Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hyptis pectinata (l.) Poit

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Patricia O.; Costa, Marcilene de J. C.; Alves, Jose A.B.; Nascimento, Paula F.C.; Melo, Dangelly L.F.M. de; Barbosa Junior, Antonio M.; Trindade, Rita de C.; Blank, Arie F.; Arrigoni-Blank, Maria F.; Alves, Pericles B.; Nascimento, Maria da Paz F. do

2008-01-01

Essential oil was extracted from leaves of Hyptis pectinata using hydrodistillation, and its composition determined using GC-FID and GC-MS. Chemical analysis showed that there was a predominance of sesquiterpenes, of which b-caryophyllene (18.34%), caryophyllene oxide (18.00%) and calamusenone (24.68%) were measured for the first time in the genus Hyptis. Twenty-one compounds were identified, and calamusenone was isolated using preparative thin layer chromatography with a silica gel plate (60 PF 254 ). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) were determined for various pathogenic microorganisms. H. pectinata oil was most effective against Gram (+) bacteria and yeasts. (author)

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Hyptis pectinata (l.) Poit

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santos, Patricia O.; Costa, Marcilene de J. C.; Alves, Jose A.B.; Nascimento, Paula F.C.; Melo, Dangelly L.F.M. de; Barbosa Junior, Antonio M.; Trindade, Rita de C. [Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE (Brazil). Dept. de Morfologia]. E-mail: ritinhat@hotmail.com; Blank, Arie F. [Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Agronomica; Arrigoni-Blank, Maria F. [Nucleo de Ciencias Biologicas, Itabaiana, SE (Brazil). Campus Prof. Alberto Carvalho; Alves, Pericles B. [Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica; Nascimento, Maria da Paz F. do [Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica

2008-07-01

Essential oil was extracted from leaves of Hyptis pectinata using hydrodistillation, and its composition determined using GC-FID and GC-MS. Chemical analysis showed that there was a predominance of sesquiterpenes, of which b-caryophyllene (18.34%), caryophyllene oxide (18.00%) and calamusenone (24.68%) were measured for the first time in the genus Hyptis. Twenty-one compounds were identified, and calamusenone was isolated using preparative thin layer chromatography with a silica gel plate (60 PF{sub 254}). The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) were determined for various pathogenic microorganisms. H. pectinata oil was most effective against Gram (+) bacteria and yeasts. (author)

Comparative anatomy of leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata and K. crenata in sun and shade conditions, as a support for their identification

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Nattacha S. Moreira

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam. Pers. and K. crenata (Andrews Haw., Crassulaceae, are popularly used in the treatment of many diseases. Their biological activities, such as anti-leishmaniasis and analgesic, can be useful in phytotherapy. Both species are often misidentified as the other, because of their similar popular uses and names, and the similar external morphology of the leaves. We investigated the existence of anatomical characters that will permit correct identification of the species grown in shade and in sun conditions. We also contribute with new observations on the leaf anatomy of K. pinnata and K. crenata. Fixed (FAA70 leaves were used, and their sections were embedded in Leica historesin. Hydathodes were observed in both species, and for the first time were anatomically described in K. crenata. The species showed anatomical differences in relation to the presence of epidermal idioblasts only in K. crenata, the different pattern of distribution of subepidermal idioblasts, and the presence of leaf buds only in K. pinnata.

Comparative anatomy of leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata and K. crenata in sun and shade conditions, as a support for their identification

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Nattacha S. Moreira

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam. Pers. and K. crenata (Andrews Haw., Crassulaceae, are popularly used in the treatment of many diseases. Their biological activities, such as anti-leishmaniasis and analgesic, can be useful in phytotherapy. Both species are often misidentified as the other, because of their similar popular uses and names, and the similar external morphology of the leaves. We investigated the existence of anatomical characters that will permit correct identification of the species grown in shade and in sun conditions. We also contribute with new observations on the leaf anatomy of K. pinnata and K. crenata. Fixed (FAA70 leaves were used, and their sections were embedded in Leica historesin. Hydathodes were observed in both species, and for the first time were anatomically described in K. crenata. The species showed anatomical differences in relation to the presence of epidermal idioblasts only in K. crenata, the different pattern of distribution of subepidermal idioblasts, and the presence of leaf buds only in K. pinnata.

Gastroprotective effect of alpha-pinene and its correlation with antiulcerogenic activity of essential oils obtained from Hyptis species

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Pinheiro, Marcelo de Almeida; Magalhães, Rafael Matos; Torres, Danielle Mesquita; Cavalcante, Rodrigo Cardoso; Mota, Francisca Sheila Xavier; Oliveira Coelho, Emanuela Maria Araújo; Moreira, Henrique Pires; Lima, Glauber Cruz; Araújo, Pamella Cristina da Costa; Cardoso, José Henrique Leal; de Souza, Andrelina Noronha Coelho; Diniz, Lúcio Ricardo Leite

2015-01-01

Background: Alpha-pinene (α-pinene) is a monoterpene commonly found in essential oils with gastroprotective activity obtained from diverse medicinal plants, including Hyptis species. The genus Hyptis (lamiaceae) consists of almost 400 species widespread in tropical and temperate regions of America. In the north and northeastern Brazil, some Hyptis species are used in traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disturbances. Objective: The present study has investigated the gastoprotective effect of purified α-pinene in experimental gastric ulcer induced by ethanol and indomethacin in mice. Materials and Methods: Gastric ulcers were induced in male Swiss mice (20-30 g) by oral administration of absolute ethanol or indomethacin 45 min after oral pretreatment with vehicle, standard control drugs or α-pinene (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg). One hour after the ulcerative challenges, the stomach were removed, and gastric lesions areas measured. The effects of α-pinene on the gastric juice acidity were determined by pylorus ligation model. The gastrointestinal motility and mucus depletion were determined by measuring the gastric levels of phenol red and alcian blue, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of gastric mucosa of the experimental groups were used for histology analysis. Results: α-pinene pretreatment inhibited ethanol-induced gastric lesions, reduced volume and acidity of the gastric juice and increased gastric wall mucus (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we showed an interesting correlation between concentration of α-pinene and gastroprotective effect of Hyptis species (P Pearson = 0.98). Conclusion: Our data showed that the α-pinene exhibited significant antiulcerogenic activity and a great correlation between concentration of α-pinene and gastroprotective effect of Hyptis species was also observed. PMID:25709221

Essais préliminaires d'utilisation de Kalanchoe crenata (Crassulacée dans la prophylaxie et le traitement de la coccidiose aviaire

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Agbédé, G.

1993-01-01

Full Text Available Preliminary studies on the utilization of Kalanchoe crenata (Crassulacea in the prophylaxis and treatment of avian coccidiosis. In an experiment aiming at evaluating the efficiency of Kalanchoe crenata (Crassulacea leaves in preventing avian coccidiosis as compared to "Amprolsol" (Amprolium, MSD, 90 "Hybro lourd" breed of broiler chickens were divided into 3 equal groups : A (control, B (treated with infusions of K. crenata leaves, and C (treated with "Amprolsol". Based on the number of oocysts per gram of feces (opg noted until the 7th week of the experiment, it was shown that K. crenata limited oocyst excretion (73.9 % reduction compared to the control treatment, but this occured to a lesser extend than "Amprolsol" (95.7 % reduction compared to the control. In a second experiment designed to compare the effects of the plant in reducing oocyst output to those of the commercial drug, 60 "Hybro lourd" chickens were divided into 2 equal groups D (treated with plant infusions and E (treated with "Amprolsol". The commercial drug reduced the opg by 96.3 % against a 73.4 % reduction for the plant. Given the encouraging results this experiment produced, more advanced studies have to be undertaken to more efficiently use and find the active anticoccidial principles in K. crenata leaves.

