IV expression but is not sufficient to trigger intestinal terminal differentiation. These observations suggest that Cdx2 requires additional factors to activate the enterocyte differentiation program in normal undifferentiated cells

ADIPOQUINAS EN EL NIÑO SANO Y AFECTO DE OBESIDAD

Science.gov (United States)

Martos-Moreno, G.A.; Kopchick, J.J.; Argente, y J.

2015-01-01

El incremento universal de la prevalencia de obesidad en niños y adolescentes durante las últimas décadas, junto con la evidencia creciente de que el establecimiento de obesidad en etapas precoces de la vida está asociado con un incremento de la prevalencia de comorbilidades y del riesgo de muerte prematura, con gran repercusión económica en los sistemas sanitarios de los países occidentales, ha impulsado la investigación en este área. Estos estudios han remarcado la importante actividad endocrina del tejido adiposo, ejercida por medio de la síntesis y secreción de un gran número de péptidos y citoquinas, denominados adipoquinas. En esta revisión se resume el estado actual de los conocimientos, así como los estudios más relevantes, en relación con la dinámica de secreción de las principales adipoquinas en niños, centrándose en el control de la homeostasis energética, regulación metabólica (fundamentalmente, metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono) e inflamación. Asímismo, se analizan las particularidades de la síntesis, secreción y acciones de las adipoquinas desde el nacimiento hasta la adolescencia, reseñando el efecto que, sobre ellas, ejerce la instauración de la obesidad. PMID:23228441

GLP-2 levels in infants with intestinal dysfunction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sigalet, David L; Martin, Gary; Meddings, Jon

2004-01-01

production. GLP-2 levels were well correlated with tolerance of enteral feeds. Contradicting the initial hypothesis, GLP-2 levels were directly correlated with nutrient absorptive capacity (correlation with fat absorption: r2 = 0.72, carbohydrate = 0.50 and protein = 0.54 respectively). There were...... identified with nutrient malabsorption following intestinal surgery were monitored and after initiation of feeds GLP-2 levels were measured in the fed state. Intestinal length was recorded intraoperatively and nutrient absorption was quantified using both a balance study, and carbohydrate probe method. 12...... infants had GLP-2 levels successfully measured; two patients had repeated studies. Average gestational age was 32.7 +/- 3.4 wk, age at testing was 1.7 +/- 1.4 mo and average weight was 3.5 +/- 1.1 kg. Causes of intestinal loss were necrotizing enterocolitis, atresia and volvulus. Five patients had severe...

¿Pueden los ácidos grasos omega 3 y 6 contrarrestar los efectos negativos de la obesidad en la gestación?

OpenAIRE

Escobar H,Johana; Estrada A,Lina; Gómez G,Lina; Gil V,Aura María; Cadavid J,Angela

2013-01-01

La obesidad se define como el exceso de grasa corporal que pone en peligro la salud, aumentando la morbilidad y la mortalidad de la población. El índice de masa corporal es el indicador más usado para la determinación de la obesidad, y durante el embarazo se calcula de acuerdo a las modificaciones de Rosso-Mardones. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la prevalencia de la obesidad en el embarazo oscila desde 1,8 hasta 25,3%, y la obesidad antes y durante la gestación constituye un impo...

El sobrepeso y la obesidad como un problema de salud

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Dr. Arteaga L. Antonio

2012-03-01

Se discute en forma separada la asociación entre sobrepeso y obesidad en la infancia y adolescencia y salud, en especial su posible rol en la incidencia de patologías crónicas al alcanzar la adultez

The role of CDX2 in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Coskun, Mehmet; Troelsen, Jesper Thorvald; Nielsen, Ole Haagen

2011-01-01

a causal role in a large number of diseases and developmental disorders. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a chronically inflamed mucosa caused by dysregulation of the intestinal immune homeostasis. The aetiology of IBD is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors......, including luminal bacteria. The Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) is critical in early intestinal differentiation and has been implicated as a master regulator of the intestinal homeostasis and permeability in adults. When expressed, CDX2 modulates a diverse set of processes including...... of the intestinal homeostasis and further to reveal its potential role in inflammation....

Obesidad en la infancia: Diagnóstico y tratamiento

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Georgina María Zayas Torriente

2002-09-01

Full Text Available Se trata de abordar el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la obesidad en los niños y adolescentes, pues la obesidad es una afección reemergente en la población infantil y se estima que alrededor de 1/3 de todos los niños son obesos, de ahí la importancia de un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento oportuno. Además preocupa el incremento notorio de los factores ambientales responsables de su determinismo, así como los problemas psicosociales, ortopédicos y de diversa índole que la acompañan. La obesidad es un factor de riesgo asociado en la génesis o desarrollo de las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles, por lo tanto es necesario mejorar el conocimiento en el diagnóstico e institucionalizar programas comunitarios para su tratamiento y prevención.The diagnosis and treatment of obesity in children and adolescents are dealt with in this paper, since obesity is considered as a reemerging affection in the infant population. It is estimated that approximately one third of all children are obese and that’s why its early diagnosis and timely treatment are so important. Besides, the significant increase of the environmental factors responsible for its determinisn, as well as the psychosocial and orthopedic problems and others of diverse nature accompanying it have arisen a lot of concern. Obesity is a risk factor associated with the genesis or development of non-communicable chronic diseases; therefore, it is necessary to improve the knowledge about its diagnosis and to institutionalize community programs for its treatment and prevention.

Fitoterapia como coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la obesidad

OpenAIRE

López-Regueiro, Sofía; Ramos Sáiz, Eva María; López-Picado, Amanda; Burgos-Alonso, Natalia; Arana-Salaberría, Ainara

2012-01-01

La obesidad es uno de los problemas de salud más importantes a nivel mundial debido a su relación con numerosas patologías como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, la hipertensión y el aumento importante en el riesgo cardiovascular. La base del tratamiento es la dieta y el ejercicio físico, pero en muchos casos no es sufi ciente y es necesario combinarlo con tratamiento farmacológico. Recientemente se ha retirado sibutramina del mercado por lo que sólo se dispone de orlistat, que no está exento de c...

Edorexia y deporte: Una concepción acerca de la obesidad y la adicción a la comida

OpenAIRE

López Morales, José Luis; Garcés de los Fayos Ruiz, Enrique Javier

2012-01-01

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la dieta hipocalórica y el deporte en el tratamiento de la obesidad y sus componentes como la adicción a la comida. El deporte es una de las herramientas más utilizadas para tratar enfermedades como la obesidad. Sin embargo, los últimos avances en la Psicología concluyen como la obesidad oculta un problema de control de impulsos relacionado con el apetito. En este estudio se deduce como la dieta hipocalórica y el deporte tiene efectos secundarios y no...

Tendencia de la prevalencia de la obesidad infantil y adolescente en Oviedo durante las décadas 1992-2012

OpenAIRE

Llada Suárez, Rubén

2014-01-01

Los últimos cálculos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, OMS (2012) estiman que la obesidad ha alcanzado proporciones epidémicas a nivel mundial, existiendo consenso internacional en considerar que la obesidad infantil es uno de los problemas de salud pública más graves del siglo XXI. La obesidad infantil tiene importantes repercusiones sobre la calidad de vida del niño acarreando múltiples comorbilidades si persiste en la edad adulta. Entre las principales patologías asociadas a la o...

Commensal Streptococcus salivarius Modulates PPARγ Transcriptional Activity in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

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Benoît Couvigny

Full Text Available The impact of commensal bacteria in eukaryotic transcriptional regulation has increasingly been demonstrated over the last decades. A multitude of studies have shown direct effects of commensal bacteria from local transcriptional activity to systemic impact. The commensal bacterium Streptococcus salivarius is one of the early bacteria colonizing the oral and gut mucosal surfaces. It has been shown to down-regulate nuclear transcription factor (NF-кB in human intestinal cells, a central regulator of the host mucosal immune system response to the microbiota. In order to evaluate its impact on a further important transcription factor shown to link metabolism and inflammation in the intestine, namely PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, we used human intestinal epithelial cell-lines engineered to monitor PPARγ transcriptional activity in response to a wide range of S. salivarius strains. We demonstrated that different strains from this bacterial group share the property to inhibit PPARγ activation independently of the ligand used. First attempts to identify the nature of the active compounds showed that it is a low-molecular-weight, DNase-, proteases- and heat-resistant metabolite secreted by S. salivarius strains. Among PPARγ-targeted metabolic genes, I-FABP and Angptl4 expression levels were dramatically reduced in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to S. salivarius supernatant. Both gene products modulate lipid accumulation in cells and down-regulating their expression might consequently affect host health. Our study shows that species belonging to the salivarius group of streptococci impact both host inflammatory and metabolic regulation suggesting a possible role in the host homeostasis and health.

Relação entre apego e obesidade: revisão sistemática da literatura = Relationship between attachment and obesity: a systematic literature review = La relación entre apego y obesidad: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

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Cruz, Suélen Henriques da

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Além de dieta inadequada e sedentarismo, fatores psicológicos podem estar envolvidos na etiologia da obesidade, incluindo incapacidade de controlar emoções que surgem em momentos de estresse. Nesse caso, o ato de comer se torna uma forma de coping contra as emoções negativas. Esse estudo objetivou investigar a associação entre apego e obesidade, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, realizada em Julho de 2014, sem limitação de tempo, nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO e LILACS. Foram incluídos no estudo 16 artigos, e a relação entre apego inseguro e obesidade foi mencionada por todos eles. A Teoria do Apego pode ser uma abordagem particularmente útil para o entendimento do “comer emocional” e da obesidade

Peso bajo, sobrepeso, obesidad y crecimiento en adolescentes en el Perú 2009-2010

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Jaime Pajuelo R

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Introducción: El grupo de adolescentes representan, de alguna manera, la quinta parte de la población y no se encuentran al margen de los problemas nutricionales. Objetivos: Conocer la situación nutricional, el crecimiento y algunos factores determinantes, en adolescentes en el Perú. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal. Participantes: Adolescentes. Intervenciones: En 14 753 adolescentes de 10 a 19 años se obtuvo el peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC. Se utilizó la referencia percentilar de Must y los puntajes Z de OMS. Principales medidas de resultados: Promedios y DE. Prevalencias IC 95%. OR IC 95%. Chi-cuadrado y regresión múltiple. Resultados: Se encontró prevalencias de 2,6; 5,9; 79; 9,3 y 3,2 (Must; 0,2; 1,1; 82,6; 12,5; 3,5% (OMS de déficit, peso bajo, normal, sobrepeso y obesidad, respectivamente. Predominó el sobrepeso-obesidad en áreas urbanas, en los no pobres, en la costa, selva y Lima Metropolitana, en los que vivían por debajo de 3 000 msnm. Los factores de riesgo para el déficit-bajo peso fueron: género masculino, pobres extremos, pobres no extremos, vivir en la costa norte y sierra centro, y como factor protector los que estaban por debajo de los 1 000 msnm. Los factores de riesgo del sobrepeso-obesidad fueron el vivir en áreas urbanas, costa sur y por debajo de los 1 000 msnm, los que vivían entre los 1 000 y 2 999 msnm; y los factores de protección fueron el ser pobre extremo, el pobre no extremo, vivir en costa norte, sierra norte, sierra centro y sierra sur y selva. El 28,5% presentó retardo de crecimiento (adolescentes de 10 a 17 años. Los factores de riesgo del retardo de crecimiento fueron: vivir en áreas rurales, en la mayoría de los dominios geográficos excepto la costa sur, los niveles de pobreza (extrema y no extrema, los niveles de altitud (1 000 a 2 999 y más de 3 000 msnm. Conclusiones: El sobrepeso-obesidad es el problema de mayor magnitud en los adolescentes

Obesidad, cambio de peso y desarrollo de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico

OpenAIRE

Barceló López, Marta

2012-01-01

El marcado incremento de la prevalencia de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE), y obesidad en los últimos 40 años en países industrializados ha sugerido la existencia de una correlación entre estos dos trastornos. La hipótesis de este trabajo es que el desarrollo de ERGE es más probable cuando existe un incremento de peso corporal, y que la asociación entre obesidad y ERGE es probablemente sólo consecuencia de esta ganancia de peso, que es lo que conduce a ambas condiciones. Los ...

Lactancia materna como factor protector de la obesidad infantil y en edades futuras

OpenAIRE

González López, Tamara

2016-01-01

Introducción: la lactancia materna (LM) previene numerosas enfermedades, tanto del niño como de la madre, y previene la obesidad del niño, tanto en la infancia, como en las demás etapas de la vida. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es analizar el valor de la lactancia materna como factor protector frente al sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil y edades futuras. Método: Se ha efectuado una búsqueda sistemática y se han obtenido más de 100 documentos diferentes sobre el tema. Aplic...

Contribution of intestinal barrier damage, microbial translocation and HIV-1 infection status to an inflammaging signature.

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Amanda K Steele

Full Text Available Systemic inflammation is a characteristic of both HIV-1 infection and aging ("inflammaging". Intestinal epithelial barrier damage (IEBD and microbial translocation (MT contribute to HIV-associated inflammation, but their impact on inflammaging remains unclear.Plasma biomarkers for IEBD (iFABP, MT (LPS, sCD14, T-cell activation (sCD27, and inflammation (hsCRP, IL-6 were measured in 88 HIV-1 uninfected (HIV(neg and 83 treated, HIV-1-infected (HIV(pos adults from 20-100 years old.Age positively correlated with iFABP (r = 0.284, p = 0.008, sCD14 (r = 0.646, p = <0.0001 and LPS (r = 0.421, p = 0.0002 levels in HIV(neg but not HIV(pos subjects. Age also correlated with sCD27, hsCRP, and IL-6 levels regardless of HIV status. Middle-aged HIV(pos subjects had elevated plasma biomarker levels similar to or greater than those of elderly HIV(neg subjects with the exception of sCD14. Clustering analysis described an inflammaging phenotype (IP based on iFABP, sCD14, sCD27, and hsCRP levels in HIV(neg subjects over 60 years of age. The IP in HIV(neg subjects was used to develop a classification model that was applied to HIV(pos subjects to determine whether HIV(pos subjects under 60 years of age were IP+. HIV(pos IP+ subjects were similar in age to IP- subjects but had a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD based on Framingham risk score (p =  0.01.We describe a novel IP that incorporates biomarkers of IEBD, MT, immune activation as well as inflammation. Application of this novel IP in HIV-infected subjects identified a group at higher risk of CVD.

Prevention of gastrointestinal injury by using glutamine in cardiac surgery

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С. М. Ефремов

2015-10-01

Full Text Available A pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of perioperative administration of glutamine to preserve intestinal integrity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. 24 patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass were included in this prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled pilot study. 12 patients were randomized to receive glutamine (20% solution of N(2-L-alanyl-L-glutamine 0.4 g/kg a day, while the remaining 12 patients received an equivalent placebo dose (0.9% solution of NaCl. Infusion of glutamine/placebo was started after the induction of anesthesia and was continued for 24 hours. The primary end-point was dynamics of plasma concentration of a specific marker of intestinal damage, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP. The secondary end-points were liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP, alpha glutathione s-transferase (aGST, heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70. There were no between-group differences of all the studied biochemical parameters at any stage of the study. Plasma I-FABP levels (median [25-75 percentile] were markedly elevated during CPB and remained the same postoperatively: 962 (577-2 067 and 883 (444-1 625 г/ml 5 min after un-clamping of aorta, 2203 (888-3 429 and 1 560 (506-2 657 г/ml 2 hours post-bypass, 897 (555-1 424 and 794 (505-951 г/ml 6 hours post-bypass in the GLN and control groups respectively. Perioperative administration of glutamine in dose of 0.4 g/kg a day does not appear to preserve intestinal integrity in low risk cardiac surgery patients.

Efectos del ejercicio en condiciones de normopeso y obesidad : Estudios en animales y humanos /

OpenAIRE

Cigarroa Cuevas, Igor Iván,

2016-01-01

El objetivo principal de la tesis fue evaluar, en estudios con animales y humanos, el impacto que tiene la práctica de ejercicio físico sobre variables conductuales, metabólicas y nutricionales, considerando diferencias de género en individuos de peso normal o con sobrepeso/obesidad. En los estudios con animales, se usaron ratas macho y hembra adultas de peso normal o con obesidad inducida por dieta (OID). Las ratas fueron entrenadas a una intensidad moderada (12 metros/minutos) y más alta (1...

HDAC1 and HDAC2 restrain the intestinal inflammatory response by regulating intestinal epithelial cell differentiation.

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Naomie Turgeon

Full Text Available Acetylation and deacetylation of histones and other proteins depends on histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs activities, leading to either positive or negative gene expression. HDAC inhibitors have uncovered a role for HDACs in proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation. However, little is known of the roles of specific HDACs in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC. We investigated the consequences of ablating both HDAC1 and HDAC2 in murine IECs. Floxed Hdac1 and Hdac2 homozygous mice were crossed with villin-Cre mice. Mice deficient in both IEC HDAC1 and HDAC2 weighed less and survived more than a year. Colon and small intestinal sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, or with Alcian blue and Periodic Acid Schiff for goblet cell identification. Tissue sections from mice injected with BrdU for 2 h, 14 h and 48 h were stained with anti-BrdU. To determine intestinal permeability, 4-kDa FITC-labeled dextran was given by gavage for 3 h. Microarray analysis was performed on total colon RNAs. Inflammatory and IEC-specific gene expression was assessed by Western blot or semi-quantitative RT-PCR and qPCR with respectively total colon protein and total colon RNAs. HDAC1 and HDAC2-deficient mice displayed: 1 increased migration and proliferation, with elevated cyclin D1 expression and phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein, a downstream mTOR target; 2 tissue architecture defects with cell differentiation alterations, correlating with reduction of secretory Paneth and goblet cells in jejunum and goblet cells in colon, increased expression of enterocytic markers such as sucrase-isomaltase in the colon, increased expression of cleaved Notch1 and augmented intestinal permeability; 3 loss of tissue homeostasis, as evidenced by modifications of claudin 3 expression, caspase-3 cleavage and Stat3 phosphorylation; 4 chronic inflammation, as determined by inflammatory molecular expression signatures and altered inflammatory gene expression

Imbalance of gut microbiome and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with high blood pressure.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Seungbum; Goel, Ruby; Kumar, Ashok; Qi, Yanfei; Lobaton, Gil; Hosaka, Koji; Mohammed, Mohammed; Handberg, Eileen M; Richards, Elaine M; Pepine, Carl J; Raizada, Mohan K

2018-03-30

Recent evidence indicates a link between gut pathology and microbiome with hypertension (HTN) in animal models. However, whether this association exists in humans is unknown. Thus, our objectives in the present study were to test the hypotheses that high blood pressure (BP) patients have distinct gut microbiomes and that gut-epithelial barrier function markers and microbiome composition could predict systolic BP (SBP). Fecal samples, analyzed by shotgun metagenomics, displayed taxonomic and functional changes, including altered butyrate production between patients with high BP and reference subjects. Significant increases in plasma of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and augmented gut-targetting proinflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells in high BP patients demonstrated increased intestinal inflammation and permeability. Zonulin, a gut epithelial tight junction protein regulator, was markedly elevated, further supporting gut barrier dysfunction in high BP. Zonulin strongly correlated with SBP (R 2 = 0.5301, P <0.0001). Two models predicting SBP were built using stepwise linear regression analysis of microbiome data and circulating markers of gut health, and validated in a separate cohort by prediction of SBP from zonulin in plasma (R 2 = 0.4608, P <0.0001). The mouse model of HTN, chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion, was used to confirm the effects of butyrate and gut barrier function on the cardiovascular system and BP. These results support our conclusion that intestinal barrier dysfunction and microbiome function are linked to HTN in humans. They suggest that manipulation of gut microbiome and its barrier functions could be the new therapeutic and diagnostic avenues for HTN. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.

Representaciones de apego de niños y niñas con obesidad y la respuesta sensible de sus madres

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Andrea Tognarelli Guzmán

2012-12-01

Full Text Available En el presente estudio se establecieron relaciones entre la respuesta materna sensible, el apego y la obesidad infantil. El diseño fue de tipo descriptivo-exploratorio, se utilizó entrevista semiestructurada, el Child Attachment Interview y observación no participante. Los resultados señalan que los niños(as con obesidad presentan un apego inseguro y que la madre responde con un desacoplamiento frente a las necesidades del hijo; la emisión de respuestas de negación del problema, descuido, invalidación de la experiencia subjetiva y falta de sensibilidad para detectar el hambre y la saciedad del hijo, se relacionan con la obesidad. Se concluye que la intervención en obesidad debe incluir la relación afectiva madre-hijo y se proyecta la posibilidad de prevención del trastorno.

Fatores que influenciam a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em estudantes adolescentes

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Camelo, Eduardo de Moura

2013-01-01

O sobrepeso e a obesidade têm apresentado hoje no mundo um problema de saúde pública na população adulta, mas também com uma alta prevalência em jovens e adolescentes. Nas últimas décadas, as crianças tornaram-se menos ativas, fazendo uso da tecnologia. Uma relação entre a inatividade, como por exemplo, o tempo gasto assistindo televisão e o aumento da adiposidade em escolares vem sendo observada. A atividade física ajuda a diminuir o risco de obesidade, atuando na regulação do balanço energé...

Dieta, obesidad y sedentarismo como factores de riesgo del cáncer de mama

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Carlos Antonio Oliva Anaya

Full Text Available El cáncer de mama es la primera causa de muerte por tumores malignos entre las mujeres. Una dieta no saludable, el sedentarismo y la obesidad son factores de riesgo importantes para padecer cáncer de mama, sobre todo en mujeres posmenopáusicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar los estudios epidemiológicos más relevantes sobre dieta, obesidad y cáncer de mama en las mujeres. Se estableció una estrategia de información, educación y comunicación social como apoyo a las acciones del Programa Nacional de Control de Cáncer Mamario. Para la prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad e incidencia de cáncer de mama es necesario actividades de educación nutricional, para producir cambios en los patrones y hábitos alimentarios y por consiguiente de estilos de vida, que promuevan una dieta más variada y el aumento del ejercicio físico, entre otros aspectos.

Indicadores antropométricos de obesidade como instrumento de triagem para risco coronariano elevado em adultos na cidade de Salvador - Bahia

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Pitanga Francisco José Gondim

2005-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Comparar vários indicadores antropométricos de obesidade e identificar dentre eles qual melhor discrimina o risco coronariano elevado (RCE. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, com amostra composta por 968 adultos de 30 a 74 anos de idade, sendo 391 (40,4% do sexo masculino. Foram construídas diversas curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC e comparadas às áreas sob as mesmas entre o índice de conicidade (índice C, índice de massa corporal (IMC, razão circunferência cintura-quadril (RCCQ, circunferência de cintura (CC e RCE. Verificou-se também a sensibilidade e especificidade para identificar e comparar o melhor ponto de corte entre os diversos indicadores de obesidade para discriminar o RCE. Foi utilizado intervalo de confiança a 95%. RESULTADOS: A maior área sob a curva ROC foi encontrada entre o índice C e RCE, em indivíduos do sexo masculino, 0,80 (0,74-0,85, diferindo significativamente dos demais indicadores de obesidade. Em mulheres, a maior área sob a curva ROC encontrada foi de 0,76 (0,71-0,81, sendo iguais entre índice C, RCCQ e RCE. CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados demonstram que o índice C e RCCQ são os melhores indicadores de obesidade para discriminar RCE. A CC tem intermediário poder discriminatório e o IMC foi o indicador antropométrico de obesidade menos adequado para discriminar RCE. Estes dados sugerem que os indicadores de obesidade abdominal são melhores para discriminar RCE que os indicadores de obesidade generalizada.

Verification of an immunoturbidimetric assay for heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) on a clinical chemistry platform and establishment of the upper reference limit.

