WorldWideScience

Sample records for ilex paraguariensis mediante

  1. Evaluación del germoplasma de Ilex paraguariensis e Ilex dumosa (Aquifoliaceae Ilex paraguariensis and Ilex dumosa (Aquifoliaceae germplasm evaluation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexandra Marina Gottlieb

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Ilex paraguariensis e I. dumosa constituyen dos especies de gran relevancia económica para nuestro país. Estas comparten muchas características de su biología, aunque se diferencian en composición fitoquímica y resistencia a factores bióticos y abióticos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la estructura de la diversidad genética de plantas mantenidas en el Banco de Germoplasma de Yerba Mate y Té de la Estación Experimental del INTA en Cerro Azul (Misiones y de materiales comerciales de yerba mate, mediante el re-análisis de datos AFLP, así como caracterizar las secuencias nucleotídicas de bandas potencialmente diagnósticas de especie. En I. dumosa se detectó, respecto de I. paraguariensis, un nivel de variación molecular dos veces mayor, aunque una menor proporción de bandas privadas. Las secuencias caracterizadas con herramientas bioinformáticas resultan ser nuevas regiones genómicas descriptas para Ilex. Los resultados indican que los materiales estudiados de I. dumosa constituyen un reservorio de variabilidad genética apropiado para el fitomejoramiento de materiales de yerba mate potencialmente comerciales. Asimismo, nuestros resultados apoyan la renovación de estrategias de conservación tendientes a ampliar el acervo genético almacenado, particularmente de yerba mate.Ilex paraguariensis and I. dumosa are species with great economic relevance in Argentina. Both species share several features of their biology, though they differ in phytochemical composition and in their resistance to biotic and abiotic factors. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the structure of the genetic diversity of the plants kept at the Germplasm Bank of Yerba Mate (EEINTACA and also of commercial materials of yerba mate, through a re-analysis of AFLP data and a characterization of the nucleotide sequences of selected AFLP bands. For I. dumosa we have detected a molecular variation level two times higher than the value obtained

  2. Methylxanthines accumulation in Ilex species - caffeine and theobromine in erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis and other Ilex species

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reginatto F.H.

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil. is an important crop used commonly at the meridional South America as a source of a stimulant beverage, called maté, prepared by infusion of its processed leaves and twigs. We describe herein the methylxanthines analyses in the leaves of I. paraguariensis and other Ilex species reported as maté adulterants. The methylxanthines content determined by HPLC were 0.65% for caffeine and 0.12% for theobromine from I. paraguariensis var. paraguariensis, and 0.003% for caffeine and 0.22% (estimated for theobromine from I. paraguariensis var. vestita. It was not detected any methylxanthines from I. brevicuspis, I. dumosa and I. microdonta. Considering the results, simultaneous caffeine and theobromine accumulation seems hitherto to be a particular characteristic of I. paraguariensis. In addition to taxonomical significance, these data suggest that it should be possible to trace adulterations of the genuine I. paraguariensis using the methodology described herein.

  3. Analysis of volatile compounds of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. - Hil. and its main adulterating species Ilex theizans Mart. ex Reissek and Ilex dumosa Reissek Análise de compostos voláteis de Ilex paraguariensis A. St. - Hil. e suas principais espécies adulterantes Ilex theizans Mart. ex Reissek e Ilex dumosa Reissek

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Marcos Dallago

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available The adulteration of the product Ilex paraguariensis with other Ilex species is a mAjor problem for maté tea producers. In this work, three species of Ilex were evaluated for their volatile composition by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrum detector (HS-SPME/GC-MS. The adulterating species I. dumnosa and I. theizans Mart. ex Reissek presented a different profile of volatile organic compounds when compared to I. paraguariensis. Aldehydes methyl-butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal and nonanal were detected only in the adulterating species. This result suggests that such compounds are potential chemical markers for identification of adulteration and quality analysis of products based on Ilex paraguariensis.A adulteração do produto Ilex paraguariensis com outras espécies de Ilex é um dos principais problemas dos produtores de erva-mate. Neste trabalho, três espécies de Ilex foram avaliadas quanto à sua composição volátil por microextração em fase sólida acoplada à cromatografia gasosa e detector de espectro de massas (HS-SPME/GC-MS. As espécies adulterantes I. dumnosa e I. theizans Mart. ex Reissek apresentaram um perfil diferente de compostos orgânicos voláteis, quando comparadas com a I. paraguariensis. Os aldeídos metil-butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal e nonanal foram detectados apenas nas espécies adulterantes. Esse resultado sugere que esses compostos químicos são marcadores potenciais para a identificação de adulteração e análise da qualidade dos produtos à base de Ilex paraguariensis.

  4. Nutritional and phytochemical study of Ilex paraguariensis fruits

    OpenAIRE

    Cogoi, Laura Carolina; Giacomino, M. Silvia; Pellegrino, Nestor; Anesini, Claudia Alejandra; Filip, Rosana

    2017-01-01

    Yerba mate is defined as the product constituted by the dried, slightly roasted, and milled leaves of Ilex paraguariensis. However, the fruits of this species are often found in the commercial product. Nowadays the fruits are considered a byproduct. The objective of this work was to obtain the preliminary data of minerals, lipids, methylxanthines and polyphenols in the ripe fruits of I. paraguariensis. The results showed a considerable amount of total dietary fiber ( g/100 g) and nutritionall...

  5. Ilex paraguariensis Promotes Orofacial Pain Relief After Formalin Injection: Involvement of Noradrenergic Pathway.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Carvalho, Eudislaine Fonseca; de Oliveira, Simone Kobe; Nardi, Viviane Koepp; Gelinski, Tathiana Carla; Bortoluzzi, Marcelo Carlos; Maraschin, Marcelo; Nardi, Geisson Marcos

    2016-03-01

    Drinking mate or chimarrão, a hot infusion of Ilex paraguariensis (ILEX) leaves, is a common habit in Southern South America that has a social and almost ritualistic role. It has been used as a stimulant beverage in South America and analgesic in regions of Argentina for treatment of headache and others painful inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and rheumatism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological activity of I. paraguariensis infusion (ILEX) on orofacial nociception model induced by formalin, and study its mechanism of action. The analgesic effect of ILEX was assessed through writhing test, paw formalin test, paw edema induced by carrageenan, and orofacial pain induced by formalin. To study the action mechanism of ILEX, opioidergic, dopaminergic, nitrergic, and adrenergic pathways were investigated. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of ILEX infusion revealed caffeine and theobromine. The treatment with ILEX reduced the number of writhing. However, it was effective neither in the formalin paw test nor in the paw edema induced by carrageenan. Different from formalin paw test, ILEX was able to reduce the orofacial reactivity to formalin in 31.8% (70.4 ± 2.5 s; first phase), and 20% (127.3 ± 18.9 s; second phase). The analgesic effect of ILEX results from the modulation of noradrenergic pathways since prazosin (α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, 0.15 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) reversed the analgesic effect of ILEX. The present report demonstrates that analgesic effect of ILEX in orofacial formalin test is due mainly to modulation of noradrenergic pathways. Ilex paraguariensis (ILEX) has been used as a stimulant beverage in South America and analgesic in regions of Argentina for the treatment of headache and others painful inflammatory conditions such arthritis and rheumatism.The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological activity of ILEX on orofacial nociception model induced by formalin, and study its mechanism of

  6. BIOMASS AND ACCUMULATION OF NUTRIENTS IN Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Braulio Otomar Caron

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509814565They are still few the information on the influence of the brightness in the production of biomass as well as in the concentration of some nutritious in leaves of Ilex paraguariensis. This work aimed to evaluate the production of dry matter of the aerial part of the Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (branches and leaves and the concentration of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and iron in leaves produced in two systems of cultivations, intercropping with Pinus elliottii Engel. and single, along the seasons in the municipality of FredericoWestphalen, Rio Grande do Sul state. The results showed that the production of biomass of the Ilex paraguariensis (leaves + branches is larger in the single cultivation when compared to the intercropping. However, when comparing the two cropping systems with respect to phosphorus, but especially calcium and magnesium, there was a small variation for different periods of the year, which indicates a more constant metabolic activity of the plant yerba mate in a more shaded condition, which makes it an important factor in the final quality of the product.

  7. HPLC method to assay total saponins in Ilex paraguariensis aqueous extract

    OpenAIRE

    Gnoatto, Simone C.B.; Schenkel, Eloir P.; Bassani, Valquiria L.

    2005-01-01

    Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire é uma espécie sul-americana da qual ramos e folhas são utilizados para o preparo de uma bebida de grande consumo em alguns países da América do Sul. A planta é conhecida como “erva-mate” em português ou “yerba-mate” em espanhol. Tendo em vista o potencial uso das saponinas como tensoativo bem como o seu potencial terapêutico, o presente trabalho propõe um método de extração e quantificação para as saponinas presentes em Ilex paraguariensis. As saponinas foram e...

  8. BIOMASSA E ACÚMULO DE NUTRIENTES EM Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Braulio Otomar Caron

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available They are still few the information on the influence of the brightness in the production of biomass as well as in the concentration of some nutritious in leaves of Ilex paraguariensis . This work aimed to evaluate the production of dry matter of the aerial part of the Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (branches and leaves and the concentration of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and iron in leaves produced in two systems of cultivations, intercropping with Pinus elliottii Engel. and single, along the seasons in the municipality of FredericoWestphalen, Rio Grande do Sul state. The results showed that the production of biomass of the Ilex paraguariensis (leaves + branches is larger in the single cultivation when compared to the intercropping. However, when comparing the two cropping systems with respect to phosphorus, but especially calcium and magnesium, there was a small variation for different periods of the year, which indicates a more constant metabolic activity of the plant yerba mate in a more shaded condition, which makes it an important factor in the final quality of the product.

  9. Effects of acute administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis) in animal models of learning and memory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Prediger, Rui D S; Fernandes, Marcelo S; Rial, Daniel; Wopereis, Sandro; Pereira, Vitor S; Bosse, Tamara S; Da Silva, Camila B; Carradore, Renata S; Machado, Marina S; Cechinel-Filho, Valdir; Costa-Campos, Luciane

    2008-12-08

    Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire (Aquifoliaceae) is a plant widely cultivated in South America that is used to prepare a tea-like beverage with a reputation to improve cognitive function, a response that has been attributed to the constituents of the leaves, especially caffeine. Our previous study indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of Ilex paraguariensis presents an antiparkinsonian profile in reserpine- and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-treated rodents. In the present study, the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Ilex paraguariensis on the short- and long-term learning and memory of rats were assessed with the social recognition, Morris water maze, and step-down inhibitory avoidance tasks. A preliminary HPLC fingerprint of the plant extract confirmed the presence of caffeine (the major compound), rutin and kaemperol, and revealed the absence of detectable concentrations of caffeic acid, quercetin and ursolic acid. Acute pre-training intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral administration of the extract of Ilex paraguariensis improved the short-term social memory in a specific manner as well as facilitated the step-down inhibitory avoidance short-term memory evaluated 1.5h after training. Moreover, a synergistic response was observed following the co-administration of 'non-effective' doses of caffeine and Ilex paraguariensis in the social memory. In contrast, pre-training administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Ilex paraguariensis did not alter the step-down inhibitory avoidance long-term memory evaluated 24h after training, while the highest dose tested (250 mg/kg, i.p.) disrupted the animals' performance in a cued version of the Morris water maze. These results partly substantiate the traditional use of mate tea for improvement of cognition indicating that acute administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Ilex paraguariensis differentially modulates short- and long-term learning and memory in rats probably through its

  10. DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF Ilex paraguariensis BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

    OpenAIRE

    Pinto,Rodrigo M. C.; Lemes,Bruna M.; Zielinski,Acácio A. F.; Klein,Traudi; Paula,Fernado de; Kist,Airton; Marques,Anna S. F.; Nogueira,Alessandro; Demiate,Ivo M.; Beltrame,Flávio L.

    2015-01-01

    Ilex paraguariensis (yerba-mate) is used as a beverage, and its extract requires adequate quality control methods in order to guarantee quality and safe use. Strategies to develop and optimize a chromatographic method to quantify theobromine, caffeine, and chlorogenic acid in I. paraguariensis extracts were evaluated by applying a quality by design (QbD) model and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The presence of these three phytochemical markers in the extracts was evalua...

  11. ESTIMATION OF BIOMASS COMMERCIAL SPROUTS OF Ilex paraguariensis A.ST.-HIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elisabete Vuaden

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed at developing some models that allow estimating the biomass of commercial green shoots of Ilex paraguariensis after pruning, at 10 years-old. In September 2007, 40 Ilex paraguariensis were pruned. One year after the first pruning, in 2008, they were evaluated dendrometrically and their biomass was determined from the commercial harvest of 16 individuals. To the others, the commercial biomass was estimated by the sum of the biomass of shoots.  The result obtained is that the biomass of commercial sprouts can be estimated as a function of the length of the rolls sprouting, with specific models for sprouts short, simple and compound average sprouts and long sprouts compounds. The models used to estimate the biomass of commercial sprouts using the length sum rolls and rolls of the length as independent variables underestimate the values of biomass with a margin of error of only 2.6%.

  12. EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF SOLAR RADIATION FOR PLANTS Ilex paraguariensis A. ST. HIL. CULTIVATED UNDER SHADOW AND FULL SUN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Braulio Otomar Caron

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509814563The efficiency of conversion of the solar radiation in biomass is a variable frequently used in models of simulation the culture growth, because the biomass production is related with the efficiency of which a plant converts radiant energy in chemistry, given by the process of the photosynthesis. The objective of this work was to determine the efficiency of conversion of the photosynthetically active and intercepted solar radiation (RFAi in Ilex paraguariensis biomass, cultivated in consortium (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. e Pinus elliottii Engelm and single. For so much, it was determined the photosynthetically active and intercepted solar radiation (RFAi, the index of leaf area and the biomass dries of the seedlings, being then, the efficiency of conversion of RFAi in biomass dries of the cultivated in consortium and single. For a same radiation value RFAi, is obtained larger efficiency of use of the radiation in the accumulation in matter dries when Ilex paraguariensis is cultivated in consortium. The conversion efficiency (εb of biomass total drought of Ilex paraguariensis plants in relation to the amount of the photosynthetically active and intercepted solar radiation (RFAi accumulated is of 0.83 g MJ-1 in the system consortium and of 0.23 g MJ-1 in the single system. In spite of that, the production of aerial biomass for plant was larger in the single system. 

  13. Atividade antibacteriana de extratos de erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. Antibacterial activity of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. extracts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. Girolometto

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Através de testes de diluição, em sistema de tubos múltiplos, determinou-se a intensidade de atividade de inibição bacteriana (IINIB e intensidade de atividade de inativação bacteriana (IINAB de extratos hídricos (decocto, etanólicos (alcoolatura e hidroalcoolatura de cambitos e de folhas de Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.(Aquifoliaceae sobre as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25.923, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19.433, Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 11.076 e Escherichia coli (ATCC 11.229. Todas as formas de extração apresentaram capacidade de inativação e/ou inibição seletivas sobre as bactérias avaliadas, porém os extratos originados por destilação etanólica apresentaram os melhores resultados. Salmonella enteritidis demonstrou maior sensibilidade, seguida por Enterococcus faecalis. Posteriormente, estes dois agentes foram submetidos a testes de suspensão, no mesmo sistema, na presença e ausência de matéria orgânica (soro bovino, sob controle do fator tempo. A presença de matéria orgânica diminuiu, enquanto o tempo de exposição aumentou a sensibilidade de Salmonella enteritidis e de Enterococus faecalis aos diferentes extratos de Ilex testados.Dilution tests in multiple tube system were employed to evaluate the intensity of bacterial inhibition activity (IINIB and bacterial inactivation activity (IINAB of aqueous extracts (decoctions and ethanolic extracts (alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts from "cambitos" of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (Aquifoliaceae leaf on the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25.923, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19.433, Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 11.076, and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11.229. All extraction procedures presented selective inactivation and/or inhibition capacity on the evaluated bacteria; however, extracts from ethanolic distillation yielded the best results. Salmonella enteritidis had the highest sensitivity, followed by Enterococus faecalis. Later, such agents were

  14. Influência do método de extração nos teores de metilxantinas em erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis a. St.-Hil., aquifoliaceae Influence of the extraction methodology on the methylxanthines content of maté (Ilex paraguariensis a. St.-Hil., aquifoliaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simone C. B. Gnoatto

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Ilex paraguariensis A. St. -Hil. is a native species of southern South America. The caffeine content in Ilex paraguariensis leaves has been considered an important quality parameter for maté-derived products. In this work different extraction methods for the determination of these methylxantines are compared. The influence of the extraction conditions on the methylxanthine yields was evaluated. Extraction by decoction with acidic aqueous solution (H2SO4 4N presented the higher efficiency in the theobromine extraction. The extraction in a Soxhlet with acidic aqueous solution and decoction with acidic aqueous solution showed the highest caffeine yield. For the concomitant theobromine and caffeine quantification, the decoction with acidic aqueous solution is suggested.

  15. Evaluation of fungi contamination and xanthine and phenolic compounds content in irradiated mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Furgeri, Camilo; Fanaro, Gustavo B.; Koike, Amanda C.R.; Rodrigues, Flavio T.; Villavicencio, Anna Lucia C.H.; Bastos, Deborah H.M.

    2013-01-01

    The mate (Ilex paraguariensis), a native species from South America, is consumed mainly as beverage, either in a hot (chimarrao) as in cold (terere) infusion. An important concern is its fungal contamination responsible to affect the physical and nutritional qualities. The radiation processing is effective to reduce the microbiological contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation from 60 Co at doses of 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 kGy in fungal contamination as well as in the nutritional and sensorial characteristics of Ilex paraguariensis as chimarrao and terere beverage. The results show that the dose of 7 kGy decreases the fungal contamination to a safety levels, however decrease the antioxidant activity in chimarrao and promote a change in color characteristic in both beverages. Besides these effects, the dose of 7 kGy is still indicated once the antioxidant activity loss was minimal although the sensorial attributes changed were not percept by consumers. (author)

  16. Assessment of oxidation of leaves of Ilex paraguariensis (St. Hil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rochele Fernanda Molin

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available This work aimed to study the oxidation of leaves of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil, in a process similar to the oxidation of Camellia sinensis, with the purpose of developing new products based on yerba maté. So far, no previous systematic study about the oxidation of yerba maté has been found elsewhere. A Plackett-Burman experimental design was used for the screening of the significant parameters that affected the oxidation. The oxidation was indirectly quantified by following the changes in the product color, water activity, and pH with the time of processing. The factors that most influenced the process were the age of the leaves and the relative humidity of the oxidation chamber. The differences between the treatments were more evident after 3, 6 12 and 24 h of oxidation. The results could contribute to the developing of new products based on I. paraguariensis St. Hil, increasing the profitability of cultivation of this native species.

  17. Reduction in oxidative stress levels in the colonic mucosa without fecal stream after the application of enemas containing aqueous Ilex paraguariensis extract.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cunha, Fernando Lorenzetti da; Silva, Camila Morais Gonçalves da; Almeida, Marcos Gonçalves de; Lameiro, Thais Miguel do Monte; Marques, Letícia Helena Souza; Margarido, Nelson Fontana; Martinez, Carlos Augusto Real

    2011-08-01

    To evaluate the antioxidant effects of enemas containing aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis, comparing segments with and without fecal stream and correlating the segments with the duration of intervention. Twenty-six Wistar rats were subjected to a diversion of the fecal stream in the left colon by a proximal colostomy and distal mucosal fistula. The rats were distributed randomly into two experimental groups of 13 animals each based on the time of sacrifice after surgical procedure (two or four weeks). Each group was then divided into two experimental subgroups that received either second daily enemas containing 0.9% saline solution or aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis at 0.2g/100g. Colitis was diagnosed by histopathological analysis and the detection of oxidative tissue damage by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the tissue levels of malondialdehyde between colon segments with and without fecal stream in each experimental group, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to verify the variance between the levels of oxidative stress according the duration of the irrigation; both tests determined significance at 5% (pirrigation were 0.05±0.006 and 0.06±0.006, and 0.05± 0.03 and 0.08 ±0.02, respectively. The malondialdehyde levels in the animals irrigated with Ilex paraguariensis with and without fecal stream after two and four weeks of irrigation were 0.010±0.002 and 0.02±0.004, and 0.03±0.007 and 0.04±0.01, respectively. After two and four weeks of intervention, the levels of malondialdehyde were lower in the animals irrigated with Ilex paraguariensis regardless of the time of irrigation (p=0.0001 and p=0.002, respectively). The daily rectal application of enemas containing aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis decreases oxidative tissue damage in the colon without fecal stream regardless of the time of irrigation.

  18. DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF Ilex paraguariensis BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo M. C. Pinto

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Ilex paraguariensis (yerba-mate is used as a beverage, and its extract requires adequate quality control methods in order to guarantee quality and safe use. Strategies to develop and optimize a chromatographic method to quantify theobromine, caffeine, and chlorogenic acid in I. paraguariensis extracts were evaluated by applying a quality by design (QbD model and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC. The presence of these three phytochemical markers in the extracts was evaluated using UHPLC-MS and was confirmed by the chromatographic bands in the total ion current traces (m/z of 181.1 [M+H]+, 195.0 [M+H]+, and 353.0 [M−H]−, respectively. The developed method was then transferred to a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC platform, and the three phytochemical markers were used as external standards in the validation of a method for analyses of these compounds in extracts using a diode array detector (DAD. The validated method was applied to quantify the chlorogenic acid, caffeine, and theobromine in the samples. HPLC-DAD chromatographic fingerprinting was also used in a multivariate approach to process the entire data and to separate the I. paraguariensis extracts into two groups. The developed method is very useful for qualifying and quantifying I. paraguariensis extracts.

  19. Efeito do Extrato Aquoso de ilex paraguariensis Sobre o Metabolismo de Ratos Machos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela Lima Pedroso

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Vários estudos têm apontado Ilex paraguariensis (erva-mate como coadjuvante no manejo da obesidade. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar ingestão alimentar, peso corporal, volume da diurese, quantidade de gordura abdominal, triglicérides e colesterol total plasmáticos de ratos Wistar machos tratados com extrato aquoso de Ilex paraguariensis. MÉTODOS: Formaram-se dois grupos de seis animais cada, um controle e outro tratado. O tratado recebia extrato de Ilex paraguariensis e o controle, água para hidratação. Todos receberam ração padrão. Para o preparo do extrato da erva, misturava-se 1 L de água aquecida à 80 ºC e 70 g de erva-mate. Em 15 minutos, essa mistura era coada. Após 8 semanas, os animais foram colocados em gaiolas metabólicas para avaliar a ingestão alimentar e hídrica e o volume de diurese e fezes. Nesse período, foi aferido o peso, foram coletadas amostras de sangue para quantificar triglicérides e colesterol e a gordura abdominal foi dissecada após a morte dos animais. Na análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste t de Student para o tratamento de todos os resultados, e P < 0,05 foi considerado significativo. RESULTADOS: Ingestão alimentar e hídrica, diurese, fezes e peso dos animais não apresentaram qualquer diferença significativa, assim como os níveis de triglicérides. A quantidade de gordura abdominal, assim como os níveis de colesterol, foi significativamente menor nos animais tratados. CONCLUSÃO: O extrato da erva-mate parece ter influência sobre o metabolismo dos lipídios sem interferir no peso corporal nem na ingestão alimentar e hídrica.

  20. Características físicas e químicas de substratos para produção de mudas de Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. Physical and chemical characteristics of substrates for the production of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. seedlings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivar Wendling

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar as propriedades físicas e químicas de diferentes materiais e suas combinações, bem como sua influência na produção de mudas de erva-mate em tubetes plásticos. O trabalho foi conduzido no viveiro da Empresa Baldo S.A., em São Mateus do Sul, PR. Utilizaram-se seis materiais: esterco bovino curtido, serragem semidecomposta, palito de erva-mate picado, terra de subsolo, substrato comercial à base de casca de pinus e húmus de minhoca, com os quais foram formulados 14 tratamentos. Os resultados indicaram que os tratamentos que continham serragem, palito de erva-mate e, principalmente, esterco bovino, além de serem mais econômicos, mostraram bons resultados na qualidade das mudas produzidas. Dentre esses tratamentos, aquele composto de 40% de esterco bovino e 60% de serragem se destacou, em vista da boa relação custo-benefício apresentada e da sua facilidade de preparo. As características químicas dos substratos não interferiram nas suas características físicas, assim como a influência das características físicas na produção de mudas de erva-mate depende da variável analisada.This work aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of different materials and their compositions, as well as their efficiency in the production of Ilex paraguariensis seedlings in plastic tubes. The work was conducted at the Baldo S.A. Company nursery in São Mateus do Sul, PR, Brazil. Six materials were used to formulate 14 treatments: cattle manure, semi-decomposed sawdust, Ilex paraguariensis chopped stems, underground earth, commercial substrate based on pinus bark and earthworm humus. The results indicated that the treatments containing sawdust, Ilex paraguariensis stems and mainly cattle manure, besides being more economical, produced good quality seedlings. The treatments consisting of 40% cattle manure and 60% sawdust stood out because of the good cost-benefit ratio and the easiness of

  1. Caffeine and theobromine in epicuticular wax of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Athayde, M L; Coelho, G C; Schenkel, E P

    2000-12-01

    Caffeine and theobromine were identified and quantified in leaf epicuticular waxes of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. (Aquifoliaceae). The total epicuticular leaf wax content was ca. 0.5% on average of dry leaf weight. Epicuticular caffeine and theobromine contents varied from 0.16 to 127.6 microg/mg and from 0 to 9.5 microg/mg of wax, respectively. For some selected samples, the intracellular methylxanthine concentration was also determined. A positive correlation was found between inner and epicuticular caffeine contents.

  2. Nutritional and Phytochemical Study of Ilex paraguariensis Fruits

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Cogoi

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Yerba mate is defined as the product constituted by the dried, slightly roasted, and milled leaves of Ilex paraguariensis. However, the fruits of this species are often found in the commercial product. Nowadays the fruits are considered a byproduct. The objective of this work was to obtain the preliminary data of minerals, lipids, methylxanthines and polyphenols in the ripe fruits of I. paraguariensis. The results showed a considerable amount of total dietary fiber (42.0 ± 1.6 g/100 g and nutritionally valuable minerals: potassium (1324 ± 15 mg/100 g, iron (6.4 ± 0.5 mg/100 g, magnesium (168 ± 15 mg/100 g, calcium (150 ± 12 mg/100 g, copper (1.1 ± 0.1 mg/100 g, zinc (2.3 ± 0.3 mg/100 g, and sodium (1.3 ± 0.1 mg/100 g. The lipid content was 4.5 g/100 g. Oleic acid was the predominant unsaturated fatty acid (38.74 ± 0.75 g/100 g. Linoleic acid (1.83 ± 0,01 g/100 g was also present. Methylxanthines were quantified: caffeine (0.118 ± 0.001 and theobromine (0.0125 ± 0.0002 g/100 g. The total polyphenol content was 0.717 ± 0.001 g/100 g. The results obtained in this work suggest the potential value of the fruits of I. paraguariensis for the development of novel products in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This paper aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge of a natural by-product from industry regarding the need of foods and medicines for the new millennium.

  3. Mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) saponins induce caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in human colon cancer cells in vitro

    Science.gov (United States)

    Saponins are naturally occurring metabolites present in Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis), and other plant sources which have been associated with several health benefits. Mate saponins were extracted with methanol from dry leaves, partially purified and quantified. UV-HPLC analysis showed that the m...

  4. Marcadores moleculares em estudos de caracterização de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil.: o sabor Molecular markers in erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis araguariensis St.Hil. characterization studies: the taste

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Angelo Vidor

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available A Epagri (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina S.A possui uma das maiores coleções brasileiras de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil.. A partir de ensaios agronômicos preliminares, apresentaram destaque as procedências Barão de Cotegipe e Água Doce. Dentre essas, verificaram-se diferentes sabores (mais amargo e menos amargo, aparentemente, em função do tipo de folha (CL - curta e larga; LE - longa e estreita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de tentar associar os padrões obtidos mediante marcadores moleculares, com as procedências ou acessos e características fenotípicas desejáveis - altura de planta, diâmetro de copa, densidade folhar, sobrevivência das plantas e comportamento de rebrota -, dentro do caráter sabor em erva-mate. Para isto, utilizaram-se marcadores moleculares que amplificam DNA, do tipo RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Os resultados indicaram não ser possível, com o número de iniciadores utlizados como marcadores moleculares, definir geneticamente o caráter sabor, ainda que os mesmos tenham indicado tendência para tal.The Santa Catarina State Agricultural Research and Extensios Organization - Epagri SA, owns one of the largest Brazilian colletions or erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil.. Preliminary agronomic trials identified two promissing erva-mate materials named Barão de Cotegipe and Água Doce. Different tastes within each material were also identified, i.e. tastes with different grades of bitterness, apparently associated with the shape of leaves (CL - short and wide; LE - long and narrow. This study aimed to associate this plant patterns using molecular markers with plant origins and desirable fenotipic characteristics such as plant height, crown diameter, leaf density, plant survival, regrowth behaviour, within each taste group. For this molecular markers which amplify DNA of RAPD type (Random Amplified Polimorphic DNA was used. The results did not allow

  5. Primer registro para la flora argentina de Ilex affinis (Aquifoliaceae, sustituto de la "yerba mate" First report for Argentina of Ilex affinis (Aquifoliaceae, a "mate" substitute

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor A. Keller

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available El hallazgo de Ilex affinis Gardner (Aquifoliaceae en los paredones rocosos y áreas pantanosas del paraje Teyú Cuaré, Misiones, Argentina, permite elevar a siete el número de especies de este género para nuestro país y desplaza al sur el límite austral de dispersión de esta especie. Se describe la especie sobre la base de los ejemplares hallados, y se la ilustra mediante fotografías. Además se presentan consideraciones sobre su distribución, observaciones ecológicas y su relación con la yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil..The finding of Ilex affinis Gardner (Aquifoliaceae in the rocky cliffs and swampy places of Teyú Cuaré, Misiones Province, Argentina, raises to seven the number of species of this genus for our country and moves southward the distribution limits of the species. The species is described on the basis of the specimens collected, and it is illustrated by photographies. Moreover, considerations about distribution, ecology and relationships with maté (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. are given.

  6. Influence of agronomic variables on the macronutrient and micronutrient contents and thermal behavior of mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jacques, Rosângela A; Arruda, Eduardo J; de Oliveira, Lincoln C S; de Oliveira, Ana P; Dariva, Cláudio; de Oliveira, J Vladimir; Caramão, Elina B

    2007-09-05

    The influence of agronomic variables (light intensity, age of leaves, and fertilization type) on the content of macronutrients and micronutrients (potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, manganese, iron, zinc, and copper) of tea leaves was assessed by acid digestion, followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The thermal behavior of mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis) was also studied in this work. Samples of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) were collected in an experiment conducted under agronomic control at Erva-Mate Barão Commerce and Industry LTD (Brazil). The results showed that the mineral content in mate is affected by the agronomic variables investigated. In general, the content of mineral compounds analyzed is higher for younger leaves and for plants cultivated in shadow. Thermal analysis of samples indicated a similar behavior, with three typical steps of decomposition: loss of water, degradation of low-molecular weight compounds, and degradation of residual materials.

  7. Ilex paraguariensis and its main component chlorogenic acid inhibit fructose formation of advanced glycation endproducts with amino acids at conditions compatible with those in the digestive system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bains, Yasmin; Gugliucci, Alejandro

    2017-03-01

    We have previously shown that Ilex paraguariensis extracts have potent antiglycation actions. Associations of excess free fructose consumption with inflammatory diseases have been proposed to be mediated through in situ enteral formation of fructose AGEs, which, after being absorbed may contribute to inflammatory diseases via engagement of RAGE. In this proof of principle investigation we show fluorescent AGE formation between amino acids (Arg, Lys, Gly at 10-50mM) and fructose (10-50mM) under time, temperature, pH and concentrations compatible with the digestive system lumen and its inhibition by Ilex paraguariensis extracts. Incubation of amino acids with fructose (but not glucose) leads to a time dependent formation of AGE fluorescence, already apparent after just 1h incubation, a time frame well compatible with the digestive process. Ilex paraguariensis (mate tea) inhibited AGE formation by 83% at 50μl/ml (pfructose and amino acids at times and concentrations plausibly found in the intestines. The reaction is inhibited by mate tea and its individual phenolics (caffeic acid and chlorogenic acids). The study provides the first evidence for the proposed mechanism to explain epidemiological correlations between excess fructose consumption and inflammatory diseases. Enteral fructose-AGE formation would be inhibited by co-intake of Ilex paraguariensis, and potentially other beverages, fruits and vegetables that contain comparable concentrations of phenolics as in IP (mate tea). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Evaluation of sensorial analysis in mate (Ilex Paraguariensis) processed by gamma radiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Furgeri, Camilo; Sabundjian, Ingrid T.; Silva, Priscila V.; Salum, Debora C.; Villavicencio, A.L.C.H. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: camilo.furgeri@gmail.com; Bastos, Deborah H.M. [Universidade de Sao Paulo USP, SP (Brazil). Faculdade de Saude Publica. Dept. de Nutricao Experimental]. E-mail: dmbastos@usp.br

    2007-07-01

    Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a native species from South America which is widely consumed as chimarrao (made white hot water) and terere (made white could water) beverages. One of the basic questions for the food area is the relation between the quality observed by the consumers and the presence of compounds responsible for its flavor and aroma, essential parameters of the food quality. The radiation food processing has been demonstrating great effectiveness in the combat of pathogenic agents while little compromising nutritional value and sensorial properties of foods. This boarding affects directly the food industry, which represent quality and aggregate product value. (author)

  9. Evaluation of sensorial analysis in mate (Ilex Paraguariensis) processed by gamma radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Furgeri, Camilo; Sabundjian, Ingrid T.; Silva, Priscila V.; Salum, Debora C.; Villavicencio, A.L.C.H.; Bastos, Deborah H.M.

    2007-01-01

    Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a native species from South America which is widely consumed as chimarrao (made white hot water) and terere (made white could water) beverages. One of the basic questions for the food area is the relation between the quality observed by the consumers and the presence of compounds responsible for its flavor and aroma, essential parameters of the food quality. The radiation food processing has been demonstrating great effectiveness in the combat of pathogenic agents while little compromising nutritional value and sensorial properties of foods. This boarding affects directly the food industry, which represent quality and aggregate product value. (author)

  10. Dataset of the first transcriptome assembly of the tree crop “yerba mate” (Ilex paraguariensis and systematic characterization of protein coding genes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia M. Aguilera

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available This contribution contains data associated to the research article entitled “Exploring the genes of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. by NGS and de novo transcriptome assembly” (Debat et al., 2014 [1]. By means of a bioinformatic approach involving extensive NGS data analyses, we provide a resource encompassing the full transcriptome assembly of yerba mate, the first available reference for the Ilex L. genus. This dataset (Supplementary files 1 and 2 consolidates the transcriptome-wide assembled sequences of I. paraguariensis with further comprehensive annotation of the protein coding genes of yerba mate via the integration of Arabidopsis thaliana databases. The generated data is pivotal for the characterization of agronomical relevant genes in the tree crop yerba mate -a non-model species- and related taxa in Ilex. The raw sequencing data dissected here is available at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank (NCBI Resource Coordinators, 2016 [2] Sequence Read Archive (SRA under the accession SRP043293 and the assembled sequences have been deposited at the Transcriptome Shotgun Assembly Sequence Database (TSA under the accession GFHV00000000.

  11. Efeito antimutagênico, antigenotóxico, antiobesidade e antioxidante da Ilex paraguariensis (erva-mate)

    OpenAIRE

    Andrea da Rocha Kaezer

    2013-01-01

    O extrato aquoso de erva-mate, obtido a partir de folhas secas de Ilex paraguariensis, é uma bebida amplamente consumida na América do Sul. Inicialmente, nosso objetivo foi caracterizar os compostos presentes nas amostras de erva-mate disponíveis no mercado brasileiro (CH: chimarrão; T: chá mate torrado; G: chá mate torrado, comercialmente acondicionado em garrafas ou C: em copos; TS: chá mate torrado solúvel A mutagenicidade, citotoxicidade e antimutagenicidade de todas as amostras também fo...

  12. Survey of natural radioactivity levels in Ilex paraguariensis (St. Hil.) by gamma-ray spectrometry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Scheibel, Viviane; Appoloni, Carlos Roberto

    2007-01-01

    The mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis - St. Hil.) is a beverage broadly cultivated and consumed in Brazil. The radioactive traces present in three trademarks of toasted mate tea produced at the south of Brazil were analyzed. Measurements were carried out by gamma-ray spectrometry. The average value for the 40 K activity measured for marks A, B and C was 1216 ± 8, 1047 ± 14 and 666 ± 13 Bq.kg -1 , respectively. The 137 Cs activity was lower than the limit of detection. (author)

  13. Estudo da composição elementar da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

    OpenAIRE

    Raquel Giulian

    2005-01-01

    O presente trabalho baseia-se no estudo da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) através das técnicas PIXE, RBS e ERDA, com o intuito de avaliar a concentração dos elementos constituintes dessa planta quando ela é submetida a diferentes condições. Com a análise de 20 marcas distintas de erva-mate produzidas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul e disponíveis no comércio de Porto Alegre, buscou-se a determinação da concentração média dos metais presentes na erva-mate. As mesmas amostras foram também analis...

  14. Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) fruit using compressed propane and supercritical CO2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fernandes, Ciro E F; Scapinello, Jaqueline; Bohn, Aline; Boligon, Aline A; Athayde, Margareth L; Magro, Jacir Dall; Palliga, Marshall; Oliveira, J Vladimir; Tres, Marcus V

    2017-01-01

    Traditionally, Ilex paraguariensis leaves are consumed in tea form or as typical drinks like mate and terere, while the fruits are discarded processing and has no commercial value. The aim of this work to evaluate phytochemical properties, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts of Ilex paraguariensis fruits obtained from supercritical CO 2 and compressed propane extraction. The extraction with compressed propane yielded 2.72 wt%, whereas with supercritical CO 2 1.51 wt% was obtained. The compound extracted in larger amount by the two extraction solvents was caffeine, 163.28 and 54.17 mg/g by supercritical CO 2 and pressurized propane, respectively. The antioxidant activity was more pronounced for the supercritical CO 2 extract, with no difference found in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus for the two extracts and better results observed for Escherichia coli when using supercritical CO 2 .

  15. ESTUDIOS EMBRIOLOGICOS Y CITOLOGICOS EN LA YERBA MATE ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS (AQUIFOLIACEAE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cesar Otto Niklas

    1987-01-01

    Full Text Available El recuento cromosómico de Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. confirmó el número 2n = 40 para todo el material estudiado. En el análisis de la meiosis se comprobó que tiene un comportamiento normal, presentando 20 II. El polen analizado presentó cerca de 100% de fertilidad. Se estableció que el saco embrionario es del tipo Polygonum. Cuando la fruta está madura, los embriones se encuentran en diferentes etapas: globulares 2,6%, corazón 70,24%, post corazón 23,3%; torpedo 2,62% y maduros 0,96%. Estos embriones seguen creciendo cuando la semilla está en condiciones para germinar, esta es la razón del lento desarrollo observado en la germinación.

  16. Reduction in oxidative stress levels in the colonic mucosa without fecal stream after the application of enemas containing aqueous Ilex paraguariensis extract Redução dos níveis de estresse oxidativo na mucosa cólica sem trânsito intestinal após aplicação de enemas contendo extrato aquoso de Ilex paraguariensis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Lorenzetti da Cunha

    2011-08-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the antioxidant effects of enemas containing aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis, comparing segments with and without fecal stream and correlating the segments with the duration of intervention. METHODS: Twenty-six Wistar rats were subjected to a diversion of the fecal stream in the left colon by a proximal colostomy and distal mucosal fistula. The rats were distributed randomly into two experimental groups of 13 animals each based on the time of sacrifice after surgical procedure (two or four weeks. Each group was then divided into two experimental subgroups that received either second daily enemas containing 0.9% saline solution or aqueous extract of Ilex paraguariensis at 0.2g/100g. Colitis was diagnosed by histopathological analysis and the detection of oxidative tissue damage by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the tissue levels of malondialdehyde between colon segments with and without fecal stream in each experimental group, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to verify the variance between the levels of oxidative stress according the duration of the irrigation; both tests determined significance at 5% (pOBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos antioxidantes de clisteres contendo extrato aquoso de Ilex paraguariensis comparando segmentos com e sem trânsito fecal e correlacionando com o tempo de intervenção. MÉTODOS: Vinte e seis ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à derivação do trânsito no cólon esquerdo pela confecção de colostomia proximal e fístula mucosa distal. Foram divididos de forma randomizada em dois grupos experimentais de 13 animais, de acordo com o sacrifício ser realizado após duas ou quatro semanas do procedimento cirúrgico. Cada grupo foi dividido em dois subgrupos experimentais segundo a aplicação diária ter sido realizada com enemas diários contendo solução fisiológica a 0,9% ou extrato aquoso de Ilex paraguariensis na concentra

  17. Atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos de folhas e ramos da Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno De Biasi

    Full Text Available Para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de Ilex paraguariensis foram utilizados seis microrganismos: Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis. O método utilizado foi de difusão do disco. Foram adicionados em discos de papel filtro 10 µl de extratos hidro-alcoólicos das folhas e ramos coletados de dois ambientes distintos, com e sem exposição ao sol. As placas foram incubadas a 35- 37 ºC por 24 h. Os extratos inibiram levedura, bacilos gram-negativos e cocos gram-positivos, não mostrando atividade frente à Escherichia coli.

  18. Foam-forming properties of Ilex paraguariensis (mate saponin: foamability and foam lifetime analysis by Weibull equation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janine Treter

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Saponins are natural soaplike foam-forming compounds widely used in foods, cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations. In this work foamability and foam lifetime of foams obtained from Ilex paraguariensis unripe fruits were analyzed. Polysorbate 80 and sodium dodecyl sulfate were used as reference surfactants. Aiming a better data understanding a linearized 4-parameters Weibull function was proposed. The mate hydroethanolic extract (ME and a mate saponin enriched fraction (MSF afforded foamability and foam lifetime comparable to the synthetic surfactants. The linearization of the Weibull equation allowed the statistical comparison of foam decay curves, improving former mathematical approaches.

  19. Effect of erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae) on serum cholesterol, triacylglycerides and glucose in Wistar rats fed a diet supplemented with fat and sugar Efeito da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae) sobre o colesterol, triacilglicerídeos e glucose em ratos Wistar com dieta alimentar suplementada com lipídeos e glicídeos

    OpenAIRE

    Franciele Przygodda; Zenilde N. Martins; Ana Paula A. Castaldelli; Thais V. Minella; Luciana P. Vieira; Kathia Cantelli; Jordana Fronza; Maristela J. Padoin

    2010-01-01

    Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae, is a species native to the subtropical and temperate regions of South America, used in beverages prepared by infusion such as teas, chimarrão and tererê. To investigate the physiological effects of I. paraguariensis on the metabolism of fats and sugars in Wistar rats, following the ingestion of erva-mate tea, four experimental groups were constructed: Lipid Control Group (receiving water and high-fat diet); Lipid Tea Group (extract of I. paragua...

  20. Triterpenoids from Brazilian Ilex species and their in vitro antitrypanosomal activity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taketa, Alexandre T C; Gnoatto, Simone C B; Gosmann, Grace; Pires, Viviane S; Schenkel, Eloir P; Guillaume, Dominique

    2004-10-01

    From the leaves of Ilex affinis and Ilex buxifolia, two adulterant species of "erva mate" (Ilex paraguariensis), three new triterpenoid glycosides were isolated. Affinoside 1 (3beta-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[2-O-acetyl-(1-->2

  1. Evaluation of phenolic compounds in mate (Ilex paraguariensis) processed by gamma radiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Furgeri, C.; Nunes, T.C.F.; Fanaro, G.B. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Centro de Tecnologia das Radiacoes-Laboratory de Deteccao de Alimentos Irradiados, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitaria, CEP: 05508-900 Sao Paulo (Brazil); Souza, M.F.F.; Bastos, D.H.M. [Faculdade de Saude Publica, FSP/USP, Departamento de Nutricao-Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, CEP: 01246-904 Sao Paulo (Brazil); Villavicencio, A.L.C.H. [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Centro de Tecnologia das Radiacoes-Laboratory de Deteccao de Alimentos Irradiados, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitaria, CEP: 05508-900 Sao Paulo (Brazil)], E-mail: villavic@ipen.br

    2009-07-15

    The radiation food processing has been demonstrating great effectiveness in the attack of pathogenic agents, while little compromising nutritional value and sensorial properties of foods. The mate (Ilex paraguariensis), widely consumed product in South America, generally in the form of infusions with hot or cold water, calls of chimarrao or terere, it is cited in literature as one of the best sources phenolic compounds. The antioxidants action of these constituent has been related to the protection of the organism against the free radicals, generated in alive, currently responsible for the sprouting of some degenerative illness as cancer, arteriosclerosis, rheumatic arthritis and cardiovascular clutters among others. The objective of that work was to evaluate the action of the processing for gamma radiation in phenolic compounds of terere beverage in the doses of 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 kGy. The observed results do not demonstrate significant alterations in phenolic compounds of terere beverage processed by gamma radiation.

  2. Genetic variation of phytochemical compounds in progenies of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Euclides Lara Cardozo Junior

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil contains phytochemical compounds capable of preventing a number of healthproblems. Knowledge on the genetic contribution to the variability in these compounds can help to obtain mate progenies withhigher levels thereof in breeding programs. The composition of triterpene saponins, methylxanthines, chlorogenic acid andthe antioxidant activity of eight mate progenies were evaluated. Significant differences among progenies were verified incontents of triterpene saponins (0.003-0.080%, caffeine (0.226-1.377%, theobromine (0.176-0.831%, and chlorogenicacid (1.344-2.031% and in antioxidant activity (31.251-51.406%. The contents of theobromine were found to be negativelycorrelated with saponins and caffeine, and caffeine with chlorogenic acid, while theobromine was positively correlated withchlorogenic acid. The heritability values for saponins (75.09%, caffeine (75.19%, theobromine (66.87%, chlorogenic acid(52.86% and antioxidant activity (67.75% indicate the possibility of genetic gain in selection for these traits.

  3. COMPORTAMENTO DA ERVA-MATE (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. EM CONSÓRCIO SILVICULTURAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Odilson dos Santos Oliveira

    1995-12-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho foi realizado no Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e teve por objetivo determinar o comportamento da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. cultivada em sistemas de consórcio silvicultural. A metodologia adotada constituiu-se da implantação de três tratamentos, cortes aos sistemas de consórcio erva-mate x Pinus sp., erva-mate x bracatinga e erva-mate x capoeira. A análise dos resultados levou às setes conclusões: os melhores resultados de desenvolvimento de erva-mate são obdos nos consórcios com bracatinga e Pinus sp. e, o pior, na capoeira; as vazes extremas dos fatores do meio são amenizadas pelas outras espécies do consórcio; índices elevados de luminosidade não promovem maior produção de matéria seca, nem os índices muito baixos.

  4. Evaluation of phenolic compounds in mate (Ilex paraguariensis) processed by gamma radiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Furgeri, C.; Nunes, T.C.F.; Fanaro, G.B.; Souza, M.F.F.; Bastos, D.H.M.; Villavicencio, A.L.C.H.

    2009-01-01

    The radiation food processing has been demonstrating great effectiveness in the attack of pathogenic agents, while little compromising nutritional value and sensorial properties of foods. The mate (Ilex paraguariensis), widely consumed product in South America, generally in the form of infusions with hot or cold water, calls of chimarrao or terere, it is cited in literature as one of the best sources phenolic compounds. The antioxidants action of these constituent has been related to the protection of the organism against the free radicals, generated in alive, currently responsible for the sprouting of some degenerative illness as cancer, arteriosclerosis, rheumatic arthritis and cardiovascular clutters among others. The objective of that work was to evaluate the action of the processing for gamma radiation in phenolic compounds of terere beverage in the doses of 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 kGy. The observed results do not demonstrate significant alterations in phenolic compounds of terere beverage processed by gamma radiation.

  5. Semi-volatile compounds variation among Brazilian populations of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Luis Cansian

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available The use of compressed carbon towards extracting semi-volatile compounds present in maté leaves (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. is due to the growing interest in mate constituents to develop new products in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The objective of this work was to assess the chemical distribution of semi-volatile compounds in 20 native populations of maté collected all over Brazil. The extracts of bulk samples (30 plants of each population were obtained by the high-pressure carbon dioxide extraction technique, and analyzed by GC/MSD. The quantification of compounds (caffeine, theobromine, phytol, squalene, vitamin E, eicosane, pentatriacontane, and stigmasterol showed significant variations within the different populations and compounds analyzed, which are not related to geographical origin or macroclimate characteristics. The results pointed out to the importance of genetic and local environmental factors on the chemical composition of this species.A extração empregando dióxido de carbono a altas pressões em erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil., tem sido justificada pelo crescente interesse desta matriz vegetal ou de parte de seus constituintes na formulação de novos produtos, tais como cosméticos e medicamentos, entre outros. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a distribuição química de compostos semi-voláteis em 20 populações de erva-mate coletadas em toda área de distribuição desta espécie no Brasil. 30 plantas foram selecionadas para produzir a amostra de cada população. Os extratos de cada amostra foram obtidos por extração com dióxido de carbono a alta pressão e, posteriormente, foram analisados por CG/EM. A quantificação de alguns compostos semi-voláteis presentes nos extratos (cafeína, teobromina, fitol, esqualeno, vitamina E, eicosano, pentatriacontano e stigmasterol, apresentaram variações significativas entre as concentrações dos diferentes compostos

  6. Nota científica: perfil bioquímico de ratos alimentados com iogurte contendo extrato de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil Scientific Note: biochemical profile of rats fed yogurt containing yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil extract

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franciele Taís Ril

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do iogurte contendo extrato de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis e com/sem culturas probióticas sobre o perfil lipídico, glicêmico, hepático e renal de ratos alimentados com esses tipos de iogurtes. Ratos da linhagem Wistar (42 foram divididos em três grupos (n=14, e receberam iogurte sem extrato de erva-mate, iogurte com extrato de erva-mate 0,1% e iogurte com extrato de erva-mate 0,1% e culturas probióticas, durante 30 dias. Não foi observado no presente estudo efeito significativo do extrato de erva-mate sobre os níveis de colesterol total, colesterol HDL, triglicerídeos, uréia, ácido úrico, creatinina, glicose e na atividade das enzimas fosfatase alcalina, aspartato aminotransferase e alanina aminotransferase. O extrato de erva-mate, 0,1% no iogurte, não interfere no metabolismo de ratos alimentados por 30 dias.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of yoghurt containing yerba-mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis, with and without probiotic cultures, on the lipidic, glycemic, hepatic and kidney profiles of rats fed these types of yoghurt. Wistar rats (42 were divided into three groups (n=14 and for 30 days were fed yoghurt without yerba-mate extract, yoghurt with 0.1% yerba-mate extract and yoghurt with 0.1% yerba-mate extract and probiotic cultures. No significant effect of the yerba mate extract on the levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, uric acid, creatinine, glucose and the activity of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase was observed in the present study. The addition of 0.1% yerba mate extract to the yoghurt did not interfere with the metabolism of the rats during 30 days.

  7. Effect of erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae on serum cholesterol, triacylglycerides and glucose in Wistar rats fed a diet supplemented with fat and sugar Efeito da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae sobre o colesterol, triacilglicerídeos e glucose em ratos Wistar com dieta alimentar suplementada com lipídeos e glicídeos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franciele Przygodda

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae, is a species native to the subtropical and temperate regions of South America, used in beverages prepared by infusion such as teas, chimarrão and tererê. To investigate the physiological effects of I. paraguariensis on the metabolism of fats and sugars in Wistar rats, following the ingestion of erva-mate tea, four experimental groups were constructed: Lipid Control Group (receiving water and high-fat diet; Lipid Tea Group (extract of I. paraguariensis and high-fat diet; the Sugar Control Group (water and high-sugar diet; and Sugar Tea Group (extract of I. paraguariensis and high-sugar diet. The animals received their particular diet for 60 days, and were weighed weekly. After this period, the plasma concentrations of cholesterol, glucose and triacylglycerides were determined, together with the weight of visceral fat. The data were subjected to statistical analysis with a significance level of pIlex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae, é uma espécie nativa das regiões subtropicais e temperadas da América do Sul, usada em bebidas por infusão como chá, chimarrão e tererê. Para verificar os efeitos fisiológicos que a I. paraguariensis pode causar sobre o metabolismo de lipídeos e glicídeos em ratos Wistar, após a ingestão de chá de erva-mate, analisou-se quatro grupos experimentais: Grupo Lipídeo Controle (receberam água e dieta hiperlipídica; Grupo Lipídeo Ingestão (extrato de I. paraguariensis e dieta hiperlipídica; Grupo Glicídeo Controle (receberam água e dieta hiperglicídica; e Grupo Glicídeo Ingestão (extrato de I. paraguariensis e dieta hiperglicídica. Os animais receberam a dieta por 60 dias, de acordo com o grupo que pertenciam, sendo pesados semanalmente. Após esse período, foram avaliadas as concentrações de colesterol, glicose e triacilglicerídeos sanguíneos, e ainda, peso da gordura visceral. Os dados foram analisados estatísticamente. O nível de

  8. Effect of erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae on serum cholesterol, triacylglycerides and glucose in Wistar rats fed a diet supplemented with fat and sugar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Franciele Przygodda

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae, is a species native to the subtropical and temperate regions of South America, used in beverages prepared by infusion such as teas, chimarrão and tererê. To investigate the physiological effects of I. paraguariensis on the metabolism of fats and sugars in Wistar rats, following the ingestion of erva-mate tea, four experimental groups were constructed: Lipid Control Group (receiving water and high-fat diet; Lipid Tea Group (extract of I. paraguariensis and high-fat diet; the Sugar Control Group (water and high-sugar diet; and Sugar Tea Group (extract of I. paraguariensis and high-sugar diet. The animals received their particular diet for 60 days, and were weighed weekly. After this period, the plasma concentrations of cholesterol, glucose and triacylglycerides were determined, together with the weight of visceral fat. The data were subjected to statistical analysis with a significance level of p<0.05. The results show that the ingestion of erva-mate affected body weight, visceral fat and plasma glucose, cholesterol and triacylglyceride levels.

  9. Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons throughout the processing stages of erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vieira, Manoela Alano; Maraschin, Marcelo; Rovaris, Angela Angeloni; Amboni, Renata Dias de Mello Castanho; Pagliosa, Cristiane Manfé; Xavier, José Júnior Mendonca; Amante, Edna Regina

    2010-06-01

    The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is believed to be due to the degradation of mate compounds and the burning of wood during the "sapeco" (rapid drying process) and the final drying steps, which are the most important processing stages in mate production. Due to the high toxicity of these compounds, studies on their presence in mate are extremely important. The aim of this study was to evaluate PAH levels in mate throughout the processing stages of its production. The PAHs were measured in samples collected at different stages of mate processing. Total PAHs content ranged widely (443-9001 microg/kg) in the samples, with the highest PAHs levels recorded during the mate drying step. The results indicate that the processing method currently used in mate production may lead to an increase in PAHs levels in the final product.

  10. Bioactive compounds content of chimarrão infusions related to the moisture of yerba maté (Ilex Paraguariensis leaves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Deborah H. M. Bastos

    2006-05-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the processing stages of yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis on the moisture content of the leaves and the efficiency of the aqueous extraction of some bioactive substances. Samples of yerba maté were analyzed for caffeine, phenolic acids (caffeic acid, 5-caffeoilquinic acid and flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin by HPLC equipped with a diode array detector. Processing widely influenced the caffeine and 5-caffeoilquinic acid content of the aqueous extract (p A erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis é a matéria prima para três tipos de bebidas largamente consumidas na América do Sul. Substâncias bioativas presentes neste produto como a cafeína e os ácidos clorogênicos têm recebido especial atenção da comunidade científica. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o efeito do processamento da erva mate no teor de umidade das folhas e a eficiência da extração aquosa de algumas substâncias bioativas. Amostras de erva mate coletadas no Paraná, Brasil foram objeto deste estudo. Cafeína, ácidos fenólicos (ácido cafeico e ácido 5-cafeoilquinico e flavonóides (quercitina, miricetina e caempferol foram analisados por HPLC equipado com detector de arranjo de diodos. Os teores de ácido 5-cafeoilquinico e cafeína do extrato aquoso variam em função da etapa do processamento (p0,9. O ácido cafeico foi determinado em 45% das infusões obtidas das folhas secas e quercitina, miricetina e caempferol não foram detectados nesses extratos.

  11. Chemical composition of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. under different management conditions in seven localities of Paraná State

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Bruno Reissmann

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (erva-mate, the mate tea, is a forest tree whose natural distribution in the Brazilian territory embraces the States of Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. Its economical importance is moreover related to tea production. The purpose of this study is to characterize the leaf chemical composition in relation to different plantation and management conditions. Chemical analysis were performed on plants of different ages,in naturally occurring areas, planted stands, and seedbeds. The most remarkable elements observed in the study were P with average values ranging from 0,5 - 3,2 g kg-1 D.W., Mn values from 346 - 3.330 mg kg-1 D.W., and Al values from 167 - 1.235 mg kg-1 D.W.A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil., no Brasil, distribui-se nos Estados do Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Sua importância econômica refere-se basicamente à produção do chá e chimarrão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a composição química foliar de acordo com diferentes sistemas de plantio e manejo. A análise química foi efetuada em plantas de diversas idades e sob condições distintas de manejo, ou seja, ocorrência natural, plantios e viveiros. Os elementos que mais chamaram a atenção, neste estudo, foram o P, cujos teores variaram de 0,5 - 3,2 g kg-1 M.S.; Mn de 346-3330 mg kg-1 M.S. e Al de 167-1235 mg kg-1 M.S.

  12. INDIRECT AND EXPEDITE ASSESSMENT OF Ilex paraguariensis COMMERCIAL YIELD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivar Wendling

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Commercial biomass production is one of the main indicators for selecting erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis progenies and clones. Traditional techniques to obtain such information depend on the harvesting of trees and there are some limitations involved, such as high cost and reduced convenience. Thus, in our research we evaluated the efficiency of indirect methods through commercial biomass estimation and score of productivity according to the different provenances, gender and morphotypes. In a provenances and progenies trial installed in 1997, two methodologies of visual analysis were evaluated in August 2015 (two years after the last harvest. For that reason, five expert evaluators determined, for each plant, an estimate of the commercial biomass (kg, and a grade, based on a score of productivity (0-10. In order to assess the productivity using traditional techniques, all plants were pruned and their commercial biomass (leaves and fine branches smaller than 7 mm diameter were harvested and weighed (kg.plant-1. The evaluations were performed in a randomized-block experiment with five repetitions, seven different provenances and 126 progenies, totaling 5,292 evaluated plants. The methods utilized were effective to estimate the commercial biomass. The evaluators showed accuracy, expressing efficiently the largest productivity obtained when comparing the means of provenances, plants gender and morphotypes. The highest correlations were observed in the general analysis of the means, and the estimation of commercial biomass was considered the best methodology for estimating the commercial biomass assessed in adult erva-mate plants.

  13. Nota científica: perfil bioquímico de ratos alimentados com iogurte contendo extrato de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil)

    OpenAIRE

    Ril,Franciele Taís; Loch,Camila Ronsoni; Valduga,Alice Teresa; Macedo,Sandra Manoela Dias; Cichoski,Alexandre José

    2011-01-01

    Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do iogurte contendo extrato de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) e com/sem culturas probióticas sobre o perfil lipídico, glicêmico, hepático e renal de ratos alimentados com esses tipos de iogurtes. Ratos da linhagem Wistar (42) foram divididos em três grupos (n=14), e receberam iogurte sem extrato de erva-mate, iogurte com extrato de erva-mate 0,1% e iogurte com extrato de erva-mate 0,1% e culturas probióticas, durante 30 dias. Não foi observado ...

  14. Chemical composition of mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis): a study of extraction methods.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Assis Jacques, Rosângela; dos Santos Freitas, Lisiane; Flores Peres, Valéria; Dariva, Cláudio; de Oliveira, José Vladimir; Bastos Caramão, Elina

    2006-12-01

    The objective of this work was to investigate the extraction of Ilex paraguariensis leaves by means of three extraction techniques: pressurized liquid extraction (PLE, also called accelerated solvent extraction--ASE), maceration, and sonication. Samples of mate tea leaves were collected from an experiment conducted under agronomic control at Indfistria e Comércio de Erva-Mate Barão LTDA, Brazil. Six solvents with increasing polarities (n-hexane, toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol) were used in this investigation. Chemical analysis of the extracts was performed by GC coupled with a mass spectrometer detector. The identification and quantification were accomplished by coinjections of certified standards. The results showed that no significant differences in the qualities of the extracts were noticed regarding the extraction methods. On the other hand, the PLE technique was found to be more effective for the extractions of caffeine, phytol, palmitic, and stearic acid. The use of PLE led to a significant decrease in the total extraction time, amount of solvent consumption, and manipulation of samples compared to maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods.

  15. Comportamento da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. em consórcio silvicultural.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luisilvio Pes

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 O presente trabalho foi realizado no Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e teve por objetivo determinar o comportamento da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. cultivada em sistema de consórcio silvicultural. A metodologia adotada constituiu-se da implantação de três tratamentos, correspondentes aos sistemas de consórcio erva-mata x Pinus sp., erva-mate x bracatinga e erva-mate x capoeira. A análise dos resultados levou às seguintes conclusões: os melhores resultados de desenvolvimento da erva-mate são obtidos nos consórcios com bracatinga e Pins sp. e, o pior, na caopeira; as variações externas dos fatores do meio são amenizadas pelas outras espécies do consórcio; índices elevados de luminosidade não promovem maior produção de matéria seca, nem os índices muito baixos.

  16. Development and evaluation of tablets from spray dried extract of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil A

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana Roman

    Full Text Available Introduction: yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil A is a South American plant species of Aquifoliaceae family. The presence of methylxanhtines and clorogenic acids was reported in this species. These compounds have antioxidant activity and could be included in tablets, a pharmaceutical form presently unavailable in the market. Objective: to develop tablets containing yerba mate spray dried extract. Methods: the tablets were produced by direct compression with yerba mate dried extract. The dried extract was evaluated for yield, repose angle, compressibility index, residual moisture and caffeine content. The tablets were evaluated in the following parameters: external appearance, weight, hardness, friability, disintegration and caffeine content. Results: the tablets complied with the general pharmacopoeial specifications. Conclusions: this method is effective to produce tablets containing spray dried extract from yerba mate.

  17. Atividade anticonvulsivante e antioxidante de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis, St. Hil.) orgânica e convencional e seu efeito sobre o comportamento de ratos wistar

    OpenAIRE

    Branco, Catia dos Santos

    2012-01-01

    A epilepsia é uma das mais comuns e sérias desordens neurológicas. Caracteriza-se pela ocorrência de crises convulsivas, as quais podem aumentar a geração de espécies reativas, desequilibrando o metabolismo redox dos pacientes epiléticos e aumentando a incidência de doenças associadas ao estresse oxidativo. Estudos têm mostrado que alguns polifenóis podem apresentar atividade anticonvulsivante em modelo animal de epilepsia. A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) é uma planta rica em...

  18. A produção da erva mate (ilex paraguariensis) no contexto da agricultura familiar no município de Cruz Machado-PR

    OpenAIRE

    Vanderlei Marinheski

    2017-01-01

    A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral avaliar participação da erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis) no contexto econômico do Município de Cruz Machado no estado do Paraná, suas perspectivas de desenvolvimento local e geração de renda no sistema de agricultura familiar. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e consulta on line nos principais órgão e secretárias, mais o trabalho de campo com a averiguação de algumas propriedades rurais do município de Cruz Machado. Nos sistemas de agricul...

  19. Exploring the genes of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. by NGS and de novo transcriptome assembly.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Humberto J Debat

    Full Text Available Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. is an important subtropical tree crop cultivated on 326,000 ha in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, with a total yield production of more than 1,000,000 t. Yerba mate presents a strong limitation regarding sequence information. The NCBI GenBank lacks an EST database of yerba mate and depicts only 80 DNA sequences, mostly uncharacterized. In this scenario, in order to elucidate the yerba mate gene landscape by means of NGS, we explored and discovered a vast collection of I. paraguariensis transcripts. Total RNA from I. paraguariensis was sequenced by Illumina HiSeq-2000 obtaining 72,031,388 pair-end 100 bp sequences. High quality reads were de novo assembled into 44,907 transcripts encompassing 40 million bases with an estimated coverage of 180X. Multiple sequence analysis allowed us to predict that yerba mate contains ∼ 32,355 genes and 12,551 gene variants or isoforms. We identified and categorized members of more than 100 metabolic pathways. Overall, we have identified ∼ 1,000 putative transcription factors, genes involved in heat and oxidative stress, pathogen response, as well as disease resistance and hormone response. We have also identified, based in sequence homology searches, novel transcripts related to osmotic, drought, salinity and cold stress, senescence and early flowering. We have also pinpointed several members of the gene silencing pathway, and characterized the silencing effector Argonaute1. We predicted a diverse supply of putative microRNA precursors involved in developmental processes. We present here the first draft of the transcribed genomes of the yerba mate chloroplast and mitochondrion. The putative sequence and predicted structure of the caffeine synthase of yerba mate is presented. Moreover, we provide a collection of over 10,800 SSR accessible to the scientific community interested in yerba mate genetic improvement. This contribution broadly expands the limited knowledge

  20. Exploring the Genes of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) by NGS and De Novo Transcriptome Assembly

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aguilera, Patricia M.; Bubillo, Rosana E.; Otegui, Mónica B.; Ducasse, Daniel A.; Zapata, Pedro D.; Marti, Dardo A.

