Structural and magnetic properties of two branches of the tripod-kagome-lattice family A2R3Sb3O14 (A = Mg, Zn; R = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb)

Science.gov (United States)

Dun, Z. L.; Trinh, J.; Lee, M.; Choi, E. S.; Li, K.; Hu, Y. F.; Wang, Y. X.; Blanc, N.; Ramirez, A. P.; Zhou, H. D.

2017-03-01

We present a systematic study of the structural and magnetic properties of two branches of the rare-earth tripod-kagome-lattice (TKL) family A2R3Sb3O14 (A = Mg, Zn; R = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb; here, we use abbreviation A-R, as in MgPr for Mg2Pr3Sb3O14 ), which complements our previously reported work on MgDy, MgGd, and MgEr [Z. L. Dun et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 157201 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.157201]. The present susceptibility (χdc, χac) and specific-heat measurements reveal various magnetic ground states, including the nonmagnetic singlet state for MgPr, ZnPr; long-range orderings (LROs) for MgGd, ZnGd, MgNd, ZnNd, and MgYb; a long-range magnetic charge ordered state for MgDy, ZnDy, and potentially for MgHo; possible spin-glass states for ZnEr, ZnHo; the absence of spin ordering down to 80 mK for MgEr, MgTb, ZnTb, and ZnYb compounds. The ground states observed here bear both similarities as well as striking differences from the states found in the parent pyrochlore systems. In particular, while the TKLs display a greater tendency towards LRO, the lack of LRO in MgHo, MgTb, and ZnTb can be viewed from the standpoint of a balance among spin-spin interactions, anisotropies, and non-Kramers nature of single-ion state. While substituting Zn for Mg changes the chemical pressure, and subtly modifies the interaction energies for compounds with larger R ions, this substitution introduces structural disorder and modifies the ground states for compounds with smaller R ions (Ho, Er, Yb).

Phase formation and stability of quasicrystal/α-Mg interfaces in the Mg–Cd–Yb system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ohhashi, S.; Suzuki, K.; Kato, A.; Tsai, A.P.

2014-01-01

Phase formation involving icosahedral quasicrystals (iQc) in the Mg–Cd–Yb system was investigated. The phase diagrams obtained revealed that the iQc is in equilibrium with either (Mg, Cd) 2 Yb or an α-Mg phase over a wide composition range at 673 K. A eutectic reaction, where the melt decomposed to a rod-like lamella structure consisting of iQc and α-Mg phases was observed for Mg 68 Cd 24 Yb 8 at 735 K. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission microscopy observation of the iQc in Mg 96 Cd 3 Yb 1 verified the atomic positions of the Yb icosahedra and confirmed that the i-MgCdYb is isostructural to the i-CdYb. The formation of the eutectic structure is responsible for the high stability of the iQc/α-Mg interfaces because of good lattice matching; which is coincident interplanar spacing over several planes for the two phases. This coincidence in interplanar spacing was further confirmed in the real atomic structure, for which the twofold planes of the iQc, and the [0 0 0 2] and [2 −1 −1 0] planes of α-Mg are dominant factors in determining the stability of the interfaces

Inflation and wavelets for the icosahedral Danzer tiling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kramer, Peter; Andrle, Miroslav

2004-01-01

The distribution of atoms in quasi-crystals lacks periodicity and displays point symmetry associated with non-crystallographic modules. Often it can be described by quasi-periodic tilings on R 3 built from a finite number of prototiles. The modules and the canonical tilings of five-fold and icosahedral point symmetry admit inflation symmetry. In the simplest case of stone inflation, any prototile when scaled by the golden section number τ can be packed from unscaled prototiles. Observables supported on R 3 for quasi-crystals require symmetry-adapted function spaces. We construct wavelet bases on R 3 for the icosahedral Danzer tiling. The stone inflation of the four Danzer prototiles is given explicitly in terms of Euclidean group operations acting on R 3 . By acting with the unitary representations inverse to these operations on the characteristic functions of the prototiles, we recursively provide a full orthogonal wavelet basis of R 3 . It incorporates the icosahedral and inflation symmetry

On the origin of the giant magnetic moment of the Al-Mn quasicrystals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bocharov P.V.

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Ab initio calculations of magnetic moments for icosahedral clusters contained in crystal structures Al10Mn3, Al5Co2, Al17Mn4 (Al13Cr4Si4-type fulfilled in the framework of Density Functional Theory. The AlMn cluster having the trigonal D3h symmetry with the triangle of Mn ions in the interior has the moment being equal to three magnetic moments of a single manganese ion (4.4 μB, the moment of the tetrahedral Td cluster with the Mn tetrahedron in the interior is equal approximately to twelve magnetic moments of the single manganese ion (15.5 μB. The magnetic moment of icosahedral Al-Co clusters having the same configuration is equal to zero. The magnetic moments of the rod assembled from the icosahedral clusters with the sequence Td D3h - Td was found to be 20.5 μB. This value permits to explain the giant magnetic moment of icosahedral and decagonal Al-Mn quasicrystals and gives the indirect evidence to the hierarchical model of the quasicrystals structure proposed by the authors recently. An arrangement of magnetic moment carriers in the interior of the aluminum shell of icosahedral clusters permits to suggest the interaction between contacting manganese ions as the main origin of the giant magnetic moment of the Al-Mn quasicrystals.

CHANNELING IN QUASI-CRYSTALS

NARCIS (Netherlands)

VANVOORTHUYSEN, EHD; SMULDERS, PJM; WERKMAN, RD; DEBOER, JL; VANSMAALEN, S

Ion-beam channeling has been observed in quasicrystals. For 1 MeV He-4+ ions in icosahedral AlCuFe the maximum effect found is 36%. The full width at half maximum of the observed dips is 1.3-degrees. The effect persists up to great depths (> 200 nm), thus showing a high degree of ordering in this

Effect of Ligand Substitution around the Dy(III) on the SMM Properties of Dual-Luminescent Zn-Dy and Zn-Dy-Zn Complexes with Large Anisotropy Energy Barriers: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Magnetostructural Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Costes, Jean Pierre; Titos-Padilla, Silvia; Oyarzabal, Itziar; Gupta, Tulika; Duhayon, Carine; Rajaraman, Gopalan; Colacio, Enrique

2016-05-02

The new dinuclear Zn(II)-Dy(III) and trinuclear Zn(II)-Dy(III)-Zn(II) complexes of formula [(LZnBrDy(ovan) (NO3)(H2O)](H2O)·0.5(MeOH) (1) and [(L(1)ZnBr)2Dy(MeOH)2](ClO4) (3) (L and L(1) are the dideprotonated forms of the N,N'-2,2-dimethylpropylenedi(3-methoxysalicylideneiminato and 2-{(E)-[(3-{[(2E,3E)-3-(hydroxyimino)butan-2-ylidene ]amino}-2,2-dimethylpropyl)imino]methyl}-6-methoxyphenol Schiff base compartmental ligands, respectively) have been prepared and magnetostructurally characterized. The X-ray structure of 1 indicates that the Dy(III) ion exhibits a DyO9 coordination sphere, which is made from four O atoms coming from the compartmental ligand (two methoxy terminal groups and two phenoxido bridging groups connecting Zn(II) and Dy(III) ions), other four atoms belonging to the chelating nitrato and ovanillin ligands, and the last one coming to the coordinated water molecule. The structure of 3 shows the central Dy(III) ion surrounded by two L(1)Zn units, so that the Dy(III) and Zn(II) ions are linked by phenoxido/oximato bridging groups. The Dy ion is eight-coordinated by the six O atoms afforded by two L(1) ligands and two O atoms coming from two methanol molecules. Alternating current (AC) dynamic magnetic measurements of 1, 3, and the previously reported dinuclear [LZnClDy(thd)2] (2) complex (where thd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato ligand) indicate single molecule magnet (SMM) behavior for all these complexes with large thermal energy barriers for the reversal of the magnetization and butterfly-shaped hysteresis loops at 2 K. Ab initio calculations on 1-3 show a pure Ising ground state for all of them, which induces almost completely suppressed quantum tunnelling magnetization (QTM), and thermally assisted quantum tunnelling magnetization (TA-QTM) relaxations via the first excited Kramers doublet, leading to large energy barriers, thus supporting the observation of SMM behavior. The comparison between the experimental and theoretical

Enhanced ultraviolet photo-response in Dy doped ZnO thin film

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Pawan; Singh, Ranveer; Pandey, Praveen C.

2018-02-01

In the present work, a Dy doped ZnO thin film deposited by the spin coating method has been studied for its potential application in a ZnO based UV detector. The investigations on the structural property and surface morphology of the thin film ensure that the prepared samples are crystalline and exhibit a hexagonal crystal structure of ZnO. A small change in crystallite size has been observed due to Dy doping in ZnO. AFM analysis ascertains the grain growth and smooth surface of the thin films. The Dy doped ZnO thin film exhibits a significant enhancement in UV region absorption as compared to the pure ZnO thin film, which suggests that Dy doped ZnO can be used as a UV detector. Under UV irradiation of wavelength 325 nm, the photocurrent value of Dy doped ZnO is 105.54 μA at 4.5 V, which is 31 times greater than that of the un-doped ZnO thin film (3.39 μA). The calculated value of responsivity is found to increase significantly due to the incorporation of Dy in the ZnO lattice. The observed higher value of photocurrent and responsivity could be attributed to the substitution of Dy in the ZnO lattice, which enhances the conductivity, electron mobility, and defects in ZnO and benefits the UV sensing property.

ION-BEAM CHANNELING IN A QUASI-CRYSTAL

NARCIS (Netherlands)

VANVOORTHUYSEN, EHD; SMULDERS, PJM; WERKMAN, RD; DEBOER, JL; VANSMAALEN, S

1992-01-01

We have observed ion-beam channeling in a quasicrystal. For 1-MeV He-4+ ions in icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe the maximum effect found is 36%. The full width at half maximum of the observed dips is 1.3-degrees. The effect persists up to great depths (> 200 nm), thus showing a high degree of ordering in this

Phonons in models for icosahedral quasicrystals: low frequency behaviour an inelastic scattering properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Los, J.; Janssen, T.; Gaehler, F.

1993-01-01

A detailed study of the low frequency behaviour of the phonon spectrum for 3-dimensional tiling models of icosahedral quasicrystals is presented, in commensurate approximations with up to 10336 atoms per unit cell. The scaling behaviour of the lowest phonon branches shows that the widths of the gaps relative to the bandwidths vanish in the low frequency limit. The density of states at low frequencies is calculated by Brillouin zone integration, using either local linear or local quadratic interpolation of the branch surface. For perfect approximants it appears that there is a deviation from the normal ω 2 -behaviour already at relatively low frequencies, in the form of pseudogaps. Also randomized approximants are considered, and it turns out that the pseudogaps in the density of states are flattened by randomization. When approaching the quasiperiodic limit, the dispersion of the acoustic branches becomes more and more isotropic, and the two transversal sound velocities tend to the same value. The dynamical structure factor is determined for several approximants, and it is shown that the linearity and the isotropy of the dispersion are extended far beyond the range of the acoustic branches inside the Brillouin zone. A sharply peaked response is observed at low frequencies, and broadening at higher frequencies. To obtain these results, an efficient algorithm based on Lanczos tridiagonalisation is used. (orig.)

Effects in Mg-Zn-based alloys strengthened by quasicrystalline phase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vlček, M; Čížek, J; Lukáč, F; Melikhova, O; Hruška, P; Procházka, I; Vlach, M; Stulíková, I; Smola, B; Jäger, A

2016-01-01

Magnesium Mg-based alloys are promising lightweight structural materials for automotive, aerospace and biomedical applications. Recently Mg-Zn-Y system attracted a great attention due to a stable icosahedral phase (I-phase) with quasicrystalline structure which is formed in these alloys. Positron lifetime spectroscopy and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction were used to study thermal stability of I-phase and precipitation effects in Mg-Zn-Y and Mg- Zn-Al alloys. All alloys containing quasicrystalline I-phase exhibit misfit defects characterized by positron lifetime of ∼ 300 ps. These defects are associated with the interfaces between I- phase particles and Mg matrix. The quasicrystalline I-phase particles were found to be stable up to temperatures as high as ∼ 370°C. The W-phase is more stable and melts at ∼ 420°C. Concentration of defects associated with I-phase decreases after annealing at temperatures above ∼ 300°C. (paper)

Sonochemical synthesis of Dy-doped ZnO nanostructures and their photocatalytic properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yayapao, Oranuch [Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand); Thongtem, Titipun, E-mail: ttpthongtem@yahoo.com [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand); Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand); Phuruangrat, Anukorn, E-mail: phuruangrat@hotmail.com [Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 (Thailand); Thongtem, Somchai [Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand); Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 (Thailand)

2013-11-05

Highlights: •Undoped and Dy-doped ZnO used as photocatalysts. •They were synthesized by sonochemistry. •The promising materials for treatment of organic pollutants. -- Abstract: Dy-doped ZnO nanostructures were synthesized by a sonochemical method. The concentration effect of Dy on their phase, morphology, optical properties and photocatalytic activities was investigated. XRD patterns indicated that the as-synthesized 0–3% Dy-doped ZnO was hexagonal wurtzite structure. SEM and TEM show that the products were nanorods with their growth direction along the c axis. The photoluminescence spectrum of 3% Dy-doped ZnO, applied by Gaussian analysis, consists of three emission peaks at 376 nm, 448 nm and 487 nm. The photocatalytic activities of the as-synthesized products were determined from the degradation of methylene blue (C{sub 16}H{sub 18}N{sub 3}SCl) by UV radiation. In this research, the 3% Dy-doped ZnO showed the highest photocatalytic activity.

Sonochemical synthesis of Dy-doped ZnO nanostructures and their photocatalytic properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yayapao, Oranuch; Thongtem, Titipun; Phuruangrat, Anukorn; Thongtem, Somchai

2013-01-01

Highlights: •Undoped and Dy-doped ZnO used as photocatalysts. •They were synthesized by sonochemistry. •The promising materials for treatment of organic pollutants. -- Abstract: Dy-doped ZnO nanostructures were synthesized by a sonochemical method. The concentration effect of Dy on their phase, morphology, optical properties and photocatalytic activities was investigated. XRD patterns indicated that the as-synthesized 0–3% Dy-doped ZnO was hexagonal wurtzite structure. SEM and TEM show that the products were nanorods with their growth direction along the c axis. The photoluminescence spectrum of 3% Dy-doped ZnO, applied by Gaussian analysis, consists of three emission peaks at 376 nm, 448 nm and 487 nm. The photocatalytic activities of the as-synthesized products were determined from the degradation of methylene blue (C 16 H 18 N 3 SCl) by UV radiation. In this research, the 3% Dy-doped ZnO showed the highest photocatalytic activity

Microstructure and corrosion properties of as sub-rapid solidification Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy in dynamic simulated body fluid for vascular stent application.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Jun; Wang, Liguo; Guan, Shaokang; Zhu, Shijie; Ren, Chenxing; Hou, Shusen

2010-07-01

Magnesium alloy stent has been employed in animal and clinical experiment in recent years. It has been verified to be biocompatible and degradable due to corrosion after being implanted into blood vessel. Mg-Y-Gd-Nd alloy is usually used to construct an absorbable magnesium alloy stent. However, the corrosion resistant of as cast Mg-Y-Gd-Nd alloy is poor relatively and the control of corrosion rate is difficult. Aiming at the requirement of endovascular stent in clinic, a new biomedical Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy with low Zn and Y content (Zn/Y atom ratio 6) was designed, which exists quasicrystals to improve its corrosion resistance. Additionally, sub-rapid solidification processing was applied for preparation of corrosion-resisting Mg-Zn-Y-Nd and Mg-Y-Gd-Nd alloys. Compared with the as cast sample, the corrosion behavior of alloys in dynamic simulated body fluid (SBF) (the speed of body fluid: 16 ml/800 ml min(-1)) was investigated. The results show that as sub-rapid solidification Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy has the better corrosion resistance in dynamic SBF due to grain refinement and fine dispersion distribution of the quasicrystals and intermetallic compounds in alpha-Mg matrix. In the as cast sample, both Mg-Zn-Y-Nd and Mg-Y-Gd-Nd alloys exhibit poor corrosion resistance. Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy by sub-rapid solidification processing provides excellent corrosion resistance in dynamic SBF, which open a new window for biomedical materials design, especially for vascular stent application.

Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of shock waves in Laves crystals and icosahedral quasicrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roth, Johannes

2002-01-01

Quasicrystals and ordinary crystals both possess long-range translational order. But quasicrystals are aperiodic since their symmetry is non-crystallographic. The aim of this project is to study the behavior of shock waves in periodic and aperiodic structures and to compare the results. The expectation is that new types of defects are generated in the aperiodic materials. The materials studied are two models of (AlCu)Li quasicrystals and the C15 Laves phase, a low-order approximant of the quasicrystals. An elastic wave is found in the simulations up to a piston velocity of about up < 0.25 cl. Between 0.5 < up/cl < 0.5 the slope of elastic wave velocity slows down, and a new plastic wave is observed. Extended defect are generated, but no simple two-dimensional walls. The defect bands have finite width and a disordered structure. If the crystal is quenched a polycrystalline phase is obtained. For the quasicrystal the transformation is more complex since ring processes occur in the elastic regime already. Starting at about up < 0.5 cl a single plastic shock wave is observed. In this range all structures are destroyed completely

Bronze-mean hexagonal quasicrystal

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Dotera, Tomonari; Bekku, Shinichi; Ziherl, Primož

2017-10-01

The most striking feature of conventional quasicrystals is their non-traditional symmetry characterized by icosahedral, dodecagonal, decagonal or octagonal axes. The symmetry and the aperiodicity of these materials stem from an irrational ratio of two or more length scales controlling their structure, the best-known examples being the Penrose and the Ammann-Beenker tiling as two-dimensional models related to the golden and the silver mean, respectively. Surprisingly, no other metallic-mean tilings have been discovered so far. Here we propose a self-similar bronze-mean hexagonal pattern, which may be viewed as a projection of a higher-dimensional periodic lattice with a Koch-like snowflake projection window. We use numerical simulations to demonstrate that a disordered variant of this quasicrystal can be materialized in soft polymeric colloidal particles with a core-shell architecture. Moreover, by varying the geometry of the pattern we generate a continuous sequence of structures, which provide an alternative interpretation of quasicrystalline approximants observed in several metal-silicon alloys.

Scanning tuneeling microscopy studies of fivefold surfaces of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals and of thin silver films on those surfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Unal, Baris [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2008-01-01

The present work in this dissertation mainly focuses on the clean fivefold surfaces of i-Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals as well as the nucleation and growth of Ag films on these surfaces. In addition, Ag film growth on NiAl(110) has been explored in the frame of this dissertation. First, we have investigated the equilibration of a fivefold surface of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystal at 900-915 K and 925-950 K, using Omicron variable temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Annealing at low temperatures resulted in many voids on some terraces while the others were almost void-free. After annealing at 925-950K, void-rich terraces became much rarer. Our STM images suggest that through growth and coalescence of the voids, a different termination becomes exposed on host terraces. All of these observations in our study indicate that even after the quasicrystalline terrace-step structure appears, it evolves with time and temperature. More specifically, based on the STM observations, we conclude that during the annealing a wide range of energetically similar layers nucleate as surface terminations, however, with increasing temperature (and time) this distribution gets narrower via elimination of the metastable void-rich terraces. Next, we have examined the bulk structural models of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystal in terms of the densities, compositions and interplanar spacings for the fivefold planes that might represent physical surface terminations. In our analyses, we mainly have focused on four deterministic models which have no partial or mixed occupancy but we have made some comparisons with an undeterministic model. We have compared the models with each other and also with the available experimental data including STM, LEED-IV, XPD and LEIS. In all deterministic models, there are two different families of layers (a pair of planes), and the nondeterministic model contains similar group of planes. These two families differ in terms of the chemical decoration of

SIMULATION OF ION-BEAM CHANNELING IN ICOSAHEDRAL AL63CU25FE12

NARCIS (Netherlands)

VANVOORTHUYSEN, EHD; SMULDERS, PJM; VANSMAALEN, S

1993-01-01

Monte Carlo simulations of channeling on the icosahedral quasicrystal Al63Cu25Fe12 were made, using an experimentally determined structure model for this phase. The channeling effect was found to be nearly as good as for a normal, periodic crystal. Dip widths are in agreement with experimental

Influence of Dy in solid solution on the degradation behavior of binary Mg-Dy alloys in cell culture medium.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Lei; Ma, Liangong; Huang, Yuanding; Feyerabend, Frank; Blawert, Carsten; Höche, Daniel; Willumeit-Römer, Regine; Zhang, Erlin; Kainer, Karl Ulrich; Hort, Norbert

2017-06-01

Rare earth element Dy is one of the promising alloying elements for magnesium alloy as biodegradable implants. To understand the effect of Dy in solid solution on the degradation of Mg-Dy alloys in simulated physiological conditions, the present work studied the microstructure and degradation behavior of Mg-Dy alloys in cell culture medium. It is found the corrosion resistance enhances with the increase of Dy content in solid solution in Mg. This can be attributed to the formation of a relatively more corrosion resistant Dy-enriched film which decreases the anodic dissolution of Mg. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Locality constraints and 2D quasicrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Socolar, J.E.S.

1990-01-01

The plausible assumption that long-range interactions between atoms are negligible in a quasicrystal leaks to the study of tilings that obey constraints on the local configurations of tiles. The theory of such constraints (called matching rules) for 2D quasicrystal tilings is reviewed here. Different types of matching rules are defined and examples of tilings obeying them are given where known. The role of tile decoration is discussed and is shown to be significant in at least two cases (octagonal and dodecagonal duals of periodic 4-grids and 6-grids). A new result is introduced: a constructive procedure is described for generating weak matching rules for tilings with N-fold symmetry, for any N that is either a prime number or twice a prime number. The physics associated with weak matching rules, results on local growth rules, and the case of icosahedral symmetry are all briefly discussed. (author). 29 refs, 4 figs

Emission spectra of phosphor MgSO4 doped with Dy and Mn

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Chunxiang; Chen Lixin; Tang Qiang; Luo Daling; Qiu Zhiren

2001-01-01

Emission spectra of phosphor MgSO 4 doped with Dy and Dy/Mn were measured with an optical multichannel analyzer and a linear heating system whose temperature was controlled by a microcomputer. The emission spectrum bands at 480 nm and 580 nm of phosphor MgSO 4 doped with Dy were observed in the three dimensional (3D) glow curves. Compared with the 3D spectrum of CaSO 4 :Dy and the spectrum bands of MgSO 4 :Dy shows the same wavelengths which resulted from the quantum transitions among the energy levels of Dy 3 '+ ions. The intensities of the glow peaks in both spectrum bands (480 nm and 580 nm) of phosphor MgSO 4 doped with Dy/Mn were dramatically reduced except the 380 degree C glow peak

Mechanical and corrosion properties of binary Mg-Dy alloys for medical applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang Lei, E-mail: lei.yang@hzg.de [Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Materials Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht (Germany); Yuanding, Huang; Qiuming, Peng; Feyerabend, Frank; Kainer, Karl Ulrich; Willumeit, Regine; Hort, Norbert [Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Materials Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht (Germany)

2011-12-15

Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of binary magnesium-dysprosium (Mg-5, 10, 15, 20 wt.% Dy) alloys were investigated for medical applications. In the as-cast condition, the distribution of Dy is quite inhomogeneous. Mg-10Dy alloy exhibits a moderate tensile and compression yield strength, and the best elongation and corrosion resistance. After T4 (solutionizing) treatment, the distribution of Dy becomes homogeneous. The tensile and compression yield strength of all Mg-Dy alloys decreases. The elongation remains unchanged, while the corrosion resistance is largely improved after T4 treatment.

Mechanical properties, corrosion, and biocompatibility of Mg-Zr-Sr-Dy alloys for biodegradable implant applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Ding, Yunfei; Lin, Jixing; Wen, Cuie; Zhang, Dongmei; Li, Yuncang

2017-11-28

This study investigates the microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and biocompatibility of magnesium (Mg)-based Mg1Zr2SrxDy (x = 0, 1, 1.63, 2.08 wt %) alloys for biodegradable implant applications. The corrosion behavior of the Mg-based alloys has been evaluated in simulated body fluid using an electrochemical technique and hydrogen evolution. The biocompatibility of the Mg-based alloys has been assessed using SaSO2 cells. Results indicate that the addition of Dy to Mg-Zr-Sr alloy showed a positive impact on the corrosion behavior and significantly decreased the degradation rates of the alloys. The degradation rate of Mg1Zr2Sr1.0Dy decreased from 17.61 to 12.50 mm year -1 of Mg1Zr2Sr2.08Dy based on the hydrogen evolution. The ultimate compressive strength decreased from 270.90 MPa for Mg1Zr2Sr1Dy to 236.71 MPa for Mg1Zr2Sr2.08Dy. An increase in the addition of Dy to the Mg-based alloys resulted in an increase in the volume fraction of the Mg 2 Dy phase, which mitigated the galvanic effect between the Mg 17 Sr 2 phase and the Mg matrix, and led to an increase in the corrosion resistance of the base alloy. The biocompatibility of the Mg-based alloys was enhanced with decreasing corrosion rates. Mg1Zr2Sr2.08Dy exhibited the lowest corrosion rate and the highest biocompatibility compared with the other Mg-based alloys. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Thermoluminescence kinetic analysis and dosimetry features of MgSO4:Dy and MgSO4:Cu nano-rods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zahedifar, M.; Almasifard, F.; Sadeghi, E.; Biroon, M. Kashefi; Ramazani- Moghaddam-Arani, A.

2016-01-01

MgSO 4 :Dy and MgSO 4 :Cu nano-rods (NRs) were synthesized for the first time by semi co- precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were utilized for sample characterization. The optimum amount of dysprosium and copper concentrations were obtained both at 0.1 mol% in MgSO 4 :Dy and MgSO 4 :Cu NRs. T m -T stop and computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) methods were used for identifying the number of component glow peaks and kinetic parameters of the synthesized NRs. Initial rise and variable heating rate methods were also used to ensure the reliability of obtained kinetic parameters. Results show that the TL sensitivity of MgSO 4 :Dy is about 7 times more than that of magnesium sulfate doped with Cu. The TL dose response of MgSO 4 :Dy and MgSO 4 :Cu NRs are linear up to absorbed dose of 10 KGy. Other TL dosimetry characteristics of the produced NRs are also presented and discussed. - Highlights: • MgSO4:Dy and MgSO4:Cu nano-rods were synthesized for the first time. • Thermoluminescence dosimetry properties were studied. • The nano-phosphors showed linear dose response up to very high dose levels. • The synthesized nano-rods have potential application for high dose dosimetry.

Synthesis and characterization of heterobinuclear (La-Zn, Pr-Zn, Nd-Zn, Sm-Zn, Eu-Zn, Gd-Zn, Tb-Zn, Dy-Zn) azine-bridged complexes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, Bachcha; Srivastav, A.K.; Singh, P.K.

1997-01-01

Zinc(II) complex of 2-acetylpyridine salicyl aldazine (Haps) of the type Zn(aps) 2 (H 2 O) 2 has been synthesised. The reaction of Zn(aps) 2 (H 2 O) 2 with lanthanide chlorides, LnCl 3 (where Ln=La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy) yields azine-bridged heterobinuclear complexes of the formulae LnCl 3 Zn(aps) 2 (H 2 O) 2 . These complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight, conductance (solid and solution) and magnetic susceptibility measurements, mass, IR and electronic spectral data. X-ray powder diffraction data indicate the tetragonal unit lattice for Zn(aps) 2 (H 2 O) 2 and PrCl 3 Zn(aps) 2 (H 2 O) 2 . (author)

Structural characteristics and corrosion behavior of biodegradable Mg-Zn, Mg-Zn-Gd alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Kubásek, J; Vojtěch, D

2013-07-01

In this research, binary Mg-Zn (up to 3 wt% Zn) and ternary Mg-Zn-Gd (up to 3 wt% Gd, 3 wt% Zn) alloys were prepared by induction melting in an argon atmosphere. The structures of these alloys were characterized using light and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. In addition, Brinell hardness measurements were taken to supplement these studies. Corrosion behavior was evaluated by immersion tests and potentiodynamic measurements in a physiological solution (9 g/l NaCl). Depending on the composition, structures of the as-cast alloys contained α-Mg dendrites, MgZn, Mg5Gd and Mg3Gd2Zn3 phases. Compared to pure Mg, zinc improved the corrosion resistance of binary Mg-Zn. Gadolinium also improved the corrosion resistance in the case of Mg-1Zn-3Gd alloy. The highest corrosion rate was observed for Mg-3Zn-3Gd alloy. Our results improve the understanding of the relationships between the structure and corrosion behavior of our studied alloy systems.

Structural features in icosahedral Al63Cu25Fe12

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Howell, R.H.; Solal, F.; Turchi, P.E.A.; Berger, C.; Calvayrac, Y.

1991-01-01

Since the discovery of a quasicrystalline phase in Al-Mn alloys a substantial amount of work has been done to understand the structural and physical properties of this new class of materials. More recently the discovery of a thermodynamically stable icosahedral phase in AlCuFe presents the opportunity to study pure quasicrystalline phases of high structural quality by eliminating known defects, especially phason disorder by conventional heat treatment. In particular it was shown that annealing treatments of as quenched samples resulted in a dramatic reduction in the width of the diffraction peaks associated with the elimination of as quenched defects, present in other quasicrystals. Positron annihilation lifetime measurements have a high sensitivity to intrinsic defects and positron annihilation radiation angular correlation measurements are well suited to measurements of electronic structure in systems where the defect effects do not dominate. We have measured positron annihilation lifetime and angular correlations on quasicrystalline samples of Al 63 Cu 25 Fe 12 in the pure icosahedral phase

Induced assembly and photoluminescence of lanthanum (Tb, Eu, Dy) complexes/ZnO/polyethylene glycol hybrid phosphors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yan Bing [Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092 (China)]. E-mail: byan@tongji.edu.cn; Chen Xi [Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092 (China); Wu Jianhua [Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092 (China)

2007-08-31

Some novel kinds of hybrid phosphors were assembled with lanthanum (Tb, Eu, Dy) complexes (with four kinds of terbium complexes is 2,4-dihydroxybenzonic acid (DHBA), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), acetylacetone (AA) and nicotinic acid (Nic), respectively) doped ZnO/PEG particles by co-precipitation approach derived from Zn(CH{sub 3}COO){sub 2} (Zn(AC){sub 2}), NaOH, PEG as precursors at room temperature. The characteristic luminescence spectra for f-f transitions of Tb{sup 3+}, Eu{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+} were observed. It is worthy to point out that ZnO is the excellent host for lanthanum ions by the assembly of PEG matrices.

Near white light emitting ZnAl2O4:Dy3+ nanocrystals: Sol–gel synthesis and luminescence studies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumar, Mithlesh; Gupta, Santosh K.; Kadam, R.M.

2016-01-01

Highlights: • ZnAl 2 O 4 :Dy 3+ spinel synthesized using sol–gel method. • Characterized by XRD, SEM and PL spectroscopy. • Investigations of emission, excitation and lifetime properties. • Evaluation of defect centers and trap parameters of the system. • Evaluation of CIE indices of near white light emitting phosphor. - Abstract: ZnAl 2 O 4 :Dy 3+ nanoparticles were synthesized using citrate sol–gel method and characterized systematically using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Emission spectrum of pure ZnAl 2 O 4 shows intense violet blue emission under ultra violet irradiation. Based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results; it was attributed to presence of singly ionized oxygen vacancy centres in ZnAl 2 O 4 . On doping Dy 3+ in ZnAl 2 O 4 , complete host–dopant energy transfer does not take place. Local structural investigation and lifetime measurements reveal that dysprosium ion is distributed between both Zn 2+ and Al 3+ sites. Near white light from ZnAl 2 O 4 :Dy 3+ is attributed to combined host and dopant luminescence. The trap parameters such as activation energy (E) and frequency factor (s) for TSL glow peak 165 °C were determined using different heating rate method. Thermally stimulated emission showed the presence of oxygen related defect centre.

Biosynthesised ZnO : Dy3+ nanoparticles: Biodiesel properties and reusable catalyst for N-formylation of aromatic amines with formic acid

Science.gov (United States)

Reddy Yadav, L. S.; Raghavendra, M.; Sudheer Kumar, K. H.; Dhananjaya, N.; Nagaraju, G.

2018-04-01

ZnO nanoparticles doped with trivalent dysprosium ions (Dy3+) were prepared through the green combustion technique using E. tirucalli plant latex as a fuel. The fundamental and optical properties of the samples are examined via the X-ray diffraction, FTIR, UV-visible analytical methods and morphology by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Rietveld refinement results show that the ZnO : Dy3+ were crystallized in the wurtzite hexagonal structure with space group P63mc (No. 186). The average particle size of ZnO : Dy3+ prepared with the different concentration of latex was found to be in the range 30-38nm, which is also confirmed by TEM analysis. A rapid and convenient method for the one-pot preparation of N-formamide derivatives aromatic amines and amino acid esters has been developed using Dy3+ doped ZnO as a catalytic agent. This method provides an efficient and much improved modification over reported protocols regarding yield, clean and work-up procedure milder reaction conditions. In this work, Pongamiapinnata oil was recycled for the preparation of biodiesel via Dy3+ doped ZnO as a catalytic agent.

Two-dimensional electron gases in MgZnO/ZnO and ZnO/MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures grown by dual ion beam sputtering

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Rohit; Arif Khan, Md; Sharma, Pankaj; Than Htay, Myo; Kranti, Abhinav; Mukherjee, Shaibal

2018-04-01

This work reports on the formation of high-density (~1013-1014 cm-2) two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in ZnO-based heterostructures, grown by a dual ion beam sputtering system. We probe 2DEG in bilayer MgZnO/ZnO and capped ZnO/MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures utilizing MgZnO barrier layers with varying thickness and Mg content. The effect of the ZnO cap layer thickness on the ZnO/MgZnO/ZnO heterostructure is also studied. Hall measurements demonstrate that the addition of a 5 nm ZnO cap layer results in an enhancement of the 2DEG density by about 1.5 times compared to 1.11 × 1014 cm-2 for the uncapped bilayer heterostructure with the same 30 nm barrier thickness and 30 at.% Mg composition in the barrier layer. From the low-temperature Hall measurement, the sheet carrier concentration and mobility are both found to be independent of the temperature. The capacitance-voltage measurement suggests a carrier density of ~1020 cm-3, confined in 2DEG at the MgZnO/ZnO heterointerface. The results presented are significant for the optimization of 2DEG for the eventual realization of cost-effective and large-area MgZnO/ZnO-based high-electron-mobility transistors.

Increasing the effective energy barrier promoted by the change of a counteranion in a Zn-Dy-Zn SMM: slow relaxation via the second excited state.

Science.gov (United States)

Oyarzabal, I; Ruiz, J; Ruiz, E; Aravena, D; Seco, J M; Colacio, E

2015-08-11

The trinuclear complex [ZnCl(μ-L)Dy(μ-L)ClZn]PF6 exhibits a single-molecule magnetic behaviour under zero field with a relatively large effective energy barrier of 186 cm(-1). Ab initio calculations reveal that the relaxation of the magnetization is symmetry-driven (the Dy(III) ion possesses a C2 symmetry) and occurs via the second excited state.

Transmission electron microscopy study of dislocation motion in icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mompiou, F.; Caillard, D.

2005-01-01

Perfect and imperfect dislocations trailing phason faults in quasi-crystals are introduced using a simplified two-dimensional aperiodic structure. Then, on the basis of observations of deformed specimens as well as in situ experiments in a transmission electron microscope, the motion of dislocations in icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn is shown to take place exclusively by climb. Under such conditions, the very high brittleness of Al-Pd-Mn at low and medium temperatures is proposed to be a consequence of the difficulty of glide, which itself appears to be an intrinsic property of the quasi-crystalline structure

Microstructural evolution in Mg-rich Mg-Zn-Y alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Biswas, T.; Ranganathan, S.; Nair, S.; Bajargan, G.

2005-01-01

Mg-rich Mg-Zn-Y alloys with nominal compositions Mg 97 Zn 1 Y 2 , Mg 97 Zn 2 Y 1 , Mg 92 Zn 6.5 Y 1.5 and Mg 97-x Zn 1 Y 2 Zr x have been chosen for the present study. These alloys are prepared by using sand casting mold. The sand cast alloys are remelted and subjected to copper mold casting and melt spinning techniques. The effect of cooling rate on microstructures was studied. It is observed that the size of the precipitates decreases with an increase of cooling rate. The formation of nano precipitates results in higher strength of the alloy as compared to the conventional alloys. The microstructures of melt spun ribbons are compared with RS/PM (rapidly solidified power metallurgy) Mg 97 Zn 1 Y 2 alloy, obtained from a different source. (author)

Structural and optical properties of ZnMgO nanostructures formed by Mg in-diffused ZnO nanowires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pan, C.-J.; Hsu, H.-C.; Cheng, H.-M.; Wu, C.-Y.; Hsieh, W.-F.

2007-01-01

ZnMgO nanostructures with wurtzite phase were prepared by thermal diffusion of Mg into the ZnO nanowires. As ZnO light-emitting devices have been operated by using ZnMgO layers as energy barrier layers to confine the carriers, it is essential to realize the characterization of ZnMgO particularly. In this work, the Mg content in Zn 1 -x Mg x O alloy determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) shows a good coincidence. The variation of lattice constant and the blueshift of near-band-edge emission indicate that Zn 2+ ions are successfully substituted by Mg 2+ ions in the ZnO lattice. In Raman-scattering studies, the change of E 2 (high) phonon line shape in ZnO:Mg nanostructures reveals the microscopic substitutional disorder. In addition to the host phonons of ZnO, two additional bands around 383 and 510 cm -1 are presumably attributed to the Mg-related vibrational modes. - Graphical abstract: We reported the synthesis of the ZnMgO nanostructures prepared by a simple vapor transport method. Magnesium-related anomalous modes are observed by Raman spectra for the first time in ZnMgO system

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Surface Structures of Icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe Quasicrystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cai, Tanhong [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2001-01-01

Three papers are included in this dissertation. The first paper: ''Structural aspects of the fivefold quasicrystalline Al-Cu-Fe surface from STM and dynamical LEED studies'', is in press with ''Surface Science''. The second paper: ''An STM study of the atomic structure of the icosahedral Al-Cu-Fe fivefold surface'' is submitted to ''Physical Review B, Rapid Communication''. The third paper: ''Pseudomorphic starfish: arrangement of extrinsic metal atoms on a quasicrystalline substrate'' is submitted to ''Nature''. Following the third paper are general conclusions and appendices that document the published paper ''Structural aspects of the three-fold surface of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn'' (appearing in volume 461, issue 1-3 of ''Surface Science'' on page L521-L527, 2000), the design as well as the specifications of the aluminum evaporator used in the aluminum deposition study in this dissertation, an extended discussion of the aluminum deposition on the quasicrystalline surface, and the STM database.

Nonlinear photonic quasicrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freedman, B.; Bartal, G.; Segev, M.; Lifshitz, R.; Christodoulides, D.; Fleischer, J.

2005-01-01

Full Text:Quasicrystals are structures with long-range order and no periodicity, whose unique structural and physical properties have intrigued scientists ever since their discovery and initial theoretical analysis more than two decades ago. The lack of periodicity excludes the use of well-established theoretical and experimental tools for the analysis of quasicrystals, including such notions as the Brillouin zone and Bloch theorem. Instead, the quasiperiodic atomic arrangement gives rise to unique properties such as a hierarchy of effective Brillouin (or Jones) zones, yielding a fractal-like band structure, and the existence of unique phason degrees of freedom. Generally, in atomic quasicrystals it is very difficult to directly observe the evolution of electronic wave-packets propagating through the structure, or the dynamics of the structure itself. Photonic quasicrystals, on the other hand, are macroscopic objects and hence their internal wave dynamics can be locally excited and directly imaged. Here, we employ optical induction to create 2D photonic quasicrystals, and explore wave transport phenomena in quasicrystals in ways that were impossible until now. We demonstrate linear tunneling-transport of light initiated at different crystal sites, and observe the formation of lattice solitons when the light is made sufficiently intense. We experiment with dynamical photonic quasicrystals, in which crystal sites interact with one another, and directly observe dislocation dynamics: creation, healing, and local structural rearrangement due to phason flips. Our experiments show that photonic quasicrystals are an excellent model system through which one can study the universal features of wave dynamics in quasiperiodic structures, that should apply not only to photonics, but also to other systems such as matter waves in quasiperiodic traps, generic pattern-forming systems as in parametrically-excited surface waves, liquid quasicrystals, as well as the more familiar

Influence of ageing treatment on microstructure, mechanical and bio-corrosion properties of Mg-Dy alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Lei; Huang, Yuanding; Feyerabend, Frank; Willumeit, Regine; Kainer, Karl Ulrich; Hort, Norbert

2012-09-01

Mg-Dy alloys have shown to be promising for medical applications. In order to investigate the influence of ageing treatment on their mechanical and corrosion properties, three Mg-xDy alloys (x=10, 15, 20 wt%) were prepared. Their microstructure, mechanical and corrosion behavior were investigated. The results indicate that ageing at 250 °C has little influence on the mechanical and corrosion properties. In contrast, ageing at 200 °C significantly increases the yield strength, and reduces the ductility. After ageing at 200 °C, the corrosion rate of Mg-20Dy alloy increases largely in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution, but remains unchanged in cell culture medium. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

X-ray diffraction study on the microstructure of a Mg-Zn-Y alloy consolidated by high-pressure torsion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jenei, Peter [Department of Materials Physics, Eoetvoes Lorand University, Budapest, P.O.B. 32, H-1518 (Hungary); Gubicza, Jeno, E-mail: gubicza@metal.elte.hu [Department of Materials Physics, Eoetvoes Lorand University, Budapest, P.O.B. 32, H-1518 (Hungary); Yoon, Eun Yoo; Kim, Hyoung Seop [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784 (Korea, Republic of)

2012-10-25

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Mg{sub 95}Zn{sub 4.3}Y{sub 0.7} powder was consolidated by HPT at RT and 373 K. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The consolidated disks comprised ultrafine grains with high density of dislocations. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Quasicrystalline dispersoids strengthen the material by increasing the dislocation density. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Twinning in the Mg matrix was marginal during HPT. - Abstract: Mg{sub 95}Zn{sub 4.3}Y{sub 0.7} (at.%) alloy powder produced by an inert gas-atomizer was consolidated by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature and 373 K. The phase composition and the microstructure were investigated by X-ray diffraction and the microstructural parameters were correlated to the yield strength. HPT-processing yielded an ultrafine-grained microstructure with high dislocation density, leading to a large yield strength of the samples. Both the gas-atomized powder and the consolidated samples contained an icosahedral Mg{sub 3}YZn{sub 6} phase (I-phase) besides the main phase of {alpha}-Mg. It turned out that the I-phase dispersoids strengthen the consolidated material indirectly by increasing the dislocation density due to their pinning effect.

Characterization and Luminescence Properties of Color-Tunable Dy3+-Doped BaY2ZnO5 Nanophosphors

Science.gov (United States)

Sonika; Khatkar, S. P.; Khatkar, Avni; Kumar, Rajesh; Taxak, V. B.

2015-01-01

Dy3+-doped BaY2ZnO5 nanophosphors were successfully synthesized by use of a solution combustion process. The effects of sintering temperature and dysprosium concentration on the structural and luminescence characteristics of the phosphors were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of pure orthorhombic BaY2ZnO5 with the space group Pbnm at 1100°C. Morphological investigation revealed spherical nanoparticles with smooth surfaces. The luminescence features of the nanophosphor were studied by use of photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence emission (PL), with luminescence decay curves and color ( x, y) coordinates. On excitation at 355 nm, BaY2ZnO5 nanophosphor doped with trivalent dysprosium ion emits white light as a mixture of blue (4F9/2 → 6H15/2) and yellow (4F9/2 → 6H13/2) emission. Concentration quenching is explained on the basis of cross-relaxation between intermediate Dy3+ states. Thus, BaY2ZnO5:Dy3+ nanophosphor may be suitable for producing efficient white light for ultraviolet-light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs), fluorescent lamps, and a variety of optical display panels.

Fabrication and Luminescent properties of ZnWO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+} white light-emitting phosphors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhai, Yongqing, E-mail: zhaiyongqinghbu@163.com; Wang, Meng; Zhao, Qian; Yu, Jiabao; Li, Xuemin

2016-04-15

ZnWO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+},Dy{sup 3+} white light-emitting phosphors were prepared by a hydrothermal method followed with calcination process. The as-synthesized phosphors were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, Raman spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), diffused reflectance spectra, photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra, and photoluminescence decay curves. Furthermore, external quantum efficiency of ZnWO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+},Dy{sup 3+} was determined. The results showed that the obtained phosphors have monoclinic wolframite structure. The particles of the phosphors was nearly spherical in shape, and the particle size was about 70–100 nm. Upon excitation at UV light, the white light-emitting can be obtained by combining the blue–green emission of tungstate group and characteristic emission of Eu{sup 3+} and Dy{sup 3+}. Based on the excitation/emission spectra and decay curves, the energy transfer and photoluminescence mechanism for ZnWO{sub 4}:Eu{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+} system were discussed.

The Effects of Dy Addition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the As-Cast Mg-5Al-3Ca-2Nd Alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Son, Hyeon-Taek; Kim, Yong-Ho; Yoo, Hyo-Sang

2018-03-01

The microstructure of the as-cast Mg-5Al-3Ca-2Nd-xDy alloys consists of α-Mg matrix, (Mg, Al)2Ca eutectic phase, Al-Nd and Al-Dy intermetallic compounds. α-Mg matrix morphology was changed from dendritic to equiaxed with the increase Dy addition. And grain size was remarkably refined. As Dy content was increased, yield strength was improved due to the refined grains and the homogeneous distribution of Al-Dy phase.

Study of the density of electrons in momentum space in the Al-Li-Cu icosahedral phase by means of positron annihilation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tanaka, Yoshikazu; Nanao, Susumu [Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Roppongi, Minato, Tokyo 106 (Japan); Tanigawa, Shoichiro [Institute of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 (Japan)

1997-12-15

The three-dimensional momentum density of annihilating electron - positron pairs has been studied for a single Al-Li-Cu icosahedral quasicrystal. A direct Fourier transform method is employed to reconstruct the three-dimensional momentum density from measurements of the two-dimensional angular correlation of positron annihilation radiation (2 D-ACAR). The crystallographic anisotropy in the momentum density is observed to be very small. The asphericity of the Fermi surface is not found explicitly within the experimental resolution in the momentum space. The features of the three-dimensional electron - positron momentum density agree with those obtained by means of Compton profile measurement. It is suggested that a strong lattice - electron interaction at the Fermi level occurs in this icosahedral phase. (author)

Extended icosahedral structures

CERN Document Server

Jaric, Marko V

1989-01-01

Extended Icosahedral Structures discusses the concepts about crystal structures with extended icosahedral symmetry. This book is organized into six chapters that focus on actual modeling of extended icosahedral crystal structures. This text first presents a tiling approach to the modeling of icosahedral quasiperiodic crystals. It then describes the models for icosahedral alloys based on random connections between icosahedral units, with particular emphasis on diffraction properties. Other chapters examine the glassy structures with only icosahedral orientational order and the extent of tra

Spectral properties of Dy3+ doped ZnAl2O4 phosphor

Science.gov (United States)

Prakash, Ram; Kumar, Sandeep; Mahajan, Rubby; Khajuria, Pooja; Kumar, Vinay; Choudhary, R. J.; Phase, D. M.

2018-05-01

Herein, Dy3+ doped ZnAl2O4 phosphor was synthesized by the solution combustion method. The synthesized phosphor was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The phase purity of the phosphor was confirmed by the XRD studies that showed cubic symmetry of the synthesized phosphor. Under UV excitation (388 nm) the PL emission spectrum of the phosphor shows characteristic transition from the Dy3+ ion. A band gap of 5.2 eV was estimated from the diffused reflectance spectroscopy. The surface properties of the phosphor were studied using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Element distribution in the corrosion layer and cytotoxicity of alloy Mg-10Dy during in vitro biodegradation.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Lei; Hort, Norbert; Laipple, Daniel; Höche, Daniel; Huang, Yuanding; Kainer, Karl Ulrich; Willumeit, Regine; Feyerabend, Frank

2013-11-01

The present work investigates the corrosion behaviour, the element distribution in the corrosion layer and the cytocompatibility of alloy Mg-10Dy. The corrosion experiments were performed in a cell culture medium (CCM) under cell culture conditions close to the in vivo environment. The element distribution on the surface as well as in cross-sections of the corrosion layer was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The cytocompatibility of alloy Mg-10Dy with primary human osteoblasts was evaluated by MTT, cell adhesion and live/dead staining tests. The results show that the corrosion layer was enriched in Dy, while the P and Ca content gradually decreased from the surface to the bottom of the corrosion layer. In addition, large amounts of MgCO3·3H2O formed in the corrosion layer after 28 days immersion. Both extracts and the Dy-enriched corrosion layer of alloy Mg-10Dy showed no cytotoxicity to primary human osteoblasts. Copyright © 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Production of thermoluminescent dosemeters based on MgB4O7: Dy and MgB4O7: Tm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souza, Luiza Freire de; Souza, Divanizia N.

2013-01-01

The thermoluminescent dosimetry (TL) is a well-established technique for the detection of ionizing radiation in hospitals, clinics, and industrial establishments where there is the need to quantify the radiation. For this practice is require the use phosphors which are sensitive to radiation. Some phosphors are already commonly used in this practice, for example, TLD-100 (LiF: Mg, Ti), CaSO 4 :Tm and CaSO 4 :Dy. A compound that was most recently introduced in dosimetry and has many advantageous features to detect neutrons, electrons and gamma is the magnesium tetraborate (MgB 4 O 7 ), but the undoped material is not good for dosimetry, since signal does not show satisfactory thermoluminescence. The present work presents the analysis of the compound MgB 4 O 7 when doped with rare earth elements, thulium (Tm) and dysprosium (Dy). The production of MgB 4 O 7 : Dy and MgB 4 O 7 : Tm occurred under acidic conditions. Following the process of crystal growth, several tests were made on phosphors produced to verify the quality of materials as TL dosimeter. Initially, was made the identification of the crystalline phases found in the material, using the technique of X-ray diffractometry, and then were evaluated and compared the TL emission curves of the crystals with two different types of dopants, to this, the samples were irradiated with different radiation sources: 137 Cs (0,66 MeV), 60 Co (1.25 MeV) and X-rays (0.41 MeV) and based on the results was evaluated the energy dependence of phosphors. Another characteristic analyzed, was the decay of TL signal for the material (fading). The results show that the material can be an excellent TL dosimeter when doped with rare earth elements Dy and Tm. (author)

Investigation of the surface terminations of icosahedral AlPdMn quasicrystal based on a modified non-spherical model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yu Fengmei; Zou Huamin; Wang Jianbo; Wang Renhui

2004-01-01

The atomic positions are obtained from a modified non-spherical model of icosahedral AlPdMn quasicrystal (Fang et al 2003 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 15 4947) by the cut method. The four-shell pseudo-Mackay clusters (PMCs) were searched for in a box of 400 A x 400 A x 400 A. The results show that the number of atoms in the fourth shell, an icosidodecahedron, of the pseudo-Mackay cluster can vary from 15 to 30 because of the cluster overlap, and about 99.96% of the total atoms are included in such incomplete pseudo-Mackay clusters. The characteristics of the atom distribution in the planes perpendicular to a fivefold axis indicate that the planes, which are 1.56 A apart from their neighbouring planes, are expected to be the terminal surfaces. If one such a plane and its closest neighbouring plane, between which the spacing is 0.48 A, are considered as a thin layer or a corrugated surface, these layers are also the layers with the maximum density. The pair of corrugated surfaces that are 1.56 A apart have almost identical chemical composition. These planes form terraces that follow the rule of the Fibonacci sequence with two step heights, 6.60 and 4.08 A. On the corrugated surfaces perpendicular to a fivefold axis the pentagonal holes arise from the interspaces of adjacent incomplete PMCs. For the atomic planes normal to a twofold axis, the planes with spacing of 1.48 A from their adjacent planes might be expected to be the terminal surfaces, which form terraces with step heights of 6.28 and 3.88 A following the rule of the Fibonacci sequence. For the atomic planes normal to a threefold axis, the planes with spacing of 0.86 A from their adjacent planes might be expected to be the terminal surfaces. No similar results were found for the atomic layers perpendicular to a pseudo-twofold axis

Electron confinement at diffuse ZnMgO/ZnO interfaces

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maddison L. Coke

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Abrupt interfaces between ZnMgO and ZnO are strained due to lattice mismatch. This strain is relaxed if there is a gradual incorporation of Mg during growth, resulting in a diffuse interface. This strain relaxation is however accompanied by reduced confinement and enhanced Mg-ion scattering of the confined electrons at the interface. Here we experimentally study the electronic transport properties of the diffuse heteroepitaxial interface between single-crystal ZnO and ZnMgO films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The spatial extent of the interface region is controlled during growth by varying the zinc flux. We show that, as the spatial extent of the graded interface is reduced, the enhancement of electron mobility due to electron confinement more than compensates for any suppression of mobility due to increased strain. Furthermore, we determine the extent to which scattering of impurities in the ZnO substrate limits the electron mobility in diffuse ZnMgO–ZnO interfaces.

Electron confinement at diffuse ZnMgO/ZnO interfaces

Science.gov (United States)

Coke, Maddison L.; Kennedy, Oscar W.; Sagar, James T.; Warburton, Paul A.

2017-01-01

Abrupt interfaces between ZnMgO and ZnO are strained due to lattice mismatch. This strain is relaxed if there is a gradual incorporation of Mg during growth, resulting in a diffuse interface. This strain relaxation is however accompanied by reduced confinement and enhanced Mg-ion scattering of the confined electrons at the interface. Here we experimentally study the electronic transport properties of the diffuse heteroepitaxial interface between single-crystal ZnO and ZnMgO films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The spatial extent of the interface region is controlled during growth by varying the zinc flux. We show that, as the spatial extent of the graded interface is reduced, the enhancement of electron mobility due to electron confinement more than compensates for any suppression of mobility due to increased strain. Furthermore, we determine the extent to which scattering of impurities in the ZnO substrate limits the electron mobility in diffuse ZnMgO-ZnO interfaces.