Science.gov (United States)

Da Molin, Simona; Cappellini, Fabrizio; Falbo, Rosanna; Signorini, Stefano; Brambilla, Paolo

2014-11-01

Heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) is an early biomarker of cardiac injury. Randox Laboratories developed an immunoturbidimetric H-FABP assay for non-proprietary automated clinical chemistry analysers that could be useful in the emergency department. We verified the analytical performances claimed by Randox Laboratories on Roche Cobas 6000 clinical chemistry platform in use in our laboratory, and we defined our own 99th percentile upper reference limit for H-FABP. For the verification of method performances, we used pools of spared patient samples from routine and two levels of quality control material, while samples for the reference value study were collected from 545 blood donors. Following CLSI guidelines we verified limit of blank (LOB), limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), repeatability and within-laboratory precision, trueness, linearity, and the stability of H-FABP in EDTA over 24h. The LOQ (3.19 μg/L) was verified with a CV% of 10.4. The precision was verified for the low (mean 5.88 μg/L, CV=6.7%), the medium (mean 45.28 μg/L, CV=3.0%), and the high concentration (mean 88.81 μg/L, CV=4.0%). The trueness was verified as well as the linearity over the indicated measurement interval of 0.747-120 μg/L. The H-FABP in EDTA samples is stable throughout 24h both at room temperature and at 4 °C. The H-FABP 99th percentile upper reference limit for all subjects (3.60 μg/L, 95% CI 3.51-3.77) is more appropriate than gender-specific ones that are not statistically different. Copyright © 2014 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Personal Retrospective: Elevating Anandamide (AEA by Targeting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH and the Fatty Acid Binding Proteins (FABPs

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Dale Deutsch

2016-10-01

Full Text Available This perspective was adapted from a Career Achievement Award talk given at the International Cannabinoid Research Society Symposium in Bukovina, Poland on June 27, 2016. As a biochemist working in the neurosciences, I was always fascinated with neurotransmitter inactivation. In 1993 we identified an enzyme activity that breaks down anandamide. We called the enzyme anandamide amidase, now called FAAH. We and other laboratories developed FAAH inhibitors that were useful reagents that also proved to have beneficial physiological effects and, until recently, new generations of inhibitors were in clinical trials. Nearly all neurotransmitters are water soluble and, as such, require a transmembrane protein transporter to pass through the lipid membrane for inactivation inside the cell. However, using model systems, we and others have shown that this is unnecessary for anandamide, an uncharged hydrophobic molecule that readily diffuses across the cellular membrane. Interestingly, its uptake is driven by the concentration gradient resulting from its breakdown mainly by FAAH localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. We identified the FABPs as intracellular carriers that solubilize anandamide, transporting anandamide to FAAH. Compounds that bind to FABPs block AEA breakdown, raising its level. The cannabinoids (THC and CBD also were discovered to bind FABPs and this may be one of the mechanisms by which CBD works in childhood epilepsy, raising anandamide levels. Targeting FABPs may be advantageous since they have some tissue specificity and do not require reactive serine hydrolase inhibitors, as does FAAH, with potential for off-target reactions.

Relação entre leptina, obesidade e exercício físico

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Priscila Correa Freitas

2013-12-01

Full Text Available A obesidade é uma doença complexa, com etiologia multifatorial, que afeta todas as idades e classes sociais. No Brasil, o crescimento da obesidade e sobrepeso é preocupante, sendo o Rio Grande do Sul (RS o estado com os maiores índices. O tecido adiposo é responsável pela síntese de leptina, um hormônio participante da inibição da fome via hipotálamo. O excesso de peso na obesidade eleva a síntese hormonal dos adipócitos e, consequentemente, os níveis plasmáticos de leptina. Contudo, a demasiada estimulação da leptina em seus receptores centrais origina uma resistência à sua ação no organismo. Assim, este excesso acarreta um desequilíbrio entre a ingestão de alimentos e o gasto energético, além de efeitos pró-inflamatórios. A perda de peso é capaz de reestabelecer este equilíbrio, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. O treinamento físico vem sendo estudado como uma alternativa não farmacológica para essa modulação, entretanto muitos resultados controversos são encontrados. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar a relação da leptina com a obesidade e sua modulação pelo exercício, por meio de uma revisão em torno de artigos científicos sobre este tema.

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade infantil em instituições de ensino: públicas vs. privadas

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João Marcelo de Queiroz Miranda

2015-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: dados epidemiológicos indicam que a obesidade infantil está aumentando na população brasileira e é apontada como um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento precoce de doenças crônicas. A obesidade tem sido caracterizada pelo aumento do tecido adiposo e do peso corporal. OBJETIVO: diagnosticar e comparar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares da rede pública EPU e privada EPR. Além disso, foi feita uma correlação entre o IMC e o percentual de gordura corporal em crianças de ambos os sexos. MÉTODOS: foram avaliadas variáveis antropométricas IMC e DOC de meninos n = 91 e meninas n = 109 entre 8 e 10 anos de idade. Foi observada maior prevalência de sobrepeso em meninos 19,6% e meninas 25,5% da EPR em comparação com meninos 6,7% e meninas 8,1% da EPU. O nível de obesidade também foi maior em meninos 34,8% e meninas 31,9% da EPR quando comparado com meninos 6,7% e meninas 6,5% da EPU. Obteve-se correlação positiva entre as variáveis de IMC e percentual de gordura corporal de meninos r = 0,82 e meninas r = 0,85. RESULTADOS: os resultados sugerem que, apesar do aumento em todas as classes sociais, o sobrepeso e a obesidade mostram-se mais presentes naqueles com poder econômico maior, verificando-se, portanto, uma relação socioeconômica. Essa constatação pode levar a um estado de saúde mais próximo do polo negativo. CONCLUSÃO: a análise do IMC demonstrou ser um índice para determinação eficiente de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças.

Sobrepeso materno y obesidad en escolares mexicanos: encuesta nacional de nutrición, 1999 Maternal overweight and obesity in Mexican school-age children: national nutrition survey, 1999

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Mario Flores

2005-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Evaluar el sobrepeso y la obesidad maternos como factores de riesgo de sobrepeso u obesidad en niños mexicanos de edad escolar (5 a 11 años que participaron en la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición de 1999 (ENN 99. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se empleó información recolectada por la ENN 99 para evaluar la relación entre el sobrepeso y obesidad maternos y el sobrepeso u obesidad en niños en edad escolar. Se usó análisis de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Se estudió a un total de 9 259 niños de 5 a 11 años, de los cuales 19% presentó sobrepeso u obesidad, de acuerdo con la clasificación de Cole. Un 39% de las madres de los niños estudiados tuvo sobrepeso y 26.4% presentó obesidad. Los hijos de madres con sobrepeso tuvieron 1.9 veces más riesgo de ser obesos (IC95% 1.62-2.18, y los hijos de madres con obesidad tuvieron 3.4 veces más riesgo de serlo (IC95% 2.96-4.00, en comparación con los niños cuyas madres tenían un IMC normal, ajustando por edad, sexo, escolaridad de la madre, talla de la madre, residencia urbana o rural, región, condiciones socioeconómicas e indigenismo. CONCLUSIONES: El sobrepeso y la obesidad maternos son factores de riesgo de sobrepeso u obesidad en niños mexicanos en edad escolar. Deben dirigirse intervenciones para promover cambios en los estilos de vida en el ámbito intrafamiliar y modificar ambientes obesigénicos.OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of maternal overweight and obesity as risk factors for overweight and obesity in Mexican school-age children (5 to 11 years old who participated in the National Nutrition Survey 1999 (NNS-99. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information obtained by the NNS-99 was used to evaluate the relationship between maternal overweight and obesity and overweight or obesity in school-age children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: A total of 9 259 children were studied. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 19%, according to the criteria

OBESIDAD EN MUJERES EN EDAD FERTIL Y RIESGO PERINATAL (PEG, GEG, BPN, PRE-TERMINO, MACROSOMIA Y CESAREA): UN ESTUDIO ECOLOGICO EN CHILE

OpenAIRE

ARAYA BANNOUT; MARCELA AGUISTINA; ARAYA BANNOUT; MARCELA AGUSTINA

2012-01-01

Antecedentes: La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica no transmisible que incrementa el riesgo de desarrollar hipertensión arterial, diabetes tipo II y dislipidemias en la población general1 • En la embarazada aumenta la probabilidad de desarrollar patologías como diabetes gestacional, hipertensión y pre-eclampsia2-5 e incrementa el riesgo de tener un parto por cesárea. Mientras en el recién nacido, la obesidad materna, aumenta el riesgo de ser grande para la edad gestacional (GEG),...

Intestinal Serotonin Transporter Inhibition by Toll-Like Receptor 2 Activation. A Feedback Modulation.

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Eva Latorre

Full Text Available TLR2 is a microbiota recognition receptor that has been described to contribute to intestinal homeostasis and to ameliorate inflammatory intestinal injury. In this context, serotonin (5-HT has shown to be an essential intestinal physiological neuromodulator that is also involved in intestinal inflammatory diseases. Since the interaction between TLR2 activation and the intestinal serotoninergic system remains non-investigated, our main aim was to analyze the effect of TLR2 on intestinal serotonin transporter (SERT activity and expression and the intracellular pathways involved. Caco-2/TC7 cells were used to analyze SERT and TLR2 molecular expression and SERT activity by measuring 5-HT uptake. The results showed that apical TLR2 activation inhibits SERT activity in Caco-2/TC7 cells mainly by reducing SERT protein level either in the plasma membrane, after short-term TLR2 activation or in both the plasma membrane and cell lysate, after long-term activation. cAMP/PKA pathway appears to mediate short-term inhibitory effect of TLR2 on SERT; however, p38 MAPK pathway has been shown to be involved in both short- and long-term TLR2 effect. Reciprocally, 5-HT long-term treatment yielded TLR2 down regulation in Caco-2/TC7 cells. Finally, results from in vivo showed an augmented intestinal SERT expression in mice Tlr2-/-, thus confirming our inhibitory effect of TLR2 on intestinal SERT in vitro. The present work infers that TLR2 may act in intestinal pathophysiology, not only by its inherent innate immune role, but also by regulating the intestinal serotoninergic system.

Intervención multidisciplinar y no competitiva en el ámbito de la salud pública para el tratamiento del sedentarismo, el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil: Programa NEREU

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Noemí Serra-Paya

2014-09-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar si el Programa Nereu tiene un impacto favorable en la actividad física (AF, las conductas seden-tarias y el grado de obesidad en niños poco activos con sobrepeso y obesidad, como herramienta de intervención en salud pública para el tratamiento de la obesidad infantil. El diseño del estudio fue prospectivo longitudinal con posttest a los 9 meses y consistió en AF para niñas y niños con componentes conductuales, sesiones de hábitos saludables para los padres y estrategias de comportamiento para ambos. Participaron ochenta y seis niños (10,65 ± 2 años poco activos y con sobrepeso u obesidad según los criterios de la International Obesity Task Force (IOTF y sus padres. AF, conductas sedentarias y adiposidad se midieron al inicio y 9 meses después de la intervención. Al finalizar, los sujetos del estudio declararon pasar más tiempo (p < 0,01 en actividades de intensidad moderada (2,4 ± 5,3 h · semana-1 y alta intensidad (3,1 ± 1,62 h · semana-1 y menos tiempo (p < 0,001 en actividades sedentarias (5,4 ± 6,3 h · semana-1. La puntuación z del IMC se redujo en 0,2 ± 0,29 unidades (p < 0,001. Estos resultados indican un cambio positivo en los hábitos de AF, las conductas sedentarias y la puntuación z del IMC en niños poco activos con sobrepeso y obesidad. Esta intervención podría ser una interesante herramienta en salud pública para el tratamiento de la obesidad infantil. Sin embargo, estudios futuros deben aclarar estas asociaciones.

CARACTERÍSTICAS INFLAMATORIAS DE LA OBESIDAD

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Reyes J, Marcela

2010-01-01

Actualmente la obesidad es considerada una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica, de intensidad leve. Las alteraciones que ocurren en el tejido adiposo en expansión son muy similares a las de una inflamación clásica, sin embargo se desconoce aún el agente lesivo que lo gatilla. La activación del sistema inmune no se da solamente en el tejido adiposo, sino que es identificable a nivel circulatorio y en los diferentes órganos relacionados con el metabolismo de sustratos como son hígado, páncreas y mú...

Factores de riesgo y comorbilidades de La obesidad infanto-juvenil en el área de La Mariña de Lugo

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Rodicio García, Mª Mercedes

2016-01-01

La obesidad infantil es un importante problema de salud pública. Hay varios factores que predicen mayor riesgo de obesidad y sus comorbilidades, siendo importante detectarlos precozmente para establecer estrategias de actuación. El objetivo del estudio es conocer la prevalencia de factores de riesgo de obesidad y sus comorbilidades en una muestra de niños y adolescentes y comprobar si existe relación entre parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal y dichas comorbilidades. Se ...

Naturally occurring glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) receptors in human intestinal cell lines.

Science.gov (United States)

Sams, Anette; Hastrup, Sven; Andersen, Marie; Thim, Lars

2006-02-17

Although clinical trials with GLP-2 receptor agonists are currently ongoing, the mechanisms behind GLP-2-induced intestinal epithelial growth remain to be understood. To approach the GLP-2 mechanism of action this study aimed to identify intestinal cell lines endogenously expressing the GLP-2 receptor. Here we report the first identification of a cell line endogenously expressing functional GLP-2 receptors. The human intestinal epithelial cell line, FHC, expressed GLP-2 receptor encoding mRNA (RT-PCR) and GLP-2 receptor protein (Western blot). In cultured FHC cells, GLP-2 induced concentration dependent cAMP accumulation (pEC(50)=9.7+/-0.04 (mean+/-S.E.M., n=4)). In addition, a naturally occurring human intestinal fibroblast cell line, 18Co, endogenously expressing GLP-2 receptor encoding mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (Western blot) was identified. No receptor functionality (binding or G-protein signalling) could be demonstrated in 18Co cells. The identified gut-relevant cell lines provide tools for future clarification of the mechanisms underlying GLP-2-induced epithelial growth.

Menarca, gravidez precoce e obesidade em mulheres brasileiras selecionadas em um Centro de Saúde de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil

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Gilberto Kac

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo foi identificar fatores obstétricos potencialmente associados à obesidade em 486 mulheres brasileiras entre 15-59 anos, residentes na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. A gordura corporal (GC foi aferida por meio de exame de bioimpedância e a obesidade foi definida como GC > 30%. A associação entre fatores obstétricos e a obesidade foi avaliada a partir da técnica de regressão logística. Permaneceram associadas com a obesidade no modelo final após controle para o efeito da renda, fumo, consumo de álcool e prática de atividade física: idade de menarca 30 e 40 anos (OR = 3,32; IC95%: 1,76-6,27, idade ao primeiro parto (OR = 1,99; IC95%: 1,07-3,68 e a seguinte interação significativa: faixa etária de 30-39 e idade de menarca (OR = 0,27; IC95%: 0,09-0,83. Os fatores obstétricos se manifestam na obesidade por meio de uma complexa rede de inter-relações entre as covariáveis estudadas. É importante que sejam implementadas políticas eficazes de combate à obesidade durante o ciclo reprodutivo, e de planejamento familiar que busquem diminuir a freqüência de mães adolescentes.

CFTR depletion results in changes in fatty acid composition and promotes lipogenesis in intestinal Caco 2/15 cells.

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Geneviève Mailhot

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Abnormal fatty acid composition (FA in plasma and tissue lipids frequently occurs in homozygous and even in heterozygous carriers of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR mutations. The mechanism(s underlying these abnormalities remained, however, poorly understood despite the potentially CFTR contributing role.The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of CFTR depletion on FA uptake, composition and metabolism using the intestinal Caco-2/15 cell line. shRNA-mediated cftr gene silencing induced qualitative and quantitative modifications in FA composition in differentiated enterocytes as determined by gas-liquid chromatography. With the cftr gene disruption, there was a 1,5 fold increase in the total FA amount, largely attributable to monounsaturated and saturated FA compared to controls. The activity of delta-7 desaturase, estimated by the 16:1(n-7/16:0, was significantly higher in knockdown cells and consistent with the striking elevation of the n-7 FA family. When incubated with [14C]-oleic acid, CFTR-depleted cells were capable of quick incorporation and export to the medium concomitantly with the high protein expression of L-FABP known to promote intracellular FA trafficking. Accordingly, lipoprotein vehicles (CM, VLDL, LDL and HDL, isolated from CFTR knockdown cells, exhibited higher levels of radiolabeled FA. Moreover, in the presence of [14C]-acetate, knockdown cells exhibited enhanced secretion of newly synthesized phospholipids, triglycerides, cholesteryl esters and free FA, thereby suggesting a stimulation of the lipogenic pathway. Conformably, gene expression of SREBP-1c, a key lipogenic transcription factor, was increased while protein expression of the phosphorylated and inactive form of acetylCoA carboxylase was reduced, confirming lipogenesis induction. Finally, CFTR-depleted cells exhibited lower gene expression of transcription factors (PPARalpha, LXRalpha, LXRbeta and RXRalpha

A Repetição e o Par Mania-Depressão na Clínica Psicanalítica das Obesidades

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Denise Teles Freire Campos

2011-01-01

El reconocimiento de la obesidad como una enfermedad, desde el punto de vista biológico, es objeto controvertido. Sin embargo, la OMS señala el hecho de que se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública urgente y preocupante. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo discutir la obesidad de la psicopatología fundamental, sin olvidar el carácter "multidimensional" del fenómeno. El "cuerpo opulento" se trata aquí en relación con subjetividad, señalando antecedentes culturales que hacen de la obesidad...

Aplicación de un modelo educativo para prevenir parasitosis intestinal

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Rosario Román Pérez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available génLa parasitosis intestinal es causa de morbili - dad en niños de 0 a 14 años de edad y está asociada con medidas de higiene y factores psicosociales. En el artículo se muestra el trabjo que se diseñó y aplicó para evaluar un programa de educación para la salud sobre higiene y prevención de parasitosis intesti - nal en escolares de comunidades margina - das en Hermosillo, Sonora, México. El diseño de investigación fue de grupo de contraste, con evaluación pre/post y toma de muestras coprológicas. El programa se llevó a cabo en dos escuelas de Hermosillo, Sonora, una urbana y otra suburbana du - rante el ciclo escolar 2010-2011. Los temas trabajados fueron alimentación, prevención de enfermedades, autoestima y cuidado del medio ambiente. Los resultados muestran que la intervención logró cambios positivos a nivel de conocimientos y reducción en la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal.ero, hábitos de alimenta - ción, sobrepeso, obesidad, mayas.

Eficacia de la metformina en pacientes con obesidad exógena

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Pereira Despaigne, Olga Lidia; Palay Despaigne, Maricela Silvia

2015-01-01

Se realizó una intervención terapéutica en 12 pacientes con obesidad exógena, atendidos en la consulta de Endocrinología del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, desde julio de 2013 hasta igual mes de 2014, quienes fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente y luego asignados a 2 grupos de idéntica cantidad de integrantes: el de control, que realizó dieta como única terapéutica, y el de estudio, que recibió dieta y metformina como tratamiento; a f...

Perfil lipídico e peroxidação de lipídeos no plasma em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade

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Lima Severina C. V. C

2004-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar o perfil lipídico e a peroxidação de lipídeos no plasma de crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade atendidos no Ambulatório de Endocrinologia Pediátrica do HOSPED/UFRN. MÉTODOS: Foram constituídos grupos com crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso (n = 15, obesidade (n = 30 e controle (n = 21. O perfil lipídico foi avaliado por meio do colesterol total, LDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol e triglicerídeos. A peroxidação de lipídeos no plasma foi medida pelo marcador malonildialdeído (MDA. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste t de Student, teste de Tukey, ANOVA e correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS: As alterações de colesterol total e LDL-colesterol estavam mais presentes nos grupos sobrepeso e obesidade masculinos. O HDL-colesterol mostrou-se em condições limítrofes nos grupos sobrepeso e obesidade em ambos sexos. As maiores concentrações de triglicerídeos foram registradas no grupo obesidade feminino. Identificou-se elevada peroxidação de lipídeos no plasma no grupo obesidade, principalmente no sexo masculino. CONCLUSÕES: Na amostra estudada, maiores alterações do perfil lipídico foram observadas no sexo masculino nos grupos sobrepeso e obesidade, e a peroxidação de lipídeos estava mais evidente no grupo obesidade em ambos sexos.

[Not Available].

Science.gov (United States)

San Mauro Martín, Ismael; Garicano Vilar, Elena; León Fernández, Joana; Ciudad Cabañas, María José; Collado Yurrita, Luis

2016-07-19

Introducción: recientemente ha surgido el interés por el posible papel de la microbiota intestinal como agente potenciador del rápido aumento que se está observando en el aumento de la prevalencia de obesidad en todo el mundo.Objetivos: relacionar las modificaciones que puede ocasionar el consumo de antibióticos en la microflora intestinal con la obesidad.Métodos: se extrajeron, de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud de España, entre los años 2001 y 2011, las cifras de ingesta de antibióticos y la prevalencia (%) de obesidad en el mismo rango de edad, género y año. La media total de encuestados fue de 29.904 participantes.Resultados: se encontraron correlaciones significativas (p=0,09) en la asociación de la prevalencia de obesidad y la ingesta de antibióticos. Además, se objetivó que en el sexo masculino esta influencia es el doble que en el femenino.Conclusiones: los descubrimientos recientes en el campo de la microbiota intestinal y su relación con el huésped abren nuevos caminos en la comprensión de ciertas enfermedades inflamatorias y metabólicas, como la obesidad.

Sobrepeso, obesidad y dislipidemias en población universitaria del noreste de México Sobrepeso, obesidade e dislipidemias em população universitária do nordeste de México Overweight, obesity, and dyslipidemias at a mexican northeastern university population

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Martha Magallanes Monrreal

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso, obesidad y dislipidemias en la población universitaria del noreste de México. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se hizo muestreo aleatorio estratificado con asignación proporcional de 292 personas. Se tomaron muestras sanguíneas para determinación del colesterol total, las lipoproteínas de baja y alta densidad, se midieron el peso y la talla para cálculo de índice de masa corporal (IMC. Resultados: se encontró una prevalencia total de 31,2% de sobrepeso (45.8% en hombres y 22.4% en mujeres y 15.1% de obesidad. La prevalencia global de hipercolesterolemia fue de 23.6% (31.4% en hombres y 18.4% en mujeres, y mayor en trabajadores manuales y administrativos (53.8% y 52.8% respectivamente. Las personas IMC por encima de lo normal tienen 2.55 veces el riesgo de dislipidemias, comparadas con las que tienen un peso normal (IC95:1.46-4.46. Los análisis multivariados mostraron diferencias significativas entre dos de los grupos comparados para las variables: colesterol total, lipoproteínas de alta densidad y triglicéridos; finalmente, el análisis Post Hoc de Tuckey mostró diferencias significativas entre el peso normal y el sobrepeso para colesterol total y las lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad. Conclusión:hay una mayor prevalencia de obesidad en hombres que en mujeres. La asociación entre la obesidad y el colesterol total sugiere un mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular .Objetivo: determinar a prevalência de sobrepeso, obesidade e dislipidemias em população universitária do nordeste de México. Metodologia: estudo descritivo de corte transversal fezse amostragem aleatória estratificado com atribuição proporcional de 292 pessoas. Tomaramse mostras sanguíneas para determinação de colesterol total, lipoproteínas de baixa e alta densidade tomarameo peso e a talha para cálculo de índice de massa corporal (IMC. Resultados: encontrouse uma preval

Influencia do tempo de exposicao a obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipidica sobre os colagenos tipo I e III miocardico

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Danielle Cristina Tomaz da Silva

2014-03-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: A obesidade é um fator de risco para muitas complicações médicas; a pesquisa médica demonstrou que as alterações hemodinâmicas, morfológicas e funcionais estão correlacionadas com a duração e gravidade da obesidade. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo determinou a influência do tempo de exposição à obesidade induzida por dieta com alto teor de gordura no colágenos tipo I e III miocárdico. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos com trinta dias de idade, da raça Wistar, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: um grupo de controle (C alimentado com ração padrão e um grupo de ratos obesos (Ob alternadamente alimentados com uma de quatro dietas palatáveis ricas em gordura. Cada dieta foi mudada diariamente, e os ratos foram mantidos em suas respectivas dietas por 15 (C15 e Ob15 e 30 (C30 e Ob30 semanas consecutivas. A obesidade foi determinada pelo índice de adiposidade. RESULTADOS: O grupo Ob15 foi similar ao grupo C15 em relação à expressão de colágeno miocárdico tipo I; contudo, a expressão no grupo Ob30 foi menor do que no grupo C30. O tempo de exposição à obesidade foi associado com uma redução de colágeno do tipo I no grupo Ob30, quando comparado com o Ob15. A obesidade não afetou a expressão do colágeno tipo III. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo mostrou que o tempo de exposição à obesidade por 30 semanas induzida por uma dieta rica em gordura insaturada causou uma redução na expressão do colágeno miocárdico tipo I em ratos obesos. No entanto, nenhum efeito foi observado em relação à expressão do colágeno miocárdico tipo III

Auriculoterapia en el tratamiento de la obesidad exógena en niños

OpenAIRE

Hernández García, Sandra Haydee; Castillo González, Margarita; Rodríguez Arencibia, Miguel Ángel; Rodríguez Hernández, Miguel Ángel; Hernández Gómez, José Rafael

2013-01-01

Introducción: la epidemia de obesidad y sobrepeso se ha triplicado en menos de dos décadas y cada vez afecta a individuos más jóvenes. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la auriculoterapia en el tratamiento de la obesidad exógena en niños de 5-18 años de la provincia de Pinar del Río, remitidos a la consulta de Medicina Tradicional y Natural del Policlínico de Especialidades Pediátricas del Hospital Provincial Pediátrico "Pepe Portilla", de enero 2010 - junio 2011. Material y m étodos: se realizó...