    2014-01-01

    Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) is an important subtropical tree crop cultivated on 326,000 ha in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, with a total yield production of more than 1,000,000 t. Yerba mate presents a strong limitation regarding sequence information. The NCBI GenBank lacks an EST database of yerba mate and depicts only 80 DNA sequences, mostly uncharacterized. In this scenario, in order to elucidate the yerba mate gene landscape by means of NGS, we explored and discovered a vast collection of I. paraguariensis transcripts. Total RNA from I. paraguariensis was sequenced by Illumina HiSeq-2000 obtaining 72,031,388 pair-end 100 bp sequences. High quality reads were de novo assembled into 44,907 transcripts encompassing 40 million bases with an estimated coverage of 180X. Multiple sequence analysis allowed us to predict that yerba mate contains ∼32,355 genes and 12,551 gene variants or isoforms. We identified and categorized members of more than 100 metabolic pathways. Overall, we have identified ∼1,000 putative transcription factors, genes involved in heat and oxidative stress, pathogen response, as well as disease resistance and hormone response. We have also identified, based in sequence homology searches, novel transcripts related to osmotic, drought, salinity and cold stress, senescence and early flowering. We have also pinpointed several members of the gene silencing pathway, and characterized the silencing effector Argonaute1. We predicted a diverse supply of putative microRNA precursors involved in developmental processes. We present here the first draft of the transcribed genomes of the yerba mate chloroplast and mitochondrion. The putative sequence and predicted structure of the caffeine synthase of yerba mate is presented. Moreover, we provide a collection of over 10,800 SSR accessible to the scientific community interested in yerba mate genetic improvement. This contribution broadly expands the limited knowledge of yerba mate genes

  1. Dinâmica da Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze. e Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. em duas florestas de araucária no estado do Paraná, Brasil / Dynamic of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. Ktze. e Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. in two araucária forest located in the state of Paraná, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geise de Góes Canalez

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, estudaram-se o crescimento volumétrico, a mortalidade e o recrutamento das espécies Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. e Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze em duas florestas de araucária localizadas no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em 4 parcelas permanentes, no município de São João do Triunfo e 8 nos municípios de General Carneiro e Coronel Domingos Soares, medidas a partir de 1998, todas com 1,00 hectare cada, exceto uma com 0,5 hectare em São João do Triunfo. As espécies foram analisadas por meio de indicadores estruturais e dinâmicos: IVI, abundância, área basal, volume, distribuição diamétrica, distribuição espacial, recrutamento, mortalidade e incrementos. Os resultados demonstraram que em sete anos de dinâmica estrutural a espécie Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze, teve decréscimo acentuado na sua posição de importância na comunidade já a espécie Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil., de maneira geral, manteve seu IVI nas comunidades. Observou-se na comunidade de São João do Triunfo, a espécie Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. O. Ktze, passa por una diminuição de densidade, porque a mortalidade está sendo maior que o recrutamento, entretanto na área de General Carneiro o quadro é inverso, está ocorrendo um aumento na densidade total para a espécie. Já para a Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil., a densidade tem aumentado gradativamente. Assim, evidenciou-se que as duas florestas, com relação às duas espécies analisadas, apresentaram comportamentos diferentes em termos de recrutamento, mortalidade e crescimento volumétrico e a provável causa para isso tenha sido a diferença no histórico de exploração no passado, bem como outros fatores relacionados ao sítio. A área de General Carneiro e Coronel Domingos Soares apresentou maior crescimento para estas duas espécies que a área de São João do Triunfo, com valor incremento volumétrico periódico anual (IPA vol médio de 2

  2. Optimization of the Extraction of Antioxidants and Caffeine from Maté (Ilex paraguariensis Leaves by Response Surface Methodology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanessa Graciela Hartwig

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Optimal conditions for the industrial extraction of total polyphenols from maté (Ilex paraguariensis were determined using response surface methodology, with two independent variables: ethanol percentage of the extraction solution and liquid to solid ratio. Response variables were total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, concentration of total polyphenols and caffeine content. The optimal conditions found were a liquid to solid ratio from 8 - 9 w w-1 and ethanol percentage of the extraction solution from 30 -50 % w w-1. Under these conditions the main predicted values corresponding to leaf extracts were 40 μg chlorogenic acid equivalents mL-1 of original extract, 13 g chlorogenic acid equivalents per 100 g dry matter for total polyphenol content, 22 g Trolox equivalents and 15.5 g ascorbic acid equivalents per 100 g dry matter for antioxidant capacity. The total polyphenol content of twig extracts was 36% lower than that in the leaf extracts.

  3. Effect of 60Co radiation processing in mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Furgeri, Camilo

    2009-01-01

    The mate (Ilex paraguariensis), a native species from South America, is mainly consumed as typical beverage called chimarrao and terere. An important problem that has been afflicting this product since a long time is its natural fungal contamination responsible to affect its physical, health and nutritional qualities. In order to improve this product quality, radiation processing can be effective in reducing pathogens levels, with minimal nutritional and sensory changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gamma radiation from 60 Co at doses 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 kGy in reducing fungal contamination in mate, as well as analyze its nutritional and sensory characteristics. The following methodologies were applied: analysis of yeast and mold, total phenolic compounds analysis, antioxidant analysis, quantification of phenolic compounds and xanthines by liquid chromatography and sensory analysis. Microbiological analysis showed a decreasing molds and yeasts growth with increasing radiation doses. Regardless of the radiation dose applied there were no decrease of total phenolic compounds in both infusions. Chimarrao samples irradiated with 7 and 10 kGy showed a decrease in the DPPH radical-scavenger activity, nevertheless for terere samples, there were no significant difference. Chimarrao chromatographic profile did not show a variation on xanthines quantification, however a 10 kGy radiation dose caused a change to phenolic compounds quantitative profile. Terere samples did not show any significant difference to any analyzed compounds. Sensory analysis did not exhibit a significant difference between irradiated and non irradiated chimarrao samples, as well as between irradiated and non irradiated terere samples. It could be concluded that gamma radiation processing of mate may be a feasible alternative to industry, since there was a reduction on fungal contamination, without changes in sensory qualities and with minimum alterations in quantitative and

  4. Effect of 60CO radiation processing in mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Furgeri, Camilo

    2009-01-01

    The mate (Ilex paraguariensis), a native species from South America, is mainly consumed as typical beverage called chimarrao and terere. An important problem that has been afflicting this product since a long time is its natural fungal contamination responsible to affect its physical, health and nutritional qualities. In order to improve this product quality, radiation processing can be effective in reducing pathogens levels, with minimal nutritional and sensory changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gamma radiation from 60 Co at doses 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10kGy in reducing fungal contamination in mate, as well as analyze its nutritional and sensory characteristics. The following methodologies were applied: analysis of yeast and mold, total phenolic compounds analysis, antioxidant analysis, quantification of phenolic compounds and xanthines by liquid chromatography and sensory analysis. Microbiological analysis showed a decreasing molds and yeasts growth with increasing radiation doses. Regardless of the radiation dose applied there were no decrease of total phenolic compounds in both infusions. Chimarrao samples irradiated with 7 and 10kGy showed a decrease in the DPPH radical-scavenger activity, nevertheless for terere samples, there were no significant difference. Chimarrao chromatographic profile did not show a variation on xanthines quantification, however a 10kGy radiation dose caused a change to phenolic compounds quantitative profile. Terere samples did not show any significant difference to any analyzed compounds. Sensory analysis did not exhibit a significant difference between irradiated and non irradiated chimarrao samples, as well as between irradiated and non irradiated terere samples. It could be concluded that gamma radiation processing of mate may be a feasible alternative to industry, since there was a reduction on fungal contamination, without changes in sensory qualities and with minimum alterations in quantitative and

  5. Effect of {sup 60}CO radiation processing in mate (Ilex paraguariensis); Efeito do processamento por radiacao de {sup 60}CO na erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Furgeri, Camilo

    2009-07-01

    The mate (Ilex paraguariensis), a native species from South America, is mainly consumed as typical beverage called chimarrao and terere. An important problem that has been afflicting this product since a long time is its natural fungal contamination responsible to affect its physical, health and nutritional qualities. In order to improve this product quality, radiation processing can be effective in reducing pathogens levels, with minimal nutritional and sensory changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gamma radiation from {sup 60}Co at doses 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10kGy in reducing fungal contamination in mate, as well as analyze its nutritional and sensory characteristics. The following methodologies were applied: analysis of yeast and mold, total phenolic compounds analysis, antioxidant analysis, quantification of phenolic compounds and xanthines by liquid chromatography and sensory analysis. Microbiological analysis showed a decreasing molds and yeasts growth with increasing radiation doses. Regardless of the radiation dose applied there were no decrease of total phenolic compounds in both infusions. Chimarrao samples irradiated with 7 and 10kGy showed a decrease in the DPPH radical-scavenger activity, nevertheless for terere samples, there were no significant difference. Chimarrao chromatographic profile did not show a variation on xanthines quantification, however a 10kGy radiation dose caused a change to phenolic compounds quantitative profile. Terere samples did not show any significant difference to any analyzed compounds. Sensory analysis did not exhibit a significant difference between irradiated and non irradiated chimarrao samples, as well as between irradiated and non irradiated terere samples. It could be concluded that gamma radiation processing of mate may be a feasible alternative to industry, since there was a reduction on fungal contamination, without changes in sensory qualities and with minimum alterations in quantitative

  6. Seleção de matrizes e tipo de propágulo na enxertia de substituição de copa em Ilex paraguariensis Stock plants selection and ramet types for crown grafting in Ilex paraguariensis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivar Wendling

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivou-se avaliar a técnica da sobreenxertia em Ilex paraguariensis, visando a substituição de copas. Para tanto, foi avaliada a influência da posição do enxerto na planta matriz, a idade e a matriz, bem como, a definição da melhor época para avaliação do pegamento e vigor dos enxertos. Árvores com 13 anos de idade localizadas em Colombo - PR, foram submetidas ao corte a 10 cm do solo para indução de brotações, sobre as quais foi realizada a enxertia por garfagem no topo em fenda cheia. Os enxertos foram coletados de sete árvores matrizes com idade de 10 anos e sete árvores com idade acima de 80 anos. Das matrizes selecionadas foram retirados enxertos observando-se a posição apical, mediana e basal dentro da planta matriz. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três repetições e 42 tratamentos, no esquema fatorial hierárquico 2 x 7 x 3 (duas idades; 7 matrizes, para cada idade; e 3 posições de coleta. A variável resposta de interesse foi proporção de pegamentos e número e comprimento de brotos. Obteve-se um comportamento diferenciado das matrizes quando amostradas em diferentes posições de coleta. A herdabilidade individual dos efeitos genotípicos, estimada para o pegamento dos enxertos, foi superior a 74%, para todos os períodos de avaliação, cujo valor é considerado alto. O coeficiente de variação genética foi da ordem de 34%, para os períodos de acompanhamento iguais ou superiores a 90 dias, indicando boas perspectivas de ganho no melhoramento do material genético. O coeficiente de variação experimental, nesse mesmo período, ficou entre 78% e 94%. Não houve diferenças entre os parâmetros genéticos a partir dos 90 dias. Pode-se concluir que a sobreenxertia de erva-mate diretamente a campo é tecnicamente viável; melhores taxas de pegamento são obtidas em árvores mais novas e com brotações apicais; e as matrizes apresentam respostas diferenciadas quanto

  7. Classification of Ilex species based on metabolomic fingerprinting using nuclear magnetic resonance and multivariate data analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Young Hae; Sertic, Sarah; Kim, Hye Kyong; Wilson, Erica G; Michopoulos, Filippos; Lefeber, Alfons W M; Erkelens, Cornelis; Prat Kricun, Sergio D; Verpoorte, Robert

    2005-02-23

    The metabolomic analysis of 11 Ilex species, I. argentina, I. brasiliensis, I. brevicuspis, I. dumosavar. dumosa, I. dumosa var. guaranina, I. integerrima, I. microdonta, I. paraguariensis var. paraguariensis, I. pseudobuxus, I. taubertiana, and I. theezans, was carried out by NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. The analysis using principal component analysis and classification of the (1)H NMR spectra showed a clear discrimination of those samples based on the metabolites present in the organic and aqueous fractions. The major metabolites that contribute to the discrimination are arbutin, caffeine, phenylpropanoids, and theobromine. Among those metabolites, arbutin, which has not been reported yet as a constituent of Ilex species, was found to be a biomarker for I. argentina,I. brasiliensis, I. brevicuspis, I. integerrima, I. microdonta, I. pseudobuxus, I. taubertiana, and I. theezans. This reliable method based on the determination of a large number of metabolites makes the chemotaxonomical analysis of Ilex species possible.

  8. Saponinas dos frutos de ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (mate) : desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica, estudos físico-químico e biológico

    OpenAIRE

    Maria Paula Garofo Peixoto

    2009-01-01

    O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a avaliação físico-química e biológica de uma fração de saponinas enriquecida, obtida a partir de frutos verdes de Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil (mate). A espécie apresenta grande importância econômica para vários países sul-americanos, dentre eles o Brasil. Os frutos verdes da espécie acumulam significativa quantidade de saponinas, entretanto, são considerados subproduto da indústria do beneficiamento das folhas de mate. O extrato liofilizado dos frutos...

  9. Mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) improves bone formation in the alveolar socket healing after tooth extraction in rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Brasilino, Matheus da Silva; Stringhetta-Garcia, Camila Tami; Pereira, Camila Scacco; Pereira, Ariana Aparecida Ferreira; Stringhetta, Karina; Leopoldino, Andréia Machado; Crivelini, Marcelo Macedo; Ervolino, Edilson; Dornelles, Rita Cássia Menegati; de Melo Stevanato Nakamune, Ana Cláudia; Chaves-Neto, Antonio Hernandes

    2018-04-01

    The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mate tea (MT) [Ilex paraguariensis] on alveolar socket healing after tooth extraction. Sixteen male rats were divided into MT and control groups. MT was administered by intragastric gavage at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 28 days before and 28 days after right maxillary incisor extraction. The control group received an equal volume of water. Histopathological and histometric analysis of the neoformed bone area and osteocyte density were performed, as well as immunohistochemical analysis of osteocalcin (OCN), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in the alveolar socket. Calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in plasma, whereas TRAP activity was determined in serum. Histometry evidenced an increase in bone area (P alveolar socket healing on day 28 after tooth extraction. Regular MT ingestion improves the antioxidant defenses and bone formation, which is beneficial for alveolar socket bone healing after tooth extraction.

  10. A Botanical Composition from Morus alba, Ilex paraguariensis, and Rosmarinus officinalis for Body Weight Management.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yimam, Mesfin; Jiao, Ping; Hong, Mei; Brownell, Lidia; Lee, Young-Chul; Kim, Hyun-Jin; Nam, Jeong-Bum; Kim, Mi-Ran; Jia, Qi

    2017-11-01

    Obesity is the largest and fastest growing public health catastrophe in the world affecting both adults and children with a prevalence impacting more than one-third of United States (US) adult population. Although the long-term solution lies in lifestyle changes in the form of dieting and exercise, intervention is required for those who are already obese. Unfortunately, treatment options remain quite limited due to associated side effects of conventional therapeutics. As a natural alternative, in this study we describe the beneficial effect of a standardized composition (UP603) comprised of extracts from Morus alba, Ilex paraguariensis, and Rosmarinus officinalis in improving metabolic disorders in high fat diet (HFD) and high fat & high fructose diet (HFFD) induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Mice treated with UP603 showed dose-correlated decrease in body weight gains compared to vehicle treated HFFD group. Following 7 weeks of treatment, the changes in body weight gains from baseline were found as 6.4%, 27.3%, 2.0%, 3.1%, 0.4%, and -2.9% for normal control diet, HFFD, Orlistat, 450, 650, and 850 mg/kg UP603 treated animals, respectively. Reductions of 7.9-21.1% in total cholesterol, 25.4-44.6% in triglyceride, and 22.5-38.2% in low-density lipoprotein were observed for mice treated with 450-850 mg/kg of UP603. In a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, percentage body fat of 18.9%, 47.8%, 46.1%, and 40.4% were found for mice treated with normal control, HFD, Orlistat, and UP603, respectively. Reductions of 65.5% and 16.4% in insulin and leptin, respectively, and 2.1-fold increase in ghrelin level were also observed for the UP603 group. Statistically significant improvements in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis scores were also observed from liver histology for mice treated with UP603. Hence, UP603, a standardized botanical composition from M. alba, I. paraguariensis, and R. officinalis could potentially be considered as a natural alternative to maintain healthy body

  11. SURVIVAL AND VEGETATIVE VIGOR OF Ilex paraguariensis A. St.- Hil. PLANTS GRAFTED DIRECTLY IN THE FIELD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danilo Martin Domingos

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available The present work aimed to evaluate the survival and the vegetative vigor of adult selected genetic material of Ilex paraguariensis A.St.- Hil. grafted directly in the field. The grafting was accomplished in approximately 3 year-old understocks, and the material collected was close to the base of two selected trees with around 70 years old. The grafting method used was the top cleft, in which 48 plants were grafted with material of each one of the two plus trees. The survival data were obtained at 60 and 90 days after the grafting, and of growth (amount and total length of sprouts at 90 and 120 days after the grafting. It could be concluded that: there was a decrease in the survival of the grafts in function of the number of days after the grafting; the used plus trees presented different behaviors in the survival percentage; the surviving grafts plants demonstrated a good growth vigor. It is presupposed that the low percentile of success (about of 40% is linked to the high physiologic age of the plus trees, besides less favorable environmental conditions when compared with the grafting in the nursery.

  12. Enraizamento de estacas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hill. provenientes de brotações rejuvenescidas Rooting of "erva-mate" (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hill. cuttings from rejuvenated sprouts

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Bitencourt

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hill. é espécie nativa da América do Sul, de grande importância econômica devido a seu consumo na forma de chás e também vem sendo amplamente estudada nas áreas de farmacologia e biotecnologia. No entanto, tem baixo capacidade de propagação, seja ela sexuada ou assexuada. Um dos principais efeitos da maturação é a perda da capacidade de enraizamento, desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos observar a influência do rejuvenescimento e aplicação de ácido indol butírico (IBA no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de erva-mate. Foram confeccionadas estacas a partir de brotações do ano de árvores de 13 anos, assim como de brotos rejuvenescidos, obtidos da decepa de árvores com 17 anos. As estacas foram tratadas com IBA em solução nas seguintes concentrações: 0, 1500, 3000, 4500 e 6000 mg L-1, resultando em 5 tratamentos para cada tipo de estaca. O plantio foi realizado em caixas plásticas preenchidas com vermiculita e casca-de-arroz carbonizada na proporção de 1:1 e após 90 dias em casa-de-vegetação, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, número de raízes/estaca, comprimento das 3 maiores raízes/estaca, porcentagem de estacas vivas, com calos e mortas. A análise estatística mostrou que o material rejuvenescido apresentou os melhores resultados quanto à porcentagem de estacas enraizadas, assim como de número e comprimento de raízes. Já a aplicação da auxina sintética não influenciou no enraizamento das estacas de nenhum dos dois tipos, de modo que os tratamentos com IBA não diferiram entre si estatisticamente."Erva-mate" (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hill. is native to South America and has great economic importance due to its consumption as tea; it has also been studied in pharmacology and biotechnology. However, this species has low propagation ability, either sexually or not. One of the main effects of maturation is

  13. EFEITO DE Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. e Coffea arabica L. SOBRE O CRESCIMENTO DE Fonsecaea pedrosoi ATCC 46428

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria Lucia Scroferneker

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho avaliou o efeito de extratos aquosos de Ilex paraguariensis (erva-mate e Coffea arabica (café em ágar Sabouraud dextrose no crescimento de Fonsecaea pedrosoi ATCC 46428. F. pedrosoi foi cultivada em placas de Petri contendo ágar Sabouraud dextrose suplementado com extratos aquosos derivados de 0,5; 1; 2; 3; 4 e 5g de pó de erva-mate ou de café fervidos em 100ml de água destilada por 30 min. Os diâmetros das colônias do fungo foram determinados após 7 dias. A incorporação dos extratos de erva-mate ou café no meio de crescimento não causou diferenças significativas no crescimento radial de F. pedrosoi ATCC 46428 comparado ao controle. Entretanto, estudos sobre o requerimento nutricional são importantes na sistematização do perfil bioquímico, o que pode contribuir na elucidação da bioquímica funcional do microrganismo.

  14. METODOLOGIA PARA A POLINIZAÇÃO CONTROLADA EM Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. - Aquifoliaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valderês Aparecida de Sousa

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. é uma espécie nativa brasileira de grande interesse econômico. Programas de melhoramento genético dessa espécie têm visado ao aumento da produtividade de biomassa e qualidade. A polinização controlada permite a combinação de características desejáveis da espécie. Para isso, técnicas adequadas de polinização controlada devem ser disponibilizadas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo definir uma metodologia para a polinização controlada de erva-mate. Para isso, utilizou-se um teste clonal de 15 anos de idade na Embrapa Florestas-Colombo-PR com nove tratamentos em flores de três árvores (repetições. As flores foram polinizadas em novembro de 2010 e os frutos, coletados em março de 2011. Os frutos e sementes produzidos foram quantificados e a viabilidade dos embriões, avaliada pelo teste de tetrazólio. Os dados foram analisados com base no procedimento GLM do programa R. Maior quantidade de frutos e sementes foi observada na polinização controlada comparativamente à polinização livre. Conclui-se que a polinização controlada após a antese dessa espécie deve ser realizada em dois dias consecutivos, para assegurar boa produção de sementes em erva-mate.

  15. of polyphenolic compounds in Ilex Sp.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zwyrzykowska Anna

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available Natural compounds are an important source of desired biological activity which help to improve nutritional status, enhance productivity and bring many health benefits. The leaves of the Ilex paraguariensis (Aquifoliaceae are used for preparing a beverage known as yerba mate and represent a proven source of natural polyphenols which are known to foster biological activity with the emphasis on antioxidant properties. In present work we focused on the polyphenolic content of air-dried leaves of Ilex aquifolium L., Ilex aquifolium ‘Argentea Mariginata’, Ilex meserveae ‘Blue Angel’, and a commercially available mate as the reference product. Liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (HPLC and LC-MS and thin layer chromatography (TLC, were used to establish polyphenolic substances content in aqueous methanolic extracts obtained from the biological matter. Up to 20 polyphenolic compounds were identified in the extracts, including rutin, quinic acid and its caffeoyl esters, i.e. chlorogenic acid and its isomers as well as dicaffeoyl derivatives. We took chlorogenic acid and rutin as reference compounds to quantify their levels in the extracts. It was determined that in all tested plants, high levels of these antioxidants were present. This led us to the conclusion that their leaves might serve as valuable food additives.

  16. Extração rápida de compostos solúveis de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) por ciclos de compressão de descompressão hidrostática

    OpenAIRE

    Kotovicz, Valesca

    2014-01-01

    Resumo: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a cinética de extração sólido-líquido de matéria solúvel das folhas de Ilex paraguariensis assistido por pressão hidrostática pulsada (1:600) e por ondas de ultrassom (47kHz). Um grande conjunto de experimentos foi realizado envolvendo uma mistura de água destilada e folhas de erva-mate trituradas, alimentados em um extrator e mantidos a cerca de 16,7 ºC ± 2,0 ºC. A influência da pressão sobre as concentrações de soluto no equilíbrio e ...

  17. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence applied to the chemical elements analysis of the mate tea infusion (Ilex-paraguariensis); Fluorescencia de raios-X por reflexao total aplicada a analise de elementos quimicos em cha de erva-mate (Ilex-paraguariensis)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopes, Fabio; Appoloni, Carlos R. [Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR (Brazil). Lab. de Fisica Nuclear Aplicada; Cunha, Richard M. da Silva e; Nascimento Filho, Virgilio Franco do [Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Piracicaba, SP (Brazil). Lab. de Instrumentacao Nuclear

    2002-07-01

    The purpose was to evaluate simultaneously the chemical element concentrations from K to Sr (19{<=}Z{<=}38) range in six samples of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) infusion, commercially available in Paraguay and South of Brazil. The chemical analysis of this beverage has a great nutritional importance for the native people of these areas, due to their large daily consumption. For the determination of these elements the dry-ashing and total reflection X-rays fluorescence (TXRF) were used. The methodology showed limits of detection among 81 ng.mL-1 for K to 10 ng.mL{sup -1} for Zn. Six infusion samples were prepared in triplicate, and the concentration was 3,8 to 10,2 {mu}g.mL{sup -1} for K, Ca and Mn, 0,21 to 1,07 {mu}g. mL{sup -1} for Fe and Zn and 0.03 to 0,17 {mu}g.mL{sup -1} for Ni, Cu, Br, Rb and Sr. The Mn and Ni concentrations are above the maximum permissible values for drinking water established by World Health Organization and Brazilian legislation (these organisms do not regulate the maximum permissible values for chemical elements in mate tea infusion). (author)

  18. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence applied to the chemical elements analysis of the mate tea infusion (Ilex-paraguariensis)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopes, Fabio; Appoloni, Carlos R.; Cunha, Richard M. da Silva e; Nascimento Filho, Virgilio Franco do

    2002-01-01

    The purpose was to evaluate simultaneously the chemical element concentrations from K to Sr (19≤Z≤38) range in six samples of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) infusion, commercially available in Paraguay and South of Brazil. The chemical analysis of this beverage has a great nutritional importance for the native people of these areas, due to their large daily consumption. For the determination of these elements the dry-ashing and total reflection X-rays fluorescence (TXRF) were used. The methodology showed limits of detection among 81 ng.mL-1 for K to 10 ng.mL -1 for Zn. Six infusion samples were prepared in triplicate, and the concentration was 3,8 to 10,2 μg.mL -1 for K, Ca and Mn, 0,21 to 1,07 μg. mL -1 for Fe and Zn and 0.03 to 0,17 μg.mL -1 for Ni, Cu, Br, Rb and Sr. The Mn and Ni concentrations are above the maximum permissible values for drinking water established by World Health Organization and Brazilian legislation (these organisms do not regulate the maximum permissible values for chemical elements in mate tea infusion). (author)

  19. Diversity of endophytic fungal and bacterial communities in Ilex paraguariensis grown under field conditions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pérez, María Laura; Collavino, Mónica Mariana; Sansberro, Pedro Alfonso; Mroginski, Luis Amado; Galdeano, Ernestina

    2016-04-01

    The composition and diversity of the endophytic community associated with yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) was investigated using culture-depending methods. Fungi were identified based on their micromorphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence analysis; for bacteria 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used. Fungal and bacterial diversity did not show significant differences between organ age. The highest fungal diversity was registered during fall season and the lowest in winter. Bacterial diversity was higher in stems and increased from summer to winter, in contrast with leaves, which decreased. The most frequently isolated fungus was Fusarium, followed by Colletotrichum; they were both present in all the sampling seasons and organ types assayed. Actinobacteria represented 57.5 % of all bacterial isolates. The most dominant bacterial taxa were Curtobacterium and Microbacterium. Other bacteria frequently found were Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Herbiconiux and Bacillus. Nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization activity, ACC deaminase production and antagonism against plant fungal pathogens were assayed in endophytic bacterial strains. In the case of fungi, strains of Trichoderma, Penicillium and Aspergillus were assayed for antagonism against pathogenic Fusarium sp. All microbial isolates assayed showed at least one growth promoting activity. Strains of Bacillus, Pantoea, Curtobacterium, Methylobacterium, Brevundimonas and Paenibacillus had at least two growth-promoting activities, and Bacillus, Paenibacillus and the three endophytic fungi showed high antagonistic activity against Fusarium sp. In this work we have made a wide study of the culturable endophytic community within yerba mate plants and found that several microbial isolates could be considered as potential inoculants useful for improving yerba mate production.

  20. Influence of drying methods and agronomic variables on the chemical composition of mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) obtained from high-pressure CO2 extraction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jacques, Rosângela Assis; Krause, Laiza Canielas; Freitas, Lisiane dos Santos; Dariva, Cláudio; Oliveira, J Vladimir; Caramão, Elina Bastos

    2007-12-12

    The main objective of this work is to assess the influence of two drying methods (microwave and vacuum oven) and some agronomic variables (plant fertilization conditions and sunlight intensity) on the characteristics of mate tea (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves extracts obtained from high-pressure carbon dioxide extractions performed in the temperature range from 20 to 40 degrees C and from 100 to 250 bar. Samples of mate were collected in an experiment conducted under agronomic control at Ervateira Barão LTDA, Brazil. Chemical distribution of the extracts was evaluated by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer detector (GC/MS). In addition to extraction variables, results showed that both sample drying methods and agronomic conditions exert a pronounced influence on the extraction yield and on the chemical distribution of the extracts.

  1. Genetic diversity of wild germplasm of "yerba mate" (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) from Uruguay.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cascales, Jimena; Bracco, Mariana; Poggio, Lidia; Gottlieb, Alexandra Marina

    2014-12-01

    The "yerba mate" tree, Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil., is a crop native to subtropical South America, marketed for the elaboration of the highly popular "mate" beverage. The Uruguayan germplasm occupies the southernmost area of the species distribution range and carries adaptations to environments that considerably differ from the current production area. We characterized the genetic variability of the germplasm from this unexplored area by jointly analyzing individuals from the diversification center (ABP, Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay) with 19 nuclear and 11 plastidic microsatellite markers. For the Uruguayan germplasm, we registered 55 alleles (18 % private), and 80 genotypes (44 % exclusive), whereas 63 alleles (28.6 % private) and 81 genotypes (42 % exclusive) were recorded for individuals from ABP. Only two plastidic haplotypes were detected. Distance-based and multilocus genotype analyses showed that individuals from ABP intermingle and that the Uruguayan germplasm is differentiated in three gene-pools. Significant positive correlations between genetic and geographic distances were detected. Our results concur in that ABP individuals harbor greater genetic variation than those from the tail of the distribution, as to the number of alleles (1.15-fold), He (1.19-fold), Rs (1.39-fold), and the between-group genetic distances (1.16-fold). Also the shape of the genetic landscape interpolation analysis suggests that the genetic variation decays southward towards the Uruguayan territory. We showed that Uruguayan germplasm hosts a combination of nuclear alleles not present in the central region, constituting a valuable breeding resource. Future conservation efforts should concentrate in collecting numerous individuals of "yerba mate" per site to gather the existent variation.

  2. SOBREVIVÊNCIA E VIGOR VEGETATIVO DE PLANTAS DE ERVA-MATE (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.- Hil. ENXERTADAS DIRETAMENTE A CAMPO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Danilo Martin Domingos

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a sobrevivência e o vigor vegetativo de material genético adulto selecionado de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill enxertado diretamente a campo. A enxertia foi realizada em plantas de aproximadamente 3 anos de idade, sendo o material vegetativo enxertado coletado do terço inferior ou próximo da base de duas árvores selecionadas com a idade estimada em torno de 70 anos. O método de enxertia utilizado foi o de garfagem em fenda cheia, onde foram enxertadas 48 plantas com material de cada uma das duas matrizes. Os dados de sobrevivência foram obtidos aos 60 e 90 dias após a enxertia, e de crescimento (quantidade e comprimento total de brotos por enxerto vivo aos 90 e 120 dias da enxertia. Pôde-se concluir sobre a enxertia da erva-mate realizada diretamente a campo que: é viável tecnicamente, havendo um decréscimo na sobrevivência das plantas enxertadas em função do número de dias após a enxertia; as matrizes utilizadas apresentaram comportamentos distintos na porcentagem de sobrevivência e; os enxertos sobreviventes demonstraram um bom vigor de crescimento.

  3. Effect of potassium fertilization on yield and nutrition of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Delmar Santin

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis is a tree species native to the subtropical regions of South America, and is found in Brazil predominantly in the southern region. Despite the historical importance in this region, so far, studies on crop nutrition to improve yields are scarce. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of potassium rates on K soil availability, and the yield and nutritional status of yerba mate. The experiment was conducted in São Mateus do Sul, State of Paraná, on a Humox soil, where K2O rates of 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 kg ha-1 were tested on 7-year-old plantations. The experiment was harvested 24 months after installation by removing approximately 95 % of the canopy that had sprouted from the previous harvest. The soil was evaluated for K availability in the layers 0-10, 0-20, 10-20, and 20-40 cm. The plant parts leaf fresh matter (LM, twigs (TW, thick branches (BR and commercial yerba mate (COYM, i.e., LM+TW, were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between fresh matter/dry matter (FM/DM and K concentration in LM, AG and BR were evaluated. The fertilization increased K availability in all evaluated soil layers, indicating good mobility of the nutrient even at low rates. Yerba mate responded positively to increasing K2O rates with higher yields of all harvested components. The crop proved K-demanding, with a maximum COYM yield of 28.5 t ha-1, when 72 mg dm-3 K was available in the 0-20 cm layer. Yerba mate in the plant production stage requires soil K availability at medium to high level; in clayey soil with low K availability, a rate of 300 kg ha-1 K2O should be applied at 24 month intervals to obtain high yields. A leaf K concentration of 16.0 g ha-1 is suitable for yerba mate in the growth stage.

  4. Composition and Bioactive Properties of Yerba Mate (llex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.: A Review Composición y Propiedades Bioactivas de la Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.: Una Revisión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kellie P Burris

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Yerba Mate is a popular tea beverage produced and consumed in the South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and is processed from the leaves and stems of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., a perennial shrub from the Aquifoliaceae family. Production occurs in six stages: harvesting older leaves and small stems, roasting by direct fire, drying under hot air, milling to specified size, aging to acquire optimal sensory attributes, and final packaging. While grown and consumed for centuries in South America, its popularity is increasing in the United States because of demand by consumers for healthier, more natural foods, its filling a niche for a different type of tea beverage, and for Yerba Mate's potential health benefits - antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiobesity, anti-diabetic, digestive improvement, stimulant, and cardiovascular properties. Cultivation, production and processing may cause a variation in bioactive compounds biosynthesis and degradation. Recent research has been expanded to its potential use as an antimicrobial, protecting crops and foods against foodborne, human and plant pathogens. Promising results for the use of this botanical in human and animal health has prompted this review. This review focuses on the known chemical composition of Yerba Mate, the effect of cultivation, production and processing may have on composition, along with a specific discussion of those compounds found in Yerba Mate that have antimicrobial properties.Yerba mate es una infusión popular producida y consumida en Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay. Se procesa a partir de hojas y tallos de Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., un arbusto perenne de la familia Aquifoliaceae. El procesamiento ocurre en seis etapas: recolección de hojas maduras y tallos pequenos, tostado por fuego directo, secado por aire caliente, molienda, envejecimiento (dependiendo de los atributos sensoriales requeridos, y embalaje final. Si bien

  5. N sources affect growth, nutrient content, and net photosynthesis in maté (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sérgio Gaiad

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available The influence of different N sources on the growth of maté (Ilex paragurariensis St.Hil. seedlings grown in greenhouse was studied. All seedlings received a base fertilization of 10 mg N.kg-1 soil as NH4NO3, 60 mg P2O5.and 40 mg K2O.kg-1 soil as KH2PO4 15 days before treatments application. Treatments were as follow: Control, with no extra N added; Urea = 100 mg N.kg-1 soil as Urea; NO3- = 100 mg N.kg-1 soil as Ca(NO32; and NH4+ = 100 mg N.kg-1 soil as (NH42SO4. It was concluded that: 1 increasing N content in leaves alone was not able to promote gain in biomass production of maté seedlings; 2 seedlings receiving N-NH4 showed a higher accumulation of P and Mg on shoot biomass; and 3 an increase in leaf area, leaf number and net photosynthesis observed at the N-NH4 treatment was coincident with an increasing absorption of P and Mg.A influência de diferentes fontes de N sobre o crescimento de mudas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St.Hil. foi estudada, em casa de vegetação. Todas as mudas receberam uma fertilização base de 10 mg N.kg-1 de solo na forma de NH4NO3, 60 mg P2O5.kg-1 e 40 mg K2O.kg-1 de solo na forma de KH2PO4 quinze dias antes da aplicação dos tratamentos. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: Controle, sem adição extra de N; Uréia = 100 mg N.kg-1 de solo como Uréia; NO3- = 100 mg N.kg-1 de solo como Ca(NO32; e NH4+ = 100 mg N.kg-1 de solo como (NH42SO4. Concluiu-se que: 1 o aumento do conteúdo de N nas folhas, por si, não é capaz de promover ganhos na produção de biomassa em mudas de erva-mate; 2 mudas que receberam N-NH4 apresentaram maior acumulo de P e Mg na biomassa aérea; e 3 o aumento na absorção de P e Mg coincidiu com um aumento na área foliar, no número de folhas e na fotossíntese liquida na fonte N-NH4.

  6. Effect of {sup 60}Co radiation processing in mate (Ilex paraguariensis); Efeito do processamento por radiacao de {sup 60}Co na erva-mate (llex paraguariensis)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Furgeri, Camilo

    2009-07-01

    The mate (Ilex paraguariensis), a native species from South America, is mainly consumed as typical beverage called chimarrao and terere. An important problem that has been afflicting this product since a long time is its natural fungal contamination responsible to affect its physical, health and nutritional qualities. In order to improve this product quality, radiation processing can be effective in reducing pathogens levels, with minimal nutritional and sensory changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gamma radiation from {sup 60}Co at doses 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 kGy in reducing fungal contamination in mate, as well as analyze its nutritional and sensory characteristics. The following methodologies were applied: analysis of yeast and mold, total phenolic compounds analysis, antioxidant analysis, quantification of phenolic compounds and xanthines by liquid chromatography and sensory analysis. Microbiological analysis showed a decreasing molds and yeasts growth with increasing radiation doses. Regardless of the radiation dose applied there were no decrease of total phenolic compounds in both infusions. Chimarrao samples irradiated with 7 and 10 kGy showed a decrease in the DPPH radical-scavenger activity, nevertheless for terere samples, there were no significant difference. Chimarrao chromatographic profile did not show a variation on xanthines quantification, however a 10 kGy radiation dose caused a change to phenolic compounds quantitative profile. Terere samples did not show any significant difference to any analyzed compounds. Sensory analysis did not exhibit a significant difference between irradiated and non irradiated chimarrao samples, as well as between irradiated and non irradiated terere samples. It could be concluded that gamma radiation processing of mate may be a feasible alternative to industry, since there was a reduction on fungal contamination, without changes in sensory qualities and with minimum alterations in quantitative

  7. Simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and caffeine in hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of Ilex paraguariensis by HPLC and correlation with antioxidant capacity of the extracts by DPPH· reduction Determinação simultânea de ácido clorogênico, ácido caféico e cafeína, no extrato aquoso e hidroalcoólico de Ilex paraguariensis por CLAE e correlação com a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos por redução do DPPH·

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diogo Pineda Rivelli

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available A new high performance liquid chromatographic method has been established for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and caffeine in hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of Ilex paraguariensis. Analytical curves showed good linear regression in the concentration ranges 0.49-7.8 µg/mL for chlorogenic acid, 0.25-3.9 µg/mL for caffeic acid and 0.244-7.8 µg/mL for caffeine. Reduction of the DPPH· radical was used to determine the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Our method for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and caffeine was highly sensitive, having lower detection and quantitation limits than other papers that used similar methodology.Um novo método de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foi desenvolvido para a determinação simultânea de ácido clorogênico, ácido caféico e cafeína no extrato hidroalcoólico e aquoso de Ilex paraguariensis. As curvas de calibração mostraram boa regressão linear nas faixas de concentração 0,49-7,8 µg/mL para o ácido clorogênico, 0,25-3,9 µg/mL para ácido caféico e 0,244-7,8 µg/mL para cafeína. A redução do radical DPPH· foi usada para determinar a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos. Nosso método para a determinação simultânea de ácido caféico, ácido clorogênico e cafeína foi altamente sensível, possuindo limites de detecção e de quantificação menores do que em outros trabalhos que empregaram metodologias semelhantes.

  8. AVALIAÇÃO GENÉTICA DE INDIVÍDUOS DE ERVA-MATE (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. NA REGIÃO DE CAARAPÓ, MS, PELO PROCEDIMENTO REML/BLUP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wagner José Martins

    2005-11-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo objetivou estimar parâmetros e valores genéticos para os caracteres altura e diâmetro de indivíduos de erva-mate Ilex paraguariensis (St. Hil. pela metodologia de modelos mistos (procedimento REML/BLUP. As progênies de meios-irmãos foram plantadas na Reserva Indígena Kaiowá e Guarani, em Caarapó/MS, sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (progênies, seis repetições e vinte plantas por parcela. Aos 9 meses de idade, foram avaliados os caracteres: altura total das mudas e diâmetro do coleto. Ganhos genéticos preditos de 4,16% foram obtidos para o caráter altura e 7,20% para o caráter diâmetro, com a seleção dos dez melhores indivíduos. Embora os ganhos genéticos não sejam elevados para a idade avaliada, estimulam a utilização desses germoplasmas e a continuidade das avaliações em idades mais avançadas, explorando-se a variabilidade dentro das progênies.

  9. EXIGÊNCIA NUTRICIONAL DE MUDAS DE ERVA-MATE (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. À ADUBAÇÃO FOSFATADA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de estudar a exigência nutricional de mudas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. à adubação fosfatada, foi instalado um experimento no Centro Tecnológico de Silvicultura pertencente ao Departamento de Ciências Florestais/CCR/UFSM. Vasos com capacidade de 2 dm3 foram preenchidos com 2 kg de solo do tipo Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo coletado na camada superficial (0-20 cm, o qual foi destorroado, homogeneizado, seco ao ar, passado em peneira de 5 mm e posteriormente analisado quimicamente. Como adubação complementar, foram adicionados 64 mg kg-1 de N e 38 mg kg-1 de K, as fontes utilizadas foram CH4N2O e KCl, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos e seis repetições, distribuídos da seguinte forma: T1-testemunha (solo sem adição de P, T2-90 mg kg-1, T3-180 mg kg-1, T4-270 mg kg-1, T5-360 mg kg-1, T6-450 mg kg-1, T7-540 mg kg-1 e T8-630 mg kg-1 de P respectivamente, a fonte de P foi CaHPO4. Decorridos 10 meses da repicagem foram realizadas as medições das variáveis: altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do colo, biomassa acima do solo, biomassa radicular e biomassa total. O melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de erva-mate foi observado nas doses de 360 e 450 mg kg-1 de P.

  10. Exigência nutricional de mudas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. à adubação fosfatada.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Denise Ester Ceconi

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de estudar a exigência nutricional de mudas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. à adubação fosfatada, foi instalado um experimento no Centro Tecnológico de Silvicultura pertencente ao Departamento de Ciências Florestais/CCR/UFSM. Vasos com capacidade de 2 dm3 foram preenchidos com 2 kg de solo do tipo Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo coletado na camada superficial (0-20 cm, o qual foi destorroado, homogeneizado, seco ao ar, passado em peneira de 5 mm e posteriormente analisado quimicamente. Como adubação complementar, foram adicionados 64 mg kg-1 de N e 38 mg kg-1 de K, as fontes utilizadas foram CH4N2O e KCl, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com oito tratamentos e seis repetições, distribuídos da seguinte forma: T1-testemunha (solo sem adição de P, T2-90 mg kg-1, T3-180 mg kg-1, T4-270 mg kg-1, T5-360 mg kg-1, T6-450 mg kg-1, T7-540 mg kg-1 e T8-630 mg kg-1 de P respectivamente, a fonte de P foi CaHPO4. Decorridos 10 meses da repicagem foram realizadas as medições das variáveis: altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do colo, biomassa acima do solo, biomassa radicular e biomassa total. O melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de erva-mate foi observado nas doses de 360 e 450 mg kg-1 de P.

  11. A produção da erva mate (ilex paraguariensis no contexto da agricultura familiar no município de Cruz Machado-PR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanderlei Marinheski

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral avaliar participação da erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis no contexto econômico do Município de Cruz Machado no estado do Paraná, suas perspectivas de desenvolvimento local e geração de renda no sistema de agricultura familiar. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e consulta on line nos principais órgão e secretárias, mais o trabalho de campo com a averiguação de algumas propriedades rurais do município de Cruz Machado. Nos sistemas de agricultura familiar a logística das ocupações do relevo está associada às características geomorfológicas e ao tamanho das propriedades agropecuárias. Em Cruz Machado predomina o sistema de agricultura familiar, e a erva mate sempre foi uma alternativa extra na complementação da renda dos produtores, e no ano de 2013 contribuiu em mais de 15% do PIB anual do município. E hoje a produção da erva mate representa uma complementação na renda das famílias do município de Cruz Machado, mas que poderá ter uma maximização de produção aliada a características geoecológicas da região e contribuir para o desenvolvimento local.       

  12. Características físico-químicas de extratos de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil no estado de Santa Catarina.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dorli Mário Da Croce

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as características físico-químicas de extratos de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil, como a umidade e substâncias voláteis a 105°C % (p/p, resíduo mineral fixo, % (p/p resíduo mineral fixo insolúvel em solução de HCL a 10%, v/v, % (p/p, extrato aquoso, % (p/p e cafeína, % (p/p. Os resultados obtidos nas análises amostradas foram comparados com as normas estabelecidas pela portaria 234 de 25 de março de 1998, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVS, Ministério da Saúde. As amostras foram coletadas em quatro grandes regiões de ocorrência de erva-mate no estado de Santa Catarina, apresentando condições específicas de solo e clima. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, na época de maior crescimento vegetativo, compreendido entre os meses de setembro a dezembro, poucas amostras atingiram os índices de cafeína estabelecidos na portaria. Nas avaliações feitas em janeiro, fevereiro, março, junho e julho, a maioria das amostras atingiram o índice mínimo de cafeína estabelecido em 0,5g/100g de erva-mate. As demais características analisadas então de acordo com os índices estabelecidos na legislação.

  13. Zoneamento e identificação de Fusarium spp. causadores de podridão de raízes em plantios de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. na região do vale do Taquarí, RS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor Poletto

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available In 2004, symptoms of root rot disease were observed in erva-mate plantings in high areas of Region Taquari Valley, RS. With the help of EMATER, the municipal districts presenting plantings with symptoms were surveyed. In 10% of the affected plantings, root samples were collected and sent for analysis at the Plant Disease Laboratory at the Department of Plant Protection/CCR/UFSM. Five different species of at fungus Fusarium associated with the disease were isolated and identified: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium decemcellulare, Fusarium tabacinum and Fusarium tricinctum. All species were pathogenic when inoculated in erva-mate plants (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.. At the moment of sampling, information about the management of the erva-mate plantings was obtained and the similarity between the symptoms presented in erva-mate and in agronomic crops discussed, as well as hypotheses on the origin of the inoculum of Fusarium spp. that infected the erva-mate plantings.

  14. Efeitos da erva-mate (Ilex paraguaiensis) sobre o metabolismo de aminoácidos e de lipídios em ratos Wistar

    OpenAIRE

    Raquel D'Agostini Silva

    2013-01-01

    A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) é uma espécie nativa da América do Sul, muito utilizada no preparo de bebidas estimulantes. As folhas e ramos utilizados no preparo destas bebidas não são consumidos na sua forma in natura ou bruta, ao contrário, eles passam por uma série de processamentos industriais como o sapeco, secagem, moagem e envelhecimento. As condições de processamento podem modificar as características sensoriais assim como podem influenciar diretamente a quantidade fina...

  15. Seleção de progênies de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill. para a produtividade, estabilidade e adaptabilidade temporal de massa foliar Selection of Erva-mate Progenies for Leaf Weight Productivity, Temporal Stability and Adaptability

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Alfredo Sturion

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve por objetivos selecionar progênies de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.  em Ivaí - PR, simultaneamente para estabilidade, adaptabilidade e produtividade de massa foliar,  colhidas em três safras, com base na média harmônica a performance relativa dos valores genéticos (MHPRVG, adicionalmente, comparar os resultados  com aqueles obtidos pelos métodos de Annicchiarico e  de Lin & Binns. O material genético consistiu de 25  progênies de meios-irmãos plantadas no delineamento  de blocos ao acaso, com dez repetições  e parcelas lineares de seis plantas no espaçamento de  3m x 2m. O peso de folhas foi avaliado, por árvore,  aos dois, quatro e seis anos após o plantio. Houve  uma alteração no ordenamento das progênies para a produção de massa foliar ao longo das safras. Os  métodos de Annicchiarico, Lin & Binns e MHPRVG  selecionaram, praticamente, as mesmas progênies para os três atributos considerados. Contudo, o método  HPRVG apresenta a vantagem de fornecer  resultados na própria escala e medição do caráter, os quais podem ser interpretados diretamente como  valores genéticos.
    This paper aimed to select progenies of “erva-mate” (Ilex paraguariensis St. HiI. in Ivai - PR based on leaf weight productivity, stability and adaptability across three harvests. This can be achieved by the method MHPRVG (harmonic average of relative performance of genetic values which is comparable with the methods by Annichiaricco and Lin & Binns. The genetic material was constituted by 25 half sib progenies evaluated in a complete block design with ten replicates and six plants per plot, in a 3 x 2 meters spacing. Leaf weight per tree  was evaluated at ages two, four and six years  after planting. There were some changes in progenies  ranking across harvests. The methods MHPRVG, Annichiaricco and Lin & Binns led to selection of the  same progenies, considering the three

  16. INFLUÊNCIA DO POTENCIAL ANTIOXIDANTE DE EXTRATO DE ERVA-MATE (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil EM FRANGO ASSADO, ARMAZENADO E REAQUECIDO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marineusa CAMEL

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial antioxidante do extrato de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis em carne de frango. As sobrecoxas de frango foram submetidas a diferentes tratamentos (sem condimentos; com sal, sal e sálvia, sal, sálvia e extrato (0,125%; sal e extrato (0,125%, sal, sálvia e extrato (0,25% e sal e extrato (0,25% e analisadas na forma crua, assada, após armazenamento sob refrigeração e após reaquecimento. A atividade antioxidante in vitro do extrato foi determinada pelo teste de DPPH (difenilpicrilhidrazina. As amostras dos diferentes tratamentos foram submetidas às análises de oxidação de lipídios (TBARS, pH, potencial de oxiredução (mV, cor objetiva (L, a, b e análise sensorial. O teste DPPH mostrou correlação entre a atividade antioxidante (% e concentração de extrato fornecendo IC50 de 255μg/mL. Em relação à oxidação de lipídios, as amostras sem condimentos e somente com adição de sal diferiram das demais (p<0,05 quando armazenadas e após reaquecimento. A amostra com 0,125% de extrato de erva-mate diferiu das amostras contendo 0,25% de extrato na condição armazenado, mostrando o efeito do aumento da concentração de extrato contra a oxidação lipídica das sobrecoxas. Não houve diferença significativa entre os diferentes tratamentos e condições em relação ao pH e potencial de oxi-redução. A adição dos extratos alterou significativamente (p<0,05 a cor b nas amostras reaquecidas e a cor L nas amostras armazenadas e reaquecidas. Os atributos sensoriais de aceitação geral dos diferentes tratamentos não apresentaram diferença significativa entre as amostras testadas.

  17. COMPOSIÇÃO NUTRICIONAL DE PROCEDÊNCIAS E PROGÊNIES DE ERVA-MATE (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. CULTIVADAS EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO DISTRÓFICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elaine Vivian Oliva

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. is a forest species of great socioeconomic importance for the southern states of Brazil. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of provenances (Ivaí, in Paraná state and Barão de Cotegipe, in Rio Grande do Sul state and their progenies in a soil in the municipality of Ivaí, PR state. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, taking as treatment two distinct provenances and five progenies. When analyzed, the macronutrients, micronutrients, Al and Na. Foliar N, P, K, Ca and Mg were considered satisfactory, and the N, P, Ca and Mg showed significant differences for both analyzed provenances. Within provenances, progenies of Ivaí highlighted significant differences for the nutrients N, P, K, Ca and Mg. But for the progenies of Barão de Cotegipe, a significant difference was found only for Ca and Mg. For both provenances, foliar Fe, Cu and Mn were considered satisfactory. The concentration of Zn was considered low and B high. Aluminum contents were considered normal for the species. In regard to Na, there was no significant difference among provenances. The contents of Zn, Fe, Cu and Al and Na differed among the progenies of Barão de Cotegipe and Ivaí. The provenance of Ivaí showed higher levels of both, macro and micronutrients, compared to Barão de Cotegipe, indicating that a breeding program could significantly improve the quality of mate for human nutrition purposes. Comparing the average weight of green mass of the provenances, there is a significant gain in the crown of Barão de Cotegipe provenance which is not accompanied by the dry weight of 100 leaves.

  18. Resposta da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. à adubação mineral e orgânica em um latossolo vermelho aluminoférrico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Maria Pandolfo

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available The lack of information on mate plants (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. and the necessity to better understand its nutritional aspects stimulated the conduction of this study. The objectives were to verify the response of mate to mineral N, P and K and to organic fertilization supplied by poultry manure, and also to estimate nutrient rate which allow higher yield of mate plants, cultivated in a HAPLORTHOX. The experiment was carried out in Marechal Bormann, Chapecó country, SC, Brazil. The treatments consisted of annual applications of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 g of N; 0, 25, 75, 100 and 125 g of P2O5 and K2O per plant and 0, 1,5, 3,0 and 4,5 kg of poultry manure (dry matter per plant. When different rates of N, P and K were applied, the other two nutrients rate were 50 g per plant. It was evaluated the content of leaves macro and micronutrients, mate yield in five economic pruning and content of soil P and K. The content of macro and micronutrients in leaves were inside of a normal range for these plants. There was no significant response to added P; however, there was a strong indication that the best rate is below 25 g P2O5 per plant. There was a significant response to nitrogen fertilization and the maximum technical efficiency was 80,5 g of N per plant per year. The response for poultry manure was linear with higher yield when 4,5 kg per plant was added and mate response to K application was dependent of soil K level.

  19. ZONEAMENTO E IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE Fusarium spp. CAUSADORES DE PODRIDÃO DE RAÍZES EM PLANTIOS DE ERVA-MATE (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. NA REGIÃO DO VALE DO TAQUARÍ, RS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elena Blume

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available Em 2004, foram constatados sintomas da doença podridão-de-raízes em ervais nos municípios da região alta do Vale do Taquari, RS. Com o auxílio de técnicos da EMATER, fez-se um levantamento dos municípios que possuíam ervais com sintomas. Em 10% dos ervais afetados, coletaram-se amostras de raízes que foram enviadas para análise no Laboratório de Fitopatologia pertencente ao Departamento de Defesa Sanitária/CCR/UFSM. Foram isoladas e identificadas cinco diferentes espécies do fungo Fusarium associadas à doença: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium decemcellulare, Fusarium tabacinum e Fusarium tricinctum. Todas as espécies se mostraram patogênicas quando inoculadas em plantas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.. No momento da coleta das amostras, levantaram-se informações sobre o manejo do erval e discutiu-se a similaridade entre os sintomas apresentados na erva-mate e em culturas agronômicas bem como hipóteses sobre a origem do inóculo de Fusarium spp. que proporcionou a contaminação dos ervais.

  20. Comparative Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Purpose: To determine and compare the antioxidant, antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of leaf infusions of Ilex laurina and Ilex paraguariensis in colon cancer cells. Methods: Antioxidant activity was determined by ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). Cytotoxic ...

  1. Zoneamento e identificação de Fusarium spp. causadores de podridão de raízes em plantios de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. na região do vale do Taquarí, RS.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor Poletto

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Em 2004, foram constatados sintomas da doença podridão-de-raízes em ervais nos municípios da região alta do Vale do Taquari, RS. Com o auxílio de técnicos da EMATER, fez-se um levantamento dos municípios que possuíam ervais com sintomas. Em 10% dos ervais afetados, coletaram-se amostras de raízes que foram enviadas para análise no Laboratório de Fitopatologia pertencente ao Departamento de Defesa Sanitária/CCR/UFSM. Foram isoladas e identificadas cinco diferentes espécies do fungo Fusarium associadas à doença: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium decemcellulare, Fusarium tabacinum e Fusarium tricinctum. Todas as espécies se mostraram patogênicas quando inoculadas em plantas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.. No momento da coleta das amostras, levantaram-se informações sobre o manejo do erval e discutiu-se a similaridade entre os sintomas apresentados na erva-mate e em culturas agronômicas bem como hipóteses sobre a origem do inóculo de Fusarium spp. que proporcionou a contaminação dos ervais.

  2. EFEITO DA ERVA-MATE (ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS A. ST. HIL. SOBRE O PERFIL METABÓLICO EM RATOS ALIMENTADOS COM DIETAS HIPERLIPÍDICAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. S. MELO

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available

    O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da infusão de erva-mate sobre o perfil metabólico em ratos alimentados com dietas hiperlipídicas. Foram estudados 36 ratos, linhagem Wistar, machos adultos, divididos em seis grupos (n=6: controle água; controle mate; hipercolesterolêmico água + banha; hipercolesterolêmico mate + banha; hipercolesterolêmico água + gordura vegetal hidrogenada e hipercolesterolêmico mate + gordura vegetal hidrogenada. Os animais foram acomodados individualmente em gaiolas metabólicas de aço inoxidável, com temperatura ambiente de 22ºC + 2ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas (claro/escuro. Durante as 5 semanas do estudo, os grupos hipercolesterolêmicos receberam 1% de colesterol sintético e 10% de gordura vegetal hidrogenada ou saturada adicionados à dieta controle. Na 3ª semana iniciou-se o tratamento com a infusão de erva mate. Não se observou no presente estudo efeito signifi cativo e abrangente da erva-mate sobre todos os parâmetros avaliados. Entretanto, verifi cou-se tendência de menor ganho de peso e redução dos parâmetros de glicemia, peso de fígado e transaminases, além de aumento de HDL-colesterol na presença de dieta com gordura saturada nos animais tratados com erva mate. Tais resultados são promissores e sugerem que novos estudos investiguem o possível efeito protetor da Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. sobre o perfil metabólico.

  3. COMPOSIÇÃO NUTRICIONAL DE PROCEDÊNCIAS E PROGÊNIES DE ERVA-MATE (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. CULTIVADAS EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO DISTRÓFICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elaine Vivian Oliva

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. é uma espécie florestal de grande importância socioeconômica para os estados sulinos do Brasil. Objetivou-se com a presente pesquisa, avaliar o estado nutricional de procedências (Ivaí-PR e Barão de Cotegipe-RS e suas respectivas progênies em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, no município de Ivaí – PR. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, tendo como tratamento duas procedências e cinco progênies. Analisaram-se os macronutrientes, micronutrientes, Al e Na. Os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca e Mg foram considerados satisfatórios, sendo que os nutrientes N, P, Ca e Mg apresentaram diferença significativa para ambas as procedências analisadas. Dentro das procedências, as progênies de Ivaí, destacaram diferença significativa para os nutrientes N, P, K, Ca e Mg. Porém, para as progênies de Barão de Cotegipe, constatou-se diferença significativa apenas para os teores de Ca e Mg. Para as duas procedências, os teores foliares de Fe, Cu e Mn foram considerados satisfatórios. A concentração de Zn foi considerada baixa e a de B elevada. Os teores de Al foram considerados normais para a espécie. Quanto ao Na, não se observou diferença significativa entre procedências. Os teores de Zn, Fe, Cu, bem como de Al e Na, diferiram estatisticamente entre as progênies de Barão de Cotegipe e Ivaí. A procedência de Ivaí apresentou teores mais elevados tanto de macro como de micronutrientes, comparativamente à procedência de Barão de Cotegipe, indicando que um programa de melhoramento genético poderá refletir significativamente na melhoria da qualidade da erva-mate com fins de qualidade nutricional humana. Comparando as médias do peso da massa verde das procedências, há ganho significativo da copa da procedência de Barão de Cotegipe, o que não é acompanhado pelo peso da massa seca de 100 folhas.

  4. Produção e sobrevivência de miniestacas e minicepas de erva-mate cultivadas em sistema semi-hidropônico Production and survival of Ilex paraguariensis minicuttings and ministumps cultivated in semi-hydroponic system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ivar Wendling

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade técnica do sistema semi-hidropônico para condução de minicepas de erva-mate e a resposta destas a soluções nutritivas de diferentes diluições nas sucessivas coletas, bem como, a sobrevivência das miniestacas produzidas neste sistema, após enraizamento. Depois de onze coletas, obteve-se 95,6% de sobrevivência das minicepas e média de 291 miniestacas m-2 de minijardim. As mudas obtidas por miniestaquia apresentaram média de 85,6% de sobrevivência, sem variação significativa entre as soluções testadas e número da coleta. O sistema adotado é tecnicamente viável, e recomenda-se a utilização de solução nutritiva menos concentrada.The objective of this study was to assess the technical viability of semi-hydroponic system for conduction of Ilex paraguariensis ministumps, and the answer of these to different nutritional solutions in the successive gatherings, as well as, the survival of the minicuttings produced in this system after rooting. After eleven gatherings, there was 95.6% of ministumps survival, and production of 291minicuttings m-2 of miniclonal garden. The minicuttings survival was 85.6%, with no significant difference between the solutions. The adopted system is technically viable, and lower concentrated solution to conduct the ministumps is recommended.

  5. Alemtuzumab (Millennium/ILEX).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dumont, F J

    2001-01-01

    Alemtuzumab, a lymphocyte-depleting humanized monoclonal antibody, is being developed by Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc and ILEX Oncology for the potential treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) [274580]. The utility of the compound for treating bone marrow (BM) stem cell transplantation-associated graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) [372946] and for ex vivo purging of BM to remove malignant T-cells [244056] is also being investigated. Additional potential therapeutic areas for which clinical trials are planned or ongoing include vasculitis, multiple sclerosis [288762] and organ transplantation [338304]. A Biologics License Application (BLA) was filed with the FDA in December 1999 by ILEX and Millennium [351523], [351524], [373873]. The FDA accepted the application for filing in February 2000 [355775] and returned a complete response letter in June 2000 [372172]. Millennium and ILEX submitted a response to the FDA in August 2000 [379766]. Alemtuzumab has received Fast Track designation [304771] and orphan drug status from the FDA [288762], and the drug was reviewed by the FDA's Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee on 14 December, 2000 [387228]. The committee voted 14 to 1 to recommend accelerated approval of alemtuzumab for patients with CLL who have been treated with alkylating agents and who have failed fludarabine therapy [393778], [393894]. In March 2000, Millennium and ILEX also submitted a Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) for alemtuzumab to the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) [363595]. In October 2000, EMEA accepted the MAA for alemtuzumab under the agency's centralized approval procedure [387228]. Alemtuzumab was originally synthesized by Herman Waldmann and colleagues at Cambridge University and licensed to Burroughs Wellcome (BW) via the British Technology Group (BTG) [162622]. BW conducted phase I and II trials for a broad range of indications, but then discontinued development because of disappointing results

  6. Crescimento e nutrição de erva-mate influenciados pela adubação nitrogenada, fosfatada e potássica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Delmar Santin

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Ilex paraguariensis is considered a low P-requiring species because it grows naturally in soils with low P content, although no much information is also available for N and K requirements. This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing P rates, combined with N and K rates on Ilex paraguariensis growth and its mineral composition. Phosphorus rates of 0, 100, 200, 400 e 600 mg dm-3 of P2O5 were combined with 0, 50 e 100 mg dm-3 of N e K2O. The fertilizers were mixed with the soil and placed in plastic pots of 2.9 dm3. Seedlings of Ilex were transplanted to the pots and grown for 120 days. Ilex seedling growth was affected by the interaction of P and NK rates. The best P rate was between 18.5 and 28.6 mg dm-3and the highest growth was obtained when P was combined with 100 mg dm-3of N and K2O. Iron deficiency symptoms appeared at the P rates of 400 and 600 mg dm-3 of P2O5. It can be concluded that Ilex responds to increasing P rates, as long as plant N, K and Ca requirement is met.

  7. Anticonvulsant, neuroprotective and behavioral effects of organic and conventional yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in Wistar rats.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Branco, Cátia Dos Santos; Scola, Gustavo; Rodrigues, Adriana Dalpicolli; Cesio, Verónica; Laprovitera, Mariajosé; Heinzen, Horacio; Dos Santos, Maitê Telles; Fank, Bruna; de Freitas, Suzana Cesa Vieira; Coitinho, Adriana Simon; Salvador, Mirian

    2013-03-01

    Epilepsy, which is one of the most common neurological disorders, involves the occurrence of spontaneous and recurrent seizures that alter the performance of the brain and affect several sensory and behavioral functions. Oxidative damage has been associated with post-seizure neuronal injury, thereby increasing an individual's susceptibility to the occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders. The present study investigated the possible anticonvulsive and neuroprotective effects of organic and conventional yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis), a plant rich in polyphenols, on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in Wistar rats. The behavioral and polyphenolic profiles of the yerba mate samples were also evaluated. Infusions of yerba mate (50mg/kg) or distilled water were given to rats for fifteen days by oral gavage. On the 15th day the animals were subjected to open field test, and exploratory behavior was assessed. Subsequently, 60mg/kg PTZ (i.p.) was administered, and animals were observed for the appearance of convulsions for 30min. Latency for the first seizure, tonic-clonic and generalized seizures time, frequency of seizures and mortality induced by PTZ were recorded. The animals were then sacrificed, and the cerebellum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus were quickly removed and frozen to study the neuroprotective effects of yerba mate. The oxidative damage in lipids and proteins, nitric oxide levels, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (Sod) and catalase (Cat) and non-enzymatic cellular defense (sulfhydryl protein) were quantified in all the tissues. The results showed that organic and conventional yerba mate infusions were able to reduce the frequency of seizures when compared to the PTZ group. Besides, organic yerba mate infusion decreases the tonic-clonic seizures time in relation to the PTZ group. It was also shown that organic and conventional yerba mate infusions reduced the oxidative damage in lipids and proteins and nitric oxide

  8. Avaliação genética em erva-mate pelo procedimento BLUP individual multivariado sob interação genótipo x ambiente Genetic evaluation in Ilex paraguariensis by the multivariate individual BLUP procedure with genotype-environment interaction

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosangela Maria Simeão

    2002-11-01

    Full Text Available Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos e realizar a predição de valores genéticos de matrizes e procedências de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis. Foram avaliadas 164 progênies de oito procedências, em três locais (Ivaí, PR, Guarapuava, PR e Rio Azul, PR, em relação ao caráter produção de massa foliar (PMF. Os componentes de variância, parâmetros genéticos e valores genéticos foram estimados pelo procedimento REML/BLUP individual (máxima verossimilhança restrita/melhor predição linear não viciada, realizando a análise multivariada para os três locais. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade individual, no sentido restrito, para o caráter PMF foram 0,15 em Ivaí, 0,62 em Guarapuava e 0,23 em Rio Azul. A baixa magnitude desses coeficientes em Ivaí e Rio Azul demanda a utilização de métodos de seleção que utilizem todos os efeitos aleatórios do modelo estatístico. O efeito de procedências foi significativo em Ivaí e Rio Azul, com correlação fenotípica intraclasse de 0,13 em Ivaí e de 0,09 em Rio Azul. As procedências apresentaram correlação genética de 0,95 entre os locais Ivaí e Rio Azul. Nesses locais, as procedências foram mais estáveis nos diferentes ambientes do que as progênies. Foram preditos os valores genéticos em relação a todas as procedências e matrizes em todos os locais quanto ao caráter avaliado. As melhores procedências são Barão de Cotegipe, Quedas do Iguaçu, Cascavel e Ivaí.The objectives of this paper were to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters and to predict breeding values for parents and provenances of Ilex paraguariensis. Eight provenances with 164 progenies were evaluated on three sites (Ivaí, PR, Guarapuava, PR and Rio Azul, PR for the trait leaf weight (LW. All the variance components, parameters and breeding values were obtained by REML/BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction procedure at the

  9. A coleta da erva-mate pela população cabocla do Vale do Rio do Peixe e Oeste de Santa Catarina: apropriação privada da terra e rupturas (décadas de 1900 a 1940 / The harvest of erva mate (ilex paraguariensis by caboclo population in West and Peixe valley river of Santa Catarina States (Brazil: Breaks with the advancement of private appropriation (decades 1900 to 1940.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marlon Brandt

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The article aims to analyze the extraction of erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis by caboclo populations in the Western forests of Santa Catarina State, the private land appropriation processes and the disarticulation of the extractive practice of the private land appropriation processes, which becomes more intense from the First Republic decades on. In this region, a significant part of caboclo families was settled since the first decades of the nineteenth century, mostly under the ownership regime, next to the pastoral land property located in the areas of natural grassland. The primary source of income was linked to subsistence agriculture and practices related to the exploitation of forest resources, such as the extraction of erva-mate. The disintegration happens when a new social-spatial dynamics becomes present, inducing the private land appropriation, with the subsequent colonization, the fencing of land and the logging.

  10. Environ: E00818 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available E00818 Paraguay tea Medicinal herb Caffeine [CPD:C07481], Theobromine [CPD:C07480]...018], Iron [CPD:C00023], Calcium [CPD:C00076], Potassium [CPD:C00238] [DR:D08403] Ilex paraguariensis [TAX:185542] ... Aquifoliaceae Paraguay tea leaves ...

  11. Phylogeographic study of Apodemus ilex (Rodentia: Muridae in Southwest China.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Qi Liu

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The Mountains of southwest China have complex river systems and a profoundly complex topography and are among the most important biodiversity hotspots in the world. However, only a few studies have shed light on how the mountains and river valleys promote genetic diversity. Apodemus ilex is a fine model for investigating this subject. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To assess the genetic diversity and biogeographic patterns of Apodemus ilex, the complete cytochrome b gene sequences (1,140 bp were determined from 203 samples of A. draco/ilex that were collected from southwest China. The results obtained suggested that A. ilex and A. draco are sistergroups and diverged from each other approximately 2.25 million years ago. A. ilex could be divided into Eastern and Western phylogroups, each containing two sub-groups and being widespread in different geographical regions of the southern Hengduan Mountains and the western Yunnan - Guizhou Plateau. The population expansions of A. ilex were roughly from 0.089 Mya to 0.023 Mya. CONCLUSIONS: Our result suggested that A. ilex is a valid species rather than synonym of A. draco. As a middle-high elevation inhabitant, the phylogenetic pattern of A. ilex was strongly related to the complex geographical structures in southwest China, particularly the existence of deep river valley systems, such as the Mekong and Salween rivers. Also, it appears that the evolutionary history of A. ilex, such as lineage divergences and population expansions were strongly affected by climate fluctuation in the Late Pleistocene.

