Using MCNP for in-core instrument calibration in CANDU

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taylor, D.C. [Point Lepreau Generating Station, NB Power, Lepreau, New Brunswick (Canada); Anghel, V.N.P.; Sur, B. [Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, Ontario (Canada)

2002-07-01

The calibration of in-core instruments is important for safe and economical CANDU operation. However, in-core detectors are not normally suited to bench calibration procedures. This paper describes the use and validation of detailed neutron transport calculations for the purpose of calibrating the response of in-core neutron flux detectors. The Monte-Carlo transport code, MCNP, was used to model the thermal neutron flux distribution in the region around self-powered in-core flux detectors (ICFDs), and in the vicinity of the calandria edge. The ICFD model was used to evaluate the reduction in signal of a given detector (the 'detector shading factor') due to neutron absorption in surrounding materials, detectors, and lead-cables. The calandria edge model was used to infer the accuracy of the calandria edge position from flux scans performed by AECL's traveling flux detector (TFD) system. The MCNP results were checked against experimental results on ICFDs, and also against shading factors computed by other means. The use of improved in-core detector calibration factors obtained by this new methodology will improve the accuracy of spatial flux control performance in CANDU-6 reactors. The accurate determination of TFD based calandria edge position is useful in the quantitative measurement of changes in in-core component dimensions and position due to aging, such as pressure tube sag. (author)

Research and development of in-core transducers at the CIAE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Yucai; Liu Yupu; Jia Guozhen; Liu Lianping

1996-01-01

In this paper, R and D of in-core transducers at the CIAE are briefly summarized. With the construction and commissioning of PWR nuclear power plant in China, fuel rod behaviour need to be studied carefully. As conventional transducers cannot meet the requirements of in-core applications, R and D of in-core transducers are developed. Since 1980's, several kinds of in-core transducers have been successfully fabricated and tested under the conditions simulating PWR. At present, in-pile tests of the transducers combining with the studies of individual behaviour of PWR fuel rod are being planned at the CIAE. (author). 11 refs, 12 figs, 4 tabs

Multiplexing and data processing of in-core signals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meyer, M.

1983-01-01

The application of multiplexing and signal processing techniques used for reactor operation and utilisation of data from the in-core instrumentation system is described. After a brief recall about in-core instrumentation, the aims, the advantages of multiplexing are presented. One of the aims of this realization is to show the compatibity between the technologies used with a PWR environment [fr

Rational mapping (RAM) of in-core data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bonalumi, R.A.; Kherani, N.P.

1985-01-01

A unique processing of in-core flux detector data is described and demonstrated, such that the detailed in-core power distribution can be derived with great accuracy by combining a speciall ''smoothed-out'' set of in-core data with neutron diffusion theory. Rational Mapping (RAM) is designed in such a way that erratic detector signals are recognized very efficiently and can be eliminated from the experimental data set: This is achieved by modal expansion of the difference between theoretical fluxes and experimental fluxes at the detector sites. Sensitivity studies have shown that RAM is quite stable, does not absorb the ''wild'' detector error in the mapping procedure, and results in mapped fluxes with errors about three times smaller than would be obtained by direct interpolation of detector readings. A new method is described to infer corrections to theoretical core parameters based on the difference between the RAM fluxes and the theoretical fluxes

Analysis of Irradiation Holes of In-Core Region

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

In, Won-ho; Lee, Yong-sub; Kim, Tae-hwan; Lim, Kyoung-hwan; Ahn, Hyung-jin [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2015-05-15

Test fuels and materials are irradiated in the in-core region in side of the chimney. The inner chimney is composed of In-Core and Out-Core regions. The In-Core region has 23 hexagonal vertical irradiation holes named from R01 to R20, CT, IR1 and IR2 and 8 cylindrical irradiation holes named from CAR1 to CAR4 and SOR1 to SOR4. The Out-Core region is composed of 8 cylindrical irradiation holes named from OR1 to OR8 which are installed near the inner shell of the reflector tank. HANARO is the multi-purpose research reactor which utilizes in-core irradiation holes, which is being used in various field. Over the past 7 years we have used CT 8 times, IR once, IR2 and OR3 twice, OR4 three times and OR5 ten times. These irradiation holes are used to perform an evaluation of the neutron irradiation properties and the tests were all completed and done successfully. HANARO has been used successfully, and it still will be used continuously in various fields such as nuclear in-pile tests, the production of radioisotopes, neutron transmutation doping, neutron activation analysis, neutron beam research, radiography, environmental science.

Determinação de substitutos da manteiga de cacau em coberturas de chocolate através da análise de triacilgliceróis Determination of cocoa butter substitutes in coating chocolate.by analysis the triacylglycerol composition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valéria Paula Rodrigues MINIM

1999-05-01

Full Text Available A legislação brasileira proíbe a adição de substitutos da manteiga de cacau ao chocolate. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o padrão de qualidade de coberturas comercializadas na região de Campinas. Para isso, foram analisadas cinco marcas de cobertura de chocolate ao leite e quatro de cobertura de chocolate amargo. Para verificar a possível adição de substitutos determinou-se, por cromatografia gasosa a alta temperatura (CGAT, a composição em triacilgliceróis da gordura extraída e os resultados foram analisados pelo método matemático de Padley & Timms. Não foi detectada a presença de substitutos da manteiga de cacau nas amostras de cobertura de chocolate analisadas.Brazilian regulations prohibit the addition of cocoa butter replacements to chocolate, in total or partial substitution. The objective of the present work was to check the quality standards of four of coating bitter Brasilian chocolate bars and five of coating milk chocolate bars, commercialized in Campinas. In order to check the possible addition of substitutes, the triacylglycerol composition was determined, and the results were analysed by Padley & Timms mathematical method. The triacylglycerol composition of each sample was determined by high temperature gas chromatography (HTGC. The presence of cocoa butter replacements was not detected in the brands of coating chocolate.

On-line reconstruction of in-core power distribution by harmonics expansion method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Changhui; Wu Hongchun; Cao Liangzhi; Yang Ping

2011-01-01

Highlights: → A harmonics expansion method for the on-line in-core power reconstruction is proposed. → A harmonics data library is pre-generated off-line and a code named COMS is developed. → Numerical results show that the maximum relative error of the reconstruction is less than 5.5%. → This method has a high computational speed compared to traditional methods. - Abstract: Fixed in-core detectors are most suitable in real-time response to in-core power distributions in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). In this paper, a harmonics expansion method is used to reconstruct the in-core power distribution of a PWR on-line. In this method, the in-core power distribution is expanded by the harmonics of one reference case. The expansion coefficients are calculated using signals provided by fixed in-core detectors. To conserve computing time and improve reconstruction precision, a harmonics data library containing the harmonics of different reference cases is constructed. Upon reconstruction of the in-core power distribution on-line, the two closest reference cases are searched from the harmonics data library to produce expanded harmonics by interpolation. The Unit 1 reactor of DayaBay Nuclear Power Plant (DayaBay NPP) in China is considered for verification. The maximum relative error between the measurement and reconstruction results is less than 5.5%, and the computing time is about 0.53 s for a single reconstruction, indicating that this method is suitable for the on-line monitoring of PWRs.

Nuclear detectors for in-core power-reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duchene, Jean; Verdant, Robert.

1979-12-01

Nuclear reactor control is commonly obtained through neutronic measurements, ex-core and in-core. In large size reactors flux instabilities may take place. For a good monitoring of them, local in-core power measurements become particularly useful. This paper intends to review the questions about neutronic sensors with could be used in-core. A historical account about methods is given first, from early power reactors with brief description of each system. Sensors presently used (ionization fission chambers, self-powered detectors) are then considered and also those which could be developped such as gamma thermometers. Their physical basis, main characteristics and operation modes are detailed. Preliminary tests and works needed for an extension of their life-time are indicated. As an example present irradiation tests at the CEA are then proposed. Two tables will help comparing the characteristics of each type in terms of its precise purpose: fuel monitoring, safety or power control. Finally a table summarizes the kind of sensors mounted on working power reactors and another one is a review of characteristics for some detectors from obtainable commercial sheets [fr

Surface modification method for reactor incore structural component

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Obata, Minoru; Sudo, Akira.

1996-01-01

A large number of metal or ceramic small spheres accelerated by pressurized air are collided against a surface of a reactor incore structures or a welded surface of the structural components, and then finishing is applied by polishing to form compression stresses on the surface. This can change residual stresses into compressive stress without increasing the strength of the surface. Accordingly, stress corrosion crackings of the incore structural components or welded portions thereof can be prevented thereby enabling to extend the working life of equipments. (T.M.)

Mathematical optimization of incore nuclear fuel management decisions: Status and trends

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Turinsky, P.J.

1999-01-01

Nuclear fuel management involves making decisions about the number of fresh assemblies to purchase and their Attributes (e.g. enrichment and burnable poison loading), burnt fuel to reinsert, location of the assemblies in the core (i.e. loading pattern (LP)), and insertion of control rods as a function of cycle exposure (i.e. control rod pattern (CRP)). The out-of-core and incore nuclear fuel management problems denote an artificial separation of decisions to simplify the decisionmaking. The out-of-core problem involves multicycle analysis so that levelized fuel cycle cost can be evaluated; whereas, the incore problem normally involves single cycle analysis. Decision variables for the incore problem normally include all of the above noted decisions with the exception of the number of fresh assemblies, which is restricted by discharge burnup limits and therefore involves multicycle considerations. This paper reports on the progress that is being made in addressing the incore nuclear fuel management problem utilizing formal mathematical optimization methods. Advances in utilizing the Simulating Annealing, Genetic Algorithm and Tabu Search methods, with applications to pressurized and boiling water reactor incore optimization problem, will be reviewed. Recent work on the addition of multiobjective optimization capability to aide the decision maker, and utilization of heuristic rules and incorporation of parallel algorithms to increase computational efficiency, will be discussed. (orig.) [de

In-core LOCA (PTR) analysis with poisoned moderator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, S. R.; Kim, B. G.; Kim, T. M.; Choi, J. H.; Kim, Yun Ho; Choi, Hoon

2005-01-01

CANDU reactors have been analyzed and evaluated for the postulated in-core LOCA while the reactor is operating normally with low moderator poison concentration. However, when the reactor is operating with relatively large amounts of boron and/or gadolinium poisons in the moderator, the assessment for fuel integrity was required for pressure tube rupture (PTR) accident. The methodology of in-core LOCA analysis with poisoned moderator is developed to determine the effective trip parameters, evaluate the fuel integrity, and establish the standard reactor start-up model for CANDU reactor recently. The developed methodology and results are presented

Use of TRIGA flip fuel for improved in-core irradiations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Whittemore, W L [General Atomic Co., San Diego, CA (United States)

1974-07-01

Use of standard TRIGA fuel (20% enriched uranium) in a reactor provides a suitable facility for in-core irradiations. However, large numbers of in-core samples irradiated for long periods (many months) can be handled more economically with a TRIGA loaded with FLIP fuel. As an example, ten or more in-core thermionic devices (each worth 50 to 80 cents with respect to a water-filled position) were irradiated in the Mark III TRIGA at General Atomic Company for 18 months with only a modest change in excess reactivity due to core burnup. A core loading of FLIP fuel has been added to the General Atomic Mark F reactor in order to provide numerous in-core irradiation sites for the production of radioisotopes. Since the worth of a 500-gram sample of a molybdenum compound (used for the production of {sup 99}Mo) is about 25 to 50 cents with respect to a water-filled position, use of a FLIP- TRIGA core will permit the irradiation of more than 5 kilograms of a molybdenum compound. A procedure is under development for the production of {sup 99}Mo with relatively high specific activity. Several techniques to concentrate {sup 99}Mo have been tested experimentally. The results will be reported. (author)

Design and fabrication of self-powered in-core neutron flux monitor assembly

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chung, M.K.; Cho, S.W.; Kang, H.D.; Cho, K.K.; Cho, B.S.; Kang, S.S.

1980-01-01

This is the final report on the prototypical fabrication of an in-core neutron flux monitor detector assembly for a specific power reactor conducted by KAERI from July 1, 1978 to December 31, 1979. It is well known that power reactors require a large number of in-core neutron flux detector for reactor regulation and the structures of detector assemblies are different from reactor to reactor. Therefore, from the nature of this project, it should be noted here that the target model of the prototypical farbrication of an in-core neutron flux monitor detector assembly is a VFD-2 System for Wolsung CANDU. It is concluded that fabrication of in-core neutron flux monitor detector assembly for CANDU reactor is technically feasible and will bring economical benefit as much as 50 % of the unit price if they are fabricated in Korea by using partially materials which are available from local market. (author)

Grupos substitutos, correspondência de assembléias aquáticas em relação a esquemas de classificação regional, e determinantes de diversidade beta em uma planície de inundação neotropical

OpenAIRE

PADIAL, André Andrian

2010-01-01

Um objetivo geral em Ecologia é entender como as comunidades estão organizadas no espaço e no tempo. Um aspecto de grande interesse para conservação é avaliar as similaridades na estrutura espacial e temporal da composição de diferentes grupos biológicos que habitam um mesmo ecossistema. Utilizando a abordagem de grupos substitutos, se dois grupos biológicos apresentam estrutura espacial/temporal similar, apenas um desses grupos concordantes poderia ser avaliado em esforços de ...

The neutron beam intensity increase by in-core fuel management enhancement in multipurpose research reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martinc, R.; Vukadin, Z.; Konstantinovic, J.

1986-01-01

The exploitation characteristics of an existing multipurpose research reactor can be increased not only by great reconstruction, but also, to the considerable extent, by the in-core fuel management sophistication. The optimisation of the in-core fuel management procedure in such reactors is governed (among others) by the identified reactor utilisation goals, i.e. by weighting factors dedicated to different utilisation goals, which are often (regarding the in-core fuel management procedure) highly controversial. In this work the best solution for in-core fuel management is sought, with the highest weighting factor dedicated to the neutron beam usage, rather than sample irradiation in the reactor core. The term in-core fuel management includes: the core configuration, the locations of the fresh fuel inflow zone and spent fuel excite zone, and the fuel transfers between these two zones (author)

Cenizas del tamo de arroz como substituto del feldespato en la fabricación de cerámica blanca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amigó B, Vicente

2013-02-01

Full Text Available The substitution of raw materials for processing high energy consumption materials by agricultural and agro-industrial wastes causes a positive impacts on the environment preservation. One of these residues is rice straw, which according to FAO estimation, its annual production is about 600 million tons. In this research was studied the use of rice straw ash (RSA as substitute of the use of feldspar in the whiteware production. Clay-feldspar-quartz porcelains are referred to as triaxial whiteware. Specimens of semidry triaxial mixtures, where feldspar was substituted for different percentages of CTA, were prepared by uniaxial pressing, followed by drying and sintering. Physical and mechanical properties of sintered bodies were evaluated. The porosity and the compressive strength of the fired pieces do increase with additions of up to 75% of CTA in substitution of feldspar. Their mineralogical phases were determined by DRX and SEM; grains of quartz, and needles of primary and secondary mullite were identified in a vitreous phase. It was concluded that feldspar can be substituted positively by CTA in whiteware pastes.

La sustitución de materias primas para procesamiento de materiales -de alto consumo energético- por residuos agrícolas y agroindustriales impacta positivamente el medio ambiente. Uno de estos residuos es la paja o tamo de arroz, del cual la FAO estima que su disponibilidad mundial ronda los 600 millones de toneladas por año. En éste artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre la utilización de una ceniza de tamo o paja de arroz (CTA como substituto del feldespato en la fabricación de cerámica blanca de tipo triaxial. Se prepararon mezclas donde la ceniza sustituyó al feldespato en volúmenes distintos. Especímenes de las pastas obtenidas fueron moldeados, secados, y cocidos. Se evaluaron las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de las cerámicas cocidas. La porosidad y la resistencia a la compresi

Comment on the in-core measurement in the WWER nuclear power plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krett, V.; Dach, K.; Erben, O.

1985-01-01

The activity of the Nuclear Research Institute (NRI) Rez in the field of in-core measurement sensors is described in the paper. The results of comparison and calibration experiments realized on the WWR-S research reactor at the NRI are presented. Measurements with fission calorimeters and SPN detectors carried out in the framework of diagnostic fuel assembly program of WWER NPP reactors are described. Noise measurements with detectors of in-core instrumentation of diagnostic fuel assemblies are also mentioned. Comparison experiments on the WWER-440 NPP reactor are described and the method of function verification of neutron sensors of the in-core control system of these reactors is given. (author)

The in-core experimental program at the MIT Research Reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kohse, G.E.; Hu, L-W., E-mail: kohse@mit.edu [Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Nuclear Reactor Lab., Cambridge, Massachusetts (United States)

2014-07-01

This paper describes the program of in-core experiments at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor (MITR), a 6 MW research reactor. The MITR has a neutron flux and spectrum similar to those in water-cooled power reactors and therefore provides a useful test environment for materials and fuels research. In-core facilities include: a water loop operating at pressurized water or boiling water reactor conditions, an inert gas irradiation facility operating at temperature up to 850 {sup o}C and special purpose facilities including fuel irradiation experiments. Recent and ongoing tests include: water loop investigations of corrosion and thermal and mechanical property evolution of SiC/SiC composites for fuel cladding, irradiation of advanced materials and in-core sensors at elevated temperatures, irradiation in molten fluoride salt at 700 {sup o}C of metal alloy, graphite and composite materials for power reactor applications and instrumented irradiations of metal-bonded hydride fuel. (author)

In-core assembly configuration having a dual-wall pressure boundary for nuclear reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Todt, W.H. Sr.; Playfoot, K.C.

1988-01-01

This patent describes an in-core detector assembly of the type having an in-core part and an out-of-core part and having an elongated outer hollow housing tube with a wall thickness, an inner hollow calibration tube with a wall thickness and disposed concentrically within the outer tube to define an annular space therewith, and a plurality of discrete, circular, rod-like elements extending through the annular space, the improvement comprising: the elements having outer diameters and being of a number to substantially occupy the entire annular space of both the incore and out-of-core parts without significant voids between elements; each of the elements including at least an outer sheath and interior highly compacted mineral insulation for the entire length of the element; a first number of the elements also including center lead means connected to condition responsive element means in the in-core part of the length of the assembly and a second, remaining number of the elements being non-operating elements. The wall thickness of the housing tube and the wall thickness of the calibration tube, taken together with the diameter of the elements, provide a thickness dimension adequate to meet code primary pressure requirements for normal nuclear reactor in-core conditions, while the wall thickness of the calibration tube alone provides a thickness dimension less than adequate to meet such requirements

Determination of fuel assembly vibrational modes through analysis of incore detector noise

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson, R.S.

1986-01-01

In order to better characterize fuel assembly vibration at Duke Power Company's Oconee Nuclear Station, incore noise data were acquired an analyzed from prompt responding detectors incorporated in the Oconee 2, Cycle 7 core. Duke Power Company began actively pursuing an inhouse Neutron Noise Analysis program for routine surveillance of reactor internals vibration in 1979. Noise data has since been acquired and analyzed for twelve cycles of operation for the three Oconee units. Duke Power's Oconee Unit 2 is a Babcock and Wilcoxs pressurized water reactor with a rate thermal power of 2568MW. For Oconee 2, Cycle 7 operation, two test assemblies, each employing a string of seven axially-spaced, prompt responding hafnium detectors, were included in the final core design. Incore detector noise data were obtained during Cycle 7 at approximately 281 and 430 effective full power days (EFPD). In addition to the incore test detector signals, noise signals from the upper and lower chambers of the four excore power range detectors were recorded to aid in the analysis. The comparison of RMS signal levels for each incore detector and the phase relationships between detector locations within two test assemblies identified the first four fuel assembly bending modes associated with fixed end conditions

Improved sealing for in-core systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dunford, S.

1989-01-01

The in-core instrumentation sealing nozzles designed by Framatome have three mechanical seals in series instead of the one traditional seal, and are pressurized by simply tightening up the nozzle covers. They have been installed from the start on all Framatome PWRs, as well as having been backfitted on Belgium and Yugoslavian units and chosen for the Chinese Qinshan plant. (author)

Substitutos do leite materno: passado e presente Breast-milk substitutes: past and present

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Ferreira Rea

1990-06-01

Full Text Available Apresenta-se revisão da evolução histórica da substituição do leite de peito por produtos industrializados cujas origens remontam ao século XVIII. Destaca-se a estratégia de promoção comercial de fórmulas infantis, já neste século, atribuindo-se as diferentes formas de comercialização utilizadas à necessidade de busca de novos mercados nos países do Terceiro Mundo. Frente às indicações precisas que os chamados substitutos do leite materno têm, chama-se a atenção para o processo de conscientização dos profissionais de saúde e grupos de consumidores sobre as conseqüências do abuso da utilização desses substitutos, processo este que levou a Organização Mundial da Saúde e o United Nations Children's Fund a recomendarem a regulamentação de suas práticas comerciais, e o Brasil a adotá-la.The historical development of industrialized products used as breast-milk, substitutes a process begun in the 18th century, is studied. The marketing strategy currently adopted infant formula companies is stressed and the different commercial practices used in the search for new markets in third world countries are described. A warning is given as to the precise instructions giver for the use of the socalles breast-milk substitutes, and the attention of health professionals and consumer groups is called to the low level of awareness regarding this subject, a factor which led the World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund to recommend the preparation of an appropriate marketing code and to its adoption by Brazil.

Feasibility study for CPR1000 incore measurement instrumentation educed from the reactor pressure vessel upper head

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guang Jianwei; Liu Qian; Li Wenhong; Duan Yuangang

2010-01-01

The article discusses about the feasibility of in-core measurement instrumentation educed from the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) upper head. Incore instrumentation educed from the reactor pressure vessel upper head is one of advanced technology in the third generation nuclear power plant. This technology can reduce the manufacture problem of RPV; decrease the manufacture time effectively. Furthermore, this technology can get rid of the trouble for loss of water caused by many penetrations in the RPV bottom head, can increase security of nuclear power plant. By the description of structure analysis, comparison, maturity for four type incore instrumentation detectors, the incore instrumentation can be educed from RPV upper head, which can increase reactor's security, reduce the manufacture time, decrease group dose in refueling period. The core design ability can be enhanced through this study. (authors)

In-core fuel management programs for nuclear power reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1984-10-01

In response to the interest shown by Member States, the IAEA organized a co-ordinated research programme to develop and make available in the open domain a set of programs to perform in-core fuel management calculations. This report summarizes the work performed in the context of the CRP. As a result of this programme, complete in-core fuel management packages for three types of reactors, namely PWR's, BWR's and PHWR are now available from the NEA Data Bank. For some reactor types, these program packages are available with three levels of sophistication ranging from simple methods for educational purposes to more comprehensive methods that can be used for reactor design and operation. In addition some operating data have been compiled to allow code validation. (author)

77 FR 30435 - In-core Thermocouples at Different Elevations and Radial Positions in Reactor Core

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-23

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION 10 CFR Part 50 [Docket No. PRM-50-105; NRC-2012-0056] In-core Thermocouples at Different Elevations and Radial Positions in Reactor Core AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission... of operating licenses for nuclear power plants (``NPP'') to operate NPPs with in-core thermocouples...

The method to Certify Performance of Long-Lived In-Core Instrumentation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Roh, Kyung-ho; Cha, Kyoon-ho; Moon, Sang-rae [KHNP CRI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2015-10-15

Rh ICI (In-Core Instrumentation) used in OPR1000 generates the relatively large signal but its lifetime is below 6 years. Rh ICI consists of 5 detectors which is a type of SPND (Self Powered Neutron Detector), a couple of thermo-couple, one background wire and several fillers. The short lifetime of Rh detector causes increase of procurement price and space shortage of spent fuel pool. Also, it makes operators be exposed by more radiations. KHNP (Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.) CRI (Central Research Institute) is developing the LLICI (Long-Lived In-Core Instrumentation) based on vanadium to solve these problems. LLICI is the detector which is a type of SPND based on Vanadium and has the lifetime of about 10 years. The short lifetime of OPR1000's Rh ICI and long cycle operation strategy cause increase of procurement price, space shortage of spent fuel pool and more radiation exposed to operators. KHNP (Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.) CRI (Central Research Institute) is developing the LLICI (Long-Lived In-Core Instrumentation) to solve these problems.

Development of three methods for control rod position monitoring based on fixed in-core neutron detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peng, Xingjie; Li, Qing; Wang, Kan

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Three methods are utilized separately to unfold the control rod position from the fixed in-core neutron detector measurements. • Fixed in-core neutron detector measurements are simulated by neutronics code SMART. • Numerical results show that all these methods can unfold the control rod position accurately. • Two correction strategies are proposed to correct the simulated fixed in-core detector signals. - Abstract: Nuclear reactor core power distribution on-line monitoring system is very important in core surveillance, and this system should have the ability to indicate some abnormal conditions, such as the unacceptable control rod misalignment. In this study, the methodologies of radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), group method of data handling (GMDH) and Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm are utilized separately to unfold the control rod position from the fixed in-core neutron detector measurements. For using these methods, a large number of in-core detector signals corresponding to various known rod positions are needed. These data can be generated by an advanced core calculation code. In this study, the neutronics code SMART was used. The simulation results show that all these methods can unfold the control rod position accurately, and the performance comparison shows that the regularized RBFNN performs best. Two correction strategies are proposed to correct the simulated fixed in-core detector signals and improve the rod position monitoring accuracy when there are mismatches between actual physical factors and modeled physical factors

In-core fuel management practice in HANARO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim Hark Rho; Lee Choong Sung; Lee Jo Bok

1997-01-01

KAERI (KOREA Atomic Energy Research Institute) completed the system performance tests for the HANARO (Hi-flux Advanced Neutron Application Research Reactor) on December 1994. Its initial criticality was achieved on February 8, 1995. A variety of the reactor physics experiments were performed in parallel with configuring the first cycle core and now HANARO is in the third cycle operation. The in-core fuel management in HANARO is performed on the following strategy: 1) the cycle length of the equilibrium core is at least 4 week FPDs, 2) the maximum linear heat generation rate should be within the design limit, 3) the reactor should have shutdown margin of 1% Δk/k at minimum, 4) the available thermal flux should satisfy the users' requirements. This paper presents the fuel management practice in HANARO. Section II briefly describes the design feature of the HANARO and the method of analysis follows in section III and section IV describes In-core fuel management practice and the conclusion is remarked in the final section. (author)

Propriedades físicas de substitutos do cacau Physical properties of cocoa substitutes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magda Leite Medeiros

2010-05-01

Full Text Available O cacau em pó é obtido a partir da pasta de cacau, preparada com sementes que passaram pelos processos de fermentação, secagem, torrefação, moagem e prensa (para separação da manteiga de cacau. Nos últimos anos, houve aumento na oferta de gorduras substitutas à manteiga de cacau, diminuindo a dependência da indústria alimentícia em relação a esta, mas aumentando a demanda por cacau em pó. Nos países líderes de produção, o preço do cacau é afetado pelo clima, pragas e fatores políticos. Substitutos de cacau são substâncias que podem entrar na formulação de produtos que utilizam cacau em pó para substituí-lo parcial ou totalmente, com a finalidade de reduzir o preço do produto final, garantir a qualidade dos produtos dependentes de cacau na entressafra ou mesmo na possível ausência do cacau em pó no mercado. Os substitutos avaliados foram: farinha tostada de alfarroba, cupuaçu em pó, composto da semente de cacau e aromas. O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar fisicamente o cacau e seus substitutos por meio das análises de compactação, densidade, ângulo de repouso, isoterma de adsorção de umidade, tamanho de partícula, molhabilidade e umidade crítica relativa. Concluiu-se que os produtos analisados apresentaram diferentes propriedades físicas daquelas do cacau, sendo estas refletidas nas formulações em que serão aplicados e no melhor tipo de embalagem a ser utilizada.Cocoa powder is obtained from the paste of cocoa prepared with fermented, dried, toasted, grinded, and pressed seeds (to separate cocoa butter. In the last years, there has been more offers of cocoa butter substitutes decreasing the food industry dependence but increasing the demand for cocoa powder. Moreover, in the producing leader countries, the price of cocoa sub-products is affected by the climate, pests, and political issues. Cocoa substitutes are substances that can substitute, total or partially, the cocoa powder in the formulation

Logic based feature detection on incore neutron spectra

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Racz, A.; Kiss, S.; Bende-Farkas, S. (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest (Hungary). Central Research Inst. for Physics)

1993-04-01

A general framework for detecting features of incore neutron spectra with a rule-based methodology is presented. As an example, we determine the meaningful peaks in the APSD-s. This work is part of a larger project, aimed at developing a noise diagnostic expert system. (Author).

Comparison study on in-core neutron detector for online neutron flux mapping of research and power reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zareen Khan Abdul Jalil Khan; Mohd Idris Taib; Izhar Abu Husin; Nurfarhana Ayuni

2010-01-01

This paper presents the comparison study on In-Core neutron detector using for online flux mapping of Research and Power reactor. Technical description of in-core neutron also taken into consideration to identify the different characterization of neutron detector and describe on Self Power neutron detector (SPND) for online neutron flux mapping. Able to provide information on the neutron flux distribution and understand how in-core neutron detector are being used in nuclear power plant including to enable to state the principles of neutron detector. (author)

In-core fuel management code package validation for BWRs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-12-01

The main goal of the present CRP (Coordinated Research Programme) was to develop benchmarks which are appropriate to check and improve the fuel management computer code packages and their procedures. Therefore, benchmark specifications were established which included a set of realistic data for running in-core fuel management codes. Secondly, the results of measurements and/or operating data were also provided to verify and compare with these parameters as calculated by the in-core fuel management codes or code packages. For the BWR it was established that the Mexican Laguna Verde 1 BWR would serve as the model for providing data on the benchmark specifications. It was decided to provide results for the first 2 cycles of Unit 1 of the Laguna Verde reactor. The analyses of the above benchmarks are performed in two stages. In the first stage, the lattice parameters are generated as a function of burnup at different voids and with and without control rod. These lattice parameters form the input for 3-dimensional diffusion theory codes for over-all reactor analysis. The lattice calculations were performed using different methods, such as, Monte Carlo, 2-D integral transport theory methods. Supercell Model and transport-diffusion model with proper correction for burnable absorber. Thus the variety of results should provide adequate information for any institute or organization to develop competence to analyze In-core fuel management codes. 15 refs, figs and tabs

SEDRIO/INCORE, an automatic optimal loading pattern search system for PWR NPP reload core using an expert system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xian Chunyu; Zhang Zongyao

2003-01-01

The expert knowledge library for Daya Bay and Qinshan phase II NPP has been established based on expert knowledge, and the reload core loading pattern heuristic search is performed. The in-core fuel management code system INCORE that has been used in engineering design is employed for neutron calculation, and loading pattern is evaluated by using of cycle length and core radial power peaking factor. The developed system SEDRIO/INCORE has been applied in cycle 4 for unit 2 of Daya Bay NPP and cycle 4 for Phase II in Qinshan NPP. The application demonstrated that the loading patterns obtained by SEDRIO/INCORE system are much better than reference ones from the view of the radial power peak and the cycle length

About the study of irradiation effects on in-core instrumentation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Angelino, G.

1972-01-01

The knowledge of in-core instrumentation performances is a very important item when irradiations of technological interest are concerned. When measurement of small changes in mechanical or thermal properties is of major importance, the effect of neutron and gamma irradiation on various transducers must be thoroughly evaluated. A rig mock-up was irradiated in the Triga Mark II Reactor of the Pavia University to assess the possibility of carrying out a study on irradiation effects on in-core instrumentation. Data on neutron flux distribution and γ-heating effect were collected from this preliminary experiment; at the same time a complete check was performed on rig assembling procedure, on the behaviour under operating conditions, and on the reactor loading and unloading operations. (author)

A Novel Method To On-Line Monitor Reactor Nuclear Power And In-Core Thermal Environments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Hanying; Miller, Don W.; Li, Dongxu; Radcliff, Thomas D.

2002-01-01

For current nuclear power plants, nuclear power can not be directly measured and in-core fuel thermal environments can not be monitored due to the unavailability of an appropriate measurement technology and the inaccessibility of the fuel. If the nuclear deposited power and the in-core thermal conditions (i.e. fuel or coolant temperature and heat transfer coefficient) can be monitored in-situ, then it would play a valuable and critical role in increasing nuclear power, predicting abnormal reactor operation, improving core physical models and reducing core thermal margin so as to implement higher fuel burn-up. Furthermore, the management of core thermal margin and fuel operation may be easier during reactor operation, post-accident or spent fuel storage. On the other hand, for some advanced Generation IV reactors, the sealed and long-lived reactor core design challenges traditional measurement techniques while conventional ex-core detectors and current in-core detectors can not monitor details of the in-core fuel conditions. A method is introduced in this paper that responds to the challenge to measure nuclear power and to monitor the in-core thermal environments, for example, local fuel pin or coolant heat convection coefficient and temperature. In summary, the method, which has been designed for online in-core measurement and surveillance, will be beneficial to advanced plant safety, efficiency and economics by decreasing thermal margin or increasing nuclear power. The method was originally developed for a constant temperature power sensor (CTPS). The CTPS is undergoing design and development for an advanced reactor core to measure in-core nuclear power in measurement mode and to monitor thermal environments in compensation mode. The sensor dynamics was analyzed in compensation mode to determine the environmental temperature and the heat transfer coefficient. Previous research demonstrated that a first order dynamic model is not sufficient to simulate sensor

El grado cero de la inconmensurabilidad: la teoría del Actor-Red como caja de herraminetas = O grau zero da incomensurabilidade: a Teoria do Ator-Rede como caixa de ferramentas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silva, Carlos

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Em 1972, Gilles Deleuze disse que uma teoria é exatamente como uma caixa de ferramentas. Trinta e seis anos depois, um professor da Universidade Autônoma de Barcelona, experto em Teoria do Ator-Rede [ANT], afirmou que esta não deveria tomar-se como um corpo sistemático de conhecimentos, isto é, como uma teoria, mas como uma caixa de ferramentas. Com o fim de constatar a atualidade dessa afirmação, decidi acercar-me a três artigos baseados na ANT. Escolhi os artigos usando de um motor de busca na Internet, o qual pudesse considerar-se o substituto pós-moderno da seleção ao acaso. Assim, em primeiro lugar, apresento uma visão geral de alguns dos princípios da ANT. Em segundo lugar, desdobro minha leitura dos artigos a partir da descrição densa de alguns conceitos da ANT. Finalmente, concluo que a metáfora da caixa de ferramentas é na verdade uma prática que permite se aproximar a diferentes esferas do saber, incluindo a psicologia social, além de qualquer postulado de incomensurabilidade

Studies on signal validation and sensor surveillance for in-core signals in NPP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ciftcioglu, O.

1991-12-01

Signal validation and sensor failure detection are two essential tasks to be carried out continuously in an operating reactor. Towards this aim, an optimal filtering approach for in-core NPP signals is implemented. The method concerns the specific measured input signal information as a parameter state and they are estimated by means of Kalman filtering technique. The signal validation and sensor surveillance system comprise filters as many as the states being considered and each filter receives all the measured signals as inputs in such a way that each filter in hand is desensitized to one of the individual input signals relative to others. In case of no failure of sensors all the filter outputs are identical. Each sensor output is tested by means of corresponding estimate present at the output of that filter which is desensitized to the sensor being tested. The comparison test is carried out continuously in real-time and any significant deviation noted during the test process is identified to be a sensor failure together with the faulty sensor. The method is investigated by means of real plant data of the in-core neutron detectors and core-inlet and outlet thermocouples of the Borssele nuclear power plant. The method has proven to be effective for fast and reliable in-core sensor failure detection as well as for in-core signal validation in normal operation indicating its further effectiveness for model validation applications in nuclear power plants. (author). 17 refs.; 4 figs.; 1 tab

Recent enhancements of the INSIGHT integrated in-core fuel management tool

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akio, Yamamoto

2001-01-01

Recent enhancements of the INSIGHT system are described in this paper. The INSIGHT system is an integrated in-core fuel management tool for pressurized water reactors (PWRs) runs on UNIX workstations. The INSIGHT system provides various capabilities which contribute to reduce fuel cycle cost and workload of in-core fuel management tasks, i.e. core follow calculations, interactive loading pattern design, automated multicycle analysis and interface between detailed core calculation codes. To minimize engineers' workload, most of input data for analysis modules are automatically generated by the INSIGHT system through specification of calculation conditions in the graphic user interface. Recent enhancements of the INSIGHT system are mainly focused to improve efficiency of loading pattern optimization and flexibility of multicycle analyses. To increase optimization efficiency, a parallel calculation capability, various optimization theories, extension of heuristic rules, screening by neural networks and so on were incorporated in the loading pattern optimization module. The multicycle analyses module was rewritten to increase flexibility such as cycle dependent specification of loading pattern search methods and so on. The INSIGHT system is currently used by Japanese utilities not only for regular in-core fuel management tasks but also for strategic fuel management studies to reduce fuel cycle cost

Methods and techniques of nuclear in-core fuel management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jong, A.J. de.

1992-04-01

Review of methods of nuclear in-core fuel management (the minimal critical mass problem, minimal power peaking) and calculational techniques: reactorphysical calculations (point reactivity models, continuous refueling, empirical methods, depletion perturbation theory, nodal computer programs); optimization techniques (stochastic search, linear programming, heuristic parameter optimization). (orig./HP)

The verification of PWR-fuel code for PWR in-core fuel management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Surian Pinem; Tagor M Sembiring; Tukiran

2015-01-01

In-core fuel management for PWR is not easy because of the number of fuel assemblies in the core as much as 192 assemblies so many possibilities for placement of the fuel in the core. Configuration of fuel assemblies in the core must be precise and accurate so that the reactor operates safely and economically. It is necessary for verification of PWR-FUEL code that will be used in-core fuel management for PWR. PWR-FUEL code based on neutron transport theory and solved with the approach of multi-dimensional nodal diffusion method many groups and diffusion finite difference method (FDM). The goal is to check whether the program works fine, especially for the design and in-core fuel management for PWR. Verification is done with equilibrium core search model at three conditions that boron free, 1000 ppm boron concentration and critical boron concentration. The result of the average burn up fuel assemblies distribution and power distribution at BOC and EOC showed a consistent trend where the fuel with high power at BOC will produce a high burn up in the EOC. On the core without boron is obtained a high multiplication factor because absence of boron in the core and the effect of fission products on the core around 3.8 %. Reactivity effect at 1000 ppm boron solution of BOC and EOC is 6.44 % and 1.703 % respectively. Distribution neutron flux and power density using NODAL and FDM methods have the same result. The results show that the verification PWR-FUEL code work properly, especially for core design and in-core fuel management for PWR. (author)

Artrodese na coluna cervical utilizando SICAP como substituto de enxerto ósseo Artrodesis en la columna cervical utilizando SICAP como sustituto de injerto óseo Cervical spine fusion utilizing silicated calcium phosphate bone graft substitute (SICAP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliano Fratezi

2011-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Substitutos de enxerto ósseo autólogo foram desenvolvidos para evitar as complicações da retirada de enxerto ósseo autólogo. SiCaP (Actifuse, ApaTech EUA, Reino Unido é um enxerto ósseo composto de cálcio-fosfato com um substituição de silicato na estrutura química, com uma estrutura tridimensional que parece osso natural. MÉTODOS: 19 pacientes foram submetidos à fusão óssea cervical e analisados retrospectivamente. A avaliação radiográfica e avaliação clínica foram realizadas utilizando o questionário Neck Disability Index e a escala análoga da dor (VAS pré- e pós-operação. RESULTADOS: O período médio de acompanhamento pós-operatório foi de 14 meses ± 5 meses (7-30 meses. 11 pacientes foram submetidos à fusão via anterior; 5 pacientes via posterior e 3 pacientes via anterior e posterior. A revisão radiográfica mostrou 19/19 (100% de fusão óssea, nenhum caso apresentou subsidência, quebra ou soltura de material de implante ou movimento nos níveis fusionados. Nenhum exemplo de ossificação heterotópica ou de crescimento ósseo intracanal foi observado. Clinicamente, os escores médios do Neck Disability decresceram 13,3 pontos (media pré-op. de 34,5, pós-op. de 21,2, melhora de 39%, a média da VAS para dor cervical decresceu 2 pontos (2,7 pré-op para 0,7 pós-op.; melhora de 74,1%. Não foram observadas complicações como infecção, osteólise ou edema excessivo das partes moles. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados preliminares obtidos nesta série foram encorajadores com o uso do SICaP como enxerto ósseo, com sólida fusão óssea obtida em todos os casos e sem formação de ossificação heterotópica ou crescimento de osso intracanal. SIcaP demonstra ser um substituto confiável para o enxerto ósseo autólogo na coluna cervical.OBJETIVO: Sustitutos de injerto óseo autólogo fueron desarrollados para evitar las complicaciones de la recogida de injerto óseo autólogo. SiCaP (Actifuse, Apa

Vanadium Beta Emission Detectors for Reactor In-Core Neutron Monitoring

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andersson, I Oe; Soederlund, B

1969-06-15

In-core flux measurements are becoming increasingly important in both power reactors and test reactors. In particular power distribution measurements in large power reactors have to be performed with a great number of neutron detectors capable of withstanding high integrated flux values. This report presents a summary of the development and application of a new type of nuclear radiation sensor, a beta emission detector, for measurements at high neutron flux levels. The work has been carried out at the Section for Instrumentation and has been the basis for a type of neutron detector employed in the Marviken in-core system as well as for other types. The report describes the design and principle of operation, experiments and tests. Also included are the results and comments from a long-term irradiation of some detectors in the Halden reactor.

A new type of In-core sensor validation outline

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Figedy, S.

2006-01-01

In this a new type of in-core sensor validation method is outlined, which is based on combination of correlation coefficients and mutual information indices. First experience with this approach is described and further improvements to enhance the outcome reliability are proposed namely through computational intelligence techniques (Authors)

Computerized multiplexing and processing of in-core signals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meyer, J.

1982-09-01

After a presentation of the in-core instrumentation the main objectives of electric connection multiplexing are given. The conclusion of a study led to choose the multiplexing solution for the reactor building/electric building connections and to associate an information order management system based on the utilization of microprocessors. Finally, the control system (processors, organization, communication, language) is presented [fr

Qinshan NPP in-core fuel management improvement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kong Deping; Liao Zejun; Wu Xifeng; Wei Wenbin; Wang Yongming; Li Hua

2006-01-01

In the 10-year operation of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, the initial designed reloading strategy has been improved step by step based on the operation experiences and the advanced domestic and international fuel management methods. Higher burnup has been achieved and more economic operation gained through the loading pattern improvement and the fuel enrichment increased. The article introduces the in-core fuel management strategy improvement of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant in its 10-year operation. (authors)

Suco clarificado de maçã com Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei e oligofrutose ou sucralose : aspectos sensoriais e estabilidade físico-química, pre e probiótica em armazenamento refrigerado

OpenAIRE

Tatiana Colombo Pimentel

2014-01-01

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver um suco clarificado de maçã simbiótico, avaliando-se o efeito nas características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais da adição de Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei como probiótico, e/ou oligofrutose como substituto de açúcar e prebiótico, e determinando o impacto do tipo de embalagem nos parâmetros avaliados. A utilização de sucralose como substituto de açúcar também foi estudada. Sucos adicionados de cultura probiótica apresenta...

Otimização das condições de hidrolise acida do amido de mandioca para obtenção de substituto de gordura : Caracterização de hidrolisados e aplicação em bolos

OpenAIRE

Francy Magdalena Zambrano Sarmiento Console

1998-01-01

Resumo: Estudos internacionais têm demonstrado que existe relação entre os ataques cardíacos e o elevado consumo de gordura. Para reduzir estes riscos, têm sido utilizados substitutos de gordura a base de amido com características funcionais similares às da gordura e com menor valor caiórico. Neste estudo, foi avaliado, em dois ensaios, o efeito da hidrólise ácida do amido de mandioca nativo visando obter um produto com características de substituto de gordura para aplicação em bolos. No ensa...

In-core fuel element temperature and flow measurment of HFETR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Daolong; Jiang Pei

1988-02-01

The HFETR in-core fuel element temperature-flow measurement facility and its measurement system are expounded. The applications of the instrumented fuel element to stationary and transient states measurements during the lift of power, the operation test of all lifetime at first load, and the deepening burn-up test at second load are described. The method of determination of the hot point temperature under the fin is discussed. The error analysis is made. The fuel element out-of-pile water deprivation test is described. The development of this measurement facility and succesful application have made important contribution to high power and deep burn-up safe operation at two load, in-core fuel element irradiation, and varied investigation of HFETR. After operation at two loads, the integrated power of this instrumented fuel element arrives at 90.88 MWd, its maximum point burn-up is about 64.9%, so that the economy of fuel use of HFETR is raised very much

Hidrogel como substituto da irrigação complementar em viveiro telado de mudas de cafeeiro Hydrogel as a substitute for irrigation in screened seed nursery coffee

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia Angélica Alves Marques

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O cafeeiro, em sua fase inicial de mudas, requer um adequado suprimento de água, pois o estresse hídrico pode causar reduções no crescimento e subsequentemente na produção em campo. A hipótese deste trabalho foi que o uso do hidrogel como substituto da irrigação de mudas de café cv. 'Iapar 59' proporciona mudas de qualidade igual ou superior àquelas irrigadas. O experimento foi conduzido em viveiro telado (50% sombrite em Presidente Prudente - SP - de fevereiro a outubro de 2008. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (sem polímero e irrigado diariamente; 0,0; 1,0; 2,0 e 3,0g por saco de polietileno sem irrigação e 20 repetições. Realizaram-se seis avaliações periódicas: número de folhas (NF, matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA e raízes (MSR; comprimento da parte aérea (CPA e raízes (CR e MSPA/MSR. Para as condições do ensaio, o uso do hidrogel na dose de 2g por saco de polietileno proporcionou mudas de mesma qualidade que aquelas irrigadas. A relação MSPA/MSR foi superior para o tratamento irrigado.The coffee seedlings require an adequate water supply because the water stress can cause reductions in growth and subsequently in the production field. The hypothesis of this research was that the hydrogel used as a substitute for the irrigation of seedlings of 'Iapar 59' coffee provides quality equal or higher seedling irrigated. The experiment was conducted in a screened seed nursery (50 shading in Presidente Prudente city, São Paulo State, Brazil, since February to October 2008. The statistical design was completely randomized, with 5 treatments (without polymer and without irrigation; 0.0; 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0g of hydrogel per polythene bag without irrigation and 20 repetitions. We conducted six periodic evaluations: number of leaves (NF, dry matter of aerial part (MSPA and roots (MSR; length of aerial part (CPA and roots (CR and the MSPA/MSR. Under test conditions, the use of hydrogel

Formulation of detector response function to calculate the power density profiles using in-core neutron detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmed, S. A.; Peter, J. K.; Semmler, W.; Shultis, J. K.

2007-01-01

By measuring neutron fluxes at different locations throughout a core, it's possible to derive the power-density profile P k (W cm - 3), at an axial depth z of fuel rod k. Micro-pocket fission detectors (MPFD) have been fabricated to perform such in-core neutron flux measurements. The purpose of this study is to develop a mathematical model to obtain axial power density distributions in the fuel rods from the in-core responses of the MPFDs

State-of-the-art incore detector system provides operational and safety benefits: Example, Hanford N Reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Toffer, H.

1988-08-01

A presentation on the operational and safety benefits that can be derived from a state-of-the-art incore neutron monitoring system has been prepared for the DOE/ANL training course on ''The Potential Safety Impact of New and Emerging Technologies on the Operation of DOE Nuclear Facilities.'' Advanced incore neutron flux monitoring systems have been installed in some commercial reactors and should be considered for any new reactor designs or as backfits to existing plants. The recent installation of such a system at the Hanford N Reactor is used as an example in this presentation. Unfortunately, N Reactor has been placed in a cold standby condition and the full core incore system has not been tested under power conditions. Nevertheless, the evaluations that preceded the installation of the full core system provide interesting insight into the operational and safety benefits that could be expected

Special processor for in-core control systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Golovanov, M.N.; Duma, V.R.; Levin, G.L.; Mel'nikov, A.V.; Polikanin, A.V.; Filatov, V.P.

1978-01-01

The BUTs-20 special processor is discussed, designed to control the units of the in-core control equipment which are incorporated into the VECTOR communication channel, and to provide preliminary data processing prior to computer calculations. A set of instructions and flowsheet of the processor, organization of its communication with memories and other units of the system are given. The processor components: a control unit and an arithmetic logical unit are discussed. It is noted that the special processor permits more effective utilization of the computer time

Development of analytical code `ACCORD` for incore and plant dynamics of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Takeda, Takeshi; Tachibana, Yukio; Kunitomi, Kazuhiko [Japan Atomic Energy Research Inst., Tokai, Ibaraki (Japan). Tokai Research Establishment; Itakura, Hirofumi

1996-11-01

Safety demonstration test of the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor will be carried out to demonstrate excellent safety features of a next generation High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR). Analytical code for incore and plant dynamics is necessary to assess the results of the safety demonstration test and to perform a design and safety analysis of the next generation HTGR. Existing analytical code for incore and plant dynamics of the HTGR can analyze behavior of plant system for only several thousand seconds after an event occurrence. Simulator on site can analyze only behavior of specific plant system. The `ACCORD` code has been, therefore, developed to analyze the incore and plant dynamics of the HTGR. The followings are the major characteristics of this code. (1) Plant system can be analyzed for over several thousand seconds after an event occurrence by modeling the heat capacity of the core. (2) Incore and plant dynamics of any plant system can be analyzed by rearranging packages which simulate plant system components one by one. (3) Thermal hydraulics for each component can be analyzed by separating heat transfer calculation for component from fluid flow calculation for helium and pressurized water systems. The validity of the `ACCORD` code including models for nuclear calculation, heat transfer and fluid flow calculation, control system and safety protection system, was confirmed through cross checks with other available codes. (author)

Development of analytical code 'ACCORD' for incore and plant dynamics of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takeda, Takeshi; Tachibana, Yukio; Kunitomi, Kazuhiko; Itakura, Hirofumi.

1996-11-01

Safety demonstration test of the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor will be carried out to demonstrate excellent safety features of a next generation High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR). Analytical code for incore and plant dynamics is necessary to assess the results of the safety demonstration test and to perform a design and safety analysis of the next generation HTGR. Existing analytical code for incore and plant dynamics of the HTGR can analyze behavior of plant system for only several thousand seconds after an event occurrence. Simulator on site can analyze only behavior of specific plant system. The 'ACCORD' code has been, therefore, developed to analyze the incore and plant dynamics of the HTGR. The followings are the major characteristics of this code. (1) Plant system can be analyzed for over several thousand seconds after an event occurrence by modeling the heat capacity of the core. (2) Incore and plant dynamics of any plant system can be analyzed by rearranging packages which simulate plant system components one by one. (3) Thermal hydraulics for each component can be analyzed by separating heat transfer calculation for component from fluid flow calculation for helium and pressurized water systems. The validity of the 'ACCORD' code including models for nuclear calculation, heat transfer and fluid flow calculation, control system and safety protection system, was confirmed through cross checks with other available codes. (author)

Self-powered in-core neutron detector assembly with uniform perturbation characteristics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1981-01-01

An in-core neutron detector assembly consisting of a number of longitudinally extending self-powered detectors is described. The uniform mechanical structures and materials are placed symmetrically at each active detector portion thus ensuring that local perturbation factors are uniform. (U.K.)

Traversing incore probe device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoshioka, Michiko.

1985-01-01

Purpose: To measure the neutron flux distribution in the reactor core always at a high accuracy. Constitution: A nuclear fission ionizing chamber type detector is disposed at the end of a cable for sending a detection signal of a traversing incore probe device and, further, a gamma-ray ionizing chamber type detector is connected in adjacent therewith and a selection circuit for selecting both of the detection signals and inputting them to a display device is disposed. Then, compensation for the neutron monitors is conducted by the gamma-ray ionizing chamber type detector during normal operation in which control rods are not driven and the positioning is carried out by the nuclear fission ionizing chamber type detector. Furthermore, both of the compensation for the neutron detector and the positioning are carried out by the nuclear fission ionizing chamber type detector upon starting where the control rods are driven. (Sekiya, K.)

In-core fuel management via perturbation theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mingle, J.O.

1975-01-01

A two-step procedure is developed for the optimization of in-core nuclear fuel management using perturbation theory to predict the effects of various core configurations. The first procedure is a cycle cost minimization using linear programming with a zoned core and discrete burnup groups. The second program utilizes an individual fuel assembly shuffling sequence to minimize the maldistribution of power generation. This latter quantity is represented by a figure of merit or by an assembly power peaking factor. A pressurized water reactor example calculation is utilized. 24 references

Deposition of corrosion products in-core

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burrill, K.A.

1994-11-01

Data on corrosion product deposits on fuel sheaths are presented for a variety of operating conditions and water chemistries: boiling and non-boiling water; surface heat flux; pH, dissolved hydrogen concentration. Corrosion product behaviour in-core may be interpreted in terms of the solubility of magnetite and how it changes with water chemistry and temperature. A hypothesis of the deposition and release mechanisms was proposed in the 1970s in which particles deposited onto the sheath and subsequently dissolved in the heated water while being irradiated. Some of the deposition data may be interpreted using a model of these mechanisms. (author). 5 refs., 6 tabs., 8 figs

Milheto-grão (Pennisetum glaucum (L. R.Br. como substituto do milho em rações para poedeiras comerciais Pearl millet grain as corn substitute in laying hen rations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.B. Café

1999-04-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais alimentadas com milheto como substituto do milho em rações de postura. Duzentas poedeiras comerciais, da linhagem LSL Lohmann branca, com 30 semanas de idade, receberam rações com níveis crescentes de substituição da energia metabolizável fornecida pelo milho por milheto. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com cinco tratamentos, cinco repetições e 10 aves por repetição. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de postura, o consumo de ração, a conversão alimentar em termos de dúzias e de massa de ovos, o peso médio de ovos, a porcentagem de casca e de gema, e a porcentagem de clara. Não se observou diferença estatística significativa em todas as características. O índice de coloração de gema, pelo leque colorimétrico Roche, apresentou pior coloração à medida que os níveis de milheto foram crescentes nas rações. Os resultados indicam que o milheto não afetou o desempenho produtivo das aves, devendo-se recomendar o seu uso com pigmentantes sintéticos ou naturais.The production performance and egg quality of laying hens receiving increasing levels of pearl millet grain in rations were studied. Two hundred 30-week-old LSL Lohmann white hens, allotted in a completely randomized design with five treatments, five replicates with 10 hens, were fed with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of pearl millet grain in rations as corn substitute. The performance was evaluated by egg production, feed intake, feed conversion in terms of dozen eggs and egg mass, and egg quality measured as egg weight, shell, albumen and yolk porcentages. No differences among treatments were observed for all characteristics, but the yolk color index measured by the Roche fan indicated decreasing in yolk colour as the level of pearl millet increased. Pearl millet did not affect the production performance, and a synthetic or natural pigment should be included

Modular approach to LWR in-core fuel management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Urli, N.; Pevec, D.; Coffou, E.; Petrovic, B.

1980-01-01

The most important methods in the LWR in-core fuel management are reviewed. A modular approach and optimization by use of infinite multiplication factor and power form-factor are favoured. A computer program for rotation of fuel assemblies at reloads has been developed which improves further fuel economy and reliability of nuclear power plants. The program has been tested on the PWR core and showed to decrease the power form-factors and flatten the radial power distribution. (author)

In-core fuel management for the course on operational physics of power reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Levine, S.H.

1982-01-01

The heart of a nuclear power station is the reactor core producing power from the fissioning of uranium or plutonium fuel. Expertise in many different technical fields is required to provide fuel for continuous economical operation of a nuclear power plant. In general, these various technical disciplines can be dichotomized into ''Out-of-core'' and ''In-core'' fuel management. In-core fuel management is concerned, as the name implies, with the reactor core itself. It entails calculating the core reactivity, power distribution, and isotopic inventory for the first and subsequent cores of a nuclear power plant to maintain adequate safety margins and operating lifetime for each core. In addition, the selection of reloading schemes is made to minimize energy costs

Feasibility study of incore fission chamber application for neutron flux measurements on the NET blanket

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bertalot, L.

1987-01-01

A feasibility study has been carried out on the use of in-core fission chambers as neutron diagnostic tools to perform neutron flux measurements on the blanket component of NET. The high neutron and gamma fluxes and the severe thermal-mechanical and magnetic conditions of the blanket structure have been taken into account in this analysis. Preliminary design criteria and specifications of an in-core detector are presented for NET application. A research and development programme is outlined which aims to obtain more information on the tecnological constraints arising from the severe conditions of the NET blanket

Self powered neutron detectors as in-core detectors for Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Verma, V., E-mail: vasudha.verma@physics.uu.se [Division of Applied Nuclear Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala (Sweden); CEA, DEN, DER, Instrumentation Sensors and Dosimetry Laboratory, Cadarache, F-13108 St-Paul-lez-Durance (France); Barbot, L.; Filliatre, P. [CEA, DEN, DER, Instrumentation Sensors and Dosimetry Laboratory, Cadarache, F-13108 St-Paul-lez-Durance (France); Hellesen, C. [Division of Applied Nuclear Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala (Sweden); Jammes, C. [CEA, DEN, DER, Instrumentation Sensors and Dosimetry Laboratory, Cadarache, F-13108 St-Paul-lez-Durance (France); Svärd, S. Jacobsson [Division of Applied Nuclear Physics, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala (Sweden)

2017-07-11

Neutron flux monitoring system forms an integral part of the design of a Generation IV sodium cooled fast reactor. Diverse possibilities of detector system installation must be studied for various locations in the reactor vessel in order to detect any perturbations in the core. Results from a previous paper indicated that it is possible to detect changes in neutron source distribution initiated by an inadvertent withdrawal of outer control rod with in-vessel fission chambers located azimuthally around the core. It is, however, not possible to follow inner control rod withdrawal and precisely know the location of the perturbation in the core. Hence the use of complimentary in-core detectors coupled with the peripheral fission chambers is proposed to enable robust core monitoring across the radial direction. In this paper, we assess the feasibility of using self-powered neutron detectors (SPNDs) as in-core detectors in fast reactors for detecting local changes in the power distribution when the reactor is operated at nominal power. We study the neutron and gamma contributions to the total output current of the detector modelled with Platinum as the emitter material. It is shown that this SPND placed in an SFR-like environment would give a sufficiently measurable prompt neutron induced current of the order of 600 nA/m. The corresponding induced current in the connecting cable is two orders of magnitude lower and can be neglected. This means that the SPND can follow in-core power fluctuations. This validates the operability of an SPND in an SFR-like environment. - Highlights: • Studied possibility of using SPNDs as in-core detectors in SFRs. • Study done to detect local power profile changes when reactor is at nominal power. • SPND with a Pt-emitter gives measurable prompt current of the order of 600 nA/m. • Dominant proportion of prompt response is maintained throughout the operation. • Detector signal gives dynamic information on the power fluctuations.

