Infección sistémica por Candida en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales Systemic infection by Candida in neonatal intensive care units

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Yalili Pouymiró Brooks

2011-08-01

Full Text Available En las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales, los recién nacidos pretérmino pueden contraer infecciones micóticas invasivas, predominantemente por Candidas sp, causantes de una mayor morbilidad y mortalidad, así como también de frecuentes alteraciones del neurodesarrollo en los sobrevivientes. La candidiasis neonatal es de difícil diagnóstico, dado el carácter transitorio de la candidemia y la dificultad para eliminarla por su rápida invasión de los órganos y sistemas anatómicos. La mejor opción para disminuir la incidencia de la enfermedad, es prevenirla. En este artículo se actualiza lo concerniente a los principales elementos relacionados no solo con el diagnóstico, sino con el tratamiento profiláctico y específico de estos pacientes, referidos hasta el 2010 por grupos de expertos internacionales en esta materia de salud.In neonatal intensive care units the preterm infants may develop invasive fungal infections, mainly by Candida sp, causative of increased morbidity and mortality, as well as of frequent neurodevelopmental disorders in survivors. Neonatal candidiasis is difficult to diagnose because of the transitory nature of candidemia and the difficulty to eliminate its rapid invasion from organs and anatomical systems. The best option to reduce the incidence of the disease is to prevent it. In this article the main elements related not only to the diagnosis, but also to the specific and prophylactic treatment of these patients are updated, which were referred to 2010 by groups of international experts in this field of health.

Vivências paternas durante a hospitalização do recém-nascido prematuro na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal Experiencias paternas durante la hospitalización del recién nacido prematuro en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal Fathers' experiences during the hospitalization of the premature newborn in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

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Luciano Marques dos Santos

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou compreender as vivências paternas durante a hospitalização do recém-nascido prematuro na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital público de Feira de Santana, Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório e qualitativo, aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e realizado com nove pais, na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital público. Os dados foram analisados através da Análise de Conteúdo, os quais apontaram que os partos prematuros causam sentimentos de surpresa, angústia e medo nos pais. É preciso repensar como ocorre a inserção dos pais do prematuro no processo de hospitalização, bem como mudanças nas rotinas estabelecidas para a visita e participação paterna no contexto do cuidado ao prematuro.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender la experiencia de los padres durante la hospitalización de los bebés prematuros en la Unidad Neonatal de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital público en Feira de Santana, Bahia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo, aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación y actuó en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de un hospital público de Bahia, con nueve padres. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el análisis de contenido que muestran que los nacimientos prematuros causan sentimientos de sorpresa en los padres, de dolor y de miedo. Tenemos que repensar cómo se está insertando a los padres de bebés prematuros en las cuestiones de la hospitalización y los cambios en las rutinas establecidas para la visita y la participación del padre en el contexto de la atención precoz.This study aimed to understand the fathers' experiences during the hospitalization of premature newborn in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at a public hospital in Feira de Santana, Bahia. This is a qualitative descriptive exploratory study that was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Technology and Sciences, and

Survival at nine neonatal intensive care units in São Paulo, Brazil La supervivencia en nueve unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales en São Paulo, Brasil

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Maria Teresa Zullini

1997-01-01

Full Text Available A collaborative effort to assess factors affecting newborn survival at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs was made by studying 1948 newborns admitted to nine NICUs in the city of São Paulo between 1 June and 30 November 1991. Data on the study subjects were obtained using a standardized form. This was the first activity undertaken by a network of neonatologists (the Paulista Collaborative Group on Neonatal Care dedicated to jointly evaluating and improving neonatal care in that city. The study results showed an overall mortality of 59 deaths per 1000 neonates, with survival improving as gestational age and birthweight rose. Other variables significantly affecting survival were a poor maternal obstetric history (a previous stillbirth or neonatal death, or two or more spontaneous abortions; birth asphyxia (Apgar at 5 minutes Una iniciativa colectiva para evaluar los factores que inciden en la supervivencia de los recién nacidos en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN se llevó a cabo mediante el estudio de 1948 neonatos ingresados en nueve UCIN de la ciudad de São Paulo entre el 1 de junio y el 30 de noviembre de 1991. Se usó un formulario estandarizado para recoger información sobre los niños estudiados. Fue la primera actividad emprendida por una red de neonatólogos (Grupo Colaborador Paulista para la Atención Neonatal dedicada a evaluar y mejorar, mediante un esfuerzo colectivo, la atención neonatal en la ciudad. Los resultados del estudio revelaron una mortalidad general de 59 defunciones por 1000 recién nacidos y una mayor supervivencia mientras mayores fueran la edad gestacional y el peso al nacer. Otras variables que tuvieron un efecto significativo en la supervivencia fueron la presencia de antecedentes obstétricos maternos desfavorables (hijos mortinatos o muertes neonatales previas, o dos o más abortos espontáneos; asfixia al nacer (Apgar <7 a los 5 minutos; síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria; infecciones

Hand hygiene: the impact of incentive strategies on adherence among healthcare workers from a newborn intensive care unit Higienización de las manos: el impacto de estrategias que incentiven la adhesión entre los profesionales de la salud de una unidad de terapia intensiva neonatal Higienização das mãos: o impacto de estratégias de incentivo à adesão entre profissionais de saúde de uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

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Zilah Cândida Pereira das Neves

2006-08-01

Full Text Available We carried out a before-after non-controlled intervention study to assess the impact of different handwashing strategies in health care workers at a neonatal ICU in Goiânia - Goiás, Brazil. All ethical aspects were considered. Data was collected by using a check list in order to register hand hygiene opportunities during six months. Three strategies were elaborated together with the hospital team. We observed 1358 handwashing opportunities. Incentive strategies caused a small impact on the increase of adherence to hand hygiene during and after the implementation period. However, we noticed that this increase mainly occurred after the procedures were realized. On the whole, adherence levels were similar before (62.2% and after (61.6% the procedures. The study showed that health care workers were more worried about individual risks.Con objeto de evaluar el impacto del uso de diferentes estrategias que incentiven la higienización de las manos entre profesionales de la salud en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales en Goiânia - Goiás, Brasil, efectuamos un estudio de intervención no controlada, denominada antes-después. Observados los aspectos éticos, los datos fueron recolectados utilizándose un check list para registrar las oportunidades de higienización de las manos, por seis meses. Utilizamos tres estrategias de incentivo construidas con la participación de los grupos de la institución. Fueron observadas 1358 oportunidades de higienización de las manos. Las estrategias de incentivo consiguieron un pequeño impacto en el aumento de la adhesión de la higienización de las manos en los periodos durante y después de su implementación. Este aumento ocurrió principalmente después de la realización de los procedimientos. En la adhesión total, los porcentajes fueron semejantes antes (62,2% y después (61,6% de la ejecución de procedimientos. El estudio señala una mayor preocupación de los profesionales con el propio riesgo

O cuidado intensivo oferecido ao paciente no ambiente de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva El cuidado intensivo ofrecido al paciente en el ambiente de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Intensive care provided to patients in the environment of Intensive Care Units

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Marli Terezinha Stein Backes

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Estudo qualitativo, partiu da questão: como se dá o cuidado intensivo oferecido ao paciente no ambiente de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva? Teve como objetivo compreender o cuidado intensivo oferecido ao paciente no ambiente de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto. O método utilizado foi a Grounded Theory. Realizou-se 39 entrevistas com 47 sujeitos diferenciados (pacientes, profissionais da saúde, gestores, profissionais dos serviços de apoio, familiares de três Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Adulto, em Florianópolis/SC, Santa Maria/RS e Pelotas/RS, Brasil, entre junho de 2009 a setembro de 2010. A teoria "Sustentando a vida no ambiente complexo de cuidados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva", foi delimitada por oito categorias, das quais será focalizada neste artigo a categoria "Cuidando e monitorando o paciente continuamente". Conclui-se que o cuidado intensivo requer um cuidado integral com os pacientes, que vai além do cuidado técnico e inclui as dimensões física, emocional, espiritual e social do ser humano.Este estudio cualitativo se basó en la pregunta: ¿Cómo funciona el cuidado intensivo ofrecido al paciente en el ambiente de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos? El artículo tuvo como objetivo comprender el cuidado intensivo ofrecido al paciente en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Adultos. El método utilizado fue la Grounded Theory. Se llevó a cabo 39 entrevistas con 47 personas de tres diferentes unidades de cuidados intensivos para adultos en Florianópolis/SC, Santa Maria/RS y Pelotas/RS, desde junio 2009 a septiembre de 2010. La teoría "Sosteniendo la vida en el complejo ambiente de cuidados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos", fue delimitada por ocho categorías. En este artículo se centrará la categoría "Asistir y monitorear el paciente continuamente". Se concluye que el cuidado intensivo requiere una atención integral a los pacientes, más allá de la atención técnica e incluye la dimensión física, emocional

Impacto de las inversiones en TI en la eficiencia de los bancos argentinos

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Ángel Agustín Argañaraz

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Las tecnologías de información (TI constituyen en la actualidad una herramienta fundamental para el logro de ventajas competitivas en un contexto sumamente cambiante. Resulta relevante conocer el impacto de su utilización sobre el desempeño de las organizaciones, en particular en sectores como el bancario, que realizan un uso intensivo de información. En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo que posibilita evaluar el impacto de las inversiones en TI sobre la eficiencia de las entidades bancarias. Se utilizó la técnica Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA como herramienta de medición de la eficiencia de acuerdo al modelo elaborado sobre la información obtenida de los estados contables de entidades bancarias de la República Argentina. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que los bancos alcanzaron un buen nivel de eficiencia global. Se encontró que los más eficientes son las sucursales de entidades financieras del exterior y los bancos locales de capital extranjero.

Sepsis neonatal por Chryseobacterium meningosepticum

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Carlos Velásquez

2008-10-01

Full Text Available El Chrysobacterium meningosepticum conocido también como Flavobacterium meningosepticum, es una bacteria Gram negativa distribuida en la naturaleza, pero cuya variedad patógena es raramente diagnosticada. Su importancia radica en su alta resistencia antibiótica, que cuando es causa de infecciones en prematuros y adultos inmunocomprometidos conlleva a una alta mortalidad. Se realiza una revisión acerca de esta bacteria, la importancia de su diagnóstico y la vigilancia de las infecciones intrahospitalarias, a raíz de un caso presentado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal de Lima, Perú.

Infección por especies de Candida durante los cuidados intensivos neonatales Infection caused by Candida species during the neonatal intensive care

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Tania Roig Álvarez

2008-09-01

Full Text Available En Cuba, con el incremento de la supervivencia de los recién nacidos menores de 1500 g, pueden ser cada vez más frecuentes los aislamientos de especies de Candida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Con el objetivo de actualizar los temas relacionados con la problemática mundial de la infección neonatal por especies de Candida, los criterios diagnósticos y el manejo terapéutico, se realizó una revisión dirigida fundamentalmente a especialistas en neonatología. Se constató que las especies que más se aíslan en los neonatos son las Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis y C. tropicalis. El cuadro clínico es inespecífico y suele presentarse entre la segunda y tercera semanas de la vida. Los hallazgos de laboratorio clínico son también equívocos. El diagnóstico de certeza se establece por el aislamiento del hongo en sitios estériles como la sangre, el líquido cefalorraquídeo, el fluido pericárdico o mediante biopsia de tejido. El tratamiento curativo de primera línea contra la candidiasis invasiva en los neonatos continúa siendo el anfotericin B. En estos pacientes es de suma importancia retirar los catéteres vasculares profundos ante sospechas y en el momento de la confirmación de la infección.In Cuba, with the rise of the survival of newborn infants with a birth weight under 1500 g, the isolations of Candida species in the neonatal intensive care units may be increasingly frequent. To update the topics related to the world problems of neonatal infection due to Candida species, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic management, it was made a review directed mainly to Neonatology specialists. It was confirmed that the most isolated species in infants are Candida albicans, C. Glabrata, C. Parapsilosis, and C. Tropicalis. The clinical picture is not specific, and it may appear between the second and third weeks of life. The clinical laboratory findings are also equivocal. The accurate diagnosis is made by

Uso de medicamentos off-label e não licenciados em unidade de tratamento intensivo neonatal e sua associação com escores de gravidade

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Clarissa G. Carvalho

2012-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a frequência da prescrição de medicamentos de uso não licenciado (UL e off-label (OL em recém-nascidos internados em unidade de tratamento intensivo neonatal de hospital de nível terciário e verificar a associação do seu uso com a gravidade dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional de coorte dos medicamentos prescritos no período de 6 semanas da internação de neonatos, entre julho e agosto de 2011. Os medicamentos foram classificados em UL e OL para dose, frequência, apresentação, faixa etária e indicação, de acordo com bulário eletrônico aprovado pela Food and Drug Administration. Os pacientes foram acompanhados até alta hospitalar ou 31 dias de internação, com registro diário do Neonatal Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 318 itens de prescrição para 61 pacientes (média de cinco itens/paciente e apenas 13 pacientes com uso de medicamentos adequados (21%. Identificaram-se prevalências de 7,5% para prescrições UL e de 27,7% para OL. O uso OL mais prevalente foi para medicamentos não padronizados para faixa etária - 19,5%. Computaram-se 57 medicações - um paciente recebeu 10 fármacos UL/OL na internação. A prevalência de usos OL foi maior em prematuros < 35 semanas e nos com escores de gravidade mais elevados (p = 0,00. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de neonatos expostos a medicamentos UL/OL durante a internação hospitalar foi elevada, especialmente naqueles com maior escore de gravidade no Neonatal Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System. Embora haja apreciação geral de que neonatos, especialmente pré-termo, tenham alta taxa de uso de medicamentos, uma avaliação incluindo diferentes culturas e países é necessária para priorizar áreas de pesquisa futura na farmacoterapêutica dessa população vulnerável.

A Coprodução de Serviços Intensivos em Conhecimento e Criação de Valor: Uma Análise em Relações entre Empresas

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Joselia Oliveira Rabelo

2017-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e descrever como as expertises técnica e de negócio do cliente e fornecedor influenciam na coprodução e, seus resultados na criação de valor econômico e relacional em serviços intensivos em conhecimento. Para entender melhor o relacionamento dessas variáveis, adotou-se pesquisa qualitativa, devido sua natureza exploratória e também por analisar o fenômeno por diferentes perspectivas - clientes, fornecedores e interação entre eles. Foram conduzidas entrevistas com gestores de diferentes tipos de serviços intensivos em conhecimento. As entrevistas basearam-se na teoria de coprodução, seus antecedentes e impacto na criação de valor. Nove entrevistas foram realizadas com gestores de diferentes tipos de serviços intensivos em conhecimento - Consultoria de RH, Software e Arquitetura e Engenharia.  ­­­Os entrevistados foram estimulados a trazerem explicações e exemplos sobre os temas para aprofundar o entendimento dos construtos pesquisados. Os resultados revelam que complexidade, customização e relevância estratégica da solução motivam o cliente a participar da coprodução. Os resultados da coprodução são otimizados quando clientes e fornecedores interagem e compartilham expertise nas fases de diagnóstico e execução da solução, o que influencia positivamente a percepção de valor do cliente. A interação e troca de expertise técnica e de negócios entre fornecedor e cliente favorece a coprodução. A participação do cliente na coprodução e a troca de expertise com o fornecedor têm impacto positivo tanto para o valor econômico como de relacionamento. Por fim, observou-se que clientes percebem a solução amplamente, considerando tanto os benefícios funcionais quanto o relacionamento com seus fornecedores.

Colestasis del reci?n nacido y lactante en la uci neonatal de la fundaci?n Santa Fe de Bogot? 2007-2012

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Ovalle Tovar, Martha Catalina

2017-01-01

ANTECEDENTES La colestasis neonatal es un problema poco frecuente pero con importantes consecuencias cl?nicas. Existe poca informaci?n sobre las caracter?sticas cl?nicas y paracl?nicas de estos pacientes en nuestro medio. OBJETIVO Describir las caracter?sticas cl?nicas y paracl?nicas de los pacientes con colestasis hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal de la Fundaci?n Santaf? de Bogot? con diagn?stico de colestasis entre los a?os 2007-2012. METODOLOG?A S...

Profilaxis para sangrado por ulceras de estrés en la unidad de cuidados intensivos

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J.M. Avendaño-Reyes

2014-01-01

Conclusiones: La hospitalización en la unidad de cuidados intensivos por sí sola no justifica la profilaxis. Los IBP son por lo menos tan efectivos como los H2RA. Debemos individualizar el tratamiento de cada paciente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, determinando el riesgo y evaluando la necesidad de comenzar la profilaxis.

Secuencia rápida de intubación en cuidados intensivos

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Poveda Jaramillo, Ricardo; Dueñas Castell, Carmelo; Ortiz Ruiz, Guillermo

2013-01-01

Introducción: El médico que trabaja en cuidados intensivos debe tener la habilidad para enfrentarse con éxito a los pacientes que necesitan aislamiento de la vía aérea debido a su pobre condición ventilatoria. El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar el estado actual del conocimiento en torno a la intubación de secuencia rápida en pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y resumir lo que se debe hacer para reducir al máximo los riesgos durante la intubación de un paciente críti...

EFECTO DEL SISTEMA DE PRODUCCION, DE LA EPOCA DE NACIMIENTO Y DEL SEXO SOBRE LA MORTALIDAD NEONATAL DE CORDEROS PELIBUEY

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Rafael Julio Macedo Barragán

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio en Tecomán, Colima, México con el objetivo de determinar la influencia del sistema de producción (intensivo, extensivo, de la época del año (lluvias, secas y del sexo (macho, hembra sobre la mortalidad neonatal de corderos Pelibuey. En ambos sistemas productivos se registró la causa de muerte, el sexo de la cría y la época del año durante la cual ocurrió y se determinaron los factores de riesgo de mortalidad neonatal por medio de Regresión Logística. Adicionalmente se determinó la prevalencia por causas mortalidad para las variables sistema de producción, época del año y sexo, mismos que fueron comparados por medio de pruebas Z para proporciones. La tasa de mortalidad en el sistema extensivo fue del 30.96% mientras que en el intensivo fue 4.61%. La principal causa de mortalidad fue el síndrome de inanición-exposición con una prevalencia del 20.36 y del 3.41% en el sistema extensivo e intensivo respectivamente con una baja prevalencia de pérdidas por enfermedades infecciosas. Los corderos nacidos en el sistema de producción extensivo presentaron 9.75 veces más probabilidades de morir antes del destete que aquellos nacidos en un sistema intensivo, mientras que los corderos nacidos en la época de secas y los machos tuvieron un 0.69 y un 0.68 más posibilidades de morir que aquellos nacidos durante la época de lluvias y las hembras respectivamente. No se observó efecto entre sexos o entre época del año sobre las distintas causas de mortalidad en ninguno de los dos sistemas de producción estudiados.

Riesgo neurológico en el niño de mediano riesgo neonatal

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Agustina Vericat

2017-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: los neonatos de mediano riesgo suelen presentar alteraciones del neurodesarrollo, sutiles o inaparentes, que pueden evidenciarse a mediano y a largo plazos; es por ello que se les considera niños de riesgo neurológico. La identificación de los factores de riesgo asociados con los problemas del neurodesarrollo es un primer paso para prevenir o reducir sus efectos. OBJETIVO: con esta revisión cualitativa de la literatura especializada pretendemos describir las características de un grupo de neonatos denominados colectivamente recién nacidos de mediano riesgo neonatal y que, al nacer, no presentan compromiso evidente del desarrollo neurológico. Indagamos, también sobre los factores etiológicos asociados con esta condición. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS, la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina de Estados Unidos de Norte América (NLM-Medline y la Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal (RedALyC centrada en factores de riesgo neurológico. RESULTADOS: el incremento de los controles prenatales, la reducción de los nacimientos pretérmino y del parto por cesárea son factores relevantes para el óptimo neurodesarrollo. Luego del parto es necesario extremar los cuidados del neonato en las Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal controlando cuadros tales como la hiperbilirrubinemia, la sepsis neonatal y la dificultad respiratoria, asociados con alteraciones del desarrollo en los neonatos de mediano riesgo. CONCLUSIONES: las intervenciones para evitar o reducir el riesgo neurológico en los neonatos de mediano riesgo deben establecerse desde el inicio de la gestación y continuar durante toda la permanencia en las Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal.

Impacto das malformações congênitas na mortalidade perinatal e neonatal em uma maternidade-escola do Recife Impact of congenital malformations on perinatal and neonatal mortality in an university maternity hospital in Recife

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Melania Maria Ramos de Amorim

2006-05-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: determinar a incidência de malformações congênitas em recém-nascidos assistidos em uma maternidade-escola de Recife e avaliar o impacto destas malformações na mortalidade perinatal e neonatal. MÉTODOS: realizou-se um estudo longitudinal durante os meses de setembro de 2004 a maio de 2005, analisando-se todos os partos assistidos no Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira, IMIP. Determinou-se a freqüência e o tipo de malformações congênitas e foram calculados os coeficientes de mortalidade fetal, mortalidade perinatal, mortalidade neonatal precoce e tardia. RESULTADOS: a freqüência de malformações foi de 2,8% (em 4043 nascimentos. O percentual de malformações entre os nativivos foi de 2,7%, e entre os natimortos foi de 6,7%. Dentre as malformações, as mais freqüentes foram as do sistema nervoso central (principalmente hidrocefalia e meningomielocele, as do sistema osteomuscular e as cardiopatias. Não houve associação entre malformações e sexo, porém a freqüência de prematuridade e baixo peso foi maior entre os casos de malformações. Constatou-se, entre os malformados, mortalidade neonatal precoce de 32,7% e tardia de 10,6%. Os casos de malformações representaram 6,7% dos natimortos, 24,2% das mortes neonatais precoces e 25,8% do total de mortes neonatais. CONCLUSÕES: a freqüência de malformações correspondeu a 2,8% dos nascimentos. As malformações representaram a segunda causa mais freqüente de mortes neonatais, depois da prematuridade.OBJECTIVES: to determine the incidence of congenital malformations in newborns in a university maternity hospital in Recife and assess the impact of malformation in perinatal and neonatal mortality. METHODS: a longitudinal study was performed from September 2004 to May 2005 with all deliveries at the Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira, IMIP analyzed. The type and incidence of congenital malformations were determined, and fetal mortality

Epidemiología de la sepsis en unidades de cuidado intensivo en Colombia

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Guillermo Ortíz

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Introducción. Actualmente no se cuenta con muchos datos disponibles sobre la sepsis en los países en desarrollo y especialmente en América Latina. Objetivo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia, las características clínicas y epidemiológicas y las consecuencias de la sepsis en una población de pacientes que requirieron ingreso en algunas unidades colombianas de cuidados intensivos. Materiales y métodos. Este fue un análisis secundario de un estudio prospectivo realizado en un período de seis meses contados a partir del 1° de septiembre de 2007 hasta el 28 de febrero del 2008 en diez unidades médico-quirúrgicas de cuidados intensivos de cuatro ciudades de Colombia. Los pacientes se consideraron elegibles si tenían un diagnóstico probable o confirmado de infección según los registros médicos. Se registraron las características demográficas, los diagnósticos de primer ingreso y las enfermedades concomitantes, el estado clínico y la sepsis, sepsis grave o choque séptico. Resultados. Durante el período de estudio, 826 pacientes fueron ingresados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos seleccionadas para el estudio. De estos pacientes, 421 (51 % desarrollaron sepsis en la comunidad, 361 (44 % en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y 44 (5 % durante la hospitalización en la sala general; 253 pacientes (30,6 % presentaron afectación de un órgano del sistema: 20 % tuvo problemas respiratorios, seguido por problemas en los riñones y el sistema nervioso central con 3,4 % y 2,7 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones. En la muestra de pacientes sépticos, la prevalencia de la sepsis, así como de la mortalidad global, en los pacientes tratados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos fue similar a la reportada en otros estudios.

Factores de risco de displasia broncopulmonar em cinco unidades portuguesas de cuidados intensivos neonatais

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Hercília Guimarães

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Resumo: A displasia broncopulmonar (DBP é multifactorial. Prematuridade, doença da membrana hialina, oxigénio, ventilação mecânica, inflamação e canal arterial são alguns dos factores na sua patogénese Objectivo: Avaliar a prevalência da DBP e seus factores de risco em cinco unidades portuguesas, para implementar boas práticas no tratamento deste doentes. Material e métodos: 256 recém-nascidos (RN com idade gestacional (IG  0,30 (85 vs 5 dias, respectivamente nos doentes com e sem DBP, p  0.30 (85 vs 5 days, respectively in BPD and no BPD patients, p < 0.001. Comments: The most relevant risk factors were low birth weight, severe hyaline membrane disease, duration of respiratory support and oxygen therapy, and nosocomial sepsis. The implementation of potentially better practices to reduce lung injury in neonates must be addressed to improve practices to decrease these risk factors. Palavras chave: Displasia broncopulmonar, recém-nascidos pré-termo, unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais, doença da membrana hialina, ventilação mecânica, oxigenoterapia, factores de risco, boas práticas, Key words: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, preterm infants, neonatal intensive care, prematurity, hyaline membrane disease, mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, risk factors, better practices

Incidência de insuficiência renal aguda na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal de um hospital paulista Incidencia de insuficiencia renal crónica aguda en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal de un hospital de Sao Paulo Incidence of acute renal failure in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a hospital in São Paulo

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Renato Ribeiro Nogueira Ferraz

2009-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Verificar a incidência de insuficiência renal aguda (IRA como motivo de admissão de pacientes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN de um hospital paulista, e o uso da classificação de RIFLE na alocação destes pacientes. MÉTODOS: Levantamento de prontuários no período de 04 a 25/04/2008. RESULTADOS: Das 19 admissões de neonatos por diagnósticos diversos, 10% foram geradas por IRA (RIFLE, sendo os pacientes encaminhados à programas de diálise. CONCLUSÃO: Este levantamento realizado, com um número reduzido de indivíduos, demonstrou que a IRA representou 10% das causas de internação primária em UTIN. Maior tempo de observação seria importante para avaliar a progressão para IRA dos outros diagnósticos. Trabalhos com maior número de indivíduos e maior tempo de observação seriam importantes para se obter a real incidência desta complicação como causa de internação em UTIN.OBJETIVOS: Verificar la incidencia de insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA como motivo de admisión de pacientes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN de un hospital de Sao Paulo, y el uso de la clasificación de RIFLE en la asignación de estos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un levantamiento de historias clínicas en el período comprendido ente el 04 al 25/04/2008. RESULTADOS: De las 19 admisiones de neonatos por diversos diagnósticos, el 10% fueron generadas por IRA (RIFLE, siendo los pacientes encaminados a los programas de diálisis. CONCLUSIÓN: Este levantamiento realizado, con un número reducido de individuos, demostró que la IRA representó el 10% de las causas de internamiento primario en la UCIN. Sería importante un mayor tiempo de observación para evaluar el progreso de los otros diagnósticos hacia la IRA. Trabajos con mayor número de individuos así como de mayor tiempo de observación serían importantes para obtenerse la incidencia real de esta complicación como causa de internamiento en la UCIN

Caracterización molecular de Klebsiella pneumoniae y Enterobacter cloacae productoras de ß-lactamasas de espectro extendido tipo SHV-5 en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal de Lima

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Róger Calderón E

2003-07-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar los mecanismos implicados en la transmisión y resistencia antimicrobiana de aislamientos hospitalarios de Klebsiella pneumoniae y Enterobacter cloacae. Materiales y métodos: Se determinó la diversidad genética de 10 aislamientos bacterianos provenientes de pacientes hospitalizados y muestras ambientales procedentes de una unidad de cuidados intensivos de neonatos de un hospital de Lima utilizando el patrón de banda de ADN ribosomal y plasmídico. Posteriormente, se caracterizó la resistencia antimicrobiana y sus principales factores utilizando electroforesis de punto isoeléctrico, Southern Blotting y PCR. Finalmente se evaluó la capacidad de transferencia de la resistencia mediante ensayos de conjugación bacteriana. Resultados: Todos los aislamientos de K. pneumoniae y E. cloacae presentaron el mismo perfil plasmídico. Los aislamientos de E. cloacae presentaron un mismo patrón genético, por el contrario se encontraron cuatro genotipos distintos de K. pneumoniae altamente relacionados. Todos los aislamientos produjeron ß-lactamasa de especto extendido Tipo SHV-5 transferible a otras especies. Conclusiones: El estudio sugiere que la diseminación de estas bacterias en los neonatos pudo haber sido favorecida por un inadecuado manejo asistencial, una defectuosa conservación de leche para el consumo neonatal y el indiscriminado uso de antibióticos, el cual generó una activa transmisión de genes responsables de la resistencia antimicrobiana.

Infección hospitalaria en recién nacidos ingresados en un servicio de cuidados intensivos neonatales Nosocomial infection in newborns admitted in a neonatal intensive care service

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Luis Ricardo Manet Lahera

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de los 48 recién nacidos ingresados por infecciones hospitalarias en el Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso " de Santiago de Cuba durante el 2005. La mayoría de los pacientes (85,5 % presentó sepsis connatal y la infección más común fue la bacteriemia, seguida de las bronconeumonías. El cultivo de secreciones endotraqueales constituyó la muestra de mayor positividad y entre los microorganismos aislados con mayor frecuencia figuraron las klebsiellas y los estafilococos coagulasa positiva. Quedó confirmado que los antibióticos menos efectivos contra los gérmenes grampositivos resultaron ser la penicilina y la ceftriaxona; y contra los gramnegativos, los aminoglucósidos.A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 48 newborns admitted due to nosocomial infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Service of "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba during 2005 was carried out. Most of the patients (85,5% presented sepsis at birth and the most common infection was bacteriemia, followed by bronchopneumonias. The culture of endotracheal secretions constituted the sample of more positivity and among the isolated microorganisms with more frequency there were the Klebsiella and the positive coagulasa estaphylococcus. It was confirmed that the less effective antibiotics against the Gram-positive germs turned out to be penicillin and ceftriaxone; and against the Gram-negative, the aminoglycoside.

La infección nosocomial. Un reto en las unidades de cuidados intensivos

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Edwin Javier Gordon Zamora

2018-01-01

Full Text Available El estudio de la infección nosocomial en las unidades de cuidados intensivos deviene eje central de la asistencia médica y, un pilar del control de su calidad. Estas unidades asumen un elevado número de pacientes críticamente enfermos con comorbilidad, compromiso inmunológico y en contacto con dispositivos invasivos, factores estos que condicionan la diseminación de bacterias multirresistentes, por lo cual se requiere vigilancia e implementación eficiente de las medidas de prevención y control. En este trabajo se intenta abrir el debate en torno a un reto en las unidades de cuidados intensivos: las infecciones nosocomiales.

O seguimento da saúde da criança pré-termo e de baixo peso egressa da terapia intensiva neonatal

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Cláudia Silveira Viera

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio es describir cómo ocurre el cuidado del niño prematuro y de bajo peso después de ser dado de alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal, en lo que se refiere a su seguimiento y el de su familia en el hogar. Es un estudio descriptivo, con abordaje hermenéutico y comprensión de los datos a partir del análisis temático. La investigación se realizó en la ciudad de Cascavel-PR, con seis familias cuyos hijos fueron dados de alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal, siendo acompañados por medio de visitas domiciliarias en los tres primeros meses después de haber sido dados de alta. Los relatos señalan aspectos del cuidado del niño en el hogar y las experiencias con los servicios de salud en la atención basica y especializada. Las familias mostraron su itinerario en los servicios de salud disponibles, en busca de la continuidad del cuidado del niño después de ser dado de alta. Ese itinerario se caracterizó por barreras de acceso, vínculo frágil y vulnerabilidad institucional, produciendo inseguridad, insatisfacción y falta de afecto en el seguimiento del niño.

Debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Incidencia, factores de riesgo y su asociación con la debilidad inspiratoria. Estudio de cohorte observacional

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Ladislao Pablo Diaz Ballve

2017-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia acumulada y analizar los factores riesgo asociados al desarrollo de debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y su asociación con la debilidad inspiratoria. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo en un solo centro, unidad de cuidados intensivos médico-quirúrgica polivalente. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos, que hayan requerido ventilación mecánica ≥ 24 horas entre julio de 2014 y enero de 2016. No hubo intervenciones. Se registraron datos demográficos, diagnóstico clínico y factores relacionados con el desarrollo de debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y Presión inspiratoria máxima. Resultados: Ciento once pacientes incluidos, 66 desarrollaron debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, con una incidencia acumulada del 40,5% en 18 meses. El grupo con debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos presentó mayor edad (55,9 ± 17,6 versus 45.8 ± 16.7, además de más días con ventilación mecánica (7 [4 - 10] versus 4 [2 - 7,3], más días en unidad de cuidados intensivos (15,5 [9,2 - 22,8] versus 9 [6 - 14]. Hubo más pacientes con delirio (68% versus 39%, con hiperglucemia > 3 días (84% versus 59%; y con balance positivo > 3 días (73,3% versus 37%. Todas las comparaciones fueron significativas con p 5 días como predictores independientes para debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. La presión inspiratoria máxima baja se asoció a debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (p 5 días. La presión inspiratoria máxima ≥ 36cmH2O demostró un alto valor diagnóstico para descartar la presencia de debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.

Evaluación del estado nutricional según compartimentos somático, graso y proteico-visceral al ingreso en una unidad de cuidados intensivos

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María Esther Rodríguez Delgado

2014-12-01

Full Text Available La alta prevalencia de malnutrición en el ámbito hospitalario continúa siendo un problema de especial relevancia en España en la actualidad debido al impacto negativo sobre la evolución clínica del paciente hospitalizado. Numerosos estudios evidencian tasas de desnutrición hospitalaria cercanas a un 33-50% de la población hospitalizada. Este impacto es mucho más importante y de mayor trascendencia cuando hablamos de pacientes críticos dentro de la unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Estados nutricionales y metabólicos deficitarios tienen una repercusión directa sobre el enfermo, entorpeciendo la evolución clínica del enfermo e incrementando las tasas de morbimortalidad y de complicaciones hospitalarias así como los costes sanitarios derivados de ello. Desarrollar un adecuado abordaje nutricional mediante soportes nutricionales es un objetivo fundamental y un pilar básico para un óptimo manejo del paciente críticamente enfermo, pudiéndose ver obstaculizado en numerosas ocasiones, especialmente en pacientes que cursan con hipercatabolismo e hipermetabolismo con un consumo energético importante secundario al proceso patológico que motivó el ingreso. A todo ello hay que sumar la gran dificultad que supone una valoración integral y completa de su estado nutricional donde muchos de estos parámetros, encuestas nutricionales y pruebas funcionales puede resultar complicadas de realizar, poco fidedignos, o pueden aportan datos incorrectos, incompletos o con imposibilidad de su realización.

Fatores que tornam estressante o trabalho de médicos e enfermeiros em terapia intensiva pediátrica e neonatal: estudo de revisão bibliográfica Factors that cause stress in physicians and nurses working in a pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit: bibliographic review

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Monalisa de Cássia Fogaça

2008-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Revisão de literatura sobre estresse ocupacional e síndrome de burnout em médicos e enfermeiros que trabalham em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e neonatal. MÉTODOS: Os artigos foram identificados a partir das bases de dados MedLine, LILACS e SciElo, usando as palavras-chave estresse, burnout, médicos, enfermagem, unidade de terapia intensiva, unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos e unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais. O período pesquisado foi de 1990 a 2007. RESULTADOS: Médicos e enfermeiros que trabalham em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e neonatal são candidatos a apresentarem estresse, alterações psicológicas e síndrome de Burnout. Pesquisas sobre o tema identificaram alterações importantes que acometem médicos e enfermeiros intensivistas: sobrecarga de trabalho, burnout, desejo de abandonar o trabalho e níveis elevados de cortisol entre outros fatores. CONCLUSÕES: Os profissionais que trabalham em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica e neonatal , pela especificidade do seu trabalho, estão expostos ao risco do estresse ocupacional e, conseqüentemente ao Burnout. Estes dados sugerem a necessidade de serem feitas pesquisas, com o objetivo de desenvolver medidas preventivas e modelos de intervenção.OBJECTIVES: Bibliographic review on occupational stress and burnout presence in physicians and nurses that work in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units. METHODS: The articles were selected from the MedLine, LILACS and SciElo data base using the key words: stress, burnout, physicians, nursing, intensive care unit, pediatric intensive care unit and neonatal intensive care unit. The studied period ranged from 1990 to 2007. RESULTS: Health professionals who work in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units are strong candidates for developing stress, psychological alterations and burnout syndrome. Researches on this subject identified important alterations suffered by these

IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS NA PRODUÇÃO DO ETANOL BRASILEIRO: UMA BREVE DISCUSSÃO DO CAMPO À INDÚSTRIA

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Lilian Pugliese

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem como objetivo compilar e apresentar conjuntamente os principais impactos ambientais causados pela produção agrícola e industrial da produção de etanol, assim como apontar medidas de mitigação que têm sido apresentadas na literatura. O delineamento do estudo foi realizado pela análise qualitativa do material obtido em revisão bibliográfica. Durante a produção agrícola, os principais impactos ambientais encontrados foram a compactação dos solos por tratores e implementos agrícolas, a contaminação de corpos d’água e solos pelo uso intensivo de fertilizantes e agrotóxicos, aplicação não controlada de vinhaça, torta de filtro ou escórias de siderurgia e poluição do ar por queimadas da palha da cana-de-açúcar. Durante a produção industrial, os principais impactos ambientais apontados relacionam-se com a poluição de ar proveniente da queima do bagaço e palhada excedente para geração de energia elétrica e cinzas dessa queima, com o descarte inadequados da água de lavagem da cana e de equipamentos, das águas residuais de condensadores e multijatos e das águas residuais domésticas. As discussões apresentadas demonstram que a produção de etanol pode gerar impactos desconhecidos pela maior parte da população, tanto na produção agrícola, quanto na produção industrial, podendo ocasionar poluição atmosférica e dos recursos hídricos. Medidas de mitigação, como biodegradação da vinhaça e produção de gases para geração de energia, diminuição do consumo e reúso da água, também são apontadas.

Dacriocistitis aguda neonatal (1996-2005 Acute neonatal dacryocystitis

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Zoila del S López Díaz

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio longitudinal y retrospectivo en diez años (1996-2005, de todos los neonatos cuyo motivo de ingreso en nuestra Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales fue ser portadores de dacriocistitis aguda. Se obtuvo los siguientes resultados: incidencia 0,04 c/ 100 ingresos. Predominio: edades entre 7-27días (sepsis tardía, sexo femenino 66,6 %, nacidos de embarazos a término y con buen peso al nacer 100 %. Etiología no precisada 83,3 %. Tratamiento utilizado: antibioticoterapia (penicilina + gentacina, 4 pacientes, 66,6 %, (unasyn, 1 paciente, 16,6 %, (amoxicilina + unasyn + gentamicina, 1 paciente, 16,6 %; uso de inmunoglobulina humana en 2 pacientes. Complicaciones: celulitis facial y periorbitaria 66,6 %; absceso periorbitario 33,3 %; fiebre (33,3 % y obstrucción nasal 16,6 %. Evolución satisfactoria con seguimiento por Oftalmología después del egreso hospitalario, en 100 % de los casosA retrospective longitudinal study of all neonates admitted to our Intensive Care Unit because they suffered from acute dacryocystitis was performed for 10 years (1996-2005. The results were as follows: incidence rate of 0,04 per 100 admissions; prevalence: 7-27d age groups (late sepsis, females with 66,6%; neonates born to term pregnancies and with good birthweight in 100%. Inaccurate etiology in 83,3 %. Treatment: antibiotic therapy (penicilline + gentamycin in 4 paients, 66,6%, (unasyn, one patient, 16,6 %, (amoxycillin + unasyn +gentamycin, 1 patient, 16.6 %. Use of human immunoglobulin in 2 patients. Complications: facial and periorbital cellulitis, 66,6%; periorbital abscess 33,3 %; fever (33,3 % and nasal obstruction (16,6 %. Satisfactory recovery with ophtalmological follow-up after discharge from hospital in 100 % of cases

Eventos adversos derivados del cuidado brindado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Adultos del Hospital Universidad del Norte. Barranquilla (Colombia

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Elizabeth Villarreal Cantillo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar los eventos adversos derivados del cuidado brindado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Universidad del Norte (en Barranquilla en el periodo enero-diciembre de 2012. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo. La muestra se obtuvo mediante un muestreo sistemático, a partir de un listado ordenado de todas las personas ingresadas al Hospital Universidad del Norte (HUN en los servicios de Urgencias, Hospitalización, Cirugía, UCI Adultos, UCI Neonatal, Gineco-Obstetricia, Consulta Externa, Radiología y Laboratorio que hubieran sufrido algún evento adverso ocurrido entre enero a diciembre de 2012. La información se obtuvo mediante la base de datos del Hospital Universidad del Norte. Para el análisis se utilizó Microsoft Excel 2010. Resultados: Durante 2012 se presentaron 130 (25 % casos de eventos adversos; siendo el segundo servicio con mayor número de eventos, después de Hospitalización. Las tres primeras causas de eventos adversos fueron: la infección nosocomial, con un 25 %; las úlceras por presión, con en un 18 %, y la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica, con un 16 %. Conclusiones: Los eventos adversos que más son reportados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos adultos son aquellos que ocurren cuando hay una mayor intervención en el paciente. Condiciona la aparición de eventos adversos un personal sanitario con déficit de conocimientos y falta de preparación. La ocurrencia de estos eventos adversos pone en peligro la vida de los seres humanos, debido a que empeoran su condición, produce sobrecosto y al profesional le genera sobrecarga laboral y afectiva.

Competitividad del comercio internacional de servicios intensivos en conocimiento de México, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica y Brasil

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Andrea Samanta Méndez Maya

2018-01-01

Full Text Available El sector servicios ha tenido un acelerado crecimiento en los últimos años, particularmente, los intensivos en conocimiento, por lo que, el objetivo de esta investigación consiste en identificar a los sectores más competitivos en el comercio internacional de servicios intensivos en conocimiento de México, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica y Brasil, durante el periodo 2006-2016, a través del Índice de la Ventaja Comparativa Revelada (VCR y el Índice de la Ventaja Relativa de Intercambio (VRI.  Los hallazgos demuestran que los seguros, las telecomunicaciones, servicios de informática y de información, y otros servicios a negocios fueron los sectores más competitivos. Se concluye que América Latina comienza a ser una de las regiones más atractivas para el offshoring de servicios en el comercio internacional de servicios intensivos en conocimiento.

Estado Confusional Agudo nas Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos

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Santos, L; Alcântara, J

1996-01-01

As alterações do comportamento frequentemente observadas em doentes internados nas unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI), podem ser adequadamente designadas, na maioria das vezes, por estado confusional agudo, o qual se caracteriza por: flutuação do estado de vigília, distúrbio do ciclo vigília-sono, défice de atenção e concentração, desorganização do pensamento, manifestado entre outras formas por discurso incoerente, distúrbios da percepção sob a forma de ilusões e/ou alucinações, desorient...

O impacto do programa integrado para o autismo (PIPA)

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Lima, Cláudia Bandeira de; Afonso, Catarina; Calado, Ana Catarina; Torgal, Fernanda; Gouveia, Rosa; Nascimento, Catarina

2013-01-01

A Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo é uma patologia que atinge a maioria das áreas do desenvolvimento normal de uma criança. É uma doença crónica que exige um acompanhamento ao longo da vida. A Academia Americana de Pediatria recomenda que a intervenção seja iniciada o mais precoce possível, multidisciplinar e de carácter intensivo. Neste sentido, o Centro de Desenvolvimento Infantil LógicaMentes criou um Programa Integrado Para o Autismo (PIPA). Trata-se de um Programa de carácter intensivo...

Incidência de infecção nosocomial causada por vírus respiratórios em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos e semi-intensivos neonatal.

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GADELHA, C. S. E.

2012-01-01

O neonato, especialmente aquele nascido antes do termo, é mais suscetível às infecções. Existem poucos dados publicados sobre as infecções virais nosocomiais. no período neonatal e estes apresentam resultados discordantes. Objetivos: Determinar a incidência de infecção viral nosocomial em neonatos internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) e semi-intensiva, em Vitória, ES e realizar vigilância clínica quanto ao aparecimento de sintomas sugestivos desta infecção viral. Métodos: Trata...

El impacto social en las evaluaciones de impacto ambienta: su conceptualización y práctica

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Mercedes Pardo

1994-01-01

Análisis del impacto social de las obras públicas es parte integrante de las evaluaciones de impacto ambiental (eia) en España. En este artículo se analiza el impacto a través de la investigación de las declaraciones oficiales de impacto ambiental y situándolas en un marco más amplio relativo de conceptualización del impacto social que se hace en la legislación aplicable, en las guías metodológicas de análisis para este campo y en los estudios de impacto ambiental concretos. se concluye con u...

El impacto social en las evaluaciones de impacto ambiental: su conceptualización y práctica

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Pardo Buendía, Mercedes

1994-01-01

El análisis del impacto social de las obras públicas es parte integrante de las Evaluaciones de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) en España. En este artículo se analiza el impacto social a través de la investigación de las Declaraciones oficiales de Impacto Ambiental y situándolas en un marco más amplio relativo al tipo de conceptualización del impacto social que se hace en la legislación aplicable, en las guías metodológicas de análisis para este campo y en los estudios de impacto ambiental concretos....

Eficacia de la limpieza corporal con clorhexidina en prevenir la sepsis neonatal en cuidado intensivo revisión sistemática

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Ortegón Parra, Lizeth; Troncoso Moreno, Gloria Amparo; Corrales Cobos, Ivohne Fernanda; Cortes Luna, Jorge Alberto; Morón Duarte, Lina Sofía

2015-01-01

ANTECEDENTES. La mortalidad neonatal se debe principalmente a procesos infecciosos y a prematurez. Se ha sugerido que el lavado corporal total con clorhexidina podría reducir la mortalidad neonatal relacionada con infección. No existen revisiones sistemáticas que exploren la eficacia de esta intervención. Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la limpieza corporal total con clorhexidina en la prevención de las infecciones asociadas al cuidado de la salud en neonatos de alto riesgo ho...

Resiliencia y engagement en trabajadores de una unidad de cuidado intensivo

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Gil, Carolina; Fetecua, Marcela

2017-01-01

La resiliencia y el engagement son estados mentales que permiten tener una alta capacidad de sobreponerse a las situaciones estresantes, salir fortalecidos, comprometerse y dedicarse más a su labor. Esta Investigación analiza la relación entre estos estados mentales en el personal asistencial de una unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI). Es un estudio cuantitativo, transeccional de alcance descriptivo-correlacional, con una muestra de 66 trabajadores de un hospital en Cundinamarca (Colombia), qu...

Efecto de un tratamiento intensivo con insulina sobre la reactividad plaquetaria en pacientes con hiperglucemia que ingresan con un síndrome coronario agudo

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Vivas Balcones, Luis David

2011-01-01

El objetivo primario de este trabajo ha sido la valoración del efecto que produce el control estricto de la glucemia mediante un tratamiento intensivo y precoz con insulina sobre la reactividad plaquetaria durante la fase hospitalaria en pacientes que ingresan en una unidad de cuidados intensivos cardiológicos con un síndrome coronario agudo e hiperglucemia, respecto a un tratamiento convencional.

Mediastinite Aguda: Estudo Retrospetivo de 8 Anos de Abordagem em Cuidados Intensivos

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Ana Bastos Furtado

2018-02-01

Conclusão: A nossa série difere do reportado na literatura relativamente aos dados demográficos (mulheres, com idade média superior e à etiologia das mediastinites (perfuração do esófago e mediastinites descendentes. Para o sucesso do tratamento é fundamental o diagnóstico e abordagem atempada em ambiente de cuidados intensivos pela gravidade, complexidade e multiplicidade das técnicas aplicadas.

El impacto social en las evaluaciones de impacto ambienta: su conceptualización y práctica

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Mercedes Pardo

1994-01-01

Full Text Available Análisis del impacto social de las obras públicas es parte integrante de las evaluaciones de impacto ambiental (eia en España. En este artículo se analiza el impacto a través de la investigación de las declaraciones oficiales de impacto ambiental y situándolas en un marco más amplio relativo de conceptualización del impacto social que se hace en la legislación aplicable, en las guías metodológicas de análisis para este campo y en los estudios de impacto ambiental concretos. se concluye con unas propuestas de integración de la participación pública en las diferentes fases de evaluación ambiental con objeto de su incorporación en el procedimiento administrativo legal de las eia.

Controlo intensivo da glicémia em doentes críticos

OpenAIRE

Ferreira, AR

2007-01-01

Trabalho realizado no contexto do estágio de Cuidados Intensivos do Internato Médico Complementar A evolução da medicina intensiva durante as últimas três a quatro décadas trouxe um aumento tremendo na sobrevivência imediata dos doentes críticos, com patologias previamente letais. É por isso frequente na actualidade que os doentes entrem numa fase crónica de doença crítica, durante a qual permanecem dependentes do suporte de orgãos vitais por um ...

Intervenções não farmacológicas no controlo da dor em cuidados intensivos neonatais Intervenciones no farmacológicas en el control del dolor en cuidados intensivos neonatales Non-pharmacological interventions in pain management in neonatal intensive care

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Luís Manuel Cunha Batalha

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Introdução: Apesar de se reconhecer que a maior parte da dor experimentada pelo recém-nascido (RN pode ser prevenida ou substancialmente aliviada, inúmeros estudos continuam a revelar um tratamento insuficiente. Objectivos: Determinar a prevalência e gravidade da dor sentida pelo RN submetido a cuidados intensivos e a efectividade das medidas terapêuticas não farmacológicas. Metodologia: Numa UCIN de um Hospital Universitário estudaram-se 170 RN, ao longo de um ano, de que resultaram 844 observações. Os dados foram colhidos através da observação do RN, entrevista a pais e enfermeiros prestadores de cuidados e análise retrospectiva seriada dos registos intermitentes efectuados no processo clínico. A Intensidade da dor foi medida através da escala Echelle Douleur et d’Inconfort du Nouveau-Né (EDIN. Resultados: Em oito horas de observação, as 844 observações realizadas mostraram uma alta prevalência de dor (94,8%, com predomínio para a dor ligeira (72,7%. As intervenções não farmacológicas foram utilizadas em 88,7% das observações, com evidência para os posicionamentos, massagens e técnicas de conforto. Conclusões: Os enfermeiros usam com frequência e eficácia as medidas não farmacológicas de conforto, massagem e posicionamentos, mas outras técnicas deveriam ser incrementadas como o uso de sacarose, glicose ou aleitamento materno.Introducción: A pesar de reconocerse que la mayor parte del dolor experimentado por el recién nacido (RN puede ser prevenido o sustancialmente aliviado, innúmeros estudios revelan todavía un tratamiento insuficiente. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia y gravedad del dolor sentido por el RN sometido a cuidados intensivos y la afectividad de las medidas terapéuticas no farmacológicas. Metodología: En una UCIN de un Hospital Universitario, se estudiaron 170 RN a lo largo de un año, de donde resultaron 844 observaciones. Los datos fueron recopilados a través de la observaci

Impacto de las inversiones en TI en la eficiencia de los bancos argentinos Impacto dos investimentos em TI na eficiência dos bancos argentinos Impact of IT investments on efficiency in Argentinean banks

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Ángel Agustín Argañaraz

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Las tecnologías de información (TI constituyen en la actualidad una herramienta fundamental para el logro de ventajas competitivas en un contexto sumamente cambiante. Resulta relevante conocer el impacto de su utilización sobre el desempeño de las organizaciones, en particular en sectores como el bancario, que realizan un uso intensivo de información. En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo que posibilita evaluar el impacto de las inversiones en TI sobre la eficiencia de las entidades bancarias. Se utilizó la técnica Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA como herramienta de medición de la eficiencia de acuerdo al modelo elaborado sobre la información obtenida de los estados contables de entidades bancarias de la República Argentina. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que los bancos alcanzaron un buen nivel de eficiencia global. Se encontró que los más eficientes son las sucursales de entidades financieras del exterior y los bancos locales de capital extranjero.A tecnologia da informação (TI é hoje uma ferramenta fundamental para alcançar vantagens competitivas em um ambiente altamente mutável. É importante conhecer o impacto de sua utilização no desempenho das organizações, especialmente em setores como o bancário, que faz uso extensivo de informações. Neste trabalho, desenvolve-se um modelo que permite avaliar o impacto dos investimentos em TI na eficiência dos bancos. Utilizou-se a técnica Análise Envoltória de Dados (Data Envelopment Analysis - DEA como ferramenta para medir a eficiência de acordo com o modelo elaborado com informações obtidas de demonstrações financeiras de bancos na Argentina. Os resultados mostraram que os bancos atingiram um bom nível de eficiência global. Verificou-se que os mais eficientes são os ramos de instituições financeiras estrangeiras e bancos locais com capital estrangeiro.Information Technology (IT represents an essential tool in the achievement of competitive

O envolvimento do enfermeiro no processo de morrer de bebês internados em Unidade Neonatal El involucramiento del enfermero en el proceso de morir de niños hospitalizados en una unidad de neonatología Nurses experiences with death in the neonatal intensive care unit

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Isabella Rocha Aguiar

2006-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: compreender a participação do enfermeiro no processo de morrer de bebês internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa Qualitativa em que participaram 10 enfermeiras de uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatológica de um hospital-escola da cidade de Fortaleza-CE, durante os meses de maio e junho de 2003. RESULTADOS: os resultados foram analisados conforme as categorias: Sentimentos que emergem na convivência com a morte; Convivendo com a família no processo de morrer; A influência da formação acadêmica para a convivência com o paciente terminal. Os sentimentos citados foram de perda, tristeza, angústia, impotência, frieza. Os profissionais se vêem envolvidos com a família que vivencia o luto. A maioria das enfermeiras não teve embasamento acerca de Tanatologia no Curso de Graduação. CONCLUSÃO: os profissionais que lidam com a morte em sua prática convivem com a busca do equilíbrio entre o cuidar do outro e de si mesmo.OBJETIVO: comprender la participación del enfermero en el proceso de morir de bebés internados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa Qualitativa en que participaron en el estudio 10 enfermeras de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal de un hospital-docente de la ciudad de Fortaleza-CE, durante los meses de mayo a junio del 2003. RESULTADOS: los datos fueron analizados resultando las siguientes categorías: Sentimientos que emergen en la convivencia con la muerte; Conviviendo con la familia en el proceso de morir; La influencia de la formación académica para la convivencia con el paciente terminal. Los sentimientos citados fueron de pérdida, tristeza, angustia, impotencia, frialdad. Los profesionales se ven involucrados con la familia que vivencia el duelo. La mayoría de las enfermeras no tuvo base respecto a Tanatología en el Pregrado. CONCLUSIÓN: los profesionales que se enfrentan con la muerte, en su práctica, conviven con la b

Morbimortalidad neonatal durante seis meses en un hospital regional en Ghana

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María Caridad Corría Santos

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un trabajo descriptivo de corte transversal sobre la morbimortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del Hospital Regional Sunyani de Ghana, en un periodo de seis meses, desde agosto de 2009 hasta enero de 2010, con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento de la morbimortalidad de 170 neonatos, que necesitaron de estos servicios en el periodo estudiado. Se revisaron las entidades o eventos clínicos definidos y diagnosticados al egreso, así como la cantidad de pacientes que sobrevivieron y los fallecidos. Los datos fueron obtenidos de historias clínicas y el libro de registro del referido servicio. Los resultados se presentaron en tablas y mediante el empleo de la estadística porcentual. La prematuridad estuvo presente en 89 pacientes (52%, seguido de la asfixia, en 51 (30% y de la sepsis neonatal, en 46 (27%. Fallecieron 33 neonatos (19,4% y sobrevivieron 137 (80,6%. Las entidades clínicas más frecuentes en los fallecidos fueron: prematuridad en 21 pacientes (63%, asfixia perinatal en 19 neonatos (57,6% y la sepsis en 9 (27,3%. Un paciente falleció (0,6% con diagnóstico de tétanos neonatal. La letalidad y la sobrevida se comportaron como en la generalidad de los países en vías de desarrollo

Características de las infecciones nosocomiales en el servicio de cuidados intensivos pediátricos del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, Cuenca 2014 -2015

OpenAIRE

Salcedo González, Rosa Karina

2016-01-01

Objetivo: Determinar las características de las infecciones nosocomiales en el servicio de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso durante el año 2014 al 2015. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo llevado a cabo en 32 pacientes diagnosticados de infección nosocomial en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso; los datos fueron recogidos en un formulario; se tabularon en el programa SPSS versión 15 y para el análisis ...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Clinical practices in five Portuguese neonatal intensive care units Displasia broncopulmonar: Práticas clínicas em cinco unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais

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H Guimarães

2010-04-01

Full Text Available With the advent of surfactant, prenatal corticosteroids (PNC and advances in technology, the survival rate of extremely low birth weight (ELBW infants has improved dramatically. Rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD vary widely among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs and many studies using multiple interventions have shown some improvement in BPD rates. Implementing potentially better practices to reduce BPD has been an effort made over the last few decades. Aim: To compare five Portuguese NICUs in terms of clinical practices in very low birth weight (VLBW infants, in order to developbetter practices to prevent BPD. Patients and methods: 256 preterm neonates, gestational age (GA Com o advento do surfactante, dos corticosteróides prénatais e dos avanços na tecnologia, a sobrevida dos recém-nascidos de extremo baixo peso tem melhorado dramaticamente. As taxas de displasia broncopulmonar (DBP variam amplamente entre unidades, e vários estudos, avaliando resultados de múltiplas intervenções, têm mostrado alguma melhoria na prevalência da DBP. A implementação de potenciais boas práticas na DBP tem sido adoptada por muitos serviços nas últimas décadas. Objectivo: Comparar cinco unidades portuguesas de cuidados intensivos neonatais no que se refere as práticas clínicas no tratamento dos recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso, para desenvolver e melhorar as boas práticas na prevenção da DBP. População e métodos: Foram estudados 256 recém-nascidos com a idade gestacional inferior a 30 semanas e/ou peso ao nascer inferior a 1250 g, admitidos nas cinco unidades portuguesas (centros 1 a 5 entre 1 de Janeiro de 2004 e 31 de Dezembro de 2006. Foram excluídos os recém-nascidos com malformações major, hemorragia intraventricular grau IV na primeira semana de vida e com doença metabólica ou neuromuscular. Definimos DBP como a dependência do oxigénio às 36 semanas de idade pós-concepcional. A ecessidade de melhorar

Factores de riesgo asociados a infecciones en pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI

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Ruby Elizabeth Vargas-Toloza

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudio de abordaje Cuantitativo Descriptivo Transversal busca determinar los factores de riesgos intrínsecos y extrínsecos, medios diagnósticos e incidencia; asociados a Infecciones en los pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI de la Clínica San José en la ciudad de Cúcuta. La Edad, es un factor predisponente en el desarrollo de infecciones en los pacientes que ingresaron a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI de la Clínica San José durante el periodo evaluado, se observó que la infección fue más frecuente en los adultos mayores de 41 años con un 86.5%. Las enfermedades de base relacionadas con la aparición de infecciones (Diabetes, Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC, Hepatopatía e Insuficiencia Renal, en el estudio no evidenció un comportamiento estadísticamente significativo, sin embargo, el 34.3% de los pacientes que presentaron insuficiencia renal, seguido del 29.9% que presentaron Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC y Diabetes, tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar infecciones que los pacientes que carecen de este antecedente durante su tiempo de hospitalización en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI, siendo este un factor de riesgo predisponente en la aparición de las infecciones. Dentro de los procedimientos invasivos más usados están la sonda urinaria, la ventilación mecánica y el catéter venoso central. La incidencia de infección en la población objeto del presente estudio fue de 17,9%. Los agentes infecciosos que estuvieron presentes tanto en sangre, como en orina y secreción bronquial fueron Escherichia coli, Klebsiella y Staphylococcus Aureus, microorganismos altamente contagiosos y perjudiciales.

Aspergilosis invasiva en unidad de cuidado intensivo

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Mónica M. Toro-Lezcano

Full Text Available La aspergilosis invasiva (AI es causada por la inhalación de conidias del moho Aspergillus spp. , el cual tiene como hábitat el suelo. Ha sido descrita en pacientes con trasplante de médula ósea y neutropenia grave (<500 neutrófilos/mm 3 . Los pacientes que ingresan a la unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI también pueden ser susceptibles a la AI, con otros factores de riesgo tales como: enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC, cirrosis hepática, enfermedades autoinmunes en manejo inmunosupresor y trasplante de órgano sólido, en donde la mortalidad puede llegar al 80%. Se describe el caso de un hombre de 56 años con antecedente de tabaquismo, sin confirmación espirométrica de EPOC, que presentó AI pulmonar durante su estancia en UCI. El diagnóstico fue confirmado por histopatología de úlcera en carina, cultivo de aspirado traqueal y galactomanan en lavado broncoalveolar. Voriconazol fue su tratamiento, con buena respuesta clínica.

Costo-beneficio en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales The cost-benefit in a neonatal intensive care unit

OpenAIRE

Rafael Amador Morán; Alberto Labrada Despaigne; Ana Campo González; Rosa Díaz Aguilar

2011-01-01

INTRODUCCIÓN. El Sistema Nacional de Salud de Cuba ha desarrollado un conjunto de reformas encaminadas a lograr una mayor eficiencia en la prestación de servicios, para preservar logros como la efectividad y la accesibilidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los costos en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal del Hospital Ginecoobstétrico de Guanabacoa en el período de un año. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo del período de enero a diciembre del 2009. ...

Caracterización de pacientes con paludismo grave por Plasmodium falciparum en una unidad de cuidados intensivos

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Alberto García Gómez

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el paludismo es la enfermedad parasitaria más importante del ser humano, causa anualmente entre uno y tres millones de muertes. Objetivos: caracterizar a los pacientes con paludismo grave por Plasmodium falciparum ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en Angola, de julio de 2014 hasta julio de 2016. La serie quedó constituida por 485 pacientes. Resultados: la serie representó el 99,6 % de los ingresos. La edad media fue de 23,4 ± 11,2 años. Predominaron el sexo masculino (66,4 % y los grupos de edades de 30 años o menos (83,6 %. La proporción del sexo masculino/femenino fue de 1,97:1. La mortalidad fue de 43,1 %. El sexo femenino tuvo mayor proporción de fallecidos (61 %. Fue más alto el por ciento de fallecidos en los que presentaron parasitemia >= 50000 x mm3. La media del valor del Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation II fue de 14,8 ± 5,4; en los fallecidos fue superior que en los vivos (17,6 vs 12,3. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron de tipo neurológicas (90,1 %, hematológicas (77 %, respiratorias (61,8 %, hepáticas (58,7 %, y renales (40,3 %. El 51,6 % de los pacientes recibieron ventilación mecánica. Conclusiones: los jóvenes representaron la mayor parte de los ingresos por malaria en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, un porcentaje alto requirió ventilación mecánica, la mortalidad en las mujeres fue mayor y la global elevada.