  12. Contributions to the quality control of two crops of economic importance : hops and yerba mate

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Wilson, Erica Georgina

    2012-01-01

    Quality control of plants is essential and at the same time very challenging.In this thesis, studies involving quality issues of two plants used in the production of two popular beverages, hops (in beer) and Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) were undertaken. Hops are used as bittering agents and to

  13. Erva-mate production and conservation of Araucaria Forest

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Signor

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available This study aims to characterize a native production area (native erval through silvicultural procedures, productivity and density of Ilex paraguariensis St.-Hil. (erva-mate and also the floristic, phytosociology, and diameter structure. To identify the silvicultural procedures, we used semi-structured interviews. For productivity assessment, the commercial biomass of I. paraguariensis was determined. For vegetation assessment, two permanent sample plots totaling 1.25 ha were installed, considering all individuals with circumference at 1.30 m above soil level (CBH ≥ 31.4 cm, for which it was registered CBH, botanical identification, XY coordinates in the plot, and all the individuals of I. paraguariensis composing the production system. Silvicultural procedures were characterized by mowing, canopy opening and conduct of natural regeneration, promoting I. paraguariensis, Araucaria angustifolia (Bert. Kuntze, and cattle. I. paraguariensis density was 634 trees.ha-1, with 2,030 kg.ha-1 of productivity in three-year crops. We found 22 species, with a predominance of Myrtaceae and Aquifoliaceae. The species of highest importance value and coverage was A. angustifolia. The diameter distribution showed a higher concentration of individuals in the smaller classes.

  14. INOCULAÇÃO DE Fusarium oxysporum E Fusarium solani E NÍVEIS DE SOMBREAMENTO NA ERVA-MATE: INFLUÊNCIA NA SEVERIDADE DA PODRIDÃO-DE-RAÍZES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor Poletto

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hill is a broadly cultivated species in the South of Brazil. With the increasing planted area, mainly in the last decade, fitosanitary problems caused by pest and diseases have increased in this crop, and the root-rot is becoming one of the main problems. Among the pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. and Fusarium solani (Mart. Sacc are the main ones. These fungi provoke severe damages resulting in the destruction of the root system and, in the most serious cases, they cause the death of the plant. It is suspected that the incidence and severity of disease are influenced by cultivation of Ilex paraguariensis in different levels of shading or full sun. Therefore, experiments were conducted in the Forest Nursery area belonging to Forest Sciences Department/CCR/UFSM with the objective of confirming this assumption. The experiment was conducted in a factorial design (2 x 5, composed by Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani inoculation and by shading levels. It was verified that the plants submitted to lower shading levels or full sun had their predisposed to the disease.

  15. Genetic evaluation and deviance analysis in an unbalanced provenance and progeny test of maté Avaliação genética e análise de deviance em um teste desbalanceado de procedência e progênie de Ilex paraguariensis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Alfredo Sturion

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available

    Likelihood ratio tests (LRT were applied in an unbalanced provenance/progeny test of mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.. The trial was established in a randomized complete block design with seven provenances, 140 half sib families, ten blocks and six plants per linear plot. The spacing was 3 m x 2 m. The following conclusions were obtained from the deviance analysis (Anadev: all random effects and associated variance components and coefficients of determination (heritability and coefficients of determination of plots and provenances were significant; there is enough genetic variability in both within and between provenance levels which can be adequately explored for breeding purposes.

    doi: 10.4336/2010.pfb.30.62.157

  1. Phylogeographical variation of chloroplast DNA in holm oak (Quercus ilex L.).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lumaret, R; Mir, C; Michaud, H; Raynal, V

    2002-11-01

    Variation in the lengths of restriction fragments (RFLPs) of the whole chloroplast DNA molecule was studied in 174 populations of Quercus ilex L. sampled over the entire distribution of this evergreen and mainly Mediterranean oak species. By using five endonucleases, 323 distinct fragments were obtained. From the 29 and 17 cpDNA changes identified as site and length mutations, respectively, 25 distinct chlorotypes were distinguished, mapped and treated cladistically with a parsimony analysis, using as an outgroup Q. alnifolia Poech, a closely related evergreen oak species endemic to Cyprus where Q. ilex does not grow. The predominant role of Q. ilex as maternal parent in hybridization with other species was reflected by the occurrence of a single very specific lineage of related chlorotypes, the most ancestral and recent ones being located in the southeastern and in the northwestern parts of the species' geographical distribution, respectively. The lineage was constituted of two clusters of chlorotypes observed in the 'ilex' morphotyped populations of the Balkan and Italian Peninsulas (including the contiguous French Riviera), respectively. A third cluster was divided into two subclusters identified in the 'rotundifolia' morphotyped populations of North Africa, and of Iberia and the adjacent French regions, respectively. Postglacial colonization probably started from three distinct southerly refugia located in each of the three European peninsulas, and a contact area between the Italian and the Iberian migration routes was identified in the Rhône valley (France). Chlorotypes identical or related to those of the Iberian cluster were identified in the populations from Catalonia and the French Languedoc region, which showed intermediate morphotypes, and in the French Atlantic populations which possessed the 'ilex' morphotype, suggesting the occurrence of adaptive morphological changes in the northern part of the species' distribution.

  2. Informe de personal de apoyo: Tournier, Horacio A. (2013-2014)

    OpenAIRE

    Tournier, Horacio Alfio

    2014-01-01

    Proyectos de investigación en los cuales colabora: A) Evaluación de las propiedades antioxidantes, citotóxicas y farmacológicas de productos naturales. A1) Determinación de la actividad citotóxica de extractos y compuestos de plantas nativas argentinas y sudamericanas en un modelo de células en cultivo. A2) Caracterización de extractos de yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis), corozo (Bactris guineensis) y curuba...

  3. Protective effect of yerba mate intake on the cardiovascular system: a post hoc analysis study in postmenopausal women

    OpenAIRE

    da Veiga, D.T.A.; Bringhenti, R.; Copes, R.; Tatsch, E.; Moresco, R.N.; Comim, F.V.; Premaor, M.O.

    2018-01-01

    The prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is increased in postmenopausal women, which contributes to the burden of illnesses in this period of life. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a native bush from Southern South America. Its leaves are rich in phenolic components, which may have antioxidant, vasodilating, hypocholesterolemic, and hypoglycemic proprieties. This post hoc analysis of the case-control study nested in the Obesity and Bone Fracture Cohort evaluated the consumpt...

  4. Facilitated establishment of Quercus ilex in shrub-dominated communities within a Mediterranean ecosystem: do mycorrhizal partners matter?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Richard, Franck; Selosse, Marc-André; Gardes, Monique

    2009-04-01

    Positive plant-plant interaction is a widespread phenomenon, especially in harsh environments, which can contribute to secondary successions. Here, we investigated whether Arbutus unedo positively influences Quercus ilex establishment in shrub communities by abiotic and/or biotic interactions in a Mediterranean forest ecosystem, where we previously showed that A. unedo and Q. ilex share numerous species of mycorrhizal fungi. In a first field experiment, patterns of Q. ilex survivorship were documented. During the summer following germination, a majority of seedlings survived in A. unedo chaparral (AU), whereas most of them died in previous succession stages dominated by Erica arborea (EA). These results showed that survival of the Q. ilex seedling is succession stage dependent, probably due to the differential effects of the summer drought. In a second experiment, Q. ilex seedlings were used as bait plants to investigate the mycorrhizal inoculum in EA and AU. Morphotyping and molecular typing revealed 2.5 times higher colonization in AU than in EA, with more diverse fungi. Our results demonstrate that A. unedo facilitates mycorrhization of Q. ilex by hosting compatible ectomycorrhizal symbionts and positively influences seedling survival by buffering abiotic conditions. A comprehensive understanding of facilitation should thus include investigations of the soil biological patterns.

  5. Are both sympatric species Ilex perado and Ilex canariensis secretly hybridizing? Indication from nuclear markers collected in Tenerife

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manen Jean-François

    2004-11-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Intra-specific and intra-individual polymorphism is frequently observed in nuclear markers of Ilex (Aquifoliaceae and discrepancy between plastid and nuclear phylogenies is the rule in this genus. These observations suggest that inter-specific plastid or/and nuclear introgression played an important role in the process of evolution of Ilex. With the aim of a precise understanding of the evolution of this genus, two distantly related sympatric species collected in Tenerife (Canary Islands, I. perado and I. canariensis, were studied in detail. Introgression between these two species was previously never reported. One plastid marker (the atpB-rbcL spacer and two nuclear markers, the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS and the nuclear encoded plastid glutamine synthetase (nepGS were analyzed for 13 and 27 individuals of I. perado and I. canariensis, respectively. Results The plastid marker is intra-specifically constant and correlated with species identity. On the other hand, whereas the nuclear markers are conserved in I. perado, they are highly polymorphic in I. canariensis. The presence of pseudogenes and recombination in ITS sequences of I. canariensis explain this polymorphism. Ancestral sequence polymorphism with incomplete lineage sorting, or past or recent hybridization with an unknown species could explain this polymorphism, not resolved by concerted evolution. However, as already reported for many other plants, past or recent introgression of an alien genotype seem the most probable explanation for such a tremendous polymorphism. Conclusions Data do not allow the determination with certitude of the putative species introgressing I. canariensis, but I. perado is suspected. The introgression would be unilateral, with I. perado as the male donor, and the paternal sequences would be rapidly converted in highly divergent and consequently unidentifiable pseudogenes. At least, this study allows the establishment of

  6. Effect of different soil water available levels on the development of young plants of “erva-mate”

    OpenAIRE

    Pintro, Jose Carlos; UEM; Flores, Feliciano Edi Vieira; UFRGS

    2008-01-01

    The influence of different levels of soil water availability on the development of young plants of “erva-mate” (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) was studied under controlled conditions. The plants were cultivated during the period from January to November, a total of 45 weeks. The foreseen treatments corresponded to 3 water available levels for plants: treatment 1 (T-1): soil moisture at 0.3 atm of tension, treatment 2 (T-2): soil moisture at 80% of water quantity used in T-1, and treatment 3 (T...

  7. Triterpenes and new saponins from Ilex chamaedryfolia: chemotaxonomic tool to Ilex species differentiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lencina, Claiton L.; Cardoso, Mariana C. de; Zancanaro, Ivomar; Gosmann, Grace; Pires, Viviane S.; Sonnet, Pascal; Guillaume, Dominique; Schenkel, Eloir P.

    2010-01-01

    Three saponins were isolated from leaves of Ilex chamaedryfolia. Their structures were established by spectroscopic and mass spectrometry data as the new saponin 3beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-20(S)-19alpha- hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, the new saponin 3beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-20(S)-19alpha- hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester and the known saponin 3beta-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-20(R)-19alpha-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester. Ursolic acid and α-amyrin were also isolated. (author)

  8. Triterpenes and new saponins from Ilex chamaedryfolia: chemotaxonomic tool to Ilex species differentiation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lencina, Claiton L.; Cardoso, Mariana C. de; Zancanaro, Ivomar; Gosmann, Grace, E-mail: grace.gosmann@ufrgs.b [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (FF/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS (Brazil). Faculdade de Farmacia; Pires, Viviane S.; Sonnet, Pascal; Guillaume, Dominique [UMR-CNRS, Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens (France). Faculte de Pharmacie. Lab. des Glucides; Schenkel, Eloir P. [Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (CCS/UFSC), Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Centro de Ciencias da Saude

    2010-07-01

    Three saponins were isolated from leaves of Ilex chamaedryfolia. Their structures were established by spectroscopic and mass spectrometry data as the new saponin 3beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-20(S)-19alpha- hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, the new saponin 3beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-20(S)-19alpha- hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester and the known saponin 3beta-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-20(R)-19alpha-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester. Ursolic acid and {alpha}-amyrin were also isolated. (author)

  9. ESTUDO DA ALTERAÇÃO DA COR E DEGRADAÇÃO DA CLOROFILA DURANTE ARMAZENAGEM DE ERVA-MATE TIPO CHIMARRÃO

    OpenAIRE

    Gisela Cabral Malheiros

    2007-01-01

    A Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hill., conhecida popularmente como erva-mate, é uma espécie nativa da região subtropical da América do Sul, a qual é matéria-prima para o produto ervamate, utilizado principalmente no preparo da bebida chimarrão. Dentre os atributos sensoriais da erva-mate tipo chimarrão, a cor constitui o primeiro critério utilizado pelo consumidor para sua aceitabilidade. A cor verde da erva-mate deve-se à presença de clorofila. Ocorrem perdas expressivas de clorofila no proc...

  10. Susceptibility of Oligonychus yothersi (Acari: Tetranychidae) to the fungus Beauveria bassiana

    OpenAIRE

    Oliveira, Renato Cassol de; Alves, Luis Francisco Angeli; Neves, Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro

    2002-01-01

    A cultura da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) é uma importante atividade econômica no Sul do Brasil. Com o aumento de consumo nos anos oitenta, cresceram também as áreas de monocultura, gerando condições favoráveis para o aumento populacional de insetos e ácaros fitófagos, entre eles o ácaro vermelho Oligonychus yothersi. Este estudo avaliou a suscetibilidade do ácaro vermelho O. yothersi a vários isolados do fungo Beauveria bassiana. O experimento foi conduzido em Cascavel, PR. Discos foliare...

  11. La caféine : esquisse d'une histoire phytochimique

    OpenAIRE

    Jaussaud, Philippe

    2016-01-01

    article électronique déposé sur le blog Interfaces/Livres anciens de l'Université de Lyonhttp://bibulyon.hypotheses.org/6616; Présente dans les trois boissons chaudes habituellement associées à nos petits-déjeuners - café, thé et chocolat -, la caféine est une méthylxanthine. Elle existe dans des plantes taxinomiquement très variées, comme : le Caféier (Coffea arabica, Coffea canefora, etc.), le Maté (Ilex paraguariensis), le Guarana (Paullinia cupana), le Théier (Camellia sinensis), le Kolat...

  12. Efeito da ingestão de chocolate e erva mate no perfil lipídico e oxidativo de indivíduos com HIV/AIDS em uso de terapia antirretroviral

    OpenAIRE

    Suelen Jorge de Souza

    2013-01-01

    Introdução: Atualmente observa-se aumento das complicações cardiovasculares, como alterações no perfil lipídico e oxidativo, em indivíduos com HIV/AIDS, devido à própria infecção, bem como aos diferentes componentes da terapia antirretroviral (TARV). Vários estudos, em outras populações, mostram que os flavonóides presentes no cacau (Theobroma cacao) e erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis) podem melhorar a função cardiovascular devido às suas propriedades antioxidantes e hipolipemiantes. Objetivo: ...

  13. Myxomycetes from the bark of the evergreen oak Quercus ilex

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wrigley de Basanta, Diana

    1998-06-01

    Full Text Available The results of 81 moist chamber cultures of bark from living Quercus ilex trees are reponed. A total of 37 taxa are cited, extending the number of species found on this substrate to 55. The presence of Licea deplanata on the Iberian Península is confirmed. Seven new records are included for the province of Madrid. Some data are contributed on species frequency and incubation times.Se presentan los resultados de 81 cultivos en cámara húmeda de corteza de Quercus ilex vivo. Se citan 37 táxones, que amplían a 55 el número de especies de mixomicetes encontrados sobre este sustrato. Se confirma la presencia en la Península Ibérica de Licea deplanata, y se incluyen siete nuevas citas para la provincia de Madrid. Se aportan datos sobre frecuencia de aparición y tiempos de incubación de algunas especies.

  14. Biomonitoring of PAHs by using Quercus ilex leaves: Source diagnostic and toxicity assessment

    Science.gov (United States)

    De Nicola, Flavia; Claudia, Lancellotti; MariaVittoria, Prati; Giulia, Maisto; Anna, Alfani

    2011-03-01

    Quercus ilex L. leaves were sampled at nineteen urban sites and two remote sites in order to evaluate PAH contamination degree. One-, two- and three-year-old leaves were collected and leaf lipid content was measured to investigate the influence of leaf age and lipids in PAH accumulation. Some PAH diagnostic ratios, such as Ant/Ant + Phen, Flt/Flt + Pyr, B[a]A/B[a]A + Crys and IP/IP + B[g,h,i]P, were calculated. The results suggest that Q. ilex leaves are effective biomonitors of PAH air contamination: in fact, a great PAH accumulation in leaves from the urban areas, until 30-time higher compared to those from the remote sites, has been observed. At each site, the similar total PAH concentrations in leaves of different age, probably due to a canopy effect, indicate an ability of all leaf age classes to monitor local PAH concentrations in air, remarking practical implications for air biomonitoring. The findings suggest that PAH adsorption in Q. ilex leaves does not result limited by leaf lipid content. Moreover, this study demonstrates the source-diagnostic potential of Q. ilex leaves, because, in particular, the Flt/Flt + Pyr and IP/IP + B[g,h,i]P ratios indicate vehicular traffic as the main source of PAHs in the urban areas and wood combustion in the remote areas. Moreover, to distinguish biomass combustion source, a promising tracer PAH as DB[a,h]A could be used. The high contribution of DB[a,h]A to total PAH concentrations at the remote sites determines a high carcinogenic potential in this area, similar to that calculated for the urban area where the carcinogenic PAH concentrations in absolute values are often higher.

  15. Inhibitory effects of total saponins from Ilex pubescens Hook against ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Purpose: To study the protective effects of total saponins from Ilex pubescens Hook (IPTS) against cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Methods: Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Benhnken Design (BBD) was carried out to optimize the extraction of IPTS. Thereafter, H9c2 cell model prepared by hydrogen ...

  16. Azadirachtin on Oligonychus yothersi in yerba mate Ilex paraguariensis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Francisco Angeli Alves

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: The red mite Oligonychus yothersi is one of the main pests of yerba mate in Brazil The damage this mite causes leads to leaf drop and decreased production. There are no registered acaricides for use in yerba mate; thus, laboratory and field experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of azadirachtin (Azamax(r, 250mL 100L-1 for the control of the red mite in yerba mate. In the laboratory, azadirachtin was applied to yerba mate leaf disks before (residual contact and after (direct contact infestation with 15 newly emerged red mite adult females. The effect of azadirachtin on mite behavior was evaluated in arenas with treated and untreated yerba mate leaves, and the number of mites in both areas was recorded. Ovicidal action was evaluated by applying azadirachtin to eggs and recording egg hatching. In the field, two applications of the product were performed (1L spray liquid plant-1 with a 7-day interval. The numbers of living mites were evaluated at 7, 14 and 21 days following the first application on randomly collected leaves. It was observed 86.6 and 91.4% of mortality following 24h of residual and direct contact, respectively. Repellent (62% of individuals leaving the treated area and ovicidal (98.9% decrease in egg hatching effects were also observed. The mite population in the yerba mate crop field had decreased by 59.6% at 14 days after the first application of azadirachtin. The results show the potential of azadirachtin for the control of O. yothersi in yerba mate in Brazil.

  17. Constituents of antibacterial extract of Caesalpinia paraguariensis Burk.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Woldemichael, Girma M; Singh, Maya P; Maiese, William M; Timmermann, Barbara N

    2003-01-01

    The Argentinean legume Caesalpinia paraguariensis Burk. (Fabaceae) was selected for further fractionation work based on the strong antimicrobial activity of its CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1 v/v) extract against a host of clinically significant microorganisms, including antibiotic resistant strains. 1D and 2D NMR enabled the identification of the novel benzoxecin derivative caesalpinol along with the known compounds bilobetin, stigma-5-en-3-O-beta-6'-stearoylglucopyranoside, stigma-5-en-3-beta-6'-palmitoylglucopyranoside, stigma-5-en-3-beta-glucopyranoside, oleanolic acid, 3-O-(E)-hydroxycinnamoyl oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, 3-O-(E)-hydroxycinnamoyl betulinic acid, and lupeol from the active fractions. Oleanolic acid was found active against Bacillus subtilis and both methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus with MICs of 8 (17.5 microM), 8 and 64 (140 microM) microg/ml, respectively. The rest of the compounds, however, did not show activity.

  18. Complex phylogenetic placement of ilex species (aquifoliaceae): a case study of molecular phylogeny

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yi, F.; Sun, L.; Xiao, P.G.; Hao, D.C.

    2017-01-01

    To investigate the phylogenetic relationships among Ilex species distributed in China, we analyzed two alignments including 4,698 characters corresponding to six plastid sequences (matK, rbcL, atpB-rbcL, trnL-F, psbA-trnH, and rpl32-trnL) and 1,748 characters corresponding to two nuclear sequences (ITS and nepGS). Using different partitioning strategies and approaches (i.e., Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony) for phylogeny reconstruction, different topologies and clade supports were determined. A total of 18 Ilex species was divided into two major groups (group I and II) in both plastid and nuclear phylogenies with some incongruences. Potential hybridization events may account, in part, for those phylogenetic uncertainties. The analyses, together with previously identified sequences, indicated that all 18 species were recovered within Eurasia or Asia/North America groups based on plastid data. Meanwhile, the species in group II in the nuclear phylogeny were placed in the Aquifolium clade, as inferred from traditional classification, whereas the species in group I belonged to several other clades. The divergence time of most of the 18 Ilex species was estimated to be not more than 10 million years ago. Based on the results of this study, we concluded that paleogeographical events and past climate changes during the same period might have played important roles in these diversifications. (author)

  19. Short communication: Aqueous-acetone extraction improves the drawbacks of using dimethylsulfoxide as solvent for photometric pigment quantification in Quercus ilex leaves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosario Gonzalez-Cascon

    2017-10-01

    Research highlights: Oxidizing conditions and polyphenol concentrations in Q. ilex leaves generated brown colorations in the DMSO extraction procedure, interfering with the photometric measurements in the red-orange region. Aqueous-acetone extraction was free from interference. DMSO should be avoided for pigment determination in Q. ilex leaves or when comparing different tree species.

  20. Morphological and physiological divergences within Quercus ilex support the existence of different ecotypes depending on climatic dryness.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peguero-Pina, José Javier; Sancho-Knapik, Domingo; Barrón, Eduardo; Camarero, Julio Jesús; Vilagrosa, Alberto; Gil-Pelegrín, Eustaquio

    2014-08-01

    Several studies show apparently contradictory findings about the functional convergence within the Mediterranean woody flora. In this context, this study evaluates the variability of functional traits within holm oak (Quercus ilex) to elucidate whether provenances corresponding to different morphotypes represent different ecotypes locally adapted to the prevaling stress levels. Several morphological and physiological traits were measured at leaf and shoot levels in 9-year-old seedlings of seven Q. ilex provenances including all recognized morphotypes. Plants were grown in a common garden for 9 years under the same environmental conditions to avoid possible biases due to site-specific characteristics. Leaf morphometry clearly separates holm oak provenances into 'ilex' (more elongated leaves with low vein density) and 'rotundifolia' (short and rounded leaves with high vein density) morphotypes. Moreover, these morphotypes represent two consistent and very contrasting functional types in response to dry climates, mainly in terms of leaf area, major vein density, leaf specific conductivity, resistance to drought-induced cavitation and turgor loss point. The 'ilex' and 'rotundifolia' morphotypes correspond to different ecotypes as inferred from their contrasting functional traits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the combined use of morphological and physiological traits has provided support for the concept of these two holm oak morphotypes being regarded as two different species. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  1. Aqueous-acetone extraction improves the drawbacks of using dimethylsulfoxide as solvent for photometric pigment quantification in Quercus ilex leaves

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gonzalez-Cascon, R.; Jiménez-Fenoy, L.; Verdú-Fillola, I.; Martín, M.P.

    2017-01-01

    Aim of study: We evaluated the use of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for the photometric determination of chlorophyll (Chla and Chlb) and carotenoids in Quercus ilex L. leaves by comparative analysis using aqueous-acetone extraction. Area of study: a Q. ilex dehesa in Las Majadas del Tietar, Cáceres, Spain Material and methods: Q. ilex leaves were sampled during two vegetative periods. Field SPAD-502 Chlorophyll measurements and photometric chlorophyll determinations were performed. Two procedures were used: extraction of intact foliar discs at 65ºC with DMSO and fine foliar powder with cold aqueous-acetone. Main results: DMSO produced Chlb overestimation and different fitting performance for SPAD vs pigment calibrations (R2=0.64, RMSE=0.20, p<0.0001 for Chla (µg/cm2); R2=0.33, RMSE=0.23, p<0.0001 for Chlb (µg/cm2) and R2=0.50, RMSE=0.23, p<0.0001 for carotenoids (µg/cm2)). Aqueous-acetone provided more accurate predictions (R2=0.90, RMSE=0.16, p<0.0001 for Chla and R2=0.91, RMSE=0.16, p<0.0001 for Chlb, R2=0.90, RMSE=0.02, p<0.0001 for carotenoids) and mean ratio Chla/Chlb=3.6 inside the range for sun exposed leaves. Research highlights: Oxidizing conditions and polyphenol concentrations in Q. ilex leaves generated brown coloration in the DMSO extraction procedure, interfering with the photometric measurements in the red-orange region. Aqueous-acetone extraction was free from interference. DMSO should be avoided for pigment determination in Q. ilex leaves or when comparing different tree species.

  2. Aqueous-acetone extraction improves the drawbacks of using dimethylsulfoxide as solvent for photometric pigment quantification in Quercus ilex leaves

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gonzalez-Cascon, R.; Jiménez-Fenoy, L.; Verdú-Fillola, I.; Martín, M.P.

    2017-11-01

    Aim of study: We evaluated the use of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for the photometric determination of chlorophyll (Chla and Chlb) and carotenoids in Quercus ilex L. leaves by comparative analysis using aqueous-acetone extraction. Area of study: a Q. ilex dehesa in Las Majadas del Tietar, Cáceres, Spain Material and methods: Q. ilex leaves were sampled during two vegetative periods. Field SPAD-502 Chlorophyll measurements and photometric chlorophyll determinations were performed. Two procedures were used: extraction of intact foliar discs at 65ºC with DMSO and fine foliar powder with cold aqueous-acetone. Main results: DMSO produced Chlb overestimation and different fitting performance for SPAD vs pigment calibrations (R2=0.64, RMSE=0.20, p<0.0001 for Chla (µg/cm2); R2=0.33, RMSE=0.23, p<0.0001 for Chlb (µg/cm2) and R2=0.50, RMSE=0.23, p<0.0001 for carotenoids (µg/cm2)). Aqueous-acetone provided more accurate predictions (R2=0.90, RMSE=0.16, p<0.0001 for Chla and R2=0.91, RMSE=0.16, p<0.0001 for Chlb, R2=0.90, RMSE=0.02, p<0.0001 for carotenoids) and mean ratio Chla/Chlb=3.6 inside the range for sun exposed leaves. Research highlights: Oxidizing conditions and polyphenol concentrations in Q. ilex leaves generated brown coloration in the DMSO extraction procedure, interfering with the photometric measurements in the red-orange region. Aqueous-acetone extraction was free from interference. DMSO should be avoided for pigment determination in Q. ilex leaves or when comparing different tree species.

  3. Drought stress does not protect Quercus ilex L. from ozone effects: results from a comparative study of two subspecies differing in ozone sensitivity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alonso, R; Elvira, S; González-Fernández, I; Calvete, H; García-Gómez, H; Bermejo, V

    2014-03-01

    Long-term effects of ozone (O3) exposure and drought stress were assessed on two subspecies of Quercus ilex: ssp. ilex and ssp. ballota. Two-year-old seedlings were continuously exposed for 26 months in open-top chambers to three O3 treatments: charcoal filtered air, non-filtered air and non-filtered air supplemented with 40 nl · l(-1) O3. Additionally, two irrigation regimes were adopted: half of the plants were well-watered and the others received half of the water supplied to control plants. Growth, shoot water potential and gas exchange rates were assessed seasonally, and biomass accumulation was determined at the end of the experiment. Drought stress caused higher reductions of gas exchange, growth and biomass accumulation than O3 exposure in both subspecies. The combination of O3 and drought stress caused further decreases of accumulated aboveground biomass but no additive effects were observed on gas exchange rates or root biomass. Thus, drought stress did not protect Q. ilex from O3 effects on biomass when the response of the whole plant was considered. Q. ilex ssp. ballota was more sensitive to O3 and ssp. ilex was more affected by drought stress. The different O3 sensitivity was not only related to pollutant uptake but also to the ability of plants for resource acquisition and allocation. Based on biomass dose-response functions, Q. ilex is more resistant to O3 than other European evergreen tree species, however, O3 represents an additional stress factor that might be impairing plant ability to withstand current and future climate change. © 2013 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.

  4. Leaf gas exchange and fluorescence of Phillyrea latifolia, Pistacia lentiscus and Quercus ilex saplings in severe drought and high temperature conditions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Filella, I.; Llusià, J.; Pinol, J.; Peñuelas, J.

    1998-01-01

    Saplings of Phillyrea latifolia, Pistacia lentiscus and Quercus ilex were withheld watering for 7 days, followed by reirrigation. Incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), leaf temperature, net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, and photochemical efficiency of the photosystem II (ΔF/F'm) were measured three times during the day. The watered plants had higher photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductances, ΔF/F'm and ETR than non-watered plants. However, watered plants were mildly water stressed as shown by low ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and high non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (qN). Their ΔF/F′m was low in the morning and increased in the evening, following the variations in PPFD. Watered plants of Q. ilex had lower photosynthetic activity, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic radiation use efficiency than Ph. latifolia and P. lentiscus, and, conversely, reached the highest ΔF/F′m and ETR. This seems to indicate a different relationship between photosynthetic activity and electron transport rate in Q. ilex compared to the other two species. Ph. latifolia and P. lentiscus appeared to be better adapted to severe drought than Q. ilex. (author)

  5. Primeira ocorrência de Pythium sp. E Rhizoctonia sp. causando podridão-de-raízes em ervais no Rio Grande do Sul

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor Poletto

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available In 2004, some plantations of Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. In Taquari Valley, state of Rio Grande do Sul, started presenting growth stagnation, yellowing, leaf drop and necrosis in the root system, typical symptoms of root rot. Roots samples were collected in farms of two cities and sent for analysis at the Plant Disease Laboratory at the Department of Plant Protection/CCR/UFSM. The presence of Rhizoctonia and Pythium was diagnosed and these were pathogenic when inoculated in plants of erva-mate. This is the first observation of these two fungi causing root rot in erva-mate plantations in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

  6. Comparative Drought Responses of Quercus ilex L. and Pinus sylvestris L. in a Montane Forest Undergoing a Vegetation Shift

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Aguadé

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available Different functional and structural strategies to cope with water shortage exist both within and across plant communities. The current trend towards increasing drought in many regions could drive some species to their physiological limits of drought tolerance, potentially leading to mortality episodes and vegetation shifts. In this paper, we study the drought responses of Quercus ilex and Pinus sylvestris in a montane Mediterranean forest where the former species is replacing the latter in association with recent episodes of drought-induced mortality. Our aim was to compare the physiological responses to variations in soil water content (SWC and vapor pressure deficit (VPD of the two species when living together in a mixed stand or separately in pure stands, where the canopies of both species are completely exposed to high radiation and VPD. P. sylvestris showed typical isohydric behavior, with greater losses of stomatal conductance with declining SWC and greater reductions of stored non-structural carbohydrates during drought, consistent with carbon starvation being an important factor in the mortality of this species. On the other hand, Q. ilex trees showed a more anisohydric behavior, experiencing more negative water potentials and higher levels of xylem embolism under extreme drought, presumably putting them at higher risk of hydraulic failure. In addition, our results show relatively small changes in the physiological responses of Q. ilex in mixed vs. pure stands, suggesting that the current replacement of P. sylvestris by Q. ilex will continue.

  7. The effect of winter stress on Ilex aquifolium L.previously fumigated with ozone

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ranford, Jonathan; Reiling, Kevin

    2007-01-01

    European Holly (Ilex aquifolium) received either charcoal-filtered air (CFA) or CFA with 70 nl l -1 ozone added for 7 h day -1 over a 28 day period. Plants were then transferred into cooling incubators for hardening (4 o C day/2 o C night; day length 12 h) for 7 days and then to the frosting stage (2 o C day and -5, -10 or -15 o C night) for 4 days. The plants were then placed in ambient conditions. Treatment produced significant differences in chlorophyll fluorescence data. Stomatal conductance was significantly higher for the ozone treatments though both showed a general decline over all temperature regimes. Ozone also significantly increased electrolyte leakage and reduced winter survival. These results show that ambient concentrations of ozone can reduce the tolerance of I. aquifolium to freezing stress, which may have serious implications for its establishment and survival. - Exposure to ozone decreases the winter hardening capability and markedly increases the frost sensitivity of Ilex aquifolium

  8. Particulate Matter deposition on Quercus ilex leaves in an industrial city of central Italy

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Sgrigna, G.; Saebo, A.; Gawronski, S.; Popek, R.; Calfapietra, Carlo

    2015-01-01

    Roč. 197, FEB 2015 (2015), s. 187-194 ISSN 0269-7491 Institutional support: RVO:67179843 Keywords : PM10 * PM2.5 * Leaf deposition * Quercus ilex * urban environment * atmospheric pollution Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour Impact factor: 4.839, year: 2015

  9. [Chemical constituents from stems of Ilex pubescens].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xing, Xian-dong; Zhang, Qian; Feng, Feng; Liu, Wen-yuan

    2012-09-01

    To study the chemical constituents from the stems of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Am. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various column chromatographic methods with diatomite, silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified on physical properties and spectroscopic methods. Nine compounds were isolated and determined as luteolin(1), quercetin(2), hyperoside(3), rutin(4), 1, 5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone(5),3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid-1-O-beta-D-glucoside(6), hexadecanoic acid(7), stearic acid(8), n-tetratriacontanol(9), respectively. All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 5 and 6 are isolated from this genus for the first time.

  10. The enigma of Calonectria species occurring on leaves of Ilex aquifolium in Europe

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lechat, C.; Crous, P.W.; Groenewald, J.Z.

    2010-01-01

    Species of Calonectria are common saprobes and plant pathogens on a wide range of hosts occurring in subtropical to tropical regions of the world. The aim of the present study was to resolve the status of new Calonectria collections obtained on Ilex leaves from France. Based on DNA sequence data of

  11. Arsenic, cadmium and lead concentrations in Yerba mate commercialized in Southern Brazil by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lisia Maria Gobbo dos Santos

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: “Mate” or “Yerba Mate” (Ilex paraguariensis is a native South American plant, commonly consumed in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and southern Brazil. Recent research has detected the presence of many vitamins and metals in this plant. Theses metals are also part of yerba mate’s mineral composition, due to soil and water contamination by pesticides and fertilizers, coal and oil combustion, vehicle emissions, mining, smelting, refining and the incineration of urban and industrial waste. Regardless of their origin, some inorganic elements, such as arsenic, cadmium and lead, are considered toxic, since they accumulate in all plant tissues and are, thus, introduced into the food chain. In this context, the aim of the present study was to determine and compare arsenic, cadmium, lead concentrations in 104 samples of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis marketed, and consumed in three southern Brazilian States, namely Paraná (PR, Santa Catarina (SC and Rio Grande do Sul (RS. Each element was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, on a Nexion 300D equipment (Perkin Elmer. As, Cd and Pb concentrations in yerba mate leaves ranged from 0.015 to 0.15mg kg-1, 0.18 to 1.25mg kg-1 and 0.1 to 1.20mg kg-1, respectively. Regarding Cd, 84% of the samples from RS, 63% from PR and 75% from SC showed higher concentrations than the maximum permissible limit of 0.4mg kg-1 established by the Brazilian National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA, while 7% of the samples from RS and 5% from PR were unsatisfactory for Pb. Concentrations were below the established ANVISA limit of 0.6mg kg-1 for all samples.

  12. Science.gov (United States)

    Scotta, Ana Verónica; Bongiovanni, Guillermina Azucena; Soria, Elio Andrés

    2018-03-21

    Antecedentes: Clorpirifos es un pesticida altamente tóxico, que puede producir inmunotoxicidad con efectos deletéreos sobre la salud a nivel mundial. Por otro lado, las plantas americanas pueden tener derivados con actividad protectora e inmunoestimulante. Por lo tanto, debe evaluarse el potencial de estas plantas frente a clorpirifos. Objetivo: Identificar extractos acuosos bioactivos de Lantana grisebachii (LG), Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (AQ), Peumus boldus (PB), e Ilex paraguariensis (IP), contra la toxicidad de clorpirifos sobre esplenocitos de hembras Balb/c. Materiales y Métodos: Esplenocitos fueron tratados in vitro por 72 horas con 0-35 µg/mL de clorpirifos, 0-100 µg/mL de cada extracto (LG, AQ, PB, IP) y 0-5 µg/mL de concanavalina A. Luego, se midió y analizó estadísticamente viabilidad y muerte celular (tinciones de resazurina y yoduro de propidio), hidroperóxidos, lipoperóxidos (ensayos basados en naranja de xilenol), actividad de la ?-glutamiltranspeptidasa (método de Szasz). Resultados: Clorpirifos redujo la viabilidad celular de forma dosis dependiente, lo que fue contrarrestado por AQ e IP, los que fueron menos activos en las células inducibles por concanavalina A (p<0,05). La toxicidad por clorpirifos implicó la inducción de la ?-glutamiltranspeptidasa con la consecuente reducción de los peróxidos, mientras que AQ y principalmente IP antagonizaron dichas respuestas (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Los extractos de Ilex paraguariensis y Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco protegieron in vitro a los esplenocitos frente a clorpirifos. Este efecto dependió del tipo celular, dado que las células inducibles por concanavalina A fueron más susceptibles a este tóxico.

  13. INFLUÊNCIA DA AMÔNIA E OXIGÊNIO DA ÁGUA IN VIVO E DA ERVA-MATE EX VIVO SOBRE A ESTABILIDADE LIPÍDICA DE FILÉS DE DOURADO

    OpenAIRE

    Ana Paula de Lima Veeck

    2008-01-01

    Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da exposição in vivo a concentrações estressantes de amônia e oxigênio na água e do tratamento com extrato de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) post mortem sobre a estabilidade lipídica de filés de dourado (Salminus brasiliensis). Foi avaliada a influência de diferentes níveis de amônia e oxigênio sobre a composição centesimal, composição de ácidos graxos e a peroxidação lipídica de filés de dourado, assim como a estabilidade desses filés d...

  14. Air pollution effects on quercus ilex plants; Effetti dell`inquinamento atmosferico sulle leccete dei monti Climiti (Sicilia sud-Orientale)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pavone, P.; Salmeri, C. [Catania Univ. (Italy), Dip. di Botanica; Spampinato, G. [Reggio Calabria Univ. (Italy), Dip. di Agrochimica e Agrobiologia; Fallico, R.; Ferrante, M. [Catania Univ. (Italy), Ist. di Igiene e Medicina Preventiva

    1996-07-01

    To test air pollution effects on natural forest vegetation, the soil chemistry and the floristic composition of two Quercus ilex L. woods in the Hyblean region (S-E Sicily), unequally exposed to air pollutants are compared. Acidification phenomena are investigated by the soil chemical changes between the trunk base areas, affected by stem flow water, and the surrounding soil, only influenced by canopy drip. Soil chemical changes, floristic poorness and direct damage to the Q. ilex leaves are only detected in the Climiti Mountains holm-oak woods, located near the Siracusa petrochemical complex, while they do not appear at Cava d`Ispica, sited far from any industry and seldom exposed to winds carrying pollutants.

  15. Plant extracts, metaldehyde and saline solutions on the population control of Bradybaena similaris

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Junir Antonio Lutinski

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: This study aimed to test the efficiency of plant extracts, metaldehyde and saline solutions, as alternatives to the population control of the snail Bradybaena similaris , and to investigate the effect of the plant extracts in reducing the damage of the snail on Brassica oleracea . The experiments were performed at the Entomology Laboratory of the Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó, using a random experimental design with nine treatments in triplicate. Five adult individuals of B. similaris were subjected to each trial, totaling 135 snails. The following treatments were tested: cinnamon ( Melia azedarach , timbó ( Ateleia glazioveana , rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis , mate herb ( Ilex paraguariensis , two concentrations of metaldehyde (3% and 5%, two concentrations of salt solution (5% and 10 %, and a control treatment (distilled water. To evaluate the survival of B. similaris it was checked the treatments every 24 hours, over four consecutive days. The results revealed that the two concentrations of metaldehyde were fully efficient, that the saline solution (10% had and intermediate efficiency, and that all other treatments were not effective. The treatment with the M. azedarach extract induced a higher consumption of B. oleracea , while the saline solution at 10% and the extracts of R. officinalis and I. paraguariensis inhibited leaf consumption.

  16. Composição mineral do produto comercial da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. Mineral composition of a commercial product from mate-herb (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Reges Heinrichs

    2001-10-01

    Full Text Available Com o objetivo de quantificar e avaliar a concentração mineral na matéria seca e na infusão de erva-mate tipo chimarrão, selecionaram-se três amostras comerciais, com ampla aceitação pelo consumidor, as quais foram amostradas com quatro repetições. Na industrialização da erva-mate tipo chimarrão, são utilizadas folhas, pecíolos e ramos finos, tendo uma composição aproximada de 30% ramos e 70% folhas, que são beneficiados para posterior comercialização. O preparo das amostras e as análises foram efetuadas no Laboratório de Nutrição Mineral de Plantas do Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/USP. Para determinação da composição mineral da matéria seca, as amostras foram moídas em moinho "tipo Willey", com posterior digestão e determinação dos teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Na e Pb. Para determinação dos elementos na infusão, utilizaram-se 70g de erva-mate para um litro de água desionizada a 80ºC, simulando-se a temperatura para chimarrão, mantendo-se até esfriar e posteriormente coando-se. Os elementos analisados na infusão foram os determinados na matéria seca e, além destes, Mo, Ba, Si e Sr, exceto Co. As leituras das concentrações foram realizadas através da espectrometria de emissão atômica com plasma de argônio. Na matéria seca, os elementos que apresentaram maior destaque é a concentração são Mg e Mn. As maiores concentrações na infusão da erva-mate, em ordem decrescente, foram: K; Mg; S; Ca e P. Quanto à solubilidade do elemento, em relação a sua concentração na matéria seca foi a seguinte: B > S-SO4 > Zn > K > P > Mg =Mn > Cu > Cr, os demais apresentaram valores menores que 30%. A infusão da erva-mate apresenta altas concentrações de K, Mg e Mn (por ser um micronutriente, intermediárias de S, Ca e P, baixa de Al e zero de Cd e Pb.The mineral composition of three commercial mate products and of the infusions thereof were evaluated, being four replicates used. In the industrial processing of 'chimarrão' mate-herb, leaves and twigs are employed, having an approximate proportion of 70% and 30% respectively. Both in the commercial mate products and their infusions N was determined by micro-Kjeldahl whereas P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Na, and Pb were analysed either by atomic absorption or by argon plasma. In the commercial product Mg and Mn were the main elements. In the infusions higher concentrations were in decreasing order: K, Mg, S, Ca and P. Solubility obeyed the order: B > S-SO4 > Zn > K > P > Mg =Mn > Cu > Cr. The remaining elements showed lower 30% soluble proportions. The infusion has high concentrations of K, Mg and Mn (a micronutrient, intermediate ones for S, Ca and P, low level of Al, and zero concentrations of Cd and Pb.

  17. Intersectional gene flow between insular endemics of Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) on the Bonin Islands and the Ryukyu Islands.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Setoguchi, H; Watanabe, I

    2000-06-01

    Hybridization and introgression play important roles in plant evolution, and their occurrence on the oceanic islands provides good examples of plant speciation and diversification. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and trnL (UAA) 3'exon-trnF (GAA) intergenic spacer (IGS) sequences of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), and the sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were examined to investigate the occurrence of gene transfer in Ilex species on the Bonin Islands and the Ryukyu Islands in Japan. A gene phylogeny for the plastid genome is in agreement with the morphologically based taxonomy, whereas the nuclear genome phylogeny clusters putatively unrelated endemics both on the Bonin and the Ryukyu Islands. Intersectional hybridization and nuclear gene flow were independently observed in insular endemics of Ilex on both sets of islands without evidence of plastid introgression. Gene flow observed in these island systems can be explained by ecological features of insular endemics, i.e., limits of distribution range or sympatric distribution in a small land area.

  18. Molecular Evidence for the Hybrid Origin of Ilex dabieshanensis (Aquifoliaceae.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lin Shi

    Full Text Available Ilex, the largest genus of dioecious woody plants, is a good study system to assess the role of hybridization in speciation and evolution. Ilex dabieshanensis, a tree endemic to Dabieshan Mountains region, was initially described as a new species. Based on morphological intermediacy and sympatric distribution with its putative parental species, I. cornuta and I. latifolia, we proposed it as a natural hybrid between them. In this study, we sequenced one chloroplast intergenic spacer (trnH-psbA and two nuclear genes (gapC and nepGS in I. dabieshanensis and its putative parental species to test the hybrid origin hypothesis. Our results showed that there were one to two differentially fixed sequence differences between I. cornuta and I. latifolia at the two nuclear genes. Twelve of the 14 individuals of I. dabieshanensis exhibited additivity in chromatograms on these differentially fixed sites at both nuclear genes, and the remaining two exhibited additivity in chromatograms on the fixed site at only the nepGS gene. Except one haplotype of I. cornuta at the nepGS gene, all of the haplotypes of I. cornuta at the two nuclear genes were well separated from those of I. latifolia, and most haplotypes of I. dabieshanensis were shared with those of I. cornuta and I. latifolia. Phylogenetic analysis of these haplotypes was largely consistent with haplotype network analysis. I. cornuta and I. latifolia differed by two nucleotide substitutions in the chloroplast intergenic spacer, and 12 individuals of I. dabieshanensis had the same sequences as I. latifolia, while the remaining two were identical with I. cornuta. The molecular data provide convincing evidence for the hybrid origin of I. dabieshanensis and asymmetrical direction of hybridization. One haplotype of I. cornuta at the nepGS gene was nested with those of I. latifolia, indicating introgression to I. cornuta.

  19. EX VITRO ROOTING AND ACCLIMATIZATION OF Ilex paraguariensis A. St Hil. MICROCUTTINGS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kenia Michele de Quadros Tronco

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available The technique of microcutting and ex vitro rooting can result in plantlets with better quality of radicular system and larger number of secondary roots, when compared with conventional cutting. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ex vitro rooting and acclimatization of holly microcuttings in different doses of phytoregulator indole-3-butyric acid (IBA and substrate. In the growth room were evaluated different doses of indole-3-butyric acid (0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg.L-1 and different substrates used pure (coarse sand, carbonized rice husk, vermiculite, coconut fiber and commercial substrate. In humid chamber were evaluated the same pure substrates and the following combinations of the same volume ratios: carbonized rice husk + coarse sand; carbonized rice husk + coarse sand + commercial substrate; carbonized rice husk + commercial substrate. The ex vitro rooting and acclimation of holly microcuttings can be done in the humid chamber, necessitating the use of indole-3-butyric acid at a dose of 1250 mg.L-1. The substrate composed in equal proportions of carbonized rice husk + coarse sand + commercial substrate provided a higher percentage of rooted microcuttings.

  20. Ozone induced leaf loss and decreased leaf production of European Holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) over multiple seasons

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ranford, Jonathan; Reiling, Kevin

    2007-01-01

    European Holly (Ilex aquifolium L.) was used to study the impact of one short (28 day) ozone fumigation episode on leaf production, leaf loss and stomatal conductance (g s ), in order to explore potential longer term effects over 3 growing seasons. Young I. aquifolium plants received an episode of either charcoal-filtered air or charcoal-filtered air with 70 nl l -1 O 3 added for 7 h d -1 over a 28 day period from June 15th 1996, then placed into ambient environment, Stoke-on-Trent, U.K. Data were collected per leaf cohort over the next three growing seasons. Ozone exposure significantly increased leaf loss and stomatal conductance and reduced leaf production over all subsequent seasons. Impact of the initial ozone stress was still detected in leaves that had no direct experimental ozone exposure. This study has shown the potential of ozone to introduce long-term phenological perturbations into ecosystems by influencing productivity over a number of seasons. - Ozone significantly alters Ilex aquifolium leaf production and loss over multiple seasons

  1. ATIVIDADE INSETICIDA DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS SOBRE O Callosobruchus maculatus (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonia Mirian Nogueira de Moura Guerra

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of eight medicinal plants on Callosobruchus maculatus (F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae. Plant powder from Rosmarinus officinalis (L. leaves, Peumus boldus (Mol leaves, Matricaria chamomilla (L. flowers, Baccharis trimera (Less. leaves, Camellia sinensis (L. leaves, Thea sinensis (L. leaves, Ilex paraguariensis (St. Hil. leaves, and fruits of Pimpinella anisum (L. were used in the experiment. Bioassays were carried out under constant conditions of temperature (28±2 °C, relative humidity (70±5% and scotophase of 24 hours. Experimental units consisted of 20 grams of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp. grains with 13% wet basis moisture content, 2 g plant powder and ten adult insects, both placed in plastic containers (60 mm in diameter x 60 mm high. The analyzed variables included: insect mortality, oviposition (egg number and instantaneous rate of population growth (ri. The number of dead insects was recorded 5 days after bioassays were started, the egg number was recorded after 12 days, and ri was estimated on the 60th day. All the tested plants had toxicity to C. maculatus. The highest mortality was found in insects treated with P. boldus and I. paraguariensis. Number of eggs and ri also varied significantly among the powders. The lowest mean values for these parameters were recorded in the plots treated with P. boldus, P. anisum and R. officinalis.

  2. Enrichment and purification of pedunculoside and syringin from the barks of Ilex rotunda with macroporous resins

    OpenAIRE

    Wang, Chun; Chao, Zhimao; Sun, Wen; Wu, Xiaoyi; Ito, Yoichiro

    2013-01-01

    Jiubiying, the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae), has been used as herbal tea and traditional Chinese medicine for heat-clearing, detoxifying, dehumidification, and odynolysis. Pedunculoside and syringin are two main bioactive components. For the new drug development, we tried to isolate and purify several chemical constituents from Jiubiying by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The two-phase solvent system used was composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (...

  3. Experimental drought reduced acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and increased organic extractable P in soil in a Quercus ilex Mediterranean forest

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Sardans, J.; Penuelas, J.; Ogaya, R.

    2008-01-01

    A six-year (1999-2005) experiment of drought manipulation was conducted in a Quercus ilex Mediterranean forest (Southern Catalonia) to simulate predicted climatic conditions projected for the decades to come. The aim was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of drought conditions on acid

  4. ISOLATION OF GLYCOSIDES FROM THE BARKS OF ILEX ROTUNDA BY HIGH-SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY

    OpenAIRE

    Wang, Chun; Chao, Zhimao; Sun, Wen; Wu, Xiaoyi; Ito, Yoichiro

    2013-01-01

    Semi-preparative and preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) were successfully used for isolation of glycosides from 50% ethanol extract of the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae) by using a two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (1:6:7, v/v/v). From 1.0 g of the extract, syringaresinol 4',4"-di-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (I, 20.2 mg),, syringin (II, 56.8 mg), sinapaldehyde glucoside (III, 26.2 mg),, syringaresinol 4'-o-β-d-glucopyra...

  5. ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL E REGENERAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS NA FLORESTA NACIONAL DE SÃO FRANCISCO DE PAULA, RIO GRANDE DO SUL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angela Luciana de Avila

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize the population structure and aspects of regeneration of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. Kuntze, Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth O. Berg and Ilex paraguariensis A. St.- Hil. in different environmental and disturbance conditions in the National Forest of São Francisco de Paula, RS state. Six conglomerates of one hectare were used, with 16 plots (20 x 20 m each, where the species were sampled in three size classes. The size class II (SC II – diameter at breast height (DBH ≥ 9.55 cm was sampled in 96 plots, the SC I (4.8 ≤ DBH < 9.55 cm in 36 subplots of 10 x 10 m, and the established natural regeneration (ENR (1 ≤ DBH < 4.8 cm in 36 cells of 3.16 x 3.16 m. The seedling bank (SB - height ≥ 30 cm and DBH < 1 cm, the seed rain (SR and the soil seed bank (SSB were sampled in all plots of 20 x 20 m. The data were analysed by taking into account all the different vegetation groups together and separately for each cluster identified in a previous study. For SC II, the frequency distribution of DBH was analysed combined with the analysis of absolute density and frequency for all life stages (SR, SSB, SB, ENR, SC I and SC II. The results indicated high variability in density of these species among the different life stages and environmental conditions. Araucaria angustifolia presented gaps in the regeneration process in areas that had low past disturbance, not showing the “reverse-J” distribution (SC II and with lower regeneration capacity in relation to the other species (SR, SSB and SB. Ilex paraguariensis and Blepharocalyx salicifolius showed higher population stability in environment with low level of human interference (SC II. The first species demonstrated preference for soils with good drainage, while the second species for humid soils. Moreover, gaps in the regeneration process of different populations were detected, which changed according to environmental conditions and

  6. LC-MS/MS Determination and Pharmacokinetic Study of Pedunculoside in Rat Plasma after Oral Administration of Pedunculoside and Ilex rotunda Extract

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Waiou Zhao

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Ilex rotunda is widely used to treat many disorders as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM containing 4%–5% pedunculoside (PDC. A rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS was developed and validated to determine PDC in rat plasma by using 3β,19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (DEOG as an internal standard. The analytes were extracted by protein precipitation and eluted on a C18 chromatography column using a mobile phase of methanol–H2O (70:30, v/v delivered at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. Detection was performed using positive ion electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring modes. The assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.60 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL, with a quantification limit of 0.60 ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precisions (%RSD ranged from 2.12 to 9.51 for PDC, whereas the accuracy was within −7.83%~9.40%. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of PDC in rat plasma after oral administration of pure PDC and Ilex rotunda extract (IRE. Pharmacokinetic parameters of PDC in IRE, such as Cmax, AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, t1/2z, and CLz/F, statistically differed from those of the pure monomer (p < 0.01. However, Tmax and MRT showed no significant differences between the two groups. Results suggested that other coexisting components in IRE may decrease the absorption of PDC. Compound-compound interactions between PDC and other herbal extract components can alter the pharmacokinetic behavior of PDC. The study will be helpful in providing references for understanding the action mechanism and clinical application of Ilex rotunda.

  7. Biological aspects of Periga circumstans Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Hemileucinae with larvae reared on khaki and mate-plant leaves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Specht

    Full Text Available The goal of the present study was to investigate biological aspects of Periga circumstans Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Hemileucinae whose larvae were fed on leaves of khaki-plant (Diospyros khaki Linnaeus - Ebenaceae and Mate-plant (Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hilaire - Aquifoliaceae leaves. The biological parameters were obtained from specimens kept under controlled conditions: temperature of 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10%, and photoperiod of 12 hours. For each developmental stage, morphological and ethological parameters are described. The larvae passed through six instars with a growth average rate of 1.4 for each instar. The host plants influenced significantly only the total duration of the larval phase, which was prolonged for larvae fed on khaki-plant leaves. Several aspects related to the morphology and the ethology of P. circumstans are similar to those described for Lonomia obliqua Walker, 1855.

  8. Determinação de compostos fenólicos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência isocrática durante estacionamento da erva-mate Determination of phenolic compounds by isocratic high performance liquid chromatografic method during storage of yerba-mate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabiana L. Goularte Dutra

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Different phenolic compound, 5- caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA, caffeic acid (AC and rutin (Ru contents of yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis Brazilian samples of 06 different regions of São Mateus - Paraná, during natural and accelerated industrial storage, were evaluated. For quantification, a reverse phase HPLC isocratic method was developed and validated using methanol:water (35:65 v/v acidified with 0.5% acetic acid as mobile phase and a photodiode array detector. The six sample global average contents were (34.90 and 36.10 mg g-1 for 5-CQA, (0.18 mg g-1 and 0.23 mg g-1 for AC and (7.12 and 7.18 mg g-1 for Ru, respectively, for the natural and accelerated storage systems. The results showed that the 5-CQA and Ru content are kept constant during the storage while AC content increase only during accelerated storage.

  9. Large-scale patterns of Quercus ilex, Quercus suber, and Quercus pyrenaica regeneration in central-western Spain

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Plieninger, Tobias; Rolo, Víctor; Moreno, Gerardo

    2010-01-01

    In Central-Western Spain, forests and woodlands composed of Quercus sp. support outstanding levels of biodiversity, but there is increasing concern about their long-term persistence due to a lack of regeneration. We hypothesize that this regenerative lack is operating on a large geographic scale....... Regeneration was positively correlated with tree cover and density, especially of small and medium-sized trees, and negatively correlated with the presence of large trees, indicating that regeneration failure is mostly associated with more open, uniform, and/or aged woodlands. Regeneration densities of Q. ilex...

  10. Micropropagación de Ilex kunthiana Triana & Planchon (Aquifoliaceae, una especie de gran importancia en programas de revegetalización

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Alonso Pedroza–Manrique

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se evalúo el cultivo de tejidos vegetales in vitro como una alternativa en la propagación y preservación de Ilex kunthiana, especie endémica de gran interés en programas de revegetalización. Se determinó que el efecto del Benlate® a 0,5% durante 12 horas y el hipoclorito de sodio al 0,5% por 1 min., como agentes desinfectantes de las semillas, permiten obtener el 100% de explantes adaptados a condiciones in vitro. Las semillas son cultivadas en medio MS con Ácido Giberélico (AG3 (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 mg/L. Cuando las plántulas germinaron, se aislaron los nudos con yemas axilares y se cultivaron en medio MS enriquecido con la Auxina Ácido Indol Butírico (AIB (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 mg/L y la citoquinina 6-bencilaminopurina (BAP (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 mg/L. A fin de inducir su enraizamiento, posteriormente los brotes regenerados se cultivaron con las Auxinas Ácido Indol Butírico (AIB (0,0, 0,5, 1,0 mg/L y Ácido Naftalén Acético (ANA (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 mg/L. Se estableció que 0,5 mg/L de AG3 favoreció la 100% de germinación de las semillas que fueron la fuente de los nudos. El mejor índice de formación de brotes se logró cuando los nudos se cultivaron con 0,5 mg/L del BAP y 0,5 mg/L del AIB que posteriormente fueron exitosamente enraizados con 0,5 mg/L de AIB, estableciendo las condiciones mas adecuadas para la propagación in vitro de Ilex kunthiana. Palabras clave: Ilex kunthiana; micropropagación; plantas en vías de extinción; AIB; BAP; micropropagatio; endangered plant.

  11. Different sources of reduced carbon contribute to form three classes of terpenoid emitted by Quercus ilex L. leaves

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Loreto, F.; Ciccioli, P.; Brancaleoni, E.; Cecinato, A.; Frattoni, M.; Sharkey, T.D.

    1996-01-01

    Quercus ilex L. leaves emit terpenes but do not have specialized structures for terpene storage. We exploited this unique feature to investigate terpene biosynthesis in intact leaves of Q. ilex. Light induction allowed us to distinguish three classes of terpenes: (i) a rapidly induced class including alpha-pinene; (ii) a more slowly induced class, including cis-beta-ocimene; and (iii) the most slowly induced class, including 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol. Using 13C, we found that alpha-pinene and cis-beta-ocimene were labeled quickly and almost completely while there was a delay before label appeared in linalool and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol. The acetyl group of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl acetate was labeled quickly but label was limited to 20% of the moiety. It is suggested that the ocimene class of monoterpenes is made from one or more terpenes of the alpha-pinene class and that both classes are made entirely from reduced carbon pools inside the chloroplasts. Linalool and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol are made from a different pool of reduced carbon, possibly in nonphotosynthetic plastids. The acetyl group of the 3-methyl-3-buten-1-yl acetate is derived mostly from carbon that does not participate in photosynthetic reactions. Low humidity and prolonged exposure to light favored ocimenes emission and induced linalool emission. This may indicate conversion between terpene classes

  12. Determination of Flavonoids, Phenolic Acids, and Xanthines in Mate Tea (Ilex paraguariensis St.-Hil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mirza Bojić

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Raw material, different formulations of foods, and dietary supplements of mate demands control of the content of bioactive substances for which high performance thin layer chromatography (TLC, described here, presents simple and rapid approach for detections as well as quantification. Using TLC densitometry, the following bioactive compounds were identified and quantified: chlorogenic acid (2.1 mg/g, caffeic acid (1.5 mg/g, rutin (5.2 mg/g, quercetin (2.2 mg/g, and kaempferol (4.5 mg/g. The results obtained with TLC densitometry for caffeine (5.4 mg/g and theobromine (2.7 mg/g show no statistical difference to the content of total xanthines (7.6 mg/g obtained by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Thus, TLC remains a technique of choice for simple and rapid analysis of great number of samples as well as a primary screening technique in plant analysis.

  13. Chemical characterization of candy made of Erva-Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) residue.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vieira, Manoela A; Rovaris, Angela A; Maraschin, Marcelo; De Simas, Karina N; Pagliosa, Cristiane M; Podestá, Rossana; Amboni, Renata D M C; Barreto, Pedro L M; Amante, Edna R

    2008-06-25

    The aim of this work was to evaluate the chemical properties of the residues from erva-mate processing and also to determine the candy-making performance with addition of residues from erva-mate on consumers' acceptance and purchase intent of this new product. The candies containing different amounts of mate powder were evaluated through overall acceptability test and purchase intent. Mate powder showed high contents of dietary fiber, total ash, and total polyphenols. The total dietary fiber content of the mate candies ranged from 5.7 to 6.29% on a dry matter basis. Supplementation with mate powder caused significant increases in polyphenol and mineral contents of mate candies. The incorporation of mate powder increased the hardness of the candies and produced desirable results in their nutritional characteristics. The sensory tests indicated that mate candies were acceptable and approved in relation to purchase intent.

  14. Atmospheric pollutants in peri-urban forests of Quercus ilex: evidence of pollution abatement and threats for vegetation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    García-Gómez, Héctor; Aguillaume, Laura; Izquieta-Rojano, Sheila; Valiño, Fernando; Àvila, Anna; Elustondo, David; Santamaría, Jesús M; Alastuey, Andrés; Calvete-Sogo, Héctor; González-Fernández, Ignacio; Alonso, Rocío

    2016-04-01

    Peri-urban vegetation is generally accepted as a significant remover of atmospheric pollutants, but it could also be threatened by these compounds, with origin in both urban and non-urban areas. To characterize the seasonal and geographical variation of pollutant concentrations and to improve the empirical understanding of the influence of Mediterranean broadleaf evergreen forests on air quality, four forests of Quercus ilex (three peri-urban and one remote) were monitored in different areas in Spain. Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ammonia (NH3), nitric acid (HNO3) and ozone (O3) were measured during 2 years in open areas and inside the forests and aerosols (PM10) were monitored in open areas during 1 year. Ozone was the only air pollutant expected to have direct phytotoxic effects on vegetation according to current thresholds for the protection of vegetation. The concentrations of N compounds were not high enough to directly affect vegetation but could be contributing through atmospheric N deposition to the eutrophization of these ecosystems. Peri-urban forests of Q. ilex showed a significant below-canopy reduction of gaseous concentrations (particularly NH3, with a mean reduction of 29-38%), which indicated the feasibility of these forests to provide an ecosystem service of air quality improvement. Well-designed monitoring programs are needed to further investigate air quality improvement by peri-urban ecosystems while assessing the threat that air pollution can pose to vegetation.

  15. Evaluation of gamma irradiation of teas

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gerolis, Luanai G.L.; Lameiras, Fernando S.; Menezes, Maria A.B.C.; Leal, Alexandre S., E-mail: luanaigraz@yahoo.com.br [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil); Krambrock, Klaus, E-mail: klaus@fisica.ufmg.br [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Fisica. Lab. de Ressonancia Paramagnetica Eletronica

    2013-07-01

    There is a growing interest in the determination of non-essential traces elements in agroindustrial products. The continuous ingestion and accumulation in the organism of such elements, that may be toxic, can cause hazards to the human health in the long term. Reliable analytical techniques are necessary to monitor such products, including teas. In this work, the neutron activation technique is being employed to determine the trace elements in teas, due to its high sensibility and the possibility to perform a multi-elementary analysis. The gamma irradiation of teas is also being studied, because the shelf life can be extended and no chemical product is added to the teas. There is a concern related to the formation of free radicals in the teas, which is being accessed with electronic paramagnetic resonance. The results of the gamma irradiation up to 20 kGy of Camelia sinensis, Ilex paraguariensis, and Matricaria recutita are presented. (author)

  16. An Improved Clearing and Mounting Solution to Replace Chloral Hydrate in Microscopic Applications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thomas S. Villani

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available Premise of the study: This study presents Visikol™, a new proprietary formulation that can be used as an efficient replacement for chloral hydrate as a clearing agent for microscopic examination. In the United States, chloral hydrate is regulated and therefore difficult to acquire. Methods and Results: Fresh and dry samples of the following plants: ginger (Zingiber officinale, maté (Ilex paraguariensis, lime basil (Ocimum americanum, oregano (Origanum vulgare, and mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana, were cleared using Visikol or chloral hydrate solution and compared using a light microscope. Conclusions: This new method can be used successfully to clear specimens, allowing identification of diagnostic characteristics for the identification of plant materials. Visikol is as effective as chloral hydrate in providing clarity and resolution of all tissues examined. Tissues become transparent, allowing observation of deeper layers of cells and making it effective in research, botanical and quality control, and for educational applications.

  17. Mate extract as feed additive for improvement of beef quality

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    de Zawadzki, Andressa; Arrivetti, Leandro de O.R.; Vidal, Marília P.

    2017-01-01

    Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) is generally recognized as safe (GRAS status) and has a high content of alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic acids. Addition of mate extract to broilers feed has been shown to increase the oxidative stability of chicken meat, however, its effect on beef quality...... from animals supplemented with mate extract has not been investigated so far. Addition of extract of mate to a standard maize/soy feed at a level of 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5% w/w to the diet of feedlot for cattle resulted in increased levels of inosine monophosphate, creatine and carnosine in the fresh meat....... The content of total conjugated linoleic acid increased in the meat as mate extract concentration was increased in the feed. The tendency to radical formation in meat slurries as quantified by EPR spin-trapping decreased as increasing mate extract addition to feed, especially after storage of the meat...

  18. Drinking yerba mate infusion: a potential risk factor for invasive fungal diseases?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vieira, N O; Peres, A; Aquino, V R; Pasqualotto, A C

    2010-12-01

    Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) infusion is a very popular drink in South America. Although several studies have evaluated the potential for fungal contamination in foodstuff, very few investigations have been conducted with yerba mate samples. In order to evaluate for the presence of potentially pathogenic fungi, here we studied 8 brands of yerba mate commercially available in Southern Brazil. Fungal survival in adverse conditions such as gastric pH was determined by incubating samples at pH 1.5. Because hot water is generally used to prepare yerba mate infusion, the effect of several temperatures on fungal growth was also investigated. All but 1 yerba mate brand showed substantial fungal growth, in the range of <10–4900 colony-forming units per gram. Some of these fungi were able to survive extreme variations in pH and temperature. Because of the potential for yerba mate to carry pathogenic fungi, immunocompromised patients may be at risk of acquiring invasive fungal diseases by drinking yerba mate infusion.