Antihyperglycaemic potential of the water-ethanol extract of Kalanchoe crenata (Crassulaceae).

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Kamgang, René; Mboumi, Rostand Youmbi; Fondjo, Angèle Foyet; Tagne, Michel Archange Fokam; N'dillé, Gabriel Patrice Roland Mengue; Yonkeu, Jeanne Ngogang

2008-01-01

Kalanchoe crenata is a vegetable widely used in Cameroon and largely efficient in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The effect of the water-ethanol extract of this plant (WEKC) on blood glucose levels was investigated in fasting normal and diet-induced diabetic rats (MACAPOS 1) after a short- and medium-term treatment. Diabetes was induced by submitting Wistar rats to a hypercaloric sucrose diet over 4 months. Six hours after a single oral administration of WEKC, 135 and 200 mg kg(-1) body weight extracts significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the blood glucose levels both in normal and diabetic rats without real dose-dependent effect. During the medium-term treatment, 200 mg kg(-1) WEKC administered daily for 4 weeks significantly reduced blood glucose levels within week 1 (P < 0.05), with a maximum effect at week 4 (-52%, P < 0.01), while maintaining glycaemia within the normal range. All the WEKC-treated diabetic rats exhibited significant (P < 0.01) increase in insulin sensitivity index (K (ITT)) compared with the initial time and to the untreated diabetic animals. Animals treated for 4 weeks exhibited a slight resistance in body-weight gain and decrease in food and water intake. The WEKC activities on all parameters assessed were comparable with the glibenclamide effects. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed that K. crenata contains terpenoids, tannins, polysaccharids, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids. The data suggest that K. crenata might contain important chemical components that could induce significant improvement in glucose clearance and/or uptake and resistance to body-weight gain and insulin sensitivity, and could be a potent alternative or complementary therapeutic substance in the control of type 2 diabetes and other insulin-resistant conditions.

Weed Suppressing Potential and Isolation of Potent Plant Growth Inhibitors from Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc

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Phung Thi Tuyen

2018-02-01

Full Text Available This study isolated, determined, and quantified plant growth inhibitors in Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc, a deciduous species native to Japan and Korea. In laboratory assays, C. crenata leaves showed strong inhibition on germination and seedling growth of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyardgrass, Lactuca sativa (lettuce, and Raphanus sativus (radish. Laboratory and greenhouse trials showed that leaves of C. crenata appeared as a promising material to manage weeds, especially the dicot weeds. By GC-MS and HPLC analyses, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, ferulic, ellagic, and cinnamic acids were identified and quantified, of which ellagic acid was present in the highest quantity (2.36 mg/g dried leaves. By column chromatography and spectral data (1H- and 13C-NMR, IR, and LC-MS analysis, a compound identified as 2α,3β,7β,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid (1 was purified from the methanolic leaf extract of C. crenata (0.93 mg/g dried leaves. This constituent showed potent inhibition on growth of E. crus-galli, a problematic weed in agricultural practice. The inhibition of the compound 1 (IC50 = 2.62 and 0.41 mM was >5 fold greater than that of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (IC50 = 15.33 and 2.11 mM on shoot and root growth of E. crus-galli, respectively. Results suggest that the isolated the compound 1 has potential to develop natural herbicides to manage E. crus-galli. This study is the first to isolate and identify 2α,3β,7β,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-ene-28-oic acid in a plant and report its plant growth inhibitory potential.

Protein cross-linking, peroxidase and beta-1,3-endoglucanase involved in resistance of pea against Orobanche crenata.

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Pérez-de-Luque, Alejandro; González-Verdejo, Clara I; Lozano, M Dolores; Dita, Miguel A; Cubero, José I; González-Melendi, Pablo; Risueño, María C; Rubiales, Diego

2006-01-01

Root holoparasitic angiosperms, like Orobanche spp, completely lack chlorophyll and totally depend on their host for their supply of nutrients. O. crenata is a severe constraint to the cultivation of legumes and breeding for resistance remains the most economical, feasible, and environmentally friendly method of control. Due to the lack of resistance in commercial pea cultivars, the use of wild relatives for breeding is necessary, and an understanding of the mechanisms underlying host resistance is needed in order to improve screening for resistance in breeding programmes. Compatible and incompatible interactions between O. crenata and pea have been studied using cytochemical procedures. The parasite was stopped in the host cortex before reaching the central cylinder, and accumulation of H2O2, peroxidases, and callose were detected in neighbouring cells. Protein cross-linking in the host cell walls appears as the mechanism of defence, halting penetration of the parasite. In situ hybridization studies have also shown that a peroxidase and a beta-glucanase are differently expressed in cells of the resistant host (Pf651) near the penetration point. The role of these proteins in the resistance to O. crenata is discussed.

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Lamiaceae), a medicinal plant protects the stomach against several gastric ulcer models.

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Jesus, N Z T; Falcão, H S; Lima, G R M; Caldas Filho, M R D; Sales, I R P; Gomes, I F; Santos, S G; Tavares, J F; Barbosa-Filho, J M; Batista, L M

2013-12-12

Hyptis suaveolens is used by the traditional population in several parts of the world to treat inflammation, gastric ulcer and infection and is used as a crude drug to relieve symptoms related with gastric ulcer or gastritis in northeaster and central region of Brazil. the standardized ethanolic extract (Hs-EtOHE) and hexanic fraction (Hs-HexF) of Hyptis suaveolens (62,5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated in several models of acute gastric ulcers. The participation of NO was evaluated by pretreatment with L-NAME and non-protein sulfyhydryls by NEM in the gastroprotective effect. Hs-EtOHE and Hs-HexF markedly reduced the gastric lesions induced by all ulcerogenic agents (HCl/ethanol, ethanol, NSAIDs and hypothermic restraint-stress). Gastric ulcerations were exacerbated by administration of NEM suggesting that the gastroprotective mechanism of action of Hs-EtOHE and Hs-HexF involves sulfhydryl groups. Ours results show that an extract of Hyptis suaveolens, administered orally to rodents, present gastro protective activity in different models of acute of gastric ulcer and give some support to the reported claims on the use of this plant as a gastro protective agent. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Evaluation de l\\'activité insecticide de deux plantes Hyptis ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Une stratégie de protection de la culture de niébé par les biopesticides a été testée avec les extraits aqueux d\\'Hyptis suaveolens (Linn.) et de Khaya senegalensis (A. Juss), issus de matériels végétaux conservés pendant un an, trois mois ou un jour à 5°C. Les ravageurs ciblés sont Aphis craccivora Koch, Megalurothrips ...

Gene expression analysis of molecular mechanisms of defense induced in Medicago truncatula parasitized by Orobanche crenata.