Desigualdades de género en sobrepeso y obesidad entre indígenas chontales de Tabasco, México

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Marcelina Cruz-Sánchez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Antecedentes: La obesidad se ha convertido en una epidemia global y las mujeres presentan tasas más altas que los hombres. Se desconoce el porqué de este fenómeno, o si adquiere características específicas entre la población indígena. Objetivo: identificar las desigualdades de género que subyacen al fenómeno del cuerpo con sobrepeso y obesidad entre indígenas chontales de Tabasco. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo con entrevistas a profundidad a 15 informantes mujeres y hombres. La guía de entrevista contempló las categorías de: estilo de vida, pertenencia étnica, costumbres y hábitos de alimentación, usos y significados del cuerpo, así como normas de género. Las entrevistas fueron audio grabadas y transcritas. Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado por escrito para participar, así como la aprobación del comité de ética. Resultados: las mujeres presentan mayor sobrepeso y obesidad que sus pares varones; el ejercicio está prohibido para ellas, los espacios públicos para prácticas deportivas son utilizados de manera exclusiva por los varones, las mujeres después de la maternidad, asumen que es ¿normal¿ ser gorda, la obesidad se considera herencia inevitable de los padres y no una enfermedad, la pérdida de peso no es deseable en ninguna etapa de lavida. Conclusiones: Las desigualdades de género son una importante condición para la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad entre las mujeres chontales. Los resultados de este estudio tienen implicaciones en la promoción de un estilo de vida saludable para la disminución de las tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad entre la población indígena y particularmente entre las mujeres.

Avaliação do perfil metabólico em indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade sob a suplementação oral de glutamina

OpenAIRE

Fabiana Tannihão

2015-01-01

Resumo: A obesidade é uma doença metabólica crônica caracterizada pelo excesso de gordura corporal e é considerada como um grande fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). A International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estima que o Brasil tenha 13,4 milhões de pessoas (8,7% da população) com diabetes. Um aspecto fundamental na etiologia do DM2 é a resistência à insulina que possui uma grande relação com obesidade e sedentarismo. Recentes descobertas têm demonstrado q...

Obesidad infantil y consumo de bebidas azucaradas

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Coronel, Julia

2011-01-01

La obesidad infantil es un importante problema de salud pública, por su prevalencia y consecuencias sobre las expectativas y la calidad de vida. La pediatría no deja de ser, en cada minuto del crecimiento de los niños, un momento para aprovechar y para poder decir qué tenemos y cómo tenemos que comer, tanto en cantidad como en calidad de nutrientes. El siguiente trabajo de investigación, realizado en la ciudad de Mar del Plata, tiene como objetivo determinar cómo incide el c...

Obesidade infantil: uma proposta de tratamento comportamental

OpenAIRE

Cruz, Maria Tereza Monteiro da

2012-01-01

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar um programa de economia de fichas para modificar o comportamento de crianças obesas. Participaram do estudo dois jovens do sexo masculino com idades de 10 e 11 anos uma adolescente com 15 anos, todos apresentavam peso excessivo para a idade e freqüentavam uma ONG voltada para o tratamento da obesidade infantil e suas mães. A pesquisadora emprestou uma filmadora para os participantes e solicitou que P1 filmasse o almoço e o jantar cinc...

Aminoácidos y obesidad: relación de los niveles de homocisteína, aminoácidos de cadena ramificada y citrulina con sobrepeso-obesidad y resistencia insulínica en niños prepuberales

OpenAIRE

López García, Rafael

2016-01-01

Introducción: la obesidad infantil es uno de los problemas de Salud Pública más graves del s.XXI, sobre todo por las complicaciones cardiovasculares y endocrino-metabólicas asociadas. La prevalencia de obesidad se ha multiplicado por más de dos entre 1980 y 2014, estimándose que, a nivel mundial, más de 42 millones de niños tienen sobrepeso. En adultos hay estudios que reportan que la ingesta proteica conlleva efectos beneficiosos aunque altos niveles de determinados aminoácidos se relacionan...

Distinct Roles for Intestinal Epithelial Cell-Specific Hdac1 and Hdac2 in the Regulation of Murine Intestinal Homeostasis.

Science.gov (United States)

Gonneaud, Alexis; Turgeon, Naomie; Boudreau, François; Perreault, Nathalie; Rivard, Nathalie; Asselin, Claude

2016-02-01

The intestinal epithelium responds to and transmits signals from the microbiota and the mucosal immune system to insure intestinal homeostasis. These interactions are in part conveyed by epigenetic modifications, which respond to environmental changes. Protein acetylation is an epigenetic signal regulated by histone deacetylases, including Hdac1 and Hdac2. We have previously shown that villin-Cre-inducible intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific Hdac1 and Hdac2 deletions disturb intestinal homeostasis. To determine the role of Hdac1 and Hdac2 in the regulation of IEC function and the establishment of the dual knockout phenotype, we have generated villin-Cre murine models expressing one Hdac1 allele without Hdac2, or one Hdac2 allele without Hdac1. We have also investigated the effect of short-term deletion of both genes in naphtoflavone-inducible Ah-Cre and tamoxifen-inducible villin-Cre(ER) mice. Mice with one Hdac1 allele displayed normal tissue architecture, but increased sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis. In contrast, mice with one Hdac2 allele displayed intestinal architecture defects, increased proliferation, decreased goblet cell numbers as opposed to Paneth cells, increased immune cell infiltration associated with fibrosis, and increased sensitivity to DSS-induced colitis. In comparison to dual knockout mice, intermediary activation of Notch, mTOR, and Stat3 signaling pathways was observed. While villin-Cre(ER) Hdac1 and Hdac2 deletions led to an impaired epithelium and differentiation defects, Ah-Cre-mediated deletion resulted in blunted proliferation associated with the induction of a DNA damage response. Our results suggest that IEC determination and intestinal homeostasis are highly dependent on Hdac1 and Hdac2 activity levels, and that changes in the IEC acetylome may alter the mucosal environment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Prevalencia de obesidad en una población de 10 a 19 años en la consulta pediátrica

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Kovalskys, Irina; Bay, Luisa; Rausch Herscovici, Cecile; Berner, Enrique

2005-01-01

Introducción: La prevalencia mundial de obesidad es alarmante. La obesidad infantil está aumentando tanto en países desarrollados como en vías de desarrollo. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de obesidad en niños y adolescentes de 10 a 19 años que asistieron a la consulta pediátrica pública y privada en Argentina. Población, material y métodos: Se utilizaron datos de un estudio poblacional mayor, diseñado para determinar prevalencia de trastornos alimentarios en adolescentes de 10 a 19 años...

La obesidad infantil se puede reducir mejor mediante actividad física vigorosa que mediante restricción calórica

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Ara Royo, Ignacio; Vicente-Rodríguez, Germán; Moreno, Luis; Gutin, Bernard; Casajús Mallén, José

2009-01-01

Hasta que los avances en genética permitan detectar y manipular los genes implicados en el alarmante aumento de la prevalencia de obesidad en niños y jóvenes, la única solución realista al problema de la obesidad infantil es la prevención. Hasta el momento, los intentos por reducir el alarmante incremento de obesidad infantil y juvenil siguen el modelo tradicional de reducción de la ingesta energética y aumento de los niveles de actividad física. No obstante, dicho modelo puede no ser el méto...

Evolución de la obesidad en una muestra de origen poblacional española. Valor pronóstico en la mortalidad

OpenAIRE

Ponce García, Isabel

2013-01-01

1. MAGNITUD DEL PROBLEMA DE LA OBESIDAD La consideración social de la obesidad ha sufrido cambios a lo largo de la historia. En época de carencia nutricional, la obesidad era un objetivo a alcanzar y un signo de pertenecer a una clase pudiente. En la actualidad, los países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo que han adquirido la forma de vida de aquéllos, han aumentando su prevalencia considerablemente, probablemente como consecuencia de una mala adaptación de nuestra especie, que vive h...

Prevalencia de obesidad e hipercolesterolemia en trabajadores de una institución estatal de Lima - Perú

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Ángel Rosas A

2002-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de obesidad e hipercolesterolemia en los trabajadores de una institución estatal de Lima - Perú. Materiales y métodos: en este estudio transversal analítico, evaluamos 359 trabajadores, que acudieron a su examen médico anual respectivo entre octubre y diciembre de 2001. A cada sujeto se le determinó peso y talla y se le tomó una muestra de 5 mL de sangre en ayunas. Se definió sobrepeso como índice de masa corporal (IMC25 y <30, obesidad como IMC30 e hipercolesterolemia como colesterol total sérico 200 mg/dL. Resultados: las prevalencias de obesidad y sobrepeso fueron 17,9% y 46,8%, respectivamente. Se encontró 123 (34,7% sujetos con hipercolesterolemia. Las proporciones de sujetos con valores anormales de colesterol fueron: para HDL-C 0,0%, LDL-C 29,7%, triglicéridos 19,5%, CT/HDL-C 24,9% y LDL-C/HDL-C 16,7%. El sexo masculino, la edad mayor de 50 años y la condición de sedentario estuvieron asociadas con obesidad (p<0,05. El sexo masculino y la edad mayor de 40 años estuvieron asociadas con valores anormales de lípidos séricos. Los valores de colesterol total, LDL-C, triglicéridos, CT/HDL-C y LDL-C/HDL-C fueron significativamente mayores en los sujetos obesos (p<0,05. El nivel de HDL-C fue mayor en el grupo con peso adecuado (p<0,05. Conclusiones: la obesidad e hipercolesterolemia son patologías relevantes en esta población laboral. Se recomienda establecer programas de prevención de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y modificación de estilos de vida en esta población.

Associação do status socioeconômico com obesidade Socioeconomic status and obesity

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Ana CarolinaReiff e Vieira

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Os estudos nacionais indicam comportamento epidêmico da obesidade, e ênfase tem sido dada sobre os determinantes sociais do excesso de peso. O status socioeconômico tem sido avaliado por ocupação, educação e renda. Vários fatores relacionados à obesidade, como atividade física, consumo alimentar e hábitos familiares sofrem também influência do status socioeconômico. Realizou-se revisão da literatura sobre a associação do status socioeconômico com obesidade e também foram apresentados dados de uma pesquisa de base populacional sobre obesidade em mulheres do município do Rio de Janeiro. A ocorrência da obesidade entre os diferentes níveis de status socioeconômico é influenciada pelo sexo e idade, e são discutidos fatores ambientais que determinam a possibilidade de acesso aos alimentos saudáveis e a oportunidade de prática de atividade física. Por fim, é discutido como os hábitos familiares influenciam nas escolhas dos alimentos e como o status socioeconômico pode modificar esse efeito, bem como a disponibilidade de alimentos e o preço destes, levando a um maior consumo de alimentos de alta densidade energética, fator de risco dietético para obesidade.An epidemic of obesity has been revealed by Brazilian nationwide surveys, and emphasis is being given to socioeconomic status as one of the main determinants of weight gain. Other factors also associated to obesity are influenced by socioeconomic status, such as physical activity, food consumption, and family habits. Socioeconomic status has been evaluated based on occupation, education, and income. A review of the literature on the association between socioeconomic status and obesity has been conducted, and data from a population-based survey regarding obesity among women in the city of Rio de Janeiro were also included. The occurrence of obesity among different levels of socioeconomic status as influenced by sex and age, and environmental factors that determine the

Environment and Obesity in the National Children's Study Ambiente e obesidade no National Children's Study

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Leonardo Trasande

2010-01-01

Full Text Available We describe the approach taken by the National Children's Study (NCS to understanding the role of environmental factors in the development of obesity. We review the literature with regard to the two core hypotheses in the NCS that relate to environmental origins of obesity and describe strategies that will be used to test each hypothesis. Although it is clear that obesity in an individual results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, control of the obesity epidemic will require understanding of factors in the modern built environment and chemical exposures that may have the capacity to disrupt the link between energy intake and expenditure. Through its embrace of the life-course approach to epidemiology, the NCS will be able to study the origins of obesity from preconception through late adolescence, including factors ranging from genetic inheritance to individual behaviors to the social, built, and natural environment and chemical exposures. It will have sufficient statistical power to examine interactions among these multiple influences, including geneenvironment and geneobesity interactions. A major secondary benefit will derive from the banking of specimens for future analysis.Descrevemos a abordagem do National Children's Study (NCS para entender o papel dos fatores ambientais no desenvolvimento da obesidade. Revisamos a literatura a respeito de duas hipóteses principais no NCS que se relacionam a origens ambientais da obesidade e descrevem estratégias que serão utilizadas para testar cada hipótese. Apesar de estar claro que a obesidade em um indivíduo é resultado de um desequilíbrio entre consumo e gasto de energia, o controle da epidemia de obesidade requer o entendimento de fatores no ambiente moderno e exposições químicas que podem ter a capacidade de interromper a ligação entre o consumo e gasto de energia. Através da aceitação da abordagem do curso de vida a epidemiologia, o NCS será capaz de estudar

Fatores de risco associados ao sobrepeso e a obesidade em mulheres de São Leopoldo, RS

OpenAIRE

Teichmann,Luciana; Olinto,Maria Teresa Anselmo; Costa,Juvenal Soares Dias da; Ziegler,Denize

2006-01-01

OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência e os fatores de risco para sobrepeso e obesidade nas mulheres de São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com base populacional incluindo 981 mulheres de 20 a 60 anos de idade. O sobrepeso foi definido pelo índice de massa corporal entre 25 a 29,9 Kg/m² e a obesidade foi considerada como IMC > 30 Kg/m². As medidas de efeito brutas e ajustadas foram calculadas pela Regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sobrepeso foi...

Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud del niño y del adolescente con obesidad

OpenAIRE

Hurtado-Valenzuela, Jaime Gabriel; Álvarez-Hernández, Gerardo

2014-01-01

Objetivo Estimar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en un grupo de niños y adolescentes con obesidad de la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal utilizando el cuestionario PedsQL® para comparar la CVRS de 200 niños y adolescentes con obesidad al igual que a sus padres, con dos grupos de control, uno de la comunidad (n=400) y otro grupo de usuarios (n=200) del Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora. Las diferencias en la CVRS fueron eva...

A Personal Retrospective: Elevating Anandamide (AEA) by Targeting Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) and the Fatty Acid Binding Proteins (FABPs).

Science.gov (United States)

Deutsch, Dale G

2016-01-01

This perspective was adapted from a Career Achievement Award talk given at the International Cannabinoid Research Society Symposium in Bukovina, Poland on June 27, 2016. As a biochemist working in the neurosciences, I was always fascinated with neurotransmitter inactivation. In 1993 we identified an enzyme activity that breaks down anandamide. We called the enzyme anandamide amidase, now called FAAH. We and other laboratories developed FAAH inhibitors that were useful reagents that also proved to have beneficial physiological effects and until recently, new generations of inhibitors were in clinical trials. Nearly all neurotransmitters are water soluble and as such, require a transmembrane protein transporter to pass through the lipid membrane for inactivation inside the cell. However, using model systems, we and others have shown that this is unnecessary for anandamide, an uncharged hydrophobic molecule that readily diffuses across the cellular membrane. Interestingly, its uptake is driven by the concentration gradient resulting from its breakdown mainly by FAAH localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. We identified the FABPs as intracellular carriers that "solubilize" anandamide, transporting anandamide to FAAH. Compounds that bind to FABPs block AEA breakdown, raising its level. The cannabinoids (THC and CBD) also were discovered to bind FABPs and this may be one of the mechanisms by which CBD works in childhood epilepsy, raising anandamide levels. Targeting FABPs may be advantageous since they have some tissue specificity and do not require reactive serine hydrolase inhibitors, as does FAAH, with potential for off-target reactions. At the International Cannabis Research Society Symposium in 1992, Raphe Mechoulam revealed that his laboratory isolated an endogenous lipid molecule that binds to the CB1 receptor (cannabinoid receptor type 1) and this became the milestone paper published in December of that year describing anandamide (AEA, Devane et al., 1992). As to

Experimental model to induce obesity in rats Modelo experimental para induzir obesidade em ratos

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Vinicius Von Diemen

2006-12-01

Full Text Available The etiology of obesity is multifactorial and is becoming a problem of public health, due to its increased prevalence and the consequent repercussion of its comorbidities on the health of the population. The great similarity and homology between the genomes of rodents and humans make these animal models a major tool to study conditions affecting humans, which can be simulated in rats. Obesity can be induced in animals by neuroendocrine, dietary or genetic changes. The most widely used models to induce obesity in rats are a lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH by administering monosodium glutamate or a direct electrical lesion, ovariectomy, feeding on hypercaloric diets and genetic manipulation for obesity.A obesidade tem etiologia multifatorial e está se tornando um problema de saúde pública devido ao aumento da sua prevalência e a conseqüente repercusão das suas comorbidades na saúde da população. A grande similaridade e homologia entre os genomas dos roedores e dos humanos tornam esses modelos animais uma importante ferramenta para o estudo de condições que afetam os humanos e que podem ser simuladas em ratos. A obesidade pode ser induzida em animais com alterações neuroendócrinas, dietéticas ou genéticas. Os modelos mais utilizados para indução de obesidade em ratos são lesão do núcleo hipotalâmico venteromedial (VMH através da administração de glutamato monossódico ou lesão elétrica direta, ooforectomia, alimentação com dietas hipercalóricas e manipulação genética para obesidade.

Expression Pattern of Fatty Acid Binding Proteins in Celiac Disease Enteropathy

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Natalia M. Bottasso Arias

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Celiac disease (CD is an immune-mediated enteropathy that develops in genetically susceptible individuals following exposure to dietary gluten. Severe changes at the intestinal mucosa observed in untreated CD patients are linked to changes in the level and in the pattern of expression of different genes. Fully differentiated epithelial cells express two isoforms of fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs: intestinal and liver, IFABP and LFABP, respectively. These proteins bind and transport long chain fatty acids and also have other important biological roles in signaling pathways, particularly those related to PPARγ and inflammatory processes. Herein, we analyze the serum levels of IFABP and characterize the expression of both FABPs at protein and mRNA level in small intestinal mucosa in severe enteropathy and normal tissue. As a result, we observed higher levels of circulating IFABP in untreated CD patients compared with controls and patients on gluten-free diet. In duodenal mucosa a differential FABPs expression pattern was observed with a reduction in mRNA levels compared to controls explained by the epithelium loss in severe enteropathy. In conclusion, we report changes in FABPs’ expression pattern in severe enteropathy. Consequently, there might be alterations in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory process in the small intestinal mucosa.

Fabp1 gene ablation inhibits high-fat diet-induced increase in brain endocannabinoids.

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Gregory G; Landrock, Danilo; Chung, Sarah; Dangott, Lawrence J; Seeger, Drew R; Murphy, Eric J; Golovko, Mikhail Y; Kier, Ann B; Schroeder, Friedhelm

2017-01-01

The endocannabinoid system shifts energy balance toward storage and fat accumulation, especially in the context of diet-induced obesity. Relatively little is known about factors outside the central nervous system that may mediate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on brain endocannabinoid levels. One candidate is the liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1), a cytosolic protein highly prevalent in liver, but not detected in brain, which facilitates hepatic clearance of fatty acids. The impact of Fabp1 gene ablation (LKO) on the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on brain and plasma endocannabinoid levels was examined and data expressed for each parameter as the ratio of high-fat diet/control diet. In male wild-type mice, HFD markedly increased brain N-acylethanolamides, but not 2-monoacylglycerols. LKO blocked these effects of HFD in male mice. In female wild-type mice, HFD slightly decreased or did not alter these endocannabinoids as compared with male wild type. LKO did not block the HFD effects in female mice. The HFD-induced increase in brain arachidonic acid-derived arachidonoylethanolamide in males correlated with increased brain-free and total arachidonic acid. The ability of LKO to block the HFD-induced increase in brain arachidonoylethanolamide correlated with reduced ability of HFD to increase brain-free and total arachidonic acid in males. In females, brain-free and total arachidonic acid levels were much less affected by either HFD or LKO in the context of HFD. These data showed that LKO markedly diminished the impact of HFD on brain endocannabinoid levels, especially in male mice. © 2016 International Society for Neurochemistry.

Baixo peso ao nascer e obesidade: associação causal ou casual?

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Adolfo Monteiro Ribeiro

2015-09-01

Full Text Available ResumoObjetivo:Apresentar as bases conceituais que explicam como eventos na vida intrauterina podem influenciar o desenvolvimento corporal e enfatizar a interrelação entre baixo peso ao nascer e risco de obesidade ao longo da vida.Fontes de dados:Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Libraty Online (SciELO, EBSCO, Scopus e PubMed foram as bases de dados. “Catch-up growth”, “lifecourse health”, “disease”, “child”, “development”, “early life”, “perinatal programming”, “epigenetics”, “breastfeeding”, “small baby syndrome”, “phenotype”, “micronutrients”, “maternal nutrition”, “obesity” e “adolescence” foram descritores isolados ou associados para localizar revisões, estudos epidemiológicos, de intervenção ou experimentais publicados entre 1934 e 2014, com textos integrais, em português e inglês. Excluíram-se duplicidades, editoriais, resenhas e abordagens de doença diferente da obesidade.Síntese dos dados:Nos 47 artigos selecionados dentre 538 elegíveis, identificaram-se as hipóteses do fenótipo poupador, dos mecanismos epigenéticos e da plasticidade do desenvolvimento como fundamentais para explicar mecanismos envolvidos na saúde e nas doenças durante a vida. Elas admitem a possibilidade de eventos cardiometabólicos e obesidade terem origem em deficiência intraútero de nutrientes que, associados a suprimento alimentar excessivo às necessidades metabólicas nas fases precoces da vida, provoca alterações endócrinas. Todavia pode haver reprogramação fenotípica que supere ambiente restritivo intrauterino para nascidos com baixo peso a partir de oferta nutricional adequada. Assim, o catch-up growth indicaria recuperação da restrição intrauterina e se associaria a benefícios em curto prazo ou prejuízos no adulto.Conclusões:Na dependência de adequação nutricional nos primeiros anos de vida, a plasticidade do desenvolvimento pode levar à reprogramação fenot

La epidemia de obesidad y sus factores relacionados: el caso de España

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Gutiérrez-Fisac Juan Luis

2003-01-01

Full Text Available La epidemia de obesidad es un fenómeno universal que no parece reconocer límites ni geográficos ni sociodemográficos. Las investigaciones sobre los factores responsables de la epidemia se centran sobre algunas de las condiciones sociales y económicas que imperan en las sociedades actuales. El presente artículo muestra la situación de la obesidad en España y la tendencia de una serie de factores potencialmente relacionados. El incremento en la prevalencia de obesidad se acompañó de importantes cambios en el patrón de alimentación de la población a pesar de una tendencia estabilizada en la ingesta calórica total y de grasas. Diversos indicadores indirectos muestran la tendencia sedentaria de la población, a pesar de que un mayor porcentaje de la población declara realizar ejercicio físico en su tiempo libre. Los factores dependientes del gasto energético parecen tan o más importantes que los derivados del ingreso. Para explicar la situación paradójica de los distintos indicadores de sedentarismo se sugiere la hipótesis de un aumento del "stock de tiempo libre" en las sociedades actuales.

La epidemia de obesidad y sus factores relacionados: el caso de España

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Juan Luis Gutiérrez-Fisac

Full Text Available La epidemia de obesidad es un fenómeno universal que no parece reconocer límites ni geográficos ni sociodemográficos. Las investigaciones sobre los factores responsables de la epidemia se centran sobre algunas de las condiciones sociales y económicas que imperan en las sociedades actuales. El presente artículo muestra la situación de la obesidad en España y la tendencia de una serie de factores potencialmente relacionados. El incremento en la prevalencia de obesidad se acompañó de importantes cambios en el patrón de alimentación de la población a pesar de una tendencia estabilizada en la ingesta calórica total y de grasas. Diversos indicadores indirectos muestran la tendencia sedentaria de la población, a pesar de que un mayor porcentaje de la población declara realizar ejercicio físico en su tiempo libre. Los factores dependientes del gasto energético parecen tan o más importantes que los derivados del ingreso. Para explicar la situación paradójica de los distintos indicadores de sedentarismo se sugiere la hipótesis de un aumento del "stock de tiempo libre" en las sociedades actuales.

Incidência de disfunção sexual em pacientes com obesidade e sobrepeso

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Benedito Martins e Silva

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: avaliar a prevalência de disfunção sexual em pacientes com obesidade e sobrepeso atendidos no Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes (HUPAA - UFAL. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal. A amostra foi constituída por pacientes do sexo feminino com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Foram coletados os dados antropométricos para avaliação do índice de massa corporal (IMC e da circunferência da cintura (CC. Em todos os indivíduos foi realizada a avaliação dos níveis séricos de glicose, colesterol total e triglicerídeos. Aplicou-se a versão validada em português do Índice de Função Sexual Feminina (IFSF, que analisa a resposta sexual quanto a desejo, excitação, lubrificação vaginal, orgasmo, satisfação sexual e dor. O escore total é a soma dos escores para cada domínio multiplicada pelo fator correspondente e pode variar de '2' a '36', considerando risco para disfunção sexual um escore total menor ou igual a '26'. RESULTADOS: foram avaliadas 23 mulheres com média de idade de 44 anos, onde 73,9% eram obesas e 82,6% apresentaram risco muito aumentado para complicações metabólicas (CC e"88cm. O risco aumentado para disfunção sexual esteve presente em 78,3% das entrevistadas, ocasionando prejuízos biopsicossociais. HAS, DM e dislipidemia estavam presentes em 33,3%, 22,2% e 61,1%, respectivamente, das pacientes sob risco para disfunção sexual. CONCLUSÃO: a análise dos resultados demonstra a necessidade de uma melhor investigação e atenção dos médicos para com pacientes com obesidade ou sobrepeso.