  19. Phytochemical profile of morphologically selected yerba-mate progenies

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alice Teresa Valduga

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil is a native South American species. Plant progenies are populations that differ in terms of their productivity, morphology and phytochemical profile. This study aimed to determine the concentration of primary and secondary metabolites, such as antioxidants, in leaves, of yerba-mate progenies selected based on morphological characteristics. We evaluated the centesimal composition of secondary metabolites in the leaves of five yerba-mate plants. Methylxanthines and phenolic compounds were determined by UPLC-PDA, and antioxidant activity by measuring DPPH scavenging. Significant differences were found in centesimal composition and the contents of caffeine, theobromine, rutin and chlorogenic acid, as well as antioxidant activities, in selected progenies. The IC50 values were correlated with the chlorogenic acid levels (r2 = 0.5242 and soluble content (r2 = 0.7686. The morphological characteristics observed in yerba-mate leaves can be used as a tool for plant selection, to obtain matrices with different phytochemical profiles as a genetic material source.

  20. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of methylxanthines from maté tea leaves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.D.A. Saldaña

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available Methylxanthines are alkaloids found in natural products such as tea, coffee and guaraná. These alkaloids are commonly used in cola drinks and pharmaceutical products due principally to their stimulant and diuretic effects on the human organism. In this work, experimental data on the supercritical CO2 extraction of caffeine, theophylline and theobromine from herbal maté tea, a beverage traditionally consumed by the gauchos of southern Brazil, the Argentine, Paraguay and Uruguay, were obtained using high pressure extraction equipment that allows adequate control of temperature and pressure. The continuous extraction/fractionation of maté tea leaves, Ilex paraguariensis in natura using carbon dioxide was carried out at 313.2 and 343.2 K and pressures of 13.8 and 25.5 MPa. Extraction/fractionation curves revealed the large influence of temperature and pressure on extraction yield. CO2 was also found to show a higher selectivity for caffeine than for theophylline and theobromine.

  1. 1825 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia d´Avila

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available The erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. has a social, cultural and economic importance in the southern states of Brazil. The pure stands of this culture was responsible for the increase of many species of insects. Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae is considered the main pest from an economic viewpoint because of its difficult control and potential for damage. The larval phase occurs inside the twings and trunks, what makes more difficult to deal with its detention and management. Cultural and mechanical management are the most indicated, such as collection of adults, prunning and burning of plant parts damaged by the insect, balanced nutrition, adequate plant density and maintenance of areas with native vegetation or also the introduction of policulture. These strategies may increase the agroecossystem balance and thus a reduction of the insect-pest to an aceptable level. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assemble and the discuss the information on the bioecology and management of erva-mate borer.

  2. Evaluation of gamma irradiation of teas

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gerolis, Luanai G.L.; Lameiras, Fernando S.; Menezes, Maria A.B.C.; Leal, Alexandre S.; Krambrock, Klaus

    2013-01-01

    There is a growing interest in the determination of non-essential traces elements in agroindustrial products. The continuous ingestion and accumulation in the organism of such elements, that may be toxic, can cause hazards to the human health in the long term. Reliable analytical techniques are necessary to monitor such products, including teas. In this work, the neutron activation technique is being employed to determine the trace elements in teas, due to its high sensibility and the possibility to perform a multi-elementary analysis. The gamma irradiation of teas is also being studied, because the shelf life can be extended and no chemical product is added to the teas. There is a concern related to the formation of free radicals in the teas, which is being accessed with electronic paramagnetic resonance. The results of the gamma irradiation up to 20 kGy of Camelia sinensis, Ilex paraguariensis, and Matricaria recutita are presented. (author)

  3. Desenvolupament d'una tècnica d'empelt de surera ("Quercus suber L.") sobre alzina ("Quercus ilex L.")

    OpenAIRE

    PERIS RODRIGO, JOSEP ENRIC

    2013-01-01

    El Trabajo Final de Carrera trata principalmente de buscar la técnica de injerto que más se ajuste para realizar injertos de alcornoque (Quercus suber L.) sobre encina (Quercus ilex L.). Para ello se han probado diferentes técnicas de injerto realizadas en diferentes épocas del año, en condiciones ambientales de exterior y en condiciones de invernadero, utilizando material vegetal de alcornoque adulto y juvenil. Con ello se persigue determinar qué técnica de injerto ofrece mejores resultados ...

  4. Dimorfismo sexual en el acebo, Ilex aquifolium: ¿coste de la reproducción, selección sexual o diferenciación fisiológica? Sexual dimorphism in holly Ilex aquifolium: cost of reproduction, sexual selection or physiological differentiation?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JOSÉ RAMÓN OBESO

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available Se examina la importancia de tres hipótesis que pueden explicar la existencia de dimorfismo sexual en caracteres secundarios (tamaño en árbol dioico Ilex aquifolium (Aquifoliaceae: coste de la reproducción, competencia entre machos y diferenciación fisiológica entre sexos. Para ello se presenta una síntesis de trabajos publicados junto con nuevos resultados de tipo observacional y experimental. Durante la floración los machos invirtieron el triple de carbono y el doble de nitrógeno que las hembras. En la fructificación, los árboles hembras invirtieron 10 veces más que los machos en carbono, pero sólo cinco veces más en nitrógeno. No se encontraron diferencias entre sexos en la dinámica foliar y las diferencias en el crecimiento de las ramas fueron dependientes del contexto, aunque en general crecieron más en los machos. En periodos de tiempo largos, 10-30 años, el grosor medio de los anillos de crecimiento de los árboles fue superior en los machos. Las ramas en las que se interrumpió la reproducción eliminando los brotes florales crecieron significativamente más que aquellas que maduraron frutos. Se encontraron diferencias entre machos en la producción de granos de polen por flor. La realización de todos los cruces posibles entre cinco machos y cinco hembras demostró fuertes efectos maternos en la fecundidad, pero no hubo diferencias entre machos en la probabilidad de dejar descendencia. Existen diferencias fisiológicas entre sexos en condiciones de baja luminosidad; así la eficiencia de la fotosíntesis (evaluada como Fv' / Fm' fue mayor en las hembras y por el contrario, los machos fueron más eficientes en el uso del agua (evaluado mediante discriminación isotópica del carbono. Finalmente se discute la importancia de las hipótesis consideradas para explicar estos resultadosThree hypotheses were examined in order to explain the existence of sexual size dimorphism in the dioecious tree Ilex aquifolium

  5. Efeito da luminosidade e da adição de nitrogênio no crescimento de plantas de Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. Effect of light and nitrogen on the growth of Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Zbigniew Mazuchowski

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho, buscou-se identificar o efeito de diferentes níveis de luminosidade e da adição de adubo nitrogenado sobre o crescimento das plantas de erva-mate, no primeiro ano de crescimento. No experimento, usou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, em quatro tratamentos e dois subtratamentos, tendo 16 parcelas por bloco. O esquema adotado foi o fatorial, tendo como variável constante a luminosidade em quatro intensidades (100, 70, 50 e 30% e o nitrogênio como variável interveniente sobre as parcelas. As leituras foram efetuadas a cada 45 dias, em três horários diários por três dias consecutivos, durante um ano. Verificou-se que a condição mais adequada para o crescimento das plantas foi com luminosidades de 50 e 30%. A adição de nitrogênio não mostrou influência relevante no crescimento da erva-mate, especialmente nas luminosidades de 100 e 70%, enquanto o aumento da luminosidade tendeu a reduzir o crescimento das plantas. Contudo, as plantas adubadas (1N tiveram maior rebrota que aquelas não-adubadas. A adição de nitrogênio mineral, em dosagens elevadas, foi danosa para as plantas de erva-mate, acarretando a mortalidade nas parcelas com tratamentos de maior luminosidade.This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of luminosity and nitrogen addition on the height of mate plants in the first year of growth. The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks, with three replicates, in four treatments and two sub-treatments, in a total of 16 plots per block, in a factorial design, with the luminosity in four different intensities (100%, 70%, 50% and 30% and the nitrogen application as the intervening variable on the plots. Data were collected every 45 days, in three daily schedules during three consecutive days, over one year. It was found that the best conditions to plant growth were 50% and 30% luminosity. The nitrogen addition have no relevant influence in plant growth, particularly at 100% and 70% luminosity, while the increase in luminosity contributed to the reduction in plant growth. However, the fertilized plants (1N increased regrowth. Nitrogen addition at high doses damaged the mate plants and caused death of mate plants in the plots with higher luminosity.

  6. Morfometria e nervação foliar em procedências de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hill. (Aquifoliaceae = Morphometry and foliar venation in origins of maté (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hill. (Aquifoliaceae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vânia Helena Techio

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a morfologia foliar morfometria e nervação foliar de procedências de erva-mate coletadas no Sul do Brasil e Argentina. Analisaram-se 30 folhas de cada procedência, obtendo-se cinco medidas (comprimento total da folha, largura máxima, comprimento desde a base até a largura máxima, comprimento do pecíolo e área e calculando-se dois índices (comprimento total sobre a largura máxima e comprimento desde a base até a largura máxima sobre o comprimento total da folha. Para anervação foliar, as folhas foram clarificadas por meio da técnica de diafanização. Os maiores e menores valores morfométricos foram, respectivamente, 118 e 67 mm para comprimento da folha, 51 e 34 mm para largura máxima, 78 e 42 mm para comprimento desde a base até alargura máxima, 16 e 10 mm para comprimento do pecíolo, 2,3 e 2 mm para comprimento sobre largura máxima e 0,65 e 0,6 para comprimento desde a base até a largura máxima sobre o comprimento da folha. Quanto à nervação foliar, não foram observadas diferenças entre as folhas das distintas procedências, as quais apresentaram nervação primária penada, nervação secundária semicraspedódroma, nervuras terciárias com percurso alternado e sinuoso, nervação quaternária reticulada, constituída por polígonos regulares e nervação de 5ª ordem dicotomizante.The present research aimed to evaluate the foliar morphology(morphometry and leaf venation of origins of maté collected in southern Brazil and Argentina. For the study of the morphometry, thirty leaves/plant were analyzed, and five measurements (leaf total length, maximum width, length from the base until maximum width, area and petiole length and two indices were obtained (total leaf length on maximum width and length from basis until maximum width on total leaf length. The leaves were clarified by the clarificationtechnique and examined in stereomicroscope. The highest and lowest values of leaf morphometry were, respectively, 118 and 67 mm for total leaf length, 51 and 34 mm for maximum width, 78 and 42 mm for length from the base until the maximum width, 16 and 10 mm for petiole length, 2.3 and 2 mm for total length on maximum width, and 0.65 and 0.6 for length from the base until the maximum width on total leaf length. In regards to leaf venation, differences between leaves of different origins were not observed, which presentedpinnate primary venation; semicraspedodromous secondary venation, alternate percurrent and sinuous tertiary venation, regular polygonal reticulate quaternary venation and dichotomizing 5tha vein category.

  7. Proyecto de forestación con carrasca (Quercus ilex ssp. Rotundifolia) micorrizada con trufa negra (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.) en el término municipal de San Agustín

    OpenAIRE

    MAYO SANZ, ELOY

    2012-01-01

    Mayo Sanz, E. (2011). Proyecto de forestación con carrasca (Quercus ilex ssp. Rotundifolia) micorrizada con trufa negra (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.) en el término municipal de San Agustín. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/14231. Archivo delegado

  8. Simultaneous determination of flavonoids, isochlorogenic acids and triterpenoids in Ilex hainanensis Using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Peng, Bo; Qiao, Chun-Feng; Zhao, Jing; Huang, Wei-Hua; Hu, De-Jun; Liu, Hua-Gang; Li, Shao-Ping

    2013-03-04

    A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-DAD-ELSD) method for simultaneous determination of eight major bioactive compounds including two flavonoids (rutin and eriodictyol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), two isochlorogenic acids (isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C) and four triterpenoids (ilexhainanoside D, ilexsaponin A1, ilexgenin A and ursolic acid) in Ilex hainanensis has been developed for the first time. The 283 nm wavelength was chosen for determination of two flavonoids and two isochlorogenic acids. ELSD was applied to determine four triterpenoids. The analysis was performed on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) with gradient elution of 0.2% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. The method was validated for linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, repeatability and accuracy. The proposed method has been successfully applied for simultaneous quantification of the analytes in four samples of Ilex hainanensis, which is helpful for quality control of this plant.

  9. Propriedades Ecofisiológicas e Produtivas como Ferramenta para Melhoramento Genético de Erva-Mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. Ecophysiological and Productive Properties as Tool for Breeding of Maté (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miroslava Rakocevic

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available

    O trabalho teve por objetivos estimar parâmetros genéticos para 59 progênies de meios-irmãos de erva-mate, por ocasião da poda de formação, bem como avaliar propriedades ecofisiológicas para quatro progênies (P15, P18, P41 e P47 e duas testemunhas (P61 e P62 componentes de um teste combinado de procedências e progênies em Erechim, RS. As propriedades ecofisiológicas (condutância estomática (gs – mol m-2s-1, fotossíntese liquida (A - μmol CO2 m- 2s- e transpiração (E –mmol H2O m-2s-1 foram medidas durante um ano (de setembro de 2002 a agosto de 2003 em cinco épocas. Os componentes de variâncias, parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos e valores genéticos (para dados de massa foliar coletados em poda de formação foram obtidos através do programa genético - estatístico “SELEGEN – REML/BLUP”. A análise de parâmetros ecofisiológicos mostrou a sazonalidade de respostas, tornando-a  importante na avaliação. A sazonalidade de troca gasosa acompanha a ocorrência de paradas e ondas de crescimento da erva-mate. As progênies P18 e P47, classificadas quanto ao valor genético, em quinto e 23o lugar, respectivamente, apresentaram maior A, maior economia de água (menor E com maior A e maior sobrevivência, quando comparadas com P15 e P41, que ocuparam a 23a e a 40a posição, respectivamente. Com herdabilidade individual no sentido restrito de 22,7%, é necessário recorrer a métodos de seleção que utilizem, simultaneamente, as informações do indivíduo e da média de sua família, para melhorar o peso de massa foliar em planta de erva-mate. Houve coerência entre respostas genéticas na análise de massa foliar e análise ecofisiológica, o que sugere avaliar componentes ecofisiológicos acompanhando a avaliação de massa foliar ou/e massa total, no processo de seleção e melhoramento genético da erva-mate. 

    The aims of this study were to estimate the genetic parameters for 59 half-sib progenies of maté under runing for formation, and to evaluate the ecophysiological properties for four progenies (P15, P18, P41 e  47 and two controls (P61 and P62, components of one maté breeding experiment combining  rovenances and progenies, established in Erechim, RS. The ecophysiological properties (stomatal  onductance (gs - mol m-2s-1, net photosynthesis (A - μmol CO2 m-2s-1, and transpiration (E -mmol H2O  - s-1 were measured during one year in five epochs (from September 2002 to August 2003. The variance  omponents, genetic and phenotypic parameters and genetic values (for data of foliar mass collected in  runing of formation were obtained using a genetic-statistic program "SELEGEN - REML/BLUP". The analysis of ecophysiological parameters, showed the seasonality of responses, turns it important in  valuation. The seasonality of gas exchange followed the occurrence of growing pauses and growing lushes. Between the studied progenies two pointed out - P47 (20th position on genetic value and estimation of gain of foliar mass and P18 (5th position that was accompanied by higher photosynthetic rate (A, water  conomy (lower transpiration rate with higher A and higher survival - compared to P15 (23rd position and  41 (40th position. With an individual heritablity of 22.7%, in narrow sense. Breeding methods exploring  imultaneously the information about the individual and the average of its family for foliar mass weight of  até plants were necessary. The coherence between genetic responses in foliar mass and ecophysiological  nalyses suggests that evaluation of ecophysiological components could accompany the evaluation of foliar  ass and/or total mass on selective process and breeding of maté.

  10. Sap flow measurements combining sap-flux density radial profiles with punctual sap-flux density measurements in oak trees (Quercus ilex and Quercus pyrenaica) - water-use implications in a water-limited savanna-

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reyes, J. Leonardo; Lubczynski1, Maciek W.

    2010-05-01

    Sap flow measurement is a key aspect for understanding how plants use water and their impacts on the ecosystems. A variety of sensors have been developed to measure sap flow, each one with its unique characteristics. When the aim of a research is to have accurate tree water use calculations, with high temporal and spatial resolution (i.e. scaled), a sensor with high accuracy, high measurement efficiency, low signal-to-noise ratio and low price is ideal, but such has not been developed yet. Granier's thermal dissipation probes (TDP) have been widely used in many studies and various environmental conditions because of its simplicity, reliability, efficiency and low cost. However, it has two major flaws when is used in semi-arid environments and broad-stem tree species: it is often affected by high natural thermal gradients (NTG), which distorts the measurements, and it cannot measure the radial variability of sap-flux density in trees with sapwood thicker than two centimeters. The new, multi point heat field deformation sensor (HFD) is theoretically not affected by NTG, and it can measure the radial variability of the sap flow at different depths. However, its high cost is a serious limitation when simultaneous measurements are required in several trees (e.g. catchment-scale studies). The underlying challenge is to develop a monitoring schema in which HFD and TDP are combined to satisfy the needs of measurement efficiency and accuracy in water accounting. To assess the level of agreement between TDP and HFD methods in quantifying sap flow rates and temporal patterns on Quercus ilex (Q.i ) and Quercus pyrenaica trees (Q.p.), three measurement schemas: standard TDP, TDP-NTG-corrected and HFD were compared in dry season at the semi-arid Sardon area, near Salamanca in Spain in the period from June to September 2009. To correct TDP measurements with regard to radial sap flow variability, a radial sap flux density correction factor was applied and tested by adjusting TDP

  11. A quantitative and molecular examination of Tuber melanosporum mycorrhizal in Quercus ilex seedlings from different suppliers in Spain

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alvaro, P.; Manjon, J. L.

    2013-09-01

    Aim of study: The aim of the work was to determine the degree of mycorrhization of Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. by the black truffle fungus T. melanosporum Vittad. by quantitative and molecular analyses. Area of study: seedlings inoculated by different Spanish suppliers. Material and methods: The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of mycorrhizae from different plants were amplified by nested PCR involving fluorescently-labelled primers, and the amplicons either directly sized by ARISA or analysed by TRFLP following their digestion with restriction endonucleases. TRFLP analysis distinguished between mycorrhizae of T. melanosporum, T. indicum Cooke and Massee and T. borchii Vittad., as suggested possible by virtual (in silico) TRFLP analysis and real TRFLP analysis of the ascomata of these species. Main results: Significant differences between suppliers were detected in terms of the mean number of mycorrhizae established per plant and percentage mycorrhization. These results allowed the following quality standards for 2 yearold plants to be proposed: a) good quality: > 3,000 mycorrhizae/plant, > 40% mycorrhization, b) medium (acceptable): > 3,000 mycorrhizae/plant, > 30% mycorrhization, c) low quality: < 3,000 mycorrhizae/plant or <30% mycorrhization, always supposing the mycorrhizae counted represent the species of interest as confirmed by the presence of its DNA and the absence of DNA belonging to contaminating species. Finally, a new microsatellite allelic map obtained from the analysis of several T. melanosporum populations across Spain was used to provide a tool capable of determining the geographic origin of the fungi used to inoculate plants. Research highlights: The proposed quality standards can be useful for the evaluation and certification of commercialized Q. ilex plants mycorrhized with T. melanosporum. (Author)

  12. Drought-induced photosynthetic inhibition and autumn recovery in two Mediterranean oak species (Quercus ilex and Quercus suber).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Vaz, M; Pereira, J S; Gazarini, L C; David, T S; David, J S; Rodrigues, A; Maroco, J; Chaves, M M

    2010-08-01

    Responses of leaf water relations and photosynthesis to summer drought and autumn rewetting were studied in two evergreen Mediterranean oak species, Quercus ilex spp. rotundifolia and Quercus suber. The predawn leaf water potential (Ψ(lPD)), stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic rate (A) at ambient conditions were measured seasonally over a 3-year period. We also measured the photosynthetic response to light and to intercellular CO₂ (A/PPFD and A/C(i) response curves) under water stress (summer) and after recovery due to autumn rainfall. Photosynthetic parameters, Vc(max), J(max) and triose phosphate utilization (TPU) rate, were estimated using the Farquhar model. RuBisCo activity, leaf chlorophyll, leaf nitrogen concentration and leaf carbohydrate concentration were also measured. All measurements were performed in the spring leaves of the current year. In both species, the predawn leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate peaked in spring, progressively declined throughout the summer and recovered upon autumn rainfall. During the drought period, Q. ilex maintained a higher predawn leaf water potential and stomatal conductance than Q. suber. During this period, we found that photosynthesis was not only limited by stomatal closure, but was also downregulated as a consequence of a decrease in the maximum carboxylation rate (Vc(max)) and the light-saturated rate of photosynthetic electron transport (J(max)) in both species. The Vc(max) and J(max) increased after the first autumnal rains and this increase was related to RuBisCo activity, leaf nitrogen concentration and chlorophyll concentration. In addition, an increase in the TPU rate and in soluble leaf sugar concentration was observed in this period. The results obtained indicate a high resilience of the photosynthetic apparatus to summer drought as well as good recovery in the following autumn rains of these evergreen oak species.

  13. Modeling heat and mass transfer in the heat treatment step of yerba maté processing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. M. Peralta

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this research was to estimate the leaf and twig temperature and moisture content of yerba maté branches (Ilex paraguariensis Saint Hilaire during heat treatment, carried out in a rotary kiln dryer. These variables had to be estimated (modeling the heat and mass transfer due to the difficulty of experimental measurement in the dryer. For modeling, the equipment was divided into two zones: the flame or heat treatment zone and the drying zone. The model developed fit well with the experimental data when water loss took place only in leaves. In the first zone, leaf temperature increased until it reached 135°C and then it slowly decreased to 88°C at the exit, despite the gas temperature, which varied in this zone from 460°C to 120°C. Twig temperature increased in the two zones from its inlet temperature (25°C up to 75°C. A model error of about 3% was estimated based on theoretical and experimental data on leaf moisture content.

  14. Interspecific variation in functional traits of oak seedlings (Quercus ilex, Quercus trojana, Quercus virgiliana) grown under artificial drought and fire conditions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chiatante, D; Tognetti, R; Scippa, G S; Congiu, T; Baesso, B; Terzaghi, M; Montagnoli, A

    2015-07-01

    To face summer drought and wildfire in Mediterranean-type ecosystems, plants adopt different strategies that involve considerable rearrangements of biomass allocation and physiological activity. This paper analyses morphological and physiological traits in seedlings of three oak species (Quercus ilex, Quercus trojana and Quercus virgiliana) co-occurring under natural conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate species-specific characteristics and the response of these oak seedlings to drought stress and fire treatment. Seedlings were kept in a growth chamber that mimicked natural environmental conditions. All three species showed a good degree of tolerance to drought and fire treatments. Differences in specific biomass allocation patterns and physiological traits resulted in phenotypic differences between species. In Q. ilex, drought tolerance depended upon adjustment of the allocation pattern. Q. trojana seedlings undergoing mild to severe drought presented a higher photosystem II (PSII) efficiency than control seedlings. Moreover, Q. trojana showed a very large root system, which corresponded to higher soil area exploitation, and bigger leaf midrib vascular bundles than the other two species. Morphological and physiological performances indicated Q. trojana as the most tolerant to drought and fire. These characteristics contribute to a high recruitment potential of Q. trojana seedlings, which might be the reason for the dominance of this species under natural conditions. Drought increase as a result of climate change is expected to favour Q. trojana, leading to an increase in its spatial distribution.

  15. ISOLATION OF GLYCOSIDES FROM THE BARKS OF ILEX ROTUNDA BY HIGH-SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Chun; Chao, Zhimao; Sun, Wen; Wu, Xiaoyi; Ito, Yoichiro

    2013-01-01

    Semi-preparative and preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) were successfully used for isolation of glycosides from 50% ethanol extract of the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae) by using a two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (1:6:7, v/v/v). From 1.0 g of the extract, syringaresinol 4',4"-di-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (I, 20.2 mg),, syringin (II, 56.8 mg), sinapaldehyde glucoside (III, 26.2 mg),, syringaresinol 4'-o-β-d-glucopyranoside (IV, 20.4 mg), and pedunculoside (V, 45.1 mg) were obtained by one run of TBE-1000A HSCCC instrument with 1000 mL of column volume. Their structures were identified by IR, MS, and 1H and 13C NMR studies. Glycoside I was isolated from this plant for the first time. PMID:25132792

  16. ISOLATION OF GLYCOSIDES FROM THE BARKS OF ILEX ROTUNDA BY HIGH-SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Chun; Chao, Zhimao; Sun, Wen; Wu, Xiaoyi; Ito, Yoichiro

    2014-04-01

    Semi-preparative and preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) were successfully used for isolation of glycosides from 50% ethanol extract of the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae) by using a two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (1:6:7, v/v/v). From 1.0 g of the extract, syringaresinol 4',4"-di-o-β-d-glucopyranoside ( I , 20.2 mg),, syringin ( II , 56.8 mg), sinapaldehyde glucoside ( III , 26.2 mg),, syringaresinol 4'-o-β-d-glucopyranoside ( IV , 20.4 mg), and pedunculoside ( V , 45.1 mg) were obtained by one run of TBE-1000A HSCCC instrument with 1000 mL of column volume. Their structures were identified by IR, MS, and 1 H and 13 C NMR studies. Glycoside I was isolated from this plant for the first time.

  17. Holm Oak (Quercus ilex L.) canopy as interceptor of airborne trace elements and their accumulation in the litter and topsoil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fantozzi, Federica; Monaci, Fabrizio; Blanusa, Tijana; Bargagli, Roberto

    2013-01-01

    We investigated the role of urban Holm Oak (Quercus ilex L.) trees as an airborne metal accumulators and metals' environmental fate. Analyses confirmed Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn as a main contaminants in Siena's urban environment; only Pb concentrations decreased significantly compared to earlier surveys. Additionally, we determined chemical composition of tree leaves, litter and topsoil (underneath/outside tree crown) in urban and extra-urban oak stands. Most notably, litter in urban samples collected outside the canopy had significantly lower concentrations of organic matter and higher concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn than litter collected underneath the canopy. There was a greater metals' accumulation in topsoil, in samples collected under the tree canopy and especially near the trunk (‘stemflow area’). Thus, in urban ecosystems the Holm Oak stands likely increase the soil capability to bind metals. -- Highlights: ► Of the main metal contaminants only leaf Pb concentrations decreased in the period 1994–2011. ► Leaf Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were higher in urban than in extra urban park. ► In urban park litter, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations were higher outside than underneath the tree crown. ► Conversely, in urban park soil, Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations were lower outside the crown. ► Soil therefore behaves as a sink for metal contaminants such as Cu, Pb and Cd. -- Quercus ilex leaves are efficient interceptors of airborne trace elements in urban environments and we found an increased accumulation of metals in topsoil under the tree canopy

  18. Two new triterpene saponins from the anti-inflammatory saponin fraction of Ilex pubescens root.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Jing-Rong; Zhou, Hua; Jiang, Zhi-Hong; Liu, Liang

    2008-07-01

    The saponin fraction from the ethanolic extracts of the root of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. (Ilexaceae) was found to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Two novel triterpene saponins, pubescenosides C and D (1 and 2, resp.), together with five known saponins were isolated from this saponin fraction. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated as (20beta)-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl]ursa-12,18-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, and (20beta)-3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl]ursa- 12,18-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, respectively, on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data. Five known saponins isolated from the saponin fraction were identified as ilexsaponin B(1), B(2), B(3), A(1), and chikusetsusaponin IV(a).

  19. Yerba Mat? (Ilex paraguariensis) Metabolic, Satiety, and Mood State Effects at Rest and during Prolonged Exercise

    OpenAIRE

    Alkhatib, Ahmad; Atcheson, Roisin

    2017-01-01

    Yerba Mat? (YM), has become a popular herb ingested for enhancing metabolic health and weight-loss outcomes. No studies have tested the combined metabolic, satiety, and psychomotor effects of YM during exercise. We tested whether YM ingestion affects fatty acid oxidation (FAO), profile of mood state score (POMS), and subjective appetite scale (VAS), during prolonged moderate exercise. Twelve healthy active females were randomized to ingest either 2 g of YM or placebo (PLC) in a repeated-measu...

  20. Losing the Warning Signal: Drought Compromises the Cross-Talk of Signaling Molecules in Quercus ilex Exposed to Ozone

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lorenzo Cotrozzi

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Understanding the interactions between drought and acute ozone (O3 stress in terms of signaling molecules and cell death would improve the predictions of plant responses to climate change. The aim was to investigate whether drought stress influences the responses of plants to acute episodes of O3 exposure. In this study, the behavior of 84 Mediterranean evergreen Quercus ilex plants was evaluated in terms of cross-talk responses among signaling molecules. Half of the sample was subjected to drought (20% of the effective daily evapotranspiration, for 15 days and was later exposed to an acute O3 exposure (200 nL L-1 for 5 h. First, our results indicate that in well-water conditions, O3 induced a signaling pathway specific to O3-sensitive behavior. Second, different trends and consequently different roles of phytohormones and signaling molecules (ethylene, ET; abscisic acid, ABA; salycilic acid, SA and jasmonic acid, JA were observed in relation to water stress and O3. A spatial and functional correlation between these signaling molecules was observed in modulating O3-induced responses in well-watered plants. In contrast, in drought-stressed plants, these compounds were not involved either in O3-induced signaling mechanisms or in leaf senescence (a response observed in water-stressed plants before the O3-exposure. Third, these differences were ascribable to the fact that in drought conditions, most defense processes induced by O3 were compromised and/or altered. Our results highlight how Q. ilex plants suffering from water deprivation respond differently to an acute O3 episode compared to well-watered plants, and suggest new effect to be considered in plant responses to environmental changes. This poses the serious question as to whether or not multiple high-magnitude O3 events (as predicted can change these cross-talk responses, thus opening it up possible further investigations.

  1. Proyecto de reforestación de tierras agrarias con encina (Quercus ilex L ballota Samp) para la producción de trufa (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.), en el término municipal de Peralveche, Guadalajara

    OpenAIRE

    RUIPÉREZ MARTÍNEZ, DIEGO

    2010-01-01

    Ruipérez Martínez, D. (2010). Proyecto de reforestación de tierras agrarias con encina (Quercus ilex L ballota Samp) para la producción de trufa (Tuber melanosporum Vitt.), en el término municipal de Peralveche, Guadalajara. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/8975. Archivo delegado

  2. FITOSSOCIOLOGIA DA VEGETAÇÃO ARBÓREA DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO IGUAÇU

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ronan Felipe de Souza

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Phytosociology of tree vegetation in Iguaçu National Park is inserted within Atlantic Forest biome and is considered the largest Brazilian non-Amazon Park. Despite its importance and its significant forest area, there are few scientific studies related to its vegetation. In order to meet this demand, we conducted a phytosociological inventory of the tree vegetation by means of plots installed in different environments, striving to achieve optimum environmental representation. In the classification of vegetation by TWINSPAN the forests were initially separated into ambient montane and submontane. An ecotone region between seasonal and araucaria forests was observed in the montane site, at an altitude above 700 m. The semideciduous forest montane was observed at altitudes of 600-700 meters. The Forest Seasonal Submontane in the lowlands was separated into two subformations, Typical and Humid, due to physiognomic variations regulated by geomorphology and humidity. According to the results, the tree vegetation of Iguaçu National Park is a remnant of great importance for the conservation of forest species in southern Brazil, among which stand out Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll. Arg., Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. Kuntze, Euterpe edulis Mart. and Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.

  3. Determination of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline in Mate beer and Mate soft drinks by high-performance thin-layer chromatography.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oellig, Claudia; Schunck, Jacob; Schwack, Wolfgang

    2018-01-19

    Mate beer and Mate soft drinks are beverages produced from the dried leaves of Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba Mate). In Yerba Mate, the xanthine derivatives caffeine, theobromine and theophylline, also known as methylxanthines, are important active components. The presented method for the determination of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline in Mate beer and Mate soft drinks by high-performance thin-layer chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPTLC-UV) offers a fully automated and sensitive determination of the three methylxanthines. Filtration of the samples was followed by degassing, dilution with acetonitrile in the case of Mate beers for protein precipitation, and centrifugation before the extracts were analyzed by HPTLC-UV on LiChrospher silica gel plates with fluorescence indicator and acetone/toluene/chloroform (4:3:3, v/v/v) as the mobile phase. For quantitation, the absorbance was scanned at 274nm. Limits of detection and quantitation were 1 and 4ng/zone, respectively, for caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. With recoveries close to 100% and low standard deviations reliable results were guaranteed. Experimental Mate beers as well as Mate beers and Mate soft drinks from the market were analyzed for their concentrations of methylxanthines. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Field-amplified sample stacking-sweeping of vitamins B determination in capillary electrophoresis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dziomba, Szymon; Kowalski, Piotr; Bączek, Tomasz

    2012-12-07

    A capillary electrophoretic method for determination of five water soluble vitamins B along with baclofen as an internal standard has been developed and assessed in context of precision, accuracy, sensitivity, freedom from interference, linearity, detection and quantification limits. On-line preconcentration technique, namely field-amplified sample stacking (FASS)-sweeping, has been employed in respect to obtain more sensitive analysis. Separation conditions received after optimization procedure were as following background electrolyte (BGE), 10 mM NaH(2)PO(4), 80 mM SDS, (pH 7.25); sample matrix (SM), 10 mM NaH(2)PO(4) (pH 4.60); uncoated fused silica capillary (50 μm i.d. × 67 cm length); UV spectrophotometric detection at 200 nm; injection times: 10s and 30s at 3.45 kPa; applied voltage 22 kV; temperature 22°C. Validation parameters, namely precision, accuracy and linearity, were considered as satisfactory. Under the optimized conditions, it has been also successfully applied for vitamins B determination in bacterial growth medium and commercially available Ilex paraguariensis leaves. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. UMA BREVE HISTÓRIA (INDÍGENA DA ERVA-MATE NA REGIÃO PLATINA: DA PROVÍNCIA DO GUAIRÁ AO ANTIGO SUL DE MATO GROSSO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Eremites de Oliveira

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Neste artigo, os autores analisam a exploração da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis na bacia platina. O estudo se estende desde a Província do Guairá, no período colonial, até a incorporação do antigo sul de Mato Grosso, atual Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, ao território brasileiro. Esta última situação ocorreu no século XIX, após o fim da guerra entre o Paraguai e a Tríplice Aliança (1864-1870 e com a implantação, na década de 1880, da Companhia Matte Larangeira na região. A empresa explorou durante décadas os ervais nativos, o território e o trabalho de comunidades guarani e kaiowá. Também explorou a mão de obra de trabalhadores não índios de origem paraguaia e brasileira, dentre outros. A economia ervateira é, pois, o fio condutor para uma análise mais ampla sobre um longo processo histórico e sociocultural.

  6. BIOECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ERVA-MATE BORER, Hedypathes betulinus (KLUG, 1825 (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia d´Avila

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available The erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. has a social, cultural and economic importance in  the southern states of Brazil. The  pure stands of  this culture was responsible for the increase  of many species of insects. Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae is considered the main pest from an economic viewpoint because of its difficult control and potential for damage. The larval phase occurs inside the twings and trunks, what makes more difficult to deal with its detention and management. Cultural and mechanical management are the most indicated, such as collection of adults, prunning and burning of plant parts damaged by the insect, balanced nutrition, adequate plant density and maintenance of areas with native vegetation or also the introduction of policulture. These strategies  may increase  the  agroecossystem  balance  and  thus  a  reduction  of  the  insect-pest  to  an aceptable level. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assemble and the discuss the information on the bioecology and management of erva-mate borer.

  7. Caracterización a impacto de caucho reciclado mediante elementos finitos

    OpenAIRE

    Escribano Castro, Ane

    2015-01-01

    Análisis de caucho reciclado de manera hiperelástica mediante métodos de ajuste de Mínimos Cuadrados con programa MATLAB y Curve fitting mediante ANSYS. Para la parte viscoelástica se usa Algoritmo de Optimicación con MATLAB. Comprobación de resultados y fiabilidad.

  8. LC-MSn study of the chemical transformations of hydroxycinnamates during yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) tea brewing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matei, Marius Febi; Jaiswal, Rakesh; Patras, Maria A; Kuhnert, Nikolai

    2016-12-01

    Yerba maté is one of the most popular beverages in South American countries and its consumption is associated with a wide array of health effects. In this study, we used advanced HPLC-ESI-MS n and HPLC-ESI-HRMS methods for the identification and characterization of hydroxycinnamates and their derivatives formed during the brewing process of yerba maté. We report on the hydroxylation of the hydroxycinnamates cinnamoyl substituent by conjugate addition of water to form 3-hydroxy-dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives using a series of model compounds, including caffeoylglucoses, dicaffeoylquinic acids, methyl caffeoylquinate and mono caffeoylquinic acids. The regiochemistry of conjugate addition was determined by targeted tandem MS experiments performed on authentic standards. It was interesting to note that hydroxylation of hydroxycinnamates produced cis and acyl-migration isomers, which is in line with previously reported data. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  9. Efeito da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) sobre o metabolismo de ratos tratados com dieta hiperlipídica

    OpenAIRE

    Luana Ferreira Gomes

    2012-01-01

    A obesidade é definida por um acúmulo excessivo de gordura na forma de tecido adiposo. É um problema crescente, resultando em significativa morbidade e mortalidade por doenças relacionadas, bem como uma redução da qualidade de vida. O acúmulo excessivo de tecido adiposo que caracteriza a obesidade está diretamente relacionado ao desenvolvimento patologias que, coletivamente, compõem a chamada síndrome metabólica. O tecido adiposo é o principal reservatório energético do organismo, mas também ...

  10. Yerba Maté (Ilex paraguariensis) Metabolic, Satiety, and Mood State Effects at Rest and during Prolonged Exercise.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alkhatib, Ahmad; Atcheson, Roisin

    2017-08-15

    Yerba Maté (YM), has become a popular herb ingested for enhancing metabolic health and weight-loss outcomes. No studies have tested the combined metabolic, satiety, and psychomotor effects of YM during exercise. We tested whether YM ingestion affects fatty acid oxidation (FAO), profile of mood state score (POMS), and subjective appetite scale (VAS), during prolonged moderate exercise. Twelve healthy active females were randomized to ingest either 2 g of YM or placebo (PLC) in a repeated-measures design. Participants rested for 120 min before performing a 30-min cycling exercise corresponding to individuals' crossover point intensity (COP). FAO, determined using indirect calorimetry, was significantly higher during the 30-min exercise in YM vs. PLC (0.21 ± 0.07 vs. 0.17 ± 0.06 g/min, p exercise at targeted "fat-loss"' intensities augments FAO and improves measures of satiety and mood state. Such positive combined metabolic, satiety, and psychomotor effects may provide an important role for designing future fat and weight-loss lifestyle interventions.

  11. Drought changes the dynamics of trace element accumulation in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sardans, J. [Unitat d' Ecofisiologia CSIC-CEAB-CREAF, CREAF - Centre de Recerca Ecologica d' Aplicacions Forestals, Edifici C, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain)]. E-mail: j.sardans@creaf.uab.cat; Penuelas, J. [Unitat d' Ecofisiologia CSIC-CEAB-CREAF, CREAF, Centre de Recerca Ecologica d' Aplicacions Forestals, Edifici C, Universitat Autonoma Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain)

    2007-06-15

    We conducted a field drought manipulation experiment in an evergreen oak Mediterranean forest from 1999 to 2005 to investigate the effects of the increased drought predicted for the next decades on the accumulation of trace elements that can be toxic for animals, in stand biomass, litter and soil. Drought increased concentrations of As, Cd, Ni, Pb and Cr in roots of the dominant tree species, Quercus ilex, and leaf Cd concentrations in Arbutus unedo and of Phillyrea latifolia codominant shrubs. The increased concentration of As and Cd can aggravate the toxic capacity of those two elements, which are already next or within the levels that have been shown to be toxic for herbivores. The study also showed a great reduction in Pb biomass content (100-135 g ha{sup -1}) during the studied period (1999-2005) showing the effectiveness of the law that prohibited leaded fuel after 2001. The results also indicate that drought increases the exportation of some trace elements to continental waters. - Drought increased biomass concentrations of As and Cd and favors exportation of some trace elements to continental waters in a Mediterranean forest.

  12. Drought changes the dynamics of trace element accumulation in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex forest

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sardans, J.; Penuelas, J.

    2007-01-01

    We conducted a field drought manipulation experiment in an evergreen oak Mediterranean forest from 1999 to 2005 to investigate the effects of the increased drought predicted for the next decades on the accumulation of trace elements that can be toxic for animals, in stand biomass, litter and soil. Drought increased concentrations of As, Cd, Ni, Pb and Cr in roots of the dominant tree species, Quercus ilex, and leaf Cd concentrations in Arbutus unedo and of Phillyrea latifolia codominant shrubs. The increased concentration of As and Cd can aggravate the toxic capacity of those two elements, which are already next or within the levels that have been shown to be toxic for herbivores. The study also showed a great reduction in Pb biomass content (100-135 g ha -1 ) during the studied period (1999-2005) showing the effectiveness of the law that prohibited leaded fuel after 2001. The results also indicate that drought increases the exportation of some trace elements to continental waters. - Drought increased biomass concentrations of As and Cd and favors exportation of some trace elements to continental waters in a Mediterranean forest

  13. Flora arbórea da bacia do rio Tibagi (Paraná, Brasil: Celastrales sensu Cronquist Tree flora of the Tibagi river basin (Paraná, Brazil: Celastrales sensu Cronquist

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Augusto Gorne Viani

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho estudou, por meio de coleções de herbários, os representantes arbóreos da ordem Celastrales sensu Cronquist, encontrados na bacia do rio Tibagi, estado do Paraná, Brasil. Esta bacia hidrográfica, subdividida em três zonas de norte para sul, baixo Tibagi (BT, médio Tibagi (MT e alto Tibagi (AT, apresenta diferentes condições ambientais e tipos de vegetação ao longo de sua extensão. A ordem Celastrales está representada na bacia estudada por 15 espécies arbóreas, pertencentes às famílias Aquifoliaceae, Celastraceae e Icacinaceae. Icacinaceae conta com apenas duas espécies, Citronella gongonha e C. paniculata, sendo a primeira distinta pelo ovário glabro e folhas geralmente com espinhos. Aquifoliaceae contém seis espécies: Ilex brasiliensis, I. brevicuspis, I. chamaedryfolia, I. dumosa, I. paraguariensis e I. theezans, que ocorrem preferencialmente no AT e MT e se distinguem pela dimensão, revestimento, ápice e margem da folha e pela morfologia das sépalas. Celastraceae está representada por sete espécies pertencentes a dois gêneros, Plenckia populnea, espécie de cerrado, encontrada apenas no MT e seis espécies de Maytenus (M. aquifolia, M. dasyclada, M. evonymoides, M. ilicifolia, M. robusta e M. salicifolia, com distinção baseada principalmente no tipo de margem e dimensão das folhas, forma do ramo e número de flores por inflorescência.A study of the tree species of the order Celastrales sensu Cronquist from the Tibagi river basin, Paraná state, Brazil, is presented, based on herbarium material. This basin is subdivided into three zones, from north to south: lower Tibagi (BT, mid Tibagi (MT and upper Tibagi (AT, each with different environmental conditions and vegetation types. The order Celastrales is represented in the basin by 15 tree species belonging to three families: Aquifoliaceae, Celastraceae and Icacinaceae. Icacinaceae has only two species, Citronella gongonha and C. paniculata. The

  14. Structure and floristic composition of five caiva area in north plateau of Santa Catarina State, Brazil Estrutura e composição florística de cinco áreas de caíva no planalto norte de Santa Catarina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Lúcia Hanisch

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available

    Caivas are remnants areas of Mixed Ombrophylous Forest, whose inferior stratum is composed of native pastures used for animal consume. The aim of this work was to evaluate the structure and floristic  composition of five caivas areas. Plots of one hectare were used. Every individual with DBH ≥ 5 cm were measured and identified. The parameters of density, frequency, dominance, Importance Value (IV were calculated. These results showed 24 families and 52 species. The families with the higher number of species were Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Aquifoliaceae and Sapindaceae and with the higher number of individuals were Myrtaceae, Araucariaceae, Aquifoliaceae and Lauraceae. The Shannon diversity index value showed high floristic diversity in the caivas and the Sorensen index showed floristic similarity among the five caivas areas. Araucaria angustifolia, Myrcia sp. Ocotea porosa, Cinnamodendron dinisii and Ilex paraguariensis were the five most important species based on Importance Value. The results confirmed that the caivas areas represent an important reservoir of native tree species, although they were being management for a long time.

    doi: 10.4336/2010.pfb.30.64.303

    Caívas são remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, com diferentes densidades arbóreas, cujo estrato herbáceo é formado por pastagens nativas ou  naturalizadas utilizadas para pastejo animal. Este trabalho avaliou a composição florística e a estrutura arbórea de cinco caívas bem estabelecidas. Foram utilizadas parcelas de um hectare em cada caíva, onde foram medidos e identificados todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 5 cm e calculados os parâmetros fitossociológicos de densidade, frequência, dominância e valor de importância. Verificou-se a ocorrência de 24 famílias e 52 espécies. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Aquifoliaceae e Sapindaceae; e as famílias com maior n

  15. Enrichment and purification of pedunculoside and syringin from the barks of Ilex rotunda with macroporous resins.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Chun; Chao, Zhimao; Sun, Wen; Wu, Xiaoyi; Ito, Yoichiro

    2014-02-01

    Jiubiying, the dried barks of Ilex rotunda Thunb. (Aquifoliaceae), has been used as herbal tea and traditional Chinese medicine for heat-clearing, detoxifying, dehumidification, and odynolysis. Pedunculoside and syringin are two main bioactive components. For the new drug development, we tried to isolate and purify several chemical constituents from Jiubiying by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The two-phase solvent system used was composed of ethyl acetate- n -butanol-water (1:6:7, v/v/v). From 1.0 g of Jiubiying extracts syringaresinol 4',4″ -bis-O-β- D- glucopyranoside ( I , 20.2 mg), syringin ( II , 56.8 mg), sinapaldehyde glucoside ( III , 26.2 mg), syringaresinol 4'- O - β -D-glucopyranoside ( IV , 20.4 mg), and pedunculoside ( V , 45.1 mg) were obtained by one run of TBE-1000A HSCCC machine with 1000 mL of column volume. Their structures were identified by IR, MS, and extensive NMR studies. Syringaresinol 4',4″ -bis-O-β- D-glucopyranoside ( I ) was isolated from this plant for the first time.

  16. [In vitro anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities of flavans from Ilex centrochinensis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Lu-jun; Yu, Li-juan; Li, Yan-ci; Liu, Meng-yuan; Wu, Zheng-zhi

    2015-04-01

    This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities of flavans from flex centrochinensis S. Y. Hu in vitro and their structure-activity relationship. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage was used as inflammatory model. MTT assay for cell availability, Griess reaction for nitric oxide (NO) production, the content of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and PGE, were detected with ELISA kits; DPPH, superoxide anion and hydroxyl free radicals scavenging activities were also investigated. According to the result, all flavans tested exhibited anti-inflammatory effect in different levels. Among them, compounds 1, 3, 4 and 6 showed potent anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of NO, TNF-alpha, IL-lp and IL-6, of which 1 was the most effective inhibitor, however, 2 and 5 were relatively weak or inactive. The order of free radical scavenging activities was similar to that of anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, these results suggest that 3, 4 and 6, especially of 1, were,in part responsible for the anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activity of Ilex centrochinensis. Hydroxyl group at 4'-position of B-ring plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging capacities.

  17. Procedimiento de estabilizacion de mercurio liquido mediante cemento polimerico de azufre,via sulfuro de mercurio

    OpenAIRE

    López Gómez, Félix Antonio; López-Delgado, Aurora; Alguacil, Francisco José; Alonso Gámez, Manuel

    2009-01-01

    Procedimiento para la estabilización de mercurio líquido mediante la obtención de cementos poliméricos de azufre que comprende: (a) transformación del mercurio líquido en sulfuro de mercurio (metacinabrio) mediante reacción química, en condiciones estequiométricas, entre el mercurio y el azufre elemental; y (b) obtención de cemento polimérico de azufre mediante la incorporación el sulfuro de mercurio obtenido en la etapa anterior, en una mezcla estable constituida por áridos, azufre elemental...

  18. Determinação do perfil de compostos voláteis e avaliação do sabor e aroma de bebidas produzidas a partir da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis Volatile compounds profile and flavor analysis of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis beverages

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carla Carolina Batista Machado

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Volatile compounds from green and roasted yerba mate were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the flavor profile from yerba mate beverages was determined by descriptive quantitative analyses. The main compounds tentatively identified in green mate were linalool, alpha-terpineol and trans-linalool oxide and in roasted mate were (E,Z-2,4-heptadienal isomers and 5-methylfurfural. Green mate infusion was qualified as having bitter taste and aroma as well as green grass aroma while roasted mate was defined as having a smooth, slightly burnt aroma. The relationship between the tentatively identified compounds and flavor must be determined by olfatometric analysis.

  19. Método de eliminación de trihalometanos y/o contaminantes emergentes mediante plasma

    OpenAIRE

    Erra Serrabasa, Pilar; Jover Comas, Eric; Molina Mansilla, Ricardo; Bertrán Serra, Enric; Bayona Termens, Josep María; Reyes Contreras, Carolina

    2009-01-01

    Método de eliminación de trihalometanos y/o contaminantes emergentes mediante plasma. Se describe un método de eliminación de trihalometanos y contaminantes refractarios en medios acuosos mediante la aplicación directa de plasma para conseguir la degradación de los compuestos contaminantes presentes en el agua.

  20. Modelado de un amortiguador magneto-reológico mediante EcosimPro

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Cadenas, Rubén

    2012-01-01

    El objetivo de este proyecto es la creación de una librería en la herramienta de modelado y simulación EcosimPro enfocada a amortiguadores magneto‐reológicos. El modelado y simulación mediante cualquier herramienta informática permite la obtención de datos y el desarrollo de componentes con un coste inferior al que habría que invertir mediante una experimentación real. Además, permite llevar el componente hasta el límite sin el riesgo de romperlo o dejarlo inutilizable. Por tanto, se puede de...

  1. Risk factors for esophageal cancer in non-smokers and non-drinkers: a case-control study in Uruguay Fatores de risco para o câncer esofágico em não usuários de tabaco e bebida alcoólica: um estudo caso-controle no Uruguai

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alvaro L. Ronco

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available In order to analyze possible associations of lifestyle factors with esophageal cancer among non-smokers and non-drinkers, the authors carried out the present study. Special emphasis was placed on the analysis of "mate" (infusion of the herb Ilex paraguariensis drinking, which has been associated with most cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. The study was conducted at the Instituto Nacional de Oncología in Montevideo, Uruguay. Data corresponded to 73 esophageal cancer cases and 219 controls. A detailed questionnaire included sections on sociodemographic variables, occupation, family history of cancer, "mate" drinking, and a restricted list of dietary items including: red meat, processed meat, salted meat, barbecue, milk, fresh vegetables and fruits. Odds ratios (ORs were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for major potential confounders, including age, sex, education, urban/rural status and region of birth. Moderate increases in risk were observed for: daily "mate" consumption (OR=2.2, age of quitting (OR=2.02, duration (OR=2.49 and intensity (OR=1.91, most of which were statistically significant. Consequently, our report demonstrates a particular role for "mate" consumption on esophageal cancer in Uruguay, regardless of other well-known risk factors.Os autores realizaram o presente estudo para analisar possíveis associações de fatores de estilo de vida com o câncer esofágico em não usuários de tabaco e bebida alcoólica. Foi especialmente enfatizada a análise do "mate" (infusão da erva Ilex paraguariensis, que tem sido associado à maioria dos cânceres do trato aerodigestivo. O estudo foi realizado no Instituto Nacional de Oncología em Montevidéu, Uruguai. Os dados correspondem a 73 casos de câncer esofágico e 219 controles. Um detalhado questionário incluiu seções de variáveis sócio-demográficas, ocupação, história familiar de câncer, consumo de "mate" e uma relação restritiva de itens da

  2. Intensity of bitterness of processed yerba mate leaves originated in two contrasted light environments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miroslava Rakocevic

    2008-06-01

    Full Text Available The bitterness intensity of beverage prepared from the leaves produced on the males and females of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis, grown in the forest understory and monoculture, was evaluated. The leaves were grouped by their position (in the crown and on the branch tips and by the leaf age. The leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density were observed. Inter and intra-specific competition for light and self-shading showed the same effect on yerba mate beverage taste. All the shading types resulted in bitterer taste of the processed yerba mate leaves compared to the leaves originated under the direct sun exposure. The leaves from the plants grown in the monoculture showed less bitterness than those grown in the forest understory. This conclusion was completely opposite to the conventionally accepted paradigm of the yerba mate industries. The leaves from the tips (younger leaves of the plants grown in the monoculture resulted a beverage of softer taste; the males produced less bitter leaves in any light environment (forest understory or in the crown in monoculture. The taste was related to the photosynthetic and transpiration rate, and leaf temperature. Stronger bitterness of the leaves provided from the shade conditions was related to the decreased leaf temperature and transpiration in the diurnal scale.Mediu-se a intensidade de amargor da bebida preparada a partir de folhas da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis de diversas idades, situadas em duas posições na copa (interior e ponteiras, produzidas por plantas masculinas e femininas cultivadas na floresta antropizada e em monocultura. As trocas gasosas foliares, a temperatura de folhas e a densidade de fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos também foram medidas. Com isso verificou-se que a idéia corrente de que o sombreamento está diretamente relacionado ao sabor suave do chimarrão é completamente equivocada, já que as competições inter- e intra

  3. Suscetibilidade de Oligonychus yothersi (Acari: Tetranychidae ao fungo Beauveria bassiana Susceptibility of Oligonychus yothersi (Acari: Tetranychidae to the fungus Beauveria bassiana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renato Cassol de Oliveira

    2002-03-01

    Full Text Available A cultura da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis é uma importante atividade econômica no Sul do Brasil. Com o aumento de consumo nos anos oitenta, cresceram também as áreas de monocultura, gerando condições favoráveis para o aumento populacional de insetos e ácaros fitófagos, entre eles o ácaro vermelho Oligonychus yothersi. Este estudo avaliou a suscetibilidade do ácaro vermelho O. yothersi a vários isolados do fungo Beauveria bassiana. O experimento foi conduzido em Cascavel, PR. Discos foliares de erva-mate (2,2 cm² foram previamente infestados com 20 fêmeas adultas. Alíquotas de 1 mL de cada suspensão de conídios dos diferentes isolados de B. bassiana, ajustadas na concentração de 1,0x10(8 conídios mL-1 foram pulverizadas, separadamente, sobre um conjunto de 5 discos. Os discos foliares foram mantidos flutuando em água destilada, em caixas plásticas (3 cm de diâmetro, sob condições controladas. Diariamente, os ácaros mortos foram transferidos para câmara úmida, para confirmação de mortalidade causada pelo fungo. A mortalidade total variou entre 77 e 98% (6 dias após a aplicação, não permitindo diferenciar os isolados quanto à virulência (P>0,05. Já a mortalidade confirmada variou entre 19 e 75%, permitindo diferenciá-los (PThe Paraguay tea (Ilex paraguariensis crop is an important economical activity in Southern Brazil. With the increase of tea consumption in the 80s, the number of monoculture crops also increased, creating favorable conditions for the development of phytophagous insect and mite populations, such as the red mite Oligonychus yothersi. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of the red mite O. yothersi to the several strains of the Beauveria bassiana fungus. The experiments were carried out in Cascavel, PR, Brazil. Leaf disks of Paraguay tea (2.2 cm² were previously infested with 20 adult females. Five disks were inoculated with 1 mL of each conidial suspension of B

  4. EVALUATION OF FACTORS OF THE WORKPLACES IN MATE INDUSTRY (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill. AT CENTRAL-SOUTH IN PARANA STATE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo da Silva Lopes

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available This research was developed in the maté process industry workplaces, located in central-south of the Parana State, Brazil, from June to August 2005. The climate conditions, noise and light level were analyzed using suitable ergonomic methods. The results showed that the climate conditions through the Wet Bulle Globe Temperature (WBGT was in accordance with NR 15 standard, with a maximum of 17.0 ºC at 15:00 p.m. in the “Barbaquá” sector. The noise levels were above allowed by legislation in the “Barbaquá” sector at finally work day. The light conditions were not in accordance with NBR 5413/92 in the majority of the workplaces evaluated, mainly after the 18:00 p.m, when the artificial illumination became necessary.

  5. Sensado de variables mediante terminal Android

    OpenAIRE

    Altaba Rosas, Mar

    2017-01-01

    El presente documento describe los procesos de diseño y desarrollo de un sistema que, a través de una aplicación móvil, sirve como dispositivo para el registro de la actividad cardíaca del paciente, mediante la obtención del electrocardiograma (ECG), y que permite detectar irregularidades para posteriormente, en caso que fuera necesario, poder enviar los datos adquiridos al profesional sanitario pertinente para que éste los analice. El sistema tiene dos componentes diferenciados, por un lado,...

  6. Food Tourism in Indigenous Settings as a Strategy of Sustainable Development: The Case of Ilex guayusa Loes. in the Ecuadorian Amazon

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katia Laura Sidali

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available This paper seeks to contribute to the discussion on how to enhance food tourism in emerging, tropical countries characterized by a large number of indigenous groups and a high biodiversity. A sacred plant for the Kichwa indigenous communities labelled Ilex guayusa Loes. (Aquifoliceae is used as a case study. Twelve recorded interviews with different stakeholders of the Amazon region of Napo in Ecuador were analysed. The results of this qualitative research show that the Western-based theory on niche tourism based on experiential and intimacy theory is compatible with four principles which are related to the cosmovision (worldview of Kichwa indigenous groups, namely: mutual learning, empowerment, regulated access to intellectual property and community legislation. The framework proposed seems suitable to understand food tourism in an indigenous setting. Furthermore, the integration of Western-based food tourism with an indigenous cosmovision might contribute to a more sustainable land use and more equitable social development.

  7. Reconciliando modularidad y eficiencia mediante atajos

    OpenAIRE

    Marco Gómez, Jordi; Franch Gutiérrez, Javier

    1997-01-01

    Se presenta en este artículo una propuesta para el desarrollo de programas eficientes en el marco de la programación con tipos abstractos de datos (TAD), con el objetivo de respetar la estructura modular de los programas propia de este ámbito. La propuesta se centra en el concepto de atajo como camino eficiente de acceso a los datos, alternativo al acceso mediante las operaciones propias del TAD, y se desarrolla sobre un TAD concreto, el almacén de elementos. La definición de los atajos es al...

  8. Modulación del crecimiento vertebral mediante electrocoagulación hemicircunferencial vertebral asistida

    OpenAIRE

    Caballero García, Alberto

    2011-01-01

    Nuestro trabajo está basado en la posibilidad de controlar el desarrollo asimétrico de los cartílagos de crecimiento vertebral, mediante la realización de una fisiodesis hemivertebral, con electrocoagulación, videoasistida por toracoscópica. Se realizará en cinco niveles torácicos, con un abordaje anterior mínimamente invasivo. Por lo tanto, planteamos como hipótesis de trabajo que La destrucción de las fisis de crecimiento vertebral mediante electrocoagulación, videoasistida por vía toracosc...

  9. Programación por metas Energía alternativa mediante biomasa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guerrero Casas, Flor María

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta un modelo multicriterio de localización de centrales de generación de energía eléctrica mediante biomasa. Los objetivos considerados son: (1 minimizar el coste total de la operación, (2 maximizar la producción de electricidad obtenida, (3 maximizar la distancia entre plantas, (4 maximizar la aceptación social y (5 establecer las plantas o ampliaciones en aquellos lugares donde exista una mayor predisposición por parte de las administraciones locales. Finalmente, se concluye con una aplicación práctica mediante programación por metas ponderadas para la región andaluza, considerando los residuos procedentes del olivar como fuente de energía.

  10. Reproductive isolation between host races of Phytomyza glabricola on Ilex coriacea and I. glabra.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julie B Hebert

    Full Text Available Recently diverged taxa often show discordance in genetic divergence among genomic loci, where some loci show strong divergence and others show none at all. Genetic studies alone cannot distinguish among the possible mechanisms but experimental studies on other aspects of divergence may provide guidance in the inference of causes of observed discordances. In this study, we used no-choice mating trials to test for the presence of reproductive isolation between host races of the leaf-mining fly, Phytomyza glabricola on its two holly host species, Ilex coriacea and I. glabra. These trials inform our effort to determine the cause of significant differences in the degree of divergence of nuclear and mitochondrial loci of flies collected from the two host plants. We present evidence of reproductive isolation between host races in a controlled greenhouse setting: significantly more mate pairs consisting of flies from the same host plant species produced offspring than inter-host mate pairs, which produced no offspring. We also tested whether the presence of the natal or non-natal host plant affects reproductive success. Flies collected from I. coriacea were more likely to produce offspring when in the presence of the natal host, whereas the presence or absence of either the natal or non-natal host had no effect on flies collected from I. glabra. The results indicate discordant patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial divergence among host races of P. glabricola are likely due to incomplete lineage sorting, and the host races may be well on their way to becoming biological species.

  11. BIOECOLOGIA E MANEJO DA BROCA-DA-ERVA-MATE, Hedypathes betulinus (KLUG, 1825 (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jerson V. Carús Guedes

    2006-07-01

    Full Text Available A cultura da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. apresenta grande importância social, cultural e econômica no sul do Brasil. Com a formação de povoamentos puros e o aumento da área de plantio, observou-se um aumento populacional de muitas espécies de insetos. Dentre os insetos-praga, a broca-da-erva-mate, Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, é a de maior importância econômica, em razão dos danos que causa e seu difícil controle. A fase larval ocorre no interior dos galhos e troncos das plantas, dificultando sua detecção e manejo. O manejo cultural e o mecânico são os mais indicados, como a coleta de adultos, poda e queima de partes atacadas da planta, nutrição equilibrada, densidade adequada de plantas e manutenção de áreas com vegetação nativa ou ainda a introdução do policultivo. Com essas técnicas, espera-se um maior equilibrio do agroecossistema e, com isso, a diminuição dos insetos-praga a um nível aceitável. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é reunir e discutir as informações da bioecologia e manejo da broca-da-erva-mate.

  12. Comparación del gasto energético en reposo determinado mediante calorimetría indirecta y estimado mediante fórmulas predictivas en mujeres con grados de obesidad I a III

    OpenAIRE

    Alicia Parra-Carriedo; Loren Cherem-Cherem; Daniela Galindo-De Noriega; Mary Carmen Díaz-Gutiérrez; Ana Bertha Pérez-Lizaur; César Hernández-Guerrero

    2013-01-01

    Introducción: La determinación del gasto energético en reposo (GER) se calcula cotidianamente a partir de fórmulas predictivas aunque el resultado varía dependiendo de la población. Objetivo: Comparar la determinación del GER mediante calorimetría indirecta y mediante las ecuaciones Harris-Benedict (HB), Mifflin (MF), Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), "Institute of Medicine" (IOM), Fórmula Rápida (FR) y Valencia (VA) en mujeres con grados de obesidad I a III. Métodos: Mujeres adultas me...

  13. Ensayo no destructivo de soldaduras en pernos conectores mediante inspección acústica

    OpenAIRE

    Aznar, A.; Cervera, J.; Ortiz, J.; Hernando, J. I.

    2012-01-01

    Los pernos conectores aportan múltiples ventajas de uso, entre las que se encuentra el elevado margen de seguridad que ofrecen sus soldaduras ejecutadas mediante arco eléctrico. Estas soldaduras, aunque ampliamente fiables, son difícilmente comprobadas mediante ensayos no destructivos. Aparte de la inspección visual, que aporta gran información sobre la calidad de ejecución de la soldadura, el resto de ensayos no destructivos (líquidos penetrantes, partículas magnéticas, ultrasonidos, radiogr...

  14. INFLUÊNCIA DO ESPAÇAMENTO E IDADE DA BROTAÇÃO NA MORFOMETRIA DE POVOAMENTOS DE Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Frederico Dimas Fleig

    2003-05-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta aspectos da morfometria de erveiras reflorestadas. A área de estudos localiza- -se no estado de Santa Catarina, no município de Catanduvas. As plantas avaliadas apresentam idade aproximada de 14 anos, e estão dispostas em um arranjo fatorial com espaçamentos de 3, 4 e 5 m nas entrelinhas e 2, 3 e 4 m nas linhas. Dividiram-se as erveiras em dois grupos, sendo o primeiro podado em setembro, e o segundo, em janeiro respectivamente, quando as copas atingiram 24 e 28 meses de idade. A totalidade das erveiras avaliadas apresentam-se bifurcadas na proximidade da base, assim, o perímetro ao nível do solo apresenta-se com correlação não-significativa com a biomassa da copa. Pela comparação das áreas basais e número de troncos obtidos a 0,3, 06 e 0,9 m de altura, constatou-se que a altura ideal de avaliação do tronco é a 0,60 m de altura em relação ao nível do solo. A área basal por planta, a essa altura, foi positivamente influenciada pelos espaçamentos nas entrelinhas e nas linhas (Prob<0,05. O número de troncos à altura de 0,6 m (Nt6 da planta foi significativamente influenciado pela distância entre plantas na linha, na qual a de 2 m foi menor e divergente das demais. Os espaçamentos entre erveiras influenciaram as dimensões das copas, sendo o diâmetro da copa (Dc8 significativamente influenciado pelo espaçamento nas linhas, com superioridade para os maiores espaçamentos. O comprimento da copa (Cc e a altura total (ht foram significativamente influenciados pelas distâncias na linha e na entrelinha. O grau de copa (Cc/ht só apresenta diferença significativa para o fator linha. Já o grau de cobertura (Dc8/ht apresentou diferença significativa para o fator distância entrelinhas. O formal de copa (Dc8/Cc atingiu valores próximos à unidade, pois as erveiras apresentam copas com diâmetro proporcional ao seu comprimento.

  15. DESENVOLVIMENTO DE IOGURTE LIGHT COM EXTRATO DE ERVA-MATE (ILEX PARAGUARIENSIS ST. HIL E ADIÇÃO DE PROBIÓTICOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daiane PRECI

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available O comportamento no consumo de alimentos vem sofrendo mudanças signifi cativas nos últimos anos, motivado por um maior nível de consciência dos consumidores com a saúde. A preocupação de proporcionar aos consumidores produtos de qualidade requer a adoção de medidas para limitar a oxidação durante as etapas de processamento e armazenamento dos produtos, como a adição de compostos antioxidantes nos mesmos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial do extrato de erva-mate como antioxidante em iogurte light. Também foi avaliado o comportamento dos iogurtes formulados durante a vida de prateleira. Observou-se que o percentual antioxidante atingiu 99,5% de atividade antioxidante para a concentração 750μgmL-1 e forneceu um IC50 de 254,8μgmL-1. No 60º dia de armazenamento sob refrigeração, os iogurtes com 0,1% de extrato e ambos com 0,25% de extrato de erva mate apresentaram diferença em relação às duas formulações que não receberam a adição de extrato, de forma a apresentarem os menores valores de mg de MA/kg de amostra. A presença de extrato de erva mate não infl uenciou signifi cativamente na oxidação de proteínas. Não se observou interferência do extrato de ervamate nos valores de acidez e não foi observada diferença estatística na contagem das bactérias lácticas, de maneira que o extrato de erva mate não afetou o desenvolvimento microbiológico.