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Die, José Vicente; González Verdejo, Clara I; Dita, Miguel A; Nadal, Salvador; Román, Belén

2009-07-01

The infection of Medicago truncatula Gaertn. roots with the obligate parasite Orobanche crenata Forsk. is a useful model for studying the molecular events involved in the legumes-parasite interaction. In order to gain insight into the identification of gene-regulatory elements involved in the resistance mechanism, the temporal expression pattern of ten defense-related genes was carried out using real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. The induction of all of the analyzed transcripts significantly increased over a range from 2- to 321-fold higher than the control depending on the gene and time point. The transcriptional changes observed in response to O. crenata infection suggest that resistance could rely on both, the induction of general defense-related genes and more specific responses.

Interaction between Orobanche crenata and its host legumes: unsuccessful haustorial penetration and necrosis of the developing parasite.

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Pérez-DE-Luque, A; Rubiales, D; Cubero, J I; Press, M C; Scholes, J; Yoneyama, K; Takeuchi, Y; Plakhine, D; Joel, D M

2005-05-01

Orobanche species represent major constraints to crop production in many parts of the world as they reduce yield and alter root/shoot allometry. Although much is known about the histology and effect of Orobanche spp. on susceptible hosts, less is known about the basis of host resistance to these parasites. In this work, histological aspects related to the resistance of some legumes to Orobanche crenata have been investigated in order to determine which types of resistance responses are involved in the unsuccessful penetration of O. crenata. Samples of resistance reactions against O. crenata on different genotypes of resistant legumes were collected. The samples were fixed, sectioned and stained using different procedures. Sections were observed using a transmission light microscope and by epi-fluorescence. Lignification of endodermal and pericycle host cells seems to prevent parasite intrusion into the root vascular cylinder at early infection stages. But in other cases, established tubercles became necrotic and died. Contrary to some previous studies, it was found that darkening at the infection site in these latter cases does not correspond to death of host tissues, but to the secretion of substances that fill the apoplast in the host-parasite interface and in much of the infected host tissues. The secretions block neighbouring host vessels. This may interfere with the nutrient flux between host and parasite, and may lead to necrosis and death of the developing parasite. The unsuccessful penetration of O. crenata seedlings into legume roots cannot be attributed to cell death in the host. It seems to be associated with lignification of host endodermis and pericycle cells at the penetration site. The accumulation of secretions at the infection site, may lead to the activation of xylem occlusion, another defence mechanism, which may cause further necrosis of established tubercles.

Effect of methanolic fraction of Kalanchoe crenata on metabolic parameters in adriamycin-induced renal impairment in rats.

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Kamgang, René; Foyet, Angèle F; Essame, Jean-Louis O; Ngogang, Jeanne Y

2012-01-01

To investigate the effect of Kalanchoe crenata methanolic fraction (MEKC) on proteinuria, glucosuria, and some other biochemical parameters in adriamycin-induced renal impairment in rats. Ether anesthetized rats received three intravenous injections (days 0, 14, and 28) of 2 mg/kg body weight of adriamycin. Repeated doses of the extract (0, 50, and 68 mg/kg b.w.) and losartan (10 mg/kg b.w.) were administered orally once daily, for 6 weeks, to these rats. Kidney functions were assessed through biochemical parameters. MEKC decreased proteinuria and also the urinary excretion of creatinine, glucose, and urea significantly in diseased rats. A decrease in serum levels of creatinine, urea, potassium, alkaline phosphatase, conjugate bilirubin, and alanine transaminase level was also recorded in nephropathic rats, but plasma levels of uric acid and glucose remained unchanged. Moreover, the plant extract markedly (P < 0.05) increased plasma sodium and decreased (P < 0.01) the urinary sodium and potassium levels. The results indicated that the treatment with the methanolic fraction of K. crenata may improve proteinuria and all other symptoms due to adriamycin-induced nephropathy and, more than losartan, could ameliorate kidney and liver functions. K. crenata could be a potential source of new oral antinephropathic drug.

Breeding approaches for crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) management in pea (Pisum sativum L.).

Science.gov (United States)

Rubiales, Diego; Fernández-Aparicio, Monica; Pérez-de-Luque, Alejandro; Castillejo, Mari A; Prats, Elena; Sillero, Josefina C; Rispail, Nicolas; Fondevilla, Sara

2009-05-01

Pea cultivation is strongly hampered in Mediterranean and Middle East farming systems by the occurrence of Orobanche crenata Forsk. Strategies of control have been developed, but only marginal successes have been achieved. Most control methods are either unfeasible, uneconomical, hard to achieve or result in incomplete protection. The integration of several control measures is the most desirable strategy. [corrected] Recent developments in control are presented and re-evaluated in light of recent developments in crop breeding and molecular genetics. These developments are placed within a framework that is compatible with current agronomic practices. The current focus in applied breeding is leveraging biotechnological tools to develop more and better markers to speed up the delivery of improved cultivars to the farmer. To date, however, progress in marker development and delivery of useful markers has been slow. The application of knowledge gained from basic genomic research and genetic engineering will contribute to more rapid pea improvement for resistance against O. crenata and/or the herbicide.

Pollination efficiency of Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera, Apidae) on the monoecious plants Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. and Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl) Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) in a semi-arid Caatinga area, northeastern Brazil.

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Neves, E L; Viana, B F

2011-02-01

Previous studies have shown the superior competitive ability of honeybees compared with native bees in the exploitation of floral resources and nesting sites besides their low efficiency in pollinating native plant species. However, there is little evidence of the effect of this invading species on autochthonous plant populations in natural environments. Thus experiments were performed to test the pollination efficiency of honeybees in two species of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae), J. mollissima (Pohl) Baill. and J. mutabilis (Pohl) Baill., after a single flower visitation. Samplings were carried out between March and April 2006 in a hyperxerophilous shrub-arboreal Caatinga at Estação Biológica de Canudos, Bahia (9º 56´ 34" S, 38º 59´ 17" W), the property of Fundação Biodiversitas. Apis mellifera was efficient at pollinating J. mollissima (100%) and J. mutabilis (85%). This high efficiency may be explained by 1) the simple floral characteristics of both plant species, which facilitate access to the sexual organs of the plant; and 2) the body size of A. mellifera that fits the flower's dimensions.

The Acute Toxicity Test of Methanolic Extract of Hyptis pectinata Poit on Liver Balb/c Mice

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Suzery, M.; Cahyono, B.; Astuti, P.

2017-02-01

Plants from Lamiaceae family has almost entirely reported having physiological activities. One of them is Hyptis pectinata Poit plant. Research on the toxicity of Hyptis pectinata needs to be done to protect people from the possibility of its harmful effects. This study aim to know the acute toxicity effects of Hyptis pectinata extract (HPE) on liver of Balb/c mice. This research was a laboratory experimental study using the post test only controlled group design. Balb/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. K (control group), P1, P2 and P3 (treatment groups; given HPE 200mg/kgBW, 1000 mg/kgBW, and 5000 mg/kgBW, respectively). The extract was orally given with gastric tube on the first day and the mice were terminated at the 8th day then the livers were observed. The Kruskal-Wallis test for macroscopic morphological and volume of the liver showed there were no significant difference with p=0.406 and p=0.054. The highest liver histopathological score was in P3 group. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significantly difference (p=0.000). Continued with Mann-Withney test that showed a significant difference in K-P1 (p=0.009), K-P2 (p=0.009), K-P3 (p=0.009), P1-P2 (p=0.028), and P1-P3 (p=0.009). In conclusion, the HPE is safe to use which has no complication with liver of mice.