Afrontamiento y adaptación en pacientes egresados de unidades de cuidado intensivo

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Inna Elida Flórez-Torres

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: describir la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación en pacientes egresados de unidades de cuidado intensivo de la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia. Método: estudio descriptivo, realizado en 171 pacientes egresados de unidades de cuidados intensivos durante el segundo semestre de 2009. Se empleó la Escala de medición del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación de Callista Roy. Para valorar los factores que miden las estrategias y los recursos de afrontamiento para la adaptación se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y coeficiente de variación. Resultados: el 50,3 % de los participantes fueron mujeres y 49,7 % hombres. La capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación fue del 63,2 %, el 19,9 % presentó mediana capacidad. La baja capacidad reportó 1,2 %. Por factores, el proceso de alerta presentó una mayor puntuación, con 46,2 %, en alta capacidad en las estrategias de afrontamiento, y en el procesamiento sistemático, el 45,0% se ubicó en muy alta capacidad en cuanto a los recursos utilizados para la adaptación. Conclusión: los pacientes reflejaron un estilo de afrontamiento activo con estrategias centradas en el problema tanto cognitivas como comportamentales, percibiendo la situación como controlable. El Modelo de Roy permite a las enfermeras identificar en los pacientes estrategias adecuadas o inefectivas y orientar el cuidado.

PROBLEMAS ÉTICOS DEL RETIRO O LIMITACIÓN DE TRATAMIENTO VITAL EN UNIDADES DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS

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Mónica Rincón Roncancio

2015-01-01

Full Text Available La medicina crítica atraviesa sus mejores momentos. Como afirma Gracia, "los cuidados intensivos han alcanzado su mayoría de edad". Nadie cuestiona dichos adelantos para pacientes que eran considerados hace relativamente poco como desahuciados. Sin embargo, también da algo de vértigo el cambio que se ha logrado en el manejo de la muerte de dichos pacientes: el tránsito de una muerte "natural" a una muerte "gobernada por el hombre". En este contexto cobran nuevo sentido conceptos como eutanasia, distanasia, futilidad, calidad de vida, muerte digna y, de manera especial, el concepto de retiro o limitación de tratamiento vital (LET. El presente artículo de reflexión analiza los problemas éticos que se generan al implementar los protocolos de LET en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI. El artículo está dividido en cuatro partes: 1. Distinciones terminológicas; 2. formas de aplicación de la LET; 3. LET en casos especiales: pediatría y personas con discapacidad, y 4. los problemas éticos específicos de la LET.

Máquina para a colheita contínua de azeitona em olivais intensivos

OpenAIRE

Dias, António Bento; Cardoso, V.; Reynolds de Souza, D.; Falcão, J.M.; Pinheiro, Anacleto; Peça, J.O.

2012-01-01

A diminuição dos custos de colheita nos olivais intensivos (200 a 550 árvores por hectare) terá de ser encarada como tarefa urgente para que estes olivais possam ser competitivos. Nestes olivais, a técnica tradicional de colheita com vibradores de tronco encontra limitações, como a falta de espaço para o desempenho de equipamentos de recolha associados aos vibradores; mas é sobretudo, devido a ser uma técnica descontínua, baseada numa repetição de ciclos de manobras, que origina enorme fa...

Engorde de bagres (Rhamdia quelen) en sistema de cultivo intensivo por sexos separados

OpenAIRE

Comolli, J; Roux, J.P; Sánchez, S; Hernández, D

2013-01-01

El bagre sudamericano (ramdiá o jundiá) se caracteriza por rápido crecimiento en los primeros meses de vida e importante diferencia de desarrollo entre ambos sexos. La madurez sexual del macho es precoz, por lo cual la hembra alcanza un peso vivo 30% mayor que el del macho. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo analizar el engorde de especimenes de Rhamdia quelen separados por sexos en un sistema intensivo. Se llevaron a cabo tres tratamientos: TA- hembra, TB- mixto y TC- macho. El engorde se...

Valor preditivo dos escores de SNAP e SNAP-PE na mortalidade neonatal Predictive value of SNAP and SNAP-PE for neonatal mortality

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Rita C. Silveira

2001-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: avaliar os escores SNAP e SNAP-PE como preditores de mortalidade neonatal na nossa UTI neonatal, comparando seus resultados. MÉTODOS: todos os recém-nascidos admitidos na UTI neonatal no período de março de 1997 a dezembro de 1998 foram avaliados prospectivamente quanto ao SNAP e SNAP-PE com 24 horas de vida. Foram critérios de exclusão o óbito ou alta da UTI nas primeiras 24 horas de vida, as malformações congênitas incompatíveis com a vida, e recém-nascidos transferidos de outros hospitais. RESULTADOS: 553 recém-nascidos foram incluídos, 54 faleceram. Os valores das medianas do SNAP e SNAP-PE foram mais elevados naqueles que não sobreviveram. Os recém-nascidos foram divididos em cinco faixas de gravidade crescente de SNAP e SNAP-PE. SNAP: até 6, 7-11, 12-15, 16-24, acima de 24 (mortalidade: 3%, 11%, 29%, 48%, 75%, respectivamente. SNAP-PE: até 11, 12-23, 24-32, 33-50, acima de 50 (mortalidade: 3%, 10%, 53%, 78%, 83%, respectivamente. A partir da Curva ROC, os pontos de corte foram 12 para SNAP e 24 para SNAP-PE, obtendo-se sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP e valor preditivo negativo (VPN para mortalidade. SNAP 12: sensibilidade 79,6%, especificidade 71,7%, VPP 23,4%, VPN 97%. SNAP-PE 24: sensibilidade 79,6%, especificidade 80%, VPP 30%, VPN 97,3%. A área abaixo da Curva ROC (Az para SNAP foi 81,4% e para SNAP-PE 85,1%, ambas estatisticamente significativas. A comparação entre as áreas das duas curvas não evidenciou diferença estatisticamente significativa. CONCLUSÕES: os escores SNAP e SNAP-PE são excelentes preditores de sobrevida neonatal, recomendamos sua utilização rotineiramente na admissão de recém-nascidos nas Unidades de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal.OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology and the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension as neonatal mortality predictors in our neonatal intensive care unit, and to compare their

Unificando los criterios de sepsis neonatal tardía: propuesta de un algoritmo de vigilancia diagnóstica

Science.gov (United States)

Zea-Vera, Alonso; Turin, Christie G.; Ochoa, Theresa J.

2015-01-01

Las infecciones constituyen una de las principales causas de muerte en el periodo neonatal. El diagnóstico de sepsis neonatal representa un gran desafío ya que los recién nacidos presentan signos clínicos muy inespecíficos y los exámenes auxiliares tienen una baja sensibilidad. Con el objetivo de mejorar el diagnóstico correcto de esta patología proponemos un algoritmo de vigilancia diagnóstica para sepsis neonatal tardía en el Perú y países de la región. El algoritmo permite clasificar a los episodios como sepsis confirmada, probable o posible, y sobretodo busca identificar aquellos episodios que no corresponden a sepsis, evitando calificar otras patologías como “sepsis”. Un mejor diagnóstico permitiría tener tasas más reales de sepsis neonatal, mejorar el uso de antibióticos y evitar sus efectos negativos en el recién nacido, así como una visión más exacta de su impacto en la salud pública. PMID:25123879

Consecuencias ambientales de la producción de carne bovina en sistemas intensivos confinados (Feedlots)

OpenAIRE

Maisonnave, Roberto Carlos

2002-01-01

Se estudiaron variables fisicas y químicas de importancia ambiental en un Establecimiento dedicado al Engorde Bovino Intensivo en Confinamiento, comúnmente llamado feedlot, con el objetivo de determinar si esta actividad generó contaminación ambiental tras diez años de existencia. Se determinaron las concentraciones de distintas especies químicas utilizando métodos estandarizados de recolección y acondicionamiento de muestras, como así también métodos quimicos y fisicos normalizados de determ...

Costos secundarios por infecciones nosocomiales en dos unidades pediátricas de cuidados intensivos

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Navarrete-Navarro Susana

1999-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO. Estimar los costos asociados a infecciones nosocomiales en niños tratados en dos unidades de terapia intensiva. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio parcial de costos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN y en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UTIP de un hospital infantil de tercer nivel de atención médica. Se investigaron los costos de las pruebas diagnósticas y de los recursos terapéuticos empleados, así como el exceso de estancia hospitalaria debida a la presencia de una infección nosocomial. RESULTADOS. Se detectaron 102 infecciones, 46 en UCIN y 56 en UTIP, en el lapso de un año, tiempo que duró el estudio. El costo promedio por infección fue de 91 698 pesos y el gasto global fue de 9.3 millones de pesos. Neumonía, flebitis y septicemia abarcaron 65% de los costos. En los niños infectados se registró una estancia hospitalaria extra de 9.6 días, 13.7 exámenes de laboratorio y 3.3 cultivos en promedio, debido a la presencia de una infección intrahospitalaria. La estancia hospitalaria representó 97% del gasto total. CONCLUSIONES. Esta evaluación representa una estimación de costos directos de infección. Los resultados justifican el establecimiento de programas preventivos agresivos para reducir las complicaciones dentro de los hospitales.

Produção de óxido nítrico no hipocampo: investigação do envolvimento da óxido nítrico sintase neuronal no desenvolvimento de comportamentos ansiosos em animais submetidos a estresse neonatal

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Roberta Dalle Molle

2012-04-01

Conclusão: Uma maior atividade da nNOS não parece estar envolvida no comportamento ansioso observado neste modelo animal, no entanto a relação mãe-filhote, alterada por um ambiente neonatal adverso, teve impacto sobre o comportamento ansioso de forma sexo específica

Indicações da Broncofibroscopia em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos

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Ema Sacadura Leite

1997-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: A deterioração respiratória é um problema comum em U.C.I., para a qual a broncofibroscopia constitui um método auxiliar diagnóstico e terapêutico importante. Trata-se contudo de um método invasivo, pelo que é importante avaliar as vantagens da sua utilização. Este trabalho de revisão pretende estudar algumas das situações correntes em U.C. I. onde a broncofibroscopia poderá ser útil. SUMMARY: Respiratory failure is a common problem in I.C.U., for which fiberoptic bronchoscopy is an important auxiliar diagnostic and therapeutic method. This is however an agressive method, so it is important to assess the advantage of its use. The purpose of this work is to study various current problems in I.C.U. where fiberoptic bronchoscopy may be useful. Palavras-chave: Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos, Broncofibroscopia, Key-words: Intensive Care Unit, Fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Cirugía neonatal maxilofacial: 10 años de experiencia (1994 a 2005 Maxillofacial neonatal surgery: ten years of experience (1994-2005

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Zoila del S. López Díaz

2007-09-01

Full Text Available El universo de estudio estuvo formado por todos los neonatos (21 niños atendidos en nuestro hospital en el período de 1994 a 2005. A todos les realizamos valoración de la patología bucomaxilofacial que presentaron al momento de nacer y que ponía en peligro su vida, y se aplicó tratamiento quirúrgico. Entre las causas que mayor número de veces motivaron necesidad de atención estuvieron la dificultad para la alimentación (85,8 % y la dificultad ventilatoria (61,9 %. En el 61,9 % de los casos se detectó la patología bucomaxilofacial en el examen físico neonatal. En los restantes neonatos fueron detectadas en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. El 80,5 % de los niños nacieron de embarazos a término y tuvieron buen peso al nacer (66,7 %. Predominó el sexo femenino, el color blanco de la piel y la procedencia familiar urbana. Las patologías más frecuentemente tratadas fueron las malformaciones vasculares (19,0 %, el síndrome de Pierre Robin (14,3 % y los tumores bucofaríngeos (14,3 %. Se presentaron complicaciones posoperatorias solo en los pacientes con síndrome de Pierre Robin (2 pacientes; 9,6 %. Fallecieron 5 (21,7 % del total niños estudiados, principalmente pacientes con trisomías, cuyos pesos al nacer estuvieron entre 1000 y 2500 g (80 % y bajo conteo de Apgar al minuto y a los 5 minutos de nacidos.The universe of study was composed of all the neonates (21 seen at our hospital from 1994 to 2005. The oral maxillofacial pathology that they presented at birth and endangered their lives was assessed to apply surgical treatment. Among the main causes requiring medical care were feeding difficulties (85,8 % and ventilatory difficulties (61,9 %. The physical neonatal exam also detected the oral maxillofacial pathology in 61,9 % of cases. The problems in the rest of neonates were detected in the Intensive Care Unit. Of the total number, 80,5 % of children were born from term pregnancy and 66,7 % were born with adequate weight

La definición de impacto social en las normas y guías oficiales que orientan la elaboración de los estudios de impacto ambiental en el Perú

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Cuya Matos, Oscar Alejandro

2011-01-01

El estudio revisó el concepto de ‘impacto social’ en las guías oficiales y normas peruanas que orientan la elaboración de los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental, así como, la conceptualización del término ‘impacto social’ entre los especialistas que elaboran los mencionados estudios. El alcance del estudio se remitió específicamente a los estudios de impacto ambiental de proyectos de inversión, que por definición contienen una evaluación del impacto social, y son de orden predict...

Costo-beneficio en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales The cost-benefit in a neonatal intensive care unit

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Rafael Amador Morán

2011-06-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. El Sistema Nacional de Salud de Cuba ha desarrollado un conjunto de reformas encaminadas a lograr una mayor eficiencia en la prestación de servicios, para preservar logros como la efectividad y la accesibilidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los costos en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal del Hospital Ginecoobstétrico de Guanabacoa en el período de un año. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo del período de enero a diciembre del 2009. La muestra quedo constituida por 65 recién nacidos graves y críticos. Las variables independientes estudiadas fueron: antibióticos, inmunomoduladores, fármacos vasoactivos, soluciones para hidratación, yodo, peróxido de hidrógeno, vitaminas y minerales, oxígeno, material desechable, material de oficina y medios diagnósticos. La información recogida se introdujo en una base de datos, y se procesó con el programa Epidat 3.0. RESULTADOS. Existió un costo total de 70 605,83 CU, que representó unos 2 824,23 CUC, con costo total por paciente de 74,32 CUC. El mayor gasto correspondió al uso de materiales desechables, las soluciones para hidratación y los antibióticos.INTRODUCTION. The Cuban National Health System has developed a series of reforms aimed to achieve a great efficiency in services provision to protect achievements as effectiveness and accessibility. The aim of present research was to identify the costs in the Neonatal Intensive Therapy Unit of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital of Guanabacoa municipality within one year. METHODS. A prospective and descriptive study was conducted from January to December, 2009. Sample included 65 severe and critically ill newborns. The independent study variables were: antibiotics, immunological therapy, vasoactive drugs, solutions for hydration, iodine, hydrogen peroxide, vitamins and minerals, oxygen, waste material, office stationery and diagnostic means. Information capture was entered

Imunidade passiva, ingestão de colostro e mortalidade em cabritos Moxotó criados em sistemas extensivo e intensivo Passive immunity, colostrum ingestion, and mortality of Moxotó kids raised under extensive and intensive breeding systems

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C.M. Soares

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Dosou-se a proteína sérica total para avaliar a aquisição de imunidade passiva em cabritos Moxotó. Para tal, formaram-se quatro grupos experimentais, sendo dois sistemas de criação, extensivo e intensivo, e dois manejos de colostro, ingestão natural e artificial. Tanto no sistema intensivo quanto no extensivo, os teores de proteína no soro foram significativamente mais altos nos animais com ingestão natural de colostro, 7,11±0,2g/dL, do que nos com ingestão artificial, 6,35±0,17g/dL. Independentemente da forma de ingestão de colostro, os cabritos do sistema intensivo tiveram teores de proteína sérica total, 7,21±0,19g/dL, mais elevados que os do sistema extensivo, 6,25±0,18g/dL, no entanto a imunidade passiva foi satisfatória nos dois grupos de animais. Ocorreu alta mortalidade de crias no sistema extensivo, 37%, devido ao complexo hipotermia/inanição em decorrência dos baixos níveis de colostro ingeridos. No sistema intensivo de criação não ocorreu mortalidade de cabritos. A produção de colostro das cabras criadas intensivamente, 163,5±14,71mL, foi mais alta que das cabras criadas extensivamente, 53,75±19,12mL. O peso total dos cabritos foi semelhante nos dois sistemas de criação, 2881±252,78g no sistema extensivo, e 2297±194,59g no sistema intensivo. Conclui-se que a ingestão de colostro nos dois sistemas de produção permitiu adequada aquisição de imunidade em cabritos, porém o sistema extensivo determinou severa deficiência nutricional nas mães, com baixa produção de colostro e graves perdas de neonatos.The acquisition of passive immunity in Moxotó kids was determined by dosages of total serum proteins. Four experimental groups were formed in two breeding systems - extensive and intensive - and two managements of colostrum intake - suckling from the mother or supplying in bottles. In both breeding systems, the serum protein levels were significantly higher in kids with natural ingestion of

Neonatal Death

Science.gov (United States)

... Home > Complications & Loss > Loss & grief > Neonatal death Neonatal death E-mail to a friend Please fill in ... cope with your baby’s death. What is neonatal death? Neonatal death is when a baby dies in ...

Compressibilidade de um solo sob sistemas de pastejo rotacionado intensivo irrigado e não irrigado Soil compressibility under non-irrigated and irrigated short duration grazing systems

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C. L. R. Lima

2004-12-01

Full Text Available O incremento da produtividade das pastagens tem sido associado ao comportamento à compressão dos solos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: quantificar as curvas de compressão e a pressão de preconsolidação em sistemas de pastejo intensivo rotacionado irrigado e não irrigado. Foram coletadas 96 amostras indeformadas de solo em quatro ciclos sucessivos de pastejo instalado com capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. em um Argissolo Vermelho. Após saturadas com água e equilibradas no potencial (psi: -10 kPa, as amostras foram pesadas e submetidas ao ensaio de compressão uniaxial com a aplicação sucessiva e contínua de pressões de 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1.000, 1.300 e 1.600 kPa. Os resultados comprovaram a hipótese de que houve diferença na compressibilidade do solo sob os sistemas de pastejo rotacionado intensivo irrigado e não irrigado. A maior compactação inicial verificada no sistema de pastejo rotacionado intensivo irrigado favoreceu o deslocamento das curvas de compressão uniaxial para valores superiores de densidade do solo. A pressão de preconsolidação foi significativamente superior no quarto ciclo de pastejo no sistema de pastejo rotacionado intensivo irrigado em relação ao sistema pastejo rotacionado intensivo não irrigado.Increment in pasture productivity has been associated with the understanding of the soil behavior under compression. The objective of this research was to quantify (a the compression curves and (b the preconsolidation pressure of the soils under non-irrigated and irrigated short duration grazing systems. Ninety-six undisturbed soil samples were taken from the four successive pasture cycles of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. in a Hapludalf. The samples were saturated in water and equilibrated at the matrix potential (psi: -10 kPa and then were weighed and submitted to an uniaxial compression test, applying the following pressures: 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,300, and

Costos secundarios por infecciones nosocomiales en dos unidades pediátricas de cuidados intensivos Secondary costs due to nosocomial infections in two pediatric intensive care units

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Susana Navarrete-Navarro

1999-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO. Estimar los costos asociados a infecciones nosocomiales en niños tratados en dos unidades de terapia intensiva. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio parcial de costos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN y en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UTIP de un hospital infantil de tercer nivel de atención médica. Se investigaron los costos de las pruebas diagnósticas y de los recursos terapéuticos empleados, así como el exceso de estancia hospitalaria debida a la presencia de una infección nosocomial. RESULTADOS. Se detectaron 102 infecciones, 46 en UCIN y 56 en UTIP, en el lapso de un año, tiempo que duró el estudio. El costo promedio por infección fue de 91 698 pesos y el gasto global fue de 9.3 millones de pesos. Neumonía, flebitis y septicemia abarcaron 65% de los costos. En los niños infectados se registró una estancia hospitalaria extra de 9.6 días, 13.7 exámenes de laboratorio y 3.3 cultivos en promedio, debido a la presencia de una infección intrahospitalaria. La estancia hospitalaria representó 97% del gasto total. CONCLUSIONES. Esta evaluación representa una estimación de costos directos de infección. Los resultados justifican el establecimiento de programas preventivos agresivos para reducir las complicaciones dentro de los hospitales.OBJECTIVES. We estimated associated costs to nosocomial infections in two pediatric intensive care units in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A transversal study in the neonatal (NICU and pediatric (PICU intensive care units, was done. We reviewed use and cost of diagnostic procedures, medications, and excess of hospital stay. RESULTS. There were 102 infections, 46 in the NICU and 56 in the PICU. The average cost per infection was $11,682 USD and the overall expense was 1,184.71 USD. Infected children had an excess of hospital stay of 9.6 days, 13.7 more laboratory tests and 3.3 more cultures. Hospital stay represented 97% of the overall cost

Análise de desempenho do Programa de Triagem Neonatal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, de 2005 a 2007 Performance analysis of the Rio de Janeiro State Neonatal Screening Program, 2005-2007

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Judy Botler

2011-12-01

Full Text Available As diretrizes enfatizam o momento adequado para a coleta do teste de triagem neonatal entre o 3º e o 7º dias de vida, em 100% dos recém-natos. O tratamento do hipotireoidismo congênito e da fenilcetonúria iniciado até 2 semanas de vida é capaz de evitar as sequelas neurológicas dessas doenças. O programa de triagem neonatal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro foi credenciado para Fase II do Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal com dois modelos de programa - modelo A e modelo B. Foi realizada análise de desempenho do PTN de 2005 a 2007. Entre 2002 e 2007, a cobertura foi crescente e chegou a 80,4%, com 33,8% das coletas realizadas até 7 dias. Ambos os modelos tiveram desempenhos semelhantes e aquém das metas preconizadas, com 50% dos casos confirmados obtendo diagnóstico com mais de 48 dias de vida. Os atrasos acumulados nas diversas etapas do processo podem anular os benefícios da detecção precoce, fundamento da triagem neonatal. Os efeitos deletérios de longo prazo transcendem a esfera individual acarretando impacto no sistema de saúde e grande ônus social.Guidelines emphasize that the appropriate time frame for neonatal screening with the heel stick test is from the 3rd to 7th day of life, in 100% of newborns. Treatment for congenital hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria, when initiated in the first two weeks of life, is capable of preventing the neurological sequelae of these diseases. The Rio de Janeiro State Neonatal Screening Program was accredited for Phase 2 of the National Neonatal Screening Program, with two program models (A and B. A performance analysis was conducted for the Neonatal Screening Program, for the years 2005 to 2007. Coverage increased from 2002 to 2007, reaching 80.4%, with 33.8% of the blood samples drawn in the first 7 days of life. The two models showed similar performance, short of the targets, with 50% of the confirmed cases receiving their diagnosis at more than 48 days of life. The delays accumulated in

Impacto ambiental de una mina de mercurio abandonada

OpenAIRE

Álvarez Cuartas, María

2016-01-01

El objetivo principal de este Trabajo Fin de Máster es la evaluación del impacto ambiental de una explotación minera de mercurio en estado de abandono y de posible contaminación del medio ambiente. Una vez que se comprueba el elevado impacto debido al estado de abandono y a la alta contaminación, se ha elaborado una sencilla propuesta de restauración, barajado y comprando tres posibles alternativas.

Neonatal Hyperglycemia due to Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in Puerto Rico

OpenAIRE

Fargas-Berríos, N.; García-Fragoso, L.; García-García, I.; Valcárcel, M.

2015-01-01

Neonatal hyperglycemia is a metabolic disorder found in the neonatal intensive care units. Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a very uncommon cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn, occurring in 1 in every 400,000 births. There are two subtypes of neonatal diabetes mellitus: permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM). We describe a term, small for gestational age, female neonate with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus who presented with poor ...

Causas de reintervenciones quirúrgicas por complicación postoperatoria en pacientes de una unidad de cuidados intensivos quirúrgicos sometidos a cirugía abdominal.

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Andrea Mendiola

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Describir las causas de las reintervenciones luego de una cirugía abdominal en pacientes de una unidad de cuidados intensivos quirúrgicos de un hospital general. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, tipo reporte de casos. Se incluyeron a los pacientes postoperados de cirugía abdominal, hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Quirúrgicos del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia y quienes requirieron de reintervención quirúrgica entre febrero de 2009 y enero de 2010 por una complicación postoperatoria. Resultados: El hallazgo más frecuente fue la perforación en 31,6%, seguido de absceso abdominal 21,1% y dehiscencias 21,1%. Conclusiones: Las perforaciones fueron los hallazgos más frecuentes, siendo su frecuencia mayor a lo reportado en la literatura. La incidencia de reintervención fue de 15%.

Displasia broncopulmonar: Práticas clínicas em cinco unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais

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H. Guimarães

2010-03-01

use should be improved in centers 4 and 5; fluid policy in center 4; oxygen therapy and sepsis prevention in centers 1 and 2. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA treatment should be improved in center 2. Conclusion: The implementation of potentially better practices to reduce lung injury in neonates in Portuguese NICUs, according to each NICU, must be addressed to increase the prescription of PNC, to use a lower FiO2, to be careful with fluid administration in the first weeks of life and to prevent PDA and sepsis. It is necessary to follow guidelines, recommendations or protocols to improve quality in the prevention of BPD.Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (2: 273-286 Palavras-chave: Displasia broncopulmonar, cuidados intensivos neonatais, recém-nascidos de pré-termo, boas práticas, ventilação mecânica, oxigénio, corticosteróides pré-natais, sépsis, canal arterial patente, Key-words: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neonatal intensive care, preterm infants, better practices, mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, prenatal corticosteroids, sepsis, patent ductus arteriosus

El impacto ambiental de campos de golf. Un caso real en Toledo

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Sobrini, I. M.

2001-12-01

, incluido en un ambicioso proyecto de investigación científico-médica sobre las posibilidades terapéuticas y de integración que ofrece el golf para discapacitados medulares, con un enfoque cultural adicional de integración de los conocimientos de las tres grandes religiones monoteístas que han cohabitado históricamente en Toledo. La metodología utilizada para realizar el estudio de impacto ambiental ha sido muy particular. extrapolable a casos similares, pero no generalizable. Se basó en la comparación . entre la futura actuación que allí se llevará a cabo y el uso agrario intensivo de regadío que disfruta la finca, así como el uso urbano al que se verá sometido en un plazo no muy lejano, por su imbricación en el núcleo de Toledo. La discusión entre los diferentes impactos ambientales previsibles, a través de matrices que enfrentan los diferentes elementos del medio con las acciones previstas en el proyecto, resultó favorable a la actuación, pues la actividad proyectada se presenta menos agresiva que la actual o que la futura sin el complejo, dado su uso actual intensivo de regadío agrícola. Una adecuada gestión del agua de riego permitirá reducir el consumo desde los 99 l/s que tiene concedidos la finca hasta los 54 l/s necesarios para el campo de golf; mejorando la calidad ambiental de este tramo del Tajo. El cultivo del tapiz vegetal será menos dañino que el cultivo de regadío, pues éste lleva parejo la utilización de gran cantidad de productos químicos. Un posterior mantenimiento ecológico del complejo ayudará a economizar costes y crear conciencia ambiental entre los usuarios. La situación prevista propiciará la integración de este tramo del Tajo en el futuro entramado urbano de Toledo creando una isla verde por el cierre oeste de la que se beneficiarán todos los ciudadanos. El cambio de usos propiciará una mejora sustancial en el medio ambiente de la ciudad de Toledo, así como en otros sectores que se verán afectados

Neonatal Hyperglycemia due to Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in Puerto Rico.

Science.gov (United States)

Fargas-Berríos, N; García-Fragoso, L; García-García, I; Valcárcel, M

2015-01-01

Neonatal hyperglycemia is a metabolic disorder found in the neonatal intensive care units. Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a very uncommon cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn, occurring in 1 in every 400,000 births. There are two subtypes of neonatal diabetes mellitus: permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM). We describe a term, small for gestational age, female neonate with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus who presented with poor feeding tolerance and vomiting associated with hyperglycemia (385 mg/dL), glycosuria, and metabolic acidosis within the first 12 hours of life. The neonate was treated with intravenous insulin, obtaining a slight control of hyperglycemia. An adequate glycemia was achieved at 5 weeks of life. The molecular studies showed complete loss of maternal methylation at the TND differentially methylated region on chromosome 6q24. The etiology of this neonate's hyperglycemia was a hypomethylation of the maternal TND locus. A rare cause of neonatal diabetes mellitus must be considered if a neonate presents refractory hyperglycemia. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Puerto Rico of transient neonatal mellitus due to the uncommon mechanism of maternal hypomethylation of the TND locus. Its prevalence in Puerto Rico is unknown.

Impacto dos polimorfismos genéticos SLCO1B1 sobre a hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal: revisão sistemática com metanálise

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Jiebo Liu

2013-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar se três variantes (388 G>A, 521 T>C, 463 C>A do membro 1B1 da família de transportadores de ânions orgânicos portadores de solutos (SLCO1B1 se associam à hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal. FONTE DE DADOS: Foi realizada busca na Infraestrutura do Conhecimento Nacional da China e em MEDLINE. A revisão sistemática com metanálise incluiu estudos genéticos que avaliaram a associação entre hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal e as variantes 388 G>A, 521 T>C, 463 C>A de SLCO1B1 entre janeiro de 1980 e dezembro de 2012. Foi realizada seleção e extração de dados por dois analistas, de forma independente. SUMÁRIO DOS ACHADOS: Foram incluídos dez artigos no estudo. Os resultados revelaram que SLCO1B1 388 G>A se associa a um aumento do risco de hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal (ORC mostrou baixo risco de hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal em recém-nascido chineses, e não foram encontradas associações importantes no Brasil nem em recém-nascidos caucasianos, asiáticos, tailandeses e malaios. Não houve diferenças significativas da SLCO1B1 463 C>A entre o grupo com hiperbilirrubinemia e o grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostrou que a mutação 388 G>A do gene SLCO1B1 é fator de risco para desenvolver hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal em recém-nascidos chineses, mas não em populações caucasianas, tailandesas, brasileiras ou malaias; a mutação SLCO1B1 521 T>C fornece proteção de hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal em recém-nascidos chineses, mas não nas populações caucasianas, tailandesas, brasileiras ou malaias.

Transient neonatal diabetes or neonatal hyperglycaemia: A case ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Transient neonatal diabetes and neonatal hyperglycaemia both present in the neonatal period with features of hyperglycaemia, dehydration and weight loss. Differentiating these conditions clinically is difficult. We describe the case of a 13 day old female whom we managed recently who could have had either condition.

Neonatal Hyperglycemia due to Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in Puerto Rico

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N. Fargas-Berríos

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Neonatal hyperglycemia is a metabolic disorder found in the neonatal intensive care units. Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM is a very uncommon cause of hyperglycemia in the newborn, occurring in 1 in every 400,000 births. There are two subtypes of neonatal diabetes mellitus: permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM. We describe a term, small for gestational age, female neonate with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus who presented with poor feeding tolerance and vomiting associated with hyperglycemia (385 mg/dL, glycosuria, and metabolic acidosis within the first 12 hours of life. The neonate was treated with intravenous insulin, obtaining a slight control of hyperglycemia. An adequate glycemia was achieved at 5 weeks of life. The molecular studies showed complete loss of maternal methylation at the TND differentially methylated region on chromosome 6q24. The etiology of this neonate’s hyperglycemia was a hypomethylation of the maternal TND locus. A rare cause of neonatal diabetes mellitus must be considered if a neonate presents refractory hyperglycemia. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Puerto Rico of transient neonatal mellitus due to the uncommon mechanism of maternal hypomethylation of the TND locus. Its prevalence in Puerto Rico is unknown.

Análisis del Impacto de un Acuerdo de Libre Comercio entre la UE-Mercosur sobre el Mercado de Trabajo de España, Argentina y Brasil

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Santos M. Ruesga

2003-05-01

Full Text Available El Mercosur se ha convertido, en los últimos años, en el socio comercial extra comunitario más dinámico de España, al tiempo que nuestro país es el principal inversor europeo en la zona y el segundo a nivel mundial, por detrás de Estados Unidos. Pero este acercamiento no es sólo exclusivo de España, sino que forma parte de una tendencia percibida también en la Unión Europea. Este hecho está promoviendo un mayor acercamiento institucional entre la Unión Europea y el Mercosur, con vías a la formación de una Zona de Libre Comercio, como se prevé en el acuerdo firmado entre ambos bloques en Madrid en 1995. La formación de dicha zona de libre comercio tendrá, sin duda, importantes efectos sobre los mercados de trabajo pues, como consecuencia de la mayor competencia promovida por el libre comercio, habrá sectores ganadores (es decir, que aumentarán el producto y el empleo y sectores perdedores (que disminuirán el producto y el empleo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cuantitativa y cualitativamente el impacto de un acuerdo de libre comercio entre la Unión Europea y el Mercosur sobre el empleo y las relaciones laborales de España, Argentina y Brasil, y proponer medidas de políticas que permitan mitigar dicho impacto. En términos sectoriales, se caracterizaría una relación comercial del tipo norte-sur, como han estudiado los modelos tradicionales de comercio internacional, es decir: los sectores más dinámicos para España en el comercio con los países del Mercosur serían los de mayor contenido tecnológico e intensivos en capital, mientras que para los países del Mercosur, los sectores más dinámicos serían los intensivos en trabajo y materias primas. En términos de empleo, los resultados también serían positivos, aumentando el empleo en todos los países estudiados. En términos sectoriales, los sectores con mayor incremento del empleo después de la firma del acuerdo de libre comercio serían los mismos que

Decúbito prono en pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo

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Mariano Setten

Full Text Available RESUMEN El síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo ocupa gran atención en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. A pesar del amplio conocimiento alcanzado sobre la fisiopatología de éste síndrome, el enfoque en la unidad de cuidados intensivos consiste, en gran parte, en un tratamiento de soporte vital y en evitar los efectos secundarios de las terapéuticas invasivas. Si bien, durante los últimos 20 años, se generaron grandes avances en ventilación mecánica con un impacto importante sobre la mortalidad, ésta continúa siendo elevada. Una característica de los pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo, sobre todo los más severos, es la presencia de hipoxemia refractaria debido a la existencia de shunt, pudiendo requerir tratamientos adicionales a la ventilación mecánica, entre ellos la ventilación mecánica en decúbito prono. Este método, recomendado para mejorar la oxigenación por primera vez en 1974, puede ser implementado fácilmente en cualquier unidad de cuidados intensivos con personal entrenado. El decúbito prono tiene un sustento bibliográfico sumamente robusto. Varios ensayos clínicos randomizados han demostrado el efecto del decúbito prono sobre la oxigenación en pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo medida a través de la relación PaO2/FiO2 e incluso su impacto en el aumento de la sobrevida de estos pacientes. Los integrantes del Comité de Kinesiología Intensivista de la Sociedad Argentina de Terapia Intensiva realizaron una revisión narrativa con el objetivo de exponer la evidencia disponible en relación a la implementación del decúbito prono, los cambios producidos en el sistema respiratorio por la aplicación de la maniobra y su impacto sobre la mortalidad. Por último, se sugerirán lineamientos para la toma de decisiones.

regional. Un análisis para las regiones europeas

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José A. Camacho

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Pese a encontrarnos inmersos en una economía globalizada, la innovación es en muchos aspectos un fenómeno esencialmente regional, donde los servicios (ignorados hasta ahora, y en particular aquellos denominados como servicios intensivos conocimiento (SIC, adquieren un papel central, gracias a su capacidad para transmitir conocimiento, en especial de tipo tácito. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una primera aproximación empírica a los efectos asociados a la localización de SIC, tomando 107 regiones europeas. Los resultados obtenidos apoyan la hipótesis de que los SIC ejercen un impacto positivo sobre el desempeño innovador regional, impacto que podría desbordarse hacia las regiones vecinas.

Complicaciones del trauma craneoencefálico severo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos

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Andrés Andrés Matos

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Introducción: el trauma craneoencefálico severo es responsable de serias complicaciones médicas que exacerban la lesión cerebral secundaria, y frecuentemente son la causa de muerte. Ojetivo: conocer las particularidades de las complicaciones médicas en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico severo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital pediátrico "Octavio de la Concepción y de la Pedraja" durante los años comprendidos entre 2007-2009. Métodos: estudio descriptivo en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico, durante el período comprendido entre los años 2007-2009, para analizar las complicaciones que influyeron en su evolución clínica. Resultados: la edad más representada fue la comprendida entre los 11-15 años (56,90 %; los pacientes incluidos en el grupo de 1-5 años resultaron más vulnerables a las complicaciones médicas. Las fracturas inestables (62,96 %, la rotura de vísceras macizas (51,85 % y la insuficiencia respiratoria (44,44 % fueron las manifestaciones clínicas más evidentes al momento del ingreso. En la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos las complicaciones médicas frecuentes resultaron ser los trastornos hidroelectrolíticos (94,28 % y la desnutrición (77,14 %. La hiperglicemia y el distrés respiratorio se relacionaron de manera significativa con la mortalidad. El 92,59 % de los fallecidos sumaron 3 puntos en la escala de Glasgow. La ventilación mecánica fue independiente de las complicaciones médicas. Conclusiones: los traumas de cráneo severos son la base para el desarrollo de varias y graves complicaciones que plantean muchos problemas en la práctica médica.

Impactos de las actividades antrópicas en el nevado Huaytapallana

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Jacinto Arroyo Aliaga

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Explicar la influencia de las actividades antrópicas en la variación de las capas de acumulación de nieve en los glaciares de la vertiente sur-occidental del nevado Huaytapallana de los Andes Centrales del Perú, en el ciclo hidrológico 2011-2012. Métodos: Se utilizó el método general hipotético – deductivo como guía en la investigación cuantitativa; el método del Thornthwaite para realizar el análisis hidrológico y clasificación climática de la zona; y el balance de masas como método para estimar la carga o descarga de nieve acumulado mediante balizas. Resultados: Se ha encontrado que las actividades antrópicas de turismo vivencial es una de las actividades principales que afectan al glaciar con el 60% de impacto. Las actividades de reforestación constituyen el 20% de impacto y el 10% la actividad de pastoreo. También los impactos de las actividades antrópicas a altitudes bajas en el glaciar son negativas, mientras que a altitudes superiores a los 5 000 msnm se registran menores impactos negativos. De igual manera se encontró una relación directa (coeficiente r= 0,97 entre el impacto a bajas altitudes de las masas glaciares. Conclusiones: La actividad de turismo vivencial que se realiza en varios sectores del nevado Huaytapallana, es una de las principales actividades antrópicas que está generando impactos negativos en el sistema glaciar al acelerar la pérdida de masa de nieve acumulado durante un ciclo hidrológico.

The neonatal brain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Flodmark, O.

1987-01-01

The clinical examination of the CNS in the neonate is often difficult in cases of complex pathology. Diagnostic imaging of the neonatal brain has become extremely useful and in the last decade has developed in two main directions: CT and US. MR imaging has been used recently with varying success in the diagnosis of pathology in the neonatal brain. Despite technical difficulties, this imaging method is likely to become increasingly important in the neonate. The paper examines the normal neonatal brain anatomy as seen with the different modalities, followed by pathologic conditions. Attention is directed to the common pathology, in asphyxiated newborns, the patholphysiology of intraventicular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia in the preterm neonate, and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the term neonate. Pitfalls, artifacts, and problems in image interpretation are illustrated. Finally, the subsequent appearance of neonatal pathology later in infancy and childhood is discussed

Descripción de los sistemas intensivos de engorda de corderos en Yucatán, México

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Germani Adrián Muñoz-Osorio

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue describir los sistemas intensivos de engorda de corderos en el Estado de Yucatán, México. El estudio se desarrolló de marzo a junio de 2013. Se aplicó una encuesta a productores o responsables de 34 granjas, seleccionadas por conveniencia. La información fue analizada a través de tablas de frecuencias, medidas de tendencia central y análisis de varianza obtenidos con el paquete estadístico STATGRAPHICS® Centurion XV. Los resultados mostraron que los sistemas intensivos de engorda de corderos se diferencian básicamente por dos tipos de alojamiento: a corrales a nivel del suelo (SICS y b corrales elevados con piso de rejilla (SICE. Los genotipos están formados por la cruza de razas Pelibuey, Dorper y Katahdin, principalmente (93.94 %. La alimentación se basa en la utilización de concentrados de marcas comerciales (47.06 %, elaborados en la granja (47.06 % y elaborados por proveedores informales (5.88 %. El manejo sanitario consiste en la vacunación (79.41 % y desparasitación de los animales (100 %. Se encontró, un mejor comportamiento productivo de los corderos de engorda en SICE comparado con aquellos de SICS. La venta de corderos en pie (91.18 % es la principal fuente de ingresos económicos, con un precio de $29.75/kg. La mayoría de los productores (67.65 % comercializan a sus animales en la unidad de producción. Es necesario hacer una evaluación prospectiva de los SICE y los SICS desde el punto de vista productivo y económico.

Neonatal hypertension.

Science.gov (United States)

Sharma, Deepak; Farahbakhsh, Nazanin; Shastri, Sweta; Sharma, Pradeep

2017-03-01

Neonatal hypertension (HT) is a frequently under reported condition and is seen uncommonly in the intensive care unit. Neonatal HT has defined arbitrarily as blood pressure more than 2 standard deviations above the base as per the age or defined as systolic BP more than 95% for infants of similar size, gestational age and postnatal age. It has been diagnosed long back but still is the least studied field in neonatology. There is still lack of universally accepted normotensive data for neonates as per gestational age, weight and post-natal age. Neonatal HT is an important morbidity that needs timely detection and appropriate management, as it can lead to devastating short-term effect on various organs and also poor long-term adverse outcomes. There is no consensus yet about the treatment guidelines and majority of treatment protocols are based on the expert opinion. Neonate with HT should be evaluated in detail starting from antenatal, perinatal, post-natal history, and drug intake by neonate and mother. This review article covers multiple aspects of neonatal hypertension like definition, normotensive data, various etiologies and methods of BP measurement, clinical features, diagnosis and management.

Etiologies of Prolonged Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Wards

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Mohammad Kazem Sabzehei

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Background: Jaundice is a common condition among neonates. Prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia occurs when jaundice persists beyond two weeks in term neonates and three weeks in preterm neonates. This study aimed to determine the etiologies of prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in infants admitted to the neonatal ward of Besat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Methods: This study was conducted on all infants diagnosed with prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia during 2007-2012 in the neonatal ward of Besat Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. Demographic characteristics of infants, physical examination and laboratory findings were collected and analyzed to determine the etiologies of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Results: In total, 100 infants diagnosed with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were enrolled in this study, including 49 male and 51 female neonates with mean age of 20±1 days and mean bilirubin level of 17.5±4.0 mg/dL. Main causes of hyperbilirubinemia were urinary tract infection, ABO incompatibility, hypothyroidism and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in 14%, 5%, 6% and 5% of neonates, respectively. Moreover, unknown etiologies, such as breastfeeding, were detected in 70% of the studied infants. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, determining the main causes of prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in neonates is of paramount importance. In the majority of cases, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is associated with physiological factors, such as breastfeeding.

Complicaciones de la Ventilación Mecánica. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos Holguín

OpenAIRE

Carlos Alberto Córdova-Vega; Hèctor Pupo-Rodríguez; Andrés Andrés-Matos

2013-01-01

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo en pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Pediátrico de Holguín y que necesitaron ventilación mecánica por un tiempo mayor a las 24 horas, durante el año 2010, con el objetivo de conocer las complicaciones relacionadas con este proceder. Dentro de los resultados encontramos que las afecciones neurológicas (35,29%), las respiratorias y las malformaciones congénitas (17,64%) fueron las principales causas que llevaron ...

Validade, confiabilidade e evitabilidade da causa básica dos óbitos neonatais ocorridos em unidade de cuidados intensivos da Rede Norte-Nordeste de Saúde Perinatal Validez, confiabilidad y evitabilidad de la causa básica de óbitos neonatales ocurridos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de la Red Norte-Nordeste de Salud Perinatal Validity and reliability of data and avoidability of the underlying cause of neonatal deaths in the intensive care unit of the North-Northeast Perinatal Care Network

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Isabel Marlúcia Lopes Moreira de Almeida

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Analisar a validade e confiabilidade da causa básica e a evitabilidade dos óbitos neonatais ocorridos em unidade de cuidados intensivos da Rede Norte-Nordeste de Saúde Perinatal (RENOSPE. A amostra foi de 53 óbitos neonatais contidos no banco de dados da RENOSPE e ocorridos em maternidade de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. A validade foi feita comparando-se as causas da Rede com as obtidas dos prontuários, sendo calculado kappa, sensibilidade e valor preditivo positivo (VPP. Na análise da evitabilidade, foi utilizada a Lista Brasileira de Causas de Mortes Evitáveis. Quando comparadas as causas de óbitos entre RENOSPE e prontuários, o kappa foi de 47,6% para causas maternas e 73,9% para malformações congênitas, sensibilidade de 95% e 83,3%, e VPP de 88,9% e 85,7%, respectivamente. O percentual de óbitos evitáveis na RENOSPE foi elevado, sendo por adequada atenção à mulher na gestação em 72% dos casos. As causas classificadas como malformações congênitas foram válidas, e os óbitos evitáveis apontam para necessidade do controle da gravidez.Analizar la validez y confiabilidad de la causa básica de los óbitos neonatales y su evitabilidad, ocurridos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de la Red Norte-Nordeste de Salud Perinatal (RENOSPE. La muestra fue de 53 óbitos neonatales, incluidos en el banco de datos de la RENOSPE y ocurridos en la maternidad de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. La validez fue realizada comparándose las causas de la red, con las obtenidas de los historiales médicos, calculándose kappa, sensibilidad y valor predictivo positivo (VPP. En el análisis de la evitabilidad, se utilizó la lista brasileña de causas de muertes evitables. Resultados: cuando se comparan las causas de óbitos entre RENOSPE y los historiales, el kappa fue de un 47,6% con respecto a causas maternas y un 73,9% para malformaciones congénitas, sensibilidad de un 95% y un 83,3%, y VPP de un 88,9% y un 85,7%, respectivamente. El porcentaje de

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of neonatal staff concerning neonatal pain management

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Sizakele L.T. Khoza

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Background: Neonatal pain management has received increasing attention over the past four decades. Research into the effects of neonatal pain emphasises the professional, ethical and moral obligations of staff to manage pain for positive patient outcomes. However, evaluation studies continuously report evidence of inadequate neonate pain management and a gap between theory and practice. Objective: This study reviewed current practice in neonatal pain management to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nurses and doctors regarding pain management for neonates in two academic hospitals. Method: A non-experimental, prospective quantitative survey, the modified Infant Pain Questionnaire, was used to collect data from 150 nurses and doctors working in the neonatal wards of two academic hospitals in central Gauteng. Results: The response rate was 35.33% (n = 53, most respondents being professional nurses (88.68%; n = 47 working in neonatal intensive care units (80.77%; n = 42; 24 (45.28% had less than 5 years’ and 29 respondents 6 or more years’ working experience in neonatal care. A review of pain management in the study setting indicated a preference for pharmacological interventions to relieve moderate to severe pain. An association (p < 0.05 was found between pain ratings on 5 procedures and frequency of administration of pharmacological pain management. Two-thirds of respondents (64% reported that there were no pain management guidelines in the neonatal wards in which they worked. Conclusion: The interventions to manage moderate neonatal pain are in line with international guidelines. However, neonatal pain management may not occur systematically based on prior assessment of neonatal pain, choice of most appropriate intervention and evaluation. This study recommends implementation of a guideline to standardise practice and ensure consistent and adequate pain management in neonates.

Impacto de la resiliencia en pacientes con Artritis Reumatoide

OpenAIRE

Beltrán García, Jonathan Camilo; Zapata Gómez, Elizabeth

2016-01-01

Introducción: La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad autoinmune-inflamatoria, que compromete las articulaciones diartrodiales. Tiene una importante repercusión sistémica que incluye la depresión; por lo tanto, tiene un severo impacto sobre la calidad de vida. Es posible que mecanismos de defensa, tales como la resiliencia, puedan amortiguar dicho impacto. Metodología: estudio de corte transversal, multicéntrico (análisis inicial dentro del grupo AR, con muestra no probabilística d...

Impacto ambiental de las incineradoras

OpenAIRE

Saiz de Omeñaca, José Antonio; Saiz de Omeñaca, Jesús

1996-01-01

The pollution caused by incineration plants may be considered quite substantial. It is important to know the risks in order to be able to reduce the impacts.

La contaminación causada por las incineradoras es, potencialmente, muy importante. Conocer los riesgos ayuda a tomar decisiones para minimizar los impactos.

Evaluación de impacto ambiental y concentración parcelaria

OpenAIRE

Alenza García, José Francisco

1999-01-01

El autor analiza los siguientes puntos: la concentración parcelaria y su impacto ambiental; el Decreto Foral 237/1999, de 21 de junio, por el que se regula la evaluación de impacto ambiental en los procesos de concentración parcelaria; la necesidad de una ley foral de protección ambiental.

CUIDADO E DIÁLOGO: AS INTERAÇÕES E A INTEGRALIDADE NO COTIDIANO DA ASSISTÊNCIA NEONATAL

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Patrícia Pinto Braga

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Estudio más detallado del cuidado diario del recién nacido de riesgo. Propone abarcar cómo interfiere el proceso de comunicación interpersonal en la práctica de la integralidad del cuidado al recién nacido internado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal. Se optó por el enfoque cualitativo, orientado por el marco teórico-metodológico de la dialéctica y como estrategia de aprehensión de la realidad en base a la observación participante y grupo focal con los profesionales. Estudio elaborado en una maternidad del municipio de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. El análisis de los datos revela que las relaciones de poder intrínsecas al cotidiano del cuidado dialógico deben verse como posibilidades de negociaciones permanentes y de cambios al actuar en la salud. La comunicación fue identificada como estrategia para el logro de acciones integrales. Por lo tanto, es evidente la necesidad de crear espacios para que ella ocurra, con miras a que el cuidado se centre en el recién nacido y su familia.

El Programa Intensivo Erasmus “Towards a Scientific Career: an Introductory Course for Research in Biomedicine and Biotechnology - BIOMED-TECH”

OpenAIRE

Llamas Company, Inmaculada; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología molecular, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid; Girón González, María Dolores; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Hernández-Mateo, Fernando; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada; Salto González, Rafael; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada

2013-01-01

Dentro del Programa Erasmus Intensivo, y con el objetivo de dirigir alumnos hacia una carrera profesional en el ámbito de la investigación en Biomedicina y Biotecnología aprovechando la fortaleza que aporta el Campus de Excelencia Internacional de la Universidad de Granada (CEI-BioTic) como Institución Coordinadora y las universidades de Nottingham (Reino Unido) y Bayreuth (Alemania) se ha organizado un Workshop destinado a 15 alumnos de másteres relacionados de una manera no excluyente con l...

Neonatal retinoblastoma

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Tero T Kivelä

2017-01-01

Full Text Available From 7% to 10% of all retinoblastomas and from 44% to 71% of familial retinoblastomas in developed countries are diagnosed in the neonatal period, usually through pre- or post-natal screening prompted by a positive family history and sometimes serendipitously during screening for retinopathy of prematurity or other reasons. In developing countries, neonatal diagnosis of retinoblastoma has been less common. Neonatal retinoblastoma generally develops from a germline mutation of RB1, the retinoblastoma gene, even when the family history is negative and is thus usually hereditary. At least one-half of infants with neonatal retinoblastoma have unilateral tumors when the diagnosis is made, typically the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification (Murphree Group B or higher, but most germline mutation carriers will progress to bilateral involvement, typically Group A in the fellow eye. Neonatal leukokoria usually leads to the diagnosis in children without a family history of retinoblastoma, and a Group C tumor or higher is typical in the more advanced involved eye. Almost all infants with neonatal retinoblastoma have at least one eye with a tumor in proximity to the foveola, but the macula of the fellow eye is frequently spared. Consequently, loss of reading vision from both eyes is exceptional. A primary ectopic intracranial neuroblastic tumor known as trilateral retinoblastoma is no more common after neonatal than other retinoblastoma. For many reasons, neonatal retinoblastoma may be a challenge to eradicate, and the early age at diagnosis and relatively small tumors do not guarantee the preservation of both eyes of every involved child. Oncology nurses can be instrumental in contributing to better outcomes by ensuring that hereditary retinoblastoma survivors receive genetic counseling, by referring families of survivors to early screening programs when they are planning for a baby, and by providing psychological and practical support

Medidas de experiencia e cienciometria para avaliar impacto da producao cientifica

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Marco Akerman

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Propõe-se a “experienciometria” como medida da experiência acadêmica de pesquisadores de modo a complementar a medida consagrada da cienciometria nas avaliações de competências em pesquisa. O artigo baseia-se em parte na produção cientifica do autor, utilizada sob uma perspectiva qualitativa para explorar possibilidades de análise de impactos. Ensaia-se uma síntese com possíveis implicações dessa análise, indicando algumas possibilidades para se avaliar impacto de pesquisas e artigos que não se restrinjam exclusivamente à contagem de números de citações dos autores para o cálculo do fator de impacto.

PRODUÇÃO DE PETRÓLEO E IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS: ALGUMAS CONSIDERAÇÕES

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Silas Sarkiz da Silva Martins

2015-12-01

Full Text Available O petróleo está a cada dia sendo mais explorado e tem sido um recurso energético gerador de divisas para a economia de países e nações, a exemplo do Brasil, mas, também, difusor de impactos ambientais negativos. As etapas que envolvem a produção de petróleo desde a perfuração de poços até o refino, direta ou indiretamente, têm causado alterações ao meio ambiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de compreender os principais impactos ambientais gerados pelas etapas de produção de petróleo, considerando estudos de impacto ambiental (EIAs e seus respectivos relatórios de impacto ambiental (RIMAs. A avaliação dos impactos ambientais se dá através do diagnóstico ambiental da área de influência do empreendimento, o qual é feito para se conhecer os componentes dos meios físico, biológico e socioeconômico da área e, posteriormente, avaliar os efeitos das atividades do empreendimento sobre os mesmos. Pela complexidade da composição química do petróleo, o risco quanto as suas atividades e seu manuseio é, na maioria dos casos, de grande potencial, pois pode haver acidentes, que, por sua vez, podem interferir negativamente no meio ambiente. Ao término do estudo, concluiu-se que a fase de produção de petróleo apresenta diversos aspectos ambientais, os quais geram impactos. Viu-se que os impactos não são apenas de caráter negativo. E, por fim, sugere-se a aplicação de medidas mitigadoras e de um sistema de gestão ambiental eficaz para a minimização e/ou eliminação de tais impactos.

Prácticas de destete ventilatorio en las unidades de cuidado intensivo de la ciudad de Cali

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Vilma Muñoz

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: El destete temprano de la ventilación mecánica es uno de los objetivos primordiales en el manejo del paciente crítico. Existen diversas técnicas y parámetros de medida para realizarlo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir las prácticas del destete ventilatorio en unidades de cuidado intensivo adulto en la ciudad de Cali. Métodos: Una encuesta de 32 preguntas; algunas de múltiple escogencia, que evaluaron las prácticas del destete, fue distribuida entre los fisioterapeutas y terapeutas respiratorios que trabajaban en unidades de cuidado intensivo, para ser respondida de forma anónima. Resultados: La estrategia más frecuente para el registro de parámetros fue la combinación de presión positiva continua con presión de soporte (78%, con gran variabilidad en los niveles de presión, siendo el rango más frecuente de 6 a 8cmH2O. Los parámetros de destete más registrados fueron: el volumen corriente (92,6%, la frecuencia respiratoria (93,3% y la saturación de oxígeno (90,4%. El tiempo de espera más frecuente para el registro de los parámetros fue >15 minutos (40%. Las medidas se realizaron preferentemente con el display del ventilador. Conclusion: Existe una gran variabilidad sobre los métodos y la medición de los parámetros de destete ventilatorio. El método más utilizado fue presión positiva continua en la vía aérea más presión de soporte y los parámetros de destete más usados fueron la medición del volumen corriente y la frecuencia respiratoria.

Prevenção e manejo não farmacológico da dor no recém-nascido

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Giordana de Cássia Pinheiro da Motta

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: apresentar os principais métodos não farmacológicos de alívio da dor no recém-nascido disponíveis para utilização na Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal. Método: pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo exploratória nas bases de dados online MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO, no período de 2004 a 2013. Resultados: uma variedade de intervenções não farmacológicas se mostra efetiva, apresentando baixo risco para os neonatos e baixo custo operacional, sendo as mais discutidas na literatura: uso de glicose/sacarose via oral, sucção não nutritiva, amamentação, contato pele a pele, contenção facilitada e enrolamento. Conclusão: é importante que a equipe de saúde conheça os métodos para melhor utilizá-los no dia a dia da Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal, garantindo um cuidado qualificado e humanizado ao recém-nascido.

Influência da Umidade na Resistência da Madeira de Eucalipto a Impactos

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Anderson Pertuzzatti

2017-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus cloeziana submetidas a diferentes condições de umidade a impactos. Para tanto, os corpos de prova foram distribuídos em três condições de umidade (seco, climatizado e saturado. Foram avaliadas as propriedade de resistência a impactos, massa específica e teor de umidade de equilíbrio. Os dados foram interpretados por meio de análise de variância fatorial. Dessa maneira, verificou-se que a madeira de E. cloeziana foi mais resistente a impactos na condição saturada em comparação com as amostras climatizada e seca. Já o E. grandis não apresentou diferença significativa entre as condições de umidade testadas. O E. cloeziana demonstrou maior capacidade de absorver impactos em relação ao E. grandis. Ambas as espécies foram classificadas como pouco resistentes a impactos. Portanto, não é recomendado a utilização das espécies estudadas em locais sujeitos a cargas de choque.

À procura de um encontro perdido: o papel da "preocupação médico-primária" em UTI neonatal

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Denise Streit Morsch

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir o conceito de "preocupação médico-primária" (Agman et. al. demonstrando sua função facilitadora das relações iniciais entre a mãe e o bebê internado. Parte do pressuposto de que este foco por parte da mãe sobre os parâmetros clínicos do recém-nascido é um rito de passagem que conduz à instalação da "preocupação materno-primária" (Winnicott. Para as autoras trata-se de um recurso estratégico que permite aos membros da díade mãe-bebê auxiliados por parceiros como o pai, os avós, o próprio bebê e a equipe de cuidados intensivos contornar as vicissitudes próprias a quem tem que se constituir como sujeito em meio a um ambiente potencialmente traumático como o de uma UTI neonatal.

La unidad de cuidado intensivo, un lugar para quedarse solo The Intensive Care Unit, a place to be alone

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Óscar Alberto Beltrán Salazar

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: describir el significado que tiene la experiencia de estar hospitalizado en una Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo. Metodología: estudio con enfoque fenomenológico, realizado en Medellín, Colombia, entre los meses de abril y octubre de 2006. Incluyó 9 personas adultas entre 24 y 80 años de edad que estuvieron críticamente enfermas y hospitalizadas. La entrevista en profundidad y la observación no participante fueron las técnicas de recolección de la información. Los datos se analizaron según el esquema propuesto por Cohen, Kahan y Steeves. Resultados y discusión: la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos es un lugar de soledad, frialdad, olores especiales y silencio, donde las palabras eran "ausentes", "no entendidos", "no deben oírse", "no pronunciadas" y "agradables". La comunicación no siempre era adecuada y la compañía la brindaban otras personas enfermas; además, los pacientes tenían un papel secundario frente a la tecnología y era necesario ser "buen paciente". Conclusión: la hospitalización en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos significa estar solo, aislado de la familia y rodeado de otros pacientes y del equipo de salud, cuya compañía, a veces, no es suficiente y en ocasiones contribuye al sufrimiento.Objective: to describe the patients meaning of the experience of being hospitalized in an ICU. Methodology: research study with phenomenological focus of nine mature people between 24 and 80 years of age who were critically sick and hospitalized in an ICU. The in- depth interview and non participant observation were the techniques for gathering information. The data were analyzed according to the outline proposed by Cohen, Kahan and Steeves. The study was carried out in Medellín, Colombia from April to October, 2006. Results and discussion: the ICU is a place for loneliness, cold, special odor and silence where words were "absent", "incomprehensible", "not for hearing", "not pronounced" and "agreeable". The communication was

IMPACTOS DE LAS CARRETERAS SOBRE LA FAUNA SILVESTRE Y SUS PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE MANEJO

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María del Pilar Arroyave

Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el impacto de los proyectos viales sobre la fauna silvestre y evaluar las medidas de manejo de estos efectos. Se revisó y analizó la información de diversos estudios realizados en el mundo, al igual que algunos estudios de impacto ambiental de carreteras que se han desarrollado en Antioquia. Se encontró que los principales impactos son el atropellamiento, el aislamiento de poblaciones y el cambio en los patrones reproductivos de la fauna; esto trae como consecuencia la disminución de las poblaciones de especies de fauna silvestre. También se plantean las estrategias comúnmente implementadas para el manejo de los impactos.

Monitorização do sistema nervoso autônomo em ambiente de cuidados intensivos como ferramenta de prognóstico. Revisão sistemática

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Luis Bento

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão sistemática do uso da monitorização do sistema nervoso autônomo como ferramenta de prognóstico, verificando a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca nas unidades de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Revisão de literatura publicada até julho de 2016 na PubMed/MEDLINE de estudos realizados em unidades de cuidados intensivos, sobre a monitorização do sistema nervoso autônomo, por meio da análise da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, como ferramenta de prognóstico - estudo da mortalidade. Foram utilizados os seguintes termos em inglês no campo de pesquisa: ("autonomic nervous system" OR "heart rate variability" AND ("intensive care" OR "critical care" OR "emergency care" OR "ICU" AND ("prognosis" OR "prognoses" OR "mortality". Resultados: A probabilidade de morte nos doentes aumentou com a diminuição da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca, estudada por meio da variância da frequência cardíaca, desacoplamento cardíaco, volatilidade da frequência cardíaca, integer heart rate variability, desvio padrão de todos os intervalos RR normais, raiz quadrada da média do quadrado das diferenças entre intervalos RR adjacentes, poder total, componente de baixa frequência, componente de muito baixa frequência, razão entre o componente de baixa frequência e o componente de alta frequência, razão entre expoentes fractais de curto e longo prazo, entropia de Shannon, entropia multiescalar e entropia aproximada. Conclusão: Nos doentes internados em unidades de cuidados intensivos, independentemente da patologia que motivou o internamento, a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca varia de forma inversa com a gravidade clínica e com o prognóstico.