  16. Estimativa das gerações anuais de Gyropsylla spegazziniana (LIZER, 1917 em função de sua exigência térmica Estimation of the annual generations of Gyropsylla spegazziniana (LIZER, 1917 in function on the thermal requeriments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luís Antônio Chiaradia

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Gyropsylla spegazziniana (Lizer, 1917 (Hemiptera, Psyllidae ou "ampola" é uma praga da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis que induz a hipertrofia de folhas novas, para abrigar as ninfas. Folhas com estes sintomas caem após a saída dos insetos, reduzindo a produtividade dos ervais. Para estudar as interferências dos fatores ambientais sobre a flutuação populacional desta praga, foram realizadas amostragens quinzenais, em dois ervais situados em Chapecó-SC, no período de 1997 a 2000. A triagem das amostras foi realizada na Epagri/CPPP e totalizou 21.044 espécimes, com razão sexual de 0,42. A análise de correlação entre os insetos capturados no período 1998/2000 e a média mensal de temperatura mínima (Tmi acusou r = 0,63 e a análise de regressão linear expressou a equação = - 1.621,47 + 156,37 Tmi, com r² = 0,40. A temperatura base (Tb de 10,36 ºC foi estimada ao atribuir valor zero para esta equação. A constante térmica (K de 399,52 graus-dia (GD foi calculada por K = D (T – Tb, onde D = 27,29 dias do ciclo de vida da "ampola" a 25ºC (T. Os 3.219,30 GD anuais foram obtidos pela média dos somatórios anuais das médias mensais das temperaturas médias, diminuídas da Tb e multiplicadas pelo número de dias de cada mês, nos meses que a Tmi > Tb. A divisão do GD anual pela K resultou em 8,05 possíveis gerações anuais desta praga.Gyropsylla spegazziniana (Lizer, 1917 (Hemiptera, Psyllidae or "ampul" is a pest of paraguay-tea (Ilex paraguariensis that provoques the growth in the structure of new leaves for ninfal protection. Leaves with these symptoms fall after insects left causing produtivity reduction. To study the environmental factors interference in the population flutuation of this pest, two orchards were biweekly sampled from 1997 to 2000 in Chapecó, SC. The samples were evaluated in the Agricultural Research Enterprise - Epagri/CPPP, and totaled 21,044 insects with 0.42% of sexual ratio. Correlation analyses

  17. Leaf anatomy of medicinal shrubs and trees from Misiones forest of the Paranaense Province (Argentina: Part 2 Anatomía foliar de arbustos y árboles medicinales de la Selva Misionera de la provincia Paranaense (Argentina: Parte 2

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana M. Arambarri

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available The present paper contains the study of the second part of medicinal shrubs and trees from Paranaense province. Forty five species of shrubs and trees belonging to 29 families inhabiting Misiones forest of the Paranaense biogeographic province (Argentina have been cited with medicinal properties. The work provides illustrations of diagnostic characters and conclusions of the main botanical differential traits, such as the presence of crystaliferous epidermis (e.g. Trixis divaricata subsp. divaricata; stomata and trichomes types (e. g. ciclocytic stomata in Pilocarpus pennatifolius and scale peltate trichomes in Tabebuia heptaphylla; midvein transection outlines (e.g. midvein convex and keel-shaped on the adaxial side in Schinus weinmanniifolia; presence and types of crystals (e.g. crystal sand in Cordia ecalyculata, raphides in Psychotria carthagenensis. This paper also gives an ecological interpretation of the species studied which shows predominantly a combination of mesomorphic (e.g. hypostomatic leaves, dorsiventral mesophyll and xeromorphic leaf traits (e.g. thick cuticle, abundant sclerenchyma, multilayered epidermis, mesophyll formed exclusively by palisade parenchyma, multilayered hypodermis, presence of sclereids. Only two species (Ilex paraguariensis and Manihot grahamii have mesomorphic (e.g. hypostomatic leaves, dorsiventral mesophyll and hygromorphic leaf characters (e.g. epidermis glabrous. Finally, the work provides a key to distinguish 107 medicinal shrubs and trees from the Paranaense biogeographic province (Part 1: Gallery forests and Part 2: Misiones forest that permit identified species using anatomy leaf characteristics.El presente trabajo corresponde a la segunda entrega del estudio de arbustos y árboles medicinales de la provincia biogeografica Paranaense. En esta parte, se analizaron 45 especies contenidas en 29 familias que habitan la Selva Misionera y han sido citadas con propiedades medicinales. El trabajo se acompa

  18. Gluteoplastia tridimensional mediante distribución volumétrica precisa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Alfonso Vallarta-Rodríguez

    Full Text Available Introducción y objetivo. La gluteoplastia mediante lipoinyección debe ser una cirugía segura que partiendo de una planificación adecuada, permita un aumento moderado enfatizando contornos y mejorando la forma natural de la región glútea. Debe permitir obtener resultados predecibles, duraderos y reproducibles, además de ser aplicable en una amplia variedad de pacientes. Presentamos un método de gluteoplastia de aumento sistematizada con lipoinyección que además de ser reproducible, permite obtener resultados consistentes, naturales y permanentes, distribuyendo estratégicamente volúmenes en cuadrantes. Pacientes y Método. Con mínima manipulación del lipoaspirado, infiltramos cantidades controladas en 9 cuadrantes en cada nalga. El cuadrante central representa la zona de máxima proyección y recibe la mitad del volumen. Denominamos zonas primarias a los 4 cuadrantes en los ejes X-Y, zonas que reciben el 40% del volumen infiltrado. Las zonas secundarias o menores corresponden a los cuadrantes situados entre los cuadrantes principales, y reciben el 10% del volumen total. Resultados. Entre 2008 y 2013 intervenimos a 75 pacientes para aumento y remodelación de glúteos con la técnica descrita, todas mujeres de 24 a 52 años. Las pacientes presentaron una convalecencia favorable y una satisfacción del 93%. Nueve pacientes presentaron seromas que se resolvieron mediante aspiración en consultorio. No se presentaron complicaciones mayores. Conclusiones. Presentamos un método de remodelación glútea mediante lipoinyección que, además de ofrecer excelentes resultados, predecibles, consistentes, naturales y permanentes, es lógico y reproducible.

  19. Sensitivity analysis of a parameterization of the stomatal component of the DO3SE model for Quercus ilex to estimate ozone fluxes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alonso, Rocio; Elvira, Susana; Sanz, Maria J.; Gerosa, Giacomo; Emberson, Lisa D.; Bermejo, Victoria; Gimeno, Benjamin S.

    2008-01-01

    A sensitivity analysis of a proposed parameterization of the stomatal conductance (g s ) module of the European ozone deposition model (DO 3 SE) for Quercus ilex was performed. The performance of the model was tested against measured g s in the field at three sites in Spain. The best fit of the model was found for those sites, or during those periods, facing no or mild stress conditions, but a worse performance was found under severe drought or temperature stress, mostly occurring at continental sites. The best performance was obtained when both f phen and f SWP were included. A local parameterization accounting for the lower temperatures recorded in winter and the higher water shortage at the continental sites resulted in a better performance of the model. The overall results indicate that two different parameterizations of the model are needed, one for marine-influenced sites and another one for continental sites. - No redundancy between phenological and water-related modifying functions was found when estimating stomatal behavior of Holm oak

  20. Midday stomatal closure in Mediterranean type sclerophylls under simulated habitat conditions in an environmental chamber : II. Effect of the complex of leaf temperature and air humidity on gas exchange of Arbutus unedo and Quercus ilex.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tenhunen, J D; Lange, O L; Braun, M

    1981-08-01

    Shrubs of the Mediterranean sclerophyllous species Arbutus unedo and Quercus ilex were studied under simulated habitat conditions in an environmental chamber. Temperature, humidity, and light intensity were altered stepwise to simulate diurnal changes in conditions similar to those measured in an evergreen macchia in Sobreda, Portugal. Leaves were enclosed in cuvettes which reproduced the growth chamber climate and which allowed measurement of gas exchange. Increasing atmospheric stress in the form of higher temperature and lower humidity on successive days gradually results in midday depression of transpiration rate and net photosynthesis rate of leaves due to midday stomatal closure.

  1. Diseño mediante elementos finitos de componentes estructurales de un cuadricóptero para impresión 3D

    OpenAIRE

    PARDO APARISI, IVÁN

    2016-01-01

    El trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar componentes estructurales, mediante el método de elementos finitos, que serán utilizados en un dron de cuatro rotores (cuadricóptero). Una característica particular de este proyecto es que los componentes estructurales a diseñar serán fabricados mediante impresión 3D. Pardo Aparisi, I. (2016). Diseño mediante elementos finitos de componentes estructurales de un cuadricóptero para impresión 3D. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/75994. TFGM

  2. Manejo sostenible y sustentable de fincas productoras mediante procesos participativos en Sáchica, Boyacá

    OpenAIRE

    Ángel Eduardo Ramírez-Amaya; Germán Gonzalo Hurtado

    2013-01-01

    Objetivo. Elaborar un proyecto de desarrollo sostenible y sustentable de fincas productoras mediante procesos participativos en el municipio de Sáchica, Boyacá. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó con familias campesinas de la vereda Arrayán Alto, del municipio de Sáchica, Boyacá, mediante la metodología Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), que se centra en la participación de las comunidades para elaborar propuestas concertadas con ellas. El trabajo se desarrolló en varias...

  3. Photosynthetic responses to elevated CO2 and O3 in Quercus ilex leaves at a natural CO2 spring

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Paoletti, E.; Seufert, G.; Della Rocca, G.; Thomsen, H.

    2007-01-01

    Photosynthetic stimulation and stomatal conductance (Gs) depression in Quercus ilex leaves at a CO 2 spring suggested no down-regulation. The insensitivity of Gs to a CO 2 increase (from ambient 1500 to 2000 μmol mol -1 ) suggested stomatal acclimation. Both responses are likely adaptations to the special environment of CO 2 springs. At the CO 2 -enriched site, not at the control site, photosynthesis decreased 9% in leaves exposed to 2x ambient O 3 concentrations in branch enclosures, compared to controls in charcoal-filtered air. The stomatal density reduction at high CO 2 was one-third lower than the concomitant Gs reduction, so that the O 3 uptake per single stoma was lower than at ambient CO 2 . No significant variation in monoterpene emission was measured. Higher trichome and mesophyll density were recorded at the CO 2 -enriched site, accounting for lower O 3 sensitivity. A long-term exposure to H 2 S, reflected by higher foliar S-content, and CO 2 might depress the antioxidant capacity of leaves close to the vent and increase their O 3 sensitivity. - Very high CO 2 concentrations did not compensate for the effects of O 3 on holm oak photosynthesis

  4. Instalación eléctrica de una vivienda unifamiliar aislada mediante suministro de energías renovables

    OpenAIRE

    LOZANO VALLADOLID, FERNANDO

    2015-01-01

    [ES] Instalación eléctrica con grado de electrificación elevada de una vivienda unifamiliar aislada mediante suministro de energías renovables (solar, eólica, geotérmicas). Lozano Valladolid, F. (2015). Instalación eléctrica de una vivienda unifamiliar aislada mediante suministro de energías renovables. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/58751. TFGM

  5. Adverse events of herbal food supplements for body weight reduction: systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pittler, M H; Schmidt, K; Ernst, E

    2005-05-01

    Herbal weight-loss supplements are marketed with claims of effectiveness. Our earlier systematic review identified data from double-blind, randomized controlled trials for a number of herbal supplements. The aim of this systematic review was to assess all clinical evidence of adverse events of herbal food supplements for body weight reduction for which effectiveness data from rigorous clinical trials exist. We assessed Ephedra sinica, Garcinia cambogia, Paullinia cupana, guar gum, Plantago psyllium, Ilex paraguariensis and Pausinystalia yohimbe. Literature searches were conducted on Medline, Embase, Amed and The Cochrane Library. Data were also requested from the spontaneous reporting scheme of the World Health Organization. We hand-searched relevant medical journals and our own files. There were no restrictions regarding the language of publication. The results show that adverse events including hepatic injury and death have been reported with the use of some herbal food supplements. For herbal ephedra and ephedrine-containing food supplements an increased risk of psychiatric, autonomic or gastrointestinal adverse events and heart palpitations has been reported. In conclusion, adverse events are reported for a number of herbal food supplements, which are used for reducing body weight. Although the quality of the data does not justify definitive attribution of causality in most cases, the reported risks are sufficient to shift the risk-benefit balance against the use of most of the reviewed herbal weight-loss supplements. Exceptions are Garcinia cambogia and yerba mate, which merit further investigation.

  6. Recent advances in the bioactive properties of yerba mate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Camila Helena Ferreira Cuelho

    Full Text Available Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. is a perennial shrub of Aquifoliaceae family that grows naturally in South America and is cultivated in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. The aim of this review is to summarize concisely recent advances published in the last 4 years on the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity and antimutagenic activities of yerba mate. For this, a search was made in some of the databases on the web as PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline. There are several studies in the literature reporting the effects of yerba mate in the metabolic profile related to diabetes and obesity. Among the findings of the researches are the reduction of body weight, liver triglycerides and white adipose tissue. It also increases the levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 and leptin, reduces blood glucose and insulin resistance and contributes to a lower rate of growth of adipose tissue. Regarding the antioxidant properties, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and rutin are the compounds that contribute to the antioxidant activity. The aqueous extract also protects the red cells of hemolysis induced by hydrogen peroxide. In mutagenesis, researches suggest that dicaffeoylquinic acids in yerba mate could be potential anti-cancer agents. Saponins in leaves of yerba mate prevent the in?ammation and colon cancer in vitro. Already in skin cancer, oral and topic treatment of rats exposed at ultraviolet radiation with mate tea prevented the lipid peroxidation and DNA damage.

  7. INFLUÊNCIA DA LUMINOSIDADE E FERTILIZANTES NOS TEORES DE METILXANTINAS E COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS EM FOLHAS DE ERVA-MATE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Überson Boaretto Rossa

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available The Mate Tea (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. is a climax species adapted to low light, and that is why is more cultivated in consortium with other species of woods and more intensively that their traditional exploration. To maintain adequate levels of productivity, it is necessary the use of a fertilizer that gives nutritional intake to plants. The levels of substances of plant secondary metabolism as methylxanthines and phenolic compounds may be affected by this type of intensive management since the shading and fertilization influence the physiology of the plant. Aiming the determination of the levels of totals methylxanthines and phenolic compounds, produced under relative brightness of 30, 45 and 60%, and conventional fertilization (N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O 15-05-30 and slow release (N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O 15-08-12, this study was proposed for two growing seasons 2011 e 2012. The fertilization of mate tea associated with the apparent brightness levels did not promote increased levels of totals methylxanthines and phenolic compounds. The apparent brightness of 30% established the best indicator to obtain methylxanthines, and the conventional fertilization had the highest fertilization production of methylxanthine, when subjected to the apparent brightness of 30 and 45 %. There was an increase of the content of phenolic compounds of the growing season 2011 to 2012 promoted by the fertilization treatment with FLL and FC under the apparent brightness of 30% and 60%.

  8. Sensitivity analysis of a parameterization of the stomatal component of the DO{sub 3}SE model for Quercus ilex to estimate ozone fluxes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Alonso, Rocio [Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid (Spain)], E-mail: rocio.alonso@ciemat.es; Elvira, Susana [Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid (Spain)], E-mail: susana.elvira@ciemat.es; Sanz, Maria J. [Fundacion CEAM, Charles Darwin 14, 46980 Paterna, Valencia (Spain)], E-mail: mjose@ceam.es; Gerosa, Giacomo [Department of Mathematics and Physics, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Musei 41, 25121 Brescia (Italy)], E-mail: giacomo.gerosa@unicatt.it; Emberson, Lisa D. [Stockholm Environment Institute, University of York, York YO 10 5DD (United Kingdom)], E-mail: lde1@york.ac.uk; Bermejo, Victoria [Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid (Spain)], E-mail: victoria.bermejo@ciemat.es; Gimeno, Benjamin S. [Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid (Spain)], E-mail: benjamin.gimeno@ciemat.es

    2008-10-15

    A sensitivity analysis of a proposed parameterization of the stomatal conductance (g{sub s}) module of the European ozone deposition model (DO{sub 3}SE) for Quercus ilex was performed. The performance of the model was tested against measured g{sub s} in the field at three sites in Spain. The best fit of the model was found for those sites, or during those periods, facing no or mild stress conditions, but a worse performance was found under severe drought or temperature stress, mostly occurring at continental sites. The best performance was obtained when both f{sub phen} and f{sub SWP} were included. A local parameterization accounting for the lower temperatures recorded in winter and the higher water shortage at the continental sites resulted in a better performance of the model. The overall results indicate that two different parameterizations of the model are needed, one for marine-influenced sites and another one for continental sites. - No redundancy between phenological and water-related modifying functions was found when estimating stomatal behavior of Holm oak.

  9. VIGOR JUVENIL EM PROGÊNIES DE ERVA-MATE (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. NATIVAS DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raul Alffonso Rodrigues Roa

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho objetivou estimar parâmetros e valores genéticos para caracteres altura, diâmetro e sobrevivência de progênies de erva-mate em fase inicial de desenvolvimento, com vistas ao estabelecimento de teste de progênie em área indígena Kaiowá e Guarani, visando à seleção de materiais genéticos adaptados ao local. As sementes foram coletadas de trinta matrizes nativas de polinização aberta no município de Caarapó, MS. As progênies de meio-irmãos foram estabelecidas no viveiro da COMFLORA Reflorestadora, em Ponta Porã, MS, sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com trinta tratamentos (progênies, cinco repetições e dez plantas por parcela em linhas simples. Aos 8 meses de idade, foram avaliados os caracteres: altura total das mudas, diâmetro do coleto e sobrevivência. Os valores obtidos de herdabilidades individual (0,48; 0,55 e 0,79 e para média de progênies (0,74; 0,87 e 0,90 para os caracteres altura, diâmetro e sobrevivência, respectivamente, foram expressivos, sugerindo grandes chances de progresso genético na seqüência das avaliações. Ganhos genéticos preditos de 46,26% foram obtidos para o caracter altura e 38,61% para o caracter diâmetro, com a seleção dos dez melhores indivíduos. Os coeficientes de variação genética individual (CVgi% para os caracteres altura (25,24 e diâmetro (18,48 são considerados valores elevados, o que denota a ocorrência de uma expressão genética desejável para o programa de melhoramento genético. Os ganhos genéticos com seleção para a idade avaliada estimulam a utilização desse germoplasma e a continuidade das avaliações em idades mais avançadas.

  10. Changes in DNA methylation fingerprint of Quercus ilex trees in response to experimental field drought simulating projected climate change.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rico, L; Ogaya, R; Barbeta, A; Peñuelas, J

    2014-03-01

    Rapid genetic changes in plants have been reported in response to current climate change. We assessed the capacity of trees in a natural forest to produce rapid acclimation responses based on epigenetic modifications. We analysed natural populations of Quercus ilex, the dominant tree species of Mediterranean forests, using the methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) technique to assess patterns and levels of methylation in individuals from unstressed forest plots and from plots experimentally exposed to drought for 12 years at levels projected for the coming decades. The percentage of hypermethylated loci increased, and the percentage of fully methylated loci clearly decreased in plants exposed to drought. Multivariate analyses exploring the status of methylation at MSAP loci also showed clear differentiation depending on stress. The PCA scores for the MSAP profiles clearly separated the genetic from the epigenetic structure, and also significantly separated the samples within each group in response to drought. Changes in DNA methylation highlight the large capacity of plants to rapidly acclimate to changing environmental conditions, including trees with long life spans, and our results demonstrate those changes. These changes, although unable to prevent the decreased growth and higher mortality associated with this experimental drought, occurred together with a dampening in such decreases as the long-term treatment progressed. © 2013 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.

  11. Establecer las condiciones necesarias para procesar materiales termoestables mediante el rotomoldeo

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez O., Daniel

    2009-01-01

    En este trabajo se establecieron las condiciones necesarias para procesar materiales termoestables mediante la técnica de rotomoldeo, comenzando por el estudio de las condiciones de curado y viscosidad relativa, donde se evidenció una relación directa del porcentaje de catalizador en función del tiempo y la temperatura de polimerización.

  12. Functional adjustments of xylem anatomy to climatic variability: insights from long-term Ilex aquifolium tree-ring series.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rita, Angelo; Cherubini, Paolo; Leonardi, Stefano; Todaro, Luigi; Borghetti, Marco

    2015-08-01

    The present study assessed the effects of climatic conditions on radial growth and functional anatomical traits, including ring width, vessel size, vessel frequency and derived variables, i.e., potential hydraulic conductivity and xylem vulnerability to cavitation in Ilex aquifolium L. trees using long-term tree-ring time series obtained at two climatically contrasting sites, one mesic site in Switzerland (CH) and one drought-prone site in Italy (ITA). Relationships were explored by examining different xylem traits, and point pattern analysis was applied to investigate vessel clustering. We also used generalized additive models and bootstrap correlation functions to describe temperature and precipitation effects. Results indicated modified radial growth and xylem anatomy in trees over the last century; in particular, vessel frequency increased markedly at both sites in recent years, and all xylem traits examined, with the exception of xylem cavitation vulnerability, were higher at the CH mesic compared with the ITA drought site. A significant vessel clustering was observed at the ITA site, which could contribute to an enhanced tolerance to drought-induced embolism. Flat and negative relationships between vessel size and ring width were observed, suggesting carbon was not allocated to radial growth under conditions which favored stem water conduction. Finally, in most cases results indicated that climatic conditions influenced functional anatomical traits more substantially than tree radial growth, suggesting a crucial role of functional xylem anatomy in plant acclimation to future climatic conditions. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  13. Ensayo no destructivo de soldaduras en pernos conectores mediante inspección acústica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aznar, A.

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Headed studs are nowadays the standard steel-concrete connectors because of their competitive advantages. Firstly, they provide a high degree of safety thanks to semiautomatic electric arc welding. These welds are not suitable for typical non-destructive tests. The analytical study comprises several models. The first vibration modes have been obtained. The experimental research has developed first the measurement of the natural frequencies of 28 headed-studs in the sonic range. Then they have been tested by non-destructive and destructive tests. Finally theirs tests have been compared with their respective frequency measurements. A clear relationship between the measured frequencies and the lack of penetration of the welds has been established, that confirms the analytical prediction of this effect of the internal weld imperfections. Therefore, the feasibility of simple and absolutely non-destructive tests of welded studs by in site measurement of natural frequencies in the sonic range has been clearly established in this work.

    Los pernos conectores aportan múltiples ventajas de uso, entre las que se encuentra el elevado margen de seguridad que ofrecen sus soldaduras ejecutadas mediante arco eléctrico. Estas soldaduras, aunque ampliamente fiables, son difícilmente comprobadas mediante ensayos no destructivos. El presente estudio plantea la inspección de soldaduras de pernos conectores mediante su espectro acústico. Analíticamente, la investigación se ha centrado en el cálculo de los primeros modos propios de vibración. Experimentalmente se han medido las frecuencias propias de resonancia de 28 pernos, en los que posteriormente se han llevado a cabo ensayos tanto no destructivos como destructivos. Se ha obtenido, tanto teórica como experimentalmente, una relación entre la frecuencia de vibración de los pernos conectores y la calidad de la soldadura. Por ello se verifica la posibilidad de inspección de estas

  14. La prueba obtenida mediante coacción y su inadmisibilidad ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos

    OpenAIRE

    Paúl Díaz, Álvaro

    2016-01-01

    La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos efectúa un amplio análisis probatorio para determinar la ocurrencia de violaciones de derechos humanos. Ella tiende a ser muy flexible con la admisión de la prueba, sin perjuicio de ello estaría obligada a excluir confesiones obtenidas mediante coacción. En relación con esto, la Corte ha hecho afirmaciones que parecen propiciar la exclusión de toda prueba obtenida mediante coerción, y dar pie a la doctrina del fruto de árbol envenenado. Este artícul...

  15. Efeito do consumo de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis sobre o ganho de peso e a glicemia de jejum em ratos alimentados com uma dieta hiperlipídica = Effect of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis consumption on weight gain and fasting glucose in rats fed with a high-fat diet

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Machado, Alisson Diego

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do consumo de erva-mate sobre o ganho de peso e a glicemia de jejum em ratos alimentados com uma dieta hiperlipídica. Materiais e Métodos: Foram utilizados 14 ratos divididos em três grupos. O primeiro grupo (n=4 foi alimentado com ração comercial para ratos, o segundo (n=5 recebeu dieta hiperlipídica e o terceiro (n=5 foi alimentado com dieta hiperlipídica acrescida de infusão de erva-mate, durante 24 dias. Durante o estudo foram monitorados o peso e o índice de Lee e ao final a glicemia de jejum. Resultados: Os ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica contendo infusão de erva-mate apresentaram menor ganho de peso em relação aos que consumiram apenas a ração hiperlipídica, nos três períodos experimentais analisados (p=0,048, p=0,016 e p=0,048, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa em relação ao índice de Lee entre os grupos. O consumo da erva-mate promoveu tendência a menores níveis de glicemia de jejum em relação ao grupo alimentado com dieta comercial (p=0,056 e ao grupo que recebeu dieta hiperlipídica (p=0,075. Conclusão: O consumo de erva-mate proporcionou menor ganho de peso em relação aos ratos que foram alimentados apenas com ração hiperlipídica e tendência a menores níveis de glicemia de jejum

  16. Procedimiento de estabilización de mercurio líquido mediante cemento polimérico de azufre, vía sulfuro de mercurio.

    OpenAIRE

    López-Delgado, Aurora; López Gómez, Félix Antonio; Alguacil, Francisco José; Alonso Gámez, Manuel

    2011-01-01

    Procedimiento de estabilización de mercurio líquido mediante cemento polimérico de azufre, vía sulfuro de mercurio. Procedimiento para la estabilización de mercurio líquido mediante la obtención de cementos poliméricos de azufre que comprende: (a) transformación del mercurio líquido en sulfuro de mercurio (metacinabrio) mediante reacción química, en condiciones estequiométricas, entre el mercurio y el azufre elemental; y (b) obtención de cemento polimérico de azufre me...

  17. Associations between Trunk Extension Endurance and Isolated Lumbar Extension Strength in Both Asymptomatic Participants and Those with Chronic Low Back Pain

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rebecca Conway

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Background: Strength and endurance tests are important for both clinical practice and research due to the key role they play in musculoskeletal function. In particular, deconditioning of the lumbar extensor musculature has been associated with low back pain (LBP. Due to the relationship between strength and absolute endurance, it is possible that trunk extension (TEX endurance tests could provide a proxy measure of isolated lumbar extension (ILEX strength and thus represent a simple, practical alternative to ILEX measurements. Though, the comparability of TEX endurance and ILEX strength is presently unclear and so the aim of the present study was to examine this relationship. Methods: Thirty eight healthy participants and nineteen participants with non-specific chronic LBP and no previous lumbar surgery participated in this cross-sectional study design. TEX endurance was measured using the Biering–Sorensen test. A maximal ILEX strength test was performed on the MedX lumbar-extension machine. Results: A Pearson’s correlation revealed no relationship between TEX endurance and ILEX strength in the combined group (r = 0.035, p = 0.793, the chronic LBP group (r = 0.120, p = 0.623 or the asymptomatic group (r = −0.060, p = 0.720. Conclusions: The results suggest that TEX is not a good indicator of ILEX and cannot be used to infer results regarding ILEX strength. However, a combination of TEX and ILEX interpreted together likely offers the greatest and most comprehensive information regarding lumbo-pelvic function during extension.

  18. Modelo de dinámica lateral de vehículo mediante bond graph

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Carlos Parra Márquez

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta los resultados de la investigación, cuyo objetivo es obtener un modelo matemático que permita determinar la dinámica lateral de un vehículo mediante el uso de Bond Graph. Este modelo es válido para robótica móvil. Los análisis de comportamiento del modelo han sido probados con simulaciones típicas del movimiento lateral de un vehículo. Finalmente, este modelo ha sido obtenido e implementado mediante el software 20-Sim. This paper presents the results of a research whose objective was to find a mathematical model in order to determine the lateral dynamic of Vehicle by means of the use of Bond Graph. This model is valid also for mobile robotics. The analyses of behavior of the model were realized across typical simulations of a vehicle in lateral movement. Finally, this mathematical model was obtained and implemented across the software 20-Sim.

  19. The Effect of Mg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ pre-treatment on the color of yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis leaves

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Griselda Patricia Scipioni

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work was to study the effect of alkaline blanching followed by an immersion in salt solutions of Mg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ on color preservation of Yerba Maté leaves. The concentration of NaOH in the alkaline solution influenced all of the color parameters. Ion concentration and dipped time influenced only some color parameters. The color parameters of the product obtained with different treatments were different from the control sample (blanched with boiling water instead of alkaline blanching and from the product obtained via industrial processing. The green color in the pre-treated and control samples was more intense (greater values of -a and darker (low values of L and b. Ionic and ash content in the leaves increased with the treatments.

  20. Procedimiento para la obtención de levaduras vínicas superproductoras de manoproteínas mediante tecnologías no recombinantes

    OpenAIRE

    Barcenilla Moraleda, José María; González Ramos, Daniel; Tabera, Laura; González García, Ramón

    2008-01-01

    Procedimiento para la obtención de levaduras vínicas superproductoras de manoproteínas mediante tecnologías no recombinantes. Procedimiento para obtener cepas de levaduras superproductoras de manoproteínas mediante la selección de mutantes resistentes a la toxina K9, cepas obtenibles por dicho procedimiento y usos.

  1. Modelado del proceso de esterilización del hospital clínico universitario de Valladolid mediante diagramas IDEF

    OpenAIRE

    Viñas del Hoyo, Víctor

    2015-01-01

    El principal objetivo de este trabajo de fin de grado es elaborar mediante diagramas IDEF, más concretamente el IDEFO, cuál sería el funcionamiento de la central de esterilización de nueva construcción del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, mediante la gestión por procesos. Otros objetivos secundarios pero no menos importantes de este proyecto son:comprender el modelo de gestión por procesos e identificar los pasos que hay que seguir para implantarla correctamente. Ver y aprender ...

  2. Extracción de ADN de Trypanosoma cruzi mediante tratamiento con bromuro de hexadecil-trimetil-amonio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcela Escalante

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se describe un método rápido, sencillo y eficaz para la obtención de ADN genómico de Trypanosoma cruzi, libre de impurezas y fácil de manipular. Dicho procedimiento se basa en la lisis del parásito con SDS y remoción de proteínas mediante la digestión con proteinasa K, seguida de la precipitación selectiva de carbohidratos y proteínas residuales con bromuro de hexadecil-trimetil-amonio (CTAB. Finalmente, el ADN se extrae con cloroformo: alcohol isoamílico y se recupera de la fase acuosa mediante precipitación con isopropanol.

  3. Diseño y prototipaje del álabe para un miniaerogenerador mediante impresión 3D

    OpenAIRE

    Roy Mota, Andrea

    2017-01-01

    El objetivo de este proyecto consiste en el diseño de una maqueta de álabe para un mini aerogenerador y su posterior fabricación con PLA mediante la tecnología de impresión 3D no industrial. Para conseguirlo se creó una hoja de cálculo que torna la superficie del ala; se analizó la impresora 3D y se diseñó la estructura interna del aspa para dotarlo de resistencia según sus límites de impresión de la impresora mediante el programa Siemens Unigraphics NX10; se simularon los esfuerzos y a parti...

  4. Mapas de Entornos Mediante Navegacion Difusa y Sistema de Teleoperacion de una Plataforma Pioneer P3-DX

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Granda

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available El presente proyecto describe el diseno e implementacion de aplicaciones de Teleoperacion, Adquisicion de Datos, Control Difuso de Velocidad y Mapeo de Entornos en 2D, para la plataforma movil Pioneer P3-DX mediante el uso de sonares, odometrıa y software libre GNU/Linux. El proyecto brinda una guıa para utilizar los conceptos de programacion en Python, que permite crear aplicaciones de manera versatil mediante el uso de librerıas como: GTK para el desarrollo del entorno grafico, PYFUZZY para el desarrollo del controlador difuso de velocidad y OPENCV para mostrar los mapas del entorno.

  5. ANÁLISE DE METAIS EM AMOSTRAS COMERCIAIS DE ERVA-MATE DO SUL DO BRASIL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Paula SAIDELLES

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available

    A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis, St. Hill. ingerida como infusão a quente, chamada de “chimarrão”, é uma cultura com grande valor comercial para os estados do sul do Brasil. Atualmente muitos estudos tem sido desenvolvidos buscando estabelecer os benefícios terapêuticos e efeitos colaterais à saúde humana da erva-mate, que podem estar relacionados à presença de metais. Neste trabalho foram determinadas as concentrações de metais essenciais e tóxicos na composição da erva-mate comercializada e consumida nos diferentes estados do sul do Brasil. Amostras provenientes do Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná e Santa Catarina foram analisadas para a determinação da concentração de Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn por espectrometria de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-MS e espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES. Observou-se que a concentração média de todos os metais analisados nas amostras estava dentro dos limites toleráveis. Entretanto, foram observadas concentrações minerais diferenciadas entre as regiões estudadas. Desta forma, a erva-mate pode ser recomendada na utilização diária, podendo suprir necessidades básicas de ingestão desses metais essenciais sem o risco de problemas causados por elementos tóxicos.

  6. Yerba mate enhances probiotic bacteria growth in vitro but as a feed additive does not reduce Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in vivo.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gonzalez-Gil, Francisco; Diaz-Sanchez, Sandra; Pendleton, Sean; Andino, Ana; Zhang, Nan; Yard, Carrie; Crilly, Nate; Harte, Federico; Hanning, Irene

    2014-02-01

    Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a tea known to have beneficial effects on human health and antimicrobial activity against some foodborne pathogens. Thus, the application of yerba mate as a feed additive for broiler chickens to reduce Salmonella colonization was evaluated. The first in vitro evaluation was conducted by suspending Salmonella Enteritidis and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in yerba mate extract. The in vivo evaluations were conducted using preventative and horizontal transmission experiments. In all experiments, day-of-hatch chicks were treated with one of the following 1) no treatment (control); 2) ground yerba mate in feed; 3) probiotic treatment (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Pediococcus; 9:1 administered once on day of hatch by gavage); or 4) both yerba mate and probiotic treatments. At d 3, all chicks were challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis (preventative experiment) or 5 of 20 chicks (horizontal transmission experiment). At d 10, all birds were euthanized, weighed, and cecal contents enumerated for Salmonella. For the in vitro evaluation, antimicrobial activity was observed against Salmonella and the same treatment enhanced growth of LAB. For in vivo evaluations, none of the yerba mate treatments significantly reduced Salmonella Enteritidis colonization, whereas the probiotic treatment significantly reduced Salmonella colonization in the horizontal transmission experiment. Yerba mate decreased chicken BW and decreased the performance of the probiotic treatment when used in combination. In conclusion, yerba mate had antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens and enhanced the growth of LAB in vitro, but in vivo yerba mate did not decrease Salmonella Enteritidis colonization.

  7. Diseño óptimo de un disipador de calor para luminaria LED mediante moderación modelación computacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Cahue Díaz

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se desarrolla una selección de materiales y simulación térmica en el diseño de disipadores de calor para sistemas de iluminación de estado sólido (SSL mejor conocidos como luminarias LEDs. Se desarrolló un modelo matemático con la capacidad de predecir el comportamiento térmico de la luminaria cuando se encuentra en operación. El modelo matemático fue resuelto mediante un software de distribución libre el cual permite resolver ecuaciones diferenciales mediante el método de elemento finito. Los resultados obtenidos en el modelo matemático planteado fueron validados con los resultados obtenidos mediante experimentación usando imágenes termográficas.

  8. Diferencias en la calciuria, estimada mediante el índice Ca/Cr en función del tipo de lactancia

    OpenAIRE

    Trigo López, Javier

    2015-01-01

    Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo transversal sobre el comportamiento de la calciuria, estimada mediante el índice calcio/creatinina (ICC), en lactantes menores de 6 meses, analizando su posible relación con el tipo de alimentación (leche de fórmula o leche materna). Los resultados se obtuvieron a partir de muestras de orina de 44 lactantes sanos en los que se recoge el tipo de lactancia. El grupo alimentado mediante leche de fórmula presentó un ICC medio expresado en mg/mg de 0,59, mien...

  9. Seasonal and species-specific response of VOC emissions by Mediterranean woody plant to elevated ozone concentrations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Llusia, J.; Penuelas, J. [Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (Spain). Unitat Ecofisiologia CSIC-CEAB-CREAF; Gimeno, R.S. [CIEMAT, Madrid (Spain). Ecotoxicologia de la Contaminacion Atmosferica

    2002-08-01

    Although certain factors controlling plant emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are reasonably well understood, the influence of elevated ozone concentrations as abiotic stress is mostly unknown. Therefore, we studied the effects of ozone concentrations on seasonal biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions by different Mediterranean plant species in open top chambers (OTC). Three ozone treatments were established: filtered air (F), non-filtered air (NF), and fumigated air (NF+) adding 40 nl l{sup -1} of ozone over NF. We studied the response of VOC emission in saplings of four Mediterranean woody plant species and subspecies: Ceratonia siliqua L., Olea europaea L., Quercus ilex spp. ilex L., and Quercus ilex spp. rotundifolia L. as representative of natural Mediterranean vegetation. No visible symptoms were detected on the leaves. No significant effect was found on net photosynthetic rates or stomatal conductance except for an increase in net photosynthetic rates in Quercus ilex ilex in spring and summer and an overall slight increase in Quercus ilex rotundifolia. Emissions of the total VOCs from Ceratonia siliqua in summer, and from Olea europaea and Quercus ilex rotundifolia in spring increased in ozone fumigated OTC in comparison with F or NF OTC. Decreased emissions were found in Quercus ilex rotundifolia in summer. There were no significant differences between ozone fumigation treatments for the other plant species and seasons. When considering particular VOCs, the results were also variable among species and time of the year. While {alpha}-pinene emissions decreased with ozone fumigation in Olea europaea, {alpha}-pinene and limonene emissions increased in Quercus ilex ilex. The responses of these particular VOCs did not always match the responses of total VOCs. In spite of this strong variability, when considering overall annual data for all species and seasons, there were increased net photosynthetic rates (37%) and limonene (95

  10. Seasonal and species-specific response of VOC emissions by Mediterranean woody plant to elevated ozone concentrations

    Science.gov (United States)

    Llusià, J.; Peñuelas, J.; Gimeno, B. S.

    Although certain factors controlling plant emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are reasonably well understood, the influence of elevated ozone concentrations as abiotic stress is mostly unknown. Therefore, we studied the effects of ozone concentrations on seasonal biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions by different Mediterranean plant species in open top chambers (OTC). Three ozone treatments were established: filtered air (F), non-filtered air (NF), and fumigated air (NF+) adding 40 nl l -1 of ozone over NF. We studied the response of VOC emission in saplings of four Mediterranean woody plant species and subspecies: Ceratonia siliqua L., Olea europaea L., Quercus ilex spp. ilex L., and Quercus ilex spp. rotundifolia L. as representative of natural Mediterranean vegetation. No visible symptoms were detected on the leaves. No significant effect was found on net photosynthetic rates or stomatal conductance except for an increase in net photosynthetic rates in Quercus ilex ilex in spring and summer and an overall slight increase in Quercus ilex rotundifolia. Emissions of the total VOCs from Ceratonia siliqua in summer, and from Olea europaea and Quercus ilex rotundifolia in spring increased in ozone fumigated OTC in comparison with F or NF OTC. Decreased emissions were found in Quercus ilex rotundifolia in summer. There were no significant differences between ozone fumigation treatments for the other plant species and seasons. When considering particular VOCs, the results were also variable among species and time of the year. While α-pinene emissions decreased with ozone fumigation in Olea europaea, α-pinene and limonene emissions increased in Quercus ilex ilex. The responses of these particular VOCs did not always match the responses of total VOCs. In spite of this strong variability, when considering overall annual data for all species and seasons, there were increased net photosynthetic rates (37%) and limonene (95%) and total VOC (45

  11. Non-preference of the red mite Oligonychus yothersi McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae for oviposition on leaves of Paraguay tea progenies (Ilex paraguariensis/ Não-preferência do ácaro-vermelho, Oligonychus yothersi McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae, para oviposição em folhas de progênies de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Djair Vendramim

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available The oviposition preference of the red mite Oligonychus yothersi McGregor was evaluated under laboratory in 52 Paraguay tea progenies and one control collected in a local farm. The experiments were conducted on Paraguay tea leaf discs infested with one adult female mite/disc, incubated in a climate chamber (25±1ºC, 14h photophase for five days. Evaluations were performed daily, by counting the number of eggs laid in the period, the number of female escapes in the first 48 hours, as well as the number of eggs laid before the escaping. It was verified that discrimination by the mite occurred on two groups of progenies, in relation to the number of eggs: one group was different from the control (53.8% of the progenies and the other was identical to it (46.2% of the progenies. In the first group, 60.7% of progenies were less oviposited while a higher number of eggs/female than the control was verified in 39.3% of them. In 57.7% of progenies there was escape of some mites (10 to 40%, and in 10 of these progenies no eggs were laid. The data provide evidences that in some of the progenies evaluated there is resistance by non-preference to oviposition of the Paraguay tea red mite.A preferência para oviposição do ácaro-vermelho, Oligonychus yothersi McGregor, foi avaliada em condições de laboratório em 52 progênies de erva-mate e uma testemunha coletada em uma propriedade da região. Os experimentos foram realizados em discos foliares de erva-mate (2 cm de diâmetro, infestados com uma fêmea adulta do ácaro, e incubados a 25±1ºC e 14h de fotofase, durante cinco dias. As avaliações foram realizadas diariamente, contando-se o número de ovos depositados no período, número de fêmeas que fugiram nas primeiras 48 horas e número de ovos depositados antes da fuga. Verificou-se que houve discriminação do ácaro em dois grupos de progênies, em relação ao número de ovos, um que diferiu em relação à testemunha (53,8% de progênies e outro que se igualou à mesma (46,2% das progênies. No primeiro grupo, houve menor oviposição em 60,7% das progênies, enquanto que em cerca de 39,3% ocorreu maior oviposição (média de 3,1 ovos/fêmea. Em 57,7% das progênies houve fuga das fêmeas (10 a 40%, sendo que em 10 dessas progênies não ocorreu oviposição antes da fuga. Os dados indicam que em algumas das progênies de erva-mate testadas há resistência por não-preferência para oviposição ao ácaro-vermelho.

  12. Seguimiento de trayectorias tridimensionales de un quadrotor mediante control PVA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia Estellés Martínez

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Este trabajo presenta el modelado de un quadrotor como un sistema multicuerpo llevado a cabo mediante el software Vehicle- Sim, en el que los diferentes componentes del sistema son descritos mediante una estructura paterno-filial señalando las restricciones físicas entre ellos. Los modelos estructural y aerodinámico han sido desarrollados mediante este software, ampliamente utilizado en la simulación del comportamiento dinámico de vehículos.Sobre el modelo resultante se he desarrollado un algoritmo de control basado en la metodologia PVA con la finalidad de obtener un seguimiento de trayectoria mediante acciones de control suaves. Empleando la metodología convencional de control PVA no es posible estabilizar el vehículo en todos los rangos de posicionamiento lateral (y y longitudinal (x. En este artículo los autores muestran como esta limitación en el diseño de una estrategia de control PVA convencional es solventada con una modificación consistente en sustituir los parámetros constantes del PVA clásico por funciones dependientes del desplazamiento.El sistema de control es implementado para adecuarse a los requerimientos de las actuaciones y se diseña sobre la plataforma de simulación multidominio Simulink. Con la finalidad de obtener una importante mejora en la respuesta de posicionamiento, se im- plementa un generador de trayectorias continuas.Una vez que el modelo es desarrollado y el sistema de control implementado, los autores presentan el modelo matemático y los resultados de las simulaciones realizadas. Éstas validan el empleo tanto de la metodología de control PVA aplicada, como de la alimentación de trayectorias predefinidas, no sólo para la posición, sino también para la velocidad y aceleración. Abstract: In this work the authors present the modelling of a quadrotor as a multibody system carried out with the software VehicleSim, in which the different

  13. Do Quercus ilex woodlands undergo abrupt non-linear functional changes in response to human disturbance along a climatic gradient?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bochet, Esther; García-Fayos, Patricio; José Molina, Maria; Moreno de las Heras, Mariano; Espigares, Tíscar; Nicolau, Jose Manuel; Monleon, Vicente

    2017-04-01

    Theoretical models predict that drylands are particularly prone to suffer critical transitions with abrupt non-linear changes in their structure and functions as a result of the existing complex interactions between climatic fluctuations and human disturbances. However, so far, few studies provide empirical data to validate these models. We aim at determining how holm oak (Quercus ilex) woodlands undergo changes in their functions in response to human disturbance along an aridity gradient (from semi-arid to sub-humid conditions), in eastern Spain. For that purpose, we used (a) remote-sensing estimations of precipitation-use-efficiency (PUE) from enhanced vegetation index (EVI) observations performed in 231x231 m plots of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); (b) biological and chemical soil parameter determinations (extracellular soil enzyme activity, soil respiration, nutrient cycling processes) from soil sampled in the same plots; (c) vegetation parameter determinations (ratio of functional groups) from vegetation surveys performed in the same plots. We analyzed and compared the shape of the functional change (in terms of PUE and soil and vegetation parameters) in response to human disturbance intensity for our holm oak sites along the aridity gradient. Overall, our results evidenced important differences in the shape of the functional change in response to human disturbance between climatic conditions. Semi-arid areas experienced a more accelerated non-linear decrease with an increasing disturbance intensity than sub-humid ones. The proportion of functional groups (herbaceous vs. woody cover) played a relevant role in the shape of the functional response of the holm oak sites to human disturbance.

  14. SÍNTESIS DE ÓXIDOS TIPO PEROVSKITA MEDIANTE POLIMERIZACIÓN CON ÁCIDO CÍTRICO Y PROPIÓNICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jairo Gómez Cuaspud

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se describe la preparación de la perovskita La0,75Sr0,25Co0,5Fe0,5O3 (LaSrCoFeO, empleando una ruta de química húmeda, mediante la polimerización con ácido cítrico y propiónico, con el propósito de obtener materiales para potenciales aplicaciones como membranas de purificación de oxígeno y como materiales electródicos en celdas de combustible de óxido sólido (SOFC. Para ello, los sólidos se caracterizaron mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX y microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM, con lo que se obtuvo información sobre la formación y pureza de fases, la morfología, la estructura y las propiedades superficiales de cada sistema, indicando que es posible obtener sólidos con una distribución de grano homogéneo, textura y relieve característicos, en cuyo contexto el método que involucra la polimerización con ácido cítrico mostró los mejores resultados. La composición global se determinó mediante microanálisis de rayos X de energía dispersiva (EDX, y se señaló una buena concordancia entre las composiciones propuestas y obtenidas. La caracterización realizada sugiere la presencia de pequeñas cantidades de carbono y algunos óxidos de lantano, estroncio y cobalto como principales contaminantes, específicamente en la muestra obtenida mediante la polimerización con ácido propiónico.

  15. Procedimiento para la discriminación y mapeo de los rodales de nerdo en cultivos de girasol mediante teledetección

    OpenAIRE

    López Granados, Francisca; García Torres, Luis; Peña Barragán, José Manuel; Jurado-Expósito, Montserrat

    2006-01-01

    Procedimiento para la discriminación y mapeo de los rodales de nerdo en cultivos de girasol mediante teledetección. Procedimiento para mapear zonas infestadas de la mala hierba conocida como nerdo (Ridolfia segetum Moris) en plantaciones de girasol mediante teledetección. Tiene aplicación en Agricultura, y más concretamente en Empresas de Asistencia Técnica Agraria o Medioambiental, o en Auditorias Agroambientales Públicas o Privadas. Principalmente consiste en el anál...

  16. Seasonal dynamics of secondary growth and xylem anatomy in two coexisting Mediterranean Quercus; Dinamica estacional del crecimiento secundario y anatomia del xilema en dos Quercus mediterraneos que coexisten

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Albuixech, J.; Camarero, J. J.; Montserrat-Marti, G.

    2012-11-01

    The contribution of secondary growth's patterns and wood anatomy on the coexistence of two species of Quercus (Quercus ilex subsp ballota diffused porous wood and Quercus faginea ring porous wood) were studied in a location with continental Mediterranean climate, which has been studied during two years with contrasted climatology. According to our results secondary growth pattern of Q. faginea is concentrated in the spring, starting before, and responding more than Q. ilex to a rainfall increase during this period. Q. ilex extends wood formation into the fall and late summer growth. Q. ilex growth during the fall and late summer has a greater importance in terms of theoretical hydraulic conductivity than in Q. faginea, which concentrates hydraulic conductivity in spring vessels. Therefore, different response of wood phenology formation and xylem anatomy in both species to the seasonal pattern of precipitation could contribute to explain the coexistence of Q. ilex and Q. faginea. (Author) 48 refs.

  17. Principios básicos y aplicación del aprendizaje mediante tareas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Estaire, Sheila

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available En los últimos años el aprendizaje mediante tareas ha ido consolidándose como una nueva forma de enseñar y aprender lenguas extranjeras. Sin embargo existen una serie de aspectos prácticos relacionados con su aplicación en los que aún se puede profundizar. En este artículo, después de una introducción breve de algunos principios básicos, se discuten posibles procedimientos para determinar las tareas que constituyen el eje de un programa, así como para organizar el proceso de enseñanza / aprendizaje. A continuación se presentan diferentes modalidades de trabajo sobre los aspectos formales de la lengua, aspectos que es esencial tratar de forma rigurosa, minuciosa y sistemática. Este punto crucial se discute junto con una propuesta de estructura de curso que consta de dos componentes diferenciados. Por otra parte, los elementos innovadores del aprendizaje mediante tareas hacen imprescindible una gestión del aprendizaje también innovadora, aspecto que se trata en el último apartado a través de pautas metodológicas que potencian la eficacia de las tareas como instrumento de aprendizaje.

  18. Pronósticos de inflación mediante técnicas bayesianas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Diego Chavarría

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available La efectividad de la política monetaria bajo un esquema de metas de inflación como el propuesto por el Banco Central de Costa Rica se basa en buena medida en el correcto y oportuno pronóstico de la inflación a corto y mediano plazo con el fin de diseñar de mejor forma las acciones de política monetaria. Así, el propósito de este trabajo es desarrollar una herramienta complementaria para elaborar pronósticos de inflación mediante un enfoque bayesiano. Para lo anterior se propone la utilización de la metodología Bayesian Model Averaging y de Weighted Average Least Squares. Los modelos de proyección especificados permitirían ampliar y complementar el análisis que se realiza actualmente con el Modelo Macroeconómico de Proyección Trimestral (MMPT del Banco Central de Costa Rica. Como resultado esta investigación muestra que, para datos de periodicidad mensual y a horizontes de pronóstico de 1 a 12 meses, es posible encontrar proyecciones mediante un proceso bayesiano que poseen una mayor capacidad predictiva en relación con aquellas producidas por un modelo autorregresivo.

  19. Estudio comparativo del comportamiento de losas de concreto reforzado mediante los análisis elástico y límite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio Vergara García

    1989-01-01

    Full Text Available Presenta un resumen de la tesis de grado "Estudio comparativo de losas de concreto reforzado mediante los análisis elástico y límite". Este trabajo proporciona fórmulas, tablas y gráficas prácticas para determinar los momentos flectores y el volumen de refuerzo de los tipos de losas estudiados, sometidas a diferentes tipos de carga y analizados mediante la Teoría de la Elasticidad y el Análisis Límite.

  20. Síntesis de nitruro de titanio mediante láser y energía solar concentrada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García, I.

    1998-04-01

    Full Text Available The possibility of the employment of solar energy concentrated by Fresnel lens is investigated in order to synthesize materials by gas-solid reaction. These first results are compared by two similar techniques as high power laser and xenon are lamp. The TiN coatings obtained with xenon are lamp and Fresnel lens are homogenous, without pores or defects, with a uniform thickness of about 6 μm for treatments of 2 min. The good quality of the TiN coating for all the testing conditions was confirmed by the x-ray diffraction measurements.

    Se presenta la utilización de la energía solar concentrada mediante lentes de Fresnel para la síntesis de materiales por reacción gas-sólido. Estos primeros resultados sobre nitruración superficial de titanio y aleaciones de titanio se comparan con los obtenidos con técnicas similares como el láser de alta potencia y la lámpara de descarga de xenón. Las capas de nitruro de titanio obtenidas mediante energía solar concentrada por lentes de Fresnel y lámpara de xenón son homogéneas, sin grietas ni defectos, y con un espesor uniforme de 6 μm en tiempos de sólo 2 min. La buena calidad de estas capas se confirma mediante difracción de rayos X.

  1. Multi-ingredients determination and fingerprint analysis of leaves from Ilex latifolia using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fan, Chunlin; Deng, Jiewei; Yang, Yunyun; Liu, Junshan; Wang, Ying; Zhang, Xiaoqi; Fai, Kuokchiu; Zhang, Qingwen; Ye, Wencai

    2013-10-01

    An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) method integrating multi-ingredients determination and fingerprint analysis has been established for quality assessment and control of leaves from Ilex latifolia. The method possesses the advantages of speediness, efficiency, accuracy, and allows the multi-ingredients determination and fingerprint analysis in one chromatographic run within 13min. Multi-ingredients determination was performed based on the extracted ion chromatograms of the exact pseudo-molecular ions (with a 0.01Da window), and fingerprint analysis was performed based on the base peak chromatograms, obtained by negative-ion electrospray ionization QTOF-MS. The method validation results demonstrated our developed method possessing desirable specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The method was utilized to analyze 22 I. latifolia samples from different origins. The quality assessment was achieved by using both similarity analysis (SA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and the results from SA were consistent with those from PCA. Our experimental results demonstrate that the strategy integrated multi-ingredients determination and fingerprint analysis using UPLC-QTOF-MS technique is a useful approach for rapid pharmaceutical analysis, with promising prospects for the differentiation of origin, the determination of authenticity, and the overall quality assessment of herbal medicines. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Monitorización de Signos Vitales Mediante una Red de Dispositivos Móviles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Cilio

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available El desarrollo e implementación de diferentes proyectos tecnológicos, apoyados en el correspondiente conocimiento médico, pueden contribuir a resolver varios problemas del sector de la salud. Si bien en los últimos años se han realizado enormes esfuerzos para desarrollar tecnologías aplicables en ambientes clínicos, el desarrollo de tecnologías para atención médica domiciliar podría reducir la presión que agobia a los hospitales actualmente. En el presente proyecto se realiza el diseño e implementación de un sistema para monitorización de signos vitales, el cual mide la frecuencia cardiaca, la oxigenación sanguínea y la temperatura corporal de una persona. La información obtenida de cada signo vital es muestreada y procesada por una plataforma digital para posteriormente ser enviada mediante un módulo Bluetooth hacia un dispositivo móvil para su análisis y visualización. El prototipo fue evaluado mediante una batería de pruebas para medición de signos vitales en diferentes pacientes.

  3. Ana?lisis cinemático de la marcha en pacientes con pie zambo tratados mediante el me?todo de Ponseti frente a la te?cnica quiru?rgica de liberacio?n posterior

    OpenAIRE

    Ferrando, A.; Salom Taverner, M.; Page, A.

    2018-01-01

    El objetivo principal de este proyecto consiste en valorar la evolución de la marcha en niños en edad preadolescente tratados mediante el método de Ponseti frente a los tratados mediante liberación posterior a partir de técnicas de valoración de la marcha mediante análisis biomecánico. Material y Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles aprobado por el comité de ética. Grupo 1: 28 niños (39 pies) tratados mediante liberación posterior. Grupo 2: 18 pacientes (31 pies) tratados median...

  4. How drought severity constrains GPP and its partitioning among carbon pools in a Quercus ilex coppice?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rambal, S.; Lempereur, M.; Limousin, J. M.; Martin-StPaul, N. K.; Ourcival, J. M.; Rodríguez-Calcerrada, J.

    2014-06-01

    The partitioning of photosynthates toward biomass compartments has a crucial role in the carbon sink function of forests. Few studies have examined how carbon is allocated toward plant compartments in drought prone forests. We analyzed the fate of GPP in relation to yearly water deficit in an old evergreen Mediterranean Quercus ilex coppice severely affected by water limitations. Gross and net carbon fluxes between the ecosystem and the atmosphere were measured with an eddy-covariance flux tower running continuously since 2001. Discrete measurements of litterfall, stem growth and fAPAR allowed us to derive annual productions of leaves, wood, flowers and acorns and an isometric relationship between stem and belowground biomass has been used to estimate perennial belowground growth. By combining eddy-covariance fluxes with annual productions we managed to close a C budget and derive values of autotrophic and heterotrophic respirations, NPP and carbon use efficiency (CUE, the ratio between NPP and GPP). Average values of yearly NEP, GPP and Reco were 282, 1259 and 977 g C m-2. The corresponding ANPP components were 142.5, 26.4 and 69.6 g C m-2 for leaves, reproductive effort (flowers and fruits) and stems. Gross and net carbon exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere were affected by annual water deficit. Partitioning to the different plant compartments was also impacted by drought, with a hierarchy of responses going from the most affected, the stem growth, to the least affected, the leaf production. The average CUE was 0.40, which is well in the range for Mediterranean-type forest ecosystems. CUE tended to decrease more slightly in response to drought than GPP and NPP, probably due to drought-acclimation of autotrophic respiration. Overall, our results provide a baseline for modeling the inter-annual variations of carbon fluxes and allocation in this widespread Mediterranean ecosystem and highlight the value of maintaining continuous experimental

  5. Caracterización espacial de PM10 en la ciudad de Medellín mediante modelos geoestadísticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Libardo Antonio Londoño Ciro

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un modelo geoestadístico para caracterizar espacialmente el comportamiento del contaminante PM10 en la ciudad de Medellín Colombia. Los datos se han tomado de nueve sitios de monitoreo en valor promedio mensual (µg/m3 durante el periodo enero 2003 a diciembre 2007. Se evaluaron diferentes modelos mediante pruebas de validación cruzada. El mejor modelo es el j-bessel. Se calculan los parámetros del modelo mediante pruebas ANOVA para agrupaciones trimestrales. Con Kriging ordinario y sistemas de información geográfica, se obtienen mapas de caracterización espacial del contaminante.

  6. Protocolo de comunicación trabajador-robot mediante imágenes

    OpenAIRE

    Castilla Berduque, José Angel

    2015-01-01

    La idea del proyecto viene del concepto de “fábricas del futuro”, donde las barreras entre robots y humanos se rompen para que la colaboración entre ambos sea como en un equipo. Para la realización de este proyecto se ha utilizado el brazo robótico IRB120 de la marca ABB de 6 Grados de libertad, Matlab y el software Robot Studio. El Objetivo principal de este proyecto es establecer el protocolo de comunicación trabajador-robot mediante imágenes. El trabajador debería poder ...

  7. Monitorización de un lecho fluidizado mediante acelerometría

    OpenAIRE

    Velasco Fernández, Mario

    2013-01-01

    El presente proyecto estudiará la posibilidad de monitorizar un reactor químico mediante sensores de vibración. Actualmente, no se realiza este tipo de monitorización sobre reactores químicos, y los estudios realizados al respecto son escasos. Se tratarán de establecer las posibles equivalencias entre las medidas realizadas con sensores de presión y de vibración. Para ello se realizará la monitorización de un modelo de reactor a escala, del laboratorio de la Universidad, utilizand...

  8. Estabilización de Suelos mediante el empleo de Sales Cuaternarias

    OpenAIRE

    Juan M. Junco del Pino

    2010-01-01

    El Mundo se dirige hacia el aprovechamiento de los Suelos mediante el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas y adaptarse a las condiciones del entorno resulta importante para la Ingeniería. El mejoramiento de los suelos abre nuevas posibilidades de ahorro que pueden llegar de 20 a 45 % respecto a los costos de construcción convencional. La Estabilización Química de Suelos consiste en el empleo de sustancias químicas con el objetivo de modificar las propiedades del suelo para hacerlo más denso o increm...

  9. Tratamiento de un efluente textil mediante electrooxidación-Salix babylonica

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez Sánchez, Hilda Alejandra

    2016-01-01

    A nivel mundial, la industria textil es considerada una de las principales fuentes de descarga que afectan la calidad del agua debido al gran volumen que emplea en sus procesos y al uso de una amplia gama de colorantes sintéticos. En esta investigación se evaluó el tratamiento de un agua residual textil mediante un sistema acoplado de electrooxidación-Salix babylonica usando electrodos DDB. En el estudio, se construyó una celda electroquímica en batch, utilizando 5 electrodos paralelos vertic...

  10. Lqr Robusto Mediante Incertidumbre Acotada En Los Datos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C. Ramos

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se presenta el sintonizado del Regulador Lineal Cuadrático (LQR mediante la técnica de incertidumbre acotada en los datos o Bounded Data Uncertainties (BDU con el fin de mejorar la robustez del sistema, planteándose como un Min-Max donde se busca la mejor solución en el peor escenario posible. Así se ofrece un nuevo método guiado de ajuste del LQR, considerando los límites de la incertidumbre. La aplicación a sistemas multidimensionales no es trivial, pues presenta la forma de un Two-Point Boundary Value Problem (TPBVP, el cual se resuelve iterativamente. : Técnicas Minimax, Regularización, Método de Control LQR, Robustez, Incertidumbre, Ecuaciones Matriciales de Riccati, Problema de Valor Límite, Sistemas Multidimensionales

  11. Application of point-process statistical tools to stable isotopes in xylem water for the study of inter- and intra-specific interactions in water uptake patterns in a mixed stand of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Quercus ilex L.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Comas, Carles; del Castillo, Jorge; Voltas, Jordi; Ferrio, Juan Pedro

    2013-04-01

    The stable isotope composition of xylem water reflects has been used to assess inter-specific differences in uptake patterns, revealing synergistic and competition processes in the use of water resources (see e.g. Dawson et al. 1993). However, there is a lack of detailed studies on spatial and temporal variability of inter- and intra-specific competition within forest stands. In this context, the aim of this work was to compare the isotope composition of xylem water (δ18O , δ2H) in two common Mediterranean tree species, Quercus ilex L. and Pinus halepensis Mill, in order to understand their water uptake patterns throughout the growing season. In addition, we analyze the spatial variability of xylem water, to get insight into inter-specific strategies employed to cope with drought and the interaction between the individuals. Our first hypothesis was that both species used different strategies to cope with drought by uptaking water at different depths; and our second hypothesis was that individual trees would behave in different manner according to the distance to their neighbours as well as to whether the neighbour is from one species or the other. The study was performed in a mixed stand where both species are nearly co-dominant, adding up to a total of 33 oaks and 77 pines (plot area= 893 m2). We sampled sun-exposed branches of each tree six times over the growing season, and extracted the xylem water with a cryogenic trap. The isotopic composition of the water was determined using a Picarro Water Analizer L2130-i. Tree mapping for spatial analysis was done using a high resolution GPS technology (Trimble GeoExplorer 6000). For the spatial analysis, we used the pair-correlation function to study intra-specific tree configuration and the bivariate pair correlation function to analyse the inter-specific spatial configurations (Stoyan et al 1995). Moreover, the isotopic composition of xylem water was assumed to be a mark associated to each tree and analysed as a

  12. Protective effect of yerba mate intake on the cardiovascular system: a post hoc analysis study in postmenopausal women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    da Veiga, D T A; Bringhenti, R; Copes, R; Tatsch, E; Moresco, R N; Comim, F V; Premaor, M O

    2018-01-01

    The prevalence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is increased in postmenopausal women, which contributes to the burden of illnesses in this period of life. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a native bush from Southern South America. Its leaves are rich in phenolic components, which may have antioxidant, vasodilating, hypocholesterolemic, and hypoglycemic proprieties. This post hoc analysis of the case-control study nested in the Obesity and Bone Fracture Cohort evaluated the consumption of yerba mate and the prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary diseases in postmenopausal women. Ninety-five postmenopausal women were included in this analysis. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate the risk factors and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and consumption of yerba mate infusion. Student's t-test and chi-square test were used to assess significant differences between groups. The group that consumed more than 1 L/day of mate infusion had significantly fewer diagnoses of coronary disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension (P<0.049, P<0.048, and P<0.016, respectively). Furthermore, the serum levels of glucose were lower in the group with a higher consumption of yerba mate infusion (P<0.013). The serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were similar between the groups. This pragmatic study points out the benefits of yerba mate consumption for the cardiovascular and metabolic systems. The ingestion of more than 1 L/day of mate infusion was associated with fewer self-reported cardiovascular diseases and lower serum levels of glucose. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the association between yerba mate infusion and reduction of cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women.

  13. Encapsulación de moléculas pequeñas mediante la precipitación salina de poliuretanos catioméricos

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández d’Arlas, Borja; Corcuera, María Ángeles; Eceiza, Arantxa

    2015-01-01

    En este trabajo se estudia un copolímero de poliuretano catiomérico (PU) con alta proporción de uretano como agente encapsulante de fármacos modelos (FM) mediante la encapsulación inducida por precipitación salina del PU y FM a pH < pI del PU. Mediante espectroscopia UV-Vis se ha estimado el porcentaje de encapsulación de varios FMs proponiéndose un modelo semi-empírico para determinar la distribución observada en las eficiencias de encapsulación, E, en función de su volumen molar...

  14. Ahorro energético mediante estrategias de iluminación natural optimizadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Puigdomènech Franquesa, Joan

    1986-04-01

    Full Text Available Electrical charges in buildings and specially in those of commercial use, can be diminished by means of natural lighting strategies. Taking the climate features of our country into consideration, it is necessary to prevent the inconveniences caused by an en erg y excess in summer, so solar Controls are needed. The only practical way to achieve the suitable balance between thermal and light needs, so as to get a monthly or annual energetic balance optimization, is to operate with the computer. A programme with such characteristics is described here. Its application gives important sarings in non renouvable energy savings.Mediante estrategias de iluminación natural es posible disminuir las cargas eléctricas de los edificios y en especial los de uso comercial. Dadas las características climáticas de nuestro país es necesario prever los inconvenientes de un exceso de energía en verano, para lo cual es preciso disponer de controles solares. Encontrar el correcto equilibrio entre las necesidades térmicas y lumínicas en base a la optimización del balance energético mensual o anual es únicamente factible mediante el uso del ordenador. Un programa que responde a estas características es descrito en el presente trabajo, obteniéndose con su aplicación importantes ahorros en el consumo de energías no renovables.

  15. Control de la mano robot Inmoov-SR mediante casco NeuroSky Mindset

    OpenAIRE

    Hernández Martínez, Antonio

    2017-01-01

    En este trabajo el objetivo es conseguir controlar los movimientos de apertura y cierre de la mano robot InMoov-SR conectada al brazo IRB120 de ABB mediante señales EEG, recogidas por medio del casco NeuroSky Mindset. Las señales son recogidas cuando el sujeto está en estado basal y cuando realiza movimiento con su mano y son procesadas con la ayuda de Matlab para de esta manera conseguir establecer las señales de control necesarias para activar la apertura o el cierre de la mano. Final...

  16. Water-use strategies in two co-occurring Mediterranean evergreen oaks: surviving the summer drought.

    Science.gov (United States)

    David, T S; Henriques, M O; Kurz-Besson, C; Nunes, J; Valente, F; Vaz, M; Pereira, J S; Siegwolf, R; Chaves, M M; Gazarini, L C; David, J S

    2007-06-01

    In the Mediterranean evergreen oak woodlands of southern Portugal, the main tree species are Quercus ilex ssp. rotundifolia Lam. (holm oak) and Quercus suber L. (cork oak). We studied a savannah-type woodland where these species coexist, with the aim of better understanding the mechanisms of tree adaptation to seasonal drought. In both species, seasonal variations in transpiration and predawn leaf water potential showed a maximum in spring followed by a decline through the rainless summer and a recovery with autumn rainfall. Although the observed decrease in predawn leaf water potential in summer indicates soil water depletion, trees maintained transpiration rates above 0.7 mm day(-1) during the summer drought. By that time, more than 70% of the transpired water was being taken from groundwater sources. The daily fluctuations in soil water content suggest that some root uptake of groundwater was mediated through the upper soil layers by hydraulic lift. During the dry season, Q. ilex maintained higher predawn leaf water potentials, canopy conductances and transpiration rates than Q. suber. The higher water status of Q. ilex was likely associated with their deeper root systems compared with Q. suber. Whole-tree hydraulic conductance and minimum midday leaf water potential were lower in Q. ilex, indicating that Q. ilex was more tolerant to drought than Q. suber. Overall, Q. ilex seemed to have more effective drought avoidance and drought tolerance mechanisms than Q. suber.