Fast measurements of the in-core coolant velocity in a BWR by neutron noise analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hagen, T.H.J.J. van der; Hoogenboom, J.E.

1988-01-01

A method to determine in-core coolant velocities from neutron noise within short time intervals has been developed. The accuracy of the method was determined by using a simulation set-up and by using signals of a twin self-powered neutron detector installed in the core of the Dodewaard BWR in the Netherlands. In-core coolant velocities can be estimated within 2.5 s with a standard deviation (due to statistics) less than 2.1%. The method is suitable for velocity monitoring as is shown by the application to a stepwise velocity change of the coolant in a model of a coolant channel of a BWR. The presented technique was applied to determine the variations of the coolant velocity in the Dodewaard core during normal operation and during pressure steps. Only minor variations of the coolant velocity were detected during normal reactor conditions. An increase of those variations with pressure lowering - indicating a lower thermal hydraulic stability - could be detected. A clear velocity response to pressure steps could be determined which was also reflected in the cross-spectrum of the velocity with the vessel pressure and with the in-core neutron flux. (author)

Potencialidades da metacaolinita e do tijolo queimado moído como substitutos parciais do cimento Portland Potentialities of metakaolin and crushed waste calcined clay brick as partial replacement of Portland cement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João de Farias Filho

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Avalia-se, neste trabalho, a potencialidade do uso da metacaolinita e dos resíduos de produção de tijolos cerâmicos queimados finamente moídos, como substitutos parciais do cimento Portland. Os materiais foram caracterizados física, química e mineralogicamente, além de determinado o índice de atividade pozolânica com cimento Portland. A evolução da resistência a compressão e a flexão das argamassas foi avaliada até as idades de, respectivamente, 365 e 208 dias. As porcentagens de substituição do cimento Portland, em peso, pelos materiais pozolânicos, variaram de 20 a 50%, enquanto o fator água/cimento variou de 0,37 a 0,45. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a metacaolinita e o tijolo moído queimado possuem elevada atividade pozolânica e que a resistência a compressão, aos 28 dias, das argamassas mistas, foi superior à das argamassas de cimento Portland para os níveis de substituição e fatores água/cimento estudados. Um modelo matemático para predição da resistência à compressão das argamassas mistas é proposto com base em um desenho fatorial de experimentos.This paper evaluates the potentiality of metakaolin and crushed waste fired clay brick as cement replacement materials. They were characterised physically, chemically and mineralogically and their activity with Portland cement determined. The influence of the partial replacement of Portland cement on the development of compressive and flexural strength was evaluated until the age of, respectively, 365 and 208 days. The percentage of cement replacement, in weight, ranged from 20 to 50%, whereas the water/cement ratio ranged from 0.37 to 0.45. The results obtained show that the metakaolin and crushed calcined clay brick presented a good pozolanic activity and that the compressive strength of the blended mortars after 28 days of cure was higher than that observed for the reference Portland cement for all levels of cement replacement and water/cement ratio. A

Fisics-Incor bovine pericardial bioprostheses: 15 year results.

Science.gov (United States)

Pomerantzeff, P M; Brandao, C M; Cauduro, P; Puig, L B; Grinberg, M; Tarasoutchi, F; Cardoso, L F; Lerner, A; Stolf, N A; Verginelli, G; Jatene, A D

1998-01-01

From March 1982 to December 1995, 2,607 Fisics-Incor bovine pericardial bioprostheses were implanted in 2,259 patients. Mean age was 47.2 +/- 17.5 years, and 55% were male. Rheumatic fever was present in 1,301 (45.7%) patients. One thousand and seventy-three aortic valve replacements, 1,085 mitral replacements, 27 tricuspid replacements, 195 mitral-aortic replacements, and 16 other combined valve replacements were carried out. Combined procedures were performed in 788 (32.9%) patients, the most frequent being tricuspid valve repair (9.2%) and coronary artery bypass grafting (7.7%). Hospital mortality was 8.6% (194 patients), 8.6% for the mitral group, 4.7% for the aortic group, and 12.8% for double-valve replacements. The linear rates for calcification, thromboembolism, rupture, leak and endocarditis were, respectively, 1.1%, 0.2%, 0.9%, 0.1% and 0.5% patient-year. The actuarial survival curve was 56.7 +/- 5.4% in 15 years. Survival free from endocarditis was 91.92%, survival free from thromboembolism was 95 +/- 1.7%, survival free from rupture was 43.7 +/- 9.8%, survival free from leak was 98.9 +/- 4.5%, and survival free from calcification was 48.8 +/- 7.9% in 15 years. In the late postoperative period, 1,614 (80.6%) patients were in New York Heart Association functional Class I. We conclude that the results with the Fisics-Incor bovine pericardial prostheses were satisfactory in our group of patients.

PEARL MILLET AS SUBSTITUTE OF CORN IN FEEDING TO DAIRY GOATS UTILIZAÇÃO DO MILHETO COMO SUBSTITUTO DO MILHO EM RAÇÕES PARA CABRAS LEITEIRAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aldi Fernandes de Souza França

2007-09-01

objetivo de avaliar a utilização do milheto, sob a forma de grãos com panícula, como substituto do milho em rações para cabras leiteiras. Dezesseis cabras foram distribuídas em um delineamento em quadrado latino e submetidas a quatro tratamentos que constavam da substituição do milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo (MDPS pelo milheto em rações, onde foi medida a produção de leite em duas ordenhas diárias. Os níveis de substituição utilizados foram: 0%, 25%, 50% e 75% de MDPS por milheto (tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos em termos de médias de produção de litros de leite por cabra /por dia foram: T1 = 4,47; T2 = 4,62; T3 = 4,91 e T4 = 4,77. Não se observou diferença significativa pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Milheto; cabras leiteiras; ração.

Logic based feature detection on incore neutron spectra

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bende-Farkas, S.; Kiss, S.; Racz, A.

1992-09-01

A methodology is proposed to investigate neutron spectra in such a way which is similar to human thinking. The goal was to save experts from tedious, mechanical tasks of browsing a large amount of signals in order to recognize changes in the underlying mechanisms. The general framework for detecting features of incore neutron spectra with a rulebased methodology is presented. As an example, the meaningful peaks in the APSDs are determined. This method is a part of a wider project to develop a noise diagnostic expert system. (R.P.) 6 refs.; 6 figs.; 1 tab

Irradiation performance of 9--12 Cr ferritic/martensitic stainless steels and their potential for in-core application in LWRs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jones, R.H.; Gelles, D.S.

1993-08-01

Ferritic-martensitic stainless steels exhibit radiation stability and stress corrosion resistance that make them attractive replacement materials for austenitic stainless steels for in-core applications. Recent radiation studies have demonstrated that 9% Cr ferritic/martensitic stainless steel had less than a 30C shift in ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) following irradiation at 365C to a dose of 14 dpa. These steels also exhibit very low swelling rates, a result of the microstructural stability of these alloys during radiation. The 9 to 12% Cr alloys to also exhibit excellent corrosion and stress corrosion resistance in out-of-core applications. Demonstration of the applicability of ferritic/martensitic stainless steels for in-core LWR application will require verification of the irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking behavior, measurement of DBTT following irradiation at 288C, and corrosion rates measurements for in-core water chemistry

ALERGIA AO LEITE DE VACA E POSSÍVEIS SUBTITUTOS DIETÉTICOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deisy A. Drunkler

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A alergia ao leite de vaca acomete cerca de 2 a 3% da população infantil com idade inferior a três anos e, atualmente, é a mais comum dentre as alergias alimentares. O alimento substituto deve apresentar alta qualidade nutricional e adequada às necessidades do indivíduo, assim como, apresentar pouca ou nenhuma reatividade cruzada com as proteínas do leite de vaca. Os estudos já realizados investigaram o efeito de diferentes substitutos alimentícios. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão sobre as questões relacionadas com a alergia às proteínas do leite de vaca quanto principais alérgenos envolvidos e sintomatologia, efeito dos tratamentos tecnológicos tradicionais da indústria láctea sobre a alergenicidade ao leite de vaca e os substitutos dietéticos mais empregados nestes casos.

Advanced in-core monitoring system for high-power reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mitin, V.I.; Alekseev, A.N.; Golovanov, M.N.; Zorin, A.V.; Kalinushkin, A.E.; Kovel, A.I.; Milto, N.V.; Musikhin, A.M.; Tikhonova, N.V.; Filatov, V.P.

2006-01-01

This paper encompasses such section as objective, conception and engineering solution for construction of advanced in-core instrumentation system for high power reactor, including WWER-1000. The ICIS main task is known to be an on-line monitoring of power distribution and functionals independently of design programs to avoid a common cause error. This paper shows in what way the recovery of power distribution has been carried out using the signals from in-core neutron detectors or temperature sensors. On the basis of both measured and processed data, the signals of preventive and emergency protection on local parameters (linear power of the maximum intensive fuel rods, departure from nucleate boiling ratio peaking factor) have been automatically generated. The paper presents a detection technology and processing methods for signals from SPNDs and TCs, ICIS composition and structure, computer hardware, system and applied software. Structure, composition and the taken decisions allow combining class IE and class B and C tasks in accordance with international standards of separation and safety category realization. Nowadays, ICIS-M is a system that is capable to ensure: monitoring, safety, information display and diagnostics function, which allow securing actual increase of quality, reliability and safety in operation of nuclear fuel and power units. Meanwhile, it reduce negative influence of human factor on thermal technical reliability in the operational process (Authors)

Self powered neutron detectors as in-core detectors for Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors

Science.gov (United States)

Verma, V.; Barbot, L.; Filliatre, P.; Hellesen, C.; Jammes, C.; Svärd, S. Jacobsson

2017-07-01

Neutron flux monitoring system forms an integral part of the design of a Generation IV sodium cooled fast reactor. Diverse possibilities of detector system installation must be studied for various locations in the reactor vessel in order to detect any perturbations in the core. Results from a previous paper indicated that it is possible to detect changes in neutron source distribution initiated by an inadvertent withdrawal of outer control rod with in-vessel fission chambers located azimuthally around the core. It is, however, not possible to follow inner control rod withdrawal and precisely know the location of the perturbation in the core. Hence the use of complimentary in-core detectors coupled with the peripheral fission chambers is proposed to enable robust core monitoring across the radial direction. In this paper, we assess the feasibility of using self-powered neutron detectors (SPNDs) as in-core detectors in fast reactors for detecting local changes in the power distribution when the reactor is operated at nominal power. We study the neutron and gamma contributions to the total output current of the detector modelled with Platinum as the emitter material. It is shown that this SPND placed in an SFR-like environment would give a sufficiently measurable prompt neutron induced current of the order of 600 nA/m. The corresponding induced current in the connecting cable is two orders of magnitude lower and can be neglected. This means that the SPND can follow in-core power fluctuations. This validates the operability of an SPND in an SFR-like environment.

Characteristic statistic algorithm (CSA) for in-core loading pattern optimization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Zhihong; Hu Yongming; Shi Gong

2007-01-01

To solve the problem of PWR in-core loading pattern optimization, a more suitable global optimization algorithm, i.e., Characteristic statistic algorithm (CSA), is used. The searching process of this algorithm and how to apply it to this problem are presented. Loading pattern optimization code SCYCLE is developed. Two different problems on real PWR models are calculated and the results are compared with other algorithms. It is shown that SCYCLE has high efficiency and good global performance on this problem. (authors)

Feasibility Study of Silver as Emitter of In-core Neutron Detector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kong, Chi Dong; Lee, Hyun Suk [UNIST, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of); Shin, Ho Cheol; Cha, Kyoon Ho [Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Corporation, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Deok Jung [UNIST, Ulsan (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

The rhodium SPND(rhodium self-powered neutron detectors) provides strong detector signals so that they can be easily detected, but there is an issue the rhodium emitter needs to be replaced frequently because of its fast depletion. As an alternative, the vanadium SPND was designed and evaluated by Lee et al., but it also has an issue the detector signal level is too low. In this work, another material, silver, was introduced as emitter material of in-core detectors because its neutron absorption cross section is bigger than that of vanadium and smaller than rhodium. The feasibility of silver was investigated in comparison with the rhodium and vanadium detectors. The SPND model was designed using a Monte Carlo code MCNP6 and ORIGEN-S in SCALE code package. A silver self-powered neutron detector (SPND) was introduced in this paper, and the feasibility of silver as an emitter material of in-core detectors was investigated. The comparisons with rhodium and vanadium emitters demonstrate that silver has 0.78 years longer lifetime than rhodium and 10 times stronger signal than vanadium. Since a cycle length is generally 1.5 years, silver can be used for three cycles whereas rhodium should be replaced after two cycles.

In-core fuel management: New challenges

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kolmayer, A.; Vallee, A.; Mondot, J.

1992-01-01

Experience accumulated by pressurized water reactor (PWR) utilities allows them to improve their strategies in the use of eventual margins to core design limits. They are used for nuclear steam supply system (NSSS) power upgrading, to improve operating margins, or to adapt fuel management to specific objectives. As a result, in-core fuel management strategies have become very diverse: UO 2 or mixed-oxide loading, out-in or in-out fuel loading patterns, extended or annual cycle lengths with margins on design limits such as moderator temperature coefficients, boron concentrations, or peaking factors. Perspectives also appear concerning use of existing plutonium stocks or actinide incineration. Burnable poisons are most often needed to satisfactorily achieve these goals. Among them, gadolinia are now largely used, owing to their excellent performance. More than 24 Framatome first cores and reloads, representing more than 3000 gadolinia-bearing rods, have been irradiated since 1983

Fixed type incore measuring device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oda, Naotaka; Ito, Hitoshi; Maeda, Hiroyuki

1998-01-01

The present invention concerns a measuring device using gamma thermometers to be used in a BWR type reactor. An input switch is inserted to the vicinity of a detection signal input portion of a signal cable connecting GT with the detection signal input portion of a fixed type incore measuring device, and a loop resistance measuring means is disposed to the input switch on the side of the GT by way of a measurement switch. Upon measuring loop resistance, the GT measuring circuit is switched from the detection signal input portion to the loop resistance measuring means by a switching operation of the input switch and the measurement switch thereby enabling to confirm the value of the loop resistance. In addition, the lowering of the voltage in the loop resistance is compensated to confirm the accurate measurement values to be used thereby enabling to measure GT detection signals accurately. A diagnosing means for diagnosing the state of GT based on the results of the measurement for the loop resistance is disposed, and the results are reported to an operator. (N.H.)

Heat resistant/radiation resistant cable and incore structure test device for FBR type reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanimoto, Hajime; Shiono, Takeo; Sato, Yoshimi; Ito, Kazumi; Sudo, Shigeaki; Saito, Shin-ichi; Mitsui, Hisayasu.

1995-01-01

A heat resistant/radiation resistant coaxial cable of the present invention comprises an insulation layer, an outer conductor and a protection cover in this order on an inner conductor, in which the insulation layer comprises thermoplastic polyimide. In the same manner, a heat resistant/radiation resistant power cable has an insulation layer comprising thermoplastic polyimide on a conductor, and is provided with a protection cover comprising braid of alamide fibers at the outer circumference of the insulation layer. An incore structure test device for an FBR type reactor comprises the heat resistant/radiation resistant coaxial cable and/or the power cable. The thermoplastic polyimide can be extrusion molded, and has excellent radiation resistant by the extrusion, as well as has high dielectric withstand voltage, good flexibility and electric characteristics at high temperature. The incore structure test device for the FBR type reactor of the present invention comprising such a cable has excellent reliability and durability. (T.M.)

Development and research of in-core transducers at IAE (Institute of Atomic Energy)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Yucai; Qian Shunfa; Jia Guozhen

1989-10-01

The development of in-core transducers at IAE (Institute of Atomic Energy) and their applications in in-pile fuel assembly test are mentioned. These transducers include mainly tubed tungsten-rhenium thermocouple assembly, displacement transducer of linear variable differential transformer, pressure transducer of membrane type, gamma thermometer, turbine flow meter, self-powered neutron detector etc

Refractory metal component technology for in-core sensor design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cannon, C.P.

1986-02-01

Within recent years, an increasing concern over reactor safety has prompted tests that characterize reactor core environments during transient conditions. Such tests include the Loss-of-Fluid-Tests (Idaho National Engineering Lab (INEL)), Severe Fuel Damage Tests (INEL), Core Debris Rubble Tests (Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)), and similar tests performed by foreign nations. The in-core sensors for these tests require refractory metal components to be compatible with electrical insulator materials as well as materials comprising highly corrosive service mediums. This paper presents the refractory metal technology utilized to provide basic sensor designs in the above mentioned reactor tests

Development of in-core measurements in the reactor KS-150

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rana, S.B.

1977-01-01

Mapping of the neutron flux density distribution and of the neutron fluence distribution in the KS-150 reactor core was carried out using an in-core measuring system. The system allows the in-service monitoring of important operating properties of the reactor core and fuel elements and consists of a mapping fuel element assembly with built-in SPN detectors, of transmission paths and a computer facility. The measurement of the neutron flux, neutron fluence and temperature fields in the reactor core was carried out during the power start-up of the reactor using self-powered DPZ-1 detectors. The obtained data are given and the axial distribution of neutron flux is graphically represented for different values of burnup at the same configuration of regulating rods, as is the axial distribution of neutron fluence for different configurations of the regulating rods during operation, and the in-service neutron fluence distribution. The maximal fuel temperature of 500.2 degC was found at a distance of 291.2 cm from the upper boundary of the reactor core, at a neutron flux of 1.46x10 14 n/cm 2 s. In comparison with other methods, this method proved easy and quick, the results reliable, reactivity perturbance negligible and the fuel element cost increase a negligible 4%. Neutron flux mapping using in-core self-powered detectors will be performed on a wider scale. (J.P./J.O.)

Translator from the symbol coding language for the BUTs-20 processor of the in-core reactor control system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vorob'ev, D.M.; Golovanov, M.N.; Levin, G.L.; Parfenova, T.K.; Filatov, V.P.

1978-01-01

A symbolic-language code translator is described; it has been developed for automation of making up programs for in-core control systems. The translator is written in the ASSEMBLER language which is included in the software of the M-6000 computer. Two scannings of the source program are required for making up the operating program in the internal language of the BUTs-2O processor. The flowsheet and listing of the interrogation program of an analog-to-digital converter are presented. It is emphasized that the translator proposed allows a time reduction for constructing programs for the in-core control systems by a factor of 10-15 and an improvement of their quality

78 FR 56174 - In-Core Thermocouples at Different Elevations and Radial Positions in Reactor Core

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-12

... 52 [Docket No. PRM-50-105; NRC-2012-0056] In-Core Thermocouples at Different Elevations and Radial Positions in Reactor Core AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Petition for rulemaking; denial...-core thermocouples at different elevations and radial positions throughout the reactor core to enable...

In-core materials testing under LWR conditions in the Halden reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bennett, P.J.; Hauso, E.; Hoegberg, N.W.; Karlsen, T.M.; McGrath, M.A.

2002-01-01

The Halden boiling water reactor (HBWR) has been in operation since 1958. It is a test reactor with a maximum power of 18 MW and is cooled and moderated by boiling heavy water, with a normal operating temperature of 230 C and a pressure of 34 bar. In the past 15 years increasing emphasis has been placed on materials testing, both of in-core structural materials and fuel claddings. These tests require representative light water reactor (LWR) conditions, which are achieved by housing the test rigs in pressure flasks that are positioned in fuel channels in the reactor and connected to dedicated water loops, in which boiling water reactor (BWR) or pressurised water reactor (PWR) conditions are simulated. Understanding of the in-core behaviour of fuel or reactor materials can be greatly improved by on-line measurements during power operation. The Halden Project has performed in-pile measurements for a period of over 35 years, beginning with fuel temperature measurements using thermocouples and use of differential transformers for measurement of fuel pellet or cladding dimensional changes and internal rod pressure. Experience gained over this period has been applied to on-line instrumentation for use in materials tests. This paper gives details of the systems used at Halden for materials testing under LWR conditions. The techniques used to provide on-line data are described and illustrative results are presented. (authors)

In-core materials testing under LWR conditions in the Halden reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bennett, P.J.; Hauso, E.; Hoegberg, N.W.; Karlsen, T.M.; McGrath, M.A. [OECD Halden Reactor Project (Norway)

2002-07-01

The Halden boiling water reactor (HBWR) has been in operation since 1958. It is a test reactor with a maximum power of 18 MW and is cooled and moderated by boiling heavy water, with a normal operating temperature of 230 C and a pressure of 34 bar. In the past 15 years increasing emphasis has been placed on materials testing, both of in-core structural materials and fuel claddings. These tests require representative light water reactor (LWR) conditions, which are achieved by housing the test rigs in pressure flasks that are positioned in fuel channels in the reactor and connected to dedicated water loops, in which boiling water reactor (BWR) or pressurised water reactor (PWR) conditions are simulated. Understanding of the in-core behaviour of fuel or reactor materials can be greatly improved by on-line measurements during power operation. The Halden Project has performed in-pile measurements for a period of over 35 years, beginning with fuel temperature measurements using thermocouples and use of differential transformers for measurement of fuel pellet or cladding dimensional changes and internal rod pressure. Experience gained over this period has been applied to on-line instrumentation for use in materials tests. This paper gives details of the systems used at Halden for materials testing under LWR conditions. The techniques used to provide on-line data are described and illustrative results are presented. (authors)

Self-powered in-core neutron detector assembly with uniform perturbation characteristics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Todt, W.H.; Playfoot, K.C.

1979-01-01

Disclosed is a self-powered in-core neutron detector assembly in which a plurality of longitudinally extending self-powered detectors have neutron responsive active portions spaced along a longitudinal path. A low neutron absorptive extension extends from the active portions of the spaced active portions of the detectors in symmetrical longitudinal relationship with the spaced active detector portions of each succeeding detector. The detector extension terminates with the detector assembly to provide a uniform perturbation characteristic over the entire assembly length

On the problem of in-core fuel management in power reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marinkovic, N.; Matausek, M.V.

1985-01-01

Within the scope of in-core fuel management including refuelling schedule and reactivity control it is indispensable to define nuclear fuel worth, optimal depletion of the spent fuel assemblies as well as isotopic composition of the spent fuel. This paper shows the computed values of the mentioned parameters in case of different reactor types, PWR, WWER, HWR and BWR of 1000 MWe as well as the intensity of radiation of the spent fuel 3 and 1 years after fission.(author)

Refurbishment of Cirus in-core components

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhatnagar, A.; Sahu, A.K.; Rathore, K.K.; Subudhi, D.; Kharpate, A.V.; Tikku, A.C.

2006-01-01

Circus is a 40- MWt vertical tank type research reactor with natural uranium as fuel, demineralised light water as coolant, heavy water as moderator and graphite as reflector. The reactor was commissioned in the year 1960 and operated at an overage availability factor of over 70% till early nineties, when various systems, structures and components (SSCs) started showing signs of ageing. Detailed ageing studies were therefore carried out to assess the condition of various SSCs and refurbishing requirements were finalized towards extending the life of the reactor. In-core components, being non-replaceable generally, were critically examined to the extent possible. Detailed visual examination of a few reactor vessel (RV) tubes, made of aluminium, was carried out using micro video camera and in addition all the RV tubes were inspected using eddy current testing method. RV shell, also made of aluminium, was similarly visually inspected with micro video camera. To assess the effect of irradiation on the RV material, samples of similar tubes irradiated to comparable neutron fluence were tested. Towards assessment of fatigue life of RV expansion joint, made of aluminium, a finite element analysis using NISA computer code was performed. Theoretical assessment for stored Wigner energy in graphite reflector was carried out. Graphite block samples were also removed from the reactor and stored energy levels were measured to plan for any in-situ graphite annealing, if required. Visual inspection of approachable portions of steel and aluminium thermal shields was also carried out. These water-cooled thermal shields provided above and below the RV were hydro tested. The weld joint between coolant inlet pipe and top plate of upper aluminium shield showed minor leakage. A special metallic hollow plug was developed and remotely installed in the leaky pipe to isolate the leaky portion while maintaining the coolant flow in the pipe. Helium leak was found from flange joints located on

A higher order depletion perturbation theory with application to in-core fuel management optimization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kropaczek, D.J.; Turinsky, P.J.

1990-01-01

Perturbation techniques utilized in reactor analysis have recently been applied in the solution of the in-core nuclear fuel management optimization problem. The use of such methods is motivated by the need to evaluate many times over, the core physics characteristics of loading pattern solutions obtained through an optimization process, which is typically iterative. Perturbation theory provides an efficient alternative to the prohibitively expensive, repetitive solutions of the system few-group neutron diffusion equations required in solving the fuel placement problem. A primary concern in the use of such methods is the control of perturbation errors arising during the fuel shuffling process. First-order accurate models inevitably resort to undue restriction of fuel movement during the optimization process to control these errors. Higher order perturbation theory models have the potential to overcome such limitations, which may result in the identification of local versus global optima. An accurate, computationally efficient reactor physics model based on higher order perturbation theory and geared toward the needs of large-scale in-core fuel management optimization is presented in this paper

Nuclear Characteristics of SPNDs and Preliminary Calculation of Hybrid Fixed Incore Detector with Monte Carlo Code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koo, Bon Seung; Lee, Kyung Hoon; Song, Jae Seung; Park, Sang Yoon

2013-01-01

In this paper, the basic nuclear characteristics of major emitter materials were surveyed. In addition, preliminary calculations of Cobalt-Vanadium fixed incore detector were performed using the Monte Carlo code. Calculational results were cross-checked by KARMA. KARMA is a two-dimensional multigroup transport theory code developed by the KAERI and approved by Korean regularity agency to be employed as a nuclear design tool for a Korean commercial pressurizer water reactor. The nuclear characteristics of the major emitter materials were surveyed, and preliminary calculations of the hybrid fixed incore detector were performed with the MCNP code. The eigenvalue and pin-by-pin fission power distributions were calculated and showed good agreement with the KARMA calculation results. As future work, gamma power distributions as well as several types of XS of the emitter, insulator, and collector regions for a Co-V ICI assembly will be evaluated and compared

Results and interpretation of noise measurements using in-core self powered neutron detector strings at Unit 2 of the Paks Nuclear Power Plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gloeckler, O.; Por, G.; Valko, J.

1986-11-01

In-core neutron noise and fuel assembly outlet temperature noise measurements were performed at Unit 2 of Paks Nuclear Power Plant. Characteristics of the reactor and the noise measuring equipment are briefly described. The in-core Rhodium emitter selfpowered neutron detector strings positioned axially above the other show high coherence and linear phase at low frequencies indicating a marked transport effect, not regularly measured in PWRs. The coherence between horizontally placed neutron detectors is small and the phase is zero. A transport effect of different nature is obtained between neutron detectors (in-core and ex-core) and fuel assembly outlet thermocouples. The observed characteristics depend on reactor and fuel assembly power in a way supporting interpretation in terms of coolant density and void content changes and power feedback effects. During routine analysis vibration of 1.1 Hz appeared as a strong peak in the power spectra. The control assembly that was responsible for the observed behaviour could be localized with high certainty. (author)

Understanding susceptibility of in-core components to irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chung, H.M.; Ruther, W.E.; Sanecki, J.E.; Kassner, T.F.

1991-03-01

As nuclear plants age and accumulated fluences of core structural components increase, susceptibility of the components to irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) is also expected to increase. Irradiation-induced sensitization, commonly associated with an IASCC failure, was investigated in this study to provide a better understanding of long-term structural integrity of safety-significant in-core components. Irradiation-induced sensitization of high- and commercial-purity Type 304 stainless steels irradiated in BWRs was analyzed. 7 refs., 8 figs

Application of AC servo motor on the in-core neutron flux instrumentation system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Du Xiaoguang; Wang Mingtao

2010-01-01

The application of ac servo motor in the In-Core Neutron Flux Instrumentation System is described. The hardware component of ac servo motor control system is different from the dc motor control system. The effect of two control system on the instrumentation system is compared. The ac servo motor control system can improve the accuracy of the motion control, optimize the speed control and increase the reliability. (authors)

Measurement of two-phase flow variables in a BWR by analysis of in-core neutron detector noise signals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stekelenburg, A.J.C.; Hagen, T.H.J.J. van der

1996-01-01

In this paper, the state of the art of the measurement of two-phase flow variables in a boiling water reactor (BWR) by analysis of in-core neutron detector noise signals is given. It is concluded that the neutronic processes involved in neutron noise are quite well understood, but that little is known about the density fluctuations in two-phase flow which are the main cause of the neutron noise. For this reason, the neutron noise measurements, like the well known two-detector velocity measurements, are still difficult to interpret. By analyzing neutron noise measurements in a natural circulation cooled BWR, it is illustrated that, once a theory on the density fluctuations is developed, two-phase flow can be monitored with a single in-core detector. (author). 70 refs, 4 figs

Effect of blanching time on selective mineral elements extraction from the spinach substitute (Tetragonia expansa commonly used in Brazil Efeito do tempo de branqueamento na extração seletiva de elementos minerais do substituto de espinafre (Tetragonia expansa comumente empregado no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciane M. Kawashima

2005-09-01

empregados. As frações solúveis de magnésio, manganês, potássio, e sódio, aumentaram consideravelmente com o menor tempo de branqueamento. Um período mais prolongado de branqueamento (15 minutos causou perdas sensíveis de minerais. As frações solúveis dos minerais podem ter pequena contribuição para a dieta em termos de potássio, magnésio, manganês, e zinco. O substituto de espinafre não pode ser considerado como uma fonte de cálcio, ferro e cobre para a dieta devido à insolubilidade destes minerais no vegetal, possivelmente causada pelo elevado teor de oxalato.

ETRR-2 in-core fuel management strategy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khalil, M.Y.; Amin, Esmat; Belal, M.G.

2005-01-01

The Egypt second research reactor has many irradiation channels, beam tubes and irradiation boxes, inside and outside the reactor core. The core reload configuration has great effect on the core performance and fluxes in the irradiation channels. This paper deals with the design and safety analysis that were performed for the determination of ETRR2 in-core fuel management strategy which fulfills neutronic design criteria, safety reactor operation, utility optimization and achieve the overall fuel management criteria. The core is divided into 8 zones, in order to obtain the minimum and adjacent fuel movement scheme that is recommended from the operational point of view. Then a search for the initial core using backward iteration, one get different initial cores, one initial core would assume the equilibrium core after 250 full power days of operation, while the other assumes equilibrium after 199 full power days, and shows a better performance of power peaking factor. (author)

Rice husk derived waste materials as partial cement replacement in lightweight concrete Utilização de resíduos derivados da casca de arroz como substitutos parciais do cimento no concreto leve

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Celso Yoji Kawabata

2012-10-01

Full Text Available In this study rice husk ash (RHA and broiler bed ash from rice husk (BBA, two agricultural waste materials, have been assessed for use as partial cement replacement materials for application in lightweight concrete. Physical and chemical characteristics of RHA and BBA were first analyzed. Three similar types of lightweight concrete were produced, a control type in which the binder was just CEMI cement (CTL and two other types with 10% cement replacement with, respectively, RHA and BBA. All types of similar lightweight concrete were prepared to present the same workability by adjusting the amount of superplasticizer. Properties of concrete investigated were compressive and flexural strength at different ages, absorption by capillarity, resistivity and resistance to chloride ion penetration (CTH method and accelerated carbonation. Test results obtained for 10% cement replacement level in lightweight concrete indicate that although the addition of BBA conducted to lower performance in terms of the degradation indicative tests, RHA led to the enhancement of mechanical properties, especially early strength and also fast ageing related results, further contributing to sustainable construction with energy saver lightweight concrete.Neste trabalho, cinzas de casca de arroz (RHA e cinzas de cama de frango (BBA, dois resíduos agrícolas, foram avaliadas para uso como substitutos parciais do cimento para produção de concreto leve. Características físicas e químicas de RHA e BBA foram analisadas. Três tipos semelhantes de concreto leve foram produzidos, um controle em que o ligante era totalmente cimento CEM I (CTL e dois outros tipos de concreto, com substituição de 10% com RHA e BBA, respectivamente. Todos os tipos de concreto leve foram feitos através do ajuste da quantidade de superplastificante para apresentarem a mesma trabalhabilidade. Propriedades de concreto investigados foram resistência à compressão e à flexão em diferentes idades

Computer programs for the in-core fuel management of power reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1981-08-01

This document gives a survey of the presently tested and used computer programs applicable to the in-core fuel management of light and heavy water moderated nuclear power reactors. Each computer program is described (provided that enough information was supplied) such that the nature of the physical problem solved and the basic mathematical or calculational approach are evident. In addition, further information regarding computer requirements, up-to-date applications and experiences and specific details concerning implementation, staff requirements, etc., are provided. Program procurement conditions, possible program implementation assistance and commercial conditions (where applicable) are given. (author)

Long-lived Hybrid Incore Detector for Core Monitoring and Protection

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cha, Kyoon Ho [KEPCO Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2010-10-15

The signal production mechanism in a rhodium (Rh) fixed in-core detector emitter relies primarily on the beta particles resulting from neutron absorptions in either of two Rh isotopes to produce an electric current. As the neutron transmutation process depletes the Rh isotopes, the signal output per unit neutron flux from an Rh detector emitter will decrease. A vanadium detector is primarily sensitive to neutrons, but with a somewhat slower reaction time as that of a Rh detector. The benefit of vanadium over rhodium is its low depletion rate, which is a factor of 7 times less than that of rhodium. Platinum detectors are very sensitive to gamma flux, but only mildly sensitive to neutron flux. Because the depletion rate of platinum is very small, it can be neglected. Generally, both gamma and neutron signals are proportional to the assembly power. The characteristics of a new detector are the long life time due to the low depletion of emitter materials and the capability of reactor protection as well as reactor monitoring. The new detector uses vanadium and platinum as the emitter materials to meet the long life time and reactor protection capability. Vanadium detector is used for reactor monitoring and platinum detector is used for reactor protection. To determine the number of emitter strings, a comparative study of the power peaking factor monitoring accuracy for various self-powered fixed in-core detector geometries was made, and the configuration of the optimal detector design was also established and verified. The design of a new detector consists of five-string vanadium detector elements, and three-string platinum detector elements. The detector assembly also contains a background wire for compensation of noise signal and a thermocouple for use in the post-accident monitoring system. This new hybrid detector can be used for both reactor Monitoring And reactor Protection (MAP)

In-core fuel management: Reloading techniques. Proceedings of a technical committee meeting and workshop held in Vienna, 19-21 October 1992

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-08-01

The purpose of the Technical Committee Meeting and Workshop on In-core Fuel Management - Reloading Techniques, convened by the IAEA in Vienna from 19 to 21 October 1992, was to provide an international forum to review and discuss in-core fuel management reloading techniques for light water reactors. A presentation of the history and status of reloading techniques was given by S.H. Levine, Pennsylvania State University, and papers on various computer code descriptions, methodologies and experiences of utilities and vendors for nuclear fuel reloading were presented and discussed. Optimization techniques for reloadings, expert system codes and the number of energy groups used in reloading calculations were discussed in more detail during a workshop session. Refs, figs and tabs.

Code of practice for in-core instrumentation for neutron fluence rate (flux) measurements in power reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1982-01-01

This standard applies to in-core (on-line) neutron detectors and instrumentation which is designed for safety, information or control purposes. It also applies to components in so far as these components are contained within the primary envelope of the reactor. The detector types usually used are dc ionization chambers and self-powered neutron detectors

Development of Eddy Current Technique for Reactor In-Core Flux Thimble Wear

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, S. S.; Jang, Y. Y.; Yim, C. Y.; Park, K. H.

1990-01-01

Since in-core flux thimble tube wear the due to flow-induced vibration could degrade the integrity of nuclear reactor, the effective detection and interpretation of the wear is important. In order to establish an inspection technique for thimble tubes, an eddy current experiment was performed to determine the optimum test frequency, defect sensitivity and evaluation accuracy. Eddy current probes were designed and fabricated with a theory. Specimens with artificial defects were fabricated using electro discharge machining method. The results from inspection technique developed and on-site inspection showed good applicability

Construction of In-core Structure Test Section in HENDEL, (1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kunitomi, Kazuhiko; Inagaki, Yoshiyuki; Ioka, Ikuo; Kondoh, Yasuo; Nekoya, Shinichi; Miyamoto, Yoshiaki; Akisada, Toshihiro; Yamaguchi, Shigeru.

1988-01-01

An In-core Structure Test Section (T 2 ) in Helium Engineering Demonstration Loop (HENDEL) simulates a part of the core bottom structure with the same scale as that of a high temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR) designed in Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. The design and construction of T 2 test section were started in March 1983, and completed in June 1986. The main objectives of the T 2 test section are to verify thermal-hydraulic performance and integrity of the core bottom structure. The report describes the general outline of T 2 test section, and experience gained from construction and preliminary test with regard to the simulated core bottom structure. (author)

Construction and utilization of linear empirical core models for PWR in-core fuel management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okafor, K.C.

1988-01-01

An empirical core-model construction procedure for pressurized water reactor (PWR) in-core fuel management is developed that allows determining the optimal BOC k ∞ profiles in PWRs as a single linear-programming problem and thus facilitates the overall optimization process for in-core fuel management due to algorithmic simplification and reduction in computation time. The optimal profile is defined as one that maximizes cycle burnup. The model construction scheme treats the fuel-assembly power fractions, burnup, and leakage as state variables and BOC zone enrichments as control variables. The core model consists of linear correlations between the state and control variables that describe fuel-assembly behavior in time and space. These correlations are obtained through time-dependent two-dimensional core simulations. The core model incorporates the effects of composition changes in all the enrichment control zones on a given fuel assembly and is valid at all times during the cycle for a given range of control variables. No assumption is made on the geometry of the control zones. A scatter-composition distribution, as well as annular, can be considered for model construction. The application of the methodology to a typical PWR core indicates good agreement between the model and exact simulation results

The symbol coding language for the BUTs processor of in-core reactor control systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vorob'ev, D.M.; Golovanov, M.N.; Levin, G.L.; Parfenova, T.K.; Filatov, V.P.

1978-01-01

A symbolic coding language is described; it has been developed for automation of making up programs for in-core control systems. The systems use the ideology of the CAMAC-VECTOR system and include the BUTs-20 processor. The symbolic coding language has been developed as a programming language of the ASSEMBLER type. Operators of instructions and pseudo-instructions, the rules of reading in the text of the source program, and operator record formats are considered

INCA: method of analyzing in-core detector data in power reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ober, T.G.; Terney, W.B.; Marks, G.H.

1975-04-01

A method (INCA) is described by which signals from fixed in-core detectors are related to estimates of the three dimensional power distribution in an operating reactor core and to the maximum linear heat rate in the core. A description of the large library of data accompanying the method is provided. A detailed examination of the analytical verifications performed using the method is presented, and a summary of the uncertainty associated with the method is given. The uncertainty assigned to the maximum linear heat rate inferred by the method from operating reactor data is found to be 5.8 percent at a 95/95 confidence level. (U.S.)

In-core monitor housing replacement at Fukushima Daiichi Unit No.4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Arai, Tomoyuki

1999-01-01

The in-core monitor (ICM) housing replacement of a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) has been completed at Fukushima-Daiichi Unit No. 4 (1F4) of the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) in Japan. Since cracking of the inside surface of an ICM housing was found in this unit, the ICM housing was replaced with one made of low-carbon stainless steel (SS) to improve Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking (IGSCC) resistance. This project is the first application of the replacement procedure for the ICM housing and employs various advanced technologies. The outline of the ICM housing replacement project and applied technologies are discussed in this paper. (author)

Recent results from the MIT in-core experiments on coolant chemistry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harling, O.K.; Kohse, G.E.; Cabello, E.C.; Bernard, J.A.

1993-01-01

This paper reports results from an ongoing series of in-core experiments that have been conducted at the 5-MW(thermal) MIT Research Reactor (MITR-II) for optimizing coolant chemistries in light water reactors. Four experiments are in progress, including a pressurized coolant chemistry loop (PCCL), a boiling coolant chemistry loop (BCCL), a facility for the study of irradiation-assisted stress-corrosion cracking, and one for the evaluation of in situ sensors for the monitoring of crack propagation in metal (SENSOR). The first two have now been fully operational for several years. The latter two are scheduled to begin regular operation later this year

Self-powered in-core detectors of cobalt type

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jonsson, Georg

1975-01-01

Testing and development of self-powered neutron detectors with a cobalt emitter is described. Long term irradiation at 400 deg C is expected to indicate insulation quality, change in calibration and 60 Co build-up. Dynamic tests to investigate possible transient effects due to temperature changes are being performed on a number of detectors up to about 600 deg C. A long term irradiation at low temperature has been terminated after 4.5 years. On completion, neutron dose was estimated to be 5.6 x 10 21 nvt and the 60 Co background was 9.3 % of the full flux signal. A recently introduced long term test is expected to provide data on instability effects due to 61 Co. For a BWR in-core detector installation, the main advantage of cobalt detectors, apart from the small size, appears to be long life. Development work is being done on detectors with vanadium-cobalt emitters, electronic separation of fast and delayed signals and reduction of gamma sensitivity. (O.T.)

Swarm intelligence of artificial bees applied to In-Core Fuel Management Optimization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos de Oliveira, Iona Maghali, E-mail: ioliveira@con.ufrj.br [Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68509, Zip Code 21945-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Schirru, Roberto, E-mail: schirru@lmp.ufrj.br [Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68509, Zip Code 21945-970, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2011-05-15

Research highlights: > We present Artificial Bee Colony with Random Keys (ABCRK) for In-Core Fuel Management Optimization. > Its performance is examined through the optimization of a Brazilian '2-loop' PWR. > Feasibility of using ABCRK is shown against some well known population-based algorithms. > Additional advantage includes the utilization of fewer control parameters. - Abstract: Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is a relatively new member of swarm intelligence. ABC tries to simulate the intelligent behavior of real honey bees in food foraging and can be used for solving continuous optimization and multi-dimensional numeric problems. This paper introduces the Artificial Bee Colony with Random Keys (ABCRK), a modified ABC algorithm for solving combinatorial problems such as the In-Core Fuel Management Optimization (ICFMO). The ICFMO is a hard combinatorial optimization problem in Nuclear Engineering which during many years has been solved by expert knowledge. It aims at getting the best arrangement of fuel in the nuclear reactor core that leads to a maximization of the operating time. As a consequence, the operation cost decreases and money is saved. In this study, ABCRK is used for optimizing the ICFMO problem of a Brazilian '2-loop' Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) and the results obtained with the proposed algorithm are compared with those obtained by Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results show that the performance of the ABCRK algorithm is better than or similar to that of other population-based algorithms, with the advantage of employing fewer control parameters.

Swarm intelligence of artificial bees applied to In-Core Fuel Management Optimization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos de Oliveira, Iona Maghali; Schirru, Roberto

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → We present Artificial Bee Colony with Random Keys (ABCRK) for In-Core Fuel Management Optimization. → Its performance is examined through the optimization of a Brazilian '2-loop' PWR. → Feasibility of using ABCRK is shown against some well known population-based algorithms. → Additional advantage includes the utilization of fewer control parameters. - Abstract: Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is a relatively new member of swarm intelligence. ABC tries to simulate the intelligent behavior of real honey bees in food foraging and can be used for solving continuous optimization and multi-dimensional numeric problems. This paper introduces the Artificial Bee Colony with Random Keys (ABCRK), a modified ABC algorithm for solving combinatorial problems such as the In-Core Fuel Management Optimization (ICFMO). The ICFMO is a hard combinatorial optimization problem in Nuclear Engineering which during many years has been solved by expert knowledge. It aims at getting the best arrangement of fuel in the nuclear reactor core that leads to a maximization of the operating time. As a consequence, the operation cost decreases and money is saved. In this study, ABCRK is used for optimizing the ICFMO problem of a Brazilian '2-loop' Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) and the results obtained with the proposed algorithm are compared with those obtained by Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results show that the performance of the ABCRK algorithm is better than or similar to that of other population-based algorithms, with the advantage of employing fewer control parameters.

Avaliação química de substitutos de cacau e estudo sensorial de achocolatados formulados Chemical evaluation of cocoa substitutes and study of formulated chocolate drink powder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magda Leite Medeiros

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O cacau em pó é obtido a partir da pasta de cacau preparada com sementes que passaram pelos processos de fermentação, secagem, torrefação, moagem e prensa (para separação da manteiga de cacau, podendo ser utilizado em formulações de achocolatados que além de cacau em pó são produzidos com: açúcar, aroma e outros ingredientes constantes da formulação. Nos países líderes de produção, o preço do cacau é afetado pelo clima, pragas e fatores políticos. Substitutos de cacau são substâncias que podem entrar na formulação de produtos que utilizam cacau em pó para substituí-lo parcial ou totalmente, com a finalidade de diminuição do preço do produto final, garantia de qualidade dos produtos dependentes de cacau na entressafra ou mesmo na possível ausência do cacau em pó no mercado. Os substitutos escolhidos para avaliação foram: farinha tostada de alfarroba, cupuaçu em pó, composto da semente de cacau e aromas. Os objetivos foram: avaliar quimicamente (composição centesimal e teor de metilxantinas os substitutos de cacau e sensorialmente, sob a forma de achocolatados. Concluiu-se que os produtos analisados apresentam diferentes propriedades químicas daquelas do cacau, sendo que os aromas foram preferidos nos testes sensoriais.Cocoa powder is obtained from cocoa paste. It is prepared with fermented, dried, toasted, grinded and pressed beans (to separate cocoa butter. It can be used to produce chocolate powders, which contains cocoa powder, sugar, chocolate flavor and other ingredients. In the major producing countries, the price of cocoa by-product is affected by the climate, plagues and political factors. Cocoa substitutes are substances that can total or partially substitute cocoa powder in the formulation of different products with the purpose of reducing the final price, guaranteeing the quality in the off season or even during a possible short availability of cocoa powder in the market. The substitutes

On-line extraction of the variance caused by burn-up in in-core three-dimensional power distribution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Yaqi; Luo Zhengpei; Li Fu; Liu Wenfeng

2001-01-01

In most of PWRs, the ex-core ion-chambers are the sole real-time sensors to respond to in-core power and its axial offset. However, the calibration coefficient of the ion-chambers depends on the (3D) power distribution and varies with the burn-up. People expect to know the variance in distribution caused by burn-up directly from the signals of ion-chambers. This expectation is not realized as yet, because an ion-chamber almost only responds to its nearest fuel assemblies. The authors then developed a two-step method for burn-up characteristic extraction: the harmonics synthesis method and harmonics' burn-up grouping. Using the extracted burn-up characteristics, the relationship between the readings of the ex-core ion-chambers and the in-core 3D power distribution is set up. Through the simulation on the heating reactor, the method of burn-up characteristic extraction is verified under engineering conditions. It is possible to on-line extract the variance caused by burn-up in 3D power distribution

A benefit assessment of using in-core neutron detector signals in core protection calculator system (CPCS)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han, S.; Park, S.J.; Seong, P.H.

1997-01-01

A Core Protection Calculator System (CPCS) is a digital computer based safety system generating trip signals based on the calculation of Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio (DNBR) and Local Power Density (LPD). Currently, CPCS uses ex-core detector signals for core power calculation and it has some uncertainties. In this study, in-core detector signals which directly measure inside flux of core are applied to CPCS to get more accurate power distribution profile, DNBR and LPD. In order to improve axial power distribution calculation, piece-wise cubic Spline method is applied; from the 40 nodes of expanded signals, more accurate and detailed core information can be provided. Simulation is carried out to verify its applicability to power distribution calculation. Simulation result shows that the improved method reduces the calculational uncertainties significantly and it allows larger operational margin. It is also expected that no power reduction is required while Core Operating Limit Supervisory System (COLSS) is out-of-service due to reduced uncertainties when the improved method is applied. In this study, a quantitative economic benefit assessment of using in-core neutron detector signals is also carried out. (authors)

A benefit assessment of using in-core neutron detector signals in core protection calculator system(CPCS)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han, Seung

1996-02-01

A Core Protection Calculator System(CPCS) is a digital computer based safety system generating trip signals based on the calculation of Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio(DNBR) and Local Power Density(LPD). Currently, CPCS uses ex-core detector signals for core power calculation and it has some uncertainties. In this study, In-core detector signals which directly measure inside flux of core are applied to CPCS to get more accurate power distribution profile, DNBR and LPD. In order to improve axial power distribution calculation, piecewise cubic spline method is applied: From the 40 nodes of expanded signals, more accurate and detailed core information can be provided. Simulation is carried out to verify its applicability to power distribution calculation. Simulation result shows that the improved method reduces the calculational uncertainties significantly and it allows larger operational margin. It is also expected that no power reduction is required while Core Operating Limit Supervisory System(COLSS) is out-of-service due to reduced uncertainties when the improved method is applied. In this study, a quantitative economic benefit assessment of using in-core neutron detector signals is also carried out

On Use of Multi-Chambered Fission Detectors for In-Core, Neutron Spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Roberts, Jeremy A.

2018-01-01

Presented is a short, computational study on the potential use of multichambered fission detectors for in-core, neutron spectroscopy. Motivated by the development of very small fission chambers at CEA in France and at Kansas State University in the U.S., it was assumed in this preliminary analysis that devices can be made small enough to avoid flux perturbations and that uncertainties related to measurements can be ignored. It was hypothesized that a sufficient number of chambers with unique reactants can act as a real-time, foilactivation experiment. An unfolding scheme based on maximizing (Shannon) entropy was used to produce a flux spectrum from detector signals that requires no prior information. To test the method, integral, detector responses were generated for singleisotope detectors of various Th, U, Np, Pu, Am, and Cs isotopes using a simplified, pressurized-water reactor spectrum and fluxweighted, microscopic, fission cross sections, in the WIMS-69 multigroup format. An unfolded spectrum was found from subsets of these responses that had a maximum entropy while reproducing the responses considered and summing to one (that is, they were normalized). Several nuclide subsets were studied, and, as expected, the results indicate inclusion of more nuclides leads to better spectra but with diminishing improvements, with the best-case spectrum having an average, relative, group-wise error of approximately 51%. Furthermore, spectra found from minimum-norm and Tihkonov-regularization inversion were of lower quality than the maximum entropy solutions. Finally, the addition of thermal-neutron filters (here, Cd and Gd) provided substantial improvement over unshielded responses alone. The results, as a whole, suggest that in-core, neutron spectroscopy is at least marginally feasible.

Test of In-core Flux Detectors in KNK II

CERN Document Server

Hoppe, P

1979-01-01

The development of in-core detectors for Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors (LMFBRs) is still in an early stage, and little operation experience is available. Therefore self-powered neutron and gamma detectors and neutron sensitive ionization chambers -especially developed for LMFBRs- have been tested in the Fast Sodium Cooled Test Reactor KNK II. Seven flux detectors have been installed in the core of KNK II by means of a special test rig. Five of them failed already within the first week during operation in the reactor. Due to measurements of electrical resistances and capacities, sodium penetrating into the detectors or cables probably seems to be the cause. As tests prior to the installation in the core proved the tightness of all detectors, it is suspected that small cracks have developed in the detector casings or in the outer cable sheaths during their exposure to the hot coolant. Two ionization chambers did not show these faults. However, one of them failed because the saturation current plateau disap...

Analysis of an ultrasonic level device for in-core Pressurized Water Reactor coolant detection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson, K.R.

1981-01-01

A rigorous semi-empirical approach was undertaken to model the response of an ultrasonic level device (ULD) for application to in-core coolant detection in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). An equation is derived for the torsional wave velocity v/sub t phi/ in the ULD. Existing data reduction techniques were analyzed and compared to results from use of the derived equation. Both methods yield liquid level measurements with errors of approx. 5%. A sensitivity study on probe performance at reactor conditions predicts reduced level responsivity from data at lower temperatures

Study on the incore fuel management of RSG-GAS reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuntjoro, S.; Sutiarso, K.; Praptoriadi, G.

1995-01-01

The RSG-GAS reactor was designed to work at nominal thermal power of 30 MW with average thermal neutron flux of 2.10 -14 cm -2 s -1 . Forty fuel assemblies and eight control assemblies are expected to form the typical working core (TWC) so that the pattern of the in-core fel management could be carried out properly. One of the requested safety conditions is that the reactor could still be shut down even if the control assemblies with highest negative reactivity were in failure work properly. It is not possible, with respect to the prerequested safety condition, to construct directly a typical working core. Utilizing the IAFUEL code program, a series of transition cores (the cores before reaching the TWC) were set up. The TWC is expected to be reached after eight transition cores. (author)

Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomez ice cream prepared with fat replacers and sugar substitutes Sorvete de mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomez preparado com substitutos de gordura e açúcar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Grazielle Gebrim Santos

2012-09-01

Full Text Available The effect of replacing shortening and sugar on the physical and chemical properties of mangaba ice cream and its acceptability were evaluated. Ice cream formulations were tested with the following fat replacers: Selecta Light, Litesse, and Dairy Lo and the following sugar substitutes: Lactitol and Splenda. All formulations were subjected to physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses and evaluated by acceptability tests. In the sensory analysis, it was observed a larger acceptance of the formulations containing Selecta Light (SL and the combination of Litesse, Lactiol, and Splenda (LLS. The largest reduction in total energetic value (50% was observed in the formulation LLS. The use of fat and/or sugar substitutes caused a reduction in the air incorporation (overrun and affected viscosity. The highest melting speed was observed in the formulation with Dairy-Lo, Lactitol, and Splenda. All formulations showed good levels of global acceptability and appearance. The substitution of shortening for fat replacers caused a reduction in air incorporation and changes in ice-cream viscosity. The low-fat mangaba ice-cream elaborated with Selecta Light was the best formulation in terms of viscosity and air incorporation when compared with the control. It also showed a good level of acceptability and low fat content.O efeito da substituição de gordura vegetal hidrogenada e sacarose nas propriedades físicas, químicas e aceitabilidade de sorvete com mangaba foi avaliado. As formulações de sorvete foram testadas com os substitutos de gordura: Selecta Light, Litesse e Dairy-Lo e os substitutos de sacarose: Lactitol e Splenda. As formulações foram submetidas às análises físicas, químicas, microbiológicas e teste de aceitação. Verificou-se no teste sensorial uma maior aceitação das formulações elaboradas com Selecta Light (SL e combinação de Litesse, Lactitol e Splenda (LLS. A maior redução do valor energético (50% foi observada na

Layout of PWR in-core instrumentation system tubing and support structure with Bechtel 3D-CADD

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ichikawa, T.; Pfeifer, B.W.; Mulay, J.N.

1987-01-01

The optimization study of the PWR In-Core Instrumentation System (ICIS) tubing layout and support structure presented an opportunity to utilize the Bechtel 3D-CADD program to perform this task. This paper provides a brief summary of the Bechtel 3D-CADD program development and capabilities and outlines the process of developing and optimizing the ICIS tube layout. Specific aspects relating to the ICIS tube layout criteria, support, alignment, electronic interference check and erection sequence are provided. (orig.)

Application of Integral Ex-Core and Differential In-Core Neutron Measurements for Adjustment of Fuel Burn-Up Distributions in VVER-1000

Science.gov (United States)

Borodkin, Pavel G.; Borodkin, Gennady I.; Khrennikov, Nikolay N.

2010-10-01

The paper deals with calculational and semi-analytical evaluations of VVER-1000 reactor core neutron source distributions and their influence on measurements and calculations of the integral through-vessel neutron leakage. Time-integrated neutron source distributions used for DORT calculations were prepared by two different approaches based on a) calculated fuel burn-up (standard routine procedure) and b) in-core measurements by means of SPD & TC (new approach). Taking into account that fuel burn-up distributions in operating VVER may be evaluated now by analytical methods (calculations) only it is needed to develop new approaches for testing and correction of calculational evaluations. Results presented in this paper allow to consider a reverse task of alternative estimation of fuel burn-up distributions. The approach proposed is based on adjustment (fitting) of time-integrated neutron source distributions, and hence fuel burn-up patterns in some part of reactor core, on the base of ex-core neutron leakage measurement, neutron-physical calculation and in-core SPD & TC measurement data.

MICE Tourism (Meetings, Incentives, Conferecing and Exhibitions como gerador de Turismo Interno: Analisando a cidade de Pelotas, RS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Fumi Chim-Miki

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Este artigo objetiva apresentar as oportunidades do Turismo MICE Interno para as cidades consideradas regionais. Esta modalidade de turismo urbano, em termos mundiais e nacionais tem apresentado expressivo crescimento. Além disso, está sendo indicada como um produto complementar ou substituto ao clássico turismo de Sol e Praia, especialmente para destinos que estão apresentando sintomas da maturidade deste modelo, ou áreas em que não há condições naturais favoráveis a um completo desenvolvimento baseado em Sol e Praia. Objetivando contribuir com a literatura acadêmica, se apresenta uma revisão conceitual e tipológica do turismo MICE, seguido de uma revisão de determinantes ou atributos para destinos MICE. Desta revisão se extrai os principais determinantes da competitividade do turismo MICE regional, aplicando-os em uma análise empírica da cidade de Pelotas como candidata a Destino MICE Regional. A metodologia é qualitativa, sendo um estudo de caso que utiliza dados primários através de informação coletada nos sites de promoção turística oficiais do município. Conclui-se que a cidade de Pelotas, situada no sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, possui condições de tornar-se um Destino MICE Regional, porém se recomenda uma melhoria no planejamento turístico, em términos de focalizar no desenvolvimento dos atributos de competitividade MICE, e especialmente uma melhoria na qualidade e quantidade das informações sobre suas capacidades como Destino MICE.

SORO post-simulations of Bruce A Unit 4 in-core flux detector verification tests

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Braverman, E.; Nainer, O. [Bruce Power, Nuclear Safety Analysis and Support Dept., Toronto, Ontario (Canada)]. E-mail: Evgeny.Braverman@brucepower.com; Ovidiu.Nainer@brucepower.com

2004-07-01

During the plant equipment assessment prior to requesting approval for restart of Bruce A Units 3 and 4 it was determined that all in-core flux detectors needed to be replaced. Flux detector verification tests were performed to confirm that the newly installed detectors had been positioned according to design specifications and that their response closely follows the calculated flux shape changes caused by selected reactivity mechanism movements. By comparing the measured and post-simulated RRS and NOP detector responses to various perturbations, it was confirmed that the new detectors are wired and positioned correctly. (author)

Produção de lipopeptídeos e glicolipídeos a partir da bioconversão do co-produto da produção do biodiesel

OpenAIRE

Juliana Rabelo de Sousa

2012-01-01

Biossurfactantes são compostos químicos tensoativos sintetizados por microrganismos. Estes compostos possuem muitas vantagens quando comparados com seus equivalentes sintetizados quimicamente como ação específica, baixa toxicidade, alta biodegradabilidade, efetividade em condições extremas de temperatura, pH e força iônica. Apresentam-se como substitutos promissores aos surfactantes químicos derivados da indústria do petróleo. A utilização de substratos renováveis e de baixo custo, como os re...