Biocompatibility Assessment of Novel Bioresorbable Alloys Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu for Endovascular Applications: In- Vitro Studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Persaud-Sharma, Dharam; Budiansky, Noah; McGoron, Anthony J

2013-01-01

Previous studies have shown that using biodegradable magnesium alloys such as Mg-Zn and Mg-Zn-Al possess the appropriate mechanical properties and biocompatibility to serve in a multitude of biological applications ranging from endovascular to orthopedic and fixation devices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of novel as-cast magnesium alloys Mg-1Zn-1Cu wt.% and Mg-1Zn-1Se wt.% as potential implantable biomedical materials, and compare their biologically effective properties to a binary Mg-Zn alloy. The cytotoxicity of these experimental alloys was evaluated using a tetrazolium based- MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) assay and a lactate dehydrogenase membrane integrity assay (LDH). The MTS assay was performed on extract solutions obtained from a 30-day period of alloy immersion and agitation in simulated body fluid to evaluate the major degradation products eluted from the alloy materials. Human foreskin fibroblast cell growth on the experimental magnesium alloys was evaluated for a 72 hour period, and cell death was quantified by measuring lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. Both Mg-Zn-Se and Mg-Zn-Cu alloys exhibit low cytotoxicity levels which are suitable for biomaterial applications. The Mg-Zn-Cu alloy was found to completely degrade within 72 hours, resulting in lower human foreskin fibroblast cell viability. The Mg-Zn-Se alloy was shown to be less cytotoxic than both the Mg-Zn-Cu and Mg-Zn alloys.

Synthesis and mechanical properties of conventionally cast icosahedral particle-reinforced Al-Mn(-Cu)-Be-Si alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fleury, E.; Chang, H.J.; Kim, D.H.; Kim, D.H.; Kim, W.T.

2005-01-01

The microstructure of the Al-Mn(-Cu)-Be-Si alloys analyzed by X-ray diffraction and TEM consisted of icosahedral (i) quasicrystal particles embedded in α Al matrix. The conjoint addition of Si and Be elements enabled the i-phase formation in diameter 10 mm specimens prepared by conventional casting technique. The size, volume fraction and stability of the i-phase were found to be dependent on the Mn content. The addition of 2 at.% Cu did not affect the formation and stability of the i-phase but contributed significantly to the enhancement of the mechanical properties. (orig.)

On the phototransferred thermoluminescence in MgB4O7:Dy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Richmond, R.G.

1987-01-01

On exposure to ionizing radiations, the normal traps in MgB 4 0 7 :Dy can be emptied by the readout process only or by annealing at suitable temperatures, leaving the deep traps still intact. Subsequently, it is possible to repopulate the dosimetric peak by illuminating with u.v. light. Charge carriers released from the traps during the second readout give rise to a thermoluminescent output proportional to the ionizing radiation exposure and the u.v. radiant energy. This is called phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL). The PTTL method can be utilized for the reassessment of the initial γ-ray exposure. This paper presents the measurements of the intrinsic response of the commercially available MgB 4 0 7 :Dy to u.v. radiation, with a demonstration of its use for γ-ray dose re-estimation using the PTTL technique. (author)

Enhancement of Two-Dimensional Electron-Gas Properties by Zn Polar ZnMgO/MgO/ZnO Structure Grown by Radical-Source Laser Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Li Meng

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A Zn polar ZnMgO/MgO/ZnO structure with low Mg composition Zn1-xMgxO layer (x = 0.05 grown on a-plane (11–20 sapphire by radical-source laser molecular beam epitaxy was reported. The insertion of a thin (1 nm MgO layer between ZnMgO and ZnO layers in the ZnMgO/ZnO 2DEG structures results in an increase of 2DEG sheet density and affects electron mobility slightly. The carrier concentration reached a value as high as 1.1 × 1013 cm−2, which was confirmed by C-V measurements. A high Hall mobility of 3090 cm2/Vs at 10 K and 332 cm2/Vs at RT was observed from Zn0.95Mg0.05O/MgO/ZnO heterostructure. The choice of the thickness of MgO was discussed. The dependence of carrier sheet density of 2DEG on ZnMgO layer thickness was calculated in theory and the theoretical prediction and experimental results agreed well.

Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of Mg-Dy-Gd-Zr alloys for medical applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, L; Huang, Y; Feyerabend, F; Willumeit, R; Mendis, C; Kainer, K U; Hort, N

2013-11-01

In previous investigations, a Mg-10Dy (wt.%) alloy with a good combination of corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility showed great potential for use as a biodegradable implant material. However, the mechanical properties of Mg-10Dy alloy are not satisfactory. In order to allow the tailoring of mechanical properties required for various medical applications, four Mg-10(Dy+Gd)-0.2Zr (wt.%) alloys were investigated with respect to microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties. With the increase in Gd content, the number of second-phase particles increased in the as-cast alloys, and the age-hardening response increased at 200°C. The yield strength increased, while the ductility reduced, especially for peak-aged alloys with the addition of Gd. Additionally, with increasing Gd content, the corrosion rate increased in the as-cast condition owing to the galvanic effect, but all the alloys had a similar corrosion rate (~0.5 mm year(-1)) in solution-treated and aged condition. Copyright © 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quasicrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Steurer, W.

1996-01-01

Quasicrystals are new materials with strictly defined quasiperiodic atomic long-range order. One of their most striking features is their scaling symmetry (self-similarity) in direct and reciprocal space. The quasiperiodic order gives rise to a new type of low-energy excitations, the so-called phason modes which are related to well-defined atomic jumps. The open problems connected with the research on quasicrystals and the role of neutron scattering in their solution is discussed. (author) 13 figs., 24 refs

Quasicrystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steurer, W [ETH Zurich, Lab. of Crystallography, Zurich (Switzerland)

1996-11-01

Quasicrystals are new materials with strictly defined quasiperiodic atomic long-range order. One of their most striking features is their scaling symmetry (self-similarity) in direct and reciprocal space. The quasiperiodic order gives rise to a new type of low-energy excitations, the so-called phason modes which are related to well-defined atomic jumps. The open problems connected with the research on quasicrystals and the role of neutron scattering in their solution is discussed. (author) 13 figs., 24 refs.

Formation of Al70Cu20Fe10 icosahedral quasicrystal by mechanically alloyed method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yin Shilong; Bian Qing; Qian Liying; Zhang Aimei

2007-01-01

The structural evolutions of the mechanically alloyed ternary Al 70 Cu 20 Fe 10 powders with the milling time and the annealing treatment have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XAFS) techniques. Results show that an Al 2 Cu compound forms with short-time milling, while a Cu 9 Al 4 compound forms with long-time milling. Fe can react with Al-Cu alloy by annealing treatment. Al 7 Cu 2 Fe compound with tetragonal structure or Al (Cu, Fe) solid solution with cubic structure may form at lower temperature, while a quasicrystal phase of Al 65 Cu 20 Fe 15 alloy may form at higher temperature

Production of thermoluminescent dosemeters based on MgB{sub 4}O{sub 7}: Dy and MgB{sub 4}O{sub 7}: Tm; Producao de dosimetros termoluminescentes a base de MgB{sub 4}O{sub 7}: Dy e MgB{sub 4}O{sub 7}: Tm

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Luiza Freire de; Souza, Divanizia N., E-mail: luizaf25@hotmail.com, E-mail: divanizi@ufs.br [Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristovao, SE (Brazil). Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Fisica

2013-07-01

The thermoluminescent dosimetry (TL) is a well-established technique for the detection of ionizing radiation in hospitals, clinics, and industrial establishments where there is the need to quantify the radiation. For this practice is require the use phosphors which are sensitive to radiation. Some phosphors are already commonly used in this practice, for example, TLD-100 (LiF: Mg, Ti), CaSO{sub 4}:Tm and CaSO{sub 4}:Dy. A compound that was most recently introduced in dosimetry and has many advantageous features to detect neutrons, electrons and gamma is the magnesium tetraborate (MgB{sub 4}O{sub 7}), but the undoped material is not good for dosimetry, since signal does not show satisfactory thermoluminescence. The present work presents the analysis of the compound MgB{sub 4}O{sub 7} when doped with rare earth elements, thulium (Tm) and dysprosium (Dy). The production of MgB{sub 4}O{sub 7}: Dy and MgB{sub 4}O{sub 7}: Tm occurred under acidic conditions. Following the process of crystal growth, several tests were made on phosphors produced to verify the quality of materials as TL dosimeter. Initially, was made the identification of the crystalline phases found in the material, using the technique of X-ray diffractometry, and then were evaluated and compared the TL emission curves of the crystals with two different types of dopants, to this, the samples were irradiated with different radiation sources: {sup 137}Cs (0,66 MeV), {sup 60}Co (1.25 MeV) and X-rays (0.41 MeV) and based on the results was evaluated the energy dependence of phosphors. Another characteristic analyzed, was the decay of TL signal for the material (fading). The results show that the material can be an excellent TL dosimeter when doped with rare earth elements Dy and Tm. (author)

Corrosion and Discharge Behaviors of Mg-Al-Zn and Mg-Al-Zn-In Alloys as Anode Materials

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jiarun Li

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The Mg-6%Al-3%Zn and Mg-6%Al-3%Zn-(1%, 1.5%, 2%In alloys were prepared by melting and casting. Their microstructures were investigated via metallographic and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS analysis. Moreover, hydrogen evolution and electrochemical tests were carried out in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution aiming at identifying their corrosion mechanisms and discharge behaviors. The results suggested that indium exerts an improvement on both the corrosion rate and the discharge activity of Mg-Al-Zn alloy via the effects of grain refining, β-Mg17Al12 precipitation, dissolving-reprecipitation, and self-peeling. The Mg-6%Al-3%Zn-1.5%In alloy with the highest corrosion rate at free corrosion potential did not perform desirable discharge activity indicating that the barrier effect caused by the β-Mg17Al12 phase would have been enhanced under the conditions of anodic polarization. The Mg-6%Al-3%Zn-1.0%In alloy with a relative low corrosion rate and a high discharge activity is a promising anode material for both cathodic protection and chemical power source applications.

Cold and warm white light generation using Zn(PO{sub 3}){sub 2} glasses activated by Ce{sup 3+}, Dy{sup 3+} and Mn{sup 2+}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caldino, U., E-mail: cald@xanum.uam.mx [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, P.O. Box 55-534, 09340 Mexico, D.F. (Mexico); Alvarez, E. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), Boulevard Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000 (Mexico); Speghini, A.; Bettinelli, M. [Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Universita di Verona, and INSTM, UdR Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, I-37314 Verona (Italy)

2012-08-15

The photoluminescence of zinc metaphosphate glasses activated by Dy{sup 3+}, Ce{sup 3+}/Dy{sup 3+} and Ce{sup 3+}/Dy{sup 3+}/Mn{sup 2+} ions was investigated. Non-radiative energy transfers from Ce{sup 3+} to Dy{sup 3+} and Ce{sup 3+} to Mn{sup 2+} are observed upon 280 nm excitation. The non-radiative nature of these transfers is inferred from the increase in the decay rate of the Ce{sup 3+} emission when the glass is co-doped with Dy{sup 3+} or Dy{sup 3+}/Mn{sup 2+}. It is demonstrated that zinc metaphosphate glasses can generate cold or warm white light emission when they are doped with Ce{sup 3+}/Dy{sup 3+} or Ce{sup 3+}/Dy{sup 3+}/Mn{sup 2+} and pumped at 280 nm (peak emission wavelength of AlGaN-based LEDs). The CIE1931 chromaticity coordinates and color temperature were (0.34, 0.35) and 5250 K for the cold light, and (0.47, 0.43) and 2700 K for the warm light. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Non-radiative energy transfer from Ce{sup 3+} to Dy{sup 3+} and Mn{sup 2+} takes place in Zn(PO{sub 3}){sub 2} glasses doped with Ce{sup 3+}/Dy{sup 3+}/Mn{sup 2+}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Zn(PO{sub 3}){sub 2} glasses doped with Ce{sup 3+}/Dy{sup 3+} can generate 5250 K cold white light emission. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Zn(PO{sub 3}){sub 2} glasses doped with Ce{sup 3+}/Dy{sup 3+}/Mn{sup 2+} can generate 2700 K warm yellowish orange light emission.

Thermodynamic properties of Al-Mn, Al-Cu, and Al-Fe-Cu melts and their relations to liquid and quasicrystal structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaitsev, A I; Zaitseva, N E; Shimko, R Yu; Arutyunyan, N A; Dunaev, S F; Kraposhin, V S; Lam, Ha Thanh

2008-01-01

Thermodynamic properties of molten Al-Mn, Al-Cu and Al-Fe-Cu alloys in a wide temperature range of 1123-1878 K and the whole range of concentrations have been studied using the integral effusion method and Knudsen mass spectrometry. Thermodynamic functions of melts were described by the associated solution model. The possibility of icosahedral quasicrystal (i-QC) precipitation from liquid Al-Mn and Al-Cu-Fe alloys was found to be a consequence of the existence in liquid associates (clusters). A geometric model is suggested for the structure of associates in liquid

Enhancing the effective energy barrier of a Dy(III) SMM using a bridged diamagnetic Zn(II) ion.

Science.gov (United States)

Upadhyay, Apoorva; Singh, Saurabh Kumar; Das, Chinmoy; Mondol, Ranajit; Langley, Stuart K; Murray, Keith S; Rajaraman, Gopalan; Shanmugam, Maheswaran

2014-08-18

Field induced single-molecule-magnet behaviour is observed for both a heterodinuclear [ZnDy(L(-))2](3+) complex (1) and a mononuclear [Dy(HL)2](3+) complex (2), with effective energy barriers of 83 cm(-1) and 16 cm(-1), respectively. Insights into the relaxation mechanism(s) and barrier heights are provided via ab initio and DFT calculations. Our findings reveal an interesting observation that the U(eff) of SMMs can be enhanced by incorporating diamagnetic metal ions.

A near-UV-converted LiMgBO3:Dy3+ nanophosphor: Surface and spectral investigations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bedyal, A.K.; Kumar, Vinay; Prakash, Ram; Ntwaeaborwa, O.M.; Swart, H.C.

2015-01-01

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Combustion method was employed to synthesize LiMgBO 3 :Dy 3+ nanophosphors. • The phosphor can be efficiently excited by near-UV chips. • XPS was done to investigate the chemical constitution and chemical bonding state of elements in the LiMgBO 3 : Dy 3+ nanophosphor. • The calculated CIE coordinates (0.45, 0.46) were found to be in the white spectrum region. - Abstract: A near-ultra violet (UV) converted LiMgBO 3 :Dy 3+ nanophosphors have been synthesized by the combustion method. The structural, spectral and optical properties were examined by powder X-ray diffraction, fluorescent spectrophotometry and UV–vis spectroscopy. The excitation spectra of the phosphors contain sharp peaks at 294, 323, 348 and 385 nm due to the 4f–4f transition of the Dy 3+ ion. The phosphor is efficiently excited by near-UV chips. Upon near-UV excitation the phosphor emits intense blue and yellow with a weak red band centered at 484, 573 and 669 nm respectively, ascribed to the transition of Dy 3+ ion from 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 15/2 , 6 H 13/2 , 6 H 11/2 . The diffuse reflectance spectra of the phosphors were consistent with the excitation spectra and were used to calculate the band gap of the material, approximated to be 5.4 eV. The calculated CIE coordinates (0.45, 0.46) under 348 nm excitation were found to be in the white spectrum region. For surface investigation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used which confirms the presence of all the elements on the surface of the material

Crystallography of quasicrystals concepts, methods and structures

CERN Document Server

Walter, Steurer

2009-01-01

From tilings to quasicrystal structures and from surfaces to the n-dimensional approach, this book gives a full, self-contained in-depth description of the crystallography of quasicrystals. It aims not only at conveying the concepts and a precise picture of the structures of quasicrystals, butit also enables the interested reader to enter the field of quasicrystal structure analysis. Going beyond metallic quasicrystals, it also describes the new, dynamically growing field of photonic quasicrystals. The readership will be graduate students and researchers in crystallography, solid-state physics, materials science, solid- state chemistry and applied mathematics.

Influence of 45S5 Bioglass addition on microstructure and properties of ultrafine grained (Mg-4Y-5.5Dy-0.5Zr) alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kowalski, K., E-mail: kamil.kowalski@put.poznan.pl [Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II 24, 61-138 Poznan (Poland); Jurczyk, M.U. [Division of Mother’s and Child’s Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan (Poland); Wirstlein, P.K. [Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan (Poland); Jakubowicz, J.; Jurczyk, M. [Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II 24, 61-138 Poznan (Poland)

2017-05-15

Highlights: • Ultrafine grained composites were formed by consolidating mechanically alloyed powders. • Mechanical properties were sensitive to the content of 45S5 Bioglass in Mg-4Y-5.5Dy-0.5Zr alloy. • Fluoride treated composites displayed superior corrosion resistance in Ringer solution. • Composites modified with MgF{sub 2} have a higher degree of biocompatibility in comparison with the unmodified reference material. - Abstract: Bulk samples of an ultrafine grained (Mg-4Y-5.5Dy-0.5Zr)-x wt% 45S5 Bioglass (x = 0, 5) and (Mg-4Y-5.5Dy-0.5Zr)-5 wt% 45S5 Bioglass-1 wt% Ag composites have been synthesized by consolidating mechanically alloyed powders. The influence of the chemical composition on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of bulk composites were studied. The sintering of (Mg-4Y-5.5Dy-0.5Zr)-5 wt% 45S5 Bioglass powders led to the formation of a bulk composite with grain size of approx. 95 nm. The corrosion behavior of Mg-based composites before and after hydrofluoric acid treatment was also investigated. The ultrafine grained (Mg-4Y-5.5Dy-0.5Zr)-5 wt% 45S5 Bioglass composite was more corrosion resistant than the bulk Mg-4Y-5.5Dy-0.5Zr alloy after HF treatment. The in vitro biocompatibility of synthesized composites was evaluated and compared with microcrystalline magnesium. Magnesium, (Mg-4Y-5.5Dy-0.5Zr)-5 wt% 45S5 Bioglass and (Mg-4Y-5.5Dy-0.5Zr)-5 wt% 45S5 Bioglass-1 wt% Ag composites modified with MgF{sub 2} have a higher degree of biocompatibility in comparison with the unmodified reference material.

Thermoluminescent characteristics of LiF:Mg, Cu, P and CaSO_4:Dy for low dose measurement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Del Sol Fernández, S.; García-Salcedo, R.; Mendoza, J. Guzmán; Sánchez-Guzmán, D.; Rodríguez, G. Ramírez; Gaona, E.; Montalvo, T. Rivera

2016-01-01

Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics for LiF:Mg, Cu, P, and CaSO_4:Dy under the homogeneous field of X-ray beams of diagnostic irradiation and its verification using thermoluminescence dosimetry are presented. The irradiation were performed utilizing a conventional X-ray equipment installed at the Hospital Juárez Norte of México. Different thermoluminescence characteristics of two material were studied, such as batch homogeneity, glow curve, linearity, detection threshold, reproducibility, relative sensitivity and fading. Materials were calibrated in terms of absorbed dose to the standard calibration distance and they were positioned in a generic phantom. The dose analysis, verification and comparison with the measurements obtained by the TLD-100 were performed. Results indicate that the dosimetric peak appears at 202 °C and 277.5 °C for LiF:Mg, Cu, P and CaSO_4:Dy, respectively. TL response as a function of X-ray dose showed a linearity behavior in the very low dose range for all materials. However, the TLD-100 is not accurate for measurements below 4 mGy. CaSO_4:Dy is 80% more sensitive than TLD-100 and it show the lowest detection threshold, whereas LiF:Mg, Cu, P is 60% more sensitive than TLD-100. All materials showed very good repeatability. Fading for a period of one month at room temperature showed low fading LiF:Mg, Cu, P, medium and high for TLD-100 and CaSO_4:Dy. The results suggest that CaSO_4:Dy and LiF:Mg, Cu, P are suitable for measurements at low doses used in radiodiagnostic. - Highlights: • Several dosimetric characteristics were evaluated. • TL dose response to very low dose X-rays was studied. • The applications proposed for each material may be useful for diagnostic radiology dosimetry.

Image Sampling with Quasicrystals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mark Grundland

2009-07-01

Full Text Available We investigate the use of quasicrystals in image sampling. Quasicrystals produce space-filling, non-periodic point sets that are uniformly discrete and relatively dense, thereby ensuring the sample sites are evenly spread out throughout the sampled image. Their self-similar structure can be attractive for creating sampling patterns endowed with a decorative symmetry. We present a brief general overview of the algebraic theory of cut-and-project quasicrystals based on the geometry of the golden ratio. To assess the practical utility of quasicrystal sampling, we evaluate the visual effects of a variety of non-adaptive image sampling strategies on photorealistic image reconstruction and non-photorealistic image rendering used in multiresolution image representations. For computer visualization of point sets used in image sampling, we introduce a mosaic rendering technique.

Examination of the Mg-Zn phase formation in hot-dip galvanized steel sheet; Untersuchung der Mg-Zn-Phasenbildung in feuerverzinktem Stahlblech

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zywitzki, Olaf; Modes, Thomas; Scheffel, Bert; Metzner, Christoph [Fraunhofer-Institut fuer Elektronenstrahl- und Plasmatechnik, Dresden (Germany)

2012-07-01

Zinc-magnesium layers have been produced by a combination of conventional hot-dip galvanizing and PVD magnesium coating. A subsequent short heat treatment causes the diffusion of magnesium into the zinc layer. The influence of the maximum temperature of the heat treatment on the diffusion of magnesium and on the type and distribution of the formed intermetallic Mg-Zn phases has been examined in detail in a temperature range from 300 to 400 C by means of X-ray phase analyses and metallographic cross sections. With increasing temperature a sequential intermetallic Mg-Zn phase formation has been detected. At 300 C, an initial magnesium rich, intermetallic MgZn{sub 2} surface layer is formed, which, at higher temperatures from 335 to 379 C, is progressively transformed into a zinc rich Mg{sub 2}Zn{sub 11} layer by interdiffusion. In this context, the nucleation of the Mg{sub 2}Zn{sub 11} phase takes place on the interface between the MgZn{sub 2} and the Zn phase. Above the peritectic temperature of 381 C, the microstructure is composed of a zinc matrix in which precipitated MgZn{sub 2} is dispersed. (orig.)

Magnesium-rich intermetallics RE3RuMg7 (RE = Y, Nd, Dy, Ho). Rows of condensed Ru rate at RE6/2 octahedra in magnesium matrices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kersting, Marcel; Rodewald, Ute C.; Schwickert, Christian; Poettgen, Rainer

2013-01-01

The magnesium-rich intermetallic phases RE 3 RuMg 7 (RE = Y, Nd, Dy, Ho) have been synthesized from the elements in sealed niobium ampoules and subsequently characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. The structure of the dysprosium compound was refined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffractometer data: Ti 6 Sn 5 type, P6 3 /mmc, a = 1019.1(2), c = 606.76(9) pm, wR2 = 0.0159, 439 F 2 values, 19 variables. The Mg3 site shows a small degree of Mg3/Dy mixing, leading to the composition Dy 3.03 RuMg 6.97 for the investigated crystal. The striking structural motifs in the Dy 3 RuMg 7 structure are rows of face-sharing Ru rate at Dy 6 octahedra and corner-sharing Mg2 rate at Mg 8 Dy 4 icosahedra. The rows of octahedra form a hexagonal rod-packing, and each rod is enrolled by six rows of the condensed icosahedra. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements of Dy 3 RuMg 7 show Curie-Weiss behavior with an experimental magnetic moment of 10.66(1) μ B per Dy atom. Antiferromagnetic ordering is detected at T N = 27.5(5) K. The 5 K isotherm shows a metamagnetic transition at a critical field of H C = 40 kOe. (orig.)

Properties- and applications of quasicrystals and complex metallic alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Dubois, Jean-Marie

2012-10-21

This article aims at an account of what is known about the potential for applications of quasicrystals and related compounds, the so-called family of Complex Metallic Alloys (CMAs‡). Attention is focused at aluminium-based CMAs, which comprise a large number of crystalline compounds and quasicrystals made of aluminium alloyed with transition metals (like Fe or Cu) or normal metals like Mg. Depending on composition, the structural complexity varies from a few atoms per unit cell up to thousands of atoms. Quasicrystals appear then as CMAs of ultimate complexity and exhibit a lattice that shows no periodicity anymore in the usual 3-dimensional space. Properties change dramatically with lattice complexity and turn the metal-type behaviour of simple Al-based crystals into a far more complex behaviour, with a fingerprint of semi-conductors that may be exploited in various applications, potential or realised. An account of the ones known to the author is given in the light of the relevant properties, namely light absorption, reduced adhesion and friction, heat insulation, reinforcement of composites for mechanical devices, and few more exotic ones. The role played by the search for applications of quasicrystals in the development of the field is briefly addressed in the concluding section.

ZnMgO-ZnO quantum wells embedded in ZnO nanopillars: Towards realisation of nano-LEDs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bakin, A.; El-Shaer, A.; Mofor, A.C.; Al-Suleiman, M.; Schlenker, E.; Waag, A. [Institute of Semiconductor Technology, Braunschweig Technical University, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany)

2007-07-01

ZnO thin films, ZnMgO/ZnO heterostructures and ZnO nanostructures were fabricated using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), vapour phase transport (VPT) and an aqueous chemical growth approach (ACG). The possibility to employ several fabrication techniques is of special importance for the realization of unique device structures. MBE was implemented for ZnO-based layer and heterostructure growth. Pronounced RHEED oscillations were used for growth control and optimisation, resulting in high quality ZnO and Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O epilayers and heterostructures, as well as ZnMgO/ZnO quantum wells on sapphire and SiC substrates. A novel advanced VPT approach is developed and sapphire, SiC, ZnO epitaxial layers, and even plastic and glass were implemented as substrates for ZnO growth. The VPT fabrication of ZnO nanopillars, leading to well aligned, c-axis oriented nanopillars with excellent quality and purity is demonstrated. Successful steps were made towards device fabrication on ZnO basis. The nanopillar fabrication technique is combined with MBE technology: MBE-grown ZnMgO/ZnO quantum well structures were grown on ZnO nanopillars presenting significant progress towards nano-LEDs realization. (copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Elastic limit at macroscopic deformation of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn single quasicrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ledig, L.; Bartsch, M.; Messerschmidt, U.

2006-01-01

Al 70.5 Pd 21 Mn 8.5 single quasicrystals were plastically deformed between 482 and 821 deg. C. The strain rate sensitivity of the flow stress was measured by stress relaxation tests. At several temperatures, the dislocation structures were imaged by diffraction contrast in a high-voltage electron microscope for determining the dislocation densities. At all temperatures, the plastic deformation starts with a range of very high work-hardening. The transition point between almost elastic and elastic-plastic deformation is called the elastic limit. At low temperatures, the deformation was stopped at about 1.5 GPa to prevent fracture. Above about 580 deg. C, the stress-strain curves bend down and show a yield point effect followed by a range of almost steady state deformation. At low temperatures, the elastic limit is much lower than the steady state flow stress or the maximum stresses reached without fracture. The activation parameters are different for the elastic limit, the range of high work-hardening and steady state deformation. The flow stresses are interpreted by the stress necessary to move individual dislocations and the athermal component due to the elastic interaction between dislocations. At low temperatures, a further component is necessary to explain the very high flow stresses reached by work-hardening

Evidence of a stable binary CdCa quasicrystalline phase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jiang, Jianzhong; Jensen, C.H.; Rasmussen, A.R.

2001-01-01

Quasicrystals with a primitive icosahedral structure and a quasilattice constant of 5.1215 Angstrom have been synthesized in a binary Cd-Ca system. The thermal stability of the quasicrystal has been investigated by in situ high-temperature x-ray powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation. It ....... It is demonstrated that the binary CdCa quasicrystal is thermodynamic stable up to its melting temperature. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the quasicrystal is 2.765x10(-5) K-1. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.......Quasicrystals with a primitive icosahedral structure and a quasilattice constant of 5.1215 Angstrom have been synthesized in a binary Cd-Ca system. The thermal stability of the quasicrystal has been investigated by in situ high-temperature x-ray powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation...

Optical and structural properties of ZnO/ZnMgO composite thin films prepared by sol–gel technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xu, Linhua; Su, Jing; Chen, Yulin; Zheng, Gaige; Pei, Shixin; Sun, Tingting; Wang, Junfeng; Lai, Min

2013-01-01

Highlights: ► ZnMgO thin film and ZnO/ZnMgO composite thin film have been prepared by sol–gel method. ► The intensity of ultraviolet emission of ZnMgO thin film is enhanced two times compared with that of pure ZnO thin film. ► Compared with ZnMgO thin film, ZnO/ZnMgO composite thin film shows better crystallization and optical properties. ► ZnO/ZnMgO composite thin films prepared by sol–gel method have potential applications in many optoelectronic devices. - Abstract: In this study, pure ZnO thin film, Mg-doped ZnO (ZnMgO) thin film, ZnO/ZnMgO and ZnMgO/ZnO composite thin films were prepared by sol–gel technique. The structural and optical properties of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible spectrophotometer, ellipsometer and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. The results showed that the incorporation of Mg increased the strain, broadened the optical bandgap, and improved the intensity of ultraviolet emission of ZnO thin film. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the ultraviolet emission peak was also increased due to Mg-doping at the same time. Compared with pure ZnO and ZnMgO thin films, the ZnO/ZnMgO thin film showed better crystalline quality and ultraviolet emission performance, smaller strains and higher transmittance in the visible range.

Solvothermal synthesis, characterization and optical properties of ZnO, ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO, mixed oxide nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aslani, Alireza; Arefi, Mohammad Reza; Babapoor, Aziz; Amiri, Asghar; Beyki-Shuraki, Khalil

2011-01-01

ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO mixed oxides nanoparticles were produced from a solution containing Zinc acetate, Mg and Ni nitrate by Solvothermal method. The calcination process of the ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO composites nanoparticles brought forth polycrystalline two-phase ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO nanoparticles of 40-80 nm in diameters. ZnO, MgO and NiO were crystallized into wuertzite and rock salt structures, respectively. The optical properties of ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO nanoparticles were obtained by solid state UV and solid state florescent. The XRD, SEM and Raman spectroscopies of these nanoparticles were analyzed.

Solvothermal synthesis, characterization and optical properties of ZnO, ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO, mixed oxide nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Aslani, Alireza; Arefi, Mohammad Reza; Babapoor, Aziz; Amiri, Asghar; Beyki-Shuraki, Khalil

2011-03-01

ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO mixed oxides nanoparticles were produced from a solution containing Zinc acetate, Mg and Ni nitrate by Solvothermal method. The calcination process of the ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO composites nanoparticles brought forth polycrystalline two-phase ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO nanoparticles of 40-80 nm in diameters. ZnO, MgO and NiO were crystallized into würtzite and rock salt structures, respectively. The optical properties of ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO nanoparticles were obtained by solid state UV and solid state florescent. The XRD, SEM and Raman spectroscopies of these nanoparticles were analyzed.

Solvothermal synthesis, characterization and optical properties of ZnO, ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO, mixed oxide nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aslani, Alireza, E-mail: a.aslani@vru.ac.ir [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, PO Box: 77176 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Arefi, Mohammad Reza [Islamic Azad University, Yazd Brunch, Young researchers Club, Yazd (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Babapoor, Aziz [Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, PO Box: 54516 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Amiri, Asghar; Beyki-Shuraki, Khalil [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, PO Box: 77176 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2011-03-15

ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO mixed oxides nanoparticles were produced from a solution containing Zinc acetate, Mg and Ni nitrate by Solvothermal method. The calcination process of the ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO composites nanoparticles brought forth polycrystalline two-phase ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO nanoparticles of 40-80 nm in diameters. ZnO, MgO and NiO were crystallized into wuertzite and rock salt structures, respectively. The optical properties of ZnO-MgO and ZnO-NiO nanoparticles were obtained by solid state UV and solid state florescent. The XRD, SEM and Raman spectroscopies of these nanoparticles were analyzed.

Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of microcrystalline Sr{sub 2}ZnWO{sub 6}:RE{sup 3+} (RE = Eu, Dy, Sm and Pr) phosphors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dabre, K.V. [Department of Physics, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Koradi, Nagpur 441111 (India); Park, K. [Faculty of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747 (Korea, Republic of); Dhoble, S.J., E-mail: sjdhoble@rediffmail.com [Department of Physics, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033 (India)

2014-12-25

Graphical abstract: CIE chromaticity coordinate diagram (1931) indicating different colors of Sr{sub 2}ZnWO{sub 6}:RE{sup 3+} (RE = Eu (a), Dy (b and c), Sm (d–f) and Pr (g and h)) phosphor under different excitation 466 nm (a), 312 nm (b), 454 nm (c), 313 nm (d), 408 nm (e), 482 nm (f), 315 nm (g) and 450 nm (h). - Highlights: • Microcrystalline Sr{sub 2}ZnWO{sub 6}:RE{sup 3+} (RE = Eu, Dy, Sm and Pr) phosphors were synthesized by solid state method. • Photoluminescence properties of phosphor were investigated. • Color of the phosphor for different excitation has been verified by chromaticity diagram. • The host absorption and energy transfer were investigated. - Abstract: The novel microcrystalline Sr{sub 2}ZnWO{sub 6}:RE{sup 3+} (RE = Eu, Dy, Sm and Pr) phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction method at 1250 °C and their photoluminescence properties were investigated. The Eu{sup 3+} and Dy{sup 3+} activated phosphors show intense red (616 nm) and yellow (574 nm) emission respectively; which indicate that the rare earth ions are substituted at non-centrosymmetric site in the host lattice. Near white (Dy{sup 3+}) and reddish-orange (Sm{sup 3+}) emissions of rare earth ions in the host lattice show strong host absorption and energy transfer from the host to activator ion. Pr{sup 3+} activated phosphor shows a series of emission peaks in the visible region with the most intense peak in the blue region at 491 and 499 nm.

Phosphorescence behavior and photoluminescence mechanism of Dy{sup 3+} sensitized β-Zn{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}: Mn{sup 2+} phosphor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xie, Ting; Guo, Hongxu [School of Chemistry & Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian (China); Zhang, Junying [Department of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Odetola, Christopher [Department of Chemistry, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Ontario L1H 7K4 (Canada); He, Yuneng; Lin, Heng; Chen, Guoliang [School of Chemistry & Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian (China); Zheng, Zishan, E-mail: Z.Zheng@mnnu.edu.cn [School of Chemistry & Environment, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, Fujian (China)

2015-09-05

Highlights: • A red long persistent phosphor of β-Zn{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}: Mn{sup 2+}, Dy{sup 3+} was synthesized. • Dy{sup 3+} as a sensitizer transfers its energy to the luminescent center of Mn{sup 2+}. • The three factors are responsible for the improvement of LPP properties. - Abstract: A red long persistent phosphor (LPP) of β-Zn{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}: Mn{sup 2+}, Dy{sup 3+} was synthesized conventionally via homogeneous coprecipitation and conventional solid-state sintering methods. The emission peak of phosphor was found at 620 nm, which can be assigned to the {sup 4}T{sub 1g} → {sup 6}A{sub 1g} transition of Mn{sup 2+}. The decay curves of phosphors show that Dy{sup 3+} ions co-doping can largely improve the performance of the red LLP of β-Zn{sub 3}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}: Mn{sup 2+}. This red long-persistent luminescence was observed for about 4 h in the limit of light perception for naked eyes when excited under 254 nm UV light for 5 min. Thermoluminescence analysis indicates that the dopant of Dy{sup 3+} ions produced suitable trap depth of defects that enhanced the luminescence of LPP. It is hypothesized that Dy{sup 3+} as a sensitizer transfers its energy to the luminescent center of Mn{sup 2+}. We propose that the emission mechanism of LPP experiences a series process of electron–hole pairs: production, release, movement and combination. The decay time of LPP has close relationship with the life span of electron–hole pairs during their releasing time from traps and moving length on their path.

Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Shuo; Bhushan, Bharat

2016-01-01

Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

Lubrication performance and mechanisms of Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as lubricant additives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Shuo [School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian Distract, Beijing 100083 (China); Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States); Bhushan, Bharat, E-mail: bhushan.2@osu.edu [Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 W. 19th Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1142 (United States)

2016-08-15

Highlights: • Mg/Al-, Zn/Al- and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide were synthesized. • Mg/Al-LDH had superior tribological performance compared to other LDHs. • The best thermal stability of Mg/Al-LDH was responsible for its friction property. - Abstract: Solid lubricant particles are commonly used as oil additives for low friction and wear. Mg/Al-, Zn/Al-, and Zn/Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides (LDH) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. The benefits of LDH nanoparticles are that they can be synthesized using chemical methods where size and shape can be controlled, and can be modified organically to allow dispersal in fluids. The LDH nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used for evaluating the friction and wear properties of LDH nanoparticles as lubricant additives. LDH nanoparticles have friction-reducing and anti-wear properties compared to oil without LDHs. Mg/Al-LDH has the best lubrication, possibly due to better thermal stability in severe conditions.

Analysis of dosimetric peaks of MgB4O7:Dy (40% Teflon versus LiF:Mg,Ti TL detectors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paluch-Ferszt Monika

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Magnesium tetraborate doped with dysprosium (MgB4O7:Dy is known as a good thermoluminophor for personal dosimetry of gamma ray and X-ray radiation because of its high sensitivity and close tissue equivalence. This material can be produced by different routes. The sintered pastilles of magnesium tetraborate mixed with Teflon (40% used in this work were manufactured at the Federal University of Sergipe, Department of Physics by the solid-state synthesis. Magnesium tetraborate was already used for high-dose dosimetry, exhibiting linearity for a wide range of doses. In this work, the authors examined its main characteristics prior to potential use of detectors in everyday dosimetry, comparing this material to a widely used LiF:Mg,Ti phosphor. The following tests influencing dosimetric peaks of MgB4O7:Dy were presented: (1 the shape of the glow curves, (2 annealing conditions and post-irradiation annealing and its influence for background of the detectors, (3 the choice of the heating rates at the read-out and (4 the threshold dose, that is, the lowest possible dose to be measured. Similar tests were performed with LiF:Mg,Ti detectors, produced and widely used in Poland. The results were compared and discussed.

XRD and HREM studies from the decomposition of icosahedral AlCuFe single-phase by high-energy ball milling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patino-Carachure, C.; Tellez-Vazquez, O.; Rosas, G.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Point defects induced during milling leading to an order-disorder quasicrystal transition. → Nanoquasicrystalline regions of 12 nm are obtained. → Highly ordered i-phase with high symmetry transforms to a crystalline phase of intermetallic character and lower symmetry. - Abstract: In this investigation the Al 64 Cu 24 Fe 12 alloy was melted in an induction furnace and solidified under normal casting conditions. In order to obtain the icosahedral phase (i-phase) in a single-phase region, the as-cast sample was subject to a heat treatment at 700 deg. C under argon atmosphere. Subsequently, the i-phase was milled for different times in order to evaluate phase stability under heavy deformation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) analysis were conducted to the structural characterization of ball-milled powders. XRD results indicated a reduction in quasicrystal size during mechanical ball milling to about 30 h. HREM analysis revealed the presence of aperiodic nano-domains, for example, with apparent fivefold symmetry axis. Therefore, the i-phase remains stable over the first 30 h of ball-milling time. However, among 30-50 h of mechanical milling the i-phase transforms progressively into β-cubic phase.

XRD and HREM studies from the decomposition of icosahedral AlCuFe single-phase by high-energy ball milling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Patino-Carachure, C.; Tellez-Vazquez, O. [Instituto de Investigaciones Metalurgicas, UMSNH, Edificio U, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacan 58000 (Mexico); Rosas, G., E-mail: grtrejo@umich.mx [Instituto de Investigaciones Metalurgicas, UMSNH, Edificio U, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacan 58000 (Mexico)

2011-10-13

Highlights: > Point defects induced during milling leading to an order-disorder quasicrystal transition. > Nanoquasicrystalline regions of 12 nm are obtained. > Highly ordered i-phase with high symmetry transforms to a crystalline phase of intermetallic character and lower symmetry. - Abstract: In this investigation the Al{sub 64}Cu{sub 24}Fe{sub 12} alloy was melted in an induction furnace and solidified under normal casting conditions. In order to obtain the icosahedral phase (i-phase) in a single-phase region, the as-cast sample was subject to a heat treatment at 700 deg. C under argon atmosphere. Subsequently, the i-phase was milled for different times in order to evaluate phase stability under heavy deformation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) analysis were conducted to the structural characterization of ball-milled powders. XRD results indicated a reduction in quasicrystal size during mechanical ball milling to about 30 h. HREM analysis revealed the presence of aperiodic nano-domains, for example, with apparent fivefold symmetry axis. Therefore, the i-phase remains stable over the first 30 h of ball-milling time. However, among 30-50 h of mechanical milling the i-phase transforms progressively into {beta}-cubic phase.

Selective antibacterial effects of mixed ZnMgO nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vidic, Jasmina; Stankic, Slavica; Haque, Francia; Ciric, Danica; Le Goffic, Ronan; Vidy, Aurore; Jupille, Jacques; Delmas, Bernard

2013-01-01

Antibiotic resistance has impelled the research for new agents that can inhibit bacterial growth without showing cytotoxic effects on humans and other species. We describe the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of nanostructured ZnMgO whose antibacterial activity was compared to its pure nano-ZnO and nano-MgO counterparts. Among the three oxides, ZnO nanocrystals—with the length of tetrapod legs about 100 nm and the diameter about 10 nm—were found to be the most effective antibacterial agents since both Gram-positive (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria were completely eradicated at concentration of 1 mg/mL. MgO nanocubes (the mean cube size ∼50 nm) only partially inhibited bacterial growth, whereas ZnMgO nanoparticles (sizes corresponding to pure particles) revealed high specific antibacterial activity to Gram-positive bacteria at this concentration. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that B. subtilis cells were damaged after contact with nano-ZnMgO, causing cell contents to leak out. Our preliminary toxicological study pointed out that nano-ZnO is toxic when applied to human HeLa cells, while nano-MgO and the mixed oxide did not induce any cell damage. Overall, our results suggested that nanostructured ZnMgO, may reconcile efficient antibacterial efficiency while being a safe new therapeutic for bacterial infections.

Selective antibacterial effects of mixed ZnMgO nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Vidic, Jasmina; Stankic, Slavica; Haque, Francia; Ciric, Danica; Le Goffic, Ronan; Vidy, Aurore; Jupille, Jacques; Delmas, Bernard

2013-05-01

Antibiotic resistance has impelled the research for new agents that can inhibit bacterial growth without showing cytotoxic effects on humans and other species. We describe the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of nanostructured ZnMgO whose antibacterial activity was compared to its pure nano-ZnO and nano-MgO counterparts. Among the three oxides, ZnO nanocrystals—with the length of tetrapod legs about 100 nm and the diameter about 10 nm—were found to be the most effective antibacterial agents since both Gram-positive ( B. subtilis) and Gram-negative ( E. coli) bacteria were completely eradicated at concentration of 1 mg/mL. MgO nanocubes (the mean cube size 50 nm) only partially inhibited bacterial growth, whereas ZnMgO nanoparticles (sizes corresponding to pure particles) revealed high specific antibacterial activity to Gram-positive bacteria at this concentration. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that B. subtilis cells were damaged after contact with nano-ZnMgO, causing cell contents to leak out. Our preliminary toxicological study pointed out that nano-ZnO is toxic when applied to human HeLa cells, while nano-MgO and the mixed oxide did not induce any cell damage. Overall, our results suggested that nanostructured ZnMgO, may reconcile efficient antibacterial efficiency while being a safe new therapeutic for bacterial infections.

Selective antibacterial effects of mixed ZnMgO nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vidic, Jasmina, E-mail: jasmina.vidic@jouy.inra.fr [VIM, Institut de la Recherche Agronomique (France); Stankic, Slavica, E-mail: slavica.stankic@insp.jussieu.fr; Haque, Francia [CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, UMR 7588 (France); Ciric, Danica; Le Goffic, Ronan; Vidy, Aurore [VIM, Institut de la Recherche Agronomique (France); Jupille, Jacques [CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, UMR 7588 (France); Delmas, Bernard [VIM, Institut de la Recherche Agronomique (France)

2013-05-15

Antibiotic resistance has impelled the research for new agents that can inhibit bacterial growth without showing cytotoxic effects on humans and other species. We describe the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of nanostructured ZnMgO whose antibacterial activity was compared to its pure nano-ZnO and nano-MgO counterparts. Among the three oxides, ZnO nanocrystals-with the length of tetrapod legs about 100 nm and the diameter about 10 nm-were found to be the most effective antibacterial agents since both Gram-positive (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria were completely eradicated at concentration of 1 mg/mL. MgO nanocubes (the mean cube size {approx}50 nm) only partially inhibited bacterial growth, whereas ZnMgO nanoparticles (sizes corresponding to pure particles) revealed high specific antibacterial activity to Gram-positive bacteria at this concentration. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that B. subtilis cells were damaged after contact with nano-ZnMgO, causing cell contents to leak out. Our preliminary toxicological study pointed out that nano-ZnO is toxic when applied to human HeLa cells, while nano-MgO and the mixed oxide did not induce any cell damage. Overall, our results suggested that nanostructured ZnMgO, may reconcile efficient antibacterial efficiency while being a safe new therapeutic for bacterial infections.

Green emission from ZnO–MgO nanocomposite due to Mg diffusion at the interface

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sowri Babu, K.; Ramachandra Reddy, A.; Venugopal Reddy, K.

2015-01-01

The origin and electronic transitions responsible for green emission observed from ZnO–MgO nanocomposite are investigated. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of ZnO–MgO nanocomposite annealed at 600 °C showed only a sharp and intense UV emission peak centered at 396 nm. As the annealing temperature increased from 600 °C to 1000 °C, the green emission positioned at 503 nm is emerged and its intensity enhanced gradually and reached maximum value at 900 °C and then decreased at 1000 °C. It is observed that both UV and green emission intensities are enhanced with variation of atomic ratio (Zn/Mg=1.52, 0.50, 0.30, 0.21, 0.15). Our experiments confirmed that the enhancement of green emission intensity is due to the formation of oxygen vacancies (V o ) due to Mg doping at the interface of ZnO and MgO. This experimental observation is in good agreement with the recent theoretical predictions which states that Mg doping in ZnO lowers the formation energies of oxygen vacancies (V o ) and zinc interstitials (Zn i ) significantly. PL excitation and emission spectra analysis reveals that excited state for both UV and green emissions is same and lies 0.24 eV below the conduction band of ZnO. Hence, the green emission is attributed to the transition of an electron form the shallow donor (defect level of Zn i ) to the deep acceptor (defect level of V o ). - Highlights: • It is found that the UV emission intensity from ZnO–MgO nanocomposite enhanced with increase of Mg concentration. • The intensity of the green emission is enhanced gradually as the temperature increased from 600 °C to 900 °C and then decreased at 1000 °C. • The effect of Mg concentration, MgO, strain at the interface on green emission is investigated. • These experiments confirmed that green emission is due to the oxygen vacancies created in ZnO due to the Mg doping at the interface and it is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. • The decrease of green emission intensity is

Enhancement of the mechanoluminescence properties on Ca2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ phosphor by co-doping of charge compensator ions

Science.gov (United States)

Sahu, Ishwar Prasad

2016-08-01

In the present article, effect of charge compensator ions (R+ = Li+, Na+ and K+) on dysprosium-doped di-calcium magnesium di-silicate (Ca2MgSi2O7:Dy3+) phosphors were investigated. The Ca2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ and Ca2MgSi2O7:Dy3+, R+ phosphors, were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The crystal structures of sintered phosphors were an akermanite-type structure which belongs to the tetragonal crystallography. The peaks of mechanoluminescence (ML) intensity were increased linearly with increasing impact velocity of the moving piston. Thus, present investigation indicates that the piezoelectricity was responsible to produce ML in prepared phosphors. The time of the peak ML intensity and the decay rate did not change significantly with respect to increasing impact velocity. Addition of charge compensator ions enhances the luminescence intensity of prepared Ca2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ phosphors, because they neutralize the charge generated by Dy3+ substitution for Ca2+ ions. The role of Li+ ions among all charge compensator ions (Na+ or K+) used was found to be most effective for enhanced Dy3+ ion emission. These ML materials can be used in the devices such as stress sensor, fracture sensor, impact sensor, damage sensors, safety management monitoring system and fuse system for army warheads.

Photoluminescence properties and energy transfer in Ce(3+) /Dy(3+) co-doped Sr(3) MgSi(2) O(8) phosphors for potential application in ultraviolet white light-emitting diodes.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Hong; Zi, Wenwen; Lan, Shi; Gan, Shucai; Zou, Haifeng; Xu, Xuechun; Hong, Guangyan

2013-01-01

Sr(3) MgSi(2) O(8) :Ce(3+) , Dy(3+) phosphors were prepared by a solid-state reaction technique and the photoluminescence properties were investigated. The emission spectra show not only a band due to Ce(3+) ions (403 nm) but also as a band due to Dy(3+) ions (480, 575 nm) (UV light excitation). The photoluminescence properties reveal that effective energy transfer occurs in Ce(3+) /Dy(3+) co-doped Sr(3) MgSi(2) O(8)phosphors, and the co-doping of Ce(3+) could enhance the emission intensity of Dy(3+) to a certain extent by transferring its energy to Dy(3+) . The Ce(3+) /Dy(3+) energy transfer was investigated by emission/excitation spectra, and photoluminescence decay behaviors. In Sr2.94 MgSi2 O8 :0.01Ce(3+) , 0.05Dy(3+) phosphors, the fluorescence lifetime of Dy(3+) (from 3.35 to 27.59 ns) is increased whereas that of Ce(3+) is greatly decreased (from 43.59 to 13.55 ns), and this provides indirect evidence of the Ce(3+) to Dy(3+) energy transfer. The varied emitted color of Sr(3) MgSi(2) O(8):Ce(3+) , Dy(3+) phosphors from blue to white were achieved by altering the concentration ratio of Ce(3+) and Dy(3+) . These results indicate Sr(3) MgSi(2) O(8):Ce(3+) , Dy(3+) may be as a candidate phosphor for white light-emitting diodes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In-situ thermal analysis and macroscopical characterization of Mg-xCa and Mg-0.5Ca-xZn alloy systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farahany, Saeed [Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor (Malaysia); Bakhsheshi-Rad, Hamid Reza, E-mail: Rezabakhsheshi@gmail.com [Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor (Malaysia); Idris, Mohd Hasbullah [Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor (Malaysia); Abdul Kadir, Mohammed Rafiq [Medical Implants Technology Group, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor (Malaysia); Department of Biomechanics and Biomedical Materials, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor (Malaysia); Lotfabadi, Amir Fereidouni [Department of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor (Malaysia); Ourdjini, Ali [Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor (Malaysia)

2012-01-10

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The effect of Ca and Zn addition on Mg-Ca and Mg-Ca-Zn were investigated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ca and Zn addition decreased solid fraction at coherency point. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer T{sub N}-T{sub DCP} increased by adding Ca and Zn in Mg-Ca and Mg-Ca-Zn, respectively. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Three reactions were detected when Zn/Ca atomic ratio less than 1.25 in Mg-Ca-Zn. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A new peak Mg{sub 51}Zn{sub 20} was identified in Mg-0.5Ca-9Zn in addition of other peaks. - Abstract: This research described the identification phases by thermal analysis and microscopy inspection of Mg-xCa and Mg-0.5%Ca-xZn alloys that were solidified at slow cooling rate. Analysis of cooling curve after Ca addition shows the evolution of the Mg{sub 2}Ca intermetallic phase at around 520 Degree-Sign C in addition to {alpha}-Mg phase. First derivative curves of alloys after the addition of Zn to Mg-0.5Ca alloy reveals three peaks related to {alpha}-Mg, Mg{sub 2}Ca and Ca{sub 2}Mg{sub 6}Zn{sub 3} for alloys that have Zn/Ca atomic ratio less than 1.23. The peak of Mg{sub 2}Ca reaction on the first derivative curves disappeared for alloys containing Zn/Ca ratio more than 1.23. A new peak was also observed at 330 Degree-Sign C for Mg-0.5Ca-9Zn which was identified as Mg{sub 51}Zn{sub 20}. Solid fraction at coherency point decreased with increasing Ca and Zn elements. However, coherency time and difference between the nucleation and coherency temperatures (T{sub N}-T{sub DCP}) increased by adding Ca and Zn in Mg-Ca and Mg-Ca-Zn systems.

Room temperature ferromagnetism in Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singh, Jaspal; Vashihth, A.; Gill, Pritampal Singh; Verma, N. K.

2015-01-01

Zn 1-x Mg x O (x = 0, 0,10) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that the synthesized nanoparticles possess wurtzite phase having hexagonal structure. Morphological analysis was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which depicts the spherical morphology of ZnO nanoparticles. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) showed the presence of Mg in ZnO nanoparticles. Electron spin resonance (ESR) signal was found to be decreasing with increasing of Mg-doping concentration. The room temperature ferromagnetism was observed in undoped and Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The increase of Mg-doping concentration resulted in decrease of saturation magnetization value which could be attributed to decrease of oxygen vacancies present in host nanoparticles

Study of atomic jumps in quasi-crystals; Etude des sauts atomiques dans les quasi-cristaux

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lyonnard, S

1997-05-07

The terminology phason used in quasicrystals to refer to atomic jumps. The study of the hopping process is important for the understanding of many basic issues in quasi-crystallography: structure, stability, diffusion, phase transitions between quasicrystals and approximants, mechanical properties. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering allows to find the characteristics of each elementary jump: chemical species involves, relaxation times, activation energies, jump distances and orientations. We performed a series of experiments in the perfect icosahedral phases AlFeCu and AlMnPd, on both powders and single domain samples, using time-of-flight, backscattering and triple axis spectrometers. We evidenced the existence of very fast phason hopping, and studied about ten different atomic jumps. An unusual temperature dependence has been found systematically: each process is assisted by a thermally activated mechanism. The assistance process has to be determined case by case, but the more plausible explanation invokes assistance by phonons or phason clouds. Moreover, the dependence of the quasi elastic signal as a function of the momentum transfer shows that the jumps are local and do not give rise to any long-range diffusion. Phason hopping mainly corresponds to the atom moving forwards and backwards between two energetically equivalent sites. Finally, we have been able to show that the jumps occur along the various quasi-crystalline symmetry axes. (author) 91 refs.