Valoración y prevención de la obesidad infantil en la práctica clínica y efectividad del tratamiento físico en las obesidades infantiles genéticas de mayor relevancia

OpenAIRE

Liquete Cuadrado, Eva

2016-01-01

Es de enorme estímulo y justificación analizar las complicaciones que implica la obesidad infantil en países desarrollados. Ante este acuciante problema se realiza una revisión tradicional y crítica mediante un material y métodos minucioso, con el fin de conocer la efectividad actualizada en la práctica clínica de estos estados infantiles en referencia al tratamiento fisioterapéutico, así como su valoración y prevención. En 2012, la obesidad afectaba al 10’6% de los niños en...

Tratamiento con altas dosis de corticoides de Púrpura Trombocitopénica Inmune en paciente con Diabetes Mellitus y Obesidad Mórbida, un desafio metabólico

OpenAIRE

Juan Pedro Andreu Cuello; Juan Pablo Gatica Araneda; Patricio Alfaro-Toloza; Romina Olmos-de-Aguilera

2012-01-01

El manejo de la púrpura trombocitopénica inmune con altas dosis de corticoides en pacientes con diabetes mellitus y obesidad mórbida no está definido. Mujer de 64 años con obesidad mórbida, diabetes mellitus 2 y púrpura trombocitopénico inmune presenta trombocitopenia severa de 2 000 plaquetas asociada a equimosis extensas en ambas extremidades inferiores y glicemia descompensada. Se inició tratamiento con Metilprednisolona 500mg por tres días y luego Prednisona 60mg/día, al quinto día se aum...

Lactancia materna, alimentación complementaria y el riesgo de obesidad infantil

OpenAIRE

Luis Sandoval Jurado; María Valeria Jiménez Báez; Sibli Olivares Juárez; Tomas de la Cruz Olvera

2016-01-01

Objetivo: Evaluar el patrón de lactancia materna y el inicio de alimentación complementaria como riesgo de obesidad en niños de edad preescolar de un centro de atención primaria. Diseño: Transversal analítico. Emplazamiento: Cancún, Quintana Roo (México). Participantes: Niños de 2 a 4 años de edad, pertenecientes a una Unidad de atención primaria. Mediciones principales: Tiempo de lactancia materna total y exclusiva, alimento de inicio de alimentación complementaria referido por l...

O brincar criativo e a obesidade infantil

OpenAIRE

Mishima,Fernanda Kimie Tavares; Barbieri,Valéria

2009-01-01

A obesidade infantil é uma das doenças mais preocupantes atualmente, o estudo de seus fatores psicológicos é escasso, podendo se vincular a características específicas do brincar. Este trabalho objetiva investigar se há algum prejuízo causado pela dificuldade de expressão da criatividade no brincar de crianças obesas e, em caso positivo, qual a sua natureza. Foram realizados cinco estudos de caso com meninos obesos entre 7 e 10 anos, de nível sócio-econômico médio e famílias intactas, com apl...

Obesidad en la mujer Obesity in women

OpenAIRE

P. Riobó; B. Fernández Bobadilla; M. Kozarcewski; J. M. Fernández Moya

2003-01-01

La obesidad se ha convertido en un importante problema de salud pública en todos los países desarrollados. En las mujeres adquiere unas connotaciones ligeramente diferentes debido, además de a la mayor prevalencia, a que el bajo nivel socioeconómico es factor de riesgo sólo en la mujer. Además de ser factor de riesgo cardiovascular en la mujer se asocia a una aumento del riesgo de cáncer de mama y de endometrio y a poliquistosis ovárica e infertilidad. En las mujeres el control de peso tiene ...

Consumo de bebidas azucaradas y riesgo de obesidad

OpenAIRE

Elvira Íñigo, Ángela

2016-01-01

Introducción. La obesidad es en la actualidad uno de los mayores problemas de salud a los que se enfrenta la población mundial. No solo afecta a las personas adultas, sino que en muchos casos aparece a edades tempranas, desencadenando precozmente otras alteraciones. El desarrollo de nuevas bebidas de composición azucarada y su atrayente promoción hacen que la sociedad abuse de ellas sin pensar en los efectos que puede ocasionar un consumo excesivo de las mismas. Objetivo. Conocer la evidencia...

Obesidad en edad escolar: una propuesta de intervención para prevenir y reducir sus consecuencias

OpenAIRE

López Gómez, Alba

2014-01-01

Las consecuencias de la obesidad hacen de esta enfermedad uno de los mayores retos de la salud pública para el siglo XXI. Existen unos cambios alimentarios que se combinan con cambios de conductas que suponen una reducción de la actividad física en el trabajo y durante el tiempo de ocio. El ocio en la infancia es cada vez más sedentario, por ello trataremos en el siguiente trabajo de prevenir la obesidad y el sobrepeso desde la Educación y de forma más concreta desde la Educación física. ...

Tissue-specific differential induction of duplicated fatty acid-binding protein genes by the peroxisome proliferator, clofibrate, in zebrafish (Danio rerio

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Venkatachalam Ananda B

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Force, Lynch and Conery proposed the duplication-degeneration-complementation (DDC model in which partitioning of ancestral functions (subfunctionalization and acquisition of novel functions (neofunctionalization were the two primary mechanisms for the retention of duplicated genes. The DDC model was tested by analyzing the transcriptional induction of the duplicated fatty acid-binding protein (fabp genes by clofibrate in zebrafish. Clofibrate is a specific ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR; it activates PPAR which then binds to a peroxisome proliferator response element (PPRE to induce the transcriptional initiation of genes primarily involved in lipid homeostasis. Zebrafish was chosen as our model organism as it has many duplicated genes owing to a whole genome duplication (WGD event that occurred ~230-400 million years ago in the teleost fish lineage. We assayed the steady-state levels of fabp mRNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA transcripts in liver, intestine, muscle, brain and heart for four sets of duplicated fabp genes, fabp1a/fabp1b.1/fabp1b.2, fabp7a/fabp7b, fabp10a/fabp10b and fabp11a/fabp11b in zebrafish fed different concentrations of clofibrate. Result Electron microscopy showed an increase in the number of peroxisomes and mitochondria in liver and heart, respectively, in zebrafish fed clofibrate. Clofibrate also increased the steady-state level of acox1 mRNA and hnRNA transcripts in different tissues, a gene with a functional PPRE. These results demonstrate that zebrafish is responsive to clofibrate, unlike some other fishes. The levels of fabp mRNA and hnRNA transcripts for the four sets of duplicated fabp genes was determined by reverse transcription, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR. The level of hnRNA coded by a gene is an indirect estimate of the rate of transcriptional initiation of that gene. Clofibrate increased the steady-state level of fabp mRNAs and hn

Obesidade juvenil com enfoque na promoção da saúde: revisão integrativa Obesidad juvenil con foco en la promoción de la salud: revisión integradora Juvenile obesity from a health promotion focus: integrative review

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Izaildo Tavares Luna

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa com o objetivo de sintetizar as contribuições das pesquisas em Enfermagem sobre obesidade juvenil com enfoque na promoção da saúde. Através do levantamento bibliográfico foram identificados 20 artigos considerando os critérios: data, idioma e os descritores Enfermagem, adolescente, obesidade e promoção da saúde. O periódico Pediatric Nursing Journal apresentou 7 (35% artigos. As publicações indexadas ocorreram, nos últimos dez anos, nos idiomas português e inglês. Os resultados evidenciaram a construção do conhecimento científico da Enfermagem para o desenvolvimento de estratégias com enfoque na promoção da saúde na obesidade juvenil e, assim, contribuir para o desenvolvimento da profissão. Consideramos que a visualização do risco cumulativo que a obesidade juvenil apresenta em tornar o sujeito um adulto obeso é um dado precioso para que o planejamento das ações de enfermagem direcionadas a essa população seja implementado e alcance resultados efetivos.Fue desarrollada una revisión integradora para sintetizar las contribuciones de las investigaciones en Enfermería sobre obesidad juvenil con foco en la promoción de la salud. A través de levantamiento bibliográfico fueron identificados 20 artículos, considerando los criterios: fecha, idioma y los descriptores Enfermería, adolescente, obesidad y promoción de la salud. El periódico Pediatric Nursing Journal mostró siete artículos (35%. Las publicaciones indexadas ocurrieron en los últimos diez años, en portugués e inglés. Los resultados evidenciaron la construcción del conocimiento científico de Enfermería para el desarrollo de estrategias con foco en la promoción de la salud en obesidad juvenil y, así, contribuir al desarrollo de la profesión. Consideramos que la visualización del riesgo cumulativo que la obesidad juvenil muestra en hacer del sujeto un adulto obeso es un dato precioso para la implementaci

La Obesidad en Córdoba : Estudio de su prevalencia e identificación de factores de riesgo

OpenAIRE

Aballay, Laura Rosana

2013-01-01

Tesis Doctoral en Ciencias de la Salud La obesidad es un problema de salud pública prioritario debido al gran número de personas afectadas y a sus graves consecuencias sobre la salud. Se estimó la prevalencia de obesidad e identificaron factores de riesgo bio-socioculturales, con énfasis en la dieta, en adultos de la ciudad de Córdoba. Se estudió 4328 sujetos mayores de 18 años residentes en Córdoba. Estado nutricional, patrones de consumo y hábitos de vida fueron indagados media...

Obesidade entre os pobres no Brasil: a vulnerabilidade feminina Obesity among the poor in Brazil: female vulnerability

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Vanessa Alves Ferreira

2011-04-01

Full Text Available No Brasil, o incremento da obesidade em mulheres inseridas nos menores percentis de renda tem sido destacado como tema prioritário para o campo da Saúde Pública na atualidade. A preocupação com as repercussões futuras da obesidade nos grupos menos favorecidos impõe o aprofundamento teórico e o delineamento de políticas públicas de prevenção e controle da enfermidade nesses segmentos. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho se propõe a discutir algumas categorias analíticas presentes no fenômeno da obesidade entre a população pobre feminina no Brasil. Fatores biológicos, socioeconômicos e culturais parecem interagir na dinâmica da obesidade feminina no contexto da pobreza, revelando a complexidade dessa problemática. Políticas públicas de geração de emprego, inclusão social e igualdade no mercado de trabalho entre os gêneros nos parecem caminhos mais promissores para o enfrentamento da obesidade entre mulheres pobres no país.The increase in obesity among women in the lower income bracket in Brazil has been singled out as a priority issue in the field of Public Health today. Concern about future repercussions of obesity in the less privileged groups calls for an in-depth theoretical approach and the energetic definition of public policy for prevention and control of the affliction in these segments. In this respect, the scope of this work is to attempt to pinpoint some analytical categories in the phenomenon of obesity among the underprivileged female population in Brazil. Biological, socioeconomic and cultural factors appear to interact in the dynamics of female obesity in the context of poverty revealing the complexity of this problem. Public policies of job creation, social inclusion and gender equality in the labor market would appear to be more promising ways of tackling obesity in underprivileged females in Brazil.

Relación del consumo de productos para bajar de peso con el sobrepeso y la obesidad en profesores universitarios de Puebla, México

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Laura Guadalupe Ceja Ramirez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Las tendencias de obesidad y sobrepeso en México muestran un significativo incremento en las últimas encuestas nacionales, lo cual se ve reflejado en el incremento de las  enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, además de mayor consumo de productos para bajar de peso. Objetivos: Encontrar la relación entre el consumo de productos adelgazantes con el sobrepeso y la obesidad en profesores de una universidad privada de Puebla, México. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un diseño no experimental, transversal  descriptivo, utilizando un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple, en el que participaron 100 profesionistas de los cuales 27 fueron hombres y 73 mujeres. Se aplicó un cuestionario para conocer los hábitos, el consumo de productos para bajar de peso, además de mostrárseles modelos anatómicos que determinaron la percepción de la persona con su cuerpo. Finalmente se realizó la medición antropométrica, obteniendo el cálculo de su índice de masa corporal (IMC. Resultados: El 45% de las personas involucradas presentan sobrepeso y obesidad; 38%  consume productos para bajar de peso, siendo el 84.2% mujeres; entre mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC mayor consumo de productos para bajar de peso (p<0.05. Se observa una relación inversa entre mayor obesidad y menor número de comidas al día, a la par con menor número de horas de ejercicio y finalmente la mayoría de las personas con sobrepeso se perciben con un IMC mayor. Conclusión: El consumo de productos para bajar de peso se relaciona con el incremento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en los profesionistas.

Prevalência de obesidade em adultos e seus fatores de risco Prevalence and risk factors of obesity in adults

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Denise P. Gigante

1997-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Foi realizado estudo transversal em uma amostra representativa da população adulta de Pelotas para determinar a prevalência de obesidade e os fatores a ela associados, tendo em vista o acentuado aumento de excesso de peso no Brasil, entre 1974 e 1989. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram estudadas 1.035 pessoas com idade entre 20 e 69 anos, residentes na zona urbana do município. A obesidade foi definida a partir do índice de massa corporal (IMC igual ou superior a 30 kg/m². A análise multivariada foi realizada considerando um modelo hierárquico das variáveis associadas com obesidade em ambos os sexos. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de obesidade foi de 21% (IC95% 18 - 23, sendo de 25% (IC95% 22 - 29 entre as mulheres e 15% (IC95% 12 - 18 entre os homens. A relação entre as variáveis socioeconômicas e a obesidade foi inversa entre as mulheres e direta entre os homens. Entre as mulheres, as variáveis que se mantiveram associadas significativamente com obesidade foram: obesidade dos pais, ocorrência de diabete ou hipertensão, não fumar, menor número de refeições diárias e não ter realizado exercício físico no lazer durante o último ano. Para os homens somente a ocorrência de obesidade nos pais e a hipertensão arterial sistêmica estiveram significativamente associadas, enquanto a proteção do maior número de refeições apresentou uma associação quase significativa (p = 0,07. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam que os determinantes de obesidade são diferentes entre os sexos, ocorrendo em maior freqüência entre as mulheres e com o aumento da idade.INTRODUCTION: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Pelotas, Southern Brazil, with the objective of determining the prevalence of obesity and identify associated, variables as this condition increased markedly in the country between 1974 and 1989. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One thousand and thirty-five adults between 20 and 69 years of age were studied. Obesity

Glucagon-like peptide-2 induces rapid digestive adaptation following intestinal resection in preterm neonates

Science.gov (United States)

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a frequent complication after intestinal resection in infants suffering from intestinal disease. We tested whether treatment with the intestinotrophic hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) increases intestinal volume and function in the period immediately following in...

Ejercicio, Obesidad y Sindrome Metabólico

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A. Carlos Jorquera, Nut. Msc

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Los bajos niveles de actividad física y/o ejercicio, junto a los malos hábitos alimentarios presentes a nivel nacional e internacional, han traído consigo una serie de complicaciones y/o morbilidades que han provocado un importante aumento de las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades adquiridas, muchas de ellas ligadas a esta malnutrición por exceso y sedentarismo, descritos en encuestas nacionales e internacionales. La falta de movimiento es extrema en la población chilena y mundial, cada día la industria desarrolla elementos que buscan disminuir la ejecución de ejercicio físico, lo que se refleja de cierta manera en las encuestas ejecutadas, donde las tasas de inactividad física son elevadísimas, tanto en adultos como en niños, ya sean estos hombres o mujeres. Esto, sumado a los elevados niveles de obesidad, hace que enfoquemos nuestra atención al desarrollo de un tratamiento que combata estos dos factores de riesgo de manera paralela, pues en la ecuación de Balance Energético un 50% de ella corresponde a la ingesta y un 50% al gasto de energía. Los elevados niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad de nuestra realidad chilena (60% de la población, son la evidencia de un balance energético positivo provocado por una mayor ingesta de alimentos y un menor gasto en actividad física lo que ha llevado a que aumente progresivamente el Síndrome Metabólico y las ECNT en nuestra población.

Tratamiento alternativo de la obesidad exógena

OpenAIRE

Ramos Padilla, Kenia; Ramos Padilla, Katia; Ledesma Neyra, Arelys; Camacho Díaz, René

2013-01-01

Introducción: la obesidad es una de origen multifactorial caracterizada por acumulación excesiva de grasa o hipertrofia general del tejido adiposo en el cuerpo; factor de riesgo conocido para múltiples enfermedades, con repercusión estética y social. Objetivo: obtener el peso ideal en pacientes obesos mediante la combinación de dieta, homeopatía e implantación de catgut en puntos de acupuntura, tratando de equilibrar la energía y cambiar estilos de vida. Material y método: se realizó un estud...

Resultados de un seguimiento educativo a personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y sobrepeso u obesidad Results of educational follow-up of persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight/obesity

OpenAIRE

Rosario García; Rolando Suárez

2003-01-01

El presente trabajo muestra los resultados de un seguimiento educativo a personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y sobrepeso corporal u obesidad, realizado como continuidad del estudio latinoamericano PEDNID-LA, con el objetivo de evaluar, en forma prospectiva, los cambios clínicos, bioquímicos y terapéuticos obtenidos después de participar en un programa de educación grupal con metodología interactiva. El estudio incluyó 40 pacientes no insulino dependientes, obesos o en sobrepeso y preferente...

Intervención para promover hábitos saludables y reducir obesidad en adolescentes de preparatoria

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Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Enero-Junio 2014 219 Resumen / Abstract El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar cambios en la prevalencia de sobrepeso/ obesidad, hábitos alimenticios y ejercicio físico al inicio y fi nal del primer año de preparatoria posterior a una intervención para promover hábitos saludables. Se rea- lizó antropometría y cuestionario sobre alimentación y ejercicio físico al inicio y fi nal del año escolar a 304 alumnos de ca- torce a diecisiete años. Se implementó un programa anual de conferencias, supercla- ses deportivas y redes sociales como Face- book y Twitter. Se logró incrementar el consumo de raciones/día de frutas y ver- duras y reducir la ingestión en días/sema- na de refrescos y papas fritas. No hubo cambios signifi cativos en la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad. La intervención co- lectiva a través de clases y redes sociales mejoró los hábitos alimenticios pero no lo- gró disminuir el sobrepeso/obesidad. Se requiere probar otro tipo de estrategia en adolescentes.

Extra-Renal Elimination of Uric Acid via Intestinal Efflux Transporter BCRP/ABCG2

Science.gov (United States)

Hosomi, Atsushi; Nakanishi, Takeo; Fujita, Takuya; Tamai, Ikumi

2012-01-01

Urinary excretion accounts for two-thirds of total elimination of uric acid and the remainder is excreted in feces. However, the mechanism of extra-renal elimination is poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the mechanism and the extent of elimination of uric acid through liver and intestine using oxonate-treated rats and Caco-2 cells as a model of human intestinal epithelium. In oxonate-treated rats, significant amounts of externally administered and endogenous uric acid were recovered in the intestinal lumen, while biliary excretion was minimal. Accordingly, direct intestinal secretion was thought to be a substantial contributor to extra-renal elimination of uric acid. Since human efflux transporter BCRP/ABCG2 accepts uric acid as a substrate and genetic polymorphism causing a decrease of BCRP activity is known to be associated with hyperuricemia and gout, the contribution of rBcrp to intestinal secretion was examined. rBcrp was confirmed to transport uric acid in a membrane vesicle study, and intestinal regional differences of expression of rBcrp mRNA were well correlated with uric acid secretory activity into the intestinal lumen. Bcrp1 knockout mice exhibited significantly decreased intestinal secretion and an increased plasma concentration of uric acid. Furthermore, a Bcrp inhibitor, elacridar, caused a decrease of intestinal secretion of uric acid. In Caco-2 cells, uric acid showed a polarized flux from the basolateral to apical side, and this flux was almost abolished in the presence of elacridar. These results demonstrate that BCRP contributes at least in part to the intestinal excretion of uric acid as extra-renal elimination pathway in humans and rats. PMID:22348008

Prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares de zonas rurales Prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in rural areas

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Valle Coronado Vázquez

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares del entorno rural. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Muestra de 1513 escolares de 6, 11 y 14 años de edad. Se recogieron datos de peso y talla con una báscula digital de columna con tallímetro. Se utilizaron tres criterios para definir sobrepeso y obesidad: puntos de Cole, criterios de los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC y tablas de Hernández. Resultados: Usando los puntos de Cole la prevalencia del sobrepeso fue del 24,6% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 22,5-26,8 y la de la obesidad fue del 11,6% (IC95%: 10-13,3, mayor en los niños de 11 y 6 años de edad, respectivamente. Según los criterios CDC, el 19,8% (IC95%: 17,9-21,9 tenía sobrepeso y el 16,5% (IC95%: 14,7-18,4 obesidad, correspondiendo los porcentajes mayores a los 14 y 6 años de edad. Empleando las tablas de Hernández se encontró un 11,5% (IC95%: 10-13,2 de sobrepeso y un 18,6% (IC95%: 16,7-20,6 de obesidad, ambos más altos a los 11 años de edad. El riesgo de presentar obesidad y sobrepeso es mayor en los municipios pequeños (Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in rural areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1,513 schoolchildren aged 6, 11 and 14 years. Data were collected on height and weight with digital scales equipped with a measuring rod. We used three criteria to define overweight and obesity: Cole's points, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC criteria and Hernandez's tables. Results: When Cole's points were used, 24.6% (95%CI: 22.5 - 26.8 were overweight and 11.6% (95%CI: 10-13.3 were obese; these percentages were higher in children aged 11 and 6 years, respectively. According CDC growth charts, 19.8% of children (95%CI: 17.9-21.9 were overweight and 16.5% (95%CI: 14.7-18.4 were obese, corresponding to higher percentages at 14 and 6 years. When Hernandez's tables were

Evaluación psicopatológica en obesidad y post cirugía bariátrica

OpenAIRE

Arriagada Solar, María Inés

2015-01-01

La obesidad se considera un problema de salud pública al ser la segunda causa de muerte evitable en el mundo, después del tabaco. El 90 % de las personas obesas que mantienen en su rutina una dieta hipocalórica más ejercicio físico, logran una disminución inicial pero a lo largo de meses a un año recuperan nuevamente el peso de inicio o lo superan. En esto se basa el planteamiento de que aspectos psicológicos jugarían un papel decisivo en la producción y mantenimiento de la obesidad. Una prim...

Alteración del sueño como factor de riesgo en el desarrollo de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes. Revisión narrativa

OpenAIRE

Martínez Pequerul, Lucía

2017-01-01

Introducción: la obesidad es una enfermedad multifactorial, crónica y compleja que se caracteriza por la acumulación excesiva de grasa corporal. La forma más conocida para evaluar el estado nutricional de la población es el Índice de Masa Corporal que relaciona el peso y la altura del individuo, considerándose sobrepeso cuando es mayor de 25kg/m2 y obesidad cuando alcanza los 30kg/m2. Es un grave problema de salud pública en todo el mundo relacionado con ciertos patrones de vid...

Acute high-intensity interval running increases markers of gastrointestinal damage and permeability but not gastrointestinal symptoms.

Science.gov (United States)

Pugh, Jamie N; Impey, Samuel G; Doran, Dominic A; Fleming, Simon C; Morton, James P; Close, Graeme L

2017-09-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval running on markers of gastrointestinal (GI) damage and permeability alongside subjective symptoms of GI discomfort. Eleven male runners completed an acute bout of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (eighteen 400-m runs at 120% maximal oxygen uptake) where markers of GI permeability, intestinal damage, and GI discomfort symptoms were assessed and compared with resting conditions. Compared with rest, HIIT significantly increased serum lactulose/rhamnose ratio (0.051 ± 0.016 vs. 0.031 ± 0.021, p = 0.0047; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.006 to 0.036) and sucrose concentrations (0.388 ± 0.217 vs. 0.137 ± 0.148 mg·L -1 ; p HIIT and resting conditions. Plasma intestinal-fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) was significantly increased (p HIIT whereas no changes were observed during rest. Mild symptoms of GI discomfort were reported immediately and at 24 h post-HIIT, although these symptoms did not correlate to GI permeability or I-FABP. In conclusion, acute HIIT increased GI permeability and intestinal I-FABP release, although these do not correlate with symptoms of GI discomfort. Furthermore, by using serum sampling, we provide data showing that it is possible to detect changes in intestinal permeability that is not observed using urinary sampling over a shorter time-period.

Indicaciones de la colecistectomía en la cirugía de la obesidad mórbida

OpenAIRE

Cruz Verdún, Joan de la

2002-01-01

Descripció del recurs: 18 setembre 2002 Consultable des del TDX Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzada La obesidad a parte de ser un problema de salud, se convierte hoy en día en un verdadero problema social. En número de pacientes obesos es mayor hoy en día, siendo la tendencia a aumentar, con cifras del 20-25% en el caso del hombre y del 25-40% en el caso de la mujer. Cuando la obesidad es simple, es decir aquella en la que el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) no pasa de 40, únicam...