Development of in-core measuring method using optical techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kakuta, Tsunemi; Shikama, Tatsuo; Narui, Minoru; Sagawa, Tsutomu.

1994-01-01

Since applying to more severe radiation environments in nuclear plants, e.g., in-core measuring systems, diagnostics for fusion reactors, radiation related subjects should be considered by more severe radiation and environmental conditions. Owing to this, preliminary studies of heavy neutron irradiation effects on optical fibers are conducted in the core region of fission reactor. Two kinds of SiO 2 core optical fibers, highly pure SiO 2 with OH content core and SiO 2 with fluorine doped core, were irradiated in the core region of Japan Material Testing Reactor (JMTR). Both fibers were irradiated with fast neutron (E>1.0 MeV) fluence of about 1.6x10 19 n/cm 2 and gamma-ray doses of 3.3x10 9 Gy. The optical absorption and the light-emission spectrum were measured in-situ along the irradiation. This paper mainly outlines the fundamental effects of neutron irradiation and discuss the possibility of neutron detection in the core region of reactor. (J.P.N.)

In-core sipping method for the identification of failed fuel assemblies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Zhongwang; Zhang Yajun

2000-01-01

The failed fuel assembly identification system is an important safety system which ensures safe operations of reactor and immediate treatment of failed fuel rod cladding. The system uses an internationally recognized method to identify failed fuel assemblies in a reactor with fuel element cases. The in-core sipping method is customary used to identify failed fuel assemblies during refueling or after fuel rod cladding failure accidents. The test is usually performed after reactor shutdown by taking samples from each fuel element case while the cases are still in their original core positions. The sample activity is then measured to identify failed fuel assemblies. A failed fuel assembly identification system was designed for the NHR-200 based on the properties of the NHR-200 and national requirements. the design provides an internationally recognized level of safety to ensure the safety of NHR-200

Development of In-Core Protection System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cho, J. H; Kim, C. H.; Kim, J. H.; Jeong, S. H.; Sohn, S. D.; BaeK, S. M.; YOON, J. H.

2016-01-01

In-core Protection System (ICOPS) is an on-line digital computer system which continuously calculates Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio (DNBR) and Local Power Density (LPD) based on plant parameters to make trip decisions based on the computations. The function of the system is the same as that of Core Protection Calculator System (CPCS) and Reactor Core Protection System (RCOPS) which are applied to Optimized Power Reactor 1000 (OPR1000) and Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400). The ICOPS has been developed to overcome the algorithm related obstacles in overseas project. To achieve this goal, several algorithms were newly developed and hardware and software design was updated. The functional design requirements document was developed by KEPCO-NF and the component design was conducted by Doosan. System design and software implementation were performed by KEPCO-E and C, and software Verification and Validation (V and V) was performed by KEPCO-E and C and Sure Softtech. The ICOPS has been developed to overcome the algorithm related obstacles in overseas project. The function of I/O simulator was improved even though the hardware platform is the same as that of RCOPS for Shin-Hanul 1 and 2. SCADE was applied to the implementation of ICOPS software, and the V and V system for ICOPS which satisfies international standards was developed. Although several further detailed design works remain, the function of ICOPS has been confirmed. The ICOPS will be applied to APR+ project, and the further works will be performed in following project

Development of In-Core Protection System

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cho, J. H; Kim, C. H.; Kim, J. H.; Jeong, S. H.; Sohn, S. D.; BaeK, S. M.; YOON, J. H. [KEPCO Engineering and Construction Co., Deajeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-10-15

In-core Protection System (ICOPS) is an on-line digital computer system which continuously calculates Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio (DNBR) and Local Power Density (LPD) based on plant parameters to make trip decisions based on the computations. The function of the system is the same as that of Core Protection Calculator System (CPCS) and Reactor Core Protection System (RCOPS) which are applied to Optimized Power Reactor 1000 (OPR1000) and Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400). The ICOPS has been developed to overcome the algorithm related obstacles in overseas project. To achieve this goal, several algorithms were newly developed and hardware and software design was updated. The functional design requirements document was developed by KEPCO-NF and the component design was conducted by Doosan. System design and software implementation were performed by KEPCO-E and C, and software Verification and Validation (V and V) was performed by KEPCO-E and C and Sure Softtech. The ICOPS has been developed to overcome the algorithm related obstacles in overseas project. The function of I/O simulator was improved even though the hardware platform is the same as that of RCOPS for Shin-Hanul 1 and 2. SCADE was applied to the implementation of ICOPS software, and the V and V system for ICOPS which satisfies international standards was developed. Although several further detailed design works remain, the function of ICOPS has been confirmed. The ICOPS will be applied to APR+ project, and the further works will be performed in following project.

Using the graphs models for evaluating in-core monitoring systems reliability by the method of imiting simulaton

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Golovanov, M.N.; Zyuzin, N.N.; Levin, G.L.; Chesnokov, A.N.

1987-01-01

An approach for estimation of reliability factors of complex reserved systems at early stages of development using the method of imitating simulation is considered. Different types of models, their merits and lacks are given. Features of in-core monitoring systems and advosability of graph model and graph theory element application for estimating reliability of such systems are shown. The results of investigation of the reliability factors of the reactor monitoring, control and core local protection subsystem are shown

Quantum behaved Particle Swarm Optimization with Differential Mutation operator applied to WWER-1000 in-core fuel management optimization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jamalipour, Mostafa; Sayareh, Reza; Gharib, Morteza; Khoshahval, Farrokh; Karimi, Mahmood Reza

2013-01-01

Highlights: ► A new method called QPSO-DM is applied to BNPP in-core fuel management optimization. ► It is found that QPSO-DM performs better than PSO and QPSO. ► This method provides a permissible arrangement for optimum loading pattern. - Abstract: This paper presents a new method using Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization with Differential Mutation operator (QPSO-DM) for optimizing WWER-1000 core fuel management. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have shown good performance on in-core fuel management optimization (ICFMO). The objective of this paper is to show that QPSO-DM performs very well and is comparable to PSO and Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO). Most of the strategies for ICFMO are based on maximizing multiplication factor (k eff ) to increase cycle length and minimizing power peaking factor (P q ) in order to improve fuel integrity. PSO, QPSO and QPSO-DM have been implemented to fulfill these requirements for the first operating cycle of WWER-1000 Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP). The results show that QPSO-DM performs better than the others. A program has been written in MATLAB to map PSO, QPSO and QPSO-DM for loading pattern optimization. WIMS and CITATION have been used to simulate reactor core for neutronic calculations

First experience from in-core sensor validation based on correlation and neuro-fuzzy techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Figedy, S.

2011-01-01

In this work new types of nuclear reactor in-core sensor validation methods are outlined. The first one is based on combination of correlation coefficients and mutual information indices, which reflect the correlation of signals in linear and nonlinear regions. The method may be supplemented by wavelet transform based signal features extraction and pattern recognition by artificial neural networks and also fuzzy logic based decision making. The second one is based on neuro-fuzzy modeling of residuals between experimental values and their theoretical counterparts obtained from the reactor core simulator calculations. The first experience with this approach is described and further improvements to enhance the outcome reliability are proposed (Author)

Results of an analysis of in-core measurements during the first core cycle of the Greifswald nuclear power plant, unit 3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gehre, G.

1982-01-01

First results of an analysis of flux and temperature values obtained from the in-core system in the third unit of the Greifswald nuclear power plant during the first core cycle are presented. The analysis has been performed with the aid of the computer code INCA. Possibilities and limits of this code are shown. (author)

The influence of homogenization on the calculation of the sensitivity volume of a BWR incore detector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haghighat, A.; Kosaly, G.

1985-01-01

By performing two-group, X-Y, S 4 transport theory calculations with the albedo boundary condition, the effect of heterogeneities on the BWR incore detector has been investigated. The albedo distribution along the boundary of the control volume is obtained using a two-group, homogenous, X-Y diffusion model. Different degrees of homogenization have been examined. Investigation shows that a cell-homogeneous model, with separated bypass region and inner water gap, is a viable alternative to the heterogeneous approach. This finding contradicts earlier predictions of a need for a heterogeneous model. (author)

In-core fuel management for nuclear reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ross, M.F.; Visner, S.

1986-01-01

This patent describes in-core fuel management for nuclear reactor in which the first cycle of a pressurized water nuclear power reactor has a multiplicity of elongated, square fuel assemblies supported side-by-side to form a generally cylindrical, stationary core consisting entirely of fresh fuel assemblies. Each assembly of the first type has a substantially similar low average fissile enrichment of at least about 1.8 weight percent U-235, each assembly of the second type having a substantially similar intermediate average fissile enrichment at least about 0.4 weight percent greater than that of the first type, and each assembly of the third type having a substantially similar high average fissile enrichment at least about 0.4 weight percent greater than that of the intermediate type, the arrangement of the low, intermediate, and high enrichment assembly types which consists of: a generally cylindrical inner core region consisting of approximately two-thirds the total assemblies in the core and forming a figurative checkerboard array having a first checkerboard component at least two-thirds of which consists of high enrichment and intermediate enrichment assemblies, at least some of the high enrichment assemblies containing fixed burnable poison shims, and a second checkerboard component consisting of assemblies other than the high enrichment type; and a generally annular outer region consisting of the remaining assemblies and including at least some but less than two-thirds of the high enrichment type assemblies

Test of In-core Flux Detectors in KNK II

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoppe, P.; Mitzel, F.

1979-10-01

The development of in-core detectors for Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors (LMFBRs) is still in an early stage, and little operation experience is available. Therefore self-powered neutron and gamma detectors and neutron sensitive ionization chambers -especially developed for LMFBRs- have been tested in the Fast Sodium Cooled Test Reactor KNK II. Seven flux detectors have been installed in the core of KNK II by means of a special test rig. Five of them failed already within the first week during operation in the reactor. Due to measurements of electrical resistances and capacities, sodium penetrating into the detectors or cables probably seems to be the cause. As tests prior to the installation in the core proved the tightness of all detectors, it is suspected that small cracks have developed in the detector casings or in the outer cable sheaths during their exposure to the hot coolant. Two ionization chambers did not show these faults. However, one of them failed because the saturation current plateau disappeared and the other one's sensitivity decreased by a factor of five during the test period. It is suspected that in both cases changes of the filling gas might be involved

Experimental Study of Hydraulic Control Rod Drive Mechanism for Passive IN-core Cooling System of Nuclear Power Plant

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, In Guk; Kim, Kyung Mo; Jeong, Yeong Shin; Bang, In Cheol [KAERI, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-05-15

CAREM 25 (27 MWe safety systems using hydraulic control rod drives (CRD) studied critical issues that were rod drops with interrupted flow [3]. Hydraulic control rod drive suggested fast shutdown condition using a large gap between piston and cylinder in order to fast drop of neutron absorbing rods. A Passive IN-core Cooling system (PINCs) was suggested for safety enhancement of pressurized water reactors (PWR), small modular reactor (SMR), sodium fast reactor (SFR) in UNIST. PINCs consist of hydraulic control rod drive mechanism (Hydraulic CRDM) and hybrid control rod assembly with heat pipe combined with control rod. The schematic diagram of the hydraulic CRDM for PINCs is shown in Fig. 1. The experimental results show the steady state and transient behavior of the upper cylinder at a low pressure and low temperature. The influence of the working fluid temperature and cylinder mass are investigated. Finally, the heat removal between evaporator section and condenser section is compared with or without the hybrid control rod. Heat removal test of the hybrid heat pipe with hydraulic CRDM system showed the heat transfer coefficient of the bundle hybrid control rod and its effect on evaporator pool. The preliminary test both hydraulic CRDM and heat removal system was conducted, which showed the possibility of the in-core hydraulic drive system for application of PINCs.

Modernization in-core monitoring system, of WWER-1000 reactors (W-320) by fuel assemblies with individual characteristics using

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mitin, V. I.; Semchenkov, J. M.; Kalinushkin, A. E.

2007-01-01

The present report covers object, conception, engineering solution of construction of modern system of high-powered reactor in-core control, including WWER-1000 (V-320) reactors. It is known that ICMS main task is on-line monitoring distribution of power release field and its functioning independently of design programs to avoid common reason error. It is shown in what way field of power release recovery has been carrying on; rest on the signals of in-core neutron and temperature sensors. On the base of the obtained and refined information there have being automatically generated signals of preventive and emergency protection on local parameters (linear power to the maximum intensive fuel elements, reserve to heat exchange crisis, 'picking factor'). There have represented technology on sensors and processing methods of SPND and TC signals, ICIS composition and structure, program hard ware, system and applied software. Structure, composition and the taken decisions allow combining class 1E and class B and C tasks in accordance with international norms of separation and safety classes' realization. At present ICIS-M is a system, providing implementation of control, safety, information and diagnostic functions, which allow securing actual increase of quality, reliability and safety in operation of nuclear fuel and NPP units. And at the same time it reduces human factor negative influence to core work thermo technical eliability in the operational process (Authors)

Constant-Temperature Calorimetry for In-Core Power Measurement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Radcliff, Thomas D.; Miller, Don W.; Kauffman, Andrew C.

2000-01-01

Reactor thermal limits are based on fuel energy deposition and cladding temperature. This paper presents a two-wire in-core instrument that directly measures fuel energy deposition. The instrument is based on the addition of heat through resistive dissipation of input electrical energy to a small mass of reactor fuel or fuel analogue. A feedback loop controls the input electrical energy needed to maintain the fuel mass at a nearly constant temperature regardless of the nuclear energy deposited in the mass. Energy addition to the fuel and fuel temperature feedback to the controller are provided by a resistive heating element embedded in the fuel mass. As long as the external heat transfer environment remains constant, the input electrical energy is inversely related to the actual nuclear energy deposition. To demonstrate this instrument, we first scaled the sensor and controller parameters and then used the results to guide fabrication of prototype instruments. In-reactor testing was performed to measure the instrument sensitivity, linearity, bandwidth, and long-term drift characteristics of the prototypes. The instrument is shown to be capable of high-sensitivity, linear measurement of fuel energy deposition with sufficient bandwidth for safety-related measurements. It is also clear that a means to compensate the sensor for changes in the external heat transfer environment is required. Means of actively measuring heat losses and performing this compensation are discussed

Application of Computational Intelligence Methods to In-Core Fuel Management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Erdogan, A.

2001-01-01

In this study, a computer program package has been developed which supports the in-core fuel management activities for pressurized water reactors, generates and recommends an optimum loading pattern to ensure safe and efficient reactor operation. A search for an optimum fuel loading pattern must be conducted in the space of several core parameters such as power distribution, which is an excessively time consuming computational process. Global core calculation codes take a relatively long time to do the task. The time interval necessary for the iterative process was reduced by using an artificial neural network estimator for the calculations. In this way, it was possible to analyze more loading patterns in the same time interval and the probability of finding a desired optimum was increased. As a case study, the core of the Almaraz Nuclear Plant of Spain, a pressurized water reactor, was modeled for the core calculation code system. The 2-group cross sections for the fuel assembly types were calculated and stored for later usage with the diffusion code. 2000 loading patterns were generated by placing fuel assemblies to random positions in the core, and for each pattern the power distribution and effective multiplication factor (k e ff) were calculated with the diffusion code. At the next stage, 500 of the loading patterns were introduced to the neural network as input data for the training process. The remaining 1500 patterns were used to validate the neural network implementation. It was shown that the neural network estimates the power distribution and the K effective within acceptable error limits. To complete the system, a loading pattern generator was developed. This module consists of a set of rules and an algorithm that places the fuel assemblies to core positions. The neural network estimated the power distribution and k e ff for the loading patterns that were generated by this module. The patterns that have a maximum power fraction lower than, and a minimum

Optimization of in-core fuel management and control rod strategy in equilibrium fuel cycle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sekimizu, Koichi

1975-01-01

An in-core fuel management problem is formulated for the equilibrium fuel cycle in an N-region nuclear reactor model. The formulation shows that the infinite multiplication factor k infinity requisite for newly charged fuel can be separated into two terms - one corresponding to the average k infinity at the end of the cycle and the other representing the direct contribution of the shuffling scheme and control rod programming. This formulation is applied to a three-region cylindrical reactor to obtain simultaneous optimization of shuffling and control rod programming. It is demonstrated that this formulation aids greatly in gaining a better understanding of the effects of changes in the shuffling scheme and control rod programming on equilibrium fuel cycle performance. (auth.)

Accuracy of fuel motion measurements using in-core detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dupree, S.A.

1975-01-01

An initial assessment has been made as to how accurately fuel motion can be measured with in-core detectors. A portion of this assessment has involved the calculation of the response of various detectors to fuel motion and the development of a formalism for correlating uncertainties in a neutron flux measurement to uncertainties in the fuel motion. Initially, four idealized configurations were studied in one dimension. These configurations consisted of (1) a single fuel-pin test using ACPR, (2) a seven fuel-pin test using ACPR, (3) a full subassembly (271 pin) test using a Class I ANL-type SAREF, and (4) a full subassembly plus six partial subassemblies (approximately 1000 pin) test using a Class III GE-type SAREF. It was assumed that melt would occur symmetrically at the center of the test fuel and that fuel would therefore disappear from the center of the geometry. For each case of series of calculations was performed in which detector responses were determined at several radial locations for the unperturbed core and for the core with various fractions of the fuel replaced with Na. This fuel loss was assumed to occur essentially instantaneously such that the power level in the remaining portion of the test fuel remained unchanged from that of the initial unperturbed condition

Summary on the activity of AERs Working Group on core monitoring (flux reconstruction, in-core measurements)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nemes, I.

2010-01-01

Working Group C had a joint meeting with Group G in Balatonfuered, Hungary, 31 May-1 June, 2010. At the joint meeting 21 people from 10 AER member organisations of 4 countries - such as Russia, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary - participated. In the 2 days of the program 15 papers were presented, 10 from these connected to the topic of working group C. The title of papers and the list of participants are attached. At the meeting the following topics were discussed:1-Gd fuel introduction and experiences;2-Reactor physical measurement and evaluation problems; 3-Code development and testing;4-In-core surveillance system developments. (Author)

Níveis de bagaço de cana e uréia como substituto ao farelo de soja em dietas para bovinos leiteiros em crescimento Sugar cane bagasse and urea as replacement of soybean meal in the growing dairy cattle diets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciana Brandão Torres

2003-06-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes níveis de bagaço e uréia como substituto ao farelo de soja em dietas para bovinos leiteiros em crescimento, dois experimentos foram realizados. No primeiro, 20 bezerros mestiços Holandês x Zebu foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os animais receberam dietas à base de palma forrageira e bagaço de cana em níveis de 5,5; 14,4; 24,4 e 34% da matéria seca total. O ganho de peso diminuiu, enquanto a conversão alimentar, e os consumos de FDN e FDA aumentaram linearmente com a inclusão de bagaço. O consumo máximo de MS foi estimado em 2,73% do peso vivo com 30% de bagaço de cana. No segundo experimento foi avaliada a substituição do farelo de soja (FS por uréia mais milho moído (UM, em dietas à base de palma forrageira, sobre o desempenho de novilhas mestiças Holandês x Zebu. Vinte animais foram alimentados de acordo com os níveis de substituição do FS por UM (0, 20, 40 e 60% distribuídos em blocos ao acaso. Não houve efeito da substituição parcial do farelo de soja por milho e uréia sobre o desempenho de novilhas mestiças.In order to evaluate different levels of sugar cane bagasse and urea as replacement of soybean meal in growing dairy cattle diets, two trials were conducted. In the first, twenty crossbreed bull calves (Holstein x Zebu were allotted in a completely randomized design with four treatments. The animals were fed forage cactus based diets, containing levels of 5.5, 14.4, 24.4 and 34% of sugar cane bagasse on the dry matter basis. The liveweight gain decreased while the feed: gain ratio, FDN and FDA intakes increased linearly in function of the increased level of sugar cane bagasse. The maximum daily dry matter intake of 2.73% of LW was estimated with 30% of sugar cane bagasse in the diet. In the second, was evaluated the partial replacement of soybean meal (SM by urea plus corn cracked (UC in forage cactus based diets on the

A nuclear heuristic for application to metaheuristics in-core fuel management optimization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meneses, Anderson Alvarenga de Moura, E-mail: ameneses@lmp.ufrj.b [COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Nuclear Engineering Program; Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA), Manno-Lugano, TI (Switzerland); Gambardella, Luca Maria, E-mail: luca@idsia.c [Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence (IDSIA), Manno-Lugano, TI (Switzerland); Schirru, Roberto, E-mail: schirru@lmp.ufrj.b [COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Nuclear Engineering Program

2009-07-01

The In-Core Fuel Management Optimization (ICFMO) is a well-known problem of nuclear engineering whose features are complexity, high number of feasible solutions, and a complex evaluation process with high computational cost, thus it is prohibitive to have a great number of evaluations during an optimization process. Heuristics are criteria or principles for deciding which among several alternative courses of action are more effective with respect to some goal. In this paper, we propose a new approach for the use of relational heuristics for the search in the ICFMO. The Heuristic is based on the reactivity of the fuel assemblies and their position into the reactor core. It was applied to random search, resulting in less computational effort concerning the number of evaluations of loading patterns during the search. The experiments demonstrate that it is possible to achieve results comparable to results in the literature, for future application to metaheuristics in the ICFMO. (author)

A nuclear heuristic for application to metaheuristics in-core fuel management optimization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meneses, Anderson Alvarenga de Moura; Gambardella, Luca Maria; Schirru, Roberto

2009-01-01

The In-Core Fuel Management Optimization (ICFMO) is a well-known problem of nuclear engineering whose features are complexity, high number of feasible solutions, and a complex evaluation process with high computational cost, thus it is prohibitive to have a great number of evaluations during an optimization process. Heuristics are criteria or principles for deciding which among several alternative courses of action are more effective with respect to some goal. In this paper, we propose a new approach for the use of relational heuristics for the search in the ICFMO. The Heuristic is based on the reactivity of the fuel assemblies and their position into the reactor core. It was applied to random search, resulting in less computational effort concerning the number of evaluations of loading patterns during the search. The experiments demonstrate that it is possible to achieve results comparable to results in the literature, for future application to metaheuristics in the ICFMO. (author)

ZAKI: a windows-based ko standardization code for in-core INAA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ojo, J.O.; Filby, R.H.

2002-01-01

A new computer code ZAKI, for k o -based INAA standardization, written in Visual Basic for the WINDOWS environment is described. The parameter α measuring the deviation of the epithermal neutron spectrum shape from the ideal 1/E shape, and the thermal-to-epithermal flux ratio f, are monitored at each irradiation position for each irradiation using the ''triple bare monitor with k o '' technique. Stability of the irradiation position with respect to α and f is therefore assumed only for the duration of the irradiation. This now makes it possible to use k o standardization even for in-core reactor irradiation channels without an a priori knowledge of α and f values as required by existing commercial software. ZAKI is considerably versatile and contains features which allow for use of several detectors at different counting geometries, direct inputting of peak search output from GeniePc, and automatic nuclide identification of all gamma lines using an in-built library. Sample results for two certified reference materials are presented

Development of an inconel self powered neutron detector for in-core reactor monitoring

Science.gov (United States)

Alex, M.; Ghodgaonkar, M. D.

2007-04-01

The paper describes the development and testing of an Inconel600 (2 mm diameter×21 cm long) self-powered neutron detector for in-core neutron monitoring. The detector has 3.5 mm overall diameter and 22 cm length and is integrally coupled to a 12 m long mineral insulated cable. The performance of the detector was compared with cobalt and platinum detectors of similar dimensions. Gamma sensitivity measurements performed at the 60Co irradiation facility in 14 MR/h gamma field showed values of -4.4×10 -18 A/R/h/cm (-9.3×10 -24 A/ γ/cm 2-s/cm), -5.2×10 -18 A/R/h/cm (-1.133×10 -23 A/ γ/cm 2-s/cm) and 34×10 -18 A/R/h/cm (7.14×10 -23 A/ γ/cm 2-s/cm) for the Inconel, Co and Pt detectors, respectively. The detectors together with a miniature gamma ion chamber and fission chamber were tested in the in-core Apsara Swimming Pool type reactor. The ion chambers were used to estimate the neutron and gamma fields. With an effective neutron cross-section of 4b, the Inconel detector has a total sensitivity of 6×10 -23 A/nv/cm while the corresponding sensitivities for the platinum and cobalt detectors were 1.69×10 -22 and 2.64×10 -22 A/nv/cm. The linearity of the detector responses at power levels ranging from 100 to 200 kW was within ±5%. The response of the detectors to reactor scram showed that the prompt response of the Inconel detector was 0.95 while it was 0.7 and 0.95 for the platinum and cobalt self-powered detectors, respectively. The detector was also installed in the horizontal flux unit of 540 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). The neutron flux at the detector location was calculated by Triveni code. The detector response was measured from 0.02% to 0.07% of full power and showed good correlation between power level and detector signals. Long-term tests and the dynamic response of the detector to shut down in PHWR are in progress.

Development of an inconel self powered neutron detector for in-core reactor monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alex, M.; Ghodgaonkar, M.D.

2007-01-01

The paper describes the development and testing of an Inconel600 (2 mm diameterx21 cm long) self-powered neutron detector for in-core neutron monitoring. The detector has 3.5 mm overall diameter and 22 cm length and is integrally coupled to a 12 m long mineral insulated cable. The performance of the detector was compared with cobalt and platinum detectors of similar dimensions. Gamma sensitivity measurements performed at the 60 Co irradiation facility in 14 MR/h gamma field showed values of -4.4x10 -18 A/R/h/cm (-9.3x10 -24 A/γ/cm 2 -s/cm), -5.2x10 -18 A/R/h/cm (-1.133x10 -23 A/γ/cm 2 -s/cm) and 34x10 -18 A/R/h/cm (7.14x10 -23 A/γ/cm 2 -s/cm) for the Inconel, Co and Pt detectors, respectively. The detectors together with a miniature gamma ion chamber and fission chamber were tested in the in-core Apsara Swimming Pool type reactor. The ion chambers were used to estimate the neutron and gamma fields. With an effective neutron cross-section of 4b, the Inconel detector has a total sensitivity of 6x10 -23 A/nv/cm while the corresponding sensitivities for the platinum and cobalt detectors were 1.69x10 -22 and 2.64x10 -22 A/nv/cm. The linearity of the detector responses at power levels ranging from 100 to 200 kW was within ±5%. The response of the detectors to reactor scram showed that the prompt response of the Inconel detector was 0.95 while it was 0.7 and 0.95 for the platinum and cobalt self-powered detectors, respectively. The detector was also installed in the horizontal flux unit of 540 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). The neutron flux at the detector location was calculated by Triveni code. The detector response was measured from 0.02% to 0.07% of full power and showed good correlation between power level and detector signals. Long-term tests and the dynamic response of the detector to shut down in PHWR are in progress

Development of discrete-time H∞ filtering method for time-delay compensation of rhodium incore detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Moon Kyu; Kim, Yong Hee; Cha, Kune Ho; Kim, Myung Ki

1998-01-01

A method is described to develop an H∞ filtering method for the dynamic compensation of self-powered neutron detectors normally used for fixed incore instruments. An H∞ norm of the filter transfer matrix is used as the optimization criteria in the worst-case estimation error sense. Filter modeling is performed for discrete-time model. The filter gains are optimized in the sense of noise attenuation level of H∞ setting. By introducing Bounded Real Lemma, the conventional algebraic Riccati inequalities are converted into Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the filter design problem is solved via the convex optimization framework using LMIs. The simulation results show that remarkable improvements are achieved in view of the filter response time and the filter design efficiency

On-power verification of the dynamic response of self-powered in-core detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Serdula, K.; Beaudet, M.

1996-01-01

Self-powered in-core detectors are used for on-line safety and regulation purposes in CANDU reactors. Such applications require use of detectors whose response is primarily prompt to changes in flux. In-service verification of the detectors' response is required to ensure significant degradation in performance has not occurred during long-term operation. Changes in the detector characteristics occur due to nuclear interactions and failures. Present verification requires significant station resources and disrupts power production. Use of the 'noise' in the detector signal is being investigated as an alternative to assess the dynamic response of the detectors during long-term operation. Measurements of reference 'signatures' were obtained from replacement shutdown system detectors. Results show 'noise' measurements are a promising alternative to the current verification method. Identification of changes in the detector response function assist in accurate diagnosis and prognosis of changes in detector signals due to process changes. (author)

A fixed incore based system for an on line core margin monitoring

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mourlevat, J. L.; Carrasco, M.

2002-01-01

FRAMATOME-ANP has developed a new core monitoring system which is based on measurements coming from fixed incore sensors and on a 3D power distribution on line reconstruction. After selecting the rhodium self powered neutron detectors as fixed incore sensors, a first step of this development consisted in testing this kind of sensors in the French Golfech Unit 2 reactor (4L, 1300 MWe). (Author)

First In-Core Simultaneous Measurements of Nuclear Heating and Thermal Neutron Flux Obtained With the Innovative Mobile Calorimeter CALMOS Inside the OSIRIS Reactor

Science.gov (United States)

Carcreff, Hubert; Salmon, Laurent; Bubendorff, Jacques; Lepeltier, Valérie

2016-10-01

Nuclear heating inside a MTR reactor has to be known in order to design and run irradiation experiments which have to fulfill target temperature constraints. This measurement is usually carried out by calorimetry. The innovative calorimetric system, CALMOS, has been studied and built in 2011 for the 70MWth OSIRIS reactor operated by CEA. Thanks to a new type of calorimetric probe, associated to a specific displacement system, it provides measurements along the fissile height and above the core. Calorimeter working modes, measurement procedures, main modeling and experimental results and expected advantages of this new technique have been already presented in previous papers. However, these first in-core measurements were not performed beyond 6 W · g-1, due to an inside temperature limitation imposed by a safety authority requirement. In this paper, we present the first in-core simultaneous measurements of nuclear heating and conventional thermal neutron flux obtained by the CALMOS device at 70 MW nominal reactor power. For the first time, this experimental system was operated in nominal in-core conditions, with nominal neutron flux up to 2.7 1014 n · cm-2 · s-1 and nuclear heating up to 12 W · g-1. After a brief reminder of the calorimetric cell configuration and displacement system specificities, first nuclear heating distributions at nominal power are presented and discussed. In order to reinforce the heating evaluation, a comparison is made between results obtained by the probe calibration coefficient and the zero methods. Thermal neutron flux evaluation from SPND signal processing required a specific TRIPOLI-4 Monte Carlo calculation which has been performed with the precise CALMOS cell geometry. In addition, the Finite Element model for temperatures map prediction inside the calorimetric cell has been upgraded with recent experimental data obtained up to 12 W · g-1. Finally, the experience feedback led us to improvement perspectives. A second device is

ZAKI a windows-based k sub o standardization code for in-core INAA

CERN Document Server

Ojo, J O

2002-01-01

A new computer code ZAKI, for k sub o -based INAA standardization, written in Visual Basic for the WINDOWS environment is described. The parameter alpha measuring the deviation of the epithermal neutron spectrum shape from the ideal 1/E shape, and the thermal-to-epithermal flux ratio f, are monitored at each irradiation position for each irradiation using the ''triple bare monitor with k sub o '' technique. Stability of the irradiation position with respect to alpha and f is therefore assumed only for the duration of the irradiation. This now makes it possible to use k sub o standardization even for in-core reactor irradiation channels without an a priori knowledge of alpha and f values as required by existing commercial software. ZAKI is considerably versatile and contains features which allow for use of several detectors at different counting geometries, direct inputting of peak search output from GeniePc, and automatic nuclide identification of all gamma lines using an in-built library. Sample results for ...

INSIGHT: an integrated scoping analysis tool for in-core fuel management of PWR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamamoto, Akio; Noda, Hidefumi; Ito, Nobuaki; Maruyama, Taiji.

1997-01-01

An integrated software tool for scoping analysis of in-core fuel management, INSIGHT, has been developed to automate the scoping analysis and to improve the fuel cycle cost using advanced optimization techniques. INSIGHT is an interactive software tool executed on UNIX based workstations that is equipped with an X-window system. INSIGHT incorporates the GALLOP loading pattern (LP) optimization module that utilizes hybrid genetic algorithms, the PATMAKER interactive LP design module, the MCA multicycle analysis module, an integrated database, and other utilities. Two benchmark problems were analyzed to confirm the key capabilities of INSIGHT: LP optimization and multicycle analysis. The first was the single cycle LP optimization problem that included various constraints. The second one was the multicycle LP optimization problem that includes the assembly burnup limitation at rod cluster control (RCC) positions. The results for these problems showed the feasibility of INSIGHT for the practical scoping analysis, whose work almost consists of LP generation and multicycle analysis. (author)

Method and device for monitoring vibration of incore neutron detector guide tube

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Enomoto, Mitsuhiro; Naito, Norio; Oda, Akira.

1978-01-01

Purpose: To easily detect the vibration of an incore neutron detector guide tube and to prevent the occurrence of such accidents that the guide tube comes into contact with the fuel channel box arranged around the periphery thereof to break the channel box. Method: A neutron detector guide tube is disposed within a channel box, and the neutron detector is arranged at the center of the guide tube. Now, when the guide tube vibrates at an inherent number of vibration and a predetermined amplitude, the guide tube moves in the radial direction by the predetermined amplitude part to come into contact with the channel box. Upon this occasion, the detector similarity vibrates, and the output signal is varied by the predetermined neutron flux variation part. This output signal is sent to a comparator through an analyser, and compared with the output signal produced from a device wherein the result analysed at normal time, and the output signal is sent to an alarm device and an indicator, respectively. (Aizawa, K.)

In-core neutron flux measurements at PARR using self powered neutron detector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hussain, A.; Ansari, S.A.

1989-10-01

This report describes experimental reactor physics measure ments at PARR using the in-core neutron detectors. Rhodium self powered neutron detectors (SPND) were used in the PARR core and several measurements were made aimed at detector calibration, response time determination and neutron flux measurements. The detectors were calibrated at low power using gold foils and full power by the thermal channel. Based on this calibration it was observed that the detector response remains almost linear throughout the power range. The self powered detectors were used for on-line determination of absolute neutron flux in the core as well as the spatial distribution of neutron flux or reactor power. The experimental, axial and horizontal flux mapping results at certain locations in the core are presented. The total response time of rhodium detector was experimentally determined to be about 5 minutes, which agree well with the theoretical results. Because of longer response time of SPND of the detectors it is not possible to use them in the reactor protection system. (author). 10 figs

Study on in-core fuel management for CNP1500 nuclear power plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Dongsheng

2005-10-01

CNP1500 is a four-loop PWR nuclear power plant with light water as moderator and coolant. The reactor core is composed of 205 AFA-3GXL fuel assemblies. The active core height at cold is 426.4 cm and equivalent diameter is 347.0 cm. The reactor thermal output is 4250 MW, and average linear power density is 179.5 W/cm. The cycle length of equilibrium cycle core is 470 equivalent full power days. For all cycles, the moderator temperature coefficients at all conditions are negative values, the nuclear enthalpy rise factors F ΔH at hot full power, all control rods out and equilibrium xenon are less than the limit value, the maximum discharge assembly burnup is less 55000 MW·d/tU, and the shutdown margin values at the end of life meet design criteria. The low-leakage core loading reduces radiation damage on pressure vessel and is beneficial to prolong use lifetime of it. The in-core fuel management design scheme and main calculation results for CNP1500 nuclear power plant are presented. (author)

Uma Análise sobre o Mercado Mundial do Biodiesel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dario Oliveira Lima

2014-12-01

Full Text Available O combustível fóssil, base da matriz energética mundial, dá sinais de esgotamento das suas reservas e saturação ambiental por causa do aquecimento global. Surgiu assim um novo desafio para a Academia: encontrar um combustível substituto que seja renovável e não emita Dióxido de Carbono. O biodiesel surgiu como potencial substituto do combustível fóssil que se esgotará dentro de 50 anos. O mercado mundial de biodiesel está em expansão e demanda por informações econômicas referentes ao bicombustível. Este trabalho se propõe a realizar um levantamento sobre as informações de mercado do biodiesel e seu desenvolvimento no mundo. Traz informações relativas à produção, à capacidade produtiva e aos incentivos fiscais do biodiesel em diversos países do mundo.

Monitoring the mechanical vibration of in-core detector tubes and fuel channels via ICFD noise analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Glockler, O.; Cooke, D.F.; Czuppon, G.J.; Kapoor, K.K.

2000-01-01

Vibrations of core internals are regularly monitored in the CANDU nuclear generating stations of Ontario Power Generation (OPG) via the noise analysis of in-core flux detectors (ICFDs). Voltage signals of standard station instrumentation are recorded by portable multi-channel high-speed high-resolution data acquisition systems, then statistical parameters are derived from the multi-channel time series measurements. Reactor noise analysis is a non-intrusive statistical technique regularly used in system surveillance, diagnostics and in actual operational I and C problems. It utilizes the dynamic information carried by the small fluctuations (noise) of station signals measured around their mean values during steady-state operation. The present paper discusses specific results related to the flow-induced mechanical vibrations of detector tubes and fuel channels. (author)

Linear variable differential transformer and its uses for in-core fuel rod behavior measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wolf, J.R.

1979-01-01

The linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) is an electromechanical transducer which produces an ac voltage proportional to the displacement of a movable ferromagnetic core. When the core is connected to the cladding of a nuclear fuel rod, it is capable of producing extremely accurate measurements of fuel rod elongation caused by thermal expansion. The LVDT is used in the Thermal Fuels Behavior Program at the U.S. Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) for measurements of nuclear fuel rod elongation and as an indication of critical heat flux and the occurrence of departure from nucleate boiling. These types of measurements provide important information about the behavior of nuclear fuel rods under normal and abnormal operating conditions. The objective of the paper is to provide a complete account of recent advances made in LVDT design and experimental data from in-core nuclear reactor tests which use the LVDT

Development of an inconel self powered neutron detector for in-core reactor monitoring

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alex, M. [Electronics Division, BARC, Mumbai (India)]. E-mail: maryalex@barc.gov.in; Ghodgaonkar, M.D. [Electronics Division, BARC, Mumbai (India)

2007-04-21

The paper describes the development and testing of an Inconel600 (2 mm diameterx21 cm long) self-powered neutron detector for in-core neutron monitoring. The detector has 3.5 mm overall diameter and 22 cm length and is integrally coupled to a 12 m long mineral insulated cable. The performance of the detector was compared with cobalt and platinum detectors of similar dimensions. Gamma sensitivity measurements performed at the {sup 60}Co irradiation facility in 14 MR/h gamma field showed values of -4.4x10{sup -18} A/R/h/cm (-9.3x10{sup -24} A/{gamma}/cm{sup 2}-s/cm), -5.2x10{sup -18} A/R/h/cm (-1.133x10{sup -23} A/{gamma}/cm{sup 2}-s/cm) and 34x10{sup -18} A/R/h/cm (7.14x10{sup -23} A/{gamma}/cm{sup 2}-s/cm) for the Inconel, Co and Pt detectors, respectively. The detectors together with a miniature gamma ion chamber and fission chamber were tested in the in-core Apsara Swimming Pool type reactor. The ion chambers were used to estimate the neutron and gamma fields. With an effective neutron cross-section of 4b, the Inconel detector has a total sensitivity of 6x10{sup -23} A/nv/cm while the corresponding sensitivities for the platinum and cobalt detectors were 1.69x10{sup -22} and 2.64x10{sup -22} A/nv/cm. The linearity of the detector responses at power levels ranging from 100 to 200 kW was within {+-}5%. The response of the detectors to reactor scram showed that the prompt response of the Inconel detector was 0.95 while it was 0.7 and 0.95 for the platinum and cobalt self-powered detectors, respectively. The detector was also installed in the horizontal flux unit of 540 MW Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). The neutron flux at the detector location was calculated by Triveni code. The detector response was measured from 0.02% to 0.07% of full power and showed good correlation between power level and detector signals. Long-term tests and the dynamic response of the detector to shut down in PHWR are in progress.

Self-Powered Neutron and Gamma Detectors for In-Core Measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Strindehag, O.

1971-11-01

The performance of various types of self-powered neutron and gamma detectors intended for control and power distribution measurements in water cooled reactors is discussed. The self-powered detectors are compared with other types of in-core detectors and attention is paid to such properties as neutron and gamma sensitivity, high-temperature performance, burn-up rate and time of response. Also treated are the advantages and disadvantages of using gamma detector data for power distribution calculations instead of data from neutron detectors. With regard to neutron-sensitive detectors, results from several long-term experiments with vanadium and cobalt detectors are presented. The results include reliability and stability data for these two detector types and the Co build-up in cobalt detectors. Experimental results which reveal the fast response of cobalt detectors are presented, and the use of cobalt detectors in reactor safety systems is discussed. Experience of the design and installation of complete flux probes, electronic units and data processing systems for power reactors is reported. The investigation of gamma-sensitive detectors includes detectors with emitters of lead, zirconium, magnesium and Inconel. Measured gamma sensitivities from calibrations both in a reactor and in a gamma cell are given, and the signal levels of self-powered neutron and gamma detectors when applied to power reactors are compared

Self-Powered Neutron and Gamma Detectors for In-Core Measurements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strindehag, O

1971-11-15

The performance of various types of self-powered neutron and gamma detectors intended for control and power distribution measurements in water cooled reactors is discussed. The self-powered detectors are compared with other types of in-core detectors and attention is paid to such properties as neutron and gamma sensitivity, high-temperature performance, burn-up rate and time of response. Also treated are the advantages and disadvantages of using gamma detector data for power distribution calculations instead of data from neutron detectors. With regard to neutron-sensitive detectors, results from several long-term experiments with vanadium and cobalt detectors are presented. The results include reliability and stability data for these two detector types and the Co build-up in cobalt detectors. Experimental results which reveal the fast response of cobalt detectors are presented, and the use of cobalt detectors in reactor safety systems is discussed. Experience of the design and installation of complete flux probes, electronic units and data processing systems for power reactors is reported. The investigation of gamma-sensitive detectors includes detectors with emitters of lead, zirconium, magnesium and Inconel. Measured gamma sensitivities from calibrations both in a reactor and in a gamma cell are given, and the signal levels of self-powered neutron and gamma detectors when applied to power reactors are compared

A High Temperature-Tolerant and Radiation-Resistant In-Core Neutron Sensor for Advanced Reactors. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cao, Lei [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States); Miller, Don [The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH (United States)

2015-01-23

The objectives of this project are to develop a small and reliable gallium nitride (GaN) neutron sensor that is capable of withstanding high neutron fluence and high temperature, isolating gamma background, and operating in a wide dynamic range. The first objective will be the understanding of the fundamental materials properties and electronic response of a GaN semiconductor materials and device in an environment of high temperature and intense neutron field. To achieve such goal, an in-situ study of electronic properties of GaN device such as I-V, leakage current, and charge collection efficiency (CCE) in high temperature using an external neutron beam will be designed and implemented. We will also perform in-core irradiation of GaN up to the highest yet fast neutron fluence and an off-line performance evaluation.

A High Temperature-Tolerant and Radiation-Resistant In-Core Neutron Sensor for Advanced Reactors. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao, Lei; Miller, Don

2015-01-01

The objectives of this project are to develop a small and reliable gallium nitride (GaN) neutron sensor that is capable of withstanding high neutron fluence and high temperature, isolating gamma background, and operating in a wide dynamic range. The first objective will be the understanding of the fundamental materials properties and electronic response of a GaN semiconductor materials and device in an environment of high temperature and intense neutron field. To achieve such goal, an in-situ study of electronic properties of GaN device such as I-V, leakage current, and charge collection efficiency (CCE) in high temperature using an external neutron beam will be designed and implemented. We will also perform in-core irradiation of GaN up to the highest yet fast neutron fluence and an off-line performance evaluation.

Preliminary analysis on in-core fuel management optimization of molten salt pebble-bed reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xia Bing; Jing Xingqing; Xu Xiaolin; Lv Yingzhong

2013-01-01

The Nuclear Hot Spring (NHS) is a molten salt pebble-bed reactor featured by full power natural circulation. The unique horizontal coolant flow of the NHS demands the fuel recycling schemes based on radial zoning refueling and the corresponding method of fuel management optimization. The local searching algorithm (LSA) and the simulated annealing algorithm (SAA), the stochastic optimization methods widely used in the refueling optimization problems in LWRs, were applied to the analysis of refueling optimization of the NHS. The analysis results indicate that, compared with the LSA, the SAA can survive the traps of local optimized solutions and reach the global optimized solution, and the quality of optimization of the SAA is independent of the choice of the initial solution. The optimization result gives excellent effects on the in-core power flattening and the suppression of fuel center temperature. For the one-dimensional zoning refueling schemes of the NHS, the SAA is an appropriate optimization method. (authors)

Trends and results in In-Core management for the Kozloduy NPP WWER-440 reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haralampieva, Tz.; Antov, A.; Georgieva, N.; Spasova, V.

2001-01-01

The paper presents the experience gained during the design and operation of the last fuel cycles of the four WWER-440/V-230 units at Kozloduy NPP. High efficiency and economy of the fuel utilization requires very precise procedures for fuel in-core management, including calculations and analyses for reloading scheme design, compared with results from operational measurements and fuel cycle efficiency. The paper describes the main stages of implementation of advanced fuel assemblies in the Kozloduy NPP WWER-440 reactors. New advanced fuel has been implemented after the completion of comprehensive neutron-physical, thermal-hydraulic and thermal-mechanical analyses by using advanced computer codes. As a general task of the fuel cycle improvements it is pointed the increasing of the final fuel burnup and decreasing of the number of spent fuel assemblies. Series of calculations and analyses, related to the introducing of the advanced fuel assemblies and improvement of the fuel cycle characteristics have been carried out to guarantee the safe operation and fuel reliability

First in-core measurement results obtained with the innovative mobile calorimeter CALMOS inside the OSIRIS material testing reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carcreff, Hubert; Salmon, Laurent; Courtaux, Cedric

2014-01-01

Nuclear heating rate inside an MTR has to be known in order to design and to run irradiation experiments which have to fulfill target temperature constraints. This measurement is usually carried out by calorimetry. An innovative calorimetric system, CALMOS, has been studied and built in 2011 for the 70 MWth OSIRIS reactor operated by CEA. Thanks to a new calorimetric probe, associated to a specific displacement system, it provides measurements along the fissile height and above the core. Development of the calorimetric probe required manufacturing and irradiation of mock-ups in the ex-core area, where nuclear heating rate does not exceed 2 W.g -1 . The calorimeter working mode, the different measurement procedures, main modeling and ex-core experimental results have been already presented in previous papers. In this paper, we present in-core results obtained from 2011 to 2013 with the final device. For the first time, this new experimental measurement system was operated in several experimental locations, with nominal in-core thermal hydraulic conditions, nominal neutron flux and nuclear heating rate up to 6 W.g -1 (in graphite). After a brief presentation of the displacement system specificities, first nuclear heating distributions are presented and discussed. The Finite Element model of the calorimeter was upgraded in order to match calculated temperatures with measured ones. This 'validated' model allowed to estimate a Kc factor which tends to correct small nonlinearities when heating rate is calculated from the 'calibration method'. A comparison is made between nuclear heating rates determined from 'calibration' and 'zero methods'. In addition, an evaluation of the global uncertainty associated to the measurements is detailed. Finally, a comparison is made with available measurements obtained from previous calorimeters. (authors)

Organization of the in-core control system connection with the M-6000 computer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Golovanov, M.N.; Duma, V.R.; Levin, G.L.; Filatov, V.P.

1978-01-01

Problems of organizing communication of a digital computer with the equipment of the in-core control system (CC) are discussed. Three possible modes of joint operation of the CC equipment and the digital computer are given. The off-line control device provides data collection, preliminary processing and recording servicing of peripheral requests, and data exchange with the digital computer; computer-controlled operation of the equipment makes it possible to control input-output operations of the CCS equipment, and also to retain the working capacity of the CCS system when the off-line control device is failed; during file exchange the data are transferred between the computer and the CCS equipment. Requirements for the communication unit design are drawn up. An analysis of existing methods of a digital computer interface with the equipment is presented, and substantiation of the proposed variant of connection of the communication unit directly to the branch highway is given. Operation of the CCS equipment under various conditions is considered. The flowsheet and description of the interface of the M-6000 computer with the CCS equipment are given

Impact of shelf life on measured prompt fraction of spare Inconel in-core flux detectors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mohindra, VK; Sadeghi, S. [Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Mississauga, Ontario (Canada); Crouse, B. [Darlington Nuclear Generating Station, Bowmanville, Ontario (Canada)

2008-07-01

Prompt fraction measurements associated with spare self-powered Inconel In-Core Flux Detectors (ICFDs) carried out a few years after installation on Shut Down System number 1 (SDS1) and Reactor Regulating System (RRS) at Darlington Nuclear Generating Station (DNGS), were found to be lower than those of the original detectors. These detectors, spares and originals, were manufactured in the late 80s, however, the former were kept at manufacturer's warehouse and latter were installed in the reactor core within a few years after manufacturing. Although the prompt fractions of the spare detectors were relatively low, the electronic/electrical behavior of the spare detectors was intact. The first batch of the original detectors performed as per the design requirements. Therefore, it is suspected that during shelf life, spare Inconel in-core flux detectors underwent changes that lowered their measured values of prompt fraction, which were taken within a few years after installation in the reactor. Detailed study of detectors' material composition and impurity concentrations revealed no association with the lower prompt fraction measurements. The evaluation of the limited data of the original and spare Inconel ICFDs installed at Darlington showed: 1. The reduction in prompt fraction was roughly proportional to the shelf life of the detectors; and 2. The rate of reduction in prompt fraction during storage was about double the rate of reduction during operation in the reactor. Above observations were based on the data provided by DNGS for a few detectors. The purpose of this paper is two fold, firstly to present the results of the complete study carried out to investigate the cause of relatively low prompt fractions measured on spare SDS1 and RRS Inconel ICFDs at DNGS, and secondly to generate interest/awareness within other CANDU utilities to add to the database of prompt fractions of spare Inconel ICFDs measured after installation. The data will help to improve

PWR in-core nuclear fuel management optimization utilizing nodal (non-linear NEM) generalized perturbation theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maldonado, G.I.; Turinsky, P.J.; Kropaczek, D.J.

1993-01-01

The computational capability of efficiently and accurately evaluate reactor core attributes (i.e., k eff and power distributions as a function of cycle burnup) utilizing a second-order accurate advanced nodal Generalized Perturbation Theory (GPT) model has been developed. The GPT model is derived from the forward non-linear iterative Nodal Expansion Method (NEM) strategy, thereby extending its inherent savings in memory storage and high computational efficiency to also encompass GPT via the preservation of the finite-difference matrix structure. The above development was easily implemented into the existing coarse-mesh finite-difference GPT-based in-core fuel management optimization code FORMOSA-P, thus combining the proven robustness of its adaptive Simulated Annealing (SA) multiple-objective optimization algorithm with a high-fidelity NEM GPT neutronics model to produce a powerful computational tool used to generate families of near-optimum loading patterns for PWRs. (orig.)

Development and manufacturing of special fission chambers for in-core measurement requirements in nuclear reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Geslot, B.; Berhouet, F.; Oriol, L.; Breaud, S.; Jammes, C.; Filliatre, P.; Villard, J. F.

2009-01-01

The Dosimetry Command control and Instrumentation Laboratory (LDCI) at CEA/Cadarache is specialized in the development, design and manufacturing of miniature fission chambers (from 8 mm down to 1.5 mm in diameter). The LDCI fission chambers workshop specificity is its capacity to manufacture and distribute special fission chambers with fissile deposits other than U 235 (typically Pu 242 , Np 237 , U 238 , Th 232 ). We are also able to define the characteristics of the detector for any in-core measurement requirements: sensor geometry, fissile deposit material and mass, filling gas composition and pressure, operating mode (pulse, current or Campbelling) with associated cable and electronics. The fission chamber design relies on numerical simulation and modeling tools developed by the LDCI. One of our present activities in fission chamber applications is to develop a fast neutron flux instrumentation using Campbelling mode dedicated to measurements in material testing reactors. (authors)

Alkanes as markers in nutritional studies with wild ruminant and non-ruminant animals Alcanos como indicadores em estudos nutricionais com ruminantes selvagens e animais não-ruminantes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dimas Estrasulas de Oliveira

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Knowledge of information relative to the digestibility, intake and botanical and morphological composition of the diet is important in nutritional studies, since it provides the basis for understanding aspects related to the ingestive behavior and selectivity of animals. N-alkanes have been used successfully as markers in studies with many species of animals, particularly domesticated ruminants, most of the times as replacements for conventional markers as chromium oxide for example. However, for wild ruminants and non-ruminant animals information on this technique is still scarce and, as a consequence, its potential for use unknown. This review reports the use of this technique in studies of feed digestibility, intake and diet composition with wild ruminants and non-ruminant animals, summarizing results and inferring on the feasibility and applicability of the technique.O conhecimento de informações relativas à digestibilidade, consumo, composição botânica e morfológica da dieta é importante em estudos de nutrição, pois fornece a base para a compreensão de aspectos relativos ao comportamento ingestivo e a seletividade dos animais. N-alcanos têm sido usados com sucesso como indicadores em estudos com várias espécies de animais, particularmente ruminantes domésticos, muitas vezes como substitutos a marcadores convencionais como o cromo por exemplo. No entanto, no caso de ruminantes selvagens e animais não-ruminantes as informações sobre essa técnica são ainda escassas e, consequentemente, seu potencial de uso desconhecido. Esta revisão borda o uso dessa metodologia em estudos de digestibilidade, consumo e estimativa da composição da dieta em ruminantes selvagens e animais não-ruminantes, sumarizando resultados e inferindo sobre a viabilidade e aplicabilidade da técnica.

ANÁLISE E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SORVETE A BASE DE PROTEÍNA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Isabela Maria Reck

2016-03-01

Full Text Available A preocupação com a saúde elevou a demanda por produtos naturais e saudáveis, assim, elevando o rendimento físicos de atletas e não atletas, levou ao aumento do consumo de suplementos que potencializam esse efeito. O sorvete é um produto que agrada aos mais variados paladares e as proteínas contribuem para o desenvolvimento da estrutura do sorvete. As proteínas auxiliam na manutenção do músculo e outros tecidos e pode ser utilizada como substituto de gorduras na formulação. O trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um sorvete proteico e utilizar a proteína do soro de leite como um substituto de gordura e obter um produto com baixo teor de gordura. Antes do desenvolvimento do produto foi realizada uma pesquisa de mercado para identificar as preferências e exigências dos consumidores. Obtiveram-se duas formulações, uma com 6 g proteína e outra com 8 g por porção de 60 g de sorvete, escolhas estas feitas a partir da alteração mínima do sabor agradável do sorvete. Realizou-se uma análise sensorial dos dois sorvetes para avaliar a aceitação do público. Pode-se concluir que, ao aumentar a quantidade de proteína do produto e reduzir a quantidade de gorduras, o sorvete foi aprovado pelos consumidores, tornando-se viável a sua comercialização. 

On-line generation of three-dimensional core power distribution using incore detector signals to monitor safety limits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jang, Jin Wook; Lee, Ki Bog; Na, Man Gyun; Lee, Yoon Joon

2004-01-01

It is essential in commercial reactors that the safety limits imposed on the fuel pellets and fuel clad barriers, such as the Linear Power Density (LPD) and the Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio (DNBR), are not violated during reactor operations. In order to accurately monitor the safety limits of current reactor states, a detailed three-dimensional (3D) core power distribution should be estimated from the in-core detector signals. In this paper, we propose a calculation methodology for detailed 3D core power distribution, using in-core detector signals and core monitoring constants such as the 3D Coupling Coefficients (3DCC), node power fraction, and pin-to-node factors. Also, the calculation method for several core safety parameters is introduced. The core monitoring constants for the real core state are promptly provided by the core design code and on-line MASTER(Multi-purpose Analyzer for Static and Transient Effects of Reactors), coupled with the core monitoring program. Through the plant computer, core state variables, which include reactor thermal power, control rod bank position, boron concentration, inlet moderator temperature, and flow rate, are supplied as input data for MASTER. MASTER performs the core calculation based on the neutron balance equation and generates several core monitoring constants corresponding to the real core state in addition to the expected core power distribution. The accuracy of the developed method is verified through a comparison with the current CECOR method. Because in all the verification calculation cases the proposed method shows a more conservative value than the best estimated value and a less conservative one than the current CECOR and COLSS methods, it is also confirmed that this method secures a greater operating margin through the simulation of the YGN-3 cycle-1 core from the viewpoint of the power peaking factor for the LPD and the pseudo hot pin axial power distribution for the DNBR calculation

Evaluation of in-core neutron flux and temperature field measurements during the second period of power commissioning of the KS-150 reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rana, S.B.; Pecho, J.

1975-01-01

The in-core flux mapping system in the KS-150 reactor using mapping fuel elements with self-powered detectors is described. Experimental data evaluation using the Fourier analysis and determination of important operation parameters from the detectors and temperature field distribution using thermocouples for measuring coolant outlet temperatures and fuel temperatures are given. The DPZ-1 detectors used, mapping fuel elements and the method of signal registration are described. The results of operation of mapping fuel elements during the 2nd period of the KS-150 reactor commissioning are given. (author)

In-core Instrument Subcritical Verification (INCISV) - Core Design Verification Method - 358

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prible, M.C.; Heibel, M.D.; Conner, S.L.; Sebastiani, P.J.; Kistler, D.P.