  17. Mercury Distribution and Seasonal and Inter annual Variation of Mercury in Oak (Quercus ilex L.) in Almadenejos (Ciudad Real, Spain); Distribucion y Variacion Estacional e Interanual de Mercurio en La Encina (Quercus ilex L.) en el Municipio de Almadenejos (Ciudad Real)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rodriguez-Alonso, J.; Sierra, M. J.; Millan, R.

    2014-10-01

    Plants that are exposed to environmental pollutants are able to accumulate them in their organs depending on plant species, type of organ or age among others. Evergreen plants can hold stems and leaves of the different age over the same branch. Thus, the amount of contaminants of these former organs could vary with its age because the contamination exposure time is different. The aim of this study is to know in a tree species, the mercury (Hg) distribution in it and the variation of Hg concentration in leaves and stems between consecutive years and along the same year. In order to carry this objective out, three different trees of Quercus ilex L. were selected and two branches were taken from each of them. Such trees are located in Almadenejos, a village from the Almaden mining district (Ciudad Real, Spain), an area well known due to the developed Hg mining activities for centuries. Considering each branch and each year, on average the results show that leaves had higher Hg concentration than stems. Furthermore, the lowest Hg concentration was measured in fruit (acorn). With regard to ageing effect on Hg concentration and taking into account each branch separately, the results show that the older leaves had higher Hg concentration than younger ones. Nevertheless, the oldest stems had not always higher Hg concentration than youngest ones. A seasonal variation in Hg content appeared both in leaves and in stems in 2010, increasing in 6.2 times on average, in about six months. This result suggests that this kind of organs should be analyzed in winter months. Finally, the results show a very high positive correlation between the Hg of the bark and the Hg of the wood in the sampled branches. Such result suggests that if bark is sampled and its Hg content is analyzed, we could know the Hg content in the big branches or in the trunk, avoiding the cutting of the branches or the whole tree. (Author)

  18. La participación de los trabajadores en el capital social mediante operaciones de asistencia financiera. Especial referencia al art. 81.2 LSA

    OpenAIRE

    Nieto Rojas, Patricia

    2007-01-01

    La integración de los trabajadores en el capital social puede ser instrumentada mediante diferentes vías: distribución gratuita de acciones, entrega de opciones sobre acciones o mediante la asistencia financiera para la adquisición de acciones; el objetivo del presente artículo es analizar las implicaciones laborales de este último mecanismo previsto en el artículo 81.2 LSA que exceptúa de la prohibición general de asistencia financiera a los negocios dirigidos a facilitar la adquisición de a...

  19. Películas orgánicas delgadas preparadas mediante diversos métodos: propiedades ópticas, morfológicas y eléctricas

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez-Morales, M.

    2005-01-01

    En la presente Memoria se estudia la organización molecular de compuestos orgánicos, tales como derivados de porfirinas y C60, en películas de Langmuir formadas en la interfase aire-agua. Asimismo, se han depositado películas de derivados de porfirina sobre electrodos ITO mediante métodos electroquímicos. Por último, se han estudiado las propiedades fluorescentes de películas de porfirina preparadas mediante diversos métodos, para su posterior aplicación a la preparación de dispositivos elect...

  20. Estudio de la recuperación de cromo hexavalente mediante un reactor electroquímico de compartimentos separados por separadores cerámicos

    OpenAIRE

    REYES PINEDA, HENRY

    2011-01-01

    La Tesis Doctoral "Estudio de la recuperación de cromo hexavalente mediante un reactor electroquímico de compartimentos separados por separadores cerámicos" se centra en la posibilidad de recuperación del cromo hexavalente procedente de las disoluciones de mordentado de las industrias de metalizado de plásticos mediante la utilización de un reactor electroquímico de compartimentos separados por separadores cerámicos fabricados a diferente presión y diferente composición de almidón. Con la rec...

  1. Valoración nutricional mediante curvas de crecimiento de la OMS y las clasificaciones de Gómez / Waterlow. Estudio de prevalencia. Cuenca-2015

    OpenAIRE

    Chacón Abril, Karla Lorena; Segarra Ortega, José Xavier; Lasso Lazo, Rubén Santiago; Huiracocha Tutivén, María de Lourdes

    2016-01-01

    OBJETIVO:Determinar la prevalencia de malnutrición mediante las curvas de crecimiento (OMS) y de desnutrición según la clasificación Gómez/Waterlow; establecer ventajas y desventajas del empleo de ambos sistemas de clasificación.MÉTODOS:Estudio de prevalencia realizado en el Subcentro de Salud Sinincay, con una población de 737 niños/as registrados en la matriz de vigilancia alimentaria y nutricional (SIVAN) durante Enero-Junio 2015, que identificó la malnutrición infantil mediante el uso de ...

  2. Superficie específica de una bentonita mediante la adsorción de azul de metileno

    OpenAIRE

    Pinzón Bello, Jorge Alejo

    2010-01-01

    Se estudió la determinación de la superficie específica de una bentonita colombiana, procedente del Valle del Cauca, mediante la adsorción de azul de metileno, a 298 K. Este método se comparó con el de la adsorción de nitrógeno a 77 K.

  3. Control mediante modos deslizantes en tiempo discreto para el seguimiento de trayectorias de un robot móvil1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    P.A. Niño-Suárez

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se presenta una estrategia de control en tiempo discreto para el seguimiento de trayectorias de un robot móvil tipo (2,0 controlado remotamente. La estrategia de control se desarrolló mediante un enfoque de modos deslizantes, considerando el modelo discreto exacto del vehículo en el cual se incluyen los efectos del retardo de transporte causado por la propagación de las señales sobre una red de comunicación. El esquema de control garantiza el seguimiento de trayectorias predeterminadas obteniéndose convergencia asintótica de los errores de seguimiento. La estrategia propuesta es evaluada mediante una serie de resultados por simulación. Palabras clave: Robot móvil, retardos de transporte, control en tiempo discreto, modos deslizantes

  4. Manejo sostenible y sustentable de fincas productoras mediante procesos participativos en Sáchica, Boyacá

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ángel Eduardo Ramírez-Amaya

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Elaborar un proyecto de desarrollo sostenible y sustentable de fincas productoras mediante procesos participativos en el municipio de Sáchica, Boyacá. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó con familias campesinas de la vereda Arrayán Alto, del municipio de Sáchica, Boyacá, mediante la metodología Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP, que se centra en la participación de las comunidades para elaborar propuestas concertadas con ellas. El trabajo se desarrolló en varias fases, que incluyeron un diagnóstico socioeconómico de las familias, capacitaciones y concientización en temas relacionados con la agricultura ecológica y de granjas integrales. Resultados. Se elaboró un plan de trabajo que permitió la construcción de un documento final que ha servido para el apoyo logístico o económico de las entidades gubernamentales locales para la instalación y plantación técnica del cultivo de gulupa con familias de la vereda Arrayán Alto.

  5. EL APRENDIZAJE DE LOS CONCEPTOS DE FUERZAS INTERMOLECULARES E INTRAMOLECULARES MEDIANTE LA MODELIZACIÓN DIDÁCTICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CHRISTIAN FERNNEY GIRALDO MACÍAS

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available La modelización está siendo usada para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en las Ciencias Naturales en diferentes contextos y para atender a diferentes problemáticas. En este caso será utilizada para explorar y analizar la relevancia que puede tener su uso en el aprendizaje de los conceptos Fuerzas Intramoleculares e Intermolecualres, partiendo de la aplicación de una serie de actividades basadas en el Ciclo Didáctico (Jorba y Sanmartí, 1996. Los datos se discuten mediante tres aspectos principales: las ideas previas de los estudiantes, el trabajo con nuevo material (nuevos conceptos, experimentos sencillos y uso de herramientas informáticas y los argumentos finales, mediante el uso de situaciones problemas. Los resultados muestran, como los estudiantes (14 y 16 años de edad evidencian un progreso conceptual al argumentar con mayor claridad las situaciones problema abordadas en el transcurso del trabajo y en la construcción de modelos más cercanos al campo científico.

  6. KC-46A Third Main Operating Base (MOB 3) Beddown Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2017-04-01

    and a multi-level parking garage. Plans also envision a high-energy dining, retail and entertainment district with an eight-screen cinema , bowling...gigantea ssp. tecta possumhaw Ilex decidua yaupon Ilex vomitoria Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica wax myrtle Morella cerifera saw greenbrier

  7. Aplicación de técnicas de electrodeposición mediante pulsos de corriente para la obtención de recubrimientos metálicos

    OpenAIRE

    Imaz Molina, Naroa

    2013-01-01

    En la presente tesis doctoral se han aplicado herramientas quimiométricas en el estudio y optimización de los parámetros implicados en la electrodeposición de metales y aleaciones mediante pulsos de corriente, centrando el trabajo en dos procesos determinados: • Cromo duro: con objeto de mejorar la funcionalidad y durabilidad de estos recubrimientos tan extendidos industrialmente, se ha investigado el efecto de la electrodeposición mediante pulsos de corriente...

  8. Atenuación de la asimetría y de la curtosis de las puntuaciones observadas mediante transformaciones de variables: Incidencia sobre la estructura factorial

    OpenAIRE

    Miguel Ángel Ruiz Díaz; María Noel Rodríguez Ayán

    2008-01-01

    En este trabajo se evalúa la incidencia de la atenuación, mediante transformaciones de variables, del sesgo y de la curtosis de las puntuaciones observadas, sobre la estructura factorial, estimada mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Los datos proceden de una escala de opinión estudiantil para la evaluación de profesores universitarios, de 16 ítems medidos en escala Likert. Las distribuciones observadas no se aproximan a la normalidad, por lo que ...

  9. Superficie específica de una bentonita mediante la adsorción de azul de metileno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Alejo Pinzón Bello

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió la determinación de la superficie específica de una bentonita colombiana, procedente del Valle del Cauca, mediante la adsorción de azul de metileno, a 298 K. Este método se comparó con el de la adsorción de nitrógeno a 77 K.

  10. Different intra- and interspecific facilitation mechanisms between two Mediterranean trees under a climate change scenario.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gimeno, Teresa E; Escudero, Adrián; Valladares, Fernando

    2015-01-01

    In harsh environments facilitation alleviates biotic and abiotic constraints on tree recruitment. Under ongoing drier climate change, we expect facilitation to increase as a driver of coexistence. However, this might not hold under extreme abiotic stress and when the outcome depends on the interaction with other drivers such as altered herbivore pressure due to land use change. We performed a field water-manipulation experiment to quantify the importance of facilitation in two coexisting Mediterranean trees (dominant Juniperus thurifera and coexisting Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) under a climate change scenario. Shifts in canopy dominance favouring Q. ilex could be based on the extension of heterospecific facilitation to the detriment of conspecific alleviation. We found that saplings of both species transplanted under the canopy of nurse trees had greater survival probability, growth and photochemical efficiency. Intra- and interspecific facilitation mechanisms differed: alleviation of abiotic stress benefited both species during summer and J. thurifera during winter, whereas browsing protection was relevant only for Q. ilex. Facilitation was greater under the dry treatment only for Q. ilex, which partially agreed with the predictions of the stress gradient hypothesis. We conclude that present rainfall availability limits neither J. thurifera nor Q. ilex establishment. Nevertheless, under current global change scenarios, imposing increasing abiotic stress together with altered herbivore browsing, nurse trees could differentially facilitate the establishment of Q. ilex due to species-specific traits, i.e. palatability; drought, heat and cold tolerance, underlying species differences in the facilitation mechanisms and eventually triggering a change from pure juniper woodlands to mixed formations.

  11. La creación de nuevas reglas técnicas en el IGBM mediante la Programación Genética

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Fernández Rodríguez

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo analizamos la capacidad de generar beneficios de reglas técnicas creadas mediante la programación genética en el Índice General de la Bolsa de Madrid . Esta nueva técnica, que no es mas que una expansión de los algoritmos genéticos, permite generar nuevas reglas de contratación en bolsa mediante procedimientos de optimización basados en la selección natural darwiniana. Se comparará los rendimientos obtenidos con la sencilla estrategia de comprar y mantener así como con las reglas basadas en medias móviles más comúnmente usadas en los mercados.

  12. Recubrimientos metálicos sobre alúmina mediante procesos de reducción autocatalítica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gómez de Salazar, J. M.

    2000-10-01

    Full Text Available In this work, a method for obtaining copper coating on alumina is described. One of the main applications for this coating is in the electronic industry, although it can be used as well as interlayer for dissimilar bonding between metals and alumina, both by solid state joining and by active brazing. The optimal activation conditions for the alumina using Ni salts and the influence of the surface preparation on the copper coating characteristic are described. The coating application is based on an autocatalithic reduction method. The influence of the deposition rate on the adherence of the copper coating has been studied as well. A kinetic study was carried out applying gravimetric and electrochemical methods. To obtaining coating with high adherence, it was necessary to apply heat treatments after the metallization process. The main objective of them was to achieve a chemical bond between the alumina substrate and the copper coating by formation of Al-Cu spinels, instead of the single mechanical bond.

    En el presente trabajo se describe un método de obtención de recubrimientos de cobre sobre un cerámico tenaz como es la alúmina. Una de sus principales aplicaciones se encuentra en la industria electrónica, aunque también puede ser empleado como intermediario en la fabricación de uniones disimilares entre un metal y un cerámico mediante técnicas de unión en estado sólido o en soldadura fuerte reactiva. Se describen las condiciones óptimas de activación de la alúmina mediante sales de Ni, y la influencia que posee la preparación superficial de este substrato (Al2O3 sobre las capas de Cu obtenidas. Este proceso se realiza mediante reducción autocatalítica, habiéndose estudiado como influye la velocidad de deposición sobre la adherencia de la capa de cobre. También se realizaron estudios cinéticos del proceso de recubrimiento mediante ensayos gravimétricos y electroquímicos. Con el fin de obtener recubrimientos que

  13. Tratamiento del polvo de aluminio mediante disolución acuosa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    López, F. A.

    2004-10-01

    Full Text Available Aluminium dust from aluminium remelting industry is a hazardous residue because of its high reactivity in the presence of water. In order to apply the new European Directive about landfill of waste, a study of its hydrolysis was carried out. The influence of temperature, time and pH on the hydrolysis of the aluminium dust was studied. The hydrolysed solids were characterized by XRD and AAS; in the aqueous solutions the pH and the ionic conductivity were determined. The evolved gases were analysed by mass spectrometry. The reactivity of the dust, before and after hydrolysis, was investigated by analysing the ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and metallic aluminium. By hydrolysis at 60 °C and 48 h a much lower reactive material was obtained which could be disposed with minimal environmental impact.

    El polvo de aluminio es un residuo generado en la metalurgia secundaria del aluminio y considerado peligroso como consecuencia de su elevada reactividad en presencia de humedad. Con objetivo de buscar un procedimiento de pretratamiento de dicho residuo, de acuerdo con la Directiva Europea sobre vertederos, se ha realizado el estudio del comportamiento del polvo de aluminio en medio acuoso. Para ello, se han analizado la influencia de la temperatura, el tiempo y el pH de reacción en su hidrólisis. Los sólidos hidrolizados se caracterizaron mediante EAA y DRX, mientras que en las soluciones acuosas resultantes se determinaron el pH y la conductividad iónica. Los gases liberados durante el proceso de hidrólisis se analizaron mediante espectrometría de masas. Asimismo, se ha determinado la reactividad del residuo antes y después de la hidrólisis, analizando amoniaco, sulfuro de hidrógeno y aluminio metálico. La hidrólisis, a 60 °C y después de 48 h, permite obtener material de muy baja reactividad que podría ser almacenado en vertedero.

  14. Desarrollo de un escáner 3D mediante cámaras estereoscópicas e iluminación láser

    OpenAIRE

    Cristina, Federico; Dapoto, Sebastián H.; Vegas, Javier; Artola, Verónica; Russo, Claudia Cecilia; Abásolo Guerrero, María José

    2007-01-01

    Los dispositivos de escaneo tridimensional permiten obtener modelos de objetos utilizando distintas técnicas de captura. Esta tarea puede ser llevada a cabo por ejemplo mediante estereovisión, el cual es un método de reconstrucción 3D a partir de fotografías. Las técnicas de reconstrucción 3D mediante luz se basan en la proyección de un patrón de luz conocido sobre una escena y a partir del análisis de la proyección puede deducirse la forma de los objetos. De esta manera, basándose en la info...

  15. Late Quaternary developments of Mediterranean oaks in the Atlantic domain of the Iberian Peninsula: The case of the Cantabrian region (N Spain)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uzquiano, P.; Ruiz-Zapata, MaB.; Gil-Garcia, MaJ.; Fernández, S.; Carrión, J. S.

    2016-12-01

    A synthesis of the occurrence of the evergreen oak (Quercus ilex-type) in the Cantabrian region (northern Spain) is presented on the basis of integrated charcoal and pollen analyses. Archaeological charcoal comes largely from sites along the littoral and pre-littoral territories of the Basque Country, Cantabria and Asturias dated from 45 to 3.7 Kyr cal BP, and culturally ranging from Mousterian to Iron Age. Pollen information is produced from a few archaeological sites but mainly from peats and lake sediments. Q. ilex-type is observed as early as at 45-30 Kyr cal BP, with sporadic occurrences in vegetation contexts dominated by Pinus sylvestris-type, which was widely exploited by Mousterian and Aurignacian inhabitants. Afterwards, during the Upper Palaeolithic, there is an important decline, and Q. ilex-type is hardly present between 29 and 15 Kyr cal BP, with open environments dominated by heathland shrubs. From Late Magdalenian onwards, Q. ilex-type expanded again, remaining in the landscape of the Cantabrian region throughout the Holocene, although subordinated in deciduous oak forests under the influence of oceanic climate conditions. Q. ilex-type had a more favourable position than deciduous Quercus across the Cantabrian southern slopes and northwest of the adjacent Iberian Cordillera, where oceanic influences have become attenuated by summer drought and continentality.

  16. Análisis de la biodiversidad de macroinvertebrados bentónicos del Río Cunas mediante indicadores ambientales, Junín - Perú

    OpenAIRE

    Custodio Villanueva, María

    2013-01-01

    El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el estado de la biodiversidad de macroinvertebrados bentónicos del río Cunas mediante indicadores ambientales. Se utilizaron los métodos de observación, descripción y explicación; el tipo de investigación es básica y el diseño no experimental, de tipo longitudinal. Se definieron tres sectores de muestreo, San Blas, Huarisca y La Perla. La valoración de las presiones antrópicas se realizó mediante la determinación de DBO5 aportada por aguas residual...

  17. Análisis de la biodiversidad de macroinvertebrados bentónicos del río Cunas mediante indicadores ambientales, Junín-Perú

    OpenAIRE

    María Custodio Villanueva; Fernán Cosme Chanamé Zapata

    2016-01-01

    El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar el estado de la biodiversidad de macroinvertebrados bentónicos del río Cunas mediante indicadores ambientales. Se definieron tres sectores de muestreo en dos épocas contrastantes. La valoración de las presiones antrópicas se realizó mediante la determinación de la carga de DBO5 aportada por aguas residuales. Se colectaron muestras de agua para la determinación de nitratos, fosfatos y coliformes termotolerantes. Los indicadores medidos in situ fuero...

  18. Fomento de la conciencia ambiental mediante el blog UNAECOLÓGICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nereidy Velásquez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito del artículo es presentar una propuesta para fomentar la conciencia ambiental mediante el uso del blog. En este trabajo se organizaron los referentes teóricos relacionados con la educación ambiental y con la web, la cual constituye un espacio que ofrece información consistente y veraz sobre cualquier temática. El blog UNAECOLÓGICA es una propuesta que se crea con el fin de generar espacios para la comunicación, la interacción, la construcción del conocimiento ambiental y estimular en la comunidad unista la participación, la empatía y la solidaridad hacia su entorno.  Entre algunas de las secciones que presenta UNAECOLÓGICA, se encuentran: Notiambiente, Literambiente, Ecorelatos. Ecofrases, entre otras.

  19. Control de costos mediante el análisis de valor ganado : caso aplicativo

    OpenAIRE

    Prado Ponce, Eduard Javier; Prado Ponce, Eduard Javier; Prado Ponce, Eduard Javier

    2015-01-01

    El control de costos y el control de plazos son muy importantes ya que pueden dar como resultados informes que permitan aplicar planes correctivos e incluso preventivos si se analizan con suficiente antelación. Existen empresas que se dedican a la construcción de obras civiles, que actualmente carece de un proceso para la planificación y control en la ejecución de obra, debido a ello surge la necesidad de desarrollar una metodología que permita a la empresa optimizar sus recursos mediante ...

  20. Detección facial y reconocimiento anímico mediante las expresiones faciales

    OpenAIRE

    BARTUAL GONZÁLEZ, RAQUEL

    2017-01-01

    The project is based on the software development elaborated with the program LabView. The mentioned program aims to detect people's faces in a video, as well as their genre and mood state. El proyecto se basa en el desarrollo de un software elaborado con el programa LabView. Dicho programa pretende detectar la cara de las personas en un vídeo, así como su género y su estado de ánimo. Bartual González, R. (2017). Detección facial y reconocimiento anímico mediante las expresiones faciales...

  1. Metalgoritmo de optimización combinatoria mediante la exploración de grafos.

    OpenAIRE

    Pastor, Rafael

    1999-01-01

    Actualmente, aunque existen procedimientos específicos para resolver de forma óptima algunos problemas concretos de optimización combinatoria, la mayoría se deben solucionar con técnicas generales de exploración del espacio de soluciones, y más concretamente mediante procedimientos de exploración enumerativos en árboles y grafos de búsqueda.Se analizan los procedimientos de este tipo expuestos en la literatura, tanto en el área de la investigación operativa como en el de la inteligencia artif...

  2. Análisis de la utilidad de la olfatogustometría mediante BAST-24 en la población diabética y su relación con la función renal

    OpenAIRE

    Gascón Rubio, María Cristina

    2014-01-01

    157 p. : il., graf. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo observacional del sentido del olfato mediante el test BAST-24 de la población diabética. Valoramos su función renal mediante determinaciones analíticas.

  3. Aspectos por considerar para una efectiva integración universitaria mediante las nuevas tecnologías. Una perspectiva desde la sociología de las organizaciones

    OpenAIRE

    Cordero, Aleska

    2008-01-01

    En el presente artículo se desarrollan algunas ideas y consideraciones por tomar en cuenta, desde el enfoque organizacional, para fundamentar una efectiva integración iberoamericana entre las instituciones universitarias mediante el uso de las nuevas tecnologías. Se presentan ciertos conceptos provenientes de la teoría organizacional (cultura organizacional, cultura profesional, resistencia al cambio) mediante los cuales es posible abordar el análisis de los problemas que se plantean en las i...

  4. PROPUESTA DE CONEXIÓN DE ENTORNOS IPv6 MEDIANTE UN BACKBONE MPLS/IPv4

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nancy Yaneth Gelvez García

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Las redes actuales MPLS/IPv4 presentan las ventajas de poder implementar ingeniería de tráfico, así como realizar diferenciación de flujos mediante clases de servicio (CoS frente a las redes con enrutamiento IP tradicional. En aras de aprovechar cualidades estratégicas durante la etapa de coexistencia entre IPv4 e IPv6 existen 4 métodos para proveer conectividad a islas IPv6 [1] remotas a través de una infraestructura de core MPLS con IPv4 nativo [2], sin embargo una de las formas que permite un rápida y fácil provisión de la misma dados los mínimos requisitos de configuración y de equipos es la de disponer túneles IPv6 en los enrutadores de acceso (CE de la red. No obstante, sus cuatro variantes (manual, GRE, 6to4 e IPv6 compatible IPv4 [3] resultan adecuadas o no según las características inherentes de la red a interconectar; por tanto este artículo presenta las ventajas y desventajas propias de la utilización de cada técnica de entunelamiento como resultado de la interconexión con los cuatro tipos de túneles de una red emulada mediante GNS3+Dynamips.

  5. DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE UN SISTEMA DE ENERGÍA TERMOSOLAR MEDIANTE EL USO DE UN MODELO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arturo Daniel Alarcón Rodríguez

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo se expone el método de dimensionamiento de sistemas termosolares mediante el uso de un modelo matemático. Este método es comúnmente usado debido que es simple, flexible pero a la vez muy potente. La simulación del sistema termosolar se realiza en base a un modelo matemático que describe los fenómenos térmicos que ocurren mediante un conjunto de ecuaciones diferenciales. Los parámetros que determinan el modelo son coeficientes de intercambio de calor entre los elementos del sistema, parámetros que representan las características de los componentes del sistema termosolar y parámetros que representan las condiciones en las que trabajará el sistema. Estos parámetros se determinan en base a recomendaciones de bibliografía, observaciones, mediciones de campo y correlaciones adecuadas. El uso de un modelo para el dimensionamiento de un sistema termosolar resulta una herramienta muy útil, ya que se adapta a distintas configuraciones de sistemas termosolares. Permite asimismo, tener una idea bastante aproximada del comportamiento del sistema termosolar en distintas condiciones de uso, la que sólo podría obtenerse a través de experimentos físicos complicados y por ende costosos.

  6. Seasonal changes in photosynthesis and photoprotection in a Quercus ilex subsp. ballota woodland located in its upper altitudinal extreme in the Iberian Peninsula.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Corcuera, L; Morales, F; Abadía, A; Gil-Pelegrín, E

    2005-05-01

    Quercus ilex L. subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp., a Mediterranean evergreen species growing in a continental Mediterranean climate, did not experience water stress and showed greater sensitivity to winter stress than to summer stress over a 12-month period. Net CO2 assimilation rates and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency decreased markedly during the cold months and recovered completely in spring. Lutein, neoxanthin and beta-carotene to chlorophyll (Chl) molar ratios all showed the same trend throughout the year, increasing from September to March. This increase was a result of increases in carotenoid concentrations, because Chl concentration per unit leaf area remained stable, and was higher at the end than at the beginning of the first growing season. Lutein-epoxide was a minor component of the total lutein pool. Thermal energy dissipation and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were associated with the de-epoxidated forms of the xanthophyll cycle pigments in the warm months. Photosynthetic rates decreased slightly at midday in summer. These changes were accompanied by decreases in maximum potential PSII efficiency (which recovered during the night), actual and intrinsic PSII efficiencies, photochemical quenching and increases in NPQ. Overall, our data indicate down-regulation of photosynthesis during the summer. The diurnal de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin occurred throughout the year, except in January. Antioxidant enzymatic activity increased in the winter months, especially during the coldest months, highlighting its key role in photoprotection against photo-oxidation. Structural and functional modifications protected PSII from permanent damage and allowed 1-year-old leaves to photosynthesize at high rates when temperatures increased in spring.

  7. Increasing carbon discrimination rates and depth of water uptake favor the growth of Mediterranean evergreen trees in the ecotone with temperate deciduous forests.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barbeta, Adrià; Peñuelas, Josep

    2017-12-01

    Tree populations at the low-altitudinal or -latitudinal limits of species' distributional ranges are predicted to retreat toward higher altitudes and latitudes to track the ongoing changes in climate. Studies have focused on the climatic sensitivity of the retreating species, whereas little is known about the potential replacements. Competition between tree species in forest ecotones will likely be strongly influenced by the ecophysiological responses to heat and drought. We used tree-ring widths and δ 13 C and δ 18 O chronologies to compare the growth rates and long-term ecophysiological responses to climate in the temperate-Mediterranean ecotone formed by the deciduous Fagus sylvatica and the evergreen Quercus ilex at the low altitudinal and southern latitudinal limit of F. sylvatica (NE Iberian Peninsula). F. sylvatica growth rates were similar to those of other southern populations and were surprisingly not higher than those of Q. ilex, which were an order of magnitude higher than those in nearby drier sites. Higher Q. ilex growth rates were associated with high temperatures, which have increased carbon discrimination rates in the last 25 years. In contrast, stomatal regulation in F. sylvatica was proportional to the increase in atmospheric CO 2 . Tree-ring δ 18 O for both species were mostly correlated with δ 18 O in the source water. In contrast to many previous studies, relative humidity was not negatively correlated with tree-ring δ 18 O but had a positive effect on Q. ilex tree-ring δ 18 O. Furthermore, tree-ring δ 18 O decreased in Q. ilex over time. The sensitivity of Q. ilex to climate likely reflects the uptake of deep water that allowed it to benefit from the effect of CO 2 fertilization, in contrast to the water-limited F. sylvatica. Consequently, Q. ilex is a strong competitor at sites currently dominated by F. sylvatica and could be favored by increasingly warmer conditions. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  8. Influência da inoculação de Fusarium spp. e níveis de sombreamento no crescimento e desenvolvimento da erva-mate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Igor Poletto

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. é uma espécie amplamente cultivada no sul do Brasil e países vizinhos. Suas folhas e galhos finos, preparados segundo método apropriado, fornecem o mate ou chimarrão, o mais popular chá consumido no Brasil e exportado para todo o mundo. Com o aumento da área plantada, sobretudo na última década, os problemas fitossanitários causados por pragas e doenças aumentaram e, dentre estes, a podridão-de-raízes vem se tornando um dos principais. A doença é causada por Fusarium spp. e provoca sérios danos decorrentes da destruição do sistema radicular, ocasionando, nos casos mais graves, morte da planta. A erva-mate é uma espécie que habita o sub-bosque da mata e o cultivo de forma homogênea a pleno sol pode ser um fator estressante ocasionando menor crescimento e desenvolvimento e também torná-la mais susceptível à podridão-de-raízes. Assim, foram instalados experimentos na área do Viveiro Florestal pertencente ao Departamento de Ciências Florestais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria com o objetivo de confirmar tais hipóteses. O experimento foi desenvolvido em um esquema fatorial (2 x 5, composto pela inoculação de Fusarium spp. e por níveis de sombreamento. Foi observado que plantas submetidas aos menores níveis de sombreamento ou a pleno sol tiveram seu desenvolvimento prejudicado e ficaram mais suscetíveis à doença. As plantas inoculadas com Fusarium spp. tiveram menor desenvolvimento em comparação com as não inoculadas, especialmente nos menores níveis de sombreamento.

  9. Avaliação nutricional de plantas de erva-mate atacadas e não atacadas pelo Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Geedre Adriano Borsoi

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available The present research aimed at evaluating and comparing the nutritional levels of erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil., plants which were attacked by Hedypathes betulinus (Klug, 1825 (Col.: Cerambycidae, and plants of the same specie, which were not attacked by this insect. This objective was established in order to identify possible nutritional instabilities in the soil and in the leaves of these erva mate plants. The area where the investigation was conducted is localized in Catanduvas (SC. The plantation of erva mate, which had density of 2100 plants/ha, was eight years old and it was homogeneous. The samples of the plants and the soil were collected between February and April in 1999. They also were submitted to chemical analysis on Soil Analysis Laboratory. In this place, it was interpreted the levels of each chemical element and it was applied the tests of comparisons means “t” and “f” and test of homogeneity of variances, of erva mate plants. Soil showed levels adequate of N and P, low levels of K, Ca and Mg and right to S, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Na, Al, Al+H, ph and SMP. In the tissue analysis, plants presented levels adequate of K, Ca, B, Zn and Na low levels of P, Mn and S and right to N, Mg, Fe and Cu. The test “t” demonstrated expressive difference for the P of the soil and leaves. The test “f” demonstrated Fe of soil as chemical variables with significant differences. P and Fe of the soil and K, S and Mn of the leaves were the chemical elements that showed expressive heterogeneity of variances. Comparing the two varieties of erva mate plants, the ones, which were attacked by the insect, revealed more variation beween the means.

  10. Novel Beverages of Yerba-Mate and Soy: Bioactive Compounds and Functional Properties

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cátia Nara Tobaldini Frizon

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, two high-nutrition commodities that are produced in great amounts in Brazil were joined in a single functional product. Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis is rich in bioactive compounds, while soybean is a high-quality protein source. The objective of this paper was to assess the psychochemical characteristics of two yerba-mate progenies (planted–PL and native–NT leaves and then confirm whether the functional and nutritional properties of the main ingredients were conveyed to the beverage produced. The main raw material, yerba-mate leaves, and the drinks were assessed for bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, physicochemical properties, and nutritional value. Planted leaves showed higher concentration of 5-CQA, caffeic acid and rutin than the native plant, whereas caffeine and theobromine were detected in larger amounts in native leaves. The nutritional profile of the drinks was compared to commercial beverages–either yerba-mate-based or soy-based. They indeed provide more protein, fiber, and fats than traditional yerba-mate beverages (chimarrão, tererê, and mate tea. Soy drinks currently marketed, for their turn, have similar caloric value and higher contents of lipid and protein as compared to our product, but are poor in fibers. NT drink (DPPH—IC50 92.83 and ABTS—8.18 μM Trolox/mL had higher antioxidant activity than PL (IC50 147.06 and 5.63 μM Trolox/mL due to the greater volume fraction of yerba-mate extract. NT beverage has more 5-CQA and caffeine in the same intake of tererê and traditional mate tea. This healthy beverage contributes to an increasing income to the food industry and yerba-mate producers, and environmental gains that are related to the exploration of natural resources.

  11. Diseño e implementación de un sistema de seguridad vehicular mediante reconocimiento facial a través de visión artificial

    OpenAIRE

    Cajas Idrovo, Marco Vinicio; Viri Ávila, Pablo Andrés

    2017-01-01

    El documento consiste en un sistema de seguridad antirrobo de vehículos basado en visión artificial mediante varias técnicas de reconocimiento facial, el cual permite el encendido y la conducción de personas autorizadas previamente establecida en una base de datos y niega el acceso a otras personas haciendo sonar alarmas, esto se logra mediante la activación del relé de la bomba de gasolina, el reconocimiento se lo hace cada cierto tiempo para a cada momento verificar la identidad de la perso...

  12. Evaluación genotóxica, mediante la prueba de micronúcleos, de la exposición a drogas psicoactivas en individuos del suroccidente colombiano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LS. Hoyos

    2001-07-01

    genotóxico de estas drogas mediante la prueba de Micronúcleos (Mn, que identifica fragmentos cromosómicos o cromosomas enteros excluidos del núcleo celular y que es un biomarcador temprano de exposición e indicador de riesgo incrementado de cáncer. El objetivo de este estudio fue: evaluar el daño genético inducido por el consumo de drogas psicoactivas mediante cuantificación de micronúcleos en linfocitos binucleados de sangre periférica de individuos consumidores y no c onsumidores.

  13. How drought severity constrains gross primary production(GPP) and its partitioning among carbon pools in a Quercus ilex coppice?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rambal, S.; Lempereur, M.; Limousin, J. M.; Martin-StPaul, N. K.; Ourcival, J. M.; Rodríguez-Calcerrada, J.

    2014-12-01

    The partitioning of photosynthates toward biomass compartments plays a crucial role in the carbon (C) sink function of forests. Few studies have examined how carbon is allocated toward plant compartments in drought-prone forests. We analyzed the fate of gross primary production (GPP) in relation to yearly water deficit in an old evergreen Mediterranean Quercus ilex coppice severely affected by water limitations. Carbon fluxes between the ecosystem and the atmosphere were measured with an eddy covariance flux tower running continuously since 2001. Discrete measurements of litterfall, stem growth and fAPAR allowed us to derive annual productions of leaves, wood, flowers and acorns, and an isometric relationship between stem and belowground biomass has been used to estimate perennial belowground growth. By combining eddy covariance fluxes with annual net primary productions (NPP), we managed to close a C budget and derive values of autotrophic, heterotrophic respirations and carbon-use efficiency (CUE; the ratio between NPP and GPP). Average values of yearly net ecosystem production (NEP), GPP and Reco were 282, 1259 and 977 g C m-2. The corresponding aboveground net primary production (ANPP) components were 142.5, 26.4 and 69.6 g C m-2 for leaves, reproductive effort (flowers and fruits) and stems, respectively. NEP, GPP and Reco were affected by annual water deficit. Partitioning to the different plant compartments was also impacted by drought, with a hierarchy of responses going from the most affected - the stem growth - to the least affected - the leaf production. The average CUE was 0.40, which is well in the range for Mediterranean-type forest ecosystems. CUE tended to decrease less drastically in response to drought than GPP and NPP did, probably due to drought acclimation of autotrophic respiration. Overall, our results provide a baseline for modeling the inter-annual variations of carbon fluxes and allocation in this widespread Mediterranean ecosystem, and

  14. Caracterización de polipropileno con fibra de vidrio y policarbonato/acrilonitrilo butadieno estireno microespumados mediante moldeo por inyección MuCell®

    OpenAIRE

    Rojas Jiménez, Ana

    2016-01-01

    El proyecto tiene como objetivo el análisis morfológico y de propiedades mecánicas de placas de polipropileno con fibra de vidrio (PP-GF30) y de policarbonato/acrilonitrilo butadieno estireno (PC/ABS), inyectadas mediante microespumación física (MuCell®). Este proyecto se enmarca dentro de un estudio más amplio que tiene como objetivo la comparación entre dos métodos de espumado físico mediante moldeo por inyección: el proceso MuCell® y un nuevo proceso del grupo Volkswagen...

  15. "DETECCIÓN DE TRASTORNO DE DEFICIT DE ATENCIÓN MEDIANTE LA ESCALA DE CONNERS EN NIÑOS 6 A 9 AÑOS DE EDAD"

    OpenAIRE

    Cancino Estrada, Yurixhi

    2012-01-01

    Antecedentes: el TDAH es la enfermedad psiquiátrica crónica más frecuente en la edad pediátrica. Su prevalencia es del 3 al 5%. No existe una encuesta única para sospechar TDAH, una de ellas es la escala de Conners, al detectar oportunamente a estos niños e iniciar tratamiento, se disminuye fracaso escolar y rechazo social. Objetivo: detectar TDAH mediante la escala de Conners en niños de 6 a 9 años de edad. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo mediante aplicación de l...

  16. Representación del Conocimiento en curriculo mediante esquemas preconceptuales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Mario Zapata

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available El concepto de currículo se torna más y más complejo en tanto aparecen nuevos estudios que lo complementan. Como consecuencia, los modelos que, gráfica o formalmente, tratan de representar el conocimiento alrededor del currículo se ocupan cada vez más de aspectos locales, de este modo le restan generalidad de comprensión. Por ello, en este artículo de investigación se realiza una revisión acerca de los diferentes enfoques del currículo a lo largo del siglo XX y de los modelos que representan este concepto. Finalmente, se propone una representación integradora de las diferentes visiones de currículo mediante los denominados esquemas preconceptuales, que consisten en diagramas para la representación del conocimiento cercanos al lenguaje natural

  17. Fabricación aditiva mediante sinterizado láser de polvos de acero inoxidable martensítico AISI 420

    OpenAIRE

    Vega Nava, Sergio

    2014-01-01

    Busqueda de los parámetros de fabricación adecuados y los tratamientos térmicos a realizar, con el fin de alcanzar durezas de 50 HRC y una adecuada porosidad, en el acero inoxidable AISI 420 obtenido mediante sinterizado láser.

  18. Clasificación automática mediante la CDU con el procedimiento en cadena

    OpenAIRE

    San Segundo Manuel, Rosa

    2002-01-01

    Actas de las I Jornadas de Tratamiento y Recuperación de Información (JOTRI), Valencia, España, 4-5 julio 2002 Se entiende por clasificación automática el proceso de agrupar según el contenido las referencias de los documentos o bien los propios documentos electróneos. Este proceso se realiza mediante programas capaces de comparar términos empleados utilizados en el documento. E incluso hay otras formas automáticas de clasificación que emplean procedimientos auto...

  19. Mejoramiento de propiedades mecánicas y tribológicas en herramientas industriales mediante aplicación de recubrimientos multicapa de TiN/ZrN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maryory Astrid Gómez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se depositaron recubrimientos multicapa de TiN/ZrN con 10 bicapas y recubrimientos monocapa de TiN y ZrN mediante pulverización catódica magnetrón r.f. Además, el recubrimiento multicapa se aplicó en fresadoras y se evaluó su desempeño en términos de vida útil de la herramienta. Los recubrimientos se caracterizaron a escala de laboratorio mediante difracción de rayos X, microscopía de fuerza atómica, microdureza Knoop, pruebas de desgaste mediante CaloTest y medidas de adhesión por la prueba de rayado. El recubrimiento multicapa superó a los recubrimientos monocapa en resistencia al desgaste, dureza superficial y carga crítica soportada. La adhesión mostrada por todos los recubrimientos fue muy buena como para ser considerados recubrimientos para aplicaciones industriales. Se incrementó la vida útil de fresas industriales en un 54,1 % con la aplicación del recubrimiento multicapa.

  20. Deteccion de Chlamydia trachomatis en muestras uretrales mediante inmunofluorescencia directa Detecção de Chlamydia trachomatis em amostras uretrais mediante imunofluorescência direta Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urethral samples by means of direct immunofluorescence

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Myra Wilson Schuster

    1989-12-01

    Full Text Available Se estudiaron 82 pacientes con uretritis para la búsqueda de Chlamydia trachomatis mediante inmunofluorescencia directa, Neisscria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplastna y Ureaplasma mediante métodos estándar. Se encontró un 19,5% de Chlamydia trachomatis y en 11 de ellos (68,8% se encontró asociada a otras bacterias y estos pacientes presentó una secreción escasa-gelatinosa.Em 82 doentes com uretrite foi pesquisada a presença de Chlamydia trachomatis, utilizando a prova da imunofluorescência direta, e de Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma e Ureaplasma, utilizando os métodos padrões. Ch. trachomatis foi encontrada em 19,5% dos casos, sendo que em 11 deles (68,8% observou-se associação entre Chlamydia e as outras bactérias pesquisadas. Nesses pacientes observou-se presença de secreção uretral escassa e de aspecto gelatinoso.The presence of Chlamydia trachomatis was studied by the direct immunofluorescence test, as also was that of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma by the standard methods, in 82 patients with urethral discharge. Ch. trachomatis was found in 19.5% (16 of the cases and in 11 of them (68.8% there was association with the other bacteria investigated. This eleven patients presented a scanty gelatinous discharge.

  1. Predicción del color y contenido de humedad en café cerezo mediante redes neuronales y regresión de mínimos cuadrados parciales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilson Manuel Castro Silupu

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available La presente investigación se enfocó en el desarrollo de modelos de predicción del color en coordenadas CIELab y el contenido de humedad de café cerezo mediante la tecnología de imágenes hiperespectrales; comparando el ajuste por un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple – PLSR (Partialleastsquareregression y un modelo no lineal (ANN – artiftial neural network. La muestra se conformó de 200 granos de café cerezo en diferentes estados de madurez, dividiéndola en 120 granos para calibración y 80 de validación.La  muestra fue caracterizada mediante colorimetría en el espacio CIELab y determinación de la humedad. Posteriormente se adquirieron imágenes hiperespectrales de cada granos y se almacenaron en formato *.bil. El procesamiento de las imágenes se realizó mediante un sistema desarrollado e implementado en el software matemático Matlab 2010a, mediante funciones *.m e interfaces de usuario (GUIs. Se desarrollaron modelos de ajuste para cada una de las coordenadas de color y el contenido de humedad, calculándose los coeficientes de correlación en calibración y validación. Los resultados mostraron que las redes neuronales tienen un mayor ajuste en calibración con coeficientes de correlación superiores a 0,90 mientras que el PLSR genero coeficientes entre 0,42 y 0,48.

  2. Medida de la dureza de sólidos mediante nanoindentación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alkorta, J.

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available Hardness is not readily measurable by means of instrumented indentation since the value of the contact area depends on the pile-up or sink-in occurring near the contact surface of the sample. The most widespread method to estimate it by means of the loading/unloading curve of indentation, Oliver and Pharr’s method, deviates, in the extreme cases, up to a 25% from the real values since it only takes into account the elastic deflection. In this work, a new correction based on Oliver and Pharr’s method is proposed that agrees with the numerical calculations. Plastic hardening behaviour of the sample must be known to accurately estimate the contact area.

    La medida de la dureza mediante indentación con registro de carga y desplazamiento no es evidente, dada la incertidumbre sobre el tamaño de huella debido al levantamiento (pile-up o hundimiento (sink-in plásticos de la superficie de la muestra alrededor del indentador. El método más utilizado para la medida de la dureza mediante la curva de carga/descarga de indentación, el de Oliver y Pharr, sólo tiene en cuenta hundimiento elástico, por lo que el error en la medida de la dureza y el módulo de Young puede llegar hasta un 25% en los casos más extremos. En el presente trabajo se discute una posible corrección al método de Oliver y Pharr para una obtención más ajustada del área de contacto de la huella. Esta corrección requiere de un conocimiento a priori o a posteriori del comportamiento plástico del material.

  3. Indicadores de eficiencia relativa del proceso de gestión de crédito en un banco colombiano, mediante análisis envolvente de datos (DEA)

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez-Gooding, Sandra Paola; Rodríguez-Lozano, Gloria Isabel

    2016-01-01

    El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo medir la eficiencia relativa de las unidades que participan en el proceso de gestión de crédito de un banco colombiano, mediante la utilización del análisis envolvente de datos (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA). Mediante un doble proceso de optimización, esta metodología de programación lineal avanzada genera un único índice de eficiencia relativa para cada una de las unidades estudiadas, aunque es capaz de incluir múltiples recursos y múltiples salidas....

  4. Evaluacion de competencias mediante prácticas dirigidas sobre proyectos de edificación

    OpenAIRE

    Castilla, Franciso; Castilla, Franciso; Sanz, David; González, Jesús; Pérez, Víctor

    2011-01-01

    La Búsqueda de herramientas eficaces para la evaluación de competencias transversales, comunes a diferentes asignaturas de un mismo plan de estudios, es uno de los pilares del nuevo Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. El trabajo que aquí se presenta pretende mostrar las experiencias realizadas en primer curso del Grado en Ingeniería de Edificación en la Escuela Politécnica de Cuenca mediante prácticas dirigidas sobre edificios y proyectos de edificación. El objetivo principal es obtener...

  5. Estudio mediante resonancia magnética de efectos pretransicionales en cristales líquidos

    OpenAIRE

    Vaca Chavez, Fabián

    2002-01-01

    Tesis (Doctor en Física)--Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, 2002. Se presenta el estudio mediante la técnica de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear de los efectos pretransicionales en diferentes fases de cristales líquidos termotrópicos y liotrópicos. Estos compuestos son materia de innumerables trabajos tanto teóricos como experimentales, debido a que son materiales extremadamente interesantes por sus aplicaciones tecnológicas, ópticas y biológicas. Se...

  6. CONTROL ROBUSTO DE UN SISTEMA MECÁNICO SIMPLE MEDIANTE UNA HERRAMIENTA GRAFICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LUINI HURTADO CORTÉS

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available en este artículo se presenta el diseño de un controlador robusto para un sistema masaresorteamortiguador . Con el fin de realizar un diseño simple, se tomó en cuenta únicamente la incertidumbre en los parámetros de la planta. Los cálculos del problema se realizaron con una interfaz gráfica desarrollada para el diseño de controladores robustos, disponible para la Toolbox de Control Robusto de Matlab Ò . Se pretende que este ejercicio sirva como tutorial de introducción al análisis y diseño de sistemas de control robusto mediante el uso de la interfaz gráfica.

  7. DETECCIÓN DEL DISCO ÓPTICO EN RETINOGRAFÍAS MEDIANTE UNA ESTRATEGIA EVOLUTIVA (µ+λ

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Germán Sánchez Torres

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta un procedimiento para la detección del disco óptico (DO en retinografías, mediante un algoritmo evolutivo. El procedimiento tiene dos etapas principales: la detección gruesa de la posición del DO y el refinamiento de los bordes del contorno. La detección gruesa ubica la posición del DO mediante un algoritmo evolutivo, cuyos individuos tienen como función objetivo la cantidad de píxeles brillantes y el número de bordes de la red de conductos sanguíneos, contenidos dentro de una circunferencia. La etapa de refinamiento aplica un procedimiento geométrico, para deformar el círculo inicial, ajustando el borde de éste con la posición del píxel de mayor variación en dirección al vector normal. El procedimiento fue evaluado empleando los repositorios públicos STARE y DIAREDB, procesando imágenes de pacientes sanos y con alteraciones de las retina, generadas por la presencia de retinopatía diabética. Los resultados experimentales muestran que el método propuesto puede identificar la posición del disco óptico en retinografías con una precisión cercana al 96 %.

  8. Análisis de vulnerabilidad mediante modelamiento hidrodinámico del cauce del río seco del Cono Sur de la ciudad de Tacna

    OpenAIRE

    Frisancho Camero, Felix Ladislao

    2015-01-01

    La cuenca del río Seco tiene un área de 1 106,49 Km2 y una cuenca húmeda de 344,74 Km2, contando con el aporte de tres sub cuencas: Caplina , Palca y Vilavilani Yungane. Se analizó las variables del estudio, siendo la población que habita en la zona, infraestructura urbana y la hidrología y geología de la cuenca. Mediante el análisis de frecuencias se estimaron las precipitaciones, intensidades o caudales máximos, para diferentes períodos de retorno, mediante la aplicación de modelos probabil...

  9. Promoción de salud y prevención de adicciones en adolescentes mediante la actividad física y el arte : Proyecto Faro

    OpenAIRE

    Tarducci, Gabriel Omar; Butler Tau, Gabriela; Gárgano, Sofía; Gandini, Agustina; Lencina, Gustavo; Biera, Rosa; Valle, Mara; Ciochini, Patricia; Olmedo, Teresa Inés; Villa, María Eugenia; Berdula, Lorena Irene; Díaz, Hernán; Sánchez Olguín, Gerardo

    2015-01-01

    El Proyecto Faro se lleva a cabo a mediante la Cátedra de Teoría de la práctica artística de la Facultad de Bellas Artes y la Cátedra Seminario de actividad física para la salud de la facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la UNLP. Mediante este proyecto se desarrollaron guías de promoción de salud y prevención de adicciones destinadas a adolescentes para ser utilizadas a nivel escolar y extraescolar. Objetivo: Potenciar la salud con especial énfasis en la prevención de adiccio...

  10. Diagnóstico de fallas en el sistema de lubricación de un motor de combustión interna a gasolina Hyundai Accent DOHC 1.5L mediante análisis de vibraciones

    OpenAIRE

    Buestán Ramírez, Christian Santiago; Jarama Herrera, Carlos Teodoro

    2016-01-01

    En este documento se presenta el diagnóstico de fallas en el sistema de lubricación de un motor de combustión interna Hyundai Accent 1.5L mediante análisis de vibraciones, en el cual mediante el uso de un diseño experimental se adquirió las señales vibroacústicas, las que fueron procesadas mediante la Transformada de Fourier; para el posterior análisis de resultados por Comparación Espectral y Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP). This research presents the fault diagnosis in the lubr...

  11. Detección Molecular de Toxinas Termoestable y Termolabil de Escherichia coli mediante Hibridación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabel Arias B

    2002-10-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Identificar mediante el método de hibridización por colony blot las toxinas de Escherichia coli enterotoxigénica y relacionar los resultados con los serotipos encontrados. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron todas las cepas de E. Coli recolectadas en el Hospital de Emergencias Pediátricas de Lima durante los meses de diciembre de 1998 - abril 1999. Se usaron dos sendas de ADN que identificaban el gen de la toxina termolábil (LT y el de la toxina termoestable (ST Para la detección de los serotipos se usaron 22 antisueros de diferentes categorías de E. coli. Resultados: se encontraron 233 cepas de E. coli, 27,9% de E. coli poseían el gen LT, 3,0% el gen ST y 1,3% tenían ambos. Conclusiones: los serotipos y la presencia de los genes LT y ST no necesariamente tienen relación, demostrándose que la identificación serológica es importante en el estudio epidemiológico de diarreas causadas por E. coli debiéndose confirmar la identificación de las categorías patogénicas mediante la detección de factores de virulencia.

  12. Valoración de las aguas residuales mediante procedimientos analíticos y biológicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Carballo

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available Ciertos procedimientos, basados en aproximaciones analíticas y biológicas, están demostrando ser útiles en la valoración del riesgo de las aguas residuales urbanas procedentes de las Plantas de Tratamiento. Estos efluentes, considerados “mezclas complejas”, compuestos por sustancias de muy diferente naturaleza, origen y características toxicológicas y medio ambientales, requieren una valoración realista. Con el fin de colaborar al conocimiento de una parte de la realidad de nuestro país, presentamos un estudio sobre once depuradoras urbanas en las que se ha realizado un perfil de compuestos orgánicos y una valoración toxicológica mediante tests de toxicidad agudos, crónicos, de estrogenicidad, mutagenicidad y teratogenia. Los resultados muestran que 7 efluentes presentan toxicidad aguda, 3 toxicidad crónica y 4 estrogenicidad. Destacamos el hecho de que los 4 efluentes que presentan estrogenicidad, poseen al menos 3 de las sustancias estrogénicas detectadas mediante el perfil cromatográfico. Este tipo de consideraciones nos hace reflexionar sobre la necesidad de incorporar este tipo de metodologías para disponer de un conocimiento más realista de estas situaciones.

  13. Ciberacoso mediante teléfono móvil e Internet en las relaciones de noviazgo entre jóvenes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Martínez Pecino

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El ciberacoso es un fenómeno ampliamente analizado entre adolescentes, sin embargo en España ha sido poco estudiado entre jóvenes y particularmente en sus relaciones de noviazgo. Empleando una metodología cuantitativa este estudio analiza el ciberacoso mediante el teléfono móvil e Internet en las relaciones de noviazgo en una muestra compuesta por 336 estudiantes universitarios. El análisis de resultados indica que un 57,2% declara haber sido victimizado por su pareja mediante el teléfono móvil, y un 27,4% a través de Internet. El porcentaje de chicos victimizados fue mayor que el de las chicas. Un 47,6% declara haber acosado a su pareja a través del teléfono móvil, y un 14% a través de Internet. El porcentaje de chicos que lo ejerció fue superior al de las chicas. Los análisis de regresión muestran la relación entre haber sido victimizado por la pareja a través de uno de estos medios y el ejercicio del ciberacoso hacia la pareja mediante el mismo medio tecnológico. Los efectos de interacción ponen de manifiesto que los chicos victimizados a través del teléfono móvil o de Internet se implican, en mayor medida que las chicas victimizadas, como agresores en este fenómeno. Los resultados sugieren una modernización en los tipos de violencia que experimenta la juventud en sus relaciones de pareja.

  14. Producción de materiales en lámina delgada mediante técnicas láser

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Afonso, C. N.

    1998-04-01

    Full Text Available Pulsed laser deposition is a recently developed technique with a large potential in producing materials of technological interest that are not easily produced by more conventional techniques, such as complex oxides or hard ceramics. We will first review the special features of this technique to then show current results of our own research in producing optically doped waveguides either with rare-earth ions or metal nanoparticles.

    Mediante la moderna técnica de depósito por láser pulsado (PLD se pueden obtener materiales de alto interés tecnológico, como son óxidos complejos o cerámicas duras que no son fáciles de obtener por otras técnicas más convencionales. En el presente trabajo, se revisan, en primer lugar, las características especiales de esta técnica. A continuación, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en las investigaciones actualmente en marcha en nuestro laboratorio sobre dopado óptico de materiales mediante especies activas, como los iones de tierras raras o partículas nanocristalinas en matrices aislantes.

  15. Cristalización de vidrios ricos en sílice preparados mediante sol-gel en el sistema alúmina-circona-sílice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Popa, M.

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available The crystallization of ZrSiO4 and its evolution with temperature from chemically homogeneous alumina-silica-zirconia powders prepared by sol-gel method from alcoxide mixtures was studied in the silica-rich region. A glass with the same composition was obtained by quenching in water from the melt. The gel-glasses evolution and microstructure were studied by means of XRD, IR and SEM/EDX, in the range of temperatures up to 1650oC. The materials consisted mainly of amorphous phase up to 1200oC, at which partial crystallization of cristobalite was observed. IR spectroscopy analysis showed zircon bands after thermal treatment at 1200oC. The crystallization of zircon and zirconia particles at 1550oC was confirmed by SEM/EDX analysis. At 1650oC the only stable crystalline phase observed after 40 h of thermal treatment was zircon.

    La cristalización de ZrSiO4 y su evolución con la temperatura se ha estudiado en la región rica en sílice, a partir de polvos amorfos y químicamente homogéneos de alumina-sílice-circona, preparados mediante método sol-gel usando mezclas de alcóxidos. Se obtuvo un vidrio con idéntica composición mediante enfriamiento rápido por inmersión en agua del material fundido. La evolución y la microestructura de los vidrios obtenidos se estudió mediante difracción de rayos X, infrarrojos, microscopía electrónica de barrido y análisis químico, en el rango de temperaturas hasta 1650oC. Los materiales están formados principalmente por fase amorfa hasta 1200oC, temperatura a la cual se observa la cristalización parcial de cristobalita. El análisis por espectroscopía de infrarrojos muestra bandas de circón en muestras tratadas térmicamente por encima de 1200oC. Las observaciones mediante microscopía electrónica confirman la cristalización de partículas de circón y circona a 1550oC. A 1650oC la cristobalita ha fundido y la única fase cristalina estable detectada mediante XRD tras 40 h a esta temperatura

  16. Holiday Plants with Toxic Misconceptions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zabrina N. Evens

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Several plants are used for their decorative effect during winter holidays. This review explores the toxic reputation and proposed management for exposures to several of those, namely poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima, English holly (Ilex aquifolium, American holly (Ilex opaca,bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara, Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum, Americanmistletoe (Phoradendron serotinum, and European mistletoe (Viscum album.

  17. Mercury Distribution and Seasonal and Inter annual Variation of Mercury in Oak (Quercus ilex L.) in Almadenejos (Ciudad Real, Spain)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodriguez-Alonso, J.; Sierra, M. J.; Millan, R.

    2014-01-01

    Plants that are exposed to environmental pollutants are able to accumulate them in their organs depending on plant species, type of organ or age among others. Evergreen plants can hold stems and leaves of the different age over the same branch. Thus, the amount of contaminants of these former organs could vary with its age because the contamination exposure time is different. The aim of this study is to know in a tree species, the mercury (Hg) distribution in it and the variation of Hg concentration in leaves and stems between consecutive years and along the same year. In order to carry this objective out, three different trees of Quercus ilex L. were selected and two branches were taken from each of them. Such trees are located in Almadenejos, a village from the Almaden mining district (Ciudad Real, Spain), an area well known due to the developed Hg mining activities for centuries. Considering each branch and each year, on average the results show that leaves had higher Hg concentration than stems. Furthermore, the lowest Hg concentration was measured in fruit (acorn). With regard to ageing effect on Hg concentration and taking into account each branch separately, the results show that the older leaves had higher Hg concentration than younger ones. Nevertheless, the oldest stems had not always higher Hg concentration than youngest ones. A seasonal variation in Hg content appeared both in leaves and in stems in 2010, increasing in 6.2 times on average, in about six months. This result suggests that this kind of organs should be analyzed in winter months. Finally, the results show a very high positive correlation between the Hg of the bark and the Hg of the wood in the sampled branches. Such result suggests that if bark is sampled and its Hg content is analyzed, we could know the Hg content in the big branches or in the trunk, avoiding the cutting of the branches or the whole tree. (Author)

  18. Experiencia inicial con el retiro de electrodos de estimulación cardiaca mediante una técnica de extracción percutánea mecánica

    OpenAIRE

    Mauricio Duque; Juan C. Díaz; Jorge E. Marín; Julián M. Aristizábal; Jorge E. Velásquez; Laura Duque; William Uribe

    2015-01-01

    Introducción: En Colombia el uso de técnicas de extracción de electrodos de estimulación cardiaca es infrecuente, en parte debido al alto costo de los materiales utilizados para la extracción percutánea y por otra parte por los riesgos percibidos asociados al procedimiento. Esto ha llevado a que muchos electrodos disfuncionantes o infectados sean abandonados o retirados mediante cirugía abierta. Con base en lo anterior se ha desarrollado un programa de extracción de electrodos mediante el uso...

  19. Estimación del gasto energético en el paciente quemado mediante la utilización de ecuaciones predictivas: revisión bibliográfica

    OpenAIRE

    Teresa Núñez-Vinaveirán; Manuel Sánchez; Pablo Millán; José Ramón Martínez-Méndez; Carmen Iglesias; César Casado-Pérez; Abelardo García-de-Lorenzo

    2014-01-01

    Introducción: La valoración de las necesidades calóricas del paciente quemado se ha basado en la medición del gasto energético en reposo (GER) mediante calorimetría indirecta, no siempre disponible en las unidades de quemados, o en su estimación mediante el uso de ecuaciones predictivas. Objetivos: analizar la historia y estado del arte del uso de las ecuaciones predictivas de GER en el paciente quemado crítico, y determinar su validez. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica de estudios y revisiones...

  20. EVALUACIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO IN VITRO DE RECUBRIMIENTOS DE HIDROXIAPATITA DEPOSITADOS MEDIANTE PROYECCIÓN TÉRMICA POR COMBUSTIÓN OXIACETILÉNICA SOBRE UN SUSTRATO DE Ti6Al4V

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    HAMILTON COPETE

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Recubrimientos de Hidroxiapatita sintética producida por precipitación y calcinación a 850 °C fueron depositados sobre sustratos de Ti6Al4V mediante proyección térmica por combustión. Las fases presentes en el material sintetizado y en los recubrimientos elaborados fueron determinadas mediante Difracción de Rayos X. Los recubrimientos fueron evaluados en condiciones in vitro con fluido fisiológico a 37 °C que simula el plasma humano, por periodos de 3, 7, 15 y 30 días. La superficie de los recubrimientos fue caracterizada antes y después de los ensayos in vitro mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido y por Barrido de Energía Dispersiva. La concentración de iones de fosfato y de calcio en el fluido fisiológico fue determinada mediante espectrofotometría. Los resultados de las pruebas in vitro sugieren la acción de dos mecanismos: disolución del recubrimiento en el fluido fisiológico y posterior precipitación de cristales de calcio y fósforo sobre la superficie de la capa de Hidroxiapatita.

  1. Recubrimientos de TiN depositados mediante ACPVD sobre aleaciones de magnesio AM60

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pichel, M.

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Magnesium alloys are reaching special interest due to their good specific properties, low cost and good manufacturing properties. However, their low hardness, wear and corrosion resistance limit their applications in certain sectors of industry. These drawbacks can be solved by applying hard ceramic coatings, such as nitrides or metal carbides. TiN is one of the most used coatings due to its high adhesion, hardness, low coefficient of friction and chemical stability. Physical vapor deposition by cathodic arc CAPVD, is a versatile technique, which uses low temperatures and high ionization energies, generating homogeneous coatings. To achieve coatings with high quality, a careful control of the manufacturing parameters is required, such as bias voltage, gas flow or intensity. This paper focuses on magnesium alloys, AM60, coated with TiN using physical vapor deposition cathodic arc technique (CAPVD at different intensity values (40A and 100A and surface preparation (grinding up to 4000 grit and polished to 3μm. It was included a final condition with an intermediate Al film. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, roughness, optical microscopy and scanning electron.Las aleaciones de magnesio están alcanzando especial interés gracias a sus buenas propiedades específicas, bajo coste y buenas propiedades de moldeabilidad. No obstante su baja dureza, resistencia a desgaste y corrosión, limita sus aplicaciones en ciertos campos de la industria. Estos inconvenientes se pueden solucionar aplicando recubrimientos duros cerámicos, como nitruros o carburos metálicos. El TiN es uno de los más utilizados debido a su alta adherencia, dureza, bajo coeficiente de fricción y estabilidad química. La deposición física en fase vapor mediante arco catódico, ACPVD, es una técnica muy versátil, que emplea bajas temperaturas y altas energías de ionización, generando recubrimientos de bajo espesor, homogéneos y de calidad. Para alcanzar

  2. Programa Antiestrés de Sincronización Cerebral mediante estimulación visual

    OpenAIRE

    Riccardi Sabatier, Yanitza; Caraballo Pons, Isabel; Miyares Cao, Carlos Manuel; Lago Mendoza, Guillermo; Lauzán Álvarez, Efreín

    2014-01-01

    Se presenta un programa computarizado que permite la sincronización de las ondas cerebrales mediante una estimulación visual, a una frecuencia similar a la actividad eléctrica del cerebro en estado de sedación, lo cual favorece la disminución de los niveles de estrés en los pacientes que acuden al Centro de Histoterapia Placentaria para tratar las patologías de Vitiligo, Psoriasis y Alopecia Areata. La aplicación informática fue programada en lenguaje Delphi 7.0 y cuenta con dos módulos para ...

  3. CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE ERVA-MATE (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. EM TRÊS CLASSES DE SOLOS, NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto Luiz Salet

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available O experimento foi instalado em três sítios, com condições climáticas semelhantes e com diferentes classes de solos. Foram usados diferentes tratamentos de adubação para o plantio das mudas de erva-mate, visando ao estudo de efeito destes sobre o seu crescimento inicial. Os sítios apresentam solos classificados como Plintossolo Argilúvico, Alissolo Cromico e Neossolo Litólico, sendo que os tratamentos foram: vermicomposto, tratamento sem fertilizante, ½ dose recomendada de N-P-K e a dose recomendada de N-P-K. O crescimento inicial foi avaliado medindo-se o incremento absoluto em altura, área foliar total e número de folhas da planta, em quatro períodos, durante o primeiro ano. Também, foi avaliado o percentual de plantas sobreviventes cinco meses após o plantio das mudas. A fertilização química reduziu o número de plantas sobreviventes, enquanto que, o uso de vermicomposto e o tratamento sem fertilizantes no plantio induziram maior sobrevivência e maior altura das plantas. Não houve diferença na área foliar e número de folhas para as formas de adubação no plantio. O maior incremento na área foliar total e no número de folhas foi observado no sítio com solo raso e com maior fertilidade natural, o Neossolo Litólico.

  4. Influence of agronomic variables on the composition of mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis) extracts obtained from CO2 extraction at 30 degrees C and 175 bar.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Esmelindro, Angela Aquino; Girardi, Jonathan Dos Santos; Mossi, Altemir; Jacques, Rosângela Assis; Dariva, Cláudio

    2004-04-07

    The aim of this work is to assess the influence of light intensity (plants with direct sun exposure and in a controlled light intensity) and age of leaves (6-24 months) on the characteristics of the extracts of mate tea leaves obtained from carbon dioxide at high pressures. Samples of mate were collected in an experiment conducted under agronomic control at Industria e Comercio de Erva-Mate Barão LTDA, Brazil. The content of selected organic compounds of the extracts was evaluated by gas chromatography together with mass spectrometry. Quantitative analysis of caffeine, theobromine, phytol, vitamin E, squalene, and stigmasterol was performed, and the results showed that field variables exert a strong influence on the liquid yield and on the chemical distribution of the extracts.

  5. Cálculo del poder de la lente intraocular mediante biometría ultrasónica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yileika Elías García

    Full Text Available Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento del cálculo de la lente intraocular mediante biometría ultrasónica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo, con un grupo de pacientes atendidos por el Servicio de Catarata del Centro Oftalmológico «Enrique Cabrera», que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico por catarata con implante de lente intraocular, mediante técnica de Blumenthal. La muestra se conformó con 160 ojos y se estudiaron las variables: sorpresa refractiva, edad, longitud axial y promedio queratométrico según resultado refractivo, poder dióptrico de la lente y componente esférico según edad. Resultados: como resultados más sobresalientes, se obtuvo que el 78,7 % no presentó error en el cálculo de la lente, la mayoría de los pacientes tenían 60 años y más, predominó el rango de longitud axial entre 22 y 24,4 (67,5 %, el promedio queratométrico de 43 a 44,99 (64,3 %, el poder dióptrico del lente de + 20 a + 23 dioptrías (48,2 % y el componente esférico entre 0,00 y +/-1,00 dioptrías (78,8%. Conclusiones: se considera que la biometría ultrasónica resulta adecuada para el cálculo correcto del lente.