Effect of gamma ray irradiation on seed germination of Ardisia crenata

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Donghua; Xu Hong; Huang Yanping; Song Xiaomin

2011-01-01

The seeds of Ardisia crenata were used as experimental material and treated with gamma ray under the irradiative doses ranging from 50 to 500 Gy. The results showed that the seed germination rates were not affected under the irradiative dose of 150 Gy and below. The germination potentiality turned to reduce while the irradiative dose was higher than 250 Gy. And in the range of 300 to 500 Gy the germination rates were decreased with the increase of the irradiative dose. (authors)

In Vitro Evaluation of Reversible and Time-Dependent Inhibitory Effects of Kalanchoe crenata on CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 Activities.

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Awortwe, Charles; Manda, Vamshi K; Avonto, Cristina; Khan, Shabana I; Khan, Ikhlas A; Walker, Larry A; Bouic, Patrick J; Rosenkranz, Bernd

2015-01-01

Kalanchoe crenata popularly known as "dog's liver" is used in most African countries for the treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma and HIV/AIDS related infections. The evaluation of K. crenata for herb-drug interactions has not been reported. This study therefore aims to evaluate the risk of K. crenata for herb-drug interaction in vitro. Crude methanol and fractions of K. crenata were incubated and preincubated with recombinant human CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. Comparative studies were conducted in both human liver microsomes and recombinant human CYP to ascertain the inhibition profile of the crude extract and the various fractions. The cocktail approach of recombinant human CYPs was conducted to confirm the inhibition potential of the fractions in the presence of other CYPs. The results showed significant time-dependent inhibition of tested samples on CYP3A4 with crude methanol (39KC), fractions 45A, 45B and 45D given IC50 fold decrease of 3.29, 2.26, 1.91 and 1.49, respective. Time dependent kinetic assessment of 39KC and 45D showed KI and kinact values for 39KC as 1.77 µg/mL and 0.091 min(-1) while that of 45D were 6.45 µg/mL and 0.024 min(-1), respectively. Determination of kinact based on IC50 calculations yielded 0.015 and 0.04 min(-1) for 39KC and 45D, respectively. Cocktail approach exhibited fold decreases in IC50 for all test fractions on CYP3A4 within the ranges of 2.10 - 4.10. At least one phytoconstituent in the crude methanol extract of Kalanchoe crenata is a reversible and time-dependent inhibitor of CYP3A4.

Validation of QTLs for Orobanche crenata resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) across environments and generations.

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Díaz-Ruiz, Ramón; Torres, A M; Satovic, Z; Gutierrez, M V; Cubero, J I; Román, Belén

2010-03-01

Broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) is a major root-parasite of faba bean (Vicia faba L.), that seriously limits crop cultivation in the whole Mediterranean area. This parasitic weed is difficult to control, difficult to evaluate and the resistance identified so far is of polygenic nature. This study was conducted to identify genetic regions associated with broomrape resistance in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and to validate their previous location in the original F(2) population derived from the cross between lines Vf6 and Vf136. A progeny consisting of 165 F(6) RILs was evaluated in three environments across two locations in 2003 and 2004. Two hundred seventy seven molecular markers were assigned to 21 linkage groups (9 of them assigned to specific chromosomes) that covered 2,856.7 cM of the V. faba genome. The composite interval mapping on the F(6) map detected more quantitative trait loci (QTL) than in the F(2) analysis. In this sense, four QTLs controlling O. crenata resistance (Oc2-Oc5) were identified in the RI segregant population in three different environments. Only Oc1, previously reported in the F(2) population, was not significant in the advanced lines. Oc2 and Oc3 were found to be associated with O. crenata resistance in at least two of the three environments, while the remaining two, Oc4 and Oc5, were only detected in Córdoba-04 and Mengíbar-04 and seemed to be environment dependent.

Leaf Trichomes Morphology of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (LAMIACEAE)

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Chatri, M.; Baktiar, A.; Mansyurdin, M.; Periadnadi, P.

2018-04-01

Hyptis suaveolens L. Poit is one of the plants from family Lamiaceae and is an aromatic plant. The aroma contained in plants is usually secreted by certain structures in plants, such as glandular trichomes. At this plant has been carried out observations about the type and distribution of trichomes by using light microscopy and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The results showed that the leaves of this plant are non-glandular trichomes types and glandular, either on the surface abaxial and adaxial and on the veins. Non-glandular trichomes consist of the monoselular and multicellular trichomes. While the glandular trichomes consist of peltate type, capitate type I and type II.

Analgesic and anticonvulsant effects of extracts from the leaves of Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haworth (Crassulaceae).

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Nguelefack, T B; Nana, P; Atsamo, A D; Dimo, T; Watcho, P; Dongmo, A B; Tapondjou, L A; Njamen, D; Wansi, S L; Kamanyi, A

2006-06-15

Kalanchoe crenata Andr. (Crassulaceae) is a fleshy herbaceous plant used in the African traditional medicine as remedies against otitis, headache, inflammations, convulsions and general debility. In the present work, the analgesic effects of methylene chloride/methanol (1:1) (CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH) extract and its hexane, methylene chloride (CH(2)Cl(2)), ethyl acetate, n-butanol fractions and aqueous residue have been evaluated using acetic acid, formalin and pressure test. The anticonvulsant effects of the CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH extract were also investigated on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ 70 mg/kg), strychnine sulphate (STN 2.5 mg/kg) and thiosemicarbazide (TSC 50 mg/kg). CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH extract and its fractions, administered orally at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg, exhibited protective effect of at least 30% on the pain induced by acetic acid. The CH(2)Cl(2) fraction at 300 mg/kg showed a maximal effect of 78.49%. The CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH extract and its CH(2)Cl(2) fraction at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg significantly reduced the first phase of pain induced by formalin while the second phase was completely inhibited. The CH(2)Cl(2) fraction produced more than 45% reduction in the sensitivity to pain induced by pressure. The CH(2)Cl(2)/CH(3)OH extract of Kalanchoe crenata significantly increased the latency period in seizures induced by PTZ and significantly reduced the duration of seizures induced by the three convulsant agents. The extract protected 20% of animals against death in seizures induced by TSC and STN. These results suggest a peripheral and central analgesic activities as well as an anticonvulsant effect of the leaves of Kalanchoe crenata.

Mechanisms of protection of pea plants by polysaccharides extracted from a strain of Rhizobium against Orobanche crenata

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khairi, Hanene; Temani, Randa

2009-01-01

The Broomrape causes notable damage on the leguminous crops and became major factor limiting production of pea in the Mediterranean region. The effect of the polysaccharides extracted from P.SOM Rhizobium strain on the development of Orobanche crenata on pea was studied. The results showed that the lipopolysaccharides significantly reduce the infestation of pea by O. crenata. This limitation of infestation results from the reduction of seeds germination rates of the parasite resulting in reduction of the tubercles number on pea roots. Moreover, necrosis of orobanche before or after attachment on pea roots treated by LPS can explain this reduction of parasitism. A correlation was observed between the reduction of pea infection by the broomrape and the activation phenolic compounds pathway. This activation resulted to increase of two enzymes (peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) activities these enzymes are implicated in plant defense. The results of our study showed that the LPS seem implied in the induction of pea resistance against the broomrape.