Dificultades para ofrecer cuidados al final de la vida en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. La perspectiva de enfermería

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Juan Francisco Velarde-García; Raquel Luengo-González; Raquel González-Hervías; Sergio González-Cervantes; Beatriz Álvarez-Embarba; Domingo Palacios-Ceña

2017-01-01

Objetivo: Describir las dificultades percibidas por el personal de enfermería para prestar cuidados al final de la vida al paciente grave dentro de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Método: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico descriptivo. Se aplicó un muestreo por propósito y de bola de nieve. Las enfermeras debían tener una experiencia mínima de 1 año en UCI. Se incluyeron 22 participantes. Los datos se recopilaron mediante entrevistas en profundidad (no estructuradas y semiestructur...

¡Nuevos aportes! para estimar el valor del impacto ambiental a nivel de cuenca

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Nora Pouey M

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Hoy en día, en el que el mundo continuamente sufre transformaciones, el hombre se ha preocupado por conocer y hacer de su entorno ambiental un lugar vivible, pero al mismo tiempo, él mismo se ha encargado de mantenerlo y llevarlo a situaciones que generan un verdadero caos. Ese caos, conocido como impacto ambiental es necesario medirlo, para lo cual se ha empleado la metodologia de la Evaluación del Impacto Ambiental EIA, sin contar hasta hoy con un modelo sistematico para hacerlo cuantitativamente a nivel de una cuenca hidrografica, generando así un problema en terminos de la evaluación para la gestión ambiental. La aplicación del modelo desarrollado en este trabajo denominado IVAFIC, Responde al problema presentado, evaluando a través de un modelo matematico y con la ayuda de herramientas computacionales de programación estructurada y de sistemas de información geografica, el impacto ambiental en una cuenca de forma cuantitativa definido como factor de impacto F1 y factor de impacto corregido FIC.

Advancing Neurologic Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with a Neonatal Neurologist

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Mulkey, Sarah B.; Swearingen, Christopher J.

2014-01-01

Neonatal neurology is a growing sub-specialty area. Given the considerable amount of neurologic problems present in the neonatal intensive care unit, a neurologist with expertise in neonates is becoming more important. We sought to evaluate the change in neurologic care in the neonatal intensive care unit at our tertiary care hospital by having a dedicated neonatal neurologist. The period post-neonatal neurologist showed a greater number of neurology consultations (Pneurology encounters per patient (Pneurology became part of the multi-disciplinary team providing focused neurologic care to newborns. PMID:23271754

Disglucemia en el paciente crítico: evidencia actual y perspectivas futuras

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Ignacio Aramendi

Full Text Available RESUMEN La disglucemia en el paciente crítico (hiperglucemia, hipoglucemia, variabilidad de la glucemia y el tiempo en rango es un marcador de severidad de la enfermedad crítica asociada a mayor mortalidad. Sin embargo, dicho impacto parece atenuarse en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus, en particular en aquellos con mal control glucémico premórbido lo cual ha sido denominado "paradoja de la diabetes". Este fenómeno determina que en los nuevos protocolos de control de la glucemia deban ser contemplados los valores de hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c al ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos, siendo necesarios nuevos rangos de glucemia objetivos según los valores de la HbA1c. En tal sentido, la HbA1c surge como una herramienta sencilla que permite obtener información de utilidad terapéutica y valor pronóstico en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.

Neonatal hypocalcemia, neonatal seizures, and intellectual disability in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

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Cheung, Evelyn Ning Man; George, Susan R.; Andrade, Danielle M.; Chow, Eva W. C.; Silversides, Candice K.; Bassett, Anne S.

2015-01-01

Purpose Hypocalcemia is a common endocrinological condition in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Neonatal hypocalcemia may affect neurodevelopment. We hypothesized that neonatal hypocalcemia would be associated with rare, more severe forms of intellectual disability in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Methods We used a logistic regression model to investigate potential predictors of intellectual disability severity, including neonatal hypocalcemia, neonatal seizures, and complex congenital heart disease, e.g., interrupted aortic arch, in 149 adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Ten subjects had moderate-to-severe intellectual disability. Results The model was highly significant (P < 0.0001), showing neonatal seizures (P = 0.0018) and neonatal hypocalcemia (P = 0.047) to be significant predictors of a more severe level of intellectual disability. Neonatal seizures were significantly associated with neonatal hypocalcemia in the entire sample (P < 0.0001), regardless of intellectual level. There was no evidence for the association of moderate- to-severe intellectual disability with other factors such as major structural brain malformations in this sample. Conclusion The results suggest that neonatal seizures may increase the risk for more severe intellectual deficits in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, likely mediated by neonatal hypocalcemia. Neonatal hypocalcemia often remains unrecognized until the postseizure period, when damage to neurons may already have occurred. These findings support the importance of early recognition and treatment of neonatal hypocalcemia and potentially neonatal screening for 22q11.2 deletions. PMID:23765047

Necessidade de cuidados intensivos em maternidade pública terciária Necessity of intensive care in a tertiary public maternity hospital

OpenAIRE

Marcello Braga Viggiano; Mauricio Guilherme Campos Viggiano; Eduardo de Souza; Luiz Camano

2004-01-01

OBJETIVOS: avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos e os relacionados ao parto de gestantes e puérperas transferidas para unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI's) e a freqüência com que estas pacientes necessitam de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional e descritivo das transferências obstétricas para UTI's, entre janeiro de 1999 e dezembro de 2001. A análise incluiu as seguintes variáveis: idade materna, paridade, indicações obstétricas e não-obstétricas para as transferências, momento ...

Técnica de respiración Jacobson para reducir el estrés de enfermeras de unidades de cuidados intensivos

OpenAIRE

Téllez Sánchez, Anna María

2013-01-01

Problema del estudio: El sector de enfermería perteneciente a las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos presentan estrés, y se ofrece la Técnica de respiración Jacobson como herramienta para disminuir los niveles y los problemas derivados del estrés. Objetivo general: Evaluar la eficacia de la técnica de respiración Jacobson sobre el estrés en los profesionales de enfermería de UCI. Objetivos específicos: Diseñar un taller de respiración de la técnica Jacobson, para enfermería de UCI; comparar l...

O saber e a tecnologia: mitos de um centro de tratamento intensivo

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Bastos Marisa Antonini Ribeiro

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo etnográfico que teve como objetivo descrever a cultura dos enfermeiros de um centro de tratamento intensivo. Acreditando que o CTI é uma subcultura do hospital e que os enfermeiros intensivistas compartilham de símbolos e significados que foram desenvolvidos através das interações sociais no contexto da Terapia Intensiva, fui buscar no interacionismo simbólico e na descrição etnográfica a fundamentação teórico-metodológica para o presente estudo. Para compreender o processo de interiorização dos universos simbólicos no CTI, busquei descrever os sistemas temáticos de significados subjacentes às atividades dos enfermeiros intensivistas, através da observação participante, da entrevista etnográfica e da análise documental. Dentre os elementos culturais descritos, foi identificado o mito do saber e da tecnologia. Concluí que os mitos da tecnologia e do saber foram socialmente estabelecidos como estratégia de sobrevivência no cotidiano da terapia intensiva, repleto de riscos e incertezas.

O saber e a tecnologia: mitos de um centro de tratamento intensivo

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Marisa Antonini Ribeiro Bastos

Full Text Available O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo etnográfico que teve como objetivo descrever a cultura dos enfermeiros de um centro de tratamento intensivo. Acreditando que o CTI é uma subcultura do hospital e que os enfermeiros intensivistas compartilham de símbolos e significados que foram desenvolvidos através das interações sociais no contexto da Terapia Intensiva, fui buscar no interacionismo simbólico e na descrição etnográfica a fundamentação teórico-metodológica para o presente estudo. Para compreender o processo de interiorização dos universos simbólicos no CTI, busquei descrever os sistemas temáticos de significados subjacentes às atividades dos enfermeiros intensivistas, através da observação participante, da entrevista etnográfica e da análise documental. Dentre os elementos culturais descritos, foi identificado o mito do saber e da tecnologia. Concluí que os mitos da tecnologia e do saber foram socialmente estabelecidos como estratégia de sobrevivência no cotidiano da terapia intensiva, repleto de riscos e incertezas.

O ensino de cuidados críticos/intensivos na formação do enfermeiro: momento para reflexão La educación en cuidados críticos/intensivos en la formación de enfermeros: circunstancias para la reflexión Teaching critical/intensive care in nursing education: a moment of reflexion

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Margarete Marques Lino

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo re(pensar a disciplina de cuidados intensivos no currículo de graduação em enfermagem, pontuando aspectos relevantes de sua inserção, considerando a capacitação e a qualificação profissional, a necessidade do mercado de trabalho e uma formação reflexiva e crítica acerca das competências profissionais do enfermeiro, por meio de referencial teórico.Estudio que tuvo por objetivo repensar sobre la asignatura de cuidados intensivos en el programa de post-grado en enfermería, indicando aspectos relevantes sobre su introducción, considerando la capacitación y la calificación profesional, la necesidad del mercado de trabajo y la formación reflexiva y crítica sobre las competencias profesionales del enfermero, a través de su fundamento teórico.The aim of the present study was to rethink the Critical Care Course in the undergraduate nursing curriculum, analyzing relevant issues of its insertion, considering professional training and qualification, the demands of the job market and a critical reflection of the nurse's professional competences, according to a theoretical reference framework.

Evaluación de los impactos medioambientales de los proyectos de construcción

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Adnan Enshassi

2014-12-01

Full Text Available El sector de la construcción es considerado mundialmente como una de las principales fuentes de contaminación medioambiental, pues produce enormes efectos negativos en el medioambiente ya sea directa o indirectamente. La Franja de Gaza está experimentando un aumento de los proyectos de construcción, incrementando la presión sobre el ecosistema al introducir y generar diversos contaminantes. Los ecosistemas de la Franja de Gaza se están debilitando y deteriorando debido a sus limitados recursos naturales, a su deteriorada situación política y económica, al crecimiento de la población y a la escasa conciencia sobre el cuidado del medioambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo es mejorar la conciencia pública sobre los impactos ambientales negativos causados por las actividades derivadas de los proyectos de construcción en la Franja de Gaza y proponer algunas sugerencias con la finalidad de reducirlos. Para ello se distribuyó un total de 50 encuestas entre profesionales que trabajan en la industria de la construcción. Los impactos ambientales se clasificaron en tres categorías: ecosistemas, recursos naturales e impacto en la comunidad. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que la generación de polvo, contaminación acústica, operaciones con remoción de la vegetación y la contaminación atmosférica son los impactos ambientales más significativos de los proyectos de construcción. Los resultados, además, revelaron que tanto los trabajadores como quienes laboran en el sector de la construcción son quienes más se exponen diariamente a problemas de salud como afecciones respiratorias y al hígado, cáncer, deterioro de la audición, hipertensión, molestias, trastornos del sueño y problemas cardiovasculares. Además, se encontró que el impacto social o impacto en la comunidad era la categoría más importante que afectaba al entorno en la Franja de Gaza. Se recomienda mejorar los conocimientos y la conciencia de los trabajadores de

Failure to thrive among neonates, associated factors and early neonatal outcome

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thomas, Erica; Manji, Karim; Mpembeni Rose

2005-01-01

Failure to thrive or growth failure is an important feature of problems prevalent in the neonate. It remains one of the greatest challenges for the practicing pediatrician and it is a common pathway or outcome of several different underlaying infant and maternal conditions. To determine the prevalence, possible causes and early neonatal outcome of failure to thrive among young infants admitted to the Neonatal Unit in this hospital. A cross-sectional descriptive hospital based study, was carried for 10 months from April 2001 to January 2002 at the Neonatal Unit at Muhimbili National Hospital. (author)

Risk Factors for Neonatal Mortality Among Very Low Birth Weight Neonates

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Fatemeh Nayeri

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study is to determine risk factors causing increase in very low birth way (VLBW neonatal mortality. The medical files of all neonates weighing ≤1500 g, born in Vali-e-Asr hospital (2001-2004 were studied. Two groups of neonates (living and dead were compared up to the time of hospital discharge or death. A total of 317 neonates were enrolled. A meaningful relationship existed between occurrence of death and low gestational age (P=0.02, low birth weight, lower than 1000 g (P=0.001, Apgar score <6 at 5th minutes (P=0.001, resuscitation at birth (P=0.001, respiratory distress syndrome (P=0.001 need for mechanical ventilation (P=0.001, neurological complications (P=0.001 and intraventricular hemorrhage (P=0.001. Regression analysis indicated that each 250 g weight increase up to 1250 g had protective effect, and reduced mortality rate. The causes of death of those neonates weighting over 1250 g should be sought in factors other than weight. Survival rate was calculated to be 80.4% for neonates weighing more than 1000 g. The most important high risk factors affecting mortality of neonates are: low birth weight, need for resuscitation at birth, need for ventilator use and intraventricular hemorrhage.

cuidados intensivos neonatales

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Mónica C. Mercado U.

2005-01-01

Full Text Available La frecuencia de resistencias a diversas bacterias mediadas por beta lactamasas de espectro extendido, varía ampliamente entre países, hospitales, tipo de unidad y tipo de paciente. Como medida de control para brotes de KPN, se estudió la sustitución de cefalosporinas de tercera generación en una UCI de población adulta con antibióticos β-lactámicos/inhibidores de β-lactamasas, entre ellos piperacilina/tazobactam. Se ha demostrado que al eliminar la presión ejercida por cefalosporinas de tercera generación, en la resistencia bacteriana, se logra desplazar las cepas de KPN productoras de BLEE por bacterias no productoras de BLEE. Por medio de un estudio longitudinal, prospectivo, secuencial y autocontrolado en una UCI neonatal, sustituimos el uso de cefalosporinas de tercera generación, durante dos periodos de tiempo comparando las tasas de infección por KPN y los porcentajes de resistencia a ceftazidima. Encontramos una disminución de una tasa de incidencia de infección nosocomial por KPN de 6.4 a 2.9 x 100; χi 2 25.615 (p = 0.000 Asimismo, una reducción de la resistencia de KPN a ceftazidima 83.3 % durante el uso de cefalosporinas, a 6.3% al final del estudio; χi 2 33.961 (p= 0.000, I.C. 0.08 – 0.49 Aunque no se obtenga una disminución franca en la tasa de infección nosocomial, ya instalada la medida de sustitución de cefalosporinas, sí se pudo incidir en la disminución y control de las resistencias bacterianas. Por sí misma, esta medida favorece las estancias hospitalarias cortas, la posibilidad de una mejoría en los costos de antibióticos

Hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal agravada Aggravated neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

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Ana Campo González

2010-09-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN. La mayoría de las veces la ictericia en el recién nacido es un hecho fisiológico, causado por una hiperbilirrubinemia de predominio indirecto, secundario a inmadurez hepática e hiperproducción de bilirrubina. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el comportamiento de la hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal en el Hospital Docente Ginecoobstétrico de Guanabacoa en los años 2007 a 2009. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 173 recién nacidos que ingresaron al Departamento de Neonatología con diagnóstico de hiperbilirrubinemia agravada. RESULTADOS. La incidencia de hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal agravada fue del 3,67 % y predominó en hermanos con antecedentes de ictericia (56,65 %. El tiempo de aparición fue de 48 a 72 h (76,87 % y entre los factores agravantes se hallaron el nacimiento pretérmino y el bajo peso al nacer. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron tratados con luminoterapia (90,17 %. CONCLUSIÓN. La hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal agravada constituye un problema de salud. Los factores agravantes son la prematuridad y el bajo peso al nacer. La luminoterapia es una medida terapéutica eficaz para su tratamiento.INTRODUCTION. Most of times jaundice in newborn is a physiological fact due to hyperbilirubinemia of indirect predominance, secondary to liver immaturity and to bilirubin hyperproduction. The aim of present of present study was to determine the behavior of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Teaching Hospital of Guanabacoa municipality from 2007 to 2009. METHODS. A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted in 173 newborn patients admitted in the Neonatology Department diagnosed with severe hyperbilirubinemia. RESULTS. The incidence of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was of 3,67% with predominance in brothers with a history of jaundice (56,65%. The time of appearance was of 48 to 72 hrs (76,87% and among the aggravating factors were the preterm birth and

A Substituição da Contribuição Patronal para o Faturamento: Efeitos Macroeconômicos, sobre a Progressividade e Distribuição de Renda no Brasil

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Wilton Bernardino da Silva

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Na esfera Nacional, as Medidas Provisórias 563/2012, 582/2012, 601/2012 e 612/2013 propõem a substituição da alíquota previdenciária patronal do INSS por uma alíquota tributária de 1% ou 2% sobre o faturamento, esta alteração sendo feita em setores econômicos intensivos em trabalho. O presente estudo avalia impactos econômicos dessas mudanças sobre os agregados, setores e famílias na economia brasileira. Os resultados sugerem que os efeitos da substituição se devem exclusivamente à redução da carga tributária embutida na proposta, mas sem impacto relevante na redução das distorções do sistema tributário brasileiro.

El impacto del Impuesto al Valor Agregado sobre el gasto en Colombia

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Jorge Tovar

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo cuantifica el impacto del IVA sobre el gasto de los hogares utilizando la enorme variación relativa del IVA en Colombia como estrategia de identificación. Para tal efecto se correlaciona el IVA con el gasto de los hogares según se reporta en la Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH. La estimación se realiza para tres rubros de gasto presente en la ECH: alimentación, cultura y entretenimiento y celulares. Los resultados sugieren que un incremento del IVA tiene impactos positivos en el gasto de alimentos y celulares, y negativos en el de cultura y esparcimiento. Además, el ejercicio muestra que incrementar el IVA tiene un impacto diferencial, sobre hogares de distintas características demográficas y económicas.

Management of neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonates born to opioid maintained women.

Science.gov (United States)

Ebner, Nina; Rohrmeister, Klaudia; Winklbaur, Bernadette; Baewert, Andjela; Jagsch, Reinhold; Peternell, Alexandra; Thau, Kenneth; Fischer, Gabriele

2007-03-16

Neonates born to opioid-maintained mothers are at risk of developing neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), which often requires pharmacological treatment. This study examined the effect of opioid maintenance treatment on the incidence and timing of NAS, and compared two different NAS treatments (phenobarbital versus morphine hydrochloride). Fifty-three neonates born to opioid-maintained mothers were included in this study. The mothers received methadone (n=22), slow-release oral morphine (n=17) or buprenorphine (n=14) throughout pregnancy. Irrespective of maintenance treatment, all neonates showed APGAR scores comparable to infants of non-opioid dependent mothers. No difference was found between the three maintenance groups regarding neonatal weight, length or head circumference. Sixty percent (n=32) of neonates required treatment for NAS [68% in the methadone-maintained group (n=15), 82% in the morphine-maintained group (n=14), and 21% in the buprenorphine-maintained group (n=3)]. The mean duration from birth to requirement of NAS treatment was 33 h for the morphine-maintained group, 34 h for the buprenorphine-maintained group and 58 h for the methadone-maintained group. In neonates requiring NAS treatment, those receiving morphine required a significantly shorter mean duration of treatment (9.9 days) versus those treated with phenobarbital (17.7 days). Results suggest that morphine hydrochloride is preferable for neonates suffering NAS due to opioid withdrawal.

El sistema cerrado en la prevención de las infecciones del torrente sanguíneo

OpenAIRE

Álvarez, Carlos; Beer, Idal; Cifuentes, Luis Fernando

2011-01-01

Los pacientes hospitalizados están en continuo riesgo de infecciones del torrente sanguíneo (ITS), especialmente en las unidades de cuidado intensivo (UCI). Las ITS constituyen 14% de las infecciones nosocomiales (IN) y representan casi un tercio de las muertes asociadas con IN. Es así que se han establecido pautas de prevención y protocolos de manejo para reducir el impacto de las ITS asociadas a catéteres (CR). Entre ellas están las diferencias entre contenedores de infusión intravenosa (IV...

O Papel da Economia Ecológica nas Políticas Públicas da América Latina : Consenso Latino-Americano da Reunião da ISEE em Washington

OpenAIRE

Weiss, Joseph Samson

2017-01-01

Depois de dois anos de conversas, as sociedades regionais indicadas, autores institucionais, chegaram a este consenso sobre o papel da economia ecológica na política pública da América Latina, abrangendo os dez temas seguintes: Indicadores de bem-estar apropriados à sustentabilidade socioambiental; Desvinculação do crescimento econômico do uso intensivo de energia e de materiais, assim como da degradação ambiental (decoupling em inglês); Inovação tecnológica com redução de impactos ambientais...

Tratamiento de aguas residuales del efluente una fábrica de alimento balanceado para camarones, mediante el diseño de procesos unitaríos

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Prado Garces, Carlos; Orozco Patiño, Kleber; Guallpa Yambay, Giovanni; Landivar Zambrano, Jose Jerry

2009-01-01

La contaminación es la antesala a la polución de los ecosistemas, por lo tanto para que exista un desarrollo sustentable de la industria, es necesario tomar medidas de prevención para disminuir su impacto. La industria camaronera está encaminada por la corriente de cultivos semi-intensivos, esto ha logrado que el alimento suplementario pase a ser un renglón importe en esta actividad. Como consecuencia de esto se estima que las plantas de balanceados estarían fabricando el casi doble de la...

Prevalence and characterization of neonatal skin disorders in the first 72 h of life

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Flávia Pereira Reginatto

2017-05-01

sazonalidade. Métodos: Recém-nascidos de três maternidades de uma capital brasileira foram selecionados aleatoriamente para serem submetidos ao exame dermatológico realizado por dermatologistas. Resultados: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 2839 neonatos com até 72 horas de vida, 309 foram excluídos por terem sido admitidos em Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Dos 2530 neonatos examinados 49,6% eram da raça branca e 50,5% do sexo masculino. Foi observado algum achado dermatológico em 95,8% dos recém-nascidos; destes, 88,6% tinham lesões cutâneas transitórias neonatal, 42,6% marca de nascimento, 26,8% tinham pustulose benigna neonatal, 2% lesões secundárias ao trauma, 0,5% malformação cutânea e 0,1% doença infecciosa. O achado dermatológico mais frequente foi o lanugo, que foi observado em 38,9% dos neonatos, seguido pela hiperplasia de glândulas sebáceas (35%, melanocitose dérmica (24,6%, descamação da pele (23,3%, eritema tóxico neonatal (23%, mancha salmão (20,4%, eritema da pele (19%, hiperpigmentação da genitália (18,4%, edema palpebral (17,4%, cistos de mília (17,3%, hipertrofia da genitália (12% e xerose cutânea (10,9%. Conclusões: Os achados dermatológicos são frequentemente identificados nos primeiros dias de vida e muitos deles caracterizam a pele do recém-nascido. Os neonatos pardos e aqueles cujas mães apresentavam algum fator de risco gestacional tiveram mais achados dermatológicos. A idade gestacional, a etnia do neonato, o gênero, o índice de Apgar, o tipo de parto e a sazonalidade influenciaram na presença de manifestações cutâneas específicas. Keywords: Newborn, Neonatology, Child health services, Child health, Infant care, Skin manifestations, Palavras-chave: Recém-nascido, Neonatologia, Serviços de saúde da criança, Saúde da criança, Cuidado do lactente, Manifestações cutâneas

Resistencia a antimicrobianos y evaluación del tratamiento combinado en la septicemia neonatal

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María Espino Hernández

2003-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Estudiar la resistencia a los antibióticos de las cepas bacterianas aisladas de pacientes con septicemia neonatal en un hospital ginecobstétrico de La Habana, Cuba, en el período comprendido entre enero de 1994 y diciembre de 1998, y evaluar el valor predictivo del método del "tablero de damas" (checkerboard para seleccionar el tratamiento con combinaciones de antibióticos en pacientes graves. MÉTODOS: Se estudió a 229 neonatos, a quienes se les extrajo sangre para hemocultivo y estudios de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos. El estudio de la susceptibilidad de las cepas se realizó por el método de microdilución en caldo y se utilizó el tablero de damas en bandejas de caldo para evaluar la eficacia del tratamiento antimicrobiano combinado. RESULTADOS: Cincuenta por ciento de las cepas aisladas de Staphylococcus spp. coagulasa-negativas y 37% de las cepas de S. aureus, principales agentes causales de sepsis neonatal, fueron resistentes a la meticilina. De ellas, 94,5% resultaron resistentes a varios antibióticos. Cuatro cepas de Staphylococcus spp. coagulasa-negativas y una de Enterococcus faecium fueron resistentes a la vancomicina (concentración mínima inhibidora = 128 myg/mL. Se observó una alta probabilidad de eficacia clínica (P < 0,01 con combinaciones de antibióticos que mostraron un efecto sinérgico in vitro, mientras que las reacciones antagónicas se correspondieron con la probabilidad altamente significativa de fracaso terapéutico clínico. DISCUSIÓN: La principal causa de septicemia neonatal en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital "América Arias" en La Habana, Cuba, está constituida por las cepas de estafilococo resistentes a la meticilina y a otros antibióticos. En pacientes graves (atendiendo a lo establecido en el programa de política de este centro, la primera línea de tratamiento la constituye la combinación de un antibiótico aminoglucósido con un betalactámico. Este estudio demostr

Neonatal pain

Science.gov (United States)

Walker, Suellen M

2014-01-01

Effective management of procedural and postoperative pain in neonates is required to minimize acute physiological and behavioral distress and may also improve acute and long-term outcomes. Painful stimuli activate nociceptive pathways, from the periphery to the cortex, in neonates and behavioral responses form the basis for validated pain assessment tools. However, there is an increasing awareness of the need to not only reduce acute behavioral responses to pain in neonates, but also to protect the developing nervous system from persistent sensitization of pain pathways and potential damaging effects of altered neural activity on central nervous system development. Analgesic requirements are influenced by age-related changes in both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response, and increasing data are available to guide safe and effective dosing with opioids and paracetamol. Regional analgesic techniques provide effective perioperative analgesia, but higher complication rates in neonates emphasize the importance of monitoring and choice of the most appropriate drug and dose. There have been significant improvements in the understanding and management of neonatal pain, but additional research evidence will further reduce the need to extrapolate data from older age groups. Translation into improved clinical care will continue to depend on an integrated approach to implementation that encompasses assessment and titration against individual response, education and training, and audit and feedback. PMID:24330444

Fatores associados à hipotermia durante o transporte intra-hospitalar em pacientes internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal Pequeño para la edad gestacional: repercusión en las habilidades motoras finas Factors associated with hypothermia during intra-hospital transport in patients assisted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

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Anna Luiza P. Vieira

2011-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar a frequência e os fatores associados à ocorrência de hipotermia em transportes intra-hospitalares de pacientes internados em uma unidade neonatal de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal aninhado em uma coorte prospectiva de crianças submetidas a transportes intra-hospitalares realizados por uma equipe treinada de janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 2008 na unidade de cuidados intensivos de um hospital público universitário. Foram excluídos os transportes de pacientes com mais de um ano e/ou com peso na data do transporte superior a 10kg. Os fatores associados à hipotermia durante o transporte foram estudados por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Dos 1.197 transportes realizados no período do estudo, 1.191 (99,5% atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. As doenças de base das 640 crianças estudadas (idade gestacional: 35,0±3,8 semanas; peso ao nascer: 2341±888g foram: malformações únicas ou múltiplas (71,0%, infecções (7,7%, hemorragia peri/intraventricular (5,5%, desconforto respiratório (4,0% e outros (11,8%. Os pacientes foram transportados para realização de cirurgias (22,6%, ressonância magnética (10,6%, tomografia (20,9%, exames contrastados (18,2% e outros procedimentos (27,7%. A hipotermia ocorreu em 182 (15,3% transportes e se associou ao (OR; IC95%: peso ao transporte OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia y los factores asociados a la ocurrencia de hipotermia en transportes intrahospitalarios de pacientes internados en una unidad neonatal de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODO: Estudio transversal anidado en una cohorte prospectiva de niños sometidos a transportes intrahospitalarios realizados por un equipo entrenado de ene/1997 a dic/2008 en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital público universitario. Se excluyeron los transportes de pacientes con más de un año de edad y con peso en la fecha del transporte superior a 10kg. Los factores asociados a la hipotermia durante el

Maternal or neonatal infection: association with neonatal encephalopathy outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Jenster, Meike; Bonifacio, Sonia L; Ruel, Theodore; Rogers, Elizabeth E; Tam, Emily W; Partridge, John Colin; Barkovich, Anthony James; Ferriero, Donna M; Glass, Hannah C

2014-07-01

Perinatal infection may potentiate brain injury among children born preterm. The objective of this study was to examine whether maternal and/or neonatal infection are associated with adverse outcomes among term neonates with encephalopathy. This study is a cohort study of 258 term newborns with encephalopathy whose clinical records were examined for signs of maternal infection (chorioamnionitis) and infant infection (sepsis). Multivariate regression was used to assess associations between infection, pattern, and severity of injury on neonatal magnetic resonance imaging, as well as neurodevelopment at 30 mo (neuromotor examination, or Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second edition mental development index encephalopathy, chorioamnionitis was associated with a lower risk of brain injury and adverse outcomes, whereas signs of neonatal sepsis carried an elevated risk. The etiology of encephalopathy and timing of infection and its associated inflammatory response may influence whether infection potentiates or mitigates injury in term newborns.

Tuberculosis neonatal

OpenAIRE

Pastor Durán, Xavier

1986-01-01

PROTOCOLOS TERAPEUTICOS. TUBERCULOSIS NEONATAL 1. CONCEPTO La tuberculosis neonatal es la infección del recién nacido producida por el bacilo de Koch. Es una situación rara pero grave que requiere un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento enérgico..

El neurodesarrollo a los dos años de vida de neonatos tratados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales Neurological development at age two of children who had been treated in a neonatal intensive care unit

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Luis Alberto Fernández Carrocera

1999-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar de forma prospectiva, a los 2 años de vida, el desarrollo de un grupo de neonatos tratados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología de México. Se estudió desde el punto de vista neurológico, psicológico, auditivo, lingüístico, motor y neuromuscular a todos los neonatos nacidos entre el 1 de enero de 1992 y el 31 de diciembre de 1993 que hubieran ingresado a la UCIN y permanecido en ella 3 días o más. Se incluyó a 134 pacientes con una edad gestacional promedio de 32 semanas y un peso promedio al nacer de 1 677 g. De ellos, 75% habían sido sometidos a ventilación mecánica, con una estancia hospitalaria promedio de 51 días. En el examen efectuado a los 2 años, 66,5% de los niños fueron normales y 8,2% tuvieron alteraciones graves. Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el estado neurológico y los días de ventilación artificial (P The principal objective of this study was to evaluate, at 2 years of age, the neurological development of a group of children who had been treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU of the National Institute of Perinatology of Mexico. All the children born between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 1993 who had entered the NICU and stayed for 3 or more days were studied from the neurological, psychological, auditory, linguistic, motor, and neuromuscular standpoint. This group included 134 patients, who had had an average gestational age of 32 weeks and an average birthweight of 1 677 g. They had stayed in the hospital an average of 51 days, and 75% of them had undergone artificial respiration. In the examination done at age 2, 66.5% of the children were normal and 8.2% had serious impairments. There were statistically significant associations between their neurological condition and the days of artificial respiration (P < 0.0001, the days spent in the NICU (P < 0.000004, and the

Acompanhamento da icterícia neonatal em recém-nascidos de termo e prematuros tardios Follow-up of neonatal jaundice in term and late premature newborns

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Fernando Perazzini Facchini

2007-08-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Relatar os resultados de um projeto de acompanhamento de recém-nascidos de termo e próximos ao termo ictéricos no período neonatal. MÉTODOS: Foram encaminhados a ambulatório especializado neonatos com peso > 2.000 g e/ou idade gestacional > 35 semanas, cuja icterícia na alta foi avaliada inicialmente com o icterômetro de Ingram, Bilicheck® e, se indicado, com bilirrubinômetro Unistat (Leica. A bilirrubinemia destes recém-nascidos situava-se no ou acima do percentil 40 do nomograma elaborado por Bhutani. Todos recém-nascidos tratados com fototerapia durante internação foram reavaliados laboratorialmente 24 horas após suspensão do tratamento. A indicação de reinternação para tratamento fototerápico intensivo foi para paciente com nível > 20 mg/dL. RESULTADOS: De um total de 11.259 neonatos, 2.452 (21,8% foram encaminhados para acompanhamento, dos quais 87,2% (2.140 retornaram. Oitenta neonatos retornados foram reinternados. Dos 2.452 encaminhados para retorno, 180 (7,3% tinham bilirrubinemia > 15 mg/dL na alta. Destes, 151 retornaram para acompanhamento. Vinte (13,2% foram reinternados para tratamento. Do total de reinternados, dois recém-nascidos apresentaram nível > 25 mg/dL e nenhum > 30 mg/dL. Todos responderam rapidamente à fototerapia intensiva, e não houve necessidade de utilizar exsangüinotransfusões. CONCLUSÕES: Nossos resultados sugerem que o esquema adotado é eficiente na detecção e prevenção de hiperbilirrubinemias de risco para produzir encefalopatia bilirrubínica em recém-nascidos de termo e próximos ao termo.OBJECTIVE: To report on the results of a project following term and near term newborn infants who were jaundiced during the neonatal period. METHODS: Neonates were referred to the follow-up clinic with weight > 2,000 g and/or gestational age > 35 weeks, and jaundice at discharge was initially assessed with an Ingram icterometer or Bilicheck and, if indicated, with a Unistat

Valoración del impacto ambiental de la actividad minera artesanal en la mina Rinconada - Puno

OpenAIRE

Aquino Pacheco, Ariel Pepe

2008-01-01

La sustentabilidad ambiental, como elemento fundamental del desarrollo económico y social, en escenarios cada vez más descentralizados y competitivos, tiene entre otros desafíos; el diagnóstico, identificar los impactos ambientales y valorar cualitativa-cuantitativamente los impactos ambientales dentro del complejo ambiente minero de la Rinconada-Puno. El presente informe de investigación: VALORACIÓN DEL IMPACTO. AMBIENTAL DE LA ACTIVIDAD MINERA ARTESANAL EN LA MINA RINCONADA-PUNO, trata de r...

Neonatal doses from X ray examinations by birth weight in a neonatal intensive care unit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ono, K.; Akahane, K.; Aota, T.; Hada, M.; Takano, Y.; Kai, M.; Kusama, T

2003-07-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of X ray examinations performed on neonates classified according to their birth weight in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In this study, the radiology records of 2408 neonates who were admitted to the NICU of Oita Prefectural Hospital between January 1994 and September 1999 were investigated. This study revealed that the neonates with earlier gestational ages and lower birth weights required longer NICU stays and more frequent X ray examinations made using a mobile X ray unit. The average number of X ray examinations performed on neonates of less than 750 g birth weight was 26 films per neonate. In regard to computed tomography and fluoroscopy, no significant relationship was found between the birth weight and number of X rays. This study revealed that the entrance-surface dose per neonate was dependent upon the birth weight, while the maximum dose was not dependent upon the birth weight. The average neonatal dose in the NICU was predominantly from computed tomography and fluoroscopy. The individual dose varied widely among neonates. (author)

Neonatal doses from X ray examinations by birth weight in a neonatal intensive care unit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ono, K.; Akahane, K.; Aota, T.; Hada, M.; Takano, Y.; Kai, M.; Kusama, T.

2003-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of X ray examinations performed on neonates classified according to their birth weight in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In this study, the radiology records of 2408 neonates who were admitted to the NICU of Oita Prefectural Hospital between January 1994 and September 1999 were investigated. This study revealed that the neonates with earlier gestational ages and lower birth weights required longer NICU stays and more frequent X ray examinations made using a mobile X ray unit. The average number of X ray examinations performed on neonates of less than 750 g birth weight was 26 films per neonate. In regard to computed tomography and fluoroscopy, no significant relationship was found between the birth weight and number of X rays. This study revealed that the entrance-surface dose per neonate was dependent upon the birth weight, while the maximum dose was not dependent upon the birth weight. The average neonatal dose in the NICU was predominantly from computed tomography and fluoroscopy. The individual dose varied widely among neonates. (author)

Neonatal neurosonography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Riccabona, Michael, E-mail: michael.riccabona@klinikum-graz.at

2014-09-15

Paediatric and particularly neonatal neurosonography still remains a mainstay of imaging the neonatal brain. It can be performed at the bedside without any need for sedation or specific monitoring. There are a number of neurologic conditions that significantly influence morbidity and mortality in neonates and infants related to the brain and the spinal cord; most of them can be addressed by ultrasonography (US). However, with the introduction of first CT and then MRI, neonatal neurosonography is increasingly considered just a basic first line technique that offers only orienting information and does not deliver much relevant information. This is partially caused by inferior US performance – either by restricted availability of modern equipment or by lack of specialized expertise in performing and reading neurosonographic scans. This essay tries to highlight the value and potential of US in the neonatal brain and briefly touching also on the spinal cord imaging. The common pathologies and their US appearance as well as typical indication and applications of neurosonography are listed. The review aims at encouraging paediatric radiologists to reorient there imaging algorithms and skills towards the potential of modern neurosonography, particularly in the view of efficacy, considering growing economic pressure, and the low invasiveness as well as the good availability of US that can easily be repeated any time at the bedside.

Comentarios a la nueva Ley Nº 14.867 que regula el engorde intensivo a corral de bovinos y bubalinos en la provincia de Buenos Aires

OpenAIRE

Noseda, Paula

2017-01-01

A fines de enero de este año 2017, entró en vigencia la Ley N° 14.867 que regula la actividad de engorde intensivo a corral de bovinos y bubalinos en la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Con este comentario se pretende evaluar las ventajas y desventajas de contar con éste nuevo régimen, considerando la normativa agroambiental marco, la posición de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia bonaerense vigente en la materia.

Socioeconomic factors and adolescent pregnancy outcomes: distinctions between neonatal and post-neonatal deaths?

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Flick Louise H

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Young maternal age has long been associated with higher infant mortality rates, but the role of socioeconomic factors in this association has been controversial. We sought to investigate the relationships between infant mortality (distinguishing neonatal from post-neonatal deaths, socioeconomic status and maternal age in a large, retrospective cohort study. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked birth-death certificate data for Missouri residents during 1997–1999. Infant mortality rates for all singleton births to adolescent women (12–17 years, n = 10,131; 18–19 years, n = 18,954 were compared to those for older women (20–35 years, n = 28,899. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI for all potential associations. Results The risk of infant (OR 1.95, CI 1.54–2.48, neonatal (1.69, 1.24–2.31 and post-neonatal mortality (2.47, 1.70–3.59 were significantly higher for younger adolescent (12–17 years than older (20–34 years mothers. After adjusting for race, marital status, age-appropriate education level, parity, smoking status, prenatal care utilization, and poverty status (indicated by participation in WIC, food stamps or Medicaid, the risk of post-neonatal mortality (1.73, 1.14–2.64 but not neonatal mortality (1.43, 0.98–2.08 remained significant for younger adolescent mothers. There were no differences in neonatal or post-neonatal mortality risks for older adolescent (18–19 years mothers. Conclusion Socioeconomic factors may largely explain the increased neonatal mortality risk among younger adolescent mothers but not the increase in post-neonatal mortality risk.

Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage presenting as late onset neonatal jaundice

OpenAIRE

Qureshi, Umar Amin; Ahmad, Nisar; Rasool, Akhter; Choh, Suhail

2009-01-01

Clinical manifestations of adrenal hemorrhage vary depending on the degree and rate of hemorrhage, as well as the amount of adrenal cortex compromised by hemorrhage. We report here a case of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage that presented with late onset neonatal jaundice. The cause of adrenal hemorrhage was birth asphyxia.

Sepsis neonatal cervicomaxilofacial (1996 a 2005 Neonatal cervicomaxillofacial sepsis (1996-2005

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Zoila del S. López Díaz

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo y longitudinal de la sepsis cervicomaxilofacial en los neonatos ingresados en nuestra unidad de cuidados intensivos en un período de 10 años. Encontramos una incidencia promedio de 1,20 por cada 100 ingresos, y el predominio del grupo de edades entre 7 y 27 días de vida (sepsis tardía, del sexo femenino y del color blanco de la piel. La celulitis facial fue ocasionada por trauma obstétrico y fue el diagnóstico más frecuente. No encontramos relación entre la presencia de sepsis y la edad gestacional, el conteo de Apgar o el peso al nacer, pues en el mayor número de niños estos resultados estuvieron dentro de límites normales. El tratamiento más utilizado fue la antibioticoterapia con asociación de 2 o más antibióticos, y entre estas la más socorrida fue la asociación de penicilina y gentamicina. Cuando la sepsis tuvo una repercusión sistémica muy grave, se utilizó además inmunoglobulinoterapia. La evolución fue satisfactoria en el 100 % de los casos, la mayoría de los cuales necesitó internación hospitalaria hasta los 7 días. No hubo fallecidos.A retrospective and longitudinal study of cervicomaxillofacial sepsis in the neonates admitted in our intensive care unit in a period of 10 years was conducted. An average incidence of 1.20 per 100 admissions, as well as the predominance of white female infants aged 7-27 days old (late sepsis were observed. Facial cellulitis was caused by obstetric trauma and it was the most frequent diagnosis. No relation between the presence of sepsis and gestational age, Apgar score, or birth weight, was found, since in most of the children these results were within the normal limits. The most used treatment was the antibiotic therapy with the association of 2 or more antibiotics. The combination of penicillin and gentamicin was the most common treatment. In those cases, among whom the sepsis had a very severe systemic repercussion, immunoglobulin therapy was

Exposure assessment of neonates in israel to x-ray radiation during hospitalization at neonatal intensive care unit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Datz, H.

2005-03-01

Nowadays nearly 10% of all births in western countries are premature. In the last decade, there has been an increase of 45% in the number of neonates that were born in Israel. At the same time, the survival of neonates, especially those with very low birth weight, VLBW, (less than 1,500 gr), has increased dramatically. Diagnostic radiology plays an important role in the assessment and treatment of neonates requiring intensive care. During their prolonged and complex hospitalization, these infants are exposed to multiple radiographic examinations involving X-ray radiation. The extent of the examinations that the infant undergoes depends on its birth weight, gestational age and its medical problems, where most of the treatment effort is focused especially on VLBW neonates. Most of the diagnostic X-ray examinations taken during the hospitalization of neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) consist of imaging of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, namely, the chest and abdomen. The imaging process is done using mobile X-ray units located at the NICUs. Due to their long hospitalization periods and complex medical condition, all neonates, and neonates with VLBW in particular, are exposed to a much higher level of diagnostic radiation, compared to normal newborns. The goal of this research was to assess the extent of the exposure of neonates in Israel to X-ray radiation during their hospitalization at the neonatal intensive care unit. Five NICUs, located at different geographical zones in Israel and treating 20% of all newborns in Israel every year, participated in this research. The research was conducted in three phases: Phase I: Collection of information on radiographic techniques and exposure parameters (e.g. kV, mAs, focus to skin distance (FSD), examination borders). 499 X-ray examinations (from 157 neonates) were evaluated for necessary and unnecessary exposure of the neonate's organs to X-ray radiation during these examinations. Phase II

Efectividad del modelo de cuidado de enfermería para la familia de paciente con infarto agudo al miocardio en la unidad de cuidados intensivos

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David Jahel Garcia Avendaño

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Este protocolo de investigación tiene la finalidad de intervenir con la familia y determinar la efectividad del Modelo de Cuidado de Enfermería para la Familia de Paciente con Infarto Agudo al Miocardio (IAM en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de intervención familiar. Resultados y Discusión: El 100% de las familias respondió afirmativamente que la enfermera familiar les informo sobre los cuidados a realizar en la familia según las necesidades detectadas, estableció un plan de intervención en la familia mismo que cumplió y se interesó para que dentro de lo posible la estancia en la familia sea agradable. Conclusiones: Los resultados de esta investigación de intervención a las familias de paciente con IAM en las UCI aporta resultados que apoyan la importancia de aplicar un Modelo de Cuidado de Enfermería Familiar en dichas unidades.Cómo citar este artículo: García DJ, Estrada MC, Gallegos M, Antuna AB. Efectividad del modelo de cuidado de enfermería para la familia de paciente con infarto agudo al miocardio en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(1: 923-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i1.166

Caracterización de los eventos adversos reportados por enfermería en unidades de cuidado intensivo en Bogotá (Colombia

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Diana Achury Saldaña

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo:Identificar los eventos adversos (EA reportados por enfermería en algunas unidadesde cuidado intensivo (UCI en Bogotá (Colombia.Método:Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo. El tamaño de la muestra correspondióa 525 pacientes, durante un periodo de 6 meses. El tipo de muestreo fue por criterio; participaronde forma voluntaria 3 instituciones de salud en Bogotá. Para recolectar información se utilizóun formulario digital on-line. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo con distribución de frecuenciasabsolutas y relativas, utilizando el programa estadísticoSPSSStatistics 23.0, versión 2014.Resultados:Se reportaron 594 eventos adversos presentados en 525 pacientes. Los relacionadoscon el cuidado enfermero ocuparon el primer lugar (38,7 %, seguido del manejo de la vía aérea yla ventilación mecánica (16,1 % y el manejo de accesos vasculares, sondas y drenajes (14,8 %y la infección asociada al cuidado (12,6 %.La ocurrencia de estos eventos adversos predominó en hombres con edad promedio de 64,5 años, enunidades de cuidado intensivo médicas, en el turno de la noche y con unTISS-28 de 20-39 puntos.Conclusiones:Los eventos adversos reportados en el estudio que presentan mayor prevalen-cia están relacionados en su mayoría con el cuidado directo al paciente y el de vía aérea; al serprevenibles indican que se presentaron por alteración en el cumplimiento de los estándaresdel cuidado.

Proyecto de explotación y construcción de un cebadero en sistema Intensivo para 216 terneros en Velilla de la Sierra (Soria)

OpenAIRE

Borjabad Arancón, Ana Isabel

2017-01-01

El presente documento corresponde al Trabajo Fin de Grado del alumno Ana Isabel Borjabad Arancón para la Titulación de GRADO EN INGENIERIAS AGRICOLA Y MEDIO RURAL. EL objeto del proyecto consiste en la realización de una explotación de ganado vacuno intensivo, denominado cebadero, incluyendo en dicha realización todas las construcciones necesarias así como el estudio y programa de manejo de la explotación. El promotor del proyecto es un agricultor de Velilla de la Sierra,...

Análisis de los factores ambientales y ocupacionales en la concentración de aerobacterias en unidades de cuidado intensivo del Hospital Universitario Fernando Troconis, 2009 Santa Marta - Colombia

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Andrés M. Vélez-Pereira

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La evaluación de la calidad biológica del aire de ambientes hospitalarios resulta de especial interés debido a que los pacientes puedan servir como una fuente de bacterias patógenas para el personal del hospital, los visitantes y otros pacientes, siendo relevante en unidades de asistencia especializadas en atención de patologías crónicas como cáncer, SIDA y pacientes con trasplante de órganos o con complicaciones severas en su estado de salud, y que requieren una intervención masiva para su tratamiento en salas de cirugía y/o unidades de cuidado intensivo. Evaluar la influencia de factores ambientales y de ocupación de la unidad en la concentración de aerobacterias de unidades de cuidado intensivo del Hospital Universitario Fernando Troconis. Materiales y Métodos: Se colectaron muestras triplicadas con agar selectivo para Staphylococcus spp. y Pseudomonas spp., en dos estaciones de cada una de las tres UCI, mediante impactador de 2 etapas ubicado a altura de1.5m y caudal constante (28.3l/min durante 5min, incubándolas a 37°C por 48h. Los factores ambientales se registraron con anemómetro Kestrel 4500 y ocupación de la unidad mediante registro manual del número de pacientes y personal asistencial de la unidad. Resultados: La máxima concentración fue 979.9±31.3UFC/m3 y el máximo promedio, 315.6±59.7UFC/m3. Staphylococcus spp. Superaron la concentración de Pseudomonas spp. La máxima ocupación fue en UCI Adulto, mayor temperatura en UCI Pediátrica y humedad más baja en UCI Adulto. Discusión y Conclusiones: La concentración de aerobacterias superó valores reportados por estudios  aerobiológicos hospitalarios, y presenta relaciones leves con temperatura y escasa o nula con ocupación de la unidad.Palabras clave: Partículas Viables en el Aire, Ambiente, Infección Hospitalaria, Ocupación de Camas, Cuidados Intensivos, Viabilidad Microbiana. (Fuente: DeCS BIREME.Cómo citar este artículo: V�

Neonatal pain management

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Tarun Bhalla

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The past 2-3 decades have seen dramatic changes in the approach to pain management in the neonate. These practices started with refuting previously held misconceptions regarding nociception in preterm infants. Although neonates were initially thought to have limited response to painful stimuli, it was demonstrated that the developmental immaturity of the central nervous system makes the neonate more likely to feel pain. It was further demonstrated that untreated pain can have long-lasting physiologic and neurodevelopmental consequences. These concerns have resulted in a significant emphasis on improving and optimizing the techniques of analgesia for neonates and infants. The following article will review techniques for pain assessment, prevention, and treatment in this population with a specific focus on acute pain related to medical and surgical conditions.

origen e impactos de dinópolis

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Raúl Lardiés Bosque

2005-01-01

Full Text Available El parque temático de Dinópolis se ha convertido en uno de los principales atractivos de la provincia de Teruel. Desde que el parque empezó a funcionar en junio de 2001, ya se han empezado a detectar algunos cambios de tipo socioeconómico, no sólo por el aumento del número de visitantes y turistas que llegan a la ciudad de Teruel, sino también por los impactos indirectos que esa afluencia genera en el sector turístico y comercial. En este artículo se analiza la puesta en marcha del proyecto y sus orígenes, así como la influencia socioeconómica que está teniendo a escala local. El enfoque que se ha adoptado es el de considerar a Dinópolis como una herramienta/estrategia de desarrollo local, puesto que se está convertiendo en un reclamo turístico y de visitantes para la ciudad, y porque todo ello genera impactos indirectos importantes en diversos sectores y ramas económicas.

Interpretación del cuidado de enfermería neonatal desde las experiencias y vivencias de los padres do cuidado da enfermagem neonatal partindo das experiências e vivências dos pais Interpreting neonatal nursing care from the parents' experiences viewpoint

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JUAN CLEMENTE GUERRA GUERRA

2008-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo es "interpretar las experiencias y vivencias de los padres de los neonatos acerca del cuidado de enfermería que reciben sus hijos en la unidad de neonatos (UCIN del Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana (HUS". Es un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada la cual sirvió como guía para obtener los testimonios de los padres y madres de los neonatos hospitalizados. Del análisis de la información obtenida de cada una de las preguntas se identificaron códigos sustantivos, los cuales se agruparon con el fin de formar las categorías. Surgieron cinco categorías: 1. Dificultades en el desempeño del rol de padres. 2. Impacto ante la hospitalización del neonato. 3. Expectativas de los padres frente al cuidado del neonato. 4. Comunicación asertiva. 5. Los padres aprenden de las(os enfermeras(os. Los testimonios y el análisis de cada una de estas categorías permiten un acercamiento a la interpretación de lo que es el cuidado de enfermería para los padres de los neonatos hospitalizados, a partir de sus experiencias y vivencias. En opinión de los autores, resalta el surgimiento de dos categorías muy importantes para enfermería, que se deben seguir explorando en otro tipo de investigaciones: "los padres aprenden de las enfermeras" y "comunicación asertiva".O objetivo é "interpretar as experiências e vivências dos pais dos neonatos em torno ao cuidado de enfermagem fornecido aos filhos na unidade de cuidado intensivo neonatal (UCIN do Hospital Universitário da Samaritana (HUS". Esse é um levantamento qualitativo, descritivo e experimental. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semi-estruturada que serviu como orientação para obter os testemunhos dos pais e mães dos neonatos hospitalizados. Da análise da informação coletada com base em cada uma das perguntas, identificamos códigos substantivos, que foram compilados objetivando a formação de categorias. Dessa compilação sa

Causes of Neonatal Mortality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Taleghani Hospital

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Ali Hossein Zeinalzadeh

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Background: Neonatal survival is one of the most important challenges today. Over 99% of neonatal mortalities occur in the developing countries, and epidemiologic studies emphasize on this issue in the developed countries, as well. In this study, we attempted to investigate the causes of neonatal mortality in Taleghani Hospital, Tabriz, Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we studied causes of neonatal mortality in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU of Taleghani Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, during 2013-2014. Data collection was performed by the head nurse and treating physician using a pre-designed questionnaire. Most of the data were extracted from the neonatal records. Information regarding maternal underlying diseases and health care during pregnancy was extracted from mothers' records.Results: A total of 891 neonates were admitted to NICU of Taleghani Hospital of Tabriz, Iran, during 2013-2014, 68 (7.5% of whom died. Among these cases, 37 (%54.4 were male, 29 (29.4% were extremely low birth weight, and 16 (23.5% weighed more than 2.5 kg. The main causes of mortality were congenital anomalies (35.3%, prematurity (26.5%, and sepsis (10.3%, respectively.Conclusion: Congenital anomaly is the most common cause of mortality, and the pattern of death is changing from preventable diseases to unavoidable mortalities

Developments in neonatal care and nursing responses.

Science.gov (United States)

Healy, Patricia; Fallon, Anne

This article reviews the origins and evolution of neonatology and considers the role of the neonatal nurse within this specialty. Neonatal nurses are a vital part of the neonatal team that provides care for sick babies. The nursing care required by sick babies and their families on a neonatal unit can be variable and complex. The past century has seen significant changes in the role of the neonatal nurse. This has come about through dramatic technological developments on neonatal units, an increased understanding of neonatal physiology and pathology, changes in the education of neonatal nurses, and active and ongoing clinical research within the specialty. The resulting significant advances in neonatal care, including that provided by neonatal nurses, have made a crucial and steadfast contribution to marked improvements in neonatal outcomes.

Patterns of admission and factors associated with neonatal mortality among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

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Demisse AG

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Abayneh Girma Demisse, Fentahun Alemu, Mahlet Abayneh Gizaw, Zemene Tigabu School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Introduction: The neonatal period is a highly vulnerable time for an infant completing many of the physiologic adjustments required for life outside the uterus. As a result, there are high rates of morbidity and mortality. The three major causes of mortality in developing countries include prematurity, infection, and perinatal asphyxia. The aim of this study was to identify the patterns of neonatal admission and factors associated with mortality among neonates admitted at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU of University of Gondar Hospital.Materials and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among all admitted neonates in the NICU of University of Gondar referral hospital from December 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016. Information was extracted retrospectively during admission from patient records and death certificates, using a pretested questionnaire. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20, and p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 769 neonates was included in the study. There were 448 (58.3% male neonates, and 398 (51.8% neonates were rural residents. More than two-thirds of the 587 deliveries (76.3% were performed in tertiary hospitals. Neonatal morbidity included hypothermia 546 (71%, sepsis 522 (67.9%, prematurity 250 (34.9%, polycythemia 242 (31.5%, hypoglycemia 142 (18.5, meconium aspiration syndrome 113 (14.7%, and perinatal asphyxia 96 (12.5%. The overall mortality was 110 (14.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.9–16.9 of which 69 (62.7% deaths occurred in the first 24 hours of age. In the multivariate analysis, mortality was associated with perinatal asphyxia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 5.97; 95% CI: 3.06–11.64, instrumental delivery (AOR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.08–8.31, and early onset

Volume and leak measurements during neonatal CPAP in neonates

OpenAIRE

Fischer, Hendrik S.

2011-01-01

As yet, little is known about the effects of air leakages during CPAP in newborns. The present doctoral dissertation investigates tidal volume and leak measurements during nasal continuous positive airway pressure in neonates using a commercial ventilatory device. Investigations include in vitro studies, modelling and computer simulation as well as a clinical randomized cross-over trial in neonates.

Telemedicine in Neonatal Home Care

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, Kristina Garne; Brødsgaard, Anne; Zachariassen, Gitte

2016-01-01

participatory design and qualitative methods. Data were collected from observational studies, individual interviews, and focus group interviews. Two neonatal units participated. One unit was experienced in providing neonatal home care with home visits, and the other planned to offer neonatal home care......BACKGROUND: For the majority of preterm infants, the last weeks of hospital admission mainly concerns tube feeding and establishment of breastfeeding. Neonatal home care (NH) was developed to allow infants to remain at home for tube feeding and establishment of breastfeeding with regular home...... visits from neonatal nurses. For hospitals covering large regions, home visits may be challenging, time consuming, and expensive and alternative approaches must be explored. OBJECTIVE: To identify parental needs when wanting to provide neonatal home care supported by telemedicine. METHODS: The study used...

Proyectar con la naturaleza mediante la Metodología de los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental en ordenaciones residenciales

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Higueras García, Esther

2013-01-01

Proyectar con la naturaleza mediante la Metodología de los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental en ordenaciones residenciales .- Procedimiento de acción en la planificación ambiental .- Las técnicas de agregación de impactos .- Las afecciones de los planes de ordenación sobre el territorio. .- Las medidas preventivas y correctoras de planes .- Evaluación critica de los estudios de impacto ambiental

Neonatal Informatics: Transforming Neonatal Care Through Translational Bioinformatics

Science.gov (United States)

Palma, Jonathan P.; Benitz, William E.; Tarczy-Hornoch, Peter; Butte, Atul J.; Longhurst, Christopher A.

2012-01-01

The future of neonatal informatics will be driven by the availability of increasingly vast amounts of clinical and genetic data. The field of translational bioinformatics is concerned with linking and learning from these data and applying new findings to clinical care to transform the data into proactive, predictive, preventive, and participatory health. As a result of advances in translational informatics, the care of neonates will become more data driven, evidence based, and personalized. PMID:22924023

Maternal haemoglobin and short-term neonatal outcome in preterm neonates.

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Elodie Savajols

Full Text Available To determine whether there is a significant association between maternal haemoglobin measured before delivery and short-term neonatal outcome in very preterm neonates.We included prospectively all live births occurring from 25 to 32+6 weeks of gestation in a tertiary care centre between January 1(st 2009 and December 31(st 2011. Outborn infants and infants presenting with lethal malformations were excluded. Three hundred and thirty-nine mothers and 409 infants met the inclusion criteria. For each mother-infant pair a prospective record of epidemiologic data was performed and maternal haemoglobin concentration recorded within 24 hours before delivery was retrospectively researched. Maternal haemoglobin was divided into quartiles with the second and the third one regarded as reference as they were composed of normal haemoglobin values. Short-term outcome was defined as poor in case of death during hospital stay and/or grades III/IV intraventricular haemorrhage and/or periventricular leukomalacia and/or necessity of ventriculoperitoneal shunt.The global rate of poor short-term neonatal outcome was 11.4% and was significantly associated with low maternal haemoglobin values. This association remained significant after adjustment for antenatal corticosteroids therapy, gestational age, parity, mechanism of preterm birth, mode of delivery and birth weight (aOR = 2.97 CI 95% [1.36-6.47]. There was no relation between short-term neonatal outcome and high maternal haemoglobin concentration values.We show that low maternal haemoglobin concentration at delivery is an independent risk factor for poor short-term neonatal outcome in very preterm neonates. This study is one of the first to show such an association within the preterm population.

Control borroso para la valoración del impacto ambiental generado por contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales hospitalarias

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Leadina Sánchez Barboza

2015-06-01

Full Text Available La valoración de impactos ambientales está sujeta a imprecisión, vaguedad y subjetividad. Estas características son extensivas al impacto generado por la presencia de contaminantes emergentes -fármacos- en aguas residuales hospitalarias, por lo que este trabajo propone valorar el impacto de dichos contaminantes mediante un sistema de inferencia borrosa, utilizando el toolbox fuzzy logic de MATLAB®, aplicando el sistema experto Mamdani. Los conjuntos borrosos de entrada se establecieron a partir de las concentraciones de los fármacos mediante variables lingüísticas definidas por medio de funciones de pertenencia trapezoidales, y el conjunto borroso de salida comprende la magnitud del impacto definida a través de una función de pertenencia triangular. Posteriormente, se obtuvo una valoración (en escala de 0 a 100 para concentraciones de fármacos máximas y promedios presentes en el agua residual, y por último, con estos valores se determina la magnitud del impacto ambiental a través del sistema de inferencia borrosa diseñado. El tratamiento borroso es útil para valorar los impactos ambientales en aguas residuales de contaminantes emergentes como los compuestos farmacéuticos.

Seguridad ante impacto humano de acristalamientos en edificaciones

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Claramunt, R.

2005-10-01

Full Text Available The Spanish Building Code (CTE specifies the demands that should comply the buildings in relation to the essential requirements of safety and habitability. The Fundamental Document of Safety in Use (DB-SU of the CTE identifies some critical areas where the impact with fragile elements would suppose a risk for the user. The DB-SU establishes the impact levels that glazing should resist, according to the procedure of UNE-EN 12600:2003. However, since this procedure does not give information about characteristics of the testing equipment, results obtained are dispersed and variable with the equipment. This paper presents the procedure followed to characterize the impact pendulum test, so it can be guaranteed that only the glazing response is measured during the impact. First, it has been necessary to estimate the duration of the impact. Then, the glazing natural frequency of different constructive configurations, geometry and thickness has been determined. Finally, vibration modes of the glazing supporting structure from the pendulum, according to different fixing points to the floor is estimated. It should be noted, as a conclusion, that the natural frequency of the pendulum differs in a important way when border conditions are modified, such as fixing points to floor, etc.

El Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE establece las exigencias básicas que deben cumplir los edificios en relación con los requisitos básicos de seguridad y habitabilidad. El Documento Básico de Seguridad de Utilización (DB-SU del CTE, identifica unas áreas críticas en las que el impacto con elementos frágiles supondría un riesgo para el usuario. El DB-SU establece los niveles de impacto que deben resistir los vidrios en dichas zonas, según el procedimiento de norma UNE-EN 12600:2003. Sin embargo este procedimiento no facilita información acerca de las características del equipo de ensayo, lo que ocasiona que los resultados obtenidos sean dispersos y

Neonates need tailored drug formulations.