Ejercicio y depresión en mujeres embarazadas con sobrepeso y obesidad: ensayo clínico aleatorio

OpenAIRE

Perales, María; Cordero, Y.; Vargas, M.; Lucía Mulas, Alejandro; Barakat, Rubén

2015-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la eficacia de un programa de ejercicio físico regular en la prevención de la depresión en mujeres gestantes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un ensayo clínico aleatorio en el Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada en Madrid. Un total de 106 mujeres gestantes sanas con sobrepeso y obesidad (32,70±3,90 años), sin complicaciones y con gestación simple fueron analizadas (52 en el grupo de ejercicio (GE) y 54 en el grupo de contro...

El tratamiento de la obesidad infantil en Educación Primaria para Educación Física

OpenAIRE

Fonseca Higuera, Raquel

2016-01-01

Los problemas para la salud que conlleva la obesidad, afectan cada vez a niños con edades más tempranas debido a los cambios en los estilos de vida como el ocio, el sedentarismo o la comida rápida, hacen que sea tanto el ejercicio físico como una alimentación saludable un modo de combatir ésta, por sus efectos beneficiosos para la salud y para reducir las enfermedades que puedan provocar en un futuro. Por ello se debe prevenir la obesidad infantil poniendo en marcha medidas para fomentar h...

Alto riesgo para la salud debido al consumo de bebidas y obesidad entre bachilleres de México

OpenAIRE

Caravalí-Meza, Nuris Yohana; Jiménez-Cruz, Arturo; Bacardí-Gascón, Montserrat; Gómez-Miranda, Luis Mario

2015-01-01

El propósito del estudio fue identificar el consumo de bebidas y determinar la obesidad (O) y la obesidad abdominal (OA) en mexicanos de bachillerato. Se calcularon diferencias en rangos de consumo de bebidas entre sexo en categorías del IMC con la prueba de Mann-Whitney. Se evaluaron 1677 estudiantes entre 15 y 17 años. La prevalencia de O y OA fue en hombres y mujeres de 15% y 53% y de 12% y 43%, respectivamente. El consumo semanal de bebidas energéticas, alcohólicas, lácteas y azucaradas e...

Comparative analysis of the intestinal flora in type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Horie, Masanori; Miura, Takamasa; Hirakata, Satomi; Hosoyama, Akira; Sugino, Sakiko; Umeno, Aya; Murotomi, Kazutoshi; Yoshida, Yasukazu; Koike, Taisuke

2017-10-30

A relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and intestinal flora has been suggested since development of analysis technology for intestinal flora. An animal model of T2DM is important for investigation of T2DM. Although there are some animal models of T2DM, a comparison of the intestinal flora of healthy animals with that of T2DM animals has not yet been reported. The intestinal flora of Tsumura Suzuki Obese Diabetes (TSOD) mice was compared with that of Tsumura, Suzuki, Non Obesity (TSNO) mice in the present study. The TSOD mice showed typical type 2 diabetes symptoms, which were high-fat diet-independent. The TSOD and the TSNO mouse models were derived from the same strain, ddY. In this study, we compared the intestinal flora of TSOD mice with that if TSNO mice at 5 and 12 weeks of age. We determined that that the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was significantly higher in the cecum of TSOD mice than in that of TSNO mice. The intestinal flora of the cecum and that of the feces were similar between the TSNO and the TSOD strains. The dominant bacteria in the cecum and feces were of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. However, the content of some bacterial species varied between the two strains. The percentage of Lactobacillus spp. within the general intestinal flora was higher in TSOD mice than in TSNO mice. In contrast, the percentages of order Bacteroidales and family Lachnospiraceae were higher in TSNO mice than in TSOD mice. Some species were observed only in TSOD mice, such as genera Turicibacter and SMB53 (family Clostridiaceae), the percentage of which were 3.8% and 2.0%, respectively. Although further analysis of the metabolism of the individual bacteria in the intestinal flora is essential, genera Turicibacter and SMB53 may be important for the abnormal metabolism of type 2 diabetes.

Prevalencia y factores asociados a sobrepeso y obesidad infantil en escuelas públicas y privadas de Tegucigalpa, Honduras

OpenAIRE

Ramírez-Izcoa, Alejandro; Sánchez-Sierra, Luis Enrique; Mejía-Irías, Carlos; Izaguirre González, Allan Iván; Alvarado-Avilez, Cindy; Flores-Moreno, Rosaura; Yareny Miranda, Kyrian; M-Díaz, Claudia; Grissel Aguilar, Videlda; Rivera, Elena E

2017-01-01

Objetivo: Comparar los factores asociados de sobrepeso y obesidad en los niños de escuelas públicas y privadas de la colonia Kennedy, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Materiales y Métodos. Se estudiaron 357 escolares entre 6 y 11 años. Se realizó evaluación nutricional, frecuencia de consumo, hábitos y prácticas alimentarias y actividad física mediante encuesta. Se excluyeron escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad secundaria a una patología de base. La información fue analizada con el programa Epi-info, se...

Compartment-specific distribution of human intestinal innate lymphoid cells is altered in HIV patients under effective therapy.

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Benjamin Krämer

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Innate lymphocyte cells (ILCs, a novel family of innate immune cells are considered to function as key orchestrators of immune defences at mucosal surfaces and to be crucial for maintaining an intact intestinal barrier. Accordingly, first data suggest depletion of ILCs to be involved in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-associated damage of the intestinal mucosa and subsequent microbial translocation. However, although ILCs are preferentially localized at mucosal surfaces, only little is known regarding distribution and function of ILCs in the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, we show that in HIV(- individuals composition and functional capacity of intestinal ILCs is compartment-specific with group 1 ILCs representing the major fraction in the upper gastrointestinal (GI tract, whereas ILC3 are the predominant population in ileum and colon, respectively. In addition, we present first data indicating that local cytokine concentrations, especially that of IL-7, might modulate composition of gut ILCs. Distribution of intestinal ILCs was significantly altered in HIV patients, who displayed decreased frequency of total ILCs in ileum and colon owing to reduced numbers of both CD127(+ILC1 and ILC3. Of note, frequency of colonic ILC3 was inversely correlated with serum levels of I-FABP and sCD14, surrogate markers for loss of gut barrier integrity and microbial translocation, respectively. Both expression of the IL-7 receptor CD127 on ILCs as well as mucosal IL-7 mRNA levels were decreased in HIV(+ patients, especially in those parts of the GI tract with reduced ILC frequencies, suggesting that impaired IL-7 responses of ILCs might contribute to incomplete reconstitution of ILCs under effective anti-retroviral therapy. This is the first report comparing distribution and function of ILCs along the intestinal mucosa of the entire human gastrointestinal tract in HIV(+ and HIV(- individuals.

PREVALÊNCIA DE OBESIDADE E SOBREPESO ENTRE OS UNIVERSITÁRIOS DO CAMPUS DE SAÚDE DA UNIVERSIDADE DE PERNAMBUCO

OpenAIRE

VIVIANE TANNURI FERREIRA LIMA FALCÃO; MARCELINO LEITE DE MIRANDA; ROSEANE MARIA CAVALCANTI SILVA

2007-01-01

El alto predominio de sobrepeso y de obesidad es actualmente uno de los problemas más importantes de salud pública. Objetivo: calcular el predominio de obesidad y sobrepeso de estudiantes universitarios adolescentes del departamento de salud pública de la universidad de PE; identificarlos según: sexo, edad, renta familiar mensual y estilo de vida. Métodos: estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo, transversal con características cuantitativas y cualitativas. La población estudiada abarcó 5680 univ...

Obesidad Infantil.Alimentación,actividad física y medio ambiente

OpenAIRE

Cabrerizo, Sofía; Díez, Sara; Fernández, Bibiana

2018-01-01

Situación en Asturias del problema de la obesidad infantil,aspectos multifactoriales del problema,y elaboración de una serie de recomendaciones de las evidencias disponibles a partir de las evidencias disponibles y de una revisión bibliográfica. Consejería de Sanidad del Principado de Asturias

Cirugía para la obesidad: efectos generales, beneficios y riesgos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. Karin Papapietro, Dra.

2012-03-01

Full Text Available El paciente obeso es difícil de tratar. La cirugía para la obesidad en pocos meses logra disminuir más del 20% del peso corporal. Las técnicas quirúrgicas actúan restringiendo la capacidad gástrica y/o produciendo malabsorción parcial de los alimentos. Todas han demostrado ser eficaces para el tratamiento de la obesidad y mejorar sus comorbilidades asociadas, destacando el alto porcentaje de remisión de la diabetes tipo 2, especialmente con las técnicas malabsortivas. El banding gástrico tienen la menor tasa de remisión de diabetes tipo2. La mayoría de los beneficios de la cirugía persisten más de 10 años, lo que ha permitido observar disminución del riesgo de aparición de enfermedades del ámbito metabólico, reducción del riesgo cardiovascular y de la mortalidad general de obesos mórbidos operados. Actualmente, las técnicas quirúrgicas más frecuentes son el bypass gástrico y la gastrectomía vertical (manga gástrica. La cirugía bariátrica tiene baja tasa de morbimortalidad en centros quirúrgicos expertos, sin embargo se pueden producir complicaciones nutricionales que se deben prevenir o tratar precozmente. La participación de un equipo multidisciplinario con expertos en nutrición, salud mental y actividad física aumenta las posibilidades de lograr una mejor reducción y mantención del peso, ya que con todas las técnicas se puede producir reganancia de peso en el largo plazo.

Adipocitos, obesidad visceral, inflamación y enfermedad cardiovascular Adipocytes, visceral obesity, inflammation and cardiovascular disease

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Fernando Manzur

2010-09-01

Full Text Available La obesidad es un importante problema de salud a nivel mundial. Se considera el resultado de la combinación de factores genéticos, alimentación inadecuada y falta de actividad física regular. La ingestión de una dieta de alta densidad energética, es la principal causa de obesidad visceral o central, ya que el exceso de energía se almacena en los adipocitos, que aumentan en tamaño y en número, o ambos, en especial los viscerales, produciendo un incremento en la tasa de lipólisis, que a su vez, estimula la secreción de citoquinas por leucocitos, macrófagos y adipocitos, y conduce a estado proinflamatorio, resistencia a la insulina y disfunción endotelial. Esta última, favorecida por el proceso inflamatorio, puede ser el vínculo de unión entre la obesidad y la enfermedad cardiovascular. Así, la disfunción del tejido adiposo representa el mecanismo etiopatogénico en el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular, iniciado por la obesidad visceral.Worldwide obesity is an important health problem that results from the combination of genetic factors, inadequate food intake and lack of regular physical activity. Intake of a high energy-dense diet is the main cause of visceral and central obesity, since energy excess is stored in adipocytes that increase in size and/or number, especially visceral adipocytes, causing an increment in lipolysis rate that in turn stimulates the cytokines secretion from leucocytes, macrophages and adipocytes, leading to a pro-inflammatory state, insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. This endothelial dysfunction favored by the inflammatory process can be the connecting bond between obesity and cardiovascular disease. Thus, adipose tisssue dysfunction constitutes the ethio-pathogenic mechanism in the development of cardiovascular disease, initiated by visceral obesity.

Glucagon-like peptide-2 protects impaired intestinal mucosal barriers in obstructive jaundice rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Jun; Dong, Jia-Tian; Li, Xiao-Jing; Gu, Ye; Cheng, Zhi-Jian; Cai, Yuan-Kun

2015-01-14

To observe the protective effect of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) on the intestinal barrier of rats with obstructive jaundice and determine the possible mechanisms of action involved in the protective effect. Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, an obstructive jaundice group, and a GLP-2 group; each group consisted of 12 rats. The GLP-2 group was treated with GLP-2 after the day of surgery, whereas the other two groups were treated with the same concentration of normal saline. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and endotoxin levels were recorded at 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14 d. Furthermore, on the 14(th) day, body weight, the wet weight of the small intestine, pathological changes of the small intestine and the immunoglobulin A (IgA) expressed by plasma cells located in the small intestinal lamina propria were recorded for each group. In the rat model, jaundice was obvious, and the rats' activity decreased 4-6 d post bile duct ligation. Compared with the sham operation group, the obstructive jaundice group displayed increased yellow staining of abdominal visceral serosa, decreased small intestine wet weight, thinning of the intestinal muscle layer and villi, villous atrophy, uneven height, fusion, partial villous epithelial cell shedding, substantial inflammatory cell infiltration and significantly reduced IgA expression. However, no significant gross changes were noted between the GLP-2 and sham groups. With time, the levels of ALT, endotoxin and bilirubin in the GLP-2 group were significantly increased compared with the sham group (P jaundice group than in the GLP-2 group (P jaundice rats, which might be attributed to increased intestinal IgA and reduced bilirubin and endotoxin.

Educación, actividad física y obesidad en adultos con diabetes tipo 2 desde la perspectiva del autocuidado de Orem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lidia Guadalupe Compean-Ortiz

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Describir la relación de la actividad física (pasos/día/ejercicio con la obesidad (índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura y grasa corporal en adultos con diabetes tipo 2. Se planteó además: 1 determinar la relación de la educación/comprensión en diabetes con la actividad física/ejercicio, y 2 establecer diferencias de actividad física/ejercicio y obesidad/sobrepeso de acuerdo con variables sociodemográficas. Materiales y métodos : diseño descriptivo correlacional, muestra aleatoria de 124 pacientes de 17 centros comunitarios de Tampico, Tamaulipas, México. Las mediciones incluyeron: podómetro New-Life Style 2000, cuestionarios de autocuidado y Perfil de Cuidado en Diabetes, IMC, CC y grasa corporal. Los datos se analizaron con medidas de tendencia central, correlación de Spearman, prueba U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: el promedio de pasos/día mostró relación inversa con el IMC (r s = - 0,282, p < 0,01 y la CC (r s = - 0,300, p < 0,01. La comprensión en diabetes tuvo relación positiva con el ejercicio (r s = 0,179, p = 0,04. Las mujeres fueron quienes tuvieron mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal (p < 0,05. Conclusiones: los hallazgos tienen implicacio- nes importantes para el ejercicio práctico de la profesión de enfermería que juega un papel esencial en el fomento de la activi dad física y otros comportamientos básicos de autocuidado a través de la educación. La educación basada en teoría se hace necesaria para el avance en el conocimiento de la disciplina.

Educación alimentaria en el tratamiento de la obesidad

OpenAIRE

Bretó Barrera, Patricia; Ezcurra Suárez, Francisco

2013-01-01

Aplicación de la educación alimentaria en el tratamiento dietético de la obesidad. Además, se contempló la celiaquía para llevar a cabo los cambios propuestos durante el proceso de cambios de hábitos para conseguir una mejora en el estado nutricional. Realizado para el Proyecto de Innovación Educativa Desarrollo de vídeos educativos para historias de casos clínicos.

Preservation of intestinal microvascular Po2 during normovolemic hemodilution in a rat model

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Bommel, J.; Siegemund, M.; Henny, C. P.; van den Heuvel, D. A.; Trouwborst, A.; Ince, C.

2000-01-01

The effect of hemodilution on the intestinal microcirculatory oxygenation is not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of moderate normovolemic hemodilution on intestinal microvascular partial oxygen pressure (Po2) and its relation to the mesenteric venous Po2 (Pmvo2).

Nem só de pão se vive: a voz das mães na obesidade infantil

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Priscilla Machado Moraes

2013-01-01

Full Text Available A obesidade infantil tornou-se uma preocupação mundial e de saúde pública. Sabe-se que existem diversos fatores que predispõem à doença (biológicos, econômicos, pessoais, socioculturais e familiares, porém, nesta pesquisa, o objetivo geral foi compreender os elementos presentes na história familiar de crianças com obesidade. Participaram seis mães e uma avó de crianças, na faixa etária entre oito a dez anos incompletos, que se encontravam em atendimento em um ambulatório de referência para obesidade infantil. Foi utilizada uma entrevista com roteiro previamente estabelecido e, posteriormente, os resultados foram analisados com base na análise de conteúdo temática. Pode-se concluir que as famílias apresentaram falta de coesão acerca das normas alimentares e de limites à criança, conflitos conjugais e familiares e dificuldades em adequar o ambiente às recomendações solicitadas pelos profissionais.

TLR2 Controls Intestinal Carcinogen Detoxication by CYP1A1

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Do, Khoa; Fink, Lisbeth Nielsen; Jensen, Thomas Elbenhardt

2012-01-01

of ligands for TLR2 of bacterial origin seems to be crucial for detoxication of luminal carcinogens by CYP1A1 in the intestine. This unprecedented finding indicates a complex interplay between the immune system of the host and intestinal bacteria with detoxication mechanisms. This highlights the relevance...

Obesidad pediátrica y factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos asociados

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Lourdes María Pérez Clemente

Full Text Available Introducción: la obesidad está asociada a eventos cardiovasculares fundamentalmente en adultos, sin embargo, los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos, a menudo, están presentes desde la infancia y la adolescencia. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos en niños y adolescentes obesos. Métodos: se presenta un estudio observacional, prospectivo en 202 niños y adolescentes obesos procedentes de consultas de Endocrinología de los hospitales pediátricos de La Habana, remitidos a consulta de referencia del Hospital Pediátrico Centro Habana, durante el periodo enero-2010 a enero-2012. Al total de pacientes se les realizó una encuesta de antecedentes, factores de riesgo y mediciones físicas (peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura y tensión arterial. Se determinaron niveles séricos de colesterol, triglicéridos, colesterol transportado por lipoproteínas de alta densidad, glucemia e insulina en ayunas. Se determinó microalbuminuria como marcador de daño vascular. Se identificaron los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos, y se correlacionaron con la microalbuminuria. Se empleó el programa estadístico SPSS 13.0 para su análisis. Resultados: se encontró que los niveles bajos de colesterol transportado por lipoproteínas de alta densidad, el síndrome metabólico, la resistencia insulínica, la hipertrigliceridemia, la hipertensión arterial y la hipercolesterolemia fueron los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos más frecuentemente asociados a la obesidad. El factor de riesgo asociado de manera significativa a la microalbuminuria fue la hipertensión arterial. Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos asociados a la obesidad pueden ser identificados en edades tempranas de la vida.

La obesidad como factor de riesgo en el desarrollo de cáncer

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Deissy Herrera-Covarrubias

Full Text Available De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud, cada año fallecen 3,4 millones de personas adultas por consecuencias del sobrepeso u obesidad. Personas con un índice de masa corporal superior a 30, presentan cierto aumento en la incidencia de algunas enfermedades entre las que se encuentran algunos tipos de cánceres. En esta revisión de tipo narrativa se aborda el papel que tiene el tejido adiposo como modulador del sistema endocrino y facilitador de la inflamación crónica subclínica. Se discute cómo la obesidad puede producir un microambiente favorable para el desarrollo de tumores, principalmente por el incremento del estrés oxidativo y en las concentraciones de diversas hormonas como la leptina, la insulina y la prolactina. Se concluye que, en conjunto, estos factores incrementan la probabilidad de desarrollar cáncer

Efeitos da suplementação de probióticos na prevenção da obesidade e suas complicações em camundongos Swiss

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Renata Alvares Bagarolli Zambon

2013-01-01

Resumo: A obesidade é caracterizada por processo inflamatório crônico e resistência à insulina (RI), os quais são responsáveis por grande parte de suas doenças associadas. Sabe-se que diversas moléculas do sistema imune inato estão associadas à RI e obesidade, destacando-se o receptor toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4). Sua via de sinalização está ativada na obesidade, devido à presença aumentada na circulação de seu principal ligante, lipopolissacarídeo (LPS). Acredita-se que esta endotoxemia metab...

Indicaciones de la colescistectomía en la cirugía de la obesidad mórbida

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Cruz Verdún, Joan de la

2002-01-01

La obesidad a parte de ser un problema de salud, se convierte hoy en día en un verdadero problema social. En número de pacientes obesos es mayor hoy en día, siendo la tendencia a aumentar, con cifras del 20-25% en el caso del hombre y del 25-40% en el caso de la mujer.Cuando la obesidad es simple, es decir aquella en la que el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) no pasa de 40, únicamente se refiere a un problema estético, teniendo solución la mayoría de las ocasiones mediante medidas dietéticas. Cu...

Gastrectomía en manga laparoscópica para el tratamiento de la obesidad mórbida

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Chacón V, Humberto; Salas R, Joanne; Benítez P, Gustavo; García R, Valentina; Arias L, Daniela

2009-01-01

La obesidad es el resultado de un desbalance entre la ingesta calórica y el gasto energético. La obesidad mórbida incluye pacientes con índice de masa corporal mayor a 35 con co-morbilidades asociadas o con índices mayores de 40 sin co-morbilidades. Estos pacientes no logran pérdidas del exceso de peso sostenido cuando lo intentan a través de tratamiento médico, por ello el tratamiento quirúrgico es la única opción que permite la pérdida de peso efectiva a largo plazo. La gastrectomía en mang...

El sobrepeso y la obesidad se asocian a mayor prevalencia de síntomas menopaúsicos y deterioro severo de la calidad de vida

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Ivette Romero-Pérez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: establecer en un grupo de mujeres colombianas la asociación entre obesidad y sobrepeso, síntomas menopáusicos y deterioro de la calidad de vida. Metodología: estudio transversal que hace parte del proyecto “Calidad de Vida en la Menopausia y Etnias Colombianas (CAVIMEC”, que involucra mujeres colombianas indígenas, afrodescendientes y mestizas de las costas Caribe y Pacífica. Realizado con la escala Menopause Rating Scale (MRS, versión en español, ya validada en dicho idioma. Aplicada de forma anónima y voluntaria en las comunidades de residencia con visita puerta a puerta. Las mujeres fueron agrupadas según Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC. Resultados: población de estudio: 2167 mujeres. Edad promedio: 48.6±5.9 años. IMC: 25.4±4.2. IMC normal: 44.2 %, bajo peso: 3.5 %, sobrepeso: 40.1 %, obesidad: 12.0 %. Premenopáusicas: 35.0 % y posmenopáusicas: 41.5 %. Edad promedio de menopausia: 47.4±3.7, y número promedio de años desde el último sangrado: 6.0±4.1 años. La edad promedio de menopausia se incrementó levemente con el aumento del IMC (p=0.027. La prevalencia de todos los síntomas menopáusicos y el deterioro de las dimensiones se incrementaron con el aumento en el IMC. El sobrepeso tuvo OR ajustado:1.61 (1.35-1.93 y la obesidad: OR ajustado: 1.40(1.06-1.84 para deterioro severo de la calidad de vida. Conclusiones: el sobrepeso y la obesidad se asociaron a mayor presencia de síntomas menopáusicos, mayor deterioro somático, psicológico, urogenital y mayor deterioro severo de la calidad de vida

Aspectos neuroendocrinos de la obesidad Neuroendocrine aspects of obesity

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Mario Perello

2004-06-01

Full Text Available En la fisiopatología de la obesidad intervienen factores genéticos, sociales, metabólicos, endocrinos y neurológicos. Esta multifactoriedad junto al hecho que estos factores se interrelacionan a través de mecanismos muy complejos, que son sólo parcialmente conocidos, ha llevado a que la comprensión íntima de este trastorno resulte una tarea sumamente ardua. Por estos motivos, el conocimiento integral de esta afección plantea un desafío al que actualmente están abocados numerosos grupos de investigadores. El análisis de la obesidad como un trastorno neuroendocrino, propone el estudio de este fenómeno desde una visión particular que implica disfunciones en casi todos los órganos endocrinos y en el sistema nervioso central, fundamentalmente en la actividad hipotalámica. Estas alteraciones afectan principalmente a los ejes neuroendocrinos hipotálamo-hipofiso-adrenal, adipo-insular y al control hipotalámico, tanto de la ingesta de alimento como del almacenamiento y gasto energético. Este artículo plantea una actualización en este campo; en primer lugar, se realiza una breve descripción, en forma independiente, de los principales sistemas antes mencionados y luego una descripción de su funcionamiento normal integrado. Finalmente, se describen desregulaciones de estos mecanismos y se discute como ellas contribuirían al desarrollo y/o mantenimiento de la obesidad.Genetic, social, metabolic, endocrine and neural events participate in the physiopathological development of obesity. Because of the multifactorial background of obesity, up to now, it has been very difficult to fully understand the whole disease. In fact, the relationship between several signals, through very complex mechanisms, is only partially known. Obesity, from a neuroendocrine point of view, implies taking into account abnormalities in both hypothalamic and endocrine functions. Among altered functions in obesity, namely those involving the hypothalamo

Intervenciones para prevenir la aparición de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños menores de cinco años

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Catherine Bonilla

Full Text Available RESUMEN La obesidad infantil representa uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial. En el presente artículo se exponen las intervenciones para prevenir el sobrepeso y obesidad en niños menores de cinco años. Las intervenciones dirigidas a prevenir la obesidad en infantes fueron: promoción de la lactancia materna, vigilancia del crecimiento del niño y promoción de una adecuada alimentación complementaria, a través de la consejería nutricional con enfoque de alimentación responsiva, brindadas en distintos escenarios como el centro de salud o basados en el hogar a través de visitas domiciliarias. Las intervenciones dirigidas a prevenir obesidad en los preescolares incluyen las intervenciones con componentes de actividad física y nutrición que involucren activamente a los padres. La calidad de la evidencia de la mayoría de estudios es alta debido a que proviene de ensayos clínicos controlados, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis. Todas estas intervenciones se realizan o podrían ser replicadas en nuestro país, mediante una adecuada contextualización.