2010-01-01

According to the standard on reload startup physics testing, ANSI/ANS 19.6.1, a plant must verify that the constructed core behaves sufficiently close to the designed core to confirm that the various safety analyses bound the actual behavior of the plant. A large portion of this verification must occur before the reactor operates at power. The INCISV Core Design Verification Method uses the unique characteristics of a Westinghouse Electric Company fixed in-core self powered detector design to perform core design verification after a core reload before power operation. A Vanadium self powered detector that spans the length of the active fuel region is capable of confirming the required core characteristics prior to power ascension; reactivity balance, shutdown margin, temperature coefficient and power distribution. Using a detector element that spans the length of the active fuel region inside the core provides a signal of total integrated flux. Measuring the integrated flux distributions and changes at various rodded conditions and plant temperatures, and comparing them to predicted flux levels, validates all core necessary core design characteristics. INCISV eliminates the dependence on various corrections and assumptions between the ex-core detectors and the core for traditional physics testing programs. This program also eliminates the need for special rod maneuvers which are infrequently performed by plant operators during typical core design verification testing and allows for safer startup activities. (authors)

Development and manufacturing of special fission chambers for in-core measurement requirements in nuclear reactors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geslot, B.; Berhouet, F.; Oriol, L.; Breaud, S.; Jammes, C.; Filliatre, P.; Villard, J. F. [CEA, DEN, Dosimetry Command Control and Instrumentation Laboratory, F-13109 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance (France)

2009-07-01

The Dosimetry Command control and Instrumentation Laboratory (LDCI) at CEA/Cadarache is specialized in the development, design and manufacturing of miniature fission chambers (from 8 mm down to 1.5 mm in diameter). The LDCI fission chambers workshop specificity is its capacity to manufacture and distribute special fission chambers with fissile deposits other than U{sup 235} (typically Pu{sup 242}, Np{sup 237}, U{sup 238}, Th{sup 232}). We are also able to define the characteristics of the detector for any in-core measurement requirements: sensor geometry, fissile deposit material and mass, filling gas composition and pressure, operating mode (pulse, current or Campbelling) with associated cable and electronics. The fission chamber design relies on numerical simulation and modeling tools developed by the LDCI. One of our present activities in fission chamber applications is to develop a fast neutron flux instrumentation using Campbelling mode dedicated to measurements in material testing reactors. (authors)

Automated in-core image generation from video to aid visual inspection of nuclear power plant cores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murray, Paul, E-mail: paul.murray@strath.ac.uk [Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow, G1 1RD (United Kingdom); West, Graeme; Marshall, Stephen; McArthur, Stephen [Dept. Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Royal College Building, 204 George Street, Glasgow G1 1XW (United Kingdom)

2016-04-15

Highlights: • A method is presented which improves visual inspection of reactor cores. • Significant time savings are made to activities on the critical outage path. • New information is extracted from existing data sources without additional overhead. • Examples from industrial case studies across the UK fleet of AGR stations. - Abstract: Inspection and monitoring of key components of nuclear power plant reactors is an essential activity for understanding the current health of the power plant and ensuring that they continue to remain safe to operate. As the power plants age, and the components degrade from their initial start-of-life conditions, the requirement for more and more detailed inspection and monitoring information increases. Deployment of new monitoring and inspection equipment on existing operational plant is complex and expensive, as the effect of introducing new sensing and imaging equipment to the existing operational functions needs to be fully understood. Where existing sources of data can be leveraged, the need for new equipment development and installation can be offset by the development of advanced data processing techniques. This paper introduces a novel technique for creating full 360° panoramic images of the inside surface of fuel channels from in-core inspection footage. Through the development of this technique, a number of technical challenges associated with the constraints of using existing equipment have been addressed. These include: the inability to calibrate the camera specifically for image stitching; dealing with additional data not relevant to the panorama construction; dealing with noisy images; and generalising the approach to work with two different capture devices deployed at seven different Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor nuclear power plants. The resulting data processing system is currently under formal assessment with a view to replacing the existing manual assembly of in-core defect montages. Deployment of the

In-core nuclear fuel management optimization of VVER1000 using perturbation theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hosseini, Mohammad; Vosoughi, Naser

2011-01-01

In-core nuclear fuel management is one of the most important concerns in the design of nuclear reactors. The two main goals in core fuel loading pattern design optimization are maximizing the core effective multiplication factor in order to extract the maximum energy, and keeping the local power peaking factor lower than a predetermined value to maintain fuel integrity. Because of the numerous possible patterns of the fuel assemblies in the reactor core, finding the best configuration is so important and complex. Different methods for optimization of fuel loading pattern in the core have been introduced so far. In this study, a software is programmed in C ⧣ language to find an order of the fuel loading pattern of the VVER-1000 reactor core using the perturbation theory. Our optimization method is based on minimizing the radial power peaking factor. The optimization process lunches by considering the initial loading pattern and the specifications of the fuel assemblies which are given as the input of the software. It shall be noticed that the designed algorithm is performed by just shuffling the fuel assemblies. The obtained results by employing the mentioned method on a typical reactor reveal that this method has a high precision in achieving a pattern with an allowable radial power peaking factor. (author)

Modernized accurate methods for processing of in-core measurement signals in WWER reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Polak, T.

1996-01-01

Utilization of the new accurate WIMS-KAERI library (WIMKAL-88) to generate the following characteristics for Rhodium SPND: Sensitivity depletion law by high (approx= 75%) burnup of emitter; influence of burnup-history on depletion law course; influence of neutron spectrum change on Rh-SPND sensitivity caused by change of fuel enrichment, fuel burnup, moderator temperature, concentration of boracid, central pin power rate and concentration of Xe 135 ; generating and experimental testing of Rh-SPND signal to linear pin power rate and signal to neutron flux conversion factors. Rh-SPND instrumentation optimization (reduction) related to safety and operational aspects as needed for 3D power surveillance in WWER-1000 reactors. Analysis of SPND reduction from 64x7 to 46x7 by method of Shannon information entropy optimization. Influence of reduction on accuracy of 3D power distribution reconstruction. Physical methods of 3D power distribution unfolding in new modernized on-line I and C system in NPP J. Bohunice with in-core measurements according to 210 thermocouples and 36x7 Rh-SPNDs. Program system TOPRE under QNX operating system network in FORTRAN 77, neutronic background calculations by macrocode MOBY-DICK. (author). 10 refs, 6 figs, 7 tabs

Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) fuel and In-Core Fuel Management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weaver, K.D.; Sterbentz, J.; Meyer, M.; Lowden, R.; Hoffman, E.; Wei, T.Y.C.

2004-01-01

The Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GCFR) has been chosen as one of six candidates for development as a Generation IV nuclear reactor based on: its ability to fully utilize fuel resources; minimize or reduce its own (and other systems) actinide inventory; produce high efficiency electricity; and the possibility to utilize high temperature process heat. Current design approaches include a high temperature (2 850 C) helium cooled reactor using a direct Brayton cycle, and a moderate temperature (550 C - 650 C) helium or supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO 2 ) cooled reactor using direct or indirect Brayton cycles. These design choices have thermal efficiencies that approach 45% to 50%, and have turbomachinery sizes that are much more compact compared to steam plants. However, there are challenges associated with the GCFR, which are the focus of current research. This includes safety system design for decay heat removal, development of high temperature/high fluence fuels and materials, and development of fuel cycle strategies. The work presented here focuses on the fuel and preliminary in-core fuel management, where advanced ceramic-ceramic (cercer) dispersion fuels are the main focus, and average burnups to 266 M Wd/kg appear achievable for the reference Si C/(U,TRU)C block/plate fuel. Solid solution (pellet) fuel in composite ceramic clad (Si C/Si C) is also being considered, but remains as a backup due to cladding fabrication challenges, and high centerline temperatures in the fuel. (Author)

A class-based search for the in-core fuel management optimization of a pressurized water reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvarenga de Moura Meneses, Anderson; Rancoita, Paola; Schirru, Roberto; Gambardella, Luca Maria

2010-01-01

The In-Core Fuel Management Optimization (ICFMO) is a prominent problem in nuclear engineering, with high complexity and studied for more than 40 years. Besides manual optimization and knowledge-based methods, optimization metaheuristics such as Genetic Algorithms, Ant Colony Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization have yielded outstanding results for the ICFMO. In the present article, the Class-Based Search (CBS) is presented for application to the ICFMO. It is a novel metaheuristic approach that performs the search based on the main nuclear characteristics of the fuel assemblies, such as reactivity. The CBS is then compared to the one of the state-of-art algorithms applied to the ICFMO, the Particle Swarm Optimization. Experiments were performed for the optimization of Angra 1 Nuclear Power Plant, located at the Southeast of Brazil. The CBS presented noticeable performance, providing Loading Patterns that yield a higher average of Effective Full Power Days in the simulation of Angra 1 NPP operation, according to our methodology.

A class-based search for the in-core fuel management optimization of a pressurized water reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alvarenga de Moura Meneses, Anderson, E-mail: ameneses@lmp.ufrj.b [Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Nuclear Engineering Program, CP 68509, CEP 21.941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Rancoita, Paola [IDSIA (Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence), Galleria 2, 6982 Manno-Lugano, TI (Switzerland); Mathematics Department, Universita degli Studi di Milano (Italy); Schirru, Roberto [Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Nuclear Engineering Program, CP 68509, CEP 21.941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Gambardella, Luca Maria [IDSIA (Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence), Galleria 2, 6982 Manno-Lugano, TI (Switzerland)

2010-11-15

The In-Core Fuel Management Optimization (ICFMO) is a prominent problem in nuclear engineering, with high complexity and studied for more than 40 years. Besides manual optimization and knowledge-based methods, optimization metaheuristics such as Genetic Algorithms, Ant Colony Optimization and Particle Swarm Optimization have yielded outstanding results for the ICFMO. In the present article, the Class-Based Search (CBS) is presented for application to the ICFMO. It is a novel metaheuristic approach that performs the search based on the main nuclear characteristics of the fuel assemblies, such as reactivity. The CBS is then compared to the one of the state-of-art algorithms applied to the ICFMO, the Particle Swarm Optimization. Experiments were performed for the optimization of Angra 1 Nuclear Power Plant, located at the Southeast of Brazil. The CBS presented noticeable performance, providing Loading Patterns that yield a higher average of Effective Full Power Days in the simulation of Angra 1 NPP operation, according to our methodology.

A unified methodology for single- and multiobjective in-core fuel management optimisation based on augmented Chebyshev scalarisation and a harmony search algorithm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schlünz, E.B.; Bokov, P.M.; Prinsloo, R.H.; Vuuren, J.H. van

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Unified methodology for in-core fuel management optimisation (ICFMO). • Addresses single- and multiobjective constrained and unconstrained ICFMO problems. • Augmented Chebyshev scalarising objective function with additive penalty function. • Harmony search algorithm yields high-quality solution or approximate Pareto set. • Methodology provides cycle-to-cycle optimisation decision support capabilities. - Abstract: The in-core fuel management optimisation (ICFMO) problem is the problem of finding an optimal fuel reload configuration for a nuclear reactor core. ICFMO may involve the pursuit of a single or multiple objectives, while satisfying several constraints. Very little multiobjective ICFMO research involving the fundamental notion of Pareto optimality has, however, been performed. In this paper, a unified methodology is proposed for the modelling and solution of single- and multiobjective ICFMO problems, be they constrained or unconstrained. With this methodology, ICFMO problems incorporating a variety of objectives and/or constraints may be modelled and solved rapidly, thus providing a cycle-to-cycle optimisation decision support capability for nuclear reactors. An augmented Chebyshev scalarising objective function is incorporated in the methodology for modelling any number of objectives, while an additive penalty function handles potential constraints. Furthermore, an adapted harmony search algorithm is used to solve a given ICFMO problem. The algorithm is able to yield a single solution or a nondominated set of solutions as result (depending on the number of objectives in a problem). The applicability of the methodology is demonstrated by solving (approximately) a variety of ICFMO test problems for the SAFARI-1 nuclear research reactor. The results indicate that the methodology may be used as an effective decision support tool for reactor operators tasked with designing reload configurations from cycle to cycle.

Cultivo de Oncidium baueri Lindley (Orchidaceae) em substratos a base de coco

OpenAIRE

Assis,Adriane Marinho de; Faria,Ricardo Tadeu de; Unemoto,Lilian Keiko; Colombo,Larissa Abgariani

2008-01-01

Entre os substratos utilizados no cultivo de orquídeas, a fibra de coco vem se destacando como promissor substituto do xaxim, material utilizado por muitos produtores e colecionadores de orquídeas, porém ameaçado de extinção. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, foi avaliar a eficiência de substratos à base de coco, no cultivo da orquídea Oncidium baueri. As mudas foram cultivadas em vasos de polipropileno, permanecendo em viveiro com 50% de luminosidade. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de xaxim desf...

Regeneração óssea guiada com o uso de membrana de copolímero PLA/PGA em levantamento da membrana do seio maxilar: estudo experimental com análises histomorfométrica e imunoistoquímica

OpenAIRE

Bomfim, Bianca Bravim [UNESP

2015-01-01

A utilização de biomateriais em implantodontia, principalmente em casos em que o leito receptor do implante apresenta quantidade e qualidade ósseas inadequadas, se torna importante. Diversos estudos mostram a possibilidade do usar copolímeros de PLA/PGA, no entanto, estes mesmos estudos mostram que a proporção de PLA e PGA irá influenciar a taxa de degradação do copolímero. Portanto, objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o comportamento biológico do copolímero de PLA/PGA como substitutos ósseos p...

Aprendizagem na educação online: análise de conceito

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viviane Rolim de Holanda

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se clarificar o conceito aprendizagem na educação online, expresso pela literatura da área da saúde. Trata-se de um estudo de análise de conceito, baseado nas etapas do Modelo Evolucionário, destacando-se os atributos, antecedentes, consequentes e termos substitutos. No contexto do ensino online, a aprendizagem é expressa por um processo dinâmico e contínuo de construção ativa do conhecimento e aquisição de habilidades, com separação física entre alunos e professores. Entre os eventos antecedentes abordados sobressaíram: interesse e motivação para aprender; dedicação e autogerenciamento do tempo; interação e ferramentas de comunicação. Quanto aos principais consequentes evidenciados mencionam-se: autonomia do aluno; estudo independente e ativo; e construção do próprio conhecimento. Como termos substitutos predominantes sugiram aprendizagem colaborativa e autoaprendizagem. A compreensão do conceito poderá contribuir para a sua aplicação nas práticas de ensino de enfermagem em ambientes virtuais.

The wide range in-core neutron measurement system used in the Windscale AGR concluding experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goodings, A.; Budd, J.; Wilson, I.

1982-06-01

The Windscale AGR Concluding Experiments included a comparison of theoretical and experimental power transients and required measurements of neutron flux as a function of position and time within the reactor core. These measurements were specified to cover as wide as possible working range and had to be made against the in-core gamma background of up to 4 x 10 7 R(hr) - 1 . The detectors were required to operate in special, channels cooled by reactor inlet carbon dioxide and the overall system needed a response time such that it could follow transients with doubling times down to 2s with an accuracy of 2 or 3%. These problems were solved by the use of gas ion fission chambers operating in the current fluctuation or Campbelling mode with unusually low filling pressures and fitted with special trilaminax mineral insulated cables. Ten detectors were built and nine were installed in the reactor, three in each of three special stringers at different radial positions. The paper describes the specification against which this system was built, the design process for the detectors, and commissioning experiments together with some of the problems which were encountered. (U.K.)

First in-core simultaneous measurements of nuclear heating and thermal neutron flux obtained with the innovative mobile calorimeter CALMOS inside the OSIRIS reactor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lepeltier, Valerie; Bubendorff, Jacques; Carcreff, Hubert [Nuclear studies and reactor irradiation Service, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette (France); Salmon, Laurent [Thermalhydraulics and Fluid Mechanics Section, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif sur Yvette, (France)

2015-07-01

Nuclear heating inside a MTR reactor has to be known in order to design and to run irradiation experiments which have to fulfill target temperature constraints. This measurement is usually carried out by calorimetry. The innovative calorimetric system, CALMOS, has been studied and built in 2011 for the 70 MWth OSIRIS reactor operated by CEA. Thanks to a new type of calorimetric probe, associated to a specific displacement system, it provides measurements along the fissile height and above the core. This development required preliminary modelling and irradiation of mock-ups of the calorimetric probe in the ex-core area, where nuclear heating rate does not exceed 2 W.g{sup -1}. The calorimeter working modes, the different measurement procedures allowed with such a new probe, the main modeling and experimental results and expected advantages of this new technique have been already presented. However, these first in-core measurements were not performed beyond 6 W.g{sup -1}, due to an inside temperature limitation imposed by a safety authority requirement. In this paper, we present the first in-core simultaneous measurements of nuclear heating and conventional thermal neutron flux obtained by the CALMOS device at the 70 MW nominal reactor power. For the first time, this experimental system was operated in nominal in-core conditions, with nominal neutron flux up to 2.7 10{sup 14} n.cm{sup -2}.s{sup -1} and nuclear heating up to 12 W.g{sup -1}. A comprehensive measurement campaign carried out from 2013 to 2015 inside all accessible irradiation locations of the core, allowed to qualify definitively this new device, not only in terms of measurement ability but also in terms of reliability. After a brief reminder of the calorimetric cell configuration and displacement system specificities, first nuclear heating distributions at nominal power are presented and discussed. In order to reinforce the heating evaluation, a systematic comparison is made between results obtained by

In-core program for on line measurements of neutron, photon and nuclear heating parameters inside Jules Horowitz MTR reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lyoussi, A.; Reynard-Carette, C.

2014-01-01

Accurate on-line measurements of key parameters inside experimental channels of Material Testing Reactor are necessary to dimension the irradiation devices and consequently to conduct smart experiments on fuels and materials under suitable conditions. In particular the quantification of nuclear heating, a relevant parameter to reach adapted thermal conditions, has to be improved. These works focus on an important collaborative program between CEA and Aix-Marseille University called INCORE (Instrumentation for Nuclear radiations and Calorimetry On-line in Reactor) dedicated to the development of a new measurement methodology to quantify both nuclear heating and accurate radiation flux levels (neutrons and photons). The methodology, which is based on experiments carried out under irradiation conditions with a multi-sensor device (ionization chamber, fission chamber, gamma thermometer, calorimeter, SPND, SPGD) as well as works performed out-of nuclear/radiative environment on a reference sensor used to measure nuclear heating (calorimeter), is presented (authors)

SELEÇÃO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE LINHAGENS BACTERIANAS PRODUTORAS DO BIOPLÁSTICO POLI(3-HIDROXIBUTIRATO)

OpenAIRE

Rodrigues, Amanda Avila; Macagnan, Karine Laste; Santos, Bruna Coi dos; Alves, Mariane Igansi; Moura, Andrea Bittencourt; Peralba, Maria do Carmo Ruaro; Oliveira, Patrícia Diaz de; Pinto, Luciano da Silva; Dellagostin, Odir Antonio; Moreira, Angelita da Silveira; Vendruscolo, Claire Tondo

2015-01-01

Poli(3hidroxibutirato) ou P(3HB) é um bioplástico biodegradável e biocompatível da família dos polihidroxialcanoatos com propriedades térmicas e mecânicas semelhantes ao polipropileno. Isso os torna possíveis substitutos dos plásticos convencionais e lhes confere ampla possibilidade de aplicação em itens de descarte rápido, como embalagens, e em produtos para saúde. P(3HB) e outros polihidroxialcanoatos são sintetizados por bioprocessos onde bactérias convertem a fonte de carbono em corpos li...

Composição centesimal e aceitação de lingüiça elaborada com reduzido teor de gordura e adicionada de concentrados protéicos de soro de leite

OpenAIRE

Ferreira,Ana Cláudia Brandi; Fonseca,Leorges Moraes da; Santos,Wagner Luiz Moreira dos

2009-01-01

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a composição centesimal e aceitação de lingüiças de carne suína fabricadas com Concentrado Protéico do Soro (WPC) ou com concentrado protéico, com elevado teor de b-lactoglobulina, como substitutos da gordura. Foram realizados sete tratamentos, um grupo controle, contendo 20% de gordura, e seis tratamentos com reduzido teor de gordura, contendo diferentes níveis de adição de WPC ou de fração de b-lactoglobulina, a saber, três tratamentos com 10% de gordura e ad...

Caracterização de revestimentos de nitreto de titânio para implantes dentários e aditamentos protéticos

OpenAIRE

Neves, Patrícia Domingues Prior

2017-01-01

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz Introdução: O titânio é conhecido pelas excelentes características como biocompatibilidade, resistência à corrosão, baixa citotoxicidade e por potenciar a osteointegração, sendo o biomaterial de eleição para implantes dentários. Apesar das distintas características têm sido mencionadas algumas limitações. Neste contexto, o nitreto de titânio afigura-se um substituto promissor, respondendo com ...

Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni extract clarification by cactus Cereus peruvianus

OpenAIRE

Fernandes, Larissa Maria; UEM; Pereira, Nehemias Curvelo; UEM; Mendes, Elisabete Scolin; UEM; da Motta Lima, Oswaldo Curty; UEM; da Costa, Silvio Claudio; UEM

2008-01-01

A tendência das indústrias que se preocupam em promover a saúde e prevenir doenças está em investir no desenvolvimento de tecnologias para produção de alimentos com baixas calorias e reduzido teor de gordura, mantendo suas qualidades nutricionais. Um dos estudos mais freqüentes é a substituição do açúcar por edulcorantes não calóricos, com a preocupação que estes substitutos sejam semelhantes em função organoléptica. Nas folhas da planta conhecida como Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni (Aster...

ANÁLISE E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SORVETE A BASE DE PROTEÍNA

OpenAIRE

Reck, Isabela Maria; Universidade Estadual de Maringa; Gazeloto, Sarah Alves; Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM – Maringá/PR – Brasil; Souza Junior, Robson Camillo de; Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM – Maringá/PR – Brasil; Santos, Adriana Vieira dos; Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM – Maringá/PR – Brasil; Henschel, Marcela Tiemi Nakayama; Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM – Maringá/PR – Brasil; Madrona, Grasiele Scaramal; Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM – Maringá/PR – Brasil

2016-01-01

A preocupação com a saúde elevou a demanda por produtos naturais e saudáveis, assim, elevando o rendimento físicos de atletas e não atletas, levou ao aumento do consumo de suplementos que potencializam esse efeito. O sorvete é um produto que agrada aos mais variados paladares e as proteínas contribuem para o desenvolvimento da estrutura do sorvete. As proteínas auxiliam na manutenção do músculo e outros tecidos e pode ser utilizada como substituto de gorduras na formulação. O trabalho teve co...

Utilização de plasma rico ou pobre em plaquetas, associado ou não a enxerto ósseo cortical alógeno, na reparação cirúrgica de falha ulnar em ovinos

OpenAIRE

Silveira, Patrícia Rodrigues da [UNESP

2009-01-01

A enxertia óssea alógena na ortopedia veterinária é meio seguro e de eleição na reposição de perdas e falhas ósseas em fraturas ou ressecções amplas. A glicerina a 98% é excelente meio de conservação de tecido ósseo, possui efeito bactericida, baixo custo e simplicidade operacional. O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é produto orgânico, derivado do sangue autógeno, utilizado como fonte autógena de fatores de crescimento combinado aos diferentes enxertos e substitutos ósseos. O plasma pobre em p...

Review of some problems encountered with In-Core Fission chambers and Self-Powered Neutron Detectors in PWR's. Tests - Present use - Outlook on the near future

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duchene, Jean; Verdant, Robert.

1979-01-01

The working conditions of in-core detectors are investigated as well as some reliability problems which depend on nuclear environment (such as decrease of sensibility, loss of insulation...). Then we review the long-term irradiation tests in experimental reactor that have been carried out by the CEA these last years, with fission chambers (FC) and Self-Powered Detectors (SPD). The travelling probe system with moveable FC used in the 900 MWe PWR is briefly described. Finally an outlook on future possibilities is given; for instance the use of fixed SPD and a moveable FC in the same thimble, allowing recalibration of the fixed detectors [fr

Performance Evaluation of the Concept of Hybrid Heat Pipe as Passive In-core Cooling Systems for Advanced Nuclear Power Plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeong, Yeong Shin; Kim, Kyung Mo; Kim, In Guk; Bang, In Cheol

2015-01-01

As an arising issue for inherent safety of nuclear power plant, the concept of hybrid heat pipe as passive in-core cooling systems was introduced. Hybrid heat pipe has unique features that it is inserted in core directly to remove decay heat from nuclear fuel without any changes of structures of existing facilities of nuclear power plant, substituting conventional control rod. Hybrid heat pipe consists of metal cladding, working fluid, wick structure, and neutron absorber. Same with working principle of the heat pipe, heat is transported by phase change of working fluid inside metal cask. Figure 1 shows the systematic design of the hybrid heat pipe cooling system. In this study, the concept of a hybrid heat pipe was introduced as a Passive IN-core Cooling Systems (PINCs) and demonstrated for internal design features of heat pipe containing neutron absorber. Using a commercial CFD code, single hybrid heat pipe model was analyzed to evaluate thermal performance in designated operating condition. Also, 1-dimensional reactor transient analysis was done by calculating temperature change of the coolant inside reactor pressure vessel using MATLAB. As a passive decay heat removal device, hybrid heat pipe was suggested with a concept of combination of heat pipe and control rod. Hybrid heat pipe has distinct feature that it can be a unique solution to cool the reactor when depressurization process is impossible so that refueling water cannot be injected into RPV by conventional ECCS. It contains neutron absorber material inside heat pipe, so it can stop the reactor and at the same time, remove decay heat in core. For evaluating the concept of hybrid heat pipe, its thermal performance was analyzed using CFD and one-dimensional transient analysis. From single hybrid heat pipe simulation, the hybrid heat pipe can transport heat from the core inside to outside about 18.20 kW, and total thermal resistance of hybrid heat pipe is 0.015 .deg. C/W. Due to unique features of long heat

Modernization project of the rod control system and in-core instrumentation system for 34 units of the 900 MW French EDF fleet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tavolara, Ivan; Desgeorge, Romain; Verburgh, Pierre

2014-01-01

Rolls-Royce and Cegelec, in partnership, carry out a unique and considerable modernisation project of two Instrumentation and Control (I and C) systems for the entire 900 MWe fleet of Electricite De France (EDF). Both rod control (RCS) and reactor in-core measurement (RIC) systems are to be modernised in the frame of the third ten-year renovation of all 34 reactor units over 9 power plants. The RCS contributes to the control of nuclear power by actuating control rod drive mechanisms that allow insertion or withdrawal of control rods. The RCS has also monitoring functions such as controlling the actual rods' position as well as the functional consistency between commands and actual positions. The RIC system measures in-core neutron flux, providing useful information to the control room as well as to the reactor unit computer for further processing. The renovated systems shall replace the existing ageing analog technology by modern digital technology based on PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers) and FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) in the case of power subassemblies of RCS. Both systems rely for certain functions on a common network linking the RCS and RIC networks, improving operations and maintenance thanks to a powerful Man Machine Interface at the different locations of the systems with an extensive suite of tools and diagnostic menus. The project whose design phase started in July 2006 is now in its deployment phase after the successful site implementation of both systems at the first of kind units of Tricastin and Fessenheim power plants, respectively in August 2009 and February 2010. With 20 units in operation in 2014, the deployment shall continue with the other 14 until 2020. Rolls-Royce has a broad range of civil nuclear expertise, including work related to licensing and safety reviews, engineering design, supply chain management, manufacturing, installation and commissioning of the nuclear island systems and equipment, as well as operational

El CO2 como disolvente y como reactivo

OpenAIRE

La Franca Pitarresi, Vincenzo Rosario

2016-01-01

Existen numerosas ventajas asociada con el uso de CO2 , tanto como disolvente que como reactivo, y todas se pueden resumir en cuatro categorías generales: beneficios ambiental, beneficios de salud y seguridad, beneficios en el procedimiento y beneficios químicos. Los procesos que implican el CO2 como disolvente no aumentaría las emisiones de CO2, más bien proporcionaría una oportunidad para el reciclaje de CO2 residual. Además, los esfuerzos para secuestrar el CO2 producido de los gases de co...

Aprendizagem profissional: a docência na biblioteconomiaProfessional learning: higher education in the library science

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edileuda Soares Diniz

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo qualitativa, cuja finalidade esteve voltada para conhecer a trajetória da aprendizagem profissional de docência dos professores substitutos do Curso de Biblioteconomia da UFMT/Campus de Rondonópolis dos anos de 2005 a 2007. Buscou-se especificamente examinar como esses docentes substitutos apreendem sua prática pedagógica. A metodologia que mais se adequou ao propósito do estudo foi a investigação qualitativa em educação, tendo o diário como técnica escolhida, por ser o instrumento apropriado a esse tipo de pesquisa, de modo a possibilitar a coleta de dados por meio da produção reflexiva do total de cinco participantes da pesquisa. Constatou-se, ao final, a necessidade de um preparo adequado para exercer a profissão de professor no Ensino Superior.This work deals with a qualitative research that aims to acknowledge professional learning on behalf of substitute professors of the Graduation in Library Science at UFMT/ Rondonópolis Campus from 2005 to 2007. Specifically, the research aims to examine the way these professors learn in order to perform pedagogical practices. The methodology that was more adequate was qualitative investigation in education. Thus, a diary was the chosen technique. It is perceived as an appropriate instrument for this kind of research. It enables data collection by means of reflexive production of participants, five in all. It was the end, the need for adequate preparation for the exercise of professorial activities in higher education.

Small angle neutron scattering study of nano sized microstructure in Fe-Cr ODS steels for gen IV in-core applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Young-Soo; Mao, Xiadong; Jang, Jinsung

2013-11-01

The nano-sized microstructures in Fe-Cr oxide dispersion strengthened steel for Gen IV in-core applications were studied using small angle neutron scattering. The oxide dispersion strengthened steel was manufactured through hot isostatic pressing with various chemical compositions and fabrication conditions. Small angle neutron scattering experiments were performed using a 40 m small angle neutron scattering instrument at HANARO. Nano sized microstructures, namely, yttrium oxides and Cr-oxides were quantitatively analyzed by small angle neutron scattering. The yttrium oxides and Cr-oxides were also observed by transmission electron microscopy. The microstructural analysis results from small angle neutron scattering were compared with those obtained by transmission electron microscopy. The effects of the chemical compositions and fabrication conditions on the microstructure were investigated in relation to the quantitative microstructural analysis results obtained by small angle neutron scattering. The volume fraction of Y-oxide increases after fabrication, and this result is considered to be due to the formation of non-stochiometric Y-Ti-oxides.

Steam generation: fossil-fired systems: utility boilers; industrial boilers; boiler auxillaries; nuclear systems: boiling water; pressurized water; in-core fuel management; steam-cycle systems: condensate/feedwater; circulating water; water treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1982-01-01

A survey of development in steam generation is presented. First, fossil-fired systems are described. Progress in the design of utility and industrial boilers as well as in boiler auxiliaries is traced. Improvements in coal pulverizers, burners that cut pollution and improve efficiency, fans, air heaters and economisers are noted. Nuclear systems are then described, including the BWR and PWR reactors, in-core fuel management techniques are described. Finally, steam-cycle systems for fossil-fired and nuclear power plants are reviewed. Condensate/feedwater systems, circulating water systems, cooling towers, and water treatment systems are discussed

Carolee Schneemann. El cine como autobiografía, la artista como actriz, el cuerpo como pincel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Barbaño González-Moreno

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo analiza la relación de cine y mujer a partir de la obra fílmica de Carolee Schneemann, principalmente de su obra autobiográfica Fuses (1964-1966. Desde ella, se plantea el papel de la artista como productora, directora y protagonista principal de todas sus obras. Reflexionamos así sobre el rol del creador-director como actor que derivaría en la consecución de una obra cinematográfica de tintes necesariamente autobiográficos. Asumiendo la visión vanguardista del cine como diario personal/Entendido el cine como diario personal, Schneemann va a explorar en su obra diferentes aspectos de la identidad y la sexualidad de la mujer en un cine artístico, alternativo y de tendencia política feminista. Entendido/Asumido su cine como elemento plástico, la artista explorará de forma paralela la experimentación matérica y física a través de los cuerpos filmados así como de la propia materialidad de la película, excluyendo toda posibilidad narrativa, dramática e ilusoria de proyección del espectador en el espacio cinematográfico y el espacio privado del creador.

Quantification of cost of margin associated with in-core nuclear fuel management for a PWR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kropaczek, D.J.; Turinsky, P.J.

1989-01-01

The problem of in-core nuclear fuel management optimization is discussed. The problem is to determine the location of core material, such as the fuel and burnable poisons, so as to minimize (maximize) a stated objective within engineering constraints. Typical objectives include maximization of cycle energy production or discharged fuel exposure, and minimization of power peaking factor or reactor vessel fluence. Constraints include discharge burnup limits and one or more of the possible objectives if not selected as the objective. The optimization problem can be characterized as a large combinatorial problem with nonlinear objective function and constraints, which are likely to be active. The authors have elected to employ the integer Monte Carlo programming method to address this optimization problem because of the just-noted problem characteristics. To evaluate the core physics characteristics as a function of fuel loading pattern, second-order accurate perturbation theory is employed with successive application to improve estimates of the optimum loading pattern. No constraints on fuel movement other than requiring quarter-core symmetry were imposed. In this paper the authors employed this methodology to address a related problem. The problem being addressed can be stated as What is the cost associated with margin? Specifically, they wish to assign some financial value in terms of increased levelized fuel cycle cost associated with an increase in core margin of some type, such as power peaking factor

Avaliação biomecânica dos tendões dos músculos tibiais e proposta de sua utilização como aloenxertos nas reconstruções do ligamento cruzado anterior

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Viegas Alexandre de Christo

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar as propriedades mecânicas dos tendões dos músculos tibial anterior (TA e tibial posterior (TP, o autor realizou ensaios mecânicos com tendões extraídos de 18 cadáveres humanos frescos, do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 45,2 ± 10,7 anos. Os tendões foram divididos em dois grupos e armazenados a -20°C e a -86°C durante 30 a 90 dias antes dos testes. Depois de descongelados, foram feitas medidas da área de secção transversa dos tendões e ensaios mecânicos de tração até a ruptura a uma velocidade de aplicação de carga de 20 mm/min. Foram determinadas as seguintes propriedades biomecânicas: resistência máxima, coeficiente de rigidez, módulo de elasticidade e alongamento máximo relativo; os dados obtidos foram comparados aos existentes na literatura relativos ao ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA e seus substitutos mais utilizados. A comparação dos dados obtidos neste estudo com os estudos biomecânicos feitos por outros autores nos permitiu observar que o TA e o TP apresentam propriedades mecânicas que os tornam possíveis substitutos do LCA nos casos em que a necessidade de enxertos alógenos se impuser.

Biopróteses de pericárdio bovino Fisics-Incor: 15 anos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

POMERANTZEFF Pablo M. A.

1997-01-01

Full Text Available No período de março de 1982 a dezembro de 1995 foram implantadas biopróteses de pericárdio bovino Fisics-Incor em 2259 pacientes. A média de idade foi de 47,2 ± 17,5 anos e 55% eram do sexo masculino. A principal etiologia das lesões foi a febre reumática em 1031 (45,7% pacientes. Foram realizadas 1073 substituições da valva aórtica, 1085 mitral, 195 mitro-aórtica, 27 tricúspide e 16 substituições combinadas. Cirurgias associadas foram realizadas em 788 (32,9% pacientes, predominando a plástica da valva tricúspide (9,2% e a revascularização do miocárdio (7,7%. A mortalidade hospitalar global foi de 194 (8,6% pacientes, 8,6% na substituição mitral isolada, 4,7% na aórtica e 12,8% na mitro-aórtica. As taxas linearizadas para os eventos calcificação, tromboembolismo, rotura, escape e endocardite são, respectivamente: 1,1%; 0,2%; 0,9%; 0,1% e 0,5% pacientes/ano. A curva actuarial de sobrevida é de 56,7% ± 5,4% em 15 anos. Livre de endocardite foi de 91,9% ± 2%, livre de tromboembolismo de 95 ± 1,7%, livre de rotura de 43,7 ± 19,8%, livre de escape 98,9 ± 4,5% e livre de calcificação de 48,8 ± 7,9% em 15 anos. No pós-operatório tardio 1614 (80,6% pacientes encontram-se em classe funcional I (NYHA. Podemos concluir que os pacientes submetidos a implante de biopróteses de pericárdio bovino apresentaram evolução satisfatória.

Effect of in-core instrumentation mounting location on external reactor vessel cooling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suh, Jungsoo; Ha, Huiun

2017-01-01

Highlights: • Numerical simulations were conducted for the evaluation of an IVR-ERVC application. • The ULPU-V experiment was simulated for the validation of numerical method. • The effect of ICI mounting location on an IVR-ERVC application was investigated. • TM-ICI is founded to be superior to BM-ICI for successful application of IVR-ERVC. - Abstract: The effect of in-core instrumentation (ICI) mounting location on the application of in-vessel corium retention through external reactor vessel cooling (IVR-ERVC), used to mitigate severe accidents in which the nuclear fuel inside the reactor vessel becomes molten, was investigated. Numerical simulations of the subcooled boiling flow within an advanced pressurized-water reactor (PWR) in IVR-ERVC applications were conducted for the cases of top-mounted ICI (TM-ICI) and bottom-mounted ICI (BM-ICI), using the commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-CFX. Shear stress transport (SST) and the RPI model were used for turbulence closure and subcooled flow boiling, respectively. To validate the numerical method for IVR applications, numerical simulations of ULPU-V experiments were also conducted. The BM-ICI reactor vessel was modeled using a simplified design of an advanced PWR with BM-ICI; the TM-ICI counterpart was modeled by removing the ICI parts from the original geometry. It was found that TM-ICI was superior to BM-ICI for successful application of IVR-ERVC. For the BM-ICI case, the flow field was complicated because of the existence of ICIs and a significant temperature gradient was observed near the ICI nozzles on the lower part of the reactor vessel, where the ICIs were attached. These observations suggest that the existence of ICI below the reactor vessel hinders reactor vessel cooling.

Palha de soja (Glycine max como substituto parcial da silagem de sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor ( L. Moench na alimentação de terneiros de corte confinados Soybean straw (Glycine max as a partial substitute of sorghum silage (Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench in the feeding of confined calves

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Restle

2000-04-01

Full Text Available O experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a utilização da palha de soja como substituto parcial da silagem de sorgo forrageiro na fração volumosa da dieta de terneiros confinados, sendo testados os seguintes tratamentos: T0 constituído por 100% de silagem de sorgo; T33 constituído por 66,67% de silagem de sorgo, mais 33,33% de feno de palha de soja; T66 constituído por 33,33% de silagem de sorgo, mais 66,67% de feno de palha de soja. As dietas foram fornecidas durante 77 dias para terneiros cruzas Charolês-Nelore com peso e idade média inicial de 165,6kg e 11 meses, respectivamente. A dieta alimentar foi isonitrogenada com 14% de proteína bruta (PB na matéria seca (MS, sendo 20% suprida na forma de uréia. A relação volumoso:concentrado com base na MS, foi de 70:30. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão sendo obtidas as seguintes equações de regressão: para ganho de peso médio diário em kg (GMD = 1,166273 - 0,00186 PI (peso inicial - 0,00351 NS (nível de substituição; consumo médio diário de MS em kg/100 kg peso vivo/dia (CMSPPV = 2,284983 + 0,002679 PI - 0,002303 NS; consumo médio diário de energia digestível Mcal/100kg peso vivo/dia (CEDPPV = 5,709589 + 0,010964 PI - 0,018736 NS; conversão alimentar (CA = - 4,426857 + 0,064579 PI + 0,023165 NS. Verificou-se que a cada aumento de 1% na substituição da silagem de sorgo por feno de palha de soja, ocorreu um decréscimo de 3,51g no GMD e 2,3g no CMSPPV, enquanto que a conversão alimentar piorou em 0,023 unidades. O aumento na proporção de palha de soja na dieta em substituição à silagem de sorgo resultou em um decréscimo linear no desempenho dos animais. No entanto, mesmo no maior nível de substituição, o ganho de peso médio diário foi satisfatório.The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the use of soybean straw as partial substitute for sorghum silage in the roughage fraction of the diet of confined calves, being tested the following

Modernization project of the rod control system and in-core instrumentation system for 34 units of the 900 MW French EDF fleet

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tavolara, Ivan; Verburgh, Pierre; Menager, Antoine

2010-01-01

Rolls-Royce and Cegelec, in partnership, carry out a unique and considerable modernisation project of two Instrumentation and Control (I and C) systems for the entire 900 MWe fleet of Electricite De France (EDF). Both rod control (RCS) and reactor in-core measurement (RIC) systems are to be modernised in the frame of the third ten-year renovation of all 34 reactor units over 9 power plants. The RCS contributes to the control of nuclear power by actuating control rod drive mechanisms that allow insertion or withdrawal of control rods. The RCS has also monitoring functions such as controlling the actual rods' position as well as the functional consistency between commands and actual positions. The RIC system measures in-core neutron flux, providing useful information to the control room as well as to the reactor unit computer for further processing. The renovated systems shall replace the existing ageing analog technology by modern digital technology based on PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers) and FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) in the case of power subassemblies of RCS. Both systems rely for certain functions on a common network linking the RCS and RIC networks, improving operations and maintenance thanks to a powerful Man Machine Interface at the different locations of the systems with an extensive suite of tools and diagnostic menus. The project whose design phase started in July 2006 is now in its deployment phase after the successful site implementation of both systems at the first units of Tricastin and Fessenheim power plants, respectively in August 2009 and February 2010. The deployment shall continue with the other 32 units until 2020. Rolls-Royce has a broad range of civil nuclear expertise, including work related to licensing and safety reviews, engineering design, supply chain management, manufacturing, installation and commissioning of the nuclear island systems and equipment, as well as operational management through life support. Cegelec, with

pH, y algunos datos de excreción urinaria azoada en los niños

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Camacho Gamba

1942-08-01

Full Text Available En el niño lo más trascendental y lo que domina a la simple observación, es esa fuerza innata que impulsa a todas sus células al aumento incesante para llegar a una meta preconcebida y predeterminada por la herencia para cada individuo; es así como todas sus funciones concurren a ese fin. Por otra parte, cualquier alteración microbiana u orgánica que llegare a desorganizar estas funciones, al instante modifica el ritmo natural del crecimiento. Por eso el estudio dei metabolismo que se cumple con los alimentos, tiene tanta importancia en estos seres destinados a evolucionar y a sufrir también en su evolución las alteraciones de alguna de sus funcíones. El niño, para llenar estas finalidades, cuenta, sobre todo en los primeros meses, con lo que la naturaleza le ha dado como alimento óptimo: la leche materna, y cuando ésta falta, viene el alimento artificial que la ciencia se ha esforzado en hallarle como substituto apropiado.

Aplicação de substituto de pele em oncologia cutânea: estudo experimental com derme acelular e ceratinócitos cultivados Application of skin substitutes in skin oncology: experimental study using acellular dermis and cultured keratinocytes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Anselmo Lofêgo Filho

2008-02-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTOS: As neoplasias malignas da pele de grandes dimensões apresentam dificuldades de reconstrução após a excisão. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a exeqüibilidade de uma nova proposta de cobertura para feridas cirúrgicas criadas após a ressecção de grandes tumores cutâneos, a combinação da derme acelular humana com epitélio autólogo cultivado. MÉTODOS: A aplicação dos substitutos de pele foi feita em quatro pacientes com área de implante variando de 33 a 120 cm2. Além da observação dos resultados clínicos, realizou-se estudo morfológico para avaliação da integração dos implantes. RESULTADOS: Ceratinócitos autólogos cultivados foram enxertados em dois pacientes e não demonstraram integração. A derme acelular foi aplicada em quatro pacientes, sendo que em um deles foram feitas duas aplicações. Dos cinco implantes de derme acelular realizados, dois não apresentaram integração, em dois a integração foi de 70%, e de 50% no último. CONCLUSÃO: A cobertura imediata e definitiva de defeitos cirúrgicos através da aplicação de derme acelular humana combinada com epitélio autólogo cultivado é exeqüível. Em oncologia cutânea apenas em situações especiais o uso de substitutos de pele pode ser conveniente no sentido de evitar reconstruções mais complexas.BACKGROUND: Reconstruction difficulties may arise after excision of large malignant skin neoplasms.a OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of a new coverage for surgical wounds following resection of large skin tumors: a combination of human acellular dermis with cultured autologous epithelium. METHODS: The skin substitute was implanted in four patients, one of them received two implants and the area ranged from 33 to 120 cm2. Clinical results and morphologic studies were assessed as to implant integration. RESULTS: Cultured autologous epithelium was grafted in two patients and no integration was

Heuristic rules embedded genetic algorithm for in-core fuel management optimization

Science.gov (United States)

Alim, Fatih

The objective of this study was to develop a unique methodology and a practical tool for designing loading pattern (LP) and burnable poison (BP) pattern for a given Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) core. Because of the large number of possible combinations for the fuel assembly (FA) loading in the core, the design of the core configuration is a complex optimization problem. It requires finding an optimal FA arrangement and BP placement in order to achieve maximum cycle length while satisfying the safety constraints. Genetic Algorithms (GA) have been already used to solve this problem for LP optimization for both PWR and Boiling Water Reactor (BWR). The GA, which is a stochastic method works with a group of solutions and uses random variables to make decisions. Based on the theories of evaluation, the GA involves natural selection and reproduction of the individuals in the population for the next generation. The GA works by creating an initial population, evaluating it, and then improving the population by using the evaluation operators. To solve this optimization problem, a LP optimization package, GARCO (Genetic Algorithm Reactor Code Optimization) code is developed in the framework of this thesis. This code is applicable for all types of PWR cores having different geometries and structures with an unlimited number of FA types in the inventory. To reach this goal, an innovative GA is developed by modifying the classical representation of the genotype. To obtain the best result in a shorter time, not only the representation is changed but also the algorithm is changed to use in-core fuel management heuristics rules. The improved GA code was tested to demonstrate and verify the advantages of the new enhancements. The developed methodology is explained in this thesis and preliminary results are shown for the VVER-1000 reactor hexagonal geometry core and the TMI-1 PWR. The improved GA code was tested to verify the advantages of new enhancements. The core physics code

Noise analysis based validation of the dynamics of in-core flux detectors and ion chambers used in SDS and RRS systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gloeckler, O.; Cooke, D.; Tulett, M.V.

1996-01-01

The paper concentrates on some of the recent applications of reactor noise analysis in Ontario Hydro's CANDU stations, related to the dynamics of in-core flux detectors (ICFDs) and ion chambers. These applications include (1) detecting anomalies in the dynamics of ICFDs and ion chambers, (2) estimating the effective prompt fractions of ICFDs in power rundown tests and in noise measurement, (3) detecting the mechanical vibration of ICFD instrument tubes induced by moderator flow, (4) detecting the mechanical vibration of fuel channels induced by coolant flow, (5) identifying the cause of excessive signal fluctuations in certain flux detectors, (6) validating the dynamic coupling between liquid zone control signals. Some of these applications are performed on a regular basis. The noise analysis program, in the Pickering-B station alone, has saved Ontario Hydro millions of dollars during its first three years. The results of the noise analysis program have been also reviewed by the AECB with favorable results. The AECB have expressed interest in Ontario Hydro further exploiting the use of noise analysis technology (author)

Development of the prediction technology of cable disconnection of in-core neutron detector for the future high-temperature gas cooled reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shimazaki, Yosuke; Sawahata, Hiroaki; Kawamoto, Taiki; Suzuki, Hisashi; Shinohara, Masanori; Honda, Yuki; Katsuyama, Kozo; Takada, Shoji; Sawa, Kazuhiro

2015-01-01

Maintenance technologies for the reactor system have been developed by using the high-temperature engineering test reactor (HTTR). One of the important purposes of development is to accumulate the experiences and data to satisfy the availability of operation up to 90% by shortening the duration of the periodical maintenance for the future HTGRs by shifting from the time-based maintenance to condition-based maintenance. The technical issue of the maintenance of in-core neutron detector, wide range monitor (WRM), is to predict the malfunction caused by cable disconnection to plan the replacement schedule. This is because that it is difficult to observe directly inside of the WRM in detail. The electrical inspection method was proposed to detect and predict the cable disconnection of the WRM by remote monitoring from outside of the reactor by using the time domain reflectometry and so on. The disconnection position, which was specified by the electrical method, was identified by non-destructive and destructive inspection. The accumulated data is expected to be contributed for advanced maintenance of future HTGRs. (author)

Neutronic evolution of SENA reactor during the first and second cycles. Comparison between the experimental power distributions obtained from the in-core instrumentation evaluation code CIRCE and the theoretical power values computed with the two-dimensional diffusion-evolution code EVOE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andrieux, Chantal

1976-03-01

The neutronic evolution of the reacteur Sena during the first and second cycles is presented. The experimental power distributions, obtained from the in-core instrumentation evaluation code CIRCE are compared with the theoretical powers calculated with the two-dimensional diffusion-evolution code EVOE. The CIRCE code allows: the study of the evolution of the principal parameters of the core, the comparison of the results of measured and theoretical estimates. Therefore this study has a great interest for the knowledge of the neutronic evolution of the core, as well as the validation of the refinement of theoretical estimation methods. The core calculation methods and requisite data for the evaluation of the measurements are presented after a brief description of the SENA core and its inner instrumentation. The principle of the in-core instrumentation evaluation code CIRCE, and calculation of the experimental power distributions and nuclear core parameters are then exposed. The results of the evaluation are discussed, with a comparison of the theoretical and experimental results. Taking account of the approximations used, these results, as far as the first and second cycles at SENA are concerned, are satisfactory, the deviations between theoretical and experimental power distributions being lower than 3% at the middle of the reactor and 9% at the periphery [fr

ESTRATÉGIAS COMPETITIVAS USADAS PELAS EMPRESAS DE EVENTOS DE CURITIBA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Rogério Maioli

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta como duas empresas de organização de eventos de Curitiba Paraná atuam no mercado, como utilizam seus conhecimentos de gestão de forma empírica quando usam as estratégias de competitividade de Porter e Ansoff para atuarem no mercado e fazerem frente as mudanças ambientais ocorridas. Os principais resultados podem ser encontrados no uso das estratégias que fazem frente aos concorrentes, aos serviços substitutos, ao poder de barganha tanto de clientes, fornecedores e aos novos entrantes, também no uso de estratégias de expansão e diversificação. O trabalho está dividido em introdução, fundamentação em turismo, eventos, estratégias competitivas de Porter e Ansoff, a caracterização das empresas estudadas, a metodologia usada a apresentação dos resultados e as conclusões

TUBERCULOSIS COMO ENFERMEDAD OCUPACIONAL

Science.gov (United States)

Mendoza-Ticona, Alberto

2014-01-01

Existe evidencia suficiente para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en diversos profesionales especialmente entre los trabajadores de salud. En el Perú están normados y reglamentados los derechos laborales inherentes a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional, como la cobertura por discapacidad temporal o permanente. Sin embargo, estos derechos aún no han sido suficientemente socializados. En este trabajo se presenta información sobre el riesgo de adquirir tuberculosis en el lugar de trabajo, se revisan las evidencias para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en trabajadores de salud y se presenta la legislación peruana vigente al respecto. PMID:22858771

Engineering application of in-core fuel management optimization code with CSA algorithm

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Zhihong; Hu, Yongming [INET, Tsinghua university, Beijing 100084 (China)

2009-06-15

PWR in-core loading (reloading) pattern optimization is a complex combined problem. An excellent fuel management optimization code can greatly improve the efficiency of core reloading design, and bring economic and safety benefits. Today many optimization codes with experiences or searching algorithms (such as SA, GA, ANN, ACO) have been developed, while how to improve their searching efficiency and engineering usability still needs further research. CSA (Characteristic Statistic Algorithm) is a global optimization algorithm with high efficiency developed by our team. The performance of CSA has been proved on many problems (such as Traveling Salesman Problems). The idea of CSA is to induce searching direction by the statistic distribution of characteristic values. This algorithm is quite suitable for fuel management optimization. Optimization code with CSA has been developed and was used on many core models. The research in this paper is to improve the engineering usability of CSA code according to all the actual engineering requirements. Many new improvements have been completed in this code, such as: 1. Considering the asymmetry of burn-up in one assembly, the rotation of each assembly is considered as new optimization variables in this code. 2. Worth of control rods must satisfy the given constraint, so some relative modifications are added into optimization code. 3. To deal with the combination of alternate cycles, multi-cycle optimization is considered in this code. 4. To confirm the accuracy of optimization results, many identifications of the physics calculation module in this code have been done, and the parameters of optimization schemes are checked by SCIENCE code. The improved optimization code with CSA has been used on Qinshan nuclear plant of China. The reloading of cycle 7, 8, 9 (12 months, no burnable poisons) and the 18 months equilibrium cycle (with burnable poisons) reloading are optimized. At last, many optimized schemes are found by CSA code

Heidegger E A Técnica Moderna Como Perigo E Como Salvação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robson Costa Cordeiro

2014-04-01

Full Text Available O mundo contemporâneo é marcado por uma compreensão de técnica que se ergue como tal a partir de um sentido próprio e autônomo. Este sentido pode ser caracterizado como um logos que se constitui a partir de sua própria natureza e se manifesta como tecnologia no decorrer da história. Compreender esse sentido e assumi-lo como condição de nossa existência no mundo é comprender a técnica como nossa herança e nosso envio. Nesse sentido, compreender a essência da técnica é fundamental para o mundo contemporâneo, assumindo que, nesse processo, consiste o perigo e a salvação da espécie.

Clarificação do extrato aquoso de Stevia rebaudiana (Bert. Bertoni utilizando o cacto, Cereus peruvianus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Larissa Maria Fernandes

2001-05-01

Full Text Available A tendência das indústrias que se preocupam em promover a saúde e prevenir doenças está em investir no desenvolvimento de tecnologias para produção de alimentos com baixas calorias e reduzido teor de gordura, mantendo suas qualidades nutricionais. Um dos estudos mais freqüentes é a substituição do açúcar por edulcorantes não calóricos, com a preocupação que estes substitutos sejam semelhantes em função organoléptica. Nas folhas da planta conhecida como Stevia rebaudiana (Bert. Bertoni (Asteraceae, ou simplesmente estévia, se encontram glicosídeos adoçantes (edulcorantes, como o esteviosídeo, rebaudiosídeos A, B, C, D, E e dulcosídeos A e B. Seu extrato aquoso apresenta-se em estado natural na cor marrom, o que o torna inconveniente para o consumidor usual. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se o cacto Cereus peruvianus como alternativa natural para a clarificação deste extrato. O cacto comportou-se como uma resina fortemente ácida e eliminou cerca de 95%, em média, a cor e turbidez do extrato de estévia

Desenvolvimento de forma farmacêutica líquida de uso oral, isenta de substâncias glicogênicas, com extrato fluido de Mikania glomerata Sprengel - Asteraceae (guaco

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N.C. Lubi

Full Text Available Mikania glomerata Sprengel, Asteraceae (guaco é tradicionalmente empregado como expectorante na forma de infusão, extrato fluido, tintura e xarope. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma forma farmacêutica líquida, isenta de substâncias glicogênicas, veiculando o extrato fluido desta, como substituto do xarope de guaco para pessoas, que por alguma restrição não possam ingerir sacarose ou açúcar invertido, componente dos xaropes em geral. Desenvolveu-se uma formulação líquida, definindo-se as concentrações de conservantes, agentes umectantes, edulcorantes e flavorizantes, testaram-se polímeros, espessantes usuais em processos tecnológicos, para reproduzir a viscosidade fornecida pelos xaropes. Analisou-se o comportamento reológico e uma avaliação preliminar das características físicas do produto. Dos polímeros testados, o alginato de sódio (1% foi o que apresentou melhores resultados frente aos parâmetros analisados, com comportamento reológico semelhante ao dos fluidos Newtonianos, e pH adequado ao uso oral, além da compatibilidade frente ao extrato fluido de guaco.

An evaluation of the influence of fuel design parameters and burnup on pellet/cladding interaction for boiling water reactor fuel rod through in-core diameter measurement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yanagisawa, K.

1986-01-01

The influence of design parameters and burning on pellet/cladding interaction (PCI) of current boiling water reactor fuel rods was studied through in-core diameter measurement. Thinner cladding and a smaller diametral gap enhanced the PCI during startup. At constant power, fuel with SiO 2 added greatly reduced PCI due to relaxation. The fuel with a small grain size greatly reduced PCI due to densification. Preirradiation of rods up to 23 MWd/kgU caused a large PCI not only in a small gap but also in a large gap rod. Relaxation and permanent deformation was small. In the power increase experiment, one rod experienced PCI failure. The spurt times of coolant radioactivity coincided well with the sudden drop of cladding axial strain and marked crack opening at the rod surface. The estimated hoop stress predicted by FEMAXI-III was 350 MPa at the failure

The wide range in-core neutron measurement system used in the Windscale AGR concluding experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goodings, A.; Budd, J.; Wilson, I.

1982-06-01

The Windscale AGR concluding experiments included a comparison of theoretical and experimental power transients and required measurements of neutron flux as a function of position and time within the reactor core. These measurements were specified to cover a working range as wide as possible and had to be made against the in-core gamma background of up to 4 x 10 7 R(hr) - 1 . The detectors were required to operate in special channels cooled by reactor inlet CO 2 and the overall system needed a response time such that it could follow transients with doubling times down to 2s with an accuracy of 2 or 3%. These problems were solved by the use of gas ion fission chambers operating in the current fluctuation or ''Campbelling'' mode. Their neutron to gamma sensitivity ratio was optimised by the use of unusually low filling pressures and they were fitted with special ''trilaminax'' mineral insulated cables to minimise the effects of electrical interference at the 100 kHz channel centre frequency. Ten detectors were built and nine were installed in the reactor, three in each of three special stringers at different radial positions. All were processed and tested for operation at 350 deg. C and their fissile coatings (430 μg cm - 1 of natural uranium) were matched to give individual neutron sensitivities with a population spread better than +- 6% about the mean. The mean absolute sensitivities were determined to about +- 5% against manganese foils in the NESTOR reactor at AEE Winfrith. The detectors were complemented by special signal processing channels which provided current fluctuation sensitivity and appropriate output signals to the experiment data acquisition system. These channels also permitted dc measurement of chamber current for more precise flux determination near reactor full power

Association between the concentration of protozoa and surrogates in effluents of the slow sand filtration for water treatment Associação entre a concentração de protozoários e indicadores substitutos em efluentes de filtros lentos de areia para o tratamento de água

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Léo Heller

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Currently, a major challenge on producing high-quality drinking water is to monitor pathogens, such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium and enteric viruses. Due to limitations of the analytical methods available to detect pathogens in water, the research of surrogate indicators is an up-to-date subject. In view of these aspects, a pilot scale study was performed to evaluate the association between microbiological and physical indicators and the presence of Giardia spp and Cryptosporidium sp in the effluent of upflow and downflow slow sand filters. The results showed that efficient bacterial removal could indicate suitable protozoa removal. Although coliforms and Escherichia coli do not present the appropriate physiological profile for an "ideal" indicator, they are still good references for drinking water microbiological quality, specifically for slow sand filtration. The results also point out to the need of deeper researches about the use of anaerobic spores as routine indicator. Regarding the control of Cryptosporidium outbreaks, the expectation that a single indicator will satisfy all purposes is unreal. It may be more useful to know the advantages and disadvantages of several indicators, and integrate them appropriately.Atualmente, um grande desafio para a produção de água de elevado padrão de qualidade é o monitoramento de patogênicos, como Giardia, Cryptosporidium e vírus entéricos. Devido a limitações nos métodos analíticos para a detecção de patogênicos na água, a pesquisa de indicadores substitutos é um tema atual. Em vista desses aspectos, foi realizado um estudo em escala piloto para a avaliação da associação entre indicadores microbiológicos e físicos e a presença de Giardia spp e Cryptosporidium sp no efluente de filtros lentos de areia de escoamentos ascendente e descendente. Os resultados mostraram que uma remoção bacteriana eficiente pode indicar adequada remoção de protozoários. Embora coliformes e

PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA: LEITE DE VACA HIPOALERGÊNICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Eder de Moura Lopes

2015-06-01

Full Text Available O leite possui vários nutrientes importantes para a nutrição humana e faz parte da alimentação de milhões de pessoas no mundo, sendo o leite de vaca o mais utilizado como alimento ou matéria-prima para a fabricação de outros alimentos. Apesar disso, alergias ao leite de vaca são bastante comuns, principalmente em crianças. Essa prospecção teve como objetivo analisar as patentes que tratam de leite bovino hipoalergênico, substitutos ou derivados. A busca foi realizada nos bancos de dados do INPI e do EPO. Foram encontradas 44 patentes, que foram analisadas quanto a datas de publicação, país de origem dos depositantes, país onde foi depositada e Classificação Internacional de Patentes (CIP. Os resultados demonstram a tendência no desenvolvimento constante de novas tecnologias que supram a necessidade dos pacientes ao leite de vaca convencional.