Science.gov (United States)

Allegaert, Karel

2013-02-08

Drugs are very strong tools used to improve outcome in neonates. Despite this fact and in contrast to tailored perfusion equipment, incubators or ventilators for neonates, we still commonly use drug formulations initially developed for adults. We would like to make the point that drug formulations given to neonates need to be tailored for this age group. Besides the obvious need to search for active compounds that take the pathophysiology of the newborn into account, this includes the dosage and formulation. The dosage or concentration should facilitate the administration of low amounts and be flexible since clearance is lower in neonates with additional extensive between-individual variability. Formulations need to be tailored for dosage variability in the low ranges and also to the clinical characteristics of neonates. A specific focus of interest during neonatal drug development therefore is a need to quantify and limit excipient exposure based on the available knowledge of their safety or toxicity. Until such tailored vials and formulations become available, compounding practices for drug formulations in neonates should be evaluated to guarantee the correct dosing, product stability and safety.

Medidas preventivas, correctoras y compensatorias del impacto ecológico de carreteras

OpenAIRE

Aizpurúa Giráldez, Nerea

2011-01-01

Las medidas preventivas, correctoras y compensatorias empleadas en los proyectos de carretera son uno de los elementos clave para conseguir la integración ambiental de estas infraestructuras. De ellas dependerá que los posibles impactos ambientales generados durante su construcción y explotación no supongan un detrimento inadmisible de la calidad ambiental. La tipología de medidas que se vienen aplicando desde hace más de veinte años en durante el proceso de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (E...

Estimacion del impacto economico de la sequia agricola en el cultivo de maiz

OpenAIRE

Gallardo Ballat, Yurisbel; Brown Manrique, Oscar

2016-01-01

Se realiza una investigacion para determinar el impacto economico que provoca la sequia agricola en el cultivo de maiz en el municipio Venezuela. Se establecen tres escenarios de precipitaciones: seco, normal y lluvioso, asi como los niveles de impactos (bajo, medio y alto) a los que puede estar sometido el cultivo en condiciones de secano. En la investigacion se emplea la matriz de riesgo como herramienta fundamental para la determinacion de perdidas y ganancias financieras, teniendo en cuen...

Estoque e frações de carbono e atributos físicos em Nitossolo Vermelho relacionados à aplicação de esterco em sistemas de produção

OpenAIRE

Andrade, Andréia Patrícia

2013-01-01

Suinocultura e avicultura representam para Santa Catarina uma das principais atividades de importância econômica e social. Os sistemas intensivos originam grandes quantidades de estercos. O impacto no uso desses materiais no solo depende das condições de uso e das quantidades adicionadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de estercos de suínos e cama de aves no conteúdo de carbono orgânico total, sua distribuição nas frações granulométricas e em classes de agregados e ...

Diversidad de la herpetofauna en huertos de aguacate y hábitats conservados en Michoacán, México

OpenAIRE

Marroquín-Páramo, Jorge Alejandro; Suazo-Ortuño, Ireri; Mendoza, Eduardo; Alvarado-Díaz, Javier; Siliceo-Cantero, Héctor Hugo

2017-01-01

Resumen: La conversión de los hábitats naturales en monocultivos es un fenómeno que se presenta cada vez con mayor frecuencia, por lo que es necesario el estudio de su impacto sobre la diversidad, por ejemplo, de la herpetofauna. En el presente estudio se realizó un muestreo intensivo de anfibios y reptiles en 3 sitios en huertas de aguacate, 3 en bosque de coníferas (vegetación de la que derivan las huertas de aguacate) y 3 en bosque tropical caducifolio (usado como punto de referencia al es...

Hacia una memorización de los signos de los impactos cruzados entre variables estratégicas

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Ali Smida

2010-04-01

Full Text Available A la expresión “todo lo demás permanece constante” (del latín “ceteris paribus”, apreciada por los economistas, los seguidores de la prospectiva oponen la expresión “todo lo demás está cambiando”. Razón por la cual han desarrollado herramientas, en particular los escenarios y las matrices de impactos cruzados, que han puesto a disposición de la estrategia. Los escenarios han tenido un gran éxito en este campo, pero las matrices de impactos cruzados han tenido problemas para ser adoptadas por los estrategas de la empresa. Una de las desventajas de estas matrices es que son “amnésicas” en cuanto a los signos negativos de los impactos causados o experimentados por los actores o las variables. Hay, en efecto, una pérdida de información una vez que se pasa a los impactos indirectos, en la medida que el producto de un número par de signos negativos produce un signo positivo: en consecuencia las oposiciones son ocultadas. Este artículo propone un método que permite encontrar el rastro de los impactos negativos a lo largo de una cadena de acciones y reacciones. Para lo cual se realiza, a manera de ilustración, el estudio de los impactos positivos y negativos entre las variables estratégicas vinculadas al financiamiento de los hogares para los adultos mayores dependientes en Francia (EHPAD, por su sigla en idioma francés. En efecto, los impactos introducidos por la adhesión y la oposición de los protagonistas a la inclusión de los medicamentos en el precio de un programa integral de cuidados han producido una avalancha de textos legislativos y reglamentarios contradictorios que pueden llegar a comprometer el futuro de los EHPAD.

Neonatal Nursing

OpenAIRE

Crawford, Doreen; Morris, Maryke

1994-01-01

"Neonatal Nursing" offers a systematic approach to the nursing care of the sick newborn baby. Nursing actions and responsibilities are the focus of the text with relevant research findings, clinical applications, anatomy, physiology and pathology provided where necessary. This comprehensive text covers all areas of neonatal nursing including ethics, continuing care in the community, intranatal care, statistics and pharmokinetics so that holistic care of the infant is described. This book shou...

Nível de ruídos em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos Noise level in a pediatric intensive care unit

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Werther B. Carvalho

2005-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar o nível de ruídos em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional e prospectivo realizado em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de 10 leitos de um hospital universitário da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Os níveis de ruídos foram medidos por meio de equipamento instalado no corredor de acesso à unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos, posto de enfermagem, duas salas com três e cinco leitos, bem como nas unidades de isolamento. O equipamento utilizado foi calibrado para registrar a pressão do som em dBA, durante 24 horas, por 6 dias. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com as curvas gráficas registradas pelo equipamento. RESULTADOS: Foi identificado um nível basal de ruídos de 60 a 70 dBA, com pico de 120 dBA. Os níveis mais elevados foram identificados no período diurno, decorrentes da atividade e comunicação dos profissionais. CONCLUSÃO: Os níveis de ruídos identificados excederam as recomendações do International Noise Council, da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A educação sobre os efeitos prejudiciais de ruídos na audição humana e sua relação com o estresse constituem as bases para a implementação de programas de redução de ruídos.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to verify the noise level at a PICU. METHODS: This prospective observational study was performed in a 10 bed PICU at a teaching hospital located in a densely populated district within the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Sound pressure levels (dBA were measured 24 hours during a 6-day period. Noise recording equipment was placed in the PICU access corridor, nursing station, two open wards with three and five beds, and in isolation rooms. The resulting curves were analyzed. RESULTS: A basal noise level variation between 60 and 70 dBA was identified, with a maximum level of 120 dBA. The most significant noise levels were recorded during the day and were produced by the staff

Un modelo para evaluar y optimizar el impacto espacial de las inversiones en regeneración urbana

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Roberto Cervelló Royo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta un modelo para el análisis y optimización del impacto espacial de las políticas urbanísticas de los gobiernos locales en materia de regeneración urbana y rehabilitación de zonas históricas degradadas. Partiendo del volumen de inversión y de la localización de las intervenciones públicas, se propone un índice de impacto de las mismas. La distribución espacial de estos índices de impacto en la zona de influencia de la intervención servirán de base para el análisis; así, fijándonos unos objetivos concretos del centro decisor sobre la homogeneidad de esta distribución, planteamos un modelo que de acuerdo al principio de equidad territorial nos permite asignar el presupuesto disponible entre las distintas localizaciones fijadas a priori. Mediante la comparación de la distribución espacial de los índices de impacto obtenidos podremos obtener una medida de evaluación del proceso de intervención y del impacto del mismo. Clasificación JEL: R00, R51, R53.

Neonatal Outcomes of Rh-Negative Pregnancies in a Tertiary Level Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Study

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Chacham

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Background Rhesus incompatibility is a preventable cause for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, hydrops fetalis and still births. The prevalence of the Rh-negative blood group among Indian woman varies from 2% - 10%. Despite declining the incidence of Rhesus incompatibility, due to availability of anti-D immunoglobulin, and improved antenatal care of the Rh-negative pregnant woman, it still accounts for a significant proportion of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and neuro-morbidity. The prevalence of Rh-negative women having Rh-positive neonates is 60%. Objectives This study aimed to estimate the incidence of Rh iso-immunization and evaluate the outcomes of Rh iso-immunized neonates. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit, Princess Esra hospital, Deccan college of medical sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Consecutive intramural and extramural neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit with the Rh-negative mother’s blood group and hyperbilirubinemia were enrolled. Neonates born to Rh+ve mothers were excluded. Neonatal gestational age, birth weight, age at admission, duration of phototherapy, duration of hospitalization, neonatal examination and investigations were recorded in a predesigned, pretested performa. Results A total of 90 neonates were born to Rh-negative mothers, of which 70% (63 had the Rh-positive blood group and 30% had the Rh-negative blood group. Of these 63 neonates, 48 (76.2% had hyperbilirubinemia and 43 neonates (68.3% had significant hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin > 15mg/dL. Among them, 2%, 75% and 23% were born to primi, multi and grandmutli, respectively. Also, 14.5% of the neonates were large for dates (LFD, 75% appropriate for dates (AFD and 10.5% were small for dates (SFD. Premature and SFD neonates had higher incidence of hyperbilirubinemia. Significantly higher incidence of jaundice occurred within 72 hours of life. The mean

SERUM SODIUM CHANGES IN NEONATES RECEIVING PHOTOTHERAPY FOR NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA

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Sunil Kumar

2015-07-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND : Neonates receiving phototherapy have side effects like hypocalcemia and electrolyte changes. Our study is hereby intended to study the serum sodium changes due to phototherapy. AIMS : To evaluate the serum sodium changes in neonates receiving phototherapy f or neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. SETTINGS AND DESIGN : A prospective hospital based comparative study conducted on neonates admitted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit receiving phototherapy. METHODS AND MATERIAL : A predesigned proforma has aided the enroll ment of 252 newborns into the study. Serum bilirubin and serum sodium were determined before and after termination of phototherapy. The first samples were considered as controls. A comparative study was made between before and after phototherapy groups to determine the incidence of serum sodium imbalances. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED : Proportions will be compared using chi - square test. All data of various groups will be tabulated and statistically analyzed using suitable statistical tests (Student's t test. RESULTS : Male to Female ratio was 1.45 : 1. Incidence of low birth weight babies was 23% and preterm was 20.2%. Mean birth weight and gestational age was 2.84±0.51 kg and 38.44±1.98 wks respectively. Mean duration of phototherapy was 37.65±11.06 hrs. The incidence of hyponatremia post phototherapy found to be 6% which was more in low birth weight (LBW babies (17.2% , p48 hrs (p<0.001. Even the decline in mean serum sodium values after phototherapy found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION : Our study shows that neonates u nder phototherapy are at higher risk of hyponatremia. This risk is greater in premature and LBW babies and hence this group of babies should be closely monitored for changes in serum sodium and should be managed accordingly.

Control borroso para la valoración del impacto ambiental generado por contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales hospitalarias

OpenAIRE

Leadina Sánchez Barboza

2015-01-01

La valoración de impactos ambientales está sujeta a imprecisión, vaguedad y subjetividad. Estas características son extensivas al impacto generado por la presencia de contaminantes emergentes -fármacos- en aguas residuales hospitalarias, por lo que este trabajo propone valorar el impacto de dichos contaminantes mediante un sistema de inferencia borrosa, utilizando el toolbox fuzzy logic de MATLAB®, aplicando el sistema experto Mamdani. Los conjuntos borrosos de entrada se establecieron a part...

Neonatal Vaccination: Challenges and Intervention Strategies.

Science.gov (United States)

Morris, Matthew C; Surendran, Naveen

2016-01-01

While vaccines have been tremendously successful in reducing the incidence of serious infectious diseases, newborns remain particularly vulnerable in the first few months of their life to life-threatening infections. A number of challenges exist to neonatal vaccination. However, recent advances in the understanding of neonatal immunology offer insights to overcome many of those challenges. This review will present an overview of the features of neonatal immunity which make vaccination difficult, survey the mechanisms of action of available vaccine adjuvants with respect to the unique features of neonatal immunity, and propose a possible mechanism contributing to the inability of neonates to generate protective immune responses to vaccines. We surveyed recent published findings on the challenges to neonatal vaccination and possible intervention strategies including the use of novel vaccine adjuvants to develop efficacious neonatal vaccines. Challenges in the vaccination of neonates include interference from maternal antibody and excessive skewing towards Th2 immunity, which can be counteracted by the use of proper adjuvants. Synergistic stimulation of multiple Toll-like receptors by incorporating well-defined agonist-adjuvant combinations to vaccines is a promising strategy to ensure a protective vaccine response in neonates. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

EVALUACION DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL EN OBRAS VIALES

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Wilfredo Martínez D.

2014-11-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo es escrito, con el propósito de proporcionar elementos técnicos que contribuyan para orientar a los equipos de trabajo multidisciplinario, en valorar objetivamente los impactos ambientales provocados por la construcción de obras civiles y que suscitan el interés del dominio público y profesionales en la materia. Para ello hemos contado con la experiencia acumulada en instituciones gubernamentales y de índole privado y con nuestra experiencia profesional, en la construcción de obras civiles. El contenido del mismo, toma en cuenta varios criterios de especialistas en la materia y recursos disponibles; con ética y rigurosidad técnica. El objetivo de la evaluación de impactos ambientales, es predecir sobre la marcha y a futuro, estados alternativos de recursos y ambiente; convencidos que el cuido de la naturaleza puede convocar la voluntad de todas las partes y lograr trabajar armoniosamente, por la construcción de un futuro con desarrollo sostenible para nuestra nación y generaciones posteriores; satisfaciendo las necesidades del presente, sin poner en riesgo los recursos del futuro.

Aspectos socioeconómicos de la evaluación de impacto ambiental

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Echavarren, José Manuel

2007-08-01

Full Text Available This article reviews the methodology and background of the socioeconomic dimension in environment impact evaluations. This text examines the pertinence of Social Sciences in the study of environmental assessment. Likewise, the article deals with the main techniques applied to this field. Special attention is drawn to the concept and research of landscape as a social factor of environment as well as to public participation in the processes of Environmental Impact Assessment research.

El presente artículo revisa la metodología y el fundamento del estudio de los aspectos socioeconómicos de las Evaluaciones de Impacto Ambiental. Se examina la pertinencia de las Ciencias Sociales dentro de los estudios de impacto ambiental, así como las técnicas principales que se aplican en la práctica investigadora al respecto. Se presta atención especial al concepto y al estudio del paisaje como elemento social del medio ambiente, así como a los mecanismos de participación dentro de las dinámicas de las Evaluaciones de Impacto Ambiental.

Seguimento dos enfermeiros egressos dos cursos de especialização em enfermagem em cuidados intensivos Seguimiento de los enfermeros egresos de los cursos de especialización en enfermería en cuidados intensivos Following up nurses that finished the specialization course on nursing in intensive care

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Verlaine Andrade

1998-07-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo busca analisar a contribuição trazida pelos Cursos de Especialização em Cuidados Intensivos realizados na Escola de Enfermagem da USP, cujos objetivos foram: 1 caracterizar a trajetória dos enfermeiros quanto à continuidade do trabalho em UTI; 2 avaliar a contribuição oferecida pelo curso. A população foi composta por 38 enfermeiros egressos, sendo que, destes, 60,5% não mais atuavam na UTI, devido ao fato de assumirem outro cargo na instituição e apresentarem problemas pessoais diversos. Quanto à contribuição oferecida pelo curso, a principal avaliação recaiu na aquisição de conhecimentos (91,7%. No entanto, 74,2% dos enfermeiros afirmaram que o curso não contribuiu para o aumento salarial, o que não os têm impedido de investir no seu aperfeiçoamento profissional.Este estudio busca analizar la contribución de los Cursos de Especialización en Cuidados Intensivos ofrecidos por la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de São Paulo. Los objetivos fueron: 1 caracterizar la trayectoria de los enfermeros en cuanto a la continuidad del trabajo en Unidade de Tratamiento Intensivo (UTI; 2 evaluar la contribución ofrecida por el Curso. La población fue de 38 enfermeros egresados de los Cursos, el 60,5% no estaban trabajando en UTI por estar ejerciendo otro cargo y también por problemas personales. En cuanto a la contribución ofrecida por el Curso, el principal resultado de la evaluación apunta para la aquisición de conocimientos (91,7%, el 74,2% de los enfermeros dijeron que el Curso no contribuyó para la mejoría de la remuneración; sin embargo, eso no constituyó motivo para que esos enfermeros dejaran de invertir en el progreso profesional.The purpose of this study was to analyse the contribution of the Extension Courses in the Intensive Care held at the Nursing School from USP, with the aim to: 1 Follow up nurses in their work at the ICU. 2 Evaluate the contribution offered by the course. The

Therapies for neonates with congenital malformations admitted to a neonatal unit

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Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão Cardoso

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to characterize the treatments applied to newborns with congenital malformation hospitalized in a neonatal unit and to identify whether there is an association among the treatments used and the type of malformation. A descriptive, prospective and quantitative study was developed in a public institution in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Data were collected using the medical records of 30 neonates with congenital malformations. The incidence of malformations was higher among females, regardless of the mother’s age, gestational age or weight at birth; malformations of the central nervous and musculoskeletal systems prevailed. The treatments used varied according to the clinical evolution of the neonate. The data collected did not present statistical significance when associated with the variable of congenital malformation and the treatments used (p>0.05. The treatments are not directly related to the type of malformation, but to the clinical condition of the neonate.

Intraoperative fluid therapy in neonates

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Differences from adults and children in physiology and anatomy of neonates inform our ... is based on energy expenditure indexed to bodyweight.2 Energy ... fragile and poorly keratinised.5 ... neonates means that very conservative fluid regimes in neonates ..... I make an estimation of insensible loss from the skin, viscera,.

SISTEMA DE AQUISIÇÃO DE DADOS PARA A MÁQUINA DE IMPACTO CHARPY

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Jermana Lopes Moraes

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem o objetivo de implementar e desenvolver um sistema de aquisição de dados para a máquina de impacto Charpy. Assim, é realizado um estudo da máquina de impacto Charpy, do ensaio de impacto e das ferramentas necessárias para desenvolvimento do projeto. Utiliza-se um acelerômetro para determinar a aceleração nos eixos x e y do pêndulo Charpy durante a realização do ensaio. Para leitura e interpretação dos dados enviados pelo acelerômetro utiliza-se a plataforma de hardware Arduino UNO com software específico. Os dados enviados ao Arduino são apresentados em uma interface gráfica desenvolvida no Matlab. Nesta interface é possível inserir os dados iniciais de ensaio Charpy e apresentar ao usuário final os resultados finais de ensaio, como a energia de impacto, a resistência de impacto e a força necessária para romper o corpo de prova. Além disso, é apresentado ao usuário um gráfico da aceleração ao longo da realização do ensaio e o gráfico de força ao longo do tempo. Desta forma, registram-se os dados em um arquivo específico para análise e estudo posterior. A porcentagem de erro entre o valor medidor no mostrador da máquina e o resultado automatizado não ultrapassa o limite de 8 %.

Propuesta de un modelo para identificar impactos ambientales del turismo en espacios naturales

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Manuela Andrés Abellán

2000-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se propone un modelo para predecir y estimar de forma cualitativa los impactos ambientales que los visitantes de un área recreativa provocan, dependiendo del tipo de actividades que realizan y de las características del paraje. Este método podría servir como herramienta para gestionar el turismo y planificar las áreas recreativas de forma que pueda satisfacerse la demanda de los usuarios sin alterar de forma irreversible los recursos naturales. La aplicación del modelo en distintas áreas recreativas («El Barco, en Cuenca; «Los Chorros del río Mundo, en Albacete y los ((Campamentos de Peñascosa, en Albacete, ha permitido establecer diferentes zonas de impacto potencial, muy útiles para proponer nuevas medidas de gestión de uso público, como la distribución de los visitantes por lugares donde el riesgo de impacto sea menor

Costo-beneficio en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales

OpenAIRE

Rafael Amador Morán; Alberto Labrada Despaigne; Ana Campo González; Rosa Díaz Aguilar

2011-01-01

INTRODUCCIÓN. El Sistema Nacional de Salud de Cuba ha desarrollado un conjunto de reformas encaminadas a lograr una mayor eficiencia en la prestación de servicios, para preservar logros como la efectividad y la accesibilidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los costos en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal del Hospital Ginecoobstétrico de Guanabacoa en el período de un año. MÉTODOS. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo del período de enero a diciembre del 2009. ...

Neonatal Tele-Homecare

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, Kristina Garne

Neonatal homecare (NH) implies that parents manage tube feeding and care of their preterm infant at home supported by home visits from neonatal nurses, to monitor infant growth and the well-being of the family. Home visits are costly and time consuming in rural areas. The overall aim of this study...

[Neonatal tumours and congenital malformations].

Science.gov (United States)

Berbel Tornero, O; Ortega García, J A; Ferrís i Tortajada, J; García Castell, J; Donat i Colomer, J; Soldin, O P; Fuster Soler, J L

2008-06-01

The association between pediatric cancer and congenital abnormalities is well known but, there is no exclusive data on the neonatal period and the underlying etiopathogenic mechanisms are unknown. First, to analyze the frequency of neonatal tumours associated with congenital abnormalities; and second, to comment on the likely etiopathogenic hypotheses of a relationship between neonatal tumours and congenital abnormalities. Historical series of neonatal tumours from La Fe University Children's Hospital in Valencia (Spain), from January 1990 to December 1999. Histological varieties of neonatal tumours and associated congenital abnormalities were described. A systematic review of the last 25 years was carried out using Medline, Cancerlit, Index Citation Science and Embase. The search profile used was the combination of "neonatal/congenital-tumors/cancer/neoplasms" and "congenital malformations/birth defects". 72 neonatal tumours were identified (2.8% of all pediatric cancers diagnosed in our hospital) and in 15 cases (20.8%) there was some associated malformation, disease or syndrome. The association between congenital abnormalities and neonatal tumours were: a) angiomas in three patients: two patients with congenital heart disease with a choanal stenosis, laryngomalacia; b) neuroblastomas in two patients: horseshoe kidney with vertebral anomalies and other with congenital heart disease; c) teratomas in two patients: one with cleft palate with vertebral anomalies and other with metatarsal varus; d) one tumour of the central nervous system with Bochdaleck hernia; e) heart tumours in four patients with tuberous sclerosis; f) acute leukaemia in one patient with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease; g) kidney tumour in one case with triventricular hydrocephaly, and h) adrenocortical tumour: hemihypertrophy. The publications included the tumours diagnosed in different pediatric periods and without unified criteria to classify the congenital abnormalities. Little data

Interpreting neonatal nursing care from the parents' experiences viewpoint Interpretación del cuidado de enfermería neonatal desde las experiencias y vivencias de los padres; Interpretação do cuidado da enfermagem neonatal partindo das experiências e vivências dos pais

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RUIZ DE CÁRDENAS CARMEN HELENA

2008-12-01

hospitalización del neonato. 3. Expectativas de los padres frente al cuidado del neonato. 4. Comunicación asertiva. 5. Los padres aprenden de las(os enfermeras(os. Los testimonios y el análisis de cada una de estas categorías permiten un acercamiento a la interpretación de lo que es el cuidado de enfermería para los padres de los neonatos hospitalizados, a partir de sus experiencias y vivencias. En opinión de los autores, resalta el surgimiento de dos categorías muy importantes para enfermería, que se deben seguir explorando en otro tipo de investigaciones: "los padres aprenden de las enfermeras" y "comunicación asertiva".O objetivo é "interpretar as experiências e vivências dos pais dos neonatos em torno ao cuidado de enfermagem fornecido aos filhos na unidade de cuidado intensivo neonatal (UCIN do Hospital Universitário da Samaritana (HUS". Esse é um levantamento qualitativo, descritivo e experimental. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semi-estruturada que serviu como orientação para obter os testemunhos dos pais e mães dos neonatos hospitalizados. Da análise da informação coletada com base em cada uma das perguntas, identificamos códigos substantivos, que foram compilados objetivando a formação de categorias. Dessa compilação saíram cinco categorias: 1. Dificuldades no desempenho das funções dos pais. 2. Impacto ante a hospitalização do neonato. 3. Expectativas dos pais a respeito do cuidado do neonato. 4. Comunicação assertiva. 5. Os pais aprendem das(os enfermeiras(os. Os testemunhos e a análise de cada uma das categorias permitem atingir uma abordagem no tocante à interpretação do significado de cuidado de enfermagem para os pais dos neonatos hospitalizados, baseado em suas experiências e vivências. Na opinião dos autores, é importante salientar o surgimento de duas categorias muito relevantes para a enfermagem, que devem continuar sendo levantadas em outro tipo de pesquisas: "os

El impacto de la inmigración en la sociedad receptora

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CARLOTA SOLÉ

2000-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta un modelo para analizar el impacto de la inmigración teniendo en cuenta los condicionantes materiales y los factores institucionales que inciden, mediatizados por los medios de comunicación de masas, en tres dimensiones: la seguridad ciudadana, la identidad cultural y la competencia por los recursos, de la sociedad receptora. Si bien este modelo se diseñó para llevar a cabo el análisis comparativo del impacto de la inmigración en cuatro países del sur de Europa (España, Grecia, Italia, Portugal, el presente artículo recoge los resultados obtenidos para el caso español.

Búsqueda de índices de impacto alternativos al JCR

OpenAIRE

Biblioteca Universitaria. Unidad de Gestión de Publicaciones Periódicas

2011-01-01

Los índices biométricos In-recs, In-recj e In-rech complementan la información obtenida en la base de datos JCR (Journal Citation Reports) con respecto a las publicaciones españolas, proporcionando el índice de impacto de estas publicaciones.

O impacto do uso de ADRs sobre o valor de empresas brasileiras : um estudo de evento

OpenAIRE

Miyazaki, Joel

2010-01-01

Investiga o impacto do uso de ADRs sobre o valor de empresas brasileiras e a eficiência do mercado de capitais. Aborda as hipóteses que podem explicar este impacto e compara os resultados deste estudo com os de outras pesquisas efetuadas no Brasil e sobre ações de outros países.

IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE LOS CONTAMINANTES PROVENIENTES DE AGUAS RESIDUALES DE FEED-LOT SOBRE AGUAS SUBTERRÁNEAS

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Walter M. Glessi

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se investigó el impacto de los contaminantes de efluentes líquidos generados por doce feedlot del sudeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, con el objeto de determinar los aspectos significativos sobre la vulnerabilidad de las aguas subterráneas. Se utilizó la Guía metodológica de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental propuesta por Conesa (2010 partiendo de do ce Estudios de Impacto Ambiental y analizando como influye la actividad sobre el agua subterránea. Se analizó la dimensión de los establecimientos partiendo del número de animales, el tipo de suelo, profundidad freática y tipo de práctica (estacional o continua, así como las doce matrices de impacto en la emisión de contaminantes sobre el medio físico agua. Se obtuvo que los parámetros de mayor incidencia son: el grado de Destrucción, el área de influencia, el momento de manifestación del efecto y la regularidad de la manifestación.

Neonatal mortality in Utah.

Science.gov (United States)

Woolley, F R; Schuman, K L; Lyon, J L

1982-09-01

A cohort study of neonatal mortality (N = 106) in white singleton births (N = 14,486) in Utah for January-June 1975 was conducted. Using membership and activity in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon) as a proxy for parental health practices, i.e., tobacco and alcohol abstinence, differential neonatal mortality rates were calculated. The influence of potential confounding factors was evaluated. Low activity LDS members were found to have an excess risk of neonatal death five times greater than high activity LDS, with an upper bound of a two-sided 95% confidence interval of 7.9. The data consistently indicate a lower neonatal mortality rate for active LDS members. Non-LDS were found to have a lower rate than either medium or low activity LDS.

Social and environmental impact of the bioclimatic design; Impacto social y ambiental del diseno bioclimatico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez P, J. Manuel A; Morrillon G, David; Rodriguez V, Luis [Instituto de Ingenieria de la UNAM, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

2000-07-01

This article is about two important scopes of the Bioclimatical Design (BD), the Social scope and the environmental scope. As an introduction, it is justified the importance of this topic through the association of the BD in the context of sustainability with our country's economic model. The analysis is done under the perspective of effects of the BD on social and environmental scopes. In social scope is used the Cost and Benefit Analysis according to social evaluation. In environmental scope, effects in water, air and ground are studied, but the measurement is done according to the emissions reduction of CO{sub 2} on atmosphere because of the earn on energy consumption. The results of the measurement of this effects are related with economical costs and benefits, which may show a general view about economical, social and environmental scopes. As conclusions, interest results are show and this is proposed to incorporate them in the economical politics. [Spanish] En este articulo se tocan dos aspectos importantes del Diseno Bioclimatico (DB), el Impacto Social y el Impacto Ambiental. En la introduccion se justifica la importancia del tema, asociando el DB en el contexto de la sustentabilidad, con el modelo economico que se ha imperado en nuestro pais. El estudio se realiza bajo la perspectiva de los impactos que el DB tiene en el aspecto social y en el ambiental. En lo social, se recurre a la metodologia del Analisis Costo-Beneficio para evaluacion Social, en lo ambiental, aunque se tocan los puntos de impacto en aire, agua y uso de suelo, la medicion del impacto se realiza con base en la disminucion de emisiones de CO{sub 2} a la atmosfera por el ahorro en el consumo de energia electrica. Los resultados de la medicion de impactos se cruzan con los costos y beneficios economicos, para presentar un panorama completo en cuanto a aspectos economicos, sociales y ambientales. En las conclusiones se rescatan los resultados de interes y se proponen las inserciones de

Fatores de impacto de publicações psiquiátricas e produtividade científica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elkis Helio

1999-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Mostrar que alguns índices bibliométricos, como o Fator de Impacto (FI e a análise de citações, são úteis para avaliação da repercussão científica de publicações psiquiátricas. Tais índices podem também ser empregados na avaliação de produtividade científica individual. MÉTODOS: Os fatores de impacto de periódicos psiquiátricos dos anos de 1995 e 1997 foram obtidos através do "Journal of Citation Reports". As curvas de distribuição foram analisadas através de histogramas e gráficos tipo caixa (box-plots. As médias das avaliações de 1995 e 1997 foram comparadas através do teste de soma de postos de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: As curvas de distribuição dos fatores de impacto em 1995 e 1997 mostraram não obedecer a uma distribuição normal. A média de ambas as avaliações girou em torno de 1,5. Houve um aumento significativo na média dos fatores de impacto de 1995 para 1997 ( Wilcoxon W=57 p=0,026. Três periódicos mantiveram os seus fatores de impacto várias vezes acima da média geral em ambas as avaliações ("outliers": "Archives of General Psychiatry", "American Journal of Psychiatry" e "Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology". CONCLUSÕES: Os fatores de impacto são os melhores índices para avaliação do desempenho científico de publicações psiquiátricas. No entanto, no caso de avaliações da produtividade científica individual, esta também deve ser avaliada através de uma análise de citações.

Predictors of positive blood culture and deaths among neonates with suspected neonatal sepsis in a tertiary hospital, Mwanza- Tanzania

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Jeremiah Seni

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Appropriate clinical diagnosis and empirical treatment in a given setting is crucial as pathogens of bacterial sepsis and antibiotic sensitivity pattern can considerably vary in different settings. This study was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC, Tanzania to determine the prevalence of neonatal sepsis, predictors of positive blood culture, deaths and antimicrobial susceptibility, thus providing essential information to formulate a policy for management of neonatal sepsis. Methods This was a prospective cross sectional study involving 300 neonates admitted at BMC neonatal unit between March and November 2009. Standard data collection form was used to collect all demographic data and clinical characteristics of neonates. Blood culture was done on Brain Heart Infusion broth followed by identification of isolates using conventional methods and testing for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. Results Among 770 neonates admitted during the study period; 300 (38.9% neonates were diagnosed to have neonatal sepsis by WHO criteria. Of 300 neonates with clinical neonatal sepsis 121(40% and 179(60% had early and late onset sepsis respectively. Positive blood culture was found in 57 (47.1% and 92 (51.4% among neonates with early and late onset neonatal sepsis respectively (p = 0.466. Predictors of positive blood culture in both early and late onset neonatal sepsis were inability to feed, lethargy, cyanosis, meconium stained liquor, premature rupture of the membrane and convulsion. About 49% of gram negatives isolates were resistant to third generation cephalosporins and 28% of Staphylococcus aureus were found to be Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA. Deaths occurred in 57 (19% of neonates. Factors that predicted deaths were positive blood culture (p = 0.0001, gram negative sepsis (p = 0.0001 and

NEONATAL TOBACCO SYNDROME

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R.A.Kireev

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of the research is to study neonatal adaptation in new-born children from the tobacco abused mothers. A comparative analysis of clinical and neuroendochnal status and lipid metabolism in new-born children from smoking and non-smoking mothers was carried out Neonatal adaptation disorders were revealed in new-born children from the smoking mothers.

Terapia intensiva neonatal e pediátrica no Rio de Janeiro: distribuição de leitos e análise de eqüidade Neonatal and pediatric intensive care in Rio de Janeiro: distribution of beds and analysis of equity

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ARNALDO PRATA BARBOSA

2002-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Identificar as UTIs pediátricas do Rio de Janeiro, número de leitos, distribuição geográfica, natureza pública ou privada, tipo de atendimento e de hospital, estudar a demanda da população e elaborar propostas de melhoria na eqüidade. MÉTODOS: Foram visitadas todas as UTIs do Estado, de julho de 97 a junho de 98, levantado o número de leitos e tempo médio de permanência. Com essas informações e dados do IBGE, estabeleceu-se a necessidade de leitos e a comparação entre oferta e demanda por regiões, formulando-se propostas de melhoria na eqüidade. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 80 UTIs (excluídas seis, totalizando 1.080 leitos; 60% intensivos e 40% semi-intensivos; 57% públicos e 43% privados; 52% em UTIs neonatais exclusivas, 14% em pediátricas e 34% em mistas (65% leitos neonatais, totalizando 791 leitos neonatais (73%. A maioria das UTIs (75% situava-se em hospitais gerais, 20% em maternidades ou hospitais materno-infantis e somente 5% eram centros universitários; a maioria na região metropolitana (89%, com 93% dos leitos para 74% da população infantil, dos quais a maioria na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (76%, com 73% dos leitos para 37% da população, enquanto que no interior existem apenas oito unidades (11% e 79 leitos (7% para 26% da população. CONCLUSÕES: Não há eqüidade na distribuição e no acesso aos leitos disponíveis, com carência no setor público e excesso no privado, grande concentração na região metropolitana e somente 5% das UTIs em hospitais universitários, propondo-se medidas de redistribuição e alocação de novos leitos em regiões mais carentes, associada à criação de uma central de vagas e sistema eficiente de transporte e referência.OBJECTIVES: To identify the pediatric ICUs at Rio de Janeiro, number of beds, geographical distribution, public or private nature, type of hospital and assistance, studying population demand and to propose measures for improving equity

Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu dan Kematian Neonatal

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Desy Fitri Yani

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Indonesia bersama seluruh negara berkembang berupaya mencapai kesepakatan Millenium Development Goals (MDGs dengan salah satu sasaran menurunkan angka kematian neonatal dari 20 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup menjadi 15 per 1.000 kelahiran hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan pelayanan kesehatan ibu dengan kematian neonatal di Kabupaten Lampung Timur tahun 2011. Penelitian dengan desain studi kasus kontrol ini mengamati kasus ibu yang mengalami kematian neonatal dan kontrol ibu yang tidak mengalami kematian neonatal. Analisis multivariat menemukan pelayanan antenatal dan pertolongan persalinan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kematian neonatal, setelah mengendalikan variabel umur ibu dan riwayat kehamilan (OR = 16,32; nilai p = 0,000; dan (OR = 18,36; nilai p = 0,31. Bayi yang dilahirkan dari Ibu dengan pelayanan antenatal tidak lengkap berisiko mengalami kematian neonatal 16,32 dan 18,36 kali lebih besar daripada bayi yang dilahirkan. Ibu dengan pelayanan antenatal lengkap dan penolong persalinan profesional. Tidak ada hubungan penolong persalinan dengan kematian neonatal, setelah mengontrol variabel pelayanan antenatal, umur ibu, riwayat kehamilan, riwayat penyakit, dan riwayat persalinan. Disarankan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan antenatal dengan memerhatikan faktor umur ibu dan riwayat persalinan, mengembangkan kegiatan audit maternal perinatal serta meningkatkan keterampilan petugas penolong persalinan. All developing countries including Indonesia seek to reach agreement the Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s. It is objectives include reducing neonatal mortality by 25 percent from 20 per 1,000 live birth to 15 per 1,000 live births. This study aimed to determine the relationship of maternal health services with neonatal mortality in East Lampung District in 2011. This study used case control design to compare between the groups of mother whom have neonatal deaths (cases and neonatal life (control in East Lampung District in

Impacto de la cadena productiva de la quinua en el distrito de Cabana

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Flores Ortega, Ada Luz

2011-01-01

La investigación se realizó para analizar el impacto de la cadena productiva de la quinua en el distrito de Cabana región Puno. Se aplicó un cuestionario para medir las características socio económicas, tomando una muestra de 39 productores de quinua. Se ha analizado la cadena comercializadora y la estructura de la cadena productiva de la quinua. Los resultados fueron que existe un impacto directo de los componentes de la cadena productiva de la quinua en el distrito de Cabana; llegándose a l...

Interpretation of neonatal chest radiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoon, Hye Kyung

2016-01-01

Plain radiographs for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit are obtained using the portable X-ray equipment in order to evaluate the neonatal lungs and also to check the position of the tubes and catheters used for monitoring critically-ill neonates. Neonatal respiratory distress is caused by a variety of medical or surgical disease conditions. Clinical information about the gestational week, respiratory symptoms, and any events during delivery is essential for interpretation of the neonatal chest radiographs. Awareness of common chest abnormality in the prematurely born or term babies is also very important for chest evaluation in the newborn. Furthermore, knowledge about complications such as air leaks and bronchopulmonary dysplasia following treatment are required to accurately inform the clinicians. The purpose of this article was to briefly review radiographic findings of chest diseases in newborns that are relatively common in daily practice

Interpretation of neonatal chest radiography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoon, Hye Kyung [Dept. of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

Plain radiographs for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit are obtained using the portable X-ray equipment in order to evaluate the neonatal lungs and also to check the position of the tubes and catheters used for monitoring critically-ill neonates. Neonatal respiratory distress is caused by a variety of medical or surgical disease conditions. Clinical information about the gestational week, respiratory symptoms, and any events during delivery is essential for interpretation of the neonatal chest radiographs. Awareness of common chest abnormality in the prematurely born or term babies is also very important for chest evaluation in the newborn. Furthermore, knowledge about complications such as air leaks and bronchopulmonary dysplasia following treatment are required to accurately inform the clinicians. The purpose of this article was to briefly review radiographic findings of chest diseases in newborns that are relatively common in daily practice.

Radiation doses and risks to neonates undergoing common radiographic examinations in the neonatal intensive care unit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McParland, B.J.; Lee, R.

1996-01-01

Neonates in the-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) can receive large numbers of radiographs owing to the clinical conditions they may present. More neonatal radiation dosimetry data are required for three fundamental reasons: (1.) to aid in the establishment of reference dose levels for interinstitutional comparisons; (2.) to improve childhood cancer risk estimates following neonatal exposure; and (3.) to indicate appropriate directions for dose reduction. This paper describes an investigation of two different NICU radiological techniques with significantly different neonate doses. While patient-matched images taken with both techniques were assessed in a blind review, this component of the study is beyond the scope of this paper and is not discussed here. (author)

Cerrando la brecha entre los cuidados paliativos y los cuidados intensivos Bringing the GAP between palliative care and intensive care

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María Gálvez González

2010-09-01

Full Text Available El envejecimiento de la población ha traído consigo un cambio en el tipo de enfermedades subyacentes que padecen los usuarios de los servicios sanitarios, y ha elevado sustancialmente la tasa de mortalidad de los servicios de medicina intensiva de los países desarrollados. Esta circunstancia ha incentivado la inclusión de herramientas típicas de la medicina paliativa (centrada en el confort del paciente en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (centradas en la curación. La inclusión de estas herramientas no está resultando tarea fácil, puesto que al imperativo tecnológico dominante en este tipo de unidades, se le suman los condicionamientos sociales y culturales de la época moderna. En este artículo se presenta la perspectiva fenomenológica de la muerte en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, vista por una enfermera con experiencia en el campo de la medicina paliativa. En su narración se entrecruzan las creencias, vivencias y sentimientos que estas dos disciplinas han suscitado en la informante.The ageing of the population has introduced a change in the type of underlying diseases of the clients of the health services, and has increased substantially the mortality rate in the units of intensive care in the developed countries. This event has increased the need of including tools and specific care of palliative medicine (cantered in providing patient comfort in the intensive care units (which were aimed to heal. The incorporation of these tools is not turning out to be an easy as this area has been very technological, and now a days has to take into account the modern, cultural and social changes. This article presents the phenomenological perspective of death in the intensive care units, as seen by a nurse with experience in palliative care. In her story we can see the beliefs, feelings and experiences that these two disciplines have awoken in this informer.

Sensibilidad antimicrobiana de la microbiota ambiental de las unidades de cuidados intensivos de un hospital peruano

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José Díaz-Tello

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de detectar y determinar la sensibilidad antimicrobiana de bacilos Gram negativos y cocos Gram positivos aislados de la microbiota ambiental de los servicios de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI de Neonatología, de Pediatría y de la Unidad de trasplantes (renal, hepático y general en un hospital de Lima; se tomaron 80 muestras de superficies inanimadas usando hisopado húmedo. Se identificaron 61 cepas bacterianas que correspondieron a Staphylococcus epidermidis (46,0%, Alcaligenes sp. (21,3%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16,4%, Acinetobacter sp. (13,1% Staphylococcus aureus (1,6% y Staphylococcus haemolyticcus (1,6%. Acinetobacter y Pseudomonas aeruginosa mostraron una elevada sensibilidad a los antibióticos evaluados, en contraste Alcaligenes sp. y Staphylococcus epidermidis presentaron la mayor resistencia antimicrobiana. Staphylococcus epidermidis y Alcaligenes sp. fueron las bacterias que presentaron mayor resistencia a los antibióticos y las que mayormente se aislaron. Se recomienda recurrir a métodos de asepsia y monitoreo sostenidos en las UCI.

Inventario de necesidades de los familiares de los pacientes egresados de la unidad de cuidado intensivo

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Dianne Sofía González-Escobar

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Identificar las necesidades de los familiares de los pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidado intensivo de una institución de salud. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal. Se entrevistaron a 144 familiares que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Para la recolección de información se empleó el Inventario de Necesidades y Estresores de Familiares en Terapia Intensiva. Resultados: La necesidad de información fue catalogada por el 95.1% de los familiares como muy importante, y Al analizar el grado de satisfacción de las 43 necesidades, se constató que el 96.5% de los familiares señala todas las necesidades como muy importantes. Conclusiones El reconocimiento e inclusión de la familia de los pacientes en los procesos de atención demanda cambios fundamentales en la visión y en la organización de las instituciones de salud.

Impactos del turismo sostenible sobre la población local

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Amparo Sancho Pérez

2005-11-01

Full Text Available El turismo sostenible hace hincapié en el manejo adecuado y equilibrado de los recursos, la preservación del patrimonio cultural y tradiciones de las comunidades, posibilitando el enriquecimiento de la calidad de vida de la población local. La percepción de este concepto aun es un tema desconocido este concepto aun es un tema desconocido para los actores que intervienen en el sector, muchos conceptos han sido motivo de distorsión por lo cual es relevante establecer cuáles son los parámetros bajo los cuales se desarrolla el turismo sostenible y cuáles son las consecuencias de este turismo sobre la población local. El turismo es uno de los sectores que mayor impacto generan en la población por lo cual la sostenibilidad exige un proceso de análisis e investigación en los destinos involucrados, un estudio que permita establecer criterios, normas y parámetros para que estos sean competitivos y sus recursos tengan viabilidad en el presente y futuro. Surge un cuestionamiento acerca de la sostenibilidad sociocultural, generando un debate sobre la sostenibilidad económica. Del mismo modo, se analizan los efectos socioculturales del turismo en las comunidades locales, el impacto en la forma de vida de la población local, capacidades de carga e indicadores. Para esto, se plantean varios modelos que permiten medir estos impactos en varios escenarios.

TICs en las PYMES de Centroamérica: Impacto de la adopción de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

TICs en las PYMES de Centroamérica: Impacto de la adopción de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Book cover TICs en las PYMES de Centroamérica: Impacto de la adopción de las tecnologías. Auteur(s) : Ricardo Monge-González, Cindy Alfaro-Azofeifa, and José I. Alfaro-Chamberlain. Maison(s) ...

RISK FACTORS IN NEONATAL ANAEROBIC INFECTIONS

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M. S. Tabib

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Anaerobic bacteria are well known causes of sepsis in adults but there are few studies regarding their role in neonatal sepsis. In an attempt to define the incidence of neonatal anaerobic infections a prospective study was performed during one year period. A total number of 400 neonates under sepsis study were entered this investigation. Anaerobic as well as aerobic cultures were sent. The patients were subjected to comparison in two groups: anaerobic culture positive and anaerobic culture negative and this comparison were analyzed statistically. There were 7 neonates with positive anaerobic culture and 35 neonates with positive aerobic culture. A significant statistical relationship was found between anaerobic infections and abdominal distention and pneumonia. It is recommended for those neonates with abdominal distention and pneumonia refractory to antibiotic treatment to be started on antibiotics with anaerobic coverage.

Morbilidad asociada a la edad gestacional en neonatos prematuros tardíos Gestational age-associated morbidity in late preterm neonates

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Luís Alfonso Mendoza Tascón

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: comparar la morbilidad a corto plazo, intervenciones, estancia hospitalaria y los costos de prematuros de 34 semanas, con prematuros mayores a 34 semanas (35-36 semanas, hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de la Fundación Hospital San José de Buga, Colombia, entre el 19 de septiembre de 2005 y el 18 de septiembre de 2011. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, con 40 recién nacidos de 34 semanas de gestación y 129 de 35-36. Se evaluaron factores materno-neonatales y terapias aplicadas. El análisis incluyó estadísticas descriptivas y análisis bivariado. Para las asociaciones se empleó el riesgo relativo con su intervalo de confianza de 95 %, así como la prueba de chi² de Pearson de independencia. Resultados: se hallaron morbilidades respiratorias en el 32,5 %, ictericia en el 29 %, morbilidades gastrointestinales en el 13,6 %, metabólicas en el 13,6 %, cardiacas en el 1,8 %, hematológicas en el 1,2 %, e hipotermia y sepsis también en el 1,2 %. La falla renal se produjo en el 0,6 %, sin diferencias estadísticas entre los 2 grupos. Se halló diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p 2 días, administración de nutrición parenteral, horas de oxigenoterapia (> 2 y 5 días, horas de ventilación mecánica y estancia prolongada (> 7 días, y fueron los neonatos de 34 semanas los más afectados. El peso, talla y perímetro cefálico al nacer y egreso, fueron menores en aquellos de 34 semanas, mientras el retardo del crecimiento intrauterino fue superior en los de 35 y 36 semanas (26,4 vs. 7,5 %; RR: 1,3; IC 95 %: 1,1-1,5; pObjective: to compare the short-term morbidity, the number of interventions, the length of stay at hospital and the incurred costs between 34-weeks neonates and over-34 weeks newborns, who had been admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of Fundacion Hospital San Jose de Buga in Colombia from September 19th 2005 to September 18th 2011. Methods: retrospective cohort

A moralidade da alocação de recursos no cuidado de idosos no centro de tratamento intensivo The morality of allocating resources to the elderly care in intensive care unit

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Edna Estelita Costa Freitas

2009-12-01

Full Text Available O mundo está envelhecendo. No Brasil e em vários outros países do mundo, mudanças na composição etária da população vêm acompanhadas por um aumento da demanda por tipos de assistência à saúde cujo custo é elevado. Atualmente, alguns conflitos morais são decorrentes da alocação dos recursos públicos em saúde, pois a magnitude das desigualdades sociais e os recursos escassos impõem que as prioridades da gestão pública se fundamentem no conhecimento da situação de saúde e do impacto de políticas, programas, projetos e ações sobre a saúde. Nesse contexto, a medicina intensiva, os gestores e os médicos em terapia intensiva estão sujeitos a conflitos morais, principalmente quanto à justa microalocação de recursos para os idosos no centro de tratamento intensivo. Este trabalho procura rever a situação destes conflitos à luz das ferramentas da bioética.The world is aging. In Brazil, and in several other countries in the world, changes in population's age composition have been accompanied by an increase in demand for types of health care whose cost is high. Actually, some moral conflicts are arising from allocation of public resources for health, because the magnitude of social inequalities in health and limited resources require that priorities for public management are based on knowledge of the health situation and the impact of policies, programs, projects and actions on health. In this context, the intensive medicine, managers and physicians in intensive care are subject to moral conflicts, especially at the fair micro allocation resources for the elderly in the intensive care unit level. This paper attempts to review the situation of conflicts in the light of the tools of bioethics.

Saúde vocal e o impacto na qualidade de vida de estudantes universitários

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Lucíola D'Emery Siqueira

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMO: Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da voz na qualidade de vida e conhecer os cuidados pessoais relacionados à saúde vocal entre estudantes universitários, e, relacionar qualidade de vida e cuidados vocais. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal, com aplicação do protocolo Qualidade de Vida e Voz e um questionário para conhecer os cuidados relacionados à voz em 56 estudantes que participaram de uma intervenção educativa. Resultados: a média dos escores do protocolo foi de médio impacto para os domínios físico (72,45 e global (77,4, baixo impacto para o domínio socioemocional (85. Em relação aos cuidados com a saúde vocal, caracterizaram-se como saberes de senso comum, concentrados em ações da fisiologia das pregas vocais. Não houve diferença estatística do impacto da voz na qualidade de vida entre os estudantes que lecionavam e aqueles que apenas estudavam. Conclusão: o estudo evidenciou que os estudantes não têm grandes problemas com o impacto da voz na sua qualidade de vida. O estudante durante a graduação não dispõe de conhecimentos suficientes em relação aos cuidados com a voz, o que torna fundamental abordar esse tema na formação profissional. Percebeu-se a necessidade de fomentar um processo de conscientização do autocuidado e de reflexões críticas acerca das condições laborais impostas ao professor.

Efectos de la contención en hipoxia percutánea posterior a la aspiración endotraqueal en neonatos Effects of containment on percutaneous hipoxia after endotracheal suctioning in neonates

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Bertha Cecilia Salazar González

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Verificar la efectividad de la contención en el tiempo de recuperación de la hipoxia percutánea de neonatos prematuros con Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria, posterior a la aspiración con y sin bolsa de oxígeno pre-aspiración. La contención es una técnica que limita los movimientos del neonato simulando el ambiente uterino y se propone como ayuda para inducir la relajación en los prematuros. Material y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio de mediciones repetidas con un grupo; cada neonato fue su propio control. Se estudiaron 30 neonatos nacidos entre la semana 26 y 36 de gestación en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal de un Hospital de Seguridad Social de Monterrey, de agosto a diciembre de 2002. Se observaron cuatro procedimientos de aspiración endotraqueal: dos sin contención y dos con contención. Resultados: El peso al nacer de los neonatos osciló entre .790 y 3.275 Kg. De acuerdo con el expediente, 25 de ellos (83.30% presentaron Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria moderado. La prueba de análisis de varianza, F(3,87= 7.77, p Objective: The purpose was to verify the effectiveness of containment using pre-suction oxygen bag versus non pre-suction oxygen bag on recovery time of percutaneous hipoxia values after endotracheal suctioning of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Containment is proposed as an aid to induce relaxation in premature babies; it is a technique that limits a neonate’s movements resembling the uterus environment. Material and methods: A crossover design with one group was used, each neonate serve as its own control. This study was conducted in 30 neonates who had been born between 26 and 36 weeks gestational age, in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Social Security’s Hospital in Monterrey. Each neonate was observed during four suction procedures: two without containment and two with containment. Results: The neonate’s weight ranged from .790 to 3.275Kg., according to

Determinants of neonatal mortality in Indonesia.

Science.gov (United States)

Titaley, Christiana R; Dibley, Michael J; Agho, Kingsley; Roberts, Christine L; Hall, John

2008-07-09

Neonatal mortality accounts for almost 40 per cent of under-five child mortality, globally. An understanding of the factors related to neonatal mortality is important to guide the development of focused and evidence-based health interventions to prevent neonatal deaths. This study aimed to identify the determinants of neonatal mortality in Indonesia, for a nationally representative sample of births from 1997 to 2002. The data source for the analysis was the 2002-2003 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey from which survival information of 15,952 singleton live-born infants born between 1997 and 2002 was examined. Multilevel logistic regression using a hierarchical approach was performed to analyze the factors associated with neonatal deaths, using community, socio-economic status and proximate determinants. At the community level, the odds of neonatal death was significantly higher for infants from East Java (OR = 5.01, p = 0.00), and for North, Central and Southeast Sulawesi and Gorontalo combined (OR = 3.17, p = 0.03) compared to the lowest neonatal mortality regions of Bali, South Sulawesi and Jambi provinces. A progressive reduction in the odds was found as the percentage of deliveries assisted by trained delivery attendants in the cluster increased. The odds of neonatal death were higher for infants born to both mother and father who were employed (OR = 1.84, p = 0.00) and for infants born to father who were unemployed (OR = 2.99, p = 0.02). The odds were also higher for higher rank infants with a short birth interval (OR = 2.82, p = 0.00), male infants (OR = 1.49, p = 0.01), smaller than average-sized infants (OR = 2.80, p = 0.00), and infant's whose mother had a history of delivery complications (OR = 1.81, p = 0.00). Infants receiving any postnatal care were significantly protected from neonatal death (OR = 0.63, p = 0.03). Public health interventions directed at reducing neonatal death should address community, household and individual level factors

NEONATAL CONJUNCTIVITIS AND ITS DRUG SENSITIVITY PATTERN

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Kavitha Thulukkanam

2017-05-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND Neonatal conjunctivitis is eye discharge in neonates and it is a common infection in neonates in the first month of life. Worldwide, the incidence of neonatal conjunctivitis varies from 1% to 33% depending on the socioeconomic status of the people in the region. In India, the incidence varies from region to region from 0.9 to 35%. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single center prospective study. All neonates of age 0-30 days delivered and referred from neonatal ward of Chengalpattu Medical College and Hospital with complaints of eye swelling, redness, conjunctival discharge to the eye department for treatment are included in the study. RESULTS In this study, age group from 0-7 days were most commonly affected by neonatal conjunctivitis. Both eyes were commonly affected together. Neonates born by both LSCS and normal vaginal delivery were almost equally affected. The most common organism found in culture and Gram staining was staphylococci. CONCLUSION Neonatal conjunctivitis is more likely to be acquired postnatally. It acquires during the 1 st week and responds well to local application of antibiotics, which covers common causative bacteria.

Evaluación del estrés y el impacto de la fibromialgia después de autoaplicar técnicas cognitivo-conductuales

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Mónica Teresa González-Ramírez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se diseñaron dos cursos virtuales auto-aplicados para personas con fibromialgia, basados en técnicas cognitivo-conductuales. Los objetivos fueron, (1 Evaluar los resultados del primer curso sobre estrés percibido e impacto de la fibromialgia. (2 Evaluar los resultados del segundo curso, en la disminución de, fallos cotidianos de memoria, pensamientos negativos, catastrofización, e impacto de la fibromialgia. Y (3 comparar niveles de estrés e impacto en las cuatro mediciones (pre-post, ambos cursos. Participaron 22 mujeres en el primero y 8 en el segundo. Se encontró mejoría en estrés percibido e impacto de la fibromialgia después del primer curso. Después del segundo disminuyeron: pensamientos negativos, catastrofización e impacto. Hubo una recaída en el estrés y el impacto entre ambos cursos disminuyendo nuevamente al concluir el segundo.

Neonatal tetanus mortality in coastal Kenya

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjerregaard, P; Steinglass, R; Mutie, D M

1993-01-01

In a house-to-house survey in Kilifi District, Kenya, mothers of 2556 liveborn children were interviewed about neonatal mortality, especially from neonatal tetanus (NNT). The crude birth rate was 60.5 per 1000 population, the neonatal mortality rate 21.1 and the NNT mortality rate 3.1 per 1000 li...... indicates that over the past decade the surveyed area has greatly reduced neonatal and NNT mortality. Possible strategies for accelerated NNT control have been identified by the survey....

Specialist teams for neonatal transport to neonatal intensive care units for prevention of morbidity and mortality.

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, Alvin S M; Berry, Andrew; Jones, Lisa J; Sivasangari, Subramaniam

2015-10-28

Maternal antenatal transfers provide better neonatal outcomes. However, there will inevitably be some infants who require acute transport to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Because of this, many institutions develop services to provide neonatal transport by specially trained health personnel. However, few studies report on relevant clinical outcomes in infants requiring transport to NICU. To determine the effects of specialist transport teams compared with non-specialist transport teams on the risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity among high-risk newborn infants requiring transport to neonatal intensive care. We used the standard search strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2015, Issue 7), MEDLINE (1966 to 31 July 2015), EMBASE (1980 to 31 July 2015), CINAHL (1982 to 31 July 2015), conference proceedings, and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. randomised, quasi-randomised or cluster randomised controlled trials. neonates requiring transport to a neonatal intensive care unit. transport by a specialist team compared to a non-specialist team. any of the following outcomes - death; adverse events during transport leading to respiratory compromise; and condition on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. The methodological quality of the trials was assessed using the information provided in the studies and by personal communication with the author. Data on relevant outcomes were extracted and the effect size estimated and reported as risk ratio (RR), risk difference (RD), number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) or number needed to treat for an additional harmful outcome (NNTH) and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes. Data from cluster randomised trials were not combined for analysis. One trial met the inclusion criteria of this review but was considered ineligible owing to

Correction of Neonatal Hypovolemia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. V. Moskalev

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of hydroxyethyl starch solution (6% refortane, Berlin-Chemie versus fresh frozen plasma used to correct neonatal hypovolemia.Materials and methods. In 12 neonatal infants with hypoco-agulation, hypovolemia was corrected with fresh frozen plasma (10 ml/kg body weight. In 13 neonates, it was corrected with 6% refortane infusion in a dose of 10 ml/kg. Doppler echocardiography was used to study central hemodynamic parameters and Doppler study was employed to examine regional blood flow in the anterior cerebral and renal arteries.Results. Infusion of 6% refortane and fresh frozen plasma at a rate of 10 ml/hour during an hour was found to normalize the parameters of central hemodynamics and regional blood flow.Conclusion. Comparative analysis of the findings suggests that 6% refortane is the drug of choice in correcting neonatal hypovolemia. Fresh frozen plasma should be infused in hemostatic disorders. 

Phototherapy and exchange transfusion for neonatal ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The purpose of this document is to address the current lack of consensus regarding the management of hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates in South Africa. If left untreated, severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia may cause kernicterus and ultimately death and the severity of neonatal jaundice is often underestimated clinically.

Role of massage therapy on reduction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in term and preterm neonates: a review of clinical trials.

Science.gov (United States)

Garg, Bhawan Deep; Kabra, Nandkishor S; Balasubramanian, Haribalakrishna

2017-09-13

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) is one of the leading causes of admissions in nursery throughout the world. It affects approximately 2.4-15% of neonates during the first 2 weeks of life. To evaluate the role of massage therapy for reduction of NNH in both term and preterm neonates. The literature search was done for various randomized control trials (RCTs) by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE. This review included total of 10 RCTs (two in preterm neonates and eight in term neonates) that fulfilled inclusion criteria. In most of the trials, Field massage was given. Six out of eight trials reported reduction in bilirubin levels in term neonates. However, only one trial (out of two) reported significant reduction in bilirubin levels in preterm neonates. Both trials in preterm neonates and most of the trials in term neonates (five trials) reported increased stool frequencies. Role of massage therapy in the management of NNH is supported by the current evidence. However, due to limitations of the trials, current evidences are not sufficient to use massage therapy for the management of NNH in routine practice.

Desenvolvimento sustentável como uma forma de mitigar o impacto negativo da globalização nas comunidades locais

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Bonder, Cintia

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo mostrar alguns impactos da globalização nas comunidades locais e como o desenvolvimento sustentável pode trabalhar estes impactos. Para tanto, apresenta alguns conceitos de globalização e suas correntes de pensamento; trata de discutir o desenvolvimento sustentável e a globalização; e por fim, discute o impacto da globalização nas comunidades locais e como minimizá-los

Estudio de impacto ambiental de explotación minera de bloques de granito

OpenAIRE

Mallo Turnes, Juan

2009-01-01

La finalidad del proyecto es la realización de un estudio de impacto ambiental de una explotación de granito que se situará sobre la localización de la alternativa que resulte ser la de menor impacto ambiental global, solicitando subsecuentemente el pase a concesión de explotación de la misma. Para ello, se incluye en el proyecto toda la información necesaria relacionada con el método de explotación de la cantera, una relación de los parámetros ambientales clave de cada alternativa de localiz...

Situacion de Riesgo con Impacto en Toda la Familia: Embarazo en la Adolescencia

OpenAIRE

Bica, Isabel; Esteves, Inês; Cruz, Sara; Andrade, Ana

2016-01-01

Introdução: A gravidez na adolescência constitui uma situação de risco com impacto em toda a família, podendo gerar crises não apenas na jovem que engravida - em virtude da inexperiência e consequente dificuldade que surge para cuidar de um filho - , como do ponto de vista transgeracional. Objetivos: Aplicar o Modelo Dinâmico de Avaliação e Intervenção Familiar (MDAIF) Figueiredo (2009) e avaliar o impacto dos cuidados de enfermagem numa família em contexto clínico. Métodos: Es...

Opinions regarding neonatal resuscitation training for the obstetric physician: a survey of neonatal and obstetric training program directors.