Novas espécies de Diplusodon Pohl (Lythraceae do Planalto Central e Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil New species of Diplusodon Pohl (Lythraceae from Central Brazil and Minas Gerais State

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Taciana Barbosa Cavalcanti

2007-12-01

Full Text Available (Novas espécies de Diplusodon Pohl (Lythraceae do Planalto Central e Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Quatro novas espécies são descritas e ilustradas para o gênero Diplusodon, que se somam ao alto número de espécies registradas para este gênero no Cerrado brasileiro, mais especificamente para as montanhas que formam a Serra Geral do Paraná, ou Serra Geral de Goiás, reafirmando a região como centro de diversidade genética do gênero. As seguintes espécies são descritas: Diplusodon capitalensis, do Distrito Federal e Goiás, D. chapadensis e D. grahamae, de Goiás, e D. rupestris, de Minas Gerais.(New species of Diplusodon Pohl (Lythraceae from Central Brazil and Minas Gerais State. Four new species are described and illustrated for the genus Diplusodon. These are added to the already high number of species registered for the Brazilian Cerrado, more precisely in the chain of mountains that form the Serra Geral do Parana or Serra Geral de Goiás, confirming this region as the primary center of genetic diversity of the genus. The following species are described: Diplusodon capitalensis, from the Distrito Federal and Goiás, D. chapadensis and D. grahamae from Goiás, and D. rupestris, from Minas Gerais.

Taoistický pohled na trénování ve fotbalu a triatlonu

OpenAIRE

Skála, Tomáš

2009-01-01

Nazev: Taoisticky pohled na trenovani ve fotbalu a triatlonu Cile prace: Objasnit pojmy taoismus a Tao, pomoci jejich charakteristiky osvetlit taoisticke vnimani sebe sama, okolniho sveta a pohybove aktivity, s naslednou aplikaci na konkretni sporty fotbal a triatlon. Metody: Deskripce, analyza, spekulace Klicova slova: Taoismus, Tao, Cchi, Jin a Jang, Wu-Wej, fotbal, triatlon, zacatecnicka mysl SUMMARY Title: The taoistic view in the football and triatlon training Objective: To explain terms...

Construction of an inexpensive molecular iodine spectrometer using a self-developed Pohl wavemeter around 670 nm wavelength

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barthwal, Sachin; Vudayagiri, Ashok

2015-01-01

We describe the construction of an inexpensive iodine spectrometer with a homemade iodine vapour cell and a self-developed wavemeter based on the Pohl interferometer, around the 670 nm wavelength. This can be easily realized in an undergraduate teaching laboratory to demonstrate the use of a diode laser interferometer using a Pohl interferometer and measurement of the wavelength using image processing techniques. A visible alternative to the infrared diode lasers, the 670 nm diode laser used here gives undergraduate students a chance to perform comprehensive though illustrative atomic physics experiments including the Zeeman effect, the Hanle effect, and the magneto-optic rotation effect with a little tweaking in the present spectrometer. The advantage of the spectrometer is its ease of construction with readily available optics, electronics, evacuation and glass-blowing facilities, and easy analysis algorithm to evaluate the wavelength. The self-developed algorithm of raster scanning and circular averaging gives the researcher insight into the basics of image processing techniques. Resolution approaching 0.5 nm can be easily achieved using such a simple setup. (paper)

The effect of Orobanche crenata infection severity in faba bean, field pea, and grass pea productivity.

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Monica Fernandez-Aparicio

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Broomrape weeds (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp. are root holoparasites that feed off a wide range of important crops. Among them, Orobanche crenata attacks legumes complicating their inclusion in cropping systems along the Mediterranean area and West Asia. The detrimental effect of broomrape parasitism in crop yield can reach up to 100% depending on infection severity and the broomrape-crop association. This work provides field data of the consequences of O. crenata infection severity in three legume crops i.e. faba bean, field pea and grass pea. Regression functions modelled productivity losses and revealed trends in dry matter allocation in relation to infection severity. The host species differentially limits parasitic sink strength indicating different levels of broomrape tolerance at equivalent infection severities. Reductions in host aboveground biomass were observed starting at low infection severity and half maximal inhibitory performance was predicted as 4.5, 8.2 and 1.5 parasites per faba bean, field pea and grass pea plant, respectively. Reductions in host biomass occurred in both vegetative and reproductive organs, the latter resulting more affected. The proportion of resources allocated within the parasite was concomitant to reduction of host seed yield indicating that parasite growth and host reproduction compete directly for resources within a host plant. However, the parasitic sink activity does not fully explain the total host biomass reduction because combined biomass of host-parasite complex was lower than the biomass of uninfected plants. In grass pea, the seed yield was negligible at severities higher than 4 parasites per plant. In contrast, faba bean and field pea sustained low but significant seed production at the highest infection severity. Data on seed yield and seed number indicated that the sensitivity of field pea to O. crenata limited the production of grain yield by reducing seed number but maintaining seed size

The Effect of Orobanche crenata Infection Severity in Faba Bean, Field Pea, and Grass Pea Productivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Fernández-Aparicio, Mónica; Flores, Fernando; Rubiales, Diego

2016-01-01

Broomrape weeds ( Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) are root holoparasites that feed off a wide range of important crops. Among them, Orobanche crenata attacks legumes complicating their inclusion in cropping systems along the Mediterranean area and West Asia. The detrimental effect of broomrape parasitism in crop yield can reach up to 100% depending on infection severity and the broomrape-crop association. This work provides field data of the consequences of O. crenata infection severity in three legume crops, i.e., faba bean, field pea, and grass pea. Regression functions modeled productivity losses and revealed trends in dry matter allocation in relation to infection severity. The host species differentially limits parasitic sink strength indicating different levels of broomrape tolerance at equivalent infection severities. Reductions in host aboveground biomass were observed starting at low infection severity and half maximal inhibitory performance was predicted as 4.5, 8.2, and 1.5 parasites per faba bean, field pea, and grass pea plant, respectively. Reductions in host biomass occurred in both vegetative and reproductive organs, the latter resulting more affected. The increase of resources allocated within the parasite was concomitant to reduction of host seed yield indicating that parasite growth and host reproduction compete directly for resources within a host plant. However, the parasitic sink activity does not fully explain the total host biomass reduction because combined biomass of host-parasite complex was lower than the biomass of uninfected plants. In grass pea, the seed yield was negligible at severities higher than four parasites per plant. In contrast, faba bean and field pea sustained low but significant seed production at the highest infection severity. Data on seed yield and seed number indicated that the sensitivity of field pea to O. crenata limited the production of grain yield by reducing seed number but maintaining seed size. In contrast

Performance of faba bean genotypes with Orobanche foetida Poir. and Orobanche crenata Forsk. infestation in Tunisia

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Imen Trabelsi

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Orobanche foetida Poir. and O. crenata Forsk. are major constraints to faba bean (Vicia faba L. cultivation in Tunisia. To evalúate the different levels of resistance of seven small-seeded faba bean genotypes to these parasitic weed species, three trials were conducted in fields infested and non-infested with O. foetida in the Oued Beja Agricultural Experimental Unit and O. crenata in an experimental field at Ariana of the National Institute of Agricultural Research during three cropping seasons. Compared to the susceptible cv. Bad'i, the seven genotypes showed moderate to high levels of resistance to both Orobanche species. The number and dry weight of emerged broomrapes and underground tubercles recorded on the new improved genotypes were lower than those recorded on released and resistant 'Najeh' and 'Baraca'. The parasitism index on the new genotypes varied from 2-6 times less than susceptible 'Bad'i' in both Oued-Beja and Ariana. Yield reduction due to O.foetida infection varied from 13.5% on genotype XAR-VF00.13-89-2-1-1-1-1 to 59.7% on 'Baraca', whereas the yield loss was about 92% on the susceptible control. Parasitic infection did not affect dry grain protein accumulation in the tested genotypes.