Development of Dy3+ activated K2MgP2O7 pyrophosphate phosphor for energy saving lamp

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kohale, R.L.; Dhoble, S.J.

2013-01-01

Present work reports, synthesis of Dy 3+ activated K 2 MgP 2 O 7 pyrophosphate phosphor by using modified solid state diffusion that has been studied for its X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD). Furthermore, the chromaticity coordinate values were estimated from emission spectra of K 2 MgP 2 O 7 . The photoluminescence emission spectra of the phosphors having an excitation at around 351 nm (mercury free) showed two distinguishing bands centered at around 485 nm (blue) and 575 nm (yellow) corresponding to 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 15/2 and 4 F9 /2 → 6 H 13/2 transitions of Dy 3+ , respectively. These phosphors have strong absorption in the near UV region. K 2 MgP 2 O 7 pyrophosphate phosphor is suitable for color converter using UV light as the primary light source, which can be used as a blue/yellow phosphor excited by n-UV LED chip and mixed with other color emission phosphors to obtain white light. The 300–400 nm is Hg-free excitation (mercury excitation is 85% 254 nm wavelength of light and 15% other wavelengths), which is characteristic of solid-state lighting phosphors. Hence PL emission in trivalent dysprosium may be efficient photoluminescent materials for solid-state lighting phosphors. The intact study reveals that the present phosphor have promising applications in the lamp industry especially for solid state lighting (mercury-free excited lamp phosphor) and white light LED. -- Highlights: ► Dy 3+ activated pyrophosphate based phosphor prepared by modified solid state diffusion. ► PL emission spectrum of Dy 3+ ion under 351 nm excitation (Hg-free). ► PL emission at 485 nm (blue), 575 nm (yellow) emission. ► K 2 MgP 2 O 7 : Dy 3+ is expected to be a potential candidate for application in n-UV white LEDs and solid state lighting

Synthesis and optical properties of ZnO/MgO nanocomposite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chawla, Santa; Jayanthi, K.; Chander, Harish; Haranath, D.; Halder, S.K.; Kar, M.

2008-01-01

ZnO and its ternary alloy ZnMgO offer an excellent material system with potential in applications related to quantum well and photonic devices in UV and visible. ZnO and ZnO/MgO composite were prepared by solid-state mixing and sintering at high temperature in reducing atmosphere. ZnO/MgO nanocomposites up to 50% Mg content could be prepared by this method. The resultant sample was in powder form and has distribution of grain sizes. X-ray diffraction showed hexagonal ZnO structure with small signature of cubic MgO, which increased with increasing Mg content. Particle size estimated from Scherrer formula was in the range of 40 nm, which reflected the average crystallite size. Photoluminescence (PL) studies showed excitation peak around 290 nm (4.3 eV) and 350 nm (3.5 eV). Pure ZnO nanophosphor showed emission peak around 508 nm, which blue shifted with increasing Mg content. Time resolved decay of PL indicated decay time in the microsecond time scale. Optical absorption spectra showed bandgap about 5.6 eV for ZnO/MgO nanocomposite with 50% Mg content. The optical absorption measurement was done in the colloidal suspension form and it is expected that only nanoparticles of very small grain size were effectively contributing to the optical absorption process. The large bandgap could then be manifestation of quantum size effect

Tunable zinc interstitial related defects in ZnMgO and ZnCdO films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Wanjun; Qin, Guoping; Fang, Liang; Ye, Lijuan; Wu, Fang; Ruan, Haibo; Zhang, Hong; Kong, Chunyang; Zhang, Ping

2015-01-01

We report tunable band gap of ZnO thin films grown on quartz substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The zinc interstitial (Zn i ) defects in ZnO films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, Auger spectra, first-principle calculations, and Hall measurement. Undoped ZnO film exhibits an anomalous Raman mode at 275 cm −1 . We first report that 275 cm −1 mode also can be observed in ZnO films alloyed with Mg and Cd, whose Raman intensities, interestingly, decrease and increase with increasing Mg and Cd alloying content, respectively. Combined with the previous investigations, it is deduced that 275 cm −1 mode is attributed to Zn i related defects, which is demonstrated by our further experiment and theoretical calculation. Consequently, the concentration of Zn i related defects in ZnO can be tuned by alloying Mg and Cd impurity, which gives rise to different conductivity in ZnO films. These investigations help to further understand the controversial origin of the additional Raman mode at 275 cm −1 and also the natural n-type conductivity in ZnO

Tunable zinc interstitial related defects in ZnMgO and ZnCdO films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Wanjun; Qin, Guoping [State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331 (China); Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Chongqing, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, Chongqing 401331 (China); Fang, Liang, E-mail: lfang@cqu.edu.cn, E-mail: kchy@163.com; Ye, Lijuan; Wu, Fang [State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331 (China); Ruan, Haibo [Research Center for Materials Interdisciplinary Sciences, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160 (China); Zhang, Hong; Kong, Chunyang, E-mail: lfang@cqu.edu.cn, E-mail: kchy@163.com; Zhang, Ping [Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Chongqing, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, Chongqing 401331 (China)

2015-04-14

We report tunable band gap of ZnO thin films grown on quartz substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The zinc interstitial (Zn{sub i}) defects in ZnO films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, Auger spectra, first-principle calculations, and Hall measurement. Undoped ZnO film exhibits an anomalous Raman mode at 275 cm{sup −1}. We first report that 275 cm{sup −1} mode also can be observed in ZnO films alloyed with Mg and Cd, whose Raman intensities, interestingly, decrease and increase with increasing Mg and Cd alloying content, respectively. Combined with the previous investigations, it is deduced that 275 cm{sup −1} mode is attributed to Zn{sub i} related defects, which is demonstrated by our further experiment and theoretical calculation. Consequently, the concentration of Zn{sub i} related defects in ZnO can be tuned by alloying Mg and Cd impurity, which gives rise to different conductivity in ZnO films. These investigations help to further understand the controversial origin of the additional Raman mode at 275 cm{sup −1} and also the natural n-type conductivity in ZnO.

Quasicrystals: A matter of definition

OpenAIRE

Lifshitz, Ron

2003-01-01

It is argued that the prevailing definition of quasicrystals, requiring them to contain an axis of symmetry that is forbidden in periodic crystals, is inadequate. This definition is too restrictive in that it excludes an important and interesting collection of structures that exhibit all the well-known properties of quasicrystals without possessing any forbidden symmetries.

The structural, electrical and optical properties of Mg-doped ZnO with different interstitial Mg concentration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hu, Yonghong, E-mail: hchyh@njust.edu.cn [School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100 (China); Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 (China); Zeng, Haibo [Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 (China); Du, Jifu [School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100 (China); Hu, Ziyu [Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100084 (China); Zhang, Shengli [Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 (China)

2016-10-01

Through first principle calculations, we studied the structural, electronic and optical properties of ZnO doped by interstitial Mg. With the increase of Mg content (x), the derivations of lattice parameters from the wurtzite ZnO become more and more significant. The Mg-doped ZnO with x below 15.79% is found to be n-type semiconductor. The minimum of energy band gap and light transmittance in high energy region (7.5–25 eV) decrease while the conductivity and refractive index increase with increasing x. Further increasing x up to 20%, the Mg-doped ZnO is found to be direct-band-gap semiconductor with great structural derivation from wurtzite phase. The light transmittance increases while the refractive index decreases with the increase of x due to the change of geometry and electronic structure. So, it’s concluded that the electronic and optical properties of ZnO doped by interstitial Mg may be greatly influenced by Mg content. - Graphical abstract: The minimum of energy gap decreases while the corresponding relative number of electrons into the conduction bands increases when the interstitial Mg content x in Mg-doped ZnO increases (0 ≤ x ≤ 15.79%). - Highlights: • The energy band gap decreases with the increase of interstitial Mg content from 5.88% to 15.79%. • The conductivity increases with the increase of interstitial Mg content from 5.88% to 15.79%. • The Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O (interstitial Mg content x= 20%) is found to be a direct-band-gap semiconductor. • The light transmittance decreases with the increase of interstitial Mg content from 5.88% to 15.79%. • The refractive index increases with the increase of interstitial Mg content from 5.88% to 15.79%.

Facile combustion based engineering of novel white light emitting Zn2TiO4:Dy3+ nanophosphors for display and forensic applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K.M. Girish

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Nanomaterials find a wide range of applications in surface based nanoscience and technology. To pass high backward encumbrance, low sensitivity, complicated setup and poor universality in traditional methods for the enhancement of latent fingerprints and display applications, we explored the superstructures of dysprosium (Dy3+ doped Zn2TiO4 via a facile solution combustion route. This method offers new potentials in surface-based science comprising display, latent fingerprint, and luminescent ink for anticounterfeiting applications. The characteristic emissions of intra-4f shell Dy3+ cations in blue, yellow and red regions corresponding to 4F9/2 to 6H15/2, 6H13/2, and 6H11/2 transitions respectively, showed white emission, and the Judd–Ofelt theory was used to estimate photometric parameters. The concentration quenching phenomenon is discussed based on possible interactions. Our study reveals a new prospect of using optimized Zn2TiO4:Dy3+ nanophosphors for research in display, fingerprint detection, cheiloscopy, anti-counterfeiting technology, ceramic pigment and forensic applications.

Tunable-color luminescence via energy transfer in NaCa13/18Mg5/18PO4:A (A = Eu2+/Tb3+/Mn2+, Dy3+) phosphors for solid state lighting.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Kai; Fan, Jian; Mi, Xiaoyun; Zhang, Yang; Lian, Hongzhou; Shang, Mengmeng; Lin, Jun

2014-11-17

A series of NaCa13/18Mg5/18PO4(NCMPO):A (A = Eu(2+)/Tb(3+)/Mn(2+), Dy(3+)) phosphors have been prepared by the high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), cathodoluminescence (CL), decay lifetimes, and PL quantum yields (QYs) were utilized to characterize the phosphors. The pure crystalline phase of as-prepared samples has been demonstrated via XRD measurement and Rietveld refinements. XPS reveals that the Eu(2+)/Tb(3+)/Mn(2+) can be efficiently doped into the crystal lattice. NCMPO:Eu(2+)/Tb(3+)/Mn(2+) phosphors can be effectively excited under UV radiation, which show tunable color from purple-blue to red including white emission based on energy transfer from Eu(2+) to Tb(3+)/Mn(2+) ions. Under low-voltage electron beam bombardment, the NCMPO:A (A = Eu(2+)/Tb(3+)/Mn(2+), Dy(3+)) display their, respectively, characteristic emissions with different colors, and the CL spectrum of NCMPO:0.04Tb(3+) has the comparable intensity to the ZnO:Zn commercial product. In addition, the calculated CIE coordinate of NCMPO:0.04Tb(3+) (0.252, 0.432) is more saturated than it (0.195, 0.417). These results reveal that NCMPO:A (A = Eu(2+)/Tb(3+)/Mn(2+), Dy(3+)) may be potential candidate phosphors for WLEDs and FEDs.

Formation and Corrosion Resistance of Mg-Al Hydrotalcite Film on Mg-Gd-Zn Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Ba, Z. X.; Dong, Q. S.; Kong, S. X.; Zhang, X. B.; Xue, Y. J.; Chen, Y. J.

2017-06-01

An environment-friendly technique for depositing a Mg-Al hydrotalcite (HT) (Mg6Al2(OH)16-CO3ṡ4H2O) conversion film was developed to protect the Mg-Gd-Zn alloy from corrosion. The morphology and chemical compositions of the film were analyzed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy (RS), respectively. The electrochemical test and hydrogen evolution test were employed to evaluate the biocorrosion behavior of Mg-Gd-Zn alloy coated with the Mg-Al HT film in the simulated body fluid (SBF). It was found that the formation of Mg-Al HT film was a transition from amorphous precursor to a crystalline HT structure. The HT film can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy. It indicates that the process provides a promising approach to modify Mg-Gd-Zn alloy.

Thermoluminescence characterization of LiMgF3: DyF3 phosphors exposed to beta radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bernal, R.; Alday S, K.R.; Brown, F.; Cruz V, C.; Furetta, C.; Cruz Z, E.; Kitis, G.

2006-01-01

LiMgF 3 : DyF 3 phosphors were obtained as polycrystalline solids from the melting of component salts, with two DyF 3 concentrations, 2.02 % mol, and 4.04 % mol. In order to guarantee the homogeneity of composition, the samples were crushed and the resulting powder was pressed to form pellet-shaped phosphors, some of which were sintered at 700 C for 5 h under air atmosphere. Thermoluminescence measurements of beta irradiated samples show that these phosphors exhibit adequate properties to be considered for development of thermoluminescence dosimeters. Integrated thermoluminescence as a function of dose displays a linear dependence with dose for doses below 20.0 Gy. (Author)

Isostructural and heterostructural MgZnO and CdZnO alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schleife, Andre; Roedl, Claudia; Bechstedt, Friedhelm [Institut fuer Festkoerpertheorie und -optik and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, 07743 Jena (Germany)

2011-07-01

One important goal of materials design is to purposefully tailor the fundamental band gap. Recently, group-II oxides such as MgO, ZnO, and CdO are discussed to possibly supersede the nitrides for certain applications, e.g. in optoelectronics. Since the band gaps of the oxides cover a large spectral range from 1.8 eV (CdO) up to 7.7 eV (MgO), their alloys seem to be promising - unless the different equilibrium crystal structures of the end components (rocksalt-MgO and -CdO vs. wurtzite-ZnO) prevent their application. By employing three different cluster statistics within a cluster-expansion approach we investigate the impact of different growth conditions on the composition of isostructural and heterostructural Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O and Cd{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O alloys. Our total-energy calculations are based on density-functional theory using a generalized-gradient approximation for exchange and correlation. We also compute quasiparticle energies using the HSE03+G{sub 0}W{sub 0} approach. This allows us to derive the bowings of fundamental band gaps, which reveal a strongly nonlinear behavior. Using the solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the optical polarization function we investigate the influence of the preparation conditions on the peaks related to bound excitonic states at the absorption edge.

Methods for Calculating Empires in Quasicrystals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fang Fang

2017-10-01

Full Text Available This paper reviews the empire problem for quasiperiodic tilings and the existing methods for generating the empires of the vertex configurations in quasicrystals, while introducing a new and more efficient method based on the cut-and-project technique. Using Penrose tiling as an example, this method finds the forced tiles with the restrictions in the high dimensional lattice (the mother lattice that can be cut-and-projected into the lower dimensional quasicrystal. We compare our method to the two existing methods, namely one method that uses the algorithm of the Fibonacci chain to force the Ammann bars in order to find the forced tiles of an empire and the method that follows the work of N.G. de Bruijn on constructing a Penrose tiling as the dual to a pentagrid. This new method is not only conceptually simple and clear, but it also allows us to calculate the empires of the vertex configurations in a defected quasicrystal by reversing the configuration of the quasicrystal to its higher dimensional lattice, where we then apply the restrictions. These advantages may provide a key guiding principle for phason dynamics and an important tool for self error-correction in quasicrystal growth.

Electrochemistry of Zn(II)/Zn on Mg alloy from the N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide ionic liquid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Deng, Ming-Jay, E-mail: martinez730523@yahoo.com.tw [National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan (China); Lin, Pei-Chiung [Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (China); Chang, Jeng-Kuei, E-mail: jkchang@ncu.edu.tw [Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan (China); Chen, Jin-Ming; Lu, Kueih-Tzu [National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan (China)

2011-07-01

Highlights: > Electrodeposition of Zn was successfully demonstrnated in the water- and air-stable BMP-DCA ionic liquid. While ZnCl{sub 2} is insoluble in the BMP-TFSI ionic liquid, it dissolves easily in the BMP-DCA. > Amperometric titration experiments indicated that Zn(II) probably complexed as [Zn(DCA){sub 3}]- with DCA- anion. > Chronoamperometric experiments showed that the electrodeposition of Zn on GC and Mg alloy substrates involved 3D-instantaneous nucleation/growth process. > A lower deposition rate would bring out a more uniform and compact Zn coating layer (which is also thicker) and, consequently, this coating revealed a protection capability for the Mg substrate against corrosion. - Abstract: Electrochemical reaction of Zn(II)/Zn on glassy carbon electrode(GC) and Mg alloy substrates was investigated in the room-temperature ionic liquid, N-butyl-N-methyl-pyrrolidinium dicyanamide (BMP-DCA) containing ZnCl{sub 2} at 323 K. Amperometric titration experiments suggest that Zn(II) reacted with DCA anions forming [Zn(DCA){sub 3}]{sup -} complex anion, which also could be reduced to Zn metal via a single-step electron transfer process. By chronoamperometric measurements, the electrodeposition of Zn on GC and Mg alloy substrates involved three-dimensional instantaneous nucleation under diffusion control at 323 K. The Zn deposits are also systematically characterized by the techniques of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Zn layer deposited at a lower current density on Mg alloy substrates was more compact and uniform when compared to that deposited at a higher current density; consequently, this coating revealed a protection capability for the Mg substrate against corrosion.

Photoluminescence and thermoluminescence properties of Eu2+ doped and Eu2+ ,Dy3+ co-doped Ba2 MgSi2 O7 phosphors.

Science.gov (United States)

Sao, Sanjay Kumar; Brahme, Nameeta; Bisen, D P; Tiwari, Geetanjali

2016-11-01

In this work, we report the preparation, characterization, comparison and luminescence mechanisms of Eu 2 + -doped and Eu 2 + ,Dy 3 + -co-doped Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 (BMSO) phosphors. Prepared phosphors were synthesized via a high temperature solid-state reaction method. All prepared phosphors appeared white. The phase structure, particle size, and elemental analysis were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The luminescence properties of the phosphors were investigated by thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL). The PL excitation and emission spectra of Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2 + showed the peak to be around 381 nm and 490 nm respectively. The PL excitation spectrum of Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2 + Dy 3 + showed the peak to be around 341 nm and 388 nm, and the emission spectrum had a broad band around 488 nm. These emissions originated from the 4f 6 5d 1 to 4f 7 transition of Eu 2 + . TL analysis revealed that the maximum TL intensity was found at 5 mol% of Eu 2 + doping in Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 phosphors after 15 min of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. TL intensity was increased when Dy 3 + ions were co-doped in Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2 + and maximum TL intensity was observed for 2 mol% of Dy 3 + . TL emission spectra of Ba 1.95 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.05Eu 2 + and Ba 1.93 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.05Eu 2 + ,0.02Dy 3 + phosphors were found at 500 nm. TL intensity increased with UV exposure time up to 15 min, then decreased for the higher UV radiation dose for both Eu doping and Eu,Dy co-doping. The trap depths were calculated to be 0.54 eV for Ba 1.95 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.05Eu 2 + and 0.54 eV and 0.75 eV for Ba 1.93 MgSi 2 O 7 :0.05Eu 2 + ,0.02Dy 3 + phosphors. It was observed that co-doping with small amounts of Dy 3 + enhanced the thermoluminescence properties of Ba 2 MgSi 2 O 7 phosphor. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [Correction added on 5 April 2016, after first online publication: The

Synthesis and characterization of Mg-doped ZnO hollow spheres

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hammad, Talaat M.; Salem, Jamil K.

2011-01-01

Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple chemical method at low temperature with Mg:Zn atomic ratio from 0 to 7%. The synthesis process is based on the hydrolysis of zinc acetate dihydrate and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate were heated under refluxing at 65 °C using methanol as a solvent. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the Mg-doped ZnO crystallizes in a wurtzite structure with crystal size of 5–12 nm. These nanocrystals self-aggregated themselves into hollow spheres of size of 800–1100 nm. High resolution transmission electron microscopy images show that each sphere is made up of numerous nanoparticles of average diameter 5–11 nm. The XRD patterns, SEM and TEM micrographs of doping of Mg in ZnO confirmed the formation of hollow spheres indicating that the Mg 2+ is successfully substituted into the ZnO host structure of the Zn 2+ site. Furthermore, the UV–Vis spectra and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the ZnO nanoparticles were also investigated. The band gap of the nanoparticles can be tuned in the range of 3.36–3.55 eV by the use of the dopants.

Possibility of using BeMgZnSe as a new cladding material for ZnSe-based blue laser diodes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, D. C.; Choi, J. H.; Yoo, K. H.; Kim, T. W.; Yao, T.

1999-01-01

We calculated the gain and the radiative recombination current density of ZnSe/Be x Mg y Zn 1-x-y Se/Be x Mg y Zn 1-x - y Se separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) laser diodes and compared the results with those for the more popular ZnSe/Zn 1-x Mg x S y Se 1-y /Zn 1-x Mg x S y Se 1-y system. For five different values of the cladding-layer energy gap (E g,c ), we sought the optimum SCH structure that had a minimum threshold current density for both quaternaries, and we compared the corresponding current densities. For the same E g,c , ZnMgSSe was found to have a smaller threshold current density. The threshold current density decreased rapidly with increasing. E g,c in both materials. Therefore, if the available energy gap of the BeMgZnSe cladding is larger than that of ZnMGZnSSe, BeMgZnSe may be the better choice

Temperature dependence of carrier transfer and exciton localization in ZnO/MgZnO heterostructure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao Dongxu [Key Laboratory of Excited State Process, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 East Nan-Hu Road, Open Economic Zone, Changchun 130033 (China)]. E-mail: dxzhao2000@yahoo.com.cn; Li Binghui [Key Laboratory of Excited State Process, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 East Nan-Hu Road, Open Economic Zone, Changchun 130033 (China); Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Material Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024 (China); Wu Chunxia [Key Laboratory of Excited State Process, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 East Nan-Hu Road, Open Economic Zone, Changchun 130033 (China); Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China); Lu Youming [Key Laboratory of Excited State Process, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 East Nan-Hu Road, Open Economic Zone, Changchun 130033 (China); Shen Dezhen [Key Laboratory of Excited State Process, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 East Nan-Hu Road, Open Economic Zone, Changchun 130033 (China); Zhang Jiying [Key Laboratory of Excited State Process, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 East Nan-Hu Road, Open Economic Zone, Changchun 130033 (China); Fan Xiwu [Key Laboratory of Excited State Process, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 East Nan-Hu Road, Open Economic Zone, Changchun 130033 (China)

2006-07-15

MgZnO/ZnO heterostructure was fabricated on sapphire substrate by plasma assistant molecular beam epitaxy. The micro-photoluminescence spectra of sample are reported, which shows that different emission peaks would appear when the laser beam focuses different deepness in the film. A carrier tunneling process from the MgZnO capping layer to ZnO layer was observed by the measured temperature dependence of photoluminescence spectra. This induces the emission intensity of the ZnO grew monotonically from 81 to 103 K.

NMR and NQR study of the electronic and structural properties of Al-Cu-Fe and Al-Cu-Ru quasicrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shastri, A.; Borsa, F.; Torgeson, D.R.; Shield, J.E.; Goldman, A.I.

1994-01-01

27 Al and 63,65 Cu NMR is reported for powdered stable Al-Cu-Fe and Al-Cu-Ru icosahedral quasicrystals and crystalline approximants, and for an Al-Pd-Mn single-grain quasicrystal. 27 Al NQR spectra at 4.2 K were observed in Al-Cu-Fe and Al-Cu-Ru samples. From quadrupole-perturbed NMR spectra at different magnetic fields, and from zero-field NQR spectra, a wide distribution of local electric-field gradient (EFG) tensor components and principal-axis-system orientations was found at the Al site. A model EFG calculation based on a 1/1 Al-Cu-Fe approximant successfully explained the observed NQR spectra. The average local gradient is largely determined by the p-electron wave function at the Al site, while the width of the distribution is due to EFG lattice contribution. Comparison of 63 Cu and 27 Al NMR shows the EFG distribution at the two sites is similar, but the electronic contribution to the EFG is considerably smaller at the Cu site, in agreement with a more s-type wave function of the conduction electrons. Overall spread of EFG values is well reproduced by calculation based on the approximant. However, the experimental spectra indicate a much larger number of nonequivalent sites when compared with the simulated NQR spectra based on the 1/1 approximant. The short-range, local chemical order is well represented by the approximant, but differences in coordination must be included at intermediate range in the quasicrystal. Measured 27 Al Knight shift, magnetic susceptibility, and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time as a function of temperature indicate reduced density of states at the Fermi level by a factor of 7 or 8 from the value in Al metal, consistent with the notion of a pseudogap for these quasicrystals. No differences in measured parameters were detected as a function of composition of the quasicrystalline alloys

Internal and external quasicrystal inflation center and their scaling factors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masakova, Z.; Patera, J.; Pelantova, E.

1998-01-01

The properties of quasicrystals of the cut and project type - namely, self-similarities or so-called inflation properties - are studied. A complete description is given for centers of the scaling symmetry of a quasicrystal, and the relevant scaling factors are determined for each 'inflation center'. If the center is a quasicrystal point, it is called an 'internal inflation center'; otherwise, it is an 'external' one. It turns out that, for any quasicrystal point u, the set of appropriate scaling factors is a u-dependent one-dimensional quasicrystal. There are infinitely many scaling factors common to all internal inflation centers. The description of external inflation centers, which are plentiful in any quasicrystal, is a slight modification of a similar description for the interval ones

Effect of Mg on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of the Continuously Hot-Dip Galvanizing Zn-Mg Coating

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anping Dong

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The microstructure of continuously hot-dip galvanizing Zn-Mg coating was investigated in order to obtain the mechanism of the effects of Mg on the corrosion resistance. In this paper, the vertical section of the Zn-0.20 wt % Al-Mg ternary phase diagram near the Al-low corner was calculated. The results indicates that the phase composition of the Zn-0.20 wt % Al-Mg ternary phase diagram near the Al-low corner is the same as Zn-Mg binary phase diagram, suggesting Al in the Zn-Mg (ZM coatings mainly concentrates on the interfacial layer between the coating and steel substrate. The microstructure of continuously hot-dip galvanizing ZM coatings with 0.20 wt % Al containing 1.0–3.0 wt % Mg was investigated using tunneling electron microscopy (TEM. The morphology of Zn in the coating changes from bulk to strip and finally to mesh-like, and the MgZn2 changes from rod-like to mesh-like with the Mg content increasing. Al in the ZM coatings mainly segregates at the Fe2Al5 inhibition layer and the Mg added to the Zn bath makes this inhibition layer thinner and uneven. Compared to GI coating, the time of the first red rust appears increases by more than two-fold and expansion rate of red rust reduces by more than four-fold in terms of salt spray experiment. The ZM coating containing 2.0 wt % Mg has the best corrosion resistance. The enhanced corrosion resistance of ZM coatings mainly depends on different corrosion products.

Degradation behavior of Mg-based biomaterials containing different long-period stacking ordered phases

Science.gov (United States)

Peng, Qiuming; Guo, Jianxin; Fu, Hui; Cai, Xuecheng; Wang, Yanan; Liu, Baozhong; Xu, Zhigang

2014-01-01

Long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases play an essential role in the development of magnesium alloys because they have a direct effect on mechanical and corrosion properties of the alloys. The LPSO structures are mostly divided to 18R and 14H. However, to date there are no consistent opinions about their degradation properties although both of them can improve mechanical properties. Herein we have successfully obtained two LPSO phases separately in the same Mg-Dy-Zn system and comparatively investigated the effect of different LPSO phases on degradation behavior in 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution. Our results demonstrate that a fine metastable 14H-LPSO phase in grain interior is more effective to improve corrosion resistance due to the presence of a homogeneous oxidation film and rapid film remediation ability. The outstanding corrosion resistant Mg-Dy-Zn based alloys with a metastable 14H-LPSO phase, coupled with low toxicity of alloying elements, are highly desirable in the design of novel Mg-based biomaterials, opening up a new avenue in the area of bio-Mg.

Dilution-triggered SMM behavior under zero field in a luminescent Zn2Dy2 tetranuclear complex incorporating carbonato-bridging ligands derived from atmospheric CO2 fixation.

Science.gov (United States)

Titos-Padilla, Silvia; Ruiz, José; Herrera, Juan Manuel; Brechin, Euan K; Wersndorfer, Wolfgang; Lloret, Francesc; Colacio, Enrique

2013-08-19

The synthesis, structure, magnetic, and luminescence properties of the Zn2Dy2 tetranuclear complex of formula {(μ3-CO3)2[Zn(μ-L)Dy(NO3)]2}·4CH3OH (1), where H2L is the compartmental ligand N,N',N″-trimethyl-N,N″-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylbenzyl)diethylenetriamine, are reported. The carbonate anions that bridge two Zn(μ-L)Dy units come from the atmospheric CO2 fixation in a basic medium. Fast quantum tunneling relaxation of the magnetization (QTM) is very effective in this compound, so that single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior is only observed in the presence of an applied dc field of 1000 Oe, which is able to partly suppress the QTM relaxation process. At variance, a 1:10 Dy:Y magnetic diluted sample, namely, 1', exhibits SMM behavior at zero applied direct-current (dc) field with about 3 times higher thermal energy barrier than that in 1 (U(eff) = 68 K), thus demonstrating the important role of intermolecular dipolar interactions in favoring the fast QTM relaxation process. When a dc field of 1000 Oe is applied to 1', the QTM is almost fully suppressed, the reversal of the magnetization slightly slows, and U(eff) increases to 78 K. The dilution results combined with micro-SQUID magnetization measurements clearly indicate that the SMM behavior comes from single-ion relaxation of the Dy(3+) ions. Analysis of the relaxation data points out that a Raman relaxation process could significantly affect the Orbach relaxation process, reducing the thermal energy barrier U(eff) for slow relaxation of the magnetization.

Generalized dynamics of moving dislocations in quasicrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agiasofitou, Eleni; Lazar, Markus; Kirchner, Helmut

2010-01-01

A theoretical framework for dislocation dynamics in quasicrystals is provided according to the continuum theory of dislocations. Firstly, we present the fundamental theory for moving dislocations in quasicrystals giving the dislocation density tensors and introducing the dislocation current tensors for the phonon and phason fields, including the Bianchi identities. Next, we give the equations of motion for the incompatible elastodynamics as well as for the incompatible elasto-hydrodynamics of quasicrystals. We continue with the derivation of the balance law of pseudomomentum thereby obtaining the generalized forms of the Eshelby stress tensor, the pseudomomentum vector, the dynamical Peach-Koehler force density and the Cherepanov force density for quasicrystals. The form of the dynamical Peach-Koehler force for a straight dislocation is obtained as well. Moreover, we deduce the balance law of energy that gives rise to the generalized forms of the field intensity vector and the elastic power density of quasicrystals. The above balance laws are produced for both models. The differences between the two models and their consequences are revealed. The influences of the phason fields as well as of the dynamical terms are also discussed.

The synthesis and characterization of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy by powder metallurgy process

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Annur, Dhyah; Franciska, P.L.; Erryani, Aprilia; Amal, M. Ikhlasul; Kartika, Ika, E-mail: pepeng2000@yahoo.com [Research center for Metallurgy and Material, Indonesian Institute of Science (Indonesia); Sitorus, Lyandra S. [Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University (Indonesia)

2016-04-19

Known for its biodegradation and biocompatible properties, magnesium alloys have gained many interests to be researched as implant material. In this study, Mg-3Zn-1Ca, Mg-29Zn-1Ca, and Mg-53Zn-4.3Ca (in wt%) were synthesized by means of powder metallurgy method. The compression strength and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy were thoroughly examined. The microstructures of the alloy were characterized using optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, and also X-ray diffraction analysis. The corrosion resistance were evaluated using electrochemical analysis. The result indicated that Mg- Zn- Ca alloy could be synthesized using powder metallurgy method. This study showed that Mg-29Zn-1Ca would make the highest mechanical strength up to 159.81 MPa. Strengthening mechanism can be explained by precipitation hardening and grain refinement mechanism. Phase analysis had shown the formation of α Mg, MgO, and intermetallic phases: Mg2Zn11 and also Ca2Mg6Zn3. However, when the composition of Zn reach 53% weight, the mechanical strength will be decreasing. In addition, all of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy studied here had better corrosion resistance (Ecorr around -1.4 VSCE) than previous study of Mg. This study indicated that Mg- 29Zn- 1Ca alloy can be further analyzed to be a biodegradable implant material.

Crystalline and quasicrystalline allotropes of Pb formed on the fivefold surface of icosahedral Ag-In-Yb

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sharma, H. R., E-mail: H.R.Sharma@liv.ac.uk; Smerdon, J. A.; Nugent, P. J.; Ribeiro, A.; McGrath, R. [Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Physics, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX (United Kingdom); McLeod, I.; Dhanak, V. R. [Department of Physics and the Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX (United Kingdom); Shimoda, M. [National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047 (Japan); Tsai, A. P. [National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047 (Japan); Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan)

2014-05-07

Crystalline and quasicrystalline allotropes of Pb are formed by evaporation on the fivefold surface of the icosahedral (i) Ag-In-Yb quasicrystal under ultra-high vacuum. Lead grows in three dimensional quasicrystalline order and subsequently forms fivefold-twinned islands with the fcc(111) surface orientation atop of the quasicrystalline Pb. The islands exhibit specific heights (magic heights), possibly due to the confinement of electrons in the islands. We also study the adsorption behavior of C{sub 60} on the two allotropes of Pb. Scanning tunneling microcopy reveals that a high corrugation of the quasicrystalline Pb limits the diffusion of the C{sub 60} molecules and thus produces a disordered film, similar to adsorption behavior of the same molecules on the clean substrate surface. However, the sticking coefficient of C{sub 60} molecules atop the Pb islands approaches zero, regardless of the overall C{sub 60} coverage.

A molecular dual fluorescence-ON probe for Mg2+ and Zn2+: Higher selectivity towards Mg2+ over Zn2+ in a mixture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maity, Shubhra Bikash; Bharadwaj, Parimal K.

2014-01-01

A Schiff base incorporating a coumarin fluorophore has been synthesized from easily available materials and is characterized by X-ray crystallography and other techniques. The probe serves as a dual analyte sensor and quantifies Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ ions by emission enhancement at different wavelengths without interference from a host of biologically relevant alkali/alkaline earth and transition metal ions. In presence of Mg 2+ the light yellow color of the probe in methanol changes to yellow–orange while in presence of Zn 2+ ion it changes to orange and hence can be detected through naked eye. The probe selectively gives emission of Mg 2+ when Zn 2+ ion is also present. - Highlights: • A Schiff base incorporating a coumarin fluorophore has been synthesized. • It acts as a dual analyte sensor and quantifies Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ ions by emission enhancement at different wavelengths. • It shows excellent selectivity for Mg 2+ ion in presence of alkali, alkaline earth metals as well as first row transition metals

The ZnO p-n homojunctions modulated by ZnMgO barriers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Jing-Jing; Fang, Qing-Qing; Wang, Dan-Dan; Du, Wen-Han

2015-01-01

In this paper, we fabricated the ultrathin ZnO p-n homojunctions, which modulated by ZnMgO asymmetrical double barriers (ADB). The ADB p-n homojunctions displays step-like curve in the absorption spectrums, this is the first time that quantum confinement effect has been observed in the absorption spectrums at room temperature (RT). The Hall-effect data confirm there is 2-dimensional electron gas in the interface of the ZnMgO ADB p-n junctions. The quantum confinement effect enhances the hall-mobility μ to 10 3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 based on the polarity of the films. There was no rectification property in the ZnO homojunctions with thickness of 250nm, however, when the ADB was added in the n-type layer of the homojunctions, it displays a typical Zener diode rectification property in the I-V curve

Vacancies and atomic processes in intermetallics - From crystals to quasicrystals and bulk metallic glasses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schaefer, Hans-Eckhardt [Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physics, Stuttgart University, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany); Baier, Falko [Voith Turbo Comp., Alexanderstr. 2, 89552 Heidenheim (Germany); Mueller, Markus A. [GFT Technologies A. G., Filderhauptstr. 142, 70599 Stuttgart (Germany); Reichle, Klaus J. [Philipp-Matthaeus-Hahn School, Jakob-Beutter-Str. 15, 72336 Balingen (Germany); Reimann, Klaus [NXP Semiconductors, Central Research and Development, High Tech Campus 4, 5656 AE Eindhoven (Netherlands); Rempel, Andrey A. [Institute of Solid State Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Pervomaiskaya 91, 620041 Ekaterinburg (Russian Federation); Sato, Kiminori [Tokyo Gakugei University, Nukuikita 4-1-1, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501 (Japan); Ye, Feng [State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing 100083 (China); Zhang, Xiangyi [Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004 (China); Sprengel, Wolfgang [Institute of Materials Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz (Austria)

2011-10-15

A review is given on atomic vacancies in intermetallic compounds. The intermetallic compounds cover crystalline, quasicrystalline, and bulk metallic glass (BMG) structures. Vacancies can be specifically characterized by their positron lifetimes, by the coincident measurement of the Doppler broadening of the two quanta emitted by positron-electron annihilation, or by time-differential dilatometry. By these techniques, high concentrations and low mobilities of thermal vacancies were found in open-structured B2 intermetallics such as FeAl or NiAl, whereas the concentrations of vacancies are low and their mobilities high in close-packed structure as, e.g., L1{sub 2}-Ni{sub 3}Al. The activation volumes of vacancy formation and migration are determined by high-pressure experiments. The favorable sublattice for vacancy formation is found to be the majority sublattice in Fe{sub 61}Al{sub 39} and in MoSi{sub 2}. In the icosahedral quasicrystal Al{sub 70}Pd{sub 21}Mn{sub 9} the thermal vacancy concentration is low, whereas in the BMG Zr{sub 57}Cu{sub 15.4}Ni{sub 12.6}Nb{sub 3}Al{sub 10} thermal vacancies are found in high concentrations with low mobilities. This may determine the basic mechanisms of the glass transition. Making use of the experimentally determined vacancy data, the main features of atomic diffusion studies in crystalline intermetallics, in quasicrystals, and in BMGs can be understood. Manfred Faehnle and his group have substantially contributed to the theoretical understanding of vacancies and diffusion mechanisms in intermetallics. (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Thermomechanical Treatments on High Strength Al-Zn-Mg(-Cu) Alloys

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Di Russo, E; Conserva, M; Gatto, F

1974-01-01

An investigation was carried out to determine the metallurgical properties of Al-Zn-Mg and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy products processed according to newly developed Final Thermomechanical Treatments (FTMT) of T-AHA type...

Structural and magnetic properties of Mg-Zn ferrites (Mg{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) prepared by sol-gel method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reyes-Rodríguez, Pamela Yajaira, E-mail: pamela2244_4@hotmail.com [Cinvestav-Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industrial Metalúrgica #1062, Parque Industrial Saltillo-Ramos Arizpe, CP 25900, México (Mexico); Cortés-Hernández, Dora Alicia; Escobedo-Bocardo, José Concepción; Almanza-Robles, José Manuel; Sánchez-Fuentes, Héctor Javier; Jasso-Terán, Argentina; De León-Prado, Laura Elena [Cinvestav-Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industrial Metalúrgica #1062, Parque Industrial Saltillo-Ramos Arizpe, CP 25900, México (Mexico); Méndez-Nonell, Juan [Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, Ave. Miguel Cervantes #120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, CP 31109 Chihuahua, México (Mexico); Hurtado-López, Gilberto Francisco [Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo #140, CP 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, México (Mexico)

2017-04-01

In this study, the Mg{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles (x=0–0.9) were prepared by sol-gel method. These ferrites exhibit an inverse spinel structure and the lattice parameter increases as the substitution of Zn{sup 2+} ions is increased. At lower Zn content (0.1≤x≤0.5), saturation magnetization (Ms) increases, while it decreases at higher Zn content (x≥6). The remnant magnetization (0.17–2.0 emu/g) and coercive field (6.0–60 Oe) indicate a ferrimagnetic behavior. The average core diameter of selected ferrites is around 15 nm and the nanoparticles morphology is quasi spherical. The heating ability of some Mg{sub 0.9}Zn{sub 0.1}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Mg{sub 0.7}Zn{sub 0.3}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} aqueous suspensions indicates that the magnetic nanoparticles can increase the medium temperature up to 42 °C in a time less than 10 min - Highlights: • Magnetic nanoparticles of Mg{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} were synthesized by sol-gel method. • Nanoparticles showing a single spinel crystalline structure were obtained. • Aqueous suspensions of Mg{sub 0.7}Zn{sub 0.3}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Mg{sub 0.9}Zn{sub 0.1}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} show heating ability.

Sampling on Quasicrystals

OpenAIRE

Grepstad, Sigrid

2011-01-01

We prove that quasicrystals are universal sets of stable sampling in any dimension. Necessary and sufficient density conditions for stable sampling and interpolation sets in one dimension are studied in detail.

Ultraviolet electroluminescence from Au/MgO/MgxZn1−xO heterojunction diodes and the observation of Zn-rich cluster emission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, C.Y.; Xu, H.Y.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, C.; Ma, J.G.; Liu, Y.C.

2014-01-01

In this work, ultraviolet (UV) electroluminescence (EL) is achieved from Au/MgO/Mg x Zn 1−x O heterojunction diodes. The EL mechanism and laser forming process are discussed based on the energy band diagram, impact-ionization process and disordered optical structure. For ZnO and low Mg-content MgZnO devices, their EL spectra show single near-band-edge (NBE) emission. While in high Mg-content MgZnO devices, the emission from self-formed Zn-rich MgZnO clusters is observed and also contribute to the UV EL band. These Zn-rich clusters can act as thermally-stable luminescence centers, suggesting a promising route for developing MgZnO-based UV light-emitting devices. -- Highlights: • A series of Au/MgO/Mg x Zn 1−x O heterojunction diodes with multiple Mg compositions are fabricated and ultraviolet electroluminescence is achieved. • EL mechanism and laser forming process are discussed based on energy band diagram, impact-ionization process and disordered optical structure. • The transition from spontaneous to stimulated emission is observed in these heterojunctions, and the lasing mode is random laser. • In high Mg-content MgZnO devices, the emission from self-formed Zn-rich clusters is observed, which are thermally stable luminescence centers

Bonding and doping of simple icosahedral-boride semiconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Emin, David

2004-01-01

A simple model of the bonding and doping of a series of icosahedral-boride insulators is presented. Icosahedral borides contain clusters of boron atoms that occupy the 12 vertices of icosahedra. This particular series of icosahedral borides share both the stoichiometry B 12 X 2 , where X denotes a group V element (P or As), and a common lattice structure. The inter-icosahedral bonding of these icosahedral borides is contrasted with that of B 12 O 2 and with that of α-rhombohedral boron. Knowledge of the various types of inter-icosahedral bonding is used as a basis to address effects of inter-icosahedral atomic substitutions. The inter-icosahedral bonding is maintained when an atom of a group V element is replaced with an atom of a group IV element, thereby producing a p-type dopant. However, changes of inter-icosahedral bonding occur upon replacing an atom of a group V element with an atom of a group VI element or with a vacancy. As a result, these substitutions do not produce effective n-type dopants. Moreover, partial substitution of boron atoms for atoms of group V elements generally renders these materials p-type semiconductors

Thermoluminescence studies of γ-irradiated ZnO:Mg"2"+ nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pushpa, N.; Kokila, M.K.; Nagabhushana, K.R.

2016-01-01

Pure and Mg"2"+ doped ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized by solution combustion method. X-ray diffraction studies of the samples confirm hexagonal phase. Crystallite size is calculated using Scherer formula and found to be ∼30 nm for undoped ZnO and 34–38 nm for Mg"2"+ doped ZnO. A broad PL emission in the range 400–600 nm with peaks at 400, 450, 468, 483, 492, 517, 553 nm are observed in both pure and Mg"2"+ doped nanoparticles. Near band edge emission of ZnO is observed at 400 nm. The broad band emissions are due to surface defects. PL emission intensity is found to increase with Mg"2"+ concentration up to 1.5 mol% and then decreases due to concentration quenching. Samples are irradiated with γ-rays in a dose range 0.05–8 kGy. Gamma irradiation doesn’t affect PL properties. Undoped samples exhibit unstructured low intense TL glow with peak at 720 K. Whereas Mg"2"+ doped samples exhibit well structured TL glow curves with peak at ∼618 K. TL glow peak intensity of Mg"2"+ doped samples increases with Mg"2"+ concentration up to 2 mol%, thereafter decreases. TL curves of Mg"2"+ (2 mol%) doped ZnO exhibit two glows, a high intense peak at 618 K and a weak one with peak at ∼485 K. TL intensity of Mg"2"+ (2 mol%) doped ZnO samples increases with gamma dose up to 1 kGy and then decreases. Kinetic parameters of TL glows are calculated by deconvolution technique. Activation energy and frequency factor are found to be 1.5 eV and 3.38 × 10"1"1 s"−"1 respectively.

Quasicrystalline and crystalline phases in Al65Cu20(Fe, Cr)15 alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, W.; Koester, U.; Mueller, F.; Rosenberg, M.

1992-01-01

Two types of icosahedral quasicrystals are observed in Al 65 Cu 20 Fe 15-x Cr x (0 ≤ x ≤ 15) alloys, the face-centred AlCuFe-type icosahedral phase with dissoluted Cr and the primitive AlCuCr-type icosahedral phase with dissoluted Fe. In the vicinity of Al 65 Cu 20 Fe 8 Cr 7 a stable decagonal phase (a=0.45 nm and c=1.23 nm) forms competitively with the icosahedral quasicrystals. All these three quasicrystalline phases can be regarded as Hume-Rothery phases stabilized by the energy band factor. The density is measured to be 4.57, 4.44, and 4.11 g/cm 3 for the icosahedral Al 65 Cu 20 Fe 15 , the decagonal Al 65 Cu 20 Fe 8 Cr 7 , and the icosahedral Al 65 Cu 20 Cr 15 alloys, respectively. Depending on the composition in the range between Al 65 Cu 20 Fe 8 Cr 7 and Al 65 Cu 20 Cr 15 , several crystalline phases are observed during the transormation of the AlCuCr-type icosahedral phase: the 1/1-3/2-type orthorhombic (o) and the 1/0-3/2-type tetragonal (t) approximants of the decagonal phase, a hexagonal (h) phase, as well as a long-range vacancy ordered τ 3 -phase derived from a CsCl-type structure with a=0.2923 nm. The structures of all the crystalline phases are closely related to those of the icosahedral (i) and decagonal (d) quasicrystals, which leads to a definite orientation relationship as follows: i5 parallel d10 parallel o[100] parallel t[100] parallel h[001] parallel τ 3 [110]. (orig.)

Hydrogenation study of suction-cast Ti{sub 40}Zr{sub 40}Ni{sub 20} quasicrystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huang, Huogen; Li, Rong; Yin, Chen; Zheng, Shaotao; Zhang, Pengcheng [National Key Laboratory for Surface Physics and Chemistry, P.O. Box 718-35, Mian Yang 621907, Sichuan (China)

2008-09-15

Suction casting was predicted to be an usable method for improving the hydriding kinetics of Ti/Zr-based icosahedral quasicrystals (IQCs) in our previous work. To further determine it, a suction-cast Ti{sub 40}Zr{sub 40}Ni{sub 20} IQC alloy was used for hydrogenation studies by Pressure Composition Isotherm (PCI) and Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) techniques. The results showed that, this alloy absorbed hydrogen rapidly with obvious hydrogen pressure plateau and some reversibility, however, displayed very limited hydrogen capacity (about 0.7 wt.%) and low equilibrium pressure. After several hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycles, the IQC structure transformed into two hydride phases, ZrH{sub 2-x} and one unknown, both of which decomposed at above 600 C, suggesting high thermo-stability for them. On the whole, indeed the suction-casting method can increase the hydrogen absorption rate of Ti/Zr-based IQCs, however, the hydrogenation properties of the Ti{sub 40}Zr{sub 40}Ni{sub 20} IQC alloy still need a mighty advancement. (author)

Structural and electrical properties of ZnO/Zn0.85Mg0.15O thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Jing-Jing; Wang, Gang; Du, Wen-Han; Xiong, Chao

2017-07-01

The electrical transport properties are the key factors to determine the performance of ZnO-based quantum effect device. ZnMgO is a typical material to regulate the band of ZnO. In order to investigate the electrical properties of the interface of ZnO/Zn0.85Mg0.15O films, three kinds of ZnO/Zn0.85Mg0.15O films have been fabricated with different thickness. After comparing the structural and electrical properties of the samples, we found that the independent Zn0.85Mg0.15O hexagonal wurtzite structure (002) peak can be detected in XRD spectra. Hall-effect test data confirmed that the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) became lower because of the decrease of thickness of Zn0.85Mg0.15O films, increase of impurity scattering and lattice structure distortion caused by the increase of Mg content.

Fabrication of biodegradable Zn-Al-Mg alloy: Mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities.

Science.gov (United States)

Bakhsheshi-Rad, H R; Hamzah, E; Low, H T; Kasiri-Asgarani, M; Farahany, S; Akbari, E; Cho, M H

2017-04-01

In this work, binary Zn-0.5Al and ternary Zn-0.5Al-xMg alloys with various Mg contents were investigated as biodegradable materials for implant applications. Compared with Zn-0.5Al (single phase), Zn-0.5Al-xMg alloys consisted of the α-Zn and Mg 2 (Zn, Al) 11 with a fine lamellar structure. The results also revealed that ternary Zn-Al-Mg alloys presented higher micro-hardness value, tensile strength and corrosion resistance compared to the binary Zn-Al alloy. In addition, the tensile strength and corrosion resistance increased with increasing the Mg content in ternary alloys. The immersion tests also indicated that the corrosion rates in the following order Zn-0.5Al-0.5MgAl-0.3MgAl-0.1MgAl. The cytotoxicity tests exhibited that the Zn-0.5Al-0.5Mg alloy presents higher viability of MC3T3-E1 cell compared to the Zn-0.5Al alloy, which suggested good biocompatibility. The antibacterial activity result of both Zn-0.5Al and Zn-0.5Al-Mg alloys against Escherichia coli presented some antibacterial activity, while the Zn-0.5Al-0.5Mg significantly prohibited the growth of Escherichia coli. Thus, Zn-0.5Al-0.5Mg alloy with appropriate mechanical properties, low corrosion rate, good biocompatibility and antibacterial activities was believed to be a good candidate as a biodegradable implant material. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial property of ZnO:Mg nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Kompany, A.; Madahi, P.; Shahtahmasbi, N.; Mashreghi, M.

2012-09-01

Sol-gel method was successfully used for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) doped with different concentrations of Mg and the structural, optical and antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles were studied. The synthesized ZnO:Mg powders were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformation Infrared (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was revealed that the samples have hexagonal Wurtzite structure, and the phase segregation takes place for 15% Mg content. TEM images show that the average size of the particles is about 50 nm. Also, the antibacterial activities of the nanoparticles were tested against Escherichia coli (Gram negative) cultures. ZnO:Mg nanofluid showed good antibacterial activity which increases with the increase of NPs concentration, and decreases slightly with the amount of Mg.

Hot LO-phonon limited electron transport in ZnO/MgZnO channels

Science.gov (United States)

Šermukšnis, E.; Liberis, J.; Matulionis, A.; Avrutin, V.; Toporkov, M.; Özgür, Ü.; Morkoç, H.

2018-05-01

High-field electron transport in two-dimensional channels at ZnO/MgZnO heterointerfaces has been investigated experimentally. Pulsed current-voltage (I-V) and microwave noise measurements used voltage pulse widths down to 30 ns and electric fields up to 100 kV/cm. The samples investigated featured electron densities in the range of 4.2-6.5 × 1012 cm-2, and room temperature mobilities of 142-185 cm2/V s. The pulsed nature of the applied field ensured negligible, if any, change in the electron density, thereby allowing velocity extraction from current with confidence. The highest extracted electron drift velocity of ˜0.5 × 107 cm/s is somewhat smaller than that estimated for bulk ZnO; this difference is explained in the framework of longitudinal optical phonon accumulation (hot-phonon effect). The microwave noise data allowed us to rule out the effect of excess acoustic phonon temperature caused by Joule heating. Real-space transfer of hot electrons into the wider bandgap MgZnO layer was observed to be a limiting factor in samples with a high Mg content (48%), due to phase segregation and the associated local lowering of the potential barrier.

Solar-blind wurtzite MgZnO alloy films stabilized by Be doping

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Su, Longxing; Zhu, Yuan; Zhang, Quanlin; Chen, Mingming; Ji, Xu; Wu, Tianzhun; Gui, Xuchun; Xiang, Rong; Tang, Zikang; Pan, Bicai

2013-01-01

Mg x Zn 1−x O alloy films were deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates by radio frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (rf-PMBE). The phase segregation occurred when x was larger than 33%. Be doping was found experimentally able to stabilize the high-Mg-content MgZnO alloy. By alloying 1–2% Be into MgZnO, the band gap of as-prepared quaternary alloys can be raised to the solar-blind range (4.5 eV). Calculated formation energy of the alloys based on first principle reveals that a small amount of Be incorporation can reduce the formation energy of high-Mg-content MgZnO alloys and results in a more stable system, which justifies our experimental observations. (paper)

Phosphorus Doped Zn 1- x Mg x O Nanowire Arrays

KAUST Repository

Lin, S. S.; Hong, J. I.; Song, J. H.; Zhu, Y.; He, H. P.; Xu, Z.; Wei, Y. G.; Ding, Y.; Snyder, R. L.; Wang, Z. L.

2009-01-01

We demonstrate the growth of phosphorus doped Zn 1-xMg xO nanowire (NW) using pulsed laser deposition. For the first time, p-type Zn 0.92Mg 0.08O:P NWs are likely obtained In reference to atomic force microscopy based piezoelectric output

Growth kinetics and properties of ZnO/ZnMgO heterostructures grown by radical-source molecular beam epitaxy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ivanov, S.V. [Institute of Semiconductor Technology, Technical University Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany); Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Polytekhnicheskaya Street 26, 194021 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation); El-Shaer, A.; Bakin, A.; Waag, A. [Institute of Semiconductor Technology, Technical University Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Str. 66, 38106 Braunschweig (Germany); Shubina, T.V.; Listoshin, S.B. [Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Polytekhnicheskaya Street 26, 194021 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation)

2007-07-01

A phenomenological approach to quantitative description of Zn(Mg)O growth by radical-source molecular beam epitaxy, based on the experimental studies of RHEED intensity oscillations, has been developed. It allows a precise control of growth rate, composition and stoichiometry at any growth temperature, Along with optimization of a growth initiation procedure on a c-sapphire, it is necessary condition for fabrication of high quality ZnO epilayers and ZnO/ZnMgO heterostructures in a wide Mg composition range. (copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Effect of Mg doping in ZnO buffer layer on ZnO thin film devices for electronic applications

Science.gov (United States)

Giri, Pushpa; Chakrabarti, P.