Comunicado a la Opinión Pública sobre el Trabajo de Investigación de la Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zoilo Cuéllar-Montoya

2005-06-01

En tanto los otros pasos del proceso investigativo culminan, la Academia Nacional de Medicina de Colombia, con base en el consenso de la comunidad científica reunida en dicha sesión, comunica a la opinión pública que la citología vaginal o prueba de Papanicolau continuará siendo la única e indiscutible prueba de tamiza- je o de detección precoz de las lesiones precancerosas y cancerosas del cuello de la matriz en nuestro país, y debe ser complementada, a criterio médico, por exámenes tales como la colposcopia y/o la biopsia. Las pruebas en sangre, o serológicas, no son un substituto de exámenes directos del tipo de la citología vaginal y, en la actualidad, deben considerarse como un índice de infección por el virus del papiloma humano, agente causal de las lesiones del cuello uterino. Sólo la histopatología tiene hoy valor diagnóstico de las lesiones mismas...

The development of NRTM-turbine flow meter and measurement of the coolant flow rate in-core of 5 MW heating reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zha Meisheng; Wang Xiuqin; Ni Mengchen

1995-01-01

In order to measure the coolant flow rate in-core of 5 MW Heating Reactor the special turbine flowmeter of the type of NRTM has been developed. It consists of a body, a turbine with long screw blade and six pieces of Alnico magnets, and a coil mounted on the body. The advantage of this turbine flowmeter is of low resistance and long working-life. Another advantage is that when the turbine is working or not working its factor of resistance is about the same. It is very important for a natural circulation heating reactor. Because the cable, which is welded to the coil assembly, is long enough to extend out of the reactor vessel to the control room, the signal of flow rate is easy to be disturbed by noise in the case. The traditional method of counting the frequency of the A-C voltage which is induced in the coil has a poor ability for resisting noise. The method of the frequency-spectrum analysis of the frequency of the A-C voltage is used to make sure the accuracy of the measurement of the turbine flow meter. Compared with the method of the count it has a good ability for resisting noise. After three years operation a lot of valuable data were obtained

Safety analysis of the topaz behavior during irradiation, its effect on the core performance and the in-core fuel management strategy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khalil, M.Y.; Belal, M.G.

2006-01-01

The topaz is a natural gem stones which collect color centers when irradiated with fast neutrons and transformed into a colorful stones called topaz. The objective of this paper is to detail the safety analysis performed to assure the safety measures of the topaz mass production and farther shows an indirect estimated measurement of the safety related parameters. Analysis has been performed for all the irradiation positions nominated for topaz production and this paper present experimental verification performed for the position of the highest influence where all other positions have lower influences and showed the same safety features and agreement between calculations and measurements. On the other hand it was necessary to show that no hot spots and no cooling problems would rise as a result of irradiation. The heat energy dissipation in the topaz boxes is important from the reactor core coolability side as well as from the view point of the quality of the product. Moreover the paper describes the administrative procedure to limit the reactivity insertion rate of any box to less than 10 pcm/sec. The effect of the topaz boxes presence on the accumulated fuel burn up has been calculated, and recommendations concerning the in-core fuel management strategy has been reviewed. (authors)

A condicionalidade como zona conceitual

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Taísa Peres de OLIVEIRA

Full Text Available RESUMO Neste trabalho avaliam-se diferentes padrões de construções condicionais no português a partir dos parâmetros de condicionalidade. O objetivo principal é mostrar como a categoria está internamente organizada não apenas em termos de um núcleo prototípico, mas mostrando como os exemplares mais periféricos se relacionam a ele. As bases teóricas deste trabalho assentam-se sobre concepções funcional-cognitivistas, nos termos de Bybee (2010 e Dancygier (1998, especialmente considerando a relativa instabilidade da gramática e a fluidez da categoria. As reflexões principais apontam a condicionalidade como uma categoria bastante complexa que serve de/como abrigo de múltiplas construções.

El trabajo de campo como proceso. La "etnografía colaborativa" como perspectiva analítica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leticia Katzer

2011-10-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo contiene una serie de reflexiones elaboradas al poner en diálogo experiencias de campo en el marco de investigaciones individuales; una, con indígenas adscriptos como Huarpes, en el noreste de la provincia de Mendoza; la otra, con indígenas adscriptos como Qom. Éstas reflexiones intentan contribuir a desnaturalizar y visibilizar la complejidad de los contextos de interacción, considerando que abarcan distintas dimensiones y aspectos —tales como posición de los interlocutores en la estructura social, expectativas individuales, experiencias y relaciones previas de los sujetos, y recursos materiales y simbólicos en intermediación—, enfatizando así el carácter situacional y dinámico de esas relaciones de interlocución.A la luz de los actuales debates de la crítica cultural y en un intento por contribuir a los estudios de la Etnografía Colaborativa, el objetivo de este artículo es exponer y describir comparativamente lo que entendemos como performances de campo, situando como objeto de análisis la experiencia etnográfica en sí misma. Entendiendo el trabajo etnográfico como proceso y texto, identificamos tres grandes nudos críticos, reunidos en tres escenas etnográficas, que analizamos como una red multisituada de mediaciones e interrelaciones.

Hoy como ayer

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez M.

2010-01-01

Leyendo el artículo titulado “Los medicamentos baratos” de la revista La Farmacia Española, publicada en Madrid el jueves 21 de diciembre de 1893, uno se pregunta cómo puede ser que se reconozca la situación como si fuera de ahora mismo, cómo puede ser que estemos igual que hace más de cien años. Entonces eran los descuentos que se empezaban a extender en las farmacias, francesas sobre todo, y que amenazaban el prestigio profesional de todo el colectivo. Con frases como éstas se define la sit...

Las leyendas regionales como intangibles territoriales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eloy Martos Núñez

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo examina el concepto de leyenda como intangible territorial en diversas escalas, desde la local a la regional o nacional, y su relación con la construcción de mitos étnicos y la emergencia de tradiciones translocales. Para ello, se revisan la metodología de los estudios corográficos y las nociones de ecotipo y de paisaje cultural, así como la etnografía de los territorios simbólicos a la luz de conceptos como el clásico «témenos» y modernos como el «mytho-moteur» (Abadal, 1958. Se aplican estudios de casos que evidencian cómo es el Imaginario, en interacción con factores geohistóricos del lugar, el que a menudo acota y perimetrea un territorio a través de cauces como la fabulación legendaria y los ritos paralitúgicos, como procesiones o peregrinaciones. La conclusión es que las leyendas y los arquetipos de origen étnico y genealógico reescriben tradiciones que crean identidades y se pueden proyectar en ámbitos diferentes de la vida política o recreativa, con perfiles igualmente diferentes.

Proteção do leite materno e ética

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Ferreira Rea

2000-08-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: A Organização Mundial da Saúde, em 1981, recomendou aos países a adoção do "Código Internacional de Marketing dos Substitutos do Leite Materno" e o Brasil o traduziu em normas desde 1988. Objetivou-se verificar o cumprimento dessa norma entre empresas que devem obedecê-la, especialmente quanto aos profissionais de saúde. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se pesquisa exploratória com amostragem intencional em 30 cidades brasileiras, entrevistando 95 profissionais de saúde. Descrevem-se os resultados referentes à relação profissional de saúde-companhias comercializadoras de leites infantis. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas práticas promocionais dos produtores de substitutos de leite materno, especialmente com pediatras, que evidenciam conflitos de interesses: o apoio financeiro recebido beneficia o profissional, que passa a ter seu nome ligado aos que apóiam direta ou indiretamente a indústria. DISCUSSÃO: Existe conflito de interesses sempre que um interesse secundário faz com que a atitude profissional se modifique (por exemplo, na metodologia de uma pesquisa, na análise ou na publicação dos resultados, em favor daquele interesse e em detrimento da atitude científica. Tanto o código citado como a Norma Brasileira sobre a Comercialização de Alimentos para Lactentes parecem não ser suficientes para indicar os limites éticos da relação profissional-indústria. Proteger a prática de amamentar dos interesses comerciais passa por políticas públicas que contemplem essas questões.

La razonabilidad como virtud

OpenAIRE

Muñoz Oliveira, Luis Humberto

2008-01-01

Consultable des del TDX Títol obtingut de la portada digitalitzada Esta tesis doctoral explora la idea de que la razonabilidad es una virtud fundamental para que las sociedades plurales puedan convertirse en, o mantenerse como, un sistema de cooperación donde la justicia sea posible. La hipótesis central es que la razonabilidad como virtud es una manera de ser tolerante de forma solidaria, es entender al conciudadano, escucharlo, saber que juntos acordaron las reglas de cooperación y ac...

Josep Beuys : el arte como creencia y como salvación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María López Ruido

1995-01-01

Full Text Available Joseph Beuys, nacido en Cléveris (Renania del Norte-Westfalia en 1921 y faliecido en Dusseldorf en 1986, posee una obra madura casi desde un primer momento. Superficialmente podríamos verla como el canto a sí mismo de un gran narcisista, donde sus experiencias y su persona son los grandes protagonistas. En una lectura más profunda, estos hechos personales no son más que el medio para ir más allá del yo y dar lugar a una creación plástica de trascendencia social. Tras la 2- Guerra Mundial, en la que lucha como piloto de la Luftwaffe, estudia en la Academia de Bellas Artes de Dusseldorf. Será a partir de los años 60 cuando encontremos al auténtico Beuys, escultor objetual e instalador, el creador de la plástica social, y desde sus contactos con Fluxus en 1962, el Beuys accionista. En los 70, se nos presenta el artista más claramente politizado. La educación, la incidencia social del arte, el arte como «tercera vía o vía alternativa» entre socialismo y capitalismo, la ecología serán sus materiales de trabajo.

La universidad como organización

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Aurelio Ordoñez Burbano

2001-07-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo versa sobre la unviersidad como organización y tiene como objetivo hacer una reflexión sobre la misión de la universidad colombiana en el marco de diversos entornos. Como punto de partida, se propone una precisión sobre la misión de la universidad moderna y la investigación, a diferencia de la universidad colonial y decimonónica limitada a la divulgación de conocimientos preexistentes.

Present trophic conditions of the Como and Lecco basins of lake Como; Attuali condizioni trofiche dei bacini di Como e Lecco del Lario

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mosello, R.; Brizzio, M.C. [Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Verbania (Italy). Ist. Italiano di Idrobiologia; Garibaldi, L. [Milan Univ. La Bicocca, Milan (Italy). Dipt. di Scienze dell' Ambiente; Buzzi, P. [Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Lecco (Italy). Unita' Operativa Fisica e Tutela Ambiente; Colzani, L.; Pizzotti, E. [Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Como (Italy). Unita' Operativa Chimica; Mocellin, D. [Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Sondrio (Italy). Unita' Operativa Chimica

1999-12-01

Monthly measurements of temperature, water chemistry and phytoplankton performed from september 1997 to August 1998 in lake basins close the towns of Como and Lecco (Italy) are presented and discussed. Chemical variables show a high trophic level in both stations, more pronounced in the Como station due to unfavourable hydrological conditions and to urban and industrial sources of pollution, which show the predominance of Oscillatoria rubescens. [Italian] Il presente lavoro riporta i risultati di un'indagine condotta con campionamenti mensili dal settembre 1997 all'agosto 1998 nei bacini di Como e Lecco. Le variabili chimiche analizzate evidenziano, per entrambe le stazioni considerate, un elevato livello di trofia piu' pronunciato nella stazione di Come a causa di sfavorevoli condizioni idrologiche e per la presenza di sorgenti di inquinamento urbano e industriale, confermato dalla predominanza di Oscillatoria rubescens.

El Derecho como argumentación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Atienza, Manuel

1999-11-01

Full Text Available Not available

Frente a las concepciones del Derecho como norma, como hecho o como valor (que caracterizan, respectivamente, al norrnativismo, al realismo jurídico y al iusnaturalismo, se propone aquí un cuarto enfoque que consiste en ver el Derecho como argumentación (y que cohra especial relevancia en las sociedades democráticas. Sin embargo, no hay una única forma de entender la argumentación jurídica. Aunque conectadas entre sí, en el trabajo se distinguen tres concepciones: la formal, la material y la pragmática o dialéctica; muchas cuestiones que se plantean en el ámbito de la teoría de la argumentación jurídica pueden resolverse -o aclararse- teniendo en cuenta esa triple perspectiva.

La sabidur?a como competencia gerencial

OpenAIRE

Pinzon-Barrios, Ana-Maria; Cort?s Zapata, Gabriela

2012-01-01

Aunque el concepto de sabidur?a ha sido ampliamente estudiado por expertos de ?reas como la filosof?a, la religi?n y la psicolog?a, a?n enfrenta limitaciones en cuanto a su definici?n y evaluaci?n. Por esto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo, formular una definici?n del concepto de sabidur?a que permita realizar una propuesta de evaluaci?n del concepto como competencia en los gerentes. Para esto, se realiz? un an?lisis documental de tipo cualitativo. De esta manera, se analizaron divers...

Aprendizagem como/na prática

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean Lave

2015-12-01

Full Text Available ResumoEste artigo considera como o estudo da cultura e da aprendizagem pode ser de particular relevância para o campo da antropologia sociocultural em geral. O termo mais importante na expressão “cultura & aprendizagem” talvez seja o logograma “&” – ou seja, coloca-se a questão sobre o que conecta cultura e aprendizagem, perguntando-se como esses termos estão relacionados. Como devemos compreender cultura e aprendizagem como instâncias produtoras delas próprias, e uma da outra, na prática? Recalibrando em termos relacionais, podemos dizer que não é possível abordar a “aprendizagem” ou “cultura e aprendizagem” sem o seu emaranhamento na vida político-econômica, nas lutas e disputas históricas, em suas coerências e incoerências, e na produção relacional e histórica da vida cotidiana. Através das lentes da teoria da prática social, os estudos etnográficos sobre aprendizagem na prática oferecem diferentes entendimentos sobre como certa vida e certas disputas e incoerências são produzidas.

Development of an in-core fuel management tool for boiling water reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gilli, Luca; Wakker, Pieter H.; Elder, Brian R.

2017-01-01

The in-core fuel management of a nuclear reactor is a challenging task due to the virtually infinite number of loading patterns one could theoretically adopt. The ROSA (Reloading Optimization by Simulated Annealing) code is an optimization tool that has been successfully used in the last two decades to facilitate the core design of several Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). It is designed to perform a stochastic search for an optimal Loading Pattern (LP) using a simulated annealing algorithm. This corresponds to performing a depletion calculation for each one of the hundreds of thousands of unique LPs generated during the stochastic search. Therefore, speed is one of the most important requirements that the solvers used by the depletion tool must fulfill. ROSA's depletion analysis tool makes use of a particularly fast nodal method (known as the kernel method) for the evaluation of the power distribution associated with a particular LP. One of the strongest assumptions behind the kernel method is that the neutron migration length does not change considerably between the point where a neutron is generated and the point where the same neutron is absorbed. Although strong, this assumption is quite compatible with the neutronic characteristics of PWRs cores. In this paper we give an overview of the work done in order to develop a version of ROSA capable of performing the core design of Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs). We focus the discussion on the development of the depletion analysis tool by outlining the modifications of the kernel methods implemented in order to make the solver accurate for BWR cores. An improvement of the definition of the transport kernel is necessary to take the strong anisotropies characterizing the neutronic problem into account. These anisotropies arise due to the presence of strong changes in the moderator density and due to the presence of control blades. Furthermore, we are going to discuss how the boundary conditions are adopted by the

ARGAMASSA COM SUBSTITUIÇÃO DE AGREGADO NATURAL POR RESÍDUO DE BRITAGEM DE GRANITO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robson Arruda dos Santos

2012-10-01

Full Text Available A indústria da construção civil consome muitos recursos naturais e é grande geradora de resíduos. Há uma grande problemática relacionada com o tratamento destes, sendo uma alternativa a sua reutilização como substituto de materiais naturais, por exemplo, na produção de argamassas e de concreto. Este trabalho tem como escopo estudar o reaproveitamento dos resíduos da britagem de granito como agregado em argamassa. Os resíduos foram ensaiados de acordo com as normas da ABNT para agregado miúdo utilizados na construção civil. Foram determinados dois traços com a substituição total da areia natural pelo resíduo em estudo e realizados ensaios de resistência nos corpos de prova, segundo a NBR 13279, bem como o estudo da influência do resíduo na aparência e no consumo de água. Constatou-se que a substituição refletiu positivamente na resistência à compressão e flexão da argamassa. Contudo, ressalta-se que para obter-se um agregado com bom desempenho é preciso classificar o material, sendo necessária a utilização de classificadores para se eliminar as frações mais finas e mais grossas possibilitando às suas aplicações um desempenho aceitável.

Como reescribir funciones aleatorias multivariadas como univariadas para hacer cokrigeage. La teoría

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adrian Martínez-Vargas

2010-03-01

Full Text Available En el año 2005 Martínez-Vargas formuló un sistema de cokrigeage puro heterotópico para estimar una función aleatoria regionalizada (RF Z*(x definida como la combinación lineal de n RF's univariadas Zi(x, cuyos coeficientes 1i(x son indicatrices de un set disyuntivo de categorías i. Aparentemente este modelo se contradice pues asume que las covarianzas cruzadas existen en un mismo punto, a pesar de su carácter puramente heterotópico. Para evadir dicha contradicción se redefinió el set de RF Zi(x como una única RF Z(x,i, siendo los puntos (x,i y (x,j no coincidentes si i y j no son iguales. La heterotopía fue simplemente considerada como una omisión de la RF Z(x,. en los datos y en los puntos a estimar, no impuesta por el modelo; entonces el resultado es simplemente un caso particular del cokrigeage clásico. Con esta notación se reescribió el sistema de cokrigeage clásico como el sistema de krigeage de la RF univariada Z(x,i, asumiendo que esta posee un drift definido como m(x,i,j, donde los miembros fl(x,i,j de m(x,i,j pueden ser linealmente dependientes o independientes. Bajo esta notación el sistema de krigeage se reduce a un sistema univariado, la existencia de más de una variable o la presencia de heterotropía no impone la necesidad de manipulaciones extras para definir el sistema de ecuaciones de krigeage, incrementándose la eficiencia computacional.

A rota como memória

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick Fraysse

Full Text Available No contexto de estudo do patrimônio por um ponto de vista comunicacional, este artigo permitiu-nos visualisar um objeto de comunicação por excelência « a estrada » como portador de informação a decifrar e a interpretar um documento, mas também como um repositário da memória coletiva, quer dizer um monumento. Paralelamente, a patrimonialização dos monumentos, dos conjuntos arquiteturais e sobretudo dos itinerários que os religam, dito de outra maneira, da estrada, assim como a sua documentarização (relatos de viagens, guias, bancos de dados participam de uma nova institucionalização da memória integrante também das estradas míticas como o caminho de São Tiago na França ou a famosa estrada 66 nos Estados-Unidos.

First In-Core Measurement Results Obtained with the Innovative Mobile Calorimeter CALMOS inside the OSIRIS Material Testing Reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carcreff, Hubert; Salmon, Laurent; Courtaux, Cedric

2013-06-01

Nuclear heating rate inside an MTR has to be known in order to design and to run irradiation experiments which have to fulfill target temperature constraints. This measurement is usually carried out by calorimetry [1, 2]. An innovative calorimetric system, CALMOS, has been studied and built in 2011 for the 70 MWth OSIRIS reactor operated by CEA. Thanks to a new calorimetric probe, associated to a specific displacement system, it provides measurements along the fissile height and above the core. The development of the calorimetric probe required the manufacturing and the irradiation of mock-ups in the ex-core area, where nuclear heating rate does not exceed 2 W.g -1 . The calorimeter working mode, the different measurement procedures allowed with such a new probe and main modeling and experimental results have been already presented [3, 4]. In this paper, we present the first results obtained during several measurement campaigns carried out in 2012 and 2013 inside the OSIRIS core with the final device. For the first time, this new experimental measurement system was operated in nominal in-core thermo hydraulic conditions with nominal neutron and gamma fluxes (up to 6 W.g -1 ) in several experimental locations. After a brief presentation of the displacement system specificities, first nuclear heating distributions are presented and discussed. Experimental data were also used to upgrade the Finite Element model of the calorimeter in order to match measured temperatures with calculated ones. This model allowed to estimate a Kc correction factor which takes into account small nonlinearities when the heating rate is deduced from the calibration method. A comparison is made between nuclear heating rates determined from the probe calibration and from the zero method. In addition, an evaluation of the global uncertainty associated to the measurements is detailed. Finally, a global comparison is made with available measurements obtained from previous calorimeters. (authors)

Hoy como ayer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodríguez M.

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Leyendo el artículo titulado “Los medicamentos baratos” de la revista La Farmacia Española, publicada en Madrid el jueves 21 de diciembre de 1893, uno se pregunta cómo puede ser que se reconozca la situación como si fuera de ahora mismo, cómo puede ser que estemos igual que hace más de cien años. Entonces eran los descuentos que se empezaban a extender en las farmacias, francesas sobre todo, y que amenazaban el prestigio profesional de todo el colectivo. Con frases como éstas se define la situación que se presentaba en aquel momento: “…el desprestigio de que vaya por unos cuantos desnaturalizándose el ejercicio de la farmacia en tal forma que se convierta en un comercio impuro y de la peor estofa; pero conviene mucho combatir con mano firme la tendencia a la baratería, tanto más cuanto que no puede dudarse que significa un rebajamiento a todas luces nocivo y que supone una desorganización que nos llevaría en breve a la más completa ruina, y lo que creo aún más grave, a la desmoralización y el desorden, que no se compadecen en modo alguno con lo que en realidad es hoy y ha sido siempre el ejercicio de una profesión genuinamente científica como lo es la de la farmacia”. La propuesta que se hacía para controlar la situación era “la limitación de farmacias, con vigilancia estrecha del Estado y tarifa uniforme oficial”, así como “hace falta mucha inteligencia y mucha unión, hace falta que nadie permanezca indiferente, que todos y cada uno pongan de su parte lo que puedan”. Nuestra profesión mezcla una doble vertiente sanitaria y comercial que no siempre es fácil mantener equilibrada y, por lo que se ve, esto ha ocurrido así desde siempre. El problema que existe hoy en día es la mercantilización de la farmacia, un desplazamiento de establecimiento sanitario hacia una simple empresa.

Semente de amendoeira (Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae como substrato para o cultivo de orquídeas epífitas = Tropical almond seeds (Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae as a substrate for epiphytic orchid cultivation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcus Nascimento Santos

2010-04-01

Full Text Available O uso de semente de Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae como substrato para o cultivo de orquídeas das espécies Oncidium flexuosum Sims, Dendrobium nobile Lindl. e Brassavola tuberculata Hook. foi comparado ao do xaxim (Dicksonia sellowiana Hook. Esta espécie é muito usada para o cultivo de orquídeas, mas está ameaçada de extinção e com a sua exploração proibida por lei. Ao final de 12 meses de cultivo, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: altura da parte aérea, diâmetro dos pseudobulbos, número de pseudobulbos e pH.Não houve interação significativa entre substratos e espécies para as variáveis avaliadas. As orquídeas desenvolvidas em substrato de T. catappa e em xaxim apresentaram alturas da parte aérea, diâmetro dos pseudobulbos e número de pseudobulbos equivalentes. O substrato de T. catappa apresentou baixa velocidade de decomposição, o que manteve a sua boa capacidade de aeração, desenvolvimento das raízes e valor de pH próximo ao encontrado para o xaxim. O uso de T. catappa apresentou-se viável como substituto ao xaxim para o cultivo das orquídeas avaliadas.The use of Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae seeds as a substrate for growing orchids of the species Oncidium flexuosum Sims, Dendrobium nobile Lindl. and Brassavola tuberculata Hook was compared to the tree fern fiber Dicksonia sellowiana Hook, largely used for that purpose. This species is endangered and its exploitation is prohibited by law. After twelve months, the following parameters were evaluated: aerial part height, pseudo bulb diameter, number of pseudo bulbs and pH of substrate. There was no significant interaction between substrates and species for the evaluated parameters. The orchids developed on T. catappa substrate and tree fern fiber showed similar aerial parts, diameter and number of pseudo bulbs. T. catappa substrate showed a low rate of decomposition, which maintained good aeration capacity, root development and pH values close to

Characteristics of self-powered neutron detectors used in power reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Todt, William H. Sr.

1998-01-01

Self-powered neutron detectors have been used effectively as in-core flux monitors for over twenty-five years in nuclear power reactors worldwide. This paper describes the basic properties of these radiation sensors including their nuclear, electrical and mechanical characteristics. Recommendations are given for the proper choice of the self-powered detector emitter to provide the proper response time and radiation sensitivity desired for use in an effective in-core radiation monitoring system. Examples are shown of specific self-powered detector designs, which are being effectively, used in in-core instrumentation systems for pressurized water, heavy water and graphite moderated light water reactors. Also examples are shown of the mechanical configurations of in-core assemblies of self-powered detectors combined with in-core thermocouples presently used in pressurized water and heavy water reactors worldwide. (author)

El videojuego como material educativo: La Odisea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Belén Mainer Blanco

2012-04-01

Full Text Available La investigación se basa en la función educativa que pueden cumplir los videojuegos, un campo que consideramos inexplorado por tres motivos principalmente: su reciente incorporación, su impopularidad educativa (el rechazo el videojuego como herramienta de aprendizaje y considerado, por el contrario, como una distracción, y la incompleta incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC en el ámbito familiar y educativo. En una segunda parte, se ha realizado una aplicación práctica tomando como referencia la gran obra universal “La Odisea”, cuya intención es mostrar la utilidad del videojuego como complemento educativo.

Contabilidade gerencial como apoio ao "just in time"

OpenAIRE

Costa, Sérgio De Carvalho

2010-01-01

Descreve as técnicas da filosofia "Just in Time" e apresenta as modificações necessárias aos Sistemas Gerencias para que se tornem coerentes com a filosofia JIT, bem como meçam adequadamente a melhoria contínua da Empresa. Critica tanto o Custeio' Direto como o Custeio por Absorção, apresentando como alternativa o Custeio "ABC". Mostra como o JIT facilita o Custeio dos Produtos e destaca os aspectos estratégicos da Avaliação de Desempenho. Finalmente discorre sobre um estudo de...

El Derecho Agrario como derecho para la paz

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Zeledón Zeledón

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Contenido: El Derecho agrario surgido de la paz y para la consolidación de la paz, como fuente e instrumento para su cumplimiento. La visión de Carrozza como conjunto de reglas destinadas al fin de la paz, y la equidad. Explicación de un Derecho agrario vinculado a la paz por su origen en los Derechos Humanos Económicos y Sociales. Evolución del Derecho Agrario en los Derechos Humanos de la tercera generación (principalmente ambiente, desarrollo y paz, en las nuevas dimensiones del Derecho agrario del futuro. Derecho agrario como derecho para la paz y el respeto de los derechos humanos. Desarrollo sostenible y agricultura del futuro. La nueva orientación de los institutos del derecho agrario como instrumentos de paz, dirigidos a cumplir los fines de la justicia social, el desarrollo económico y el equilibrio ambiental. Desarrollo como respuesta a los problemas del ambiente, alimentario, de la pobreza, indígena y de la mujer rural. El rol de la justicia agraria y ambiental como derecho para la paz. El derecho agrario, disciplina forjada en una concepción iushumanista, acorde con los derechos humanos y la paz. El derecho agrario como derecho para la paz.

Los ritmos como terapia para la impulsividad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mónica Triviño

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Investigaciones recientes muestran que el uso de patrones rítmicos facilita la respuesta óptima en el tiempo, por lo que el entrenamiento mediante ritmos podría proponerse como terapia novedosa ante problemas como la impulsividad. Esto podría beneficiar a pacientes con daño prefrontal o personas con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH, que suelen mostrar conductas impulsivas, así como dificultad para estimar el paso del tiempo.

LOS ACTORES DEL ESCENARIO PEDAGÓGICO COMO COMPONENTE DEL MODELO PEDAGÓGICO PARA INDISCIPLINAR EL DERECHO COMO CIENCIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Eduardo Vásquez Santamaría

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Resultado del escenario pedagógico como plataforma inicial problematizadora a partir de la cual se identifican y describen fundamentos orientadores tradicionales y no tradicionales que permitan reevaluar el Derecho para acreditarlo como ciencia social, se exponen los resultados obtenidos en el trabajo de campo adelantado con abogados docentes y estudiantes de Derecho como sus actores pedagógicos, quienes representan los elementos “Quién” y “A quién” del modelo pedagógico, en este caso primordialmente tradicionalista, imperante en los currículos de los programas de Derecho deColombia.

LA CUESTIÓN AGRARIA COMO ENFOQUE Y COMO PROBLEMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Salgado

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Este ensayo trata de llamar la atención sobre los problemas del agro hoy, colocando especial énfasis en la disrupción entre las razones tecnológicas -que se asumen como ideológicas-, económicas y políticas que han inspirado el desarrollo del agro, o mejor, sobre las cuales se han basado las políticas de crecimiento agropecuario.

La realidad como materia novelable: Alejo Carpentier

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raquel Arias Careaga

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Desde que en 1897 Benito Pérez Galdós defendiera como materia prima legítima de la literatura «la vida misma, de donde el artista saca las ficciones que nos instruyen y embelesan» (Pérez Galdós, 1990: 159, el realismo como instrumento de indagación y análisis de la sociedad no ha dejado de crecer y expandirse. Realismo crítico, como este de Galdós, que implica una ampliación del concepto chato de «realidad», incluyendo en ella «recuerdos, sueños, imaginación, locura, símbolos» para contribuir a la formación de un «realismo total» (Rodríguez Puértolas, 2000, II: 93, al que se une también la asimilación de enseñanzas esenciales como la que representa la narrativa de Cervantes: La novelística de Galdós hunde sus raíces en el mejor Cervantes, como puede verse en su peculiar sentido del humor y de la ironía, en la concepción perspectivista de la realidad y en tantas otras cosas, algunas de ellas en verdad fundamentales. Así el concepto de la Naturaleza y sus relaciones dialécticas con el ser humano; así el Amor como elemento vital y animador del orden cósmico, muy alejado del idealismo vulgar romántico (Ibid., 93.

Studies of Behavior Melting Temperature Characteristics for Multi Thermocouple In-Core Instrument Assembly

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shin, Donghyup; Chae, Myoungeun; Kim, Sungjin; Lee, Kyulim [Woojin inc, Hwasung (Korea, Republic of)

2015-05-15

Bottom-up type in-core instruments (ICIs) are used for the pressurized water reactors of OPR-1000, APR- 1400 in order to measure neutron flux and temperature in the reactor. It is a well-known technique and a proven design using years in the nuclear field. ICI consists of one pair of K-type thermocouple, five self-powered neutron detectors (SPNDs) and one back ground detector. K-type thermocouple's purpose is to measure the core exit temperature (CET) in the reactor. The CET is a very important factor for operating nuclear power plants and it is 327 .deg. C when generally operating the reactor in the nuclear power plant(NPP) in case of OPR- 1000. If the CET will exceed 650 .deg. C, Operators in the main control room should be considered to be an accident situation in accordance with a severe accident management guidance(SAMG). The Multi Thermocouple ICI is a new designed ICI assuming severe accident conditions. It consists of four more thermocouples than the existing design, so it has five Ktype thermocouples besides the thermocouple measuring CET is located in the same elevation as the ICI. Each thermocouple is able to be located in the desired location as required. The Multi Thermocouple ICI helps to measure the temperature distribution of the entire reactor. In addition, it will measure certain point of melted core because of the in-vessel debris of nuclear fuel when an accident occurs more seriously. In this paper, to simulate a circumstance such as a nuclear reactor severe accident was examined. In this study, the K-type thermocouples of Multi Thermocouple ICI was confirmed experimentally to be able to measure up to 1370 .deg. C before the thermocouples have been melted. And after the thermocouples were melted by debris, it was able to be monitored that the signal of EMF directed the infinite value of voltage. Therefore through the results of the test, it can be assumed that if any EMF data among the Multi Thermocouple ICI will direct the infinite value

Studies of Behavior Melting Temperature Characteristics for Multi Thermocouple In-Core Instrument Assembly

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shin, Donghyup; Chae, Myoungeun; Kim, Sungjin; Lee, Kyulim

2015-01-01

Bottom-up type in-core instruments (ICIs) are used for the pressurized water reactors of OPR-1000, APR- 1400 in order to measure neutron flux and temperature in the reactor. It is a well-known technique and a proven design using years in the nuclear field. ICI consists of one pair of K-type thermocouple, five self-powered neutron detectors (SPNDs) and one back ground detector. K-type thermocouple's purpose is to measure the core exit temperature (CET) in the reactor. The CET is a very important factor for operating nuclear power plants and it is 327 .deg. C when generally operating the reactor in the nuclear power plant(NPP) in case of OPR- 1000. If the CET will exceed 650 .deg. C, Operators in the main control room should be considered to be an accident situation in accordance with a severe accident management guidance(SAMG). The Multi Thermocouple ICI is a new designed ICI assuming severe accident conditions. It consists of four more thermocouples than the existing design, so it has five Ktype thermocouples besides the thermocouple measuring CET is located in the same elevation as the ICI. Each thermocouple is able to be located in the desired location as required. The Multi Thermocouple ICI helps to measure the temperature distribution of the entire reactor. In addition, it will measure certain point of melted core because of the in-vessel debris of nuclear fuel when an accident occurs more seriously. In this paper, to simulate a circumstance such as a nuclear reactor severe accident was examined. In this study, the K-type thermocouples of Multi Thermocouple ICI was confirmed experimentally to be able to measure up to 1370 .deg. C before the thermocouples have been melted. And after the thermocouples were melted by debris, it was able to be monitored that the signal of EMF directed the infinite value of voltage. Therefore through the results of the test, it can be assumed that if any EMF data among the Multi Thermocouple ICI will direct the infinite value

El humanismo como paradigma de la enfermería como ciencia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Núñez Gómez Nicolás Arturo

1999-12-01

Full Text Available

Humanism's philosophical conception is presented to development a paradigm of nursing science. The nursing from creation has been guided toward professional practice and category; of Care has been fundamental contribution. In this article our intends is to grow some fine general of reflection so that nurses contribute to development of a science called nursing and whose accent is man in their multiple dimensions.

A partir del humanismo como concepción filosófica se presenta una propuesta para crear un paradigma de la enfermería como ciencia. Desde su creación, la enfermería se ha orientado hacia su práctica profesional y la categoría de cuidado ha sido su aporte fundamental. Este artículo se propone crear unas líneas generales de reflexión, para que las enfermeras aporten al desarrollo de una ciencia llamada enfermería y cuyo acento es el hombre en sus múltiples dimensiones.

Montagem e Imagem como Paradigma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cesar Huapaya

2016-01-01

Full Text Available O pensar como montagem e imagem tornou-se um método revelador nos processos de estudos práticos e teóricos do artista e dos pesquisadores nos séculos XX e XXI. Este artigo procura articular três formas de pensar por montagem: nas obras de Bertolt Brecht, Sergei Eisenstein e Georges DidiHuberman. O filósofo e historiador da arte Georges Didi-Huberman reinaugura o debate e o exercício de pensar a antropologia da imagem e a montagem como metalinguagem e forma de conhecimento.

Progress made by Framatome in neutron flux mapping technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mourlevat, J.L.

1999-01-01

A fixed in-core system based on self-powered neutron detectors (SPNDs) could improve the power distribution measurement accuracy and hence improve core operating margin knowledge. For that purpose, Framatome has tested rhodium neutron detectors as fixed in-core sensors. Two such in-core strings were installed during tie summer of 1997 at Golfech Unit 2, for a three-year experiment. (author)

La biblioteca como editora de contenidos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alonso-Arévalo, Julio

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Una de las características más innovadoras de la biblioteca del siglo 21 tiene que ver con la toma de una postura activa frente a la gestión y generación de contenidos. Con la llegada de la Web 2.0 las bibliotecas no sólo siguen salvaguardando y difundiendo información como han venido realizando a lo largo de su historia, también cada vez con más frecuencia crean nueva información con el objetivo de prestar los mejores servicios a sus ciudadanos, a través de recursos y servicios tales como la elaboración guías de investigación, boletines de alerta y novedades, recursos web, información a través de sus blogs, y como administradores de contenidos a través de repositorios y revistas de acceso abierto. Un paso más allá en esta dinámica tienen que ver con la biblioteca como editora y distribuidora de libros, especialmente en el ámbito local, siendo la impulsora, formadora, dinamizador y difusoras de las obras de los autores de su comunidad.

Quando um primitivo é como um orbe? Quando um primitivo é como um orbe?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Hillis Miller

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Minhas estratégias de analise textual se tornarão mais ou menos evidentes na leitura que se segue. Sua proveniência deveriam tornar-se & cia. 0 ensaio foi inicialmente pensado come parte do livro The Linguistic Moment (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985. Aqui, como no livro, minha preocupação maior e com aqueles momentos em poemas em que a poesia como meio de comunicação constitui problema. Interessa-me particularmente a forma pela qual as fronteiras entre a linguagem conceitual e a figurative se tornam pouco visiveis no poema "A Primitive like an Orb", da última fase da poesia de Wallace Stevens.

Development of a core management tool for MYRRHA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jalůvka, David; Van den Eynde, Gert; Vandewalle, Stefan

2013-01-01

Highlights: • An in-core fuel management tool is being developed for the flexible irradiation machine MYRRHA. • Specific issues of the MYRRHA in-core fuel management are briefly discussed. • The tool addresses the loading pattern optimization problem. • Illustrative in-core fuel management optimization problems are solved using the tool. - Abstract: MYRRHA is an advanced multi-purpose irradiation facility under development at SCK• CEN in Mol, Belgium. In order to ensure an economical and safe operation of the reactor, an in-core fuel management tool is being developed within the project to address the loading pattern optimization problem. In the paper, the current version of the tool – its architecture and design, unique features, and the field of its application, are presented. In the second part of the paper, the tool’s capabilities are demonstrated on simple MYRRHA in-core fuel management optimization problems

La transparencia como objetivo del desarrollo sostenible

OpenAIRE

Juan José Gilli

2017-01-01

El presente trabajo tiene por propósito precisar el significado de la transparencia en la gestión pública como una exigencia de carácter ético relacionada con la información que los agentes deben dar en el ámbito sus funciones, reconociendo al ciudadano como el dueño de la información que producen y guardan. La transparencia tiene un especial valor como herramienta para combatir la corrupción y, de esa forma, contribuir a la meta de lograr instituciones inclusivas y efectivas para el desarrol...

A montagem cinematográfica como ato criativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Dora Genis Mourão

2006-06-01

Full Text Available O foco deste trabalho é refletir sobre a montagem cinematográfica como ato criativo, não a montagem pensada como simples agenciadora de planos, mas como criadora de sentidos. É na maneira como o cinema articula e aproxima as imagens e os sons que verificamos sua transformação em discurso. Criam-se novos sentidos, uma nova lógica onde os significados não são transparentes, nascida da associação de fragmentos. Justapõem-se duas realidades: a da vida propriamente dita e a do filme, a do discurso e, ainda dentro do filme, a justaposição de planos determinando novas leituras das Imagens. Partindo dos princípios da teoria da montagem cinematográfica de S. M. Eisenstein, faremos um rápido panorama de como o cinema, no decorrer de sua história, foi influenciado pelos conceitos desenvolvidos em sua teoria.

Tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional Tuberculosis as occupational disease

OpenAIRE

Alberto Mendoza-Ticona

2012-01-01

Existe evidencia suficiente para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en diversos profesionales especialmente entre los trabajadores de salud. En el Perú están normados y reglamentados los derechos laborales inherentes a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional, como la cobertura por discapacidad temporal o permanente. Sin embargo, estos derechos aún no han sido suficientemente socializados. En este trabajo se presenta información sobre el riesgo de adquirir tuberculosis ...

A Imagem como Ruína

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Míriam Volpe

2001-12-01

Full Text Available O dialogismo ente o filme Citizen Kane, de Orson Welles, e o poema “Kubla Khan”, de S.T. Coleridgé, é analisado, sendo evidenciados não só o tema em comum – o mito do Paraíso perdido – como também a similariedade na organização do disurso na justaposição das images, como fragmentos da memória a serem preservados.

El Derecho como práctica y como discurso. La perspectiva de la persona como garantía de objetividad y razonabilidad en la interpretación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

PILAR ZAMBRANO

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El trabajo se propone ofrecer una comprensión tanto de los orígenes como de los límites de la problematicidad de la interpretación jurídica -en particular, aunque no de modo único, de la interpretación constitucional-, focalizada en la estructura intencional del Derecho como discurso escrito y como práctica social. En cuanto discurso, el Derecho se concibe como un conjunto de "actos del habla"; en tanto práctica social, la comprensibilidad del Derecho se vincula a los fines o a las intenciones que se proponen sus participantes y que lo distinguen de otras prácticas sociales. Se concluye desde esta doble perspectiva que, lejos de ser un método entre otros, la interpretación teleológica es la estructura formal indisponible de toda interpretación jurídica. Sobre esta base se intenta mostrar que, aunque la proyección teleológica del Derecho opere como causal de la problematicidad de la interpretación jurídica, al mismo tiempo se constituye en el límite o marco para la dimensión creativa de la interpretación. A partir de aquí se defiende la tesis de que la problematicidad de la interpretación jurídica no es sinónimo de arbitrariedad en el Derecho constitucionalizado, al menos si se asumen dos postulados. Primero, que la abstracción del lenguaje jurídico es indeterminación, pero no vaguedad. Segundo, que los fines últimos del Derecho se ligan a una concepción de persona objetiva -metafísica, no política-.

Estratégias para o alívio da sede: revisão integrativa da literatura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline Korki Arrabal Garcia

Full Text Available RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as estratégias utilizadas para minorar a sede do paciente hospitalizado. Método: revisão integrativa, para a qual as bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL e o conjunto de referências organizadas pelo Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa da Sede foram selecionadas para a busca dos estudos primários, com os descritores: thirst, ice, cold, intervention, nursingcare, artificialsaliva. Resultados: a amostra da revisão foi composta de 10 estudos primários. As estratégias encontradas foram: baixa temperatura utilizando gaze congelada, lascas de gelo e água fria, mentol associado a estratégias frias, goma de mascar, acupressão, uso de canudo fino, substituto salivar e ingestão precoce de líquidos. Conclusão: a temperatura apresentou-se como estratégia predominante e efetiva para minorar a sede de pacientes cirúrgicos, em cuidado intensivo e em tratamentos de hemodiálise.

Por que se faz políticas sociais no Brasil?: notas sobre estratégias de legitimação nos últimos dois governos federais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sobottka, Emil Albert

2006-01-01

Full Text Available As reformas de orientação meoliberal que foram implementadas no Brasil na década de 1990 afetaram profundamente as políticas sociais, mas as mudanças foram justificadas como reforma do estado e não das políticas. Seu escopo era a despolitização da administração pública. O governo de orientação social-democrata de Lula da Silva que se seguiu buscou legitimar sua política social priorizando a criação de alguns espaços de participação da sociedade numa esfera pública - mas sem alcançar o efeito dos governos locais do mesmo partido. Por isso o presente texto se propõe a enfocar as mudanças institucionais que afetam aquela política propostas pelos últimos dois governos enquanto substitutos de uma fundamentação discursiva de projetos distintos de reforma

Por que se faz políticas sociais no Brasil?: notas sobre estratégias de legitimação nos últimos dois governos federais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sobottka, Emil Albert

2006-01-01

Full Text Available As reformas de orientação meoliberal que foram implementadas no Brasil na década de 1990 afetaram profundamente as políticas sociais, mas as mudanças foram justificadas como reforma do estado e não das políticas. Seu escopo era a despolitização da administração pública. O governo de orientação social-democrata de Lula da Silva que se seguiu buscou legitimar sua política social priorizando a criação de alguns espaços de participação da sociedade numa esfera pública - mas sem alcançar o efeito dos governos locais do mesmo partido. Por isso o presente texto se propõe a enfocar as mudanças institucionais que afetam aquela política propostas pelos últimos dois governos enquanto substitutos de uma fundamentação discursiva de projetos distintos de reforma.

LAS CIUDADES COMO TERRITORIO DE LA EDUCACIÓN INTEGRAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Silvia Serra

2015-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Habitar las ciudades es un proceso en el que se encuentran anudadas cuestiones materiales y simbólicas. Este lazo debe ser atendido y puesto en valor en términos históricos y culturales ya que forma parte de nuestro aprendizaje como sujetos urbanos. En este sentido, tal como afirma Andreas Huyssen (2002: 191 "...la ciudad funciona como un tipo de prisma" que permite "enfocar" una multiplicidad de temáticas que no están solo ligadas al urbanismo o a la arquitectura, sino también a experiencias culturales y construcciones simbólicas que articulan el hecho concreto de vivir en las ciudades. Es así que, siguiendo a este autor, podemos afirmar que la ciudad es un texto que puede ser leído como un verdadero espacio de signos. Una casa, un barrio, un edificio, los espacios públicos, las calles y veredas, los monumentos son reservorios de un tiempo y una memoria que requieren de una multiplicidad de lecturas para transformarse en escenarios de aprendizajes integradores. Cuestionar a la ciudad como territorio de la educación integral así como reconocer las cuestiones centrales que se ponen a prueba cuando esto se postula como una política pública son los objetivos principales del presente artículo, para lo cual proponemos un recorrido a partir de considerar conceptos nodales como los de educación integral y pedagogía urbana.

Characteristics of self-powered neutron detectors used in power reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Todt, W.H.

1997-01-01

Self-Powered Neutron Detectors have been used effectively as in-core flux monitors for over twenty-five years in nuclear power reactors world-wide. The basic properties of these radiation sensors are described including their nuclear, electrical and mechanical characteristics. Recommendations are given for the proper choice of the self-powered detector emitter to provide the proper response time and radiation sensitivity desired for use in an effective in-core radiation monitoring system. Examples are shown of specific self-powered detector designs which are being effectively used in in-core instrumentation systems for pressurised water, heavy water and graphite moderated light water reactors. Examples are also shown of the mechanical configurations of in-core assemblies of self-powered detectors combined with in-core thermocouples presently used in pressurised water and heavy water reactors worldwide. This paper is a summary of a new IEC standard to be issued in 1996 describing the characteristics and test methods of self-powered detectors used in nuclear power reactors. (author)

La sangre como espectáculo.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Darío Buitrón

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El autor asevera que cuando la información es concebida y tratada como una mercancía y no como un bien social, la avidez por el lucro la degenera en productos abyectos donde la sangre es espectáculo que sirve para exacerbar el morbo social, incrementar las ventas y los ingresos publicitarios. Señala que lamentablemente en el Ecuador este tipo de periodismo es una plaga muy bien vendida.

La fatiga como estado motivacional subjetivo

OpenAIRE

D. Cárdenas; J. Conde-González; J.C. Perales

2017-01-01

Actualmente no existe consenso sobre los factores que determinan la aparición de la fatiga. Hay factores que se derivan exclusivamente del esfuerzo físico, otros que dependen del esfuerzo mental que este lleva aparejado, y otros de los resultados de la tarea que se está realizando. Como consecuencia, se han desarrollado diferentes modelos explicativos que pretenden aunar las diferentes razones de su aparición. No obstante, la tendencia actual es entender la fatiga como un estado motivacion...

Pascal e o amor-próprio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Robert Armogathe

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Uma abordagem lexográfica do amor próprio nos escritos de Pascal: carta (1651 sobre a morte de seu pai, frag. La 978 e nove ocorrências nos Pensamentos. A partir dos diferentes "amores-próprios" enumerados pela tradição, o amor-próprio natural de Adão, anterior à Queda, que para Tomás de Aquino é indiferente, é identificado por Jansenius como pervertido em concupiscência. Em sua Apologia, Pascal segue a linha jansenista de um modo tão radical que os teólogos de Port-Royal julgaram preciso mitigar seus sentimentos a ponto de contradizê-lo, como fez Nicole, que descreveu o amor-próprio como um substituto hipocrítico do comportamento virtuoso.A lexicological approach of self-love in Pascal’s writings: letter (1651 about his father’s death, frag. La 978 and nine occurrences in the Pensées. From the different "self-loves" enumerated by the tradition, Adam’s natural self-love, before the Fall, which is indifferent for Thomas Aquinas, is identified by Jansenius as perverted into concupiscentia. In his Apology, Pascal follows the Jansenist line, in such a radical way that the Port-Royal theologians found necessary to mitigate his feelings, up to contradict him, like Nicole did, who described self-love as a hypocritical substitute to virtuous behaviour.

La reforma agraria como factor del desarrollo regional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Ambrósio Ferreira Neto

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo debate la reforma agraria brasilera como instrumento de desarrollo regional, discutiendo la política actual de asentamientos rurales y su importancia en los procesos de interacción con las dinámicas locales y regionales, investigando las transformaciones que esos proyectos pueden provocar en los municipios donde están inmersos. El trabajo toma como punto central de discusión los argumentos de Polanyi sobre los factores de producción, tierra, capital y trabajo, y de Amartya Sen sobre libertad como factor de desarrollo. La discusión emprendida defiende la reforma agraria como forma de conceder oportunidades y una condición de agentes a sus beneficiarios. Argumentamos que el acceso a la tierra, y a los medios de producción, garantiza al trabajador el control sobre su fuerza de trabajo.

La proyección como proceso y como mecanismo

OpenAIRE

Brusset, Bernard

2001-01-01

La proyección es a la vez un mecanismo elemental testimonio de la fragilidad de la organización defensiva y un proceso cuyo rol es fundamental en el funcionamiento psíquico. En este doble aspecto, la proyección guarda especificidades diferentes en la neurosis y en la psicosis al punto que se las deba considerar como fundamentalmente diferentes? O bien las diferencias de contexto, del nivel del funcionamiento psíquico, de lugar, de función pueden explicar las diferencias clínicas justificando ...

Quitina y carboximetilquitosana como agentes desintegrantes

OpenAIRE

Sol A Fernández Monagas; María D Rodríguez Albadalejo; Ofelia Bilbao Revoredo; Olga M Nieto Acosta

1998-01-01

Se realizó un estudio comparativo de la quitina y la carboximetilquitosana como agentes desintegrantes, y se evaluó la influencia ejercida por el método empleado en la elaboración de las tabletas sobre la actividad desintegrante de ambos polímeros. La quitina presentó buenas características como agente desintegrante independientemente del método utilizado en la elaboración de las tabletas, mientras que la actividad desintegrante de la carboximetilquitosana fue afectada por el proceso de granu...

Dibujo infantil como medio de diagnostico

OpenAIRE

González Hernando, Elisa

2015-01-01

Con este documento se pretende demostrar la importancia que tiene el dibujo infantil en el correcto desarrollo integral de las personas. Se estudia la importancia del dibujo y su valor a la hora de utilizarlo como método de diagnóstico ante determinados aspectos que pueden determinar la vida de una persona. En definitiva lo que se desarrolla en este trabajo de Fin de Grado es el papel que juega el dibujo como herramienta para el seguimiento del desarrollo de los individuos centrándonos ...

Filosofia da ciência como ferramenta microeconômica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Barbieri

2009-06-01

Full Text Available A teoria neoclássica pressupõe conhecimento perfeito. A crítica hayekiana a essa teoria, por sua vez, afirma que esse conhecimento é resultado do processo competitivo e, portanto, não pode ser considerado como dado. O “Problema de Hayek” investiga sob que condições o conhecimento do agente se aproxima dos reais fundamentos de uma economia. A fim de solucionar o “Problema de Hayek”, o nosso artigo utiliza algumas idéias da literatura de metodologia da Ciência, conhecida como teoria do “crescimento do conhecimento” (Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos e outros. Essas idéias são utilizadas para se compreender como evolui o conhecimento dos agentes econômicos, em especial o dos empresários. Estes são vistos como ativos formuladores de teorias empresariais conjecturais criticadas no processo competitivo, não como agentes passivos que maximizam funções já conhecidas da teoria convencional. Utiliza-se a Filosofia da Ciência não para analisar metodologicamente a microeconomia, mas, sim, como ferramenta analítica pertencente à própria teoria econômica.

In-core power sharing and fuel requirement study for a decommissioning Boiling Water Reactor using the linear reactivity model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Chung-Yuan; Tung, Wu-Hsiung; Yaur, Shung-Jung; Kuo, Weng-Sheng

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Linear reactivity model (LRM) was modified and applied to Boiling Water Reactor. • The power sharing and fuel requirement study of the last cycle and two cycles before decommissioning was implemented. • The loading pattern design concept for the cycles before decommissioning is carried out. - Abstract: A study of in-core power sharing and fuel requirement for a decommissioning BWR (Boiling Water Reactor) was carried out using the linear reactivity model (LRM). The power sharing of each fuel batch was taken as an independent variable, and the related parameters were set and modified to simulate actual cases. Optimizations of the last cycle and two cycles before decommissioning were both implemented; in the last-one-cycle optimization, a single cycle optimization was carried out with different upper limits of fuel batch power, whereas, in the two-cycle optimization, two cycles were optimized with different cycle lengths, along with two different optimization approaches which are the simultaneous optimization of two cycles (MO) and two successive single-cycle optimizations (SO). The results of the last-one-cycle optimization show that it is better to increase the fresh fuel power and decrease the thrice-burnt fuel power as much as possible. It also shows that relaxing the power limit is good to the fresh fuel requirement which will be reduced under lower power limit. On the other hand, the results of the last-two-cycle (cycle N-1 and N) optimization show that the MO is better than SO, and the power of fresh fuel batch should be decreased in cycle N-1 to save its energy for the next cycle. The results of the single-cycle optimization are found to be the same as that in cycle N of the multi-cycle optimization. Besides that, under the same total energy requirement of two cycles, a long-short distribution of cycle length design can save more fresh fuel

El anisakis y sus enfermedades como enfermedad profesional

OpenAIRE

Vicente Pardo, José Manuel

2016-01-01

El anisakis es un parásito complejo de los animales marinos. El hombre no es el hospedador adecuado, ya que en él la larva L3 no puede completar su ciclo vital, siendo por tanto un hospedador accidental u ocasional, que se interpone en el ciclo vital del nemátodo, y al que el anisakis le puede causar tanto la parasitación como la alergia, cuando ingiere pescado o cefalópodos crudos o poco cocinados: tales como sushi, sashimi, ceviche gravlax noruego, lomi-lomi hawaiano, así como pescados en e...

O espaço alimentar e seu papel na socialização da infância

OpenAIRE

Lessa, Juliana Schumacker

2011-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Florianópolis, 2011 Os momentos destinados à alimentação na creche representam o principal eixo norteador da rotina institucional da educação infantil, sobretudo naquelas de atendimento integral. Legitimado pelos campos da educação e da saúde, o espaço alimentar, nestas instituições, é reconhecido como central na formação do gosto ou, do hábito, e na incor...

New technologies for acceleration and vibration measurements inside operating nuclear power reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Runkel, J.; Stegemann, D.; Fiedler, J.; Heidemann, P.; Blaser, R.; Schmid, F.; Trobitz, M.; Hirsch, L.; Thoma, K.

2000-01-01

A miniature bi-axial in-core accelerometer has been inserted temporarily inside the travelling in-core probe (TIP) systems of operating 1300 MW el boiling water reactors (BWR) during full power operation. In-core acceleration measurements can be performed in any position of the TIP system. This provides new features of control technologies to preserve the integrity of reactor internals. The radial and axial position where fretting or impacting of instrumentation string tubes or other structures might occur can be localised inside the reactor pressure vessel. The efficiency and long-term performance of subsequent improvements of the mechanical or operating conditions can be controlled with high local resolution and sensitivity. Low frequency vibrations of the instrumentation tubes were measured inside the core. Neutron-mechanical scale factors were determined from neutron noise, measured by the standard in-core neutron instrumentation and from displacements of the TIP tubes, calculated by integration of the measured in-core acceleration signals. The scale factors contribute to qualitative and quantitative monitoring of BWR internals' vibrations only by the use of neutron signals. (authors)

EL APRENDIZAJE ORGANIZACIONAL COMO FACILITADOR DE RELACIONES SOCIALES RESPONSABLES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliecer Mayorca Capataz

2014-08-01

Full Text Available La importancia que tienen las relaciones sociales y el aprendizaje en la vida del ser humano: ser social, ser de relaciones, un ser abierto que se define por las relaciones con los demás, se considera imprescindible, abordar el tema para favorecer el desarrollo integral de la personas. Ello supone que, la vida para su permanente desarrollo implica en la persona, articular un entramado de relaciones, mediante la experiencia de aprendizaje y el reconocimiento de los valores fundamentales como el respeto por la humanidad, en un todo interrelacionado, en el que, de alguna forma, remite el actuar de las personas, a su racionalidad, a su espontaneidad, a la forma como se comunica y trabaja con los otros, a la manera constante de aprender, de buscar la calidad de vida, de amar su oficio como forma de influencia positiva, y establecer relaciones socialmente responsables. Para ello, se estableció como objetivo: realizar un análisis conceptual del aprendizaje organizacional como facilitador de las relaciones sociales responsables en la organización. Metodológicamente, el trabajo es de carácter documental y bibliográfico, soportadas en investigaciones previas; y como reflexión se estableció que el centro para aprender y relacionarse es el hombre.