SINTESIS SENYAWA C18H26O9 DARI HIPTOLIDA HASIL ISOLASI DAUN HYPTIS PECTINATA

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Meiny Suzery

2012-05-01

Full Text Available SYNTHESIS OF C18H26O9 COMPOUNDS FROM HYPTOLIDE ISOLATED FROM HYPTIS PECTINATA LEAVES. Isolation of hyptolide has been done from Hyptis pectinata, and alkene group transformation through oxidation reactions using H3B: OEt2 to the isolated compound was also conducted. Product analyses were carried out using TLC, UV spectrometry, IR, and LC-MS. Pure crystal with melting point of 86-87oC was isolated. The yield was 1.75% (w/w. After analysing and compilating of spectroscopic data it was confirmed as hyptolide compound. Hydroboration of this compound (followed by hydrolysis using H2O2 under alkaline conditions produce its alcohol derivatives, with 28.9% the percentage of transformation, it was demonstrated by LCMS data. IR spectrum at 3600cm-1, confirming the replacement of hydroxyl bond by alkene. Regioselectivity of addition reaction is proposed through simulation with Chem Office. The reaction product was suspected as 6-hydroxy-7-(6-oxo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl heptane-2,3,5-tryil triacetate. Extension of reaction time to 24 hours, has increase hydroboration product to 78.3%. This research has opened other studies of natural materials in accordance to the roadmap set.  Telah dilakukan isolasi hiptolida dari bahan alam Hyptis pectinata, dan transformasinya melalui reaksi oksidasi menggunakan H3B:OEt2 terhadap gugus alkena pada senyawa hasil isolasi. Analisis produk dilakukan menggunakan KLT, spektrometri UV, IR, dan LC-MS. Kristal murni dengan titik leleh 86-87oC berhasil diisolasi dengan rendemen 1,75 % (b/b, dirujuk sebagai senyawa hiptolida setelah melalui analisis dan kompilasi data-data spektroskopi. Hidroborasi terhadap senyawa hiptolida (yang diikuti hidrolisis menggunakan H2O2 dalam suasana basa menghasilkan senyawa alkohol turunannya, dengan persentase transformasi sebesar 28,9%, dapat ditunjukkan melalui data LCMS. Data spectrum IR menunjukkan adanya puncak pada 3600cm-1, memperkuat dugaan  adanya ikatan hidroksil menggantikan gugus

Teor e composição química do óleo essencial de Hyptis marrubioides Epl., Lamiaceae em função da sazonalidade = Content and chemical composition of Hyptis marrubioides essential oil in function of seasons

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Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Os oleos essenciais sao principios odoriferos armazenados em celulas especiais da planta. O oleo essencial no genero Hyptis e usado como anestesico, antiespasmodico, antiinflamatorio e pode induzir aborto em doses elevadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influencia da sazonalidade no teor e composicao do oleo essencial de Hyptis marrubioides. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (inverno, primavera, verao e outono e seis repeticoes, totalizando 60 plantas. O oleo essencial foi extraido por hidrodestilacao, em aparelho de Clevenger. A analise qualitativa do oleo essencial foi por cromatografia em fase gasosa (CG/EM. Na estacao do verao, as folhas das plantas de H. marrubiodes apresentaram os maiores teores de oleo essencial. Nas demais estacoes, os teores de oleo essencial obtidos foram semelhantes entre si. Os componentes majoritarios no oleo essencial foram os monoterpenoides α-tujona e β-tujona. As concentracoes relativas dos picos correspondentes a β-tujona nao apresentaram diferencas consideraveis nas quatro estacoes. Os sesquiterpenoides oxigenados (cedrol e cariofilenol e nao-oxigenados (α-copaeno, β-cariofileno, germacreno D e cadaleno foram encontrados em menores quantidades no oleo essencial, entretanto observam-se diferencas quantitativas ao longo das estacoes.Essential oils are odorous principles stored in special plant cells. The essential oil in the Hyptis genus is traditionally used as an anesthetic, antispasmodic, antiinflammatory, and can induce abortion in high doses. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of seasons in essential oil content and chemical composition of species H. marrubioides. A completely randomized complete design was used with four treatments (winter, spring, summer and autumn and six replications, totaling 60 plants. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger apparatus. The qualitative analysis of the

Strategický rozvoj společnosti VKS Pohledští Dvořáci a.s.

OpenAIRE

Hniličková, Kristýna

2011-01-01

Presented diploma thesis deals with the strategic development of the company VKS Pohledští Dvořáci a.s. The thesis contains a list of current activities of the company and suggests opportunities for further development. To reach this objective various internal and external analysis are used, namely PEST analysis, Porter's five forces model, the Value chain and SWOT analysis. To explore the possibilities for future development of the company, two growth strategies are applied -- Porter's Gener...

N-Phthaloylglycine-derived strigol analogues. Influence of the D-ring on the seed germination activity of the parasitic weeds Striga hermonthica and Orobanche crenata

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Thuring, J.W.J.F.; Bitter, J.H.; Kok, M.M.K. de; Nefkens, G.H.L.; Riel, A.M.D.A. van; Zwanenburg, B.

1997-01-01

Several strigol analogues with modifications in the D-ring were synthesized and assayed for germination stimulatory activity of seeds of Striga hermothica and Orobanche crenata. All of these D-ring analogues are derived from N-phthaloylglycine as the common ABC-fragment. It was concluded that the

Rosmarinic Acid and Its Methyl Ester as Antimicrobial Components of the Hydromethanolic Extract of Hyptis atrorubens Poit. (Lamiaceae

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Amin Abedini

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Primary biological examination of four extracts of the leaves and stems of Hyptis atrorubens Poit. (Lamiaceae, a plant species used as an antimicrobial agent in Guadeloupe, allowed us to select the hydromethanolic extract of the stems for further studies. It was tested against 46 microorganisms in vitro. It was active against 29 microorganisms. The best antibacterial activity was found against bacteria, mostly Gram-positive ones. Bioautography enabled the isolation and identification of four antibacterial compounds from this plant: rosmarinic acid, methyl rosmarinate, isoquercetin, and hyperoside. The MIC and MBC values of these compounds and their combinations were determined against eight pathogenic bacteria. The best inhibitory and bactericidal activity was found for methyl rosmarinate (0.3 mg/mL. Nevertheless, the bactericidal power of rosmarinic acid was much faster in the time kill study. Synergistic effects were found when combining the active compounds. Finally, the inhibitory effects of the compounds were evaluated on the bacterial growth phases at two different temperatures. Our study demonstrated for the first time antimicrobial activity of Hyptis atrorubens with identification of the active compounds. It supports its traditional use in French West Indies. Although its active compounds need to be further evaluated in vivo, this work emphasizes plants as potent sources of new antimicrobial agents when resistance to antibiotics increases dramatically.