2016-05-01

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films have been grown on p-silicon (Si) substrate using magnesium doped ZnO (Mg: ZnO) buffer layer by radio-frequency (RF) sputtering method. In this paper, we have optimized the concentration of Mg (0-5 atomic percent (at. %)) ZnO buffer layer to examine its effect on ZnO thin film based devices for electronic and optoelectronic applications. The crystalline nature, morphology and topography of the surface of the thin film have been characterized. The optical as well as electrical properties of the active ZnO film can be tailored by varying the concentration of Mg in the buffer layer. The crystallite size in the active ZnO thin film was found to increase with the Mg concentration in the buffer layer in the range of 0-3 at. % and subsequently decrease with increasing Mg atom concentration in the ZnO. The same was verified by the surface morphology and topography studies carried out with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic electron microscopy (AFM) respectively. The reflectance in the visible region was measured to be less than 80% and found to decrease with increase in Mg concentration from 0 to 3 at. % in the buffer region. The optical bandgap was initially found to increase from 3.02 eV to 3.74 eV by increasing the Mg content from 0 to 3 at. % but subsequently decreases and drops down to 3.43 eV for a concentration of 5 at. %. The study of an Au:Pd/ZnO Schottky diode reveals that for optimum doping of the buffer layer the device exhibits superior rectifying behavior. The barrier height, ideality factor, rectification ratio, reverse saturation current and series resistance of the Schottky diode were extracted from the measured current voltage (I-V) characteristics.

Phosphorus Doped Zn 1- x Mg x O Nanowire Arrays

KAUST Repository

Lin, S. S.

2009-11-11

We demonstrate the growth of phosphorus doped Zn 1-xMg xO nanowire (NW) using pulsed laser deposition. For the first time, p-type Zn 0.92Mg 0.08O:P NWs are likely obtained In reference to atomic force microscopy based piezoelectric output measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the transport property between the NWs and a n-type ZnO film. A shallow acceptor level of ∼140 meV Is identified by temperaturedependent photoluminescence. A piezoelectric output of 60 mV on average has been received using the doped NWs. Besides a control on NW aspect ratio and density, band gap engineering has also been achieved by alloying with Mg to a content of x = 0.23. The alloyed NWs with controllable conductivity type have potential application In high-efficiency all-ZnO NWs based LED, high-output ZnO nanogenerator, and other optical or electrical devices. © 2009 American Chemical Society.

Formation of MgZnO alloy under thermodynamic conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Markevich, I.V.; Stara, T.R., E-mail: stara_t@ukr.net; Kuchuk, A.V.; Polishchuk, Yu.O.; Kladko, V.P.

2014-11-15

Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O ceramics with x=0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 were sintered at T{sub s}=700–1250 °C. Photoluminescence (PL) and PL excitation (PLE) spectra as well as X-ray diffraction patterns were measured at 293 K. Bandgap width was evaluated from the position of PLE peak. Non-monotonous dependence of PLE peak position on T{sub s} was observed for all used x. This effect was concluded to be caused by the formation of cubic phase side by side with hexagonal one and the enhancement of this process with increasing T{sub s}, which resulted in the decrease of Mg content in the hexagonal phase at T{sub s}>1000 °C. Temperature range of 1000–1050 °C was found to be the optimum one for the formation of hexagonal MgZnO alloy at used x. It was shown that x=0.20 was the solubility limit of MgO in hexagonal Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O ceramics.

Effect of ZnO nanoparticles to mechanical properties of thixoformed Mg-Al-Zn alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Kusharjanto; Soepriyanto, Syoni; Ardian Korda, Akhmad; Adi Dwiwanto, Supono

2018-03-01

Magnesium alloys are lightweight metallic materials with low mechanical properties. Therefore, in order to meet the requirements in various industrial sector applications such as automotive, aerospace and electronic frame, improvement strength and ductility is required. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of adding ZnO nanoparticles to changes in microstructure, hardness, mechanical properties regarding with yield and ultimate strength. In this research, the molten Mg-Al-Zn alloy is added ZnO nanoparticles with a various range of 0, 1; 3 and 5 wt% and then cooling in the room temperature. Futhermore, Mg-Al-Zn-ZnO is heated at a temperature of 530 °C (in the semi-solid temperature range 470 °C–595 °C or 53% solid fraction) and then thixoforming process is performed. The characterization results of the thixoforming product show that, the microstructure is globular in shape with maximum hardness value of 107.14 VHN, the yield strength of 214.87 MPa, and the ultimate tensile strength of 311.25 MPa in 5 wt% ZnO nanoparticles.

Lekhnitskii's formalism of one-dimensional quasicrystals and its ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

To illustrate its utility, the generalized Lekhnitskii's formal- ism is used to analyse the coupled phonon and phason fields in an infinite quasicrystal medium con- taining an elliptic rigid inclusion. Keywords. Generalized Lekhnitskii's formalism; one-dimensional quasicrystals; plane problems; elliptic inclusion. PACS Nos 61.44.

High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Mg-Zn-Ca Alloys with Excellent Biodegradation Performance

Science.gov (United States)

Hofstetter, J.; Becker, M.; Martinelli, E.; Weinberg, A. M.; Mingler, B.; Kilian, H.; Pogatscher, S.; Uggowitzer, P. J.; Löffler, J. F.

2014-04-01

This article deals with the development of fine-grained high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) magnesium alloys intended for use as biodegradable implant material. The alloys contain solely low amounts of Zn and Ca as alloying elements. We illustrate the development path starting from the high-Zn-containing ZX50 (MgZn5Ca0.25) alloy with conventional purity, to an ultrahigh-purity ZX50 modification, and further to the ultrahigh-purity Zn-lean alloy ZX10 (MgZn1Ca0.3). It is shown that alloys with high Zn-content are prone to biocorrosion in various environments, most probably because of the presence of the intermetallic phase Mg6Zn3Ca2. A reduction of the Zn content results in (Mg,Zn)2Ca phase formation. This phase is less noble than the Mg-matrix and therefore, in contrast to Mg6Zn3Ca2, does not act as cathodic site. A fine-grained microstructure is achieved by the controlled formation of fine and homogeneously distributed (Mg,Zn)2Ca precipitates, which influence dynamic recrystallization and grain growth during hot forming. Such design scheme is comparable to that of HSLA steels, where low amounts of alloying elements are intended to produce a very fine dispersion of particles to increase the material's strength by refining the grain size. Consequently our new, ultrapure ZX10 alloy exhibits high strength (yield strength R p = 240 MPa, ultimate tensile strength R m = 255 MPa) and simultaneously high ductility (elongation to fracture A = 27%), as well as low mechanical anisotropy. Because of the anodic nature of the (Mg,Zn)2Ca particles used in the HSLA concept, the in vivo degradation in a rat femur implantation study is very slow and homogeneous without clinically observable hydrogen evolution, making the ZX10 alloy a promising material for biodegradable implants.

Pressure induced increase of the exciton phonon interaction in ZnO/(ZnMg)O quantum wells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jarosz, D.; Suchocki, A.; Kozanecki, A.; Teisseyre, H.; Kamińska, A.

2016-01-01

It is a well-established experimental fact that exciton-phonon coupling is very efficient in ZnO. The intensities of the phonon-replicas in ZnO/(ZnMg)O quantum structures strongly depend on the internal electric field. We performed high-pressure measurements on the single ZnO/(ZnMg)O quantum well. We observed a strong increase of the intensity of the phonon-replicas relative to the zero phonon line. In our opinion this effect is related to pressure induced increase of the strain in quantum structure. As a consequence, an increase of the piezoelectric component of the electric field is observed which leads to an increase of the intensity of the phonon-replicas.

Mg doping induced high structural quality of sol–gel ZnO nanocrystals: Application in photocatalysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abed, Chayma; Bouzidi, Chaker [Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Matériaux Minéraux et leurs Applications, Centre National de Recherches en Sciences des Matériaux, BP 95, Hammam-Lif 2050 (Tunisia); Elhouichet, Habib, E-mail: Habib.elhouichet@fst.rnu.tn [Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Matériaux Minéraux et leurs Applications, Centre National de Recherches en Sciences des Matériaux, BP 95, Hammam-Lif 2050 (Tunisia); Département de Physique, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092 (Tunisia); Gelloz, Bernard [Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, 2-24-16 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603 (Japan); Ferid, Mokhtar [Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Matériaux Minéraux et leurs Applications, Centre National de Recherches en Sciences des Matériaux, BP 95, Hammam-Lif 2050 (Tunisia)

2015-09-15

Highlights: • ZnO nancrystals doped with Mg were prepared from sol–gel method. • Structural and optical properties of ZnO:Mg nanocrystals were investigated. • Good crystalline quality of ZnO nanocrystals was reported after Mg doping. • Good photocatalytic activity of Mg doped ZnO nanocrystals was demonstrated under sun light illumination. - Abstract: Undoped and Mg doped ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) ZnO:x%Mg (x = 1, 2, 3, and 5) were synthesized using sol–gel method. The structural and optical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectivity, and photoluminescence (PL). XRD analysis demonstrates that all prepared samples present pure hexagonal wurtzite structure without any Mg related phases. The NCs size varies from 26.82 nm to 42.96 nm with Mg concentrations; it presents an optimal value for 2% of Mg. The Raman spectra are dominated by the E{sub 2high} mode. For highly Mg doping (5%), the occurrence of silent B{sub 1(low)} mode suggested that the Mg ions do substitute at Zn sites in the ZnO lattice The band gap energy was estimated from both Tauc and Urbach methods and found to be 3.39 eV for ZnO:2%Mg. The PL spectra exhibit two emission bands in the UV and visible range. Their evolution with Mg doping reveals the reduction of defect density in ZnO at low Mg doping by filling Zn vacancies. In addition, it was found that further Mg doping, above 2%, improves the photocatalytic activity of ZnO NCs for photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under sunlight irradiation. The efficient electron–hole separation is the main factor responsible for the enhancement of photocatalytic performance of Mg doped ZnO NCs. Through this work, we show that by varying the Mg contents in ZnO, this material can be a potential candidate for both optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications.

Cytotoxicity assessment of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on synthesized biodegradable Mg-Zn-Ca alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fazel Anvari-Yazdi, Abbas [Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials and Biomaterials Research Center (MBMRC), Tehran, IR (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Tahermanesh, Kobra, E-mail: tahermanesh.k@iums.ac.ir [Endometriosis and Gynecologic Disorders Research Center, Department of Ob. & Gyn., Rasoul-e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, IR (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Hadavi, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi [Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj, IR (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Talaei-Khozani, Tahereh [Tissue Engineering Lab, Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, IR (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Razmkhah, Mahboobeh [Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, IR (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Abed, Seyedeh Mehr [School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences (YUMS), Yasuj, IR (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Mohtasebi, Maryam Sadat [Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, IR (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2016-12-01

Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys have been extensively considered as biodegradable implant materials for orthopedic surgery. Mg and its alloys are metallic biomaterials that can degrade in the body and promote new bone formation. In this study, the corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys are evaluated with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). Mg-2Zn and Mg-2Zn-xCa (x = 1, 2 and 3 wt.%) alloys were designated. Mg alloys were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. To understand the in-vitro biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of Mg-2Zn and Mg-2Zn-xCa alloys, ASCs were cultured for 24 and 72 h in contact with 10%, 50% and 100% extraction of all alloys prepared in DMEM. Cell cytotoxicity and viability of ASCs were examined by MTT assay. Alloying elements including Zn and Ca improved the corrosion resistance of alloys were compared with pure Mg. The cytotoxicity results showed that all alloys had no significant adverse effects on cell viability in 24 h. After 72 h, cell viability and proliferation increased in the cells exposed to pure Mg and Mg-2Zn-1Ca extracts. The release of Mg, Zn and Ca ions in culture media had no toxic impacts on ASCs viability and proliferation. Mg-2Zn-1Ca alloy can be suggested as a good candidate to be used in biomedical applications. - Highlights: • Short and long term corrosion behavior of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys studied • Viability and toxicity of Adipose-derived Stem cells studied with Mg-Zn-Ca alloys • Understanding the morphology of cultured adipose stem cells on Mg alloys • Stem cells on Mg-Zn-Ca alloys could proliferate and expand.

Cytotoxicity assessment of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on synthesized biodegradable Mg-Zn-Ca alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fazel Anvari-Yazdi, Abbas; Tahermanesh, Kobra; Hadavi, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi; Talaei-Khozani, Tahereh; Razmkhah, Mahboobeh; Abed, Seyedeh Mehr; Mohtasebi, Maryam Sadat

2016-01-01

Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys have been extensively considered as biodegradable implant materials for orthopedic surgery. Mg and its alloys are metallic biomaterials that can degrade in the body and promote new bone formation. In this study, the corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys are evaluated with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). Mg-2Zn and Mg-2Zn-xCa (x = 1, 2 and 3 wt.%) alloys were designated. Mg alloys were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. To understand the in-vitro biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of Mg-2Zn and Mg-2Zn-xCa alloys, ASCs were cultured for 24 and 72 h in contact with 10%, 50% and 100% extraction of all alloys prepared in DMEM. Cell cytotoxicity and viability of ASCs were examined by MTT assay. Alloying elements including Zn and Ca improved the corrosion resistance of alloys were compared with pure Mg. The cytotoxicity results showed that all alloys had no significant adverse effects on cell viability in 24 h. After 72 h, cell viability and proliferation increased in the cells exposed to pure Mg and Mg-2Zn-1Ca extracts. The release of Mg, Zn and Ca ions in culture media had no toxic impacts on ASCs viability and proliferation. Mg-2Zn-1Ca alloy can be suggested as a good candidate to be used in biomedical applications. - Highlights: • Short and long term corrosion behavior of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys studied • Viability and toxicity of Adipose-derived Stem cells studied with Mg-Zn-Ca alloys • Understanding the morphology of cultured adipose stem cells on Mg alloys • Stem cells on Mg-Zn-Ca alloys could proliferate and expand

First-principle Calculations of Mechanical Properties of Al2Cu, Al2CuMg and MgZn2 Intermetallics in High Strength Aluminum Alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LIAO Fei

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Structural stabilities, mechanical properties and electronic structures of Al2Cu, Al2CuMg and MgZn2 intermetallics in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys were determined from the first-principle calculations by VASP based on the density functional theory. The results show that the cohesive energy (Ecoh decreases in the order MgZn2 > Al2CuMg > Al2Cu, whereas the formation enthalpy (ΔH decreases in the order MgZn2 > Al2Cu > Al2CuMg. Al2Cu can act as a strengthening phase for its ductile and high Young's modulus. The Al2CuMg phase exhibits elastic anisotropy and may act as a crack initiation point. MgZn2 has good plasticity and low melting point, which is the main strengthening phase in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloys. Metallic bonding mode coexists with a fractional ionic interaction in Al2Cu, Al2CuMg and MgZn2, and that improves the structural stability. In order to improve the alloys' performance further, the generation of MgZn2 phase should be promoted by increasing Zn content while Mg and Cu contents are decreased properly.

Air permeability of the artificially synthesized Zn-Al-Mg alloy rusts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishikawa, Tatsuo; Ueda, Masato; Kandori, Kazuhiko; Nakayama, Takenori

2007-01-01

The rust particles of Zn-Al-Mg alloys were synthesized from aqueous solutions dissolving ZnCl 2 , AlCl 3 , and MgCl 2 at different atomic ratios of the metal ions. The crystal phase and particle morphology of the products depended on the composition of the starting solutions. The compactness of the layers of the products was estimated by measuring their air permeability. The layer of mixed metal hydroxide chloride formed at Zn:Al:Mg = 1:1:1 showed a highest compactness, that was ascribed to the preferred orientation of the fine plate particles. The addition of Mg(II) made plate particles smaller to give more compact layers

Non-isothermal precipitation behaviors of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with different Zn contents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guo, M.X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, X.K.; Zhang, J.S.; Zhuang, L.Z.

2016-01-01

The non-isothermal precipitation behaviors of Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloys with different Zn contents were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, hardness measurement and high resolution transmission electron microscope characterization. The results show that Zn addition has a significant effect on the GP zone dissolution and precipitation of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys. And their activation energies change with the changes of Zn content and aging conditions. Precipitation kinetics can be improved by adding 0.5 wt% or 3.0 wt%Zn, while be suppressed after adding 1.5 wt%Zn. The Mg-Si precipitates (GP zones and β″) are still the main precipitates in the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys after heated up to 250 °C, and no Mg-Zn precipitates are observed in the Zn-added alloy due to the occurrence of Mg-Zn precipitates reversion. The measured age-hardening responses of the alloys are corresponding to the predicted results by the established precipitation kinetic equations. Additionally, a double-hump phenomenon of hardness appears in the artificial aging of pre-aged alloy with 3.0 wt% Zn addition, which resulted from the formation of pre-β″ and β″ precipitates. Finally, the precipitation mechanism of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with different Zn contents was proposed based on the microstructure evolution and interaction forces between Mg, Si and Zn atoms.

Structure and optical properties of cored wurtzite (Zn,Mg)O heteroepitaxial nanowires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heo, Y.W.; Abernathy, C.; Pruessner, K.; Sigmund, W.; Norton, D.P.; Overberg, M.; Ren, F.; Chisholm, M.F.

2004-01-01

The synthesis, structure, and optical properties of one-dimensional heteroepitaxial cored (Zn,Mg)O semiconductor nanowires grown by a catalyst-driven molecular beam epitaxy technique are discussed. The structures form spontaneously in a Zn, Mg and O 2 /O 3 flux, consisting of a single crystal, Zn-rich Zn 1-x Mg x O(x 1-y Mg y O(y>>0.02) sheath. High resolution Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy shows core diameters as small as 4 nm. The cored structure forms spontaneously under constant flux due to a bimodal growth mechanism in which the core forms via bulk like vapor-liquid-solid growth, while the outer sheath grows as a heteroepitaxial layer. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence shows a slight blueshift in the near band edge peak, which is attributed to a few percent Mg doping in the nanoscale ZnO core. The catalyst-driven molecular beam epitaxy technique provides for site-specific nanorod growth on arbitrary substrates

Low Temperature Mechanical Properties of Scandium-Modified Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Senkov, O

2002-01-01

Tensile properties of three wrought alloys, (1) Al-10Zn-3Mg-1.2Cu-0.15Zr, (2) Al-10Zn-3Mg-1.2Cu-0.15Zr-0.39Mn-0.49Sc, and (3) Al-12Zn-3Mg-1.2Cu-0.15Zr-0.39Mn-0.49Sc were studied in T6 and T7 conditions at 298K and 77K...

Strongly localized modes in one-dimensional defect-free magnonic quasicrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, C. H.; Qiu, R. Z.; Chang, C. H.; Hsueh, W. J.

2014-01-01

Signal storage in magnonic quasicrystals using a slow spin-wave mode, rather than the quasinormal mode of traditional periodic magnonic crystals, is proposed, which is analogous to the slow light mode in the field of optics. Compared to traditional materials, richer and more wavelength-selective sharp resonances are achieved using the quasicrystals with a fewer number of layers, because of the peculiar fractal transmission spectra of quasicrystals. The number of sharp resonance and the quality factor for the sharp resonances in the transmission spectra also increases as the generation order of the magnonic quasicrystal increases. This generic nature allows the storage of signals using spin wave, for a wide range of quasiperiodic systems

Investigation of the mechanism responsible for the photoluminescence enhancement with Li+ co-doping in highly thermally stable white-emitting Sr8ZnSc(PO4)7:Dy3+ phosphor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gou, Jing; Fan, Jingyan; Luo, Meng; Zuo, Shengnan

2017-01-01

The strategy of co-doping Li + was used with the aim of enhancing the emission intensities of Sr 8 ZnSc(PO 4 ) 7 under near ultraviolet excitation. The luminescence enhancement was related to the deep defects V O ¨ which were produced by the introduction of Li + ion. Furthermore, much deep V O ¨ were produced with the incorporation amount of Li + ion increasing. As the sensitizer, the produced deep V O ¨ can effectively tunnelling transfer energy to the nearby activator Dy 3+ resulting in the photoluminescence enhancement in SZSPO:1.5%Dy 3+ ,5%Li + . In addition, its yellow/blue emitting ratio and photoluminescent quantum yields both were improved under longer wavelength excitation. Furthermore, the excellent thermal stability of optimal SZSPO:1.5%Dy 3+ ,5%Li + excelled over commercial phosphor DS-200 below 225 °C. The electroluminescence properties of fabricated ABPD-WLED reach the optimum with V=10 V and I=800 mA (λ ex =365 nm) or 700 mA (λ ex =388 nm), then the bright white luminescence can be obviously observed. These photoluminescence, electroluminescence and thermal properties testified the potential application of Sr 8 ZnSc(PO 4 ) 7 :1.5%Dy 3+ ,5%Li + as a new-style warm-white emitting LEDs phosphor. - Graphical abstract: The mechanism of the luminescence enhancement is consider as that a little amount introduction of Li + ion can produce defects Li Zn ′ and oxygen vacancies V O ¨, and with the incorporation amount of Li + increasing, the more deep V O ¨ are produced. As sensitizer, the productive deeper V O ¨ can effectively tunneling transfer energy to nearby activator Dy 3+ inducing its photoluminescence enhancement.

Soldering of Mg Joints Using Zn-Al Solders

Science.gov (United States)

Gancarz, Tomasz; Berent, Katarzyna; Skuza, Wojciech; Janik, Katarzyna

2018-04-01

Magnesium has applications in the automotive and aerospace industries that can significantly contribute to greater fuel economy and environmental conservation. The Mg alloys used in the automotive industry could reduce mass by up to 70 pct, providing energy savings. However, alongside the advantages there are limitations and technological barriers to use Mg alloys. One of the advantages concerns phenomena occurring at the interface when joining materials investigated in this study, in regard to the effect of temperature and soldering time for pure Mg joints. Eutectic Zn-Al and Zn-Al alloys with 0.05 (wt pct) Li and 0.2 (wt pct) Na were used in the soldering process. The process was performed for 3, 5, and 8 minutes of contact, at temperatures of 425 °C, 450 °C, 475 °C, and 500 °C. Selected, solidified solder-substrate couples were cross-sectioned, and their interfacial microstructures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The experiment was designed to demonstrate the effect of time, temperature, and the addition of Li and Na on the kinetics of the dissolving Mg substrate. The addition of Li and Na to eutectic Zn-Al caused to improve mechanical properties. Higher temperatures led to reduced joint strength, which is caused by increased interfacial reaction.

Converting hcp Mg-Al-Zn alloy into bcc Mg-Li-Al-Zn alloy by electrolytic deposition and diffusion of reduced lithium atoms in a molten salt electrolyte LiCl-KCl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, M.C.; Tsai, C.Y.; Uan, J.Y.

2007-01-01

A body-centered cubic (bcc) Mg-12Li-9Al-1Zn (wt.%) alloy was fabricated in air by electrolysis from LiCl-KCl molten salt at 500 deg. C. Electrolytic deposition of Li atoms on cathode (Mg-Al-Zn alloy) and diffusion of the Li atoms formed the bcc Mg-Li-Al-Zn alloy with 12 wt.% Li and only 0.264 wt.% K. Low K concentration in the bcc Mg alloy strip after the electrolysis process resulted from 47% atomic size misfit between K and Mg atoms and low solubility of K in Mg matrix

Casting defects and mechanical properties of high pressure die cast Mg-Zn-Al-RE alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xiao, Wenlong; Easton, Mark A.; Zhu, Suming; Nie, Jianfeng [CAST Cooperative Research Centre, Department of Materials Engineering Monash University, Melbourne, VIC (Australia); Dargusch, Matthew S. [School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD (Australia); Gibson, Mark A. [CSIRO Process Science and Engineering, Melbourne, VIC (Australia); Jia, Shusheng [Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University, Changchun (China)

2012-02-15

The die casting defects and tensile properties of high pressure die cast (HPDC) Mg-Zn-Al-RE alloys with various combinations of Zn and Al were studied. The results show that die casting defects in Mg-Zn-Al-RE alloys are affected by the percentage of Zn and Al contents. The hot tearing susceptibility (HTS) of Mg-Zn-Al-RE alloys tends to increase with increasing Zn content up to 6 wt%, while a further increase of Al and/or Zn content reduces the HTS. In tensile tests, the yield strength (YS) is generally improved by increasing Zn or Al content, whereas the tensile strength (TS) and ductility appear to depend largely on the presence of casting defects. Compared with Mg-Zn-Al alloys, the mechanical properties of the Mg-Zn-Al-RE alloy are significantly improved. The Mg-4Zn-4Al-4RE alloy is found to have few casting defects and the optimal tensile properties. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Structural and mechanical properties of ZnMgO nanoparticles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tosun, M. [Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 34437, Gumussuyu, Istanbul (Turkey); Ataoglu, S. [Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul (Turkey); Istanbul Technical University, Earthquake Engineering and Disaster Management Institute, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul (Turkey); Arda, L., E-mail: lutfi.arda@bahcesehir.edu.tr [Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Ciragan Cad, Osmanpasa Mektebi Sok, 34349, Besiktas, Istanbul (Turkey); Ozturk, O.; Asikuzun, E. [Kastamonu University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, 37100, Kastamonu (Turkey); Akcan, D. [Bahcesehir University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Ciragan Cad, Osmanpasa Mektebi Sok, 34349, Besiktas, Istanbul (Turkey); Cakiroglu, O. [Hasan Ali Yucel Education Faculty, Istanbul University, 34452, Beyazit, Istanbul (Turkey)

2014-01-10

This study reports the effect of annealing temperature on the structure and mechanical properties of Zn{sub 0.95}Mg{sub 0.05}O bulk samples by using digital Vickers microhardness tester, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersive X-ray measurements. The samples were prepared using Zn and Mg based alkoxed by the sol–gel technique and annealed at various temperatures (500, 600, 700 and 800 °C). Vickers microhardness, elastic modulus, yield strength and fracture toughness values of Zn{sub 0.95}Mg{sub 0.05}O bulk samples were separately calculated and compared with each other. The experimental results of hardness measurements were analyzed using Meyer's law, Proportional Specimen Resistance (PSR) and Elastic/Plastic Deformation (EPD) models and Hays–Kendall (HK) approach. Finally, it was seen that HK approach is the most successful model for the microhardness analysis of these materials.

Photonic quasi-crystal terahertz lasers

Science.gov (United States)

Vitiello, Miriam Serena; Nobile, Michele; Ronzani, Alberto; Tredicucci, Alessandro; Castellano, Fabrizio; Talora, Valerio; Li, Lianhe; Linfield, Edmund H.; Davies, A. Giles

2014-12-01

Quasi-crystal structures do not present a full spatial periodicity but are nevertheless constructed starting from deterministic generation rules. When made of different dielectric materials, they often possess fascinating optical properties, which lie between those of periodic photonic crystals and those of a random arrangement of scatterers. Indeed, they can support extended band-like states with pseudogaps in the energy spectrum, but lacking translational invariance, they also intrinsically feature a pattern of ‘defects’, which can give rise to critically localized modes confined in space, similar to Anderson modes in random structures. If used as laser resonators, photonic quasi-crystals open up design possibilities that are simply not possible in a conventional periodic photonic crystal. In this letter, we exploit the concept of a 2D photonic quasi crystal in an electrically injected laser; specifically, we pattern the top surface of a terahertz quantum-cascade laser with a Penrose tiling of pentagonal rotational symmetry, reaching 0.1-0.2% wall-plug efficiencies and 65 mW peak output powers with characteristic surface-emitting conical beam profiles, result of the rich quasi-crystal Fourier spectrum.

Harmonic excitations in quasicrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luck, J.M.

1986-03-01

The harmonic excitations (phonons) of quasicrystals are studied in a simple one-dimensional model. The spectrum is a Cantor set, which exhibits selfsimilarity properties. The eigenstates are generically ''critical'', i.e. neither extended nor localized

In vitro degradation and electrochemical corrosion evaluations of microarc oxidized pure Mg, Mg-Ca and Mg-Ca-Zn alloys for biomedical applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Yaokun; He, Siyu; Wang, Diangang; Huang, Danlan; Zheng, Tingting; Wang, Siqi; Dong, Pan; Chen, Chuanzhong

2015-02-01

Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic coatings were fabricated on pure magnesium (Mg) and self-designed Mg-0.6Ca, Mg-0.55Ca-1.74Zn alloys by microarc oxidation (MAO). The coating formation, growth and biomineralization mechanisms were discussed. The coating degradability and bioactivity were evaluated by immersion tests in trishydroxymethyl-aminomethane hydrochloric acid (Tris-HCl) buffer and simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions, respectively. The coatings and corrosion products were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The electrochemical workstation was used to investigate the electrochemical corrosion behaviors of substrates and coatings. Results showed that Mg-0.55Ca-1.74Zn alloy exhibits the highest mechanical strength and electrochemical corrosion resistance among the three alloys. The MAO-coated Mg-0.55Ca-1.74Zn alloy has the potential to be served as a biodegradable implant. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Microstructure and in vitro degradation performance of Mg-Zn-Mn alloys for biomedical application.

Science.gov (United States)

Rosalbino, F; De Negri, S; Scavino, G; Saccone, A

2013-03-01

Manganese and zinc were selected as alloying elements to develop a Mg-based ternary alloy for biomedical applications, taking into account the good biocompatibility of these metals. The microstructures of Mg-Zn-Mn alloys containing 0.5 or 1.0 mass% of manganese and 1.0 or 1.5 mass% of zinc were investigated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Their corrosion properties were assessed by means of potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements performed in Ringer's physiological solution that simulates bodily fluids. All tested samples are two-phase alloys formed by a Mg-based matrix, consisting of a Mg-Zn-Mn solid solution, and a Mg-Zn binary phase. The electrochemical results show an improvement of the corrosion behavior of the investigated alloys with increasing Zn and Mn content. This is attributed to the formation of a partially protective Mg(OH)(2) surface film whose protective capabilities are increased by the alloying elements. The reduced influence of the Mg-Zn intermetallic compound on the corrosion rate of Mg-Zn-Mn alloys in the presence of a partially protective surface layer can be ascribed to an increasing resistance between the Mg-Zn-Mn solid solution and the second phase, thereby decreasing the effective driving force for microgalvanic corrosion. Owing to its highest corrosion protective ability, the Mg-1.5Zn-1Mn alloy is a promising candidate for the development of degradable implants, such as screws, plates, and rods. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hardness and microstructure of Al-10.0 wt% Zn-4.0 wt% Mg alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iqbal, M.; Shaikh, M.A.; Ahmad, W.; Ali, K.L.

1996-01-01

Al-Zn-Mg alloys are widely used in industries as these have excellent physical and mechanical properties. However some aspects of the effect of heat treatment on these alloys are not yet clear. In order to understand the precipitation phenomena in these alloys, microstructure of a locally prepared alloy Al-10.0 wt% Zn-4.0 wt% Mg heat treated under different conditions has been examined in scanning electron microscope/electron probe micro analyser. Precipitates MgZn/sub 2/, MgZn/sub 4/ and Mg/sub 2/Zn/sub 11/ have been observed and these are caused by heat treatment. Correlation between these precipitates and Vickers's hardness has also been studied. In the present paper results of this investigation have been presented and discussed. (author)

Structural and magnetic properties of Mg-Zn ferrites (Mg1−xZnxFe2O4) prepared by sol-gel method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reyes-Rodríguez, Pamela Yajaira; Cortés-Hernández, Dora Alicia; Escobedo-Bocardo, José Concepción; Almanza-Robles, José Manuel; Sánchez-Fuentes, Héctor Javier; Jasso-Terán, Argentina; De León-Prado, Laura Elena; Méndez-Nonell, Juan; Hurtado-López, Gilberto Francisco

2017-01-01

In this study, the Mg 1−x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles (x=0–0.9) were prepared by sol-gel method. These ferrites exhibit an inverse spinel structure and the lattice parameter increases as the substitution of Zn 2+ ions is increased. At lower Zn content (0.1≤x≤0.5), saturation magnetization (Ms) increases, while it decreases at higher Zn content (x≥6). The remnant magnetization (0.17–2.0 emu/g) and coercive field (6.0–60 Oe) indicate a ferrimagnetic behavior. The average core diameter of selected ferrites is around 15 nm and the nanoparticles morphology is quasi spherical. The heating ability of some Mg 0.9 Zn 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 and Mg 0.7 Zn 0.3 Fe 2 O 4 aqueous suspensions indicates that the magnetic nanoparticles can increase the medium temperature up to 42 °C in a time less than 10 min - Highlights: • Magnetic nanoparticles of Mg 1−x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 were synthesized by sol-gel method. • Nanoparticles showing a single spinel crystalline structure were obtained. • Aqueous suspensions of Mg 0.7 Zn 0.3 Fe 2 O 4 and Mg 0.9 Zn 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 show heating ability.

Fabrication and mechanical properties of quasicrystal-reinforced Al-Mn-Mm alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jun, Joong-Hwan; Kim, Jeong-Min; Kim, Ki-Tae; Jung, Woon-Jae

2007-01-01

Microstructures and room temperature mechanical properties of quasicrystal-reinforced Al 94-x Mn 6 Mm x (Mm: misch metal, x = 0-6 at.%) alloys have been studied systematically. Cylindrical rod samples with 3 mm in diameter were synthesized by injection-casting into a Cu mould and analyzed by means of X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Mechanical properties of the cylindrical rods were measured at room temperature by compression tests. The Al 94 Mn 6 alloy contains hexagonal-shape particles and long needle-shape Al 6 Mn precipitates surrounded by α-Al matrix. An addition of Mm into the Al 94 Mn 6 alloy generates icosahedral quasicrystalline phase (IQC) with an extinction of hexagonal and Al 6 Mn phases, and the fraction of IQC increases continuously with an increase in Mm content. Compressive yield strength (σ cys ) and ultimate compressive strength (σ ucs ) of the Al-Mn-Mm alloys are improved with Mm content up to 4%, whereas elongation is steeply deteriorated by the Mm addition. The Al 90 Mn 6 Mm 4 alloy exhibits the highest 570 and 783 MPa of σ cys and σ ucs , respectively, both of which are comparable to those of Al 90 Mn 6 Ce 4 alloy

Investigation on microstructure characterization and property of rapidly solidified Mg-Zn-Ca-Ce-La alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou Tao, E-mail: tzhou1118@163.com [College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 (China); Chen Zhenhua, E-mail: chenzhenhua45@hotmail.com [College of Material Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082 (China); Yang Mingbo, E-mail: yangmingbo@cqit.edu.cn [College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 (China); Hu Jianjun, E-mail: hujj@qq.com [College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 (China); Xia Hua, E-mail: xiahua@cqut.edu.cn [College of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054 (China)

2012-01-15

Rapidly solidified (RS) Mg-Zn-Ca-Ce-La (wt.%) alloys have been produced via atomizing the alloy melt and subsequent splat-quenching on the water-cooled copper twin-rollers in the form of flakes. Microstructure characterization, phase compositions and thermal stability of the alloys have been systematically investigated. The results showed that with addition of RE (Ce and La) to the Mg-6Zn-5Ca alloy, the stable intermetallic compounds i.e. the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub y}RE{sub z} phase with a few Ca (about 3 at.%), shortened as the T Prime phase, were formed at the expense of the binary Mg-Zn and Ca{sub 2}Mg{sub 6}Zn{sub 3} phases, which was possibly beneficial to the enhanced thermal stability of the alloy. In the Mg-6Zn-5Ca-3Ce-0.5La alloy, the composition of the T Prime phase in the grain interior was different from that at the grain boundaries, in which the segregation of the La elements was found, and the atomic percentage ratio of Zn to Ce in the T Prime phase within the grains was close to 2. Moreover, the stable Mg{sub 2}Ca phases were detected around the T Prime phases at the grain boundaries in the alloy. - Research Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The phase constitution of RS Mg-6Zn-5Ca alloy can be improved by RE additions. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer In the Mg-Zn-Ca-Ce-La alloys, the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub y}RE{sub z} phase with a few Ca (T Prime phase) is formed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The formation of the T Prime phase leads to the loss of the Mg-Zn and Ca{sub 2}Mg{sub 6}Zn{sub 3} phases. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The composition of the T Prime phase differs from the grain interior to the grain boundary.

Investigation of thermoluminescence and kinetic parameters of CaMgB{sub 2}O{sub 5}: Dy{sup 3+} nanophosphor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manhas, M. [School of Physics, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra-182320 J& K (India); Kumar, Vinay, E-mail: vinaykumar@smvdu.ac.in [School of Physics, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra-182320 J& K (India); Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA9300 (South Africa); Ntwaeaborwa, O. M.; Swart, H. C. [Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein ZA9300 (South Africa)

2016-05-06

In this paper, thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Dy{sup 3+} (1.5 mol %) doped CaMgB{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanophosphor after being exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiations (λ=254nm) were investigated. In UV exposed samples, the thermoluminescence glow curve consists of a broad glow peak located at 380 K with a small shoulder at 507 K. A shift in glow peak temperature from 367 K to 380 K after the UV exposure for 80 min was observed, which clearly shows that glow peaks follow the second order kinetics. The TL intensity of the peaks increases with an increase in the exposure time of UV rays (10-180 min). The TL Anal program was used to analyze the glow curve. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy (E), the frequency factor (s) and the order of kinetics (b) were calculated for CaMgB{sub 2}O{sub 5}: Dy{sup 3+} nanophosphors.

Influences of Gd on the microstructure and strength of Mg-4.5Zn alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Jie; Xiao Wenlong; Wang Lidong; Wu Yaoming; Wang Limin; Zhang Hongjie

2008-01-01

Microstructure and mechanical properties of peak-aged Mg-4.5Zn-xGd (x 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%) alloys have been investigated. The results showed that the grain size of the alloys was refined gradually with increasing Gd. Mg 5 Gd and Mg 3 Gd 2 Zn 3 phases were found in the Gd-containing alloys. The strengths were greatly improved with Gd additions, and the highest strength level was obtained in the Mg-4.5Zn-1.5Gd alloy, in which the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were 231 MPa and 113 MPa, respectively. Through comparing with the Mg-4.5Zn alloy, the increments of ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were 22 MPa and 56 MPa, respectively. The improved strength was mainly correlated to the grain refining effect, the strengthening effect of the Mg 5 Gd and Mg 3 Gd 2 Zn 3 phases and also the hardening effect of the solutioned Gd atoms

Structural, electrical and dielectric properties of nanocrystalline Mg-Zn ferrites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anis-ur-Rehman, M.; Malik, M.A.; Nasir, S.; Mubeen, M.; Khan, K.; Maqsood, A.

2011-01-01

The nanocrystalline Mg-Zn ferrites having general formula Mg/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Fe/sub 2/O/sub 4/ (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0. 5) were prepared by WOWS sol-gel route. All prepared samples were sintered at 700 deg. C for 2 h. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique was used to investigate structural properties of the samples. The crystal structure was found to be spinel. The crystallite size, lattice parameters and porosity of samples were calculated by XRD data analysis as function of zinc concentration. The crystallite size for each sample was calculated using the Scherrer formula considering the most intense (3 1 1) peak and the range obtained was 34-68 nm. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent and AC electrical conductivity of nanocrystalline Mg-Zn ferrites are investigated as a function of frequency. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent increased with increase of Zn concentration. All the electrical properties are explained in accordance with Maxwell Wagner model and K/sub oops/ phenomenological theory. (author)

Tamm-plasmon polaritons in one-dimensional photonic quasi-crystals.

Science.gov (United States)

Shukla, Mukesh Kumar; Das, Ritwick

2018-02-01

We present an investigation to ascertain the existence of Tamm-plasmon-polariton-like modes in one-dimensional (1D) quasi-periodic photonic systems. Photonic bandgap formation in quasi-crystals is essentially a consequence of long-range periodicity exhibited by multilayers and, thus, it can be explained using the dispersion relation in the Brillouin zone. Defining a "Zak"-like topological phase in 1D quasi-crystals, we propose a recipe to ascertain the existence of Tamm-like photonic surface modes in a metal-terminated quasi-crystal lattice. Additionally, we also explore the conditions of efficient excitation of such surface modes along with their dispersion characteristics.

Understanding corrosion behavior of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys from subcutaneous mouse model: effect of Zn element concentration and plasma electrolytic oxidation.

Science.gov (United States)

Jang, Yongseok; Tan, Zongqing; Jurey, Chris; Xu, Zhigang; Dong, Zhongyun; Collins, Boyce; Yun, Yeoheung; Sankar, Jagannathan

2015-03-01

Mg-Zn-Ca alloys are considered as suitable biodegradable metallic implants because of their biocompatibility and proper physical properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of Zn concentration of Mg-xZn-0.3Ca (x=1, 3 and 5wt.%) alloys and surface modification by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on corrosion behavior in in vivo environment in terms of microstructure, corrosion rate, types of corrosion, and corrosion product formation. Microstructure analysis of alloys and morphological characterization of corrosion products were conducted using x-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Elemental composition and crystal structure of corrosion products were determined using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results show that 1) as-cast Mg-xZn-0.3Ca alloys are composed of Mg matrix and a secondary phase of Ca2Mg6Zn3 formed along grain boundaries, 2) the corrosion rate of Mg-xZn-0.3Ca alloys increases with increasing concentration of Zn in the alloy, 3) corrosion rates of alloys treated by PEO sample are decreased in in vivo environment, and 4) the corrosion products of these alloys after in vivo tests are identified as brucite (Mg(OH)2), hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), and magnesite (MgCO3·3H2O). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Photonic crystals, amorphous materials, and quasicrystals.

Science.gov (United States)

Edagawa, Keiichi

2014-06-01

Photonic crystals consist of artificial periodic structures of dielectrics, which have attracted much attention because of their wide range of potential applications in the field of optics. We may also fabricate artificial amorphous or quasicrystalline structures of dielectrics, i.e. photonic amorphous materials or photonic quasicrystals. So far, both theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted to reveal the characteristic features of their optical properties, as compared with those of conventional photonic crystals. In this article, we review these studies and discuss various aspects of photonic amorphous materials and photonic quasicrystals, including photonic band gap formation, light propagation properties, and characteristic photonic states.

Generalized dynamics of soft-matter quasicrystals mathematical models and solutions

CERN Document Server

Fan, Tian-You

2017-01-01

The book systematically introduces the mathematical models and solutions of generalized hydrodynamics of soft-matter quasicrystals (SMQ). It provides methods for solving the initial-boundary value problems in these systems. The solutions obtained demonstrate the distribution, deformation and motion of the soft-matter quasicrystals, and determine the stress, velocity and displacement fields. The interactions between phonons, phasons and fluid phonons are discussed in some fundamental materials samples. Mathematical solutions for solid and soft-matter quasicrystals are compared, to help readers to better understand the featured properties of SMQ.

Structural properties and spatial ordering in multilayered ZnMgTe/ZnSe type-II quantum dot structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manna, U.; Noyan, I. C.; Neumark, G. F.; Zhang, Q.; Moug, R.; Salakhutdinov, I. F.; Dunn, K. A.; Novak, S. W.; Tamargo, M. C.; Kuskovsky, I. L.

2012-01-01

We report the structural properties and spatial ordering of multilayer ZnMgTe quantum dots (QDs) embedded in ZnSe, where sub-monolayer quantities of Mg were introduced periodically during growth in order to reduce the valence band offset of ZnTe QDs. The periodicity, period dispersion, individual layer thickness, and the composition of the multilayer structures were determined by comparing the experimental high resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD) spectra to simulated ones for the allowed (004) and quasi-forbidden (002) reflections in combination with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) profiles confirmed the incorporation of Mg inside the QD layers, and the HRXRD analysis revealed that there is approximately 32% Mg in the ZnMgTe QDs. The presence of Mg contributes to higher scattering intensity of the HRXRD, leading to the observation of higher order superlattice peaks in both the (004) and (002) reflections. The distribution of scattered intensity in the reciprocal space map (RSM) shows that the diffuse scattered intensity is elongated along the q x axis, indicating a vertical correlation of the dots, which is found to be less defined for the sample with larger periodicity. The diffuse scattered intensity is also found to be weakly correlated along the q z direction indicating a weak lateral correlation of the dots.

Energy dependence of thermoluminescent response of CaSO{sub 4}:Dy, LiF:Mg and micro LiF:Mg,Ti in clinical beams of electrons by using different simulator objects; Dependencia energetica da resposta TL de dosimetros de CaSO{sub 4}:Dy, LiF:Mg e microLiF:Mg,Ti em feixes clinicos de eletrons utilizando diferentes objetos simuladores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bravim, Amanda; Campos, Leticia Lucente, E-mail: abravin@ipen.b, E-mail: rsakuraba@einstein.b, E-mail: lcrodri@ipen.b [Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Sakuraba, Roberto K.; Cruz, Jose Carlos da, E-mail: rsakuraba@einstein.b, E-mail: josecarlosc@einstein.b [Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2011-10-26

Yet not so widely applied in radiotherapy, the calcium sulfate doped with dysprosium (CaSO{sub 4}:Dy) is used in radioprotection and studies has been demonstrated its great potential for the dosimetry in radiotherapy. This work evaluates the energy dependence of the thermoluminescent answer of the CaSO{sub 4}:D, LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) and micro LiF:Mg,Ti in clinical beams of electrons by using water simulators, PMMA and solid water

Structural and optical analysis of ZnBeMgO powder and thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Panwar, Neeraj; Liriano, J.; Katiyar, Ram S.

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → Structural and optical studies of Zn 1-x-y Be x Mg y O (0 ≤ x ≤0.10; 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.20) powders and thin films. → Raman studies of the pure ZnO powder showed all the characteristic peaks of the wurtzite hexagonal structure and with (Be, Mg) co-doping new modes appeared which can be attributed to arise as a result of doping effect. → The XRD of the films prepared from the powders using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique exhibited the preferential orientation and with doping the (0 0 0 2) peak also shifts to higher 2θ values suggesting the incorporation of Be/Mg at the Zn-site. → From the UV-visible optical band gap measurement it was noticed that the band gap of the pristine ZnO film is 3.3 eV which enhanced up to 4.51 eV for Zn 0.7 Be 0.1 Mg 0.2 O film which lies in the solar blind region and is very useful for the deep UV detection. - Abstract: We here report the structural and optical studies of Zn 1-x-y Be x Mg y O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15; 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.20) powders and thin films. From the Rietveld refinement of the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns it was revealed that the value of 'a' lattice parameter remains almost unchanged whereas 'c' parameter reduces with Be and Mg co-doping in ZnO. The Zn-O bond length also decreases in co-doped samples. Raman studies of the pure ZnO powder showed all the characteristic peaks of the wurtzite hexagonal structure and with (Be, Mg) co-doping new modes appeared which can be attributed to arise as a result of substitution. The XRD of the films prepared from the powders using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique exhibited the preferential orientation and with increase in co-doping the (0 0 0 2) peak also shifts to higher 2θ values suggesting the incorporation of Be/Mg at the Zn-site. From the UV-visible optical transmittance measurement it was noticed that the band gap of the pristine ZnO film is 3.3 eV which enhanced up to 4.51 eV for Zn 0.7 Be 0.1 Mg 0.2 O film which lies in the

Green's functions of one-dimensional quasicrystal bi-material with piezoelectric effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Liangliang [College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083 (China); Sinomatech Wind Power Blade Co., Ltd, Beijing 100092 (China); Wu, Di [College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083 (China); Xu, Wenshuai [College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083 (China); Yang, Lianzhi [Civil and Environmental Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083 (China); Ricoeur, Andreas; Wang, Zhibin [Institute of Mechanics, University of Kassel, 34125 Kassel (Germany); Gao, Yang, E-mail: gaoyangg@gmail.com [College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083 (China)

2016-09-16

Based on the Stroh formalism of one-dimensional quasicrystals with piezoelectric effect, the problems of an infinite plane composed of two different quasicrystal half-planes are taken into account. The solutions of the internal and interfacial Green's functions of quasicrystal bi-material are obtained. Moreover, numerical examples are analyzed for a quasicrystal bi-material subjected to line forces or line dislocations, showing the contour maps of the coupled fields. The impacts of changing material constants on the coupled field components are investigated. - Highlights: • Green's functions of 1D piezoelectric quasicrystal bi-material are studied. • The coupled fields subjected to line forces or line dislocations are obtained. • Mechanical behavior under the effect of different material constants is researched.

Microstructure and heat resistance of Mg-Al-Zn alloys containing metastable phase

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jeong-Min; Park, Bong-Koo; Jun, Joong-Hwan; Shin, Keesam; Kim, Ki-Tae; Jung, Woon-Jae

2007-01-01

In this research microstructural studies have been made on cast specimens of AZ91 base alloys containing various amounts of Zn. As the amount of Zn addition increased up to 2%, any new Zn-containing phase did not appear while the Zn content in Mg 17 Al 12 phase continuously increased. A quasi-crystalline phase started to form at Mg 17 Al 12 phase when the added Zn content was about 3 wt.%. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloys at 175 deg. C were observed to increase significantly with increasing Zn content. The quasi-crystalline phase was found to be stable up to 300 deg. C, based on scanning electron microscopy examinations of the specimens heated at different temperatures for 24 h

Ultrafast dynamics in ZnO/ZnMgO multiple quantum wells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wen, X M; Davis, J A; McDonald, D; Dao, L V; Hannaford, P; Coleman, V A; Tan, H H; Jagadish, C; Koike, K; Sasa, S; Inoue, M; Yano, M

2007-01-01

We have investigated carrier relaxation and exciton recombination dynamics in ZnO/ZnMgO multiple quantum wells using femtosecond pump-probe techniques at room temperature. For a probe energy above the band gap, the hot carriers exhibit an effective relaxation by longitudinal optical phonon scattering with a cooling time of 700-850 fs. By detecting the emission near the band-gap, a longer decay time of a few picoseconds was observed which is attributed to acoustic phonon scattering. As the probe energy is decreased further, the decay time continues to increase due to the transitions of exciton recombination or localized carrier recombination

Microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion resistances of extruded Mg-Zn-Ca-xCe/La alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Tong, L B; Zhang, Q X; Jiang, Z H; Zhang, J B; Meng, J; Cheng, L R; Zhang, H J

2016-09-01

Magnesium alloys are considered as good candidates for biomedical applications, the influence of Ce/La microalloying on the microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion performance of extruded Mg-5.3Zn-0.6Ca (wt%) alloy has been investigated in the current study. After Ce/La addition, the conventional Ca2Mg6Zn3 phases are gradually replaced by new Mg-Zn-Ce/La-(Ca) phases (T1'), which can effectively divide the Ca2Mg6Zn3 phase. The Ca2Mg6Zn3/T1' structure in Mg-Zn-Ca-0.5Ce/La alloy is favorably broken into small particles during the extrusion, resulting in an obvious refinement of secondary phase. The dynamic recrystallized grain size is dramatically decreased after 0.5Ce/La addition, and the tensile yield strength is improved, while further addition reverses the effect, due to the grain coarsening. However, the corrosion resistance of extruded Mg-Zn-Ca alloy deteriorates after Ce/La addition, because the diameter of secondary phase particle is remarkably decreased, which increases the amount of cathodic sites and accelerates the galvanic corrosion process. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Improving the SMM and luminescence properties of lanthanide complexes with LnO9 cores in the presence of ZnII: an emissive Zn2Dy single ion magnet.

Science.gov (United States)

Fondo, Matilde; Corredoira-Vázquez, Julio; Herrera-Lanzós, Antía; García-Deibe, Ana M; Sanmartín-Matalobos, Jesús; Herrera, Juan Manuel; Colacio, Enrique; Nuñez, Cristina

2017-12-12

Mononuclear complexes of stoichiometry [Ln(H 3 L)(H 2 O)(NO 3 )](NO 3 ) 2 (Ln = Tb, 1; Dy, 2, Er, 3), which crystallise with different solvates, and the heterotrinuclear compound [Zn 2 Dy(L)(NO 3 ) 3 (OH)] (4) can be obtained with the same H 3 L compartmental ligand. The single X-ray crystal structure of the mononuclear complexes shows a LnO 9 core with a muffin-like disposition while the geometry of the DyO 9 core in 4 seems to be closer to spherical capped square antiprism. The analysis of the magnetic properties of all the complexes demonstrates that the mononuclear lanthanide compounds do not show slow relaxation of the magnetization, even when the samples are diluted with a diamagnetic matrix and subjected to a dc applied field of 1000 Oe. Nevertheless, the heterotrinuclear dysprosium complex 4·3H 2 O is a field-induced single ion magnet, with an estimated U eff barrier of 59 K. The luminescence characterisation of all the metal complexes in methanol solution at 298 K also shows a notable increase in the fluorescence emission of the heterotrinuclear complex with respect to the mononuclear ones, in such a way that 4 can be defined as a fluorescent single ion magnet.

Simulation of the diffraction pattern of one dimensional quasicrystal ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The effects of the variation of atomic spacing ratio of a one dimensional quasicrystal material are investigated. The work involves the use of the solid state simulation code, Laue written by Silsbee and Drager. We are able to observe the general features of the diffraction pattern by a quasicrystal. In addition, it has been found ...