Efecto de intervención física sobre alimentación y actividad física en adolescentes mexicanos con obesidad

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Norma Elva Soto Sáenz

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Un alto porcentaje de niños y adolescentes con obesidad tiende a convertirse en adultos obesos. La obesidad es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la efectividad de una intervención de enfermería con el propósito de modificar la actividad física y el consumo de alimentos ricos en grasa, en jóvenes adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad. El diseño fue pre-experimental con pre y post prueba y una medición de seguimiento. Se trabajó con 18 estudiantes obesos o con sobrepeso. La duración de la intervención fue de nueve semanas e incluyó cuatro sesiones educativas y ocho de actividad física; el seguimiento se realizó a la 13ava semana. Los resultados mostraron una disminución (t (17=-2.16; p=04 en el consumo de alimentos ricos en grasa, que no permaneció al mes de seguimiento. Hubo incremento en actividades físicas de intensidad moderada y alta. El apoyo de los padres en conservación de conductas de autocuidado no fue el esperado

Adiposidade em adolescentes e obesidade materna Relationship between maternal obesity and adiposity in adolescents

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Maria Fernanda Petroli Frutoso

2011-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a relação entre adiposidade na adolescência e obesidade materna. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal com 660 indivíduos de 8 a 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, matriculados em uma escola pública e outra privada do município de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista, medidas antropométricas e inquérito alimentar. A adiposidade na adolescência foi mensurada a partir do índice de massa corporal e, por meio de análise de regressão, verificou-se sua relação com a obesidade materna, ajustada por sexo, idade, estágio de maturação sexual, valor energético total da dieta, atividade física, sedentarismo, peso ao nascer e escolaridade materna. RESULTADOS: Dos adolescentes estudados, 64,7% eram do sexo feminino. A média (desvio-padrão de idade foi de 12,4 (1,80, variando de 8 a 17 anos. Verificou-se maior prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade entre os indivíduos do sexo masculino, não sendo observada associação significativa entre estado nutricional e sexo. Após ajuste pelas covariáveis, detectou-se que filhos de mães obesas têm risco quatro vezes maior de ser obesos, quando comparados aos adolescentes filhos de mães não obesas. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a obesidade materna representa fator de risco importante para o desenvolvimento da obesidade na adolescência.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the relationship between teenager's adiposity and maternal obesity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done with 660 teenagers aged 8 to 18 years, of both genders, students of private and public schools of São Paulo. The data were collected by interviews, anthropometric measurements and food intake records. Teenagers' adiposity was determined by body mass index and regression analyses was used to verify its relationship with maternal obesity adjusted for gender, age, stage of sexual development, energy intake, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, birth weight and

Caracterización de la obesidad en los adolescentes Characterization of obesity present in adolescents

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Raquel González Sánchez

2009-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. La obesidad ha ido aumentando en proporciones epidémicas en el mundo y se presenta muchas veces desde la niñez, por lo que resulta importante la prevención en edades tempranas. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la obesidad en los adolescentes en relación con la frecuencia de presentación, presencia de antecedentes personales y familiares, estilos de vida inadecuados y enfermedades asociadas. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, retrospectivo, entre enero y junio de 2006, que incluyó a 180 adolescentes de 4 consultorios médicos del Policlínico Plaza. Las variables de estudio fueron edad, sexo, peso, talla, circunferencia de la cintura, tensión arterial, frecuencia de consumo de alimentos, horas de actividad física y sedentarias, antecedentes personales de lactancia materna, peso al nacer y antecedentes familiares de obesidad, diabetes mellitus y diabetes gestacional. RESULTADOS. Uno de cada 5 adolescentes presentó sobrepeso corporal. El alto peso al nacer, los antecedentes familiares de obesidad, diabetes y diabetes gestacional y el consumo de alimentos grasos y azúcares fue mayor en los adolescentes con sobrepeso. Uno de cada 3 adolescentes con sobrepeso corporal presentó prehipertensión o hipertensión arterial. CONCLUSIONES. El sobrepeso corporal y la obesidad se presentaron con frecuencia en los adolescentes y estuvieron relacionados de manera significativa con el alto peso al nacer y la hipertensión arterial como enfermedad asociada frecuente.INTRODUCTION: Obesity is increasing in epidemic proportions at worldwide, and many times starts from childhood, being necessary its prevention from early ages. The aim of present paper was to characterize obesity in adolescents according to frequency of presentation, presence of personal and family backgrounds, inappropriate lifestyles, and comorbidities. METHODS: From January to June 2006, a retrospective and cross-sectional study was made

Impacto metabólico e inflamatorio de una comida rica en grasas saturadas y su relación con la obesidad abdominal.

Science.gov (United States)

Alayón, Alicia Norma; Rivadeneira, Ana Patricia; Herrera, Carlos; Guzmán, Heidy; Arellano, Dioneris; Echeverri, Isabella

2018-05-01

Introducción. La etapa posprandial se asocia con el incremento de marcadores relacionados con el riesgo cardiovascular, cuya intensidad depende del estado metabólico.Objetivo. Determinar el impacto de la ingestión de una comida rica en grasas saturadas sobre el perfil metabólico e inflamatorio y su relación con la obesidad abdominal.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un ensayo clínico en 42 individuos (21 con obesidad abdominal). Se midieron, en sangre, la glucosa, la insulina, el perfil lipídico, la proteína C reactiva, los lipopolisacáridos y la interleucina 6, en ayunas y después de la ingestión.Resultados. Además de la obesidad, se registró la presencia de resistencia a la insulina y de niveles elevados de triacilglicéridos y proteína C reactiva en ayunas. Asimismo, se detectaron niveles posprandiales más elevados de glucosa, insulina y triacilglicéridos. La interleucina 6 disminuyó en el grupo de personas sin obesidad y los lipopolisacáridos aumentaron en ambos grupos.Conclusión. La ingestión de una comida rica en grasas saturadas produjo un mayor impacto en las variables glucémicas en el grupo con obesidad y, aunque afectó de forma similar los lípidos en ambos grupos, el incremento de triacilglicéridos fue mayor en presencia de una concentración basal elevada y promovió el aumento de lipopolisacáridos. El estado inflamatorio basal y posprandial afectó en mayor medida al grupo con obesidad. El momento posprandial reflejó el estado más frecuente de los individuos en un día normal y permitió evidenciar la capacidad de respuesta metabólica frente a la ingestión de alimentos, así como los estados tempranos de riesgo metabólico.

Calidad de vida relacionada con la obesidad y la depresión en el seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN)

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Barcones-Molero, (M.F.) María Fe

2016-01-01

Las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y de estilos de vida de la muestra son similares a las descritas para personas con sobrepeso u obesidad en poblaciones comparables. La obesidad produce un impacto negativo sobre la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud, afectando más al área física que a la psicosocial y, en concreto, las mayores consecuencias adversas se encuentran para los dominios de Dolor corporal y de Función física.La disminución ponderal en personas con ...

Associações entre impulsividade, compulsão alimentar e obesidade em adolescentes

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Cibele Pereira; Ethel Zimberg Chehter

2011-01-01

La impulsividad puede ser un componente importante en el contexto de atracones y la obesidad. Objetivo, Presentación de un protocolo con el uso de prueba Palográfico para medir la impulsividad. Métodos, 60 adolescentes (10 - 20 años, Md, 13,97 años, SD 2.17) de ambos sexos se evaluaron el IMC, los atracones y la impulsividad. Resultados: Los atracones eran frecuentes en las niñas y la impulsividad en los niños. 38% de la muestra estaban por encima del peso saludable y de estos, el 13% de form...

A percepção do corpo de mulheres com diabetes mellitus e obesidade

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Valmir Aparecido de Oliveira

2010-01-01

Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa que teve o objetivo de compreender como as mulheres com diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2 e obesidade vivenciam o seu corpo, realizado no Centro de Pesquisa e Extensão Universitária do interior paulista, em 2009. O referencial teórico utilizado foi a Fenomenologia da Percepção de Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Para coleta de dados foi utilizada a questão norteadora: Como a senhora se sente com o seu corpo? Foram entrevistadas oito mulheres com diabetes melli...

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em nipo-brasileiros: comparação entre sexos e geração Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Japanese-Brazilian: comparison across sex and generation

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Rosana Farah Simony

2008-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência de sobrepeso, obesidade e obesidade abdominal em nipo-brasileiros residentes na cidade de Bauru (SP, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram obtidos a partir de um estudo transversal com 1 330 nipo-brasileiros de 1ª e 2ª geração, de ambos os sexos, com idade >30 anos. Os critérios para sobrepeso e obesidade foram índice de massa corporal entre 25-29,9kg/m² e >30kg/m², respectivamente. A obesidade abdominal foi classificada com valores de circunferência da cintura >90cm, para homens, e >80cm para mulheres. Foram calculadas as prevalências de sobrepeso, obesidade e obesidade abdominal por ponto e por intervalo, com 95% de confiança. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que a prevalência de sobrepeso em nipo-brasileiros foi de 26,1% e 27,9% na primeira geração e de 44,8% e 32,5% na segunda geração, respectivamente, para homens e mulheres. Em relação à obesidade, a prevalência entre homens foi de 3,7% e 12%, e nas mulheres de 6,6% e 9,9% respectivamente na primeira e na segunda geração. Observou-se aumento na prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade nos homens entre as gerações, apesar de as diferenças não serem estatisticamente significantes. A obesidade abdominal nos homens de primeira e segunda geração foi de 32,1% e 45,3%, e nas mulheres estes valores foram de 49,2% e 48,5%, respectivamente. No período de estudo não foram observados aumentos nas prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade estatisticamente significantes (pOBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Japanese-Brazilians living in Bauru city, São Paulo State, Brazil. METHODS: Data were from a cross-sectional population-based study of 1.330 Japanese-Brazilians from the first and second generation of both genders and aged >30 years. Overweight and obesity criteria were body mass index of 25-29.9kg/m² and >30kg/m², respectively. Abdominal obesity was classified by waist circumference >90cm for men and

Immunoneutralization of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 reduces adaptive intestinal growth in diabetic rats

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hartmann, Bolette; Thulesen, Jesper; Hare, Kristine Juul

2002-01-01

in the proximal part of the small intestine (10.84+/-0.44 mm(2)). Antibody treatment had no effect on body weight, blood glucose concentrations and food intake. Thus, blocking of endogenous GLP-2 in a model of adaptive intestinal growth reduces the growth response, providing strong evidence for a physiological......Supraphysiological doses of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) have been shown to induce intestinal growth by increasing villus height and crypt depth and by decreasing apoptosis, but a physiological effect of GLP-2 has not yet been demonstrated. Earlier, we found elevated levels of endogenous GLP-2...... in untreated streptozotocin diabetic rats associated with marked intestinal growth. In the present study, we investigated the role of endogenous GLP-2 for this adaptive response. We included four groups of six rats: (1) diabetic rats treated with saline, (2) diabetic rats treated with non-specific antibodies...

Bovine TLR2 and TLR4 mediate Cryptosporidium parvum recognition in bovine intestinal epithelial cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Zhengtao; Fu, Yunhe; Gong, Pengtao; Zheng, Jingtong; Liu, Li; Yu, Yuqiang; Li, Jianhua; Li, He; Yang, Ju; Zhang, Xichen

2015-08-01

Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is an intestinal parasite that causes diarrhea in neonatal calves. It results in significant morbidity of neonatal calves and economic losses for producers worldwide. Innate resistance against C. parvum is thought to depend on engagement of pattern recognition receptors. However, the role of innate responses to C. parvum has not been elucidated in bovine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of TLRs in host-cell responses during C. parvum infection of cultured bovine intestinal epithelial cells. The expressions of TLRs in bovine intestinal epithelial cells were detected by qRT-PCR. To determine which, if any, TLRs may play a role in the response of bovine intestinal epithelial cells to C. parvum, the cells were stimulated with C. parvum and the expression of TLRs were tested by qRT-PCR. The expression of NF-κB was detected by western blotting. Further analyses were carried out in bovine TLRs transfected HEK293 cells and by TLRs-DN transfected bovine intestinal epithelial cells. The results showed that bovine intestinal epithelial cells expressed all known TLRs. The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 were up-regulated when bovine intestinal epithelial cells were treated with C. parvum. Meanwhile, C. parvum induced IL-8 production in TLR2 or TLR4/MD-2 transfected HEK293 cells. Moreover, C. parvum induced NF-κB activation and cytokine expression in bovine intestinal epithelial cells. The induction of NF-κB activation and cytokine expression by C. parvum were reduced in TLR2-DN and TLR4-DN transfected cells. The results showed that bovine intestinal epithelial cells expressed all known TLRs, and bovine intestinal epithelial cells recognized and responded to C. parvum via TLR2 and TLR4. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prevalência e fatores associados a sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares da rede pública Prevalence and factors associated to overweight and obesity in public schools

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Paula Afonso Rodrigues

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares e sua associação com variáveis ambientais. Foram estudados 480 alunos da rede pública, através de avaliação antropométrica, peso e altura (IMC, segundo sexo e idade e de acordo com os parâmetros da OMS e IOTF. Os fatores ambientais foram obtidos a partir de questionário aplicado junto aos escolares. O programa Epi Info, versão 3.3.2, foi utilizado para entrada e análise dos dados. A prevalência de obesidade varia consideravelmente conforme o critério usado. Segundo parâmetros da IOTF, 7,1% dos escolares foram considerados obesos, ao passo que, de acordo com critérios da OMS, a prevalência de obesidade foi igual a 18%. O fator de risco significante para a obesidade da criança e adolescente foi apenas a obesidade do pai (RP = 1,08; IC: 0,57-2,04. O perfil nutricional dos escolares serve como subsídio para o monitoramento de tendências de sobrepeso nesse grupo e para a elaboração de medidas preventivas.This study assessed the association between environmental factors and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in public schools. It was studied 480 students, by means of anthropometric measurements evaluation, weight and height BMI by sex and age and in accordance with the parameters of WHO and IOTF. Environmental information was obtained using a questionnaire applied to students. The Epi Info Program, version 3.3.2, was used to data collection and analysis. Prevalence rates of obesity varied according to the criteria it was used. According to the IOTF, prevalence of obesity was 7.1%, while, according parameters of the WHO, the prevalence was 18%. The significant risk factor for obesity was the father obesity (PR = 1.08; CI: 0.57-2.04. We concluded that the nutritional profile of the school serves as a subsidy for tracking trends of overweight in this group. This study could instruct the rationalization of the use of the time and public

Fitoterapia como coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la obesidad

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López-Regueiro S

2012-12-01

Full Text Available La obesidad es uno de los problemas de salud más importantes a nivel mundial debido a su relación con numerosas patologías como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, la hipertensión y el aumento importante en el riesgo cardiovascular. La base del tratamiento es la dieta y el ejercicio físico, pero en muchos casos no es suficiente y es necesario combinarlo con tratamiento farmacológico. Recientemente se ha retirado sibutramina del mercado por lo que sólo se dispone de orlistat, que no está exento de contraindicaciones y efectos secundarios. Ante esta situación, se ha vuelto a retomar el tratamiento fitoterápico, aunque, en muchas ocasiones, con numerosas dudas. Esta revisión pretende aportar la información necesaria sobre las principales plantas utilizadas en este tratamiento.

Fitoterapia como coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la obesidad

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López-Regueiro S

2013-03-01

Full Text Available La obesidad es uno de los problemas de salud más importantes a nivel mundial debido a su relación con numerosas patologías como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, la hipertensión y el aumento importante en el riesgo cardiovascular. La base del tratamiento es la dieta y el ejercicio físico, pero en muchos casos no es sufi ciente y es necesario combinarlo con tratamiento farmacológico. Recientemente se ha retirado sibutramina del mercado por lo que sólo se dispone de orlistat, que no está exento de contraindicaciones y efectos secundarios. Ante esta situación, se ha vuelto a retomar el tratamiento fi toterápico, aunque, en muchas ocasiones, con numerosas dudas. Esta revisión pretende aportar la información necesaria sobre las principales plantas utilizadas en este tratamiento.

Exogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) prevents chemotherapy-induced mucositis in rat small intestine

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kissow, Hannelouise; Viby, Niels-Erik; Hartmann, Bolette

2012-01-01

was analysed for weight loss, morphometric estimates and proliferation. Study 2 Rats were treated with GLP-2 or control vehicle 2 days before a single injection of 5-FU or saline. The treatments continued until kill 2 days after. The intestine was investigated for influx of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive cells...... and morphometric estimates, such as villus height, as a marker of mucositis. RESULTS STUDY 1: Two days after chemotherapy, there was a rise in endogenous GLP-2, followed by a marked increase in proliferation. Study 2 Exogenous GLP-2 was able to protect the intestine from severe weight loss and completely prevented...

Informe Signos Vitales de los CDC Obesidad infantil - (Childhood Obesity)

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Podcasts

2013-08-06

Este podcast se basa en el informe Signos Vitales de los CDC de agosto del 2013. La tasa de obesidad entre los niños en edad prescolar de bajos ingresos ha disminuido, pero todavía uno de cada seis niños hispanos es obeso. Este programa habla brevemente sobre lo que se puede hacer.  Created: 8/6/2013 by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).   Date Released: 8/6/2013.

Esterification of xanthophylls by human intestinal Caco-2 cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Sugawara, Tatsuya; Yamashita, Kyoko; Asai, Akira; Nagao, Akihiko; Shiraishi, Tomotaka; Imai, Ichiro; Hirata, Takashi

2009-03-15

We recently found that peridinin, which is uniquely present in dinoflagellates, reduced cell viability by inducing apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. Peridinin is also found in edible clams and oysters because the major food sources of those shellfish are phytoplanktons such as dinoflagellates. Little is known, however, about the fate of dietary peridinin and its biological activities in mammals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the enzymatic esterification of xanthophylls, especially peridinin which is uniquely present in dinoflagellates, using differentiated cultures of Caco-2 human intestinal cells. We found that peridinin is converted to peridininol and its fatty acid esters in differentiated Caco-2 cells treated with 5mumol/L peridinin solubilized with mixed micelles. The cell homogenate was also able to deacetylate peridinin and to esterify peridininol. Other xanthophylls, such as fucoxanthin, astaxanthin and zeaxanthin, were also esterified, but at relatively lower rates than peridinin. In this study, we found the enzymatic esterification of xanthophylls in mammalian intestinal cells for the first time. Our results suggest that the esterification of xanthophylls in intestinal cells is dependent on their polarity.

Hipertensión arterial y obesidad en indígenas asháninkas de la región Junín, Perú

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Candice Romero

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y obesidad en indígenas asháninkas, con limitado contacto con la cultura occidental, se realizó el 2008 un estudio transversal en cinco comunidades asháninkas de la región Junín en la selva del Perú. Se incluyó pobladores de 35 años a más siendo evaluados 76 sujetos (edad promedio 47,4 años, 52,6% mujeres, correspondientes al 43,2% de la población elegible. La prevalencia de hipertensión fue 14,5% (IC 95%: 6,4-22,6 y de obesidad según índice de masa corporal 4% (IC 95%: 0-8,4, sin diferencias según sexo. No hubo diferencias en niveles de presión arterial por grupos de edad. Comparada con estudios previos en pobladores no indígenas de la selva peruana la prevalencia de hipertensión fue elevada. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de obesidad fue baja. Nuestros hallazgos constituyen un llamado para no desatender la situación de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en las poblaciones indígenas de la Amazonia del Perú

Small intestinal efflux mediated by MRP2 and BCRP shifts sulfasalazine intestinal permeability from high to low, enabling its colonic targeting.

Science.gov (United States)

Dahan, Arik; Amidon, Gordon L

2009-08-01

Sulfasalazine is characterized by low intestinal absorption, which essentially enables its colonic targeting and therapeutic action. The mechanisms behind this low absorption have not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of efflux transporters in the intestinal absorption of sulfasalazine as a potential mechanism for its low small-intestinal absorption and colonic targeting following oral administration. The effects of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitors on sulfasalazine bidirectional permeability were studied across Caco-2 cell monolayers, including dose-response analysis. Sulfasalazine in vivo permeability was then investigated in the rat jejunum by single-pass perfusion, in the presence vs. absence of inhibitors. Sulfasalazine exhibited 19-fold higher basolateral-to-apical (BL-AP) than apical-to-basolateral (AP-BL) Caco-2 permeability, indicative of net mucosal secretion. MRP2 inhibitors (MK-571 and indomethacin) and BCRP inhibitors [fumitremorgin C (FTC) and pantoprazole] significantly increased AP-BL and decreased BL-AP sulfasalazine Caco-2 transport in a concentration-dependent manner. No effect was observed with the P-gp inhibitors verapamil and quinidine. The IC50 values of the specific MRP2 and BCRP inhibitors MK-571 and FTC on sulfasalazine secretion were 21.5 and 2.0 microM, respectively. Simultaneous inhibition of MRP2 and BCRP completely abolished sulfasalazine Caco-2 efflux. Without inhibitors, sulfasalazine displayed low (vs. metoprolol) in vivo intestinal permeability in the rat model. MK-571 or FTC significantly increased sulfasalazine permeability, bringing it to the low-high permeability boundary. With both MK-571 and FTC present, sulfasalazine displayed high permeability. In conclusion, efflux transport mediated by MRP2 and BCRP, but not P-gp, shifts sulfasalazine permeability from high to low, thereby enabling its

Obesity trends and determinant factors in Latin America Tendencias en la obesidad y factores determinantes en América Latina

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Juliana Kain

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Obesity rates have increased markedly in Latin America, especially during the last 10-15 years, becoming a public health problem in most countries. Prevalence of obesity among preschool children remains low, while among schoolchildren it has increased considerably. Prevalence is high in the adult population, especially among women with less schooling. In developed populations, obesity occurs more frequently among the poor; the opposite occurs in less developed societies, where in households undergoing nutritional transition, underweight can coexist with obesity. The most important determinant factors involved in the increasing obesity prevalence are fetal and infant nutritional conditions (stunting, education and socioeconomic conditions, dietary changes (especially increased total energy intake, and physical inactivity. Because chronic diseases are the main causes of death in the Region and obesity is one of the main risk factors for these diseases, policies to improve economic and educational levels with the implementation of health promotion and prevention should be a priority in every country.En América Latina la obesidad ha aumentado considerablemente llegando a convertirse en un problema de salud pública en casi todos los países. La prevalencia de obesidad es baja entre los preescolares, pero ha aumentado significativamente entre los escolares. En los adultos, la prevalencia es alta, especialmente entre las mujeres con menor educación. En sociedades más desarrolladas, la obesidad aparece más frecuentemente entre los pobres, lo opuesto ocurre en poblaciones pobres, donde, además, puede coexistir la desnutrición junto a la obesidad. Los factores de riesgo más importantes relacionados con el incremento de la obesidad son: las condiciones fetales y la situación nutricional durante la infancia (talla baja, características socioeconómicas y nivel educacional, aspectos dietéticos y la inactividad física. Por ello, y debido a que las

Gut microbiota regulates NKG2D ligand expression on intestinal epithelial cells

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Camilla Hartmann Friis; Holm, Thomas L.; Krych, Lukasz

2013-01-01

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are one of a few cell types in the body with constitutive surface expression of natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) ligands, although the magnitude of ligand expression by IECs varies. Here, we investigated whether the gut microbiota regulates the NKG2D ligand...... expression is kept in check by an intestinal regulatory immune milieu induced by members of the gut microbiota, for example A. muciniphila....

Obesidade e excesso de peso em adultos indígenas Xukuru do Ororubá, Pernambuco, Brasil: magnitude, fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos associados

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Thatiana Regina Fávaro

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudo transversal visa a descrever a distribuição de excesso de peso e obesidade e sua associação com variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas entre 794 adultos indígenas, de 19 a 59 anos, da etnia Xukuru do Ororubá, povo indígena cujas terras estão localizadas no Município de Pesqueira, agreste de Pernambuco, Brasil. A análise da associação entre as variáveis de desfecho, excesso de peso (IMC > 24,99kg/m2 e obesidade (> 29,99kg/m2 e as variáveis explicativas foi realizada utilizando-se regressão logística multinível. Entre as mulheres, 52,2% estavam com excesso de peso e 21% obesas. Para os homens, as prevalências foram de 44,1% e 7,5%, respectivamente. As variáveis sexo feminino e idade (> 30 anos estiveram associadas à ocorrência de ambos os agravos. Status socioeconômico e interação sexo masculino e renda per capita elevada apresentaram associação com obesidade. Assim como observado em outras populações indígenas, os achados sugerem que os Xukuru estão atravessando um acelerado processo de transição nutricional.