Teor e composição química do óleo essencial de Hyptis marrubioides Epling (Lamiaceae em diferentes genótipos Essential oil content and chemical composition in Hyptis marrubioides Epl. of different genotypes

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P.P. Botrel

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Hyptis marrubioides Epling (hortelã-do-campo é espécie de uso medicinal conhecida pelas suas atividades contra infecções gastrointestinais, infecções de pele, dores e câimbras. Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar o teor e composição química do óleo essencial de H. marrubioides em diferentes genótipos (roxo e branco e partes da planta fresca (folhas, inflorescências e caule. Os genótipos estudados foram identificados através das inflorescências das plantas que apresentam coloração roxa e branca. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, contendo as três partes da planta de ambos os genótipos, perfazendo um fatorial 3x2, com quatro repetições. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação por duas horas e analisado por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM. O maior teor de óleo essencial foi observado na inflorescência do genótipo roxo. A composição do óleo essencial de H. marrubioides variou quantitativamente entre as partes das plantas analisadas e entre os genótipos. O composto α-tujona apresentou a maior porcentagem de área do pico nas inflorescências de genótipo roxo. As porcentagens das plantas com genótipo roxo foram em média superiores às plantas com genótipo branco.Hyptis marrubioides Epling ("hortelã-do-campo" is a medicinal species known for its activities against gastrointestinal and skin infections, pains and cramps. The aim of this work was to evaluate essential oil content and chemical composition in H. marrubioides of different genotypes (purple and white, as well as fresh plant parts (leaves, inflorescences and stem. The studied genotypes were identified based on the inflorescences, which are purple and white. The experimental design was completely randomized, including the three parts of both genotypes, in a 3X2 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. Essential oil was extracted through hydrodistillation for two hours and analyzed

Influência de genótipos, ambientes de cultivo e variação sazonal no teor e composição química do óleo essencial de Hyptis marrubioides Epling e seu efeito sobre formigas saúva-limão

OpenAIRE

Botrel, Priscila Pereira

2014-01-01

O óleo essencial no gênero Hyptis tem importância como fonte de constituintes bioativos, possuindo importantes efeitos biológicos, como atividades antimicrobianas, citotóxicas e inseticidas. Hyptis marrubioides Epl., conhecida popularmente como hortelã-do-campo, é uma planta de uso medicinal com atividades contra infecções gastrointestinais, infecções de pele, dores e câimbras. Pesquisas com plantas medicinais ainda estão voltadas, preferencialmente, para o conhecimento de espécies que produz...

Allelopathic potential of Hyptis suaveolens on physio-biochemical changes of mung bean seeds

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Parthapratim Maiti

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Hyptis suaveolens is an exotic invasive weed in many areas of West Bengal, India. The allelopathic potential of leaf extracts and leachates of H. suaveolens was investigated on germination and metabolism of mung bean seeds (Vigna radiata cv. K851. The extracts and leachates reduced the germination and seed viability. The insoluble carbohydrates, proteins, and the activities of dehydrogenase and catalase enzymes were significantly reduced. Amino acid and soluble carbohydrate levels were increased in seeds pretreated with leaf extracts and leachates. The overall biochemical results indicate that various inhibitors present in H. suaveolens impart strong inhibitory effect on mung bean. The leaves of H. suaveolens possess phytotoxic chemicals, which potentially rendered the inhibitory action on mung bean seeds and provided key information for the proper management of H. suaveolens and other invasive weeds showing similar behavior.

Content and chemical composition of Hyptis marrubioides essential oil in function of seasons - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v32i3.3415

OpenAIRE

Botrel, Priscila Pereira; UFLA; Pinto, José Eduardo Brasil Pereira; UFLA; Ferraz, Vany; UFMG; Bertolucci, Suzan Kelly Vilela; UFLA; Figueiredo, Felipe Campos; Campus-Pesquisa

2010-01-01

Essential oils are odorous principles stored in special plant cells. The essential oil in the Hyptis genus is traditionally used as an anesthetic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and can induce abortion in high doses. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of seasons in essential oil content and chemical composition of species H. marrubioides. A completely randomized complete design was used with four treatments (winter, spring, summer and autumn) and six replications, tota...

Proteomic analysis by two-dimensional differential in gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) of the early response of Pisum sativum to Orobanche crenata.

Science.gov (United States)

Castillejo, Ma Ángeles; Fernández-Aparicio, Mónica; Rubiales, Diego

2012-01-01

Crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) is considered to be the major constraint for legume crops in Mediterranean countries. Strategies of control have been developed, but only marginal successes have been achieved. For the efficient control of the parasite, a better understanding of its interaction and associated resistance mechanisms at the molecular level is required. The pea response to this parasitic plant and the molecular basis of the resistance was studied using a proteomic approach based on 2D DIGE and MALDI-MSMS analysis. For this purpose, two genotypes showing different levels of resistance to O. crenata, as well as three time points (21, 25, and 30 d after inoculation) have been compared. Multivariate statistical analysis identified 43 differential protein spots under the experimental conditions (genotypes/treatments), 22 of which were identified using a combination of peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and MSMS fragmentation. Most of the proteins identified were metabolic and stress-related proteins and a high percentage of them (86%) matched with specific proteins of legume species. The behaviour pattern of the identified proteins suggests the existence of defence mechanisms operating during the early stages of infection that differed in both genotypes. Among these, several proteins were identified with protease activity which could play an important role in preventing the penetration and connection to the vascular system of the parasite. Our data are discussed and compared with those previously obtained in pea and Medicago truncatula.

GC-MS and FT-IR analysis of a coastal medicinal plant-Hyptis suaveolens (L. Poit

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Joselin Joseph

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Objective: To investigate the bioactive components of a coastal medicinal plant, Hyptis suaveolens (L. Poit. (H. suaveolens leaves using fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS. Methods: The chemical compositions of the ethanol extract of whole plant of H. suaveolens was investigated using PerkinElmer GC-MS, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standard and Technology library. Results: The results of fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of secondary alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkynes, aromatics, nitro compounds and aliphatic compounds. GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract revealed the existence of 30 phytochemical compounds. 5,5-Dimethylimidazolidin-2,4-diamine (20.35% was found to be the major compound. Conclusions: The results of this study offer a platform to use H. suaveolens leaves as herbal alternative for various diseases.

GC-MS and FT-IR analysis of a coastal medicinal plant-Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Joselin Joseph; Solomon Jeeva

2016-01-01

Objective:To investigate the bioactive components of a coastal medicinal plant,Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (H. suaveolens) leaves using fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Methods: The chemical compositions of the ethanol extract of whole plant ofH. suaveolens was investigated using PerkinElmerGC-MS, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standard and Technology library. Results: The results of fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of secondary alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkynes, aromatics, nitro compounds and aliphatic compounds.GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract revealed the existence of 30 phytochemical compounds. 5,5-Dimethylimidazolidin-2,4-diamine (20.35%) was found to be the major compound. Conclusions: The results of this study offer a platform to useH. suaveolens leaves as herbal alternative for various diseases.