Thermodynamic analysis and experimental study on the oxidation of the Zn-Al-Mg coating baths

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Su, Xuping, E-mail: sxping@cczu.edu.cn [Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials Surface Science and Technology, Changzhou University, 213164 Jiangsu (China); Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, 213164 Jiangsu (China); Zhou, Jie; Wang, Jianhua; Wu, Changjun; Liu, Ya; Tu, Hao; Peng, Haoping [Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Materials Surface Science and Technology, Changzhou University, 213164 Jiangsu (China)

2017-02-28

Highlights: • The surface oxidation products of the Zn-Al-Mg melt were analyzed with XPS. • Certain Al must be added in bath containing Mg to get stable galvanizing melts. • The oxidation products vary with the bath composition. • Oxidation can be predicted in galvanizing by using the calculated phase diagrams. • The thermodynamic analysis can be used to design the practical bath melts. - Abstract: Surface oxidation of molten Zn-6Al baths containing 0.0, 3.0 and 6.0 wt. % Mg were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. γ-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} is formed on the surface of the Zn-6Al bath, while MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} and MgO occur at 460 °C in the Zn-6Al-3Mg and Zn-6Al-6Mg baths, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis on the oxidation of the Zn-Al-Mg baths was performed. Calculated phase diagrams at 460 °C and 560 °C show good agreements with the experimental results. MgO or MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} exists in almost the entire composition range of the calculated oxidation diagrams. According to the calculation, oxidation products depend on the composition and temperature of the baths. The primary and secondary oxidation products of the Zn-Al-Mg baths can be reasonably explained by oxidation phase diagrams. Utilizing these results, the favorable practical bath melts and operating conditions can be designed.

Novel ZnO/MgO/Fe2O3 composite optomagnetic nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kamińska, I; Sikora, B; Fronc, K; Dziawa, P; Sobczak, K; Minikayev, R; Paszkowicz, W; Elbaum, D

2013-01-01

A facile sol–gel synthesis of novel ZnO/MgO/Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles (NPs) is reported and their performance is compared to that of ZnO/MgO. Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal the crystal structure of the prepared samples. The average particle size of the sample was found to be 4.8 nm. The optical properties were determined by UV–vis absorption and fluorescence measurements. The NPs are stable in biologically relevant solutions (phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 20 mM, pH = 7.0) contrary to ZnO/MgO NPs which degrade in the presence of inorganic phosphate. Superparamagnetic properties were determined with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Biocompatible and stable in PBS ZnO/MgO/Fe 2 O 3 core/shell composite nanocrystals show luminescent and magnetic properties confined to a single NP at room temperature (19–24 ° C), which may render the material to be potentially useful for biomedical applications. (paper)

First-Principles Investigation of Phase Stability, Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of MgZnO Monolayer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Changlong Tan

2016-10-01

Full Text Available MgZnO bulk has attracted much attention as candidates for application in optoelectronic devices in the blue and ultraviolet region. However, there has been no reported study regarding two-dimensional MgZnO monolayer in spite of its unique properties due to quantum confinement effect. Here, using density functional theory calculations, we investigated the phase stability, electronic structure and optical properties of MgxZn1−xO monolayer with Mg concentration x range from 0 to 1. Our calculations show that MgZnO monolayer remains the graphene-like structure with various Mg concentrations. The phase segregation occurring in bulk systems has not been observed in the monolayer due to size effect, which is advantageous for application. Moreover, MgZnO monolayer exhibits interesting tuning of electronic structure and optical properties with Mg concentration. The band gap increases with increasing Mg concentration. More interestingly, a direct to indirect band gap transition is observed for MgZnO monolayer when Mg concentration is higher than 75 at %. We also predict that Mg doping leads to a blue shift of the optical absorption peaks. Our results may provide guidance for designing the growth process and potential application of MgZnO monolayer.

Effect of charge compensator ions (R+ = Li+, Na+ and K+) on Sr2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ phosphors by solid-state reaction method

Science.gov (United States)

Sahu, Ishwar Prasad

2016-09-01

The Sr2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ and Sr2MgSi2O7:Dy3+, R+ (R+ = Li+, Na+ and K+) phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The crystal structures of sintered phosphors were an akermanite-type structure which belongs to the tetragonal crystallography. The prepared phosphors were excited at 350 nm, and their corresponding emission spectrum were recorded at blue (482 nm) and yellow (575 nm) region due to the 4F9/2 → 6H15/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transitions, respectively, of Dy3+ ions. Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates have been calculated for each sample and its value exhibited that overall emission is near white light. The possible mechanisms of discussed white light emitting phosphors were also investigated. In order to investigate the suitability of the samples as white color light sources for industrial uses, color purity, correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI) were calculated. Values of color purity, CCT and CRI were found well within the defined acceptable range. With incorporating (R+ = Li+, Na+ and K+) as charge compensator ions, the emission intensity of Sr2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ can be obviously enhanced. The results indicate that prepared phosphors may be a potential application in display devices.

Effect of charge compensator ions (R+ = Li+, Na+ and K+) on Sr2MgSi2O7:Dy3+ phosphors by solid-state reaction method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sahu, Ishwar Prasad

2016-01-01

The Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Dy 3+ and Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Dy 3+ , R + (R + = Li + , Na + and K + ) phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction method. The crystal structures of sintered phosphors were an akermanite-type structure which belongs to the tetragonal crystallography. The prepared phosphors were excited at 350 nm, and their corresponding emission spectrum were recorded at blue (482 nm) and yellow (575 nm) region due to the 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 15/2 and 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 13/2 transitions, respectively, of Dy 3+ ions. Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates have been calculated for each sample and its value exhibited that overall emission is near white light. The possible mechanisms of discussed white light emitting phosphors were also investigated. In order to investigate the suitability of the samples as white color light sources for industrial uses, color purity, correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI) were calculated. Values of color purity, CCT and CRI were found well within the defined acceptable range. With incorporating (R + = Li + , Na + and K + ) as charge compensator ions, the emission intensity of Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Dy 3+ can be obviously enhanced. The results indicate that prepared phosphors may be a potential application in display devices. (orig.)

Thermodynamic modelling and in-situ neutron diffraction investigation of the (Ce + Mg + Zn) system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu, Zhijun; Gharghouri, Michael A.; Medraj, Mamoun; Lee, Soo Yeol; Pelton, Arthur D.

2016-01-01

Highlights: • All phase diagram and thermodynamic data critically assessed for the (Ce + Mg + Zn) system. • All phases described by optimized thermodynamic models. • In-situ neutron diffraction performed to identify phases and transition temperatures. • Assessments of other (RE + Mg + Zn) systems have been carried out simultaneously. • The final product is a thermodynamic database for multicomponent (Mg + RE + Zn) systems. - Abstract: All available phase diagram data for the (Ce + Mg + Zn) system were critically assessed. In-situ neutron diffraction (ND) experiments were performed on selected samples to identify phases and transition temperatures. A critical thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of the (Ce + Mg + Zn) system were carried out and model parameters for the thermodynamic properties of all phases were obtained. The phase transformation behaviour of selected samples was well resolved from the ND experiments and experimental data were used to refine the thermodynamic model parameters.

Intersubband spectroscopy of ZnO/ZnMgO quantum wells grown on m-plane ZnO substrates for quantum cascade device applications (Conference Presentation)

Science.gov (United States)

Quach, Patrick; Jollivet, Arnaud; Isac, Nathalie; Bousseksou, Adel; Ariel, Frédéric; Tchernycheva, Maria; Julien, François H.; Montes Bajo, Miguel; Tamayo-Arriola, Julen; Hierro, Adrián.; Le Biavan, Nolwenn; Hugues, Maxime; Chauveau, Jean-Michel

2017-03-01

Quantum cascade (QC) lasers opens new prospects for powerful sources operating at THz frequencies. Up to now the best THz QC lasers are based on intersubband emission in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well (QW) heterostructures. The maximum operating temperature is 200 K, which is too low for wide-spread applications. This is due to the rather low LO-phonon energy (36 meV) of GaAs-based materials. Indeed, thermal activation allows non-radiative path through electron-phonon interaction which destroys the population inversion. Wide band gap materials such as ZnO have been predicted to provide much higher operating temperatures because of the high value of their LO-phonon energy. However, despite some observations of intersubband absorption in c-plane ZnO/ZnMgO quantum wells, little is known on the fundamental parameters such as the conduction band offset in such heterostructures. In addition the internal field inherent to c-plane grown heterostuctures is an handicap for the design of QC lasers and detectors. In this talk, we will review a systematic investigation of ZnO/ZnMgO QW heterostructures with various Mg content and QW thicknesses grown by plasma molecular beam epitaxy on low-defect m-plane ZnO substrates. We will show that most samples exhibit TM-polarized intersubband absorption at room temperature linked either to bound-to-quasi bound inter-miniband absorption or to bound-to bound intersubband absorption depending on the Mg content of the barrier material. This systematic study allows for the first time to estimate the conduction band offset of ZnO/ZnMgO heterostructures, opening prospects for the design of QC devices operating at THz frequencies. This was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement #665107.

Centrifugally cast Zn-27Al-xMg-ySi alloys and their in situ (Mg2Si + Si)/ZA27 composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Qudong; Chen Yongjun; Chen Wenzhou; Wei Yinhong; Zhai Chunquan; Ding Wenjiang

2005-01-01

Effects of composition, mold temperature, rotating rate and modification on microstructure of centrifugally cast Zn-27Al-xMg-ySi alloys have been investigated. In situ composites of Zn-27Al-6.3Mg-3.7Si and Zn-27Al-9.8Mg-5.2Si alloys were fabricated by centrifugal casting using heated permanent mold. These composites consist of three layers: inner layer segregates lots of blocky primary Mg 2 Si and a litter blocky primary Si, middle layer contains without primary Mg 2 Si and primary Si, outer layer contains primary Mg 2 Si and primary Si. The position, quantity and distribution of primary Mg 2 Si and primary Si in the composites are determined jointly by alloy composition, solidification velocity under the effect of centrifugal force and their floating velocity inward. Na salt modifier can refine grain and primary Mg 2 Si and make primary Mg 2 Si distribute more evenly and make primary Si nodular. For centrifugally cast Zn-27Al-3.2Mg-1.8Si alloy, the microstructures of inner layer, middle layer and outer layer are almost similar, single layer materials without primary Mg 2 Si and primary Si are obtained, and their grain sizes increased with the mold temperature increasing

Effect of ageing time 200 °C on microstructure behaviour of Al-Zn-Cu-Mg cast alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pratiwi Diah Kusuma

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Al-Zn-Cu-Mg is heat treatable alloy that can be used in many hightech applications, such as aerospace and military. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of ageing process in microstrucure behaviour of Al-9Zn-5Cu-4Mg cast alloy by performing SEM analysis and its correlation with hardness tests of as-cast Al-9Zn-5Cu-4Mg alloy and heat treated Al-9Zn-5Cu-4Mg cast alloy. The results show the deployment of precipitation spread over the dendrite and also the presence of second phases Mg3Zn3Al2 , Cu2FeAl7 , CuAl2, and CuMgAl2 in as-cast Al-9Zn-5Cu-4Mg alloy. The presence of all these second phases are affecting to the toughness of aluminium alloy and the presence of MgZn2 leads the impairment of hardness value of heat-treated Al-9Zn-5Cu-5Mg cast alloy.

Strong sp-d exchange coupling in ZnMnTe/ZnMgTe core/shell nanowires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wojnar, Piotr; Janik, Elzbieta; Szymura, Malgorzata; Zaleszczyk, Wojciech; Kret, Slawomir; Klopotowski, Lukasz; Wojciechowski, Tomasz; Baczewski, Lech T.; Wiater, Maciej; Karczewski, Grzegorz; Wojtowicz, Tomasz; Kossut, Jacek [Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw (Poland); Suffczynski, Jan; Papierska, Joanna [Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University, ul. Hoza 69, 00-681 Warsaw (Poland)

2014-07-15

In this work, our recent progress in the growth and optical studies of telluride nanowire heterostructures containing a small molar fraction of magnetic Mn-ions of only a few percent is overviewed. ZnMnTe/ZnMgTe core/shell nanowires (NWs) are grown by molecular beam epitaxy by employing the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism assisted with gold catalyst. The structures are studied by means of photoluminescence and microphotoluminescence in an external magnetic field. In the first step, however, an activation of the near band edge emission from ZnTe and ZnMnTe nanowires is described, which is achieved by coating the nanowires with shells made of ZnMgTe. The role of these shells is to passivate Zn(Mn)Te surface states. The incorporation of Mn ions into the crystalline lattice of ZnMnTe nanowires is manifested as a considerable blue shift of near band edge emission with increasing Mn concentration inside the nanowire cores, which reflects directly the increase of their energy gap. In an external magnetic field the near band edge emission exhibits a giant spectral redshift accompanied by an increase of the circular polarization of the emitted light. Both effect are fingerprints of giant Zeeman splitting of the band edges due to sp-d exchange interaction between the band carriers and magnetic Mn-ions. (copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Bio-corrosion characterization of Mg-Zn-X (X = Ca, Mn, Si) alloys for biomedical applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Rosalbino, F; De Negri, S; Saccone, A; Angelini, E; Delfino, S

2010-04-01

The successful applications of magnesium-based alloys as biodegradable orthopedic implants are mainly inhibited due to their high degradation rates in physiological environment. This study examines the bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg-2Zn-0.2X (X = Ca, Mn, Si) alloys in Ringer's physiological solution that simulates bodily fluids, and compares it with that of AZ91 magnesium alloy. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed a better corrosion behaviour of AZ91 alloy with respect to Mg-2Zn-0.2Ca and Mg-2Zn-0.2Si alloys. On the contrary, enhanced corrosion resistance was observed for Mg-2Zn-0.2Mn alloy compared to the AZ91 one: Mg-2Zn-0.2Mn alloy exhibited a four-fold increase in the polarization resistance than AZ91 alloy after 168 h exposure to the Ringer's physiological solution. The improved corrosion behaviour of the Mg-2Zn-0.2Mn alloy with respect to the AZ91 one can be ascribed to enhanced protective properties of the Mg(OH)(2) surface layer. The present study suggests the Mg-2Zn-0.2Mn alloy as a promising candidate for its applications in degradable orthopedic implants, and is worthwhile to further investigate the in vivo corrosion behaviour as well as assessed the mechanical properties of this alloy.

Microstructure and properties of hot extruded Mg-3Zn-Y-xCu (x = 0, 1, 3, 5) alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Bao-sheng; Kuang, Ya-fei; Fang, Da-qing; Chai, Yue-sheng [Taiyuan Univ. of Science and Technology (China). College of Materials Science and Engineering; Taiyuan Univ. of Science and Technology (China). Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys of Shanxi Province; Zhang, Yue-zhong [Taiyuan Univ. of Science and Technology (China). Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys of Shanxi Province; Taiyuan Univ. of Science and Technology (China). College of Chemical and Biological Engineering

2017-04-15

In petroleum drilling engineering, materials with high strength and rapid degradation are required for degradable fracturing ball applications. In this work, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of extruded Mg-3Zn-Y-xCu (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 weight percent) alloys are investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, compression tests, electrochemical measurements, and hydrogen evolution tests, to explore their potential as excellent candidate alloys for degradable fracturing ball applications. It is found that the Mg-3Zn-Y alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg, Mg{sub 3}Zn{sub 3}Y{sub 2}, and Mg{sub 3}Zn{sub 6}Y phases. After Cu addition, a new MgZnCu phase is formed, while the Mg{sub 3}Zn{sub 3}Y{sub 2} phase disappears. The Mg-3Zn-Y-3Cu alloy shows the highest compressive strength (473 MPa) and yield strength (402 MPa), mainly attributed to the combined effect of the fine-grain and dispersed precipitation of Mg{sub 3}Zn{sub 6}Y and MgZnCu. The corrosion rate of Mg-3Zn-Y-3Cu reaches 0.41 mm day{sup -1} in 3.5 wt.% KCl solution. Consequently, Mg-3Zn-Y-3Cu alloy is a suitable degradable fracturing ball-seat material.

Influence of severe plastic deformation on intermetallic particles in Mg-12 wt.%Zn alloy investigated using transmission electron microscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Němec, M.; Gärtnerová, V.; Jäger, A.

2016-01-01

The in-depth microstructural characterization of intermetallic particles in an Mg-12 wt.%Zn binary alloy subjected to a severe plastic deformation is presented. The alloy was processed by four passes via equal channel angular pressing with an applied back pressure at a gradually decreasing temperature and analyzed using transmission electron microscopy techniques to observe the influence of processing on intermetallic particles. The results are compared with the initial state of the material prior to severe plastic deformation. The microstructural evolution of the α-Mg matrix and the Mg 21 Zn 25 , Mg 51 Zn 20 and MgZn 2 was analyzed using bright field imaging, selected area electron diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark field imaging in scanning mode. The plastic deformation process influenced the α-Mg matrix and each type of intermetallic particle. The α-Mg matrix consisted of two types of areas. The first type of area had a highly deformed structure, and the second type of area had a partially recrystallized structure with an average grain size of approximately 250 nm. The Mg 21 Zn 25 microparticles exhibited distinct forms in the α-Mg matrix that were characterized as a single-crystalline form, a nano-crystalline form and a broken up form. No evidence of Mg 51 Zn 20 nanoparticles within the α-Mg matrix was found in the microstructure, which indicates their dissolution or phase transformation during the deformation process. MgZn 2 nanoparticles exhibited different behavior in both types of α-Mg matrix. Two orientation relationships toward the highly deformed α-Mg matrix were observed; however, there was no relationship toward the partially recrystallized α-Mg matrix. Additionally, the growth of the MgZn 2 nanoparticles was different in the two types of α-Mg matrix. The Mg 51 Zn 20 nanoparticles inside Mg 21 Zn 25 microparticles exhibited a distinct behavior within the single-crystalline or nano

In vitro and in vivo corrosion measurements of Mg-6Zn alloys in the bile.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Yigang; Yan, Jun; Wang, Zhigang; Yu, Song; Wang, Xiaohu; Yuan, Ziming; Zhang, Xiaonong; Zhao, Changli; Zheng, Qi

2014-09-01

Mg-6Zn alloy was studied as candidate biodegradable metallic implants for the common bile duct (CBD) in terms of its in vitro corrosion and in vivo corrosion. Electrochemical measurements, immersion tests and hydrogen evolution were performed in the bile and Hanks' solution to evaluate the in vitro degradation behavior of Mg-6Zn alloy. The results showed that the degradation rate and hydrogen evolution were higher when Mg-6Zn alloy immersed in the bile than in the Hanks' solution. The polarization resistance of the samples in the Hanks' solution was about 1.5 times to that in the bile. In the in vivo experiment, Mg-6Zn alloy stents were inserted in CBD of 42 rabbits, and CT scans, the value of total bilirubin (TB) and in vivo corrosion rate were determined. From the results of CT images and the fluctuations of TB values, it can be seen that the stent was degraded gradually in CBD. After 1 week post-implantation, the majority of the Mg-6Zn alloy sample remained in the CBD. Usually the required support time for CBD stent was approximately 7-10 days, thus the Mg-6Zn alloy stent was very close to the clinical requirement for CBD support materials. After three weeks, the residual weight of the Mg-6Zn alloy was only 9% of the original weight. The in vivo corrosion rate of Mg-6Zn alloy was ~0.107 mm·year(-1), which was much lower than that calculated in vitro (~0.72 mm·year(-1) by electrochemical test). Based on our research, there is promising for the Mg-6Zn alloy in CBD applications. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Transesterification of palm oil on K{sub y}Mg{sub 1} {sub -} {sub x}Zn{sub 1} {sub +} {sub x}O{sub 3} catalyst: Effect of Mg-Zn interaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olutoye, M.A.; Hameed, B.H. [School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang (Malaysia)

2010-06-15

The Mg-Zn interaction effect of K{sub y}Mg{sub 1} {sub -} {sub x}Zn{sub 1} {sub +} {sub x}O{sub 3} heterogeneous type catalyst and its performance on transesterification of palm oil have been studied using the response surface methodology and the factorial design of experiments. The catalyst was synthesized using the co-precipitation method and the activity was assessed by transesterification of palm oil into fatty acid methyl esters. The ratio of the Mg/Zn metal interaction, temperature and time of calcination were found to have positive influence on the conversion of palm oil to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) with the effect of metal to metal ratio and temperature of calcination being more significant. The catalytic activity was found to decrease at higher calcination temperature and the catalyst type K{sub 2}Mg{sub 0.34}Zn{sub 1.66}O{sub 3} with Mg/Zn ratio of 4.81 gave FAME content of 73% at a catalyst loading of 1.404 wt.% of oil with molar ratio of methanol to oil being 6:1 at temperature of 150 C in 6 h. A regression model was obtained to predict conversions to methyl esters as a function of metal interaction ratio, temperature of calcination and time. The observed activity of the synthesized catalyst was due to its synergetic structure and composition. (author)

Study of solid state interactions in the systems ZnFe2O4 - CaO, ZnFe2O4 - MgO and zinc cake with CaO and MgO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peltekov A.B.

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The solid state interactions of CaO and MgO with synthetic and industrial ZnFe2O4 (in zinc cake have been studied using chemical, XRD analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The exchange reactions in the systems ZnFe2O4 - CaO and ZnFe2O4 - MgO have been investigated in the range of 850-1200ºC and duration up to 180 min. It has been established that Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions exchange Zn2+ in ferrite partially and the solubility of zinc in a 7% sulfuric acid solution increases. The possibilities for utilization of the obtained results in zinc hydrometallurgy have been discussed.

Biological activity evaluation of magnesium fluoride coated Mg-Zn-Zr alloy in vivo.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Hongfeng; Wang, Jingbo; Chen, Minfang; Liu, Debao

2017-06-01

To explore the biodegradable characteristics and biological properties, which could promote new bone formation, of MgF 2 coated magnesium alloy (Mg-3wt%Zn-0.5wt%Zr) in rabbits. Magnesium alloy with MgF 2 coating was made and the MgF 2 /Mg-Zn-Zr was implanted in the femoral condyle of rabbits. Twelve healthy adult Japanese white rabbits in weight of 2.8-3.2kg were averagely divided into A(Mg-Zn-Zr) group and B(MgF 2 /MgZn-Zr) group. Indexes such as microstructural evolution, SEM scan, X-ray, Micro-CT and mechanical properties were observed and detected at 1th day, 2th, 4th, 8th, 12th, 24th week after implantation. Low-density regions occurred around the cancellous bone, and the regions gradually expanded during the 12weeks after implantation. The implant was gradually absorbed from 12 to 24weeks. The density of surrounding cancellous bone increased compared with the 12th week data. The degradation rate of B group was lower than that of A group (Pmagnesium ions. The biological properties of the coating itself presented good biocompatibility and bioactivity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of Ca on microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties and biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Yin, Ping; Li, Nian Feng; Lei, Ting; Liu, Lin; Ouyang, Chun

2013-06-01

Zn and Ca were selected as alloying elements to develop an Mg-Zn-Ca alloy system for biomedical application due to their good biocompatibility. The effects of Ca on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties as well as the biocompatibility of the as-cast Mg-Zn-Ca alloys were studied. Results indicate that the microstructure of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys typically consists of primary α-Mg matrix and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃/Mg₂Ca intermetallic phase mainly distributed along grain boundary. The yield strength of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy increased slightly with the increase of Ca content, whilst its tensile strength increased at first and then decreased. Corrosion tests in the simulated body fluid revealed that the addition of Ca is detrimental to corrosion resistance due to the micro-galvanic corrosion acceleration. In vitro hemolysis and cytotoxicity assessment disclose that Mg-5Zn-1.0Ca alloy has suitable biocompatibility.

Synthesis, structure, luminescent, and magnetic properties of carbonato-bridged Zn(II)2Ln(III)2 complexes [(μ4-CO3)2{Zn(II)L(n)Ln(III)(NO3)}2] (Ln(III) = Gd(III), Tb(III), Dy(III); L(1) = N,N'-bis(3-methoxy-2-oxybenzylidene)-1,3-propanediaminato, L(2) = N,N'-bis(3-ethoxy-2-oxybenzylidene)-1,3-propanediaminato).

Science.gov (United States)

Ehama, Kiyomi; Ohmichi, Yusuke; Sakamoto, Soichiro; Fujinami, Takeshi; Matsumoto, Naohide; Mochida, Naotaka; Ishida, Takayuki; Sunatsuki, Yukinari; Tsuchimoto, Masanobu; Re, Nazzareno

2013-11-04

Carbonato-bridged Zn(II)2Ln(III)2 complexes [(μ4-CO3)2{Zn(II)L(n)Ln(III)(NO3)}2]·solvent were synthesized through atmospheric CO2 fixation reaction of [Zn(II)L(n)(H2O)2]·xH2O, Ln(III)(NO3)3·6H2O, and triethylamine, where Ln(III) = Gd(III), Tb(III), Dy(III); L(1) = N,N'-bis(3-methoxy-2-oxybenzylidene)-1,3-propanediaminato, L(2) = N,N'-bis(3-ethoxy-2-oxybenzylidene)-1,3-propanediaminato. Each Zn(II)2Ln(III)2 structure possessing an inversion center can be described as two di-μ-phenoxo-bridged {Zn(II)L(n)Ln(III)(NO3)} binuclear units bridged by two carbonato CO3(2-) ions. The Zn(II) ion has square pyramidal coordination geometry with N2O2 donor atoms of L(n) and one oxygen atom of a bridging carbonato ion at the axial site. Ln(III) ion is coordinated by nine oxygen atoms consisting of four from the deprotonated Schiff-base L(n), two from a chelating nitrate, and three from two carbonate groups. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibilities in the range 1.9-300 K, field-dependent magnetization from 0 to 5 T at 1.9 K, and alternating current magnetic susceptibilities under the direct current bias fields of 0 and 1000 Oe were measured. The magnetic properties of the Zn(II)2Ln(III)2 complexes are analyzed on the basis of the dicarbonato-bridged binuclear Ln(III)-Ln(III) structure, as the Zn(II) ion with d(10) electronic configuration is diamagnetic. ZnGd1 (L(1)) and ZnGd2 (L(2)) show a ferromagnetic Gd(III)-Gd(III) interaction with J(Gd-Gd) = +0.042 and +0.028 cm(-1), respectively, on the basis of the Hamiltonian H = -2J(Gd-Gd)ŜGd1·ŜGd2. The magnetic data of the Zn(II)2Ln(III)2 complexes (Ln(III) = Tb(III), Dy(III)) were analyzed by a spin Hamiltonian including the crystal field effect on the Ln(III) ions and the Ln(III)-Ln(III) magnetic interaction. The Stark splitting of the ground state was so evaluated, and the energy pattern indicates a strong easy axis (Ising type) anisotropy. Luminescence spectra of Zn(II)2Tb(III)2 complexes were observed, while those

Preparation and characterization of porous Mg-Zn-Ca alloy by space holder technique

Science.gov (United States)

Annur, D.; Lestari, Franciska P.; Erryani, A.; Sijabat, Fernando A.; G. P. Astawa, I. N.; Kartika, I.

2018-04-01

Magnesium had been recently researched as a future biodegradable implant material. In the recent study, porous Mg-Zn-Ca alloys were developed using space holder technique in powder metallurgy process. Carbamide (10-20%wt) was added into Mg-6Zn-1Ca (in wt%) alloy system as a space holder to create porous structure material. Sintering process was done in a tube furnace under Argon atmosphere in 610 °C for 5 hours. Porous structure of the resulted alloy was examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), while the phase formation was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Further, mechanical properties of porous Mg-Zn-Ca alloy was examined through compression testing. Microstructure characterization showed higher content of Carbamide in the alloy would give different type of pores. However, compression test showed that mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy would decrease significantly when higher content of carbamide was added.

Etch Pit Studies of II-VI-Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials ZnSe, ZnCdSe, and ZnCdMgSe Grown on InP

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Semendy, Fred

1999-01-01

Etch pit density (EPD) determination studies have been conducted on II-VI semiconductor materials ZnSe, ZnCdSe, and ZnCdMgSe grown on InP surfaces for the first time by using various etching solutions under different...

Mathematical theory of elasticity of quasicrystals and its applications

CERN Document Server

Fan, Tian-You

2016-01-01

This interdisciplinary work on condensed matter physics, the continuum mechanics of novel materials, and partial differential equations, discusses the mathematical theory of elasticity and hydrodynamics of quasicrystals, as well as its applications. By establishing new partial differential equations of higher order and their solutions under complicated boundary value and initial value conditions, the theories developed here dramatically simplify the solution of complex elasticity problems. Comprehensive and detailed mathematical derivations guide readers through the work. By combining theoretical analysis and experimental data, mathematical studies and practical applications, readers will gain a systematic, comprehensive and in-depth understanding of condensed matter physics, new continuum mechanics and applied mathematics. This new edition covers the latest developments in quasicrystal studies. In particular, it pays special attention to the hydrodynamics, soft-matter quasicrystals, and the Poisson bracket m...

Bidirectional electroluminescence from p-SnO2/i-MgZnO/n-ZnO heterojunction light-emitting diodes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Yanqin; Li, Songzhan; Liu, Feng; Zhang, Nangang; Liu, Kan; Wang, Shengxiang; Fang, Guojia

2017-01-01

Light-emitting diodes based on p-SnO 2 /i-MgZnO/n-ZnO heterojunction have been fabricated. The material properties and the performance of heterojunction device are characterized. Current-voltage characteristics of the device show a diode-like rectifying behavior. Under forward bias, two prominent emission peaks located at 589 nm and 722 nm in the visible region and a weak ultraviolet emission are observed from p-SnO 2 /i-MgZnO/n-ZnO heterojunction device. As the device is under reverse bias, a broad visible emission band dominates the electroluminescence spectrum at a high current. Furthermore, the emission mechanism has been discussed in terms of energy band structures of the device under forward and reverse biases.

Study the Effect of Mg O on the Photo catalysis of Zn O Thin Layers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zaghlool, R.A.I.M.

2011-01-01

The removal of the non-biodegradable organic chemicals is a crucial ecological problem. Dyes are an important class of synthetic organic compounds used in the textile industry and are therefore common industrial pollutants. Due to the stability of modern dyes, conventional biological treatment methods for industrial wastewater are ineffective resulting often in an intensively colored discharge from the treatment facilities. Heterogeneous photo catalysis by semiconductor films is a promising technology for the reduction of global environmental pollutants. Zn O has received much attention in the degradation and complete mineralization of environmental pollutants. In order to improve the properties of the films, several techniques such as sputtering, thermal evaporation and spray pyrolysis have been applied for the production of Zn O. Spray pyrolysis technique is preferred among these techniques. It is less expensive, simpler and more versatile than all the other techniques, which allows the possibility of obtaining large area films with the required properties for different applications. In order to improve the photo catalytic efficiency of Zn O films, the particle sizes, morphologies, surface properties, and electronic structure have to be changed. This can be done by doping with some metals. In this work, Mg was doped into Zn O thin films. Zn 1x Mg x O thin films are prepared by spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates. The deposition temperature was 500 °C. Mg concentration was varied in the range of 0.0 to 0.3 in intervals of 0.05. The pure Zn O films were polycrystalline with preferred orientation (100). Zn 1x Mg x O films become amorphous with increasing Mg concentration. The grain size decreased with increasing Mg content. Also, doping with Mg has increased the surface roughness of the films. The optical band gap of Zn 1x Mg x O changes from 3.26 to 3.48 eV with increasing Mg content. The refractive index has been decreased but the extinction coefficient

Influence of Zn Interlayer on Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TIG Lap-Welded Mg/Al Joints

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Qiong; Wang, Kehong

2016-03-01

This study explored 6061 Al alloy and AZ31B Mg alloy joined by TIG lap welding with Zn foils of varying thicknesses, with the additional Zn element being imported into the fusion zone to alloy the weld seam. The microstructures and chemical composition in the fusion zone near the Mg substrate were examined by SEM and EDS, and tensile shear strength tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the Al/Mg joints, as well as the fracture surfaces, and phase compositions. The results revealed that the introduction of an appropriate amount of Zn transition layer improves the microstructure of Mg/Al joints and effectively reduces the formation of Mg-Al intermetallic compounds (IMCs). The most common IMCs in the fusion zone near the Mg substrate were Mg-Zn and Mg-Al-Zn IMCs. The type and distribution of IMCs generated in the weld zone differed according to Zn additions; Zn interlayer thickness of 0.4 mm improved the sample's mechanical properties considerably compared to thicknesses of less than 0.4 mm; however, any further increase in Zn interlayer thickness of above 0.4 mm caused mechanical properties to deteriorate.

Friction Stir Welding-assisted Diffusion Bond of Al/Zn/Mg Lap Joint

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

JIN Yu-hua

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Dissimilar materials welding between 2mm-thick AZ31B Mg alloy and 6061 Al alloy plates in overlap form was performed using the friction stir-induced diffusion bond with zinc foil as the interlayer. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al/Zn/Mg lap joints were analyzed by means of SEM, EPMA, XRD, tensile experiment and Vickers hardness test. The results show that diffusion layer consists of Al enrichment zone, Al5Mg11Zn4 layer and Mg-Zn eutectic zone at proper rotation speed; however, when rotation speed is low, the residual zinc interlayer remains in the diffusion layer; when rotation speed is high, the Al-Mg intermetallic compounds are present again. Due to the existence of intermetallic compounds in diffusion layer, its microhardness is significantly higher than that of base metal. The addition of zinc foil can improve the mechanical properties of Al/Mg lap joints. According to analysis on the fracture, joint failure occurs in the diffusion layer near to Al side.

Assessment of CaSO4:Dy and LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescent dosimeters performance in the dosimetry of clinical electron beams

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nunes, Maira Goes

2008-01-01

The assessment of the performance of CaS0 4 :Dy thermoluminescent detectors produced by IPEN in the dosimetry of clinical electron beams aims to propose an alternative to the LiF:Mg,Ti commercial dosimeters (TLD-100) largely applied in radiation therapy. The two types of thermoluminescent dosimeters were characterised with the use of PMMA, RMI-457 type solid water and water phantoms in radiation fields of 4, 6, 9, 12 and 16 MeV electrons of nominal energies in which the dose-response curves were obtained and the surface and depth doses were determined. The thermoluminescent response dependency with the electron nominal energies and the applied phantom were studied. The CaS0 4 :Dy presented the same behaviour than the LiF:Mg,Ti in such a way that its application as an alternative to the TLD-100 pellets in the radiation therapy dosimetry of electron beams is viable and presents the significantly higher sensitivity to the electron radiation as its main advantage. (author)

Structural and optical properties of Mg doped ZnS quantum dots and biological applications

Science.gov (United States)

Ashokkumar, M.; Boopathyraja, A.

2018-01-01

Zn1-xMgxS (x = 0, 0.2 and 0.4) quantum dots (QDs) were prepared by co-precipitation method. The Mg dopant did not modify the cubic blende structure of ZnS QDs. The Mg related secondary phase was not detected even for 40% of Mg doping. The size mismatch between host Zn ion and dopant Mg ion created distortion around the dopant. The creation of distortion centres produced small changes in the lattice parameters and diffraction peak position. All the QDs showed small sulfur deficiency and the deficiency level were increased by Mg doping. Band gap of the QD was decreased due to the dominated quantum confinement effect over compositional effect at initial doping of Mg. But at higher doping the band gap was increased due to compositional effect, since there was no change in average crystallite size. The prepared QDs had three emission bands in the UV and Visible regions corresponding to near band edge emission and defect related emissions. The electron transport reaction chain which forms free radicals was broken by sulfur vacancy trap sites. Therefore, the ZnS QDs had better antioxidant activity and the antioxidant behaviour was enhanced by Mg doping. The enhanced UV absorption and emission of 20% of Mg doped ZnS QDs let to maximize the zone of inhibition against E. Coli bacterial strain.

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance Property of a Zn-AI-Mg Alloy with Different Solidification Processes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jiang Guang-rui

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Zn-Al-Mg alloy coating attracted much attention due to its high corrosion resistance properties, especially high anti-corrosion performance at the cut edge. As the Zn-Al-Mg alloy coating was usually produced by hot-dip galvanizing method, solidification process was considered to influence its microstructure and corrosion properties. In this work, a Zn-Al-Mg cast alloy was melted and cooled to room temperature with different solidification processes, including water quench, air cooling and furnace cooling. Microstructure of the alloy with different solidification processes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM. Result shows that the microstructure of the Zn-Al-Mg alloy are strongly influenced by solidification process. With increasing solidification rate, more Al is remained in the primary crystal. Electrochemical analysis indicates that with lowering solidification rate, the corrosion current density of the Zn-Al-Mg alloy decreases, which means higher corrosion resistance.

Corrosion resistance and protection mechanism of hot-dip Zn-Al-Mg alloy coated steel sheet under accelerated corrosion environment; Yoyu Zn-Al-Mg kei gokin mekki koban no sokushin fushoku kankyoka ni okeru taishokusei toi boshoku kiko

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Komatsu, A.; Izutani, H.; Tsujimura, T.; Ando, A.; Kittaka, T. [NKK Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

2000-08-01

Corrosion behavior of hot-dip Zn-6%Al 0-3%Mg alloy coated steel sheets in cyclic corrosion test (CCT) has been investigated. The corrosion resistance was improved with increasing Mg content in the coating layer, and the highest corrosion resistance was observed at 3% Mg. In Zn-6%Al-3%Mg alloy coated steel sheet, the formations of zinc carbonate hydroxide and zinc oxide were suppressed for longer duration compared with Zn-0.2%Al and Zn-4.5%Al-0.l%Mg alloy coated steel sheets. As a result, zinc chloride hydroxide existed stable on the surface of the coating layer. From the polarization behaviors in 5% NaCl aqueous solution after CCT, it was found that the corrosion current density of Zn-6%At-3%Mg alloy coated steel sheet was much smaller than those of Zn-0.2%Al and Zn-4.5%Al-0.1%Mg alloy coated steel sheets. As zinc carbonate hydroxide and zinc oxide had poor adhesion to the coating layer and had porous structures, these corrosion products were considered to have little protective action for the coating layer. Therefore, it was concluded that Mg suppressed the formation of such nonprotective corrosion products. resulting in the remarkable improvement of corrosion resistance. (author)

Study of sintering on Mg-Zn-Ca alloy system

Science.gov (United States)

Annur, Dhyah; Lestari, Franciska P.; Erryani, Aprilia; Kartika, Ika

2018-05-01

Magnesium and its alloy have gained a lot of interest to be used in biomedical application due to its biodegradable and biocompatible properties. In this study, sintering process in powder metallurgy was chosen to fabricatenonporous Mg-6Zn-1Ca (in wt%) alloy and porous Mg-6Zn-1Ca-10 Carbamide alloy. For creating porous alloy, carbamide (CO(NH2)2 was added to alloy system as the space holder to create porous structure material. Effect of the space holder addition and sintering temperature on porosity, phase formation, mechanical properties, and corrosion properties was observed. Sintering process was done in a tube furnace under Argon atmosphere in for 5 hours. The heat treatment was done in two steps; heated up at 250 °C for 4 hours to decompose spacer particle, followed by heated up at 580 °C or 630 °C for 5 hours. The porous structure of the resulted alloys was examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), while the phase formation was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Mechanical properties were examined using compression testing. From this study, increasing sintering temperature up to 630 °C reduced the mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Ca alloy.

Development of biodegradable Zn-1X binary alloys with nutrient alloying elements Mg, Ca and Sr

Science.gov (United States)

Li, H. F.; Xie, X. H.; Zheng, Y. F.; Cong, Y.; Zhou, F. Y.; Qiu, K. J.; Wang, X.; Chen, S. H.; Huang, L.; Tian, L.; Qin, L.

2015-01-01

Biodegradable metals have attracted considerable attentions in recent years. Besides the early launched biodegradable Mg and Fe metals, Zn, an essential element with osteogenic potential of human body, is regarded and studied as a new kind of potential biodegradable metal quite recently. Unfortunately, pure Zn is soft, brittle and has low mechanical strength in the practice, which needs further improvement in order to meet the clinical requirements. On the other hand, the widely used industrial Zn-based alloys usually contain biotoxic elements (for instance, ZA series contain toxic Al elements up to 40 wt.%), which subsequently bring up biosafety concerns. In the present work, novel Zn-1X binary alloys, with the addition of nutrition elements Mg, Ca and Sr were designed (cast, rolled and extruded Zn-1Mg, Zn-1Ca and Zn-1Sr). Their microstructure and mechanical property, degradation and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility were studied systematically. The results demonstrated that the Zn-1X (Mg, Ca and Sr) alloys have profoundly modified the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of pure Zn. Zn-1X (Mg, Ca and Sr) alloys showed great potential for use in a new generation of biodegradable implants, opening up a new avenue in the area of biodegradable metals. PMID:26023878

Development of biodegradable Zn-1X binary alloys with nutrient alloying elements Mg, Ca and Sr.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, H F; Xie, X H; Zheng, Y F; Cong, Y; Zhou, F Y; Qiu, K J; Wang, X; Chen, S H; Huang, L; Tian, L; Qin, L

2015-05-29

Biodegradable metals have attracted considerable attentions in recent years. Besides the early launched biodegradable Mg and Fe metals, Zn, an essential element with osteogenic potential of human body, is regarded and studied as a new kind of potential biodegradable metal quite recently. Unfortunately, pure Zn is soft, brittle and has low mechanical strength in the practice, which needs further improvement in order to meet the clinical requirements. On the other hand, the widely used industrial Zn-based alloys usually contain biotoxic elements (for instance, ZA series contain toxic Al elements up to 40 wt.%), which subsequently bring up biosafety concerns. In the present work, novel Zn-1X binary alloys, with the addition of nutrition elements Mg, Ca and Sr were designed (cast, rolled and extruded Zn-1Mg, Zn-1Ca and Zn-1Sr). Their microstructure and mechanical property, degradation and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility were studied systematically. The results demonstrated that the Zn-1X (Mg, Ca and Sr) alloys have profoundly modified the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of pure Zn. Zn-1X (Mg, Ca and Sr) alloys showed great potential for use in a new generation of biodegradable implants, opening up a new avenue in the area of biodegradable metals.

Preparation of novel functional Mg/O/PCL/ZnO composite biomaterials and their corrosion resistance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xi, Zhongxian; Tan, Cui; Xu, Lan; Yang, Na; Li, Qing

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Novel functional Mg/O/PCL/ZnO composite biomaterials were prepared. • The biomaterials were prepared by anodization treatment and dip-coating technique. • The composite biomaterials were smooth and with low porosity. • The prepared biomaterials have good corrosion resistance in SBF. • The composite biomaterials can release zinc ion to promote bone formation. - Abstract: In this study, novel and functional Mg/O/PCL/ZnO (magnesium/anodic film/poly(ε-caprolactone)/zinc oxide) composite biomaterials for enhancing the bioactivity and biocompatibility of the implant was prepared by using anodization treatment and dip-coating technique. The surface morphology, microstructure, adhesion strength and corrosion resistance of the composite biomaterials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), adhesion measurements, electrochemical tests and immersion tests respectively. In addition, the biocompatible properties of Mg (magnesium), Mg/PCL (magnesium/poly(ε-caprolactone)) and Mg/O/PCL (magnesium/anodic film/poly(ε-caprolactone)) samples were also investigated. The results show that the Mg/O/PCL/ZnO composite biomaterials were with low porosity and with the ZnO powders dispersed in PCL uniformly. The adhesion tests suggested that Mg/O/PCL/ZnO composite biomaterials had better adhesion strength than that of Mg/PCL composite biomaterials obviously. Besides, an in vitro test for corrosion demonstrated that the Mg/O/PCL/ZnO composite biomaterials had good corrosion resistance and zinc ion was released obviously in SBF

Amorphization Mechanism of Icosahedral Platinum Clusters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Apra, Edoardo; Baletto, Francesca; Ferrando, Riccardo; Fortunelli, Alessandro

2004-01-01

The amorphization mechanism of high-symmetry pt nanoclusters is investigated by a combination of Molecular Dynamics simulations and Density Functional calculations. A general mechanism for amorphization, involving rosette-like structural transformations at fivefold vertices, is proposed. IN the tosette, a fivefold vertex is transformed into a hexagonal ring. We show that for icosahedral Pt nanoclusters, this transformation is associated with an energy gain, so that their most favorable structures have a low symmetry even at icosahedral magic numbers

Effect of Ce on Casting Structure of Near-rapidly Solidified Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

HUANG Gao-ren

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Through using XRD,DSC,SEM,EDS and other modern analysis methods, the effects of rare earth element Ce on microstructure and solidification temperature of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu under different cooling rates were studied, the principle of Ce on grain refining and melt cleaning of alloys was analyzed and discussed. The results show that MgZn2 phase and α-Al matrix are the main precipitations, Al,Cu,Mg and other elements dissolve in MgZn2 phase, a new phase Mg(Zn, Cu, Al2 is formed, solute elements in the grain boundary have higher concentration, eutectic reaction takes place between MgZn2 and α-Al, lamellar eutectic structure is generated. The addition of Ce decreases the dendritic arm spacing,reduces the layer spacing between eutectic phases and refines the eutectic structure and the grain significantly, and inhibits the appearance of the impurity phase Al7Cu2Fe in aluminum alloys. The addition of Ce also reduces the precipitation temperature of α-Al matrix and eutectic phase by 6.4℃ and 5.6℃ respectively.

In situ corrosion analysis of Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti-Ce sacrificial anode alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma Jingling; Wen Jiuba; Zhai Wenxia; Li Quanan

2012-01-01

The corrosion behaviour of Al-5Zn-0.02In-1Mg-0.05Ti-0.5Ce (wt.%) alloy has been investigated by immersion test, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray detector, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical noise. The results show that there exist different corrosion types of the alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution with the immersion time. At the initial stage of immersion, pitting due to the precipitates predominates the corrosion with a typical inductive loop at low frequencies in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The major precipitates of the alloy are MgZn 2 and Al 2 CeZn 2 particles. The corrosion potentials of the bulk MgZn 2 and Al 2 CeZn 2 alloys are negative with respect to that of α-Al, so the MgZn 2 and Al 2 CeZn 2 precipitates can act as activation centre and cause the pitting. In the late corrosion, a relative uniform corrosion predominates the corrosion process controlled by the dissolution/precipitation of the In ions and characterized by a capacitive loop at medium-high frequencies in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The potential noise of the pitting shows larger amplitude fluctuation and lower frequency, but the potential noise of the uniform corrosion occurs with smaller amplitude fluctuation and higher frequency.

Predictive calculation of phase formation in Al-rich Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr alloys using a thermodynamic Mg-alloy database

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Groebner, J.; Rokhlin, L.L.; Dobatkina, T.V.; Schmid-Fetzer, R.

2007-01-01

Three series of Al-rich alloys in the system Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr and the subsystems Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc and Al-Zn-Mg-Sc were studied by thermodynamic calculations. Phase formation was compared with experimental data obtained by DTA and microstructural analysis. Calculated phase diagrams, phase amount charts and enthalpy charts together with non-equilibrium calculations under Scheil conditions reveal significant details of the complex phase formation. This enables consistent and correct interpretation of thermal analysis data. Especially the interpretation of liquidus temperature and primary phase is prone to be wrong without using this tool of computational thermodynamics. All data are predictions from a thermodynamic database developed for Mg-alloys and not a specialized Al-alloy database. That provides support for a reasonable application of this database for advanced Mg-alloys beyond the conventional composition ranges

Predictive calculation of phase formation in Al-rich Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr alloys using a thermodynamic Mg-alloy database

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Groebner, J. [Institute of Metallurgy, Clausthal University of Technology, Robert-Koch Strasse 42, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany); Rokhlin, L.L. [Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Leninsky prosp. 49, 119991 GSP-1, Moscow (Russian Federation); Dobatkina, T.V. [Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Leninsky prosp. 49, 119991 GSP-1, Moscow (Russian Federation); Schmid-Fetzer, R. [Institute of Metallurgy, Clausthal University of Technology, Robert-Koch Strasse 42, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Germany)]. E-mail: schmid-fetzer@tu-clausthal.de

2007-05-16

Three series of Al-rich alloys in the system Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc-Zr and the subsystems Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc and Al-Zn-Mg-Sc were studied by thermodynamic calculations. Phase formation was compared with experimental data obtained by DTA and microstructural analysis. Calculated phase diagrams, phase amount charts and enthalpy charts together with non-equilibrium calculations under Scheil conditions reveal significant details of the complex phase formation. This enables consistent and correct interpretation of thermal analysis data. Especially the interpretation of liquidus temperature and primary phase is prone to be wrong without using this tool of computational thermodynamics. All data are predictions from a thermodynamic database developed for Mg-alloys and not a specialized Al-alloy database. That provides support for a reasonable application of this database for advanced Mg-alloys beyond the conventional composition ranges.

Implementation of ZnO/ZnMgO strained-layer superlattice for ZnO heteroepitaxial growth on sapphire

Science.gov (United States)

Petukhov, Vladimir; Bakin, Andrey; Tsiaoussis, Ioannis; Rothman, Johan; Ivanov, Sergey; Stoemenos, John; Waag, Andreas

2011-05-01

The main challenge in fabrication of ZnO-based devices is the absence of reliable p-type material. This is mostly caused by insufficient crystalline quality of the material and not well-enough-developed native point defect control of ZnO. At present high-quality ZnO wafers are still expensive and ZnO heteroepitaxial layers on sapphire are the most reasonable alternative to homoepitaxial layers. But it is still necessary to improve the crystalline quality of the heteroepitaxial layers. One of the approaches to reduce defect density in heteroepitaxial layers is to introduce a strained-layer superlattice (SL) that could stop dislocation propagation from the substrate-layer interface. In the present paper we have employed fifteen periods of a highly strained SL structure. The structure was grown on a conventional double buffer layer comprising of high-temperature MgO/low-temperature ZnO on sapphire. The influence of the SLs on the properties of the heteroepitaxial ZnO layers is investigated. Electrical measurements of the structure with SL revealed very high values of the carrier mobility up to 210 cm2/Vs at room temperature. Structural characterization of the obtained samples showed that the dislocation density in the following ZnO layer was not reduced. The high mobility signal appears to come from the SL structure or the SL/ZnO interface.

Investigations on structural, vibrational and dielectric properties of nanosized Cu doped Mg-Zn ferrites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yadav, Anand [School of Physics, Vigyan Bhavan, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore 452001 (India); Department of Physics, MEDICAPS Institute of Science and Technology, Pithampur 453331 (India); Rajpoot, Rambabu; Dar, M. A.; Varshney, Dinesh, E-mail: vdinesh33@rediffmail.com, E-mail: anand.212@gmail.com [School of Physics, Vigyan Bhavan, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road Campus, Indore 452001 (India)

2016-05-23

Transition metal Cu{sup 2+} doped Mg-Zn ferrite [Mg{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5-x}Cu{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5)] were prepared by sol gel auto combustion (SGAC) method to probe the structural, vibrational and electrical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern reveals a single-phase cubic spinel structure without the presence of any secondary phase corresponding to other structure. The average particle size of the parent Mg{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} is found to be ~29.8 nm and is found to increase with Cu{sup 2+} doping. Progressive reduction in lattice parameter of Mg{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} has been observed due to difference in ionic radii of cations with improved Cu doping. Spinel cubic structure is further confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Small shift in Raman modes towards higher wave number has been observed in doped Mg-Zn ferrites. The permittivity and dielectric loss decreases at lower doping and increases at higher order doping of Cu{sup 2+}.

Unique antitumor property of the Mg-Ca-Sr alloys with addition of Zn

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Yuanhao; He, Guanping; Zhang, Yu; Liu, Yang; Li, Mei; Wang, Xiaolan; Li, Nan; Li, Kang; Zheng, Guan; Zheng, Yufeng; Yin, Qingshui

2016-02-01

In clinical practice, tumor recurrence and metastasis after orthopedic prosthesis implantation is an intensely troublesome matter. Therefore, to develop implant materials with antitumor property is extremely necessary and meaningful. Magnesium (Mg) alloys possess superb biocompatibility, mechanical property and biodegradability in orthopedic applications. However, whether they possess antitumor property had seldom been reported. In recent years, it showed that zinc (Zn) not only promote the osteogenic activity but also exhibit good antitumor property. In our present study, Zn was selected as an alloying element for the Mg-1Ca-0.5Sr alloy to develop a multifunctional material with antitumor property. We investigated the influence of the Mg-1Ca-0.5Sr-xZn (x = 0, 2, 4, 6 wt%) alloys extracts on the proliferation rate, cell apoptosis, migration and invasion of the U2OS cell line. Our results show that Zn containing Mg alloys extracts inhibit the cell proliferation by alteration the cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis via the activation of the mitochondria pathway. The cell migration and invasion property were also suppressed by the activation of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway. Our work suggests that the Mg-1Ca-0.5Sr-6Zn alloy is expected to be a promising orthopedic implant in osteosarcoma limb-salvage surgery for avoiding tumor recurrence and metastasis.

Levitated crystals and quasicrystals of metamaterials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Zhehui [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Morris, Christopher [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Goree, John A [Dept Phys and Astron., University of Iowa

2012-07-25

New scientific and technological opportunities exist by marrying dusty plasma research with metamaterials. Specifically, by balancing control and self-assembly, certain laboratory plasmas can become a generic levitation platform for novel structure formation and nanomaterial synthesis. We propose to experimentally investigate two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) levitated structures of metamaterials and their properties. Such structures can self assemble in laboratory plasmas, similar to levitated dust crystals which were discovered in the mid 1990's. Laboratory plasma platform for metamaterial formation eliminates substrates upon which most metamaterials have to be supported. Three types of experiments, with similar setups, are discussed here. Levitated crystal structures of metamaterials using anisotropic microparticles are the most basic of the three. The second experiment examines whether quasicrystals of metamaterials are possible. Quasicrystals, discovered in the 1980's, possess so-called forbidden symmetries according to the conventional crystallography. The proposed experiment could answer many fundamental questions about structural, thermal and dynamical properties of quasicrystals. And finally, how to use nanoparticle coated microparticles to synthesize very long carbon nanotubes is also described. All of the experiments can fit inside a standard International Space Station locker with dimensions of 8-inch x 17-inch X 18-inch. Microgravity environment is deemed essential in particular for large 3D structures and very long carbon nanotube synthesis.

Effect of Recrystallization and Natural Aging on Mechanical Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc Alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yu, Min Kyu; Hong, Soon Hyung; Kwon, Oh Yeol; Lee, Yong Yeon

2015-01-01

In this study, the recrystallization volume fraction of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc alloy after solid solution heat treatment varied with different temperatures (445℃ - 465℃). The highest elongation of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc alloy was obtained at 465℃. Further, the hardness and strength of the solid solution heat treated Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc alloy increased at room temperature due to G.P zone precipitates. The results confirmed that we can obtain advanced mechanical properties for the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc alloy from solid solution heat treatment and natural aging.