Science.gov (United States)

Bruno, C J; Johnston, L; Lee, C; Bernstein, P S; Goffman, D

2018-04-01

Our goal was to garner opinions regarding neonatal resuscitation training for obstetric physicians. We sought to evaluate obstacles to neonatal resuscitation training for obstetric physicians and possible solutions for implementation challenges. We distributed a national survey via email to all neonatal-perinatal medicine fellowship directors and obstetrics & gynecology residency program directors in the United States. This survey was designed by a consensus method. Ninety-eight (53%) obstetric and fifty-seven (51%) neonatal program directors responded to our surveys. Eighty-eight percent of neonatologists surveyed believe that obstetricians should be neonatal resuscitation program (NRP) certified. The majority of surveyed obstetricians (>89%) believe that obstetricians should have some neonatal resuscitation training. Eighty-six percent of obstetric residents have completed training in NRP, but only 19% of obstetric attendings are NRP certified. Major barriers to NRP training that were identified include time, lack of national requirement, lack of belief it is helpful, and cost. Most obstetric attendings are not NRP certified, but the majority of respondents believe that obstetric providers should have some neonatal resuscitation training. Our study demonstrates that most respondents support a modified neonatal resuscitation course for obstetric physicians.

Análise fractal da fragmentação por impacto de porcelanas

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C. B. Mvumbi

Full Text Available Resumo As porcelanas são cerâmicas produzidas a partir de matérias-primas naturais (sílica, feldspato e caulim. Em algumas aplicações são adicionadas outras matérias-primas para o aumento da resistência mecânica e dielétrica. Elas são usadas na fabricação de variados produtos, sendo, portanto, muito estudadas e desenvolvidas há muito tempo. Neste trabalho, porcelanas com diferentes composições foram caracterizadas e submetidas à fragmentação por ruptura mecânica em um ensaio de impacto balístico. A ruptura mecânica nos materiais em geral produz uma dissipação de energia formando trincas e superfícies de fratura que tem uma geometria irregular. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi a caracterização da microestrutura e a caracterização fractal da superfície de fratura de porcelanas. Para comparação, os ensaios de impacto também foram feitos em vidro e acrílico comercial. A avaliação da superfície de fratura e da dimensão fractal de ruptura foi feita pela análise da fração de fragmentos em função da probabilidade global de fratura. Os corpos de prova foram preparados na forma de discos cilíndricos, com espessura e diâmetros fixos. O ensaio de impacto mecânico foi feito sobre o centro dos discos, para os diferentes materiais, mantendo-se as mesmas condições de ensaio. Os resultados do tamanho e massa dos fragmentos foram obtidos em função da energia de impacto e do tipo de material. Desta forma, foi possível obter uma correlação entre as condições de ensaio e a composição do material com o padrão de ruptura fractal. Verificou-se que a porcelana nas composições usadas possuiu uma tenacidade ao impacto que se situou entre aquela do vidro e do acrílico. Finalmente foi feita uma correlação entre as propriedades de resistência mecânica com os padrões de trinca formados. Percebeu-se que o número, a forma das trincas e as ramificações formaram um padrão que foi relacionado com a

The effect of high risk pregnancy on duration of neonatal stay in neonatal intensive care unit.

Science.gov (United States)

Afrasiabi, Narges; Mohagheghi, Parisa; Kalani, Majid; Mohades, Gholam; Farahani, Zahra

2014-08-01

High risk pregnancies increase the risk of neonatal mortality and morbidity. In order to identify the influence of pregnancy complications on the period of neonatal stay in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), an analysis has been carried out in our center. In a cross-sectional-descriptive analytical study, the data including NICU length of stay was gathered from 526 medical records of neonates. We also assessed their maternal complications such as premature rapture of membranes (PROM), urinary tract infection (UTI), preeclampsia, oligohydramnios, and twin/triplet pregnancy. Finally we analyzed the relation between variables by SPSS statistics software version 19. The level of significance was considered PUTI (P=0.02), multiple gestation (P=0.03), and oligohydramnios (P=0.003). We found a positive correlation between numbers of gestation and length of NICU stay (P=0.03). A positive correlation existed between neonatal complication and length of NICU stay (P<0.001). By increasing maternal health level and prenatal care services, neonatal outcome can be improved and length of stay in NICUs decreased.

The prevalence of neonatal jaundice and risk factors in healthy term neonates at National District Hospital in Bloemfontein

Science.gov (United States)

2018-01-01

Background Neonatal jaundice affects one in two infants globally. The jaundice is the result of an accumulation of bilirubin as foetal haemoglobin is metabolised by the immature liver. High serum levels of bilirubin result in lethargy, poor feeding and kernicterus of the infant. Aim The main aim of this article was to determine the prevalence of neonatal jaundice and secondly to explore its risk factors in healthy term neonates. Setting Maternity ward, National District Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa. Methods In this cross-sectional study, mothers and infants were conveniently sampled after delivery and before discharge. The mothers were interviewed and their case records were reviewed for risk factors for neonatal jaundice and the clinical appearance and bilirubin levels of the infants were measured with a non-invasive transcutaneous bilirubin meter. Results A total of 96 mother-infant pairs were included in the study. The prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 55.2%; however, only 10% of black babies who were diagnosed with jaundice appeared clinically jaundiced. Normal vaginal delivery was the only risk factor associated with neonatal jaundice. Black race and maternal smoking were not protective against neonatal jaundice as in some other studies. Conclusion More than half (55.2%) of healthy term neonates developed neonatal jaundice. As it is difficult to clinically diagnose neonatal jaundice in darker pigmented babies, it is recommended that the bilirubin level of all babies should be checked with a non-invasive bilirubin meter before discharge from hospital or maternity unit as well as during the first clinic visit on day 3 after birth.

Patologia e clínica de animais exóticos e autóctones

OpenAIRE

Mateus, Inês Farias

2014-01-01

O trabalho apresentado resulta do estágio decorrido de novembro de 2011 a março de 2012 no Parque Biológico de Gaia. Ao longo dos anos, desde o início do comércio intensivo de tartarugas exóticas observou-se a libertação clandestina de muitos destes animais de estimação. A ausência de estudos sobre o estado sanitário destas tartarugas no nosso país e o impacto que a sua libertação provoca na fauna e flora portuguesas, serviu como motivação para o presente estudo, que incidiu sobre a popula...

Bartter syndrome: presentation in an extremely premature neonate.

Science.gov (United States)

Flores, F X; Ojeda, F J; Calhoun, D A

2013-08-01

Reports of Bartter syndrome in premature neonates are rare. We describe the presentation and clinical course of a neonate born at 25.6 weeks estimated gestational age with polyuria, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hypercalciuria ,who was diagnosed with neonatal Bartter syndrome. The evaluation, diagnosis and management of neonatal Bartter syndrome in this premature neonate are discussed.

Impactos socioambientales por la fabricación de ladrillos en Huancayo

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Marisol Condori Apaza

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Identificar los impactos sociales y ambientales generados por el proceso de fabricación de ladrillos en las zonas de Palian y San Agustín de Cajas de la ciudad de Huancayo. Métodos: La investigación fue básica, nivel descriptivo, con diseño de investigación no experimental transversal y enfoque metodológico cuantitativo. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 80 trabajadores de las fábricas de ladrillos de las dos zonas de trabajo. Resultados: La fabricación de ladrillos generó impactos sociales tales como: perjuicios a la salud, 94%; y generación de trabajo, 88%; siendo la mayoría de trabajadores niños. Anteriormente el 64%, se dedicaba a la agricultura; el 14%, a la ganadería; actualmente, el 60% consideró que su estilo de vida ha cambiado desde la fabricación de ladrillos; el 64% de personas que trabajan en las fábricas manifestaron haber sufrido accidentes laborales. Respecto a los impactos ambientales generados por las actividades del proceso de fabricación de ladrillos en las zonas mencionadas; el 54%, indicó que esta actividad es responsable de la baja fertilidad de las tierras agrícolas; el 81% consideró que antes de la fabricación de los ladrillos se respiraba aire menos contaminado; el 68% afirmó que anteriormente a dicha actividad, consumían agua menos contaminada; el 86%, manifestó que la fauna y la flora se alteró; el 61%, consideró que el nivel de ruido se ha incrementado. Conclusiones: El proceso de fabricación de ladrillos en el distrito de San Agustín de Cajas y el anexo de Palian generó impactos sociales, fundamentalmente en las actividades económicas, por lo tanto cambiando su estilo de vida; asimismo, afectó significativamente a diversos ecosistemas.

Adaptação cultural e validação para a língua portuguesa da Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU Adaptación cultural y validación al idioma português del Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU Cultural adaptation and validation for the portuguese language of the Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU

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Sandra Regina de Souza

2012-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Traduzir, realizar a adaptação cultural e validar a escala Parental Stress Scale:Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU para a língua portuguesa. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se o método descritivo de validação de instrumentos de medida, baseado nas etapas propostas por Guillemin et al. A análise da confiabilidade foi realizada por meio dos testes e retestes e da consistência interna. Na validação clínica, participaram 163 pais de recém-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN. RESULTADOS: Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse ficaram em torno de 0,70 mostrando boa estabilidade entre as duas avaliações. A análise fatorial pelo método de componentes principais utilizou os mesmos critérios da escala original, com rotação Varimax, com grau de variância adequado de 57,9%. Os maiores níveis de estresse dos pais foram obtidos na subescala "alteração do papel de pais". CONCLUSÃO: A PSS:NICU na versão em português é uma ferramenta válida e confiável para avaliação do estresse de pais com filho internado na UTIN.OBJETIVO: Traducir, realizar la adaptación cultural y validar la escala Parental Stress Scale:Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS:NICU al idioma portugués. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó el método descriptivo de validación de instrumentos de medida, basado en las etapas propuestas por Guillemin et al. El análisis de la confiabilidad fue realizado por medio de los tests y retests y de la consistencia interna. En la validación clínica, participaron 163 padres de recién nacidos internados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN. RESULTADOS: Los coeficientes de correlación intraclase quedaron alrededor de 0,70 mostrando buena estabilidad entre las dos evaluaciones El análisis factorial por el método de componentes principales utilizó los mismos criterios de la escala original, con rotación Varimax, con grado de varianza adecuado de 57,9%. Los mayores niveles de estrés de

Valoración del síndrome de burnout en la salud de las enfermeras de cuidados intensivos del Hospital Eugenio Espejo Julio – Septiembre de 2014

OpenAIRE

Acurio Acurio, Hilda Petrona; Córdoba Benavides, María Eugenia

2015-01-01

Contexto: El síndrome de Burnout ha sido definido como una respuesta al estrés laboral crónico, se desarrolla entre los profesionales que prestan sus servicios a través de una relación directa y mantenida con las personas, entre los que se encuentran todos los profesionales de la salud. El objetivo de este trabajo fue Identificar la presencia del Síndrome de Burnout en la salud de las enfermeras de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Eugenio Espejo de la ciudad de Quito. Diseño: Es...

Impacto económico del sector cerámico en San José de Cúcuta (Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johanna Milena Mogrovejo Andrade

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad determinar el impacto económico de las empresas del sector cerámico en la ciudad de San José Cúcuta (Colombia en el periodo 2008-2011. Se utilizó como instrumento un cuestionario estructurado aplicado a los empresarios del sector. Igualmente, se efectuaron entrevistas a directivos de organizaciones gremiales. El impacto económico se analizó siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Soto y Bergoeing (1998, Arbeláez y Sandoval (2006 y Molina, Coronado y Rivera (2008. Se concluye que este sector, en el periodo estudiado, presentó gran impacto económico, en particular en lo relativo al nivel de empleo, el aporte en impuestos al municipio, el consumo intermedio y el valor agregado.

Neonates with reduced neonatal lung function have systemic low-grade inflammation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chawes, Bo L.K.; Stokholm, Jakob; Bønnelykke, Klaus

2015-01-01

Background: Children and adults with asthma and impaired lung function have been reported to have low-grade systemic inflammation, but it is unknown whether this inflammation starts before symptoms and in particular whether low-grade inflammation is present in asymptomatic neonates with reduced...... lung function. ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the possible association between neonatal lung function and biomarkers of systemic inflammation.  Methods: Plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL8 (IL-8) were measured at age 6 months in 300 children.......  Results: The neonatal forced expiratory volume at 0.5 seconds was inversely associated with hs-CRP (β-coefficient, −0.12; 95% CI, −0.21 to −0.04; P approach, including hs-CRP, IL-6...

Analysis of In-hospital Neonatal Death in the Tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in China: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Chen-Hong Wang; Li-Zhong Du; Xiao-Lu Ma; Li-Ping Shi; Xiao-Mei Tong; Hong Liu; Guo-Fang Ding

2016-01-01

Background:Globally,the proportion of child deaths that occur in the neonatal period remains a high level of 37-41％.Differences of cause in neonate death exist in different regions as well as in different economic development countries.The specific aim of this study was to investigate the causes,characteristics,and differences of death in neonates during hospitalization in the tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of China.Methods:All the dead neonates admitted to 26 NICUs were included between January 1,2011,and December 31,2011.All the data were collected retrospectively from clinical records by a designed questionnaire.Data collected from each NICU were delivered to the leading institution where the results were analyzed.Results:A total of 744 newborns died during the l-year survey,accounting for 1.2％ of all the neonates admitted to 26 NICUs and 37.6％ of all the deaths in children under 5 years of age in these hospitals.Preterm neonate death accounted for 59.3％ of all the death.The leading causes of death in preterm and term infants were pulmonary disease and infection,respectively.In early neonate period,pulmonary diseases (56.5％) occupied the largest proportion ofpreterm deaths while infection (27％) and neurologic diseases (22％) were the two main causes of term deaths.In late neonate period,infection was the leading cause of both preterm and term neonate deaths.About two-thirds of neonate death occurred after medical care withdrawal.Of the cases who might survive if receiving continuing treatment,parents' concern about the long-term outcomes was the main reason of medical care withdrawal.Conclusions:Neonate death still accounts for a high proportion of all the deaths in children under 5 years of age.Our study showed the majority of neonate death occurred in preterm infants.Cause of death varied with the age of death and gestational age.Accurate and prompt evaluation of the long-term outcomes should be carried out to guide the critical

El impacto emocional del dolor y la enfermedad

OpenAIRE

Hoyos, Graciela; Castillo, Alejandro; Fundación Valle de Lili

2008-01-01

El impacto emocional del dolor y la enfermedad/ ¿Qué es el dolor?/ Modelo multidimensional en el dolor crónico/ Adaptación del paciente al dolor/ Estrategias de adaptación/ Cambios de estilos de vida/ Expectativas y evaluaciones personales/ Relaciones laborales familiares y sociales/ Depresión y dolor crónico/ Somatización y dolor crónico/ Tratamiento/ Farmacoterapia/ Psicoterapia

Determinants of neonatal mortality in Indonesia

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Agho Kingsley

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Neonatal mortality accounts for almost 40 per cent of under-five child mortality, globally. An understanding of the factors related to neonatal mortality is important to guide the development of focused and evidence-based health interventions to prevent neonatal deaths. This study aimed to identify the determinants of neonatal mortality in Indonesia, for a nationally representative sample of births from 1997 to 2002. Methods The data source for the analysis was the 2002–2003 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey from which survival information of 15,952 singleton live-born infants born between 1997 and 2002 was examined. Multilevel logistic regression using a hierarchical approach was performed to analyze the factors associated with neonatal deaths, using community, socio-economic status and proximate determinants. Results At the community level, the odds of neonatal death was significantly higher for infants from East Java (OR = 5.01, p = 0.00, and for North, Central and Southeast Sulawesi and Gorontalo combined (OR = 3.17, p = 0.03 compared to the lowest neonatal mortality regions of Bali, South Sulawesi and Jambi provinces. A progressive reduction in the odds was found as the percentage of deliveries assisted by trained delivery attendants in the cluster increased. The odds of neonatal death were higher for infants born to both mother and father who were employed (OR = 1.84, p = 0.00 and for infants born to father who were unemployed (OR = 2.99, p = 0.02. The odds were also higher for higher rank infants with a short birth interval (OR = 2.82, p = 0.00, male infants (OR = 1.49, p = 0.01, smaller than average-sized infants (OR = 2.80, p = 0.00, and infant's whose mother had a history of delivery complications (OR = 1.81, p = 0.00. Infants receiving any postnatal care were significantly protected from neonatal death (OR = 0.63, p = 0.03. Conclusion Public health interventions directed at reducing neonatal death should

Impacto económico de los hoteles: aplicación en la ciudad de Sevilla

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Miryam González Limón

2010-01-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad existe un creciente interés por cuantificar el impacto económico generado por algún sector productivo o actividad económica sobre la economía nacional, regional o local. Por ello, en este artículo se van a analizar los beneficios económicos vinculados a la existencia de los hoteles de la ciudad de Sevilla, como parte fundamental del sector turístico. El objetivo es cuantificar la relevancia económica del sector de hoteles en Sevilla. Por impacto económico se entiende el efecto que produce un sector económico sobre la producción, la renta y el empleo en una determinada área geográfica y durante un período de tiempo. Dentro del impacto económico podemos diferenciar, por una parte los elementos cuantitativos, y por otra, los cualitativos.

SIETE DE CADA DIEZ; O EL VERDADERO FACTOR DE IMPACTO

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Roberto Polanco - Carrasco

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Fragmento...En breve, comenzará a cobrar cada vez más importancia, contar por parte de las revistas seriadas de psicología, con un índice de factor de impacto (FI, así como la necesidad de que las mismas figuren en bases de datos a nivel mundial. El factor de impacto es el número de veces que se cita por término medio un artículo publicado en una revista determina este calculo lo realiza el Instituto de Información Científica ISI (siglas en inglés,conocido actualmente como Thomson ISI. Por medio de este indicador se mide tanto la productividad de una determinada revista como la de los autores, medida muy importante a la hora de acceder a titularidades académicas y fondos de investigación....... Para el 2009 en Chile se estima que siete de cada diez estudiantes que ingresen a la educación superior serán de primera generación, es decir ellos serán la primera generación de sus familias en acceder a este nivel de la enseñanza. Lo anterior, no debe distar mucho de la realidad de otros países de la región. Si bien no se discute que mayor acceso a la educación superior sea un gran avance desde el punto de vista del desarrollo nacional y personal, no es menos cierto que esta cifra se transforma en un poderoso factor de impacto.

The challenges of neonatal magnetic resonance imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arthurs, Owen J.; Graves, Martin J.; Lomas, David J.; Edwards, Andrea; Austin, Topun

2012-01-01

Improved neonatal survival rates and antenatal diagnostic imaging is generating a growing demand for postnatal MRI examinations. Neonatal brain MRI is now becoming standard clinical care in many settings, but with the exception of some research centres, the technique has not been optimised for imaging neonates and small children. Here, we review some of the challenges involved in neonatal MRI, including recent advances in overall MR practicality and nursing practice, to address some of the ways in which the MR experience could be made more neonate-friendly. (orig.)

Susceptibility weighted imaging of the neonatal brain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meoded, A.; Poretti, A.; Northington, F.J.; Tekes, A.; Intrapiromkul, J.; Huisman, T.A.G.M.

2012-01-01

Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a well-established magnetic resonance technique, which is highly sensitive for blood, iron, and calcium depositions in the brain and has been implemented in the routine clinical use in both children and neonates. SWI in neonates might provide valuable additional diagnostic and prognostic information for a wide spectrum of neonatal neurological disorders. To date, there are few articles available on the application of SWI in neonatal neurological disorders. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and describe the characteristic SWI findings in various typical neonatal neurological disorders.

Susceptibility weighted imaging of the neonatal brain

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Meoded, A.; Poretti, A. [Division of Pediatric Radiology and Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (United States); Northington, F.J. [Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (United States); Tekes, A.; Intrapiromkul, J. [Division of Pediatric Radiology and Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (United States); Huisman, T.A.G.M., E-mail: thuisma1@jhmi.edu [Division of Pediatric Radiology and Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (United States)

2012-08-15

Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a well-established magnetic resonance technique, which is highly sensitive for blood, iron, and calcium depositions in the brain and has been implemented in the routine clinical use in both children and neonates. SWI in neonates might provide valuable additional diagnostic and prognostic information for a wide spectrum of neonatal neurological disorders. To date, there are few articles available on the application of SWI in neonatal neurological disorders. The purpose of this article is to illustrate and describe the characteristic SWI findings in various typical neonatal neurological disorders.

Ictericia Neonatal

OpenAIRE

Blanco de la Fuente, María Isabel

2014-01-01

El motivo que ha llevado a la realización de este trabajo fin de grado sobre el tema de la ICTERICIA NEONATAL se debe a la elevada frecuencia de su aparición en la población. Un porcentaje elevado de RN la padecen al nacer siendo, en la mayor parte de los casos, un proceso fisiológico resuelto con facilidad debido a una inmadurez del sistema hepático y a una hiperproducción de bilirrubina. La ictericia neonatal es la pigmentación de color amarillo de la piel y mucosas en ...

Laser Photoradiation Therapy For Neonatal Jaundice

Science.gov (United States)

Hamza, Mostafa; Hamza, Mohammad

1987-04-01

This paper describes our leading experience in the clinical application of laser in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Currently, the irradiation of jaundiced infants during neonatal life to fluorescent light is the most common treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The authors have investigated the photodegradation of bilirubin by laser in vitro and in Gunn rats before embarking on its clinical application in the treatment of jaundice in the new born child. This work was done to study the theraputic effect of laser compared to the currently used phototherapy in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. We selected 16 full term neonates with jaundice to be the subject of this study. The neonates of the study were devided into two groups. The first group was treated with continuous phototherapy . The second group recieved photoradiation therapy with gas laser The laser used was a CW argon-ion laser tuned to oscillate at 488.0 nm wavelength. This wavelength selection was based on our previous studies on the effect of laser irradiation of Gunn rats at different wavelengths. Comparison of the results of both methods of treatment will be reported in detail. The advantages and limitations of laser photoradiation therapy for neonatal jaundice will be discussed.

MRI of neonatal encephalopathy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khong, P.L.; Lam, B.C.C.; Tung, H.K.S.; Wong, V.; Chan, F.L.; Ooi, G.C.

2003-01-01

We present the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in neonatal encephalopathy, including hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, perinatal/neonatal stroke, metabolic encephalopathy from inborn errors of metabolism, congenital central nervous system infections and birth trauma. The applications of advanced MRI techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy are emphasized

Neonatal resuscitation: advances in training and practice

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Sawyer T

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Taylor Sawyer, Rachel A Umoren, Megan M Gray Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Neonatal Education and Simulation-based Training (NEST Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA Abstract: Each year in the US, some four hundred thousand newborns need help breathing when they are born. Due to the frequent need for resuscitation at birth, it is vital to have evidence-based care guidelines and to provide effective neonatal resuscitation training. Every five years, the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR reviews the science of neonatal resuscitation. In the US, the American Heart Association (AHA develops treatment guidelines based on the ILCOR science review, and the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP translates the AHA guidelines into an educational curriculum. In this report, we review recent advances in neonatal resuscitation training and practice. We begin with a review of the new 7th edition NRP training curriculum. Then, we examine key changes to the 2015 AHA neonatal resuscitation guidelines. The four components of the NRP curriculum reviewed here include eSim®, Performance Skills Stations, Integrated Skills Station, and Simulation and Debriefing. The key changes to the AHA neonatal resuscitation guidelines reviewed include initial steps of newborn care, positive-pressure ventilation, endotracheal intubation and use of laryngeal mask, chest compressions, medications, resuscitation of preterm newborns, and ethics and end-of-life care. We hope this report provides a succinct review of recent advances in neonatal resuscitation. Keywords: neonatal resuscitation, Neonatal Resuscitation Program, NRP, simulation, deliberate practice, debriefing, eSIM

Avaliação dos Impactos Econômicos do Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Nordeste entre 2004 e 2010

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Guilherme Mendes Resende

2014-01-01

Este artigo visa avaliar os impactos econômicos do Fundo Constitucional de Financiamento do Nordeste (FNE). A abordagem utilizada neste estudo combina avaliações em várias escalas geográficas que fornecem resultados robustos acerca dos impactos dos empréstimos do FNE sobre o crescimento do produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita entre 2004 e 2010. Os resultados das estimações dos modelos em painel de efeito fixo mostraram que os recursos do FNE-total apresentaram impactos positivos sobre o cre...

Acute symptomatic neonatal seizures in preterm neonates: etiologies and treatments.

Science.gov (United States)

Pisani, Francesco; Spagnoli, Carlotta

2017-12-15

Acute symptomatic neonatal seizures in preterm newborns are a relevant clinical challenge due to the presence of many knowledge gaps. Etiology-wise, acute symptomatic seizures have an age-specific epidemiology, with intraventricular hemorrhage and its complications representing the first cause in extremely and very preterm neonates, whereas other etiologies have similar occurrence rates as in full-term infants. Specific treatment strategies for the premature neonates are not yet available. Studies suggest a similarly low response rate with even more unfavorable prognosis than in full-term infants. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic changes are likely under way during the preterm period, with the potential to affect both effectiveness and safety of antiepileptic drugs in these patients. However, due to the lack of clear evidence to guide prioritization of second-line drugs, off-label medications are frequently indicated by review papers and flow-charts, and are prescribed in clinical practice. We therefore conclude by exploring potential future lines of research. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Procedural pain in neonatal units in Kenya.

Science.gov (United States)

Kyololo, O'Brien Munyao; Stevens, Bonnie; Gastaldo, Denise; Gisore, Peter

2014-11-01

To determine the nature and frequency of painful procedures and procedural pain management practices in neonatal units in Kenya. Cross-sectional survey. Level I and level II neonatal units in Kenya. Ninety-five term and preterm neonates from seven neonatal units. Medical records of neonates admitted for at least 24 h were reviewed to determine the nature and frequency of painful procedures performed in the 24 h period preceding data collection (6:00 to 6:00) as well as the pain management interventions (eg, morphine, breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, containment, non-nutritive sucking) that accompanied each procedure. Neonates experienced a total of 404 painful procedures over a 24 h period (mean=4.3, SD 2.0; range 1-12); 270 tissue-damaging (mean=2.85, SD 1.1; range 1-6) and 134 non-tissue-damaging procedures (mean=1.41, SD 1.2; range 0-6). Peripheral cannula insertion (27%) and intramuscular injections (22%) were the most common painful procedures. Ventilated neonates and neonates admitted in level II neonatal units had a higher number of painful procedures than those admitted in level I units (mean 4.76 vs 2.96). Only one procedure had a pain intensity score documented; and none had been performed with any form of analgesia. Neonates in Kenya were exposed to numerous tissue-damaging and non-tissue-damaging procedures without any form of analgesia. Our findings suggest that education is needed on how to assess and manage procedural pain in neonatal units in Kenya. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Definición de los sectores económicos intensivos en conocimiento a partir de la clasificación que hace la OCDE y el análisis del nivel de cualificación de los trabajadores: análisis para Catalunya

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Chica Mejía, Juan Eduardo

2011-01-01

Definición de los sectores económicos intensivos en conocimiento a partir de la clasificación que hace la OCDE y el análisis del nivel de cualificación de los trabajadores. Análisis para Catalunya

Método da árvore temporal modificada aplicado à análise de impactos ambientais: um estudo de caso

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Moscardi, Jean Prost [UNESP

2009-01-01

O Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA), por muitas vezes sub-estimados em seu valor, apresenta-se apenas como um capítulo no Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) sem o devido reconhecimento e grau de relevância. O objetivo do presente estudo foi à proposição de um novo método de avaliação de impactos ambientais, no qual, a caracterização e formatação apresentaram-se direcionadas ao público leigo e distinto dos profissionais que realizam os trabalhos ambientais, porém, de grande relevância em pr...

Será rir o melhor remédio? O impacto do clima de humor na satisfação laboral e no desempenho

OpenAIRE

Viana, Cátia Sofia Cardoso

2015-01-01

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário Este estudo tem como objetivo fornecer evidências empíricas adicionais acerca do impacto do Clima de Humor na Satisfação Laboral e no Desempenho. Para este fim hipotetizou-se (1) um impacto positivo do Clima de Humor Positivo na Satisfação Laboral e no Desempenho; (2) um impacto negativo do Clima de Humor Negativo na Satisfação Laboral e no Desempenho; (3) um impacto negativo do Clima de Humor sobre a Gestão na Satisfaçã...

MODELADO DE PROCESOS DE TRABAJO INTENSIVOS EN CONOCIMIENTO. UNA APLICACIÓN EN LA INDUSTRIA DEL SOFTWARE CUBANA

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Carlos Rolando Macías Gelabert

2009-09-01

Full Text Available

En este documento se propone un método general para el modelado de procesos de trabajo intensivos en conocimiento, donde se establece la necesidad de integrar los esfuerzos de mejoramiento de flujos de trabajo y del conocimiento. Se plantean criterios para la selección del proceso utilizando enfoques cualitativos, su análisis a través de la matriz de la estructura de diseño y el modelado genérico de actividades, que contribuyen a determinar la dependencia y estructuración del conocimiento en las actividades, respectivamente. Estas herramientas permiten identificar factores a considerar para la toma de decisiones de mejoramiento en dichos procesos de trabajo. El método fue aplicado en una organización cubana de la industria del software.

El primer encuentro del padre con el bebé prematuro en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales

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Fernanda Martins Castro

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Describir el primer encuentro del padre con el hijo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN y analizar el significado de este momento en la perspectiva de los padres. Método: estudio cualitativo, con ocho padres de niños prematuros, a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Los datos se analizaron a través del análisis temático. Resultados: Surgieron tres núcleos temáticos: "primer encuentro con hijo prematuro: sentimientos paternales y emociones", "construcción de la relación entre los profesionales y los padres de los recién nacidos a partir del primer encuentro" y reconocimiento de la paternidad en el contexto de la UCIN. Conclusión: El primer encuentro del padre con su hijo en la UCIN provoca sentimientos y sorpresa, dolor, incertidumbre, alegría y esperanza. El equipo de salud debe estar preparado para brindar apoyo emocional, información y establecer una comunicación efectiva desde la primera visita.

Impacto psicológico del maltrato infantil en la sociedad

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Prieto Valderrábano, Lorena

2015-01-01

La autora presenta en este trabajo el maltrato infantil, los tipos de maltrato y sus múltiples consecuencias, el impacto psicosocial que acarrea este acto y el proceso de detección y la evaluación que realiza el psicólogo en estos casos

The value of neonatal autopsy.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

Hickey, Leah

2012-01-01

Neonatal autopsy rates were in decline internationally at the end of the last century. Our objective was to assess the current value of neonatal autopsy in providing additional information to families and healthcare professionals.

Bupivacaine versus lidocaine analgesia for neonatal circumcision

OpenAIRE

Stolik-Dollberg, Orit C; Dollberg, Shaul

2005-01-01

Abstract Background Analgesia for neonatal circumcision was recently advocated for every male infant, and its use is considered essential by the American Academy of Pediatrics. We compared the post-operative analgesic quality of bupivacaine to that of lidocaine for achieving dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) when performing neonatal circumcision. Methods Data were obtained from 38 neonates following neonatal circumcision. The infants had received DPNB analgesia with either lidocaine or bupivac...

Parents' experiences with neonatal home care following initial care in the neonatal intensive care unit: a phenomenological hermeneutical interview study.

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Dellenmark-Blom, Michaela; Wigert, Helena

2014-03-01

A descriptive study of parents' experiences with neonatal home care following initial care in the neonatal intensive care unit. As survival rates improve among premature and critically ill infants with an increased risk of morbidity, parents' responsibilities for neonatal care grow in scope and degree under the banner of family-centred care. Concurrent with medical advances, new questions arise about the role of parents and the experience of being provided neonatal care at home. An interview study with a phenomenological hermeneutic approach. Parents from a Swedish neonatal (n = 22) home care setting were extensively interviewed within one year of discharge. Data were collected during 2011-2012. The main theme of the findings is that parents experience neonatal home care as an inner emotional journey, from having a child to being a parent. This finding derives from three themes: the parents' experience of leaving the hospital milieu in favour of establishing independent parenthood, maturing as a parent and processing experiences during the period of neonatal intensive care. This study suggests that neonatal home care is experienced as a care structure adjusted to incorporate parents' needs following discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit. Neonatal home care appears to bridge the gap between hospital and home, supporting the family's adaptation to life in the home setting. Parents become empowered to be primary caregivers, having nurse consultants serving the needs of the whole family. Neonatal home care may therefore be understood as the implementation of family-centred care during the transition from NICU to home. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An agent based architecture for high-risk neonate management at neonatal intensive care unit.

Science.gov (United States)

Malak, Jaleh Shoshtarian; Safdari, Reza; Zeraati, Hojjat; Nayeri, Fatemeh Sadat; Mohammadzadeh, Niloofar; Farajollah, Seide Sedighe Seied

2018-01-01

In recent years, the use of new tools and technologies has decreased the neonatal mortality rate. Despite the positive effect of using these technologies, the decisions are complex and uncertain in critical conditions when the neonate is preterm or has a low birth weight or malformations. There is a need to automate the high-risk neonate management process by creating real-time and more precise decision support tools. To create a collaborative and real-time environment to manage neonates with critical conditions at the NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) and to overcome high-risk neonate management weaknesses by applying a multi agent based analysis and design methodology as a new solution for NICU management. This study was a basic research for medical informatics method development that was carried out in 2017. The requirement analysis was done by reviewing articles on NICU Decision Support Systems. PubMed, Science Direct, and IEEE databases were searched. Only English articles published after 1990 were included; also, a needs assessment was done by reviewing the extracted features and current processes at the NICU environment where the research was conducted. We analyzed the requirements and identified the main system roles (agents) and interactions by a comparative study of existing NICU decision support systems. The Universal Multi Agent Platform (UMAP) was applied to implement a prototype of our multi agent based high-risk neonate management architecture. Local environment agents interacted inside a container and each container interacted with external resources, including other NICU systems and consultation centers. In the NICU container, the main identified agents were reception, monitoring, NICU registry, and outcome prediction, which interacted with human agents including nurses and physicians. Managing patients at the NICU units requires online data collection, real-time collaboration, and management of many components. Multi agent systems are applied as

Neonatal tetanus associated with skin infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Maharaj, M; Dungwa, N

2016-08-03

A 1-week-old infant was brought to a regional hospital with a history of recurrent seizures following lower abdominal septic skin infection. She was found to have neonatal tetanus, and a spatula test was positive. The tetanus infection was associated with a superficial skin infection, common in neonates. Treatment included sedatives (diazepam, chlorpromazine, phenobarbitone and morphine), muscle relaxants, antibiotics and ventilation in the neonatal intensive care unit. Intrathecal and intramuscular immunoglobulin were given, and the wound was treated. The infant recovered, with no seizures by the 16th day from admission, and was off the ventilator by the 18th day. This was shorter than the usual 3 - 4 weeks for neonates with tetanus at the hospital. The question arises whether tetanus immunisation should be considered in infants with skin infections, which frequently occur in the neonatal period.

Perinatal pharmacology: applications for neonatal neurology.

Science.gov (United States)

Smits, Anne; Allegaert, Karel

2011-11-01

The principles of clinical pharmacology also apply to neonates, but their characteristics warrant a tailored approach. We focus on aspects of both developmental pharmacokinetics (concentration/time relationship) and developmental pharmacodynamics (concentration/effect relationship) in neonates. We hereby aimed to link concepts used in clinical pharmacology with compound-specific observations (anti-epileptics, analgosedatives) in the field of neonatal neurology. Although in part anecdotal, we subsequently illustrate the relevance of developmental pharmacology in the field of neonatal neurology by a specific intervention (e.g. whole body cooling), specific clinical presentations (e.g. short and long term outcome following fetal exposure to antidepressive agents, the development of new biomarkers for fetal alcohol syndrome) and specific clinical needs (e.g. analgosedation in neonates, excitocytosis versus neuro-apoptosis/impaired synaptogenesis). Copyright © 2011 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geographical Accessibility to Obstetric and Neonatal Care and its Effect on Early Neonatal Mortality in Colombia, 2012-2014

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Fernando Rojas Gualdrón

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Introduction: The distribution of health resources influences early neonatal mortality, granting access to obstetric care which is a major public health problem. However, the geographical dimension of this influence has not been studied in Colombia. Objective: To describe the geographical accessibility to obstetric and neonatal care beds and its association with early neonatal mortality in Colombia and its municipalities. Method:An ecological study at municipal level was carried out. Ordinary least squares (OLS regression and a geographically weighted regression (GWR were used to explore statistical and spatial associations. Results: The municipalities in Colombia with Higher mortality tend to have lower geographical accessibility to obstetric and neonatal beds after controlling the fertility and economic characteristics of these municipalities. This association is significant only in municipalities of the west coast. The strength of this association decreases in inner municipalities. Discussion: The centralization of obstetric and neonatal beds in major municipalities around the central region leaves municipalities with high risk of mortality underserved. The decentralization of obstetric and neonatal healthcare resources is a mandatory issue in order to reduce geographical disparities in mortality and to improve neonatal survival, and a healthy beginning of life.

Clinical practice: neonatal resuscitation. A Dutch consensus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van den Dungen, F.A.M.; van Veenendaal, M.B.; Mulder, A.L.M.

2010-01-01

The updated Dutch guidelines on Neonatal Resuscitation assimilate the latest evidence in neonatal resuscitation. Important changes with regard to the 2004 guidelines and controversial issues concerning neonatal resuscitation are reviewed, and recommendations for daily practice are provided and

Factores que influyen sobre la aparición de infecciones hospitalarias en los pacientes de cuidados intensivos Factors influencing hospital infection in patients in the intensive care unit

OpenAIRE

Aurora Llanos-Méndez; Carmen Díaz-Molina; José Luis Barranco-Quintana; Visitación García-Ortúzar; Rafael Fernández-Crehuet

2004-01-01

Objetivo: La acumulación de factores de riesgo en los pacientes atendidos en el hospital es uno de los elementos que condicionan el aumento de la infección nosocomial y su mayor frecuencia en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Nuestro objetivo es la identificación de los factores de riesgo de la infección nosocomial en la UCI de nuestro hospital. Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio de cohortes prospectivo sobre los 1.134 pacientes ingresados, al menos durante 24 h en dicha UCI durante el a...

Impactos, vulnerabilidad y adaptación al Cambio Climático en los bosques ibéricos.

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Asier Herrero

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Se han registrado numerosos impactos relacionados con el cambio climático en los bosques ibéricos que pueden cambiar la composición, estructura y funcionamiento de los mismos. Es importante considerar que los efectos del cambio climático interactúan comúnmente con otros motores de cambio, dificultando de esta manera la cuantificación de la contribución del cambio climático en los impactos observados. Entre los impactos registrados encontramos alteraciones fisiológicas, fenológicas, demográficas y de distribución, las cuales a su vez pueden provocar cambios en la composición, estructura y funcionamiento de los ecosistemas forestales ibéricos. A medida que el cambio climático avance, y las condiciones climáticas se alejen cada vez más de las actuales, se espera un aumento de los impactos observados. En este contexto, se hace necesario evaluar correctamente la vulnerabilidad de poblaciones, especies y ecosistemas frente al cambio climático futuro para poder diseñar y aplicar medidas de adaptación eficaces que minimicen los impactos y favorezcan el proceso de ajuste a las nuevas condiciones. La aplicación de las medidas de adaptación debe enmarcarse en una gestión adaptativa y anticipadora, que fomente la colaboración activa entre todos los actores involucrados en la gestión e investigación de los bosques ibéricos.

Estudio experimental de la respuesta de la rama de café ante la aplicación de impacto mecánico.

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García Galeano Eduard Alberto

2001-09-01

Full Text Available En CENICAFÉ se estudió el efecto de la aplicación de impacto mecánico sobre la rama, para lo cual se desarrolló y evaluó un prototipo a nivel de laboratorio que permita aplicar impacto en un punto de la rama para desprender mecánicamente el café. Se sometió la rama a la aplicación de impacto durante 6 segundos, probando distintos puntos, frecuencias y fuerzas de excitación, midiendo con la ayuda de sensores de desplazamiento y aceleración el efecto que el impacto genera sobre la rama. Encontrándose que la excitación por impacto genera un régimen de vibración transitorio y que al restringir el movimiento de una rama en su extremo libre e impactar en un punto medio, se obtiene una mejor transmisión de la vibración y un desprendimiento más efectivo de los frutos a lo largo de esta, alcanzando un desprendimiento del 90 % de los frutos maduros presentes en la rama con porcentajes de frutos verdes en la masa cosechada del 23% y tiempo óptimo de operación recomendado de 2,5 s en promedio para los mejores tratamientos observados. Adicionalmente con la ayuda de una cámara de video, se estudió el movimiento de los frutos cuando fueron sometidos a impacto, observándose los modos pendular y basculante a los cuales se les atribuye el desprendimiento de los frutos maduros, además que la mayor cantidad de frutos se desprenden en los primeros ciclos de aplicación del impacto.

Tratamiento con azlocillin y amikacina en sepsis neonatal por staphylococcus haemolyticus multirresistente

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María Espino Hernández

2000-03-01

Full Text Available El estafilococo coagulasa negativa es actualmente un importante patógeno nosocomial y agente causal de infección en el neonato. Cepas multirresistentes comúnmente aisladas de recién nacidos sometidos a cuidados intensivos dificultan la terapéutica, por lo que se hace necesario el empleo de combinaciones antibióticas que garanticen un efecto antibacteriano más eficiente. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos en un paciente con bronconeumonía adquirida por Staphylococcus haemolyticus multirresistente y que fue sometido a tratamiento combinado de azlocillin y amikacina. Se estudió el patrón de resistencia de la cepa para 30 antibióticos por métodos de difusión y dilución, así como la efectividad in vitro de la combinación antibiótica aplicada por el método del «tablero de ajedrez». Se observó en los resultados in vitro una marcada potencialización de la actividad aminoglucosídica por la presencia del antibiótico beta-lactámico, resultado que se correspondió con una excelente respuesta in vivo.Negative-coagulase Staphyloccocus, is at present time an important nosocomial pathogen and a causal agent of neonatal infection. Multirresistant strains commonly isolated from newborn under intensive care, make difficult treatment, so it is necessary use of antibiotic combination to assure a more efficient antibacterial effect. We present results obtained in a patient presenting with acquired bronchopneumonia from multirresistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus who received a combination of Azlocillin and Amikacin. Resistance pattern to this strain was studied by diffusion and dilution methods, as well as in vitro effectiveness of antibiotic combination, applied by "Chequerboard" method. In in vitro results, we found a significant potentiation of aminoglucoside activity by presence of Beta-lactamic antibiotic, result corresponding to an in vivo excellent response.

Neonatal and infantile acne vulgaris: an update.

Science.gov (United States)

Serna-Tamayo, Cristian; Janniger, Camila K; Micali, Giuseppe; Schwartz, Robert A

2014-07-01

Acne may present in neonates, infants, and small children. Neonatal and infantile acne vulgaris are not considered to be rare. The presentation of acne in this patient population sometimes represents virilization and may portend later development of severe adolescent acne. Neonatal and infantile acne vulgaris must be distinguished from other cutaneous disorders seen in newborns and infants. Infantile acne tends to be more pleomorphic and inflammatory, thus requiring more vigorous therapy than neonatal acne.

Providing safe surgery for neonates in sub-Saharan Africa.

Science.gov (United States)

Ameh, Emmanuel A; Ameh, Nkeiruka

2003-07-01

Advances in neonatal intensive care, total parenteral nutrition and improvements in technology have led to a greatly improved outcome of neonatal surgery in developed countries. In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, however, neonatal surgery continues to pose wide-ranging challenges. Delivery outside hospital, delayed referral, poor transportation, and lack of appropriate personnel and facilities continue to contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in neonates, particularly under emergency situations. Antenatal supervision and hospital delivery needs to be encouraged in our communities. Adequate attention needs to be paid to providing appropriate facilities for neonatal transport and support and training of appropriate staff for neonatal surgery. Neonates with surgical problems should be adequately resuscitated before referral where necessary but surgery should not be unduly delayed. Major neonatal surgery should as much as possible be performed by those trained to operate on neonates. Appropriate research and international collaboration is necessary to improve neonatal surgical care in the environment.

Sepsis procedente de la comunidad en cuidados intensivos: Factores de riesgo

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Pilar Legón Blasco

2000-03-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio prospectivo y transversal en pacientes sépticos ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del hospital "Dr. Ángel Arturo Aballí" con los criterios de sepsis procedente de la comunidad en un período de 18 meses, comprendido desde septiembre de 1996 hasta marzo de 1998, con el objetivo de analizar la frecuencia de factores de riesgo asociados con la infección. Se evaluaron 70 pacientes que cumplían los criterios antes mencionados. Se tomó en la comunidad un grupo control de niños sanos. En los resultados se encontró que los factores asociados con la sepsis fueron: el sexo masculino (p=0,002, RR=2,7, la no lactancia materna (p=0,01, RR=3,3, la malnutrición por defecto (p=0,04, RR=2,1, el hacinamiento (p=0,0008, RR=2,4, el hábito de fumar (p=0,02, RR=2,4 y la mala higiene (p=0,01, RR=1,5.A prospective and crossover study was carried out in patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU of "Dr. Angel Arturo Aballí" Hospital where criteria of sepsis came from community for a period of 18 months, September 1996 to March 1998, to analyze frequency of risk factors associated with infection. We assessed 70 patients who fulfiled criteria above mentioned. Healthy children were control group. By findings, we found that factors associated with sepsis included: male sex (p=0.002, RR=2.7, non-breast feeding (p=0.01, RR=3.3, malnutrition by defect (p=0.04, RR=2.1, crowding (p=0.0008, RR= 2.4, smoking (p=0.02, RR=2.4, and a poor hygiene (p=0.01, RR=1.5.

EVALUACION DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL EN OBRAS VIALES

OpenAIRE

Wilfredo Martínez D.

2014-01-01

El presente artículo es escrito, con el propósito de proporcionar elementos técnicos que contribuyan para orientar a los equipos de trabajo multidisciplinario, en valorar objetivamente los impactos ambientales provocados por la construcción de obras civiles y que suscitan el interés del dominio público y profesionales en la materia. Para ello hemos contado con la experiencia acumulada en instituciones gubernamentales y de índole privado y con nuestra experiencia profesional, en la construcció...

Neonatal pressure ulcers: prevention and treatment

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García-Molina P

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Pablo García-Molina,1,2 Alba Alfaro-López,1 Sara María García-Rodríguez,1 Celia Brotons-Payá,1 Mari Carmen Rodríguez-Dolz,1,2 Evelin Balaguer-López1,2 1Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 2Research Group of Pediatric Nutrition, INCLIVA Foundation, Valencia, Spain Abstract: Health professionals should be prepared to respond to the needs of hospitalized neonates. The health team must consider multiple situations, where the neonate is at risk of having an adverse effect. One of the main interventions that health professionals must practice when interacting with hospitalized newborns is skin care. Neonates often suffer from diaper rash or intravenous drugs extravasation. Recently, hospitalized neonates and especially those in an unstable clinical situation are also at a risk of developing pressure ulcers. The presence of a pressure ulcer in a neonate can lead to serious problems to survival (eg, sepsis, clinical instability. This is the reason why, with this literature review, we attempt to answer questions from health professionals caring for neonates about the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Keywords: infant, pressure ulcer, treatment, prevention, wound, assessment

Imaging approach to persistent neonatal jaundice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kirks, D.; Coleman, R.E.; Filston, H.C.; Rosenberg, E.R.; Merten, D.F.

1984-01-01

Fifteen patients with persistent neonatal jaundice were evaluated by sonography and radionuclide scintigraphy. The sonographic features of both neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia are nonspecific. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy after phenobarbital pretreatment in patients with neonatal hepatitis demonstrates normal hepatic extraction and delayed tracer excretion into the gastrointestinal tract. If there is neonatal hepatitis with severe hepatocellular damage, the hepatic extraction of tracer activity is decreased and excretion may be delayed or absent. Patients under 3 months of age with biliary atresia have normal hepatic extraction of tracer with no excretion into the gastrointestinal tract. Sonography in patients with a choledochal cyst shows a cystic mass in the porta hepatis with associated bile-duct dilatation. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy confirms that the choledochal cyst communicates with the biliary system. Initial sonography demonstrates hepatobiliary anatomy; subsequent phenobarbital-enhanced radionuclide scintigraphy determines hepatobiliary function. An expedient diagnostic approach is recommended for the evaluation of persistent neonatal jaundice

A PEARL Study Analysis of National Neonatal, Early Neonatal, Late Neonatal, and Corrected Neonatal Mortality Rates in the State of Qatar during 2011: A Comparison with World Health Statistics 2011 and Qatar's Historic Data over a Period of 36 Years (1975-2011).

Science.gov (United States)

Rahman, Sajjad; Al Rifai, Hilal; El Ansari, Walid; Nimeri, Nuha; El Tinay, Sarrah; Salameh, Khalil; Abbas, Tariq; Jarir, Rawia A; Said, Nawal; Taha, Samer

2012-10-01

To prospectively ascertain Qatar's national Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR), Early Neonatal Mortality Rate (ENMR), and Late Neonatal Mortality Rate (LNMR) during 2011, compare it with recent data from high-income countries, and analyze trends in Qatar's NMR's between 1975 and 2011 using historic data. A National prospective cohort-study. National data on live births and neonatal mortality was collected from all public and private maternity facilities in Qatar (1(st) January-December 31(st) 2011) and compared with historical neonatal mortality data (1975-2010) ascertained from the database of maternity and neonatal units of Women's Hospital and annual reports of Hamad Medical Corporation. For inter country comparison, country data of 2009 was extracted from World Health Statistics 2011 (WHO) and the European Perinatal Health report (2008). A total of 20583 live births were recorded during the study period. Qatar's national NMR during 2011 was 4.95, ENMR 2.7, LNMR 2.2, and cNMR 3.33. Between 1975 and 2011, Qatar's population increased by 10-fold, number of deliveries by 7.2 folds while relative risk of NMR decreased by 87% (RR 0.13, 95% CI 0.10-0.18, P<0.001), ENMR by 91% (RR 0.09, 95% CI 0.06-0.12, P<0.001) and LNMR by 58% (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23-0.74, P=0.002). The comparable ranges of neonatal mortality rates from selected high-income West European countries are: NMR: 2-5.7, ENMR 1.5-3.8, and LNMR 0.5-1.9. The neonatal survival in the State of Qatar has significantly improved between 1975 and 2011. The improvement has been more marked in ENMR than LNMR. Qatar's current neonatal mortality rates are comparable to most high-income West European countries. An in-depth research to assess the correlates and determinants of neonatal mortality in Qatar is indicated.

Neonatal orbital abscess

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Khalil M Al-Salem

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Orbital complications due to ethmoiditis are rare in neonates. A case of orbital abscess due to acute ethmoiditis in a 28-day-old girl is presented. A Successful outcome was achieved following antimicrobial therapy alone; spontaneous drainage of the abscess occurred from the lower lid without the need for surgery. From this case report, we intend to emphasize on eyelid retraction as a sign of neonatal orbital abscess, and to review all the available literature of similar cases.

Neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Initial experience of Hospital de São João

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G. Rocha

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this series is to report the initial ECMO experience of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Hospital de São João. The first three clinical cases are reported. Case report 1: a 39 weeks gestational age girl with severe lung hypoplasia secondary to a bilateral congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Case report 2: a 39 weeks gestational age girl with a right congenital diaphragmatic hernia and a tracheal stenosis. Case report 3: a 34 weeks gestational age boy, with 61 days of life, with a Bordetella pertussis pneumonia, severe pulmonary hypertension, shock, hyperleukocytosis and seizures. Resumo: O objetivo desta série é apresentar a experiência inicial da Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais do Hospital de São João com ECMO no recém-nascido. São apresentados os 3 primeiros casos. Caso 1: recém-nascido de 39 semanas de idade gestacional, com hipoplasia pulmonar severa secundária a hérnia diafragmática congénita bilateral. Caso 2: recém-nascido de 39 semanas de idade gestacional, com hérnia diafragmática congénita direita e estenose traqueal. Caso 3: pré-termo de 34 semanas de idade gestacional, sexo masculino, com 61 dias de vida, com pneumonia por Bordetella pertussis, hipertensão pulmonar severa, choque, hiperleucocitose e convulsões. Keywords: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Newborn, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Tracheal stenosis, Bordetella pertussis infection, Palavras-chave: Oxigenação por membrana extracorporal, Recém-nascido, Hérnia diafragmática congénita, Estenose traqueal, Infeção por Bordetella pertussis

Impactos de adoecimento de longa duração: experiência de adultos jovens com Leucemia Mieloide Aguda

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Reni Aparecida Barsaglini

Full Text Available Resumo O presente artigo analisa os impactos materiais e imateriais imersos na experiência de adultos jovens com um adoecimento de longa duração – Leucemia Mieloide Aguda. Decorre de pesquisa mais ampla, inspirada na Fenomenologia de Alfred Schutz. Os dados foram obtidos por entrevistas em profundidade com quatro jovens, de 20 a 28 anos, em fase de manutenção no tratamento oncológico, entre novembro de 2013 a janeiro de 2014, em Mato Grosso. Os resultados enfocam aspectos marcantes dos impactos na experiência como o processo de descoberta da enfermidade em que o diagnóstico provocou sentimentos mobilizados por ideias sobre uma doença grave. Seguem-se os impactos na aparência devidos ao tratamento, sobressaindo a queda de cabelo e as estratégias cotidianas de enfrentamento, bem como o aumento ou a perda de peso. Por fim, é marcante o impacto da iminência da morte diante da letalidade da doença e o testemunho da ocorrência em pessoas conhecidas, colocando-a como possibilidade concreta para si, mas também como sobreviventes. Os impactos são os efeitos e as transformações na vida das pessoas e seu entorno e evocam (re ações, contudo, diluem-se na experiência compondo-a, e não sendo homogênea, sua abordagem privilegia a singularidade inscrita em biografias contextualizadas.

Abdominal surgery in neonatal foals.

Science.gov (United States)

Bryant, James E; Gaughan, Earl M

2005-08-01

Abdominal surgery in foals under 30 days old has become more common with improved neonatal care. Early recognition of a foal at risk and better nursing care have increased the survival rates of foals that require neonatal care. The success of improved neonatal care also has increased the need for accurate diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal, umbilical, and bladder disorders in these foals. This chapter focuses on the early and accurate diagnosis of specific disorders that require abdominal exploratory surgery and the specific treatment considerations and prognosis for these disorders.

Efeito de impactos repetidos de baixa energia em compósitos pultrudados

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Morais Willy Ank de

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Danos internos podem ser gerados em compósitos de matriz polimérica submetidos a impactos de baixa energia. O efeito repetido de eventos desse tipo pode levar, eventualmente, à falha da estrutura. Neste trabalho dois tipos de perfis pultrudados foram submetidos a impactos por queda livre de peso de 0,5 m e 1,0 m de altura. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados em função da disposição das fibras nos perfis e mostram que a existência de uma camada rica em resina em um dos perfis, contribui para reduzir significativamente o desempenho deste perfil. Este comportamento foi associado à formação prematura de trincas na camada rica em resina. O número de eventos de impacto, o tempo de duração de cada choque e a forma da área danificada foram correlacionados com a presença, ou não, da região rica em resina. Os resultados obtidos indicam ainda que a diferença na microestrutura dos perfis analisados é mais significativa para os ensaios de menor energia (queda de 0,5 m. Para os ensaios de maior energia (queda de 1 m a configuração do material teve apenas uma importância secundária.

El impacto geográfico de periódicos científicos

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Getulio Teixeira Batista

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Una característica importante de la calidad de una revista científica es el alcance, no sólo de su temática científica, sino también de su impacto geográfico. De hecho, el sistema principal para la valoración de la calidad de revistas científicas en conexión con el sistema de estudios de pos-graduación usado en Brasil es conocido como “Qualis CAPES”, que cuando clasifica una revista con la calidad A, B o C, también agrega un indicador del impacto geográfico de la revista: Local, Nacional o Internacional. Este sistema de clasificación es usado por varias otras instituciones, sobre todo por las agencias de apoyo a la investigación, por ejemplo, CNPq dónde los comités temáticos usan la clasificación del “Qualis CAPES” para cuantificar la productividad de los Investigadores y de los Grupos de Investigación. Este artículo discute varias posibilidades para la evaluación del impacto geográfico y presenta el mecanismo usado por “Ambiente e Água - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science” (Ambi-Água para el monitoreo de su alcance espacial.

Infección del tracto urinario por uso del catéter vesical en pacientes ingresados en cuidados intensivos

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Susana Virgen Fong Reyes

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal de 37 pacientes con infección urinaria luego de la utilización de catéter vesical, ingresados en la sala de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba desde mayo de 2011 hasta abril de 2012, con vistas a identificar las causas principales que la ocasionaron. Se halló predominio de los hombres mayores de 60 años que permanecieron expuestos al proceder durante más de 15 días (56,7 %, dado principalmente por la existencia de microorganismos en las floras intestinal y ambiental exógena. Por otra parte, los factores que propiciaron la infección estuvieron asociados a la prolongación del cateterismo vesical, al grupo etario (tercera edad, a la presencia de bacteriuria, al sistema abierto de drenaje y a la administración de antibióticos previa aparición de cepas bacterianas multirresistentes

The study of thrombocytopenia in sick neonates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aman, I.; Hassan, K.A.; Ahmad, T.M.

2004-01-01

Objective: To determine the number of cases and manifestations of thrombocytopenia in sick neonates. Subjects and Methods: A total of 365 neonates from 0-28 days of age admitted with different clinical problems irrespective of birth weight and gestational age were evaluated for thrombocytopenia. These neonates were categorized into five different groups (A-E), which were of neonatal infections, asphyxia neonatorum, preterm and smallness for gestational age, jaundice and miscellaneous respectively. Results: Out of 365 cases, 88 were found to have thrombocytopenia (platelet counts < 150,000 per mm/sup 3/) which was 24.1% of the total. In group A (neonatal infections), out of 152 neonates, 62 had low platelet counts (40.78%). In group B (neonatal asphyxia), out of 90 only 11 had thrombocytopenia (12.2%). In group C (preterm and small for gestational age), out of 60 cases only 9 had thrombocytopenia. In group D (jaundice), all 33 cases had normal platelet counts. In group E (miscellaneous), out of 30 cases only 6 had thrombocytopenia. The common manifestations in thrombocytopenic babies were petechiae and bruises followed by gastrointestinal hemorrhages. The percentage of manifest thrombocytopenia cases was 56.8% and of occult thrombocytopenia 43.1 %. Conclusion: The leading causes of thrombocytopenia in sick neonates are infections, asphyxia, complicated pre- maturity and smallness for gestational age. Apart from the platelet counts the bleeding mainfestations also depend upon the underlying ailments. (author)

Estimation of adult and neonatal RBC lifespans in anemic neonates using RBCs labeled at several discrete biotin densities.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuruvilla, Denison J; Widness, John A; Nalbant, Demet; Schmidt, Robert L; Mock, Donald M; An, Guohua; Veng-Pedersen, Peter

2017-06-01

Prior conclusions that autologous neonatal red blood cells (RBC) have substantially shorter lifespans than allogeneic adult RBCs were not based on direct comparison of autologous neonatal vs. allogeneic adult RBCs performed concurrently in the same infant. Biotin labeling of autologous neonatal RBCs and allogeneic adult donor RBCs permits concurrent direct comparison of autologous vs. allogeneic RBC lifespan. RBCs from 15 allogeneic adult donors and from 15 very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonates were labeled at separate biotin densities and transfused simultaneously into the 15 neonates. Two mathematical models that account for the RBC differences were employed to estimate lifespans for the two RBC populations. Mean ± SD lifespan for adult allogeneic RBC was 70.1 ± 19.1 d, which is substantially shorter than the 120 d lifespan of both autologous and adult allogeneic RBC in healthy adults. Mean ± SD lifespan for neonatal RBC was 54.2 ± 11.3 d, which is only about 30% shorter than that of the adult allogeneic RBCs. This study provides evidence that extrinsic environmental factors primarily determine RBC survival (e.g., small bore of the capillaries of neonates, rate of oxygenation/deoxygenation cycles) rather than factors intrinsic to RBC.

El impacto turístico de los eventos deportivos: un estudio de caso

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María Teresa Fernández Alles

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El impacto turístico generado por la celebración de grandes eventos deportivos ha llevado a la creación de una materia de investigación denominada turismo de eventos, centrada en el estudio de las repercusiones turística derivadas de su organización. Particularmente, el objetivo central de esta investigación será analizar el impacto turístico de uno de los eventos deportivos más conocidos del mundo, el Gran Premio de Motociclismo de España, tanto para la localidad sede del mismo, Jerez de la Frontera como para toda Andalucía, referente mundial en la celebración de este tipo de eventos.

Reanimación neonatal: actualización Neonatal resuscitation: up-date

OpenAIRE

E. Burón Martínez; A. Pino Vázquez

2009-01-01

Las últimas recomendaciones en reanimación neonatal fueron publicadas en el año 2005 por el ERC (European Resuscitation Council), el grupo ILCOR (International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation) y la AHA (American Heart Association). En nuestro país estas normas fueron difundidas por el grupo de RCP Neonatal de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología, introduciendo algunas adaptaciones y ampliando algunos capítulos como la reanimación del recién naci...

Pentraxin 3 concentrations of the mothers with preterm premature rupture of membranes and their neonates, and early neonatal outcome.

Science.gov (United States)

Akin, Mustafa Ali; Gunes, Tamer; Coban, Dilek; Ozgun, Mahmut Tuncay; Akgun, Hulya; Kurtoglu, Selim

2015-07-01

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute phase reactant which has been used to detect intra-amniotic infections (IAI) in pregnancy, but the prognostic value of PTX3 concentrations on neonates has not been studied. We aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal PTX3-neonatal PTX3 concentrations and early neonatal outcome. The mothers diagnosed with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) (n = 28) and their preterm infants (n = 28) were included in the study. PTX3 concentrations were studied in plasma in the maternal peripheral blood and umbilical/peripheral vein in the neonates. The relationship between the mPTX3-nPTX3 concentrations and neonatal outcome were investigated using non-parametric tests and binary logistic regression analysis. The mean mPTX3 concentration was 10.35 ± 7.82 μg/L. Ten (35.7%) of all mothers were within the normal range and 18 (64.3%) in high percentile (≥ 97.5 percentile). There was no relation between mPTX3 concentrations and clinical or histologic chorioamnionitis, latency of PPROM, and early neonatal outcome. Mean nPTX3 concentrations was 9.18 ± 7.83 μg/L and high nPTX3 concentrations were detected in five (17.8%) neonates. nPTX3 concentrations were inversely correlated with gestational age and correlated with rate of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and mortality. Neonates with high nPTX3 concentrations also have lowered APGAR scores, increased rate of respiratory distress syndrome, clinical sepsis, IVH, necrotizing enterocolitis and prolonged NICU stay. High PTX3 concentrations of the newborns are associated with some worsened early neonatal outcome including lower gestational age at delivery, increased rate of IVH and mortality. Maternal PTX3 concentrations are not an adequate marker in defining clinical or histologic chorioamnionitis and early neonatal outcome.