Effect of pork backfat replacement for vegetal oils in the quality characteristics, oxidative stability and microstructure of mortadellaEfeito da substituição da gordura suína por óleos vegetais nas características de qualidade, estabilidade oxidativa e microestrutura de mortadela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Felipe Ferraz Yunes

2013-06-01

Full Text Available This study was developed with the aim to evaluate the use of different vegetable oils as a replacer for pork backfat. For this, there were used canola, linseed, olive and soybean oils at two levels of replacement (50 and 100%. There were evaluated the physico-chemical characteristics (proximate composition, pH and water activity, instrumental color, microbiological characteristics, lipid oxidation (TBARS and microstructure during storage at room temperature for 60 days. The products had the quality parameters required by the Brazilian legislation. There was a pH decrease during storage due to the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Products containing vegetable oils showed higher levels of lightness (L* and yellowness (b* and lower levels of redness (a*. TBARS values remained under the perceptible threshold by the consumers and microstructure characteristics were similar to those observed in other kinds of cooked meat sausages. Thus, the use of canola, linseed, olive or soybean oils is a viable alternative as a substitute for pork backfat in elaboration of mortadella.Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de diferentes óleos vegetais como substituto da gordura animal em mortadela. Para isso, foram utilizados os óleos de canola, linhaça, oliva e soja em dois níveis de substituição (50 e 100%. Foram avaliadas as características físico-químicas (composição centesimal, pH e Atividade de água, cor instrumental, características microbiológicas, oxidação lipídica (TBARS e microestrutura durante armazenamento em temperatura ambiente por 60 dias. Os produtos apresentaram os parâmetros de qualidade exigidos pela legislação brasileira. Houve uma queda nos valores de pH durante o armazenamento devido ao crescimento de bactérias láticas. Os produtos contendo óleos vegetais apresentaram teores de luminosidade (L* e amarelo (b* superiores e teor de vermelho (a* inferior ao controle. Os valores de TBARS mantiveram

EL CONFLICTO COMO CONSTRUCTOR DE CIUDAD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Twiggy Ortegón

2012-04-01

Full Text Available El planteamiento central de este articulo, es el de sugerir una análisis en torno a algunas de las condiciones o mecanismo necesarios para que el conflicto opere como un potenciador de la diferencia y creador de alternativas para la convivencia Se realiza una distinción del concepto, un análisis de contenidos interaccionales en dinámicas de conflicto y su relación con el contexto urbano de Bogotá, enfocándose en ámbitos escolares. En ciudades como Bogotá, las discusiones y acciones que diferentes estamentos han emprendido frente a la manera de concebir y gestionar el conflicto, desembocan en la creación de diferentes organismos como los centros de conciliación, la aplicación de fórmulas y técnicas para la solución de conflictos, el desarrollo de propuestas desde entes administrativos a nivel distrital y las nuevas disposiciones que plantea la Ley 115 sobre Gobierno Escolar y manuales de convivencia.

The Virtue of Knowing-How = A virtude do saber-como

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santos, Felipe Rocha Lima

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Intelectualistas sobre o conhecimento-como afirmam que o conhecimento-como é um tipo de conhecimento proposicional. Antiintelectualistas procuram demonstrar que existem casos em que o agente possui conhecimento-como, mas não possuem conhecimento proposicional. Este artigo se concentra nos recentes argumentos antiintelectualistas propostos por Carter e Pritchard. Procuro mostrar que os argumentos de Carter e Pritchard não são bem sucedidos e que, aplicando a epistemologia das virtudes ao debate, pode-se concluir que o conhecimento-como compartilha as mesmas propriedades epistêmicas que o conhecimento proposicional. Se isso é o caso, então é possível afirmar que o conhecimento-como é um tipo de conhecimento proposicional, deixando a salvo novamente o intelectualismo

Robots como ferramenta pedagógica nos primeiros anos a aprendizagem como participação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SÓNIA MATILDE PINTO CORREIA MARTINS

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo describe y analiza un proyecto realizado con dos grados del 1er ciclo de enseñanza básica en Portugal (2doy 3er grado que trabajaron en conjunto con robots, tomando el aprendizaje como un fenómeno intrín-secamente relacionado a la participación en comunidades de práctica (Lave, 1996; Lave; Wenger, 1991. Se pretende caracterizar a los participantes, a la metodología de trabajo implementada, describirlos artefactos utilizados (robots y escritura de una historia y analizar la relación de los participantes con los robots, así como los patrones de participación que se relevaron con este tipo de trabajo. Se busca enfatizar e las contribuciones derivadas de la participación en ambientes sociales digitales para el aprendizaje de los alumnos, como la participación y la negociación conjunta de significados, la importancia de que los robots y la historia hayan sido “construidos” por los alumnos y la existencia de un repertorio compartido y un emprendi-miento conjunto.

Tragédias nas escolas americanas: como entendê-las? Como impedir que voltem a acontecer?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eva Paulino Bueno

2011-05-01

Full Text Available

Este artigo dá uma visão histórica do direito de portar armas nos Estados Unidos, e como a existência e facilidade de obtenção de armas têm causado inúmeras tragédias em escolas. Fala também das diferentes maneiras que as pessoas reagem às tragédias e como impedir que ocorram.

La Realidad Aumentada como complemento motivacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gazcón, Nicolás Fernando

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El acelerado avance de la tecnología permite que las tecnologías emergentes sean accesibles por todos los usuarios. Ejemplos de estas tecnologías son la Realidad Aumentada y la Reconstrucción 3D, que gracias a dispositivos como tabletas o teléfonos inteligentes, pueden utilizarse de manera ubicua. Éstas tienen un enorme potencial en el campo de la educación, ya sea como recurso para entender conceptos complejos, como para motivar el aprendizaje de nuevos contenidos. El desafío de estas tecnologías es integrarlas para que sean accesibles y fáciles de utilizar por los docentes y los alumnos. En este trabajo presentamos una metodología para motivar el aprendizaje tanto en tareas de campo, mediante el uso de la Reconstrucción 3D, como en el ámbito escolar mediante libros aumentados. Por medio de un caso de estudio introducimos la Reconstrucción 3D de elementos fósiles de un sitio paleontológico bonaerense, para luego incorporar estos contenidos generados en un libro aumentado. A partir de la digitalización de huellas y fósiles de sitios paleontológicos, se obtuvieron modelos 3D que se integraron en un ambiente de aprendizaje inmersivo en el aula mediante los libros aumentados. Presentamos las opiniones de docentes de distintas disciplinas, que resaltan las posibilidades de esta metodología para su inclusión en el ámbito educacional regional.

Los ancianos como actores sociales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mª PIA ARENYS

1996-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se recogen las discusiones de grupo que se realizaron durante cuatro meses en Barcelona como preparación del "II congreso de la gent gran" (II congreso de ancianos de esta ciudad, en noviembre de 1993. las discusiones se llevaron a cabo en las sedes de cada distrito, previa presentación de la ponencia por parte de un técnico. los componentes de los grupos son personas mayores sensibilizadas y comprometidas que forman parte del consejo de bienestar social del ayuntamiento de Barcelona. la metodología utilizada es cualitativa para el análisis del discurso, que se ha estructurado en los siguientes puntos: bajo el epígrafe "los ancianos como ciudadanos de derechos y obligaciones" se recogen los temas de valoración de la vejez, la familia, la jubilación, las implicaciones de los ancianos como ciudadanos de derechos y deberes y las funciones sociales de los ancianos.-- sobre estos temas, los mayores expresaron sus opiniones, que se vertieron, resumidamente, en la redacción final de la ponencia. aquí se recogen y se han analizado los materiales que ofrecen una versión de primera mano sobre lo que opinan los ancianos respecto al tema de "la valoración de la vejez".

Quests em World Of Warcraft como estrutura narrativa seriada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jônatas Kerr de Oliveira

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Assumindo que as quests em World of Warcraft funcionam como uma estrutura narrativa dentro do jogo, busca-se verificar se esta estrutura apresenta características que possam caracterizá-la como uma narrativa seriada. Para tal, é feita uma análise das principais características da narrativa seriada televisiva, assim como da estrutura de quests, para verificar a viabilidade de tal aproximação. Sendo a estrutura narrativa de quests em MMORPGs uma estrutura narrativa seriada, abre-se um grande leque de possibilidades, tanto para as análises teóricas dos videogames, utilizando o ferramental adaptado, como para os game designers utilizarem este referencial para acrescer detalhes aos mundos ficcionais criados.

O SERTÃO COMO FORMA DE PENSAMENTO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Willi Bolle

1998-10-01

Full Text Available Focalizando um micromodelo do sertão, o "Liso do Sussuarão", este ensaio es tuda a construção da paisagem em Grande sertão: veredas como componente de um retrato do Brasil. Partindo do confronto entregeografia inventada e geografia rea l, examina-se a tese rosiana do sertãocomo um "pensamento" que "se forma mais forte do que o poder do lugar", comparando essa tese com o paradigma dos viajantes naturalistas, o determinismo positivista de Euclides da Cunha e a nova historiografia. Como traço estilístico dominante é detectado um modo de escreverque S€ pode chamar de "poética da dissolução", pela qual o romance de Rosa se configura como um poderoso dissolvente de outros tipos de discursos sobre o Brasil.

La subjetividad como superación del reproductivismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela Yamila Gómez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo tiene como objetivo recuperar la esfera de lo subjetivo como eje de la teoría y de la investigación social. Se proponen dos argumentos principales: a el abordaje de la subjetividad no equivale a subjetivismo; y b tampoco equivale a una mirada microsociológica que no dé cuenta de los procesos sociales generales. Partiendo de estas dos premisas, el estudio del mundo de la vida experimentado y realizado por los sujetos permitirá superar el reproductivismo, comprendiendo la relación entre las condiciones objetivas y subjetivas, así como la posibilidad y existencia del cambio social.

Pesquisa como instrumento da prática

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maura Maria Guimarães de Almeida

1995-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho aborda a utilização da pesquisa como instrumento da prática profissional da enfermaria na área de assistência, administração e ensino. Situa a ciência como processo. Ressalta a responsabilidade da enfermeira na produção da conhecimento científico. Destaca os fatores que dificultam e facilitam a pesquisa, além dos aspectos éticos envolvidos.

Ensayos argumentativos en inglés como lengua extranjera y su escritura como una práctica social situada: revisión de conceptos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Antonio Chala

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta una discusión sobre las tendencias teóricas que ven la escritura de ensayos argumentativos en inglés lengua extranjera como práctica social situada. Los conceptos que se exploran en este documento constituyen la base de una propuesta de investigación que aborda la escritura argumentativa desde una perspectiva innovadora, social, situada, y basada en la enseñanza de géneros que se puede ver como una alternativa para fomentar la escritura de ensayos en inglés lengua extranjera como una práctica social situada que trascienda los límites del salón de clase. La discusión de los conceptos se visualiza primero desde la teoría de aprendizaje de una segunda lengua y los dominios de la lingüística aplicada que fundamentan la propuesta. Luego se presentan, se exploran y se explican los conceptos centrales; éstos incluyen, primero, la escritura como práctica social situada, segundo, la escritura de ensayos argumentativos como un proceso dinámico de creación, y tercero, el género como acción social situada. Finalmente, el artículo presenta una reflexión sobre cómo estos conceptos se pueden entender e interrelacionar para que la escritura de ensayos argumentativos sea abordada como una práctica de alfabetización que contribuya a la formación de estudiantes de inglés lengua extranjera como escritores reflexivos, críticos y sociales.

Produção de Biodiesel Metílico de Soja com o Auxílio de um Coletor Solar Sustentável

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Antonio Pimentel Cavalcanti

2016-06-01

Full Text Available A busca por fontes de energias alternativas tem aumentado substancialmente na última década, devido a expectativa de diminuição gradativa das reservas de petróleo e aumento da preocupação com as questões ambientais. O biodiesel vem se consolidando como potencial substituto para o diesel, porém, um dos gargalos da produção ainda é o custo operacional. Uma alternativa ao processo é utilizar coletores solares para realizar o aquecimento da reação de transesterificação. O presente trabalho propôs a construção de um protótipo de coletor solar constituído de matérias potencialmente recicláveis como garrafas PET e embalagens do tipo Tetra Pak. As garrafas PET foram recortadas na sua parte inferior para um encaixe futuro, tendo como função a proteção da parte absorvedora do painel do protótipo. As embalagens Tetra Pak foram pintadas de preto fosco em apenas um dos lados com intuito de absorver com maior eficiência os raios solares. Após a construção do coletor, foram realizados testes de aquecimento, para verificar se o mesmo forneceria a temperatura mínima desejada para haver a reação de transesterificação. O perfil de ésteres presentes no biodiesel, bem como, o seu teor de éster foram avaliados por cromatografia gasosa e seu valor enquadrado na resolução ANP N° 14 de 2012.

La Seguridad ciudadana como función del Estado

OpenAIRE

Ridaura Martínez, María Josefa

2014-01-01

Este trabajo se centra en uno de los temas medulares de la organización del Estado como es la garantía de la seguridad, y tiene como objeto reivindicar, al calor la reciente sacudida legislativa en materia, la función de la Seguridad ciudadana como una función pública a desarrollar por las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad; en tanto que exigencia constitucional, presupuesto de la salvaguarda de los derechos fundamentales y de las libertades públicas.

Milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L. R.Br. como substituto do milho em rações para codornas-japonesas em postura (Coturnix coturnix japonica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leandro N.S.M.

1999-01-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o desempenho de codornas-japonesas em postura alimentadas com níveis crescentes de milheto-grão na ração. Duzentas codornas com 70 dias de idade, submetidas a um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições de 10 aves, receberam níveis de milheto de 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% em substituição ao milho em rações na fase de postura. Foram medidos a produção e o peso dos ovos, o consumo de ração, a mortalidade, a coloração da gema pelo leque colorimétrico, e calculada a conversão alimentar em termos de massa e de dúzia de ovos. Os índices de produtividade das codornas não foram afetados pelos diferentes níveis de substituição estudados e o milheto-grão se constituiu em uma fonte de substituição do milho para codornas-japonesas, devendo-se, porém, incluir na ração uma fonte de pigmentação para a gema dos ovos.

LA UTOPÍA FEMINISTA COMO TRANSGRESIÓN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Luisa Femenias

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen Tal como sucede –según lo enunció Kate Millet hace más de cincuenta años- respecto de las vanguardias literarias de comienzos del siglo XX, las estudiosas actuales de la literatura utópica reconocen que el esquema tradicional seguido por los escritores varones es “utópico” en todos sus aspectos, menos en la deconstrucción de los roles de sexo-género. Sobre este marco general, revisaré la noción de “utopía feminista” como transgresión al modelo canónico y, a su vez, desafío al orden social considerado “natural”. Para ello, examinaré algunos problemas vinculados a la caracterización de la literatura utópica como tal, y el frecuente abandono de sus fundamentos filosóficos.

La naturaleza como contraseña del comportamiento moral en Lucrecio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ramón Román Alcalá

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Voy a intentar probar que en Lucrecio la naturaleza actúa como elemento clave para todo su sistema. Con una lógica coherente el poeta demuestra que la naturaleza como principio de realidad está sustentando, primero la creación del cosmos como principio material, segundo, el desarrollo de la raza humana, como principio antropológico y, por último, la acción y la conducta humana como principio moral. La naturaleza es, así, una marca para la comprensión del cosmos, una clave para el conocimiento de la humanidad y una contraseña que activa el comportamiento moral.

Ouabaina como Hormona

OpenAIRE

J. Hernando Ordoñez

1996-01-01

Comentario sobre su origen endógeno y sus aplicaciones terapéuticas

Pocas drogas han sido más estudiadas que el grupo de los digitálicos, estrofantinas y ouabaina, cuyo estudio es objeto del presente trabajo.

La ouabaina empezó a ser estudiada desde el siglo pasado. La primera referencia conocida corresponde a Pelikan, 1865 (1), como veneno que empleaban para las flechas en Gabón (Africa). (.)

Los patrones de asentamiento como recurso patrimonial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Lista Martín

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Los patrones de asentamiento son las pautas con las que distribuyen los diferentes elementos construidos, como casas, caminos, campos, espacios públicos o fábricas, y son una expresión cultural de la sociedad que los construye. Tanto el tipo de elementos, su número como su distribución, dependen del nivel tecnológico, de la estructura social y de su bagaje cultural. Se puede decir, por tanto, que en los patrones estaría reflejado el conocimiento que la sociedad tenia del medio, así como sus anhelos, prioridades e, incluso, sus malas prácticas. La presente comunicación propone que estos patrones puedan servir de base para el planeamiento territorial actual, no sólo preservando aquello que realmente tenga valor, sino incluso recreándolos o reproduciéndolos a otras escalas siempre que puedan aportar un valor añadido al territorio. El escrito plantea una pregunta: ¿Qué se debe mantener de los patrones tradicionales y qué se puede, o incluso se debe, cambiar?, y para responderla en la primera parte se analizan someramente algunos asentamientos-tipo y en la segunda se indican pautas de actuación que han aparecido como propuestas en planes de ordenación territorial en los últimos años.

Danzas como tradición y como disputa: la ilusión comunitaria china en el Soconusco chiapaneco

OpenAIRE

Lisbona Guillén, Miguel

2015-01-01

Referir la impronta dejada por los inmigrantes chinos que llegaron a Chiapas a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX parece algo manido para quien conoce el estado y, muy especialmente, su región costera: el Soconusco. Sin embargo, lo obvio, por perceptible, como puede ser la existencia de una tradición gastronómica conocida como comida china, y convertida en marca de identidad en la región, no significa que la construcción de "lo chino" o de una "comunidad china" por parte de los hijos o...

Utilização do dióxido de cloro e do ácido peracético como substitutos do hipoclorito de sódio na sanitização do cheiro-verde minimamente processado Using chlorine dioxide and peracetic acid as substitutes for sodium hypocloride in the sanitization of minimally processed green seasoning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvana Mariana Srebernich

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Hortaliças minimamente processadas são produtos prontos para o consumo e devem estar livres de patógenos. A lavagem desses vegetais deve ser feita com água de boa qualidade e complementada com adição de solução sanitizante, visando reduzir a carga microbiológica acompanhante e minimizando a sua deterioração, ou seja, aumentando a conservação do produto e tornando-o microbiologicamente mais seguro. O hipoclorito de sódio é o único sanitizante permitido pela legislação brasileira para esse fim. Embora eficiente, seu uso tem sido questionado por ser precursor na formação de cloraminas orgânicas, compostos de alto potencial carcinogênico. Diversos sanitizantes têm sido propostos como substitutos do hipoclorito de sódio na desinfecção de hortaliças, destacando entre eles o dióxido de cloro e o ácido peracético. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar, através de análises microbiológicas, a eficiência do dióxido de cloro (10, 25 e 50 ppm/2, 5 e 10 minutos e do ácido peracético (60, 80 e 100 ppm/5, 10 e 15 minutos em comparação ao hipoclorito de sódio (120 ppm/15 minutos no controle da microbiota acompanhante do cheiro-verde minimamente processado. As matérias-primas, salsa e cebolinha, in natura, foram submetidas à ação das soluções sanitizantes conforme tempos e concentrações pré-estabelecidos, e em seguida processadas obtendo-se as amostras de cheiro-verde. No caso da amostra-controle (testemunha, as operações de lavagem foram feitas apenas com água da rede. Os tratamentos foram repetidos em 3 épocas com intervalos de 4 meses. De cada tratamento foram coletadas 3 amostras (embalagens de 150 g para posterior análise microbiológica de Salmonella sp., coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e contagem total de fungos. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas junto com a avaliação estatística mostraram que maiores concentrações e maiores tempos de ação dos sanitizantes

Swine deep bedding ashes as a mineral additive for cement based mortar Cinzas de cama sobreposta de suínos como adição mineral em argamassas de cimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Melissa Selaysim Di Campos

2008-04-01

Full Text Available The sustainability of intensive swine production demands alternative destinations for the generated residues. Ashes from swine rice husk-based deep bedding were tested as a mineral addition for cement mortars. The ashes were obtained at 400 to 600ºC, ground and sieved through a 325 mesh sieve (# 0.045 mm. The characterization of the ashes included the determination of the index of pozzolanic activity with lime. The ashes were also tested as partial substitutes of Portland cement. The mortars were prepared using a cement:sand proportion of 1:1.5, and with water/cement ratio of 0.4. Three percentages of mass substitution of the cement were tested: 10, 20 and 30%. Mortar performances were assessed at 7 and 28 days determining their compressive strength. The chosen condition for calcinations at the laboratory scale was related to the maximum temperature of 600ºC since the resulting ashes contained vitreous materials and presented satisfactory values for the pozzolanic index under analysis. The pozzolanic activity indicated promising results for ashes produced at 600ºC as a replacement of up to 30% in cement masses.A sustentabilidade das regiões de produção intensiva de suínos requer destinos alternativos para os resíduos gerados. Cinzas de cama sobreposta de suínos à base casca de arroz, foram testadas como adição mineral em substituição ao cimento. As cinzas foram obtidas nas temperaturas de 400 a 600ºC, moídas e passadas por peneira ABNT 325 (# 0,045 mm. A caracterização de cinzas incluiu a determinação do índice de atividade pozolânica com a cal. As cinzas também foram testadas como substitutos parciais de cimento Portland. As argamassas foram preparadas na proporção cimento:areia de 1:1,5 e com fator água-cimento de 0,4. Três porcentagens de substituição do cimento comercial foram usadas: 10, 20 e 30% em massa. O desempenho das argamassas foi avaliado aos 7 e aos 28 dias com a determinação da resistência �

Kalman filtering of self-powered neutron detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kantrowitz, M.L.

1992-01-01

Pressurized water reactors employ a wide variety of in-core detectors to determine the neutronic behavior within the core. Among the detectors used are rhodium and vanadium self-powered detectors (SPDs), which are very accurate, but respond slowly to changes in neutron flux. This paper describes a new dynamic compensation algorithm, based on Kalman filtering, which converts delayed-responding rhodium and vanadium SPDs into prompt-responding detectors by reconstructing the dynamic flux signal sensed by the detectors from the prompt and delayed components. This conversion offers the possibility of utilizing current fixed in-core detector systems based on these delayed-responding detectors for core control and/or core protection functions without the need for fixed in-core detectors which are prompt-responding. As a result, the capabilities of current fixed in-core detector systems could be expanded significantly without a major hardware investment

Los rincones como contextos significativos de aprendizaje

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Molero, María Luisa

2016-01-01

En el presente trabajo se pretende hacer un estudio sobre los rincones de trabajo en el aula de Educación Infantil, describiéndolos como modelo de organización del espacio y como estrategia metodológica que aboga por un aprendizaje socioconstructivista. El estudio se completa con la descripción y el análisis de los rincones de un aula específica de un centro escolar, incorporando diversas propuestas de mejora fundamentadas en el previo estudio teórico

Inglês como língua franca: desenvolvimentos recentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Telma Gimenez

Full Text Available Em face da atual posição do inglês como uma língua franca global, este artigo tem como principal objetivo discutir os desenvolvimentos recentes dessa área, tomando como base os trabalhos apresentados durante a 7th International Conference on English as a Lingua Franca, realizada em Atenas, Grécia, em setembro de 2014. As reflexões, aprofundadas nos tópicos i Teorizações sobre ILF; ii ILF e formação de professores; iii Desenvolvimentos futuros, trazem um olhar analítico sobre os temas discutidos no evento. Espera-se que as informações e reflexões aqui contempladas possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma "curiosidade acadêmica" a respeito do paradigma ILF (inglês como língua franca e para o engajamento com suas questões e implicações.

Tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional Tuberculosis as occupational disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Mendoza-Ticona

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Existe evidencia suficiente para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en diversos profesionales especialmente entre los trabajadores de salud. En el Perú están normados y reglamentados los derechos laborales inherentes a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional, como la cobertura por discapacidad temporal o permanente. Sin embargo, estos derechos aún no han sido suficientemente socializados. En este trabajo se presenta información sobre el riesgo de adquirir tuberculosis en el lugar de trabajo, se revisan las evidencias para declarar a la tuberculosis como enfermedad ocupacional en trabajadores de salud y se presenta la legislación peruana vigente al respecto.There is enough evidence to declare tuberculosis as an occupational disease among healthcare workers. In Peru, there are regulations granting employment rights regarding tuberculosis as an occupational disease, such as healthcare coverage for temporary or permanent disability. However, these rights have not been sufficiently socialized. This study presents information on the risk of acquiring tuberculosis in the workplace, and a review of the evidence to declare tuberculosis as an occupational disease among health care workers, presenting the current Peruvian law related.

Derivados de pirazol bivalentes como inhibidores de ingesta

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando; Jagerovic, Nadine; Fernández Fernández, Cristina; Bermúdez-Silva, Francisco Javier; Goya, Pilar

2011-01-01

Derivados de pirazol bivalentes como inhibidores de ingesta. Nuevos derivados alquílicos y cicloalquílicos disustituidos por pirazol-3-carboxamidas, así como su procedimiento de obtención. Estos compuestos presentan propiedades, entre otras, para la inducción de saciedad y control de la ingesta, modulación de la grasa corporal y regulación del metabolismo lipídico.

La prosodia como identificador biométrico

OpenAIRE

Farrús i Cabeceran, Mireia

2011-01-01

La biometría tiene como objetivo el reconocimiento de personas mediante uno o más identificadores biométricos como la voz, la cara o las huellas dactilares, entre otros. Gracias a la buena aceptación social y el poco intrusismo en los individuos, la voz ha sido, tradicionalmente, uno de los identificadores más utilizados en los sistemas biométricos. Estos sistemas de reconocimiento basados en la voz utilizan, habitualmente, características relacionadas con el espectro de la voz. No obstante, ...

La ciudad como ecosistema urbano

OpenAIRE

Higueras García, Esther

2013-01-01

LA CIUDAD COMO ECOSISTEMA URBANO .- La ecología y los ecosistemas .- El ecosistema urbano, definición, alcance y oportunidad .- El metabolismo urbano .- Los síntomas de la patología urbana .- Los objetivos del nuevo ecosistema urbano .- Las aportaciones de los ecobarrios

Los portales educativos como fuente de recursos materiales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Gértrudix Barrio

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Los portales educativos por sus características como “distribuidores” de información y “almacenes” de recursos, constituyen para la escuela actual un soporte ideal y eficiente de información relacionado con el mundo educativo. Por otro lado, los portales temáticos educativos, como referente específico de una materia, suponen la plataforma ideal en el que los miembros de un colectivo (profesores, maestros, educadores y familias puedan establecer un punto de encuentro para participar, reflexionar, así como cooperar en la actividad docente incentivando nuevas formas de trabajo en el aula. En este sentido presentamos un ejemplo de portal temático educativo dedicado a la educación musical: MOS.

La mundialización del Darwinismo como proceso y como texto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olga Matilde Restrepo Forero

2009-10-01

Full Text Available El fenómeno de la difusión del Darwinismo ha sido ampliamente estudiado. No solo existe una “Industria de Darwin” que se ha ocupado de investigar cómo se produjo la obra de Darwin, sino que también existe una “Industria de la Difusión del Darwinismo”, que investiga los procesos de recepción del Darwinismo en diversas partes del mundo. En el artículo se cuestiona la separación entre los estudios que examinan la producción del Origen de las especies y los que estudian su posterior difusión, considerados como procesos completamente independientes. Con base en unos pocos ejemplos, se muestra cómo Darwin fue produciendo y modificando su obra a partir de las contribuciones que fue recogiendo en diferentes partes del mundo y a partir de las respuestas que fue recibiendo a medida que su obra era comentada y discutida. Fianlmente se examina cómo al estudiar la mundialización del darwinismo surge el problema de cómo definir el fenómeno bajo estudio, si con una perspectiva normativa, que imponga un orden en la proliferación de sentidos que surge como consecuencia de la expansión, o con una perspectiva no-esencialista que más bien sitúe al darwinismo en relación con sus diferentes usos y apropiaciones locales.

Development of crack growth and crack initiation test units for stress corrosion cracking examinations in high-temperature water environments under neutron irradiation (1) (Contract research)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Izumo, Hironobu; Ishida, Takuya; Kawamata, Kazuo; Inoue, Shuichi; Ide, Hiroshi; Saito, Takashi; Ishitsuka, Etsuo; Chimi, Yasuhiro; Ise, Hideo; Miwa, Yukio; Ugachi, Hirokazu; Nakano, Junichi; Kaji, Yoshiyuki; Tsukada, Takashi

2009-04-01

To evaluate integrity of irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) on in-core structural materials used in light water reactors (LWRs), useful knowledge regarding IASCC has been obtained mainly by post-irradiation examinations (PIEs). In the core of commercial LWRs, however, the actual IASCC occurs under the effects of irradiation on both materials and high-temperature water environment. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the suitability of the knowledge by PIE with comparison to IASCC behaviors during in-core SCC tests. Fundamental techniques for in-core crack growth and crack initiation tests have been developed already at the Japan Materials Testing Reactor (JMTR) of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). For the in-core crack growth test technique, to evaluate the effects of neutron irradiation on stainless steels irradiated to low neutron fluences, it is indispensable to develop new loading technique which is applicable to compact tension (CT) specimens with thickness of 0.5 inch (0.5T), from the viewpoint of validity based on the fracture mechanics. Based on the present technical investigation for the in-core loading technique, it is expected that a target load of 7.6 kN approximately can apply to a 0.5T-CT specimen by adopting a loading unit of a lever type instead of the previous uni-axial tension type. For the in-core crack initiation test technique, moreover, construction of a loading unit adopting linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) has been investigated and technical issues have examined. (author)

La huída en la obra de Mario Vargas Llosa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

German Arce Ross

Full Text Available Se trata de poner en perspectiva la mayor parte de novelas de Mario Vargas Llosa en función del tema de la huída, partiendo del hecho que é1 solicitó la nacionalidad Española inmediatamente después de haber perdido las elecciones para la Presidencia del Perú y de haber escrito El pez en el agua. Nuestro análisis intenta demostrar la importancia de la figura paterna – principalmente en el sentido de su ausencia y de sus bruscas reapariciones – en la cristalización sintomática del tema de la fuga. Es por eso que una analogía con la posición fóbica, en relación al padre o a sus substitutos, nos ha parecido pertinente. Teniendo como pivot el análisis de la forma, del contexto y del contenido de su libro de memorias, este trabajo definiría así las bases de una contribución literaria de la obra de Vargas Llosa a la clinica de la fobia.

A verdade como um problema epistemológico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geilson Fernandes de Oliveira

2016-07-01

Full Text Available O presente ensaio é fruto das discussões realizadas durante a disciplina de mestrado Epistemologia das Ciências Sociais e Humanas. Aqui, objetivamos discutir sobre a verdade como um problema epistemológico. Assim, a partir do conceitual teórico utilizado durante a disciplina, entre os quais destacamos Michel Foucault, Norbert Elias, Friedrich Nietzsche e Pierre Bourdieu, tecemos considerações sobre as concepções de verdade no pensamento social contemporâneo, bem como no que diz respeito as rupturas que favoreceram a emergência de seu estado corrente – concepção da verdade como produção social e histórica. Consonante a esta discussão, realizamos ainda uma breve discussão sobre as relações de poder e saber que favorecem a constituição da verdade.

Como a poliamida substituiu a seda: uma história da descoberta da poliamida 66

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Filippini Fantoni

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Existem muitas substâncias que fizeram a história do século XX e contribuíram para os grandes desenvolvimentos queaconteceram durante esse longo período. Muitas destas substâncias foram descobertas por acidente ("serendipity" a caminho de pesquisa diferente e existem muitos casos de que nós poderíamos mencionar em especial na área de produtos químicos e polímeros. Mas não foi exatamente assim na história do nylon que estamos para contar, porque nesse caso foi o desejo de encontrar uma alternativa para a seda, o impulso para obter um substituto daquela fibra natural maravilhosa que só a natureza é capaz de sintetizar através de sínteses tanto difícil quanto precisas e rápidas e com métodos ainda a considerar se não inatingíveis certamente ainda não alcançados. O autor desse texto, deve ao polímero do qual vamos falar a história da própria vida científico-tecnológica e, por consequência, encontra-se em uma situação psicológica que o levará a empregar demasiada ênfase, mas pelo menos com conhecimento de causa. Podemos desculpar os excessos e a extensão do texto, incomum para esta revista. Muitas das informações históricas foram encontradas na internet; outra importante fonte informativa foi um livro intitulado "Os botões de Napoleão" que fala de 17 moléculas que mudaram o mundo e o nylon é uma dessas. Esperamos que os leitores sintam-se agradavelmente envolvidos por esta história.

Metaversos y educación: Second Life como plataforma educativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Israel V. Márquez

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Presentamos en este artículo algunas de las particularidades de los metaversos como nuevos espacios formativos. Tomando como ejemplo el caso de Second Life y a partir de la propia experiencia del autor en este metaverso, se exploran las posibilidades formativas de estas nuevas plataformas audiovisuales 3D así como algunas de sus ventajas y desventajas como plataforma educativa. El estudio de las dinámicas complejas entre avatares y entre el usuario y el propio metaverso nos abren nuevas vías de investigación para el estudio de la educación en el siglo XXI que deben ser exploradas y examinadas por la comunidad educativa y académica por su importancia actual y sus posibles alternativas futuras.   

Como pieza de un rompecabezas: la construcción del paisaje como objeto jurídico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norma Elizabeth Levrand

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La regulación jurídica del paisaje es relativamente nueva. Concebido a partir de la interrelación entre el hombre y la naturaleza, el derecho lo ha asimilado, en ciertos momentos, a un objeto estático, esencialmente natural. En otro periodo ha aprehendido su dinámica, regulándolo como un objeto híbrido. El paisaje está constituido por un conjunto de bienes y valores que trascienden lo puramente cultural o natural, y se conjugan en la confluencia de ambos elementos. Esta hibridez conlleva dificultades tanto en el punto previo a su regulación, es decir, en la concepción jurídica del paisaje, como al momento de su gobernanza. En este trabajo pretendemos desentrañar la construcción del paisaje como un particular objeto de regulación dentro del campo legal argentino. Para ello, realizaremos una sucinta historiografía de la regulación del paisaje para profundizar en las dos normas de mayor relevancia a nivel internacional (la Convención para la Protección del Patrimonio Mundial, Cultural y Natural de Unesco y el Convenio Europeo del Paisaje aprobado por el Consejo de Europa, a fin de analizar la construcción de este particular objeto y los dispositivos jurídicos para su Gobierno. Culminaremos con una reflexión acerca del proceso de construcción de esta pieza del rompecabezas legal.

MEMORIA VISUAL COMO PARTE DEL PROCESO LECTOR

OpenAIRE

Gamero-Muñiz, Antonia

2013-01-01

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo indagar la relación entre los movimientos sacádicos, velocidad y comprensión lectora y la memoria visual en alumnos de 2ºESO, con el propósito de contribuir a la labor docente en los apoyos del aprendizaje de una correcta lectura y tomando como fundamentación teórica la importancia de la memoria visual en el proceso lector. Se ha seleccionado una muestra de 24 niños y 21 niñas con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 15 años. Se evaluaron los movimientos sacádico...

PARP-1 como regulador del ciclo celular

OpenAIRE

Iglesias Vázquez, Pablo

2015-01-01

En el presente estudio hemos querido investigar las implicaciones biológicas de la interacción PARP-1/E2F-1 en escenarios en los que el factor de transcripción E2F-1 resulta de gran importancia como son el desarrollo embrionario y la oncogénesis. En este respecto, hemos demostrado que tanto PJ34, inhibidor de la actividad enzimática de PARP, como gosipol, inhibidor de las interacciones proteína-proteína, son capaces de reducir la actividad transcripcional de E2F-1 y la proli...

Historia como interrupción del tiempo

OpenAIRE

Aguilera Pedrosa, Antonio

2006-01-01

Frente a un concepto de presente como transición y a otro como repetición, Benjamín elabora uno donde el tiempo se detiene, clave para entender su concepto de historia. La interpretación habitual que separa tiempo histórico de tiempo físico quiere facilitar la comprensión de Benjamin, pero al precio de olvidar ciertas paradojas: la misma detención, la reversibilidad del tiempo, la redención del pasado entero, la invocación de la teología, la posibilidad de un cambio respecto al tiempo natural...

The integrated code system CASCADE-3D for advanced core design and safety analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Neufert, A.; Van de Velde, A.

1999-01-01

The new program system CASCADE-3D (Core Analysis and Safety Codes for Advanced Design Evaluation) links some of Siemens advanced code packages for in-core fuel management and accident analysis: SAV95, PANBOX/COBRA and RELAP5. Consequently by using CASCADE-3D the potential of modern fuel assemblies and in-core fuel management strategies can be much better utilized because safety margins which had been reduced due to conservative methods are now predicted more accurately. By this innovative code system the customers can now take full advantage of the recent progress in fuel assembly design and in-core fuel management.(author)

Session 3, Measurement systems and signal validation/processing: Rapporteur's report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shepard, R.L.

1991-01-01

Eight papers scheduled for presentation dealt with in-core flux and temperature detectors and the interpretation of their signals. Our theme discussed was how core models could be used to validate in-core detector signals, and conversely, how the detector signals could validate the core models. Methods were proposed for distinguishing between detector malfunction (invalid signals) and actual changes in core conditions. It it necessary to reconcile these conflicting possibilities so that accurate and timely assessments of the present and future state of the core may be made during reactor operation, particularly during upset conditions. A second theme addressed the advantages and disadvantages of fixed vs movable in-core detectors -- their characteristics, employment, and signal interpretation. The economic and operating tradeoffs of fixed and movable detectors were addressed. A third theme was the use of signal processing to distinguish between gamma noise and neutron flux signals and how to improve the response times of in-core detectors. The discussion in this session relates to a broader discussion of the relative merits of self-powered neutron detectors and gamma thermometers for in-core flux monitoring which took place at the Cadarache meeting in 1988, and which was continued in Session 1 of this meeting

Como aquí, allá; como nosotros, ellos: la internacionalización de la precariedad en el ejercicio ciudadano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia Zamudio Grave

2007-05-01

Full Text Available La universalidad de los derechos humanos ha sido proclamada y reiterada por la comunidad de naciones, desde mediados del siglo veinte. Al mismo tiempo, procesos globalizadores parecen contradecir el derecho de todos los seres humanos a gozar de una vida digna, en todos los aspectos que ésta engloba, tanto en países desarrollados, como en aquéllos en proceso de desarrollo. Este trabajo reflexiona sobre la forma como la migración internacional conecta experiencias de precariedad en el ejercicio de derechos y sus consecuencias para la vida cotidiana de los migrantes.

O neoliberalismo como um dos fundamentos da educação domiciliar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Romualdo Luiz Portela de Oliveira

Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o neoliberalismo como um dos fundamentos da educação domiciliar, fenômeno de interesse crescente no Brasil, dada a tentativa de regulamentá-lo no país. Para tanto, foram tomados como referência três autorizados representantes do neoliberalismo: Friedrich Hayek; Milton Friedman e Ludwig von Mises e a reiterada preocupação destes com as liberdades, sobretudo as individuais. O artigo argumenta que o neoliberalismo se apresenta como uma das correntes teóricas que também dá suporte ao homeschooling, tendo como ponto crucial de sua fundamentação a rejeição da compulsoriedade da educação escolar, o que gera fortes implicações para o debate educacional, principalmente como desafios à escola pública compulsória.

NARRATIVAS TRANSMIDIÁTICAS COMO ESTRATÉGIAS PUBLICITÁRIAS

OpenAIRE

Costa, Marcela

2013-01-01

Resumo: O trabalho reflete sobre as narrativas transmidiáticas como estratégiaspublicitárias. Para tal, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico visandoentender que é uma narrativa, sua estrutura e definir o que são as narrativas transmidáticas. Por fim, analisamos a campanha The Happiness Factory paracompreender se, de fato, as narrativas transmidiáticas têm sido empregadaspela publicidade e como isso ocorre.Palavras-chave: publicidade; narrativa; narrativa transmidiática.Narrativas transmed...

La fenomenología como atavismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Galán, Iván

2009-04-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with phenomenology as a result of phenomenological freedom in its possibility of understanding a phenomenon as wild phenomenon. From this perspective, we are enabled to transcend established symbolic systems and to pose the question on the existence of a sense which is immature, not-saturated and imperfect without exception.El artículo pretende mostrar la vigencia de la fenomenología como expresión de la libertad fenomenológica, como posibilidad siempre abierta de acceder al fenómeno en cuanto fenómeno puro, registro arquitectónico en el que, saltando por sobre los sistemas simbólicos instituidos, nos es permitido plantear en toda su radicalidad la pregunta por la existencia de un sentido siempre prematuro, no saturado y jamás clausurable.

A Distributed Fiber Optic Sensor Network for Online 3-D Temperature and Neutron Fluence Mapping in a VHTR Environment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsvetkov, Pavel; Dickerson, Bryan; French, Joseph; McEachern, Donald; Ougouag, Abderrafi

2014-04-30

Robust sensing technologies allowing for 3D in-core performance monitoring in real time are of paramount importance for already established LWRs to enhance their reliability and availability per year, and therefore, to further facilitate their economic competitiveness via predictive assessment of the in-core conditions.

ESTIMATIVA DA QUANTIDADE DE RESÍDUOS (CASCA E POLPA PRODUZIDOS DURANTE O PROCESSO DE BENEFICIAMENTO DO CAFÉ NO MUNICÍPIO DE VARGINHA – MG/ Estimation of the amount of residues (bark and pulp produced during the process of coffee processing in the city..

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Henrique da Graça

2017-12-01

Full Text Available O estudo teve como objetivo levantar informações sobre o cultivo e beneficiamento do café (área colhida e produção média para estimar a quantidade de resíduos (cascas e poupa gerados ao longo de sua cadeia produtiva no município de Varginha - Minas Gerais, tendo em vista, que esse material é apontado com uma fonte importante de biomassa e pode ser utilizado como matéria-prima para a geração de energia alternativa, além da nutrição do solo e de animais. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo foram utilizados dados compreendendo o período de produção de 2004 a 2015, onde foi aplicada estatística básica para estimar a quantidade de resíduos produzidos entre esses anos. Os resultados mostraram um aumento significativo de 56,2% na produção de café beneficiado e proporcionalmente de resíduos no período analisado entre os anos de 2004 a 2013 e redução nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Esses resíduos, em grande parte, já vêm sendo aproveitado de forma gradativa como substituto da lenha durante o processo de torrefação do café nas indústrias e como adubo orgânico para as lavouras no município. Entretanto, é importante que estas fontes renováveis de matéria-prima sejam manejadas corretamente, pois, proporciona economia tanto para o produtor rural quanto para a indústria, além de benefícios ambientais para a cidade, contribuindo para o aumento da qualidade de vida, possibilitando um desenvolvimento baseado na sustentabilidade.

Reactor water sampling device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakamaki, Kazuo.

1992-01-01

The present invention concerns a reactor water sampling device for sampling reactor water in an in-core monitor (neutron measuring tube) housing in a BWR type reactor. The upper end portion of a drain pipe of the reactor water sampling device is attached detachably to an in-core monitor flange. A push-up rod is inserted in the drain pipe vertically movably. A sampling vessel and a vacuum pump are connected to the lower end of the drain pipe. A vacuum pump is operated to depressurize the inside of the device and move the push-up rod upwardly. Reactor water in the in-core monitor housing flows between the drain pipe and the push-up rod and flows into the sampling vessel. With such a constitution, reactor water in the in-core monitor housing can be sampled rapidly with neither opening the lid of the reactor pressure vessel nor being in contact with air. Accordingly, operator's exposure dose can be reduced. (I.N.)

Reactor power monitoring device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dogen, Ayumi; Ozawa, Michihiro.

1983-01-01

Purpose: To significantly improve the working efficiency of a nuclear reactor by reflecting the control rod history effect on thermal variants required for the monitoring of the reactor operation. Constitution: An incore power distribution calculation section reads the incore neutron fluxes detected by neutron detectors disposed in the reactor to calculate the incore power distribution. A burnup degree distribution calculation section calculates the burnup degree distribution in the reactor based on the thus calculated incore power distribution. A control rod history date store device supplied with the burnup degree distribution renews the stored control rod history data based on the present control rod pattern and the burnup degree distribution. Then, thermal variants of the nuclear reactor are calculated based on the thus renewed control rod history data. Since the control rod history effect is reflected on the thermal variants required for the monitoring of the reactor operation, the working efficiency of the nuclear reactor can be improved significantly. (Seki, T.)

El Sistema Penal como Instrumento de Control Social: El Papel del Encarcelamiento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kelly Ribeiro Felix de Souza

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el sistema penal con el fin de encontrar elementos capaces de entenderlo como una técnica de control social de los considerados indeseables para la vida en sociedad. Adoptando como marco teórico la criminología crítica, más especificamente las contribuciones de autores como Massimo Pavarini y Michel Foucault, así como el método de investigación dialéctico, se busca, desde un enfoque jurídico y sociológico, indicar las transformaciones del poder disciplinario hasta su diseño actual, así como demostrar sus relaciones con uno de los principales instrumentos del poder punitivo hoy en día - la privación de libertad. En este sentido, parece que la selectividad del ejercicio del poder punitivo se muestra como un importante instrumento de control social de los excluidos.

La docencia como práctica profesional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martínez de Acosta Carmen H.

1993-12-01

Full Text Available

No es fácil determinar si la actividad docente corresponde o no a una modalidad de práctica, rol, área de desempeño o ejercicio profesional como indiscriminadamente se denomina a las diferentes formas del quehacer de enfermería. Uno de los conceptos básicos de sociología es el de rol. El rol consiste en las conductas cumplidas o conductas percibidas como aceptables, referidas a una situación dada. La identificación de un rol se alcanza por medio de un proceso mutuo de validación y socialización profesional.

A bone tissue engineering strategy based on starch scaffolds and bone marrow cells cultured in a flow perfusion bioreactor

Science.gov (United States)

Gomes, Maria Manuela Estima

A Engenharia de Tecidos e uma area cientifica em continua expansao. Os desenvolvimentos conseguidos por esta area tem contribuido significativamente para diversos avancos no campo da Medicina Regenerativa. Esta ciencia interdisciplinar combina os conhecimentos de diversas outras areas, tao distintas como a Engenharia de Materiais e a Biologia, com o objectivo de desenvolver substitutos sinteticos para tecidos humanos. Para se atingir este objectivo utilizam-se, de uma forma generica, combinacoes especificas de celulas e de um material de suporte tridimensional com propriedades adequadas, gerando um material hibrido cujas caracteristicas podem ainda ser moduladas atraves do sistema de cultura usado. A presente tese e centrada no desenvolvimento de estrategias de engenharia de tecido osseo baseadas na cultura in vitro de celulas previamente "semeadas" num suporte tridimensional ("scaffold"). Esta estrategia permite que as celulas adiram ao suporte, proliferem e segreguem matriz extracelular especifica do tecido osseo, ate se obter um substituto artificial funcional com caracteristicas do tecido original, que pode finalmente ser transplantado para tratar o defeito em causa. Para que uma estrategia deste tipo seja bem sucedida, pelo menos tres componentes fundamentais devem ser cuidadosamente estudados: o material de suporte (scaffold), as celulas a usar e o sistema de cultura in vitro. Dai que os principais objectivos desta tese estejam relacionados com estes tres aspectos, nomeadamente: • Desenvolvimento de scaffolds biodegradaveis a partir de polimeros a base de amido de milho que induzam a adesao e proliferacao celular e que apresentem propriedades adequadas, tais como a porosidade e interconectividade entre poros, de forma a proporcionar um ambiente que favoreca o desenvolvimento in vitro de um material hibrido com caracteristicas similares ao osso humano. • Estudo da utilizacao de celulas da medula ossea como uma potencial fonte de celulas para engenharia do

O perfil de portadores de diabetes tipo 1 considerando seu histórico de aleitamento materno El perfil de los portadores de Diabetes tipo 1 considerando su histórico de amamantamiento materno The profile of people with Type 1 Diabetes considering their history of breast feeding

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dalila Teixeira Leal

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo que teve como objetivo descrever o perfil dos usuários de um Serviço de Controle de Hipertensão, Diabetes e Obesidade e discutir a relação entre a história de aleitamento materno da criança ou adolescente portador de diabetes tipo 1 e o desenvolvimento desta patologia. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado, aplicado aos pais ou responsáveis de crianças ou adolescentes portadoras de diabetes mellitus tipo 1, durante o segundo semestre de 2007. Os dados foram analisados com uma abordagem quantitativa, em que se utilizou a estatística descritiva. Como resultados foram apresentados dados referentes à caracterização da amostra, ocorrência do desmame precoce, período de aleitamento materno exclusivo, dieta oferecida após o desmame, entre outros. Na conclusão é evidenciada a significativa relação entre desmame precoce, com a consequente introdução de substitutos do leite materno e o desenvolvimento do diabetes mellitus tipo 1.Es un estudio que tuvo como objetivo describir el perfil de los usuarios del Servicio de Control de Hipertensión, Diabetes y Obesidad y discutir la relación entre la historia de amamantamiento materno del niño o del adolescente portador de diabetes tipo 1 y el desenvolvimiento de esta enfermedad. La colecta de los datos fue realizada por medio de un cuestionario estructurado, aplicado en los padres o responsables de estos niños, durante el 2º semestre de 2007. Los datos fueron analizados en un abordaje cuantitativo en que se utilizó la estadística descriptiva. Como resultados fueron presentados datos referentes a la caracterización de la muestra, ocurrencia de la interrupción del amamantamiento precoz, período de amamantamiento materno exclusivo, dieta ofrecida después de la interrupción del amamantamiento y otros. En la conclusión es presentada la significativa relación entre la interrupción del amamantamiento precoz, con la consecuente

El dictado como tarea comunicativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Cassany

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo explora las utilidades didácticas del dictado (la práctica comunicativa de oralizar o leer en voz alta un escrito para el aprendizaje funcional de una lengua materna o extranjera, en los diversos niveles de enseñanza. Después de criticar el uso tradicional de este ejercicio lingüístico, presentamos once formas diferentes de desarrollar un dictado en clase, con sus particulares contenidos, objetivos y metodologías. También analizamos con detalle la técnica más tradicional del dictado magistral, en la que el docente dicta palabra por palabra un texto al alumnado, poniendo énfasis en la ortografía; ofrecemos algunas orientaciones para incrementar el componente comunicativo de esta propuesta. Las conclusiones finales proponen entender esta técnica como un recurso metodológico variado, rico y sugerente, adaptado a cada situación de aprendizaje —y no como una práctica obligatoria y fosilizada.

Pegada Hídrica como Indicador de Sustentabilidade Ambiental1

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kettrin Farias Bem Maracajá

2012-08-01

Full Text Available O conceito de pegada hídrica tem sido recentemente introduzido como um importante indicador do consumo de água humano, na tentativa de minimizar os impactos ambientais. Esse trabalho aborda o conceito da pegada hídrica como um indicador de sustentabilidade, com vistas o uso racional dos recursos hídricos. Nos últimos anos, a escassez de alguns recursos naturais vem sendo bastante discutido em todo o mundo e quanto à água a preocupação é ainda maior em face do uso desordenado na irrigação, bem como pela poluição da água potável através da indústria e agricultura. Partindo dessa análise, a pegada hídrica surge como um indicador de sustentabilidade da água doce em seus diferentes tipos de consumo para que seja utilizada de forma consciente. Com base na revisão da literatura sobre o tema abordado, conclui-se que para a redução da pegada hídrica se deve tomar medidas de controle do uso direto e indireto da água doce principalmente na agricultura irrigada.

LA CTE "OTTO PARELLADA" (TALLAPIEDRA COMO BASE MATERIAL DE ESTUDIO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto E Calvo González

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Se presenta el análisis de las posibilidades que tiene la CTE" Otto Parellada" como elemento fundamental en la formación de ingenieros electricistas, así como para otras especialidades.Se expone el modo en que actualmente se le aprovecha para la carrera de Ingeniería Eléctrica en ladisciplina de Centrales Termoeléctricas, así como para la carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica en la asignatura homónimadel 1er. año. Se exponen otras posibilidades de la planta que podrían ser explotadas aún por otras carreras comoArquitectura, al tener características que la avalan como Patrimonio Industrial.  In this paper is presented the analysis of the possibilities like fundamental element that Otto Parellada SteamPower Plant has for the electrical, as well as other specialties engineers' syllabus. The way that at present time isused for the electrical engineers education, in the thermal engineering subjects is exposed, as well as for themechanical engineering in the 1st year. Other possibilities of the plant that could still be exploited by otherscareers like architecture, due to the characteristic that endorse it as Industrial Patrimony are also exposed.

El anisakis y sus enfermedades como enfermedad profesional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Manuel Vicente Pardo

Full Text Available El anisakis es un parásito complejo de los animales marinos. El hombre no es el hospedador adecuado, ya que en él la larva L3 no puede completar su ciclo vital, siendo por tanto un hospedador accidental u ocasional, que se interpone en el ciclo vital del nemátodo, y al que el anisakis le puede causar tanto la parasitación como la alergia, cuando ingiere pescado o cefalópodos crudos o poco cocinados: tales como sushi, sashimi, ceviche gravlax noruego, lomi-lomi hawaiano, así como pescados en escabeche, vinagre, desecado, ahumados, semiconservas, o en salazón que contengan este parásito en su forma de larva en estadio tres L3. Las enfermedades por anisakis constituyen un problema de salud pública, generalizado y que ha aumentado su incidencia en los últimos años. En 2012, se notificaron 20.000 casos de anisakiasis en todo el mundo. España es el segundo país con mayor número de intoxicaciones por Anisakis después de Japón. Diversos estudios en España sobre la prevalencia de la sensibilización reflejan una elevada prevalencia entre pacientes que han sufrido episodios de reacciones alérgicas. El 50 por ciento de quienes manipulan directamente el pescado presentan sensibilidad a anisakis. Siendo por tanto cada vez más común la afectación por y en el desarrollo del trabajo, constituyendo entonces procesos considerados como enfermedad profesional cuando se dan las circunstancias determinantes causales de trabajo, riesgo y exposición que para ello deben concurrir. La afección puede presentarse tanto por contacto laboral como por contacto en el consumo ordinario de pescado infestado, lo que hará difícil el estimar como causa exclusiva o consecuente la aparición de la enfermedad a consecuencia del desempeño del trabajo. Los sectores laborales de riesgo por enfermedades por anisakis, son los pescadores, pescaderos ("pescateros" y cocineros. En general todos aquellos que trabajan tanto en la captura, limpieza, manipulación, venta

Measurements and analysis of neutron and gamma noise in BWR's

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dam, H. van; Kleiss, E.B.J.

1985-01-01

Neutron and gamma sensitive collectrons (self-powered detectors) have been designed for incore noise measurements in BWRs. A so-called twin-type has been developed for measurements of two-phase flow characteristics and detailed axial velocity distributions. Construction aspects of the twin detectors are discussed. An analysis is presented of the response of both detector types to incore parametric fluctuations. This analysis is based on detector response functions which provide an insight into the 'field of view' of the two types. The results are supported by experimental verifications; it is shown that incore gamma detectors provide useful additional information about two-phase flow in a BWR. (author)

An integrated software system for core design and safety analyses: Cascade-3D

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wan De Velde, A.; Finnemann, H.; Hahn, T.; Merk, S.

1999-01-01

The new Siemens program system CASCADE-3D (Core Analysis and Safety Codes for Advanced Design Evaluation) links some of the most advanced code packages for in-core fuel management and accident analysis: SAV95, PANBOX/COBRA and RELAP5. Consequently by using CASCADE-3D the potential of modern fuel assemblies and in-core fuel management strategies can be much better utilized because safety margins which had been reduced due to conservative methods are now predicted more accurately. By this innovative code system the customers can now take full advantage of the recent progress in fuel assembly design and in-core fuel management. (authors)

Cultura e natureza: a viagem e o turismo como necessidades humanas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvio Lima Figueiredo

2014-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo analisa os conceitos e práticas da viagem e do turismo baseado nas discussões sobre as características do fenômeno e de sua gênese. A viagem é então entendida a partir dos estudos da natureza e da cultura e como essas duas categorias se relacionam entre si, de acordo com os estudos antropológicos de Malinowski, Claude Levi-Strauss e Clifford Geertz. É evidenciada a interpretação da viagem como universal cultural, no entanto, nao se pode entendê-la como um aspecto da “natureza humana”. O turismo é entendido como um tipo de viagem cuja origem e características surgiram no mundo moderno.

Incore inspection device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ogisu, Tatsuki; Taguchi, Kosei.

1995-01-01

The device of the present invention can inspect surfaces of equipments in reactor water in a nuclear reactor in a state of atmospheric air. Namely, an inspection device is movable forwardly and backwardly in a water-proof vessel. An annular sucker with pleats is disposed to the outer side of a lid of the water-proof vessel. A television camera for an under water monitoring is disposed to the inner side of the lid of the water-proof vessel by way of a partitioning wall with lid. Transferring screws are disposed at the back and on the side of the water-proof vessel. In the device having such a constitution, (1) the inside of the water-proof vessel is at first made water-tight by closing the partitioning wall with lid, (2) the back and the side screws are operated by the guide of the underwater monitoring television camera, to transfer the water-proof vessel to the surface of the reactor core to be inspected, (3) the annular sucker with pleats is urged on the surface to be inspected by the back screw, to fix the water-proof vessel, (4) reactor water in a space of the annular sucker with pleats is discharged and replaced with air, and (5) the lid of the partition wall with lid is opened and the inspection device is disposed at a position of the underwater monitoring television camera, to inspect the surface to be inspected in a state of atmospheric air. (I.S.)

Incore instrumentation device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujita, Kazuhiko.

1996-01-01

A position of a detector is detected by a driving device, and the detected values are sampled by a newly disposed central processing unit for sampling the detected values depending on the sampling position of the detected values. Since the sampling position of the detected values is detected by the driving device, the sampling position for the detection values does not rely on the speed of the driving motor of the driving device. The load on the central processing device for controlling the device is lowered by newly disposing the central processing unit for sampling detected values. When the values for the position of the detector counted after conversion to digital values reach the digital values corresponding to the detection value sampling position outputted from the central processing unit for controlling the device, a counted value comparison circuit causes the central processing unit for controlling the device to sample the detection values outputted from the detector. Then, the processing speed can be increased without interruption processings, which can save the central processing unit for sampling detection values. In addition, software can be simplified and loads can be lowered. (N.H.)