Preparation of Zn(BH4)2 and diborane and hydrogen release properties of Zn(BH4)2+xMgH2 (x=1, 5, 10, and 15)

Science.gov (United States)

Kwak, Young Jun; Kwon, Sung Nam; Song, Myoung Youp

2015-09-01

Zn(BH4)2 was prepared by milling ZnCl2 and NaBH4 in a planetary ball mill under Ar atmosphere, and Zn(BH4)2+xMgH2 (x=1, 5, 10, and 15) samples were prepared. Diborane (B2H6) and hydrogen release characteristics of the Zn(BH4)2 and Zn(BH4)2+xMgH2 samples were studied. The samples synthesized by milling ZnCl2 and NaBH4 contained Zn(BH4)2 and NaCl, together with small amounts of ZnCl2 and NaBH4. We designated these samples as Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl). The weight loss up to 400 °C of the Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl) sample synthesized by milling 4 h was 11.2 wt%. FT-IR analysis showed that Zn(BH4)2 was formed in the Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl) samples. MgH2 was also milled in a planetary ball mill, and mixed with the Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl) synthesized by milling for 4 h in a mortar and pestle. The weight loss up to 400 °C of Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl)+MgH2 was 8.2 wt%, corresponding to the weight % of diborane and hydrogen released from the Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl)+MgH2 sample, with respect to the sample weight. DTA results of Zn(BH4)2(+NaCl)+xMgH2 showed that the decomposition peak of Zn(BH4)2 was at about 61 °C, and that of MgH2 was at about 370-389 °C.

Bidirectional electroluminescence from p-SnO{sub 2}/i-MgZnO/n-ZnO heterojunction light-emitting diodes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Yanqin [School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Textile Industrial Chain Generic Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073 (China); Li, Songzhan, E-mail: liszhan@whu.edu.cn [School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Textile Industrial Chain Generic Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073 (China); Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China); Liu, Feng; Zhang, Nangang; Liu, Kan [School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Textile Industrial Chain Generic Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073 (China); Wang, Shengxiang, E-mail: sxwang@wtu.edu.cn [School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Textile Industrial Chain Generic Technology, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073 (China); Fang, Guojia [Key Lab of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of Ministry of Education of China, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072 (China)

2017-06-15

Light-emitting diodes based on p-SnO{sub 2}/i-MgZnO/n-ZnO heterojunction have been fabricated. The material properties and the performance of heterojunction device are characterized. Current-voltage characteristics of the device show a diode-like rectifying behavior. Under forward bias, two prominent emission peaks located at 589 nm and 722 nm in the visible region and a weak ultraviolet emission are observed from p-SnO{sub 2}/i-MgZnO/n-ZnO heterojunction device. As the device is under reverse bias, a broad visible emission band dominates the electroluminescence spectrum at a high current. Furthermore, the emission mechanism has been discussed in terms of energy band structures of the device under forward and reverse biases.

Molecular beam epitaxial growth and characterization of zinc-blende ZnMgSe on InP (001)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sohel, Mohammad; Munoz, Martin; Tamargo, Maria C.

2004-01-01

High crystalline quality zinc-blende structure Zn (1-x) Mg x Se epitaxial layers were grown on InP (001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Their band gap energies were determined as a function of Mg concentration and a linear dependence was observed. The band gap of the Zn (1-x) Mg x Se closely lattice matched to InP was found to be 3.59 eV at 77 K and the extrapolated value for zinc-blende MgSe was determined to be 3.74 eV. Quantum wells of Zn (1-x) Cd x Se with Zn (1-x) Mg x Se as the barrier layer were grown which exhibit near ultraviolet emission

Adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by Mg-Al-Zn mingled oxides adsorbent.

Science.gov (United States)

El-Sayed, Mona; Eshaq, Gh; ElMetwally, A E

2016-10-01

In our study, Mg-Al-Zn mingled oxides were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The structure, composition, morphology and thermal stability of the synthesized Mg-Al-Zn mingled oxides were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, N 2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Batch experiments were performed to study the adsorption behavior of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) as a function of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and adsorbent dose. The maximum adsorption capacity of Mg-Al-Zn mingled oxides for cobalt and nickel metal ions was 116.7 mg g -1 , and 70.4 mg g -1 , respectively. The experimental data were analyzed using pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models in linear and nonlinear regression analysis. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Experimental equilibrium data were well represented by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Also, the maximum monolayer capacity, q max , obtained was 113.8 mg g -1 , and 79.4 mg g -1 for Co(II), and Ni(II), respectively. Our results showed that Mg-Al-Zn mingled oxides can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater samples.

Optical properties of ZnO/MgZnO quantum wells with graded thickness

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lv, X Q; Liu, W J; Hu, X L; Chen, M; Zhang, B P; Zhang, J Y

2011-01-01

The optical properties of ZnO/Mg 0.1 Zn 0.9 O single quantum wells with graded well width were studied using temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The ratio of emission intensity between the well and barrier layers was found to increase monotonically when the sample temperature was increased from 78 to 210 K, indicating an efficient carrier transfer from the barrier to the well. The emission peak of the Mg 0.1 Zn 0.9 O barrier exhibited a blueshift first and then a redshift with increasing temperature, which was attributed to the repopulation of localized carriers in energy-tail states induced by alloy composition fluctuations. Such an anomalous temperature dependence of PL energy contributed to the carrier transfer. On the other hand, the emission from the well layer exhibited a transition behaviour from localized to free excitons with increasing temperature. A further analysis of the temperature-dependent emission peaks of different well widths revealed that the localization energy of excitons was related to the potential variation induced mainly by well width fluctuations. Moreover, by comparing experimental results with calculation, the separation between the quantum confinement regime and quantum-confined Stark regime was found to occur at a well width of about 3 nm.

Ultrafast intramolecular relaxation dynamics of Mg- and Zn-bacteriochlorophyll a

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kosumi, Daisuke [Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 (Japan); CREST/JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Nakagawa, Katsunori; Sakai, Shunsuke [Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555 (Japan); Nagaoka, Yuya; Maruta, Satoshi; Sugisaki, Mitsuru [CREST/JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 (Japan); Dewa, Takehisa [Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555 (Japan); PRESTO/JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Nango, Mamoru [The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 (Japan); CREST/JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555 (Japan); Hashimoto, Hideki [The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 (Japan); CREST/JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 (Japan)

2013-07-21

Ultrafast excited-state dynamics of the photosynthetic pigment (Mg-)bacteriochlorophyll a and its Zn-substituted form were investigated by steady-state absorption/fluorescence and femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopic measurements. The obtained steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra of bacteriochlorophyll a in solution showed that the central metal compound significantly affects the energy of the Q{sub x} state, but has almost no effect on the Q{sub y} state. Photo-induced absorption spectra were recorded upon excitation of Mg- and Zn-bacteriochlorophyll a into either their Q{sub x} or Q{sub y} state. By comparing the kinetic traces of transient absorption, ground-state beaching, and stimulated emission after excitation to the Q{sub x} or Q{sub y} state, we showed that the Q{sub x} state was substantially incorporated in the ultrafast excited-state dynamics of bacteriochlorophyll a. Based on these observations, the lifetime of the Q{sub x} state was determined to be 50 and 70 fs for Mg- and Zn-bacteriochlorophyll a, respectively, indicating that the lifetime was influenced by the central metal atom due to the change of the energy gap between the Q{sub x} and Q{sub y} states.

Assessment of CaSO{sub 4}:Dy and LiF:Mg,Ti thermoluminescent dosimeters performance in the dosimetry of clinical electron beams; Avaliacao do desempenho dos detectores termoluminesncetes de CaSO{sub 4}:Dy e LiF:Mg,Ti na dosimetria de feixes clinicos de eletrons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nunes, Maira Goes

2008-07-01

The assessment of the performance of CaS0{sub 4}:Dy thermoluminescent detectors produced by IPEN in the dosimetry of clinical electron beams aims to propose an alternative to the LiF:Mg,Ti commercial dosimeters (TLD-100) largely applied in radiation therapy. The two types of thermoluminescent dosimeters were characterised with the use of PMMA, RMI-457 type solid water and water phantoms in radiation fields of 4, 6, 9, 12 and 16 MeV electrons of nominal energies in which the dose-response curves were obtained and the surface and depth doses were determined. The thermoluminescent response dependency with the electron nominal energies and the applied phantom were studied. The CaS0{sub 4}:Dy presented the same behaviour than the LiF:Mg,Ti in such a way that its application as an alternative to the TLD-100 pellets in the radiation therapy dosimetry of electron beams is viable and presents the significantly higher sensitivity to the electron radiation as its main advantage. (author)

Multifunctions of dual Zn/Mg ion co-implanted titanium on osteogenesis, angiogenesis and bacteria inhibition for dental implants.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Yiqiang; Jin, Guodong; Xue, Yang; Wang, Donghui; Liu, Xuanyong; Sun, Jiao

2017-02-01

In order to improve the osseointegration and long-term survival of dental implants, it is urgent to develop a multifunctional titanium surface which would simultaneously have osteogeneic, angiogeneic and antibacterial properties. In this study, a potential dental implant material-dual Zn/Mg ion co-implanted titanium (Zn/Mg-PIII) was developed via plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). The Zn/Mg-PIII surfaces were found to promote initial adhesion and spreading of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) via the upregulation of the gene expression of integrin α1 and integrin β1. More importantly, it was revealed that Zn/Mg-PIII could increase Zn 2+ and Mg 2+ concentrations in rBMSCs by promoting the influx of Zn 2+ and Mg 2+ and inhibiting the outflow of Zn 2+ , and then could enhance the transcription of Runx2 and the expression of ALP and OCN. Meanwhile, Mg 2+ ions from Zn/Mg-PIII increased Mg 2+ influx by upregulating the expression of MagT1 transporter in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and then stimulated the transcription of VEGF and KDR via activation of hypoxia inducing factor (HIF)-1α, thus inducing angiogenesis. In addition to this, it was discovered that zinc in Zn/Mg-PIII had certain inhibitory effects on oral anaerobic bacteria (Pg, Fn and Sm). Finally, the Zn/Mg-PIII implants were implanted in rabbit femurs for 4 and 12weeks with Zn-PIII, Mg-PIII and pure titanium as controls. Micro-CT evaluation, sequential fluorescent labeling, histological analysis and push-out test consistently demonstrated that Zn/Mg-PIII implants exhibit superior capacities for enhancing bone formation, angiogenesis and osseointegration, while consequently increasing the bonding strength at bone-implant interfaces. All these results suggest that due to the multiple functions co-produced by zinc and magnesium, rapid osseointegration and sustained biomechanical stability are enhanced by the novel Zn/Mg-PIII implants, which have the potential

Effect of lattice disorder on the thermal conductivity of ZnBeSe, ZnMgSe and ZnBeMgSe crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Strzałkowski, K.

2015-01-01

Zn 1−x−y Be x Mg y Se mixed crystals investigated in this work were grown from the melt by the high pressure high temperature modified Bridgman method in the range of composition 0 < x,y < 0.33. Photopyroelectric (PPE) calorimetry in the back (BPPE) and front (FPPE) configuration was applied for thermal investigation of solid samples. The thermal diffusivity and effusivity of investigated crystals were derived from the experimental data. Since dynamic thermal parameters are connected with each other, thermal conductivity of the specimens was calculated from theoretical dependencies between them. The influence of the beryllium (x) and magnesium (y) content on thermal properties of these crystals have been presented and discussed. Order-disorder effects observed for these materials previously have been also taken into account. Finally, thermal diagrams, i.e. thermal conductivity versus composition were presented and discussed applying model given by Sadao Adachi. - Highlights: • Investigated II–VI crystals were obtained by a high pressure modified Bridgman method. • A complete thermal characterization of Zn 1−x−y Be x Mg y Se semiconductors was carried out. • The effect of lattice disorder on thermal properties was presented and discussed. • Obtained data were analyzed applying lattice thermal conductivity model. • Contribution to thermal resistivity arising from lattice disorder was calculated

Internal electric fields due to piezoelectric and spontaneous polarizations in CdZnO/MgZnO quantum well with various applied electric field effects

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeon, H.C.; Lee, S.J.; Kang, T.W.; Park, S.H.

2012-01-01

The strain-induced piezoelectric polarization and the spontaneous polarization can be reduced effectively using the applied electric field in the CdZnO/ZnMgO quantum well (QW) structure with high Cd composition. That is, optical properties as a function of internal and external fields in the CdZnO/ZnMgO QW with various applied electric field result in the increased optical gain due to the fact that the QW potential profile is flattened as a result of the compensation of the internal field by the reverse field as confirmed. These results demonstrate that a high-performance optical device operation can be realized in CdZnO/MgZnO QW structures by reducing the droop phenomenon.

Internal electric fields due to piezoelectric and spontaneous polarizations in CdZnO/MgZnO quantum well with various applied electric field effects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeon, H.C. [Quantum-functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, S.J., E-mail: leesj@dongguk.edu [Quantum-functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715 (Korea, Republic of); Kang, T.W. [Quantum-functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715 (Korea, Republic of); Park, S.H. [Department of Electronics Engineering, Catholic University of Daegu, Kyeongbuk 712-702 (Korea, Republic of)

2012-05-15

The strain-induced piezoelectric polarization and the spontaneous polarization can be reduced effectively using the applied electric field in the CdZnO/ZnMgO quantum well (QW) structure with high Cd composition. That is, optical properties as a function of internal and external fields in the CdZnO/ZnMgO QW with various applied electric field result in the increased optical gain due to the fact that the QW potential profile is flattened as a result of the compensation of the internal field by the reverse field as confirmed. These results demonstrate that a high-performance optical device operation can be realized in CdZnO/MgZnO QW structures by reducing the droop phenomenon.

Stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Song, R.G.; Dietzel, W.; Zhang, B.J.; Liu, W.J.; Tseng, M.K.; Atrens, A.

2004-01-01

The age hardening, stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu 7175 alloy were investigated experimentally. There were two peak-aged states during ageing. For ageing at 413 K, the strength of the second peak-aged state was slightly higher than that of the first one, whereas the SCC susceptibility was lower, indicating that it is possible to heat treat 7175 to high strength and simultaneously to have high SCC resistance. The SCC susceptibility increased with increasing Mg segregation at the grain boundaries. Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) increased with increased hydrogen charging and decreased with increasing ageing time for the same hydrogen charging conditions. Computer simulations were carried out of (a) the Mg grain boundary segregation using the embedded atom method and (b) the effect of Mg and H segregation on the grain boundary strength using a quasi-chemical approach. The simulations showed that (a) Mg grain boundary segregation in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys is spontaneous, (b) Mg segregation decreases the grain boundary strength, and (c) H embrittles the grain boundary more seriously than does Mg. Therefore, the SCC mechanism of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys is attributed to the combination of HE and Mg segregation induced grain boundary embrittlement

Luminescent and structural properties of Zn_xMg_1_-_xWO_4 mixed crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krutyak, N.; Nagirnyi, V.; Spassky, D.; Tupitsyna, I.; Dubovik, A.; Belsky, A.

2016-01-01

The structural and luminescent properties of perspective scintillating Zn_xMg_1_-_xWO_4 mixed crystals were studied. The following characteristics were found to depend linearly on x value: the energy of several vibrational modes detected by Raman spectroscopy, the bandgap width deduced from the shift of the excitation spectrum onset of a self-trapped exciton (STE) emission, the position of thermally stimulated luminescence peaks. It is also shown that the thermal stability of the STE luminescence decreases gradually when x decreases. These data indicate that each Zn_xMg_1_-_xWO_4 mixed crystal is not a mixture of two constituents, but possesses its original crystalline structure, as well as optical and luminescent properties. - Highlights: • The structural and luminescent properties of Zn_xMg_1_-_xWO_4 were studied. • The energy of Raman modes, the bandgap width, TSL peak position linearly depend on x. • Each Zn_xMg_1_-_xWO_4 possesses its original crystalline structure.

Enhanced luminescent properties of long-persistent Sr{sub 2}MgSi{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sup 2+}, Dy{sup 3+} phosphor prepared by the co-precipitation method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pan Wen [State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Zhongshan Road 158-43, Dalian Liaoning 116012 (China); Ning Guiling [State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Zhongshan Road 158-43, Dalian Liaoning 116012 (China)], E-mail: ninggl@dlut.edu.cn; Zhang Xu; Wang Jing; Lin Yuan; Ye Junwei [State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Zhongshan Road 158-43, Dalian Liaoning 116012 (China)

2008-12-15

Sr{sub 2}MgSi{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sup 2+}, Dy{sup 3+} phosphors were prepared by the (aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) co-precipitation method. Effects of synthesis temperature on the crystal characteristics, luminescent properties and afterglow performance of Sr{sub 2}MgSi{sub 2}O{sub 7}:Eu{sup 2+}, Dy{sup 3+} phosphors have been discussed in detail and compared with the corresponding commercial product. The experimental results indicated that the sample could be synthesized at a relatively lower temperature and had better performance on the above-mentioned properties using the co-precipitation method.

Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion properties of Mg-Si(-Ca, Zn) alloy for biomedical application.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Erlin; Yang, Lei; Xu, Jianwei; Chen, Haiyan

2010-05-01

Mg-Si alloy was investigated for biomedical application due to the biological function of Si in the human body. However, Mg-Si alloy showed a low ductility due to the presence of coarse Mg(2)Si. Ca and Zn elements were used to refine and modify the morphology of Mg(2)Si in order to improve the corrosion resistance and the mechanical properties. The cell toxicity of Mg, Zn and Ca metals was assessed by an MTT test. The test results indicated that increasing the concentrations of Mg, Zn and Ca ions did not cause cell toxicity, which showed that the release of these three elements would not lead to cell toxicity. Then, microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion properties of as-cast Mg-Si(-Ca, Zn) alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, mechanical properties testing and electrochemical measurement. Ca element can slightly refine the grain size and the morphology Mg(2)Si phase in Mg-Si alloy. The bio-corrosion resistance of Mg-Si alloys was improved by the addition of Ca due to the reduction and refinement of Mg(2)Si phase; however, no improvement was observed in the strength and elongation. The addition of 1.6% Zn to Mg-0.6Si can modify obviously the morphology of Mg(2)Si phase from course eutectic structure to a small dot or short bar shape. As a result, tensile strength, elongation and bio-corrosion resistance were all improved significantly; especially, the elongation improved by 115.7%. It was concluded that Zn element was one of the best alloying elements of Mg-Si alloy for biomedical application. Copyright (c) 2009 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Analysis of high-n dielectronic Rydberg satellites in the spectra of Na-like Zn XX and Mg-like Zn XIX

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fournier, K.B.; Faenov, A.Ya.; Pikuz, T.A.; Magunov, A.I.; Skobelev, I.Yu.; Flora, F.; Bollanti, S.; Di Lazzaro, P.; Murra, D.; Belyaev, V.S.; Vinogradov, V.I.; Kyrilov, A.S.; Matafonov, A.P.; Francucci, M.; Martellucci, S.; Petrocelli, G.

2004-01-01

We have observed spectra from highly charged zinc ions in a variety of laser-produced plasmas. Spectral features that are Na- and Mg-like satellites to high-n Rydberg transitions in the Ne-like Zn XXI spectrum are analyzed and modeled. Identifications and analysis are made by comparison with highly accurate atomic structure calculations and steady state collisional-radiative models. Each observed Zn XX and Zn XIX feature comprises up to ≅2 dozen individual transitions, these transitions are excited principally by dielectronic recombination through autoionizing levels in Na- and Mg-like Zn 19+ and Zn 18+ . We find these satellites to be ubiquitous in laser-produced plasmas formed by lasers with pulse lengths that span four orders of magnitude, from 1 ps to ≅10 ns. The diagnostic potential of these Rydberg satellite lines is demonstrated

Quasicrystals and Quantum Computing

Science.gov (United States)

Berezin, Alexander A.

1997-03-01

In Quantum (Q) Computing qubits form Q-superpositions for macroscopic times. One scheme for ultra-fast (Q) computing can be based on quasicrystals. Ultrafast processing in Q-coherent structures (and the very existence of durable Q-superpositions) may be 'consequence' of presence of entire manifold of integer arithmetic (A0, aleph-naught of Georg Cantor) at any 4-point of space-time, furthermore, at any point of any multidimensional phase space of (any) N-particle Q-system. The latter, apart from quasicrystals, can include dispersed and/or diluted systems (Berezin, 1994). In such systems such alleged centrepieces of Q-Computing as ability for fast factorization of long integers can be processed by sheer virtue of the fact that entire infinite pattern of prime numbers is instantaneously available as 'free lunch' at any instant/point. Infinitely rich pattern of A0 (including pattern of primes and almost primes) acts as 'independent' physical effect which directly generates Q-dynamics (and physical world) 'out of nothing'. Thus Q-nonlocality can be ultimately based on instantaneous interconnectedness through ever- the-same structure of A0 ('Platonic field' of integers).

Mott transition in Ga-doped Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O: A direct observation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wei Wei; Nori, Sudhakar [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States); Jin Chunming [Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115 (United States); Narayan, Jagdish [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States); Narayan, Roger J., E-mail: roger_narayan@unc.edu [Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7115, Raleigh, NC 27695-7115 (United States); Ponarin, Dmtri; Smirnov, Alex [Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (United States)

2010-07-25

This paper reports the direct evidence for Mott transition in Ga-doped Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O thin films. Highly transparent Ga-doped Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O thin films were grown on c-plane sapphire substrates using pulsed laser deposition. 0.1 at.%, 0.5 at.% and 1 at.% Ga-doped Mg{sub 0.1}Zn{sub 0.9}O films were selected for resistivity measurements in the temperature range from 250 K to 40 mK. The 0.1 at.% Ga-doped Mg{sub 0.1}Zn{sub 0.9}O thin film showed typical insulator-like behavior and the 1 at.% Ga-doped Mg{sub 0.1}Zn{sub 0.9}O thin film showed typical metal-like behavior. The 0.5 at.% Ga-doped Mg{sub 0.1}Zn{sub 0.9}O film showed increasing resistivity with decreasing temperature; resistivity was saturated with a value of 1.15 x 10{sup -2} {Omega} cm at 40 mK, which is characteristic of the metal-insulator transition region. Temperature-dependent conductivity {sigma}(T) in the low temperature range revealed that the electron-electron scattering is the dominant dephasing mechanism. The inelastic scattering time is found to vary as T{sup -3/2}.

Enhanced Performance of Mg0.1Zn0.9O UV Photodetectors Using Photoelectrochemical Treatment and Silica Nanospheres

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hsin-Ying Lee

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The Mg0.1Zn0.9O films were grown using atomic layer deposition (ALD system and applied to metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet photodetectors (MSM-UPDs as an active layer. To suppress the dangling bonds on the Mg0.1Zn0.9O surface, the photoelectrochemical (PEC treatment was used to passivate the Mg0.1Zn0.9O surface, which could reduce the dark current of the MSM-UPDs about one order. Beside, to increase more incident light into the Mg0.1Zn0.9O active layer of the MSM-UPDs, the 500-nm-diameter silica nanospheres were spin-coated on the Mg0.1Zn0.9O active layer to improve the antireflection capability at the wavelength of 340 nm. The reflectivity of the Mg0.1Zn0.9O films with silica nanospheres antireflection layer decreased about 7.0% in comparison with the Mg0.1Zn0.9O films without silica nanospheres. The photocurrent and UV-visible ratio of the passivated Mg0.1Zn0.9O MSM-UPDs with antireflection layer were enhanced to 5.85 μA and 1.44×104, respectively, at the bias voltage of 5 V. Moreover, the noise equivalent power and the specific detectivity of the passivated Mg0.1Zn0.9O MSM-UPDs with antireflection layer were decreased to 2.60×10-13 W and increased to 1.21×1012 cmHz1/2W−1, respectively, at the bias voltage of 5 V. According to the above mentions, the PEC treatment and silica nanospheres antireflection layer could effectively enhance the performance of Mg0.1Zn0.9O MSM-UPDs.

Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermodynamic Predictions—A Comparative Study of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gernot K.-H. Kolb

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys are widely used in aircraft applications because of their superior mechanical properties and strength/weight ratios. Commercial Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys have been intensively studied over the last few decades. However, well-considered thermodynamic calculations, via the CALPHAD approach, on a variation of alloying elements can guide the fine-tuning of known alloy systems and the development of optimized heat treatments. In this study, a comparison was made of the solidus temperatures of different Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys determined from thermodynamic predictions and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC measurements. A variation of the main alloying elements Zn, Mg, and Cu generated 38 experimentally produced alloys. An experimental determination of the solidus temperature via DSC was carried out according to a user-defined method, because the broad melting interval present in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys does not allow the use of the classical onset method for pure substances. The software algorithms implemented in FactSage®, Pandat™, and MatCalc with corresponding commercially available databases were deployed for thermodynamic predictions. Based on these investigations, the predictive power of the commercially available CALPHAD databases and software packages was critically reviewed.

Studying the properties of photonic quasi-crystals by the scaling convergence method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ho, I-Lin; Ng, Ming-Yaw; Mai, Chien Chin; Ko, Peng Yu; Chang, Yia-Chung

2013-01-01

This work introduces the iterative scaling (or inflation) method to systematically approach and analyse the infinite structure of quasi-crystals. The resulting structures preserve local geometric orderings in order to prevent artificial disclination across the boundaries of super-cells, with realistic quasi-crystals coming out under high iteration (infinite super-cell). The method provides an easy way for decorations of quasi-crystalline lattices, and for compact reliefs with a quasi-periodic arrangement to underlying applications. Numerical examples for in-plane and off-plane properties of square-triangle quasi-crystals show fast convergence during iteratively geometric scaling, revealing characteristics that do not appear on regular crystals. (paper)

Phonon-assisted exciton formation in ZnO/(Zn, Mg)O single quantum wells grown on C-plane oriented substrates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Béaur, L.; Bretagnon, T.; Guillet, T.; Brimont, C.; Gallart, M.; Gil, B.; Gilliot, P.; Morhain, C.

2013-01-01

We report on absorption phenomena in ZnO/(Zn, Mg)O quantum wells grown along the c-axis by molecular beam epitaxy. The optical properties of such quantum wells are affected by a huge internal electric field. For wide quantum wells the absorption is driven by Quantum Confined Stark Effect. Phonon-assisted formation of excitons is observed in the case of thin quantum wells. The physical origin of these hot excitons is determined by using both low temperature (T=10 K) photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy and reflectivity measurements. -- Highlights: ► High structural quality ZnO/(Zn, Mg)O quantum wells are growth along the polar c-direction. ► Indirect phonon-assisted formation of excitons in the thin single quantum wells. ► Strong internal electric field present in polar heterostructures prevents the observation of hot excitons

Synthesis and Characterization of Mg-doped ZnO Nanorods for Biomedical Applications

Science.gov (United States)

Gemar, H.; Das, N. C.; Wanekaya, A.; Delong, R.; Ghosh, K.

2013-03-01

Nanomaterials research has become a major attraction in the field of advanced materials research in the area of Physics, Chemistry, and Materials Science. Bio-compatible and chemically stable metal nanoparticles have biomedical applications that includes drug delivery, cell and DNA separation, gene cloning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This research is aimed at the fabrication and characterization of Mg-doped ZnO nanorods. Hydrothermal synthesis of undoped ZnO and Mg-doped ZnO nanorods is carried out using aqueous solutions of Zn(NO3)2 .6H2O, MgSO4, and using NH4OH as hydrolytic catalyst. Nanomaterials of different sizes and shapes were synthesized by varying the process parameters such as molarity (0.15M, 0.3M, 0.5M) and pH (8-11) of the precursors, growth temperature (130°C), and annealing time during the hydrothermal Process. Structural, morphological, and optical properties are studied using various techniques such as XRD, SEM, UV-vis and PL spectroscopy. Detailed structural, and optical properties will be discussed in this presentation. This work is partially supported by National Cancer Institute (1 R15 CA139390-01).

Band gap tuning of ZnO nanoparticles via Mg doping by femtosecond laser ablation in liquid environment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chelnokov, E.; Rivoal, M.; Colignon, Y.; Gachet, D.; Bekere, L.; Thibaudau, F.; Giorgio, S.; Khodorkovsky, V.; Marine, W.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Femtosecond laser ablation synthesis of Mg doped ZnO nanoparticles. ► Electronic properties of ZnO are modified by Mg. ► Band gap and exciton energy shifts to the blue. ► The exciton energy shift is saturated at Mg content of about 20%. ► Phase separation at Mg content is at more than 25%. ► Mechanism of exciton pinning – recombination via new surface states. - Abstract: We use multiphoton IR femtosecond laser ablation to induce non-thermal non-equilibrium conditions of the nanoparticle growth in liquids. Modifications of the electronic properties of ZnO NP were achieved by Mg ion doping of targets prepared from mixtures of Zn and Mg acetylacetonates. The nanoparticle sizes were 3–20 nm depending on the ablation conditions. X-ray fluorescence indicates that stoichiometric ablation and incorporation of Mg in nanocrystalline ZnO occurs. HRTEM observations show that nanoparticles retain their wurtzite structure, while at high Mg concentrations we detect the MgO rich domains. Exciton emissions exhibit relatively narrow bands with progressive and controlled blue shifts up to 184 meV. The exciton energy correlates to band edge absorption indicating strong modification of the NP band gaps. Stabilisation of the exciton blue shift is observed at high Mg concentration. It is accompanied by the formation of structure defects and ZnO/MgO phase separation within the nanoparticles.

Effects of magnesium contents in ZnMgO ternary alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hu, Sheng-Yao, E-mail: shenghu2729@yahoo.com [Department of Digital Technology Design, Tungfang Design Institute, Hunei, Kaohsiung 82941, Taiwan (China); Chou, Wu-Ching [Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan (China); Weng, Yu-Hsiang [Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan (China)

2015-07-05

Highlights: • ZnMgO alloys with different Mg contents have been produced by MBE. • Optical and structural properties have been measured and investigated. • Stress is tensile and is increased as the increasing of Mg contents. • The asymmetric behavior of the Raman mode was influenced due to the Mg contents. - Abstract: Ternary alloys of ZnMgO samples with different magnesium contents have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on the sapphire substrates. Room temperature photoluminescence energy of ZnMgO shifted as high as 3.677 eV by increasing Mg contents corresponding to the higher Urbach average localization energy which indicates more randomness in the alloys with higher Mg contents. XRD results are also verified that the c-axis length decreases as the increasing Mg contents linking to the increased tensile stress produced by the Mg atoms. Raman spectra analyzed by the spatial correlation model to describe that the linewidth Γ is decreased but the correlation length L is increased as the increasing of Mg contents.

Effects of magnesium contents in ZnMgO ternary alloys grown by molecular beam epitaxy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu, Sheng-Yao; Chou, Wu-Ching; Weng, Yu-Hsiang

2015-01-01

Highlights: • ZnMgO alloys with different Mg contents have been produced by MBE. • Optical and structural properties have been measured and investigated. • Stress is tensile and is increased as the increasing of Mg contents. • The asymmetric behavior of the Raman mode was influenced due to the Mg contents. - Abstract: Ternary alloys of ZnMgO samples with different magnesium contents have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on the sapphire substrates. Room temperature photoluminescence energy of ZnMgO shifted as high as 3.677 eV by increasing Mg contents corresponding to the higher Urbach average localization energy which indicates more randomness in the alloys with higher Mg contents. XRD results are also verified that the c-axis length decreases as the increasing Mg contents linking to the increased tensile stress produced by the Mg atoms. Raman spectra analyzed by the spatial correlation model to describe that the linewidth Γ is decreased but the correlation length L is increased as the increasing of Mg contents

Simultaneous Co-deposition of Zn-Mg Alloy Layers on Steel Strip by PVD Process

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Tae Yeob [POSCO Technical Research Laboratories, Gwangyang (Korea, Republic of); Goodenough, Mark [Strategic Marketing, Tata Steel, Warwickshire (United Kingdom)

2011-12-15

This is the first release of an interim report on the development of coating technology of Zn-Mg alloy layers on steel strip by EML-PVD (electromagnetic levitation - physical vapor deposition) process in an air-to-air type continuous PVD pilot plant. It intends to introduce a basic principle of the EML-PVD process together with the high speed PVD pilot plant built in Posco. Due to the agitation effect provided by the high frequency induction coil, simultaneous evaporation of Zn and Mg from a droplet could produce alloy coating layers with Mg content of 6% to 12% depending on the composition of the droplet inside the coil. For its superior corrosion resistance, Zn-Mg alloy coated steel would be a very promising material for automotive, electrical appliances, and construction applications.

Simultaneous Co-deposition of Zn-Mg Alloy Layers on Steel Strip by PVD Process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Tae Yeob; Goodenough, Mark

2011-01-01

This is the first release of an interim report on the development of coating technology of Zn-Mg alloy layers on steel strip by EML-PVD (electromagnetic levitation - physical vapor deposition) process in an air-to-air type continuous PVD pilot plant. It intends to introduce a basic principle of the EML-PVD process together with the high speed PVD pilot plant built in Posco. Due to the agitation effect provided by the high frequency induction coil, simultaneous evaporation of Zn and Mg from a droplet could produce alloy coating layers with Mg content of 6% to 12% depending on the composition of the droplet inside the coil. For its superior corrosion resistance, Zn-Mg alloy coated steel would be a very promising material for automotive, electrical appliances, and construction applications

Corrosion behaviour of powder metallurgical and cast Al-Zn-Mg base alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sameljuk, A.V.; Neikov, O.D.; Krajnikov, A.V.; Milman, Yu.V.; Thompson, G.E.

2004-01-01

The behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg base alloys produced by powder metallurgy and casting has been studied using potentiodynamic polarisation in 0.3% and 3% NaCl solutions. The influence of alloy production route on microstructure has been examined by scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. An improvement in performance of powder metallurgy (PM) materials, compared with the cast alloy, was evident in solutions of low chloride concentration; less striking differences were revealed in high chloride concentration. Both powder metallurgy and cast alloys show two main types of precipitates, which were identified as Zn-Mg and Zr-Sc base intermetallic phases. The microstructure of the PM alloys is refined compared with the cast material, which assists understanding of the corrosion performance. The corrosion process commences with dissolution of the Zn-Mg base phases, with the relatively coarse phases present in the cast alloy showing ready development of corrosion

Effect of substrate on texture and mechanical properties of Mg-Cu-Zn thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Eshaghi, F.; Zolanvari, A.

2018-04-01

In this work, thin films of Mg-Cu-Zn with 60 nm thicknesses have been deposited on the Si(100), Al, stainless steel, and Cu substrates using DC magnetron sputtering. FESEM images displayed uniformity of Mg-Cu-Zn particles on the different substrates. AFM micrograph revealed the roughness of thin film changes due to the different kinds of the substrates. XRD measurements showed the existence of strong Mg (002) reflections and weak Mg (101) peaks. Residual stress and adhesion force have been measured as the mechanical properties of the Mg-Cu-Zn thin films. The residual stresses of thin films which have been investigated by X-ray diffraction method revealed that the thin films sputtered on the Si and Cu substrates endure minimum and maximum stresses, respectively, during the deposition process. However, the force spectroscopy analysis indicated that the films grew on the Si and Cu experienced maximum and minimum adhesion force. The texture analysis has been done using XRD instrument to make pole figures of Mg (002) and Mg (101) reflections. ODFs have been calculated to evaluate the distribution of the orientations within the thin films. It was found that the texture and stress have an inverse relation, while the texture and the adhesion force of the Mg-Cu-Zn thin films have direct relation. A thin film that sustains the lowest residual stresses and highest adhesive force had the strongest {001} basal fiber texture.

Mechanical and corrosion properties of binary Mg–Dy alloys for medical applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Lei; Huang Yuanding; Peng Qiuming; Feyerabend, Frank; Kainer, Karl Ulrich; Willumeit, Regine; Hort, Norbert

2011-01-01

Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of binary magnesium–dysprosium (Mg-5, 10, 15, 20 wt.% Dy) alloys were investigated for medical applications. In the as-cast condition, the distribution of Dy is quite inhomogeneous. Mg–10Dy alloy exhibits a moderate tensile and compression yield strength, and the best elongation and corrosion resistance. After T4 (solutionizing) treatment, the distribution of Dy becomes homogeneous. The tensile and compression yield strength of all Mg–Dy alloys decreases. The elongation remains unchanged, while the corrosion resistance is largely improved after T4 treatment.

Surfaces of Intermetallics: Quasicrystals and Beyond

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yuen, Chad [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2012-01-01

The goal of this work is to characterize surfaces of intermetallics, including quasicrystals. In this work, surface characterization is primarily focused on composition and structure using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) performed under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions.

Interaction between infinitely many dislocations and a semi-infinite crack in one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Guan-Ting; Yang Li-Ying

2017-01-01

By means of analytic function theory, the problems of interaction between infinitely many parallel dislocations and a semi-infinite crack in one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal are studied. The analytic solutions of stress fields of the interaction between infinitely many parallel dislocations and a semi-infinite crack in one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal are obtained. They indicate that the stress concentration occurs at the dislocation source and the tip of the crack, and the value of the stress increases with the number of the dislocations increasing. These results are the development of interaction among the finitely many defects of quasicrystals, which possesses an important reference value for studying the interaction problems of infinitely many defects in fracture mechanics of quasicrystal. (paper)

Mg-doped ZnO thin films deposited by the atomic layer chemical vapor deposition for the buffer layer of CIGS solar cell

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Zhao-Hui [Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Soojung-gu, Seongnam city 461-701, Gyunggi-do (Korea, Republic of); Center for Photovoltaic and Solar Energy, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen city 518055 (China); Cho, Eou-Sik [Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Soojung-gu, Seongnam city 461-701, Gyunggi-do (Korea, Republic of); Kwon, Sang Jik, E-mail: sjkwon@gachon.ac.kr [Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Soojung-gu, Seongnam city 461-701, Gyunggi-do (Korea, Republic of)

2014-09-30

Highlights: • Mg-doped ZnO film as CIGS buffer was prepared by ALD process. • The grain size of ZnO-like hexagonal phase decreased with Mg content. • The transmittance and crystallinity increased but the band gap decreased with temperature. - Abstract: Mg-doped ZnO [(Zn, Mg)O] thin films were prepared by atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD) process with different Mg content, using diethyl zinc, biscyclopentadienyl magnesium, and water as the metal and oxygen sources, respectively. The ratio of Mg to Zn was varied by changing the pulse ratio of MgCp{sub 2} to DEZn precursor to study its effect on the properties of (Zn, Mg)O thin films. From the experimental results, it was shown that the grain size of the ZnO-like hexagonal phase (Zn, Mg)O decreased as the Mg content increased. But the transmittance and optical band gap of (Zn, Mg)O films increased with the increase of the Mg content. In addition, the effect of the substrate temperature on the properties of (Zn, Mg)O films was also investigated. The deposition rate, transmittance, and crystallinity of (Zn, Mg)O films increased as the substrate temperature increased. But its band gap decreased slightly with the increase of substrate temperature.

Structure and stacking faults in layered Mg-Zn-Y alloys: A first-principles study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Datta, Aditi; Waghmare, U.V.; Ramamurty, U.

2008-01-01

We use first-principles density functional theory total energy calculations based on pseudo-potentials and plane-wave basis to assess stability of the periodic structures with different stacking sequences in Mg-Zn-Y alloys. For pure Mg, we find that the 6-layer (6l) structure with the ABACAB stacking is most stable after the lowest energy hcp (2l) structure with ABAB stacking. Addition of 2 at.% Y leads to stabilization of the structure to 6l sequence whereas the addition of 2 at.% Zn makes the 6l energetically comparable to that of the hcp. Stacking fault (SF) on the basal plane of 6l structure is higher in energy than that of the hcp 2l Mg, which further increases upon Y doping and decreases significantly with Zn doping. SF energy surface for the prismatic slip indicates activation of non-basal slip in alloys with a 6l structure. Charge density analysis shows that the 2l and 6l structures are electronically similar which might be a cause for better stability of 6l structure over a 4l sequence or other periodic structures. Thus, in an Mg-Zn-Y alloy, Y stabilizes the long periodicity, while its mechanical properties are further improved due to Zn doping

Decagonal quasicrystal plate with elliptic holes subjected to out-of-plane bending moments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Lian He, E-mail: nmglilianhe@163.com [College of Mathematics Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022 (China); College of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021 (China); Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Hohhot 010021 (China); Liu, Guan Ting [College of Mathematics Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022 (China)

2014-02-01

In the present paper, we consider only the ideal elastic behavior, neglecting the dissipation associated with the atomic rearrangements. Under these conditions, the decagonal quasicrystal plate bending problems have been discussed. The Stroh-like formalism for the bending theory of decagonal quasicrystal plate is developed. The analytical solutions for problems of decagonal quasicrystal plate with elliptic hole subjected to out-of-plane bending moments are obtained directly by using the forms. The resultant bending moments around the hole boundaries are also given explicitly. When the phonon–phason coupling is absent, the results reduce to the corresponding solutions for the isotropic elastic plates.

Effect of doping and annealing on the physical properties of ZnO:Mg ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

nescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission ... nanoparticles show unique, size-dependent optical properties due to the ..... Mg substitute into ZnO lattice at Zn sites, instead of forming impurity compound or mag-.

Multiple-scale structures: from Faraday waves to soft-matter quasicrystals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samuel Savitz

2018-05-01

Full Text Available For many years, quasicrystals were observed only as solid-state metallic alloys, yet current research is now actively exploring their formation in a variety of soft materials, including systems of macromolecules, nanoparticles and colloids. Much effort is being invested in understanding the thermodynamic properties of these soft-matter quasicrystals in order to predict and possibly control the structures that form, and hopefully to shed light on the broader yet unresolved general questions of quasicrystal formation and stability. Moreover, the ability to control the self-assembly of soft quasicrystals may contribute to the development of novel photonics or other applications based on self-assembled metamaterials. Here a path is followed, leading to quantitative stability predictions, that starts with a model developed two decades ago to treat the formation of multiple-scale quasiperiodic Faraday waves (standing wave patterns in vibrating fluid surfaces and which was later mapped onto systems of soft particles, interacting via multiple-scale pair potentials. The article reviews, and substantially expands, the quantitative predictions of these models, while correcting a few discrepancies in earlier calculations, and presents new analytical methods for treating the models. In so doing, a number of new stable quasicrystalline structures are found with octagonal, octadecagonal and higher-order symmetries, some of which may, it is hoped, be observed in future experiments.

Multiple-scale structures: from Faraday waves to soft-matter quasicrystals.

Science.gov (United States)

Savitz, Samuel; Babadi, Mehrtash; Lifshitz, Ron

2018-05-01

For many years, quasicrystals were observed only as solid-state metallic alloys, yet current research is now actively exploring their formation in a variety of soft materials, including systems of macromolecules, nanoparticles and colloids. Much effort is being invested in understanding the thermodynamic properties of these soft-matter quasicrystals in order to predict and possibly control the structures that form, and hopefully to shed light on the broader yet unresolved general questions of quasicrystal formation and stability. Moreover, the ability to control the self-assembly of soft quasicrystals may contribute to the development of novel photonics or other applications based on self-assembled metamaterials. Here a path is followed, leading to quantitative stability predictions, that starts with a model developed two decades ago to treat the formation of multiple-scale quasiperiodic Faraday waves (standing wave patterns in vibrating fluid surfaces) and which was later mapped onto systems of soft particles, interacting via multiple-scale pair potentials. The article reviews, and substantially expands, the quantitative predictions of these models, while correcting a few discrepancies in earlier calculations, and presents new analytical methods for treating the models. In so doing, a number of new stable quasicrystalline structures are found with octagonal, octadecagonal and higher-order symmetries, some of which may, it is hoped, be observed in future experiments.

Precipitation behavior and grain refinement of burnishing Al-Zn-Mg alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ce Pang

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Burnishing is a unique strengthening approach to improve the strength of surface layer and remains the ductility of the interior of metallic materials. In this work, burnishing treatment was employed to improve the surface microstructure of naturally aged Al-Zn-Mg alloys after solid solution. Transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nano-indentation were used to characterize the effects of the burnishing on the microstructures of surface layer and Guinier-Preston (GP zones. It was indicated that GP zones uniformly distributed and dispersed in the matrix before burnishing, and the amount of GP zones decreased dramatically after burnishing processing. Additionally, the grains in the surficial layer were refined into nano-crystals with an average grain size of 78 nm. Burnishing treatment not only led to formation of large number of dislocation substructures in the sub-surface and near-matrix surface, but also promoted the precipitation of metastable η' phase at grain boundaries. The synergistic effects of the grain refinement, dislocation multiplication and the precipitation of η' phase strengthen the burnished layer of Al-Zn-Mg alloy. Keywords: Al-Zn-Mg alloy, Burnishing, Nano-crystal, Precipitation, Grain refinement

Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion properties of Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca alloy for biomedical application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Erlin; Yang Lei

2008-01-01

Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion properties of as-cast Mg-Zn-Mn-Ca alloys were investigated for biomedical application in detail by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), mechanical properties testing and electrochemical measurement. SEM and optical microscopy observation indicated that the grain size of the as-cast alloys significantly decreased with the increasing of Ca content up to 0.5 wt.%. Further increasing of Ca content did not refine the grain more. The phase constitute was mainly controlled by the atomic ratio of Zn to Ca. When the ratio was more than 1.0-1.2, the alloy was mainly composed of primary Mg and lamellar eutectic (α-Mg + Ca 2 Mg 6 Zn 3 ), while the alloy was composed of primary Mg and divorced eutectic (α-Mg + Mg 2 Ca + Ca 2 Mg 6 Zn 3 ) when the atomic ratio was less than 1.0-1.2. The yield strength of the as-cast alloy increased but the elongation and the tensile strength increased first and then decreased with the increasing of Ca content. It was thought that Mg 2 Ca phase deteriorated the tensile strength and ductility. Electrochemical measurements indicated that Mg 2 Ca phase improved the corrosion resistance of the as-cast alloy

Microstructure and magnetic studies of Mg-Ni-Zn-Cu ferrites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bachhav, S.G.; Patil, R.S.; Ahirrao, P.B.; Patil, A.M.; Patil, D.R.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Ni x Mg 0.5-x Cu 0.1 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 ferrite shows spinel structure. → Lattice parameter, X-ray density, porosity increase with increase in Ni content. → The IR spectra show tetrahedral and octahedral complexes. → Initial permeability remains constant with temperature and drops to zero at certain temperature which is in close agreement with Curie temperature. → The Curie temperature shows increasing trend with Ni content. - Abstract: Soft Mg-Ni-Zn-Cu spinel ferrites having general chemical formula Ni x Mg 0.5-x Cu 0.1 Zn 0.4 Fe 2 O 4 (where x 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) were prepared by standard double sintering ceramic method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction at room temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) study revealed that lattice parameter decreases with increase in Ni content, resulting in a reduction in lattice strain. The electrical and magnetic properties of the synthesized ferrites have been investigated as a function of temperature. The variation of initial permeability and AC susceptibility with temperature exhibits normal ferrimagnetic behavior. The variation of initial permeability with frequency is studied. The Curie temperature (T C ) in the present work was determined from initial permeability and AC susceptibility. The Curie temperature increases with Ni content.

THERMAL STABILITY OF Al-Cu-Fe QUASICRYSTALS PREPARED BY SHS METHOD

OpenAIRE

Pavel Novák; Alena Michalcová; Milena Voděrová; Ivo Marek; Dalibor Vojtěch

2013-01-01

Quasicrystal-containing materials are usually prepared by rapid solidification of the melt (e.g. by melt spinning) or mechanical alloying. In this work, the method using exothermic reactions between compressed metallic powders called SHS (Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis) was tested. The microstructure and phase composition of the product was described in dependence on cooling regime from the reaction temperature. Thermal stability of prepared Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals was studied by...

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Porous Mg-6 wt.% Zn Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Yang; Kang, Yijun; Li, Ding; Yu, Kun; Xiao, Tao; Wang, Qiyuan; Deng, Youwen; Fang, Hongjie; Jiang, Dayue; Zhang, Yu

2018-03-01

Porous Mg-based scaffolds have been extensively researched as biodegradable implants due to their attractive biological and excellent mechanical properties. In this study, porous Mg-6 wt.% Zn scaffolds were prepared by powder metallurgy using ammonium bicarbonate particles as space-holder particles. The effects of space-holder particle content on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the Mg-6 wt.% Zn scaffolds were studied. The mean porosity and pore size of the open-cellular scaffolds were within the range 6.7-52.2% and 32.3-384.2 µm, respectively. Slight oxidation was observed at the grain boundaries and on the pore walls. The Mg-6 wt.% Zn scaffolds were shown to possess mechanical properties comparable with those of natural bone and had variable in vitro degradation rates. Increased content of space-holder particles negatively affected the mechanical behavior and corrosion resistance of the Mg-6 wt.% Zn scaffolds, especially when higher than 20%. These results suggest that porous Mg-6 wt.% Zn scaffolds are promising materials for application in bone tissue engineering.

Icosahedral binary clusters of glass-forming Lennard-Jones binary alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iwamatsu, Masao

2007-01-01

It is widely believed that the local icosahedral structure is related to the formation of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). Specifically the existence of 13-atom icosahedral cluster in undercooled liquid is imagined to play a key role to initiate the glass formation as the seed of amorphous structure or to block the nucleation of regular crystal as the impurity. The existence of 13-atom icosahedral clusters in one-component liquids was predicted more than half a century ago by Frank from his total energy calculation for isolated clusters. In BMG alloys, however, the situation is less clear. In this report, we present the lowest-energy structures of 13-atom Lennard-Jones binary cluster calculated from the modified space-fixed genetic algorithm. We study, in particular, the artificial Lennard-Jones potential designed by Kob and Andersen [W. Kob, H.C. Andersen, Phys. Rev. E 51 (1995) 4626] that is known to form BMG. Curiously, the lowest-energy structures of 13-atom cluster are non-icosahedral for almost all compositions. Our result suggests that the existence of the icosahedral cluster is not a necessary condition but only a sufficient condition for glass formation

Homoepitaxial nonpolar (10-10) ZnO/ZnMgO monolithic microcavities: Towards reduced photonic disorder

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zuniga-Perez, J.; Kappei, L.; Deparis, C.; Chenot, S.; Leroux, M.; Reveret, F.; Jamadi, O.; Leymarie, J.; Grundmann, M.; Prado, E. de

2016-01-01

Nonpolar ZnO/ZnMgO-based optical microcavities have been grown on (10-10) m-plane ZnO substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Reflectivity measurements indicate an exponential increase of the cavity quality factor with the number of layers in the distributed Bragg reflectors. Most importantly, microreflectivity spectra recorded with a spot size in the order of 2 μm show a negligible photonic disorder (well below 1 meV), leading to local quality factors equivalent to those obtained by macroreflectivity. The anisotropic character of the nonpolar heterostructures manifests itself both in the surface features, elongated parallel to the in-plane c direction, and in the optical spectra, with two cavity modes being observed at different energies for orthogonal polarizations.

Homoepitaxial nonpolar (10-10) ZnO/ZnMgO monolithic microcavities: Towards reduced photonic disorder

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zuniga-Perez, J., E-mail: jzp@crhea.cnrs.fr; Kappei, L.; Deparis, C.; Chenot, S.; Leroux, M. [CRHEA-CNRS, Rue Bernard Gregory, 06560 Valbonne (France); Reveret, F.; Jamadi, O.; Leymarie, J. [Clermont Université, Institut Pascal (IP), BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand (France); CNRS, UMR 6602, IP, F-63171 Aubière (France); Grundmann, M. [CRHEA-CNRS, Rue Bernard Gregory, 06560 Valbonne (France); Institut für Experimentelle Physik II, Fakultät für Physik und Geowissenschaften, Universität Leipzig, Linnestr. 5, 04103 Leipzig (Germany); Prado, E. de [CRHEA-CNRS, Rue Bernard Gregory, 06560 Valbonne (France); Departamento de Física Aplicada y Electromagnetismo, Universitat de Valencia, c/Dr Moliner 50, Burjassot, Valencia 46100 (Spain)

2016-06-20

Nonpolar ZnO/ZnMgO-based optical microcavities have been grown on (10-10) m-plane ZnO substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Reflectivity measurements indicate an exponential increase of the cavity quality factor with the number of layers in the distributed Bragg reflectors. Most importantly, microreflectivity spectra recorded with a spot size in the order of 2 μm show a negligible photonic disorder (well below 1 meV), leading to local quality factors equivalent to those obtained by macroreflectivity. The anisotropic character of the nonpolar heterostructures manifests itself both in the surface features, elongated parallel to the in-plane c direction, and in the optical spectra, with two cavity modes being observed at different energies for orthogonal polarizations.

Applications of /sup 43/Ca, /sup 25/Mg, and /sup 67/Zn NMR spectroscopies to biological systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimizu, Tohru; Hatano, Masahiro [Tohoku Univ., Sendai (Japan). Chemical Research Inst. of Non-Aqueous Solutions

1983-12-01

/sup 43/Ca, /sup 25/Mg and /sup 67/Zn NMR spectroscopies applied to biologically important systems are summarized mainly on the basis of our findings. It was found from our studies that (1) /sup 25/Mg NMR can be utilized for studying the dynamic and/or static behavior of Mg/sup 2 +/ in the Mg/sup 2 +/ -ATP (ADP)-kinase ternary complexes and (2) /sup 67/Zn NMR bands of diluted Zn/sup 2 +/ are much narrower than predicted and thus can be applicable for studying the dynamic and/or static behavior of Zn/sup 2 +/ in Zn/sup 2 +/ -enzyme solutions. In addition, /sup 43/Ca NMR spectra were successfully applied to some Ca/sup 2 +/ -binding proteins. In concluding remarks, we discussed possibilities of applications of those metal NMR spectroscopies to medical purposes.

Low Cycle Mechanical and Fatigue Properties of AlZnMgCu Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pysz S.

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The article presents the analysis of properties of the high-strength AlZnMgCu (abbr AlZn aluminium alloy and estimates possibilities of its application for responsible structures with reduced weight as an alternative to iron alloy castings. The aim of the conducted studies was to develop and select the best heat treatment regime for a 7xx casting alloy based on high-strength materials for plastic working from the 7xxx series. For analysis, wrought AlZnMgCu alloy (7075 was selected. Its potential of the estimated as-cast mechanical properties indicates a broad spectrum of possible applications for automotive parts and in the armaments industry. The resulting tensile and fatigue properties support the thesis adopted, while the design works further confirm these assumptions.