Diffusion Weighted Imaging of the Neonatal Brain

NARCIS (Netherlands)

J. Dudink (Jeroen)

2010-01-01

textabstractAlthough in the last decades advances in fetal and neonatal medicine have reduced mortality in neonatal intensive care units in the Western world, the morbidity due to brain injury remains high. Patterns of neonatal brain injury can be roughly divided in (1) term and (2) preterm

Right paratesticular abscess mimicking neonatal testicular torsion ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

U.O. Ezomike

Abstract. The clinical presentation of neonatal paratesticular abscess may closely resemble that of, neonatal testicular torsion and the use of scrotal ultrasonography to differentiate the two has low, sensitivity. We propose early operative treatment of suspected neonatal testicular torsion to salvage, the testicle in cases of ...

Malaria parasite positivity among febrile neonates | Enyuma ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Malaria, earlier considered rare in neonates, has been reported with increasing frequency in the last decade. Neonatal malaria diagnosis is challenging because the clinical features are non-specific, variable and also overlap with bacterial infection. Aim: To determine the prevalence of neonatal malaria and ...

Impactos ambientales en la microcuenca del río Parafuso, Amazonas oriental, Brasil

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Claudia Miranda

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La investigación analizó los impactos ambientales causados por las actividades humanas en la microcuenca del río Parafuso en el municipio de Moju en el Estado de Pará (Brasil. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante herramientas de geoprocesamiento, investigación documental, cuestionarios, entrevistas semi estructuradas, observación directa y la cartografía participativa. Los resultados mostraron que las actividades antropogénicas y de crecimiento de la población sin planificación, combinada con el uso excesivo de los recursos naturales, causan un deterioro grave en los medios físico, biótico y antrópico en la cuenca del río Parafuso. Las fuentes identificadas en esta cuenca son difusas, temporales y han cambiado. La jerarquía del río en el sistema de drenaje es de segundo orden. La mayoría de los impactos ambientales identificados son de de carácter adverso, de gran importancia, de alta magnitude y de duración larga. El medio fisico es el más afectado. En orden de magnitud e importancia, la agricultura es la actividad que hace los principales impactos adversos y duraderos sobre el ambiente físico y el ambiente biológico.

Dosing antibiotics in neonates: review of the pharmacokinetic data.

Science.gov (United States)

Rivera-Chaparro, Nazario D; Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael; Greenberg, Rachel G

2017-09-01

Antibiotics are often used in neonates despite the absence of relevant dosing information in drug labels. For neonatal dosing, clinicians must extrapolate data from studies for adults and older children, who have strikingly different physiologies. As a result, dosing extrapolation can lead to increased toxicity or efficacy failures in neonates. Driven by these differences and recent legislation mandating the study of drugs in children and neonates, an increasing number of pharmacokinetic studies of antibiotics are being performed in neonates. These studies have led to new dosing recommendations with particular consideration for neonate body size and maturation. Herein, we highlight the available pharmacokinetic data for commonly used systemic antibiotics in neonates.

Home delivery and neonatal mortality in North Carolina.

Science.gov (United States)

Burnett, C A; Jones, J A; Rooks, J; Chen, C H; Tyler, C W; Miller, C A

1980-12-19

Neonatal mortality examined by place and circumstances of delivery in North Carolina during 1974 through 1976 with attention given to home delivery. Planned home deliveries by lay-midwives resulted in three neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births; planned home deliveries without a lay-midwife, 30 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births; and unplanned home deliveries, 120 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births. The women babies were delivered by lay-midwives were screened in county health departments and found to be medically at low risk of complication, despite having demographic characteristics associated with high-risk of neonatal mortality. Conversely, the women delivered at home without known prenatal screening or a trained attendant had low-risk demographic characteristics but experienced a high rate of neonatal mortality. Planning, prenatal screening, and attendant-training were important in differentiating the risk of neonatal mortality in this uncontrolled, observational study.

Diagnostic imaging in neonatal stroke; Bildgebende Diagnostik des Neonatal stroke

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuhle, S.; Ipsiroglu, O.; Weninger, M. [Universitaetsklinik fuer Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Wien (Austria). Abt. fuer Neonatologie, angeborene Stoerungen und Intensivmedizin; Puig, S.; Prayer, D. [Universitaetsklinik fuer Radiodiagnostik, Wien (Austria)

2000-01-01

A cerebral artery infarction is an important differential diagnosis in the newborn with neurological abnormalities. Based on clinical data, its incidence is estimated to be 1 in 4000 newborns. Since the course is often subclinical, the true incidence is probably higher. Diagnosis: Cerebral ultrasound and Doppler sonography as readily available screening tools play a central role in the initial diagnosis of neonatal cerebral infarction. Definitive diagnosis is made by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Beside symptomatic anticonvulsive therapy, treatment aims at the prevention of secondary ischemic injury. Discussion: Three term infants with different clinical courses of neonatal stroke are presented to sensitize the clinician and the radiologist for this probably underdiagnosed entity. The role of imaging modalities in the diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal cerebral infarction is discussed. (orig.) [German] Ein Infarkt im Stromgebiet der Zerebralarterien stellt eine wichtige Differentialdiagnose bei neurologischen Auffaelligkeiten in der Neonatalperiode dar. Die Inzidenz wird anhand von klinischer Daten auf 1:4000 Lebendgeborene geschaetzt. Da der Verlauf oft subklinisch ist, liegt die wahre Inzidenz wahrscheinlich hoeher. Diagnose: Bei der Diagnosestellung kommen dem Schaedelultraschall und der Doppelsonographie als leicht verfuegbaren Screening-Methoden eine zentrale Rolle zu. Die definitive Diagnose wird, je nach Verfuegbarkeit, mittels Computertomographie oder Kernspintomographie gestellt. Die Behandlung ist neben der symptomatischen (antikonvulsiven) Therapie auf die Vermeidung von ischaemischen Sekundaerschaeden gerichtet. Diskussion: Wir wollen mit der vorliegenden Arbeit anhand von 3 Kindern mit verschiedenen klinischen Verlaeufen eines sog. Neonatal stroke den Stellenwert der bildgebenden Verfahren bei der Diagnostik und Verlaufskontrolle aufzeigen und die Sensibilitaet fuer dieses vermutlich unterdiagnostizierte Krankheitsbild erhoehen

A Study On Neonatal Mortality In Jamnagar District Of Gujarat

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yadav Sudha

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Research question: Which are the maternal, socio-demographic and neonatal attributes responsible for neonatal mortality in rural areas of Gujarat? Objectives: (i To know various maternal, socio-demographic and neonatal factors responsible for neonatal mortality in rural areas of Gujarat (ii To estimate neonatal mortality rate in the area. Setting: Rural areas of six Primary Health Centers of Jamnagar district of Gujarat State. Study design: Community based cohort study. Sample size: Population of 40512 Participants: Members of the family in which neonatal deaths occurred. Outcome variable: Neonatal mortality Analysis: Sample proportions. Results: Neonatal mortality rate on the basis of follow-up of births during one year was found to be 47.27 per thousand live births. The major maternal and socio-demographic factors responsible for neonatal mortality were; maternal age, illiteracy, lack of antenatal care, closely spaced pregnancies, delivery conducted at home, delivery conducted untrained personnel and delayed initiation of breast feeding. The major neonatal factors responsible for mortality in neonates were; low birth weight, prematurity, first order of birth, early phase of neonatal period, male gender of the child. The leading causes of neonatal mortality were found to be prematurity, birth asphyxia, neonatal infections and congenital anomalies.

[Epidemiology of nosocomial infections in neonates].

Science.gov (United States)

Lachassinne, E; Letamendia-Richard, E; Gaudelus, J

2004-03-01

Epidemiology of nosocomial infections in neonates has to be described according to our definitions (early onset GBS diseases excluded) and according to levels of care. Nosocomial risk exists in maternity departments (3% in postnatal beds), incidence rates are 7.5-12.7% or 1.3-8.5 per 1000 days in neonatal care units and 14.2% or 11.7 per 1000 days in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Gram-positive cocci bloodstream infections are the most common nosocomial infections in NICU but viral gastroenteritis are more frequent in neonatal care units. Risk factors are low birthweight, small gestational age and intravascular catheter in NICU, and for viral nosocomial infections, visits and winter outbreaks.

Potentially harmful excipients in neonatal medicines

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nellis, Georgi; Metsvaht, Tuuli; Varendi, Heili

2015-01-01

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe administration of eight potentially harmful excipients of interest (EOI)-parabens, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, benzoates, saccharin sodium, sorbitol, ethanol and benzalkonium chloride-to hospitalised neonates in Europe and to identify risk factors for exposure....... METHODS: All medicines administered to neonates during 1 day with individual prescription and demographic data were registered in a web-based point prevalence study. Excipients were identified from the Summaries of Product Characteristics. Determinants of EOI administration (geographical region......, gestational age (GA), active pharmaceutical ingredient, unit level and hospital teaching status) were identified using multivariable logistical regression analysis. RESULTS: Overall 89 neonatal units from 21 countries participated. Altogether 2095 prescriptions for 530 products administered to 726 neonates...

[Lactose intolerance in neonates with non-infectious diarrhea].

Science.gov (United States)

Su, Hui-Min; Jiang, Yi; Hu, Yu-Lian; Yang, Hui; Dong, Tian-Jin

2016-04-01

To investigate the development of lactose intolerance in neonates with non-infectious diarrhea and its association with diarrhea, and to evaluate the diagnostic values of fecal pH value and urine galactose determination for neonatal lactase deficiency. Seventy hospitalized neonates who developed non-infectious diarrhea between October 2012 and June 2015 were enrolled as the diarrhea group, and 162 hospitalized neonates without non-infectious diarrhea were enrolled as the non-diarrhea group. Test paper was used to determine fecal pH value. The galactose oxidase method was used to detect urine galactose. The neonates with positive galactose oxidase were diagnosed with lactase deficiency, and those with lactase deficiency and diarrhea were diagnosed with lactose intolerance. According to the results of urine galactose detection, 69 neonates in the diarrhea group who underwent urine galactose detection were classified into lactose intolerance group (45 neonates) and lactose tolerance group (24 neonates), and their conditions after treatment were compared between the two groups. The follow-up visits were performed for neonates with diarrhea at 3 months after discharge. Fecal pH value and positive rate of urine galactose (65% vs 54%) showed no significant differences between the diarrhea and non-diarrhea groups (P>0.05). Fecal pH value showed no significant difference between the lactose intolerance and lactose tolerance groups (P>0.05), while the neonates in the lactose intolerance group had a significantly longer time to recovery of defecation than those in the lactose tolerance group (Plactose intolerance tends to occur. Determination of fecal pH value has no significance in the diagnosis of lactose intolerance in neonates with diarrhea.

Análise dos Impactos ao Patrimônio Cultural no Âmbito dos Estudos Ambientais

OpenAIRE

Marcos Paulo de Souza Miranda

2013-01-01

Como instrumento jurídico composto por elementos técnicos interdisciplinares, o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental tem como objetivo prever e prevenir danos ambientais, norteando a escolha da melhor alternativa para se evitar, eliminar ou reduzir os efeitos prejudiciais decorrentes do empreendimento proposto. Tendo em vista que o patrimônio cultural integra o conceito amplo de meio ambiente, todos os impactos sobre os bens culturais materiais (tais como cavernas, sítios arqueológicos e paleontológic...

Quanto vale o show?: Impactos econômicos dos investimentos da Copa do Mundo 2014 no Brasil

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Edson Paulo Domingues

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é projetar os impactos econômicos, nacionais e regionais dos investimentos de infraestrutura e estádios para a Copa do Mundo de 2014. Consideram-se os investimentos em reforma/construção de infraestrutura esportiva (estádios e infraestrutura urbana divulgados pelo Ministério do Esporte no início de 2010. Por meio de simulações com um modelo de equilíbrio geral, são projetados os impactos das fases de construção e operação desses investimentos, com atenção especial às fontes de financiamento (público, privado e BNDES. Os resultados apontam para um crescimento adicional médio de 1,2% no PIB das cidades-sede e a geração do equivalente a 158 mil empregos. A análise dos resultados indica, entretanto, que o impacto positivo desses investimentos depende da capacidade de financiamento privado e das necessidades de realocação do gasto público. Quanto maior a utilização de recursos públicos no financiamento dos investimentos da Copa 2014, menor seu impacto econômico.

Surgical procedures performed in the neonatal intensive care unit on critically ill neonates: feasibility and safety

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mallick, M.S.; Jado, A.M.; Al-Bassam, A.R.

2008-01-01

Transferring unstable, ill neonates to and from the operating rooms carries significant risks and can lead to morbidity. We report on our experience in performing certain procedures in critically ill neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We examined the feasibility and safety for such an approach. All surgical procedures performed in the NICU between January 1999 and December 2005 were analyzed in terms of demographic data, diagnosis, preoperative stability of the patient, procedures performed, complications and outcome. Operations were performed at beside in the NICU in critically ill, unstable neonates who needed emergency surgery, in neonates of low birth weight (<1000 gm) and in neonates on special equipments like higher frequency ventilators and nitrous oxide. Thirty-seven surgical procedures were performed including 12 laparotomies, bowel resection and stomies, 7 repairs of congenital diaphragmatic hernias, 4 ligations of patent ductus arteriosus and various others. Birth weights ranged between 850 gm and 3500 gm (mean 2000 gm). Gestational age ranged between 25 to 42 weeks (mean, 33 weeks). Age at surgery was between 1 to 30 days (mean, 30 days). Preoperatively, 19 patients (51.3%) were on inotropic support and all were intubated and mechanically ventilated. There was no mortality related to surgical procedures. Postoperatively, one patient developed wound infection and disruption. Performing major surgical procedures in the NICU is both feasible and safe. It is useful in very low birth weight, critically ill neonates who have definite risk attached to transfer to the operating room. No special area is needed in the NICU to perform complication-free surgery, but designing an operating room within the NICU will be ideal. (author)

Impacto social de la educación financiera, caso: Uniminuto regional Bucaramanga, Santander Colombia

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Cesar Augusto Silva Giraldo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available En la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO, Centro regional Bucaramanga, desde el año 2016 se viene ejecutando el proyecto Educación Financiera y Nociones de Ciudadanía, el cual tiene como objetivo fomentar la toma de decisiones acertadas en los proyectos de vida de la población participante a través de una cátedra básica en Educación Financiera, emprendimiento y nociones en Ciudadanía, bajo técnicas activas de participación. Este proyecto no ha desarrollado un sistema de medición que permita determinar el impacto social. Considerando que el proyecto va encaminado a una acción que genere un impacto social en la población participante, debe ser evaluado, permitiendo analizar si se está consiguiendo el propósito planteado. Es por ello que a través de los referentes conceptuales y contextuales se presenta un análisis del impacto social que genera la educación financiera en las comunidades, tomando como caso específico Uniminuto Regional Bucaramanga.

Circulação extracorpórea por membrana (ECMO em recém-nascido com insuficiência respiratória por síndrome de aspiração meconial: efeitos da administração de surfactante exógeno Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO in a neonate with respiratory distress due to meconium aspiration syndrome: Effect of the administration of exogenous surfactant

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João Gilberto Maksoud-Filho

2001-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: apresentar a evolução clínica de recém-nascido portador de insuficiência respiratória grave neonatal secundária à Sindrome de Aspiração Meconial tratado por Circulação Extracorpórea por Membrana, ou, conforme o termo consagrado em língua inglesa, ECMO (Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, o efeito do uso de surfactante exógeno neste caso e os custos do procedimento. MÉTODOS: Descrição de um caso de Síndrome de Aspiração Meconial, tratado na UCINE (Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatais do Instituto da Criança Prof. Pedro de Alcantara, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: O suporte extracorpóreo teve a duração de 5 dias, sem complicações clínicas ou mecânicas. Surfactante exógeno de origem porcina foi administrado no 4o dia, após o quê observamos uma melhora significativa na complacência pulmonar. O recém-nascido pôde então ser rapidamente decanulado. Os custos do tratamento foram compatíveis com a realidade nacional em relação a um recém-nascido criticamente enfermo. CONCLUSÕES: a ECMO é indicada em casos de insuficiência respiratória neonatal que não respondam a outros tratamentos existentes. Deve ser disponível em Unidades de Tratamento Intensivo (UTIs neonatais de hospitais terciários e ser empregada conforme critérios bem estabelecidos. A utilização de surfactante exógeno aparentemente antecipou a retirada da ECMO e, portanto, deve ser considerada em casos semelhantes. Os custos do tratamento justificam a organização de Equipes de ECMO nessas UTIs.OBJECTIVES: to present the clinical outcome of a newborn with severe respiratory distress secondary to meconium aspiration syndrome and treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO; and to present the effect of the use of exogenous surfactant in this case and the cost of the procedure. METHODS: Case report of a newborn with meconium aspiration syndrome and treated at the neonatal ICU of the

Impacto ambiental del manejo de desechos sólidos ordinarios en una comunidad rural

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Juan Carlos Salas Jiménez

2006-05-01

Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es identificar y evaluarlos impactos ambientales en cada una de las etapas de la actividad de recuperación de desechos sólidos ordinarios en una comunidad rural. Con el fin de definir las acciones por ejecutar para prever, impedir, minimizar y mitigar los efectos adversos sobre el entorno natural y social. La recuperación de los desechos ordinarios en comunidades rurales tiene un enfoque ambientalista, pero sus actividades deben planificarse de tal modo que mitiguen los impactos negativos, principalmente por la degradación estética del ambiente.

Necessidades de familiares de pacientes internados em unidade de cuidados intensivos Necesidades de los familiares de pacientes internados en unidad de cuidados intensivos Needs of family members of patients admitted to an intensive care unit

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Marina Rumiko Maruiti

2007-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Identificar as necessidades de familiares de pacientes internados em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODOS: Fizerem parte da amostra 39 familiares de pacientes em estado crítico de saúde. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada uma adaptação do Critical Care Family Need Inventory. RESULTADOS: a necessidade de conhecimento/informação identificada com maior freqüência foi saber fatos concretos sobre o progresso do paciente (84,6%; a necessidade de conforto identificada com maior freqüência foi ter um toalete e um telefone próximo à sala de espera (56,4%; a necessidade de segurança identificada com maior freqüência foi ter a certeza que o paciente está recebendo o melhor tratamento (89,7%; e a necessidade de acesso ao paciente e aos profissionais da unidade com maior freqüência foi conversar com o médico todos os dias (79,5%. CONCLUSÃO: Os profissionais de enfermagem devem se preocupar em atender não apenas as necessidades dos pacientes, mas também de seus familiares.OBJETIVO: Identificar las necesidades de los familiares de pacientes internados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODOS: Formaron parte de la muestra 39 familiares de pacientes en estado crítico de salud. Para la recolección de datos fue utilizada una adaptación del Critical Care Family Need Inventory. RESULTADOS: La necesidad de conocimiento/información identificada con mayor frecuencia fue saber hechos concretos sobre el progreso de paciente (84,6%; la necesidad de comodidad identificada con mayor frecuencia fue tener un baño y teléfono próximo a la sala de espera (56,4%; la necesidad de seguridad registrada con mayor frecuencia fue tener la certeza de que lo patiente está recibiendo el mejor tratamiento (89,7% y la necesidad de acceso al paciente y a los profesionales de la unidad detectada con mayor frecuencia fue hablar con el médico todos los días (79,5%. CONCLUSÍON: La enfermería no debe preocuparse solamente con las

IMPLICANCIAS DE LA PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA EN LA APROBACIÓN DEL ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DEL PROYECTO MINERO TÍA MARÍA - COCACHACRA, ISLAY, AREQUIPA PRESENTADO EN EL 2009 Y SU MODIFICATORIA EN EL PERIODO 2010

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VERA TORRES, ANA MELVA

2014-01-01

PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA MECANISMOS DE PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA DEFINICIÓN DE ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL Y DEL ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO SOCIAL EL ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL PROPÓSITO DEL ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO AMBIENTAL PLAN DE MANEJO AMBIENTAL CONTROL Y MITIGACIÓN DE LOS IMPACTOS DEL PROYECTO ESQUEMA BÁSICO DE UN ESTUDIO DE IMPACTO SOCIAL LA LÍNEA BASE SOCIO ECONÓMICA LA PREVISIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN DE IMPACTOS EL MANEJO DE IMPACTO SOCIO ECONÓMICOS EL PLAN DE RELACIONES COMUNITARIAS ESTABLECIMIENTO DE UN ...

Radiologic findings of neonatal sepsis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Sam Soo; Han, Dae Hee; Choi, Guk Myeong; Jung, Hye Won; Yoon, Hye Kyung; Han, Bokyung Kim; Lee, Nam Yong

1997-01-01

To review the simple radiographic and sonographic findings in infants with neonatal sepsis. We retrospectively analyzed simple chest and abdominal radiographs, and brain sonograms in 36 newborn infants (preterm : term=23 :13). With neonatal sepsis diagnosed by blood culture and clinical manifestations. Pulmonary parenchymal infiltrate excluding respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary edema or atelectasis was found in 22 infants (61%). Paralytic ileus, hepatosplenomegaly, and necrotizing enterocolitis were present in 18(50%), 9(25%), and 1(3%) infants, respectively, while skeletal changes suggesting osteomyelitis were found in three. Brain sonography was performed in 29 infants and in four, abnormalities were seen ; these comprised three germinal matrix hemorrhages and one intraparenchymal hemorrhage. In six patients(17%) radiologic examinations revealed no abnormality. In patients with neonatal sepsis, pulmonary infiltrates and paralytic ileus were common abnormalities. Although these were nonspecific, radiologic findings may be used to supplement clinical and laboratory findings in diagnosing neonatal sepsis and planning its treatment

Radiologic findings of neonatal sepsis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Sam Soo; Han, Dae Hee; Choi, Guk Myeong; Jung, Hye Won [Seoul National Univ. College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, Hye Kyung; Han, Bokyung Kim; Lee, Nam Yong [Sansung Medical Center, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1997-06-01

To review the simple radiographic and sonographic findings in infants with neonatal sepsis. We retrospectively analyzed simple chest and abdominal radiographs, and brain sonograms in 36 newborn infants (preterm : term=23 :13). With neonatal sepsis diagnosed by blood culture and clinical manifestations. Pulmonary parenchymal infiltrate excluding respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary edema or atelectasis was found in 22 infants (61%). Paralytic ileus, hepatosplenomegaly, and necrotizing enterocolitis were present in 18(50%), 9(25%), and 1(3%) infants, respectively, while skeletal changes suggesting osteomyelitis were found in three. Brain sonography was performed in 29 infants and in four, abnormalities were seen ; these comprised three germinal matrix hemorrhages and one intraparenchymal hemorrhage. In six patients(17%) radiologic examinations revealed no abnormality. In patients with neonatal sepsis, pulmonary infiltrates and paralytic ileus were common abnormalities. Although these were nonspecific, radiologic findings may be used to supplement clinical and laboratory findings in diagnosing neonatal sepsis and planning its treatment.

Neonatal hypothermia in sub-Saharan Africa: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Onalo, R

2013-01-01

Hypothermia is a major factor in neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. High prevalence of hypothermia has been reported widely even from warmer tropical countries. In spite of the World Health Organization's recommendation of maintenance of warm chain in newborn care, hypothermia continues to be a common neonatal condition which has remained under-recognized, under-documented, and poorly-managed. This review aims at providing the incidence of and risk factors for neonatal hypothermia as well as provides a pathophysiological overview and management options for neonates with the condition in sub-Saharan Africa. All available published literature on neonatal hypothermia was searched electronically and manually. The principal electronic reference libraries and sites searched were PubMed, Embase, Ajol, Cochrane Reference Libraries and Google Scholar. The search terms used included 'neonatal hypothermia,' 'Cold stress in newborn' 'thermal care of the newborn,' 'neonatal thermogenesis,' 'neonatal cold injury,' among others. Pertinent books and monographs were accessed. Data in formats inaccessible to the reviewer were excluded. Neonatal hypothermia is a major condition of public health importance in countries of sub- Saharan Africa. Awareness of the burden of the disease is still low in some communities. Risk factors for neonatal hypothermia in the region include poverty, home delivery, low birthweight, early bathing of babies, delayed initiation of breastfeeding and inadequate knowledge among health workers. Low-tech facilities to prevent heat losses and provide warmth are available in sub-Saharan Africa and are thus recommended as well as continuous efforts at sensitizing caregivers on the thermal needs of newborns.

iNICU - Integrated Neonatal Care Unit: Capturing Neonatal Journey in an Intelligent Data Way.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Harpreet; Yadav, Gautam; Mallaiah, Raghuram; Joshi, Preetha; Joshi, Vinay; Kaur, Ravneet; Bansal, Suneyna; Brahmachari, Samir K

2017-08-01

Neonatal period represents first 28 days of life, which is the most vulnerable time for a child's survival especially for the preterm babies. High neonatal mortality is a prominent and persistent problem across the globe. Non-availability of trained staff and infrastructure are the major recognized hurdles in the quality care of these neonates. Hourly progress growth charts and reports are still maintained manually by nurses along with continuous calculation of drug dosage and nutrition as per the changing weight of the baby. iNICU (integrated Neonatology Intensive Care Unit) leverages Beaglebone and Intel Edison based IoT integration with biomedical devices in NICU i.e. monitor, ventilator and blood gas machine. iNICU is hosted on IBM Softlayer based cloud computing infrastructure and map NICU workflow in Java based responsive web application to provide translational research informatics support to the clinicians. iNICU captures real time vital parameters i.e. respiration rate, heart rate, lab data and PACS amounting for millions of data points per day per child. Stream of data is sent to Apache Kafka layer which stores the same in Apache Cassandra NoSQL. iNICU also captures clinical data like feed intake, urine output, and daily assessment of child in PostgreSQL database. It acts as first Big Data hub (of both structured and unstructured data) of neonates across India offering temporal (longitudinal) data of their stay in NICU and allow clinicians in evaluating efficacy of their interventions. iNICU leverages drools based clinical rule based engine and deep learning based big data analytical model coded in R and PMML. iNICU solution aims to improve care time, fills skill gap, enable remote monitoring of neonates in rural regions, assists in identifying the early onset of disease, and reduction in neonatal mortality.

21 CFR 880.5270 - Neonatal eye pad.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... DEVICES GENERAL HOSPITAL AND PERSONAL USE DEVICES General Hospital and Personal Use Therapeutic Devices § 880.5270 Neonatal eye pad. (a) Identification. A neonatal eye pad is an opaque device used to cover... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Neonatal eye pad. 880.5270 Section 880.5270 Food...

Metodología para evaluar el impacto de la maquinaria agrícola sobre los recursos naturales del medio ambiente

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Norge Díaz Rodríguez

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizó una propuesta de metodología para evaluar el impacto que ejerce la maquinaria agrícola sobre algunos de los recursos naturales del medio ambiente. Durante su explotación la maquinaria agrícola, como unidad energética para el trabajo agrícola, produce un conjunto de impactos negativos sobre el medio en tres direcciones fundamentales: suelo, aire, y agua. A pesar de existir conciencia sobre este problema, no se disponen de herramientas apropiadas para hacer una evaluación certera de la magnitud de estos impactos, lo cual no es una simple tarea.

Neonatal bacteriemia isolates and their antibiotic resistance pattern in neonatal insensitive care unit (NICU at Beasat Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran.

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Parvin Mohammadi

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Bacteremia continues to result in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among neonates. There is scarce data on neonatal bacteremia in among Iranian neonates. In this study, we determined neonatal bacteremia isolates and their antibiotic resistance pattern in neonatal insensitive care unit at Beasat hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. During one year, all neonates admitted to the NICU were evaluated. Staphylococcal isolates were subjected to determine the prevalence of MRS and mecA gene. A total of 355 blood cultures from suspected cases of sepsis were processed, of which 27 (7.6% were positive for bacterial growth. Of the 27 isolates, 20 (74% were Staphylococcus spp as the leading cause of bacteremia. The incidence of Gram negative bacteria was 04 (14.8%. The isolated bacteria were resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Maximum resistance among Staphylococcus spp was against Penicillin, and Ampicillin. In our study, the isolated bacteria were 7.5 % Vancomycin and Ciprofloxacin sensitive. Oxacillin disk diffusion and PCR screened 35% and 30% mec a positive Staphylococcus spp. The spectrum of neonatal bacteremia as seen in NICU at Beasat hospital confirmed the importance of pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp. Penicillin, Ampicillin and Cotrimoxazol resistance was high in theses isolates with high mecA gene carriage, probably due to antibiotic selection.

Reduced nephron endowment in the neonates of Indigenous Australian peoples.

Science.gov (United States)

Kandasamy, Y; Smith, R; Wright, I M R; Lumbers, E R

2014-02-01

Rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among Indigenous groups in Australia exceed non-Indigenous rates eight-fold. Using kidney volume as a surrogate for nephron number, we carried out a study to determine if Indigenous neonates have a smaller kidney volume (and thus a reduced nephron number) from birth compared with non-Indigenous neonates. We recruited term and preterm neonates (Indigenous) and 39 term (13 Indigenous) neonates. TKV of Indigenous neonates was significantly lower at 32 weeks [12.0 (2.0) v. 15.4 (5.1) ml; P=0.03] and 38 weeks CA [18.6 (4.0) v. 22.6 (5.9) ml; P=0.04] respectively. Term Indigenous neonates also had smaller kidney volumes compared with non-Indigenous neonates. Despite a smaller kidney volume (and reduced nephron number), Indigenous neonates did not have a significantly lower eGFR. Indigenous neonates achieve similar eGFRs to Non-Indigenous neonates, presumably through a higher single nephron filtration rate. This places Indigenous neonates at a greater risk of long-term kidney damage later in life.

Neonatal herpes in Denmark 1977-1991

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fonnest, G; de la Fuente Fonnest, I; Weber, Tom

1997-01-01

BACKGROUND: To prevent neonatal herpes, women in labor with genital herpes infection are still delivered by Cesarean section. This policy is currently being debated. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal herpes in Denmark and to evaluate the prevention practice. METHODS...... herpes recurrence. Four infants had a serious infection in spite of Cesarean section. This study does not support a policy of Cesarean section in case of maternal recurrent herpes simplex infection at delivery.......BACKGROUND: To prevent neonatal herpes, women in labor with genital herpes infection are still delivered by Cesarean section. This policy is currently being debated. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal herpes in Denmark and to evaluate the prevention practice. METHODS......: All newborns with perinatal herpes in Denmark 1977-1991 were identified from hospital-records. RESULTS: Of 862,298 deliveries 136 possible cases were found but only 30 (22%) fulfilled the criteria for neonatal herpes. The incidence increased from 2.36 to 4.56 per 100,000 live births during 1977...

Incidence of congenital heart disease among neonates in a neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hussain, S.; Sabir, M.U.

2014-01-01

Objectives: To determine the incidence and pattern of various congenital heart disease in a neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The prospective study was carried out in the neonatal unit of Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from September 2008 to August 2011. All 5800 neonates admitted with gestational age of >28 weeks irrespective of birthweight were included in the study. Neonatologist/Paediatrician carried out the neonatal examination during the first 12 hours of life. Neonates suspected of having congenital heart disease were further evaluated by pulse oxymetry, X-ray chest and echocardiography to ascertain final diagnosis and type of lesion. Data was collected on a predesigned proforma containing information regarding gender, mode of delivery, gestational age, weight at birth, family history, and associated malformations. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 5800 neonates, 87 (1.5%) were found to have congenital heart disease with an incidence of 15/1000. There was a male preponderance. Most common lesion was ventricular septal defect 27(31.3%), followed by atrial septal defect 20 (22.9%), patent ductus arteriosus 13 (14.94%), tetralogy of fallot 06 (6.89%), transposition of great arteries 04 (4.59%), Pulmonary stenosis 05 (5.79%) and 03(3.44%) had atrioventricular canal defects. Conclusion: Congenital heart disease is a common congenital anomaly. Its incidence varies from centre to centre due to different factors like nature of the sample, method of detection and early examination by a neonatologist/paediatrician. In this study a higher incidence is reported because it was carried out in a tertiary care unit, which is a referral hospital and all the neonates admitted in the unit were included in the study. (author)

Neonatal Bartter Syndrome in association with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in a neonate - a rare combination.

Science.gov (United States)

Hussain, Shabbir

2016-05-01

Neonatal Bartter syndrome (NBS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubulopathy characterized by hypokalaemic, hypochloraemic metabolic alkalosis associated with increased urinary loss of sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride. There is hyperreninaemia and hyperaldosteronaemia but normotension. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), another autosomal recessive condition, may present in the neonatal period with vomiting, hypovolaemia, failure to gain weight or ambiguous genitalia. We report a case of NBS and CAH combination in a neonate. A male neonate born at term was admitted with history of recurrent vomiting and dehydration episodes. Investigations revealed electrolytes imbalance, metabolic alkalosis, raised aldosterone and renin levels suggestive of NBS. He was treated successfully and discharged. He was re-admitted with the same symptoms. Further evaluation confirmed the presence of CAH as well. We report this case because of the rarity of this combination (NBS plus CAH) and to the best of our knowledge this is the first such case report from Pakistan.

Aproximación a una escala de valoración de úlcera por presión en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra - A

OpenAIRE

Saboya Saboya, Liz Amparo

2013-01-01

Las ulceras por Presión (UPP) son lesiones de rápida aparición y lenta curación, donde la frecuencia en pacientes críticos, en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) representa hoy en día un grave problema. Los pacientes son más vulnerables a su aparición durante las primeras semanas de ingreso en la unidad, incrementándose cuando el paciente tiene mayor gravedad, pudiendo llegar incluso hasta la muerte. Para ello el primer paso en su prevención consistirá en la determinación de las UPP, a tr...

O impacto do e-mail marketing no processo de decisão do consumidor final

OpenAIRE

Mouro, Ana Catarina Ruas

2015-01-01

Mestrado em Comunicação Cultura e Tecnologias da Informação Esta dissertação recai sobre o tema do E-mail Marketing e sobretudo sobre o impacto que tem junto do consumidor final. Nesta dissertação abordou-se primeiramente o impacto que a internet e o mundo digital teve no marketing. Esta perceção é fundamental para que possamos entender a importância que tem o E-mail Marketing nos dias de hoje e a utilidade que esta ferramenta pode vir a ter se bem utilizada. Foi realizado um estudo ...

Simultaneous occurrence of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and neonatal neutropenia due to maternal neutrophilic autoantibodies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Taaning, Ellen; Jensen, Lise; Varming, Kim

2012-01-01

Foetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) and neonatal neutropenia caused by maternal autoantibodies against neutrophils are rare disorders. We describe a newborn with severe thrombocytopenia and intracerebral bleeding caused by maternal anti-HPA-3a alloantibodies and mild neutropenia...

Impacto ambiental de la explotación del yacimiento de materiales de construcción El Cacao

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Naísma Hernández-Jatib

2011-03-01

Full Text Available El impacto ambiental que produce la explotación del yacimiento de calizas El Cacao, se estudió haciendo uso de una metodología que conjuga distintas propuestas de otros investigadores. La metodología permitió identificar los impactos ambientales producidos por las acciones de desbroce, destape y extracción, perforación y voladura, excavaciones, transportación, procesamiento de la materia prima y su almacenamiento; así como la interacción entre estas acciones y los componentes del medio (suelo, aire, agua, flora, fauna, paisaje, infraestructura y economía. Se encontró que los impactos más considerables ocurren durante el desbroce y destape, y que los componentes ambientales más afectados son el suelo, el aire, el agua y la economía. Finalmente se proponen medidas correctoras para mitigar las afectaciones ambientales.

Acute renal failure: Nephrosonographic findings in asphyxiated neonates

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Mohd. Ashraf

2011-01-01

Full Text Available To determine the incidence of acute renal failure (ARF and nephrosonographic findings among asphyxiated neonates, and to correlate this with uric acid levels and the severity of hypoxic encephalopathy, we studied 80 full-term appropriate-for-date singleton neonates with perinatal asphyxia, and 30 healthy full-term neonates as controls from March 2006 to February 2007. A detailed history, thorough clinical examination along with investigations, including urine examination, 24-h urine collection, ultrasonography of abdomen and cranium, serum electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum uric acid were obtained. ARF developed in 45% (36/80 of the asphyxiated neonates. Forty-eight (60% neonates showed significant elevation of blood urea and 41 (51.3% neonates had significant elevation of serum creatinine than the control group (P < 0.001. Sixty-two (77.5% neonates developed significant elevation of serum uric acid levels, and nephrosonography revealed hyperechogenicity in all of them, while only two among the healthy neonates showed the raised uric acid levels (P < 0.001. Nonoliguric renal failure was seen 28/36 (77.8% of the neonates with ARF, whereas eight (22.2% neonates had oliguric renal failure. Eight (27.8% patients among ARF patients maintained abnormal biochemical parameters after 2 weeks, and of whom four patients died after variable lengths of time with a mortality rate of 11.11%. Kidneys are the most common organs involved in perinatal asphyxia, and uric acid might be a causative factor for failure in addition to hypoxic insult. Routine use of kidney function test, along with abdominal ultrasonography form an important screening tool to detect any additional morbidity in these patients.

Tecnologia e humanização em ambientes intensivos Tecnología y humanización en ambientes intensivos Technology and humanization in critical care environments

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Isaac Rosa Marques

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Devido aos avanços obtidos com a revolução industrial através de descobertas em maquinário tecnológico, a relação profissional-paciente tem se tornado cada vez mais automatizada, deixando a humanização em segundo plano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma reflexão o processo de humanização em ambientes intensivos e sua relação com a inserção da tecnologia. A tecnologia contribui de maneira efetiva no tratamento de pacientes que exigem cuidados extremos. Entretanto, se estiver associada a humanização pode alcançar resultados satisfatórios, melhorando assim o acolhimento do cliente que recebe cuidados providenciados pela tecnologia.Debido a los avances logrados con la revolución industrial a través de descubrimientos tecnológicos en maquinaria, la relación profesional-paciente se ha convertido cada vez más automatizada, lo que deja la humanización en el fondo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue reflexionar acerca del proceso de humanización y su relación con la inserción de la tecnología. La tecnología contribuye de manera eficaz en el tratamiento de pacientes que requieren atención extrema. Sin embargo, si se asocia con la humanización puede lograr resultados satisfactorios, mejorando así la acogida al cliente que recibe la atención promovida por la tecnología.Because of the advances made with the industrial revolution through technological discoveries in machinery, professional-patient relationship has become increasingly automated, leaving the humanization in the background. The purpose of this paper was to reflect about the humanization process in intensive environments and its relation with the technology insertion. Technology contributes as an effective way to treat patients who require extreme care. However, if it is associated with humanization can achieves satisfactory results, improving the host of customer who receives the care provided by technology.

Intracranial complications of Serratia marcescens infection in neonates.

Science.gov (United States)

Madide, Ayanda; Smith, Johan

2016-03-15

Even though Serratia marcescens is not one of the most common causes of infection in neonates, it is associated with grave morbidity and mortality. We describe the evolution of brain parenchymal affectation observed in association with S. marcescens infection in neonates. This retrospective case series details brain ultrasound findings of five neonates with hospital-acquired S. marcescens infection. Neonatal S. marcescens infection with or without associated meningitis can be complicated by brain parenchymal affectation, leading to cerebral abscess formation. It is recommended that all neonates with this infection should undergo neuro-imaging more than once before discharge from hospital; this can be achieved using bedside ultrasonography.

Status of Neonatal Pain Assessment and Management in Jordan.

Science.gov (United States)

Abdel Razeq, Nadin M; Akuma, Akuma O; Jordan, Sue

2016-08-01

Current pain assessment and management in neonates need to be fully described before neonatal pain care can be optimized. This study's purpose was to report neonatal nurses' knowledge, existing pain assessment practice, and pharmacological pain management of neonates in Jordan. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. Eighteen neonatal intensive care units in Jordan were included in the study. One hundred eighty-four neonatal nurses participated. Questionnaires were distributed by and returned to the neonatal intensive care units' managers between June and August 2014. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present study results. Of 240 questionnaires distributed, 184 useable responses were returned. Nurses' knowledge regarding neonates' neurological development, nociception, and need for neonatal pain management was suboptimal. The analgesics most commonly used to treat neonatal pain were acetaminophen (52%) and lidocaine (45%). Benzodiazepines, phenobarbitone, and muscles relaxants were also used. Most nurses (54%-97%) reported that pain emanating from most painful procedures was never or rarely treated. Circumcision, lumbar punctures, and chest tube insertion were assigned the highest pain scores (≥9), but were rarely accompanied by analgesia. Pain assessment scales were more likely to be used, and procedural pain was more likely to be treated, in private hospitals than public hospitals. Neonates who require special care still suffer unnecessary pain that could be avoided and managed by following best practice recommendations. Disparities between developed and developing countries in quality of neonatal pain care appear to exist. Resources for education and routine care are needed to address these discrepancies. Copyright © 2016 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Impacto da responsabilidade social sob a óptica empresarial do norte litoral de Portugal

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Valentin Alejandro Martínez Fernández

2014-01-01

Full Text Available La responsabilidad social surge en la literatura del siglo XIX y desde entonces ha ganado una mayor expresión, atención e interés de los estudiosos, empresarios y público en general, debido a su impacto en particular. Por lo tanto, la responsabi- lidad social ha tenido en las últimas décadas una fuerte expansión que ha llevado a su aplicabilidad en la estrategia empresarial. Hoy, académicos y hombres de negocios van juntos tratando nuevas estrategias que incluyen nuevas variables en un estudio propiciado por la aparición de nuevas formas de actividad empresarial y por la creación de redes sociales. Ante esta nueva situación, el propósito de este artículo es comprobar si hay un impacto en la adopción de prácticas de respon- sabilidad social de las empresas de Maia y, en caso afirmativo, si afecta positiva o negativamente a la imagen corporativa de las empresas en el litoral norte de Portugal. Este artículo se estructura en dos secciones. La primera consiste en una revisión de la literatura sobre el tema, presentando el tema principal de los marcos conceptuales para el análisis. La segunda parte consiste en un estudio empírico que utiliza un análisis multivariado factorial que permite la activación de las primeras conclusiones sobre el impacto de la responsabilidad social en Portugal, sobre todo en las empresas objeto de estudio. Se encontró en el estudio que la práctica de la responsabilidad social crea impacto en las acciones de las empresas, pero no se produce de manera significativa en sus resultados económicos.

EL IMPACTO BIBLIOMÉTRICO DEL MOVIMIENTO MOOC EN LA COMUNIDAD CIENTÍFICA ESPAÑOLA

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Ignacio Aguaded Gómez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available España ha sido durante el año 2013 el país líder europeo en oferta de cursos MOOC y se encuentra en una posición puntera a nivel mundial en el número de cursos masivos ofertados en 2014. Esta prolífica actividad se está trasladando al mundo divulgativo y científico en forma de entradas en blogs, redes sociales y páginas web, así como en forma de artículos científicos y libros que intentan analizar el movimiento desde diferentes aproximaciones metodológicas. Hasta el momento, no se ha analizado la repercusión bibliométrica del impacto del movimiento MOOC en la comunidad científica española, por lo que el objetivo de esta investigación, es realizar un estudio bibliométrico de la repercusión científica en forma de artículo o libro de investigación en revistas y editoriales españolas durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2010 y junio de 2014. El estudio se afronta desde una metodología descriptiva y cuantitativa tomando como referencia indicadores bibliométricos de producción, en número de citas e indicadores de visibilidad y de impacto en diferentes bases de datos: Wos/Social Science Citation Index, Scopus, In-Recs, Google Scholar y la categorización de revistas científicas españolas (ANEP/ FECYT. Los resultados muestran que el impacto de la producción científica española en formato libro y artículo en prestigiosas bases de datos internacionales (Wos-SSCI/Scopus es muy bajo, aunque el impacto nacional según categorización ANEP/FECYT e In-Recs es moderadamente alto.

NEONATES (BIRTH – 1 MONTH)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Chantel

Major defects in neonatal skin have serious consequences for the health of the baby, but fortunately these are very rare. Early diagnosis of the genodermatoses can be life-saving. Birthmarks, also known as naevi, are usually first noted in neonates, and can be very alarming for parents. A variety of infections can.

Neonatal Listeriosis

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Shih-Yu Chen

2007-01-01

Full Text Available In Western developed countries, Listeria monocytogenes is not an uncommon pathogen in neonates. However, neonatal listeriosis has rarely been reported in Taiwan. We describe two cases collected from a single medical institute between 1990 and 2005. Case 1 was a male premature baby weighing 1558 g with a gestational age of 31 weeks whose mother had fever with chills 3 days prior to delivery. Generalized maculopapular rash was found after delivery and subtle seizure developed. Both blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture collected on the 1st day yielded L. monocytogenes. In addition, he had ventriculitis complicated with hydrocephalus. Neurologic development was normal over 1 year of follow-up after ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation. Case 2 was a 28-weeks' gestation male premature baby weighing 1180 g. Endotracheal intubation and ventilator support were provided after delivery due to respiratory distress. Blood culture yielded L. monocyto-genes. Cerebrospinal fluid showed pleocytosis but the culture was negative. Brain ultrasonography showed ventriculitis. Sudden deterioration with cyanosis and bradycardia developed on the 8th day and he died on the same day. Neonatal listeriosis is uncommon in Taiwan, but has significant mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis of perinatal infection relies on high index of suspicion in perinatal health care professionals. [J Formos Med Assoc 2007;106(2:161-164

Impacto do diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral para a família

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Meryeli Santos de Araújo Dantas

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Investigación cualitativa, exploratorio-descriptiva, con el objetivo de comprender la percepción de la familia acerca del impacto del diagnóstico de parálisis cerebral de un hijo e identificar estrategias para hacer frete a la situación. Los datos fueron recolectados en una Clínica Escuela de Fisioterapia de una Universidad en João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, con siete familias de niños con parálisis cerebral, de marzo a abril de 2009, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis siguió los principios de la interpretación temática. Los resultados mostraron que el impacto de ese diagnóstico es un momento difícil y genera sentimientos de culpa en los padres. La familia siente miedo ante el desarrollo motor del hijo y se verifican cambios en la vida cotidiana. La fe y el amor al hijo ejercen influencia sobre la forma como tratan de adaptarse a la nueva situación. La familia necesita de una red de apoyo y de atención especial de los profesionales del área de la salud, que deben ser sensibles para promover espacios de escucha atenta, minimizando el impacto del diagnóstico y contribuyendo para hacer frete a la situación.

Associação entre realização de pré-natal e morbidade neonatal

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Chariani Gugelmim Basso

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio objetivó caracterizar la mortalidad de los recién nacidos hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales de un hospital universitario en el sur de Brasil y la asociación de variables: la terminación de complicaciones en el parto pre-natal, y la duración de la hospitalización. Investigación cuantitativa, retrospectiva que examinó las historias clínicas de los niños ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales en el 2006. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente. La tasa de mortalidad de la población fue de 14,16%, las principales causas de muerte fueron paro cardiorrespiratorio y prematuridad. Las causas para la hospitalización, fueron respiratorias y bajo peso al nacer. Se concluyó que, aunque la mayoría de las madres recibieron atención prenatal, al cruzar esta variable con un parto sin complicaciones no tiene significancia estadística. Mientras que la duración de la estancia en la unidad fue estadísticamente significativa cuando se asoció con la atención prenatal.

Imaging findings of neonatal adrenal disorders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoon, Hye Kyung; Han, Bo Kyung; Lee, Min Hee

1999-01-01

In newborn infants, normal adrenal glands are characterized by a relatively thin echogenic center surrounded by a thick, hypoechoic cortical rim as seen on ultrasound (US). Various disorders involving the neonatal adrenal gland include adrenal hemorrhage, hyperplasia, cyst, Wolman's disease, and congenital neuroblastoma. Adrenal hemorrhage is the most common cause of an adrenal mass in the neonate, though differentiation between adrenal hemorrhage and neuroblastoma is in many cases difficult. We describe characteristic US, CT and MR imaging findings in neonates with various adrenal disorders

Imaging findings of neonatal adrenal disorders

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoon, Hye Kyung; Han, Bo Kyung; Lee, Min Hee [Sungkyunkwan Univ. College of Medicine, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1999-01-01

In newborn infants, normal adrenal glands are characterized by a relatively thin echogenic center surrounded by a thick, hypoechoic cortical rim as seen on ultrasound (US). Various disorders involving the neonatal adrenal gland include adrenal hemorrhage, hyperplasia, cyst, Wolman's disease, and congenital neuroblastoma. Adrenal hemorrhage is the most common cause of an adrenal mass in the neonate, though differentiation between adrenal hemorrhage and neuroblastoma is in many cases difficult. We describe characteristic US, CT and MR imaging findings in neonates with various adrenal disorders.

Triagem auditiva neonatal: incidência de deficiência auditiva neonatal sob a perspectiva da nova legislação paulista Neonatal auditory screening: the incidence of neonatal hearing impairment in the context of the new São Paulo legislation

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Khalil Fouad Hanna

2010-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: identificar a incidência de recém-nascidos com deficiência auditiva, em maternidade particular da cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: estudo de coorte transversal, realizado no período de 2004 a 2008, em maternidade localizada na zona sul da cidade de São Paulo, com 20.615 recém-nascidos de ambos os sexos, sem indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva e submetidos à triagem auditiva neonatal. O teste foi realizado por intermédio das Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas Transientes (EOAET. Os pacientes que falharam nas EOAET nas duas fases foram encaminhados para a realização do Potencial Evocado Auditivo do Tronco Encefálico (PEATE para a confirmação da deficiência auditiva neonatal. Empregou-se o Teste Exato de Fischer e o nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05 oupOBJECTIVES: to determine the incidence of hearing impairment in newborns, at a private maternity hospital in the city of São Paulo. METHODS: a cross-sectional cohort study was carried out covering the period between 2004 and 2008, at a maternity hospital located in the southern zone of the city of São Paulo, including 20,615 newborns of both sexes, with no risk factors for hearing impairment and who had undergone neonatal auditory screening. The test was carried out using the Evoked Transient Otoacoustic Emissions test. Patients who failed both phases of this test were referred to do a Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential test to confirm the presence of neonatal auditory deficiency. Fischer 's exact test was used with a level of significance of 0.05 orp<0.05. RESULTS: the incidence of neonatal hearing impairment found in this study was 1.2/1000. CONCLUSION: state legislation allows neonatal auditory screening to be more effective in achieving early detection of neonatal hearing impairment. Neonatal auditory screening prevents future impairment of oral development and language acquisition in a social, professional and educational context.

Impacto en la situación laboral de egresados de la educación presencial y virtual: estudio comparativo

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Daniel Rojas-Rojasª

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación cuantifica las diferencias de impacto sobre la situación laboral de los egresados a raíz de su titulación entre las modalidades presencial y virtual, de un Programa de Educación Tecnológica Superior. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 102 egresados de una institución de educación superior colombiana (51 de cada modalidad bajo estudio, en el programa de Formación Tecnológica en Sistemas. Para medir el impacto se tuvieron en cuenta las condiciones de empleabilidad de los titulados, la fluctuación en el índice de calidad del empleo (ICE, las diferencias en cuanto a posibilidades de movilidad laboral representada en ascenso ocupacional, la diferencia del impacto de la formación virtual y presencial en los ingresos laborales obtenidos y la diferencia entre la continuidad en la formación académica y profesional de los titulados. Los análisis evidencian que sí se encuentran diferencias significativas de impacto sobre la situación laboral de los egresados, que favorecen la modalidad presencial.

Detección precoz de hipoacusia neonatal no congénita en recién nacidos sometidos a ventilación mecánica en una unidad de neonatología de junio – septiembre 2012

OpenAIRE

Díaz Torres, Mónica; Duque Cevallos, Sandra Marcela

2013-01-01

Introducción: La ventilación mecánica es una de las causas de hipoacusia en recién nacidos ingresados a una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales. Objetivo: Establecer el nivel de riesgo de los neonatos sometidos a ventilación mecánica de desarrollar hipoacusia no congénita en el Hospital Enrique Garcés de Quito durante Junio a septiembre del 2012. Sujeto: Se investigaron 101 pacientes que fueron Hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de los cuales el 20,79% re...

Correção cirúrgica da persistência do canal arterial em crianças de baixo peso e neonatos Surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in low-weight child and neonates

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Ciro Denevitz de Castro Herdy

1996-09-01

Full Text Available A persistência do canal arterial ocorre com freqüência em neonatos prematuros, provocando um grave quadro de disfunção cardiopulmonar. O tratamento envolve duas abordagens, sendo uma clínica e outra cirúrgica. A operação para a ligadura do canal arterial é praticada desde 1938. O enfoque clínico preconiza o uso da indometacina, com o intuito de promover a oclusão do canal arterial. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar os resultados obtidos com o tratamento cirúrgico da persistência do canal arterial, através de toracotomia e ligadura em 14 pacientes, incluindo crianças de baixo peso e neonatos prematuros com quadro clínico instável. A principal indicação cirúrgica, nestes casos, foi a presença de insuficiência respiratória aguda e insuficiência cardíaca. A técnica empregada foi a tripla ligadura do canal arterial. Nos 14 casos não obtivemos nenhum tipo de complicação e sem mortalidade. A presença de uma Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal (U.T.I no Hospital foi de extremo valor no preparo dos pacientes e na evolução no período de pós-operatório. Este trabalho comprova a eficácia do método cirúrgico empregado, com baixas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade e a importância da U.T.I neonatal no acompanhamento dos pacientes.The patent ductus arterious frequently occurs in premature neonates causing serious cardiopulmonary disfunction. The treatment includes two options; one clinic and the other surgical procedure. The surgery for patent ductus arteriosus has been done since 1938. Clinical treatment with indometacin induces closure of the arteriosus ductus. The aim of the article is to analize the surgical results with thoractomy by triple-ligature of the ductus for the treatment of persistent ductus arteriosus in fourteen patients including low weight children and premature neonates with cardiopulmonary disfunction. The indications for surgery in these cases were respiratory distress and congestive

Reestruturação produtiva e conseqüências para o trabalho em saúde: implicaciones para el trabajo en salud

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Denise Pires

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Caracteriza o trabalho em saúde no cenário do trabalho em serviços e no processo de reestruturação produtiva em curso, no mundo globalizado. Mostra que o uso intensivo de equipamentos de tecnologia de ponta e a terceirização são as principais características do processo de reestruturação produtiva identificadas no setor saúde, e aponta que existem muito poucas inovações em termos de organização e gestão do trabalho. Sobre os impactos da implantação do processo, no setor, mostra que o desemprego, apesar de ser um dos mais importantes impactos negativos da reestruturação produtiva sobre o trabalho, ainda não é visível na saúde. Faz considerações sobre o impacto do processo nas condições de trabalho, no resultado do trabalho e na saúde dos trabalhadores. Aponta que o processo não resulta de um determinismo econômico e que a ação organizada dos diversos grupos sociais pode influenciar nas conseqüências para trabalhadores e usuários dos serviços de saúde. Conclui que, para melhor entendimento do processo, é necessária a intensificação de estudos na área.

Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de sepse neonatal precoce em hospital da rede pública do Brasil Risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis in Brazilian public hospital short-title: early-onset neonatal sepsis

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Ana Paula Goulart

2006-06-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O conhecimento dos fatores de risco associados à sepse neonatal precoce em unidade de neonatologia, inserida na realidade de nosso sistema de saúde, no sentido de se detectar, prevenir e adotar medidas específicas e reduzir as taxas de mortalidade nessa faixa etária. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os fatores de risco associados a sepse neonatal precoce em hospital de referência em neonatologia ligado à rede pública de saúde. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, prospectivo, tipo caso-controle. Foram incluídos os recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de sepse precoce e como controle, recém-nascidos sem infecção neonatal nascido na mesma data do recém-nascido considerado como caso. Foram incluídos 50 casos e três controles para cada caso, resultando em amostra total de 200 pacientes. Foi considerada estatisticamente significativa a associação quando p BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The determination of the risk factors to early-onset neonatal sepsis in our country is essential to prevent and reduce the mortality associated with this syndrome. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the frequency and associated risk factors to early-onset neonatal sepsis in public hospital in Southern Brazil. METHODS: Observational, case-control study. Were included neonates with diagnostic of early-onset neonatal sepsis and as controls, neonates without neonatal infection. Were included 50 cases and 3 controls for each case resulting in a total sample of 200 patients. Associations were considered significant when p < 0.05. RESULTS: The sepsis frequency was 50.3 per 1000 born-alive. Risk factors associated to the development of neonatal sepsis were prematurity (OR 9.33; p < 0.001, low birth weight (OR 11.74; p < 0.001, maternal infection (OR 2.28; p = 0.009, mother with history of previous infant with neonatal sepsis (OR 6.43; p = 0.035 and rupture of the membranes more than 18 hours before delivery

Clinical Pharmacology of Paracetamol in Neonates: A Review

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Gian Maria Pacifici, MD, PhD

2015-12-01

Paracetamol clearance is lower in neonates than in children and adults. After metabolic conversion, paracetamol is subsequently eliminated by the renal route. The main metabolic conversions are conjugation with glucuronic acid and with sulphate. In the urine of neonates sulphated paracetamol concentration is higher than the glucuronidated paracetamol level, suggesting that sulfation prevails over glucuronidation in neonates. A loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg every 6 hours of intravenous paracetamol is suggested to achieve a compartment concentration of 11 mg/L in late preterm and term neonates. Aiming for the same target concentration, oral doses are similar with rectal administration of 25 to 30 mg/kg/d in preterm neonates of 30 weeks’ gestation, 45 mg/kg/d in preterm infants of 34 weeks’ gestation, and 60 mg/kg/d in term neonates are suggested. The above-mentioned paracetamol doses for these indications (pain, fever are well tolerated in neonates, but do not result in a significant increase in liver enzymes, and do not affect blood pressure and have limited effects on heart rate. In contrast, the higher doses suggested in extreme preterm neonates to induce closure of the patent ductus arteriosus have not yet been sufficiently evaluated regarding efficacy or safety. Moreover, focussed pharmacovigilance to explore the potential causal association between paracetamol exposure during perinatal life and infancy and subsequent atopy is warranted.

Clinical pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides in the neonate: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Pacifici, Gian Maria

2009-04-01

Sepsis is common in neonates and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Sixty percent of preterm neonates receive at least one antibiotic, and 43% of the antibiotics administered to these neonates are aminoglycosides. The clearance (Cl), serum half-life (t(1/2)), and volume of distribution (Vd) of aminoglycosides change during the neonatal life, and the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides need to be studied in neonates in order to optimise therapy with these drugs. The aim of this work is to review the published data on the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides in order to provide a critical analysis of the literature that can be a useful tool in the hands of physicians. The bibliographic search was performed electronically using PubMed, as the search engine, through July 11th, 2008. Firstly, a Medline search was performed with the keywords "pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides in neonates" with the limit of "human". Other Medline searches were performed with the keywords "pharmacokinetics of ... in neonates" followed by the name of the aminoglycosides: amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin and tobramycin. In addition, the book Neofax: A Manual of Drugs Used in Neonatal Care by Young and Mangum (Thomson Healthcare, 2007) was consulted. The aminoglycosides are mainly eliminated by the kidney, and their elimination rates are reduced at birth. As a consequence Cl is reduced and t(1/2) is prolonged in the neonate as compared to more mature infants. The high body-water content of the neonate results in a large Vd of aminoglycosides as these drugs are fairly water soluble. Postnatal development is an important factor in the maturation of the neonate, and as postnatal age proceeds, Cl of aminoglycosides increases. The maturation of the kidney governs the pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides in the infant. Cl and t(1/2) are influenced by development, and this must be taken into consideration when planning a dosage regimen with aminoglycosides in the neonate. Aminoglycosides

IMPACT World+: Una nueva metodología global y regionalizada de Análisis del Impacto de Ciclo de Vida

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bulle, C.; Jolliet, O.; Humbert, S.

La mayoría de los impactos ambientales modelados en el análisis del impacto del ciclo de vida (AICV) son regionales o locales. Sin embargo, las metodologías de AICV actuales ofrecen factores de caracterización genéricos, representando las condiciones medias de un área específica (país o continente...

Influence of iron status on risk of maternal or neonatal infection and on neonatal mortality with an emphasis on developing countries

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brabin, Loretta; Brabin, Bernard J.; Gies, Sabine

2013-01-01

Infection is a major cause of neonatal death in developing countries. This review investigates whether host iron status affects the risk of maternal and/or neonatal infection, potentially contributing to neonatal death, and summarizes the iron acquisition mechanisms described for pathogens causing

Neonatal follow-up program: Where do we stand?

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

Neonatal follow-up program (NFP) is becoming the corner stone of standard, high quality care provided to newborns at risk of future neuorodevelopmental delay. Most of the recognized neonatal intensive care units in the developed countries are adopting NFP as part of their mandatory care for the best long term outcome of high risk infants, especially very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Unfortunately, in the developing and in underdeveloped countries, such early detection and intervention programs are rarely existing, mainly because of the lack of awareness of and exposure to such programs in spite of the increasing numbers of surviving sick newborns due to advancement in neonatal care in these countries. This is a review article to explore the Neonatal follow-up programs looking at historical development, benefts and aims, and standard requirements for successful program development that can be adopted in our countries. In conclusion, proper Neonatal follow-up programs are needed to improve neonatal outcome. Therefore all professionals working in the feld of neonatal care in developing countries should cooperate to create such programs for early detection and hence early intervention for any adverse long term outcome in high-risk newborn infants PMID:27493326

Intrapartum FHR monitoring and neonatal CT brain scan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takahashi, Yoshiki; Ukita, Masahiko; Nakada, Eizo

1982-01-01

The effect of fetal distress on the neonatal brain was investigated by neonatal CT brain scan, FHR monitoring and mode of delivery. This study involved 11 cases of full term vertex delivery in which FHR was recorded by fetal direct ECG during the second stage labor. All infants weighed 2,500 g or more. FHR monitoring was evaluated by Hon's classification. Neonatal brain edema was evaluated by cranial CT histgraphic analysis (Nakada's method). 1) Subdural hemorrhage was noted in 6 of 7 infants delivered by vacuum extraction or fundal pressure (Kristeller's method). 2) Intracranial hemorrhage was demonstrated in all of 3 infants with 5-min. Apgar score 7 or less. 3) Two cases with prolonged bradycardia and no variability had intraventricular or intracerebral hemorrhage which resulted in severe central nervous system damage. 4) The degree of neonatal brain edema correlated with 5-min. Apgar score. 5) One case with prolonged bradycardia and no variability resulted in severe neonatal brain edema. Four cases with variable deceleration and increased variability resulted in mild neonatal brain edema. Two cases with late deceleration and decreased variability resulted in no neonatal brain edema. (author)

Drug binding properties of neonatal albumin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brodersen, R; Honoré, B

1989-01-01

Neonatal and adult albumin was isolated by gel chromatography on Sephacryl S-300, from adult and umbilical cord serum, respectively. Binding of monoacetyl-diamino-diphenyl sulfone, warfarin, sulfamethizole, and diazepam was studied by means of equilibrium dialysis and the binding data were analyzed...... by the method of several acceptable fitted curves. It was found that the binding affinity to neonatal albumin is less than to adult albumin for monoacetyl-diamino-diphenyl sulfone and warfarin. Sulfamethizole binding to the neonatal protein is similarly reduced when more than one molecule of the drug is bound...

Hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: NICHD Neonatal Research Network contribution to the field.

Science.gov (United States)

Shankaran, Seetha; Natarajan, Girija; Chalak, Lina; Pappas, Athina; McDonald, Scott A; Laptook, Abbot R

2016-10-01

In this article, we summarize the NICHD Neonatal Research Network (NRN) trial of whole-body hypothermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in relation to other randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of hypothermia neuroprotection. We describe the NRN secondary studies that have been published in the past 10 years evaluating clinical, genetic, biochemical, and imaging biomarkers of outcome. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

La evaluación del impacto de los resultados científicos. Metodologías y niveles de análisis Impact assessment of scientific output. Methodologies and analytic levels

OpenAIRE

Jorge Lozano Casanova; Rita María Saavedra Roche; Neyda Fernández Franch

2011-01-01

Este artículo de revisión aborda la temática de la evaluación del impacto de los resultados de la ciencia y la innovación en el desarrollo social, como un elemento indispensable para conocer el cumplimiento de las políticas sociales en ciencia y tecnología. Se abordan las definiciones de impacto, impacto social y evaluación del impacto desde la perspectiva de múltiples autores. Se establece que de las tres dimensiones del impacto, la científica, la económica y la social, es esta última la que...

Delivery practices, hygiene, birth attendance and neonatal infections ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Drawing attention to home birth conditions and subsequent neonatal infections is a key starting point to reducing neonatal morbidity which are a main cause of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: To determine the proportion of respiratory, ophthalmic, and diarrhoeal infections in neonates; the proportion ...

El impacto de la fusión de los icebergs en el nivel del mar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Domingo Villarroel Villamor

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Contrariamente a la creencia, muy extendida, de que la fusion de las grandes masas de hielo a la deriva en el oceano no repercute en un aumento del nivel del mar, lo cierto es que el deshielo de icebergs, barreras de hielo e incluso de la banquisa tiene, en el actual contexto de calentamiento global, un impacto nada despreciable en el nivel de los oceanos. Se presenta a continuacion una revision de este fenomeno y se propone un experimento ilustrativo que puede resultar util para ofrecer una experiencia directa relativa al impacto que sobre el nivel del mar tiene la fusion del hielo flotante en el oceano.

Incidence, risk factors, and mortality of neonatal and late-onset dilated cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac neonatal lupus.

Science.gov (United States)

Morel, Nathalie; Lévesque, Kateri; Maltret, Alice; Baron, Gabriel; Hamidou, Mohamed; Orquevaux, Pauline; Piette, Jean-Charles; Barriere, François; Le Bidois, Jérôme; Fermont, Laurent; Fain, Olivier; Theulin, Arnaud; Sassolas, François; Hauet, Quentin; Guettrot-Imbert, Gaëlle; Georgin-Lavialle, Sophie; Deligny, Christophe; Hachulla, Eric; Mouthon, Luc; Le Jeunne, Claire; Ravaud, Philippe; Le Mercier, Delphine; Romefort, Bénédicte; Villain, Elisabeth; Bonnet, Damien; Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nathalie

2017-12-01

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a well-known complication of cardiac neonatal lupus, is associated with high mortality rate. Its risk factors remain unclear. We analyzed occurrence of postnatal DCM among children with high-degree congenital heart block (CHB) and mothers with anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB antibodies. Among 187 neonates with CHB, 35 (18.8%, one missing data) had DCM and 22 (11.8%) died during a median follow-up of 7years [range: birth-36years]. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with postnatal DCM were in utero DCM (P=0.0199; HR=3.13 [95% CI: 1.20-8.16]), non-European origin (P=0.0052; HR=4.10 [95% CI: 1.81-9.28]) and pacemaker implantation (P=0.0013; HR=5.48 [95% CI: 1.94-15.47]). Postnatal DCM could be categorized in two subgroups: neonatal DCM (n=13, diagnosed at a median age of 0day [birth-4days]) and late-onset DCM (n=22, diagnosed at a median age of 15.2months [3.6months-22.8years]). Factors associated with neonatal DCM were in utero DCM, hydrops, endocardial fibroelastosis and pericardial effusion, whereas those associated with late-onset DCM were non-European origin, in utero mitral valve insufficiency, and pacemaker implantation. Fluorinated steroids showed no protective effect against late-onset DCM (P=0.27; HR=1.65 [95% CI: 0.63-4.25]). Probability of survival at 10years was 23.1% for newborns diagnosed neonatally with DCM, 53.9% for those who developed late-onset DCM, and 98.6% for those without DCM. Neonatal and late-onset DCM appear to be two different entities. None of the known risk factors associated with neonatal DCM predicted late-onset DCM. Long-term follow-up of cardiac function is warranted in all children with CHB. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Neurodevelopmental outcome after neonatal perforator stroke

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ecury-Goossen, Ginette M; van der Haer, Marit; Smit, Liesbeth S; Feijen-Roon, Monique; Lequin, Maarten; de Jonge, Rogier C J; Govaert, Paul; Dudink, Jeroen

AIM: To assess outcome after neonatal perforator stroke in the largest cohort to date. METHOD: Survivors from a cohort of children diagnosed with neonatal perforator stroke using cranial ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging were eligible for inclusion. Recovery and Recurrence Questionnaire

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Clinical practices in five Portuguese neonatal intensive care units

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. Guimarães

2010-03-01

2. O tratamento do canal arterial patente deve ser melhorado no centro 2. Conclusão: Neste estudo, a implementação de boas práticas para reduzir a lesão pulmonar nos recém-nascidos, de acordo com cada unidade, deve ser dirigida ao aumento da prescrição de corticosteróides pré-natais, ao uso de menor FiO2, ao uso criterioso de líquidos na primeiras semanas de vida, à prevenção do canal arterial patente e da sépsis. Guidelines, recomendações ou protocolos são necessários na melhoria da qualidade na prevenção da DBP. Key-words: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neonatal intensive care, preterm infants, better practices, mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, prenatal corticosteroids, sepsis, patent ductus arteriosus, Palavras-chave: Displasia broncopulmonar, cuidados intensivos neonatais, recém-nascidos de pré-termo, boas práticas, ventilação mecânica, oxigénio, corticosteróides pré-natais, sépsis, canal arterial patente

Bupivacaine versus lidocaine analgesia for neonatal circumcision

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stolik-Dollberg Orit C

2005-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Analgesia for neonatal circumcision was recently advocated for every male infant, and its use is considered essential by the American Academy of Pediatrics. We compared the post-operative analgesic quality of bupivacaine to that of lidocaine for achieving dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB when performing neonatal circumcision. Methods Data were obtained from 38 neonates following neonatal circumcision. The infants had received DPNB analgesia with either lidocaine or bupivacaine. The outcome variable was the administration by the parents of acetaminophen during the ensuing 24 hours. Results Seventeen infants received lidocaine and 19 received bupivacaine DPNB. Ten infants in the lidocaine group (59% were given acetaminophen following circumcision compared to only 3 (16% in the bupivacaine group (P 2 = 20.6; P = 0.006. Conclusion DPNB with bupivacaine for neonatal circumcision apparently confers better analgesia than lidocaine as judged by the requirement of acetaminophen over the ensuing 24-hour period.

Procedimiento para la gestión de los impactos ambientales negativos asociados a la recuperación de materias primas en Cienfuegos, Cuba.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Javier Castro Rodríguez

2016-04-01

Full Text Available El reciclaje constituye una actividad priorizada en Cuba. El objetivo fue implementar un procedimiento para la gestión de los impactos ambientales negativos asociados a los procesos operativos de la Empresa de Recuperación de Materias Primas de Cienfuegos. El procedimiento se construyó utilizando la propuesta del Instituto Andaluz de Tecnología para la gestión por procesos y los ocho pasos en la solución de problemas. Se combinaron herramientas de gestión bajo el principio de convergencia metodológica. Los impactos ambientales fueron evaluados mediante el software GAIA versión 1.0, utilizando los criterios propuestos por la Guía Metodológica de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental de Conesa. Se identificaron 97 impactos ambientales negativos, entre severos y moderados integraron el 80.41 % de ellos. El factor ambiental más impactado fue el físico-químico con el 50.52 %. El subproceso no metálico resultó el más impactante, con el 50 % de los impactos severos negativos totales y el 34 % de los moderados. Se identificaron las principales causas asociadas y se diseñó un plan de intervención de 35 medidas con base en los principios de Producción Más Limpia. Los resultados contribuyen a lograr la gestión de los impactos ambientales negativos de la entidad y a la sostenibilidad del reciclaje.

"¿CÓMO HA IDO LA FERIA?" ESTIMACIÓN DEL IMPACTO ECONÓMICO DE ACONTECIMIENTOS TURÍSTICOS: TRES ESTUDIOS DE CASO

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José A. Corral

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Los acontecimientos pueden contribuir al desarrollo turístico de una ciudad y beneficiar a sus habitantes y empresas. Sin embargo, para poder diseñar los acontecimientos correctamente, es necesario comprender qué características determinan su impacto económico. Esta investigación pretende contribuir a tal entendimiento mediante la estimación y comparación del impacto económico de tres acontecimientos. Para estimar el impacto económico adoptamos un modelo básico de tres factores: (1 número de visitantes por (2 gasto medio por turista por (3 multiplicador. Primero estimamos el número de visitantes particulares y profesionales mediante diversos sistemas de conteo, encuestas personales e información suministrada por el organizador de los eventos. En segundo lugar, obtuvimos los importes y componentes del gasto de los visitantes por medio de una encuesta; también contamos los gastos de organización de los eventos a partir de sus respectivos presupuestos. Y, tercero, utilizamos multiplicadores de tablas input-output para analizar el impacto de los gastos directos sobre la producción, el valor añadido y el empleo y su distribución entre sectores económicos. Además, calculamos y comparamos ratios de rentabilidad de los tres eventos y dimos recomendaciones para aumentar su impacto económico.

Structural Connectivity Asymmetry in the Neonatal Brain

OpenAIRE

Ratnarajah, Nagulan; Rifkin-Graboi, Anne; Fortier, Marielle V.; Chong, Yap Seng; Kwek, Kenneth; Saw, Seang-Mei; Godfrey, Keith M; Gluckman, Peter D.; Meaney, Michael J.; Qiu, Anqi

2013-01-01

Asymmetry of the neonatal brain is not yet understood at the level of structural connectivity. We utilized DTI deterministic tractography and structural network analysis based on graph theory to determine the pattern of structural connectivity asymmetry in 124 normal neonates. We tracted white matter axonal pathways characterizing interregional connections among brain regions and inferred asymmetry in left and right anatomical network properties. Our findings revealed that in neonates, small-...

Auditoria de enfermagem: o impacto das anotaçóes de enfermagem no contexto das glosas hospitalares

OpenAIRE

Ferreira, Tânia S; de Souza-Braga, André Luiz; Cavalcanti-Valente, Geilsa Soraia; Ferreira de Souza, Deise; Moreira Carvalho-Alves, Enilda

2009-01-01

Este estudo tratou da nossa observação frente ao impacto das anotações de enfermagem no contexto das glosas hospitalares. Nesta perspectiva, a pesquisa se norteia pela seguinte questão: como o profissional de enfermagem pode contribuir através dos registros para não ocorrência da glosa? Temos como objetivo identificar o impacto causado pelo não registro de enfermagem contrapondo às eventuais glosas, evidenciando os principais tipos decorrentes destes registros. Metodologicamente a pesquisa ut...

Sensibilidade e aleitamento materno em díades com recém-nascidos de risco Breastfeeding and maternal sensitivity in dyads with infants born at risk

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Cristiane Alfaya

2005-08-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo investigou a relação entre o tipo de alimentação do bebê (aleitamento materno, fórmula e alimentação mista e os comportamentos de interação mãe-bebê, a partir do conceito de sensibilidade materna. Participaram 20 díades com bebês nascidos pré-termos (Grupo I que necessitaram de tratamento intensivo neonatal, 14 díades com bebês nascidos a termo (Grupo II que necessitaram de tratamento intensivo neonatal, e 24 díades com bebês nascidos a termo sadios (Grupo III. O risco do recém-nascido foi considerado a partir de sua necessidade de tratamento intensivo neonatal. A interação mãe-bebê foi filmada durante a situação de face-a-face, aos dois meses de idade do bebê, e avaliada conforme o Protocolo de Interação Mãe-Bebê (Schermann et al. 1994 que pontua itens referentes aos comportamentos interativos da mãe, do bebê e da díade mãe-bebê. Os resultados mostraram que a sensibilidade materna diferiu entre os três grupos investigados (p = 0,039, havendo maior incidência no Grupo III (grupo controle. A partir do estudo realizado, é possível inferir que a sensibilidade materna é mais favorável em mães de bebês nascidos a termo e sadios do que em mães de bebês nascidos com risco neonatal. O aleitamento materno é um importante fator que promove o estabelecimento de uma sensibilidade materna mais favorável, sendo fundamental o incentivo da amamentação mesmo para recém-nascidos pré-termo e a termo de risco.The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between the kinds of infant's feeding (breastfeeding, complement and mixed and the mother-infant interactional behaviors. The participants included 20 dyads of pre-term infant (Group I who had needed intensive care, 14 dyads of full-term infant (Group II who had needed intensive care, and 24 dyads of full-term health infants (Group III. The risk was considered by the neonatal intensive care needed. The mother-infant interaction was

Neonatal transport practices in Ibadan, Nigeria | Abdulraheem | Pan ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Introduction: Neonatal transport involves moving sick neonates in optimal conditions to ensure good outcomes. It is well organized in most developed countries but receives little attention in developing countries where the highest burden of neonatal mortality exists and a large number of newborns require referrals daily for ...

Comparison of blood lead levels of mothers and cord blood in intrauterine growth retarded neonates and normal term neonates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iranpour, R.; Besharati, Amir A.; Nasseri, F.; Hashemipour, M.; Kelishadi, R.; Balali-Mood, M.

2007-01-01

Objective was to compare the blood lead levels of mothers and cord blood in intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) neonates and normal term neonates. From April 2005, we carried out a cross-sectional, prospective study in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Blood lead levels were measured in the umbilical cord and maternal venous blood samples in the 32 mother-infant pairs with IUGR full term neonates and 34 mother-infant pairs with normal full term neonates. Blood-lead levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean lead concentration in neonates of IUGR and normal groups was not significantly different (107.47+- 16.75 versus 113.08+-19.08 ug/L, p=0.2). The mean lead concentration in mothers of IUGR group was lower than normal groups, but this difference was not significant (124.56+-19.71 versus 135.26+-26.91 ug/L, p=0.07). Maternal lead levels were strongly related with related with cord blood in both IUGR and normal groups (r=0.8, p 100ug/L by the centers for disease control; however, this was not statistically different between the groups. Our results indicate that the mean lead level was not higher in IUGR neonates, and the whole blood lead was not related to the birth weight. In addition, maternal and cord blood lead levels were strongly correlated, and there were remarkable lead burdens on both the mothers and their neonates in this industrial area. (author)

Ethical issues in neonatal research involving human subjects.

Science.gov (United States)

Fleischman, Alan R

2016-06-01

Research involving critically ill neonates creates many ethical challenges. Neonatal clinical research has always been hard to perform, is very expensive, and may generate some unique ethical concerns. This article describes some examples of historical and modern controversies in neonatal research, discusses the justification for research involving such vulnerable and fragile patients, clarifies current federal regulations that govern research involving neonates, and suggests ways that clinical investigators can develop and implement ethically grounded human subjects research. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The sonographic features of neonatal appendicitis: A case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Si, Shu-Yu; Guo, Yi-Yi; Mu, Jian-Feng; Yan, Chao-Ying

2017-11-01

Neonatal appendicitis is extremely rare, and preoperative diagnosis is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the utility of ultrasound for the diagnosis of neonatal appendicitis. Four cases of neonatal appendicitis were included in this case series. One was a female infant and the other 3 were male infants; they were aged from 10 to 17 days. Neonatal appendicitis. Four newborns in our hospital were diagnosed with neonatal appendicitis by abdominal ultrasound. Their sonographic features were summarized and compared with surgical and pathological findings. In these infants, abdominal ultrasound demonstrated ileocecal bowel dilatation, intestinal and bowel wall thickening, and localized encapsulated effusion in the right lower quadrant and the abscess area, which was assumed to surround the appendix. Ultrasound is helpful for the diagnosis of neonatal appendicitis.

Involvement of parents in care. Telemedicin neonatal homecare

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, K. G.; Brødsgaard, Anne; Zachariassen, G.

2015-01-01

INTRODUCTION Neonatal homecare (NH) is an alternative to hospitalization for healthy preterm infants dependent only on tube feeding. NH implies parents managing tube feeding while establishing breastfeeding at home with support from neonatal nurses offering home visits regularly, until breastfeed......INTRODUCTION Neonatal homecare (NH) is an alternative to hospitalization for healthy preterm infants dependent only on tube feeding. NH implies parents managing tube feeding while establishing breastfeeding at home with support from neonatal nurses offering home visits regularly, until...... breastfeeding is established. Home visits are time consuming and challenging for neonatal units covering big geographical areas and therefore replacements for home visits should be considered. The aim of this study is to identify parent’s needs when receiving NH and thereby identify requirements...

Prenatal cocaine exposure and neonatal/infant outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Cambell, Shelly

2003-01-01

Illegal drug use throughout the nation is a problem of epidemic proportion. Of particular concern is drug use among pregnant women. In most cases, these women have little hope of achieving a better life for themselves or their children. Illegal drugs, cocaine in particular, can have devastating effects on the neonate. These effects can last well into childhood and can exhibit themselves in academic, social, and family situations. Challenges for the neonatal nurse include early identification of these infants and use of available resources. This article addresses prenatal cocaine use and support services for drug-dependent women, effects of cocaine during the neonatal period, possible neonatal and infant outcomes, and implications for nursing practice.

Time for a neonatal-specific consensus definition for sepsis.

Science.gov (United States)

Wynn, James L; Wong, Hector R; Shanley, Thomas P; Bizzarro, Matthew J; Saiman, Lisa; Polin, Richard A

2014-07-01

To review the accuracy of the pediatric consensus definition of sepsis in term neonates and to determine the definition of neonatal sepsis used. The review focused primarily on pediatric literature relevant to the topic of interest. Neonatal sepsis is variably defined based on a number of clinical and laboratory criteria that make the study of this common and devastating condition very difficult. Diagnostic challenges and uncertain disease epidemiology necessarily result from a variable definition of disease. In 2005, intensivists caring for children recognized that as new drugs became available, children would be increasingly studied and thus, pediatric-specific consensus definitions were needed. Pediatric sepsis criteria are not accurate for term neonates and have not been examined in preterm neonates for whom the developmental stage influences aberrations associated with host immune response. Thus, specific consensus definitions for both term and preterm neonates are needed. Such definitions are critical for the interpretation of observational studies, future training of scientists and practitioners, and implementation of clinical trials in neonates.

CT of the neonatal head

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohan, S.; Rogan, E.A.; Batty, R.; Raghavan, A.; Whitby, E.H.; Hart, A.R.; Connolly, D.J.A.

2013-01-01

Computed tomography (CT) is used less often than other techniques on neonatal units. However, in the acute setting, CT can be invaluable in diagnosing or excluding potentially life-threatening conditions and guiding initial management in neonates. Common indications for scanning include trauma, suspected non-accidental injury, infection, or an acute hypoxic or metabolic event. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the normal neonatal head at CT and compare this to the common pathological abnormalities. Several key features of each condition will be highlighted. It is important to note that some pathological conditions can have overlapping features at CT and, therefore, the clinical history and additional investigations are also of key importance in determining the diagnosis

Neonatal sepsis: Highlighting the principles of diagnosis and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome consisting of nonspecific symptoms and signs of infection, accompanied by a bacteraemia in the first 28 days of life. The risk of neonatal sepsis and death increases with decreasing birth weight and gestational age. South African data have reported the overall incidence of neonatal ...

Propuesta para la medición del impacto de las TIC en la enseñanza universitaria Proposta para medir o impacto das TICs no ensino universitario Proposal for Measuring the Impact of ICT on College Teaching

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gloria Patricia Ávila-Fajardo

2011-04-01

Full Text Available El objetivo general de este artículo es establecer una metodología apropiada que permita medir el impacto de las TIC en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la educación superior (Impactic. El contexto de la investigación se centra en facultades de corte humanístico. La construcción de Impactic se encuentra relacionada con la fundamentación, especialmente en el análisis de los modelos pedagógicos, el proceso de inclusión de las TIC en el contexto educativo y el impacto de la tecnología en el ambiente educativo.Este trabalho desenvolve o objetivo geral de estabelecer uma metodologia adequada para medir o impacto das TICs no ensino-aprendizagem no ensino superior (IMPACTIC. O contexto da pesquisa centra-se em faculdades de tipo humanista. A construção de IMPACTIC fundamenta-se na análise de modelos pedagógicos, o processo de inclusão das TICs no contexto educacional e o impacto da tecnologia no ambiente educacional.The general objective of this article is to define at an appropriate method for measuring the impact of ICT on teaching-learning processes in higher education (IMPACTIC. In terms of its context, the study is centered on faculties in the area of humanities. The construction of IMPACTIC is related to the basics, particularly an analysis of teaching models, processes for incorporating ICT into educational contexts, and the impact of technology on the educational environment.

Maternal Risk Factors for Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Science.gov (United States)

March, Melissa I.; Gupta, Munish; Modest, Anna M.; Wu, Lily; Hacker, Michele R.; Martin, Camilia R.; Rana, Sarosh

2015-01-01

Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal hypertensive disease and other risk factors and the neonatal development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Methods This was a retrospective case control study of infants with NEC from 2008 to 2012. The primary exposure of interest was maternal hypertensive disease, which has been hypothesized to put infants at risk for NEC. Other variables collected included demographics, pregnancy complications, medications, and neonatal hospital course. Data was abstracted from medical records. Results 28 cases of singleton neonates with NEC and 81 matched controls were identified and analyzed. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome. Fetuses with an antenatal diagnosis of growth restriction were more likely to develop NEC (p=0.008). Infants with NEC had lower median birth weight than infants without NEC (p=0.009). Infants with NEC had more late-onset sepsis (p=0.01) and mortality before discharge (p=0.001). Conclusions The factors identified by this case-control study that increased the risk of neonatal NEC included intrauterine growth restriction and lower neonatal birth weight. The primary exposure, hypertensive disease, did not show a significantly increased risk of neonatal NEC, however there was a nearly two-fold difference observed. Our study was underpowered to detect the observed difference. PMID:25162307

Análise de impactos socioambientais da infra-estrutura de transporte na Bacia do Purus-AM.

OpenAIRE

Andrés Leandro Gumiero Jaime

2008-01-01

A bacia do rio Purus, na Amazônia Ocidental, apesar de figurar como uma das menos antropizadas bacias da margem direita do complexo Solimões-Amazonas, já apresenta pontos de impacto antrópico associado à expansão da fronteira agropecuária. Tal impacto tem no estabelecimento da infra-estrutura de transportes seu principal eixo de avanço. Foi feita a simulação de alguns trechos de rodovias interligando municípios correspondente ao médio Purus (conforme designação proposta por SOUSA JÚNIOR et al...

[Neonatal cholestasis

Science.gov (United States)

Roquete, M L

2000-07-01

OBJECTIVE: To warn pediatricians about the early recognition of cholestasis in newborns and infants. METHODS: A bibliographic research about cholestasis was performed using Medline, and emphasizing the most relevant publications of the last 30 years. RESULTS: The concept of cholestasis and the causes of cholestatic tendency in newborns and infants are described. Several causes of intra and extrahepatic cholestasis are reported as well. In this review, only the diseases with diagnostic, therapeutic or prognostic peculiarities are commented, including extrahepatic biliary atresia, idiopathic neonatal hepatitis, galactosemia, and Alagille s syndrome. Furthermore, several resources are discussed for the diagnosis of cholestasis. CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of the diagnosis of cholestasis through the detection of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns who present jaundice after 14 days of life is a goal that could change the prognosis of several diseases responsible for neonatal cholestasis.

Study on the relationship between enkephalin and neonatal asphyxia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu Dian; Jin Zhijun; Xiong Ying; Cao Liping; Gu Hang; Hong Xinru; Wang Chenghai

2003-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the role of enkephalin in the neonatal asphyxia. Methods: Near-term pregnant rabbits were asphyxiated. The rabbit fetuses were delivered by cesarean section and were asphyxiated with the 1 min Apgar scores ranging at 2 to 7. All the neonatal rabbits delivered by asphyxiated mother rabbits were randomized into four groups: neonatal asphyxia untreated (asphyxia group), neonatal asphyxia treated with ICI 174864 ( ICI group), neonatal asphyxia treated with enkephalin anti-serum (anti-serum group), neonatal asphyxia treated with normal rabbit serum (serum group). A group of intact neonatal rabbits delivered by nonasphyxiated mother rabbits were used as control group. All the study neonatal rabbits were scored according to the respiration, heart beat, skin color, muscle tone, reflexes at 1, 5, 10, 15 and 30 min after cesarean delivery. The concentration of enkephalin was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: 1) The levels of enkephalin in hypothalamus, pituitary and peripheral blood in asphyxia group were (635.2±57.6), (452.7±37.5) and (297.6±28.4) ng/L, respectively; in the control group, (185.7±29.6), (150.9±21.4) and (121.5±19.9) ng/L, respectively. The levels of enkephalin in asphyxia group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P 0.05). Conclusions: The neonatal asphyxia was associated with enkephalin. The changes of enkephalin levels may play an important role in the pathophysiological changes in neonatal asphyxia; delta-receptors may play certain role in conducting the enkephalin effect

Acute renal failure in asphyxiated term neonates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pejović Biljana

2002-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION Acute renal failure (ARF is a frequent clinical condition in neonatal intensive care units (NICU. The leading cause of neonatal ARF is perinatal asphyxia (PS. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the degree of PS and the severity of ARF in term neonates. METHODS A prospective survey of 31 term neonates with Ps and but without congenital malformations or sepsis was performed in NICU of the regional Hospital of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in Belgrade (average number of deliveries about 6000 per year. ARF was diagnosed in the first 7 days of life when plasma creatinine was above 133 μmοΙ/L for at least 48 hours while maternal renal function was normal. The degree of PS was determined according to Apgar score (AS at 1 min. The severe PS was defined as AS < 3 and moderate PS as AS 4-6. RESULTS Twenty neonates (64% had oliguric ARF with urine output of 0.37 ±0.16 ml/kg/h while the others had nonoliguric ARF with urine output of 2.4 ± 0.7 ml/kg/h. Most of neonates with oliguric ARF (65% had severe perinatal asphuxia while in those with nonoliguric ARF moderate perinatal asphyxia predominated (73%. DISCUSSION During hypoxic-ischaemic events many organs are injured, and the most vulnerable ones are kidneys and central nervous system. Our results showed a strong connection between perinatal asphyxia and A, which was in accordance with the results of other studies. Neonates with severe perinatal asphyxia had serious impairment of renal function, which was confirmed with strong correlation between Apgar score and plasma creatinine. In neonates with oliguric ARF, but not in those with nonoliguric ARF, the highly positive linear correlations were found between AS and urinary output (r = 0.77; p < 0.01, plasma creatinine (r = 0.78; p < 0.01, fractional excretion of sodium (r = 0.76; p < 0.01, and index of renal failure (r = 0.80; p < 0.01. Only in oliguric neonates with severe perinatal asphyxia (31 % the outcome was

Length of stay and cost analysis of neonates undergoing surgery at a tertiary neonatal unit in England.

Science.gov (United States)

Shetty, S; Kennea, N; Desai, P; Giuliani, S; Richards, J

2016-01-01

Introduction There is a lack of knowledge on the average length of stay (LOS) in neonatal units after surgical repair of common congenital anomalies. There are few if any publications reporting the activity performed by units undertaking neonatal surgery. Such activity is important for contracting arrangements, commissioning specialist services and counselling parents. The aim of this study was to describe postnatal LOS for infants admitted to a single tertiary referral neonatal unit with congenital malformations requiring surgery. Methods Data on nine conditions were collected prospectively for babies on the neonatal unit over a five-year period (2006-2011). For those transferred back to their local unit following surgery, the local unit was contacted to determine the total LOS. Only those babies who had surgery during their first admission to our unit and who survived to discharge were included in the study. Cost estimates were based on the tariffs agreed for neonatal care between our trust and the London specialised commissioning group in 2011-2012. Results The median LOS for the conditions studied was: gastroschisis 35 days (range: 19-154 days), oesophageal atresia 33 days (range: 9-133 days), congenital diaphragmatic hernia 28 days (range: 7-99 days), intestinal atresia 24 days (range: 6-168 days), Hirschsprung's disease 21 days (range: 15-36 days), sacrococcygeal teratoma 17 days (range: 12-55 days), myelomeningocoele 15.5 days (range: 8-24 days), anorectal malformation 15 days (range: 6-90 days) and exomphalos 12 days (range: 3-228 days). The total neonatal bed day costs for the median LOS ranged from £8,701 (myelomeningocoele) to £23,874 (gastroschisis). The cost of surgery was not included. Conclusions There is wide variation in LOS for the same conditions in a single neonatal unit. This can be explained by different types and severity within the same congenital anomalies, different surgeons and other clinical confounders (eg sepsis, surgical

[Clinical efficacy of flomoxef in neonatal bacterial infection].

Science.gov (United States)

Sakata, H; Hirano, Y; Maruyama, S

1993-03-01

One hundred and seventy one neonates were treated with flomoxef (FMOX) and the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated. The ages of the patients ranged from 0 to 28 days, and their body weights from 450 to 4300 g. Dose levels were 12.4 to 24.9 mg/kg every 8 or 12 hours for 1 to 10 days. Fifty two patients who responded to the FMOX treatment included 5 neonates with sepsis, 17 with suspected sepsis, 9 with urinary tract infections, 12 with pneumonia, 8 with intrauterine infections, and 1 with omphalitis. The other neonates could not be retrospectively diagnosed as bacterial infections. Of 52 patients, clinical results were excellent in 15, good in 34, fair in 1, and poor in 2. And the FMOX treatment was effective in 13 out of 14 patients in which causative bacteria were identified. The drug was well tolerated, but 6 neonates out of 33 over 5 days old had diarrhea. From these results, empiric treatment with FMOX against neonatal bacterial infection was as clinically useful as that of combination with ampicillin and gentamicin or cefotaxime and ampicillin in our neonatal intensive care unit. But, as this study did not include neonate with meningitis, efficacy to meningitis was not evaluated.

IDENTIFICACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DE LOS CRITERIOS DE CAMBIOS DEL SISTEMA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN TURÍSTICO ASOCIADOS AL USO INTENSIVO DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN Y DE LA COMUNICACIÓN

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Berné Manero, Carmen

2013-05-01

Full Text Available La literatura asigna unánimemente a las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación (TIC la facultad de incrementar la eficacia de la cooperación entre los operadores turísticos y la de favorecer el desarrollo de la industria turística. Sin embargo, no existe una síntesis de la investigación teórica que permita abordar un análisis empírico dirigido a reducir la incertidumbre que se cierne sobre el futuro de la estructura del sistema de distribución turístico como consecuencia de un uso intensivo de las TIC. Así, el propósito de este trabajo es cubrir esta falta. Para ello, primero se identifican en la literatura los posibles cambios en el sistema que teóricamente pueden estar siendo generados por las TIC; segundo, se aplica este marco teórico a una base de datos que recoge información proporcionada por los intermediarios turísticos. El análisis factorial exploratorio encuentra que el uso intensivo de las TIC fomenta 4 tipos de cambios estructurales. La evolución del sector parece ligada a un incremento de canales directos así como al reposicionamiento de los proveedores, de los intermediarios (tanto tradicionales como virtuales y de los consumidores.

Revelação da ocorrência de erro de medicação em unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos Disclosure of medication error in a pediatric intensive care unit

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Aline Santa Cruz Belela

2010-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever a ocorrência de comunicação do erro de medicação à equipe e família em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos para atendimento de pacientes oncológicos. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e exploratório, realizado no período de 1º de março a 31 de maio de 2008. Foi elaborada e implantada na unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos uma ficha de notificação de erros de medicação. A ficha deveria ser preenchida pelos profissionais envolvidos no sistema de medicação da unidade no período definido para coleta de dados. . RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 71 fichas coletadas no período de estudo. Após a detecção do erro de medicação, a ocorrência não foi comunicada à equipe em 34 (47,9% situações. Nos 37 casos nos quais os eventos foram comunicados, o médico (48,7% foi aquele que mais recebeu a informação. Em 95,8% dos relatos a ocorrência não foi informada ao paciente e família. CONCLUSÃO: Embora a literatura atual preconize a revelação do erro, tal prática não constitui atividade freqüente na unidade de cuidados intensivos pediátricos estudada.OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency medication error disclosure to the team and to the family in an oncology pediatric patients' intensive care unit. METHODS: This was a descriptive and exploratory study performed between March 1 and May 31, 2008. A medication error report form was developed and implemented, to be completed by the professionals involved in the unit's medication process. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 71 forms collected over the 92 collection days. After medication error detection, the event was not reported to the pediatric intensive care unit's team in 34 (47.9% cases. In the 37 reported to the team cases, for most of them (48.7% the physician was the professional communicated. The event was not disclosed to the patient/family in 95.8% of medication error reports. CONCLUSIONS: Although the literature recommends

Neonatal Intrathoracic Stomach without Gastric Volvulus.

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Bokka, Sriharsha; Mohanty, Manoj Kumar

2016-10-01

Intrathoracic stomach is a rare and serious congenital abnormality. The anomaly may be complicated by gastric volvulus and can lead to ischemic gastric infarction in the neonate. If diagnosed antenatally, neonatal management can be planned in advance so as to reduce morbidity. This anomaly must be differentiated from the more common congenital diaphragmatic hernia, as associated pulmonary hypoplasia is common in the latter and rare with gastric herniation. We report a case of intrathoracic stomach in a neonate without volvulus, fortunately a rare entity which was managed operatively, and the child has been under regular follow-up.

Diseño de un sistema de gestión de calidad ISO 9001:2008 para las áreas de emergencia, cuidados intensivos y quirófano de la clínica del pacífico.

OpenAIRE

Vera Parra, Kary Estefanía; Peña Triviño, Israel Guillermo

2015-01-01

Diseño de un sistema de gestión de calidad ISO 9001:2008 para las áreas de emergencia, cuidados intensivos y quirófano de la clínica del pacífico. The design of a quality management system based on ISO 9001: 2008 in the Pacific Hospital aims to identify and develop the necessary documentation for compliance with the requirements of the standard, for continuous improvement of the organization.

Análisis de los impactos ambientales generados por parques eólicos. Caso práctico

OpenAIRE

Avilés, Antonio

2017-01-01

De conformidad con el Anexo II del Decreto -ley 5/2014, de 22 de abril, de medidas normativas para reducir las trabas administrativas para las empresas, los parques eólicos si tienen más de 6 aerogeneradores o 10 MW de potencia instalada, requieren una Autorización Ambiental Unificada ordinaria (AAU). Dicha autorización exige la redacción de un Estudio de Impacto Ambiental que analice y cuantifique los principales impactos a lo largo de las distintas fases del proyecto y establezca la...

La violencia en la región noroeste de Chihuahua. Experiencias e impactos desde la comunidad educativa

OpenAIRE

Marcos J. Estrada Ruiz; Adán Cano Aguilar

2013-01-01

La violencia escolar ha sido un tema explorado de manera importante en los últimos años desde la investigación educativa en México, sin embargo, en contextos de alta violencia no se han mostrado los impactos de la violencia extraescolar y estructural, en la escuela y en otros espacios comunitarios. El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación que tuvo por objetivo reconstruir el impacto de la violencia en la región noroeste de Chihuahua, desde la comunidad educativa (docentes, padres,...

Impacto de las redes de apoyo a la lactancia materna en la Región de Murcia

OpenAIRE

Baño Piñero, Isabel

2016-01-01

Antecedentes: Partimos de la hipótesis de que el impacto que ejercen las redes de apoyo a la lactancia materna, sobre las mujeres que lactan, es satisfactorio. Objetivos: Como objetivo general de este proyecto, nos proponemos conocer, valorar y descubrir cuál es el impacto real que ejercen las redes de apoyo a la lactancia materna sobre las mujeres que lactan a través de 5 objetivos específicos: 1. Conocer cuál es el grado de satisfacción percibido por las usuarias de los servicios de ...

Magnetic resonance imaging of neonatal brain. Assessment of normal and abnormal findings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hasegawa, Koh; Kadono, Naoko; Kawase, Shohji; Kihara, Minako; Matsuo, Yasutaka; Yoshioka, Hiroshi; Kinugasa, Akihiko; Sawada, Tadashi

1994-01-01

To establish the normal MRI appearance of the neonatal brain, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 124 neonates who admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit. Degree of myelination, ventricular size, width of the extracerebral space and focal lesion in the brain were evaluated to investigate the relationship between MRI findings of neonatal brain and the neurological prognosis. 85 neonates underwent MRI both at neonatal period and at the corrected age of one year. The change of abnormal MRI findings was evaluated. 19 neonates had abnormal neurological outcome on subsequent examinations. Delayed myelination, ventriculomegaly and large extracerebral space were seen in 13, 7 and 9 neonates respectively. 4, 3 and 5 neonates out of them showed abnormal neurological prognosis respectively. Of the 19 neonates with focal lesion in MRI, 2 had parenchymal hematoma in the brain, 2 had subdural hematoma, 5 had chronic hematoma following subependymal hemorrhage, 6 had cystic formation following subependymal hemorrhage, 2 had subcortical leukomalacia, one had periventricular leukomalacia and one had cyst in the parenchyma of cerebellum. 4 neonates of 19 with focal lesion in MRI showed abnormal development. Of the neonates who had abnormal neurological prognosis, 7 neonates showed no abnormal finding in MRI at neonatal period. 3 of them had mild mental retardation. MRI shows promise in the neonatal period. It facilitates recognition of abnormalities of neonatal brain and may be used to predict abnormal neurologic outcome. However physiological change in the brain of neonates, especially of premature neonates, should be considered on interpreting these findings. Awareness of developmental features should help to minimize misinterpretation of normal changes in the neonatal brain. (author)

Magnetic resonance imaging of neonatal brain. Assessment of normal and abnormal findings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hasegawa, Koh; Kadono, Naoko; Kawase, Shohji; Kihara, Minako; Matsuo, Yasutaka; Yoshioka, Hiroshi; Kinugasa, Akihiko; Sawada, Tadashi (Kyoto Prefectural Univ. of Medicine (Japan))

1994-11-01

To establish the normal MRI appearance of the neonatal brain, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 124 neonates who admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit. Degree of myelination, ventricular size, width of the extracerebral space and focal lesion in the brain were evaluated to investigate the relationship between MRI findings of neonatal brain and the neurological prognosis. 85 neonates underwent MRI both at neonatal period and at the corrected age of one year. The change of abnormal MRI findings was evaluated. 19 neonates had abnormal neurological outcome on subsequent examinations. Delayed myelination, ventriculomegaly and large extracerebral space were seen in 13, 7 and 9 neonates respectively. 4, 3 and 5 neonates out of them showed abnormal neurological prognosis respectively. Of the 19 neonates with focal lesion in MRI, 2 had parenchymal hematoma in the brain, 2 had subdural hematoma, 5 had chronic hematoma following subependymal hemorrhage, 6 had cystic formation following subependymal hemorrhage, 2 had subcortical leukomalacia, one had periventricular leukomalacia and one had cyst in the parenchyma of cerebellum. 4 neonates of 19 with focal lesion in MRI showed abnormal development. Of the neonates who had abnormal neurological prognosis, 7 neonates showed no abnormal finding in MRI at neonatal period. 3 of them had mild mental retardation. MRI shows promise in the neonatal period. It facilitates recognition of abnormalities of neonatal brain and may be used to predict abnormal neurologic outcome. However physiological change in the brain of neonates, especially of premature neonates, should be considered on interpreting these findings. Awareness of developmental features should help to minimize misinterpretation of normal changes in the neonatal brain. (author).

Maternal education and age: inequalities in neonatal death.

Science.gov (United States)

Fonseca, Sandra Costa; Flores, Patricia Viana Guimarães; Camargo, Kenneth Rochel; Pinheiro, Rejane Sobrino; Coeli, Claudia Medina

2017-11-17

Evaluate the interaction between maternal age and education level in neonatal mortality, as well as investigate the temporal evolution of neonatal mortality in each stratum formed by the combination of these two risk factors. A nonconcurrent cohort study, resulting from a probabilistic relationship between the Mortality Information System and the Live Birth Information System. To investigate the risk of neonatal death we performed a logistic regression, with an odds ratio estimate for the combined variable of maternal education and age, as well as the evaluation of additive and multiplicative interaction. The neonatal mortality rate time series, according to maternal education and age, was estimated by the Joinpoint Regression program. The neonatal mortality rate in the period was 8.09‰ and it was higher in newborns of mothers with low education levels: 12.7‰ (adolescent mothers) and 12.4‰ (mother 35 years old or older). Low level of education, without the age effect, increased the chance of neonatal death by 25% (OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.14-1.36). The isolated effect of age on neonatal death was higher for adolescent mothers (OR = 1.39, 95%CI 1.33-1.46) than for mothers aged ≥ 35 years (OR = 1.16, 95%CI 1.09-1.23). In the time-trend analysis, no age group of women with low education levels presented a reduction in the neonatal mortality rate for the period, as opposed to women with intermediate or high levels of education, where the reduction was significant, around 4% annually. Two more vulnerable groups - adolescents with low levels of education and older women with low levels of education - were identified in relation to the risk of neonatal death and inequality in reducing the mortality rate.

Adoecimento e finitude: considerações sobre a abordagem interdisciplinar no Centro de Tratamento Intensivo oncológico

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Luciana da Silva Alcantara

2013-09-01

Full Text Available O adoecimento por câncer, que envolve sobremaneira tratamento invasivo e mutilador, traz repercussões na vida dos sujeitos, remontando a um imaginário de associação à dor, limitações e receio da morte, o que demanda a participação do familiar ou responsável pelo paciente durante o tratamento. O atendimento aos familiares ou responsáveis pelo paciente é um importante conteúdo da avaliação do cuidado nas instituições de saúde, enquanto aspecto integrante do processo de humanização da assistência e que requer dos profissionais a capacitação para identificar e atender suas necessidades. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo trazer à tona algumas considerações sobre o trabalho interdisciplinar no acolhimento à família dos pacientes do Centro de Tratamento Intensivo adulto do Hospital do Câncer I, enquanto proposta eficiente no que tange ao atendimento de tais necessidades de informação clínica, orientação e suporte social, clínico e/ou psicológico.

The Tuning of Human Neonates' Preference for Speech

Science.gov (United States)

Vouloumanos, Athena; Hauser, Marc D.; Werker, Janet F.; Martin, Alia

2010-01-01

Human neonates prefer listening to speech compared to many nonspeech sounds, suggesting that humans are born with a bias for speech. However, neonates' preference may derive from properties of speech that are not unique but instead are shared with the vocalizations of other species. To test this, thirty neonates and sixteen 3-month-olds were…

Avaliação de impactos ambientais de rodovias no Módulo II da Floresta Estadual do Amapá

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Gleyce Vilhena

2017-12-01

Full Text Available A rede rodoviária no Amapá é fundamental para o desenvolvimento das atividades produtivas nas cadeias extrativistas, florestal e mineral. A Floresta Estadual do Amapá (FLOTA, Unidade de Conservação de uso sustentável, foi implantada visando entre outras atividades, aproveitar o grande potencial dos recursos florestais. Composta de quatro módulos-áre é acessada através de rodovias conectadas aos dois principais eixos rodoviários do Estado, as BR-210 e 156. Esta pesquisa buscou realizar a avaliação dos impactos ambientais causados pela alteraçao do relevo na construção da rodovia de acesso ao entorno do modulo II da FLOTA e elaborar um modelo menos impactante para acesso às areas de manejo florestal. Para a avaliação de impactos utilizou-se o método de sobreposição de cartas com suporte na Matriz de Leopold. Constatou-se que os impactos ambientais causados pela estrada implantada no entorno, apresentam maior magnitude e importância quando comparados aos impactos do modelo de projeto geométrico proposto, elaborado com maior precisão na análise dos elementos do relevo.

Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction-Four Year Experience

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D. Rathore

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Aim of study: To study the aetiology and frequency, sex incidence, age of presentation, management and outcome of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Material and Methods: This prospective study of 316 neonates with intestinal obstruction was conducted over a period of 4 years from November 2009 to October 2013 at single institute. These cases were managed by various surgical procedures. Their epidemiology, day of presentation, associated anomalies and outcomes were studied. Results: A total of 316 neonates (277 males and 39 females were operated for intestinal obstruction. 268(84.81% neonates presented in the 1st week of life. Imperforate anus occurred in 206 (65.19%.Small bowel atresia accounted for23 (7.27% cases while duodenal atresia was seen in19 (6.01% patients. Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and Malrotation each occurred in 14 (4.43% patients; Hirschsprung’s disease in 18(5.69%, Necrotising Enterocolitis in 12(3.79%, Meconium disease of newborn in 9(2.85% while colonic atresia was seen in one (0.3% patient. Colostomy was performed in 145(45.88%, Pouchostomy in 15(4.74% and Cutback anoplasty in 56(17.72% patients. Ramsted’s Pyloromyotomy in 13(4.11%% neonates, Laparoscopic Pyloromyotomy in 1(0.3%,Kimura’s Duodenoduodenostomy in 19(6.01% ,End to Back anastomosis in 24(7.59% , End to End anastomosis in 7(2.21% , Multiple anastomosis in 2(0.6% , Enterotomy with irrigation in 7(2.21% , Ladd’s procedure in 14(4.43% , ,Single stage transanal pull through in 8(2.53% , Ileostomy in 2(0.6% , Single stage Abdominoperineal pull through in 2(0.6%, Levelling colostomy in 6(1.89% ,Peritoneal drain insertion under Local anaesthesia in 5(1.58% . Overall mortality was 13.60%. Conclusion: Intestinal Obstruction is the most common surgical emergency in neonatal period. Early and accurate diagnosis is paramount for proper patient management. The etiology, mode of presentation, morbidity and outcome of surgery of intestinal obstruction in

Managing neonatal bowel obstruction: clinical perspectives

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Desoky SM

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Sarah M Desoky,1 Ranjit I Kylat,2 Unni Udayasankar,1 Dorothy Gilbertson-Dahdal1 1Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA; 2Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA Abstract: Neonatal intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency and occurs in approximately 1 in 2,000 live births. The causes of obstruction are diverse with varied embryological origins, and some underlying etiologies are not yet well described. Some findings of neonatal bowel obstruction can be detected prenatally on ultrasound imaging. The obstruction is classified as “high” when the level of obstruction is proximal to the ileum, and “low” when the level of obstruction is at the ileum or colon. Early diagnosis of the type of intestinal obstruction and localization of the obstructive bowel segment guides timely and appropriate management of the underlying pathologic entity. Neonatal bowel obstructions are ideally managed at specialized centers with a large volume of neonatal surgery and dedicated pediatric surgical and anesthesia expertise. Although surgical intervention is necessary in most cases, initial management strategies often target underlying metabolic, cardiac, or respiratory abnormalities. Imaging plays a key role in early and accurate diagnosis of the abnormalities. When bowel obstruction is suspected clinically, initial imaging workup usually involves abdominal radiography, which may direct further evaluation with fluoroscopic examination such as upper gastrointestinal (UGI contrast study or contrast enema. This article provides a comprehensive review of clinical and radiological features of common and less common causes of intestinal obstruction in the neonatal age group, including esophageal atresia, enteric duplication cysts, gastric volvulus, congenital microgastria, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, duodenal atresia

O sentido do ser-mãe-que-tem-a-possibilidade-de-tocar-o-filho-prematuro na unidade intensiva: contribuições para a enfermagem neonatal El significado de ser la madre-que-tiene-la-posibilidad-de-tocar-al-hijo-prematuro en la unidad de cuidados intensivos: contribuciones para la enfermería neonatal The meaning of being the mother-that-has-the-possibility-to-touch-the-premature-baby in the intensive unit: contributions for the neonatal nursing

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Rita de Cássia de Jesus Melo

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Estudo na abordagem teórico-metodológica heideggeriana com o objetivo de desvelar o sentido do ser-mãe que tem a possibilidade de tocar o filho prematuro na UTIN. Após aprovação foi desenvolvida entrevista fenomenológica com nove mulheres-mães. A análise compreensiva constituiu oito unidades de significação, e a hermenêutica permitiu desvelar o movimento existencial do sermãe em sua cotidianidade, nos modos de ser da inautenticidade e impessoalidade, movida pelo falatório, ambiguidade e temor, modos de ocupação. Ao compreender como sua a possibilidade de ter um filho prematuro, toca-o cautelosamente e cuidadosamente, transita para um entendimento no qual não mais se ocupa, se preo-cupa. Ao pre-ocupar, o ser-mãe estabelece a possibilidade de ser-aí-com-o-filho. Foi possível entender este modo de ser mãe, no qual passa por estágios antes de ver o bebê como seu e confiar em si. Possibilitar que toque seu filho, compreendendo-a em sua individualidade, singularidade, mostrou-se como um cuidado ao RNP em sua complexidade como ser-aí.Estudio en el enfoque teórico-metodológico heideggeriana con el objetivo de revelar el sentido del ser la madre que tiene la possibilidad de tocar el hijo prematuro en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal. Después de la aprobación, fue desarrollada una entrevista fenomenológica con nueve madres. El análisis comprehensivo constituyó ocho unidades de significación, la hermenéutica permitió revelar el movimiento existencial del ser madre en su cotidianidad, en los modos de ser de la falta de autenticidad e impersonalidad, movida por el chisme, la ambigüedad y miedo, modos de ocupación. Al comprender como de ella la posibilidad de tener un bebé prematuro, lo toca con cautela y cuidado, transita para un entendimiento en el cual no más se ocupa, se preocupa. Al preocuparse, el ser madre establece la posibilidad de ser-ahí-con-el-hijo. Fue posible entender este modo de ser madre, que

Pattern and prevalence of neonatal thrombocytopenia in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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Zaccheaus A Jeremiah

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Zaccheaus A Jeremiah1, Justina E Oburu21Hematology and Blood Transfusion Science Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria; 2Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, NigeriaBackground: In Port Harcourt, evidence-based guidelines for platelet transfusion therapy in neonatal patients are yet to be defined and the prevalence and pattern of neonatal thrombocytopenia has not yet been reported.Methods: Platelet counts of 132 neonatal patients admitted into the special care baby unit (SCBU at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in Nigeria were assessed using the International Committee on Standards in Hematology (ICSH approved manual procedures for hemocytometry.6Study design: This is a cross sectional study carried out on neonates to determine the prevalence and pattern of neonatal thrombocytopenia.Results: The median platelet count of the neonates was 97.0 × 109/L (interquartile range [IQR] 50–152 while the mean age was 61.7 hours (range 1–336 hours. The overall prevalence of neonatal thrombocytopenia was 53.0%. Mild thrombocytopenia (platelet count 51–100 × 109/L was found in 39.4% of the neonates, 12.1% had moderate thrombocytopenia (platelet count 30–50 × 109/L, while severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <30 × 109/L was detected in 1.5% of the neonates. Of these, 84.84% of the cases occurred within 72 hours (early onset. The most common clinical diagnosis among the neonates was severe birth asphyxia (33.3%, followed by neonatal jaundice (19.7%, neonatal sepsis (16.7%, low birth weight (13.6%, anemia and bleeding (6.1%, and other clinical conditions (10.6%. There was no association between clinical diagnosis and thrombocytopenia (Fisher’s exact test = 10.643; P = 0.923.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of early onset neonatal thrombocytopenia

A mortalidade neonatal em 1998, no município de Botucatu - SP La mortalidad neonatal en 1998, en el município de Botucatu-SP The neonatal mortality in 1998 at the municipality of Botucatu-SP

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Kátia Poles

2000-07-01

Full Text Available Considerando que a mortalidade neonatal é indicador da qualidade da assistência prestada à gestante, ao parto e ao recém-nascido, realizamos o presente trabalho, cujo objetivo foi identificar as causas e o índice de mortalidade neonatal durante o ano de 1998 em Botucatu-SP. O coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal obtido foi de 8,3/1000 nascidos vivos e o coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal precoce foi de 7,3/1000 nascidos vivos, confirmando a importância dos óbitos na primeira semana de vida. Aproximadamente três quartos dos óbitos puderam ser classificados como reduzíveis por diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, reduzíveis por adequada atenção ao parto ou parcialmente reduzíveis por adequado controle da gravidez, evidenciando que para se reduzir os índices de morte neonatal, deveremos investir na melhoria da qualidade da assistência prestada à gestante, à parturiente e ao neonato.Considerando que la mortalidad neonatal es un indicador de la calidad de la asistencia ofrecida en la gestación, al parto y al recién- nacido, realizamos el presente trabajo, con el objetivo de estudiar la mortalidad neonatal durante el año de 1998 en Botucatu-SP. El coeficiente de mortalidad neonatal encontrado fue 8,3/1000 nacidos vivos y el coeficiente de mortalidad neonatal precoz fue de 7,3/1000 nacidos vivos, confirmando la importancia de las defunciones en la primera semana de vida. Los resultados mostraron que aproximadamente tres cuartos de las defunciones pueden ser reducidas con el control del embarazo, con el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz o con la adecuada atención al parto, evidenciando que para reducir los índices de mortalidad neonatal, deberemos invertir en la mejoría de la calidad de la asistencia ofrecida en la gestación, en el parto y al recién-nacido.Considering that neonatal mortality is an indicator of the quality of the care provided to pregnant women, at childbirth as well as to the new born, authors developed the

Diagnostic imaging in neonatal stroke

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuhle, S.; Ipsiroglu, O.; Weninger, M.

2000-01-01

A cerebral artery infarction is an important differential diagnosis in the newborn with neurological abnormalities. Based on clinical data, its incidence is estimated to be 1 in 4000 newborns. Since the course is often subclinical, the true incidence is probably higher. Diagnosis: Cerebral ultrasound and Doppler sonography as readily available screening tools play a central role in the initial diagnosis of neonatal cerebral infarction. Definitive diagnosis is made by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Beside symptomatic anticonvulsive therapy, treatment aims at the prevention of secondary ischemic injury. Discussion: Three term infants with different clinical courses of neonatal stroke are presented to sensitize the clinician and the radiologist for this probably underdiagnosed entity. The role of imaging modalities in the diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal cerebral infarction is discussed. (orig.) [de

Neonatal maxillary orthopedics: past to present

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kuijpers-Jagtman, A.M.; Prahl, C.; Berkowitz, S.

2013-01-01

Neonatal maxillary orthopedics was introduced in the treatment protocol for cleft lip and palate in the 1950s of the last century. A wide range of appliances has been designed with pin-retained active appliances at one end of the spectrum and passive appliances at the other. Although neonatal

Neonatal seizures : Aetiology by means of a standardized work-up

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Loman, Annemiek M. W.; ter Horst, Henk J.; Lambrechtsen, Florise A. C. P.; Lunsing, Roelineke J.

Neonatal seizures are an alarming symptom and are frequent in neonates. It is important to find the cause of neonatal seizures to start a specific treatment and to give a meaningful prognosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of different aetiologies of neonatal seizures in our

Tei index in neonatal respiratory distress and perinatal asphyxia

OpenAIRE

Ahmed Anwer Attia Khattab

2015-01-01

Cardiovascular compromise is a common complication of neonatal respiratory distress and perinatal asphyxia. Tei index is a Doppler-derived index for the assessment of overall left ventricular function that combines systolic and diastolic time intervals. Aim: Assess the role of MPI versus cardiac troponin I as early indicator of hypoxic cardiac damage in neonates with respiratory distress or perinatal asphyxia. The present work was conducted on forty neonates, 15 with neonatal respiratory dist...

Bayesian automated cortical segmentation for neonatal MRI

Science.gov (United States)

Chou, Zane; Paquette, Natacha; Ganesh, Bhavana; Wang, Yalin; Ceschin, Rafael; Nelson, Marvin D.; Macyszyn, Luke; Gaonkar, Bilwaj; Panigrahy, Ashok; Lepore, Natasha

2017-11-01

Several attempts have been made in the past few years to develop and implement an automated segmentation of neonatal brain structural MRI. However, accurate automated MRI segmentation remains challenging in this population because of the low signal-to-noise ratio, large partial volume effects and inter-individual anatomical variability of the neonatal brain. In this paper, we propose a learning method for segmenting the whole brain cortical grey matter on neonatal T2-weighted images. We trained our algorithm using a neonatal dataset composed of 3 fullterm and 4 preterm infants scanned at term equivalent age. Our segmentation pipeline combines the FAST algorithm from the FSL library software and a Bayesian segmentation approach to create a threshold matrix that minimizes the error of mislabeling brain tissue types. Our method shows promising results with our pilot training set. In both preterm and full-term neonates, automated Bayesian segmentation generates a smoother and more consistent parcellation compared to FAST, while successfully removing the subcortical structure and cleaning the edges of the cortical grey matter. This method show promising refinement of the FAST segmentation by considerably reducing manual input and editing required from the user, and further improving reliability and processing time of neonatal MR images. Further improvement will include a larger dataset of training images acquired from different manufacturers.

Relictos del paisaje historico rural de Uruguay: Estructuras en piedra relevadas en estudios de impacto arqueológico.

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Irina Capdepont Caffa

2016-07-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan las evidencias materiales del paisaje rural de diferentes zonas de Uruguay. El registro material refiere a estructuras en piedra relevadas en estudios de evaluación y diagnostico de impacto arqueológico. Estos estudios han sido llevados a cabo en el marco de proyectos privados de emprendimientos mineros. Los proyectos, enmarcados en la Arqueología de Contrato, buscaron diagnosticar los impactos de las obras proyectadas sobre el registro arqueológico del área y establecer las correspondientes medidas de mitigación, corrección o compensación. Buscando ahondar en el conocimiento de los paisajes antrópicos de Uruguay se da continuidad a estos proyectos, entendiendo esta continuidad como parte de la mitigación del impacto. Se presentan cinco casos de estudio que evidencian procesos de ocupación y explotación llevados a cabo en el medio rural a partir del siglo XVII.

Evaluación de impacto aplicada a un proyecto de mercadeo social

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Luisa J. García

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Actualmente existe una nueva estrategia empresarial en donde el sectorprivado voluntariamente está buscando involucrarse en los temas sociales. Esta estrategia se conoce como Mercadeo Social y consiste básicamente en una actividad comercial en la cual la empresa privada y una entidad sin ánimo de lucro se alían para promover una marca, producto o servicio para mutuo beneficio. Un ejemplo de proyecto de Mercadeo Social en Colombia, consiste en una alianza entre una compañía multinacional y la Consejería Presidencial para la Equidad de la Mujer. Este proyecto busca ofrecer el acceso a microcréditos a mujeres cabeza de familia microempresarias con el fin de garantizar su independencia económica y en esta medida, luchar contra una de las principales causas de la violencia familiar contra la mujer. Tanto este proyecto como otros ejemplos de Mercadeo Social, promueven proyectos sociales que tienen un impacto directo sobre la sociedad que implica cambios en el bienestar de uno o varios grupos de la población afectados por estos proyectos. El objetivo de este trabajo es aplicar el Modelo de Emparejamiento de la metodología de Evaluación de Impacto al proyecto anteriormente mencionado, para determinar si el mismo ha tenido un impacto positivo para las mujeres beneficiarias en su nivel de ingresos en comparación con mujeres similares que no han sido beneficiarias del mismo. Se espera corroborar a partir de este ejercicio, que dicho proyecto si ha contribuido al bienestar económico y social de muchas mujeres colombianas a la luz de la teoría económica.

Impacto del estoma enteral en el niño y la familia

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SANDRA GUERRERO

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Las consecuencias para la familia de tener un hijo con estoma entérico han sido objeto de numerosas inquietudes en la práctica de enfermería. Este tipo de estoma se realiza en los niños como un procedimiento coadyuvante en el tratamiento de un problema de origen congénito, patológico o traumático, pero hay evidencias que indican que esta modificación funcional tiene impacto en diferentes aspectos de la vida cotidiana de la familia. Objetivo: identificar las evidencias en la literatura médica sobre el impacto de un estoma entérico (ileostomía y colostomía para el niño y su familia. Método: revisión bibliográfica de 14 investigaciones que abordan las vivencias de la familia y el niño ostomizado, localizadas en las bases de datos Cinahl, Medline, Ovid, Proquest, Lilacs y Dedalus. Resultados: mediante el análisis realizado se puede concluir que, pese a que los profesionales de la salud consideran que los estomas son una tecnología de baja complejidad, para el niño y la familia no tienen el mismo significado ya que alteran el estilo de vida y la dinámica familiar. Conclusiones: los resultados del análisis indicaron que hay necesidad de comprensión sobre el tema, con el fin de contribuir a la construcción del conocimiento, dirigido a la implementación de intervenciones que consideren el impacto del estoma sobre el niño y su familia.

Neonatal Sepsis: past, present and future; a review article | Tripathi ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal mortality. As per National Neonatal Perinatal Database (NNPD) 2002-2003, the incidence of neonatal sepsis in India was 30 per 1000 live birth. It is 3% among intramural babies and 39.7% among extramural admissions. The early manifestations of neonatal sepsis are vague ...