LA PARTICIPACION EN LA SOCIEDAD COMO BASE DEL DESARROLLO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Cecilia Múnera López

2012-11-01

Full Text Available A explicação dela participação na sociedade como a base para o desenvolvimento é o resultado dum processo longo de pesquisa, que no âmbito da teoria fundamentada, tem chegado a aspetos essenciais de ordem conceitual e metodológica, que sustentam o desenvolvimento e a participação. Assim, este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento desde uma perspectiva resignificada, entendida como uma construção sociocultural múltipla, histórica e territorialmente determinada. De acordo com tal renovação teórica, se apresenta uma forma tipológica de participação, chamada "participação sinérgica", como uma opção plausível para impactar positivamente o desenvolvimento.

El Leasing como herramienta de financiación

OpenAIRE

Chorén, María Cecilia

2015-01-01

El siguiente trabajo de investigación es planteado para ser utilizado por las Pymes para evaluar la oportunidad de aplicar el Leasing frente a una posibilidad de inversión en activos fijos; ya que hoy en día es tenido en cuenta en los países desarrollados como la herramienta de financiamiento más conveniente y perfecto que existe debido a sus amplios beneficios. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo primordial establecer las ventajas impositivas, jurídicas, financieras y operativas para que las...

La entrevista como encuentro de subjetividades

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emma Ruiz Martín del Campo

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Se parte de la comprensión de la subjetividad como la expresión preñada de cultura de cada ser humano que se gesta en las relaciones interpersonales, primero entre el infante y las personas que le prodigan los cuidados tempranos, y después en la adolescencia y la edad adulta, con cada vez más representantes de la cultura de la socialización. En dicha interacción, la persona aprende a convivir con otros y a modelar sus impulsos, lo que le permite encontrar las formas más satisfactorias posibles de experimentarse a sí misma y tomar parte en las actividades de su entorno social. El equilibrio entre el individuo que busca satisfacer sus impulsos y necesidades y la cultura a la que pertenece es dinámico, por lo que la subjetividad se transforma a lo largo de toda la vida. Tras abundar sobre la subjetividad, se describen dos formas de orientar la entrevista a profundidad: la psicoanalítica y la etnopsicoanalítica. La entrevista psicoanalítica explora la subjetividad como tal y en ella el entrevistador actúa como un acompañante del sujeto en la progresiva comprensión de sí mismo y de su historia individual, desentrañando significados del comportamiento hasta entonces inconscientes para sí mismo, que se clarifican en la interacción. La entrevista etnopiscoanalítica busca explorar la experiencia cultural de las personas. Expertos en ciencias sociales entrenados a la vez en el descubrimiento del inconsciente se involucran en un medio cultural nuevo para ellos y a través de entrevistas y conversaciones con los integrantes de la comunidad que visitan van descubriendo formas de participación de estos en los espacios de vida social, así como las maneras que dan cuenta de símbolos y modos de reacción propios de su cultura. Cada una de estas dos formas de entrevista es ilustrada con un ejemplo que da muestra plásticamente del encuentro de las subjetividades

Las fortalezas en personas mayores como factor que aumenta el bienestar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Encarnación Ramírez-Fernández

2015-08-01

Full Text Available En las últimas décadas se ha incrementado el estudio de las fortalezas psicológicas como factor que afecta al bienestar. Éstas pueden ser consideradas como un subconjunto de rasgos de personalidad a los que se otorga un valor moral, definiéndose como cualidades naturales que las personas están intrínsecamente motivada a utilizar porque aumentan la calidad de vida. Las investigaciones demuestran que actúan como factores de protección y prevención de la psicopatología y de los problemas de conducta en las diferentes etapas evolutivas. Hay fortalezas que son más relevantes en personas mayores y su entrenamiento estaría dirigido a influir sobre el comportamiento y el funcionamiento emocional con el objetivo de aumentar la satisfacción con la vida. En el presente trabajo se analizan las fortalezas que predominan en adultos mayores y se propone un programa de intervención para potenciarlas con la finalidad de mejorar su salud y calidad de vida. Se trata de una propuesta novedosa ya que, hasta el momento, las intervenciones en este ámbito han ido encaminadas a paliar diferentes problemas tanto de manera aislada como complemento de terapias de tipo más tradicional pero no como prevención de la aparición de trastornos habituales en edades avanzadas.

AFINAL, COMO SE FORMAM AS ESTRATÉGIAS?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maurício Fernandes Pereira

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Tem havido recentemente um grande interesse por parte dos autores em entender como se desenvolve a prática da estratégia organizacional. Partindo desta tendência, o presente trabalho descreve como ocorre o processo de formação estratégica em uma organização pertencente ao terceiro setor – o SESC/SC (Serviço Social do Comércio em Santa Catarina. A criação da estratégia na organização em estudo é analisada tomando-se como base os referenciais propostos por Whittington (2002, analisando duas dimensões principais: os resultados pretendidos com as estratégias e os processos pelos quais ela acontece. Com base nos dados coletados observou-se que, na prática da organização pesquisada, as razões que levam ao estabelecimento da estratégia não estão unicamente voltadas aos aspectos econômicos. Quanto à formação das estratégias, no caso estudado, predominou a formação da estratégia da visão clássica de Whittington (2002, por meio da utilização do planejamento estratégico.

El silencio como estrategia en la obra de Juan Rulfo

OpenAIRE

Gómez López-Quiñones, Loreto

2013-01-01

Juan Rulfo utiliza el silencio como un espacio para oír y decir mejor en el contexto del México postrevolucionario. Inspirándonos en la terminología de Spivak, pretendemos mostrar el silencio de Rulfo como una estrategia de resistencia ante la representación occidental del Otro.

TAURINE DEFICIENCY IN COLLARED-ANTEATER (TAMANDUA TERTRADACTYLA FED WITH DOGS AND CATS MILK SUBSTITUTES DEFICIÊNCIA DE TAURINA EM FILHOTE DE TAMANDUÁ-MIRIM (Tamandua tetradactyla ALIMENTADO COM SUBSTITUTOS DE LEITE PARA CÃES E GATOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Otávio Cançado Motta

2008-12-01

Full Text Available  The taurine is a sulphur amino acid that in most of the mammals produced in enough amounts in the liver, from metionine and cysteine, using the enzyme cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase. However, for felines are considered an essential amino acid, needing to be ingested as a supplement of the organism requirements. For anteaters the condition is not yet elucidated, but these animals have developed disease when fed with diet poor in this amino acid. The most frequent clinical sings observed in cats are dilated cardiomyopathy, retina degeneration, reproductive and development anomalies, increase of plaquetary aggregation, leucopenia and neurological disturbs. In the present case, a hand-hearing of collared-anteater (Tamandua tetradactyla feeding milk substitutes for dogs and cats, presented taurine deficiency, characterized mainly for loss of coats and seizures. The diagnosis was based in reply of the animal to the supplement, after which gad regression of the clinical sings without return.

KEY WORDS: Collared-anteater, Tamandua tetradactyla, taurine. A taurina é um aminoácido sulfurado e, na maioria dos mamíferos, produzida em quantidades suficientes no fígado a partir de metionina e cisteína, utilizando a enzima decarboxilase do ácido cistéico sulfínico. Para felinos é considerado um aminoácido essencial, necessitando ser ingerido para suprimento às necessidades do organismo. Em tamanduás, esta condição não está bem definida, entretanto, animais alimentados com dietas carentes nesse aminoácido têm demonstrado sinais clínicos compatíveis com deficiência de taurina. Em gatos as alterações mais freqüentes são cardiomiopatia dilatada, degeneração da retina, anormalidades reprodutivas e de desenvolvimento, aumento da agregação plaquetária, leucopenia e distúrbios neurológicos. No presente caso, um filhote de tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla criado em cativeiro com substitutos de leite para c

A crítica como réplica bakhtiniana: Edward W. Said como crítico musical

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Linda Hutcheon

2015-11-01

Full Text Available O artigo propõe uma leitura do trabalho do teórico pós-colonial Edward Said por meio de um olhar bakhtiniano. Ainda que Said e Bakhtin tenham se engajado de forma diferente na política de suas respectivas épocas e que tivessem ideias distintas sobre a relação entre ética e política, seus escritos abrangentes têm sido adaptados e suas ideias apropriadas por estudiosos em diferentes áreas - com frequência, as mesmas. Eles compartilharam a paixão pelo diálogo, explorando a alteridade e a exotopia, e acreditando na responsa-habilidade. O que o romance era para Bakhtin, o pianismo era para Said, como crítico musical. Said nunca desempenhou o papel de guia do consumidor ou de guardião. Era antes o par crítico ou o professor que atribui menções. A variedade de possíveis respostas do público sempre condicionou as suas. Em toda sua vida musical Said pensou como Bakhtin, talvez sem saber disso. As críticas musicais de Said eram, por definição, respostas ou réplicas. Eram híbridas, narrações e transmissões bivocais, mas também apropriações, como eram os romances aos olhos de Bakhtin. Os escritos de Said sobre música foram analisados à luz de vários conceitos-chaves de Bakhtin: dialogismo, endereçamento, responsa-habilidade e o papel do contexto.

O contratualismo como método: política, direito e neocontratualismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. R. N. Chiappin

2010-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o contratualismo como método e como o resultado de uma sistematização de outros métodos de construção do conhecimento. Enquanto o contratualismo clássico tem como paradigmas os modelos, geométrico e mecânico, da Física de Galileu e de Descartes - em particular, o modelo de escolha racional com Descartes -, o contratualismo rawlsiano tem como paradigma alguns modelos da microeconomia - em particular, o modelo de equilíbrio geral. O método contratualista tem como projeto a transformação, no século XVII, da política e do Direito em uma disciplina científica, assumindo que, no século XVII: (i o modelo do conhecimento é o modelo geométrico e o conhecimento é conhecimento certo; (ii o modelo de indivíduo admite-o como racional e auto-interessado; (iii há uma teoria racional da ação e decisão humana. Portanto, para viabilizar o projeto de transformar a política e o Direito em ciência, o contratualismo é aqui interpretado não substantivamente, mas instrumentalmente, como método para acessar os fundamentos do mundo político. O método contratualista persegue uma combinação do modelo científico do conhecimento das causas eficientes e de suas relações aos efeitos, com o modelo de conhecimento das causas finais como estudo dos fins ou das características funcionais das coisas. Para interpretarmos o contratualismo como método, admitimos o novo modelo da relação entre conhecimento e tecnologia elaborado pela ciência moderna, que sustenta que o conhecimento da natureza é um conhecimento de conquista e domínio capaz de produzir mecanismos tecnológicos de intervenção na natureza com o objetivo de, conhecendo e manipulando as causas, obter os efeitos desejados.

El lenguaje como exilio y como morada en las relaciones de alteridad: un acercamiento desde dos obras literarias de J.M Coetzee

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diela Bibiana Betancur Valencia

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Dentro de la narrativa contemporánea, la obra del sudafricano John Maxwell Coetzee se traduce en un universo ficcional de vital impor - tancia para comprender el fenómeno del colonialismo, así como las guerras y los exilios asociados a él. En esta propuesta, nos interesa problematizar y comprender el lugar que ocupa el lenguaje en las re- laciones de alteridad que se tejen en medio del conflicto, la opresión y el aislamiento, en las obras Foe (1986 y La edad de hierro (1990. A través de los personajes de estas novelas, nos adentraremos en las posibilidades o imposibilidades del lenguaje en tanto configuración cultural determinada por circunstancias sociohistóricas. Finalmente, la mirada del rostro del otro, el lenguaje como morada o como gra- mática de lo inhumano, serán algunas metáforas que participarán en la configuración de sentido alrededor de los temas enunciados.

Quitina y carboximetilquitosana como agentes desintegrantes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sol A Fernández Monagas

1998-08-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio comparativo de la quitina y la carboximetilquitosana como agentes desintegrantes, y se evaluó la influencia ejercida por el método empleado en la elaboración de las tabletas sobre la actividad desintegrante de ambos polímeros. La quitina presentó buenas características como agente desintegrante independientemente del método utilizado en la elaboración de las tabletas, mientras que la actividad desintegrante de la carboximetilquitosana fue afectada por el proceso de granulación.A comparative study of chitin and carboxymethylchitosan as disintegrating agents was wade made. The influence exerted bu tje method used in the preparation of the tablets on the disintegrating activity of both polymers was evaluated. Chitin proved to have good characteristics as a disintegrating agent independently of the method used to make tablets. The disintegrating activity of carboxymethylchitosan was affected by the granulation process.

Turismo musical y patrimonio cultural como recursos educativos

OpenAIRE

Ramos Ahijado, Sonsoles; Botella Nicolás, Ana María

2017-01-01

La música es el más singular tipo de patrimonio cultural, que motiva desplazamientos turísticos, ya que para muchos viajeros cumple un rol importante en sus itinerarios. El turismo y el consumo cultural adquieren de este modo una gran relevancia, como fuente de riqueza y seña de identidad de la sociedad. En este artículo forma parte de una investigación de mayores dimensiones sobre la música como recurso para la promoción turística. Así, teniendo presente las nuevas tendencias del interés tur...

La comunicación, como herramienta de productividad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lic. Johnny Vargas D.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available En el ámbito corporativo o empresarial está cobrando auge la comunicación y ya se concibe al gerente moderno como "el gran comunicador", dejando a sus asesores inmediatos la realización de tareas más especializadas. En las empresas contemporáneas, el personal requiere tener información oficializada que le permite comprender su diario quehacer y le oriente productiva y personalmente. Un sistema de comunicación integral en el ámbito empresarial es otro componente de la producción, tan importante como la materia prima o los recursos financieros.

La religión como asignatura no confesional

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez Acevedo, Cruz Javier

2016-01-01

Las Constituciones de los estados de la Organización de Seguridad y Cooperación Europea (OSCE) establecen como derecho fundamental la educación de sus ciudadanos o nacionales. En el contexto del correlativo deber estatal de facilitar una enseñanza integral, se discute si el estado se debe de ocupar de la enseñanza de la religión como asignatura. A este propósito en els eno de la OSCE se elaboró un documento, "Los principios orientadores de Toledo sobre la enseñanza acerca de las religiones y ...

La sociedad civil como base de la educación y la educación como base de la sociedad civil

OpenAIRE

Alvira, Rafael

2013-01-01

La tesis fundamental del trabajo está expresada en el título: la sociedad civil es condición indispensable para que se pueda realizar una tarea educativa de altura y, a su vez, sin una educación bien hecha la sociedad civil sería imposible. Como sucede siempre, se puede comenzar por intentar mejorar las estructuras de la sociedad civil, o por potenciar la educación, pero en realidad la clave ahora está en cambiar la concepción tanto de la sociedad civil como de la educación. Para ello, result...

Pensamiento único y contabilidad: la posibilidad de la contabilidad como disciplina moral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauricio Gómez Villegas

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Los caminos para consolidar a la contabilidad como disciplina son diversos. La mirada convencional, que busca constituirla en una disciplina científica económica y positivista, está basada en presupuestos que deben juzgarse con rigor argumental, suficiencia histórica e imaginación crítica. La posibilidad de construir a la contabilidad como una disciplina moral, se muestra como una necesidad ante las evidencias de su aporte en la expansión del “pensamiento único”. Este documento muestra las relaciones de la contabilidad por partida doble con el pensamiento único y discute algunos elementos para generar un debate entorno a la posibilidad de la contabilidad como una disciplina moral.

Tecidos moles (não resistentes: como se fossilizam?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Regina Gobbo

2015-06-01

Full Text Available A preservação de tecidos moles (não resistentes desperta atenção pela qualidade dos fósseis preservados, e pela raridade. Este trabalho faz ampla revisão do assunto, desfaz alguns dos mitos correntes sobre fossilização destes materiais, como anaerobiose e soterramento rápido, bem como assinala a relevância do papel da replicagem de estruturas morfológicas por colônias microbianas. No âmbito dos fatores que influenciam a preservação de tecidos não resistentes estão pH, processos de decomposição, soterramento rápido e mineralização rápida por meio de carbonatos ou fosfatos. É possível citar exemplos de fácies sedimentares nas quais há preservação de tecidos não resistentes, como os folhelhos pirobetuminosos, calcários litográficos, folhelhos e diatomitos. Destaca-se o papel das colônias microbianas, tanto na forma de microesferas, como aquelas não-esferulíticas. Os três mitos principais que se procurou desfazer no artigo são: (1 a presença de oxigênio; (2 o soterramento rápido e (3 as colônias microbianas.

O historiador como intelectual mediador da cultura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alex Fernandes Borges

2017-07-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo visa analisar teoricamente a possibilidade de se qualificar o historiador, tomando por base uma tipologia ideal extraída da teoria da história de Jörn Rüsen, como um intelectual mediador, notadamente com base no conceito proposto a partir dos estudos de mediação cultural desenvolvido por Jesús Martín-Barbero e recentemente sistematizado no país por Ângela de Castro Gomes e Patrícia Hansen. Diante disso, articulou-se as hipóteses em três eixos: caracterização do intelectual mediador da cultura como uma categoria de análise compreensiva; instituição de um tipo ideal de historiador nos moldes weberianos e; a subsunção deste àquela.

Formação de preços como processo complexo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eleutério F. S. Prado

2007-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo parte da dificuldade do economista "moderno" em compreender o modo como Marx e os economistas clássicos pensavam a formação de preços. Com base na distinção entre microeconomia reducionista e microeconomia sistêmica, compara esse modo com aquele da teoria neoclássica. Para tanto, examina em seqüência três tipos de representações da formação de preços: o mercado como coerência, o mercado como equilibrismo e o mercado como processo. Mostra que o modo "antigo" de pensar o funcionamento do mercado pode ser reconstruído com base na teoria econômica computável. O mercado, enquanto mera aparência do modo de produção capitalista, é então teoricamente representado como algoritmo, ou seja, como mercatômato.The paper arise from the troubles of "moderns" economists for understanding how Marx and the classical economists thought about the formation of prices. On the base of the distinction between reductionist microeconomics and systemic microeconomics, it compares that mode with the mode of thinking of neoclassical theory. For that, investigate three types of prices formation representations: the market as coherence, the market as equilibrium and the market as process. It shows that the "old" mode of thinking the working of the market can be reconstructed on the base of computable economics. Then the market - while appearance of capitalist mode of production - is theoretically described as an algorithm, that is, as markomata.

La medicina tradicional como medicina ecocultural

OpenAIRE

Aparicio Mena, Alfonso Julio

2005-01-01

Los sistemas terap??uticos tradicionales responden a las culturas de los pueblos en los que surgen. En ellos, se concibe la naturaleza ??ntimamente ligada a la tradici??n. Salud es, para los miembros de las culturas tradicionales, bienestar como equilibrio entre el ser humano, la naturaleza, las creencias y la sociedad.

UTILIZAÇÃO DO CUSTEIO POR ABSORÇÃO PARA FINS GERENCIAIS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César Augusto Tibúrcio Silva

2009-08-01

Full Text Available O urso grizzly gasta o outono a caçar e comer marmotas (McGee, 294. Para tanto, ele move grandes e profundas pedras. Considerando em termos globais, este trabalho do urso, quando comparado com o seu tamanho e o da marmota, leva à conclusão de que o urso desperdiça tempo e energia. Como o inverno é geralmente longo e rigoroso, esta dedução pode ser precipitada. O urso talvez esteja praticando esporte, divertindo-se ou exercitando-se ou talvez variando sua dieta. Ou ainda tudo isto em conjun-to. Provavelmente, a energia obtida em decorrência da ingestão da marmota seja superior aos custos da caça. O presente texto revela como o custeio por absorção pode ser utilizado para fins gerenciais. Apresenta, inicialmente, discus-são acerca da não utilização do custeio por absorção com a referida finalidade, em razão de promover distorções nas decisões devido à arbitrariedade dos rateios e de incentivar a superprodu-ção, aspecto enfatizado pela bibliografia da área de contabilidade gerencial. Por fim, demonstra que tal sistema de custeio pode ser um meio de implantação de certas estratégias empresariais e um substituto para mensuração das denominadas externalidades. (Custeio por Absorção – Contabilidade Gerencial

El antropomorfismo como generador de amor a la marca

OpenAIRE

Peláez Muñoz, Jenny

2017-01-01

Tradicionalmente el concepto de amor se ha considerado como un sentimiento que pertenece exclusivamente al ámbito de los seres humanos y que no puede ser aplicado a cosas ordinarias como un producto o una marca. Sin embargo, esta idea ha sido cuestionada por la literatura de marketing dado que diferentes estudios reconocen que los individuos pueden sentir amor hacia ideas, actividades, aficiones, animales y objetos (ver Fournier, 1998; Ahuvia et al., 2009). Los estudios académicos sobre marca...

La virtualización como necesidad de cambio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eleonora Parra de Párraga

2002-09-01

Full Text Available La idea básica en este artículo es efectuar un análisis sobre la realidad que viven muchas empresas, las cuales tienen un enfrentamiento temeroso y cauteloso con los cambios, aún cuando sean vistos como una necesidad de supervivencia en el mercado. La aparición de la figura del teletrabajo, la oficina virtual, el uso de las tecnologías de la información son aspectos a tratarse, además de estudiar brevemente los marcadores de productividad, y la pérdida de control que las empresas virtuales pueden acarrear a futuro. Por ello, la mayoría de estos conglomerados, ha visto como una solución a sus problemas de aceptación y permanencia en el mundo comercial la utilización de esta forma de acercamiento con el público usuario o consumidor de sus servicios o productos. Lo vital, es presentarle otras alternativas, tan atractivas entre ellas como para elegir la más conveniente, según las necesidades del momento, del propio individuo y de su entorno.

Diplopia como primeiro sintoma de esclerose múltipla

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Auxiliadora Monteiro Frazão

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar a frequência e as características clínicas das alterações da motilidade ocular extrínseca em indivíduos portadores de esclerose múltipla, residentes no estado de São Paulo, em série de casos consecutivos de 1996 a 2011. Métodos: Foram selecionados oitenta e três indivíduos com esclerose múltipla, com idade entre 17 e 59 anos. Todos foram submetidos à anamnese e exame ocular completo. Resultados: Alterações da motilidade ocular extrínseca foram encontradas em 17 ( 20,48% dos 83 indivíduos. A diplopia ocorreu como primeiro sintoma da doença em 11 (13,25% indivíduos. Conclusão: A frequência de diplopia como primeiro sintoma de esclerose múltipla é relevante. Por esse fato, é fundamental ressaltar a importância da difusão do conhecimento desse achado para a realização de diagnóstico precoce de esclerose múltipla, tanto para o oftalmologista geral, como para o médico generalista, melhorando assim o prognóstico dos pacientes que dela padecem.

Videojuegos como herramienta educativa en la escuela: concienciando sobre el ciberbullying

OpenAIRE

Clavo Morata, Antonio

2017-01-01

Históricamente el acoso se ha visto como una experiencia normal y aceptada parte del periodo de vida de los niños y adolescentes, experiencia con la que tenían que lidiar ellos mismos. No ha sido hasta hace dos décadas cuando se ha empezado a ver como un riesgo para la salud mental y física de estos. Se han documentado problemas asociados a la atención, el comportamiento y a la regulación emocional, así como importantes trastornos psicológicos e incluso suicidios en casos extremos. El acoso e...

Arquitectura universitária : o campus como elemento arquitectónico

OpenAIRE

Martins, Luis Miguel Madruga, 1984-

2017-01-01

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura, Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa, 2017. Exame público realizado em 13 de Outubro de 2017. A presente investigação tem como objectivo estudar o campus universitário como elemento arquitectónico e urbanístico de modo a compreender, tanto a sua relevância histórica e social como o seu papel urbano dentro da cidade. Nesse sentido é essencial estudar o contexto histórico e social da origem da universidade e os modelos arquitectónicos que surgi...

Adapting the deep burn in-core fuel management strategy for the gas turbine - modular helium reactor to a uranium-thorium fuel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Talamo, Alberto; Gudowski, Waclaw

2005-01-01

equilibrium of the fuel composition, highlights the features of a deep burn in-core fuel management strategy for a uranium-thorium fuel

Shroud cutting techniques and collection systems for secondary radioactivity release

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yokoi, H.; Watanabe, A.; Uetake, N.; Shimura, T.; Omote, T.; Adachi, H.; Murakami, S.; Kobayashi, H.; Gotoh, M.

2001-01-01

Replacement of in-core shroud has been conducted as part of the preventive maintenance program in Tsuruga-1. The EDM (electric discharged machining) and plasma cutting methods were applied to in-core shroud cutting and secondary cutting in the DSP (dryer/separator pool), respectively. The cutting systems were improved in order to decrease radioactive secondary products. 1) Fundamental EDM cutting tests: fundamental EDM cutting tests were carried out in order to study secondary products. It could be presumed that volatile Co-carbonyl compound was generated by using a carbon electrode. The Ag/W electrode was effective as EDM electrode for in-core shroud cutting to prevent generation of Co-carbonyl compound and to decrease the total amount of secondary products. 2) In-core shroud cutting in RPV (reactor pressure vessel): EDM cutting system with the Ag/W electrode and collection system could keep a good environment during in-core shroud cutting in Tsuruga-1. Activity concentration was lower value than limitation of mask charge level, 4E-6 Bq/cm 3 , even near the water surface. 3) Secondary plasma cutting in DSP: the secondary cutting work was successful in the point of reduction of working period and radiation exposure. The amount of radiation exposure was reduced to 60% of the planned value, because of adequate decontamination of the working environment and reduction of number of torch maintenance tasks by improvements of the underwater cutting device

EL PERIODISMO CIVICO COMO COMUNICACION POLITICA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana María Miralles C.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available La autora retoma el ejercicio del periodismo cívico como el espacio en el cual la formación de la opinión pública adquiere características de un proyecto político dinámico en el que el ciudadano es el ente fundamental.

El dinero como acto de habla y como conjunto de funciones de status: aportaciones a una ontología del dinero

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joan González Guardiola

2012-03-01

Full Text Available En su polémica obra de 1995, The construction of social reality, John Searle presentaba una “nueva ontología de la realidad social” que, a menudo, utilizaba el dinero como ejemplo de sus análisis constitutivos. Uno de los aspectos que alguna crítica losó ca desarrolló con más intensidad respecto a las tesis de Searle en aquel libro era la posibilidad (que Searle negaba de que existieran objetos sociales independientes de base material (free – standing Y terms. Después de diversos artículos polémicos al respecto, Searle presentó, en el año 2010, una revisión y reexposición de sus concepciones al respecto (Making the social world, en la cual creía poder superar los elementos críticos de su anterior exposición (principalmente vinculados a algunos malentendidos respecto al alcance de la fórmula constitutiva “X cuenta como Y en C” postulando el principio según el cual “todos los hechos institucionales, y por consiguiente todas las funciones de status, son creadas por actos de habla del tipo de las “declaraciones””. El ob- jetivo del presente artículo consiste en mostrar que la reexposición de la teoría de Searle no permite llevar a cabo ningún avance en el terreno de la ontología del dinero siempre que no se modi que sustancialmente su concepción sobre la génesis del dinero, que hace surgir el dinero como objeto social a partir de la función de medio de cambio. Sin una revisión profunda del “relato genético” sobre el dinero que Searle mantenía en 1995 (muy próximo a lo que se puede considerar “análisis ortodoxo” en teoría monetaria, la nueva presentación del dinero como acto de habla aparece llena de tensiones entre el nivel constitutivo y el nivel genético, de manera que las potencialidades de una teoría del dinero como acto de habla se desvanecen.

La agrobiodiversidad como elemento de la seguridad alimentaria y ambiental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

De la Rosa Fernández, Lucía

2016-06-01

Full Text Available In this article, the importance and situation of the conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture is reviewed, taking into consideration not only the aspects specifically related to the conservation activity but also their role as components of biodiversity and providers of ecosystem services. Special attention is drawn to ex situ collections as providers of germplasm for direct use and for plant breeding, two elements that make an essential contribution to a greater resilience of agriculture to environmental changes. In particular, the state of conservation at national and global levels of genetic resources of Fabaceae species cultivated for human food and animal feed, is examined.En el artículo se revisa la importancia y la situación de la conservación de recursos fitogenéticos para la alimentación y la agricultura, tanto en los aspectos asociados específicamente a esta actividad como en aquellos otros derivados de su faceta como componente de la biodiversidad y proveedor de servicios ecosistémicos. Se incide en la función de las colecciones ex situ como fuente de materiales tanto para su utilización directa como en programas de mejora genética, ambos elementos imprescindibles para una agricultura resiliente frente al cambio ambiental. De forma específica, se describe el estado de la conservación de germoplasma de las especies de la familia de Fabaceae tanto para utilización en alimentación humana como en alimentación animal, en el ámbito nacional e internacional.

El buen entrenador como experto adaptativo que lidera al grupo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Jim\\u00E9nez S\\u00E1iz

2010-01-01

expertos en baloncesto, siguiendo los criterios de la literatura específica. Los resultados reflejan que los entrenadores destacan la capacidad de adaptación al contexto que les rodea, como algo prioritario para alcanzar el éxito como entrenadores. Los entrevistados subrayan que no abandonan su modelo de entrenamiento cuando cambian de contexto, sino que lo adaptan a una situación distinta.

Análise da retração por secagem em argamassas autonivelantes utilizando adições minerais como substitutos parciais do cimento portland

OpenAIRE

Carvalho, Henrique Duarte Sales

2015-01-01

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Florianópolis, 2015 Uma das principais dificuldades geradas na produção de argamassas autonivelantes para pisos está relacionada com o empenamento dos cantos (curling), ocasionado pela retração. A utilização de adições minerais é um tema que vem sendo explorado na área de materiais de construção civil com a finalidade de melhorar as propriedades das argamassas...

AFINAL, COMO SE FORMAM AS ESTRATÃGIAS?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maurício Fernandes Pereira

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Tem havido recentemente um grande interesse por parte dos autores em entender como se desenvolve a prática da estratégia organizacional. Partindo desta tendência, o presente trabalho descreve como ocorre o processo de formação estratégica em uma organização pertencente ao terceiro setor â o SESC/SC (Serviço Social do Comércio em Santa Catarina. A criação da estratégia na organização em estudo é analisada tomando-se como base os referenciais propostos por Whittington (2002, analisando duas dimensões principais: os resultados pretendidos com as estratégias e os processos pelos quais ela acontece. Com base nos dados coletados observou-se que, na prática da organização pesquisada, as razões que levam ao estabelecimento da estratégia não estão unicamente voltadas aos aspectos econômicos. Quanto à formação das estratégias, no caso estudado, predominou a formação da estratégia da visão clássica de Whittington (2002, por meio da utilização do planejamento estratégico.

Fibra da casca do coco verde como substrato agrícola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carrijo Osmar Alves

2002-01-01

Full Text Available A produção comercial de mudas e o cultivo sem solo de hortaliças estão se tornando práticas comuns entre os olericultores. Vários materiais orgânicos como as turfas, resíduos de madeira, casca de pinus e de arroz parcialmente carbonizada ou não, ou materiais inorgânicos como areia, rochas vulcânicas, perlita, lã de rocha e a espuma fenólica já são utilizados como substratos, isoladamente ou em composição. A casca de coco verde que em muitas regiões causa transtorno ao serviço de limpeza pública pelo volume e pela dificuldade de decomposição produz uma fibra que pode ser utilizada como substrato. Para a produção da fibra, a casca de coco verde é picada, desfibrada, triturada, lavada e secada. Para o uso como substrato na produção de mudas, a fibra deve passar por um processo de compostagem. Este processo não é necessário para o uso como substrato em cultivo sem solo, mas no entanto, o substrato necessitará ser enriquecido com nutrientes em pré-plantio ou em fertirrigação. O uso do substrato da fibra de coco verde na produção de tomate em casa de vegetação, alcançou, em termos absolutos, 13,2 kg m-2 de frutos comerciais (média de 3 anos cerca de 7,3% mais que o segundo melhor substrato, o pó de serra com 12,3 kg m-2.

Objetos de memória como referência da diversidade cultural

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rita de Castro Engler

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Os objetos, de um modo geral, são capazes de despertar lembranças e aguçar a memória. São importantes elementos de estudo para a identificação de laços culturais entre diferentes povos e culturas. Os objetos são carregados de simbolismos culturais, atravessam fronteiras e moldam-se aos costumes, materiais e modos de viver de um povo. Atravessam também o tempo, submetidos a constantes ressignificações passando do artesanal às incorporações do mundo tecnológico, industrial. Novas maneiras de brincar. Neste trabalho os brinquedos que atravessam fronteiras e se fazem presentes em diferentes culturas serão tomados como objeto de estudo.  A narrativa procurou tratar o brinquedo como objetos de memória e fonte de estudos, na medida em que refletem aspectos socioculturais e econômicos. A pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter exploratório, buscou um aprofundamento no tema e aprimoramento de ideias a respeito da potencialidade lúdica e educativa do brinquedo.  Como resultado, buscou-se consolidar conhecimentos acerca do brinquedo, como objeto de memória, como subsídio para propostas educacionais no estudo da diversidade cultural da América Latina. Os dados registrados podem contribuir com novos métodos educacionais, em formação de redes que fortaleçam o conhecimento de origens e uso dos objetos de memória como recurso didático e de qualidade de vida. Palavras-chave: Brinquedos infantis; diversidade cultural; objetos de memória; povos nativos; educação.

LA BIOÉTICA COMO QUEHACER FILOSÓFICO

Science.gov (United States)

Ferrer, Jorge José

2009-01-01

El artículo examina el estatuto epistemológico de la bioética como disciplina académica. El autor sostiene que el estatuto epistemológico de un discurso lo determina la pregunta fundamental que se plantea y la respuesta que se busca, focos integradores del discurso. En el caso de la bioética, la pregunta fundamental es de índole moral. La bioética es pues una disciplina ética que tiene su hogar epistemológico en la filosofía. El autor también defiende el concepto de “éticas aplicadas”. Sugiere finalmente que el método de la bioética, sobre todo la que se hace desde nuestras latitudes, debería adoptar el círculo hermenéutico como metodología para su filosofar. PMID:20463860

El investigador como educador musical y como divulgador

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Suárez-Pajares, Javier

2000-05-01

Full Text Available La presente ponencia trataba de plantear en la Mesa redonda "Investigación aplicada a la educación musical" una serie de problemas que surgen no tanto a quienes se dedican profesionalmente a la educación musical, sino a quienes, dedicados a la investigación y al estudio de temas relacionados con la historia de la música desde perspectivas diversas, tienen finalmente que transmitirlos a una audiencia determinada, ya sea otros colegas, alumnos de universidad, u otros públicos en los que se centra el concepto "divulgación" aludido en el título.Se incide particularmente en los problemas de la educación musical universitaria para no especialistas y en la divulgación científica aplicada a la música, un campo casi yermo sobre el que hay mucho que reflexionar: desde las nuevas posibilidades para la explicación de la música que ofrecen soportes nuevos como el CD-Rom, hasta las tradicionales formas de relación con un público melómano a través de notas a programas y críticas de conciertos.

Las comunidades locales como estructuras meso.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ferrand, Alexis

2002-09-01

Full Text Available Entre el nivel micro y el nivel macro: meso. Si el nivel macro está definido por la regulación nacional, estatal o del mercado y el nivel micro por la regulación interpersonal, una agencia de regulación intermediaria de mayor importancia ha sido definida como “comunidad local” (Wellman, Fischer. Aparte de las dimensiones organizacionales (organizaciones locales, clubes, tiendas... e institucionales (poder local, partidos... locales, es posible definir algunas propiedades estructurales pertinentes de los sistemas de relaciones interpersonales privadas: uno es el grado de “cerrado” (closure local (Barnes: redes locales vs. transversales, o la “dualidad” de estos sistemas. Apoyándose en la idea de que la eficiencia de los “puentes” reside en el tipo de cliques que conectan (Lin, es posible definir tipos variados de micro-estructuras, cuyas distribuciones en diferentes localidades son indicadores sucedáneos o aproximaciones de las diferentes meso estructuras de sistemas relacionales como combinaciones de redes “locales” y “no locales”.

JOGOS PAISAGÍSTICOS: MAPAS E ATLAS COMO CONCEITOS OPERATIVOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frederico Canuto

2014-04-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo coloca em discussão a produção de paisagens como prática que pode envolver diferentes agentes e percepções, não sendo estreitamente vinculado a um único olhar dito objetivo. A partir de tal discussão, mapas e atlas, instrumentos cartográficos por demais usuais, são aqui transformados em conceitos para se pensar a paisagem e sua produção na contemporaneidade levando em conta diferentes recortes epistemológicos, pontos de vista, agentes e sujeitos. Usando o conceito de espasmos advindo da critica do filósofo francês Gilles Deleuze a respeito das pinturas Francis Bacon, tais operadores serão discutidos como espaços autônomos de produção de paisagens a despeito de qualquer imagem exterior existente a priori. Serão usadas duas obras que, por sua vez, apontarão para a definição destes mesmos operadores: o trabalho artístico participativo Alter Bahnhof Vídeo Walk dos artistas Janet Cardiff e George Miller apresentado na DOCUMENTA XIII de Kassel em 2012 e o site interativo We feel Fine. An Exploration of Human Emotion, in Six Movements feito pelos designers Jonathan Harris e Sep Kamvar. E na conclusão, pretende-se discutir o mapa e atlas não como instrumentos de leitura de um real, mas eles mesmos como um real narrativo.

Limitaciones del IMC como indicador exclusivo de estado nutricional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moreno Romero, Susana

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar el potencial diagnóstico y las limitaciones del uso del Índice de Masa Corporal como único indicador del estado nutricional. Para ello se analizó una muestra constituida por 2155 sujetos de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 18 años y pertenecientes a tres poblaciones jujeñas que difieren en ubicación altitudinal y nivel socieconómico (NSE: 1. Susques, localidad rural situada a 3675 m.s.n.m; 2. Alto Comedero, barrio periférico de San Salvador de Jujuy (1250 m.s.n.m. de NSE bajo; y 3. José Hernández, muestra representativa del estrato SE elevado de la misma capital. Se tomaron las medidas directas de talla, peso, perímetro braquial y pliegues de grasa subcutánea tricipital y subescapular, entre otras. A partir de éstas, se calculó el IMC y las áreas tisulares del brazo. Se establecieron las categorías nutricionales en función de los percentilos establecidos por el NHANES I y II para la talla, IMC, área magra y grasa del brazo y pliegues tricipital y subescapular. Al comparar los resultados obtenidos para cada variable se comprueba como el uso exclusivo del IMC enmascara importantes patologías nutricionales, tanto por defecto como por exceso.

Neutron flux measurement by mobile detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Verchain, M.

1987-01-01

Various incore instrumentation systems and their technological evolution are first reviewed. Then, for 1300 MWe PWR nuclear power plant, temperature and neutron flux measurement are described. Mobile fission chambers, with their large measuring range and accurate location allow a good knowledge of the core. Other incore measures are possible because of flux detector thimble tubes inserted in the reactor core [fr

Octadecanoides como reguladores de la defensa de las plantas

OpenAIRE

G. Camarena Gutiérrez

2002-01-01

En años recientes muchas moléculas lipoides muy potentes han sido identificadas, comprenden compuestos lipofílicos no derivados de lípidos como los brasinoesteroides triterpenoides, otros que parcialmente son de origen lipídico como los lipo-oligosacáridos, factores de nodulación de especies de Rhizobium que pueden tener parientes endógenos en las plantas, y un tercer grupo, los octadecanoides, cuyas estructuras son derivadas de ácidos grasos vegetales. Las señales mediadas por lípid...

Pegada Hídrica como Indicador de Sustentabilidade Ambiental1

OpenAIRE

Kettrin Farias Bem Maracajá; Vicente de Paulo Rodrigues da Silva; José Dantas Neto; niversidade Federal de Campina Grande

2012-01-01

O conceito de pegada hídrica tem sido recentemente introduzido como um importante indicador do consumo de água humano, na tentativa de minimizar os impactos ambientais. Esse trabalho aborda o conceito da pegada hídrica como um indicador de sustentabilidade, com vistas o uso racional dos recursos hídricos. Nos últimos anos, a escassez de alguns recursos naturais vem sendo bastante discutido em todo o mundo e quanto à água a preocupação é ainda maior em face do uso desordenado na irrig...

Limitaciones del IMC como indicador exclusivo de estado nutricional

OpenAIRE

Moreno Romero, Susana; Dipierri, José Edgardo; Marrodán, María D.

2007-01-01

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar el potencial diagnóstico y las limitaciones del uso del Índice de Masa Corporal como único indicador del estado nutricional. Para ello se analizó una muestra constituida por 2155 sujetos de ambos sexos, con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 18 años y pertenecientes a tres poblaciones jujeñas que difieren en ubicación altitudinal y nivel socieconómico (NSE): 1.) Susques, localidad rural situada a 3675 m.s.n.m; 2.) Alto Comedero, barrio perifér...

Filosofia da ciência como ferramenta microeconômica

OpenAIRE

Fabio Barbieri

2006-01-01

A teoria neoclássica pressupõe conhecimento perfeito. A crítica hayekiana a essa teoria, por sua vez, afirma que esse conhecimento é resultado do processo competitivo e, portanto, não pode ser considerado como dado. O "Problema de Hayek" investiga sob que condições o conhecimento do agente se aproxima dos reais fundamentos de uma economia. A fim de solucionar o "Problema de Hayek", o nosso artigo utiliza algumas idéias da literatura de metodologia da Ciência, conhecida como teoria do "crescim...

Arteterapia: a arte como instrumento no trabalho do Psicólogo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alice Casanova dos Reis

Full Text Available A arteterapia é um método baseado no uso de várias formas de expressão artística com uma finalidade terapêutica. O presente artigo aborda a arteterapia tendo como objetivo refletir sobre a arte como instrumento de trabalho no campo específico da Psicologia. Apoiando-se na revisão de literatura sobre a temática, o artigo parte de um olhar histórico, examinando o contexto em que a arteterapia surge e seu desenvolvimento no Brasil. A seguir, são analisados os pressupostos fundamentais que norteiam o psicólogo nessa prática, assim como os aspectos conceituais e metodológicos próprios a cada uma das abordagens principais em arteterapia: psicanalítica, junguiana e gestáltica. A reflexão desenvolvida mostra que, apesar das diferentes molduras teóricas, a arteterapia é perpassada por uma concepção estética do humano, visto como um ser criativo, capaz de se transformar em artista da própria vida. Conclui-se, então, que a arte pode ser uma ferramenta valiosa para a atuação do psicólogo nos mais diferentes contextos, vinculada ao seu compromisso ético de contribuir para que o sujeito se (reconstitua como autor da própria história.

El derecho como modelo para las ciencias naturales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vittorio Villa

2005-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo comienza con una exposición del modo tradicional de entender, durante siglos, la relación entre ciencia jurídica y ciencias naturales. Describe después el cambio radical del contexto epistemológico de fondo que se ha producido en las últimas cuatro décadas. Expone luego cómo, dentro de ese cambio, va apareciendo el derecho como modelo para las ciencias naturales, en fuerza de dos tipos diversos de analogía entre el derecho y esas ciencias. La última parte está dedicada a proponer la concepción del autor sobre las razones de la elección del derecho como modelo

Causas estruturais e consequências dos regimes internacionais: regimes como variáveis intervenientes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stephen D. Krasner

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Os regimes internacionais são definidos como princípios, normas, regras e procedimentos de tomada de decisões ao redor dos quais as expectativas dos atores convergem em uma dada área-tema. Como ponto de partida, os regimes são conceituados como variáveis intervenientes, estando entre fatores causais básicos e os resultados e comportamentos relacionados. Há três visões a respeito da importância dos regimes: as orientações estruturais convencionais desvalorizam os regimes como sendo, na melhor das hipóteses, ineficazes; as orientações grocianas vêem os regimes como componentes íntimos do sistema internacional; as perspectivas estruturalistas modificadas vêem os regimes como significativos somente em certas condições restritas. Para os argumentos grociano e estruturalista modificado - que concordam com a visão de que os regimes podem influenciar resultados e comportamentos - , o desenvolvimento de regimes é visto como uma função de cinco variáveis causais básicas: auto-interesse egoísta; poder político; normas e princípios difusos; usos e costumes; conhecimento.

O jogo como ferramenta de ensino e aprendizagem em fonoaudiologia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kelly da Silva

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: descrever a percepção de discentes sobre a utilização da estratégia do jogo detetive em metodologias ativas para revisão de conteúdo. Método: 22 discentes de ambos os sexos e com média de 23 anos participaram de um jogo de tabuleiro como recurso didático-pedagógico para revisão de conteúdo de um módulo teórico-prático de um curso de graduação em Fonoaudiologia, sobre o tema Linguagem no adulto e idoso. Questões conceituais e casos clínicos foram apresentados para a resolução dos participantes, para que pudessem integrar a teoria com a prática clínica. Os participantes responderam a uma questão norteadora sobre a dinâmica proposta e os resultados foram tratados com técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: a estratégia foi descrita como uma intervenção dinâmica, que se opõe ao modelo não participativo, sendo considerada como de eficiência consistente e significativa para a revisão do conteúdo almejado, como favorecedora para a construção do conhecimento coletivo e adequado ao propósito do módulo. Conclusão: as respostas obtidas evidenciaram a percepção positiva dos discentes da pesquisa quanto à utilização do jogo “Detetive da Linguagem” como método de ensino e aprendizagem.

El proyecto Wiki Learning: Wikipedia como entorno de aprendizaje abierto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Los enfoques predominantes en el sistema educativo tradicional circunscriben las posibilidades de aprendizaje a entornos formales y cerrados. Sin embargo, las tecnologías móviles y plataformas digitales están transformando este paradigma, expandiendo las posibilidades de aprendizaje. A partir de esta condición y en el marco de la producción del conocimiento entre pares, sostenemos que Wikipedia puede ser utilizada como un entorno de aprendizaje abierto que cumple varios propósitos: a permite adquirir competencias básicas; b contribuye a la inteligencia colectiva; c acorta la brecha global de conocimiento; y, d facilita la construcción de redes globales de aprendizaje. Este estudio de caso tiene como objetivo presentar el proceso, estrategias y resultados del proyecto Wiki Learning, como modelo de aprendizaje abierto a través del uso de Wikipedia en una universidad mexicana. El proyecto abarcó desde la producción de artículos hasta talleres para el desarrollo de capacidades de profesores y estudiantes. Se realizaron encuestas a 57 docentes y 115 alumnos para identificar la percepción acerca de Wikipedia, su uso y posibilidades como herramienta educativa. Los resultados demostraron que a pesar de que todos son usuarios de Wikipedia, existe un desconocimiento general sobre su funcionamiento, estructura y comunidades, además de cierta desconfianza. Se presenta un desafío para romper el estigma y recuperar el valor de la gestión compartida del conocimiento, el propósito de la enciclopedia y su lugar como producto de la inteligencia colectiva.

Estudio de Factibilidad para la Implementación de un ERP como Software como Servicio para la fuerza de ventas de una PYME

OpenAIRE

Artola Jarrín, Cyntia Lorena

2014-01-01

84 hojas : ilustraciones, 29 x 21 cm + CD-ROM 3681 La cobertura de esta tesis es proporcionar a los empresarios de las Pymes los conocimientos necesarios sobre el proceso y desarrollo en la verificación de la factibilidad de implementar un ERP como Software como Servicio, para potencializar y automatizar los procesos de la organización, con la finalidad de tener la información en tiempo real para la toma de decisiones oportunas. El fin de esta tesis es formar un manual de consulta para el ...

Estudio del uso de robots industriales como asistentes en operaciones de laparoscopia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernardo Efraín Garcés

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un estudio sobre el uso de los robots industriales como asistentes en operaciones de laparoscopia. Se presenta un resumen sobre la laparoscopia como método quirúrgico así como de esta intervención asistida por robots. Se aborda de manera particular el problema del paso por el orificio abdominal (trocar por donde se introducen los instrumentos quirúrgicos. Este problema es resuelto a través de un algoritmo de optimización que entrega las trayectorias que deben seguir las articulaciones del codo y la muñeca de un robot antropomórfico. Se estudian dos robots industriales (Puma de Unimation y PA10 de Mitsubishi y se evalúan en simulación sus respectivos desempeños como posibles asistentes en operaciones de este tipo.

La comunicación corno quehacer y como problema

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Luis Mier

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Este número aborda la comunicación desde las tres interpretaciones más importantes: la tradicionalista, la militar y mercantilista y el arte popular tan inestable, cuestionado y cambiante. Canclini cuestiona la compartamentalización de cultura: popular y de medios y esboza los problemas que plantea la tradicional miopía de no reconocer la universalización y ubicuidad de la cultura de masas. Se agregan otros temas como: ¿Re-intelección de los medios? apuntes sobre un libro de los Mattelart, ¿"Ética" o "Deontología"?, El lenguaje del vestido y de la fiesta,Talleres de cultura Popular en Santiago de Chile, El dilema del arte popular en Bolivia,¿Sobrevivirán las artesanías aborígenes argentinas?, Los tejedores de El Tintorero, Tecnologías de computación y Tercer Mundo, La cobertura del terremoto en México, La comunicación como quehacer y como problema, la comunicación planificada sirve al desarrollo

Fissuras labiopalatinas, ganho de peso e cirurgias: leite materno versus fórmulas lácteas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Roberto Tovani Palone

2015-10-01

Full Text Available As fissuras labiopalatinas são as anomalias craniofaciais mais comuns na espécie humana. Por sua vez, com o propósito de ganho de peso corporal necessário para realização das cirurgias reabilitadoras, uma alternativa rotineiramente utilizada para crianças com fissuras consiste no uso de fórmulas lácteas industrializadas, como um substituto do leite materno ou mesmo uma suplementação alimentar. Contudo, é imprescindível a conscientização das mães e demais cuidadores desse grupo de crianças sobre a importância do aleitamento materno e seus benefícios adicionais, os quais inclusive colocam em questionamento a necessidade e viabilidade da prescrição dessas fórmulas nos casos em que a amamentação natural é possível. Ademais, o tipo de alimentação, aleitamento natural ou artificial é de notória importância, com influência direta na composição da microbiota gastrintestinal e possibilidades de impactos sobre a imunomodulação destes indivíduos.

DISCURSO DO DISCENTE DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO SOBRE UNIVERSIDADE, CURSO, ADMINISTRAÇÃO E ADMINISTRADOR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yákara Vasconcelos Pereira Leite

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O texto tem como objetivo compreender as representações de universidade, curso, Administração e administrador, de graduandos em Administração – iniciantes e concluintes – de duas universidades públicas federais de um estado do nordeste brasileiro. Realizaram-se dois tipos de entrevistas, com doze sujeitos. Dentre os resultados, destacam-se algumas dimensões. Quanto à universidade, as mais recorrentes são: inserção no mercado, crescimento, gratuidade, status, independência, entre outras. Sobre o curso de Administração, fala-se sobre vocação, conveniência, curso generalista, curso complementar, curso substituto e, ainda, curso voltado para a prática. No tocante às representações de Administração, predominam: ciência, arte, mediação, pragmatismo, senso comum e adiamento. Sobre o administrador, há um silêncio discursivo, emergindo em seu lugar: o professor, o empreendedor e o servidor público. Os resultados autorizam afirmar que ainda é necessário refletir sobre a natureza e o papel da Administração na sociedade.

El docente como estudiante: pensamiento, actitudes y rendimiento académico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mª TERESA ESQUIVIAS SERRANO

2005-01-01

Full Text Available La finalidad de esta investigación es describir las actuaciones de un grupo de profesores en su papel como estudiantes, en términos de la manifestación del pensamiento productivo, las actitudes y el aprovechamiento académico en este proceso formativo, como un aspecto relevante a considerar dentro en la contextualidad de la calidad docente. Para ello se trabajó con un grupo de cinco participantes a quienes denominaremos como: (profesores-estudiantes en dos cursos (semestres de estudios de posgrado en Enseñanza de las Ciencias con Especialidad en Química, en una Universidad de prestigio pública al norte de México. La investigación que se llevó a cabo fue de corte mixto, de tal forma que los resultados que arrojan ambas líneas enriquecen las conclusiones obtenidas. Los hallazgos son relevantes, dada la implicación que tiene en un profesor su vivencia como estudiante y la manifestación de su pensamiento creativo y actitudinal en la trascendencia de su profesión.

Um novo substituto vascular: arterioplastia femoral em cães com remendo de membrana de biopolímero de cana-de-açúcar - avaliação hemodinâmica e histopatológica A new vascular substitute: femoral artery angioplasty in dogs using sugarcane biopolymer membrane patch - hemodynamic and histopathologic evaluation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvio Romero de Barros Marques

2007-12-01

Full Text Available CONTEXTO: A obtenção de um substituto arterial ideal para o emprego nas reconstruções das artérias de pequeno e médio calibre é ainda o principal objetivo da maioria das pesquisas científicas desenvolvidas no campo dos substitutos vasculares. A membrana de biopolímero de cana-de-açúcar pode ser de grande utilidade para a realização das reconstruções arteriais em vasos de calibre inferior a 4 mm e assim permitir o tratamento de doenças que afetam milhões de pessoas no Brasil e em todo o mundo. OBJETIVO: Avaliar do ponto de vista hemodinâmico e histopatológico o comportamento da membrana do biopolímero de cana-de-açúcar quando utilizada com remendo em arterioplastias femorais em cães. MÉTODO: Oito cães adultos mestiços sob anestesia geral foram submetidos no Núcleo de Cirurgia Experimental do Centro de Ciências da Saúde-UFPE a velocimetria Doppler percutânea das artérias femorais direita e esquerda para controle pré-operatório. Sob condições de assepsia e anti-sepsia, os cães foram submetidos a arterioplastia femoral bilateral com remendos da membrana de biopolímero de cana-de-açúcar no lado esquerdo e de PTFE expandido (e-PTFE no lado direito. Na primeira semana pós-operatória, os cães foram submetidos a avaliação clínica diária e semanal a partir do oitavo dia. A avaliação clínica consistiu no exame dos pulsos femorais, na avaliação da marcha e na observação da presença de tumor pulsátil, hematoma ou hemorragia e infecção da ferida operatória. Após 180 dias das arterioplastias, sob anestesia geral, procedeu-se nova fluxometria Doppler percutânea das artérias femorais. Os animais foram submetidos à dissecção das artérias femorais, medido o diâmetro arterial e realizada velocimetria Doppler trans-operatória em pontos proximal e distal à arterioplastia. A seguir foi realizada laparotomia e exposição da aorta abdominal para acesso arteriográfico. Os segmentos das art

La Incapacidad laboral como indicador de gestión sanitaria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Manuel Vicente Pardo

2015-06-01

Full Text Available La incapacidad laboral es la situación de pérdida de la capacidad laboral consecuencia de las limitaciones funcionales derivadas de enfermedad o lesión sobrevenida, por lo que está relacionada de forma primordial y directa con la pérdida de la salud (limitación funcional con impedimento laboral, ya que sin esta pérdida no cabría la determinación de una situación de incapacidad. Por ello la incapacidad laboral tiene un elemento sanitario que conviene conocer y los datos derivados de la misma son útiles tanto por su valor como indicador de resultado de las acciones sanitarias, como por su referente como indicador de calidad de vida, pues su situación establece una merma de la calidad de vida básica y fundamentalmente la utilización de los datos de incapacidad como indicador para la gestión sanitaria de gran trascendencia y que obliga al tratamiento de la misma más allá de la simple cuantificación economicista que la priva de la trascendencia sanitaria que dimana de sus datos de salud la incapacidad laboral relacionados, incluyendo el elemental de la enfermedad o la lesión que se padece. El uso de los datos de incapacidad con fines de gestión exige el soporte informático adecuado que la facilite y dada su enorme escala y diversidad, ello sólo es posible con el uso de herramientas de tecnología informática como los "big data" que permitan la recogida, el archivo, comunicación, transferencia y análisis de los datos de incapacidad de enorme volumen y complejidad y su interrelación con otros para confeccionar el mapa de la incapacidad y convertirse en herramienta de planificación y estrategia de gestión sanitaria y de protección social. No obstante lo cual, y hasta que ello no esté disponible, es imprescindible y beneficioso, el uso del dato de incapacidad tipo y grado, asociado a diagnóstico y actividad laboral como un indicador de gestión. Conclusiones: La incapacidad es un indicador de resultado sanitario, un

Fibra da casca do coco verde como substrato agrícola

OpenAIRE

Carrijo Osmar Alves; Liz Ronaldo Setti de; Makishima Nozomu

2002-01-01

A produção comercial de mudas e o cultivo sem solo de hortaliças estão se tornando práticas comuns entre os olericultores. Vários materiais orgânicos como as turfas, resíduos de madeira, casca de pinus e de arroz parcialmente carbonizada ou não, ou materiais inorgânicos como areia, rochas vulcânicas, perlita, lã de rocha e a espuma fenólica já são utilizados como substratos, isoladamente ou em composição. A casca de coco verde que em muitas regiões causa transtorno ao serviço de limpeza públi...

Monitoring device for the reactor power distribution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uematsu, Hitoshi; Tsuiki, Makoto

1982-01-01

Purpose: To enable accurate monitoring for the power distribution in a short time, as well as independent detection for in-core neutron flux detectors in abnormal operation due to failures or like other causes to thereby surely provide reliable substitute values. Constitution: Counted values are inputted from a reactor core present status data detector by a power distribution calculation device to calculate the in-core neutron flux density and the power distribution based on previously stored physical models. While on the other hand, counted value from the in-core neutron detectors and the neutron flux distribution and the power distribution calculated from the power distribution calculation device are inputted from a BCF calculation device to compensate the counting errors incorporated in the counted value from the in-core neutron flux detectors and the calculation errors incorporated in the power distribution calculated in the power distribution calculation device respectively and thereby calculate the power distribution in the reactor core. Further, necessary data are inputted to the power distribution calculation device by an input/output device and the results calculated in the BCF calculation device are displayed. (Aizawa, K.)

La utilidad como satisfacción de sí

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel Emilio Muñoz Cardona

2008-04-01

Full Text Available El fin del presente ensayo es mostrar cómo debería ser entendido hoy el término utilitarismo desde la economía política y desde la filosofía moral. Generalmente se asocia el término utilitario a una persona o a una acción política o social con una calificación despectiva, que da a entender una posición altamente egoísta de utilización fría y calculadora. Lo que no debería de ser así, ya que el fin que perseguían los filósofos y economistas del siglo XVIII como: Francis Hutcheson, Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham y John Stuart Mill fue la de ilustrar cuál es la importancia social de buscar en cada una de las acciones particulares el bienestar general. Es decir, encontrar la mejor manera de mostrar el mal que representa tanto para sí mismo como para la construcción de una sociedad prospera y pujante el egoísmo (selfishness. Por lo tanto, el utilitarismo debería ser visto y entendido como la preocupación filosófica y de la economía política más importante (desde el siglo XVIII hasta nuestros días en la búsqueda por el bienestar social como un todo. En otras palabras, lo bueno que por naturaleza significa para el hombre la satisfacción en el cuidado de su yo social, en su self love.