Urinary KIM-1, NGAL and L-FABP for the diagnosis of AKI in patients with acute coronary syndrome or heart failure undergoing coronary angiography.

Science.gov (United States)

Torregrosa, Isidro; Montoliu, Carmina; Urios, Amparo; Andrés-Costa, María Jesús; Giménez-Garzó, Carla; Juan, Isabel; Puchades, María Jesús; Blasco, María Luisa; Carratalá, Arturo; Sanjuán, Rafael; Miguel, Alfonso

2015-11-01

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after coronary angiography. Early biomarkers of this disease are needed since increase in serum creatinine levels is a late marker. To assess the usefulness of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (uL-FABP) for early detection of AKI in these patients, comparing their performance with another group of cardiac surgery patients. Biomarkers were measured in 193 patients, 12 h after intervention. In the ROC analysis, AUC for KIM-1, NGAL and L-FABP was 0.713, 0.958 and 0.642, respectively, in the coronary angiography group, and 0.716, 0.916 and 0.743 in the cardiac surgery group. Urinary KIM-1 12 h after intervention is predictive of AKI in adult patients undergoing coronary angiography, but NGAL shows higher sensitivity and specificity. L-FABP provides inferior discrimination for AKI than KIM-1 or NGAL in contrast to its performance after cardiac surgery. This is the first study showing the predictive capacity of KIM-1 for AKI after coronary angiography. Further studies are still needed to answer relevant questions about the clinical utility of biomarkers for AKI in different clinical settings.

La obesidad, un estado de envejecimiento prematuro: estudio conductual, inmunitario y de estrés oxidativo en modelos murinos

OpenAIRE

Castro de Frutos, Nuria María de

2016-01-01

La obesidad se puede definir como un estado de desequilibrio entre la ingestión y el gasto de calorías que conlleva una excesiva o anormal acumulación de grasa corporal. La prevalencia de esta enfermedad ha aumentado de manera alarmante en la mayor parte de los países, alcanzando proporciones epidémicas en los últimos años, representando uno de los problemas de salud más importantes. La etiología de la obesidad es multifactorial, en ella están implicados factores genéticos, metabólicos, medio...

Estudio sobre el abordaje de la obesidad a sobrepeso tras una aproximación terapeútica basada en el premio-castigo

OpenAIRE

Hermosín Peña, Marta

2014-01-01

En el presente trabajo realizamos una revisión sobre el sobrepeso y obesidad y su abordaje dentro de una consulta nutricional. Hemos querido realizarlo desde un enfoque psicoterapéutico, dando protagonismo al coaching nutricional y al modelo conceptual del premio-castigo. Tras una introducción general sobre la obesidad, el sobrepeso y sus problemas asociados, pasamos a revisar su prevención, su tratamiento psicológico y las bases para estas terapias. Aclaramos la problemátic...

Hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y binomio ansiedad/depresión como factores de riesgo asociados con el desarrollo de obesidad en población militar

OpenAIRE

M.A. Vazquez Guzman

2014-01-01

Antecedentes y objetivos: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son reconocidos como uno de los retos de salud pública del mundo. El objetivo fue determinar si los hábitos alimentarios, actividad física, y ansiedad y depresión, son factores de riesgo asociados con el desarrollo de obesidad en población militar mexicana. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, tipo casos y controles, en el que se determinó la prevalencia de sobrepeso-obesidad, definida como sujetos con un IMC>...

Sobrepeso y obesidad en relación a condiciones socio-ambientales de Niños residentes en San Rafael, Mendoza

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Oyhenart, Evelia Edith

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El exceso de peso representa un problema emergente en salud pública, su prevalencia varía según zona de residencia, nivel socio-económico, edad y sexo. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños urbanos y rurales del Departamento de San Rafael, Mendoza, en relación a las condiciones socio-ambientales. Se realizó un estudio antropométrico transversal en 1176 individuos de 6 a 12 años. Se relevaron peso corporal, talla y pliegues subcutáneos tricipital y subescapular. El sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron determinados utilizando los criterios del International Obesity Task Force. El patrón de distribución adiposa se analizó mediante el índice Subescapular/Tricipital (IST. Un valor de IST>1 indicó centralización adiposa. El relevamiento socio-ambiental se realizó mediante encuesta autoadministrada. Los datos fueron procesados por análisis de componentes principales categórico (catACP. El catACP discriminó cuatro grupos según su condición socio-ambiental: Urbano: (Alto, Medio y Empobrecido y Rural. Las prevalencias para sobrepeso fueron de 14,4% y para obesidad de 7,6%, siendo las diferencias sexuales no significativas. La población con sobrepeso presentó en ambos sexos, valores de IST<1. En los varones obesos el IST fue >1 a partir de los 9 años y en las mujeres a los 9 y 12 años. El sobrepeso se distribuyó homogéneamente en los cuatro grupos, en tanto que la obesidad fue mayor en el grupo con características rurales. Los resultados dan cuenta del creciente aumento del sobrepeso con distribución homogénea e independiente de la condición socioeconómica. La obesidad en cambio, se concentra principalmente en la zona rural.

Consequences of Mrp2 deficiency for diclofenac toxicity in the rat intestine ex vivo

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Niu, Xiaoyu; de Graaf, Inge A. M.; van de Vegte, Dennis; Langelaar-Makkinje, Miriam; Sekine, Shuichi; Groothuis, Geny M. M.

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) has a high prevalence of intestinal side effects in humans and rats. It has been reported that Mrp2 transporter deficient rats (Mrp2) are more resistant to DCF induced intestinal toxicity. This was explained in vivo by impaired Mrp2-dependent

Activated Α7nachr Improves Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Intestinal Injury Induced by Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Rats: Inhibition of the Proinflammatory Response Through the Th17 Immune Response

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Keyan Chen

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Backgrund/Aims: To investigate the effects of activated α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD and intestinal injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB and its relationship with the Th17 response in order to provide a theoretical basis for organ protection and targeted drug therapy during the perioperative period. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rat models of CPB were established. Rat intestinal and brain injuries were observed after CPB using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cell apoptosis was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. Inflammatory factors and markers of brain injury in rat serum were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, ZO-1, occludin, AQP4, RORγT, and α7nAchR were examined using western blotting. Transcription factor RORγT expression was determined using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Th17 cells in the peripheral blood and spleen were determined using flow cytometry. α7nAchR knockout rats were established. The Th17 response in the peripheral blood and spleen of α7nAchR knockout rats was further verified using flow cytometry. Results: CPB can induce POCD and intestinal injury in rats. α7nAchR activation markedly reduced intestinal injury, POCD, neuronal apoptosis, proinflammatory factor expression, and number of CD4+IL-17+ cells. α7nAchR knockout significantly increased serum D-lactic acid, FABP2, S-100β, NSE, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 secretion. The number of CD4+IL-17+ cells was also significantly increased. Conclusion: α7nAchR activation markedly ameliorates the intestinal injury and POCD induced by CPB. Inhibition of the Th17 immune response can reduce the proinflammatory response, which could provide a new method for clinical perioperative organ protection and targeted drug therapy.

7th to 9th grade obese adolescents’ perceptions about obesity in tamaulipas, Mexico Percepciones de la obesidad de adolescentes obesos estudiantes del 7º al 9º grado residentes en Tamaulipas, México Percepções da obesidade de adolescentes obesos, estudantes do 7º ao 9º grau residentes em Tamaulipas, México

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Ma. de la Luz Martínez-Aguilar

2010-02-01

Full Text Available The objective was to explore obese adolescents’ perceptions about obesity among students in the seventh to ninth grade of a public school in Tamaulipas, Mexico. This is a qualitative study. Participants were 24 adolescents with a body mass index equal to or greater than the 95th percentile. Semistructured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached and the meaning was understood. The adolescents defined obesity according to standards of measurement. They identified the hereditary factor as the main obesity cause, tended to underestimate obesity and had low self-esteem. They reported problems to do physical exercise and get clothes in order to improve their image, and feel rejected by their peers in school. It was identified that these adolescents have psychological defense mechanisms against obesity and that some of them are making efforts to lose weight. Obesity entails social and psychological health implications for persons suffering from this problem. Interventions should be put in practice.El objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar las percepciones de la obesidad de adolescentes obesos estudiantes del 7º al 9º grado de una institución pública en Tamaulipas, México. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo en el cual participaron 24 adolescentes que tenían un índice de masa corporal superior al percentil 95. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas hasta obtener la saturación de los datos y la comprensión del significado. Los adolescentes definieron la obesidad de acuerdo a los estándares de medición, identificaron como causa principal el factor hereditario, tendieron a subestimar la obesidad y presentaron baja autoestima, relataron problemas cuando realizan actividad física y para conseguir ropa que pudiese mejorar su imagen, y se sienten rechazados por sus pares o iguales en la escuela. Se identificó que cuentan con mecanismos psicológicos de defensa ante la obesidad y algunos de ellos están realizando

Obesity, overweight and socioeconomic conditions. The Argentinian CASE Obesidad, sobrepeso y condiciones socioeconómicas. El caso argentino

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Valentina Viego

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Obesity has been classified by the World Health Organization as a worldwide epidemic. This issue is a growing field in economics due to pathologies associated with overweight, the significant impact on healthcare costs and consequent deterioration of welfare. This paper shows the analysis of the results from the National Survey of Risk Factors in order to identify the role of socioeconomic conditions of obesity and overweight based on panel data models. The results indicate that the income level and sedentary lifestyle have positively influenced obesity and overweight, whereas the education and medical coverage are not relevant when explaining the differences between provinces in overweight prevalence, but become significant in the obesity rates variationsLa obesidad ha sido clasificada por la OMS como epidemia mundial. Su estudio ocupa un lugar destacado en la Economía de la Salud debido a su impacto sobre los costos sanitarios y deterioro de la calidad de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo estableciendo la incidencia de las condiciones socioeconómicas sobre indicadores de obesidad y sobrepeso en las provincias  argentinas. Se estimó un modelo con datos de panel donde el indicador testigo de la proporción de población con problemas de peso depende de variables socioeconómicas y de variables de conducta. Los resultados indican que el nivel de ingreso y el sedentarismo tienen una influencia positiva sobre la obesidad y el sobrepeso mientras que la educación y la cobertura médica no resultan relevantes en la explicación de las diferencias entre provincias en la proporción de población con sobrepeso, pero sí se vuelven significativas para explicar las variaciones en la tasa de obesidad

High Serum Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

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Jer-Chuan Li

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP is a key mediator of obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MetS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between A-FABP concentration and MetS in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM patients. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 165 type 2 DM volunteers. MetS and its components were defined using diagnostic criteria from the International Diabetes Federation. Among 165 DM patients, 113 patients (68.5% had MetS. Diabetic persons who had MetS had significantly higher A-FABP levels (P<0.001 than those without MetS. Female DM persons had higher A-FABP level than man (P<0.001. No statistically significant differences in A-FABP levels were found in use of statin, fibrate, or antidiabetic drugs. Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that body fat mass (P<0.001, logarithmically transformed creatinine (log-creatinine; P<0.001, female DM patients (P<0.001, and logarithmically transformed high sensitive C-reactive protein (log-hs-CRP; P=0.013 were positively correlated, while albumin (P=0.004 and glomerular filtration rate (GFR; P=0.043 were negatively correlated with serum A-FABP levels in type 2 DM patients. In this study, higher serum A-FABP level was positively associated with MetS in type 2 DM patients.

Las creencias sobre obesidad de niños y niñas en edad escolar y las de sus progenitores

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Holst Schumacher, Ileana

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Resumen: El propósito de este artículo es evidenciar, mediante el método etnográfico, las creencias sobre la obesidad de niños y niñas en edad escolar y las de sus progenitores, pertenecientes a una escuela urbana y pública de San José, Costa Rica. Los resultados apuntan hacia las creencias negativas de la niñez respecto a sus pares con obesidad y sus implicaciones psicosociales y afectivas. En relación con los progenitores se señalan las causas y estrategias de control, las implicaciones de la obesidad, referente a enfermedades físicas y emocionales; el papel del hogar y de la escuela en su prevención. Se concluye que los niños y las niñas creen que la obesidad no es una enfermedad, sino una expresión fenotípica, a la cual le dan grado de relatividad o de escala y la consideran no deseable, resultado que concuerda con la de sus progenitores. Las niñas participantes con obesidad expresaron sus posiciones de defensa y molestia, en relación con experiencias burlescas. Al contrario de sus hijos e hijas, la mayoría de los progenitores sí cree que la obesidad es una enfermedad o un problema de salud o de estética. Además, estiman que esta se controla utilizando una dieta saludable y equilibrada, dando consejos sobre las consecuencias físicas y emocionales de la obesidad y ofreciendo modelos de personas saludables. Por lo tanto, los progenitores y el personal docente creen que la escuela poco puede hacer respecto a la alimentación saludable del alumnado, pues el hogar es el lugar que tiene un papel primordial. Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to unveil beliefs about obesity of school children with this condition and those of their parents, in an urban public school in San Jose, Costa Rica. Ethnography was used to describe and understand, in depth, the beliefs toward children with obesity. The results were: children negative beliefs about obesity, its psychological, social and affective consequences, parents beliefs refer

Obesidad: Tratamiento no farmacológico y prevención Obesity: treatment and prevention

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María Matilde Socarrás Suárez

2002-04-01

Full Text Available La obesidad es un importante problema de salud en nuestros días, por el riesgo aumentado de morbilidad y mortalidad, sobre todo por las enfermedades cardiovasculares que provoca. El objetivo de este trabajo fue actualizar los conocimientos acerca del tratamiento no farmacológico y la prevención de la enfermedad. Se expuso que en el 95 % de los casos la obesidad es de origen exógeno o nutricional, y en el 5 %, de causa genética o endocrina. En relación con los factores genéticos, las investigaciones plantean las diferentes mutaciones que se acompañan de fenotipos obesos. Se señalaron los diferentes métodos empleados para el diagnóstico de la obesidad, antropométricamente. Se afirmó que en la actualidad es muy utilizado el IMC y la relación cintura/cadera. Se concluyó que el tratamiento de la obesidad supone modificaciones dietéticas, actividad física e intervención conductual y/o psicológica y que la prevención sigue siendo la acción fundamental para evitar su aparición por lo que los esfuerzos de todos los médicos se deben dirigir hacia este problema de salud.Obesity is an important health problem at present due to the increased risk of morbidity and mortality and, mainly, to the cardiovascular diseases resulting from it. The objective of this paper was to bring up to date the knowledge about the nonpharmacological treatment and the prevention of the disease. It was explained that in 95 % of the cases, obesity has an exogenous or nutritional origin, whereas in the other 5 % its cause is genetic or endocrine. In relation to the genetic factors, the investigations state the different mutations that are accompanied by obese phenotypes.The different anthropometric methods used to diagnose obesity were described. It was confirmed that nowadays the BMI and the waist/hip relationship are widely used. It was concluded that the obesity treatment pressuposes diet modifications, physical activity and behavioral and/or psychological

Autophagy and tight junction proteins in the intestine and intestinal diseases

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Chien-An A. Hu

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The intestinal epithelium (IE forms an indispensible barrier and interface between the intestinal interstitium and the luminal environment. The IE regulates water, ion and nutrient transport while providing a barrier against toxins, pathogens (bacteria, fungi and virus and antigens. The apical intercellular tight junctions (TJ are responsible for the paracellular barrier function and regulate trans-epithelial flux of ions and solutes between adjacent cells. Increased intestinal permeability caused by defects in the IE TJ barrier is considered an important pathogenic factor for the development of intestinal inflammation, diarrhea and malnutrition in humans and animals. In fact, defects in the IE TJ barrier allow increased antigenic penetration, resulting in an amplified inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, necrotizing enterocolitis and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Conversely, the beneficial enhancement of the intestinal TJ barrier has been shown to resolve intestinal inflammation and apoptosis in both animal models of IBD and human IBD. Autophagy (self-eating mechanism is an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation and recycling pathway essential for cell survival and homeostasis. Dysregulated autophagy has been shown to be directly associated with many pathological processes, including IBD. Importantly, the crosstalk between IE TJ and autophagy has been revealed recently. We showed that autophagy enhanced IE TJ barrier function by increasing transepithelial resistance and reducing the paracellular permeability of small solutes and ions, which is, in part, by targeting claudin-2, a cation-selective, pore-forming, transmembrane TJ protein, for lysosome (autophagy-mediated degradation. Interestingly, previous studies have shown that the inflamed intestinal mucosa in patients with active IBD has increased claudin-2 expression. In addition, inflammatory cytokines (for example, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6

Whole Adult Organism Transcriptional Profiling of Acute Metal Exposures in Male Zebrafish

Science.gov (United States)

2014-03-10

gallbladder, gills, heart, gonad (ovary), gonad (testis), hematopoietic tissue, interrenal tissue, intestine, kidney, liver , mesonephric duct , nares,Table 1...gys2), lipid metabolism (fabp1), and canalicular bile acid transport (abcc2) (Figure 5B) suggest metabolic perturbations in the liver and/or gut- liver ...zebrafish were included in the analysis because of concern that RNAs encoding vitellogenin and other liver -abundant egg proteins found in breeding

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes de diferentes condições socioeconômicas Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents of different socioeconomic conditions

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Giselia Alves Pontes da Silva

2005-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: comparar as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade em um grupo de pré-escolares, escolares e adolescentes de diferentes condições socioeconômicas na cidade do Recife. MÉTODOS: estudo do tipo transversal envolvendo uma amostra de 1616 crianças e adolescentes, escolhida por conveniência. Os indicadores nutricionais foram definidos conforme as recomendações do National Center of Health Statistics 2000, sendo considerado sobrepeso o índice de massa corporal igual ou superior ao percentil 85 e inferior ao percentil 95 e obesidade, o índice de massa corporal igual ou superior ao percentil 95. RESULTADOS: foi identificado sobrepeso em 234 (14,5% indivíduos e obesidade, em 134 (8,3%. A prevalência de sobrepeso foi maior nos pré-escolares (22,2%, observando-se redução progressiva da freqüência nas faixas etárias de escolar (12,9% e adolescente (10,8%. Constatou-se fato idêntico quanto à obesidade, detectada em 13,8% dos pré-escolares, 8,2% dos escolares e 4,9% dos adolescentes. O sobrepeso e a obesidade foram mais observados entre crianças e adolescentes de melhor condição socioeconômica. CONCLUSÕES: as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade diminuíram à medida que ocorreu aumento da faixa etária. Entre os pré-escolares observou-se prevalência de sobrepeso semelhante, independente das condições socioeconômicas. A prevalência da obesidade foi maior entre escolares de boas condições socioeconômicas e adolescentes de baixa condição socioeconômica.OBJECTIVES: to compare overweight and obesity in preschool children, school children and adolescents belonging to different socioeconomic conditions. METHODS: cross-sectional and based on a 1616 children and adolescents sample. Nutritional indicators were defined according to the National Center of Health Statistics 2000 recommendations, overweight being BMI equal to or above 85 percentile and below percentile 95; obesity indicator being defined with BMI equal to

Intestinal Obstruction

Science.gov (United States)

... Colostomy ) is required to relieve an obstruction. Understanding Colostomy In a colostomy, the large intestine (colon) is cut. The part ... 1 What Causes Intestinal Strangulation? Figure 2 Understanding Colostomy Gastrointestinal Emergencies Overview of Gastrointestinal Emergencies Abdominal Abscesses ...

Índice de adiposidad corporal como predictor de obesidad y de síndrome metabólico en adultos de Bogotá, Colombia

OpenAIRE

González-Ruíz, Katherine; Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique

2015-01-01

Recientemente, Bergman et al. desarrollaron el índice de adiposidad corporal (IAC), como un marcador de obesidad por exceso de grasa corporal en la práctica clínica. En este estudio se evaluó la validez del IAC como marcador de obesidad por exceso de adiposidad, además de examinar la capacidad predictiva del IAC con componentes e índices metabólicos asociados al SM en adultos de Bogotá, Colombia.

Intestinal CYP2E1: A mediator of alcohol-induced gut leakiness

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Christopher B. Forsyth

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Chronic alcohol use can result in many pathological effects including alcoholic liver disease (ALD. While alcohol is necessary for the development of ALD, only 20–30% of alcoholics develop alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH with progressive liver disease leading to cirrhosis and liver failure (ALD. This suggests that while chronic alcohol consumption is necessary it is not sufficient to induce clinically relevant liver damage in the absence of a secondary risk factor. Studies in rodent models and alcoholic patients show that increased intestinal permeability to microbial products like endotoxin play a critical role in promoting liver inflammation in ALD pathogenesis. Therefore identifying mechanisms of alcohol-induced intestinal permeability is important in identifying mechanisms of ALD and for designing new avenues for therapy. Cyp2e1 is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes alcohol has been shown to be upregulated by chronic alcohol use and to be a major source of oxidative stress and liver injury in alcoholics and in animal and in vitro models of chronic alcohol use. Because Cyp2e1 is also expressed in the intestine and is upregulated by chronic alcohol use, we hypothesized it could play a role in alcohol-induced intestinal hyperpermeability. Our in vitro studies with intestinal Caco-2 cells and in mice fed alcohol showed that circadian clock proteins CLOCK and PER2 are required for alcohol-induced permeability. We also showed that alcohol increases Cyp2e1 protein and activity but not mRNA in Caco-2 cells and that an inhibitor of oxidative stress or siRNA knockdown of Cyp2e1 prevents the increase in CLOCK or PER2 proteins and prevents alcohol-induced hyperpermeability. With our collaborators we have also shown that Cyp2e1 knockout mice are resistant to alcohol-induced gut leakiness and liver inflammation. Taken together our data support a novel Cyp2e1-circadian clock protein mechanism for alcohol-induced gut leakiness that could provide new

Obesidade infantil: uma reflexão sobre dinâmica familiar numa visão etnográfica

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Márcio Flávio Moura de Araújo

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Estudo reflexivo que tem como objetivo enfocar a contribuição da Etnografia para o cuidado de Enfermagem relacionado à obesidade infantil numa dinâmica familiar inadequada. O presente artigo aborda a ascensão da obesidade no Brasil, particularmente na população infantil e tenta compreender de que maneira esta doença pode estar vinculada a características familiares como: sedentarismo, hiperfagia, desmame precoce e padrões culturais prejudiciais à saúde. A reflexão ressalta que, nessa compreensão, o enfermeiro pode utilizar a Etnografia, a fim de entender o simbolismo que exerce o alimento na família e suas repercussões na educação alimentar infantil. Conclui-se que a Etnografia aguça a percepção do enfermeiro, podendo facilitar a implantação da educação em saúde nessas famílias onde a adiposidade infantil surge devido uma conjectura propícia para a sua gênese. Dessa forma, a Enfermagem contribui para uma melhoria da qualidade de vida dos obesos e para redução da morbi-mortalidade de patologias associadas à obesidade.

Efectos de los programas de intervención enfocados al tratamiento del sobrepeso/obesidad infantil y adolescente

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D. Rocha Silva

2014-03-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la efectividad de los programas de intervención basados en actividad física (AF y control dietético sobre el sobrepeso y/u obesidad en población infantil y adolescente. La búsqueda bibliográfica fue realizada en bases de datos electrónicas abarcando el período comprendido entre el 1 de julio de 2006 y el 30 de abril de 2012. Del total de 1.696 estudios encontrados inicialmente, se incluyeron 28 artículos que describieron 23 programas de AF y orientación alimentaria destinados a niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso/obesidad. Diecisiete programas fueron dirigidos a niños y adolescentes y 6 fueron diseñados específicamente para adolescentes. En 10 de los estudios, la condición física (CF fue adicionalmente valorada. Los resultados parecen señalar que la AF asociada con orientación nutricional produce efectos positivos en la reducción del peso e índice de masa corporal (IMC. Resaltamos la necesidad de diseñar programas específicos para adolescentes, así como valorar objetivamente la eficacia de dichos programas a largo plazo en poblaciones de niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso/obesidad.

Efecto del estrés durante diferentes etapas del ciclo vital sobre el desarrollo de obesidad inducida por la dieta

OpenAIRE

Paternain, L. (Laura); Martinez, J.A. (José Alfredo); Campión-Zabalza, J. (Javier)

2016-01-01

La creciente prevalencia de la obesidad no puede ser atribuible únicamente a factores genéticos o a una mala nutrición como pueden ser las dietas altas en grasa, sino también al estilo de vida y a factores ambientales adversos. Dentro del estilo de vida, la sociedad actual se caracteriza por tener un ritmo acelerado, lo que produce una elevación de la tasa de estrés en la población. Este aumento paralelo tanto de las tasas de obesidad como del estrés, hace necesario el estudio de la interacci...

Obesidad infantil, resistencia a la insulina y síndrome metabólico

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Belkis Vicente Sánchez

2016-01-01

La obesidad infantil se ha convertido en un importante problema de salud a nivel mundial, a tal punto que la Organización Mundial de la Salud ha denominado a esta enfermedad como una epidemia. Es uno de los retos más difíciles de enfrentar en el nuevo siglo, con un incremento proporcional entre los niños y adolescentes.