Excitonic spectrum of the ZnO/ZnMgO quantum wells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bobrov, M. A., E-mail: largaseal@gmail.com; Toropov, A. A.; Ivanov, S. V. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Ioffe Physical Technical Institute (Russian Federation); El-Shaer, A.; Bakin, A.; Waag, A. [TU Braunschweig, Institute of Semiconductor Technology (Germany)

2011-06-15

Excitonic spectrum of the wurtzite ZnO/Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O quantum wells with a width on the order of or larger than the Bohr radius of the exciton has been studied; the quantum wells have been grown by the method of molecular beam epitaxy (with plasma-assisted activation of oxygen) on substrates of sapphire (0001). Low-temperature (25 K) spectra of photoluminescence excitation (PLE) have been experimentally measured, making it possible to resolve the peaks of exciton absorption in the quantum well. The spectrum of excitons in the quantum well is theoretically determined as a result of numerical solution of the Schroedinger equation by the variational method. The value of elastic stresses in the structure (used in calculations) has been determined from theoretical simulation of measured spectra of optical reflection. A comparison of experimental data with the results of calculations makes it possible to relate the observed features in the PLE spectra to excitons, including the lower level of dimensional quantization for electrons and two first levels of holes for the A and B valence bands of the wurtzite crystal. The values of the electron and hole masses in ZnO are refined, and the value of the built-in electric field introduced by spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations is estimated.

Fracture analysis of one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystals: Researches of a finite dimension rectangular plate by boundary collocation method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jiaxing, Cheng; Dongfa, Sheng [Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan (China)

2017-05-15

As an important supplement and development to crystallography, the applications about quasicrystal materials have played a core role in many fields, such as manufacturing and the space industry. Due to the sensitivity of quasicrystals to defects, the research on the fracture problem of quasicrystals has attracted a great deal of attention. We present a boundary collocation method to research fracture problems for a finite dimension rectangular one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal plate. Because mode I and mode II problems for one- dimensional hexagonal quasicrystals are like that for the classical elastic materials, only the anti-plane problem is discussed in this paper. The correctness of the present numerical method is verified through a comparison of the present results and the existing results. And then, the size effects on stress field, stress intensity factor and energy release rate are discussed in detail. The obtained results can provide valuable references for the fracture behavior of quasicrystals.

Effects of Sm addition on electromagnetic interference shielding property of Mg-Zn-Zr alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Chubin [Chongqing University, College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloy, Chongqing (China); Gannan Normal University, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloy, Ganzhou (China); Pan, Fusheng; Chen, Xianhua [Chongqing University, College of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloy, Chongqing (China); Luo, Ning [Gannan Normal University, Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloy, Ganzhou (China)

2017-06-15

The electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of Sm-containing magnesium alloys in the 30-1500 MHz testing frequency range was investigated by coaxial cable method. The results demonstrated that Mg-3Zn alloys displayed the best electromagnetic shielding property. When 0.5 wt% of Zr was added for crystal grain refinement, the shielding effectiveness (SE) was apparently reduced. The addition of the rare earth element Sm in ZK magnesium alloys can improve the electromagnetic interference shielding of magnesium alloys. The main reason for the differences in electromagnetic interference shielding of magnesium alloys was the change in conductivity. The addition of Zr in Mg-Zn alloys can refine the grains and consequently improve the grain boundary area significantly. Therefore, the number of irregularly arranged atoms at the grain boundaries increased, decreasing the conductivity of magnesium alloys and leading to a decrease in the electromagnetic interference shielding. Following the Sm addition, the Mg-Zn-Sm phase was precipitated at the grain boundaries and in cores. The precipitation of Sm-containing rare earth phases could consume the solid-soluted Zn atoms within the Mg, resulting in an increase in electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding improvement. (orig.)

Characterization of Hf/Mg co-doped ZnO thin films after thermal treatments

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Chih-Hung; Chung, Hantsun [Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (China); Chen, Jian-Zhang, E-mail: jchen@ntu.edu.tw [Graduate Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (China); Cheng, I-Chun, E-mail: iccheng@ntu.edu.tw [Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (China)

2014-11-03

Rf-sputtered Mg{sub 0.05}Zn{sub 0.95}O thin films become amorphous/nanocrystalline with the addition of hafnium oxide. All films (thickness: ∼ 100 nm) sputter-deposited from Hf{sub x}Mg{sub 0.05}Zn{sub 0.95−x}O targets are highly transparent (> 80%) from 400 to 800 nm. The Tauc bandgap ΔE (eV) increases with the Hf content. However, the bandgap decreases after thermal treatment. The reduction in the bandgap is positively correlated with the Hf content and annealing temperature. The residual stresses of films sputtered from Mg{sub 0.05}Zn{sub 0.95}O and Hf{sub 0.025}Mg{sub 0.05}Zn{sub 0.925}O targets are determined based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) data using a bi-axial stress model. The residual stresses of as-deposited films are compressive. As the annealing temperature increases, the residual stresses are relaxed and even become tensile. The bandgap narrowing after thermal treatment is attributed to the stress relaxation that changes the repulsion between the oxygen 2p and zinc 4s bands. Slight grain growth may also result in bandgap reduction because bandgap modification caused by the quantum confinement effect becomes significant in amorphous/nanocrystalline materials. The amorphous thin films reveal good thermal stability after 600 °C annealing for up to 2 h, as evidenced by the XRD and transmission spectra. - Highlights: • Thin films are sputtered from Hf{sub x}Mg{sub 0.05}Zn{sub 0.95−x}O targets at room temperature. • Bandgap increases with Hf content but decreases with post-annealing temperature. • Bandgap narrowing after annealing partly results from the relaxation of stresses. • Bandgap narrowing partly results from quantum confinement effect by nanomaterials. • Hf doping increases resistivity due to the lattice disorder and enlarged bandgap.

Neutron monochromators of BeO, MgO and ZnO single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adib, M.; Habib, N. [Reactor Physics Department, NRC, AEAE, Cairo (Egypt); Bashter, I.I. [Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University (Egypt); Morcos, H.N.; El-Mesiry, M.S. [Reactor Physics Department, NRC, AEAE, Cairo (Egypt); Mansy, M.S., E-mail: mohamedmansy_np@yahoo.com [Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University (Egypt)

2014-05-21

The monochromatic features of BeO, MgO and ZnO single crystals are discussed in terms of orientation, mosaic spread, and thickness within the wavelength band from 0.05 up to 0.5 nm. A computer program MONO, written in “FORTRAN”, has been developed to carry out the required calculations. Calculation shows that a 5 mm thick MgO single crystal cut along its (2 0 0) plane having mosaic spread of 0.5° FWHM has the optimum parameters when it is used as a neutron monochromator. Moreover, at wavelengths shorter than 0.24 nm the reflected monochromatic neutrons are almost free from the higher order ones. The same features are seen with BeO (0 0 2) with less reflectivity than that of the former. Also, ZnO cut along its (0 0 2) plane is preferred over the others only at wavelengths longer than 0.20 nm. When the selected monochromatic wavelength is longer than 0.24 nm, the neutron intensities of higher orders from a thermal reactor flux are higher than those of the first-order one. For a cold reactor flux, the first order of BeO and MgO single crystals is free from the higher orders up to 0.4 nm, and ZnO at wavelengths up to 0.5 nm. - Highlights: • Monochromatic features of BeO, MgO and ZnO single crystals. • Calculations of neutron reflectivity using a computer program MONO. • Optimum mosaic spread, thickness and cutting plane of single crystals.

The impacts of growth temperature on morphologies, compositions and optical properties of Mg-doped ZnO nanomaterials by chemical vapor deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, X.H., E-mail: wangxh@sdju.edu.cn [School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Dianji University, 1201 Jiang Chuan Road, Shanghai 200245 (China); Huang, L.Q.; Niu, L.J.; Li, R.B. [School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Dianji University, 1201 Jiang Chuan Road, Shanghai 200245 (China); Fan, D.H. [Institute of Functional Materials Research, Department of Mathematics and Physics, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020 (China); Zhang, F.B.; Chen, Z.W.; Wang, X.; Guo, Q.X. [Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Synchrotron Light Application Center, Saga University, Saga 840-8502 (Japan)

2015-02-15

Highlights: • Mg-doped ZnO nanomaterials were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). • Growth temperature determines the characteristics of Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O nanomaterials. • The modulation of band gap is caused by Mg addition. - Abstract: The Mg-doped ZnO (Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O) nanomaterials with different morphologies of nanoparticles, partially opened nanowire-on-spherical shells, hemispheric shells and chain-like nanoparticles were synthesized at 750, 850, 900 and 1000 °C by a simple chemical vapor deposition. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements indicate that Mg content increases from 2.87 at.% to 5.01 at.% with the increase of growth temperature from 750 to 1000 °C. The measurement results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the (0 0 2) peaks of Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O nanomaterials shift to higher diffraction angle with the increase of Mg content, implying that Mg{sup 2+} is substituted into Zn{sup 2+} site. The absorption spectra at room temperature exhibit that the band gap of the Mg-doped ZnO nanomaterials increases with the Mg concentration, illustrating that the modulation of band gap is caused by Mg addition. The PL measurements show that UV peak from Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O nanomaterials is shifted towards lower wavelength side (blue shift) from 381 nm to 372 nm with the increase of the Mg dopant content. The room-temperature Raman spectra show that the crystal quality of the Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}O nanomaterials is improved with the increase of growth temperature, and the Mg dopants do not decrease the crystal quality of ZnO nanomaterials.

Effect of CaO on Hot Workability and Microstructure of Mg-9.5Zn-2Y Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Kwak, Tae-yang; Kim, Daeguen; Yang, Jaehack; Yoon, Young-ok; Kim, Shae K.; Lim, Hyunkyu; Kim, Woo Jin

Mg-Zn-Y system alloys have been a great interest because Mg-Zn-Y alloys with I-phase exhibited high ductility at room and elevated temperatures. According to our preliminary experiments, the addition of CaO improved strength, but the process window became narrow. Therefore, the aim of current work was to find optimum extrusion conditions for CaO added Mg-Zn-Y alloys by processing maps. The 0.3 wt.% of CaO added Mg-9.5Zn-2Y (Mg95.6Zn3.8Y0.6) alloy was prepared by casting into steel mold and homogenizing. Hot compression test were performed in the Gleeble machine at temperature range of 250-400 °C with various strain rates. The alloys were extruded with a reduction ratio of 20:1. To analyze the microstructure and texture, optical micrograph, scanning electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction were used. Moreover, we investigated the effects of metallic Ca addition in this alloy to compare with the addition of CaO.

Suppression of the internal electric field effects in ZnO/Zn0.7Mg0.3O quantum wells by ion-implantation induced intermixing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davis, J A; Dao, L V; Wen, X; Ticknor, C; Hannaford, P; Coleman, V A; Tan, H H; Jagadish, C; Koike, K; Sasa, S; Inoue, M; Yano, M

2008-01-01

Strong suppression of the effects caused by the internal electric field in ZnO/ZnMgO quantum wells following ion-implantation and rapid thermal annealing, is revealed by photoluminescence, time-resolved photoluminescence, and band structure calculations. The implantation and annealing induces Zn/Mg intermixing, resulting in graded quantum well interfaces. This reduces the quantum-confined Stark shift and increases electron-hole wavefunction overlap, which significantly reduces the exciton lifetime and increases the oscillator strength

Early-stage precipitation in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy (7050)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sha Gang; Cerezo, Alfred

2004-01-01

GP zone and metastable η ' formation during the early-stage precipitation of a 7050 Al alloy aged at 121 deg. C has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy, together with 3-dimensional atom probe analysis (of the chemistry and morphology) of individual precipitates. Small Mg-rich clusters (GPI zones) are found in the alloy after short ageing times at 121 deg. C, together with larger GPI zones (Zn/Mg=1.0). Zn-rich η ' platelets are seen to form mainly between 30 and 240 min ageing, coexisting with larger GPI zones. A significant fraction of elongated clusters have also been observed over this period of ageing. The dominant mechanism for η ' formation at this stage is shown to be by transformation of small GPI zones, via these elongated clusters and not by nucleation on larger zones

161Dy Moessbauer spectroscopy of the intermetallic compounds DyNi2Si2, DyNi2Ge2 and DyAg2Si2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Onodera, Hideya; Murata, Akifumi; Koizuka, Masaaki; Ohashi, Masayoshi; Yamaguchi, Yasuo

1994-01-01

161 Dy Moessbauer spectroscopic study has been performed on DyNi 2 Si 2 , DyNi 2 Ge 2 and DyAg 2 Si 2 in order to clarify microscopic properties of antiferromagnets with incommensurate and sinusoidally moment-modulated structure. The experiments were done using the standard 161 Tb Moessbauer sources prepared by neutron irradiation at the Japan Material Testing Reactor. The Moessbauer spectra of DyNi 2 Si 2 are analyzed satisfactorily by a single set of hyperfine parameters, and hence the sinusoidal moment-modulation is considered to be realized through a distribution of spin relaxation rate. The broadened spectra of DyNi 2 Ge 2 are fitted tentatively by three subspectra. It seems for DyNi 2 Ge 2 that the incommensurate arrangement of Dy moments differed in magnitude as well as the distribution of spin relaxation rate originates the moment modulation. The fact that the spectrum of DyAg 2 Si 2 at 3 K consists of two distinct subspectra ensures the complicated antiferromagnetic structure where two kinds of Dy moments differed in magnitude are arranged noncollinearly. (author)

Equilibrium and kinetics studies of metal ion adsorption on dyed ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Batch equilibration studies were conducted to determine the nature of adsorption of Zn (II) and Cu (II) onto dyed coconut pollens. The nature of adsorption of metal ions was explained using the Langmuir equation. The calculated values of equilibrium parameter indicated favourable adsorption by the adsorbents. Also the ...

The hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of HA/Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr composites for biomedical application.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Debao; Liu, Yichi; Zhao, Yue; Huang, Y; Chen, Minfang

2017-08-01

The hot deformation behavior of nano-sized hydroxylapatite (HA) reinforced Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr composites were performed by means of Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation machine in a temperature range of 523-673K and a strain rate range of 0.001-1s -1 , and the microstructure evolution during hot compression deformation were also investigated. The results show that the flow stress increases increasing strain rates at a constant temperature, and decreases with increasing deforming temperatures at a constant strain rate. Under the same processing conditions, the flow stresses of the 1HA/Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr specimens are higher than those of the Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr alloy specimens, and the difference is getting closer with increasing deformation temperature. The hot deformation behaviors of Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr and 1HA/Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr can be described by constitutive equation of hyperbolic sine function with the hot deformation activation energy being 124.6kJ/mol and 125.3kJ/mol, respectively. Comparing with Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr alloy, the instability region in the process map of 1HA/Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr expanded to a bigger extent at the same conditions. The optimum process conditions of 1HA/Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr composite is concluded as between the temperature window of 573-623K with a strain rate range of 0.001-0.1s -1 . A higher volume fraction and smaller grain size of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) grains was observed in 1HA/Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr specimens after the hot compression deformation compared with Mg-3Zn-0.8Zr alloy, which was ascribed to the presence of the HA particles that play an important role in particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) mechanism and can effectively hinder the migration of interfaces. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The in vitro biocompatibility and macrophage phagocytosis of Mg17Al12 phase in Mg-Al-Zn alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Chen; He, Peng; Wan, Peng; Li, Mei; Wang, Kehong; Tan, Lili; Zhang, Yu; Yang, Ke

2015-07-01

Mg alloys are gaining interest for applications as biodegradable medical implant, including Mg-Al-Zn series alloys with good combination of mechanical properties and reasonable corrosion resistance. However, whether the existence of second phase particles in the alloys exerts influence on the biocompatibility is still not clear. A deeper understanding of how the particles regulate specific biological responses is becoming a crucial requirement for their subsequent biomedical application. In this work, the in vitro biocompatibility of Mg17Al12 as a common second phase in biodegradable Mg-Al-Zn alloys was investigated via hemolysis, cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and cell adhesion tests. Moreover, osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by the extracellular matrix mineralization assay. The Mg17Al12 particles were also prepared to simulate the real situation of second phase in the in vivo environment in order to estimate the cellular response in macrophages to the Mg17Al12 particles. The experimental results indicated that no hemolysis was found and an excellent cytocompatibility was also proved for the Mg17Al12 second phase when co-cultured with L929 cells, MC3T3-E1 cells and BMSCs. Macrophage phagocytosis co-culture test revealed that Mg17Al12 particles exerted no harmful effect on RAW264.7 macrophages and could be phagocytized by the RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the possible inflammatory reaction and metabolic way for Mg17Al12 phase were also discussed in detail. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

EXAFS spectroscopy of quasicrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Menushenkov, A. P.; Rakshun, Ya. V.

2007-01-01

The results of the investigation of the features of the local structure of quasicrystalline materials by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy with the use of synchrotron radiation are analyzed. The advantages of this method from the point of view of deriving information about the local shifts of the atoms forming an icosahedral structure are demonstrated. The rearrangement of the local environment of copper and iron in Al-Fe-Cu ternary alloys at a transition from the crystalline to the quasicrystalline phase has been investigated. It is established that the nearest copper coordination retains the symmetry characteristic of the crystal; however, rotation and small displacements of copper matrix atoms lead to significant rearrangement of aluminum atoms around iron atoms. As a result, icosahedral clusters with pentagonal symmetry are formed around iron atoms and violation of the translational symmetry is accompanied by the transition of Al-Fe-Cu to the quasicrystalline state

The paint-bake response of three Al-Mg-Zn alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balderach, Dustin C.; Hamilton, Jennifer A.; Leung, Emma; Cristina Tejeda, M.; Qiao Jun; Taleff, Eric M.

2003-01-01

The aging behaviors of three Al-Mg-Zn alloys have been investigated under conditions similar to the paint-bake cycle currently used in automotive manufacturing. The three alloys contain Mg in atomic concentrations from one to two times those of Zn. Natural aging at 25 deg. C after solutionizing is found to produce a linear increase in hardness with logarithmic time for times of up to 1 year. Hardnesses in naturally and artificially aged conditions are found to increase with Mg content. Artificial aging at 175 deg. C for 30 min, which simulates the automotive paint-bake cycle, produces increases in hardness of 15-36% over the solution-treated conditions. Peak hardness from artificial aging at 175 deg. C is produced in all alloys after approximately 8 h. Natural aging for 10 days prior to artificial aging at 175 deg. C does not produce significant changes in hardness compared with artificial aging alone. Natural aging for 1 year after simulated paint-bake aging increases hardnesses by 41-78% over those after simulated paint-bake aging alone. The precipitation strengthening mechanism in these alloys is consistent with η' formation. Increases in hardness and strength with increasing Mg content are consistent with increased solid-solution strengthening, which is retained even after artificial aging

Microstructure and bio-corrosion behaviour of Mg-5Zn-0.5Ca -xSr alloys as potential biodegradable implant materials

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Li; Zhou, Jiaxing; Sun, Zhenzhou; Yang, Meng; Ma, Liqun

2018-04-01

Magnesium alloys are widely studied as biomedical implants owing to their biodegradability. In this work, novel Mg-5Zn-0.5Ca-xSr (x = 0, 0.14, 0.36, 0.50, 0.70 wt%) alloys were prepared as biomedical materials. The influence of strontium (Sr) addition on the microstructure, corrosion properties and corrosion morphology of the as-cast Mg-5Zn-0.5Ca-xSr alloys is investigated by a variety of techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and electrochemical measurements. The Sr-free alloy is composed of three phases, namely, α-Mg, CaMg2 and Ca2Mg6Zn3, while the alloys with the Sr addition consist of α-Mg, CaMg2 and Ca2Mg6Zn3 and Mg17Sr2. Corrosion experiments in Hank’s solution show that the addition of a small amount of Sr can improve the corrosion resistance of the Mg-5Zn-0.5Ca alloy. The corrosion products include Mg(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, and HA (Ca5(PO4)3(OH)). Mg-5Zn-0.5Ca-0.36Sr alloy has the minimum weight loss rate (0.68 mm/a), minimal hydrogen evolution (0.08 ml/cm2/d) and minimum corrosion current density (7.4 μA/cm2), indicating that this alloy shows the best corrosion resistance.

Bioremediation of Zn, Cu, Mg and Pb in Fresh Domestic Sewage by Brevibacterium sp

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ojoawo, S. O.; Rao, C. V.; Goveas, L. C.

2016-01-01

The study applied an isolated Brevibacterium sp. (MTCC 10313) for bioremediation of Zn, Cu, Mg and Pb in domestic sewage. Batch culture experiments were performed on both the fresh and stale sewage samples with glucose supplementation of 1-8g/l. Nutrient broth medium was prepared, sterilized and p H adjusted to 6.5-6.8. 1% of the Brevibacteria sp. stock was inoculated into the broth and maintained at 370C for 24 hours in shaker incubator at 120 rpm. Another 1% of fresh grown sub-culture of broth was inoculated into supplemented and sterilized samples. Optical Density was taken at 600nm, growth monitored over 12 days, cultured samples denatured with TCA and centrifuged, supernatants filtered and analyzed with AAS, Settled pellets oven dried, subjected to SEM analysis for morphology and constituents determination. Fresh sewage samples permitted bacterial growth and facilitated bioremediation of Zn, Cu and Mg through metal uptake and bioabsoption by Brevibacteria sp. This effectively reduced concentration of heavy metals, with treatment efficiency order Cu>Zn>Mg, and respective removal percentages of 77, 63 and 55. The optimum glucose concentration for effective bioremediation found as 2g/l for Zn and Cu, and 8g/l for Mg. Pb was resistant to bioremediation with Brevibacteria sp. Stale sewage produced inhibitory substances preventing adequate growth of bacterium with no bioremediation. Bioremediation with Brevibacteria sp. is found effective in removal of micro-units of Zn, Cu and Mg from domestic sewage. As a readily available low-cost agent, it is recommended for large- scale application on those metals while Pb should be further subjected to advanced treatments.

Omigapil treatment decreases fibrosis and improves respiratory rate in dy(2J mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy.

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Qing Yu

Full Text Available Congenital muscular dystrophy is a distinct group of diseases presenting with weakness in infancy or childhood and no current therapy. One form, MDC1A, is the result of laminin alpha-2 deficiency and results in significant weakness, respiratory insufficiency and early death. Modification of apoptosis is one potential pathway for therapy in these patients.dy(2J mice were treated with vehicle, 0.1 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg of omigapil daily via oral gavage over 17.5 weeks. Untreated age matched BL6 mice were used as controls. Functional, behavioral and histological measurements were collected.dy(2J mice treated with omigapil showed improved respiratory rates compared to vehicle treated dy(2J mice (396 to 402 vs. 371 breaths per minute, p<0.03 and similar to control mice. There were no statistical differences in normalized forelimb grip strength between dy(2J and controls at baseline or after 17.5 weeks and no significant differences seen among the dy(2J treatment groups. At 30-33 weeks of age, dy(2J mice treated with 0.1 mg/kg omigapil showed significantly more movement time and less rest time compared to vehicle treated. dy(2J mice showed normal cardiac systolic function throughout the trial. dy(2J mice had significantly lower hindlimb maximal (p<0.001 and specific force (p<0.002 compared to the control group at the end of the trial. There were no statistically significant differences in maximal or specific force among treatments. dy(2J mice treated with 0.1 mg/kg/day omigapil showed decreased percent fibrosis in both gastrocnemius (p<0.03 and diaphragm (p<0.001 compared to vehicle, and in diaphragm (p<0.013 when compared to 1 mg/kg/day omigapil treated mice. Omigapil treated dy(2J mice demonstrated decreased apoptosis.Omigapil therapy (0.1 mg/kg improved respiratory rate and decreased skeletal and respiratory muscle fibrosis in dy(2J mice. These results support a putative role for the use of omigapil in laminin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy

Mechano-luminescence studies of nano ZnMgAl10O17:Eu phosphor under UV irradiation

Science.gov (United States)

Verma, Akshkumar; Verma, Ashish; Panda, Maheswar

2018-05-01

ZnMgAl10O17:Eu nano phosphors were prepared successfully, using the combustion route by employing urea as a fuel. The structural, and Morphological, properties were measured using x-ray diffraction (XRD) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) transition electron microscopy. The BET surface area of sample were found to be of ˜13.92 m2/g. The ML (Mechano-luminescence) were measured to the home made instrument. The phosphor showed more strong and high ML intensity to the without UV irradiated material. Therefore ZnMgAl10O17:Eu2+ phosphor may use as a damage sensor and dosimetry material. The ML emission spectra of the Zn0.99MgAl10O17:Eu0.01 phosphor showed the characteristic Eu2+ emission peaks ˜453nm (blue) originating from the transitions 4f65d1→4f7, Therefore ZnMgAl10O17:Eu2+ phosphor may use as a blue phosphor material.

Understanding corrosion via corrosion product characterization: II. Role of alloying elements in improving the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al-Mg coatings on steel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Volovitch, P.; Vu, T.N.; Allely, C.; Abdel Aal, A.; Ogle, K.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Origins of better corrosion resistance of ZnAlMg coatings than galvanized steel. → Comparative study of corrosion products formed on ZnAlMg, ZnMg and Zn coatings. → Modeling of dissolution and precipitation stages of corrosion. → At early stages Mg stabilizes protective zinc basic salts during dry-wet cycling. → At later stages Al dissolves at high pH forming protective layered double hydroxides. - Abstract: Corrosion products are identified on Zn, ZnMg and ZnAlMg coatings in cyclic corrosion tests with NaCl or Na 2 SO 4 containing atmospheres. For Mg-containing alloys the improved corrosion resistance is achieved by stabilization of protective simonkolleite and zinc hydroxysulfate. At later stages, the formation of layered double hydroxides (LDH) is observed for ZnAlMg. According to thermodynamic modeling, Mg 2+ ions bind the excess of carbonate or sulfate anions preventing the formation of soluble or less-protective products. A preferential dissolution of Zn and Mg at initial stages of corrosion is confirmed by in situ dissolution measurement. The physicochemical properties of different corrosion products are compared.

Transport properties of microwave sintered pure and glass added MgCuZn ferrites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Madhuri, W., E-mail: madhuriw12@gmail.com [School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632 014 (India); Penchal Reddy, M.; Kim, Il Gon [Department of Physics, Changwon National University, Changwon 641 773 (Korea, Republic of); Rama Manohar Reddy, N. [Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516 227 (India); Siva Kumar, K.V. [Ceramic Composites Materials Laboratory, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515 055 (India); Murthy, V.R.K. [Microwave Laboratory, IIT Madras, Chennai 600 036 (India)

2013-07-01

Highlights: • MgCuZn ferrite was successfully prepared by novel microwave sintering (MS) method. • The sintering temperature was notably reduced from 1150 °C to 950 °C for MS. • Temperature dependence of DC conductivity and AC conductivity are studied. • 1 wt% PBS glass added MS MgCuZn ferrite samples are suitable for core materials in multilayer chip inductors (MLCI). -- Abstract: A series of pure stoichiometric and 1 wt% lead borosilicate (PBS) glass added MgCuZn ferrite with the general formula Mg{sub 0.5}Cu{sub x}Zn{sub 0.5−x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} with x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 were synthesized by microwave sintering technique. Single phase spinel structure is exhibited by the XRD patterns of these ferrites. DC and AC conductivity were investigated as a function of composition, temperature and frequency. DC conductivities were also estimated using the impedance spectroscopy analysis of Cole–Cole plots. The DC conductivities thus obtained are in good agreement with the experimental results. All the investigated samples exhibited two regions of conductivity one in the low temperature and the second in the high temperature region. It is observed that PBS glass added samples have lower conductivities than pure samples. Due to their lower conductivities and sintering temperatures the 1 wt% PBS glass added samples are suitable for multilayer chip inductor (MLCI) and high definition TV deflection yoke material application.

Microstructure evolution of Al/Mg butt joints welded by gas tungsten arc with Zn filler metal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Fei; Zhang Zhaodong; Liu Liming

2012-01-01

Based on the idea of alloying welding seam, Gas tungsten arc welding method with pure Zn filler metal was chosen to join Mg alloy and Al alloy. The microstructures, phases, element distribution and fracture morphology of welding seams were examined. The results indicate that there was a transitional zone in the width of 80–100 μm between the Mg alloy substrate and fusion zone. The fusion zone was mainly composed of MgZn 2 , Zn-based solid solution and Al-based solid solution. The welding seam presented distinct morphology in different location owning to the quite high cooling rate of the molten pool. The addition of Zn metal could prevent the formation of Mg–Al intermetallics and form the alloyed welding seam during welding. Therefore, the tensile strengths of joints have been significantly improved compared with those of gas tungsten arc welded joints without Zn metal added. Highlights: ► Mg alloy AZ31B and Al alloy 6061 are welded successfully. ► Zinc wire is employed as a filler metal to form the alloyed welding seam. ► An alloyed welding seam is benefit for improving of the joint tensile strength.

Stress corrosion test of Al- Zn- Mg alloys with and without Nb

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pereira, E.C.; Garlipp, W.

1982-01-01

Two aluminium alloys 1 and 2 with the respectives compositions 6,10 wt% Zn; 1,58 wt% Mg; 0,24 wt% Cu and 6,25 wt% Zn; 2,03 wt% Mg; 0,24 wt% Cu; 0,078 wt% Nb, was cast, annealed, extruded and cold rolled to 10% of the initial area. Samples was made for tensile testing and stress corrosion cracking in accord with the recommended standard test. After quench from 460 0 C they was preaged at 100 0 C, 6 hours and aged again at 160 0 C in different times. The tests revealed better properties for the alloys 2. (Author) [pt

Highly efficient green light harvesting from Mg doped ZnO nanoparticles: Structural and optical studies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sharma, Sarla, E-mail: mail2sarlasharma@gmail.com [Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302055 (India); Vyas, Rishi [Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017 (India); Sharma, Neha [Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302055 (India); Singh, Vidyadhar [Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, Okinawa 9040495 (Japan); Singh, Arvind [Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400 019 (India); Kataria, Vanjula; Gupta, Bipin Kumar [National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), New Delhi 110012 (India); Vijay, Y.K. [Department of Physics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302055 (India)

2013-03-05

Graphical abstract: Demonstration of highly efficient green light emission harvesting from Mg doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via facile wet chemical route with an average particle size ∼15 nm. The resulted nanoparticles exhibit intense green emission peaking at 530 nm upon 325 nm excitation. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of visible emission depends upon the doping concentration of Mg. The PL intensity was found maximum up to 4% doping of Mg and beyond it exhibits a decrees in emission. The obtained highly luminescent green emission of ZnO nanoparticle would be an ultimate choice for next generation optoelectronics device materials. Highlights: ► Zn{sub 1−x}Mg{sub x}O nanoparticles were prepared by mechanochemical processing. ► High blue emission intensity was observed contrary to previous reports. ► Blue emission is suggested to be originating from the high density of defects. ► Defect density in as-milled condition is very high resulting in high emission. ► Mg promoted non-radiative recombination and lowered intensities. -- Abstract: Highly efficient green light emission was observed from Mg doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via facile wet chemical route with an average particle size ∼15 nm. The XRD analysis confirmed the growth of wurtzite phase of ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, the optical properties of these nanoparticles were investigated by different spectroscopic techniques. The resulted nanoparticles exhibit intense green emission peaking at 530 nm (2.34 eV) upon 325 nm (3.81 eV) excitation. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of visible emission depends upon the doping concentration of Mg. The PL intensity was found maximum up to 4% doping of Mg, and beyond it exhibits a decrees in emission. Furthermore, by varying the band gap from 3.50 to 3.61 eV, the PL spectra showed a near band edge (NBE) emission at wavelength around 370 nm (3.35 eV) and a broad deep level emission in the visible region. The obtained highly

[Effects of annealing temperature on the structure and optical properties of ZnMgO films prepared by atom layer deposition].

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Dong-Xiao; Li, Jin-Hua; Fang, Xuan; Chen, Xin-Ying; Fang, Fang; Chu, Xue-Ying; Wei, Zhi-Peng; Wang, Xiao-Hua

2014-07-01

In the present paper, we report the research on the effects of annealing temperature on the crystal quality and optical properties of ZnMgO films deposited by atom layer deposition(ALD). ZnMgO films were prepared on quartz substrates by ALD and then some of the samples were treated in air ambient at different annealing temperature. The effects of annealing temperature on the crystal quality and optical properties of ZnMgO films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra. The XRD results showed that the crystal quality of ZnMgO films was significantly improved when the annealing temperature was 600 degrees C, meanwhile the intensity of(100) diffraction peak was the strongest. Combination of PL and UV-Vis absorption measurements showed that it can strongly promote the Mg content increasing in ZnMgO films and increase the band gap of films. So the results illustrate that suitable annealing temperature can effectively improve the crystal quality and optical properties of ZnMgO films.

Chemical bath deposited Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}S(O) thin films and their photoluminescence properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inamdar, Akbar I.; Han, Jaeseok; Jo, Yongcheol; Kim, Jongmin; Pawar, S.M. [Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715 (Korea, Republic of); Yuldashev, Shavkat U. [Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Centre, Dongguk University, Seoul100-715 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Hyungsang, E-mail: hskim@dongguk.edu [Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715 (Korea, Republic of); Im, Hyunsik, E-mail: hyunsik7@dongguk.edu [Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715 (Korea, Republic of)

2015-12-15

A zinc sulfide (ZnS) specimen was intentionally doped with transition metal (Mg-donor) elements using a chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. Both the un-doped and the magnesium (Mg)-doped ZnS samples were confirmed to have hexagonal wurtzite ZnS crystal structure. The XRD patterns showed no characteristic peak for Mg indicating that the Mg{sup 2+} ions had been incorporated into ZnS(O) lattice sites. In contrast to un-doped samples, Mg doping resulted in changes in the morphological features of the spherical clusters which resulted in porous, spongy vermicular structures. The energy band gap of the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}S(O) film was slightly larger than that for the ZnS(O) film. A photoluminescence study revealed that the emissions were near violet–blue–green in color. The emission characteristics consist of two components; emission in the near violet and in visible region. That is the first is between 4160 and 4400 Å and the second is at 5190 Å, and these are associated with the donor–acceptor transitions with sulfur vacancies as acceptors and the magnesium related defects (trap states) in the samples respectively. - Highlights: • Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}S(O) films are grown using a chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. • Energy band widening and morphological changes are observed after Mg doping. • A PL study revealed that the emissions are near violet–blue–green in color. • The emissions are associated with the sulfur vacancies and Mg trap states.

Dramatically enhanced ultraviolet photosensing mechanism in a n-ZnO nanowires/i-MgO/n-Si structure with highly dense nanowires and ultrathin MgO layers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Dong Chan; Jung, Byung Oh; Cho, Hyung Koun; Lee, Ju Ho; Lee, Jeong Yong; Lee, Jun Hee

2011-01-01

This study reports that the visible-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetecting properties of ZnO nanowire based photodetectors were remarkably improved by introducing ultrathin insulating MgO layers between the ZnO nanowires and Si substrates. All layers were grown without pause by metal organic chemical vapor deposition and the density and vertical arrangement of the ZnO nanowires were strongly dependent on the thickness of the MgO layers. The sample in which an MgO layer with a thickness of 8 nm was inserted had high density nanowires with a vertical alignment and showed dramatically improved UV photosensing performance (photo-to-dark current ratio = 1344.5 and recovery time = 350 ms). The photoresponse spectrum revealed good visible-blind UV detectivity with a sharp cut off at 378 nm and a high UV/visible rejection ratio. A detailed discussion regarding the developed UV photosensing mechanism from the introduction of the i-MgO layers and highly dense nanowires in the n-ZnO nanowires/i-MgO/n-Si substrates structure is presented in this work.

Thermal stability of Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals prepared by SHS method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pavel Novak

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Quasicrystal-containing materials are usually prepared by rapid solidification of the melt (e.g. by melt spinning or mechanical alloying. In this work, the method using exothermic reactions between compressed metallic powders called SHS (Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis was tested. The microstructure and phase composition of the product was described in dependence on cooling regime from the reaction temperature. Thermal stability of prepared Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals was studied by annealing at the temperatures of 300 and 500 °C.

THERMAL STABILITY OF Al-Cu-Fe QUASICRYSTALS PREPARED BY SHS METHOD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pavel Novák

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Quasicrystal-containing materials are usually prepared by rapid solidification of the melt (e.g. by melt spinning or mechanical alloying. In this work, the method using exothermic reactions between compressed metallic powders called SHS (Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis was tested. The microstructure and phase composition of the product was described in dependence on cooling regime from the reaction temperature. Thermal stability of prepared Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals was studied by annealing at the temperatures of 300 and 500 °C.

Magnetization of correlated electron systems. MnSi thin films, CrB2 single crystals and two-dimensional electron systems in MgZnO/ZnO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brasse, Matthias

2014-01-01

Torque magnetometry at low temperature is performed to investigate the magnetic properties of MnSi thin films, of a CrB 2 single crystal and of a two-dimensional electron system (2DESs) formed at the interface of MgZnO/ZnO. The magnetic anisotropy and phase diagram of MnSi as well as information on the electronic structure of CrB 2 are obtained. The MgZnO/ZnO 2DESs exhibits the de Haas-van Alphen effect and non-equilibrium currents which are analyzed in order to determine ground state properties and excited states, respectively.

Effects of Y content on microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Zn-Nd

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Ti-jun Chen

2015-09-01

Full Text Available The effects of Y addition amount on the microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Zn-Nd alloy have been investigated by using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, back-scattered electronic imaging technique, an X-ray diffractometer, a differential thermal analyzer and a universal testing machine. There are three kinds of ternary phases in the Mg-Zn-Y system alloys, such as I phase (Mg3Zn6Y, W phase (Mg3Zn3Y2 and Z or X phase (Mg12ZnY. The experimental results in the present study indicate that the Mg-Zn-RE (RE includes Y and Nd ternary phases change from the I + W phases in turn to unique W, W + Z and unique Z as the Y content increases from 0% to 3%. Simultaneously, their distribution gradually changes from small particle-like form to continuous network form. The grain size first decreases as the Y content increases from 0% to 1% Y, then increases when the Y content exceeds 1% and finally decreases again when the content exceeds 3% due to the variation of growth restriction factor caused by the increased Y element and the change of the ternary phases. The hardness continuously increases because of the increased ternary phase amount. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation first increase within the range of 0-1% Y, also due to the increased ternary phase amount and grain refinement, and then decreases because of the grain coarsening, porosity formation and continuous network distribution of the ternary phases. The grain bonding strength of the W phase-containing alloys is quite strong and the W phase is an ideal strengthening phase if a given amount of it distributes in discontinuous and small-sized form. The alloy with 1% Y only has one ternary phase of W, but has the best combination of mechanical properties. The fracture regimes of these alloys always present a transgranular mode.

Study on the Mg-Li-Zn ternary alloy system with improved mechanical properties, good degradation performance and different responses to cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yang; Wu, Yuanhao; Bian, Dong; Gao, Shuang; Leeflang, Sander; Guo, Hui; Zheng, Yufeng; Zhou, Jie

2017-10-15

Novel Mg-(3.5, 6.5wt%)Li-(0.5, 2, 4wt%)Zn ternary alloys were developed as new kinds of biodegradable metallic materials with potential for stent application. Their mechanical properties, degradation behavior, cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility were studied. These potential biomaterials showed higher ultimate tensile strength than previously reported binary Mg-Li alloys and ternary Mg-Li-X (X=Al, Y, Ce, Sc, Mn and Ag) alloys. Among the alloys studied, the Mg-3.5Li-2Zn and Mg-6.5Li-2Zn alloys exhibited comparable corrosion resistance in Hank's solution to pure magnesium and better corrosion resistance in a cell culture medium than pure magnesium. Corrosion products observed on the corroded surface were composed of Mg(OH) 2 , MgCO 3 and Ca-free Mg/P inorganics and Ca/P inorganics. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed different behaviors of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and Human Aorta Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) to material extracts. HUVECs showed increasing nitric oxide (NO) release and tolerable toxicity, whereas VSMCs exhibited limited decreasing viability with time. Platelet adhesion, hemolysis and coagulation tests of these Mg-Li-Zn alloys showed different degrees of activation behavior, in which the hemolysis of the Mg-3.5Li-2Zn alloy was lower than 5%. These results indicated the potential of the Mg-Li-Zn alloys as good candidate materials for cardiovascular stent applications. Mg-Li alloys are promising as absorbable metallic biomaterials, which however have not received significant attention since the low strength, controversial corrosion performance and the doubts in Li toxicity. The Mg-Li-Zn alloy in the present study revealed much improved mechanical properties higher than most reported binary Mg-Li and ternary Mg-Li-X alloys, with superior corrosion resistance in cell culture media. Surprisingly, the addition of Li and Zn showed increased nitric oxide release. The present study indicates good potential of Mg-Li-Zn alloy as

Lattice mismatch and energy transfer of Eu- and Dy-codoped MO–Al2O3–SrO (M=Mg, Ca, Ba) ternary compounds affecting luminescence behavior

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liang, Chen-Jui; Huang, Kuan-Yu

2017-01-01

A systematic investigation of energy transfers and luminescence behaviors for M x Sr 0.94−x Al 2 O 4 :Eu 0.02 , Dy 0.04 (M=Mg, Ca, Ba; x=0, 0.235, 0.47, 0.705, 0.94) ternary compounds was accomplished. The results demonstrated that six phenomena must be fitted into the energy-transfer mechanisms of the ternary compounds: (1) the optical band-gap energy of Mg 0.94 Al 2 O 4 :Eu 0.02 Dy 0.04 is extremely low and does not allow photoemission; (2) Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ ions are the main hosts when x≥0.47 in Ca x Sr 1−x Al 2 O 4 :Eu 0.02 Dy 0.04 and Ba x Sr 1−x Al 2 O 4 :Eu 0.02 Dy 0.04 , respectively; (3) Eu 3+ ions are the main activator ions in Ca x Sr 1−x Al 2 O 4 :Eu 0.02 Dy 0.04 with x=0.47 and in Ba x Sr 1−x Al 2 O 4 :Eu 0.02 Dy 0.04 with x=0.353−0.705; (4) Sr 2+ and Eu 2+ ions are the main host and activator ions, respectively, when x<0.353 in each ternary compound; (5) energy transfers from the MO phases to the SrO phase because the conduction band energy of SrO is the lowest; and (6) mutual substitution between alkaline-earth ions does not alter the resultant structures’ crystal field and nephelauxetic effects, as determined by measuring their luminescence. Two energy transfer paths were discovered to be possible in CaO–Al 2 O 3 –SrO and BaO–Al 2 O 3 –SrO ternary compounds, and the boundaries determining which path was chosen were the atomic ratios Ca:Sr and Ba:Sr, both approximately 1.6:1 (x=0.353). Because second path increased the energy transferred from the MO band gap to the SrO band gap, the corresponding structure's spectrum emission intensity was approximately 4.3 times higher than that of the SrO−Al 2 O 3 binary compound, and their photoluminescence was thus substantially higher.

The effects of Mg incorporation and annealing temperature on the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes of ZnO nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Shadan, Nima; Ziabari, Ali Abdolahzadeh; Meraat, Rafieh; Jalali, Kamyar Mazloum

2017-02-01

In this paper, Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by the facile sol-gel method. The crystalline structure, characteristic absorption bands and morphology of the obtained Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles were studied by XRD, FTIR and TEM. The thermal degradation behaviour of the samples was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The effect of Mg concentrations and annealing temperatures on the antibacterial properties of the obtained nanoparticles was investigated in detail. The results indicated that doping Mg ions into ZnO lattice could enhance its antibacterial activity. Antibacterial assay demonstrated that Mg-doped ZnO with 7% Mg content annealed at 400 ∘C had the strongest antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes (98.7%). This study indicated that the inhibition rate of ZnO nanoparticles increased with the formation of granular structure and the decrease of ZnO size due to the doping of Mg ions into the ZnO lattice.

Segregation of solute elements at grain boundaries in an ultrafine grained Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sha, Gang; Yao, Lan; Liao, Xiaozhou; Ringer, Simon P.; Chao Duan, Zhi; Langdon, Terence G.

2011-01-01

The solute segregation at grain boundaries (GBs) of an ultrafine grained (UFG) Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at 200 o C was characterised using three-dimensional atom probe. Mg and Cu segregate strongly to the grain boundaries. In contrast, Zn does not always show clear segregation and may even show depletion near the grain boundaries. Trace element Si selectively segregates at some GBs. An increase in the number of ECAP passes leads to a decrease in the grain size but an increase in solute segregation at the boundaries. The significant segregation of alloying elements at the boundaries of ultrafine-grained alloys implies that less solutes will be available in the matrix for precipitation with a decrease in the average grain size. -- Research Highlights: → Atom probe tomography has been employed successfully to reveal unique segregation of solutes at ultrafine grained material. → Mg and Cu elements segregated strongly at the grain boundary of an ultrafine grained Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy processed by 4-pass and 8-pass ECAP at 200 o C. Zn frequently depleted at GBs with a Zn depletion region of 7-15 nm in width on one or both sides of the GBs. Only a small fraction (3/13) of GBs were observed with a low level of Zn segregation where the combined Mg and Cu excess is over 3.1 atom/nm 2 . Si appeared selectively segregated at some of the GBs. → The increase in number of ECAP passes from 4 to 8 correlated with the increase in mean level segregation of Mg and Cu for both solute excess and peak concentration. → The change of plane normal of a grain boundary within 30 o only leads to a slight change in the solute segregation level.

The forbidden beauty of quasicrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

McGrath, R.; Grimm, U.; Diehl, R.

2005-01-01

Two decades after they were discovered, the unusual properties of quasicrystals continue to fascinate researchers from a range of disciplines. 20 years ago last month Danny Shechtman of the Technion Institute in Israel announced the discovery of a new metallic alloy. At the time Shechtman had been on sabbatical leave at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington DC, investigating the properties of mixtures of metals that had been melted together and rapidly cooled. He found that one of these alloys - aluminium manganese - displayed a diffraction pattern with 10-fold rotational symmetry. However, such symmetries were supposed to be forbidden by the laws of crystallography. This discovery generated huge excitement, confusion and significant opposition. The Journal of Applied Physics, for example, rejected Shechtman's first paper detailing the discovery on the grounds that it would not interest the physicists who read the journal. Linus Pauling - a giant of 20th-century crystallography - also dismissed the findings. But these early doubts were soon swept away by new experimental evidence, and Shechtman's paper - which was finally published in Physical Review Letters in November 1984 - has since become one of the most-cited research articles in the scientific literature. The strange new materials he had discovered were dubbed quasicrystals, a shorthand form of 'quasiperiodic crystals'. (U.K.)

Rectifying Behavior of Aligned ZnO Nano rods on Mg0.3Zn0.7O Thin Film Template

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salina Muhamad; Suriani Abu Bakar; Mohamad Hafiz Mamat; Rafidah Ahmad; Mohamad Rusop

2011-01-01

Rectifying behavior more than 3 orders of aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nano rods grown on Mg 0.3 Zn 0.7 O thin film template using chemical bath deposition method was observed, giving a barrier height of 0.75 eV, and the ideality factor achieved was almost 6, which was analyzed using thermionic emission theory. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images revealed that the grown ZnO was in hexagonal shape, uniformly distributed and in vertically aligned form. The crystallinity of the sample being studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), where the highest peak was found at (002) phase, confirming that high crystallinity of ZnO was attained. The effect of metal/semiconductor junction between metal and aligned ZnO nano rods was discussed in further details. (author)

The influences of Al content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn magnesium alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Yu; Huang, Xiaofeng; Ma, Zhenduo; Li, Ya; Guo, Feng; Yang, Jianchang; Ma, Ying; Hao, Yuan

2017-01-01

Mg-6Zn magnesium alloys microalloyed with varying Al content (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt%) were prepared by permanent mould casting. The effects of Al on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn alloy were characterized with an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and mechanical tests at room temperature, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the grain sizes do not decline obviously while the amount of eutectic phase and the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of the alloys gradually increase when the Al content exceeds 3%. The main phases α-Mg, MgZn 2 , Mg 2 Zn 3 , Mg 7 Zn 3 , MgZn, Mg 32 (Al, Zn) 49 and Mg 17 Al 12 are found in these alloys. A higher addition of Al (≥5 wt%) causes the formation of the Mg 17 Al 12 , meanwhile, the partial morphology of some eutectic phases is modified into lamellar formation, which has an adverse effect on mechanical properties of the Al-containing alloys. The mechanical testing reveals that, the tensile properties are gradually improved within the range of 0 ~ 3%Al, and the maximum values of ultimate tensile strength (UTS, 214 MPa) and elongation (EL, 8.7%) are simultaneously obtained from the alloy with 3% Al, which increases by 21 MPa and 16.0% compared with that of the ZA60 alloy, respectively. Fracture analysis demonstrates that quasi-cleavage fracture, inter-granular and trans-granular fracture are dominant modes in the alloy with additions of 0, 1, 3 wt% Al. In contrast, the rupture mechanisms of the other investigated alloys belong to cleavage and inter-granular fracture modes.

The influences of Al content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn magnesium alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Yu; Huang, Xiaofeng, E-mail: huangxf_lut@163.com; Ma, Zhenduo; Li, Ya; Guo, Feng; Yang, Jianchang; Ma, Ying; Hao, Yuan

2017-02-16

Mg-6Zn magnesium alloys microalloyed with varying Al content (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 wt%) were prepared by permanent mould casting. The effects of Al on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-6Zn alloy were characterized with an optical microscope (OM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and mechanical tests at room temperature, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the grain sizes do not decline obviously while the amount of eutectic phase and the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) of the alloys gradually increase when the Al content exceeds 3%. The main phases α-Mg, MgZn{sub 2}, Mg{sub 2}Zn{sub 3}, Mg{sub 7}Zn{sub 3}, MgZn, Mg{sub 32}(Al, Zn){sub 49} and Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} are found in these alloys. A higher addition of Al (≥5 wt%) causes the formation of the Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12}, meanwhile, the partial morphology of some eutectic phases is modified into lamellar formation, which has an adverse effect on mechanical properties of the Al-containing alloys. The mechanical testing reveals that, the tensile properties are gradually improved within the range of 0 ~ 3%Al, and the maximum values of ultimate tensile strength (UTS, 214 MPa) and elongation (EL, 8.7%) are simultaneously obtained from the alloy with 3% Al, which increases by 21 MPa and 16.0% compared with that of the ZA60 alloy, respectively. Fracture analysis demonstrates that quasi-cleavage fracture, inter-granular and trans-granular fracture are dominant modes in the alloy with additions of 0, 1, 3 wt% Al. In contrast, the rupture mechanisms of the other investigated alloys belong to cleavage and inter-granular fracture modes.

Enhanced corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of AZ31 Mg alloy using PCL/ZnO NPs via electrospinning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Jinwoo [Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Mousa, Hamouda M. [Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Department of Engineering Materials and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena 83523 (Egypt); Park, Chan Hee, E-mail: biochan@jbnu.ac.kr [Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Cheol Sang, E-mail: chskim@jbnu.ac.kr [Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756 (Korea, Republic of); Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756 (Korea, Republic of)

2017-02-28

Highlights: • PCL/ZnO composite coating layer by electrospinning techniques showed the nano-scaled and porous surface structure. • Addition of zinc oxide NPs in the PCL fibers led to enhanced coating adhesion and corrosion resistance. • The composite coated surfaces on Mg substrates improved cell attachment and proliferation. - Abstract: In the efforts to improve corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of magnesium alloys, polycarprolactone (PCL) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) composite coatings were applied onto AZ31 Mg alloys via electrospinning technique in this study. The PCL/ZnO composite coatings on Mg alloys were characterized by using FE-SEM, EDX, XPS, and FT-IR. Moreover, coating adhesion test, electrochemical corrosion test, and biocompatibility test in vitro were performed to measure coating performance. Our results revealed that the increase in the content of ZnO NPs in the composite coatings not only improved the coating adhesion of composite coatings on Mg alloys, but also increased the corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts of the PCL/ZnO composite coated samples was superior to the biocompatibility of the bare samples. Such data suggest that applying PCL/ZnO composite coating to the magnesium alloys has suitable potential in biomedical applications.

Enhanced corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of AZ31 Mg alloy using PCL/ZnO NPs via electrospinning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jinwoo; Mousa, Hamouda M.; Park, Chan Hee; Kim, Cheol Sang

2017-01-01

Highlights: • PCL/ZnO composite coating layer by electrospinning techniques showed the nano-scaled and porous surface structure. • Addition of zinc oxide NPs in the PCL fibers led to enhanced coating adhesion and corrosion resistance. • The composite coated surfaces on Mg substrates improved cell attachment and proliferation. - Abstract: In the efforts to improve corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of magnesium alloys, polycarprolactone (PCL) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) composite coatings were applied onto AZ31 Mg alloys via electrospinning technique in this study. The PCL/ZnO composite coatings on Mg alloys were characterized by using FE-SEM, EDX, XPS, and FT-IR. Moreover, coating adhesion test, electrochemical corrosion test, and biocompatibility test in vitro were performed to measure coating performance. Our results revealed that the increase in the content of ZnO NPs in the composite coatings not only improved the coating adhesion of composite coatings on Mg alloys, but also increased the corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts of the PCL/ZnO composite coated samples was superior to the biocompatibility of the bare samples. Such data suggest that applying PCL/ZnO composite coating to the magnesium alloys has suitable potential in biomedical applications.

Neutron detection using Dy2O3 activation detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gomaa, M.A.; Mohamed, E.J.

1979-01-01

The aim of the present study is to examine the usefulness of Dy 2 O 3 not only as thermal neutron activation detector but also as a fast neutron detector. For thermal neutrons, the half life of 165 Dy is measured to be (141 +- 6) min, its response to thermal neutrons is (2.18 +- 0.01) cpm/ncm -2 s -1 for a 250 mg Dy 2 O 3 pellet. For fast neutrons the Dy 2 O 3 detector is placed within a 20 cm polyethylene sphere and its response is found to be (2.2 +- 0.1) cpm/ncm -2 s -1 for 4 MeV neutrons and (2.10 +- 0.04) cpm/ncm -2 s -1 for 14 MeV neutrons. For neutron dosimetry, its response is found to be (16.7 +- 0.4) cpm per mrem h -1 . (author)

Interactions among K+-Ca2+ exchange, sorption of m-dinitrobenzene, and smectite quasicrystal dynamics.