  6. Desarrollo de efectos cerámicos como acabados superficiales, mediante tecnología de inyección digital

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Spain S.A., Ferro

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Ferro Spain SA has tackled the practical viability of tile surfaces decoration by means of applying layers of reduced thickness by means of the use of digital injection technology by inkjet and, specifically, relating to effects and superficial finishes different from colouring. It has been studied several mechanisms which allow to get those effects and the influence of the main variables. It has also been assessed the obtained results dealing with the current regulations as in the case of non-slip effect.

    Ferro Spain, S.A. ha abordado la viabilidad práctica de la decoración de superficies cerámicas mediante la aplicación de capas de muy reducido espesor mediante el uso de la tecnología de inyección digital por chorro de tinta y, específicamente en lo relativo a efectos y acabados superficiales distintos de la coloración. Se han estudiado los diversos mecanismos que permiten obtener dichos efectos y la influencia de las principales variables. También ha evaluado los resultados obtenidos atendiendo a las normativas vigentes como es el caso del efecto antideslizante.

  7. Segmentación automática de noticias mediante procesamiento de formas prosódicas

    OpenAIRE

    Mas Manchón, Lluís

    2014-01-01

    La segmentación automatizada de noticias en tiempo real es un problema que ha tenido un abordaje fundamentalmente lingüístico y de procesamiento de la señal en los últimos años. El trabajo que presentamos tiene un enfoque sustancialmente diferente: desde una perspectiva comunicológica, se toman las formas prosódicas típicas del discurso informativo y se intentan programar mediante el procesamiento cepstrum en el entorno Labview. Después de numerosas pruebas se fijan los diferentes parámetros ...

  8. Detección de movimiento mediante técnicas radar CW-FM en banda W

    OpenAIRE

    Vargas González, Daniel

    2014-01-01

    Aplicació de diverses tècniques de detecció i localització per detectar moviments amb un radar C2-FM que opera en banda W. [ANGLÈS] Integration of a SAR adquisition system using a FM-CW 94 GHz radar and test the system by different measurement campaigns with the aim of detecting micrometic displacements using a phase analysis of the recived signal [CASTELLÀ[ Integración de un sistema de adquisición SAR mediante el uso de un radar FM-CW a 94 GHz y probar la validez del mencionado sistema...

  9. Educación mediante enciclopedias visuales temáticas: INTYPEDIA un caso de éxito.

    OpenAIRE

    Ramió Aguirre, Jorge; Muñoz Muñoz, Alfonso

    2013-01-01

    La presente investigación recoge una experiencia de innovación educativa que demuestra la utilidad de las enciclopedias visuales temáticas para la formación académica a través de Internet. Los objetivos de esta experiencia recaen en verificar si es posible crear enciclopedias visuales temáticas que mediante recursos audiovisuales permitan el aprendizaje de aspectos complejos de una manera asequible. Con el interés de obtener datos que permitan comprobar la idoneidad de este tipo de recursos f...

  10. Phenolic compounds and fatty acids from acorns (Quercus spp.), the main dietary constituent of free-ranged Iberian pigs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cantos, Emma; Espín, Juan Carlos; López-Bote, Clemente; de la Hoz, Lorenzo; Ordóñez, Juan A; Tomás-Barberán, Francisco A

    2003-10-08

    The aim of the present work was to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds and fatty acids in acorns from Quercus ilex, Quercus rotundifolia, and Quercus suber. The concentration of oleic acid was >63% of total fatty acids in all cases, followed by palmitic and linoleic acids at similar concentrations (12-20%). The concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in Q. rotundifolia, Q. ilex, and Q. suber were 19, 31, and 38 mg/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively, whereas the concentrations of gamma-tocopherol were 113, 66, and 74 mg/kg of DM, respectively. Thirty-two different phenolic compounds were distinguished. All of them were gallic acid derivatives, in the form of either galloyl esters of glucose, combinations of galloyl and hexahydroxydiphenoyl esters of glucose, tergallic O- or C-glucosides, or ellagic acid derivatives. Several tergallic acid C-glucosides were also present in the extracts obtained from Q. suber. Acorns from Q. ilex and Q. rotundifolia showed similar polyphenol patterns mainly with gallic acid-like spectra. Chromatograms of Q. suber showed mainly polyphenols with ellagic acid-like spectra. Valoneic acid dilactone was especially abundant in Q. suber skin. The contribution of skin to the total phenolics of the acorn was relatively small in Q. rotundifolia and Q. ilex but relatively high in Q. suber. Skin extracts from Q. suber, Q. rotundifolia, and Q. ilex showed 1.3, 1.4, and 1.0 antioxidant efficiencies, respectively (compared to that of butylhydroxyanisole). Endosperm extracts showed lower capacity to prevent lipid peroxidation than skin extracts.

  11. Distinción de especies del género Persea mediante RAPD e ISSR de ADN

    OpenAIRE

    Reyes-Alemán, Juan Carlos; Valadez-Moctezuma, Ernestina; Simuta-Velázco, Lisandro; Barrientos-Priego, Alejandro Facundo; Gallegos-Vázquez, Clemente

    2013-01-01

    Con la finalidad de establecer bases para diferenciar parte de la diversidad genética de Persea y en especial del subgénero Persea resguardado en la colección nacional de germoplasma de aguacate de México, se estudiaron ocho especies (P. americana, P. steyermarkii, P. schiedeana, P. lingue, P. nubigena, P. floccosa, P. cinerascens y P. indica) con marcadores moleculares mediante las técnicas de RAPD e ISSR, donde los productos de PCR fueron separados en geles de acrilamida. Las huellas de ADN...

  12. Generación de escenarios de planificación de redes mediante técnicas OLAP

    OpenAIRE

    Ramos García, Jesús

    2015-01-01

    RESUMEN: Debido a la gran cantidad de datos que a veces se tienen que manejar, es necesario el uso de herramientas que se encarguen de almacenar, reducir, extraer, analizar, procesar o modificar dichos datos de la forma más rápida y sencilla posible. Las bases de datos multidimensionales, con el nombre de cubo OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing) se encargan de representar la información elegida de forma multidimensional, es decir, mediante cubos de varias dimensiones, haciendo que dicha info...

  13. Teleoperación de un robot mindstorm mediante técnicas de visión artificial

    OpenAIRE

    Méndez Rodríguez, Eduardo

    2011-01-01

    Las tres partes tratadas son la teleoperacióon (principalmente con comunicaciones mediante bluetooth), la visión arti cial para elementos móviles en tiempo real y proyectos realizados con el Mindstorm NXT. Hay que destacar que en los dos primeros campos hay innumerables aplicaciones debido a que ambos campos siguen hoy en día bajo invetigación en busca de lograr mejoras tecnológicas, también los proyectos con el Mindstorm están creciendo exponencialmente, mayormente debido a...

  14. Proyectar con la naturaleza mediante la Metodología de los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental en ordenaciones residenciales

    OpenAIRE

    Higueras García, Esther

    2013-01-01

    Proyectar con la naturaleza mediante la Metodología de los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental en ordenaciones residenciales .- Procedimiento de acción en la planificación ambiental .- Las técnicas de agregación de impactos .- Las afecciones de los planes de ordenación sobre el territorio. .- Las medidas preventivas y correctoras de planes .- Evaluación critica de los estudios de impacto ambiental

  15. Simulación del perfil tensión-corriente para paneles solares mediante convertidor CC-CC reductor

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz Palaguachi, Henry Patricio; Patiño Guiracocha, Claudio Vinicio

    2017-01-01

    El desarrollo de este proyecto tiene como objetivo la reconstrucción del perfil tensión-corriente para paneles solares ante diferentes condiciones de funcionamiento al variar la temperatura e irradiancia. Este perfil se logra con el control de un convertidor reductor de tipo conmutado mediante controladores de corriente y tensión. In this work the emulation of voltage-current profiles for photovoltaic panels is developed for different operating conditions, specifically for variations in ir...

  16. Ritual Black Drink consumption at Cahokia

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crown, Patricia L.; Emerson, Thomas E.; Gu, Jiyan; Hurst, W. Jeffrey; Pauketat, Timothy R.; Ward, Timothy

    2012-01-01

    Chemical analyses of organic residues in fragments of pottery from the large site of Cahokia and surrounding smaller sites in Illinois reveal theobromine, caffeine, and ursolic acid, biomarkers for species of Ilex (holly) used to prepare the ritually important Black Drink. As recorded during the historic period, men consumed Black Drink in portions of the American Southeast for ritual purification. This first demonstrated discovery of biomarkers for Ilex occurs in beaker vessels dating between A.D. 1050 and 1250 from Cahokia, located far north of the known range of the holly species used to prepare Black Drink during historic times. The association of Ilex and beaker vessels indicates a sustained ritual consumption of a caffeine-laced drink made from the leaves of plants grown in the southern United States. PMID:22869743

  17. Optimización topológica y fabricación aditiva de un soporte aeronáutico mediante sinterizado láser de acero inoxidable 15-5PH

    OpenAIRE

    Marchal Montes, Álvaro

    2016-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajó será la aplicación de la optimización topológica a un soporte usado en el sector aeronáutico para reducir su masa que posteriormente se fabricará mediante fabricación aditiva con tecnología DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) en acero inoxidable 15-5PH. Para llegar a una buena optimización topológica será necesario estudiar todos los caminos de optimización posibles hasta llegar a una correcta mediante softwares adecuados además de adaptarla a la fabricación ad...

  18. Diseño y generación de transmisiones de potencia por correa trapecial en Solidworks mediante una aplicación en Visual Basic

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aeljandro Ozaeta Eidelman

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta el procedimiento de diseño de transmisiones de potencia por correa trapecial según la norma BS 3790, mediante una aplicación desarrollada en Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 y utilizando el lenguaje de programación Visual Basic. El programa utiliza los parámetros de operación de la transmisión ingresada por el usuario, y mediante los cálculos estandarizados y una base de datos conformada por diversos catálogos de poleas y correas, muestra todas las transmisiones que satisfacen los requerimientos ingresados; además, permite la generación del modelo sólido de cada transmisión en SolidWorks.

  19. Medida de la evapotranspiración real en coberturas vegetales semiáridas (Cuenca de Mula, Murcia), según las varicaciones de humedad del suelo medidas mediante el procedimiento (TDR)

    OpenAIRE

    Belmonte Serrato, Francisco; Romero Díaz, María Asunción

    2006-01-01

    En este trabajo se presenta un método de medida directa de la Evapotranspiración Real (ETR) bajo distintas coberturas vegetales, basado en las diferencias de humedad en el suelo medidas mediante el procedimiento TDR, en un intervalo temporal de 15 días y su comparación con los valores calculados mediante el método de Thornthwaite, que usa la temperatura media como parámetro fundamental. Los resultados demuestran la validez del método utilizado, habiendo obtenido valores de E...

  20. Producción de biodiesel de aceite crudo de palma mediante catálisis heterogénea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Cardeño

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió la producción de biodiesel de aceite crudo de palma mediante el uso de catalizadores heterogéneos ácidos y básicos para las etapas de preesterificación y transesterificación respectivamente. La pre-esterificación es necesaria para aceites con una acidez superior al 4% de ácidos grasos libres, ya que se evitan los problemas asociados con la formación de jabones. En ambas reacciones las variables analizadas fueron el tipo de catalizador, la temperatura y el tiempo. Se analizó la conversión del aceite a metilésteres usando cromatografía gaseosa y la estabilidad de los catalizadores mediante su reutilización. En la etapa de pre-esterificación se encontró que catalizadores ácidos del tipo resinas de poliestireno sulfonadas presentan conversiones superiores al 87% estabilidad para la esterificación de los ácidos grasos libres. Para la transesterificación se estudiaron como catalizadores heterogéneos, el carbonato de potasio libre y soportado en una matriz polimérica, obteniéndose con ambos conversiones superiores a 95 % de biodiesel; con el uso del soporte polimérico se disminuyó la velocidad de disolución de carbonato de potasio, permitiendo su reutilización hasta 10 reutilizaciones.

  1. Modificación de la personalidad mediante una terapia cognitivo-conductual de afrontamiento al estrés

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julia Linares-Ortiz

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio ha sido comprobar la posibilidad de modulación de variables de personalidad (tales como algunos de los Cinco Grandes Factores, o la personalidad resistente a través de la aplicación de un programa de afrontamiento del estrés. Para ello, han participado 26 personas del ámbito universitario con alto estrés percibido, distribuidas en dos grupos (grupo de tratamiento y grupo de control. Los instrumentos de evaluación seleccionados se clasificaron en dos grupos: variables psicológicas y emocionales y variables de personalidad. Los resultados encontrados mediantes un ANOVA de medidas repetidas mostraron que existía interacción momento x grupo en las variables optimismo, extraversión y responsabilidad, correspondientes al Modelo de los Cinco Grandes Factores, mostrando un incremento de las puntuaciones en estas variables en el grupo terapia y no encontrándose dicha interacción en el grupo control. Las puntuaciones en los componentes de neuroticismo, amabilidad, apertura a la experiencia y personalidad resistente no se modificaron en ninguno de los dos grupos. Este estudio apoya la idea de que modificando determinados parámetros emocionales relacionados con el estrés mediante terapia cognitivo-conductual se pueden ver modulados algunos factores de personalidad.

  2. DETECCIÓN Y AISLAMIENTO ROBUSTO DE FALLAS MEDIANTE OBSERVADORES CON ENTRADAS DESCONOCIDAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JUAN ANZUREZ MARÍN

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo se muestra una metodología de diseño de observadores con entradas desconocidas para la solución del problema de Detección de Fallas. La técnica propuesta se basa principalmente en la observación de señales de error conocidas como residuos, las cuales se obtienen mediante la diferencia entre la salida actual del sistema y la salida estimada. Un observador con entradas desconocidas tiene la particularidad de que su vector de error de estimación tiende a cero asintóticamente, sin considerar la presencia de las entradas desconocidas o perturbaciones en el sistema. El algoritmo de detección se aplica satisfactoriamente en un sistema hidráulico de nivel de líquido tanto en simulación como en tiempo real.

  3. Refuerzo de puentes por cambio de esquema estructural: optimización mediante algoritmo genético

    OpenAIRE

    Valenzuela, Matías A.; Casas Rius, Joan Ramon

    2011-01-01

    La presente comunicación entrega un estudio detallado del proceso constructivo y de tesado para el refuerzo de puentes con tipología longitudinal de vigas continuas convirtiéndolos en puentes en arco atirantado (tipo network). Se presentan las etapas básicas propuestas en aspectos de construcción, se establecen las hipótesis del estudio de tesado e implementa el método de tesado a partir de la optimización automatizada mediante algoritmos genéticos, definiendo criterios como: variables de ...

  4. Análisis del yeso empleado en revestimientos exteriores mediante técnicas geológicas

    OpenAIRE

    Sanz Arauz, David

    2011-01-01

    El presente trabajo se centra en el yeso fabricado en hornos tradicionales y empleado históricamente para la ejecución de revestimientos exteriores. Para ello se realiza un estudio documental y un trabajo experimental mediante técnicas geológicas. En el estudio documental se ha pasado revisión a la historia del yeso como material de construcción con especial atención a su empleo en revestimientos exteriores, desde la antigüedad hasta mitad del siglo XX, momento en el que la industrializaci...

  5. Generación de experiencias visuales en ciegos mediante estimulación táctil repetitiva

    OpenAIRE

    Tomás Ortiz; Juan M. Santos

    2012-01-01

    Estudios recientes de nuestro laboratorio han establecido que se puede generar una activación estable del córtex visual en ciegos mediante entrenamiento táctil pasivo prolongado. Esta neuroplasticidad cortical se acompaña en un 40% de los participantes invidentes de sensaciones visuales, así como de una mayor rapidez en el reconocimiento táctil de información espacial tales como líneas, iconos o imágenes, y es crucial para su correcta interpretación. Estos hallazgos pueden ser útiles para el ...

  6. Análisis del yeso empleado en revestimientos exteriores mediante técnicas geológicas

    OpenAIRE

    Sanz Arauz, David

    2009-01-01

    El presente trabajo se centra en el yeso fabricado en hornos tradicionales y empleado históricamente para la ejecución de revestimientos exteriores. Para ello se realiza un estudio documental y un trabajo experimental mediante técnicas geológicas. En el estudio documental se ha pasado revisión a la historia del yeso como material de construcción con especial atención a su empleo en revestimientos exteriores, desde la antigüedad hasta mitad del siglo XX, momento en el que la industrializaci...

  7. Control de bacteriemia nosocomial pediátrica mediante un programa de cultivo de soluciones parenterales en uso

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz Juan M.; Macías Alejandro E.; Guerrero Francisco J.; Hernández Isabel; Medina Humberto; Vargas Enrique

    1999-01-01

    OBJETIVO. Dado que Klebsiella, Enterobacter y Serratia se multiplican en soluciones parenterales y son responsables de una elevada proporción de bacteriemias en los hospitales de México, se propone una estrategia de control mediante la vigilancia microbiológica de las soluciones en uso. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Hospital de enseñanza de segundo nivel con 193 camas. Atiende principalmente pacientes de escasos recursos. En 1992 se inició la vigilancia de la esterilidad de las soluciones parenterales ...

  8. DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL DE LA TUBERCULOSIS EN ESPAÑA MEDIANTE MÉTODOS GEOESTADÍSTICOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana Gómez-Barroso

    2009-01-01

    Las tasas de TB respiratoria experimentan un descenso constante en los últimos años. El objetivo es valorar la asociación entre la morbilidad por TB respiratoria y variables socioeconómicas y epidemiológicas así como su distribución espacial mediante métodos geoestadísticos. Método: Las tasas de incidencia se estandarizaron por edad y sexo con datos de la Red Nacional de Vigilancia (2006. Las variables socioeconómicas incluidas son: condición socioeconómica, nivel de estudios, tasa de hacinamiento, densidad de población, tasa de inmigración estandarizada por sexo, tasa de analfabetismo, tasa de paro, gasto medio en euros por persona. Las variables epidemiológicas incluidas han sido la tasa de SIDA y la tasa de incidencia de gripe. Se realizó un análisis multivariable mediante un Modelo Lineal Generalizado poisson. Se aplicó la técnica geoestadística Cokringing ajustada por las variables estadísticamente significativas para ver la distribución espacial de riesgo. Resultados: Las variables estadísticamente significativas son la tasa de hacinamiento, tasa de inmigración, tasa de analfabetismo, tasa de paro, gasto medio euros por persona, tasa de gripe y tasa de sida. La técnica geoestadística muestra una variabilidad espacial del riesgo y una concentración del riesgo en el noroeste y sureste de la península. Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten afirmar que el método Cokriging es una herramienta útil para representar la distribución espacial del riesgo. Existe asociación entre variables socioeconómicas, epidemiológicas y TB en España.

  9. Sistema constructivo industrializado in situ COTaCERO : transferencia tecnológica: construcción de depósitos-ejecución de viviendas en altura mediante paneles portantes de acero

    OpenAIRE

    Hermo Sánchez, Víctor Manuel

    2013-01-01

    [Resumen] Esta investigación comprende diseño y comprobación del sistema constructivo industrializado in situ COTaCERO. Transferencia tecnológica: construcción de depósitos mediante elevación de secciones desde el nivel del terreno con gatos hidráulicos - ejecución de viviendas en altura mediante paneles portantes de acero. Se analizan tres experiencias constructivas: - “La casa por el tejado”. La ejecución de edificaciones por elevación desde el nivel del terreno, “lift slab” y s...

  10. Changes in water content and distribution in Quercus ilex leaves during progressive drought assessed by in vivo 1H magnetic resonance imaging.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sardans, Jordi; Peñuelas, Josep; Lope-Piedrafita, Silvia

    2010-08-24

    Drought is a common stressor in many regions of the world and current climatic global circulation models predict further increases in warming and drought in the coming decades in several of these regions, such as the Mediterranean basin. The changes in leaf water content, distribution and dynamics in plant tissues under different soil water availabilities are not well known. In order to fill this gap, in the present report we describe our study withholding the irrigation of the seedlings of Quercus ilex, the dominant tree species in the evergreen forests of many areas of the Mediterranean Basin. We have monitored the gradual changes in water content in the different leaf areas, in vivo and non-invasively, by 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using proton density weighted (rhow) images and spin-spin relaxation time (T2) maps. Rhow images showed that the distal leaf area lost water faster than the basal area and that after four weeks of similar losses, the water reduction was greater in leaf veins than in leaf parenchyma areas and also in distal than in basal leaf area. There was a similar tendency in all different areas and tissues, of increasing T2 values during the drought period. This indicates an increase in the dynamics of free water, suggesting a decrease of cell membranes permeability. The results indicate a non homogeneous leaf response to stress with a differentiated capacity to mobilize water between its different parts and tissues. This study shows that the MRI technique can be a useful tool to follow non-intrusively the in vivo water content changes in the different parts of the leaves during drought stress. It opens up new possibilities to better characterize the associated physiological changes and provides important information about the different responses of the different leaf areas what should be taken into account when conducting physiological and metabolic drought stress studies in different parts of the leaves during drought stress.

  11. Changes in water content and distribution in Quercus ilex leaves during progressive drought assessed by in vivo 1H magnetic resonance imaging

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sardans Jordi

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Drought is a common stressor in many regions of the world and current climatic global circulation models predict further increases in warming and drought in the coming decades in several of these regions, such as the Mediterranean basin. The changes in leaf water content, distribution and dynamics in plant tissues under different soil water availabilities are not well known. In order to fill this gap, in the present report we describe our study withholding the irrigation of the seedlings of Quercus ilex, the dominant tree species in the evergreen forests of many areas of the Mediterranean Basin. We have monitored the gradual changes in water content in the different leaf areas, in vivo and non-invasively, by 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI using proton density weighted (ρw images and spin-spin relaxation time (T2 maps. Results ρw images showed that the distal leaf area lost water faster than the basal area and that after four weeks of similar losses, the water reduction was greater in leaf veins than in leaf parenchyma areas and also in distal than in basal leaf area. There was a similar tendency in all different areas and tissues, of increasing T2 values during the drought period. This indicates an increase in the dynamics of free water, suggesting a decrease of cell membranes permeability. Conclusions The results indicate a non homogeneous leaf response to stress with a differentiated capacity to mobilize water between its different parts and tissues. This study shows that the MRI technique can be a useful tool to follow non-intrusively the in vivo water content changes in the different parts of the leaves during drought stress. It opens up new possibilities to better characterize the associated physiological changes and provides important information about the different responses of the different leaf areas what should be taken into account when conducting physiological and metabolic drought stress studies in

  12. Crescimento inicial de mudas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. em três classes de solos, na região central do Rio Grande do Sul

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Luiz Saidelles Fleig

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available The experiments were installed in three sites with different soil classes but with similar climatic conditions using different fertilization treatment to study initial plant growth of "Erva-mate". The sites were located on an Entisol and two Alfisols and plantation was perfomed using organic compost, no fertilizer, one half and full dosage of N-P-K recommended. The initial growth was evaluated measuring absolute increment in plant height, total plant leaf area and plant leaf number at four times during the first year. The experiments were installed in September of 1998 and in February 1, 1999 plant survival was measured. Chemical fertilization reduced the final survival, whereas, the use of 1 kg of organic compost and nofertilization at planting induced higher plant stand and initial growth as measured by absolute increment in total plant leaf area and height. There was a significant effect of soil type, where, the higher increment in total leaf area and leaf number was observed at the site with shallow and naturally most fertile soil, the Entisol.

  13. Crescimento inicial de mudas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. em três classes de solos, na região central do Rio Grande do Sul.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Luiz Fleig Saidelles

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available O experimento foi instalado em três sítios, com condições climáticas semelhantes e com diferentes classes de solos. Foram usados diferentes tratamentos de adubação para o plantio das mudas de erva-mate, visando ao estudo de efeito destes sobre o seu crescimento inicial. Os sítios apresentam solos classificados como Plintossolo Argilúvico, Alissolo Cromico e Neossolo Litólico, sendo que os tratamentos foram: vermicomposto, tratamento sem fertilizante, ½ dose recomendada de N-P-K e a dose recomendada de N-P-K. O crescimento inicial foi avaliado medindo-se o incremento absoluto em altura, área foliar total e número de folhas da planta, em quatro períodos, durante o primeiro ano. Também, foi avaliado o percentual de plantas sobreviventes cinco meses após o plantio das mudas. A fertilização química reduziu o número de plantas sobreviventes, enquanto que, o uso de vermicomposto e o tratamento sem fertilizantes no plantio induziram maior sobrevivência e maior altura das plantas. Não houve diferença na área foliar e número de folhas para as formas de adubação no plantio. O maior incremento na área foliar total e no número de folhas foi observado no sítio com solo raso e com maior fertilidade natural, o Neossolo Litólico.

  14. Evaluación del pavimento de la carretera “cumbe – oña (tramo i)” de 20 km de longitud, ubicada en la provincia del Azuay mediante equipos de auscultación vial

    OpenAIRE

    Bravo Castro, María Fernanda

    2011-01-01

    Evaluacion del Pavimento de la Carretera “Cumbe – Oña (Tramo I)” de 20 Km de longitud, ubicada en la Provincia del Azuay mediante Equipos de Auscultación Vial Evaluacion del Pavimento de la Carretera “Cumbe – Oña (Tramo I)” de 20 Km de longitud, ubicada en la Provincia del Azuay mediante Equipos de Auscultación Vial

  15. Reconocimiento del habla mediante el uso de la correlación cruzada y una perceptrón multicapa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos A. de Luna-Ortega

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo se da a conocer una alternativa algorítimica a los sistemas actuales de reconocimiento automático del habla (ASR, mediante una propuesta en la forma de realizar la caracterización de las palabras basada en una aproximación que usa la extracción de coeficientes de la codificación de predicción lineal (LPC y la correlación cruzada. La implementación consiste en extraer las características fonéticas mediante los coeficientes LPC, después se forman vectores de patrones de la pronunciación conformados por el promedio de los coeficientes LPC de las muestras de las palabras obteniendo un vector característico de cada pronunciación mediante la autocorrelación de las secuencias de coeficientes LPC; estos vectores se utilizan para entrenar un clasificador de tipo perceptrón multicapa (MLP. Se realizaron pruebas de desempeño previo entrenamiento con los diferentes patrones de las palabras a reconocer. Se utilizó la fonética de los dígitos del cero al nueve como vocabulario objetivo, debido a su amplia aplicación, y para estimar el desempeño de este método se utilizaron dos corpus de pronunciaciones: el corpus UPA, que contempla en su base de datos la pronuncación de la región occidente de México, y el corpus Tlatoa, que hace lo propio para la región centro de México. Las señales en ambos corpus fueron adquiridas en el lenguaje español, y a una frecuencia de muestreo de 8kHz. Los porcentajes de reconocimiento obtenidos fueron del 96.7 y 93.3% para las modalidades de mono-locutor para el corpus UPA y múltiple-locutor para el corpus Tlatoa, respectivamente. Asimismo, se realizó una comparación contra dos métodos clásicos del reconocimiento de voz y del habla, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW y Hidden Markov Models (HMM.

  16. Control estadístico de la calidad de un servicio mediante Gráficas X y R

    OpenAIRE

    Alberto Isaac Pierdant Rodríguez; Jesús Rodríguez Franco

    2009-01-01

    Las empresas y organismos públicos que proporcionan servicios en México no utilizan frecuentemente técnicas cuantitativas para el control de calidad de dicho servicio, por lo que este trabajo representa una propuesta de control de calidad mediante herramientas simples de control estadístico de calidad. Existen diversas técnicas cualitativas y pocas técnicas cuantitativas como las gráficas, que nos permiten determinar si la prestación de un servicio se encuentra bajo control; es decir, verific...

  17. Proyecto Arquitectónico Energéticamente Eficiente Mediante Gramáticas de Formas y Aprendizaje por Refuerzo

    OpenAIRE

    Gavilanes-Velaz-de-Medrano, Juan; Hidalgo, Pablo; Belmonte, David; Mandow-Andaluz, Lorenzo; Ruiz-Montiel, Manuela

    2015-01-01

    En este trabajo presentamos un sistema para la generación de esquemas de viviendas unifamiliares energéticamente eficientes. Los esquemas se sintetizan mediante la ejecución de gramáticas de formas simples, entrenadas por medio de técnicas de aprendizaje por refuerzo, teniendo en cuenta criterios tanto de habitabilidad como de eficiencia energética. Los resultados obtenidos son analizados y validados Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.

  18. Módulo de identificación biométrica mediante huellas dactilares para sistemas empotrados

    OpenAIRE

    Juste Meco, Rubén

    2010-01-01

    La seguridad es uno de los temas que más preocupan en la actualidad, pero no solo en lo referente a la integridad física del individuo, sino también en lo concerniente a la protección de sus bienes o datos. En la sociedad actual se hace uso de multitud de servicios electrónicos para disfrutar de los bienes, e-banking, compras mediante el uso de tarjetas de crédito, e-mail, e-shopping; y dispositivos electrónicos para acceder a los datos, PCs, PDAs, Teléfonos Móviles y demás. Sin una seguridad...

  19. Generación de nuevos significados, mediante la metonimia, en el parlache

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel Pérez Sánchez

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available Reconociendo la incidencia del cambio semántico en el argot, se analiza aquí el papel de la metonimia como mecanismo de generación de nuevos significados en el argot juvenil de Medellín (Colombia, conocido como parlache. Como punto de partida, se delimita el concepto de argot y se clarifica lo que aquí se entiende por metonimia. Tras estas precisiones, se analiza una muestra de doce significados argóticos generados a partir de unidades ya existentes y mediante procesos metonímicos. Por último, como resultados, se observan tendencias dentro de la muestra en la utilización mayoritaria de ciertos tipos de metonimia. Así mismo, se vislumbra que en la muestra priman principios cognitivos universales como ''típico sobre atípico'', ''corporal sobre mental'', ''concreto sobre abstracto'', entre otros, a la hora de elegir los conceptos fuente.

  20. Prueba de homogeneidad de la dispersión para datos de proporción sobredispersos mediante regresión beta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Morales

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se propone un procedimiento para verificar la hipótesis de homogeneidad del parámetro de dispersión usando regresión beta, cuando se tienen datos de proporción sobredispersos. Se demuestra que es posible analizar este tipo de datos usando un modelo lineal generalizado usual ponderado, con pesos obtenidos mediante la regresión beta. Esta forma de proceder permite corregir el problema de la dispersión extra, manteniendo la sencillez del análisis. Además, para algunos casos particulares, se evalúa mediante un estudio de simulación, la potencia de la prueba. Abstract. In this paper we propose an approach to validate the hypothesis of homogeneity of the dispersion parameter using beta regression, when we have overdispersed proportions data. We corroborated that it is possible to analyze this type of data with an usual weighted generalized linear model, weighting the observations with weights obtained through beta regression. This procedure allows to correct the problem of overdispersion keeping the simplicity of the analysis. Furthermore, for several cases, we made a simulation study of the power of the test.

  1. Elaboración de aleaciones de Cu-Al-Ni con efecto memoria de forma mediante pulvimetalurgia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pérez-Sáez, R. B.

    1998-05-01

    Full Text Available During the production of shape memory alloys, a very fine grain size should be obtained in order to obtain better mechanical properties and a good thermomechanical behaviour during cycling. The classically used grain refiners show some secondary effects on the martensitic transformations that could be at the origin of some technological problems. For this reason, a new processing method by powder metallurgy has been developed for this kind of alloys. The three proceeding stages are described: Atomization, hot isostatic pressing and hot rolling. The microstructure of the materials is characterized. The martensitic transformation and the thermomechanical properties are also studied.

    En la elaboración de aleaciones Cu-Al-Ni con efecto memoria de forma es importante conseguir un tamaño de grano fino, para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas y el comportamiento durante el ciclado termomecánico. Clásicamente, esto se ha conseguido mediante la adición de refinadores de grano; sin embargo, los efectos secundarios que éstos producen pueden ser problemáticos. Por esta razón, se ha desarrollado un nuevo método de procesado de este tipo de aleaciones mediante pulvimetalurgia. En este trabajo se presenta el proceso de elaboración consistente en tres etapas: atomización, compactación isostática en caliente y laminación en caliente. Se estudia la microestructura del material, se caracteriza la transformación martensítica y se determinan las propiedades termomecánicas.

  2. Recubrimiento de cobre sobre Al2O3 mediante reducción autocatalítica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gómez de Salazar, J. M.

    1998-05-01

    Full Text Available A method for obtaining copper coatings on ceramic tenacious substrates as the alumina is described. Its principal applications are found in the electronic industry; they can also be employed as interlayer on metal-ceramic disimilar bondings produced by solid state welding or brazing. Optimal activation conditions were determined as well as the influence of the substrate surface preparation and the deposition rate on the adhesion. The kinetics study of the process was carried out by gravimetric and electrochemical methods.

    Se describe un método para la obtención de recubrimientos de cobre sobre un cerámico tenaz, como es la alúmina. Entre sus principales aplicaciones se encuentra la industria electrónica, aunque también pueden emplearse como intermediarios en las uniones disimilares metal-cerámico realizadas mediante soldadura en estado sólido o soldadura fuerte. Se determinan las condiciones óptimas de activación y la influencia de la preparación superficial del substrato, así como de la velocidad de deposición sobre la adherencia de la capa de cobre. El estudio cinético del proceso se realizó mediante ensayos electroquímicos.

  3. PRODUCCIÓN DE UNA ALEACIÓN NANOESTRUCTURADA FeAl MEDIANTE ALEACIÓN MECÁNICA Y SU CARACTERIZACIÓN MICROESTRUCTURAL

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roberto. A. Rodríguez-Díaz

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se elaboró la aleación Fe40Al mediante la técnica de aleación mecánica (AM a partir de una mezcla de polvos elementales de Fe y Al, empleando distintos tiempos de molienda. Se caracterizó la evolución en tamaño y morfología de los polvos empleados en el proceso de AM en función del tiempo de molienda mediante la técnica de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB. Se empleó la técnica de Difracción de Rayos X (DRX para caracterizar la evolución de la estructura cristalina de las fases obtenidas en función del tiempo de molienda. La aleación Fe40Al con estructura cristalina desordenada del tipo cúbico centrado en el cuerpo se formó a las 20 h de molienda. El tamaño nano-métrico de grano correspondiente a la aleación desordenada Fe40Al se redujo con el transcurso del tiempo mientras que su parámetro de red se incrementó con el transcurso del tiempo de molienda.

  4. Control de bacteriemia nosocomial pediátrica mediante un programa de cultivo de soluciones parenterales en uso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muñoz Juan M.

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO. Dado que Klebsiella, Enterobacter y Serratia se multiplican en soluciones parenterales y son responsables de una elevada proporción de bacteriemias en los hospitales de México, se propone una estrategia de control mediante la vigilancia microbiológica de las soluciones en uso. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Hospital de enseñanza de segundo nivel con 193 camas. Atiende principalmente pacientes de escasos recursos. En 1992 se inició la vigilancia de la esterilidad de las soluciones parenterales en los servicios pediátricos mediante cuatro estrategias: durante la primera etapa se cultivó el total de soluciones en uso. Durante la segunda se cultivaron muestras aleatoriamente elegidas. Tercera y cuarta etapas con muestreo controlado y dirigido, respectivamente. RESULTADOS. Se han cultivado 1940 infusiones. Se ha observado una reducción de la tasa de contaminación (de 29.6% en 1992 a 12.9% en 1997, p< 0.001. Asimismo se redujo la proporción de bacilos gramnegativos aislados en sangre (72.7% vs 40.85%, p< 0.001 y las bacteriemias nosocomiales primarias (BNP (3.12 vs 1.54 por 100 egresos, p< 0.0001. CONCLUSIONES. La detección de contaminantes señala posibles fallas en el manejo parenteral, áreas de riesgo y pacientes potencialmente afectados. El programa permite estudiar el nivel endémico de contaminación de infusiones y limitar los brotes de bacteriemias nosocomiales primarias a un costo bajo.

  5. Tratamiento de las osteitis diafisarias de tibia mediante sinostosis tibioperonea y resección ósea

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Sabaté, Alfons; Riu Labrador, R.; Moreta Munujos, D.; Cáceres Palou, Enrique

    1984-01-01

    El tratamiento de las osteítis crónicas de la diáfisis tibial obliga a menudo a practicar una amplia resección para alcanzar el tejido óseo sano y esta exigencia operatoria debilita la diáfisis. Para obviar la fractura operatoria o posterior por fatiga y para facilitar la resección sin temor se ha utilizado una táctica quirúrgica consistente en una solidarización tibioperonea que construye un residente eje en la pierna ya sea mediante injerto intertibioperoneo ya con peroné protibia de Zanoli...

  6. Indefensión producida por emplazamiento mediante edictos sin previo agotamiento de las vías ordinarias de comunicación personal

    OpenAIRE

    Vegas Torres, Jaime

    1994-01-01

    Al hilo del comentario de la STC 103/1993, se hace un completo repaso de los precedentes en la doctrina del TC sobre indefensión originada por actos de comunicación mediante edictos sin haber agotado antes las vías ordinarias de comunicación personal. Derecho Público II

  7. Dampening effects of long-term experimental drought on growth and mortality rates of a Holm oak forest.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barbeta, Adrià; Ogaya, Romà; Peñuelas, Josep

    2013-10-01

    Forests respond to increasing intensities and frequencies of drought by reducing growth and with higher tree mortality rates. Little is known, however, about the long-term consequences of generally drier conditions and more frequent extreme droughts. A Holm oak forest was exposed to experimental rainfall manipulation for 13 years to study the effect of increasing drought on growth and mortality of the dominant species Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia, and Arbutus unedo. The drought treatment reduced stem growth of A. unedo (-66.5%) and Q. ilex (-17.5%), whereas P. latifolia remained unaffected. Higher stem mortality rates were noticeable in Q. ilex (+42.3%), but not in the other two species. Stem growth was a function of the drought index of early spring in the three species. Stem mortality rates depended on the drought index of winter and spring for Q. ilex and in spring and summer for P. latifolia, but showed no relation to climate in A. unedo. Following a long and intense drought (2005-2006), stem growth of Q. ilex and P. latifolia increased, whereas it decreased in A. unedo. Q. ilex also enhanced its survival after this period. Furthermore, the effect of drought treatment on stem growth in Q. ilex and A. unedo was attenuated as the study progressed. These results highlight the different vulnerabilities of Mediterranean species to more frequent and intense droughts, which may lead to partial species substitution and changes in forest structure and thus in carbon uptake. The response to drought, however, changed over time. Decreased intra- and interspecific competition after extreme events with high mortality, together with probable morphological and physiological acclimation to drought during the study period, may, at least in the short term, buffer forests against drier conditions. The long-term effects of drought consequently deserve more attention, because the ecosystemic responses are unlikely to be stable over time.Nontechnical summaryIn this study, we

  8. Desarrollo de intermetálicos TiAl mediante técnicas pulvimetalúrgicas convencionales y de alta densificación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vicente Amigó-Borrás

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Cada día hay más demanda de materiales que ofrezcan altas temperaturas de servicio y bajo peso; pero su fabricación es compleja y costosa, particularmente la de las superaleaciones de base cobalto y la de las aleaciones de titanio; dentro de estas últimas, los intermetálicos TiAl y Ti3Al son ampliamente reconocidos para satisfacer las necesidades actuales; sin embargo, la colada y forja de estos intermetálicos, que tienen una mejor resistencia frente a la oxidación a elevadas temperaturas, resulta muy compleja, y es por lo que, partiendo de polvo prealeado, se busca obtener productos prácticamente acabados con un coste razonable. El presente trabajo analiza la influencia de las variables de procesado de polvos intermetálicos Ti48Al2Cr2Nb, mediante técnicas pulvimetalúrgicas convencionales y Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS, en su microestructura y en sus propiedades mecánicas. Se obtienen muestras a diferentes temperaturas de sinterización a partir de polvos obtenidos por atomización. La influencia en las propiedades mecánicas se observa mediante su microdureza y resistencia a la compresión, realizándose un seguimiento de la microestructura mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido.Las condiciones de procesado muestran un gran efecto en la microestructura obtenida, fundamentalmente en la formación de la fase α2, que acompaña las propiedades mecánicas finales. Sin embargo, es con el proceso de máxima densificación donde se obtienen las propiedadesadecuadas, lo cual hace pensar que es una alternativa clara a los procesos actuales de colada y deformación plástica.

  9. Control biológico de estados edáficos de tefrítidos (Diptera: Tephritidae) mediante tratamientos de suelo con ascomicetos mitospóricos entomopatógenos (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)

    OpenAIRE

    Garrido-Jurado, Inmaculada

    2012-01-01

    Hasta la fecha, los ascomicetos mitospóricos entomopatógenos (AME) se han empleado con éxito en el control de adultos de tefrítidos en pulverización total del sustrato vegetal, o en pulverización cebo, o mediante la técnica de ¿atracción e infección¿. No obstante, recientemente se ha puesto de manifiesto el potencial de estos AME para el control de estados pre-imaginales de tefrítidos mediante su aplicación al suelo, en la base del árbol, donde el inóculo fúngico está protegido frente a los f...

  10. Estudio de una celda de fabricación flexible mediante la simulación de eventos discretos

    OpenAIRE

    Sanz Lucero, Flavia

    2014-01-01

    En la actualidad las fábricas se ven afectadas por la alta competencia tanto nacional como internacional, y obligadas a mejorar sus procesos productivos para poder continuar siendo competitivas en un mercado cada vez más hostil. El presente proyecto trata de resolver una parte importante de esta mejora: la reducción de los tiempos improductivos o muertos, mediante la búsqueda de una secuencia óptima de alimentación en una celda de fabricación flexible compuesta por máquinas ali...

  11. Metodologías de análisis de túneles excavados con tuneladora mediante el programa Plaxis

    OpenAIRE

    Alcahuaman Villanueva, Victor Abner

    2016-01-01

    El programa de elementos finitos Plaxis se ha convertido en una herramienta popular para diseñar y estudiar túneles excavados mediante máquinas tuneladoras. En el caso de túneles urbanos, los movimientos originados en la excavación son de gran importancia, y se ha observado que en función de la metodología de cálculo seguida en Plaxis los resultados pueden ser muy diferentes. La tesina pretende comparar las diversas metodologías disponibles y establecer criterios para su uso en casos reales....

  12. Eliminación de contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales mediante oxidación avanzada con ozono y ultrasonidos

    OpenAIRE

    Abellán Soler, Manuel; Lardín Mifsut, Carlos; Morales Cavero, Eduardo; Pastor Alcañiz, Laura; Martínez Muro, Juan Luis; Santos Asensi, José María; Ibáñez Martínez, María; Hernández Hernández, Félix

    2013-01-01

    Algunos contaminantes emergentes, principalmente fármacos de diferentes clases así como drogas de abuso, pueden estar presentes en las aguas residuales urbanas, no siendo posible su eliminación mediante las técnicas convencionales de depuración. Se ha realizado un estudio en planta piloto en dos estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales (EDAR), Font de la Pedra (Muro de Alcoy) y Molina de Segura (Murcia), con el fin de determinar la eficacia de eliminación de ciertos ...

  13. GRASA CORPORAL E ÍNDICE ADIPOSO-MUSCULAR ESTIMADOS MEDIANTE IMPEDANCIOMETRÍA EN LA EVALUACIÓN NUTRICIONAL DE MUJERES DE 35 A 55 AÑOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vicente Martín Moreno

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentos: La evaluación nutricional durante la premenopausia y la menopausia tiene un papel relevante para valorar los cambios que acontecen en la mujer. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar los parámetros grasa corporal e índice adiposo- muscular corporal (IAMC estimados mediante impedanciometría respecto al índice de masa corporal (IMC en la definición del estado nutricional y la composición corporal. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Mediante muestreo aleatorio (base de tarjeta sanitaria fueron seleccionadas 30 mujeres de 35 a 55 años, valorándose en ellas la asociación entre grasa corporal e IAMC con el IMC; diferentes estimadores de la distribución de la grasa corporal: circunferencias de la cintura y cresta ilíaca, cocientes cintura-cadera e ilíaca-cadera y diámetros ilíaco y sagital; presiones arteriales sistólica (PAS y diastólica (PAD y niveles plasmáticos de glucosa, colesterol, HDL-colesterol y triglicéridos. Resultados: El porcentaje de grasa corporal correlacionó intensamente (p 33% presentaba un IMC menor de 30. Conclusiones: La estimación de los parámetros grasa corporal e IAMC en mujeres de 35 a 55 años complementa la evaluación nutricional realizada mediante el IMC, aunque para definir su verdadero valor en esta evaluación es necesario establecer los parámetros de normalidad en la población.

  14. Estudio de las propiedades mecánicas en materiales compuestos de matriz aluminio pulvimetalúrgicos conformados mediante forja o extrusión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Busquets, D.

    2005-10-01

    Full Text Available We have developed composite materials from AA6061 aluminium alloy powders used as matrix and ceramics powders of boron carbide, silicon carbide and boron nitride, used as reinforcements in 2.5, 5.0, 1.5 and 10 % vol. by mechanical mixing and milling in planetary mill at 360 rpm vial velocity for 4 h followed of hot stamping and extrusion process on green compacts. Mechanical properties obtained from tensile tests are influenced by the heat treatment, reinforcement fractions and nature. Moreover, these mechanical characteristics are dependent from the processing route. Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis revealed the microstructure of materials and let describe the tripartite relation; structure-processing-properties, of the developed materials.

    Partiendo de polvos de aleación de aluminio AA6061 empleada como matriz y de polvos cerámicos de carburo de boro, carburo de silicio y nitruro de boro, utilizados como refuerzo en fracciones volumétricas de 2,5, 5,0, 7,5 y 10 %, se ban desarrollado materiales compuestos, mediante la mezcla y molienda mecánica de estos polvos, en molino planetario a 360 rpm durante 4 h y posterior estampación y extrusión en caliente de compactos en verde. Las propiedades mecánicas se determinaron mediante ensayos de tracción, observándose gran influencia del tratamiento térmico, contenido y naturaleza del refuerzo, sobre estas propiedades. Por otro lado, se encontró que estas características son igualmente dependientes de la ruta de producción de estos materiales. Los análisis llevados a cabo mediante microscopía óptica y microscopía electrónica de barrido, permitieron describir la relación tripartita, estructura-procesamiento-propiedades, de los materiales aquí desarrollados.

  15. Diseño y Desarrollo del Cuerpo de una Guitarra Eléctrica adaptada al Usuario mediante Tecnologías de Fabricación Aditiva

    OpenAIRE

    de la Herrán García, Gari

    2017-01-01

    El presente TFG recoge el estudio del diseño y desarrollo de una guitarra eléctrica con un cuerpo realizado mediante fabricación aditiva, con posibilidades de parametrización y adaptaciones ergonómicas personales.

  16. COMPARACIÓN MEDIANTE UN ESTUDIO PROSPECTIVO Y ALEATORIZADO DE DOS MÉTODOS DE REPOSICIÓN EN UNIDADES DE ENFERMERÍA EN HOSPITALIZACIÓN POLIVALENTE DE AGUDOS CON ALMACENAMIENTO MEDIANTE DOBLE CAJETÍN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Bernal

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamentos: Los sistemas de almacenamiento mediante doble ca - jetín aumentan la satisfacción del personal de enfermería y disminuyen los inventarios, pero no se conocen las implicaciones de que sea el personal de logística quién determine la necesidad de reposición. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si encomendar dicha responsabilidad a este personal en unidades de hospitalización polivalente de agudos entraña un mayor riesgo de pedidos extraordinarios. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental, prospectivo aleatorizado con enmascaramiento. Los pedidos extraordinarios se consideraron variable de respuesta; los correspondientes a valoraciones del personal de logística se incluyeron en el grupo de intervención y los del personal de enfermería, en el de control. La concordancia entre observadores se analizó con el método de Bland- Altman; la diferencia entre grupos, con la U de Mann-Whitney y se calculó la incidencia acumulada de pedidos extraordinarios y su riesgo relativo. Resultados: La cantidad media solicitada por el personal de logística y el de enfermería fue 29,9 (DE:167,4 y 36 (DE:190 unidades respectiva - mente, la diferencia media entre observadores fue 6,11 (DE:128,95 uni - dades y no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p = 0,430. La incidencia de pedidos extraordinarios fue 0,64% en el grupo de intervención y 0,15% en el de control; el riesgo relativo, 2,31 (0,83 – 6,48 y el número de casos necesarios para un pedido extraordinario, 516. Conclusión: El riesgo de pedidos extraordinarios en unidades de hos - pitalización con almacenamiento mediante doble cajetín no está asociado con la categoría profesional del personal que identifica las necesidades de reposición.

  17. LQAI_b3p2_Determinación de calcio en leche mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica

    OpenAIRE

    Cervera Sanz, Maria Luisa

    2011-01-01

    Determinación de calcio en leche mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con llama, tras la desproteinización con ácido tricloroacético, y empleando lantano para eliminar la interferencia de los fosfatos y como tampón de ionización

  18. REGULACIÓN ECONÓMICA PARA LA TARIFA DE PARQUEADEROS EN BOGOTÁ MEDIANTE PRECIOS MÁXIMOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Andrés Perdomo Calvo

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo principal de este estudio consiste en estimar el valor máximo o techo mediante el cual deberían estar reguladas las tarifas del servicio de parqueadero en Bogotá, a partir de los lineamientos teóricos de la economía del transporte y bajo el criterio de fijación de precios. Los resultados de este análisis se evidencian con base en información primaria (encuestas, modelos de costo total de producción no lineales (Box-Cox y optimización matemática (estática comparativa. Se concluye que el precio por minuto actual se encuentra sobrevalorado.

  19. Informatización de procesos de negocio mediante la ejecución de su modelo gráfico

    OpenAIRE

    Giráldez Betrón, José Ignacio; Gachet Páez, Diego

    2009-01-01

    A pesar de que hay mucho margen de eficiencia del que beneficiarse, muchos procesos de negocio no son informatizados por falta de una tecnología que permita hacerlo a bajo coste (especialmente en cuanto a personal cualificado y tiempo). En este artículo, presentamos una tecnología basada en agentes software que proporciona una respuesta parcial a este problema de costes mediante la ejecución de modelos gráficos de procesos de negocio. De tal forma, el secuenciamiento de acciones elementales n...

  20. Denervación renal percutánea mediante el uso de catéter con balón en pacientes con hipertensión arterial resistente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabel C. Marín-Orozco

    2015-11-01

    El objetivo del presente reporte es describir detalladamente dos casos de hipertensión arterial resistente, tratados mediante ablación con radiofrecuencia con el nuevo dispositivo Vessix® de la compañía Boston Scientific.

  1. Teores de Carbono Orgânico de Seis Espécies Naturais do Ecossistema da Floresta Ombrófi la Mista / Organic Carbon Contents in Six Native Species in the Araucaria Forest Ecosystem

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karla Simone Weber

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Muitas vezes o estoque de carbono de uma floresta é estimado com a aplicação de equações matemáticas que utilizam os teores de carbono para um determinado grupo de espécies. No entanto, isto só é possível se não houver diferenças significativas entre os teores de carbono destas espécies. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho visa analisar estatisticamente os teores de carbono de seis espécies nativas da Floresta Ombrófila Mista, na região sul do estado do Paraná. Foram feitas análises de variância entre os teores de carbono das espécies Myrsine ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav. Spreng. (capororoca, Ocotea porosa (Nees L. Barroso (imbuia, Mimosa scabrella Benth. (bracatinga, Styrax leprosus Hook & Arn. (carne-de-vaca, Symplocos unifl ora (Pohl Benth. (mariamole e Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (erva-mate para verificar se existe variação estatisticamente significativa entre espécies, entre as mesmas partes (casca, fuste, folhagem, galho vivo, galho morto e miscelânea de diferentes espécies e entre diferentes partes da mesma espécie. Os resultados revelam que a folhagem de Styrax leprosus foi à única que se diferenciou das demais, pois possui um baixo teor de carbono. Em todas as outras partes não houve diferenças em função da espécie. A análise entre partes da mesma espécie, revelou que existem padrões diferentes para cada espécie, mas que a porção folhagem sempre concentra os maiores teores de carbono. Desconsiderando a separação em diferentes partes, não houve diferença estatística entre os teores de carbono quando comparados os valores médios de cada espécie.

  2. Avaliação da Qualidade de Amostras de Plantas Medicinais Comercializadas no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renato Pamplona Cardozo Costa

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available Drogas vegetais constituem uma das matérias-primas utilizadas na fabricação de fitoterápicos, além de serem largamente utilizadas pela população como recurso terapêutico. O mercado de produtos derivados de matéria-prima vegetal, com isso, se tornou alvo de investimentos de empresas do setor farmacêutico. O presente trabalho objetivou verificar a qualidade de drogas vegetais comercializadas no mercado brasileiro, utilizando-se conjuntamente métodos de análise simples e de baixo custo.Para tanto , foram usadas amostras de “centela”, “chá verde” e “espinheira santa”, obtidas em estabelecimentos comerciais, sendo sua identidade e qualidade avaliadas por meio de análises anatômicas e microquímicas. O estudo anatômico demonstrou que as três amostras de centela continham Centella asiatica, estando algumas em mau estado de conservação. Os contaminantes desta amostra eram principalmente outras partes do corpo vegetativo de C. asiatica, além de folhas de Poaceae e de outras espécies vegetais. Duas amostras de chá verde foram identificadas como Camellia sinensis e apresentavam caules da mesma espécie como contaminantes. A terceira amostra de chá verde era constituída por Ilex paraguariensis, sendo que folhas de Bambusoideae (Poaceae também foram encontradas. Uma das amostras de espinheira santa era constituída de Sorocea bonplandii. As demais continham folhas e fragmentos de caule de Maytenus ilicifolia. As três amostras de centela apresentaram saponinas triterpênicas. Todas as amostras de chá verde possuíam metilxantinas. Dessas, apenas aquelas constituídas por C. sinensis demonstraram a presença de flavonoides. As amostras de espinheira-santa apresentaram taninos condensados. Desse modo, as metodologias propostas forneceram resultados complementares que podem ser empregados no controle de qualidade de drogas vegetais.

  3. Allomyrina dichotoma (Arthropoda: Insecta Larvae Confer Resistance to Obesity in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Young-Il Yoon

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available To clarify the anti-obesity effect of Allomyrina dichotoma larvae (ADL, we previously reported that ADL block adipocyte differentiation on 3T3-L1 cell lines through downregulation of transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (CEBPA. In this study, we tested whether ADL prevent obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD and further investigated the mechanism underlying the effects of ADL. All mice were maintained on a normal-fat diet (NFD for 1 week and then assigned to one of five treatment groups: (1 NFD; (2 HFD; (3 HFD and 100 mg·kg−1·day−1 ADL; (4 HFD and 3000 mg·kg−1·day−1ADL; or (5 HFD and 3000 mg·kg−1·day−1 yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis, positive control. ADL and yerba mate were administered orally daily. Mice were fed experimental diets and body weight was monitored weekly for 6 weeks. Our results indicated that ADL reduced body weight gain, organ weight and adipose tissue volume in a dose-dependent manner. Body weight gain was approximately 22.4% lower compared to mice fed only HFD, but the difference did not reach the level of statistical significance. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR analysis revealed that gene expression levels of PPARG, CEBPA and lipoprotein lipase (LPL in the epididymal fat tissue of HFD-fed mice receiving 3000 mg·kg−1·day−1 ADL were reduced by 12.4-, 25.7-, and 12.3-fold, respectively, compared to mice fed HFD only. Moreover, mice administered ADL had lower serum levels of triglycerides and leptin than HFD-fed mice that did not receive ADL. Taken together our results suggest that ADL and its constituent bioactive compounds hold potential for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

  4. Aprovechamiento del Lechuguín (Eichhornia Crassipes) para la generación de abono orgánico mediante la utilización de tres diseños diferentes de biodigestores

    OpenAIRE

    López Jerves, Gabriela Nataly

    2012-01-01

    El siguiente estudio se basa en la utilización de la especie "Eichhornia Crassipies" más conocida comúnmente como Lechuguín para la generación de abono orgánico mediante la utilización de tres diseños diferentes de biodigestores. Es así que se implementaron el diseño de biodigestor de bidón, el mismo que es hecho de plástico; el segundo diseño implementado fue el biodigestor de bolsa, realizado con geomembrana y por último el biodigestor de caja fabricado con cemento. Es así que mediante la d...

  5. Proyecto de instalación eléctrica en baja tensión para una vivienda aislada mediante paneles solares y grupo electrógeno, sita en el término municipal de L'Olleria, Valencia

    OpenAIRE

    APARICI DOMENECH, JOSÉ ENRIQUE

    2015-01-01

    [ES] Cálculo de las necesidades de confort y diseño de las instalaciones para habitar una vivienda aislada, mediante energías renovables. Aparici Domenech, JE. (2015). Proyecto de instalación eléctrica en baja tensión para una vivienda aislada mediante paneles solares y grupo electrógeno, sita en el término municipal de L'Olleria, Valencia. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/54564. TFGM

  6. Estudio mediante afm de estructuras de silicalita para la separación de gases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Prádanos, P.

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available In this work, we study films of silicalite crystals used in gas separation processes. These crystals were obtained by hydrothermal synthesis during different times and using different gel composition. They were deposited on an alumina support growing in two preferential directions. Finally, the material was placed in a stove at 480ºC during 8 h in order to remove the structurant agent with heating and cooling rates of 0.5 y 2 ºC/min respectively. The resulting surfaces were analysed by atomic force microscopy (AFM in tapping mode in order to notice the deposition of the silicalite crystals in the indicated directions, and also to distinguish the evolution of the nuclei growth. At the same time, the porous structure of silicalite has been determined, leading to results in good agreement with those obtained by other techniques.

    En este trabajo se han estudiado láminas de silicalita con aplicación en los procesos de separación de gases. Dichas láminas se han depositado mediante síntesis hidrotermal durante distintos tiempos y usando varias composiciones en el gel precursor. La deposición se hizo sobre un soporte de alúmina con crecimiento preferencial en dos direcciones. Finalmente las láminas se calcinaron a 753 K durante 8 h para eliminar el agente estructurante, usando velocidades de calentamiento y enfriamiento de 0.5 y 1 K/min respectivamente. Las superficies resultantes se han analizado mediante microscopía de fuerza atómica en modo de contacto-intermitente (tapping con el fin de ver si efectivamente se ha conseguido depositar cristales de silicalita en las direcciones indicadas y seguir la evolución de crecimiento de los núcleos. Por otro lado, se ha determinado la estructura porosa de la silicalita comprobando que los resultados concuerdan con los obtenidos por otras técnicas.

  7. Eliminación de cromo de efluentes ácidos, mediante adsorción con wollastonita natural

    OpenAIRE

    Martín Antonio Encinas Romero; Luis Alberto Núñez Rodríguez; Agustín Gómez Álvarez; Guillermo Del Carmen Tiburcio Munive

    2015-01-01

    El presente trabajo evalúa las características de la remoción de cromo con wollastonita natural a partir de soluciones sintéticas de cromo (VI) en medio ácido. Para realizar este estudio se desarrolló un diseño factorial 23 en el cual se estudiaron los factores: relación sólido/líquido, concentración de cromo en solución y temperatura. Se analizó el efecto de los factores principales y sus interacciones sobre el porcentaje de remoción de cromo mediante análisis gráficos. Asimismo, se desarr...

  8. Medición de contaminación mediante UAV (Vehículo Aéreo no Tripulado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edwin José Vera-Rozo

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un procedimiento experimental cuyo objetivo es obtener la medición de contaminación en un relleno sanitario (basurero mediante un Vehículo Aéreo no Tripulado (UAV; La metodología utilizada consistió en realizar un procedimiento detallado para la instrumentación de UAV, el cual fue equipamiento con un sistema para la captura y almacenamiento de datos referente a las variables medidas en tiempo real, el cual posteriormente se puso en vuelo y luego se realizo el procesamiento de la información offline; para finalizar se presentan los resultados obtenidos y conclusiones.

  9. Compensación de potencia reactiva mediante bancos asimétricos de capacitores; Reactive Power Compensation by Unbalanced Capacitor Banks

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio Pérez Abril

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available A pesar de que los sistemas de distribución primaria y secundaria son desbalanceados por naturaleza, lacompensación de potencia reactiva en estos sistemas, se realiza comúnmente mediante bancos decondensadores trifásicos balanceados. En este trabajo se presenta la formulación general para el problemade compensación de potencia reactiva en sistemas desbalanceados mediante bancos de condensadoresdesbalanceados. Se presentan cuatro ejemplos de compensación en el secundario de bancos desbalanceadosde transformadores monofásicos. Todos los ejemplos muestran que la compensación por bancosdesbalanceados de capacitores incrementa los beneficios con respecto al uso de bancos balanceados  In spite of the fact that primary and secondary distribution systems are unbalanced by nature, thereactive power compensation on these systems is commonly developed by the use of balanced capacitorbanks. In this paper, the general formulation for the reactive power compensation problem onunbalanced systems with unbalanced capacitor banks is developed. Four examples of reactive powercompensation on the secondary of unbalanced three-phase transformers banks are presented. All theexamples show that the compensation by unbalanced capacitor banks increases the active power lossessaving as well as reduce the transformer’s load and contributes to balance the line currents when the loadis unbalanced.

  10. The impact of packaging materials on the antioxidant phytochemical stability of aqueous infusions of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria) during cold storage.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Youngmok; Welt, Bruce A; Talcott, Stephen T

    2011-05-11

    Ready to drink (RTD) teas are a growing segment in the beverage category, brought about by improvements in the flavor of these products and healthy market trends driven by consumers. The presented results evaluated the antioxidant phytochemical stability of RTD teas from aqueous infusions of traditional green tea (Camellia sinensis) and a botanical tea from yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria) as influenced by packaging materials during cold storage. Two common packaging materials for RTD products are glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and have been compared to a retortable pouch (RP), an emerging packaging material for various types of food since it is durable, inexpensive, lightweight, and easy to sterilize. Storage stability was then evaluated for each aqueous infusion prepared at 10 g/L at 90 °C for 10 min and evaluated at 3 °C in the absence of light over 12 weeks. Analyses included quantification and characterization of individual polyphenolics by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry as well as changes in total antioxidant capacity. For green tea, concentrations of the three major flavan-3-ols, epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin gallate were better retained in glass bottles as compared to other packages over 12 weeks. In yaupon holly, chlorogenic acid and its isomers that were the predominant compounds were generally stable in each packaging material, and a 20.6-fold higher amount of saponin was found as compared to green tea, which caused higher stability of flavonol glycosides present in yaupon holly during storage. The antioxidant capacity of green tea was better retained in glass and PET versus RP, whereas no differences were again observed for yaupon holly. Results highlight the superiority of oxygen-impervious glass packaging, but viable alternatives may be utilizable for RTD teas with variable phytochemical compositions.

  11. Vida a la fatiga de juntas soldadas del acero inoxidable AISI 316L obtenidas mediante el proceso GMAW

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Puchi-Cabrera, E. S.

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available An investigation has been conducted in order to determine the effect of both the metallic transfer mode (pulsed arc or short circuit and the O2 content in the Ar/O2 gas mixture, of the gas-metal arc welding process (GMAW, on the fatigue life under uniaxial conditions of welded joints of 316L stainless steel. It has been concluded that the mixture of the protective gases employed in the process could have an important influence on the fatigue life of the welded joints of such steel in two different ways. Firstly, through the modification of the radius of curvature at the joint between the welding toe and the base metal and, secondly, through a more pronounced degree of oxidation of the alloying elements induced by a higher O2 content in the mixture. As far as the metallic transfer mode is concerned, it has been determined that the welded joints obtained under a pulsed arc mode show a greater fatigue life in comparison with the joints obtained under short circuit for both gas mixtures.

    Se ha llevado a cabo una investigación con la finalidad de determinar el efecto, tanto del modo de transferencia metálica (arco pulsado o cortocircuito como del contenido de O2 en la mezcla de gases protectores Ar/O2, del proceso de soldadura a tope mediante arco metálico con protección gaseosa (GMAW, sobre la vida a la fatiga en condiciones uniaxiales de juntas soldadas del acero inoxidable AISI 316L. Dicho trabajo ha permitido concluir que la composición de la mezcla de gases protectores del proceso GMAW pudiera tener una influencia importante en la vida a la fatiga de las juntas soldadas de dicho material, a través de dos formas distintas: primero, mediante la modificación del radio de curvatura entre la raíz del cordón de soldadura y el metal base y, en segundo lugar, a través del mayor grado de oxidación de los elementos de aleación. En cuanto al modo de transferencia metálica, se determinó que las juntas soldadas mediante arco pulsado

  12. PROMOCIÓN DE LA LECTURA E IDENTIDAD DEPORTIVA MEDIANTE TEXTOS DE HISTORIA DEL DEPORTE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Guillermo Montero Quesada

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available En el artículo se expone una experiencia de promoción de la lectura desarrollada mediante un proyecto conjunto de la Facultad de Cultura Física y la biblioteca de la Universidad de Las Tunas. Se fundamenta en aspectos teóricos de la promoción de la lectura y de la identidad deportiva, ambas variables tienen salida práctica en actividades donde confluyen diversas manifestaciones del arte y la literatura con la actividad física y el deporte. El objetivo del trabajo consiste en reflexionar en torno a la necesidad de asumir alternativas de cómo influir en la formación integral de los estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Cultura Física, con énfasis en los conocimientos históricos y culturales.

  13. EVALUACIÓN DE LA DEGRADACIÓN Y MINERALIZACIÓN DEL MALATIÓN USANDO FOTOCATÁLISIS MEDIANTE UN COLECTOR SOLAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana Catalina Rodriguez

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Se empleó un colector solar para evaluar la degradación del malatión en una solución acuosa de 15 _g/L del plaguicida, usando tres concentraciones diferentes de dióxido de titanio (100, 200 y 250 mg/L y peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2 al 30% como agente oxidante. La disminución de la concentración del malatión se determinó por cromatografía de gases con detector de microcaptura de electrones (CG-_ECD, previa extracción de las muestras con discos C18, y la mineralización se determinó mediante análisis de carbono orgánico total (COT. El proceso de degradación se evaluó durante 16 horas, durante las cuales, se registró la energía solar incidente mediante un radiómetro (Kipp & Zonen, modelo CUV 3. En la fotolisis se alcanzó un porcentaje de degradación de 58,8% y en la fotocatálisis, con 250 mg/L de TiO2 y 10 mL/h de H2O2, se obtuvo 98,7% de degradación. El porcentaje de mineralización alcanzado durante la fotocatálisis fue de 73%.

  14. Estudio de la microestructura femoral de pacientes con coxartrosis y con fractura de cadera mediante micro-TAC

    OpenAIRE

    Sainz-Aja Guerra, J.A.; Alonso, M.A.; Ferreño Blanco, D.; Pérez-Núñez, M.I.; Ruiz Martínez, E.; García-Ibarbia, C.; Casado del Prado, J.A.; Gutiérrez-Solana, F.; Riancho, J.A.

    2016-01-01

    La disminución de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO), es decir, del volumen de tejido óseo por unidad de volumen del esqueleto, es característica de la osteoporosis, mientras que se ha sugerido que la artrosis se acompaña de un aumento de la DMO a nivel local y sistémico. Para comprobar esta hipótesis analizamos mediante microTAC el hueso trabecular de la cabeza femoral de 10 pacientes con fractura de cadera y 9 con coxartrosis. El análisis no reveló diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos ...