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares da rede pública e particular da cidade de fortaleza

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Fernando Alberto Ramirez de Paula

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares da rede pública e particular da cidade de Fortaleza-CE. Métodos: Pesquisa observacional, transversal, desenvolvida no período de agosto a novembro de 2012, com amostra composta por 217 crianças na faixa etária entre 7 e 11 anos. Avaliaram-se os parâmetros antropométricos de massa corporal, estatura e índice de massa corporal (IMC. Realizou-se a análise dos dados com o auxílio do Predictive Analytics SoftWare. Resultados: Encontrou-se a média da idade das crianças de 8,1 anos. Na massa corporal, verificou-se que as crianças da escola particular tiveram média superior, sendo no masculino de 36,0±11,70 kg e no feminino de 33,59±8,97 kg, enquanto na escola pública o masculino foi de 27,05±05 kg e o feminino, 28,06±7,73 kg (p<0,05. Para o IMC, constatou-se, no ensino público, estado de eutrofia em 66 (81,5% crianças do sexo masculino e 65 (72,2% do feminino; por outro lado, verificou-se maior prevalência de crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade em alunos da escola particular, sendo 12 (50,0% do masculino e 10 (45,5% do feminino. Conclusão: Encontrou-se alta prevalência de crianças acometidas com excesso de peso e obesidade tanto em escolas da rede de ensino particular como pública, apontando maiores valores para as crianças da rede particular de ensino.

Modulation of expression and activity of intestinal multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 by xenobiotics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tocchetti, Guillermo Nicolás [Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario (Argentina); Rigalli, Juan Pablo [Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario (Argentina); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany); Arana, Maite Rocío; Villanueva, Silvina Stella Maris [Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario (Argentina); Mottino, Aldo Domingo, E-mail: amottino@unr.edu.ar [Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 570, 2000 Rosario (Argentina)

2016-07-15

The multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) is a transporter that belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. In the intestine, it is localized to the apical membrane of the enterocyte and plays a key role in limiting the absorption of xenobiotics incorporated orally. MRP2 may also play a role in systemic clearance of xenobiotics available from the serosal side of the intestine. MRP2 transports a wide range of substrates, mainly organic anions conjugated with glucuronic acid, glutathione and sulfate and its expression can be modulated by xenobiotics at transcriptional- and post-transcriptional levels. Transcriptional regulation is usually mediated by a group of nuclear receptors. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a major member of this group. Relevant drugs described to up-regulate intestinal MRP2 via PXR are rifampicin, spironolactone and carbamazepine, among others. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) was also reported to modulate MRP2 expression, phenobarbital being a typical activator. Dietary compounds, including micronutrients and other natural products, are also capable of regulating intestinal MRP2 expression transcriptionally. We have given them particular attention since the composition of the food ingested daily is not necessarily supervised and may result in interactions with therapeutic drugs. Post-transcriptional regulation of MRP2 activity by xenobiotics, e.g. as a consequence of inhibitory actions, is also described in this review. Unfortunately, only few studies report on drug-drug or nutrient-drug interactions as a consequence of modulation of intestinal MRP2 activity by xenobiotics. Future clinical studies are expected to identify additional interactions resulting in changes in efficacy or safety of therapeutic drugs. - Highlights: • Intestinal MRP2 (ABCC2) expression and activity can be regulated by xenobiotics. • PXR and CAR are major MRP2 modulators through a transcriptional mechanism. • Rifampicin

Effects of dexmedetomidine on H-FABP, CK-MB, cTnI levels, neurological function and near-term prognosis in patients undergoing heart valve replacement.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Zhi; Chen, Qiang; Guo, Hao; Li, Zhishan; Zhang, Jinfeng; Lv, Lei; Guo, Yongqing

2017-12-01

This study investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP), creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB), and troponin I (cTnI) levels, neurological function and near-term prognosis in patients undergoing heart valve replacement. Patients undergoing heart valve replacement were randomly allocated to remifentanil anesthesia (control group, n=48) or dexmedetomidine anesthesia (observation group, n=48). Hemodynamic parameters were measured before anesthesia induction (T1), 1 min after intubation (T2), 10 min after start of surgery (T3), and on completion of surgery (T4). Levels of plasma H-FABP, CK-MB and cTnI were measured 10 min before anesthesia induction (C1), 10 min after start of surgery (C2), on completion of surgery (C3), 6 h after surgery (C4), and 24 h after surgery (C5). S100β protein and serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were detected 10 min before anesthesia induction (C1), and 24 h after surgery (C5). Neurological and cardiac function was evaluated 24 h after surgery. Incidence of cardiovascular adverse events was recorded for 1 year of follow-up. There were no significant differences in the average heart rate between the two groups during the perioperative period. The mean arterial pressure in the observation group was significantly lower than control group (PH-FABP, CK-MB and cTnI at C2, C3, C4 and C5, were significantly higher than C1, but significantly lower in the observation versus control group (P<0.05). Twenty-four hours after surgery, levels of S100β and NSE in both groups were higher than those before induction (P<0.05), but significantly lower in the observation versus control group (P<0.05). Twenty-four hours after surgery, neurological function scores were better, and myocardial contractility and arrhythmia scores significantly lower in the observation versus control group (P<0.05 for all). After follow-up for 1 year, incidence of cardiovascular adverse events was significantly lower in the observation

Gut microbial colonization orchestrates TLR2 expression, signaling and epithelial proliferation in the small intestinal mucosa.

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Nives Hörmann

Full Text Available The gut microbiota is an environmental factor that determines renewal of the intestinal epithelium and remodeling of the intestinal mucosa. At present, it is not resolved if components of the gut microbiota can augment innate immune sensing in the intestinal epithelium via the up-regulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs. Here, we report that colonization of germ-free (GF Swiss Webster mice with a complex gut microbiota augments expression of TLR2. The microbiota-dependent up-regulation of components of the TLR2 signaling complex could be reversed by a 7 day broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. TLR2 downstream signaling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2 and protein-kinase B (AKT induced by bacterial TLR2 agonists resulted in increased proliferation of the small intestinal epithelial cell line MODE-K. Mice that were colonized from birth with a normal gut microbiota (conventionally-raised; CONV-R showed signs of increased small intestinal renewal and apoptosis compared with GF controls as indicated by elevated mRNA levels of the proliferation markers Ki67 and Cyclin D1, elevated transcripts of the apoptosis marker Caspase-3 and increased numbers of TUNEL-positive cells per intestinal villus structure. In accordance, TLR2-deficient mice showed reduced proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Our findings suggest that a tuned proliferation response of epithelial cells following microbial colonization could aid to protect the host from its microbial colonizers and increase intestinal surface area.

El factor de necrosis tumoral-α, la resistencia a la insulina, el metabolismo de lipoproteínas y la obesidad en humanos

OpenAIRE

M.ª M. Ramírez Alvarado; C. Sánchez Roitz

2012-01-01

En la obesidad el tejido adiposo produce moléculas proinflamatorias como el Factor de Necrosis tumoral-α, que tiene efectos locales en la fisiología del adipocito y efectos sistémicos en otros órganos. Muchos estudios relacionando TNF-α, obesidad, resistencia a la insulina y metabolismo lipídico se han realizado en ratas, conejos y perros, pero los resultados observados en varios de estos estudios han sido contradictorios y muchos de ellos no se han logrado reproducir en humanos, lo que hace ...

Obesidade e asma: associação ou coincidência? Obesity and asthma: association or coincidence?

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Daniella Fernandes Camilo

2010-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: A asma e a obesidade estão entre as maiores causas de morbidade na infância e adolescência. A obesidade precoce aumenta as chances de doenças crônicas degenerativas no adulto. Embora a concomitância de ambas as situações clínicas vem sendo demonstrada em vários estudos, os mecanismos intrínsecos dessa associação ainda são pouco conhecidos. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo foi revisar os principais trabalhos sobre a associação de obesidade e asma e verificar se existe relação de causa e efeito entre ambas. FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão sistemática baseada em bases de dados indexadas MEDLINE (PubMed e SciELO. Foram revisados artigos originais (transversal, caso-controle e prospectivo e meta-análises publicados no período de janeiro de 1998 a janeiro de 2008. Foram pesquisados estudos divulgados em língua inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Embora existam muitos estudos sobre as crescentes prevalências da asma e da obesidade, poucos estabelecem relações de causa e efeito entre ambas. Os mecanismos fisiopatológicos e os fatores envolvidos nesse processo ainda são pouco conhecidos. CONCLUSÃO: O rigor metodológico em estudos futuros deverá buscar respostas para melhor entender se existe associação entre asma e obesidade, ou se a relação entre ambas as doenças é coincidência.OBJECTIVE: Asthma and obesity are among the major causes of morbidity in childhood and adolescence. Early obesity increases the chances of chronic degenerative diseases in adults. Although the concomitance or both clinical situations are being demonstrated in various studies, the intrinsic mechanisms of this association are still very little known. Therefore, the objective of this article was to review the main studies on the association of obesity and asthma and check if there is a cause-effect relation between them. SOURCES: Systematic review based on indexed data bases MEDLINE (PubMed and SciELO. Original articles

Estudio de los factores del estilo de vida, genéticos y epigenéticos, que influyen en la obesidad y enfermedades relacionadas en población mediterránea

OpenAIRE

Barragán Arnal, Rocío

2017-01-01

La obesidad ha sido catalogada como la epidemia del siglo XXI, cuya prevalencia a nivel mundial ha ido aumentado en las últimas décadas. La obesidad se define como una acumulación anormal o excesiva de grasa que puede ser perjudicial para la salud. Además de ser considerada una enfermedad, es un factor de riesgo para otras patologías. El origen de la obesidad es multifactorial, y se produce como resultado de la combinación de los efectos genéticos, ambientales y sus interacciones. Los factore...

Obesidade mórbida: quando comer vai muito além do alimento

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Lívia Janine L. F. Rocha

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Com a premissa psicanalítica de que o sujeito se constitui pelo Outro, em uma sociedade em que o mote é a ação e o prazer, buscamos pensar o laço do obeso mórbido com a comida. Uma vez que se objetivou abrir questões em vez de dar respostas conclusivas, não deixamos de pensar: como ele se relaciona com seu desejo e com a falta intrínseca a todo sujeito? Como se articula o modo de gozar que o caracteriza? Como lida com seu corpo? É preciso que esse modo de gozar seja modificado? Abordamos, também, a busca pela cirurgia bariátrica, recurso cada vez mais utilizado. Contudo, é preciso não se buscar soluções ou respostas fora do sujeito, sem acesso às questões subjetivas envolvidas na obesidade mórbida e na busca pela cirurgia. A obesidade é paradigmática em uma sociedade onde uma das formas de padecer é a compulsão, enquanto a tecnologia permite novas ações sobre o corpo antes impossíveis.

Intervenciones para el control del sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes en el Perú

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Óscar Aquino-Vivanco

2013-06-01

Full Text Available El sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños y adolescentes representa un serio problema de salud pública en el Perú, con elevados costos para la sociedad, esto hace necesaria la implementación de un conjunto de políticas públicas dirigidas hacia el control de dicho inconveniente. Así, se han propuesto intervenciones como la regulación de la publicidad de alimentos no saludables, su autorregulación, la implementación de quioscos saludables y el etiquetado nutricional. Desde el análisis de la problemática del sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes en el Perú, el presente artículo hace una revisión narrativa de dichas intervenciones.

Common variants of the liver fatty acid binding protein gene influence the risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in Spanish population.

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Maria Luisa Mansego

Full Text Available SUMMARY: The main objective was to evaluate the association between SNPs and haplotypes of the FABP1-4 genes and type 2 diabetes, as well as its interaction with fat intake, in one general Spanish population. The association was replicated in a second population in which HOMA index was also evaluated. METHODS: 1217 unrelated individuals were selected from a population-based study [Hortega study: 605 women; mean age 54 y; 7.8% with type 2 diabetes]. The replication population included 805 subjects from Segovia, a neighboring region of Spain (446 females; mean age 52 y; 10.3% with type 2 diabetes. DM2 mellitus was defined in a similar way in both studies. Fifteen SNPs previously associated with metabolic traits or with potential influence in the gene expression within the FABP1-4 genes were genotyped with SNPlex and tested. Age, sex and BMI were used as covariates in the logistic regression model. RESULTS: One polymorphism (rs2197076 and two haplotypes of the FABP-1 showed a strong association with the risk of DM2 in the original population. This association was further confirmed in the second population as well as in the pooled sample. None of the other analyzed variants in FABP2, FABP3 and FABP4 genes were associated. There was not a formal interaction between rs2197076 and fat intake. A significant association between the rs2197076 and the haplotypes of the FABP1 and HOMA-IR was also present in the replication population. CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the role of common variants of the FABP-1 gene in the development of type 2 diabetes in Caucasians.

Obesidad y pobreza: marco conceptual para su análisis en latinoamérica Obesity and poverty: conceptual references for its analysis in Latin America

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Dixis Figueroa Pedraza

2009-03-01

Full Text Available La obesidad tiene una etiología multifactorial en la que los factores de mayor fuerza se relacionan con los estilos de vida. El incremento tan abrupto de la obesidad y su gran extensión obedecen principalmente a cambios importantes en la alimentación de la población, al patrón de actividad física y a otros factores de índole sociocultural, todo lo cual se ha manifestado en un proceso de transición nutricional. Las tendencias de aumento y de las diferencias sociales en la obesidad, hacen que las minorías y aquellos estratos de la población con menor nivel educativo y socioeconómico puedan ser los más afectados. En los pobres la obesidad se asocia, entre otros, a episodios de desnutrición en la edad temprana, incluso durante la vida intrauterina, a factores alimentarios, socioculturales y de género. La relación entre la obesidad y la condición socioeconómica es muy variable y compleja, ya que la asociación es diferente en contextos socioeconómicos distintos y puede quedar disimulada por varios factores (ejercicio físico, dieta, factores psicológicos, herencia, factores socioculturales que influyen en la asociación. Tanto el nivel socioeconómico podría condicionar la presencia de obesidad, como la obesidad podría tener consecuencias sociales en el individuo (si la movilidad social es el factor más relevante, es la obesidad la que condicionaría la posición social del individuo. Los argumentos tratados son suficientes para justificar la importancia del problema en Latinoamérica. De esta manera, debe representar un desafío, principalmente para investigadores y aquellos que toman decisiones, traducible en priorizar la obesidad en condiciones de pobreza.Obesity has a multifactorial etiology in which the most important factors are related to lifestyle. High prevalence of obesity is basically caused by important changes in nourishment, in the pattern of physical activity and by other sociocultural factors, which have produced

Central obesity and dietary intake in HIV/AIDS patients Obesidade abdominal e consumo alimentar em portadores de HIV/Aids

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Patrícia Constante Jaime

2006-08-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between dietary intake and central obesity among people living with HIV/AIDS and receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 223 adult individuals in the city of São Paulo city in 2002. The study population was classified according to central obesity, defined as waist-to-hip ratio >0.95 for men and >0.85 for women. The dietary variables studied were energy consumption (in calories and calories/kilo of body weight, macronutrients (in grams and % of energy intake, total fiber (grams and fruit and vegetables intake (grams. The potential confounders examined were sex, skin color, age, schooling, income, body mass index, physical activity, smoking habits, peripheral CD4+ T lymphocyte count and length of protease inhibitor use. The multiple logistic regression model was performed in order to evaluate the association between central obesity and dietary intake. RESULTS: The prevalence of central obesity was 45.7% and it was associated with greater consumption of lipids: for every increase of 10g of lipid intake the odds of central obesity increased 1.28 times. Carbohydrate consumption showed negative association (OR=0.93 with central obesity after adjustment for control variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the amount of carbohydrates and lipids in the diet, regardless of total energy intake, may modify the chance of developing central obesity in the studied population. Nutritional interventions may be beneficial for preventing central obesity among HIV/AIDS patients.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre consumo alimentar e presença de obesidade abdominal em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV/Aids, em uso de terapia antiretroviral de alta potência. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal envolvendo 223 indivíduos adultos, realizado no município de São Paulo, em 2002. A população de estudo foi classificada de acordo com a obesidade

Impacto de la maniobra de inspiración profunda en el intercambio gaseoso del sujeto con obesidad severa e hipertensión arterial pulmonar asociada a síndrome de Eisenmenger

OpenAIRE

Santos-Martínez,Luis-Efren; Martínez-Guerra,María-Luisa; Bautista,Edgar; Castillo,Francisco; Castañón,Alicia; Pulido,Tomás; Hernández,José-Luis; Sandoval,Julio

2008-01-01

La obesidad y el síndrome de Eisenmenger son entidades ampliamente estudiadas. Sin embargo, su asociación es inusual y no informada. Ambas cursan con alteraciones del intercambio gaseoso de grado variable. En la obesidad severa son atribuidas a trastornos en la relación ventilación/perfusión y al cortocircuito venoarterial pulmonar que dependen del volumen pulmonar. En el síndrome de Eisenmenger con obesidad severa, esta dependencia se desconoce. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 28 sujetos o...

Obesidade: atualização sobre sua etiologia, morbidade e tratamento Obesity: updated information about its etiology, morbidity and treatment

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Rachel Pamfilio Prado de FRANCISCHI

2000-04-01

Full Text Available As tendências de transição nutricional ocorridas neste século direcionam para uma dieta mais ocidentalizada, a qual, aliada à diminuição progressiva da atividade física, converge para o aumento no número de casos de obesidade em todo o mundo. Isso representa aumento na morbidade e na mortalidade associadas à obesidade, já que esta é fator de risco para várias doenças como diabetes tipo II, hipertensão, doenças cardiovasculares e cálculo na vesícula biliar. A obesidade se apresenta não apenas como problema científico e de saúde pública, porém como grande indústria que envolve o desenvolvimento de fármacos, de alimentos modificados e estratégias governamentais estimulando a prática regular de atividade física e a orientação alimentar a fim de promover melhores hábitos. Assim, o conhecimento das causas e estratégias preventivas da obesidade é o objeto de estudo de pesquisadores de diferentes centros. Esse artigo tem como objetivo rever esses estudos, abordando o aumento na prevalência e incidência da obesidade, doenças relacionadas ao excesso de peso e os tratamentos para redução da gordura corporal.The trend in nutritional transition in this century leads to an occidentalized diet, which, allied to a decrease in physical activity, results in increasing of obesity all over the world. It raises the risk of morbidity and mortality, since obesity is the first step to several diseases such as Diabetes type II, hypertension, cardiovascular and gallbladder diseases. Obesity is not only a scientific and public health problem, but also an industry of pharmacos, special foods and governmental strategies to encourage people to be more active and to provide more food information in order to promote better habits. Several studies all around the world discuss the causes and treatments for obesity. In this way, this paper summarizes these researches, approaching the elements associated with higher obesity incidence and

Prevalencia de obesidad en un círculo infantil Obesity prevalence in a nursery

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Niurelkis Suárez Castillo

2010-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. En la actualidad el incremento de la obesidad infantil es considerable y la detección precoz de estos problemas es crucial para la prevención de la morbilidad y mortalidad de la población adulta. Este trabajo se realizó con el propósito de caracterizar el estado nutricional de los niños del círculo infantil «Amiguitos del Caribe», en Ciudad de La Habana. MÉTODOS. Durante el mes de marzo de 2008 se estudiaron 99 niños (48 del sexo femenino y 51 del masculino con edades entre 1 y 6 años, residentes en la localidad Antonio Guiteras, del municipio La Habana del Este. Se realizó un estudio observacional, de corte transversal, en el que se analizaron variables como el peso y la talla, y otras como edad, sexo, color de la piel, antecedentes personales de obesidad en el momento de ingreso al círculo infantil, antecedentes familiares de obesidad (padres y abuelos, tiempo de lactancia materna y comienzo de la ablactación. Se utilizaron las tablas cubanas de peso (en kg para la talla en varones y hembras, para definir el estado actual de nutrición. RESULTADOS. Se realizó la medición antropométrica y, según los resultados encontrados, se observó una tendencia al aumento de niños con sobrepeso y de obesos, con una prevalencia del 22,2 % y 16 %, respectivamente. Se asociaron con mayor frecuencia a esta malnutrición los antecedentes familiares de obesidad y el tiempo de lactancia materna menor de 4 meses. Esta relación fue significativa. CONCLUSIONES. Se considera que sería oportuno extender el estudio a todos los círculos infantiles del municipio y realizar investigaciones posteriores, donde se tengan en cuenta las variables: actividad física y conducta alimentaria.INTRODUCTION. At the present times the infantile obesity increase is significant and the early detection of these problems is crucial to prevention of morbidity and mortality of adult population. The aim of present paper was to characterize the nutritional

Obesidad infantil, resistencia a la insulina y síndrome metabólico

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Belkis Vicente Sánchez

2016-09-01

Full Text Available La obesidad infantil se ha convertido en un importante problema de salud a nivel mundial, a tal punto que la Organización Mundial de la Salud ha denominado a esta enfermedad como una epidemia. Es uno de los retos más difíciles de enfrentar en el nuevo siglo, con un incremento proporcional entre los niños y adolescentes.

Intestinal cytochromes P450 regulating the intestinal microbiota and its probiotic profile

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Eugenia Elefterios Venizelos Bezirtzoglou

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Cytochromes P450 (CYPs enzymes metabolize a large variety of xenobiotic substances. In this vein, a plethora of studies were conducted to investigate their role, as cytochromes are located in both liver and intestinal tissues. The P450 profile of the human intestine has not been fully characterized. Human intestine serves primarily as an absorptive organ for nutrients, although it has also the ability to metabolize drugs. CYPs are responsible for the majority of phase I drug metabolism reactions. CYP3A represents the major intestinal CYP (80% followed by CYP2C9. CYP1A is expressed at high level in the duodenum, together with less abundant levels of CYP2C8-10 and CYP2D6. Cytochromes present a genetic polymorphism intra- or interindividual and intra- or interethnic. Changes in the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug are associated with increased toxicity due to reduced metabolism, altered efficacy of the drug, increased production of toxic metabolites, and adverse drug interaction. The high metabolic capacity of the intestinal flora is due to its enormous pool of enzymes, which catalyzes reactions in phase I and phase II drug metabolism. Compromised intestinal barrier conditions, when rupture of the intestinal integrity occurs, could increase passive paracellular absorption. It is clear that high microbial intestinal charge following intestinal disturbances, ageing, environment, or food-associated ailments leads to the microbial metabolism of a drug before absorption. The effect of certain bacteria having a benefic action on the intestinal ecosystem has been largely discussed during the past few years by many authors. The aim of the probiotic approach is to repair the deficiencies in the gut flora and establish a protective effect. There is a tentative multifactorial association of the CYP (P450 cytochrome role in the different diseases states, environmental toxic effects or chemical exposures and nutritional status.

Índice de adiposidad corporal como predictor de obesidad y de síndrome metabólico en adultos de Bogotá, Colombia

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González-Ruíz, Katherine; Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson; Correa Bautista, Jorge Enrique

2015-01-01

Recientemente, Bergman et al. desarrollaron el índice de adiposidad corporal (IAC), como un marcador de obesidad por exceso de grasa corporal en la práctica clínica. En este estudio se evaluó la validez del IAC como marcador de obesidad por exceso de adiposidad, además de examinar la capacidad predictiva del IAC con componentes e índices metabólicos asociados al SM en adultos de Bogotá, Colombia. Convocatoria FODEIN-USTA 2014 Nº 2013004

Toll-like receptor 2 mediates ischemia-reperfusion injury of the small intestine in adult mice.

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Toshio Watanabe

Full Text Available Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2 recognizes conserved molecular patterns associated with both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and detects some endogenous ligands. Previous studies demonstrated that in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R injury of the small intestine, the TLR2-dependent signaling exerted preventive effects on the damage in young mice, but did not have a significant effect in neonatal mice. We investigated the role of TLR2 in adult ischemia-reperfusion injury in the small intestine. Wild-type and TLR2 knockout mice at 16 weeks of age were subjected to intestinal I/R injury. Some wild-type mice received anti-Ly-6G antibodies to deplete circulating neutrophils. In wild-type mice, I/R induced severe small intestinal injury characterized by infiltration by inflammatory cells, disruption of the mucosal epithelium, and mucosal bleeding. Compared to wild-type mice, TLR2 knockout mice exhibited less severe mucosal injury induced by I/R, with a 35%, 33%, and 43% reduction in histological grading score and luminal concentration of hemoglobin, and the numbers of apoptotic epithelial cells, respectively. The I/R increased the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO, a marker of neutrophil infiltration, and the levels of mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 in the small intestine of the wild-type mice by 3.3-, 3.2-, and 13.0-fold, respectively. TLR2 deficiency significantly inhibited the I/R-induced increase in MPO activity and the expression of mRNAs for TNF-α and ICAM-1, but did not affect the expression of COX-2 mRNA. I/R also enhanced TLR2 mRNA expression by 2.9-fold. TLR2 proteins were found to be expressed in the epithelial cells, inflammatory cells, and endothelial cells. Neutrophil depletion prevented intestinal I/R injury in wild-type mice. These findings suggest that TLR2 may mediate I/R injury of the small intestine in adult mice via induction of inflammatory