Netnografia como aporte metodológico da pesquisa em comunicação digital

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amaral, Adriana

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Ao definir o papel da netnografia como uma metodologia para estudos na Internet (HINE, 2000 e como um método interpretativo e investigativo para o comportamento cultural e de comunidades on-line (KOZINETS, 1997, o próprio método se traduz como objeto de estudo no presente artigo. Abordamos aqui alguns exemplos de uso do método nos estudos em comunicação mediada pelo computador, assim como uma breve problematização sobre o papel do pesquisador nesse contexto

Causas estruturais e consequências dos regimes internacionais: regimes como variáveis intervenientes

OpenAIRE

Krasner, Stephen D.

2012-01-01

Os regimes internacionais são definidos como princípios, normas, regras e procedimentos de tomada de decisões ao redor dos quais as expectativas dos atores convergem em uma dada área-tema. Como ponto de partida, os regimes são conceituados como variáveis intervenientes, estando entre fatores causais básicos e os resultados e comportamentos relacionados. Há três visões a respeito da importância dos regimes: as orientações estruturais convencionais desvalorizam os regimes como sendo, na melhor ...

ECMO como puente a decisión

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charles E. Juvin-Bouvier

2017-09-01

La ECMO es una herramienta fundamental en el manejo del shock cardiogénico refractario para ganar tiempo con vistas a decidir una actitud definitiva pero puede condicionar situaciones de peligro vital como la hemorragia secundaria a la anticoagulación que requiere el dispositivo.

JUSTICIA TRANSICIONAL: DERECHO A LA VERDAD COMO CONSTRUCCIÓN DE FUTUROS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aura María Echeverría

2016-08-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo hace parte del proyecto de investigación que tiene como objeto determinar la eficacia de las leyes que establecen la justicia transicional en Colombia, particularmente en algunos casos ocurridos en el departamento de Bolívar entre los años 1999 y 2001. Y dentro de los objetivos específicos del trabajo se propone conocer cada uno de los derechos correlacionales a la justicia transicional: verdad, justicia y reparación. En particular, el presente artículo es un avance del citado proyecto de investigación gira en torno a plantear que el conocer la verdad, vista ésta como construcción de la memoria histórica, puede facilitar los procesos de conciencia, colectividad, la sensibilización y el apoyo, hacia las víctimas y así la posibilidad de la reconciliación y de la construcción de paz en Colombia. El texto propone la siguiente estructura: i definir lo que en el presente trabajo se debe entender como verdad, ya que es un concepto con varias acepciones y significados, ii establecer como se relaciona la divulgación de esa memoria histórica con la construcción de futuro y transformación del conflicto en un contexto de complejidad creciente; iii Posteriormente, plantear como se puede convertir esta en la base de un proceso de transformación del conflicto.

El rasgo invariante como respuesta subjetiva en el autismo

OpenAIRE

Torres, Mónica Miriam

2015-01-01

Trascendiendo las diversas presentaciones posibles del autismo, ya la psiquiatría clásica recortaba rasgos constantes, invariantes que se desplegaban en todos los casos. Estos fenómenos en cuestión fueron considerados desde la fundación del cuadro clínico por Leo Kanner en 1943, como gravísimos trastornos. A pesar de que además de aparecer de manera drástica impregnando el cuadro también surgían en otros casos al modo de rasgos discretos y sutiles - como lo mencionaba Hans Asperger en las des...

El icófono musical como portador publicitario

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Gértrudix Barrio

2012-04-01

Full Text Available A partir del análisis semiótico dela música, entendida esta comosistema semiótico no-lingüísticoque se fundamenta en el ámbitoexpresivo, se justifica un nuevoelemento de significación que,bajo la denominación de Icofonomusical, actúa como un supersignoacústico aislado, capacitado paraactivar en el auditor, como fragmento textual, un área de significación autónoma.Desde la percepción provisoria desu naturaleza, se indaga entresus capacidades y características publicitarias, y se detectauna actualización concreta cuyovalor y funcio-nalidad es extraordinaria en el ámbito publicitarioaudiovisual: el fonotipo se revelacomo un interesante instrumentopara la identificación expresa dela marca y del producto.

Optimization of refueling loading pattern of uranium zirconium hydride research reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Wei; Xie Zhongsheng; Chen Da

1999-01-01

The orthogonal design method is used in the optimization of in-core fuel management. A code package of in-core fuel management in hexagonal geometry HEX-ORTH is developed. The loading pattern after the end of 3 cycle of Xi'an Pulsed Reactor is optimized using the HEX-ORTH. The optimistic loading pattern of the core are obtained as the objective function is Max(k eff BOC )

A cachaça como patrimônio: turismo, cultura e sabor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcus Vinicius Fernandes Braga

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A Cachaça é uma bebida originalmente brasileira, descoberta de forma acidental logo nas primeiras décadas da história do país. Enfrentou o preconceito das elites e a proibição de sua fabricação. Todavia como uma legítima representante popular brasileira resistiu bravamente aos entraves impostos a sua existência, alcançou os paladares mais exigentes e se popularizou no país, se consolidando também pelo mundo, como o destilado de cana-de-açúcar do Brasil. Chamada de Pinga, branquinha, amansa corno, água santa, entre outros nomes, foi utilizada como remédio fortificante, moeda de troca, além de ter sido um símbolo de patriotismo, de luta e de resistência, incentivou as artes, aguçou e ainda aguça a criatividade do povo. Um produto nacional de muitas histórias e valor cultural, democrática desde suas raízes, uma legítima representante nacional, um patrimônio histórico, cultural e imaterial, que apresenta muitas potencialidades ainda a ser descobertas, como sua utilização na gastronomia, seja nos preparos mais populares ou sofisticados e a exploração de sua história e dos espaços de produção, assim como, na preservação de suas memórias, como atrativo para a prática do turismo cultural e outras modalidades do turismo em paralelo.

Vamos privilegiar os mais fracos: a economia solidária brasileira como possibilidade de (reinserção do território como base do desenvolvimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Ortigoza

2014-12-01

Full Text Available A economia solidária pode ser definida como outra economia mais justa que ressalta o humano e o coletivo e que, baseada na autogestão, apresenta novas relações sociais e produtivas. Este artigo aborda as políticas públicas brasileiras em economia solidária como possibilidade de melhoria das condições gerais de vida da população e de diminuição das desigualdades regionais. Destaca a importância da dimensão territorial como o foco de análise do desenvolvimento da economia solidária, a partir do momento em que as atividades produtivas passam a estar integradas às potencialidades das diversas comunidades, valorizando a diversidade cultural, a identidade local e as experiências cotidianas.

Guatemala como alternativa de desarrollo local

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa Elba Hernandez Cruz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El área aledaña a la Reserva de la biósfera del Volcán Tacaná, en Chiapas México destaca por la producción de café, además de una alta diversidad de flora y fauna; sin embargo las comunidades rurales que habitan estos espacios están en constante búsqueda de alternativas productivas para mejorar sus medios de vida y cuidar el ambiente el cual está sufriendo deterioro. Ante esta situación se planteó como objetivo la integración de una red de fincas agroecoturísticas en los municipios de Cacahoatán, Tuxtla Chico, Unión Juárez en Chiapas, México y una comunidad en Guatemala. Para construir la propuesta se utilizó la metodología de modos de vida, se realizaron talleres participativos, recorridos en campo y se identificaron los productos turísticos. Se concluye, a partir del análisis de los modos de vida, que la región presenta características y oportunidades para desarrollar la red de agroecoturismo como una alternativa económica.

El Empoderamiento como Herramienta de Desarrollo del Talento Humano en las Organizaciones

OpenAIRE

2012-01-01

Durante muchos años la Gerencia de Recursos Humanos en las organizaciones, fue considerada como un área de soporte, que sencillamente realizaba la selección y contratación de personal, desarrollaba temas de bienestar como las fiestas y regalos de fin de año, lo cual evidenciaba una desconexión de esta área con los objetivos estratégicos y las metas de la Compañía, sencillamente porque no había claridad como desde sus actividades podía aportar al logro de los objetivos y a la productividad de ...

XML como medio de normalización y desarrollo documental.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

de la Rosa, Antonio

1999-12-01

Full Text Available The Web, as a working environment for information science professionals, demands the exploitation of new tools. These tools are intended to allow the information management in a structured and organised way. XML and its specifications offer a wide range of solutions for the problems of our domain: either for the development of documentary software or the day-to-day tasks. In this article, the XML standard is briefly presented and its possible impact in the profession is evaluated as well as the possibilities to use it as vehicle for the creation of information systems.

El Web, como entorno de trabajo para los profesionales de la documentación, requiere la utilización de nuevas herramientas que permitan gestionar la información de forma estructurada y organizada. XML y las especificaciones que se derivan de él ofrecen una amplia gama de soluciones a los diversos problemas que atañen a nuestra disciplina, tanto para el desarrollo de software documental como para las tareas cotidianas. En este artículo se presenta brevemente la norma XML y se evalúa su posible impacto en la profesión así como las posibilidades de utilizarlo como vehículo para la creación de sistemas de información.

USO DEL FEEDBACK COMO ESTRATEGIA DE EVALUACION: APORTES DESDE UN ENFOQUE SOCIOCONSTRUCTIVISTA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flor Jiménez Segura

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El presente documento analiza el uso del "feedback" como una estrategia de evaluación desde una perspectiva constructivista sociocultural y situada, utilizado por un grupo de docentes de la educación superior en el Practicum. Se conceptualiza el feedback como una ayuda potencial del profesorado hacia estudiantado y que se distribuye a lo largo del proceso educativo en las situaciones de evaluación que se realizan; donde la persona docente puede ayudar en el ajuste y adaptación que experimenta cada una de las personas en dicho proceso. Esta investigación sirve como insumo para las personas profesionales en Orientación que se desempeñan como docentes y que pueden utilizar el feedback como una estrategia de evaluación. Algunos de los resultados de la investigación identifican su utilización en situaciones evaluativas por parte del personal docente del Practicum en el análisis institucional, la planificación, la programación, la intervención y su respectiva evaluación, la tutoría o seminario y la defensa ante un tribunal examinador de la memoria o carpeta de aprendizaje que realiza el estudiantado.

O MARKETING SOCIAL COMO DIFERENCIAL COMPETITIVO: O CASO DA EMPRESA EXPRESSO GUANABARA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrícia Grenfell Oliveira

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos anos as organizações têm demonstrado grande preocupação com as questões sociais e os conflitos ambientais que cercam nossa sociedade. Neste contexto surge o conceito de responsabilidade social e o marketing social, como um campo de atuação inspirado na ideia de sustentabilidade, capaz de alavancar a imagem e a marca da organização, além de ser uma diferencial perante seus concorrentes. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa teve como principal objetivo verificar a percepção dos clientes da Empresa Expresso Guanabara sobre o marketing social como diferencial competitivo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem quali-quantitativa, de cunho exploratório e descritivo, fazendo uso do método estudo de caso. O marketing social pode ser visto como um diferencial competitivo que visa favorecer a organização e sua imagem perante seus stakeholders. Os resultados evidenciam que os clientes da empresa ainda não utilizam seus serviços pelo fato desta ser socialmente responsável e desenvolver estratégias de marketing social. Desta forma, concluir-se que na empresa estudada o marketing social ainda não é compreendido como um diferencial competitivo perante seus clientes e gestores.

O MARKETING SOCIAL COMO DIFERENCIAL COMPETITIVO: O CASO DA EMPRESA EXPRESO GUANABARA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrícia Grenfell Oliveira

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos anos as organizações têm demonstrado grande preocupação com as questões sociais e os conflitos ambientais que cercam nossa sociedade. Neste contexto surge o conceito de responsabilidade social e o marketing social, como um campo de atuação inspirado na ideia de sustentabilidade, capaz de alavancar a imagem e a marca da organização, além de ser uma diferencial perante seus concorrentes. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa teve como principal objetivo verificar a percepção dos clientes da Empresa Expresso Guanabara sobre o marketing social como diferencial competitivo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem quali-quantitativa, de cunho exploratório e descritivo, fazendo uso do método estudo de caso. O marketing social pode ser visto como um diferencial competitivo que visa favorecer a organização e sua imagem perante seus stakeholders. Os resultados evidenciam que os clientes da empresa ainda não utilizam seus serviços pelo fato desta ser socialmente responsável e desenvolver estratégias de marketing social. Desta forma, concluir-se que na empresa estudada o marketing social ainda não é compreendido como um diferencial competitivo perante seus clientes e gestores.

Obtención de nanopartículas de carbonato de calcio a partir de precursores inorgánicos y sacarosa como aditivo con potencial utilización como biomaterial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fatah Takabait

2016-09-01

Full Text Available En esta comunicación se presentan unos primeros resultados de interés relevante sobre la obtención de carbonato de calcio precipitado como nanopartículas de los polimorfos vaterita y calcita. Se parte de precursores inorgánicos, nitrato de calcio tetrahidratado y bicarbonato de sodio, en presencia de sacarosa empleada como aditivo orgánico en disolución acuosa. Las fases cristalinas formadas se estudian mediante difracción de rayos X con un método cuantitativo y la morfología de las partículas obtenidas, mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido. Cuando no se emplea el aditivo orgánico se consigue la precipitación de calcita, polimorfo más estable termodinámicamente, como fase nanocristalina predominante (83% mezclada con vaterita. Con una alta concentración del aditivo (67% se obtiene vaterita como fase mayoritaria (> 98%. La utilización del aditivo en distinta proporción produce la formación de los 2 polimorfos de carbonato de calcio, siendo vaterita la fase predominante. La morfología de las partículas obtenidas muestra la formación de partículas nanoesféricas uniformes con contornos irregulares que se asocian a vaterita, así como partículas romboédricas de calcita cuando está presente, con potencial interés por su biocompatibilidad para su aplicación como biomateriales en implantes óseos.

PWR thermocouple mechanical sealing structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shen Qiuping; He Youguang

1991-08-01

The PWR in-core temperature detection device, which is one of measures to insure reactor safety operation, is to monitor and diagnose reactor thermal power output and in-core power distribution. The temperature detection device system uses thermocouples as measuring elements with stainless steel protecting sleeves. The thermocouple has a limited service time and should be replaced after its service time has reached. A new sealing device for the thermocouples of reactor in-core temperature detection system has been developed to facilitate replacement. The structure is complete tight under high temperature and pressure without any leakage and seepage, and easy to be assembled or disassembled in radioactive environment. The device is designed to make it possible to replace the thermocouple one by one if necessary. This is a new, simple and practical structure

INDEPENDÊNCIA OU MORTE: A APOPTOSE COMO MECANISMO DE DEFESA

OpenAIRE

Gasques, Luciano Seraphim; Galvanini, Paulo Alexandre; Favaretto, Fernando; Santana, Tamara Francislaine; Pamphile, João Alencar

2015-01-01

Nas relações desarmônicas, os hospedeiros tendem a selecionar mutações que conferem resistência aos patógenos, enquanto estes selecionam as que neutralizam a resistência. Dessa forma, o processo evolutivo desencadeia nos mais diversificados mecanismos de defesa, entre eles, um mecanismo pouco explorado, à apoptose. Esta revisão teve como objetivo verificar os principais sistemas biológicos que apresentam a apoptose como mecanismo de defesa. Entre os principais sistemas estudados neste trabalh...

El queso como recurso turístico para el desarrollo regional:la Vall de Boí como caso de estudio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francesc Fusté Forné

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El turismo gastronómico es una tipología turística que sea o no la motivación principal de un desplazamiento turístico, está presente en cualquier viaje. Éste representa una fuente de ingresos provenientes de los turistas y a la vez genera también sinergias que benefician el desarrollo de la comunidad local. Este artículo analiza cómo el queso actúa como un recurso turístico y a la vez como una herramienta para el desarrollo de los productores autóctonos, desde un punto de vista cualitativo. Para ello se analiza en qué formas el queso está presente en las cartas de los restaurantes de la Vall de Boí, destino Patrimonio de la Humanidad en el Pirineo catalán.

El papel del desarrollo finnaciero como fuente del crecimiento económico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Luis Hernández Mota

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Recientemente ha surgido el debate por el papel del sistema financiero en el crecimiento económico; sin embargo, en la mayor parte de la literatura se tiene como finalidad medir el impacto del primero sobre el segundo, a través de relaciones econométricas. Por ello, el presente trabajo contribuye a la literatura retomando el análisis del modelo canónico de crecimiento económico, donde se introduce la variable financiera como factor que puede provocar una influencia permanente sobre la tasa de crecimiento económico por medio de su grado de complementariedad con la acumulación de capital y la productividad, y no únicamente como un factor explicativo de ella. Así, se manifiesta la importancia de los efectos reales que provoca el desarrollo del sistema financiero en los factores del crecimiento económico aplicable tanto a las economías desarrolladas como para las emergentes.

Arquitectura como percepción

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mañana Borrazás, Patricia

2003-12-01

Full Text Available This text sets out to illustrate types of basic analysis in researching a question as intrinsically human as perception. In the analysis of a construction, the aspects relative to perception allow us to access interesting information as to how a construction functions and what is implied by its different spaces, information which is in direct relation to more human, living aspects of architecture. These analyses complement formal analyses, as while these allow us to describe a construction in time and space, analyses of perception seek to stress the existing relationship between the human being and the construction, understanding architecture as a physical element to be experienced and which has been constructed to create a favourable atmosphere for certain perceptions. The study first shows the most basic elements in perception analysis and how these support a methodology that attempts to understand a construction in all its aspects (formal, social, symbolic, giving as an example a Neolithic Galician burial mound.Este texto trata de ilustrar los tipos de análisis básicos para investigar una cuestión tan intrínsecamente humana como la percepción. En el análisis de una construcción, los aspectos relativos a la percepción nos permiten acceder a una interesante información de cómo una construcción funciona y qué implican sus distintos espacios, información en directa relación con los aspectos más humanos y vivenciales de la arquitectura. Son unos análisis complementarios a los análisis formales, ya que mientras estos nos permiten describir en el espacio y en el tiempo una construcción, los análisis de percepción tratan de incidir en la relación existente entre el ser humano y la construcción, entendiendo a la arquitectura también como elemento físico a experimentar y que ha sido construido para propiciar ciertas percepciones. Se exponen en primer lugar las claves más básicas de los análisis de percepción y cómo estos se

La tortilla como identidad culinaria y producto de consumo global

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Margarita Calleja Pinedo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La tortilla forma parte de la identidad culinaria de los mexicanos que viven en México o en el extranjero; es un componente básico de los antojitos, acompaña a los plati- llos festivos y es un suministro consuetudinario en la co- mida. Desde la época colonial, españoles, indios y mexica- nos produjeron en el norte del país una cultura culinaria, hoy conocida como tex-mex, que ha sido recreada por las olas constantes de migrantes, y aunque en México fue re- chazada, en Estados Unidos y en el imaginario global es reconocida como mexicana, de la que la tortilla de maíz o de trigo es un elemento identificador. A medida que las innovaciones en la comida rápida aumentan, la tortilla se ha convertido en un objeto comestible para el consumo global, desarraigado del patrimonio culinario de origen; como su cede en Shanghai, China, el caso analizado aquí.

Álcool combustível no Brasil e path dependence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pery Francisco Assis Shikida

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a relação de path dependence no sistema econômico e institucional do álcool combustível no Brasil. O etanol, após fases de crescimento e desafios, tornou-se parte da matriz energética brasileira. Esta trajetória reflete a persistência de uma rota (caminho traçada sob influência de organizações (usinas e destilarias, setor de máquinas e equipamentos, indústria automobilística, Estado, organizações corporativistas, P&D e de agentes econômicos (consumidores voltados, direta ou indiretamente, para a manutenção dessa rota escolhida. Este arranjo de "interesses" deu sustentação ao etanol brasileiro, mesmo em momentos em que a competitividade deste combustível era questionada como opção energética mais adequada para a substituição de gasolina/ diesel. Mesmo após a retomada do setor nos anos 2000, em que a tecnologia flex e as crescentes preocupações acerca das mudanças climáticas impulsionaram o setor no Brasil e no mundo, a escolha do etanol como substituto dos derivados do petróleo ainda se mostra ameaçada por novas tecnologias renováveis e mesmo pela descoberta de novas reservas de petróleo. Fica claro que, caso se deseje manter a liderança no mercado nacional de combustíveis e expandir o mercado internacional para estes produtos, a coalizão em torno do álcool combustível ainda precisará enfrentar diversas questões técnicas e institucionais.

La Justicia como virtud

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martínez-Sicluna y Sepúlveda, Consuelo

2003-07-01

Full Text Available El sentimiento de la justicia representa el hábito de conducta por el que nos vemos obligados, en cualquier relación, a dar a cada uno lo suyo. Ahora bien, esta disposición del espíritu se inscribe en las coordenadas que definen al hombre: verdad, libertad y bien. El hombre como ser racional y por tanto libre: el único ser que se determina a sí mismo y que alcanza en el bien el sentido de su proyección personal, esto es, la perfección. Dar a cada uno lo suyo es dar al sujeto el reconocimiento de este fundamento ontológico.

A vítima como figura contemporânea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cynthia Sarti

Full Text Available Pensando sobre o sofrimento associado à violência, este texto busca levantar questões sobre a construção social e histórica da vítima e a extensão que essa figura adquire na sociedade contemporânea como legitimação moral de demandas sociais. A construção da vítima é pensada como forma de conferir reconhecimento social ao sofrimento, circunscrevendo-o e dando-lhe inteligibilidade. O campo da saúde mental ocupa um lugar importante nesse processo, através da delimitação, pela Psiquiatria, do Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT como referência para o tratamento de vítimas de violência, constituindo um foco privilegiado para essa reflexão. Trata-se de localizar a figura da vítima na lógica social que a engendra, indagando sobre a gramática dos conflitos que fundamentam sua construção e, assim, problematizar os usos que a noção de vítima enseja para legitimar ações sociais e políticas.

A estética como factor promotor da aprendizagem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fátima Maria BEZERRA BARBOSA

2012-02-01

Full Text Available La reflexión filosófica sobre el arte, lo hermoso, lo bueno, lo verdadero y su capacidad de promover el desarrollo humano es un tema que remonta a Platón en la cultura occidental. Considerando que la educación debe ser entendida como un fenómeno integral, que abarca no sólo las dimensiones intelectuales sino también las dimensiones sensibles, la intuición y el raciocinio, las capacidades imaginativas y creativas, el «saber ser» y el «saber estar» parejas del «conocer» y del «saber hacer», pensamos que es incuestionable la importancia de la estética en el fenómeno educativo. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar la importancia de la educación estética como motor fundamental de desarrollo humano y, en este sentido, como catalizador de la motivación y del aprendizaje, para que, a través de la imaginación y de la creatividad, sea posible la innovación en la construcción de vías alternativas para un mundo más humano y placentero.

La organización matricial como la estructura de una facultad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Gerardo Astaiza A.

1983-05-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan los posibles diseños basados en la organización matricial, haciendo notar los beneficios si se adoptan como la estructura organizacional de una facultad. En particular, se espera que este sea un documento de trabajo, de iniciarse un proceso de reestructuración de una facultad como la de Ingeniería.

LEITURA DA CRIAÇÃO: OS MANUSCRITOS LITERÁRIOS COMO UM SISTEMA COMPLEXO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Romanelli

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo apresento o paradigma emergente da ciência contemporânea e a noção de sistema, mostrando como tais princípios podem ser aplicados à analise de textos e manuscritos literários. Desejo indagar como os métodos da assim chamada ciência da complexidade podem ser aplicados aos estudos do processo de criação literária. Considero a escrita como um sistema complexo, que se caracteriza por três pressupostos: da complexidade, da instabilidade e da intersubjetividade. Desejo ainda demonstrar como o pensamento sistêmico aplicado ao estudo dos manuscritos literários, não somente permite localizar, estudar e processar as leis e recorrências que regem tais processos, mas, sobretudo, ajuda a destacar o papel dos criadores.

El estatuto del juicio como función de atenencia

OpenAIRE

Haya-Segovia, F. (Fernando)

2014-01-01

El estatuto kantiano del juicio, descrito como función de atenencia, establece un ejercicio disminuido de la afirmación, en correspondencia con el predominio del pensamiento negativo, cuya raíz metódica es de orden modal. El aseguramiento de la objetividad del fenómeno a través del juicio supone la devaluación tanto del estatuto del entendimiento como del rango del objeto intelectual abstracto. The statute of kantian judgment described as “matter falls function” establishes a decreas...

CONTRADICCIONES Y POSIBILIDADES DEL LIBERALISMO UTILITARISTAS COMO IDEOLOGÍA MODERNA

OpenAIRE

López Rivera, Jorge Andrés

2010-01-01

El liberalismo utilitarista como ideología moderna surge bajo la pretensión de establecer criterios objetivos de moralidad secular. La máxima felicidad se plantea como principio rector de la acción. Sin embargo, su expresión y aplicación difiere dentro de las distintas versiones del liberalismo utilitarista. Así, en este texto el autor pretende exponer cómo diferentes planteamientos de la epistemología que procura fundamentar principios morales objetivos y, consecuentemente, interpretar las r...

La ética periodística como ética aplicada

OpenAIRE

Chillón Lorenzo, José Manuel

2011-01-01

La consolidación de la ética periodística como saber es una tarea todavía en ciernes. Para poseer una entidad intelectual suficiente, lo específico del periodismo informativo, esto es, tanto sus conceptos como su praxis, tendrá que encontrarse con las ref The constitution of journalistic ethics since knowing with a solid intellectual entity is a task still in the making. The specific of informative journalism (theory and practice) has to connect with the properly philosophical moral reflec...

Fatores dentais como risco para o desenvolvimento de carcinoma epidermóide de boca

OpenAIRE

Abdo, Evandro Neves; Pordeus, Isabela Almeida; Gomez, Ricardo Santiago; Mesquita, Ricardo Alves

2016-01-01

Os autores apresentam uma revisão da literatura sobre a participação dos fatores dentais como risco para o desenvolvimento do carcinoma epidermóide de boca (CEB). O uso de próteses removíveis não tem sido correlacionado como risco. A participação de bordas irritantes de dentes e próteses removíveis não foicomprovada na literatura. Embora a má higiene bucal seja considerada como risco, a literatura considera como pouco expressiva em relação ao uso do fumo e álcool. Novos estudos são necessário...

Determination of vibration amplitudes and neutron-mechanical scale factors in the PWR nuclear power plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kostic, Lj.; Heidemann, P.; Runkel, J.

1997-01-01

Displacements of vibrating reactor components which can not be measured by other means during normal reactor operation can be determined through the scale factors from the neutron spectra of signals measured by the standard in-core neutron instrumentation. Neutron-mechanical scale factors are determined for the vibrations of fuel assemblies and reactor pressure vessel/core barrel system using the signals of in-core neutron detectors and accelerometers. (author)

Reactivity follow of the two first loadings of the Jose Cabrera Reactor; Seguimiento de la ractividad durante las dos primeras cargas del Reactor de la Central Nuclear Jose Cabrera

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bru, A

1975-07-01

In this paper the first two cores together with the in-core measurements taken during the operation of the Nuclear Power Station Jose Cabrera are described. The results of this measurements have been processed with the INCORE and FOLLOW codes. The peaking factors and the boron concentration versus burn-up are displayed. The final burn-up of the fuel elements in these two loading are given, too. (Author)

Reactivity follow of the two first loadings of the Jose Cabrera Reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bru, A.

1975-01-01

In this paper the first two cores together with the in-core measurements taken during the operation of the Nuclear Power Station Jose Cabrera are described. The results of this measurements have been processed with the INCORE and FOLLOW codes. The peaking factors and the boron concentration versus burn-up are displayed. The final burn-up of the fuel elements in these two loading are given, too. (Author)

Adapting the deep burn in-core fuel management strategy for the gas turbine - modular helium reactor to a uranium-thorium fuel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Talamo, Alberto [Department of Nuclear and Reactor Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, S-10691, Stockholm (Sweden)]. E-mail: alby@neutron.kth.se; Gudowski, Waclaw [Department of Nuclear and Reactor Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, S-10691, Stockholm (Sweden)

2005-11-15

evolution, reaction rates, neutron flux and spectrum at the equilibrium of the fuel composition, highlights the features of a deep burn in-core fuel management strategy for a uranium-thorium fuel.

LA BIOÉTICA COMO QUEHACER FILOSÓFICO A BIOÉTICA COMO UM QUEFAZER FILOSÓFICO BIOETHICS AS A PHILOSOPHICAL TASK

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge José Ferrer

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo examina el estatuto epistemológico de la bioética como disciplina académica. El autor sostiene que el estatuto epistemológico de un discurso lo determina la pregunta fundamental que se plantea y la respuesta que se busca, focos integradores del discurso. En el caso de la bioética, la pregunta fundamental es de índole moral. La bioética es pues una disciplina ética que tiene su hogar epistemológico en la filosofía. El autor también defiende el concepto de "éticas aplicadas". Sugiere finalmente que el método de la bioética, sobre todo la que se hace desde nuestras latitudes, debería adoptar el círculo hermenéutico como metodología para su filosofar.O artigo examina o estatuto espistemológico da bioética como disciplina acadëmica. O autor defende que o estatuto espistemológico de um discurso é determinado pela pergunta fundamental que se faz e a resposta que se busca, focos integradores do discurso. No caso da bioética, a pergunta fundamental é de índole moral. A bioética é uma disciplina ética que encontra seu lugar epistemológico na filosofia. O autor também defende o conceito de "éticas aplicadas". O autor sugere finalmente que o método da bioética, sobretudo a que se faz a partir de nossas terras, deveria adotar o círculo hermenëutico como metodologia para seu filosofar.This article examines the epistemological statute of bioethics as an academic discipline. The author claims that the epistemological statute of a dialogue determines the fundamental question that is raised and the answer that is sought, essential points of discourse. In the case of bioethics, the fundamental question is of a moral nature. Therefore, bioethics is an ethical discipline that has its epistemological roots in philosophy. The author also defends the concept of applied ethics. Finally, he suggests that bioethical methods, above all especially what is realized in our latitudes, should adopt the Hermeneutic Circle as the

La concepción unamuniana de asignatura como ciencia viva

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emanuel José Maroco-dos-Santos

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Para Unamuno, que concibe al catedrático como un “fraguador de doctrinas”, la asignatura universitaria, ubicada en las antípodas de su concepción en la enseñanza secundaria, debería ser una expresión de una “ciencia viva” o in fieri, y no un repositorio de conocimientos. Con dicha toma de posición, el rector salmantino terminó por oponerse a la ciencia oficial y al dogma científico a favor de una enseñanza de procedimientos. El presente trabajo procura recuperar dicha concepción de asignatura, intentando desvelarla en sus varias dimensiones con vistas a aportar al espacio de la reflexión pedagógica contemporánea las sui generis ideas educativas unamunianas que, por su densidad y sentido, permiten enfocar la asignatura académica no como un espacio de mera instrucción, sino como un momento de investigación de “hipótesis y utopías”. La gran propuesta unamuniana es, pues, la de que docente y estudiante pierdan sus características clásicas, que les definen como un “templo del saber” y un “botijo vacío”, respectivamente, a favor de una concepción más adaptada a los nuevos tiempos académicos, en que el perenne desarrollo científico y cultural hace obsoletos los contenidos asimilados ayer.

LAS REDES SOCIALES COMO INSTRUMENTO DE MEDIACIÓN PEDAGÓGICA: ALCANCES Y LIMITACIONES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Steven Abarca Araya

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El presente ensayo surgió de una revisión bibliográfica que permitió conocer los alcances y las limitaciones de utilizar la Internet y las redes sociales como instrumento de mediación pedagógica. La Internet y las redes sociales han pasado a ocupar un espacio preponderante en la sociedad actual, utilizándose para promover bienes, servicios, entretenimiento y, en algunos casos, como instrumento de mediación pedagógica. Como resultado de la revisión realizada se pudo constatar que la utilización de las redes sociales como instrumento de mediación pedagógica ha permitido identificar sus bondades como mayor cobertura, asincronía en la mediación, aprendizaje colaborativo, aprendizaje autónomo, entre otros. Sin embargo, en contraste con las bondades que presenta, también tiene sus limitación es como la falta de pericia de docentes y estudiantes en el uso de la tecnología, el acceso, mayor inversión de tiempo en la mediación pedagógica, la renuencia de algunas personas al uso de la tecnología, la dificultad para controlar si es realmente el estudiante quien participa en las actividades pedagógicas, entre otros. Se concluye que todavía es muy apresurado hacer conjeturas acerca del futuro que le espera al uso de las redes sociales como instrumento de mediación pedagógica, pues algunos de estos alcances y limitaciones irán desapareciendo conforme vayamos adquiriendo mayor experiencia en su utilización, y su presencia sea cotidiana en nuestro sistema educativo, mientras que otros se seguirán manteniendo o, incluso, se pueden incrementar, por lo que debe analizarse su uso a la luz del contexto y la realidad de cada institución educativa.

La gestión de documentos como estrategia de innovación empresarial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arcángel Eduardo Sánchez

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Se analiza la gestión de documentos como un proceso que permite apoyar y generar diferentes tipos de innovaciones en el sector empresarial. Para los efectos metodológicos, se fundamenta una investigación descriptiva documental, lo cual permite exponer de forma sucinta la génesis, definición, beneficios, y procesos de normalización de documentos. Se prevé que para favorecer la generación de innovaciones se requiere maximizar el valor de componentes como la información y el conocimiento, en conjunto con el recurso humano comprometido y el efectivo uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación. Como aspectos estratégicos, se afianza la gestión de conocimientos, como un factor necesario de insertar en la estrategia empresarial, responsable del control eficiente y sistemático desde la creación, recepción, mantenimiento, uso y eliminación de los documentos. Se recomienda hacer efectivo la operatividad de técnicas que permitan la captura y gestión de la información relacionada con las actividades y transacciones en forma de documentos ISO(2001, así como también establecer lineamientos y políticas que inciden directamente desde la producción del documento y su uso como recurso informativo, hasta la aplicación de sistemas tecnológicos que inciden en los tiempos para la recuperación de información, y a su vez se logre nuevas formas de trabajo en la gestión del recurso humano, lo cual ha de redundar, tanto en la organización como en la correcta operatividad de técnicas para la conservación de documentos de utilidad para esta.

El último lector de David Toscana o la lectura como revelación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ada Aurora Sánchez Peña

2011-01-01

Full Text Available La ectura, vista como proceso o como producto, no es sino un entrecruce de subjetividades, un ir hacia el otro y lo otro. Como desplazamiento, encuentro y revelación, la lectura es la única vía a través de la cual el texto emerge más allá de su materialidad. Ya lo dijo Wolfgang Iser: “un texto sólo despierta a la vida cuando es leído” (Iser, 1993: 99-100. Desde la metaliteratura, los dobleces y complejidades del acto de leer han sido motivo de reflexión y exploración, aunque probablemente menos que los vinculados particularmente a los problemas de la escritura literaria. Desde la posición de autorreferencialidad, el lenguaje artístico observa el universo extraordinario que se despliega en la producción y recepción del mensaje literario. En este texto se busca examinar la lectura como eje temático de la novela El último lector (Anagrama, 2004a,1 del escritor regiomontano David Toscana (1961. Asomarse a la propuesta metaliteraria de uno de los exponentes más distinguidos de la narrativa mexicana actual permite un acercamiento a diversas cuestiones asociadas al acto de leer, por ejemplo, el placer estético, los tipos de lectores, la novela como género literario, el paso de la realidad a la ficción, la impostación, así como la relación entre vida y literatura, por señalar algunos. Sobre todo, se está al alcance de una visión de mundo fincada en cierta medida en la asunción de la lectura como descubrimiento y revelación.

Teores naturais de bário em solos de referência do estado de Pernambuco

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Caroline Miranda Biondi

2011-10-01

Full Text Available O bário (Ba é um metal alcalino terroso de ocorrência natural no solo. É constituinte de carbonatos, sulfatos e silicatos e ocorre como substituto isomórfico de elementos como Ca e K nos minerais. Quando disponível em elevados teores no solo, o Ba pode causar toxidez a diversos organismos vivos. Para considerar que determinado solo está livre de contaminação por esse elemento, faz-se necessário conhecer os teores de Ba nesse solo em condição natural. Portanto, a determinação de teores naturais de Ba em solos é essencial para a construção de uma legislação que sirva de base ao monitoramento e remediação de áreas contaminadas por esse elemento e que seja adequada à realidade pedológica local. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar os teores naturais de Ba como base de referência de qualidade para os Solos de Referência do Estado de Pernambuco. Foram coletadas amostras dos dois primeiros horizontes dos 35 perfis de referência, as quais foram submetidas à digestão ácida em micro-ondas (método 3051A. Nos extratos obtidos foi efetuada a determinação dos teores de Ba por ICP-OES. Observaram-se teores de Ba superiores aos valores de prevenção e de investigação estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira (CONAMA, 2009, corroborando a necessidade de maior conhecimento das diversidades regionais para a elaboração de normas nacionais. Os teores naturais de Ba determinados nos solos podem ser utilizados como base para a definição dos valores de referência de qualidade para Ba nos solos de Pernambuco, de acordo com o preconizado pela legislação nacional.

Proteínas da soja processadas de diferentes modos em dietas para desmame de leitões

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bertol Teresinha Marisa

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado um experimento para avaliar a substituição parcial do farelo de soja (FS por outros subprodutos da soja obtidos por intermédio de diferentes tipos de processamento, bem como comparar estes subprodutos entre si, como fonte protéica na dieta de leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. Com este objetivo foram comparados quatro tratamentos: T1 - dieta controle, com FS como única fonte protéica; T2, T3 e T4 -- 50% do FS da dieta controle foi substituído por soja integral extrusada (SIE, proteína texturizada de soja (PTS e proteína concentrada de soja (PCS, respectivamente. As dietas foram isocalóricas, isolisínicas, contendo o mesmo nível de produtos lácteos e fornecidas do dia do desmame até 14 dias após. A substituição parcial do FS por qualquer um dos subprodutos avaliados melhorou o ganho de peso diário (GPD, o consumo diário de ração (CRD e a conversão alimentar (CA no período de fornecimento das dietas. No período total da creche, a substituição parcial do FS proporcionou melhoria no GPD e CRD, mas a CA não foi afetada. A incidência de diarréia e a morfologia da mucosa intestinal não foram influenciadas pelos diferentes subprodutos da soja. A substituição de 50% do FS da dieta de desmame pela SIE, PTS ou PCS proporcionou melhor desempenho, com ganhos adicionais de 1 a 2 kg a mais por leitão no final da fase de creche. A SIE, PTS e PCS não apresentam diferenças entre si como substitutos parciais do FS na dieta de leitões desmamados com 21 dias de idade.

RESÍDUOS COMPOSTADOS COMO SUBSTRATO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE PETUNIA X HYBRIDA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cesar Augusto Zanello

2016-09-01

Full Text Available A transformação de resíduo em tecnologia deve ser uma prioridade atual no setor agrícola, diminuindo o descarte inadequado e recuperando parte daquilo que é produzido e que pode retornar como nutriente as plantas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo buscar uma solução viável de uso de resíduos vegetais como a poda de grama, o bagaço de cana e o esterco bovino como substrato para o cultivo de plantas. Os resíduos utilizados foram compostados, e utilizados como substratos para a produção de petúnia, uma espécie ornamental. Como controle foram utilizados substratos comerciais a base de pó de coco (PC e de casca de pinus (CP. Após as mudas atingirem o ponto de transplantio, essas foram transplantadas para vasos plásticos com o mesmo substrato utilizado na produção da muda, mantendo os tratamentos. Os melhores substratos obtidos para o cultivo de petúnias em vasos foram o PG e CP, considerando ambos os aspectos dos desenvolvimentos vegetativo e reprodutivo. Esses resultados mostram o alto potencial de uso da poda de grama como substrato para a horticultura, sendo uma alternativa principalmente em sistemas sustentáveis de produção, por não necessitarem de fertilização complementar durante o cultivo.

La música como herramienta facilitadora del aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera

OpenAIRE

Carmen María TOSCANO FUENTES; María Carmen FONSECA MORA

2013-01-01

Numerosas investigaciones aseguran que la inclusión de canciones y/o de elementos sonoro-musicales en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras (LE) aporta beneficios en el proceso de aprendizaje a niveles lingüísticos, afectivos y sociolingüísticos. El objetivo central de este estudio fue el de mostrar los resultados de un programa sonoro-musical puesto en práctica en la enseñanza de inglés como le con escolares españoles de sexto de primaria. Primeramente, se estudió cuantitativamente si el alumn...

Desarrollo del hueso timpánico como estimador de edad

OpenAIRE

García Mancuso, Rocío; Desántolo, Bárbara; Plischuk, Marcos; Prat, Guillermo Daniel; Inda, Ana María

2013-01-01

Este trabajo se propone evaluar el desarrollo del hueso temporal como estimador de edad en el período perinatal. El hueso temporal es un complejo de osificación intramembranosa y endocondral que forma parte del neurocráneo y en edades tempranas se encuentra separado distinguiéndose tres partes: porción escamosa, porción petromastoiea y anillo timpánico. El desarrollo del hueso timpánico fue propuesto como estimador de edad dado que presenta una serie de modificaciones que lo caracterizan....

Modelo para sistemas da qualidade como base da estrategia competitiva

OpenAIRE

Marco Antonio Silveira

1999-01-01

Resumo: Vários autores propõem a empresa como um sistema em transformação, sendo que esse enfoque sistêmico parece oferecer um meio efetivo de prover as capacidades estratégicas que são valorizadas pelos mercados atuais. Por outro lado, vem crescendo a consciência para o enfoque da qualidade como base da estratégia competitiva, onde esta é associada à lucratividade e incluída no processo de planejamento estratégico, tornando-se um instrumento eficaz de concorrência que, para fazer frente à di...

“Import / export”: aproximación crítica a los discursos sobre el español como recurso económico en el campo del español como lengua extranjera (ELE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruzos Moro, Alberto

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Este artículo analiza y contrasta los discursos institucionales y mediáticos sobre el español como recurso económico y los discursos de docentes de español como lengua extranjera (ELE publicados en blogs, páginas web y tableros de discusión. Mientras que los primeros arrojan una impresión optimista del ELE como recurso turístico y oportunidad laboral, en los segundos queda manifiesto el malestar de muchos profesionales que ven el ELE como un sector en crisis (Tolosa Montesinos & Yagüe Barredo, 2012 y en el que predomina la precariedad y el intrusismo. Mediante la yuxtaposición de estos dos tipos de discurso, planteamos algunas cuestiones centrales en la constitución del ELE como campo: ¿Cuáles son los agentes y los medios que promocionan una visión económica del español y del ELE? ¿A qué intereses responde la promoción del ELE como recurso? ¿Cómo se articula y concibe la industria del ELE en el contexto de la globalización y la comercialización del lenguaje? ¿Qué rol se le asigna al profesorado de ELE en este modelo? ¿Cómo ven los docentes su situación e identidad profesional? ¿Qué posición adoptan hacia el discurso del ELE como recurso económico?

La acción social empresarial como componente de la responsabilidad social corporativa

OpenAIRE

Martínez Martínez, Inmaculada J.; Gil Gil, Alfonso

2004-01-01

Si bien es verdad que términos como Marketing con Causa, Marketing Social Corporativo o Solidaridad Empresarial son más conocidos en la última década, no cabe duda de que hoy se impone la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) como un concepto mucho más amplio y de plena actualidad en el management empresarial. Todo ello deviene de la importancia que los ciudadanos conceden a las empresas socialmente responsables entendidas de manera intuitiva como aquéllas que, además de ser entidade...

La Persona como Eje Fundamental del Paradigma Humanista

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monserrat Georgina Aizpuru Cruces

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Para el desarrollo de una educación humanista es necesario centrar el paradigma pedagógico en la persona y que ésta sea concebida de una manera integral, como una totalidad. En este paradigma se desenvuelven aprendizajes significativos vivenciales, partiendo de la experiencia misma del educando, utilizando métodos activos de aprendizaje y conceptualizando a la educación como una experiencia creadora. Así mismo, es indispensable que existan programas flexibles, multi y transdisciplinarios. Por otra parte, la autoevaluación es un proceso reflexivo permanente que puede trasladarse a todos los aspectos de su vida y no sólo quedarse en el aula. Por último, los valores más importantes que promueve el modelo son el respeto, la tolerancia, la libertad, todos ellos básicos para la convivencia humana.

Mídia, Identidade Cultural Nordestina: festa junina como expressão

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valdir Jose Morigi

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Trata-se de um estudo sobre o evento turístico o Maior São João do Mundo, realizado em Campina Grande, na Paraíba. Tomou-se como material de análise as diferentes narrativas sobre a festa junina (organizadores, barraqueiros, participantes, mídia, entre outros. A partir delas procurou-se mostrar quais os elementos que compõem o imaginário da festa e como são realizadas as mediações e as construções da teia significativa que enreda o discurso sobre a identidade regional e a cultura nordestina. A festa de São João é fruto do hibridismo cultural. Nas diferentes narrativas, a festa junina aparece como a síntese das mediações dos sentidos, expressando a identidade cultural nordestina.

Enteógenos e Inteligência Existencial: Plantas Mestres como Instrumentos Cognitivos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kenneth Tupper

2012-09-01

Full Text Available DOI: 10.12957/periferia.2011.3946 A partir de recentes mudanças nas legislações em relação às drogasem diferentes países, investiguei o potencial dos enteógenos (i.e.,plantas psicoativas usadas como sacramentos espirituais comoinstrumentos para favorecer a inteligência existencial. PlantasMestres das Américas como a ayahuasca, os cogumelos depsilocibina, o peiote e o soma indo-ariano da Eurásia, são alguns dosexemplos de enteógenos que foram e continuam a ser utilizados, nopassado e no presente. Todas estas plantas foram reverenciadas porpessoas e culturas diferentes como instrumentos cognitivos quepromovem um mais rico entendimento cosmológico do mundo. Utilizoa teoria das múltiplas inteligências revisada por Gardner (1999 e suaformulação de uma inteligência “existencial” como uma lente teóricaatravés da qual se deve considerar as possibilidades cognitivas dosenteógenos e explorar potenciais caminhos na Educação.

El papel del desarrollo financiero como fuente del crecimiento económico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Luis Hernández Mota

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Recientemente ha resurgido el debate por el papel del sistema financiero en el crecimiento económico; sin embargo, en la mayor parte de la literatura se tiene como finalidad medir el impacto del primero sobre el segundo, a través de relaciones econométricas. Por ello, el presente trabajo contribuye a la literatura retomando el análisis del modelo canónico de crecimiento económico, donde se introduce la variable financiera como factor que puede provocar una influencia permanente sobre la tasa de crecimiento económico por medio de su grado de complementariedad con la acumulación de capital y la productividad, y no únicamente como un factor explicativo de ella. Así, se manifiesta la importancia de los efectos reales que provoca el desarrollo del sistema financiero en los factores del crecimiento económico; ello, desde un marco macroeconómico aplicable tanto para las economías desarrolladas como para las emergentes.

El inquisidor como profesor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriano PROSPERI

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Giovanni Botero, en una célebre página de su Ragion di stato, se detuvo sobre el tema de la fuerza de la religión en los gobiernos. Esta función de la religión cristiana —para Botero, católica— es garante del orden público y se presenta también como opuesta a la generadora de desorden de Lutero y Calvino, quienes siembran por todo cizañas y revoluciones de estados y ruinas de los reinos. Estamos en los orígenes del esquema historiografía de la periodización de la Edad Moderna que confió precisamente a la Reforma el papel de nodriza de las revoluciones que nacieron en Europa.

Octadecanoides como reguladores de la defensa de las plantas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. Camarena Gutiérrez

2002-01-01

Full Text Available En años recientes muchas moléculas lipoides muy potentes han sido identificadas, comprenden compuestos lipofílicos no derivados de lípidos como los brasinoesteroides triterpenoides, otros que parcialmente son de origen lipídico como los lipo-oligosacáridos, factores de nodulación de especies de Rhizobium que pueden tener parientes endógenos en las plantas, y un tercer grupo, los octadecanoides, cuyas estructuras son derivadas de ácidos grasos vegetales. Las señales mediadas por lípidos son un aspecto importante de la vida de las plantas y un área de investigación en rápido crecimiento.

LA INTELIGENCIA COMO CAMPO DE ACCION DE LA PEDAGOGIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Servio Tulio Salazar Valencia

2000-05-01

Full Text Available Si la inteligencia se concibe como un conjunto de habilidades de pensamiento y de aprendizaje, utilizados para solucionar problemas tanto académicos como de la cotidianidad, constituye ésta un centro de especial interés para quienes hemos asumido la delicada tarea de intentar formar, y si es posible, transformar las conductas de las juventudes estudiosas de nuestro país. En el presente ensayo se critican algunos comportamientos de los docentes que, esconociendo que la inteligencia "es una extensión de algunas características biológicas fundamentales del ser" (Piaget, pretenden poseer una metodología única e irrefutable en su labor pedagógica.

La radio como expresión libre del Aymara.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nestor Hugo Quiroga

2015-05-01

Full Text Available En el campo de los principios teóricos sobre las posibilidades educativas de la radio, es indispensable precisar algunos conceptos fundamentales como: una pedagogía de la expresión y de la comunicación; una pedagogía integral; y los sistemas abiertos de comunicación. La siguiente etapa, dentro de este análisis, es la aplicación de estos principios fundamentales a la tarea concreta de crear un sistema abierto que procese y genere intercomunicación (que, por tanto, eduque y autoeduque, en un ambiente definible como la vasta comunidad aymara, a través de un subsistema comunicador específico llamado radio.

Religião como solvente: uma aula

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antônio Flávio Pierucci

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Em oposição à visão de Durkheim, para quem a religião atua como religação dinamogênica do indivíduo com a sociedade a que pertence, este ensaio sustenta que hoje a força social da religião está na capacidade de dissolver antigas pertenças e linhagens religiosas estabelecidas. Com base na obra de Max Weber, argumenta-se que a religião universal de salvação individual, forma religiosa que tende a predominar sobre as demais, funciona como um dispositivo que desliga as pessoas do contexto cultural de origem.On the opposite direction of Durkheim, to whom the role of religion is to reconnect the individual with the society he belongs, this essay states that nowadays religion’s social power is quite the opposite: it separates people from its origins. Taking Max Weber’s work as a guideline, it supports that universal religion of individual salvation, the religious form that usually predominates, works as a device that disconnects people from their mother-culture.

El manual como texto Schoolbook as text

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agustín Escolano Benito

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo aborda la cuestión de la identidad del libro escolar como un género textual específico en el contexto de la manualística clásica y moderna, contextualizando los análisis en el marco de la cultura de la escuela tradicional y en la era de la revolución digital y bajo una perspectiva historiográfica y teórica. También plantea el nacimiento y primeros desarrollos de la manualística como campo intelectual y académico y sus contribuciones a la definición de la identidad del libro escolar.This paper discusses the question of identifying a coursebook as a specific text genre in the context of the classical and modern manualistics, situating the analysis within the traditional school culture and the digital revolution era, under a historical and theoretical perspective. It also covers the birth and initial development of manualistics as an intelectual and academic field and its contributions to the definition of the schoolbook identity.

Bloque de tierra comprimida como material constructivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Óscar Javier Gutiérrez Junco

2011-07-01

Full Text Available La construcción con tierra es poco usada en la actualidad debido a la falta de difusión e investigación, y a que es relacionada con la pobreza; por ende, se desaprovechan muchas de sus ventajas, como la abundancia demateria prima, la localización, la disponibilidad, el reciclaje, la producción sin consumo de energía (calorífica, el bajo costo y la resistencia –con un adecuado estudio del material tierra, de la estructuración y del suelo de fundación–; otras de sus ventajas son el aislamiento térmico y acústico. Con el paso del tiempo se han mejorado las técnicas constructivas con tierra, realizando estabilizaciones e implementando el uso de maquinaria y herramienta mecánica para elaborar bloques de tierra comprimida, y así facilitar el trabajo y obtener mayor rendimiento. Este artículo presenta la tierra como material constructivo, las técnicas o sistemas constructivos, los bloques de tierra comprimida (BTC y algunos ensayos realizados a estos bloques.

Plagio y traducción, o la traducción como plagio

OpenAIRE

Ruiz Casanova, José Francisco

2017-01-01

La relación entre el texto original y el texto traducido no se limita simplemente a la reciprocidad. En este artículo se estudian las relaciones textuales entre original y traducción, y entre traducciones, desde la perspectiva de la traducción como creación literaria y la traducción como copia.

COMO LLEGA EL MARKETING A LOS EMPRENDEDORES LATINO AMERICANOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jimmy Federico Telléz Figueroa

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Los tiempos de las ciencias puras, al parecer están en una encrucijada muy compleja. Partiendo por lo que en realidad entendemos hoy como ciencia pura. Desde los años cincuenta, cuando el Marketing nace al mundo científico, académico y practico como tal, esta ciencia en particular ha visto en su existencia la forzosa necesidad de transformarse no solo de forma sino de fondo, es decir, cambios en su forma de presentación hasta cambios conceptuales, que ya en los años setenta se tuvieron que redefinir, incluso poniendo en entredicho, si realmente el Marketing era una ciencia, o finalmente un arte, con sus planteamientos expuestos en una inevitable lectura de su zaga de Marketing Practico y Aplicado, que como todos sabemos se inicio en 1972 con la obra “El Posicionamiento” y que un par de años después revolucionaria la teoría científica de esta entre comillas ciencia, cuando aparece su postulado practico y aplicado con la obra “La Guerra de la Mercadotecnia”, perpetuando en los lectores de la época, la portada de su libro, con la imagen del tanque saliendo del maletín ejecutivo, sobre una mesa de reuniones.

La reflexión como eje central del desarrollo profesional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Josep Roma Millán

Full Text Available En estos últimos años aparece el nuevo concepto de desarrollo profesional que viene a sustituir el clásico de formación continuada. El desarrollo profesional la incluye y pretende además valorar el aprendizaje y la mejora conseguidos mediante el progreso en la toma de decisiones complejas durante el ejercicio y la práctica de la profesión. La reflexión se constituye como el núcleo de todas las actividades relacionadas con el desarrollo profesional y se constata la importancia de que la reflexión incorpore en su constructo los aspectos contextuales y sociales que forman parte de los problemas de salud. Se presenta el modelo de organizaciones que aprenden como ejemplo de empresas que saben aprovechar todos sus recursos y resultados para nutrir las actividades de reflexión de sus profesionales. Finalmente se comentan algunos ejemplos de actividades concretas que promueven la reflexión en el seno de dichas organizaciones, como es el caso del self-audit, el peer-review y el portafolio entre otras.

Poliglobulia como factor de riesgo en Hipertensión Arterial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Ximena Tapia Paguay

2017-05-01

la relación de Poliglobulia como factor de riesgo para hipertensión arterial en habitantes de ciudades de alturas superior a 2500msnm; Estudio descriptivo, transversal, no experimental. Incluye 980 personas de 20 años y más. Se tomó muestras de sangre para medir concentración de hemoglobina y hematocrito. La presión arterial se cuantificó tres veces por semana durante un mes (en horario específico a pacientes con poliglobulia, los resultados: 53,7% mujeres y 42,3% hombres, 12,2% tuvieron poliglobulia, de los cuales 60% fueron hombres mayores de 40 años. En presión arterial, 72 fueron hombres: 76,4% con prehipertensión, 23,6% estaban hipertensos. En mujeres con poliglobulia 66.7% fueron prehipertensas 33.3% tenían hipertensión, como conclusión: El incremento de hematocrito ocasiona disminución del flujo sanguíneo, favorece la resistencia arterial y aumenta las cifras tensionales. Se recomienda evaluar en los pacientes hipertensos la presencia de poliglobulia como factor de riesgo.

El desarrollo de la marcha infantil como proceso de aprendizaje

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia Martín Casas

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El desarrollo de la marcha infantil es un proceso especialmente complejo en que el intervienen factores motores, perceptivos y cognitivos. Desde el nacimiento, el niño integra la información recibida y realiza un progresivo control cortical sobre los patrones neuromotores innatos para desarrollar diferentes formas de locomoción hasta la marcha independiente. Estas ideas no son novedosas pero se están revisando en la actualidad y han motivado numerosos cambios en el estudio del desarrollo infantil. La consideración de la adquisición de la marcha como un aprendizaje en situaciones de constante cambio permite comprender la marcha como acción, cuya realización implica la adquisición de nuevas capacidades de interacción y conocimientos. En este trabajo se exponen los principales conocimientos acerca de este proceso de aprendizaje y se propone destacar las alteraciones de la marcha como indicadores de dificultades en el desarrollo, que requieren una valoración y un abordaje terapéutico interdisciplinares.

El Investigador Como Instrumento Flexible de la Indagación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen de la Cuesta Benjumea

2003-12-01

Full Text Available La reflexividad convierte al investigador en actor de su estudio e instrumento de la indagación con que construye el diseño, como producto de las decisiones que toma. Esto se mostrará con una investigación sobre el cuidado familiar de pacientes con demencia avanzada. En la construcción de la pregunta me presento como sujeto situado (Rosaldo, 1991 y en el desarrollo del estudio como parte del mundo social (Hammersley y Atkinson, 1995; aquí doy cuenta de las oportunidades, ajustes y dificultades que lo moldearon. Con ello pretendo ilustrar el carácter emergente de un estudio, y en concreto resaltar que el investigador lo construya a través de múltiples y superpuestos procesos sociales. Los investigadores cualitativos reconocen su presencia, tratan de comprenderla y explicar sus efectos (Rossman y Rallis, 1998. La reflexividad contribuye a la validez y desde el punto de vista del interaccionismo simbólico, el proceso reflexivo dota al investigador de un self indagador.

Saber, manipulación y poder. La universidad como institución social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Napoleón Murcia Peña

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El texto es una reflexión sobre la universidad como institución social, realizada a partir de varios estudios desarrollados en los cuales se evidencia el interés de algunas estancias por convertirla en un escenario de manipulación y control, lo que la reduce a la racionalidad de los organismos funcionales, frente a la dinámica propia que la universidad instaura como institución social, cuya base se moviliza desde las significaciones imaginarias sociales. En este proceso, se muestra desde la lógica de la teoría de los imaginarios sociales la forma como la universidad se configura e institucionaliza en una tensión constante, entre el saber y el control, entre la función y la institución, y se dan las bases que la definen y posicionan como institución imaginaria social.