  15. Estudio de aleaciones amorfas Hf1-x Cux mediante correlaciones angulares perturbadas

    OpenAIRE

    Damonte, Laura Cristina

    1988-01-01

    Con la intención de contribuir a un mejor entendimiento de la estructura atómica local en aleaciones del tipo MT-MT, en este trabajo de tesis se realiza un estudio, mediante la aplicación de la técnica TDPAC, sobre aleaciones amorfas Hf1-x Cux (x=0.33, 0.44, 0.50, 0.59) y sus contrapartes cristalinas. Muy pocos trabajos han sido publicados sobre este sistema. El objetivo general de este trabajo es analizar el orden local en estas aleaciones, su evolución con tratamientos térmicos (r...

  16. Análisis comparativo de distintas toolkits para el reconocimiento biométrico de personas mediante voz

    OpenAIRE

    Ruíz, Silvia; Miranda, Ernesto; Herlein, Mauro; Etchart, Graciela; Alvez, Carlos E.

    2017-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis comparativo de distintas toolkits para el reconocimiento biométrico de personas mediante voz. Hoy en día los sistemas de identificación de personas se han convertido en una necesidad para la sociedad. A medida que avanza la tecnología y la aplicación de la misma en entornos tanto de ocio como de seguridad, la evolución en desarrollo biométrico es muy grande. Los sistemas de identificación o verificación tradicionales (tarjetas o claves) se h...

  17. Sistema “Gestor Fiducia Fondos JEE” Mediante Servicios de Cloud Computing, Estudio de Factibilidad e Implementación

    OpenAIRE

    Unda, Priscila; Coral, Henry; Marcillo, Diego

    2016-01-01

    Este proyecto presenta el estudio de factibilidad y el diseño e implementación del sistema “Gestor Fiducia Fondos JEE”, mediante servicios en la nube computacional. Para llevarlo a cabo, se realizó una evaluación técnica de tres importantes proveedores de nubes computacionales Amazon Ec2, Rackspace, y Terremark, valorando la calidad del soporte, costos, escalabilidad y usabilidad. Posteriormente, se realizó el diseño y definición de una infraestructura básica, media y superior que permita alb...

  18. Reducción de percloroetileno y cromo hexavalente mediante FE(0) y bioestimulación de microorganismos anaerobios

    OpenAIRE

    VÁZQUEZ MORILLAS, Alethia; VACA MIER, Mabel; BELTRÁN VILLAVICENCIO, Margarita; LÓPEZ CALLEJAS, Raymundo; ÁLVAREZ, Pedro J

    2007-01-01

    En este trabajo se estudiaron las interacciones Fe-microorganismos simulando el entorno de una barrera reactiva permeable (BRP), para la reducción de percloroetileno (PCE) y cromo hexavalente en acuíferos contaminados. La bioestimulación de los microorganismos se llevó a cabo mediante la adición de un cosustrato para el desarrollo de las comunidades microbianas presentes de manera natural en el suelo. Se empleó un compuesto comercial que libera hidrógeno (HRC, por sus siglas en inglés) a tasa...

  19. Optimización del transporte de mercancías mediante el transporte marítimo de corta distancia

    OpenAIRE

    Ametller i Malfaz, Xavier

    2007-01-01

    El tema que se plantea en el estudio es el de la distribución de mercancías mediante el Transporte Marítimo de Corta Distancia (TMCD). El actual desequilibrio entre modos de transporte en la distribución de mercancías entre países de la Unión Europea ha llevado a la saturación las infraestructuras de transporte terrestres, especialmente las carreteras. Por este motivo, resulta de vital importancia analizar distintas alternativas de transporte más sostenibles y que racionalicen el ...

  20. Soberanía y seguridad alimentaria mediante la oferta gastronómica tradicional en la Paz-Carchi-Ecuador

    OpenAIRE

    Rueda Estrada, Oliva Del Socorro

    2017-01-01

    Determinar la oferta gastronómica tradicional de la Paz mediante los principios de seguridad y soberanía alimentaria El presente trabajo investigativo pretende insertarse a través de la perspectiva sociocultural ambiental y turística para estudiar la historia y los acontecimientos recientes en la cocina gastronómica de los expendedores de comida en la Gruta La paz. El estudio analizó las representaciones sociales de la gastronomía como un punto de referencia para la definición de la identi...

  1. Caracterización química y sensorial de condimentos de fruta obtenidos mediante doble fermentación

    OpenAIRE

    Úbeda Aguilera, Cristina

    2012-01-01

    Justificación Tradicionalmente, los vinagres de calidad han sido elaborados a partir de vino de uva. Hoy en día, podemos encontrar en el mercado vinagres de uva que se aromatizan con concentrados de otras frutas en la última etapa de elaboración. La demanda de nuevos productos de calidad por parte de los consumidores, encamina la producción de vinagre hacia la diversificación mediante el empleo de nuevas materias primas. La fruta es una materia prima perecedera, y transformándola median...

  2. Protocolo para la producción de plantas dihaploides de trigo duro mediante cruzamientos con maíz

    OpenAIRE

    García Llamas, Carmen

    2011-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido desarrollar un protocolo para producir plantas dihaploides de trigo duro, mediante cruzamientos con maíz, que permita acortar la duración de los programas de mejora de esta especie. Entre las variantes de este método se ha elegido el cultivo de tallos cortados, porque permite controlar las condiciones ambientales durante el desarrollo de los embriones y abaratar los costes de aplicación de las hormonas. Se han abordado y mejorado tres aspectos de esta técni...

  3. Análisis de los cambios espectrales del EEG producidos por el entrenamiento neurocognitivo mediante una interfaz cerebro-ordenador

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Pilar, Javier; Corralejo Palacios, Rebeca; Martínez Cagigal, Víctor; Álvarez González, Daniel; Hornero Sánchez, Roberto

    2015-01-01

    Producción Científica Los sistemas cerebro-ordenador (Brain-Computer Interfaces, BCIs) se han convertido no sólo en una herramienta asistencial para personas con discapacidad, sino también en una manera de rehabilitar ciertas funciones motoras o cognitivas. La plasticidad cerebral puede ser restaurada en una función cerebral normal mediante la inducción de acontecimientos que varíen la actividad cerebral. La sincronización/desincronización voluntaria de la activi...

  4. 68. Monitorización de oxigenación cerebral mediante invos® en cierre de comunicación interauricular a corazón latiendo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Jiménez Aceituna

    2012-04-01

    Conclusiones: El cierre de CIA a corazón latiendo es una técnica segura y efectiva. El control, mediante Invos®, de la oxigenación cerebral es una herramienta útil como indicador de perfusión cerebral y un método fiable para detectar embolias gaseosas.

  5. Studies on the flora of the Guianas 20. The Dorstenia species (Moraceae) of south-eastern tropical America

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Berg, C.C.

    1983-01-01

    One new species of Dorstenia from Brazil is described: D. carautae C.C. Berg, and four new combinations are made: D. cayapia Vellozo subsp. asaroides (Hooker) C.C. Berg, D. cayapia Vellozo subsp. paraguariensis (Hassler) C.C. Berg, D. cayapia Vellozo subsp. vitifolia (Gardner) C.C. Berg, and D.

  6. Integración de un sistema de pago para móvil mediante un intermediario para una aplicación WAP

    OpenAIRE

    Paradell Cases, David

    2012-01-01

    Nou sistema de pagament per mòbil. [ANGLÈS] Integration of a mobile payment system using Mobile 365 company to a WAP application. [CASTELLÀ] Integración de un sistema de pago para móvil mediante Mobile 365 para una aplicación WAP. [CATALÀ] Integració d'un sistema de pagament per mòbil mitjançant Mobile 365 per a una aplicació WAP.

  7. VALORACIÓN DE INMUEBLES COMERCIALES MEDIANTE LA APLICACIÓN DEL MÉTODO DE CAPITALIZACIÓN DIRECTA Y EL MÉTODO DE FLUJOS DE CAJA DESCONTADOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro Vargas Sanchez

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente documento se exponen los conceptos relacionados con la valoración de Inmuebles Comerciales. El objetivo principal fue la determinación del valor de este tipo de bienes raíces mediante la aplicación de dos métodos: el primero Capitalización Directa y el segundo Flujos de Caja Descontados, para ambos métodos fue necesario estimar la Utilidad Operativa Neta por concepto del arrendamiento que percibe el propietario del inmueble, un aspecto importante en la investigación fue la determinación de la tasa de capitalización la cual fue calculada a partir de información primaria recabada sobre el arrendamiento por metro cuadrado y el valor de mercado de inmuebles comparables en la ciudad de La Paz. Los resultados alcanzados mediante ambos métodos de valoración presentaron diferencias que se explican principalmente porque se utilizaron diferentes tasas de crecimiento en las utilidades esperadas.

  8. Efecto de la incorporación de Hf en el crecimiento de los recubrimientos de Al sobre aceros ferrítico-martensíticos mediante CVD-FBR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Javier Bolívar

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En las últimas décadas, ha habido un marcado interés por aumentar la temperatura y la presión de vapor en las plantas de generación de energía con el propósito de disminuir el consumo de combustibles. Así, se conseguiría reducir las emisiones de contaminantes tales como CO2 SO2 y NOx. Para lograr estas mejoras, se requiere por un lado desarrollar nuevosaceros ferríticos-martensíticos con contenidos de Cr entre 9-12% y por otro lado, mediante la ingeniería de superficies, mejorar la resistencia a la oxidación de los ya existentes. En el presente trabajo se obtuvieron recubrimientos de Al y de Al-Hf y evaluó el efecto de la adición del Hf al lecho sobre el crecimiento de los recubrimientos de Al. Previamente a la obtención de los recubrimientos, se realizó un estudio termodinámico mediante el programa Themocalc y, de acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, se depositaron las capas de Al y Al-Hf a tres temperaturas diferentes en el rango de 500 a 600 °C. Los recubrimientos fueron caracterizados mediante DRX y MEB/EDAX. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos se determinó que para ambos casos las capas estaban fundamentalmente formadas por los compuestos intermetálicos Fe2Al5 y FeAl3.

  9. Pronóstico del IPC de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores Mediante el Uso de Reglas y Redes Neuronales

    OpenAIRE

    Cázares Carrillo, Juan G.

    2004-01-01

    La presente investigación es un esfuerzo para el desarrollo de un pronosticador con resultados aceptables para el mercado de valores destinándose su uso como una herramienta de apoyo a la toma de decisiones financieras. El pronóstico se realiza mediante la identificación de patrones utilizando como herramientas técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial, específicamente Redes Neuronales de Retropropagación y Algoritmos Genéticos. Las principales aportaciones de la presente investigación son: la dete...

  10. Predictor de Smith modificado mediante un modelo interno, robusto a perturbaciones externas no medibles.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Castillo García

    2010-11-01

    Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Se propone una modificación de la estructura del predictor de Smith mediante un modelo interno que posibilita aumentar su rechazo al efecto de las per-turbaciones externas no medibles en comparación con la estructura clásica del predictor de Smith. Los resultados obtenidos se aplican en el diseño de un sistema de control del proceso de variación de la temperatura del jugo en los calentadores de una fábrica de azúcar. Los resultados de la simulación del sistema diseñado mostraron su efectividad y robustez en cuanto al rechazo de perturbaciones externas no medibles. Palabras claves: Predictor de Smith, predictor de Smith modificado, rechazo a perturbaciones externas no medibles, robustez de los sistemas de control.

  11. PREVALENCIA DE LA ENFERMEDAD RENAL CRÓNICA DETERMINADA MEDIANTE LA APLICACIÓN DE ECUACIONES PREDICTIVAS EN PERSONAS HIPERTENSAS ATENDIDAS EN ATENCION PRIMARIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Gómez Navarro

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC constituye un importante problema de salud en las sociedades desarrolladas vinculado al progresivo envejecimiento de la población y a la elevada prevalencia de patologías como la hipertensión arterial (HTA y la diabetes mellitus. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: estudiar la función renal (FR en las personas hipertensas mediante ecuaciones predictivas y creatinina plasmática (Crp. Conocer el porcentaje de personas con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC que presentan valores normales de Crp. Analizar los factores que colaboran en el deterioro de su FR. Metodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal de las personas con hipertensión arterial (HTA. Se determinó Crp y tensión arterial (TA. Se calculó el filtrado glomerular mediante las fórmulas de Cockroft-Gault y MDRD. Se registraron los años de evolución de la HTA. Se realizó estudio descriptivo de las variables estudiadas y se analizó la posible dependencia entre algunas mediante regresión lineal múltiple.. Resultados: Se estudió un total de 52 pacientes (57,7% mujeres. Edad media 72,4 ± 10,8. Un 32,6% (Cockcroft-Gault o un 21,5% (MDRD cumplían criterio de ERC. Predomina la ERC en las mujeres. El 21,4% (Cockcroft-Gault y 9,5% (MDRD de pacientes con ERC tenían valores normales de Crp. No encontramos dependencia lineal entre las cifras de TA y la FR. El cumplimiento de los objetivos de TA no supone un menor desarrollo de ERC. En los varones encontramos dependencia lineal entre la FR (MDRD y los años de evolución de la HTA. Conclusiones: La ERC es una patología frecuente en las personas hipertensas. La utilización sistemática de ecuaciones predictivas facilita la detección de ERC oculta en pacientes con Crp normal.

  12. VEGETACIÓN DEL PARQUE COPAHUE: APLICACIÓN DE UNA METODOLOGÍA BIOCLIMÁTICA MEDIANTE EL USO DE INFORMACIÓN SATELITAL Y SIG

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar Peña

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available La distribución de la vegetación natural se encuentra en intima relación con el comportamiento de los elementos climáticos tal como la temperatura y la humedad. Asimismo la altitud, la orientación (exposición a la radiación y la pendiente modifican dicho comportamiento. El Parque Provincial Copahue, localizado en la Provincia de Neuquen, en la cordillera norpatagónica, presenta características biogeográficas y particularidades ecogeomorfológicas que evidencian el marcado efecto de las variables climáticas. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar las relaciones de dichas variables mediante la utilización de una metodología bioclimática y el tratamiento digital de imágenes Landsat Tm. Metodológicamente se procedió en tres pasos. El primero consistió en la clasificación supervisada de la imagen satelital. De esto surgió una carta de vegetación del parque. En el segundo paso se digitalizó cartografía 1:100.000 con la que se obtuvo un modelo digital de elevación, mapa de pendiente y de orientación de laderas, de temperaturas y precipitaciones. En el tercero, se confeccionó una base de datos para la aplicación de una metodología bioclimática (Rivas y Martínez.1994 que permitió, mediante la aplicación del SIG delimitar los bioclimas del parque. La información de vegetación obtenida mediante la clasificación digital de la imagen satelital fue cruzada con el mapa bioclimático, el mapa topográfico, de pendiente, orientación y de las variables climáticas consideradas, a fin de conocer el grado de interrelación entre la distribución de la vegetación con las variables físicas tratadas.

  13. Modelo de gestión de la red de distribución tercerizada segmento tiendas región central, en productos de consumo masivo, mediante datos de panel y simulación de Monte Carlo.

    OpenAIRE

    Pulido Quintero, Miguel Angel

    2013-01-01

    El proyecto de investigación parte de la dinámica del modelo de distribución tercerizada para una compañía de consumo masivo en Colombia, especializada en lácteos, que para este estudio se ha denominado “Lactosa”. Mediante datos de panel con estudio de caso, se construyen dos modelos de demanda por categoría de producto y distribuidor y mediante simulación estocástica, se identifican las variables relevantes que inciden sus estructuras de costos. El problema se modela a partir del esta...

  14. Obtención de extractos de membrana externa de Vibrio cholerae O1, mediante el uso de diferentes detergentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Pérez

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available En la actualidad existen dos variantes principales de vacunas orales contra el cólera: una basada en células inactivadas de diferentes biotipos y serotipos y otra basada en la administración de cepas vivas genéticamente atenuadas. Una vacuna por subunidades pudiera ser una variante muy atractiva. Este trabajo describe la purificación parcial y caracterización preliminar de extractos de proteínas de membrana externa-lipopolisacárido (PME-LPS, obtenidos a partir de Vibrio cholerae O1, con el interés de seleccionar un proteoliposoma que posteriormente será estructurado en forma de cocleatos para su uso por vía oral en humanos. Las preparaciones fueron obtenidas a través del uso de diferentes detergentes. La cantidad de LPS en cada preparación fue estimada mediante la determinación de las unidades endotóxicas en el ensayo del Limulus (LAL. La composición de cada muestra fue evaluada mediante SDS-PAGE y Dot Blot. La inoculación intranasal (IN en ratones Balb/c se utilizó para la evaluación de la inmunogenicidad de las preparaciones, y la respuesta inmune fue determinada por ELISA y el título de anticuerpos vibriocidas. El tamaño molecular de la preparación con mejores resultados en inmunogenicidad se estimó mediante la cromatografía en Sephacryl S-1000. Se obtuvieron diferentes perfiles electroforéticos de acuerdo con el tipo de detergente utilizado. El LPS fue identificado en todas las preparaciones y aquella obtenida con el SDS al 15% mostró la más baja relación proteínas/LPS y los mejores resultados en los ensayos de inmunogenicidad. Adicionalmente se comprobó que su tamaño molecular es similar al observado en el proteoliposoma de VAMENGOC- BC. La preparación obtenida con el SDS al 15% constituye un proteoliposoma, con capacidad para estimular altos niveles de anticuerpos IgG anti-LPS y altos títulos de anticuerpos vibriocidas, luego de su administración por vía intranasal en ratones. Estos resultados constituyen

  15. Obtención de microestructuras de grano ultrafino en aleaciones de aluminio mediante extrusión en canal angular (ECAE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alkorta, J.

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Al 5083 samples have been subjected to 90º equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE at 270ºC. After ECAE, the microhardness was measured and the texture for the plane perpendicular to the extrusion direction was analysed by X-Rays and EBSD. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy and EBSD. As deformation accumulates the hardness increases until it reaches saturation at an effective strain of about ε∼4. With regard to the texture, it has been shown that a high density of {111} planes are oriented parallel to the shear plane of the last pass.

    Varias muestras de aluminio 5083 se han sometido a extrusiones en canal angular de 90º a 270ºC. A continuación se midieron las durezas de las muestras obtenidas y se caracterizó la textura en el plano perpendicular a la dirección de extrusión mediante Rayos-X y difracción de electrones retrodispersados (EBSD. La caracterización microestructural se hizo mediante microscopio óptico y EBSD. Se ha observado que la dureza aumenta sensiblemente con el grado de deformación y que alcanza un nivel máximo de saturación a partir de ε∼4. En cuanto a la textura, se observa que los planos {111} tienden a orientarse paralelos al plano de la última cortadura.

  16. Determinación de condiciones para encapsulación de proteasa mediante electroatomización

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yessica Lorena Díaz

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available La encapsulación es un método mediante el cual, sustancias bioactivas son introducidas en una matriz para evitar su pérdida y asimismo, facilitar su incorporación en diferentes productos; no obstante, durante este proceso, es preciso tener en cuenta la técnica y las condiciones de proceso para conseguir la formación de capsulas. El objetivo fue determinar las condiciones adecuadas para encapsulación de proteasa mediante electroatomización. La evaluación del proceso se realizó en función de las variables independientes: voltaje, concentración de material de recubrimiento y el flujo de alimentación; además de las variables dependientes: características del espectro y morfología. A las partículas obtenidas se les midió las características morfológicas (microscopía y de espectro (Raman. Los resultados mostraron que, las condiciones que permitieron la encapsulación fueron las realizadas a un voltaje de 13kV, empleando un material de recubrimiento con un aporte de solidos solubles totales de 55% y un flujo de alimentación de 0,1mL/h; presentando formación de cápsulas esféricas con espectros (Raman en el intervalo de 200 a 700cm-1; observando el pico más alto correspondiente a la enzima a 515cm-1 y tamaños entre 0,035 y 1,185μm. A partir de los resultados, se infiere que la electroatomización puede ser considerada como una técnica viable para la encapsulación de enzima proteasa, siempre y cuando se establezcan las condiciones de proceso que son propias de cada solución, permitiendo de esta manera el desarrollo de productos (aditivos que posteriormente puedan llegar a ser incorporados a otros.

  17. Medición del flujo de neutrinos cósmicos ultra energéticos mediante detectores de superficie

    OpenAIRE

    Pieroni, Pablo Emanuel

    2016-01-01

    Esta Tesis estudia la medición de neutrinos cósmicos ultra energéticos mediante detectores de superficie. Básicamente existen dos mecanismos a través de los cuales los neutrinos en el rango del EeV pueden inducir señales distinguibles a nivel de superficie. El primero consiste en la interacción de un neutrino en la atmósfera, via corrientes cargadas o neutras, y la subsiguiente producción de una cascada atmosférica extendida descendente. El segundo se basa en la interacción de un neutrino tau...

  18. Creación de marca mediante la utilización de mecanismos estratégicos comunitarios y marketing

    OpenAIRE

    Melo Lopez, Paula Daniela; Fajardo Carrillo, María Alejandra

    2016-01-01

    El presente documento pretende mostrar la manera como se debe ejecutar la creación de marca mediante la utilización de mecanismos estratégicos comunitarios y marketing. El objetivo del estudio se basa en encontrar los mecanismos adecuados para el desarrollo y creación de una marca enfocándose en el análisis de las principales prácticas y modelos desarrollados en el área del marketing, examinando el impacto que la marca pueda generar en la comunidad en la cual la organización está incluida, es...

  19. Galactosemia: Diagnóstico precoz mediante estudio enzimático

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Úrsula Carrillo Estrada

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados obtenidos del estudio realizado a un paciente masculino de 45 días de nacido, cuyo motivo de ingreso fue pérdida de peso, decaimiento, retraso psicomotor y crisis de hipoglucemia. Los síntomas comenzaron en el período neonatal y coincidieron con la introducción de la lactancia materna. En estudios realizados se constató en la orina la presencia de lactosa y galactosa. Se confirma el diagnóstico por estudio enzimático. La evolución clínica ha sido satisfactoria. El tratamiento dietético que excluía a los alimentos que contienen galactosa y lactosa fue de mucha importancia. Es el primer caso diagnosticado en Cuba mediante estudio enzimático.This paper presents the results of a study performed on a 45-day old male patient who was admitted to the hospital for weight loss, tiredness, psychomotor retardation and hypoglicemic crisis. The symptoms had begun in the neonatal period and had coincided with the introduction of breast feeding. The studies detected lactose and galactose in urine. The enzymatic study confirmed the diagnosis. The clinical recovery was satisfactory. The dietary treatment that excluded foods containing galactose and lactose was important and successful. He is the first case diagnosed on enzymatic study in Cuba.

  20. Propuesta de la certificación energética, mediante simulación dinámica, como herramienta de gestión energética ISO 50001 Versus auditoria energética en edificios.

    OpenAIRE

    Rey Hernández, Javier María; Rey Hernández, Alberto; Velasco, Eloy; San José, Julio; Rey Martinez, Francisco Javier

    2017-01-01

    Producción Científica El objetivo es el estudio de la gestión energética ISO 50001, mediante las herramientas de sistema de gestión tales como la auditoría energética y compararlo con la certificación energética mediante simulación dinámica, aplicadas a un edificio universitario estándar. La metodología empleada para alcanzar unos resultados de ahorro y eficiencia energética, aplicados a un edificio universitario, pretenden servir de modelo para poder extrapolarlos a edificios que compo...

  1. Propuesta de mejora de habilidades sociales en niños con discapacidad intelectual mediante la terapia asistida por animales

    OpenAIRE

    Bermejo Lorenzo, Julia

    2015-01-01

    Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se centra en la aplicación práctica de un programa de mejora de la Educación Socioemocional, utilizando como herramienta innovadora la Terapia Asistida con Animales de Compañía, aplicándose a un caso real de un alumno con Parálisis Cerebral y Discapacidad Intelectual asociada. Los objetivos de las actividades están centrados en el desarrollo de la autoconciencia, el autocontrol, la conciencia social y la toma de decisiones responsables. Mediante este proyecto se p...

  2. Propuesta de Configuración y de Método de Inspección de Uniones Mixtas Mediante Pernos Conectores

    OpenAIRE

    Aznar López, Antonio

    2013-01-01

    La utilización conjunta de los soportes de acero con los forjados de hormigón armado aúna las ventajas constructivas y arquitectónicas de ambos sistemas de ejecución. El principal inconveniente que se presenta es la complejidad de sus nudos. Las uniones estructurales viga-pilar mediante pernos tipo Nelson o Köco aparecen sólo ocasionalmente en el mundo de la edificación. Los casos en los que esto ocurre normalmente corresponden a obras de especial singularidad, a uniones secundarias o a ancla...

  3. Optimización del abatimiento del nivel freático para una excavación mediante el programa Modflow

    OpenAIRE

    Hidalgo Pérez, Jesús

    2015-01-01

    En este trabajo se aborda un problema de abatimiento de nivel freático en una excavación mediante el empleo de métodos numéricos. La estructura del documento describe, en primer lugar, los fundamentos teóricos del flujo de agua en medios porosos. Posteriormente se hace una descripción sucinta del programa Modflow (Langevin et al, 2003), herramienta numérica utilizada para la resolución de las ecuaciones de gobierno, y del entorno de ventanas de la interfaz Visual Modflow Profes...

  4. Sarcomas primarios de hueso: estudio por citometría estática mediante análisis digital de imagen

    OpenAIRE

    Hernández Cortés, P.; Aneiros Cachaza, J.; Ramírez Tortosa, C. L.; O'Valle Tarrasa, F.; Andújar Sánchez, M.

    1997-01-01

    Se presenta un estudio morfométrico y densitométrico mediante análisis digital de imagen de una serie de 50 tumores óseos malignos (32 osteosarcomas, 12 condrosarcomas y 6 histiocitomas fibrosos malignos de hueso), con el fin de evaluar la utilidad de la técnica para establecer el grado y el pronóstico de estas neoplasias. Las variables morfométricas y la disposición de la cromatina guardan una estrecha relación con el grado histológico (Spearman; p < 0,05) y muestran diferenci...

  5. Analítica del aprendizaje en un entorno virtual mediante un sistema de computación cognitiva: estudio preliminar

    OpenAIRE

    Larry Lugo Urribarrí

    2016-01-01

    En esta investigación se aplicaron métodos de la Analítica del Aprendizaje en el estudio de los datos masivos provenientes de la plataforma virtual de Fruticultura, mediante el sistema de computación cognitiva IBM Watson, basado en inteligencia artificial y aprendizaje automático. Se analizaron los registros de las evaluaciones en línea, así como las interacciones sociales en los foros para determinar su influencia sobre el desempeño estudiantil, durante los períodos lectivos desde el2006 has...

  6. 32. Ampliación de la raíz aórtica mediante técnica de manouguian en cardiopatías congénitas del adulto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.T. González López

    2012-04-01

    Conclusiones: En casos seleccionados, la ampliación de raíz aórtica mediante técnica de Manouguian resulta eficaz en el manejo de la patología valvular asociada a cardiopatías congénitas del adulto.

  7. Micromecanizado de materiales cerámicos mediante láser de femtosegundo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moreno, P.

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available In this work, we present the application of ultrashort and intense laser pulses (110 fs @ 1 kHz; up to 1.1 mJ/pulse to the micromachining of ceramics, specifically RubalitTM708S, a material based on alumina and widely used as a substrate in microelectronics. The mechanism for removing material is the so called direct ablation. It differs from thermal ablation of conventional lasers in the practically total absence of thermal effects which produces a remarkable increase of quality and precision of the machining. By means of an optical diffraction-based technique we find out the energy density threshold to work in the direct ablation regime. Adjusting the energy per pulse as well as the number of pulses, we are able to drill holes of the desired diameter and depth. In addition, processing is developed in air. We also demonstrate that high quality fs-laser micromachining is suitable for every ceramic, whatever the mechanical properties, with similar working parameters. In order to show this point, we have also processed sintered SiN, a material of wide-ranging interest in industry.

    En este trabajo presentamos la aplicación de pulsos láser ultracortos (110 fs @ 1 kHz; hasta 1.1 mJ/pulso al micromecanizado de materiales cerámicos, en concreto RubalitTM708S, un material compuesto principalmente de alúmina y empleado en la industria microelectrónica. El mecanismo de eliminación de material es la ablación directa, que difiere de la ablación térmica empleada por los láseres convencionales en la prácticamente total ausencia de efectos térmicos, lo que redunda en un aumento significativo de la precisión y calidad del mecanizado. Mediante técnicas basadas en la difracción óptica determinamos el umbral de energía necesario para que tenga lugar el proceso de ablación directa. Con ese dato y regulando la energía por pulso y el número de pulsos somos capaces de producir mecanizados del diámetro y profundidad deseados. Además, el

  8. Ozone exposure induces the activation of leaf senescence-related processes and morphological and growth changes in seedlings of Mediterranean tree species

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ribas, Angela; Pen-tilde uelas, Josep; Elvira, Susana; Gimeno, Benjamin S.

    2005-01-01

    Four Mediterranean tree taxa, Quercus ilex subsp. ilex, Quercus ilex subsp. ballota, Olea europaea cv. vulgaris and Ceratonia siliqua, were exposed to different ozone (O 3 ) concentrations in open top chambers (OTCs) during 2 years. Three treatments were applied: charcoal-filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF) and non-filtered air plus 40 ppb v of O 3 (NF+). The photochemical maximal efficiency, Fv/Fm, decreased in NF+ plants during the second year of exposure, especially during the most stressful Mediterranean seasons (winter and summer). An increase of δ 13 C was found in three of the four studied species during the first year of exposure. This finding was only maintained in C. siliqua during the second year. Decreases in the chlorophyll content were detected during the first year of fumigations in all the species studied, but not during the second year. The NF+ treatment induced changes in foliar anatomical characteristics, especially in leaf mass per area (LMA) and spongy parenchyma thickness, which increased in some species. A reduction in N content and an increase in δ 15 N were found in all species during the second year when exposed in the NF+ OTCs, suggesting a change in their retranslocation pattern linked to an acceleration of leaf senescence, as also indicated by the above mentioned biochemical and anatomical foliar changes. The two Q. ilex subspecies were the most sensitive species since the changes in N concentration, δ 15 N, chlorophyll, leaf area, LMA and biomass occurred at ambient O 3 concentrations. However, C. siliqua was the most responsive species (29% biomass reduction) when exposed to the NF+ treatment, followed by the two Q. ilex subspecies (14-20%) and O. europaea (no significant reduction). Ozone resistance of the latter species was linked to some plant traits such as chlorophyll concentrations, or spongy parenchyma thickness. - Ozone induces species-specific leaf senescence-related processes and morphological and growth changes in

  9. Ozone exposure induces the activation of leaf senescence-related processes and morphological and growth changes in seedlings of Mediterranean tree species

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ribas, Angela [CSIC-CEAB-CREAF Ecophysiology Unit, CREAF-Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Edifici C, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain)]. E-mail: a.ribas@creaf.uab.es; Pen-tilde uelas, Josep [CSIC-CEAB-CREAF Ecophysiology Unit, CREAF-Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Edifici C, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona (Spain)]. E-mail: josep.penuelas@uab.es; Elvira, Susana [CIEMAT, Avd. Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Gimeno, Benjamin S. [CIEMAT, Avd. Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid (Spain)

    2005-03-01

    Four Mediterranean tree taxa, Quercus ilex subsp. ilex, Quercus ilex subsp. ballota, Olea europaea cv. vulgaris and Ceratonia siliqua, were exposed to different ozone (O{sub 3}) concentrations in open top chambers (OTCs) during 2 years. Three treatments were applied: charcoal-filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF) and non-filtered air plus 40 ppb{sub v} of O{sub 3} (NF+). The photochemical maximal efficiency, Fv/Fm, decreased in NF+ plants during the second year of exposure, especially during the most stressful Mediterranean seasons (winter and summer). An increase of {delta}{sup 13}C was found in three of the four studied species during the first year of exposure. This finding was only maintained in C. siliqua during the second year. Decreases in the chlorophyll content were detected during the first year of fumigations in all the species studied, but not during the second year. The NF+ treatment induced changes in foliar anatomical characteristics, especially in leaf mass per area (LMA) and spongy parenchyma thickness, which increased in some species. A reduction in N content and an increase in {delta}{sup 15}N were found in all species during the second year when exposed in the NF+ OTCs, suggesting a change in their retranslocation pattern linked to an acceleration of leaf senescence, as also indicated by the above mentioned biochemical and anatomical foliar changes. The two Q. ilex subspecies were the most sensitive species since the changes in N concentration, {delta}{sup 15}N, chlorophyll, leaf area, LMA and biomass occurred at ambient O{sub 3} concentrations. However, C. siliqua was the most responsive species (29% biomass reduction) when exposed to the NF+ treatment, followed by the two Q. ilex subspecies (14-20%) and O. europaea (no significant reduction). Ozone resistance of the latter species was linked to some plant traits such as chlorophyll concentrations, or spongy parenchyma thickness. - Ozone induces species-specific leaf senescence

  10. Análisis de contaminantes en aguas residuales industriales mediante espectrofotometría de absorción molecular y atómica

    OpenAIRE

    Torres Andrés, Adrián

    2017-01-01

    Las aguas residuales suponen un grave problema incrementado con el desarrollo industrial. Las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales son muy importantes para preservar el medioambiente y eliminar compuestos contaminantes. Es interesante desarrollar métodos analíticos sencillos y robustos para determinar contaminantes como metales, amonio o cianuro y conocer la calidad del agua. Este trabajo recoge determinaciones de este tipo de compuestos en aguas residuales industriales mediante espectr...

  11. Tamaño auricular y realce miocárdico en la miocardiopatía hipertrófica mediante resonancia magnética

    OpenAIRE

    Méndez Díaz, María Cristina

    2016-01-01

    [Resumen] Antecedentes y objetivos: La fibrosis miocárdica puede detectarse en la miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) mediante resonancia magnética (RM) con realce tardío de gadolinio. La fibrosis miocárdica y el tamaño de la aurícula izquierda (AI) pueden relacionarse con eventos adversos. Analizamos la relación entre la presencia y extensión del realc...

  12. Diversidad genética intra e inter-específica de ñame (Dioscorea spp. de la región Caribe de Colombia mediante marcadores AFLP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernando Javier Rivera-Jiménez

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Conocer la variabilidad genética del ñame, Dioscorea spp., permite apoyar estrategias de mejoramiento y conservación de este recurso fitogenético. El objetivo de este estudio fue la caracterización molecular de 20 accesiones de Dioscorea spp. mediante la técnica molecular de AFLP para determinar cómo se distribuye la variabilidad genética de manera intra e inter-específica. Los datos fueron analizados mediante los métodos de agrupación de correspondencia múltiple y análisis de similaridad de Dice, estableciendo los niveles de confiabilidad de los grupos genéticos mediante remuestreos. En términos de diversidad interespecífica, los valores promedios de similitud variaron entre 41.81% entre D. alata L. y D. rotundata Poir., y 33.51% entre D. trifida L.f. y D. esculenta (Lour. Burkill, lo que sugiere alta diversidad genética entre las accesiones estudiadas, que formaron cuatro grupos genéticos: D. alata, D. rotundata, D. esculenta y D. trifida, confirmando correspondencia entre la caracterización morfológica, clasificación botánica y la caracterización molecular. En términos de diversidad intraespecífica para la especie D. alata, el análisis también reveló una composición heterogénea en la región Caribe colombiana. Estos estudios ayudarán a definir una estrategia adecuada para fines de conservación y apoyar los esfuerzos futuros en los programas de mejoramiento genético.

  13. Generación de experiencias visuales en ciegos mediante estimulación táctil repetitiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomás Ortiz

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Estudios recientes de nuestro laboratorio han establecido que se puede generar una activación estable del córtex visual en ciegos mediante entrenamiento táctil pasivo prolongado. Esta neuroplasticidad cortical se acompaña en un 40% de los participantes invidentes de sensaciones visuales, así como de una mayor rapidez en el reconocimiento táctil de información espacial tales como líneas, iconos o imágenes, y es crucial para su correcta interpretación. Estos hallazgos pueden ser útiles para el diseño de mecanismos sustitutivosde la visión en ciegos, pero también son útiles para entender ciertos síntomas neuropsiquiátricos como lassinestesias.

  14. Modelamiento y simulación de la contracción muscular mediante la estimulación magnética externa

    OpenAIRE

    Bermeo Moyano, Juan Pablo; Sánchez Sánchez, Carlos Felipe

    2017-01-01

    El proyecto inicia revisando las ecuaciones de Maxwell, para simular y estimar las corrientes inducidas en un tejido muscular por un campo magnético mediante el MEF: M. Elementos Finitos. Se simula la fuerza muscular con el modelo de seis parámetros y optimizado por algoritmos genéticos para ajustar el modelo teórico con las medidas experimentales. The present project begins with the revision of the Maxwell equations, to simulate and estimate the currents induced in a muscle tissue by a ma...

  15. EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LAS EMPRESAS MEDIANTE LA APLICACIÓN DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL EN LA CIUDAD DE CORONEL OVIEDO

    OpenAIRE

    DÍAZ, SANIE FABIOLA GIMÉNEZ RUIZ

    2013-01-01

    El tema en estudio trata sobre el fortalecimiento de las empresas mediante la aplicación de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en la ciudad de Coronel Oviedo, es realizado con el objetivo general de analizar el fortalecimiento de las empresas de servicios a través de la aplicación de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en la ciudad de Coronel Oviedo, así mismo se plantearon los siguientes objetivos específicos: que son indagar cuáles son las acciones que realizan las em...

  16. Refuerzo de vigas de hormigón mediante recrecido de hormigón armado en un ático de vivienda

    OpenAIRE

    KENALIEVA, VESELINA SABINOVA

    2011-01-01

    Trabajo científico técnico. El objetivo general del proyecto es el análisis de los elementos estructurales de un ático en un edificio de viviendas, así como el estudio y aplicación de la técnica de refuerzo a la estructura con recrecido de hormigón armado Kenalieva, VS. (2011). Refuerzo de vigas de hormigón mediante recrecido de hormigón armado en un ático de vivienda. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/12070. Archivo delegado

  17. MODELO DIDÁCTICO DE ENSEÑANZA–APRENDIZAJE DE LA CONTABILIDAD MEDIANTE TAREAS DIDÁCTICAS PROFESIONALES PARA ESTUDIANTES DE INGENIERÍA EN SISTEMAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luzmila Benilda López Reyes

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo ofrece un modelo didáctico de enseñanza – aprendizaje mediante tareas didácticas profesionales para los estudiantes de la carrera de Ingeniería en Sistemas, el cual les permite a los docentes y estudiantes comprender, explicar e interpretar desde las Ciencias Pedagógicas la dinámica de dicho proceso, basado en el enfoque didáctico profesional, aspecto que constituye la base teórica que deberá contribuir mediante su aplicación práctica, al mejoramiento del aprendizaje de los contenidos contables en estos estudiantes.PALABRAS CLAVE: enseñanza; aprendizaje; contabilidad; ingeniería en sistemas; modelo didáctico.TRAINING MODEL OF TEACHING - LEARNING TEACHING TASK BY ACCOUNTING PROFESSIONAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING STUDENTSABSTRACTThis article offers a didactic model of teaching - learning through professional teaching tasks for students of the career of Systems Engineering, which allows teachers and students to understand, explain and interpret from the Pedagogical Sciences dynamics of this process, based on professional teaching approach, something that is the theoretical basis that will contribute through its practical application, to improve learning of accounting contained in these students.KEYWORDS: education; learning; accounting; systems engineering; didactic model.

  18. Propiedades mecánicas del telururo de bismuto (Bi2Te3 procesado mediante torsión bajo alta presión (HPT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santamaría, Jon Ander

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Bismuth telluride, Bi2Te3, is the main thermoelectric material currently in use for commercial cooling devices or for energy harvesting near room temperature. Because of its highly anisotropic layered structure, Bi2Te3 is very brittle, failing by cleavage along its basal plane. Refining its grain size is expected to increase its toughness with the advantage that, simultaneously, its thermoelectric “figure of merit” results increased. In this work, powders of the compound have been compacted by conventional methods as well as by severe plastic deformation under high pressure (3 GPa using high pressure torsion (HPT, one turn at room temperature. Near-theoretical density has been achieved. The hardness and toughness of the compacts have been assessed by micro and nano-indentation.Actualmente el telururo de bismuto (Bi2Te3 es el material termoeléctrico más ampliamente usado en sistemas de refrigeración comerciales o en la conversión de energía en torno a temperatura ambiente. Debido a su estructura laminar altamente anisótropa, el Bi2Te3 es muy frágil y suele agrietarse fácilmente a lo largo de su plano basal. Se espera que el afino del tamaño de grano incremente su tenacidad, con la ventaja de que al mismo tiempo la figura de mérito termoeléctrica se vea incrementada. En este trabajo, polvos del compuesto Bi2Te3 se han compactado mediante dos métodos convencionales y mediante deformación plástica severa bajo alta presión (3 GPa usando la técnica HPT (torsión a alta presión, 1 giro de deformación. Se ha conseguido una densidad cercana a la teórica. La dureza y tenacidad de los compuestos se han ensayado mediante micro- y nano- indentación.

  19. Detección de Mycoplasma genitalium mediante Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa en muestras urogenitales de individuos cubanos sexualmente activos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Brian Arturo Mondeja-Rodríguez

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available El diagnóstico de las infecciones por Mycoplasma genitalium mediante métodos bacteriológicos tradicionales resulta laborioso y poco práctico. Es por ello que los métodos moleculares basados en la amplificación del ADN se utilizan con fines diagnósticos de las infecciones causadas por este microorganismo. En Cuba se han realizado pocos estudios sobre la presencia de M. genitalium en el tracto urogenital. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue detectar M. genitalium en individuos cubanos sexualmente activos mediante la implementación de métodos de PCR simple. Se implementaron dos PCR simples para la detección de fragmentos de 427 pb del gen ARN ribosomal 16S y 281 pb del gen de la adhesina celular MgPa de M. genitalium, que se evaluaron en muestras de exudado endocervical provenientes de 300 mujeres con sintomatología urogenital y muestras de orina de 49 hombres asintomáticos sexualmente activos. Se logró un límite de detección de la PCR del ARNr 16S de aproximadamente 5 copias de genoma por reacción, mientras que para la PCR MgPa se logró la amplificación de solo 50 copias de genoma por reacción. El 3% (10/300 de los exudados endocervicales y el 24,5% (12/49 de las muestras de orina de hombres asintomáticos resultaron positivas mediante ambas PCR. El mayor porcentaje de muestras positivas correspondió a las muestras de orina provenientes de hombres asintomáticos, que resultó superior a lo esperado. El presente trabajo permitirá realizar estudios futuros de caracterización genética y antigénica de las cepas de Mycoplasma genitalium circulantes en Cuba, útiles para conformar un inmunógeno vacunal.

  20. Prácticas educativas. Desarrollo de la lectura mediante estrategias integradoras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maira Solé

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available La lectura y la escritura son procesos que cada día ameritan nuevos cambios y transformaciones. La propuesta de un Proyecto Pedagógico Integrador, (Fraca 2003 desarrollado con éxito en algunas instituciones venezolanas, se perfila como una alternativa significativa para el desarrollo de estos elementos. La idea o núcleo central es la integración de las diferentes asignaturas curriculares y lograr una globalización partiendo de sus objetivos y contenidos programáticos. El eje pedagógico integrador le permite al docente, evidenciar con mayor prontitud los resultados mediante actividades prácticas de lectura y escritura. Así mismo combina elementos claves del aprendizaje ausbeliano: información previa, información nueva y construcción de la información definitiva o integrada. La puesta en ejecución de las estrategias integradoras, en esta ocasión por maestros en formación (UNEG, a diferentes niños de escuelas del Estado Bolívar (Venezuela, certificando cómo la lectura y la escritura pueden tener un espacio ideal y significativo en la instrucción actual. Solo se necesita la intención, creatividad, dinamismo e ingenio.

  1. COMUNICACIÓN DE LOS RESULTADOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN OBSERVACIONAL: ANÁLISIS MEDIANTE LA GUÍA STROBE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jordi Galera Llorca

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Fundamento: En la publicación de la investigación biomédica se detectan deficiencias que han llevado a la aparición de guías cuyo seguimiento mejora la calidad de la comunicación. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el cumplimiento de los criterios de la Iniciativa Strobe para la publicación de estudios observacionales. Métodos: Análisis descriptivo transversal de los estudios observacionales de las áreas Cardiovascular y Metabolismo (CVM publicados en 6 revistas españolas a lo largo de 2009 mediante la aplicación de los 34 puntos de la Iniciativa STROBE. Se describieron las frecuencias de las variables cualitativas y los estimadores muestrales y de dispersión de las variables cuantitativas. El análisis comparativo entre revistas se realizó mediante el test ANOVA (p<0,05. Resultados: En 2009 se publicaron 74 estudios observacionales en las revistas evaluadas. Los más frecuentes fueron estudios de cohortes 45 (60,8% y transversales 28 (37,8%. En cuanto al objetivo principal, la mayoría fueron sobre patología 55 (74,3%, seguidos de fármacos e intervenciones no farmacológicas 15 (20,3% y diagnóstico 4 (5,4%. La media de criterios cumplidos fue de 20 sobre 34 (DE±3,7, con un máximo de 24 (DE±2 en Gaceta Sanitaria y un mínimo de 19 (DE±2,8 en Hipertensión. Conclusiones: Solo algo más de la mitad de los artículos cumplían las recomendaciones de la Iniciativa STROBE. Los apartados de Resultados y Métodos fueron los que mostraron más carencias.

  2. Solución al Problema de Secuenciación de Trabajos mediante el Problema del Agente Viajero

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G.E. Anaya Fuentes

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se estudia el Problema de Secuenciación de Trabajos codificado como un Problema de Agente Viajero y resuelto mediante Algoritmos Genéticos. Se propone un Algoritmo Genético en donde se comparan dos tipos de selección: por torneo y por ruleta. Se realizan diferentes pruebas para la solución del Problema del Agente Viajero con los dos tipos de selección bajo diferentes parámetros: número de individuos, número de iteraciones, probabilidad de cruce y probabilidad de mutación; a partir de estos se seleccionan los parámetros y el tipo de selección. Posteriormente se codifica al Problema de Secuenciación como un Problema del Agente Viajero. La propuesta se presenta mediante la aplicación a diferentes ejemplos del Problema de Secuenciación de Trabajos y la comparación con los resultados obtenidos en la literatura. Abstract: In this paper we proposed a solution to the Job-Shop Scheduling Problem using the Traveling Salesman Problem solved by Genetic Algorithms. We proposed a genetic algorithm where we compare two types of selection: tournament and roulette. Different tests are performed to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem with the two types of selection under different parameters: number of individuals, number of iterations, crossover probability and mutation probability. Then the best type of selection and the best parameters are used to solve the Job-Shop Scheduling Problem with Genetic Algorithms for the Traveling Salesman Problem. The proposal is presented solving different examples of Job Sequencing Problem and compare them with the results obtained in the literature. Palabras clave: algoritmos eficientes, sistemas industriales de producción, problemas de optimización, problema de agente viajero, Keywords: Efficient algorithms, industrial production systems, optimization problem, traveling salesman problem

  3. Inibição da formação de produtos da reação de Maillard por extrato de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) em sistemas modelo alimento

    OpenAIRE

    Érica de Lemos Ferreira Monaro

    2012-01-01

    INTRODUÇÃO: A reação de Maillard ocorre em alimentos termicamente processados e também em sistemas biológicos, em que é chamada de glicação. Esta reação ocorre entre grupos carbonilas e grupamentos aminas e tem especial importância em alimentos, pois promovem alterações sensoriais importantes ao sabor, aroma, aparência e textura. Em sistemas biológicos, entretanto, podem acarretar mudanças em estruturas moleculares que favorecem o estresse oxidativo e participam da patogenia de complicações m...

  4. Determinación de un polimorfo de la cimetidina mediante la calorimetría diferencial de barrido

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Martínez Álvarez

    1997-12-01

    Full Text Available Se estableció la diferencia entre 2 sustancias de masa molecular similar -la cimetidina A y la B-, pero de estructuras internas distintas, mediante el empleo de la técnica de calorimetría diferencial de barrido donde solamente una de ellas, la cimetidina B, posee la actividad farmacológica requerida, es decir, cumple con las especificaciones de la farmacopea.The difference between two substances of similar mollecular mass but of different internal structuras -cimetidine A and B- was established by using the differential scanning calorimetry. It was proved that only one of them, cimetidine B, has the required pharmacological activity, which means that it fulfills the pharmacopoeia specifications.

  5. Estimación mediante RAPD's de la diversidad genética en Guadua en el departamento del Cauca, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Palacio M. Juan Diego

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available

    Mediante RAPD's se analizaron 120 muestras foliares de 12 biotipos de Guadua angustifolia Kunth clasificados morfológicamente, procedentes de la cuenca del río Cauca, en el departamento del Cauca, Colombia, para determinar diversidad genética. El ADN se extrajo mediante el protocolo modificado de Dellaporta (1983. Se emplearon los cebadores; OPF-12, OPG-19, OPN-19 y OPP-16 con mayor número de bandas polimórficas. El índice de Shannon (HT = 0.4556 ± 0.1849 señaló diversidad genética total alta y diversidad entre los biotipos y al interior de ellos. El Índice de estructura genética (Gst = 0.5200 e Indice de migración efectiva (Nm = 0.4615 definieron biotipos bien diferenciados. El análisis de similaridad conformó tres grupos a un coeficiente de 0.64. El grupo G1 incluyó los biotipos Curvado, Rayada frecuente, Amarilla Playón, Rayada ancha, Rayada escasa, Convexa, Amarilla, Hembra, Verde irregular y algunos individuos de verde alta. El grupo G2, Verde alta y Macho. El grupo G3, Rayada negra. El estudio molecular agrupó los individuos de forma similar al estudio morfológico, con excepción de los individuos del biotipo Hembra.

    Palabras claves: Guadua angustifolia, caracterización molecular, variación genética.

  6. Programa nacional de prevención y consejería genética del retinoblastoma mediante detección de mutaciones en el gen RB.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. Frayle

    2001-07-01

    una la doble mutación inactivante del gen Rb, exclusivamente somática en los esporádicos y germinal más somática en los hereditarios. Esta investigacin tuvo como objetivo caracterizar las mutaciones en el gen Rb mediante secuenciación directa y evaluar su utilidad en la consejería genética.

  7. Procedimiento para aumentar la velocidad de obtención de biodiesel mediante su incorporación como aditivo

    OpenAIRE

    López Granados, Manuel; Mariscal López, Rafael; Martín Alonso, David; Bretes García, Pilar

    2008-01-01

    Procedimiento para aumentar la velocidad de obtención de biodiésel mediante su incorporación como aditivo. La presente invención se refiere al uso de biodiésel como aditivo para aumentar la velocidad de reacción en reacciones de transesterificación catalítica con alcoholes y para proteger a los catalizadores del contacto con el CO{sub,2} y H{sub,2}O atmosféricos. De forma más concreta, en esta invención se describe un procedimiento de obtención de biodiésel a partir de la transesterificación ...

  8. Reingeniería del proceso productivo empresarial mediante la incorporación de propuestas del campo de internet de las cosas.

    OpenAIRE

    CLIMENT PASCUAL, RAFAEL

    2015-01-01

    [ES] Nuevas tecnologías afectan a los sistemas empresariales. Una de estas tendencias se dirige hacia el concepto de empresa sensible (Sensing Enterprise), donde la empresa recibe información en tiempo real sobre su entorno, un entorno que es "global" por la naturaleza (mediante tweets, sensores de información, RFID o GPS como ejemplos) y alimenta constantemente su proceso de toma de decisiones, pudiendo este estar controlado por los "sujetos" (es decir, los seres humanos), o por los "objetos...

  9. Caracterización de nuevos recubrimientos biocompatibles de hidroxiapatita-TiO2 obtenidos mediante Proyección Térmica de Alta Velocidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Melero, H.

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Hydroxyapatite (HAp: Ca10(PO46OH2 is a biocompatible and bioactive ceramic material widely used as a coating on metal surfaces (dental implants, hip replacements ..., but the low adhesion between HAp and the substrate, due to differences in thermal expansion coefficients of both (very important in thermal spraying because of the fast cooling of the coating, which can produce a lost of adherence, and the degradation of HAp, have been tried to be improved through the incorporation of TiO2 to get a good combination of mechanical properties. Therefore, the objective of this project is to produce coatings of HAp 80% TiO2 and 20% (by weight on Ti6Al4V by High-Speed Thermal Spray (HVOF. The study of the microstructure has been carried out using scanning electron microscopy and characterization of the crystalline phases by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrometry. The coatings adhesion has been measured by tensile tests according to ASTM C633-01 (2008, and their bioactivity also has been evaluated through its immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF, in order to measure their capacity to form an apatite layer on their surface.La Hidroxiapatita (HAp: Ca10(PO46OH2, es un material cerámico biocompatible y bioactivo muy empleado como recubrimiento sobre superficies metálicas (implantes dentales, prótesis de cadera…; sin embargo, la baja adherencia entre la HAp y el sustrato, debida a las diferencias entre los coeficientes de expansión térmica de ambos (a tener en cuenta en recubrimientos por proyección térmica ya que el enfriamiento posterior a la proyección puede producir una pérdida de adherencia o incluso la descohesión del recubrimiento y a la degradación de la HAp, se está intentado mejorar mediante la incorporación de TiO2, para obtener una buena combinación de propiedades mecánicas y biológicas. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es la obtención de recubrimientos de 80% de HAp y 20% de TiO2 (en peso sobre Ti6Al4V mediante

  10. REMOCIÓN DE NÍQUEL Y DQO PRESENTES EN LAS AGUAS RESIDUALES DE LA INDUSTRIA AUTOMOTRIZ MEDIANTE ELECTROCOAGULACIÓN

    OpenAIRE

    Mercado Martínez, Iván Darío; González Silva, Germán; Valencia Hurtado, Sergio Humberto

    2013-01-01

    Mediante este estudio se determinó si la técnica de electrocoagulación contribuye a minimizar la concentración de níquel y materia orgánica y la demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) en las aguas residuales de la industria automotriz. Se empleó un diseño experimental factorial multinivel aleatorio en el que la densidad de la corriente y el tiempo de reacción fueron evaluados en tres niveles, mientras que la separación entre electrodos fue analizada en dos niveles. La electrocoagulación se llevó a ...

  11. Caracterización y cuantificación autmatizadas de menas metálicas mediante visión artificial : proyecto cameva

    OpenAIRE

    Castroviejo, Ricardo; Catalina, Juan-Carlos; Bernhardt, Heinz-Juergen; Espí, Jose Antonio; Pirard, Eric; Samper, Josefina; Brea, Carolina; Segundo, Fernando; Locutura, Juan; Perez-Barnuevo, Laura; Sanchez, Lazaro; Fidalgo, Angel

    2008-01-01

    El proyecto CAMEVA (Caracterización Automatizada de Menas metálicas mediante Visión Artificial) pretende desarrollar un sistema automatizado capaz de llevar a cabo la identificación y cuantificación de los minerales presentes en muestras de menas metálicas para facilitar su posible aprovechamiento industrial. El sistema integra un microscopio óptico de reflexión motorizado, una rueda de filtros monocromadores situada ante la fuente luminosa, una cámara B/N de investigación y un ordenador, en ...

  12. Detección fotométrica de residuos de antimicrobianos en leche mediante el sistema microbiológico ResScreen

    OpenAIRE

    Gasparotti, María Laura; Gasparotti, María Laura

    2012-01-01

    Para evitar los efectos perjudiciales que producen los residuos de antibióticos sobre la salud del consumidor y la industria láctea, se utilizan métodos de inhibición microbiológica. El sistema microbiológico ResScreen® permite detectar e identificar en forma específica antibióticos betalactámicos, tetraciclinas y sulfonamidas en un tiempo de 4 horas, mediante la utilización simultánea de los bioensayos BT (púrpura) y BS (negro). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue implementar un lector foto...

  13. Genotipificación de aislamientos de Bartonella bacilliformis por amplificación de elementos repetitivos mediante el uso de REP-PCR y ERIC-PCR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Padilla R

    2003-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Genotipificar los aislamientos de Bartonella bacilliformis a través de la amplificación de elementos repetitivos mediante el uso de ERIC-PCR y REP-PCR, y determinar si existe variabilidad genética entre aislamientos de varias zonas endémicas. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron mediante el uso del ERIC-PCR y REP-PCR 17 aislamientos de B. bacilliformis de Lima, Cusco y Ancash. Los aislamientos fueron realizados durante los años 1998 y 1999. Para el análisis de los patrones de bandas se usó el software GelCompar 4,0. Resultados: Fueron identificados en los 17 aislamientos 10 genotipos. Los genotipos D, E y H fueron detectados en Cusco; mientras que los genotipos B, C, G, J e I en Lima; y el genotipo F en Ancash. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que REP-PCR y ERIC-PCR son métodos útiles para genotipificar aislamientos de B. bacilliformis. La variabilidad genética debe ser tomada en cuenta en estudios epidemiológicos y clínicos de Bartonelosis; así como el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas diagnósticas y de vacunas.

  14. BIORREMEDIACIÓN DE UN SUELO CON DIESEL MEDIANTE EL USO DE MICROORGANISMOS AUTÓCTONOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ARRIETA RAMÍREZ OLGA MARIA

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio, se aisló y caracterizó bioquímica y molecularmente un consorcio bacteriano capaz de degradar los diferentes hidrocarburos presentes en un combustible diesel,conformado por los siguientes géneros: Enterobacter sp, Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus aureus, Sanguibacter soli, Arthrobacter sp y Flavobacterium sp, a partir de un suelo contaminado con diesel a escala de laboratorio, y tratado mediante 2 tecnologías de biorremediación: atenuación natural y bioestimulación. Se definió como parámetro de control la concentración de Hidrocarburos Totales del Petróleo (HTP y para el cual, se obtuvo una reducción en la concentración en un periodo de 4 meses de 36,86% para atenuación natural y 50,99% para bioestimulación. La medición de la eficiencia de remoción de hidrocarburos se cuantificó por cromatografía de gases acoplada a masas (GC-MS.

  15. Estudio de la carga interna en pádel amateur mediante la frecuencia cardíaca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús Díaz García

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar el nivel de condición física de 8 sujetos amateur de pádel, definir su perfil energético de esfuerzo en juego real mediante registro de frecuencia cardíaca (FC, y proponer un conjunto de variables justificadas de esta, que permita analizar el perfil de carga interna en pádel. Mediante prueba de esfuerzo incremental máxima en cinta de correr se obtuvieron parámetros ergoespirométricos, respiratorios y sus equivalentes cardíacos, introducidos en el sistema de registro de la FC Polar Team. Los sujetos disputaron 7 partidos de entrenamiento de 1 hora de duración y 72-96 horas de separación entre ellos, obteniéndose como variables: consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 máx y porcentaje (% de VO2 máx en el umbral anaeróbico; en prueba de esfuerzo, FC máx., media y mín., y zonas de trabajo metabólicas (rangos de FC. Los resultados presentan VO2 máx de 51,15 ± 5,73 ml · kg–1 · min–1, FC máx. durante el juego de 154,75 ± 7,25 ppm, FC med de 130,0 ± 10,4 ppm para tiempo de juego y 89,75 % del tiempo de juego en zona de trabajo aeróbica. Como conclusión, el esfuerzo al que son sometidos durante el juego a nivel cardiorrespiratorio los jugadores amateur de pádel se basa casi exclusivamente en metabolismos aeróbicos. Además, las variables máx., mín. y media de FC para tiempos de juego y descanso y el establecimiento de zonas de trabajo de FC pueden aportarnos información importante sobre lo que ocurre en el juego a nivel cardiorrespiratorio.

  16. Análisis de estabilidad de controladores borrosos tipo Mamdani mediante el cálculo del exponente de Lyapunov

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leonardo-Alonso Martínez Rivera

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: Determinar la estabilidad de los controladores, ya sea mediante simulaciones o mediante técnicas analíticas, es vital en su diseño e implantación. El método analítico de estabilidad en el sentido de Lyapunov requiere encontrar una función candidata, como criterio suficiente pero no necesario para tal fin. Esta función candidata es elusiva para los controladores borrosos. Se propone, como posible solución a este problema, cuantificar la estabilidad de los controladores borrosos mediante el exponente de Lyapunov (EL calculado numéricamente. Las series de tiempo de la cuales se calculan los exponentes de Lyapunov son obtenidas de la salida de diversos controladores borrosos tipo Mamdani en lazo cerrado con la dinámica de la planta no lineal estabilizada en una región de operación admisible. Los experimentos fueron llevados al cabo mediante la implantación del método numérico en la plataforma MATLAB, integrándolo con datos provenientes de la simulación de diversos controladores borrosos. La planta a controlar es el sistema carro-péndulo invertido modelado con la formulación Euler Lagrange. En cada experimento se obtuvo la serie de tiempo correspondiente a la señal de control y se calculó el exponente de Lyapunov. Aunque se observan variaciones en magnitud, el exponente calculado resulta negativo en todos los casos. Esto indica que los controladores difusos tipo Mamdani empleados son sistemas disipativos. Como trabajo futuro se esboza el empleo del EL en control adaptable. Abstract: In order to design and implement any type of controller, their stability analysis is pivotal. At this regard, Lyapunov's analytical method consists in finding a candidate function as a sufficient but not necessary condition to validate the stability of the controller. In the case of fuzzy controllers such a candidate function is not always found, leading to an uncertainty about their stability. To

  17. Resistencia a la insulina, cortisol y composición corporal mediante dilución isotópica en niños costarricenses

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A Valverde-Vindas

    2016-05-01

    ANTECEDENTES: la obesidad infantil es un proceso que involucra en sí mismo un estrés oxidativo y un estado inflamatorio crónico que estimula la producción de corticosteroides, promueve la aparición temprana de resistencia insulínica y de enfermedades como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2.  OBJETIVO: evaluar la composición corporal en población infantil costarricense mediante técnicas de dilución isotópica con deuterio y analizar su relación con el índice de resistencia a la insulina y niveles de cortisol sérico matutino.  MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: determinación de cortisol sérico matutino y resistencia a la insulina mediante el método homeostático en 113 niños y niñas escolares. Se realiza la comparación por grupos según la clasificación McCarthy para porcentaje de masa grasa, determinada mediante el método de dilución isotópica. RESULTADOS: no se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de masa grasa, según la clasificación McCarthy para las variables de cortisol sérico matutino e índice HOMA (modelo homeostático de resistencia a la insulina, en la muestra seleccionada. CONCLUSIÓN: en niños y niñas entre 6 y 9 años de edad no se evidencian las características bioquímicas que se esperan del síndrome metabólico, dada la poca exposición temporal al estrés oxidativo que produce la obesidad, determinada por medio de la medición de masa grasa con un método temprano como la dilución isotópica. Asimismo, en edades tempranas los mecanismos de detoxificación renal de los corticosteroides son suficientes para evitar su elevación sérica, protegiendo al niño de sus efectos a largo plazo.

  18. Recubrimientos decorativos de Ti, TiN y TiO2 sobre vidrio, depositados en vacío mediante pulverización por arco eléctrico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Straumal, B.

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available In a vacuum arc discharge, highly ionised species are formed, which permits an effective control of the deposition process and, particularly, to deposit Ti, TiN and TiO2 coatings on non-conducting materials like glass. Moreover, this technique allows us to position a mask between the substrates and the sheets to be coated. Another advantage of the vacuum arc technology is the low substrate temperature during the deposition. Data on the roughness, composition and corrosion resistance in architectural glass mask-coated with titanium nitride and oxide are presented and analysed in this work. A comparative analysis is made with reactive direct current sputtering and plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition techniques.La técnica de pulverización por arco eléctrico en vacío permite un control eficaz del proceso de deposición, ya que la temperatura del sustrato permanece baja durante dicho proceso. Además, mediante esta técnica pueden llevarse a cabo recubrimientos sobre superficies no conductoras y resulta posible la utilización de máscaras de plástico, colocadas entre la fuente y el sustrato a recubrir. En este trabajo se han llevado a cabo recubrimientos de Ti, TiN y TiO2 sobre vidrio arquitectónico. Los recubrimientos se han realizado con y sin dibujos, aplicados a través de máscaras. Se han estudiado algunas características de estos recubrimientos, como son la rugosidad, composición y resistencia contra la corrosión. Los análisis se han llevado a cabo mediante técnicas de microscopía de fuerza atómica, espectroscopía Auger y ensayos electroquímicos. Finalmente, se ha realizado un análisis comparativo con resultados obtenidos mediante otras técnicas de deposición.

  19. Diversidad genética intra e inter-específica de ñame (Dioscorea spp. de la región Caribe de Colombia mediante marcadores AFLP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alvarez Soto Andres

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Conocer la variabilidad genética del ñame, Dioscorea spp., permite apoyar estrategias de mejoramiento y conservación de este recurso fitogenético. El objetivo de este estudio fue la caracterización molecular de 20 accesiones de Dioscorea spp. mediante la técnica molecular de AFLP para determinar cómo se distribuye la variabilidad genética de manera intra e inter-específica. Los datos fueron analizados mediante los métodos de agrupación de correspondencia múltiple y análisis de similaridad de Dice, estableciendo los niveles de confiabilidad de los grupos genéticos mediante remuestreos. En términos de diversidad interespecífica, los valores promedios de similitud variaron entre 41.81% entre D. alata L. y D. rotundata Poir., y 33.51% entre D. trifida L.f. y D. esculenta (Lour. Burkill, lo que sugiere alta diversidad genética entre las accesiones estudiadas, que formaron cuatro grupos genéticos: D. alataD. rotundataD. esculenta y D. trifida, confirmando correspondencia entre la caracterización morfológica, clasificación botánica y la caracterización molecular. En términos de diversidad intraespecífica para la especie D. alata, el análisis también reveló una composición heterogénea en la región Caribe colombiana. Estos estudios ayudarán a definir una estrategia adecuada para fines de conservación y apoyar los esfuerzos futuros en los programas de mejoramiento genético.

  20. Una metodología basada en números difusos para la evaluación de criterios evaluables mediante un juicio de valor =A methodology based on fuzzy numbers for the evaluation of evaluable criteria through a value judgment

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Fuentes Bargues

    2017-08-01

    Full Text Available La adjudicación de un contrato por parte de una administración pública depende de criterios de adjudicación evaluables mediante fórmulas y de criterios evaluables mediante juicios de valor. Los primeros disponen de fórmulas definidas mientras que los segundos siempre tienen un sesgo subjetivo porque dependen del técnico que realiza la valoración. Con objeto de minimizar las consecuencias de las arbitrariedades o incertidumbres en la evaluación de los criterios evaluables mediante un juicio de valor se puede recurrir a la lógica difusa. La lógica difusa, borrosa o fuzzy es el razonamiento matemático que permite calcular de forma exacta las magnitudes correspondientes a conceptos vagos o situaciones poco previsibles para poder tener control sobre ellas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es desarrollar una metodología que permita a los órganos de contratación la evaluación de los criterios evaluables mediante un juicio de valor mediante la utilización de la lógica difusa. Abstract The award of a contract by a public administration depends on criteria assessed by formulae and criteria assessed by value judgements. For the former, various predetermined formulae can be employed while for the criteria assessed by value judgements will always contain some subjective bias by the individual who performs the evaluation. In order to minimize the consequences of the arbitrariness or uncertainties in the evaluation of criteria assessed by value judgments is possible to use the fuzzy logic. Diffuse, fuzzy or fuzzy logic is the mathematical reasoning that allows to calculate accurately the magnitudes corresponding to vague concepts or situations that are not very predictable to have control over them. The objective of this paper is to show a methodology which permits to the contracting authority to evaluate the criteria assessed by value judgments through fuzzy numbers.