La violencia en la región noroeste de Chihuahua. Experiencias e impactos desde la comunidad educativa

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Marcos J. Estrada Ruiz

2013-01-01

Full Text Available La violencia escolar ha sido un tema explorado de manera importante en los últimos años desde la investigación educativa en México, sin embargo, en contextos de alta violencia no se han mostrado los impactos de la violencia extraescolar y estructural, en la escuela y en otros espacios comunitarios. El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación que tuvo por objetivo reconstruir el impacto de la violencia en la región noroeste de Chihuahua, desde la comunidad educativa (docentes, padres, estudiantes de dos municipios en particular. A la manera de estudios en caso y recurriendo al análisis de contenido, se analizanlos impactos en la percepción del incremento de la violencia a partir de la experiencia directa; la modificación de la dinámica de las escuelas; el abandono de los espacios públicos y el señalamiento de “nuevos” actores, aparentemente ajenos a la comunidad, que aparecen a priori por su condición social, como los responsables de la violencia.

Long-term use of neonatal helmet-CPAP: a case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Doglioni, N; Micaglio, M; Zanardo, V; Trevisanuto, D

2009-12-01

In a recent short-term physiological study, we demonstrated a new continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) system (neonatal helmet-CPAP) that could be a feasible device for managing preterm infants needing continuous distending pressure with better tolerability than nasal-CPAP. However, its application for a long-term period has never been reported in neonates. Here, we describe the use of neonatal helmet-CPAP in a neonate with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Twenty minutes after neonatal helmet-CPAP placement, the baseline post-ductal tcSaO2 (66%) and alveolar-arterial gradient O2 improved from 66% and 648 mmHg to 100% and 465 mmHg, respectively. The neonatal helmet-CPAP was applied for 48 hours and was well-tolerated by the patient without complications. Long-term use of neonatal helmet-CPAP appears feasible and well-tolerated. Comparative trials are needed.

Two denominators for one numerator: the example of neonatal mortality.

Science.gov (United States)

Harmon, Quaker E; Basso, Olga; Weinberg, Clarice R; Wilcox, Allen J

2018-06-01

Preterm delivery is one of the strongest predictors of neonatal mortality. A given exposure may increase neonatal mortality directly, or indirectly by increasing the risk of preterm birth. Efforts to assess these direct and indirect effects are complicated by the fact that neonatal mortality arises from two distinct denominators (i.e. two risk sets). One risk set comprises fetuses, susceptible to intrauterine pathologies (such as malformations or infection), which can result in neonatal death. The other risk set comprises live births, who (unlike fetuses) are susceptible to problems of immaturity and complications of delivery. In practice, fetal and neonatal sources of neonatal mortality cannot be separated-not only because of incomplete information, but because risks from both sources can act on the same newborn. We use simulations to assess the repercussions of this structural problem. We first construct a scenario in which fetal and neonatal factors contribute separately to neonatal mortality. We introduce an exposure that increases risk of preterm birth (and thus neonatal mortality) without affecting the two baseline sets of neonatal mortality risk. We then calculate the apparent gestational-age-specific mortality for exposed and unexposed newborns, using as the denominator either fetuses or live births at a given gestational age. If conditioning on gestational age successfully blocked the mediating effect of preterm delivery, then exposure would have no effect on gestational-age-specific risk. Instead, we find apparent exposure effects with either denominator. Except for prediction, neither denominator provides a meaningful way to define gestational-age-specific neonatal mortality.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiresistente em unidade de cuidados intensivos: desafios que procedem? Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiresistente en una unidad de cuidados intensivos: desafíos que proceden? Multi-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa among patients from an intensive care unit: persistent challenge?

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Maria Verônica Guilherme Ferrareze

2007-03-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a ocorrência de infecção hospitalar por Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiresistente em pacientes hospitalizados em uma unidade de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODO: estudo retrospectivo realizado de outubro de 2003 a setembro de 2004 em um hospital de emergências. RESULTADOS: Totalizou-se 68 portadores de bactérias multiresistentes sendo 10 (14,7% de P. aeruginosa. Destes, 8 pacientes eram do sexo masculino, as médias de idade e de internação foram respectivamente de 57 anos a média de idade, 43,7 a média de dias de internação e 7 pacientes morreram. Isolaram-se 8 cepas no sangue, cinco na urina, duas em cateteres venosos e uma no líquor, das quais sete sensíveis somente a polimixina e três ao imipenem. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil microbiológico deve ser avaliado periodicamente visto que é específico de uma unidade ou instituição, e demanda ações correlatas.OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la ocurrencia de infección hospitalaria por Pseudomonas aeruginosa multiresistente en pacientes hospitalizados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. MÉTODO: estudio retrospectivo realizado de octubre del 2003 a setiembre del 2004 en un hospital de emergencias. RESULTADOS: Se tuvo un total de 68 portadores de bacterias multiresistentes de las cuales 10 (14,7% de P. aeruginosa. De éstos, 8 pacientes eran del sexo masculino, los promedios de edad y de internamiento fueron respectivamente de 57 años y 43,7 de días de internamiento y 7 pacientes murieron. Se aislaron 8 cepas en la sangre, cinco en la orina, dos en catéteres venosos y una en el licor, de ellas siete eran sensibles sólo a la polimixina y tres al imipenem. CONCLUSIÓN: El perfil microbiológico debe ser evaluado periódicamente dado que es específico de una unidad o institución, y demanda acciones correlatas.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the occurrence of multi-resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa infection among patients from an Intensive Care Unit. METHODS: This retrospective study was

Bienestar espiritual de enfermeras y enfermeros en unidades de cuidado intensivo Bem-estar espiritual de enfermeiras e enfermeiros em unidades de cuidado intensivo Spiritual wellness of nurses in intensive care units

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Luis Sierra Leguía

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar el nivel de bienestar espiritual de enfermeros y enfermeras que laboran en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, Cartagena. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, muestra aleatoria de 101 enfermeras y enfermeros, con más de seis meses en el sitio de trabajo. Firmado el consentimiento informado, el grupo se caracterizó socio-demográficamente, se utilizó la Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual de Pamela Reed para medir creencias y prácticas espirituales. Los datos se presentan en frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: el 94,1 % son mujeres, con un promedio de 33,2 años y 5 años de trabajo; el 66,3 % pertenecen a un grupo religioso. La puntuación total de la escala es 60 puntos, el 98 % de los participantes presentó un bienestar espiritual alto (46-60 puntos y las prácticas que realizan son rezar (69,3 % o meditar (57,4 %. Para el 69,3 %, las creencias espirituales son importantes y el 60,4 % frecuentemente se siente cerca a Dios. Conclusiones: se evidenció un bienestar espiritual alto, demostrado por las prácticas y creencias espirituales. Para enfermería la espiritualidad es una dimensión importante en el cuidado porque permite crecer en la relación de la experiencia de cuidado.Objetivo: determinar o nível de bem-estar espiritual de enfermeiros e enfermeiras que trabalham em Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, Cartagena. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, amostra aleatória de 101 enfermeiras e enfermeiros, com mais de seis meses no local de trabalho. Uma vez assinado o consentimento informado, foi realizada a caracterização demográfica do grupo. Utilizou-se a Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual de Pamela Reed para medir crenças e práticas espirituais. Os dados são apresentados em frequências e porcentagens. Resultados: 94,1 % são mulheres, com uma média de 33,2 anos e 5 anos de trabalho; 66,3% pertencem a um grupo religioso. A pontuação total da escala é de 60 pontos, 98% dos participantes exibiu um bem

Hypertension in the Neonatal Period: An Update.

Science.gov (United States)

Pillai, Anish; Sharma, Deepak; Kadam, Pratichi

2016-01-01

There has been a growing interest among neonatologists and paediatricians regarding identification and evaluation of hypertension in the neonatal period. Despite the emergent normative data on blood pressure values in term and preterm neonates over the last two decades, there is still controversy regarding correct definition and classification of hypertension. This article will discuss the current definitions, available normative data and etiology of neonatal hypertension. There is paucity of records in terms of efficacy of antihypertensive drugs in this specific population and management is usually experience based, causing considerable heterogeneity amongst different units. This review article will also cover the evaluation, management, outcomes and follow up of neonatal hypertension with latest advances in this field. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

May maternal lifestyle have an impact on neonatal glucose levels?

Science.gov (United States)

Hoirisch-Clapauch, Silvia; Porto, Maria Amelia S; Nardi, Antonio E

2016-02-01

Neonatal glucose levels correlate negatively with umbilical cord levels of C-peptide, a polypeptide secreted with insulin. In other words, neonatal hypoglycemia results from excessive insulin secretion from fetal/neonatal beta cells. Given that insulin causes fat to be stored rather than to be used for energy, one would expect that chronic hyperinsulinemia would result in large-for-gestational-age neonates. The finding that many small-for-gestational-age neonates have hypoglycemia suggests that the stimulus for insulin production occurs close to delivery. We postulated that a potent stimulation of maternal insulin production close to delivery would also provide a potent stimulus for fetal and neonatal insulin production, causing neonatal hypoglycemia. This study has evaluated 155 mothers with markers of excessive insulin production (such as acanthosis or grade III obesity), or with situations characterized by increased insulin requirements (such as an invasive bacterial infection or use of systemic corticosteroid within a week before delivery; or sedentariness or high-carbohydrate intake within 24h before delivery) and their 158 neonates who were screened for glycemic levels at 1, 2 and 4h after birth. The minimum glucose level was correlated to the maternal parameters, and to classical predictors of neonatal hypoglycemia, such as low-birth weight and preterm delivery. The only independent predictors were sedentariness and high-carbohydrate intake within 24h before delivery. The risk of neonatal hypoglycemia increased five-fold with sedentariness, 11-fold with high-carbohydrate intake, and 329-fold with both risk factors. The risk of neonatal hypoglycemia seems to be highly influenced by maternal lifestyle within 24h before delivery. Controlled randomized trials may help determine whether a controlled carbohydrate diet combined with regular physical activity close to delivery can prevent neonatal hypoglycemia and all its severe complications to the newborn

Produto Verde: Uma Análise a partir do Ecodesign Pilot e da Teia das Estratégias do Ecodesign

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Isabel Joselita Barbosa da Rocha Alves

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou analisar através do uso das ferramentas de ecodesign: Ecodesign PILOT e Teia das Estratégias do Ecodesign, se o banco Carambola, concebido como produto verde é de fato “verde”. Os dados coletados junto ao idealizador do produto revelaram que os processos de extração e de produção de matérias-primas causam a maior parte dos impactos ambientais do produto. Contudo, destaca-se que nas demais fases do ciclo de vida os aspectos ambientais não são intensivos e que todas as estratégias apresentam baixa prioridade. Assim, pode-se concluir que o produto, com base nestas ferramentas, pode ser considerado verde.

Neonatal Platelet Transfusions and Future Areas of Research.

Science.gov (United States)

Sola-Visner, Martha; Bercovitz, Rachel S

2016-10-01

Thrombocytopenia affects approximately one fourth of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units, and prophylactic platelet transfusions are commonly administered to reduce bleeding risk. However, there are few evidence-based guidelines to inform clinicians' decision-making process. Developmental differences in hemostasis and differences in underlying disease processes make it difficult to apply platelet transfusion practices from other patient populations to neonates. Thrombocytopenia is a risk factor for common preterm complications such as intraventricular hemorrhage; however, a causal link has not been established, and platelet transfusions have not been shown to reduce risk of developing intraventricular hemorrhage. Platelet count frequently drives the decision of whether to transfuse platelets, although there is little evidence to demonstrate what a safe platelet nadir is in preterm neonates. Current clinical assays of platelet function often require large sample volumes and are not valid in the setting of thrombocytopenia; however, evaluation of platelet function and/or global hemostasis may aid in the identification of neonates who are at the highest risk of bleeding. Although platelets' primary role is in establishing hemostasis, platelets also carry pro- and antiangiogenic factors in their granules. Aberrant angiogenesis underpins common complications of prematurity including intraventricular hemorrhage and retinopathy of prematurity. In addition, platelets play an important role in host immune defenses. Infectious and inflammatory conditions such as sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis are commonly associated with late-onset thrombocytopenia in neonates. Severity of thrombocytopenia is correlated with mortality risk. The nature of this association is unclear, but preclinical data suggest that thrombocytopenia contributes to mortality rather than simply being a proxy for disease severity. Neonates are a distinct patient population in whom

Normal lactate concentration range in the neonatal brain.

Science.gov (United States)

Tomiyasu, Moyoko; Aida, Noriko; Shibasaki, Jun; Tachibana, Yasuhiko; Endo, Mamiko; Nozawa, Kumiko; Shimizu, Eiji; Tsuji, Hiroshi; Obata, Takayuki

2016-11-01

Lactate peaks are occasionally observed during in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) scans of the neonatal brain, even in healthy patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the normal range of neonatal brain lactate concentration, as a definitive normal range would be clinically valuable. Using a clinical 3T scanner (echo/repetition times, 30/5000ms), single-voxel MRS data were obtained from the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CS) in 48 healthy neonates (postconceptional age (PCA), 30-43weeks), nine infants (age, 1-12months old), and 20 children (age, 4-15years). Lactate concentrations were calculated using an MRS signal quantification program, LCModel. Correlations between regional lactate concentration and PCA (neonates), or age (all subjects) were investigated. Absolute lactate concentrations of the BG and CS were as follows: neonates, 0.77mM (0-2.02) [median (range)] and 0.77 (0-1.42), respectively; infants, 0.38 (0-0.79) and 0.49 (0.17-1.17); and children, 0.17 (0-0.76) and 0.22 (0-0.80). Overall, subjects' lactate concentrations decreased significantly with age (Spearman: BG, n=61, ρ=-0.38, p=0.003; CS, n=68, ρ=-0.57, p<0.001). However, during the neonatal period no correlations were detected between lactate concentration in either region and PCA. We determined normal ranges of neonatal lactate concentration, which may prove useful for diagnostic purposes. Further studies regarding changes in brain lactate concentration during development would help clarify the reasons for higher concentrations observed during the neonatal period, and contribute to improvements in diagnoses. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sonographic features of neonatal mastitis and breast abscess.

Science.gov (United States)

Borders, Heather; Mychaliska, George; Gebarski, K Stiennon

2009-09-01

Neonatal mastitis and neonatal breast abscess are uncommon. Although well described in the pediatric and surgical literature, there is a paucity of reports describing their sonographic features. To describe and illustrate the sonographic features of neonatal mastitis and neonatal breast abscess. We reviewed the medical database of a large children's health-care center from 2000 through 2008 for patients presenting in the first 8 weeks of life with mastitis. The findings were correlated with clinical presentation and course, laboratory findings and clinical outcome. Four neonates (three girls and one boy) presented with mastitis. They all had prominent breast buds on the affected side with poorly defined margins, slightly more echogenic focally or diffusely compared to normal with hyperemia on color flow Doppler US. The surrounding subcutaneous tissue was thick and echogenic. Two abscesses presented as avascular areas without color flow on Doppler US, subtly increased through-transmission and surrounding hyperemia. One abscess was of increased echogenicity while the other was anechoic. Neonatal mastitis and breast abscess are unusual diseases that should be appropriately treated with antibiotics and drainage to avoid generalized sepsis, breast hypoplasia, and scarring. US is useful in distinguishing mastitis from breast abscess and guiding treatment options.

Perinatal transport: problems in neonatal intensive care capacity.

Science.gov (United States)

Gill, A B; Bottomley, L; Chatfield, S; Wood, C

2004-05-01

To assess the quantity and nature of transfers within the Yorkshire perinatal service, with the aim of identifying suitable outcome measures for the assessment of future service improvements. Collection of data on perinatal transfers from all neonatal and maternity units located in the Yorkshire region of the United Kingdom from May to November 2000. Expectant mothers (in utero transfers) and neonates (ex utero transfers). None Quantification of in utero and ex utero transfers; the reasons for and resources required to support transfers; the nature of each transfer (acute, specialist, non-acute, into or out of region). In the period studied, there were 800 transfers (337 in utero; 463 ex utero); 306 transfers were "acute" (80% of transfers in utero), 214 because of specialist need, and 280 "non-acute". Some 37% of capacity transfers occurred from the two level 3 units in the region. Of 254 transfers out of the 14 neonatal units for intensive care, 44 (17.3%) were transferred to hospitals outside the normal neonatal commissioning boundaries. The study highlights a continuing apparent lack of capacity within the neonatal service in the Yorkshire region, resulting in considerable numbers of neonatal and maternal transfers.

Pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins in the neonate: a review

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Gian Maria Pacifici

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work was to review the published data on the pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins in neonates to provide a critical analysis of the literature as a useful tool for physicians. The bibliographic search was performed for articles published up to December 3, 2010, using PubMed. In addition, the book Neofax: A Manual of Drugs Used in Neonatal Care by Young and Mangum was consulted. The cephalosporins are mainly eliminated by the kidneys, and their elimination rates are reduced at birth. As a consequence, clearance is reduced and t1/2 is more prolonged in the neonate than in more mature infants. The neonate's substantial body water content creates a large volume of distribution (Vd of cephalosporins, as these drugs are fairly water soluble. Postnatal development is an important factor in the maturation of the neonate, and as postnatal age proceeds, the clearance of cephalosporins increases. The maturation of the kidney governs the pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins in the infant. Clearance and t1/2 are influenced by development, and this must be taken into consideration when planning a cephalosporin dosage regimen for the neonate.

Neonatal malaria complicated by hypoglycaemia and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

There is no established and widely accepted guidelines for clinical management of severe neonatal malaria. The aim of this paper is to raise the alertness of physicians regarding the occurrence of severe malaria in the neonatal period and to describe the treatment modality we adopted (in the absence of an internationally ...

Cost Analysis of Treating Neonatal Hypoglycemia with Dextrose Gel.

Science.gov (United States)

Glasgow, Matthew J; Harding, Jane E; Edlin, Richard

2018-04-03

To evaluate the costs of using dextrose gel as a primary treatment for neonatal hypoglycemia in the first 48 hours after birth compared with standard care. We used a decision tree to model overall costs, including those specific to hypoglycemia monitoring and treatment and those related to the infant's length of stay in the postnatal ward or neonatal intensive care unit, comparing the use of dextrose gel for treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia with placebo, using data from the Sugar Babies randomized trial. Sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of dextrose gel cost, neonatal intensive care cost, cesarean delivery rate, and costs of glucose monitoring. In the primary analysis, treating neonatal hypoglycemia using dextrose gel had an overall cost of NZ$6863.81 and standard care (placebo) cost NZ$8178.25; a saving of NZ$1314.44 per infant treated. Sensitivity analyses showed that dextrose gel remained cost saving with wide variations in dextrose gel costs, neonatal intensive care unit costs, cesarean delivery rates, and costs of monitoring. Use of buccal dextrose gel reduces hospital costs for management of neonatal hypoglycemia. Because it is also noninvasive, well tolerated, safe, and associated with improved breastfeeding, buccal dextrose gel should be routinely used for initial treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12608000623392. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fellowship Training in the Emerging Fields of Fetal-Neonatal Neurology and Neonatal Neurocritical Care.

Science.gov (United States)

Smyser, Christopher D; Tam, Emily W Y; Chang, Taeun; Soul, Janet S; Miller, Steven P; Glass, Hannah C

2016-10-01

Neonatal neurocritical care is a growing and rapidly evolving medical subspecialty, with increasing numbers of dedicated multidisciplinary clinical, educational, and research programs established at academic institutions. The growth of these programs has provided trainees in neurology, neonatology, and pediatrics with increased exposure to the field, sparking interest in dedicated fellowship training in fetal-neonatal neurology. To meet this rising demand, increasing numbers of training programs are being established to provide trainees with the requisite knowledge and skills to independently deliver care for infants with neurological injury or impairment from the fetal care center and neonatal intensive care unit to the outpatient clinic. This article provides an initial framework for standardization of training across these programs. Recommendations include goals and objectives for training in the field; core areas where clinical competency must be demonstrated; training activities and neuroimaging and neurodiagnostic modalities which require proficiency; and programmatic requirements necessary to support a comprehensive and well-rounded training program. With consistent implementation, the proposed model has the potential to establish recognized standards of professional excellence for training in the field, provide a pathway toward Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education certification for program graduates, and lead to continued improvements in medical and neurological care provided to patients in the neonatal intensive care unit. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Two Neonates with Congenital Hydrocolpos

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Vydehi Murthy

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction. Neonatal hydrocolpos is a rare condition. Hydrocolpos is cystic dilatation of the vagina with fluid accumulation due to a combination of stimulation of secretary glands of the reproductive tract and vaginal obstruction. The differential for a neonatal presentation of lower abdominal mass includes urogenital anomalies, Hirschsprung’s, disease or sacrococcygeal teratoma. Prenatal diagnosis and early newborn imaging studies leads to early detection and treatment of these cases. Case. We report here two cases of neonatal hydrocolpos with prenatal diagnosis of lower abdominal mass. Postnatally, ultrasound, MRI imaging, and cystoscopy confirmed large cystic mass as hydrocolpos with distal vaginal obstruction. Both patients had enlarged renal system secondary to mass effect. Conclusion. High index of suspicion for hydrocolpos in a newborn presenting with fetal diagnosis of infraumbilical abdominal mass will facilitate timely intervention and prevention of complications.

Análisis de mapas causales de impactos del turismo residencial

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ANTONIO ALEDO

2010-01-01

El caso de estudio es el municipio de Dénia, situado en el norte de la provincia de Alicante. Los resultados muestran que las causas profundas de los impactos negativos inducidos por el turismo residencial están conectados con el déficit democrático en el proceso de gestión municipal del desarrollo turístico-residencial.

[Spectrum of congenital malformations observed in neonates of consanguineous parents].

Science.gov (United States)

Pinto Escalante, D; Castillo Zapata, I; Ruiz Allec, D; Ceballos Quintal, J M

2006-01-01

Consanguineous unions occur in all populations around the world. Couples related as second cousins or closer have been observed with deleterious effect. Among the clinical effects of parental consanguinity, the incidence of offspring with congenital malformations (CM) increases approximately two-fold. A hospital database of neonates with CM was searched to select neonates with parental consanguinity and two control groups. One control group consisted of healthy neonates and the other control group consisted of neonates with CM but without parental consanguinity. Both control groups consisted of the first neonate of the same sex to be born after a consanguineous neonate with CM. Family, sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, as well as the severity of the malformations, were compared between the two groups with CM. Neonates with CM were grouped into five categories: Major multiple CM, minor multiple CM, isolated major CM, isolated minor CM, and specific diseases. The indigenous Mayan subpopulation was also analyzed. Among 1117 neonates with CM, parental consanguinity was found in 21. Parental consanguinity was also found in 8 neonates in the group of healthy controls (OR 2.4 [1.05-5.95]). The most common form of consanguinity was between second cousins and was more frequent in the Mayan subpopulation. Major multiple CM were more frequent among consanguineous than among nonconsanguineous couples. No association was found between the severity of CM and the degree of relationship. The prevalence of consanguinity found in neonates with CM and healthy controls (1.9 % and 0.8 %) was similar to that found in other Latin populations. A higher prevalence was found in the Mayan population. Mayor multiple CM were more frequent among the neonates of consanguineous than among nonconsanguineous couples.

Neonatal hypoglycaemia: learning from claims

OpenAIRE

Hawdon, Jane M; Beer, Jeanette; Sharp, Deborah; Upton, Michele

2016-01-01

Objectives Neonatal hypoglycaemia is a potential cause of neonatal morbidity, and on rare but tragic occasions causes long-term neurodevelopmental harm with consequent emotional and practical costs for the family. The organisational cost to the NHS includes the cost of successful litigation claims. The purpose of the review was to identify themes that could alert clinicians to common pitfalls and thus improve patient safety. Design The NHS Litigation Authority (NHS LA) Claims Management Syste...

Perspectivas para a pesquisa em contabilidade: o impacto dos derivativos

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Alexsandro Broedel Lopes

2001-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa o impacto dos instrumentos financeiros derivativos para a pesquisa em contabilidade. O impacto dos derivativos é grande independentemente da linha de pesquisa adotada. Dentro do paradigma do mercado de capitais, o papel dos derivativos como antecipadores do comportamento futuro dos preços fornece oportunidades interessantes de investigação, por exemplo. Na linha de pesquisa institucional e social o tratamento contábil de tais instrumentos é visualizado tendo-se por base a busca por poder e legitimização da profissão. As características operacionais dos produtos, ambiente de regulamentação, evolução tecnológica e outros aspectos característicos fazem desses produtos bases promissoras para investigações futuras.This paper investigates the role of derivative financial instruments for the future of financial accounting research. This impact is relevant what all major research paradigms are concerned. In capital market-based research, derivative instruments play a central role in price discovery. From the institutional and social points-of-view, derivatives are components of a greater quest for legitimization and power. Their operational features, regulatory environment, technological advances and other characteristics are turning derivatives into promising research venues.

Effects of maternal hypertension on the neonatal haemogram in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Haematocrit and white blood cell differentials were done manually. Data were analysed using SPSS version 16. Results A total of 200 neonates were recruited, comprising 100 neonates of mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 100 neonates of normotensive mothers. The mean haematocrit was significantly ...

Causes and Clinical Outcomes in Neonates with Acute Abdomen ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Causes and Clinical Outcomes in Neonates with Acute Abdomen Requiring Surgery at ... Neonatal surgery is challenging, particularly in the emergency setting whereby ... Other causes included peritonitis (6.9%) and abdominal wall defects (4.7%). ... accounting for 13 cases (30.2%) and mortality was 34.9 % ( 15 neonates).

Severe hyperglycaemia due to neonatal sepsis - A case report ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by signs and symptoms of infection with or without accompanying bacteremia in the first month of life. The clinical signs of neonatal sepsis are neither specific nor uniform. Neonatal sepsis may present with fever, hypotonia, respiratory distress, apnea and hyperglycaemia.

Neonatal Jaundice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Maimburg, Rikke Damkjær; Væth, Michael; Schendel, Diana

2008-01-01

In a previous study, we found that infants transferred to a neonatal ward after delivery had an almost twofold increased risk of being diagnosed with infantile autism later in childhood in spite of extensive controlling of obstetric risk factors. We therefore decided to investigate other reasons ...

Predictors of early neonatal mortality at a neonatal intensive care ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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mortality and they have been the reasons for the wide variation in mortality rates among the health facilities reporting. Objective: ... A study in Indonesia about determinants of neonatal ..... antenatal visit, frequency of visits and administration of.

Design of a Functional Training Prototype for Neonatal Resuscitation

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Sivaramakrishnan Rajaraman

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Birth Asphyxia is considered to be one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality around the world. Asphyxiated neonates require skilled resuscitation to survive the neonatal period. The project aims to train health professionals in a basic newborn care using a prototype with an ultimate objective to have one person at every delivery trained in neonatal resuscitation. This prototype will be a user-friendly device with which one can get trained in performing neonatal resuscitation in resource-limited settings. The prototype consists of a Force Sensing Resistor (FSR that measures the pressure applied and is interfaced with Arduino® which controls the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD and Light Emitting Diode (LED indication for pressure and compression counts. With the increase in population and absence of proper medical care, the need for neonatal resuscitation program is not well addressed. The proposed work aims at offering a promising solution for training health care individuals on resuscitating newborn babies under low resource settings.

Intervenções frente ao nascimento prematuro: uma revisão teórica = Interventions facing premature birth: a theoretical review

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Brum, Evanisa Helena Maio

2005-01-01

Resultados e conclusões: Na saúde coletiva, a atenção aos cuidados da criança sofreu uma evolução histórica. Atualmente, observa-se uma preocupação não só em relação à criança, mas também em relação aos bebês que necessitam tratamento intensivo neonatal. Este interesse engloba tanto cuidados tecnológicos quanto o bem-estar psicobiológico e social do bebê. As intervenções com recém-nascidos prematuros internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal vêm sendo consideradas positivas no campo da Saúde Coletiva, tais como os procedimentos técnicos dos profissionais que atendem os prematuros, escalas utilizadas, o modelo Touchpoints, apoio e informação aos pais

Neonatal morbidity associated with shoulder dystocia maneuvers.

Science.gov (United States)

Spain, Janine E; Frey, Heather A; Tuuli, Methodius G; Colvin, Ryan; Macones, George A; Cahill, Alison G

2015-03-01

We sought to examine neonatal morbidity associated with different maneuvers used among term patients who experience a shoulder dystocia. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all women who experienced a clinically diagnosed shoulder dystocia at term requiring obstetric maneuvers at a single tertiary care hospital from 2005 through 2008. We excluded women with major fetal anomaly, intrauterine death, multiple gestation, and preterm. Women exposed to Rubin maneuver, Wood's screw maneuver, or delivery of the posterior arm were compared to women delivered by McRoberts/suprapubic pressure only, which served as the reference group. The primary outcome was a composite morbidity of neonatal injury (defined as clavicular or humeral fracture or brachial plexus injury) and neonatal depression (defined as Apgar dystocia, defined as time from delivery of fetal head to delivery of shoulders. Among the 231 women who met inclusion criteria, 135 were delivered by McRoberts/suprapubic pressure alone (57.9%), 83 women were exposed to Rubin maneuver, 53 women were exposed to Wood's screw, and 36 women were exposed to delivery of posterior arm. Individual maneuvers were not associated with composite morbidity, neonatal injury, or neonatal depression after adjusting for nulliparity and duration of shoulder dystocia. We found no association between shoulder dystocia maneuvers and neonatal morbidity after adjusting for duration, a surrogate for severity. Our results demonstrate that clinicians should utilize the maneuver most likely to result in successful delivery. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Serum zinc status of neonates with seizure

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Olia Sharmeen

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Background: Seizure is a common neurological disorder in neonatal age group!. Primary metabolic derangement is one of the important reason behind this convulsion during this period. Among primary metabolic derangement hypoglycemia, is most common followed by bypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, low zinc status etc. As causes of many cases of convul­sion remain unknown in neonate. Objectives: To see the zinc status in the sera of neonate with convulsion. So that if needed early intervention can be taken up and thereby prevent complications. Method: A total of 50 neonates (1-28 days who had convulsion with no apparent reasons of convulsion were enrolled as cases and 50 healthy age and sex matched neonates were enrolled as controls. After a quick clinical evaluation serum zinc status was estimated from venous blood by atomic absorption method in Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre. Low zinc was considered if serum value was <0.7mg/L. Results: Among a total of 50 cases 6% had low zinc value & 2% of controls also had low zinc level. The mean serwu zinc level of cases and controls were 1.57±0.95 and 2.37±1.06 mmol/1 respectively (p<0.01. Conclusion: From the study it is seen that low zinc value is an important cause of neonatal seizure due to primary metabolic abnormalities. So early recognition and treatment could save these babies from long term neurological sequelies.

Risk factors for hearing loss in neonates

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Ni Luh Putu Maharani

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Background An estimated 6 of 1,000 children with live births suffer from permanent hearing loss at birth or the neonatal period. At least 90% of cases occur in developing countries. Hearing loss should be diagnosed as early as possible so that intervention can be done before the age of 6 months. Objective To determine risk factors for hearing loss in neonates. Methods We performed a case-control study involving 100 neonates with and without hearing loss who were born at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar from November 2012 to February 2013. Subjects were consisted of 2 groups, those with hearing loss (case group of 50 subjects and without hearing loss (control group of 50 subjects. The groups were matched for gender and birth weight. We assessed the following risk factors for hearing loss: severe neonatal asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia, meningitis, history of aminoglycoside therapy, and mechanical ventilation by Chi-square analysis. The results were presented as odds ratio and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results Seventy percent of neonates with hearing loss had history of aminoglycoside therapy. Multivariable analysis revealed that aminoglycoside therapy of 14 days or more was a significant risk factor for hearing loss (OR 2.7; 95%CI 1.1 to 6.8; P=0.040. There were no statistically significant associations between hearing loss and severe asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia, meningitis, or mechanical ventilation. Conclusion Aminoglycoside therapy for >=14 days was identified as a risk factor for hearing loss in neonates.

Impactos del AVE en el turismo de Bocairent

OpenAIRE

Francés Gimeno, Andreu

2016-01-01

En el presente trabajo se va a realizar un análisis de los impactos que ha generado la llegada del AVE en la localidad de Bocairent. Población sin estación pero que supuestamente se encuentra dentro del área de influencia y forma parte de una asociación con fines turísticos que se llama AVE Villena y Levante Interior. Para ello se han analizado tanto las condiciones de la localidad, como la de la estación receptiva de turistas, además, de las organizaciones encargadas para atraer a este tipo ...

Crescimento pró-pobre no Brasil: impactos regionais

OpenAIRE

França, João Mário Santos de

2007-01-01

Esta pesquisa científica foi apresentada como trabalho de conclusão do curso de Doutorado em Economia e reúne três artigos na área de crescimento. O primeiro deles utiliza a metodologia desenvolvida por Kakwani, Khabdker e Son (2004) para analisar a existência de crescimento “pró-pobre” nas regiões brasileiras nos anos de 1995 a 2005. Foram utilizados como suporte medidas de pobreza P(0), P(1) e P(2) e o índice de GINI. Os resultados apontam que tais políticas causaram maior impacto nas regiõ...

Colonización por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de adultos de un hospital colombiano: caracterización fenotípica y molecular con detección de un clon de circulación en la comunidad

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Narda María Olarte

2010-09-01

Conclusiones. El 7,2% de los pacientes que ingresaron a la unidad de cuidados intensivos estaban colonizados con SARM. Éste es el primer reporte de colonización por aislamientos de SARM-ST8-SCCmec IVc adquirido en la comunidad y relacionado genéticamente con el clon pandémico USA300-0114 en Colombia.

Opiate v CNS depressant therapy in neonatal drug abstinence syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Kandall, S R; Doberczak, T M; Mauer, K R; Strashun, R H; Korts, D C

1983-04-01

Paregoric and phenobarbital, administered randomly in 153 passively addicted neonates, initially appeared to control neonatal abstinence signs equally well. However, seven of the 62 phenobarbital-treated newborns had abstinence-associated seizures within the first month of life, while none of 49 paregoric-treated neonates had seizures. Forty-two neonates initially requiring no specific pharmacotherapy for abstinence signs were born to mothers taking less methadone hydrochloride just before delivery. Five of those 42 neonates, however, had seizures within the first 14 days of life. Seizure occurrence could not be predicted from analysis of early abstinence patterns. We consider paregoric to be the treatment of choice for the neonatal abstinence syndrome. Phenobarbital use should be monitored with serum drug levels and modification of recommended dosage regimens considered.

Fetal neonatal hyperthyroidism: diagnostic and therapeutic approachment

Science.gov (United States)

Kurtoğlu, Selim; Özdemir, Ahmet

2017-01-01

Fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism may occur in mothers with Graves’ disease. Fetal thyrotoxicosis manifestation is observed with the transition of TSH receptor stimulating antibodies to the fetus from the 17th–20th weeks of pregnancy and with the fetal TSH receptors becoming responsive after 20 weeks. The diagnosis is confirmed by fetal tachycardia, goiter and bone age advancement in pregnancy and maternal treatment is conducted in accordance. The probability of neonatal hyperthyroidism is high in the babies of mothers that have ongoing antithyroid requirement and higher antibody levels in the last months of pregnancy. Clinical manifestation may be delayed by 7–17 days because of the antithyroid drugs taken by the mother. Neonatal hyperthyroidism symptoms can be confused with sepsis and congenital viral infections. Herein, the diagnosis and therapeutic approach are reviewed in cases of fetal neonatal hyperthyroidism. PMID:28439194

Colonization with hospital flora and its associated risk factors in neonates hospitalized in neonatal ward of a teaching center in Isfahan, Iran.

Science.gov (United States)

Shirani, Kiana; Mostafavizadeh, Kamyar; Ataei, Behrouz; Akhani, Khatere

2018-01-01

Due to the high incidence and prevalence of infection in neonatal ward, especially Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) reported by different studies and the important role of colonization with hospital germs in the development of nosocomial infections, we intended to evaluate the risk of colonization with hospital germs in neonates and its associated risk factors. This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2016 in a Teaching Center in Iran. In total, 51 neonates were selected based on the inclusion criteria, and after recording their information in a checklist, samples were taken by swab from outer ear, axilla, and groin for culture. Neonates with negative culture from mentioned regions were enrolled in the study. The swab samples again were taken and sent for culture from mentioned regions in at least 3 days after hospitalization. Culture results from first and second sampling were collected and analyzed statistically. This study was conducted on 51 neonates. The mean gestational age among the neonates ranged from 35.25 (Week) ± 2.98. 22 girls (43.1%) and 29 boys (56.9%), most of them were born by cesarean. Based on the results of logistic regression, a significant association was found between the occurrence of colonization of hospital flora and the place hospitalization of the newborns (odds ratio (OR): 4.750; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26-17.85). This study revealed that the only risk factors of colonization with hospital flora in neonates are the type of delivery and place of hospitalization. Based on findings of the study, it is recommended to focus on efforts in increasing the rate of natural birth as well as improving conditions of infection control in NICUs to reduce the number of incidences of colonization with hospital flora in neonates.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) presenting with neonatal aplastic anemia.

Science.gov (United States)

Scott, Angela; Glover, Jason; Skoda-Smith, Suzanne; Torgerson, Troy R; Xu, Min; Burroughs, Lauri M; Woolfrey, Ann E; Fleming, Mark D; Shimamura, Akiko

2015-11-01

Aplastic anemia in the neonate is rare. We report a case of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) presenting with neonatal aplastic anemia. This report highlights the importance of considering SCID early in the evaluation of neonatal aplastic anemia prior to the development of infectious complications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Impacto económico del deporte: Tema de interés creciente en la literatura científica

OpenAIRE

Salgado-Barandela, J.; Barajas, A.; Sánchez-Fernández, P.

2017-01-01

El estudio del impacto económico en el deporte como disciplina científica surge para la identificación del beneficio económico de grandes eventos deportivos. Su evolución se ha dirigido a enfoques más amplios, estudiando no sólo el aspecto económico sino también los efectos intangibles, en grandes y pequeños eventos, instalaciones, y franquicias. En el presente estudio se analiza la evolución del tratamiento del impacto económico del deporte en la ciencia mediante un estudio...

Virus sincicial respiratorio: presentación, manejo y prevención de un brote intrahospitalario en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales de Lima

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T Paredes

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR es el principal patógeno causante de infecciones del tracto respiratorio bajo durante el primer año de vida y ocasiona un elevado índice de hospitalización en niños menores de 12 meses; la presentación clínica severa y su aparición como brotes epidemiológicos en las unidades con recién nacidos prematuros representa un riesgo elevado de morbimortalidad. Se realiza la presentación de dos casos y el análisis sobre la importancia del diagnóstico precoz, el manejo individualizado y las medidas de control de infecciones como factores que reducen la morbimortalidad en estas situaciones y previenen la diseminación de los casos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN.

Pattern of neonatal septicemia in a Malaysian maternity hospital.

Science.gov (United States)

Boo, N Y; Wong, Y H; Lim, V K

1989-09-01

Over a 12 months period, out of 25,411 livebirths, 155 neonates (6.1 per 1000 livebirths) had proven septicemia by blood culture. The mortality rate was 26.5%. Septicemia was more common among the very low birthweight and preterm neonates of gestation of 30 weeks or less. 45.8% of the septicemia occurred during the first 48 hours of life. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common causative organism. However, mortality was highest among neonates who acquired multiresistant nosocomial infection during the later part of neonatal life.

Neonatal hypocalcemia and its relation to vitamin D and calcium supplementation.

Science.gov (United States)

Elsary, Asmaa Y; Elgameel, Alkassem A; Mohammed, Wael S; Zaki, Osman M; Taha, Shaimaa A

2018-03-01

To assess the prevalence of hypocalcemia in outpatient clinic neonates and its relation to vitamin D and calcium supplementation.  Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the University Teaching Hospital from May to October 2016. Data were collected from 100 neonates by interviewing mothers using a structured questionnaire; which included socio-demographic information, maternal and neonatal history; in addition to investigations of serum calcium total and ionized and serum vitamin D level. Results: The prevalence of hypocalcemia was 76%, late hypocalcemia represent 52% of hypocalcemic neonates. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 38%. Hypocalcemia was found more prevalent among neonates with no history of vitamin D supplementation (98.7%), no history of maternal calcium supplementation (57.9%), while they had a history of neonatal jaundice on phototherapy (46.1%) which increased to 53.8% with late hypocalcemia. Conclusion: Neonatal hypocalcemia is widely prevalent in Fayoum governorate with significant association with a history of neonatal jaundice on phototherapy, not receiving maternal calcium or neonatal vitamin D supplementation.

Palliative care in the neonatal unit: neonatal nursing staff perceptions of facilitators and barriers in a regional tertiary nursery.

Science.gov (United States)

Kilcullen, Meegan; Ireland, Susan

2017-05-11

Neonatology has made significant advances in the last 30 years. Despite the advances in treatments, not all neonates survive and a palliative care model is required within the neonatal context. Previous research has focused on the barriers of palliative care provision. A holistic approach to enhancing palliative care provision should include identifying both facilitators and barriers. A strengths-based approach would allow barriers to be addressed while also enhancing facilitators. The current study qualitatively explored perceptions of neonatal nurses about facilitators and barriers to delivery of palliative care and also the impact of the regional location of the unit. The study was conducted at the Townsville Hospital, which is the only regional tertiary neonatal unit in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of eight neonatal nurses. Thematic analysis of the data was conducted within a phenomenological framework. Six themes emerged regarding family support and staff factors that were perceived to support the provision of palliative care of a high quality. Staff factors included leadership, clinical knowledge, and morals, values, and beliefs. Family support factors included emotional support, communication, and practices within the unit. Five themes emerged from the data that were perceived to be barriers to providing quality palliative care. Staff perceived education, lack of privacy, isolation, staff characteristics and systemic (policy, and procedure) factors to impact upon palliative care provision. The regional location of the unit also presented unique facilitators and barriers to care. This study identified and explored facilitators and barriers in the delivery of quality palliative care for neonates in a regional tertiary setting. Themes identified suggested that a strengths-approach, which engages and amplifies facilitating factors while identified barriers are addressed or minimized, would be successful in

Potencial hidrogeniônico de soluções de cloridrato de dobutamina expostas a condições ambientais de unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais Hydrogen-ion potential of dobutamine hydrochloride solutions exposed to environmental conditions of neonatal intensive care units

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Lidiane L. Reis

2009-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar o potencial hidrogeniônico (pH de soluções de cloridrato de dobutamina sob condições ambientais que mimetizam unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais. MÉTODOS: Analisou-se pH do fármaco em solução glicosada 5% ou NaCl 0,9% segundo temperatura (22 e 37 °C, luz (escuro, lâmpadas fluorescentes ambiente e equipamento de fototerapia e equipos (incolor e âmbar em intervalos de tempo (0, 1, 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. RESULTADOS: Evidenciaram-se valores próximos de pH do fármaco na apresentação comercial e diluído. Obteve-se média de pH de 3,45±0,19 a 22 °C e de 3,55±0,20 a 37 °C. A média de pH das soluções mantidas no escuro foi de 3,62±0,09, na luz ambiente, de 3,63±0,07, e sob fototerapia, de 3,31±0,16. Soluções em equipos incolores tiveram média menor (3,41±0,24 do que em âmbares (3,52±0,15. Obtiveram-se menores valores de pH nas soluções sob fototerapia em equipos incolores (3,17±0,03 do que em âmbares (3,55±0,03. CONCLUSÃO: Sob a luz da fototerapia houve maior variação do pH das soluções, e o emprego de equipos âmbares minimizou tal efeito.OBJECTIVE: To verify the hydrogen-ion potential (pH of dobutamine hydrochloride solutions under environmental conditions similar to those of neonatal intensive care units. METHODS: We analyzed the pH of the drug diluted in 5% dextrose in water or 0.9% NaCl under different conditions of temperature (22 and 37 °C and light (dark, fluorescent light bulbs, and phototherapy equipment, using colorless and amber intravenous sets at time intervals of 0, 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. RESULTS: The pH values of the marketed form of the drug and the diluted drug were similar. The pH means were 3.45±0.19 at 22 °C and 3.55±0.20 at 37 °C. The average of the pH according to light conditions were as follows: in the dark = 3.62±0.09, under room light = 3.63±0.07, and exposed to phototherapy = 3.31±0.16. Solutions stored in colorless intravenous sets had a lower

Colestase neonatal prolongada: estudo prospectivo

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PRADO Elizabeth Teixeira Mendes Livramento

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Em razão da urgência de se decidir por um tratamento clínico ou por uma intervenção cirúrgica imediata, o estudo da colestase neonatal prolongada envolve dois objetivos básicos: o diagnóstico diferencial entre atresia biliar e hepatite neonatal e a pesquisa dos agentes etiológicos associados. Desta maneira, através de estudo prospectivo desenvolvido na década de 1970, foram avaliadas 77 crianças portadoras de colestase neonatal prolongada para estabelecer o diagnóstico diferencial entre atresia biliar e hepatite neonatal e, numa segunda fase, 108 crianças, visando esclarecer a etiopatogenia da colestase neonatal prolongada. Os resultados do diagnóstico diferencial revelaram que, dos 18 atributos avaliados, apenas oito mostraram-se bons indicadores de atresia biliar, em ordem decrescente: ductos proliferados (espaço-porta, fibrose (espaço-porta, colestase (espaço-porta, cor das fezes -- acolia, hepatomegalia, colestase canalicular (lóbulo, infiltrado (espaço-porta, células gigantes (lóbulo. Estes oito atributos foram então compostos, mediante uma ponderação, em um único indicador de grande poder discriminativo, capaz de decidir o diagnóstico diferencial em 99% dos casos. Quanto à etiopatogenia, registrou-se: vírus rubéola 0%, vírus herpes simples 0%, listeriose 0%, citomegalovirose 2,2%, vírus hepatite B 2,4%, toxoplasmose 2,8%, deficiência de alfa-1-antitripsina 13,1%, sífilis 21,1 %, auto-anticorpos hepáticos 58,4%. O trabalho desenvolvido mostra que as 8 variáveis mais decisivas, como indicadoras diferenciais entre atresia biliar e hepatite neonatal, permanecem como índices fundamentais, auxiliando, em conjunto com novos métodos diagnósticos, na composição de uma estratégia multifatorial cada vez menos invasiva e mais precisa. O estudo da etiopatogenia, dependente das condições epidemiológicas locais e da época, com a introdução de novos métodos diagnósticos, torna-se atualmente cada vez mais

Frequency of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS and type of the narcotic substance in neonates born from drug addicted mothers

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Fatemeh Nayeri

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background and objective: NAS is a combination of signs and symptoms that due to physical and mental dependency, develops in neonates born from drug addicted mothers. The onset of NAS varies in accordance with the type, amount, frequency and duration of substance used. Because of diverse and unclear pattern of substance abuse in Iranian addicted pregnant mothers in comparison with western countries, this multi-center study has been designed to evaluate NAS in neonates born from drug addicted mothers. Material and method: A cross sectional study was carried out on newborns of narcotic addicted mothers during the first six months of 2008. The newborn’s status and clinical signs were checked by physical examination and scored by the Finnegan scoring system. Results: In this study 100 neonates born from narcotic addicted mothers were examined; the most used narcotic was crack (36%. 60% of neonates showed signs of NAS. The most prevalent signs of NAS were increased muscle tonicity (60%/7, irritability (59%/6 and increased moro reflex (51%/8. Neonates born from crack abusers, in comparison with other drugs, were significantly at risk of NAS (100% vs.87%, p

Development and validation of Neonatal Satisfaction Survey--NSS-13.

Science.gov (United States)

Hagen, Inger H; Vadset, Tove B; Barstad, Johan; Svindseth, Marit F

2015-06-01

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a survey to investigate parents' satisfaction with neonatal wards in a population of parents of children with a gestation age of ≥24 weeks to 3 months after full-term birth. We explored the literature and conducted three focus groups: two with expert health personnel and one with parents. We tested the survey in a parent population (N = 105) and report the different stages in the validation process along with the full survey, the Neonatal Satisfaction Survey - 13 categories (NSS-13). We found 13 subcategories in the Neonatal Satisfaction Survey. The subcategories measure parents' satisfaction with neonatal units based on staff, admission, nurses, anxiety, siblings (parents' perceptions of caring for the siblings of the newborn), information, timeout, doctors, facilities, nutrition, preparation for discharge, trust and visitors. Each subcategory showed acceptable internal consistency. The full version of the Neonatal Satisfaction Survey presents 69 items, and each subcategory contains two to eleven items. The Neonatal Satisfaction Survey seems suitable to measure parents' satisfaction with neonatal units and can be used in full, but it can also measure subcategories. Parents' satisfaction with neonatal units can be used to improve the quality in such wards. We consider this study as the first in a series to validate the NSS-13. The full survey with subcategories is presented in this paper. © 2014 Nordic College of Caring Science.

Prevalence and pattern of congenital malformations among neonates in the neonatal unit of a teaching hospital

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hussain, S.; Sabir, M.; Tarar, S. H.; Mushtaq, R.; Asghar, I.; Chattha, M. N.

2014-01-01

Objective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of congenital malformations among neonates in a teaching hospital. Methods: The prospective hospital-based study was conducted over a period of 18 months in the neonatal unit of Combined Military Hospital, Kharian, from September 2011 to February 2013. All neonates from newborn to 28 days of age admitted to the unit irrespective of their condition comprised the study population. Neonatal examination was done by the Registrar at the time of admission followed by neonatologist/paediatrician. Information regarding gender, weight, gestational age, mode of delivery, consanguinity, maternal age, antenatal visit record and family history were recorded on a predesigned proforma. After clinical examination, if required, relevant investigations like ultrasonography, radiology, echocardiography, laboratory and genetic studies were done to confirm diagnosis. Data was statistically analysed by using SPSS 20. Results: Out of 3,210 total admissions, 226 (7%) neonates were congenitally malformed. Of them, 130 (57.52 %) were male and 96 (42.47 %) females. Among different body systems affected, anomalies related to the central nervous system were 46(20.35%) musculoskeletal 42(18.58%), genitourinary 34 (15.04%), cardiovascular system 30 (13.27%), ear, eye, face, neck 27(11.94%), digestive system 19 (8.40%), syndromes and skin 14 (6.19%) each. Conclusion: Congenital Malformations are not rare in our community and central nervous system is the most commonly affected system. Healthcare managers must stress upon primary prevention in the form of vaccination, nutrition and drugs to decrease preventable share of congenital malformations. (author)

Brain injuries due to neonatal hypoglycemia: case report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Dae Bong; Song, Chang Joon; Chang, Mae Young; Youn, Hyae Won

2003-01-01

Although hypoglycemia may be common among neonates, brain injuries resulting from isolated neonatal hypoglycemia are rare. The condition may cause neurological symptoms such as stupor, jitteriness, and seizures, though in their absence, diagnosis delayed or difficult. Hypoglycemia was diagnosed in a three-day-old neonate after he visited the emergency department with loose stool, poor oral intake, and decreased activity, first experienced two days earlier. Two days after his visity, several episodes of seizure occurred. T2 and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) scanning, performed at 11 days of age, revealed bilateral and symmetrical high signal intensity lesions in occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes. We report the MR findings of hypoglycemic encephalopathy in a neonate

Quantifying Neonatal Sucking Performance: Promise of New Methods.

Science.gov (United States)

Capilouto, Gilson J; Cunningham, Tommy J; Mullineaux, David R; Tamilia, Eleonora; Papadelis, Christos; Giannone, Peter J

2017-04-01

Neonatal feeding has been traditionally understudied so guidelines and evidence-based support for common feeding practices are limited. A major contributing factor to the paucity of evidence-based practice in this area has been the lack of simple-to-use, low-cost tools for monitoring sucking performance. We describe new methods for quantifying neonatal sucking performance that hold significant clinical and research promise. We present early results from an ongoing study investigating neonatal sucking as a marker of risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We include quantitative measures of sucking performance to better understand how movement variability evolves during skill acquisition. Results showed the coefficient of variation of suck duration was significantly different between preterm neonates at high risk for developmental concerns (HRPT) and preterm neonates at low risk for developmental concerns (LRPT). For HRPT, results indicated the coefficient of variation of suck smoothness increased from initial feeding to discharge and remained significantly greater than healthy full-term newborns (FT) at discharge. There was no significant difference in our measures between FT and LRPT at discharge. Our findings highlight the need to include neonatal sucking assessment as part of routine clinical care in order to capture the relative risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at discharge. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Efferent inhibition of otoacoustic emissions in preterm neonates

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Renata Mota Mamede Carvallo

2015-10-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Abnormalities in auditory function of newborns may occur not only because of preterm birth, but also from the use of medications and from diseases related to prematurity. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the inhibitory effect from stimulation of the olivocochlear efferent system on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in preterm neonates, comparing these data with those from full-term neonates. METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, contemporary cohort study with 125 neonates, pooled into two groups: full-term (72 full-term neonates, 36 females and 36 males, born at 37-41 weeks of gestational age; and preterm (53 neonates, 28 males and 25 females, born at ≤36 weeks of gestational age, evaluated at the corrected gestational age of 37-41 weeks. Otoacoustic emissions were recorded using linear and nonlinear click-evoked stimuli, with and without contralateral stimulation. RESULTS: The inhibitory effect of the efferent pathway in otoacoustic emissions was different (p = 0.012 between groups, and a mean reduction of 1.48 dB SPL in full-term births and of 1.02 dB SPL in preterm births was observed for the non-linear click-evoked stimulus. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a reduced inhibitory effect of the olivocochlear efferent system on otoacoustic emissions in preterm neonates.

Infecciones intrahospitalarias asociadas a dispositivos invasivos en unidades de cuidados intensivos de un hospital nacional de Lima, Perú

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Omayra Chincha

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de describir la incidencia de infecciones intrahospitalarias asociadas a dispositivos invasivos en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo utilizando datos de la Oficina de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental durante los años 2010 al 2012. Se notificó un total de 222 infecciones intrahospitalarias, la UCI de Medicina tuvo la incidencia por 1000 días de uso del dispositivo más alta para neumonía asociada a ventilador mecánico (28,6; infección del torrente sanguíneo asociado a catéter venoso central (11,9, e infección del tracto urinario asociado a catéter (8,1. Los principales agentes infecciosos aislados fueron Pseudomona sp. (32,3% en la UCI de emergencia, Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo(36% en la UCI de medicina y Candida sp (69,2% en la UCI de cirugía. Las tasas de infecciones asociadas a dispositivos invasivos se reportaron altas semejantes a otros hospitales nacionales con limitados recursos e infraestructura

Infecciones intrahospitalarias asociadas a dispositivos invasivos en unidades de cuidados intensivos de un hospital nacional de Lima, Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Omayra Chincha

Full Text Available Con el objetivo de describir la incidencia de infecciones intrahospitalarias asociadas a dispositivos invasivos en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo utilizando datos de la Oficina de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental durante los años 2010 al 2012. Se notificó un total de 222 infecciones intrahospitalarias, la UCI de Medicina tuvo la incidencia por 1000 días de uso del dispositivo más alta para neumonía asociada a ventilador mecánico (28,6; infección del torrente sanguíneo asociado a catéter venoso central (11,9, e infección del tracto urinario asociado a catéter (8,1. Los principales agentes infecciosos aislados fueron Pseudomona sp. (32,3% en la UCI de emergencia, Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo(36% en la UCI de medicina y Candida sp (69,2% en la UCI de cirugía. Las tasas de infecciones asociadas a dispositivos invasivos se reportaron altas semejantes a otros hospitales nacionales con limitados recursos e infraestructura

Inflammatory and vascular placental lesions are associated with neonatal amplitude integrated EEG recording in early premature neonates.

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Dorit Paz-Levy

Full Text Available Placental histologic examination can assist in revealing the mechanism leading to preterm birth. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between intrauterine pathological processes, morbidity and mortality of premature infants, and their long term outcome. Neonatal brain activity is increasingly monitored in neonatal intensive care units by amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG and indices of background activity and sleep cycling patterns were correlated with long term outcome. We hypothesized an association between types of placental lesions and abnormal neonatal aEEG patterns.To determine the association between the placental lesions observed in extreme preterm deliveries, and their neonatal aEEG patterns and survival.This prospective cohort study included extreme premature infants, who were born ≤ 28 weeks of gestation, their placentas were available for histologic examination, and had a continues aEEG, soon after birthn = 34. Infants and maternal clinical data were collected. aEEG data was assessed for percentage of depressed daily activity in the first 3 days of life and for sleep cycling. Associations of placental histology with clinical findings and aEEG activity were explored using parametric and non-parametric statistics.Twenty two out of the 34 newborns survived to discharge. Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM or chorioamnionitis were associated with placental lesions consistent with fetal amniotic fluid infection (AFI or maternal under perfusion (MUP (P < 0.05. Lesions consistent with fetal response to AFI were associated with absence of SWC pattern during the 1st day of life. Fetal-vascular-thrombo-occlusive lesions of inflammatory type were negatively associated with depressed cerebral activity during the 1st day of life, and with aEEG cycling during the 2nd day of life (P<0.05. Placental lesions associated with MUP were associated with depressed neonatal cerebral activity during the first 3 days of life (P = 0

Prevalence of neonatal septicaemia in the University of Port ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background : Septicaemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. Early detection of neonatal septicaemia is often hampered by its subtle and nonspecific symptoms and signs thus a high index of suspicion is needed. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of neonatal sept ic a emia , ident i fy ...

The first occurrence of a CTX-M ESBL-producing Escherichia coli outbreak mediated by mother to neonate transmission in an Irish neonatal intensive care unit.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

O'Connor, Ciara

2017-01-05

Escherichia coli (E. coli) comprise part of the normal vaginal microflora. Transfer from mother to neonate can occur during delivery resulting, sometimes, in neonatal bacterial disease. Here, we aim to report the first outbreak of CTX-M ESBL-producing E. coli with evidence of mother-to-neonate transmission in an Irish neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) followed by patient-to-patient transmission.

Impacto turístico del Festival Iberoamericano de Teatro de Bogotá

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Manuel Leguizamón

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza el impacto que ha tenido el Festival Iberoamericano de Teatro de Bogotá (FITB en el comportamiento turístico de esta ciudad particularmente con base las últimas celebraciones de éste y la percepción de los locales con su realización partiendo de reconocer al FITB como un gran evento cultural. Para tal propósito se analizaron estudios previos de impacto social y cultural, complementados con un estudio realizado a una muestra de espectadores y entrevistas a organizadores del festival. Se concluyó que Bogotá, como destino turístico, encuentra en el FITB una importante oportu- nidad de "fidelizar" turistas interesados en las artes escénicas pues la mayoría visitan la ciudad sólo una vez. Esto dependerá del mejoramiento de la calidad que perciben de la ciudad en relación con la oferta de productos y de servicios turísticos, la seguridad, la hospitalidad, las buenas prácticas ambientales, las facilidades de movilidad, la conectividad.

Impacto de la certificación ISO 9001 en clínicas de Cali, Colombia

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Juan Carlos Osorio Gómez

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El auge de la certificación ISO 9001 ha hecho que no solo las empresas manufactureras, sino también las organizaciones prestadoras de servicios, entren en estos procesos de certificación. Sin embargo, permanece latente la pregunta sobre si efectivamente la organización obtiene un beneficio real por implementar y certificar su sistema de gestión de la calidad según dicha norma. Por eso se ha desarrollado el presente proyecto de investigación, en el que se ha buscado medir el impacto de la certificación ISO 9001 en las clínicas de la ciudad de Cali, en Colombia, enfocándose principalmente en los aspectos de calidad y competitividad de estas compañías. Para ello, se contactaron las clínicas certificadas en la ciudad y, mediante información directa suministrada por las entidades, se logró determinar el grado de impacto alcanzado por estas en los aspectos mencionados. Es importante destacar que todas las clínicas participantes del proceso han obtenido un impacto positivo en sus indicadores a partir de la certificación. Los indicadores definidos y los instrumentos utilizados para este proyecto pueden ser fácilmente ajustados para el mismo propósito en otros sectores y en cualquier tipo de organizaciones.

Bloodstream Infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

OpenAIRE

Mehmet Sah Ipek

2016-01-01

Aim: To determine the pattern of bloodstream infections (BSIs) and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Material and Method: Positive hemoculture of neonates diagnosed with nosocomial sepsis from March 2011 to March 2014 in the NICU of Diyarbakir Maternity and Children%u2019s Hospital, in the southeastern region of Anatolia, Turkey, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 148 pathogens were isolated in 142 neonates. The most common micr...

Photodegradation of riboflavin in neonates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sisson, T.R.

1987-01-01

The biologically most important flavins are riboflavin and its related nucleotides, all highly sensitive to light. It is because of its photoreactivity and its presence in almost all body fluids and tissues that riboflavin assumes importance in phototherapy of neonatal jaundice. The absorption maxima of both bilirubin and riboflavin in the body are nearly identical: 445-450 (447) nm. In consequence, blue visible light will cause photoisomerization of bilirubin accompanied by photodegradation of riboflavin. This results in diminished erythrocyte glutathione reductase, which indicates generalized tissue riboflavin deficiency and red cell lysis. Single- and double-strand breaks in intracellular DNA have occurred with phototherapy. This light exposure of neonates may result also in alterations of bilirubin-albumin binding in the presence of both riboflavin and theophylline (the latter frequently given to prevent neonatal apnea). Many newborns, especially if premature, have low stores of riboflavin at birth. The absorptive capacity of premature infants for enteral riboflavin is likewise reduced. Consequently, inherently low stores and low intake of riboflavin plus phototherapy for neonatal jaundice will cause a deficiency of riboflavin at a critical period for the newborn. Supplementation to those infants most likely to develop riboflavin deficiency is useful, but dosage, time, and mode of administration to infants undergoing phototherapy must be carefully adjusted to avoid unwanted side effects

An MR-compatible neonatal incubator.

Science.gov (United States)

Paley, M N J; Hart, A R; Lait, M; Griffiths, P D

2012-07-01

To develop a neonatal MR-compatible incubator for transporting babies between a neonatal intensive care unit and an MRI unit that is within the same hospital but geographically separate. The system was strapped to a standard MR-compatible patient trolley, which provides space for resuscitation outside the incubator. A constant-temperature exothermic heat pad was used to maintain temperature together with a logging fluoro-optic temperature monitor and alarm system. The system has been designed to accommodate standard knee-sized coils from the major MR manufacturers. The original incubator was constructed from carbon fibre, but this required modification to prevent radiofrequency shading artefacts due to the conducting properties of the carbon fibre. A high-tensile polyester material was used, which combined light weight with high impact strength. The system could be moved onto the patient bed with the coils and infant in place by one technologist. Studies in eight neonatal patients produced high quality 1.5 T MR images with low motion artefacts. The incubator should also be compatible with imaging in 3 T MR systems, although further work is required to establish this. Images were acquired using both rapid and high-resolution sequences, including three-dimensional volumes, proton spectra and diffusion weighting. The incubator provides a safe, quiet environment for neonates during transport and imaging, at low cost.