Science.gov (United States)

Chatterjee, Ritushree; Laird, David A; Thompson, Michael L

2008-12-15

The fate of organic contaminants in soils and sediments is influenced by sorption of the compounds to surfaces of soil materials. We investigated the interaction among sorption of an organic compound, cation exchange reactions, and both the size and swelling of smectite quasicrystals. Two reference smectites that vary in location and amount of layer charge, SPV (a Wyoming bentonite) and SAz-1 were initially Ca- and K-saturated and then equilibrated with mixed 0.01 M KCl and 0.005 M CaCl2 salt solutions both with and without the presence of 200 mg L(-1) m-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB). In general, sorption of m-DNB increased with the amount of K+ in the system for both clays, and the SPV sorbed more m-DNB than the SAz-1. Sorption of m-DNB increased the preference of Ca-SPV for K+ relative to Ca2+ but had little effect on K+-Ca2+ selectivity for K-SPV. Selectivity for K+ relative to Ca2+ was slightly higher for both K-SAz-1 and Ca-SAz-1 in the presence of m-DNB than in its absence. Distinct hysteresis loops were observed for the K+-Ca2+ cation exchange reactions for both clays, and the legacy of having been initially Ca- or K-saturated influenced sorption of m-DNB by SPV but had little effect for SAz-1. Suspension X-ray diffraction was used to measure changes in d-spacing and the relative thickness of smectite quasicrystals during the cation exchange and m-DNB sorption reactions. The results suggest that interactions among cation exchange and organic sorption reactions are controlled byan inherently hysteretic complex feedback process that is regulated by changes in the size and extent of swelling of smectite quasicrystals.

Synthesis and characterization of Zn-doped MgAl-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as PVC heat stabilizer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Gongling; Yang, Mei; Li, Zhiwen; Lin, Kaifeng; Jin, Quan; Xing, Chaojian; Hu, Zhudong; Wang, Dan

2013-01-01

Zn-doped MgAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with M 2+ /M 3+ = 2 and different molar ratios of Mg/Zn have been synthesized by modified homogeneous co-precipitation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and thermogravimetry, and differential thermal analysis techniques. The thermal stabilizing effects of different LDHs on PVC were studied by Congo red test and thermal aging test. All of the nanoparticles show plate-like morphology and the average diameter of particles is around 90 nm. Results show that the introduction of Zn increased the average bond length and area of the layers of LDHs, therefore enhanced the adsorption ability on HCl gas which was generated during degradation of PVC to improve the thermal stability of PVC. LDHs with molar ratio of Mg/Zn = 1.0 shows the best thermal stabilizing effect on PVC

Synthesis and characterization of Zn-doped MgAl-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as PVC heat stabilizer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Gongling; Yang, Mei [Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering (China); Li, Zhiwen; Lin, Kaifeng [Harbin Institute of Technology, Academy of Fundamental Interdisciplinary Sciences (China); Jin, Quan; Xing, Chaojian; Hu, Zhudong [Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering (China); Wang, Dan, E-mail: danwang@mail.ipe.ac.cn [Harbin Institute of Technology, Academy of Fundamental Interdisciplinary Sciences (China)

2013-09-15

Zn-doped MgAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with M{sup 2+}/M{sup 3+} = 2 and different molar ratios of Mg/Zn have been synthesized by modified homogeneous co-precipitation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and thermogravimetry, and differential thermal analysis techniques. The thermal stabilizing effects of different LDHs on PVC were studied by Congo red test and thermal aging test. All of the nanoparticles show plate-like morphology and the average diameter of particles is around 90 nm. Results show that the introduction of Zn increased the average bond length and area of the layers of LDHs, therefore enhanced the adsorption ability on HCl gas which was generated during degradation of PVC to improve the thermal stability of PVC. LDHs with molar ratio of Mg/Zn = 1.0 shows the best thermal stabilizing effect on PVC.

Biodegradation Resistance and Bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite Enhanced Mg-Zn Composites via Selective Laser Melting.

Science.gov (United States)

Shuai, Cijun; Zhou, Yuanzhuo; Yang, Youwen; Feng, Pei; Liu, Long; He, Chongxian; Zhao, Mingchun; Yang, Sheng; Gao, Chengde; Wu, Ping

2017-03-17

Mg-Zn alloys have attracted great attention as implant biomaterials due to their biodegradability and biomechanical compatibility. However, their clinical application was limited due to the too rapid degradation. In the study, hydroxyapatite (HA) was incorporated into Mg-Zn alloy via selective laser melting. Results showed that the degradation rate slowed down due to the decrease of grain size and the formation of protective layer of bone-like apatite. Moreover, the grain size continually decreased with increasing HA content, which was attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation and increased number of nucleation particles in the process of solidification. At the same time, the amount of bone-like apatite increased because HA could provide favorable areas for apatite nucleation. Besides, HA also enhanced the hardness due to the fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening. However, some pores occurred owing to the agglomerate of HA when its content was excessive, which decreased the biodegradation resistance. These results demonstrated that the Mg-Zn/HA composites were potential implant biomaterials.

The effect of substrate temperature upon the compositions of Mg and Se in Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}Se{sub y}Te{sub 1-y} layer grown by MOVPE

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nishio, M.; Ito, R.; Tanaka, K.; Urata, K.; Nakamura, Y.; Tanaka, T. [Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502 (Japan); Saito, K.; Guo, Q.X. [Synchrotron Light Application Center, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502 (Japan)

2014-07-15

The growth of Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}Se{sub y}Te{sub 1-y} layers was performed on (100) ZnTe substrate by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy using dimethylzinc, bis-methylcyclopentadienyl-magnesium, diethyltelluride and diethylselenide. The effects of substrate temperature upon the compositions of Mg and Se have been investigated. The Mg composition in Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}Se{sub y}Te{sub 1-y} layer is significantly enhanced at low substrate temperature. Although the Se composition decreases with decreasing the substrate temperature, Zn{sub 1-x}Mg{sub x}Se{sub y}Te{sub 1-y} layer with a relatively high Se composition of 0.3 is obtainable at a low substrate temperature as low as 380 C. For all the layers, a two-mode behaviour with ZnTe- and MgTe-like longitudinal optical phonon modes is confirmed by Raman scattering. (copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Dislocation-free growth of quasicrystals from two seeds due to additional phasonic degrees of freedom

Science.gov (United States)

Schmiedeberg, M.; Achim, C. V.; Hielscher, J.; Kapfer, S. C.; Löwen, H.

2017-07-01

We explore the growth of two-dimensional quasicrystals, i.e., aperiodic structures that possess long-range order, from two seeds at various distances and with different orientations by using dynamical phase-field crystal calculations. We compare the results to the growth of periodic crystals from two seeds. There, a domain border consisting of dislocations is observed in case of large distances between the seed and large angles between their orientation. Furthermore, a domain border is found if the seeds are placed at a distance that does not fit to the periodic lattice. In the case of the growth of quasicrystals, we only observe domain borders for large distances and different orientations. Note that all distances do inherently not match to a perfect domain wall-free quasicrystalline structure. Nevertheless, we find dislocation-free growth for all seeds at a small enough distance and for all seeds that approximately have the same orientation. In periodic structures, the stress that occurs due to incommensurate distances between the seeds results in phononic strain fields or, in the case of too large stresses, in dislocations. In contrast, in quasicrystals an additional phasonic strain field can occur and suppress dislocations. Phasons are additional degrees of freedom that are unique to quasicrystals. As a consequence, the additional phasonic strain field helps to distribute the stress and facilitates the growth of dislocation-free quasicrystals from multiple seeds. In contrast, in the periodic case the growth from multiple seeds most likely leads to a structure with multiple domains. Our work lays the theoretical foundations for growing perfect quasicrystals from different seeds and is therefore relevant for many applications.

Structural characterization of ZnO films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire with MgO buffer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pecz, B.; El-Shaer, A.; Bakin, A.; Mofor, A.-C.; Waag, A.; Stoemenos, J.

2006-01-01

The structural characteristics of the ZnO film grown on sapphire substrate using a thin MgO buffer layer were studied using transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution x-ray diffraction. The growth was carried out in a modified plasma-molecular beam epitaxy system. The observed misfit dislocations were well confined at the sapphire overgrown interface exhibiting domain matching epitaxy, where the integral multiples of lattice constants match across the interface. The main extended defects in the ZnO film were the threading dislocations having a mean density of 4x10 9 cm -2 . The formation of the MgO buffer layer as well as the ZnO growth were monitored in situ by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. The very thin ∼1 nm, MgO buffer layer can partially interdiffuse with the ZnO as well as react with the Al 2 O 3 substrate forming an intermediate epitaxial layer having the spinel (MgO/Al 2 O 3 ) structure

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of the [166Dy]Dy/166Ho-EDTMP in vivo generator system in mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pedraza-Lopez, Martha; Ferro-Flores, Guillermina; Arteaga de Murphy, Consuelo; Morales-Ramirez, Pedro; Piedras-Ross, Josefa; Murphy-Stack, Eduardo; Hernandez-Oviedo, Omar

2004-01-01

Multiple myeloma and other hematological malignancies have been treated by myeloablative radiotherapy/chemotherapy and subsequent stem cell transplantation. [ 166 Dy]Dy/ 166 Ho-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP) forms a stable in vivo generator system with selective skeletal uptake in mice; therefore, it could work as a potential and improved agent for marrow ablation. Induced bone marrow cytotoxicity and genotoxicity are determined by the reduction of reticulocytes (RET) and elevation of micronucleated reticulocyte (MN-RET) in peripheral blood and ablation by bone marrow histological studies. The aim of this study was to determine the bone marrow cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of the [ 166 Dy]Dy/ 166 Ho-EDTMP in vivo generator system in mice and to evaluate by histopathology its myeloablative potential. Enriched 166 Dy 2 O 3 was irradiated and [ 166 Dy]DyCl 3 was added to EDTMP in phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) in a molar ratio of 1:1.75. QC was determined by TLC. Dy-EDTMP complex was prepared the same way with nonirradiated dysprosium oxide. A group of BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with the radiopharmaceutical and two groups of control animals were injected with the cold complex and with 0.9% sodium chloride, respectively. A blood sample was taken at the beginning of the experiments and every 48 h for 12 days postinjection. The animals were sacrificed, organs of interest taken out and the radioactivity determined. The femur was used for histological studies. Flow cytometry analysis was used to quantify the frequency of RET and MN-RET in the blood samples. The MCNP4B Monte Carlo computer code was used for dosimetry calculations. Radiochemical purity was 99% and the mean specific activity was 1.3 MBq/mg. The RET and MN-RET frequency were statistically different in the treatment at the end of the 12-day period demonstrating cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by the in vivo generator system. The histology studies show that there was

Quasi-crystalline geometry for architectural structures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wester, Ture; Weinzieri, Barbara

The quasi-crystal (QC) type of material was discovered in 1983 by Dan Schechtman from Technion, Haifa. This new crystalline structure of material broke totally with the traditional conception of crystals and geometry introducing non-periodic close packing of cells with fivefold symmetry in 3D space....... The quasi-crystal geometry can be constructed from two different cubic cells with identical rhombic facets, where the relation between the diagonals is the golden section. All cells have identical rhombic faces, identical edges and identical icosahedral/dodecahedral nodes....

Shape and Site Dependent in Vivo Degradation of Mg-Zn Pins in Rabbit Femoral Condyle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pei Han

2014-02-01

Full Text Available A type of specially designed pin model of Mg-Zn alloy was implanted into the full thickness of lesions of New Zealand rabbits’ femoral condyles. The recovery progress, outer surface healing and in vivo degradation were characterized by various methods including radiographs, Micro-CT scan with surface rendering, SEM (scanning electron microscope with EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis and so on. The in vivo results suggested that a few but not sufficient bridges for holding force were formed between the bone and the implant if there was a preexisting gap between them. The rapid degradation of the implantation in the condyle would result in the appearance of cavities. Morphological evaluation of the specially designed pins indicated that the cusp was the most vulnerable part during degradation. Furthermore, different implantation sites with distinct components and biological functions can lead to different degradation rates of Mg-Zn alloy. The rate of Mg-Zn alloy decreases in the following order: implantation into soft tissue, less trabecular bone, more trabecular bone, and cortical bone. Because of the complexities of in vivo degradation, it is necessary for the design of biomedical Mg-Zn devices to take into consideration the implantation sites used in clinics.

Fabrication and properties of high-strength extruded brass using elemental mixture of Cu-40% Zn alloy powder and Mg particle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Atsumi, Haruhiko, E-mail: atsumi-h@jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp [Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan); Imai, Hisashi; Li, Shufeng; Kondoh, Katsuyoshi [Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 (Japan); Kousaka, Yoshiharu; Kojima, Akimichi [San-etsu Metals Co. Ltd., 1892 Ohta, Tonami, Toyama 939-1315 (Japan)

2012-08-15

In this paper, high-strength brass (Cu-40% Zn) alloy with magnesium (Mg) element was fabricated via powder technology process, and the effect of the additive Mg element on microstructural and mechanical properties of extruded brass alloys with {alpha}-{beta} duplex phases was investigated. Pre-mixed Cu-40% Zn alloy powder with 0.5-1.5 mass% pure Mg powder (Cu-40% Zn + Mg) was consolidated using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) equipment. SPSed Cu-40% Zn + Mg specimens consisted of {alpha}-{beta} duplex phases containing Mg(Cu{sub 1-x}Zn{sub x}){sub 2} intermetallic compounds (IMCs) with a mean particle size of 10-30 {mu}m in diameter. The IMCs were completely dissolved in the {alpha}-{beta} duplex phases by a heat-treatment at 973 K for 15 min; thus, in order to disperse fine IMCs on {alpha}-{beta} duplex phase matrix, the SPSed Cu-40% Zn + Mg specimens were pre-heated at the solid solutionizing condition, and immediately extruded. The extruded specimen exhibited fine {alpha}-{beta} duplex phases, containing very fine precipitates of the above Mg(Cu{sub 1-x}Zn{sub x}){sub 2} IMCs with 0.5-3.0 {mu}m in diameter. In particular, a mean grain size of the extruded Cu-40% Zn + 1.0% Mg specimen was 3.32 {mu}m analyzed using an electron back-scattered diffraction. Tensile properties of the extruded Cu-40% Zn + 1.0% Mg specimen were an average value of yield strength (YS): 328 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS): 553 MPa, and 25% elongation. This indicated that the extruded Cu-40% Zn + 1.0% Mg specimen revealed the significantly high-strength properties compared to a conventional binary brass alloy with 229 MPa YS and 464 MPa UTS. A high strengthening mechanism of this wrought brass alloy was mainly due to the grain refinement because of a pinning effect by the fine Mg(Cu{sub 1-x}Zn{sub x}){sub 2} precipitates at the boundaries of each phase. -- Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer New high-strength extruded brass alloy with Mg was fabricated via powder metallurgy. Black

The precipitation process in Mg-Ca-(Zn) alloys investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ortega, Yanicet; Monge, Miguel Angel; Pareja, Ramiro

2008-01-01

Coincidence doppler broadening (CDB) spectroscopy has been applied to study the precipitation process induced by aging in Mg-1.0 wt.% Ca and Mg-1.0 wt.% Ca-1.0 wt.% Zn alloys. In addition positron lifetime experiments and microhardness measurements have been performed. A peak centered at ∼11.5 x 10 -3 m 0 c is found in the CDB ratio spectra of the alloys aged at 473 K. It is attributed to annihilations with the core electrons of Ca. The results indicate the formation of a particle dispersion that hardens the alloys. This dispersion is correlated with the appearance of the peak attributed to Ca atoms. Zn atoms in the Mg matrix inhibit the formation of quenched-in vacancies bound to Ca atoms in the aged ternary alloy producing the dispersion refinement

Non-stochastic switching and emergence of magnetic vortices in artificial quasicrystal spin ice

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bhat, V.S., E-mail: vinayak.bhat@uky.edu [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055 (United States); Farmer, B.; Smith, N.; Teipel, E.; Woods, J. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055 (United States); Sklenar, J.; Ketterson, J.B. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3112 (United States); Hastings, J.T. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055 (United States); De Long, L.E. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055 (United States)

2014-08-15

Highlights: • We studied magnetic reversal in a fivefold rotational symmetric artificial quasicrystal spin ice. • Our experiments and simulations suggest the presence of non-stochastic switching in the quasicrystal. • Simulations reveal a strong connection between FM reversal and formation of vortex loops in the quasicrystal. • Our study shows that the magnetic reversal in the artificial quasicrystal is a collective phenomenon. - Abstract: Previous studies of artificial spin ice have been largely restricted to periodic dot lattices. Ferromagnetic switching of segments in an applied magnetic field is stochastic in periodic spin ice systems, which makes emergent phenomena, such as the formation of vortex loops, hard to control or predict. We fabricated finite, aperiodic Penrose P2 tilings as antidot lattices with fivefold rotational symmetry in permalloy thin films. Measurements of the field dependence of the static magnetization reveal reproducible knee anomalies whose number and form are temperature dependent, which suggests they mark cooperative rearrangements of the tiling magnetic texture. Our micromagnetic simulations of the P2 tiling are in good agreement with experimental magnetization data and exhibit non-stochastic magnetic switching of segments in applied field, and vortex loops that are stable over an extended field interval during magnetic reversal.

Electrical transport in n-type ZnMgSSe grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marshall, T.; Petruzzello, J.A.; Herko, S.P.

1994-01-01

Significant progress in improving the Performance of blue-green II-VI semiconductor injection lasers has come about from advances in the epitaxial growth and doping of ZnMgSSe on GaAs substrates. This paper investigates electrical transport and its relation to structural quality in n-type Zn 1-y Mg y S x Se 1-x epilayers doped with Cl, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The composition parameters x and y vary from about 0.12-0.18 and 0.08-0.15, respectively. The quaternary epilayers studied are lattice-matched (or nearly so) to the GaAs substrate. Temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements are performed on seven n-type ZnMgSSe:Cl epilayers, and a technique is presented whereby the resulting mobility-vs-temperature data is compared with data for ZnSe to obtain a structural figure of merit that is useful in characterizing the quaternary epilayer. 29 refs., 4 figs

Photodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol catalyzed by Zn/MgO nanoparticles prepared in aqueous-organic medium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ali, Shaista; Farrukh, Muhammad Akhyar; Khaleeq-ur-Rahman, Muhammad

2013-01-01

Synthesis of Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles and zinc deposited magnesium oxide (Zn/MgO) nanoparticles was carried out using hydrothermal and deposition-precipitation method with the variation of 1-Propanol (organic solvent) concentration, sodium hydroxide and urea concentration. The nanoparticles were characterized by using FTIR, TGA, SEM-EDX, TEM and XRD. The photocatalytic efficiency of MgO and Zn/MgO nanoparticles was studied by degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), which is highly acute and toxic and causes skin and eyes diseases, liver malfunction and tumor formation. Photodegradation of TNP was carried out under UV irradiation and confirmed by using HPLC and GC-MS. MgO and Zn/MgO nanoparticles that were synthesized by using urea showed higher first-order rate constant (k) value and percentage degradation as compared to nanoparticles that were synthesized using NaOH. It was observed that the concentration of solvent has direct relation with the k value of degradation of TNP

Photodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol catalyzed by Zn/MgO nanoparticles prepared in aqueous-organic medium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ali, Shaista; Farrukh, Muhammad Akhyar; Khaleeq-ur-Rahman, Muhammad [GC University Lahore, Lahore (Pakistan)

2013-11-15

Synthesis of Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles and zinc deposited magnesium oxide (Zn/MgO) nanoparticles was carried out using hydrothermal and deposition-precipitation method with the variation of 1-Propanol (organic solvent) concentration, sodium hydroxide and urea concentration. The nanoparticles were characterized by using FTIR, TGA, SEM-EDX, TEM and XRD. The photocatalytic efficiency of MgO and Zn/MgO nanoparticles was studied by degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), which is highly acute and toxic and causes skin and eyes diseases, liver malfunction and tumor formation. Photodegradation of TNP was carried out under UV irradiation and confirmed by using HPLC and GC-MS. MgO and Zn/MgO nanoparticles that were synthesized by using urea showed higher first-order rate constant (k) value and percentage degradation as compared to nanoparticles that were synthesized using NaOH. It was observed that the concentration of solvent has direct relation with the k value of degradation of TNP.

Alizarin red S dye removal from contaminated water on calcined [Mg/Al, Zn/Al and MgZn/Al]-LDH

Science.gov (United States)

Aissat, Miloud; Hamouda, Sara; Benhadria, Naceur; Chellali, Rachid; Bettahar, Noureddine

2018-05-01

The waste water rejected by the textile industries is loaded with organic dyes, responsible for the high color present in the effluents. Some dyes and / or their degradation products could be carcinogenic and may have mutagenic properties. The rapid growth of the global economy has caused many environmental problems with a huge pollution problem. The abuse use of chemicals product is an environmental toxicological problem. The consequences can be serious for water resources. In this perspective, our study comes to participate with new means of depollution using new materials with interesting properties in the treatment of pollution. Among these materials, LDHs whose synthesis is easy and inexpensive can be a tool in the treatment of water Polluted [1]. Our contribution consists in using HDL as a means of sorption of dyes which are considered as polluting agents of waters especially for the industry textile. This study considers the removal of the Alizarine Red S (AR) from water on calcined MgAl,ZnAL and MgZnAL-layered double hydroxides. The different LDH was prepared by copreprecipation method. The materials was obtained for molar ratios R =2 for the different LDH. The carbonated layered Calcination of these solids leads to the formation of mixed oxides which have the property of being able to be regenerated by adsorbing new anionic entities. Adsorbents and adsorption products were characterized by physicochemical techniques. The structural characterization of the material was carried out by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Dosages of the polluted solutions were monitored by UV-Visible spectrometry.

Structural and spectral properties of MgZnO2:Sm3+ phosphor

Science.gov (United States)

Rajput, Preasha; Sharma, Pallavi; Biswas, Pankaj; Kamni

2018-05-01

The samarium doped MgZnO2 phosphor was synthesized by the low-cost combustion method. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystallinity and phase purity of the phosphor. The lattice parameters were determined by indexing the diffraction peaks. The photoluminescence (PL) study revealed that the phosphor exhibited a broad excitation band in the UV region ranging between 200 to 350 nm. The 601 nm emission was ascribed to 4G5/2 to 6H7/2 transitions of the Sm3+ ion. The optical bandgap of MgZnO2:Sm3+ was obtained to be 3.56 eV. The phosphor can be projected as a useful material in X- and gamma-ray scintillators.

Dynamics and Geometry of Icosahedral Order in Liquid and Glassy Phases of Metallic Glasses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Masato Shimono

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The geometrical properties of the icosahedral ordered structure formed in liquid and glassy phases of metallic glasses are investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations. We investigate the Zr-Cu alloy system as well as a simple model for binary alloys, in which we can change the atomic size ratio between alloying components. In both cases, we found the same nature of icosahedral order in liquid and glassy phases. The icosahedral clusters are observed in liquid phases as well as in glassy phases. As the temperature approaches to the glass transition point Tg, the density of the clusters rapidly grows and the icosahedral clusters begin to connect to each other and form a medium-range network structure. By investigating the geometry of connection between clusters in the icosahedral network, we found that the dominant connecting pattern is the one sharing seven atoms which forms a pentagonal bicap with five-fold symmetry. From a geometrical point of view, we can understand the mechanism of the formation and growth of the icosahedral order by using the Regge calculus, which is originally employed to formulate a theory of gravity. The Regge calculus tells us that the distortion energy of the pentagonal bicap could be decreased by introducing an atomic size difference between alloying elements and that the icosahedral network would be stabilized by a considerably large atomic size difference.

A novel biodegradable nicotinic acid/calcium phosphate composite coating on Mg-3Zn alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Song, Yingwei, E-mail: ywsong@imr.ac.cn; Shan, Dayong; Han, En-Hou

2013-01-01

A novel biodegradable composite coating is prepared to reduce the biodegradation rate of Mg-3Zn alloy. The Mg-3Zn substrate is first immersed into 0.02 mol L{sup -1} nicotinic acid (NA) solution, named as vitamin B{sub 3}, to obtain a pretreatment film, and then the electrodeposition of calcium phosphate coating with ultrasonic agitation is carried out on the NA pretreatment film to obtain a NA/calcium phosphate composite coating. Surface morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical composition is determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and EDX. Protection property of the coatings is evaluated by electrochemical tests. The biodegradable behavior is investigated by immersion tests. The results indicate that a thin but compact bottom layer can be obtained by NA pretreatment. The electrodeposition calcium phosphate coating consists of many flake particles and ultrasonic agitation can greatly improve the compactness of the coating. The composite coating is biodegradable and can reduce the biodegradation rate of Mg alloys in stimulated body fluid (SBF) for twenty times. The biodegradation process of the composite coating can be attributed to the gradual dissolution of the flake particles into chippings. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer NA/calcium phosphate composite coating is prepared to protect Mg-3Zn alloy implant. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Nicotinic acid (vitamin B{sub 3}) is available to obtain a protective bottom film. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ultrasonic agitation greatly improves the compactness of calcium phosphate coating. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The composite coating can reduce the biodegradation rate of Mg-3Zn twenty times. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The composite coating is biodegraded by the dissolution of flakes into chippings.

Effect of Si, Mn, Sn on Tensile and Corrosion Properties of Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca Alloys for Biodegradable Implant Materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cho, Dae Hyun; Nam, Ji Hoon; Lee, Byeong Woo; Park, Ji Yong; Shin, Hyun Jung; Park, Ik Min [Pusan National University, Busan (Korea, Republic of)

2015-03-15

Effect of elements Si, Mn, Sn on tensile and corrosion properties of Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca alloys were investigated. The results of tensile properties show that the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca alloy increased significantly with the addition of 0.6 wt% Mn. This is considered the grain refinement effect due to addition of Mn. However addition of 0.6 wt% Si decreased yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation. The bio-corrosion behavior of Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-X alloys were investigated using immersion tests and potentiodynamic polarization test in Hank's solution. Immersion test showed that corrosion rate of Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-0.6Mn alloy was the lowest rate and addition of 1.0 wt% Sn accelerated corrosion rate due to micro-galvanic effect in α-Mg/CaMgSn phases interface. And corrosion potential (E{sub c}orr) of Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-0.6Mn alloy was the most noble among Mg-4Zn-0.5Ca-X alloys.

Microstructural characteristics and aging response of Zn-containing Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Cai, Yuan-hua; Wang, Cong; Zhang, Ji-shan

2013-07-01

Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys with and without Zn addition were fabricated by conventional ingot metallurgy method. The microstructures and properties were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tensile test, hardness test, and electrical conductivity measurement. It is found that the as-cast Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Zn alloy is composed of coarse dendritic grains, long needle-like β/δ-AlFeSi white intermetallics, and Chinese script-like α-AlFeSi compounds. During high temperature homogenization treatment, only harmful needle-like β-AlFeSi phase undergoes fragmentation and spheroidizing at its tips, and the destructive needle-like δ-phase does not show any morphological and size changes. Phase transitions from β-AlFeSi to α-AlFeSi and from δ-AlFeSi to β-AlFeSi are also not found. Zn addition improves the aging hardening response during the former aging stage and postpones the peak-aged hardness to a long aging time. In T4 condition, Zn addition does not obviously increase the yield strength and decrease the elongation, but it markedly improves paint-bake hardening response during paint-bake cycle. The addition of 0.5wt% Zn can lead to an increment of 99 MPa in yield strength compared with the value of 69 MPa for the alloy without Zn after paint-bake cycle.

Sol-Gel Derived Hydroxyapatite Coating on Mg-3Zn Alloy for Orthopedic Application

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Sanjay; Manoj Kumar, R.; Kuntal, Kishor Kumar; Gupta, Pallavi; Das, Snehashish; Jayaganthan, R.; Roy, Partha; Lahiri, Debrupa

2015-04-01

In recent years, magnesium and its alloys have gained a lot of interest as orthopedic implant constituents because their biodegradability and mechanical properties are closer to that of human bone. However, one major concern with Mg in orthopedics is its high corrosion rate that results in the reduction of mechanical integrity before healing the bone tissue. The current study evaluates the sol-gel-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on a selected Mg alloy (Mg-3Zn) for decreasing the corrosion rate and increasing the bioactivity of the Mg surface. The mechanical integrity of the coating is established as a function of the surface roughness of the substrate and the sintering temperature of the coating. Coating on a substrate roughness of 15-20 nm and sintering at 400°C shows the mechanical properties in similar range of bone, thus making it suitable to avoid the stress-shielding effect. The hydroxyapatite coating on the Mg alloy surface also increases corrosion resistance very significantly by 40 times. Bone cells are also found proliferating better in the HA-coated surface. All these benefits together establish the candidature of sol-gel HA-coated Mg-3Zn alloy in orthopedic application.

Synthesis of Zn(BH{sub 4}){sub 2} and Gas Absorption and Release Characteristics of Zn(BH{sub 4}){sub 2}, Ni, or Ti-Added MgH{sub 2}–Based Alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kwak, Young Jun; Lee, Seong Ho; Kwon, Sung Nam; Park Il Woo; Song, Myoung Youp [Chonbuk National University, Jeonju (Korea, Republic of)

2015-07-15

A sample [named Zn(BH{sub 4}){sub 2}(+NaCl)] was synthesized by milling ZnCl{sub 2} and NaBH{sub 4} at 400 rpm under argon gas for 2 h. And Zn(BH{sub 4}){sub 2}(+NaCl)+MgH{sub 2} sample was prepared by milling MgH{sub 2} in a planetary ball mill and mixing with the Zn(BH{sub 4}){sub 2}(+NaCl) synthesized by milling for 4 h in a mortar with a pestle. Then the gas-release characteristics of the two samples were investrigated. Analyses of XRD patterns and FT-IR spectra, as well as TGA, DTA, and SEM observations, were also performed. After heating the samples to 400 ℃, the weight losses of Zn(BH{sub 4}){sub 2}(+NaCl) and Zn(BH{sub 4}){sub 2}(+NaCl)+MgH{sub 2} were 11.2 and 8.2 wt%, respectively, with respect to the sample weight. The DTA results for the two samples showed a decomposition peak for Zn(BH{sub 4}){sub 2} at about 61 ℃. The DTA result of Zn(BH{sub 4}){sub 2}(+NaCl) + MgH{sub 2} showed a decomposition peak for MgH{sub 2} at about 374 ℃. A sample of Zn(BH{sub 4}){sub 2}(+NaCl)+MgH{sub 2} to which Ni, and Ti were added, with a composition of 90 wt% MgH{sub 2}-5 wt% Zn(BH{sub 4}){sub 2}(+NaCl)-2.5 wt% Ni-2.5 wt% Ti, in which a large amount of MgH2 is contained in order to make a large quantity of hydrogen be absorbed and released reversibly, was also prepared. The experimental results showed that addition of Zn(BH{sub 4}){sub 2}(+NaCl), Ni, or Ti increased the dehydriding rate of MgH{sub 2}, while decreased its initial hydriding rate.

Photoluminescence spectroscopy and positron annihilation spectroscopy probe of alloying and annealing effects in nonpolar m-plane ZnMgO thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, A. L.; Song, H. P.; Liang, D. C.; Wei, H. Y.; Liu, X. L.; Jin, P.; Qin, X. B.; Yang, S. Y.; Zhu, Q. S.; Wang, Z. G.

2010-04-01

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence characteristics of non-polar m-plane ZnO and ZnMgO alloy films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition have been studied. The enhancement in emission intensity caused by localized excitons in m-plane ZnMgO alloy films was directly observed and it can be further improved after annealing in nitrogen. The concentration of Zn vacancies in the films was increased by alloying with Mg, which was detected by positron annihilation spectroscopy. This result is very important to directly explain why undoped Zn1-xMgxO thin films can show p-type conduction by controlling Mg content, as discussed by Li et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 232115 (2007)].

Effect of Zn and Mg in tricalcium phosphate and in culture medium on apoptosis and actin ring formation of mature osteoclasts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Xia; Ito, Atsuo; Sogo, Yu; Senda, Koji; Yamazaki, Atsushi

2008-01-01

This study investigated the resorptive activity of osteoclasts on tricalcium phosphate (TCP), zinc-containing tricalcium phosphate (ZnTCP) and magnesium-containing tricalcium phosphate (MgTCP) ceramics in different Zn- or Mg-containing culture media. On the TCP ceramic, an increase in Zn ions in the culture medium within the range between 0.3 and 6.8 ppm significantly induced an increase in osteoclast apoptosis and a decrease in actin ring formation. However, even a high level of Mg ions up to 100 ppm in the culture medium was unlikely to induce an increase in osteoclast apoptosis. Mg ions in the MgTCP ceramics have no effect on osteoclast apoptosis and actin ring formation. There was almost no significant difference in osteoclast apoptosis and actin ring formation between ZnTCP and MgTCP ceramics which have the same solubility and dissolution rates. It is indicated that only an increase in Zn level outside resorption lacuna has an inhibitory effect on osteoclast resorption and that an increase in Zn level inside resorption lacuna could not influence the osteoclast activity.

Avalanche solar blind photodetectors based on single crystalline Mg0.47Zn0.53O thin film on Ga:ZnO substrate

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Hao; Zhang, Jingtao; Chen, Zuxin; Liu, Huiqiang; Ma, Xinzhou; Li, Qiuguo; Chu, Guang; Chu, Sheng

2018-05-01

Single crystalline wurtzite Mg0.47Zn0.53O films were grown on Ga:ZnO substrates by pulse laser deposition. The band gap of the films was measured to be 4.43 eV. Vertical devices were fabricated for solar blind photodetection, realizing a high responsivity of 2 A W‑1 at 278 nm and  ‑5 V bias as well as a rejection ratio (R 278 nm/R 350 nm) of over 6  ×  103. A cut-off wavelength of 286 nm and a response time of 77 ms were also achieved. Besides, the devices showed stable response without degeneration under repeating illumination. The high performance of this photodetector was analyzed and attributed to the avalanche effect from high quality Mg0.47Zn0.53O/Ga:ZnO heterojunction at reverse bias. The avalanche gain was calculated to be 14.5 at  ‑10 V.

How to distinguish perfect quasi-crystals from twins and other structures using diffraction experiments?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wolny, J.

1992-01-01

Performing diffraction experiments for various lengths of coherent scattering and using the scaling of peak intensities on a number of atoms one can experimentally distinguish quasi-crystals from the other structures (e.g. twins or random). For perfect quasi-crystals peak intensities scale as N 2 , for other structures this scaling depends on concentration of atoms, behaving critical for Penrose concentration. 3 figs., 8 refs. (author)

Mathematical theory of elasticity of quasicrystals and its applications

CERN Document Server

Fan, Tianyou

2011-01-01

This book presents a clear-cut, strict and systematic mathematical overview of the continuum mechanics of novel materials, condensed matter physics and partial differential equations, and explores the mathematical theory of elasticity of quasicrystals.

Microstructures, mechanical and corrosion properties and biocompatibility of as extruded Mg-Mn-Zn-Nd alloys for biomedical applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Ying-Long; Li, Yuncang; Luo, Dong-Mei; Ding, Yunfei; Hodgson, Peter

2015-04-01

Extruded Mg-1Mn-2Zn-xNd alloys (x=0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mass %) have been developed for their potential use as biomaterials. The extrusion on the alloys was performed at temperature of 623K with an extrusion ratio of 14.7 under an average extrusion speed of 4mm/s. The microstructure, mechanical property, corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of the extruded Mg-Mn-Zn-Nd alloys have been investigated in this study. The microstructure was examined using X-ray diffraction analysis and optical microscopy. The mechanical properties were determined from uniaxial tensile and compressive tests. The corrosion behavior was investigated using electrochemical measurement. The biocompatibility was evaluated using osteoblast-like SaOS2 cells. The experimental results indicate that all extruded Mg-1Mn-2Zn-xNd alloys are composed of both α phase of Mg and a compound of Mg7Zn3 with very fine microstructures, and show good ductility and much higher mechanical strength than that of cast pure Mg and natural bone. The tensile strength and elongation of the extruded alloys increase with an increase in neodymium content. Their compressive strength does not change significantly with an increase in neodymium content. The extruded alloys show good biocompatibility and much higher corrosion resistance than that of cast pure Mg. The extruded Mg-1Mn-2Zn-1.0Nd alloy shows a great potential for biomedical applications due to the combination of enhanced mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Neutron monochromators of BeO, MgO and ZnO single crystals

Science.gov (United States)

Adib, M.; Habib, N.; Bashter, I. I.; Morcos, H. N.; El-Mesiry, M. S.; Mansy, M. S.

2014-05-01

The monochromatic features of BeO, MgO and ZnO single crystals are discussed in terms of orientation, mosaic spread, and thickness within the wavelength band from 0.05 up to 0.5 nm. A computer program MONO, written in “FORTRAN”, has been developed to carry out the required calculations. Calculation shows that a 5 mm thick MgO single crystal cut along its (2 0 0) plane having mosaic spread of 0.5° FWHM has the optimum parameters when it is used as a neutron monochromator. Moreover, at wavelengths shorter than 0.24 nm the reflected monochromatic neutrons are almost free from the higher order ones. The same features are seen with BeO (0 0 2) with less reflectivity than that of the former. Also, ZnO cut along its (0 0 2) plane is preferred over the others only at wavelengths longer than 0.20 nm. When the selected monochromatic wavelength is longer than 0.24 nm, the neutron intensities of higher orders from a thermal reactor flux are higher than those of the first-order one. For a cold reactor flux, the first order of BeO and MgO single crystals is free from the higher orders up to 0.4 nm, and ZnO at wavelengths up to 0.5 nm.

Optical properties of NbCl5 and ZnMg intercalated graphite compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jung, Eilho; Lee, Seokbae; Roh, Seulki; Kang, Jihoon; Park, Tuson; Hwang, Jungseek; Meng, Xiuqing; Tongay, Sefaattin

2014-01-01

We studied NbCl 5 and ZnMg alloy intercalated graphite compounds using an optical spectroscopy technique. These intercalated metallic graphite samples were quite challenging to obtain optical reflectance spectra since they were not flat and quite thin. By using both a new method and an in situ gold evaporation technique we were able to obtain reliable reflectance spectra of our samples in the far and mid infrared range (80–7000 cm −1 ). We extracted the optical constants including the optical conductivity and the dielectric function from the measured reflectance spectra using a Kramers–Kronig analysis. We also extracted the dc conductivity and the plasma frequencies from the optical conductivity and dielectric functions. NbCl 5 intercalated graphite samples show similar optical conductivity spectra as bare highly oriented pyrolytic graphite even though there are some differences in detail. ZnMg intercalated samples show significantly different optical conductivity spectra from the bare graphite. Optical spectroscopy is one of the most reliable experimental techniques to obtain the electronic band structures of materials. The obtained optical conductivities support the recent theoretically calculated electronic band structures of NbCl 5 and ZnMg intercalated graphite compounds. Our results also provide important information of electronic structures and charge carrier properties of these two new intercalated materials for applications. (paper)

The precipitation process in Mg-Ca-(Zn) alloys investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ortega, Yanicet [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes (Spain); Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid (Spain)], E-mail: yanicet@fis.ucm.es; Monge, Miguel Angel; Pareja, Ramiro [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganes (Spain)

2008-09-08

Coincidence doppler broadening (CDB) spectroscopy has been applied to study the precipitation process induced by aging in Mg-1.0 wt.% Ca and Mg-1.0 wt.% Ca-1.0 wt.% Zn alloys. In addition positron lifetime experiments and microhardness measurements have been performed. A peak centered at {approx}11.5 x 10{sup -3}m{sub 0}c is found in the CDB ratio spectra of the alloys aged at 473 K. It is attributed to annihilations with the core electrons of Ca. The results indicate the formation of a particle dispersion that hardens the alloys. This dispersion is correlated with the appearance of the peak attributed to Ca atoms. Zn atoms in the Mg matrix inhibit the formation of quenched-in vacancies bound to Ca atoms in the aged ternary alloy producing the dispersion refinement.

Plaster Covering of Octagonal MnSiAl Quasicrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ben-Abraham, S.; Gahlert, F.

1999-01-01

A likely mechanism for the formation of quasicrystals is by maximally covering space with overlapping stable atomic clusters. This presumably minimizes the energy and also creates long-range correlations and order. The purely geometric aspect was studied by Gummelt who proved that the Penrose tiling could be produced by covering the plane with overlapping copies of a single decagonal patch. Octagonal quasicrystalline phases closely related to the β-Mn structure have been observed in the CrNiSi, VNiSi, MoCrNi and MnsiAl systems. Jiang, Hovmoller and Zou have experimentally determined the structure of Mn 80 Si 15 Al 5 . It is a layer structure composed of octagonal layers A alternating with tetragonal layers B' and B'' (mutually rotated by 450 with an 84 screw axis. The layers can be described as decorations of the octagonal Ammann-Beenker tiling (ABT). The edge decoration is imposed by the structure itself in a natural way, thus, together with the maximal covering condition, enforcing the ABT. We represent the decoration abstractly by a novel two-color version of ABT, which, incidentally, has also considerable aesthetic appeal. The covering atomic cluster of the quasicrystal corresponds to an octagonal patch of the colored tiling. The pitch appears in two variants with complementary colors. Our construction yields in a natural way also the translation module (the generalization of the lattice concept) and the correct space group of the complete 3D quasicrystal. They are the centered octagonal module and the space group I8 4 /mcm, respectively

Direct observation of the crystal structure changes in the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O alloy system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoo, Seung Jo; Lee, Ji-Hyun; Kim, Chang-Yeon [Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Chang Hoi [Department of Nano Semiconductor Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-Gu, Busan 606-791 (Korea, Republic of); Shin, Jae Won [Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806 (Korea, Republic of); Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Hong Seung, E-mail: hongseung@hhu.ac.kr [Department of Nano Semiconductor Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-Gu, Busan 606-791 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jin-Gyu, E-mail: jjintta@kbsi.re.kr [Nano-Bio Electron Microscopy Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806 (Korea, Republic of)

2015-08-03

We directly observed the crystal structure changes of the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O alloy thin film deposited on Si (111) substrates. Through the in situ heating transmission electron microscopy study, it was determined that the crystal structure changes did not occur up to at 400 °C, whereas the disappearance of the hexagonal structure was observed at 500 °C in the layer of nanosized grains. Additionally, the decreased intensity of the Zn L-edge was analyzed in the comparison of the core loss electron energy loss spectroscopy spectra of the Zn L-edge and the Mg K-edge obtained at room temperature and 500 °C. Based on these experimental results, the process of crystal structure changes could be explained by the evaporation of Zn atoms in the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O alloy system. This phenomenon is prominent in the improvement of the microstructure of the Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O alloy thin film by controlling the thermal annealing temperature. - Highlights: • Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1−x}O thin films coexisting with cubic and hexagonal structures were deposited. • Crystal structure changes of the thin films were directly observed at 500 °C. • The process of microstructure changes could be caused by the evaporation of Zn atoms.

Biodegradation Resistance and Bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite Enhanced Mg-Zn Composites via Selective Laser Melting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cijun Shuai

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Mg-Zn alloys have attracted great attention as implant biomaterials due to their biodegradability and biomechanical compatibility. However, their clinical application was limited due to the too rapid degradation. In the study, hydroxyapatite (HA was incorporated into Mg-Zn alloy via selective laser melting. Results showed that the degradation rate slowed down due to the decrease of grain size and the formation of protective layer of bone-like apatite. Moreover, the grain size continually decreased with increasing HA content, which was attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation and increased number of nucleation particles in the process of solidification. At the same time, the amount of bone-like apatite increased because HA could provide favorable areas for apatite nucleation. Besides, HA also enhanced the hardness due to the fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening. However, some pores occurred owing to the agglomerate of HA when its content was excessive, which decreased the biodegradation resistance. These results demonstrated that the Mg-Zn/HA composites were potential implant biomaterials.

Structural and optical properties of magnetron sputtered Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumar, Sanjeev; Gupte, Vinay; Sreenivas, K [Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007 (India)

2006-04-05

Mg{sub x}Zn{sub 1-x}O (MZO) thin films prepared by an rf magnetron sputtering technique are reported. The films were grown at room temperature and at relatively low rf power of 50 W. MZO thin films were found to possess preferred c-axis orientation and exhibited hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO up to a Mg concentration of 42 mol%. A small variation in the c-axis lattice parameter of around 0.3% was observed with increasing Mg composition, showing the complete solubility of Mg in ZnO. The band gap of the MZO films in the wurtzite phase varied linearly with the Mg concentration and a maximum band gap {approx}4.19 eV was achieved at x = 0.42. The refractive indices of the MgO films were found to decrease with increasing Mg content. The observed optical dispersion data are in agreement with the single oscillator model. A photoluminescence study revealed a blue shift in the near band edge emission peak with increasing Mg content in the MZO films. The results show the potential of MZO films in various opto-electronic applications.

Synthesis of novel Dy3+ activated phosphate phosphors for NUV excited LED

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shinde, K.N.; Dhoble, S.J.; Kumar, Animesh

2011-01-01

The new trivalent dysprosium activated X 6 AlP 5 O 20 (where X=Sr, Ba, Ca and Mg) phosphors were prepared by the combustion method. The prepared phosphors are characterized by XRD, photoluminescence and SEM techniques. Excited by 350 nm near-ultraviolet (NUV) light, the phosphors show an efficient blue and yellow band emissions, which originates from the 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 15/2 and 4 F 9/2 → 6 H 13/2 transitions of Dy 3+ ion, respectively. The excitation spectra of the phosphors are broadband extending from 340 to 400 nm, which are characteristics of NUV excited LED. The effect of the Dy 3+ concentration on the luminescence properties of X 6 AlP 5 O 20 :Dy 3+ (where X=Sr, Ba, Ca and Mg) phosphors is studied. Ca 6 AlP 5 O 20 phosphors show strong PL emission intensity around 25 times more as compared to Ba 6 AlP 5 O 20 , Sr 6 AlP 5 O 20 and Mg 6 AlP 5 O 20 phosphors. The investigated prepared phosphors are suitable for a NUV excited LED. - Research highlights: → Novel Dy 3+ activated X 6 AlP 5 O 20 (where X=Sr,Ba,Ca and Mg) phosphors were prepared by combustion method which is very low cost and time saving synthesis method. → The excitation spectra of the phosphors are broad band extending from 340 nm to 400 nm, which is characteristics of NUV excited LED. → PL emission spectra show two emissions (485 and 573 nm) and X 6 AlP 5 O 20 :Dy 3+ 0.5 mol% (where X=Sr,Ba,Ca and Mg) phosphors shows strongest PL emission intensity. → SEM analysis indicates that phosphor particles have irregular shape, porous morphology and less than 3-4 μm in size, which is suitable for the solid state lighting (coating purpose).

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite of ZnO and MgO by Sonochemical Method and their Application for Zinc Polycarboxylate Dental Cement Preparation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohammad Ali Karimi

2011-01-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses the synthesis of nanoparticles of ZnO and MgO and ZnO/MgO nanocomposite by the sonochemical method. At first, nanoparticles were synthesized by the reaction of Zn(CHCOO32 and Mg(CHCOO32 with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP and constant frequency ultrasonic waves (sonochemical method. Then, ZnO/MgO nanocomposite was prepared through reaction of magnesium acetate with TMAH in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles and PVP as structure director using ultrasonic assisted method. After filtration, the synthesized solution was obtained containing magnesium hydroxide in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles. It was calcinated at the temperature of 550 ºC, so that ZnO/MgO nanocomposite could be produced. The effects of different parameters on particle size and morphology of final ZnO and MgO powders and ZnO/MgO nanocomposite were optimized by ‘‘one at a time’’ method. Under optimum conditions, spongy shaped, uniformed and homogeneous nanostructured zinc oxide and magnesium oxide powders were obtained with particle sizes of 25–50 and 30-60 nm, respectively. ZnO/MgO nanocomposite was also obtained with more spongy morphology and particle size about 65 nm. Both synthesized ZnO and MgO nanoparticles and ZnO/MgO nanocomposite were successfully applied to the preparation of zinc polycarboxylate dental cement.

Phase transitions in ZnTe co-doped with Mg and oxygen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elyukhin, V.A.; Sorokina, L.P. [Departamento de Ingenieria Electrica, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, Mexico, D.F., 07360 (Mexico); Rodriguez de Santiago, M. [Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica Petrolera, IPN, Edif. 8, Mexico, D.F., 07738 (Mexico)

2007-05-15

Self-assembling of 1O4Mg tetrahedral clusters in ZnTe isoelectronically co-doped with Mg and oxygen in the ultra dilute oxygen impurity limit is described by a phase diagram. The occurrence of 1O4Mg clusters is a result of the second-order transition. The final stage of self-assembling when all oxygen impurities are in 1O4Mg clusters has to be reached also as a result of the second-order transition at the temperature close to the temperature of the occurrence of these clusters. The conditions of these phase transitions are obtained. (copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Search for neutrinoless double-electron capture of 156Dy

Science.gov (United States)

Finch, S. W.; Tornow, W.

2015-12-01

Background: Multiple large collaborations are currently searching for neutrinoless double-β decay, with the ultimate goal of differentiating the Majorana-Dirac nature of the neutrino. Purpose: Investigate the feasibility of resonant neutrinoless double-electron capture, an experimental alternative to neutrinoless double-β decay. Method: Two clover germanium detectors were operated underground in coincidence to search for the de-excitation γ rays of 156Gd following the neutrinoless double-electron capture of 156Dy. 231.95 d of data were collected at the Kimballton underground research facility with a 231.57 mg enriched 156Dy sample. Results: No counts were seen above background and half-life limits are set at O (1016-1018) yr for the various decay modes of 156Dy. Conclusion: Low background spectra were efficiently collected in the search for neutrinoless double-electron capture of 156Dy, although the low natural abundance and associated lack of large quantities of enriched samples hinders the experimental reach.

The RNA of turnip yellow mosaic virus exhibits icosahedral order

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Larson, Steven B.; Lucas, Robert W.; Greenwood, Aaron; McPherson, Alexander

2005-01-01

Difference electron density maps, based on structure factor amplitudes and experimental phases from crystals of wild-type turnip yellow mosaic virus and those of empty capsids prepared by freeze-thawing, show a large portion of the encapsidated RNA to have an icosahedral distribution. Four unique segments of base-paired, double-helical RNA, one to two turns in length, lie between 33-A and 101-A radius and are organized about either 2-fold or 5-fold icosahedral axes. In addition, single-stranded loops of RNA invade the pentameric and hexameric capsomeres where they contact the interior capsid surface. The remaining RNA, not seen in electron density maps, must serve as connecting links between these secondary structural elements and is likely icosahedrally disordered. The distribution of RNA observed crystallographically appears to be in agreement with models based on biochemical data and secondary structural analyses

Effect of Mg, Ca, and Zn on stability of LiBH{sub 4} through computational thermodynamics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Sung Hoon; Manga, Venkateswara Rao; Liu, Zi-Kui [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 (United States)

2010-07-15

The effect of divalent metal-dopants, Mg, Ca, and Zn, on the stability of LiBH{sub 4} is studied by using the first-principles calculations and CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) modeling. The ground states of Mg{sub 1/2}BH{sub 4}, Ca{sub 1/2}BH{sub 4}, and Zn{sub 1/2}BH{sub 4} are shown to be I anti 4m2, F2dd, and I anti 4m2, respectively, through first-principles calculations. Positive enthalpy of mixing between Li and the alloying element is predicted, indicating unfavorable solubility of alloying elements in LiBH{sub 4} and thus offering possibility to decrease the stability of LiBH{sub 4}. The ionic sublattice model of (Li{sup +}, M{sup 2+}, Va){sub 1}(BH{sub 4}{sup -}){sub 1} is adopted for the metal substituted LiBH{sub 4} phase. It is observed that the addition of Mg or Zn has limited effect as the decomposition temperature is between those of LiBH{sub 4} and M{sub 1/2}BH{sub 4} for Mg and Zn substitutions. LiBH{sub 4} is destabilized with magnesium borides or LiZn{sub 4} formation but its decomposition temperature is higher than that of M{sub 1/2}BH{sub 4}. On the other hand, the addition of Ca significantly reduces the H{sub 2} releasing temperature due to the formation of highly stable CaB{sub 6}. (author)

Symmetry, stability, and diffraction properties of icosahedral crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bak, P.

1985-01-01

In a remarkable experiment on an Mn-Al alloy, Shechtman et al. observed a diffraction spectrum with icosahedral symmetry. This is inconsistent with discrete translational invariance since the symmetry includes a five-fold axis. In this paper, it is shown that the crystallography and diffraction pattern can be described by a six-dimensional space group. The crystal structure in 3d is obtained as a cut along a 3d hyperplane in a regular 6d crystal. Displacements of the 6d crystal along 6 orthogonal directions define 6 continuous symmetries for the icosahedral crystal, three of which are phase symmetries describing internal rearrangements of the atoms

Dy{sup 3+} ions as optical probes for studying structure of boro-tellurite glasses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tuyen, Vu Phi, E-mail: vptuyen@gust-edu.vast.vn [Duytan University, K7/25 Quang Trung, Da Nang (Viet Nam); Graduate University of Science and Technology – VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi (Viet Nam); Sengthong, Bounyavong; Quang, Vu Xuan [Duytan University, K7/25 Quang Trung, Da Nang (Viet Nam); Van Do, Phan [Thuyloi University, 175 Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi (Viet Nam); Van Tuyen, Ho; Xuan Hung, Le [Duytan University, K7/25 Quang Trung, Da Nang (Viet Nam); Thanh, Nguyen Trong [Institute of Materials Science – VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi (Viet Nam); Nogami, Masayuki [Duytan University, K7/25 Quang Trung, Da Nang (Viet Nam); Toyota Physical and Chemical research Institute (Japan); Hayakawa, Tomokatsu [Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokisocho Showaku, 466-8555 Nagoya, Aichiken (Japan); Huy, Bui The, E-mail: buithehuy.nt@gmail.com [Duytan University, K7/25 Quang Trung, Da Nang (Viet Nam); Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773 (Korea, Republic of)