Estudo etnofarmacológico sobre Lafoensia replicata Pohl. no leste do Maranhão, Brasil: uma promissora espécie para bioprospecção

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Francisco Chagas Bila Sobrinho

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This work aimed at carrying out a study on the local therapeutic uses of mangabeira (Lafoensia replicata Pohl., an important plant in the northeastern cerrado. 32 interviews were conducted with informants from the community Manga, Barão do Grajaú, Maranhão. Respondents, 18 women and 14 men, reported eight different uses for the plant. Regarding the number of instructions for use, there were no significant differences between genders, eight nominations described by women and seven by men. Regarding the distinctions of knowledge among the age group proposed for the analysis, there were no statistical differences. The plant part most indicated for use was the stem bark. All informants indicated consensually that the medicine prepared from the plant should be administered orally and over half of the respondents mentioned that the plant had no restrictions on consumption (53%. However, 17 respondents said that the treatment is contraindicated during pregnancy, and even five people did not recommend the use on children. It was not possible to substantiate the ethno-pharmacological information in this study with the literature since there is insufficient research on this species. There is some research focusing on uses and activities of Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil, therefore, this study also recommends L. replicata Pohl. as a potential therapeutic species.

Cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts of Elephantopus mollis, Kalanchoe crenata and 4 other Cameroonian medicinal plants towards human carcinoma cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuete, Victor; Fokou, Fabrice W; Karaosmanoğlu, Oğuzhan; Beng, Veronique P; Sivas, Hülya

2017-05-25

Cancer still constitutes one of the major health concerns globally, causing serious threats on patients, their families, and the healthcare system. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the methanol extract of Elephantopus mollis whole plant (EMW), Enantia chlorantha bark (ECB), Kalanchoe crenata leaves (KCL), Lophira alata bark (LAB), Millettia macrophylla leaves (MML) and Phragmanthera capitata leaves (PCL) towards five human solid cancer cell lines and normal CRL2120 fibroblasts, was evaluated. Extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical screening of their secondary metabolite contents using standard methods. The cytotoxicity of samples was evaluated using neutral red uptake (NR) assay meanwhile caspase activation was detected by caspase-Glo assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) whilst spectrophotometry was used to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenols, triterpenes and sterols in all extracts. The IC 50 values of the best samples ranged from 3.29 μg/mL (towards DLD-1 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells) to 24.38 μg/mL (against small lung cancer A549 cells) for EMW, from 2.33 μg/mL (mesothelioma SPC212 cells) to 28.96 μg/mL (HepG2 hepatocarcinoma) for KCL, and from 0.04 μg/mL (towards SPC212 cells) to 0.55 μg/mL (towards A549 cells) for doxorubicin. EMW induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells mediated by MMP loss and increased ROS production whilst KCL induced apoptosis via ROS production. This study provides evidences of the cytotoxicity of the tested plant extract and highlights the good activity of Elephantopus mollis and Kalanchoe crenata. They deserve more exploration to develop novel cytotoxic drugs.

Pollination efficiency of Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera, Apidae on the monoecious plants Jatropha mollissima (Pohl Baill. and Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl Baill. (Euphorbiaceae in a semi-arid Caatinga area, northeastern Brazil Eficiência de Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae na polinização das espécies monoicas Jatropha mollissima (Pohl Baill. e Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl Baill. (Euphorbiaceae em uma área de Caatinga, nordeste do Brasil

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EL. Neves

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Previous studies have shown the superior competitive ability of honeybees compared with native bees in the exploitation of floral resources and nesting sites besides their low efficiency in pollinating native plant species. However, there is little evidence of the effect of this invading species on autochthonous plant populations in natural environments. Thus experiments were performed to test the pollination efficiency of honeybees in two species of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae, J. mollissima (Pohl Baill. and J. mutabilis (Pohl Baill., after a single flower visitation. Samplings were carried out between March and April 2006 in a hyperxerophilous shrub-arboreal Caatinga at Estação Biológica de Canudos, Bahia (9º 56´ 34" S, 38º 59´ 17" W, the property of Fundação Biodiversitas. Apis mellifera was efficient at pollinating J. mollissima (100% and J. mutabilis (85%. This high efficiency may be explained by 1 the simple floral characteristics of both plant species, which facilitate access to the sexual organs of the plant; and 2 the body size of A. mellifera that fits the flower's dimensions.Estudos sugerem que Apis mellifera é altamente generalista e oportunista, interfere nas populações de abelhas nativas através da competição por recursos florais e por sítios de nidificação, além de ser pouco eficiente na polinização de espécies nativas. Entretanto, há poucas evidências que comprovem o efeito de Apis mellifera sobre populações autóctones em ambientes naturais. O presente estudo testou experimentalmente a eficiência de A. mellifera na polinização das espécies Jatropha mollissima e J. mutabilis em apenas uma visita e observou o seu comportamento de visitação. As amostragens foram feitas entre março e abril de 2006 em uma área de caatinga hiperxerófila arbustiva-arbórea na Estação Biológica de Canudos, Bahia (9º56´34"S, 38º59´17"W, pertencente à Fundação Biodiversitas. Apis mellifera foi eficiente na poliniza

Topical application of a cleanser containing extracts of Diospyros kaki folium, Polygonum cuspidatum and Castanea crenata var. dulcis reduces skin oil content and pore size in human skin

OpenAIRE

LEE, BO MI; AN, SUNGKWAN; KIM, SOO-YEON; HAN, HYUN JOO; JEONG, YU-JIN; LEE, KYOUNG-ROK; ROH, NAM KYUNG; AHN, KYU JOONG; AN, IN-SOOK; CHA, HWA JUN

2015-01-01

The effects of skin pores on skin topographic features can be reduced by decreasing excessive production and accumulation of sebum and elimination of comedones. Therefore, a cosmetic cleanser that regulates sebum homeostasis is required. In the present study, the effects of a cosmetic cleanser that contained Diospyros kaki folium, Polygonum cuspidatum and Castanea crenata var. dulcis (DPC) was examined on the removal of sebum and on skin pore size. Healthy volunteers (n=23) aged 20–50 years w...

Variação de terpenos em Hyptis suaveolens e seu papel na defesa contra herbívoros The role of terpene variation in Hyptis suaveolens in the defense against herbivores

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Rachel Benetti Queiroz-Voltan

1995-01-01

Full Text Available Acompanhou-se o desenvolvimento de populações de Hyptis suaveolens (L. Poit. (Labiatae em três localidades paulistas: Horto Florestal de Sumaré, Câmpus da UNICAMP (Campinas e Fazenda Santa Genebra (Distrito de Barão Geraldo, Campinas, em 1981-83. Em cada local, escolheu-se uma população exposta à luz e outra, à sombra, com o objetivo de verificar em que fase do ciclo de vida as populações se tornavam mais suscetíveis ao ataque de herbívoros; de estimar a abundância dos herbívoros naturais e seus efeitos nas populações e a conseqüência da variação química dos monoterpenos que nelas ocorrem sobre os herbívoros. As populações tornavam-se mais suscetíveis aos herbívoros no período que antecedia a floração. Não se observou forte ataque de herbívoros nessa fase, embora se apresentassem em maior densidade. Os resultados sugerem que a variação na composição química possa afetar o desenvolvimento de herbívoros generalistas. No entanto, o Pyrausta insignatalis Guenée (Lep.-Pyralidae-Pyraustinae, provavelmente bem adaptado à planta, parece não ter sido afetado por esses terpenos. Não se detectaram diferenças entre populações expostas ao sol ou à sombra. Tais resultados apóiam a idéia de que a variabilidade química dentro de populações vegetais é importante estratégia de defesa contra herbívoros, dificultando-lhes a especialização.Populations of Hyptis suaveolens (L. Poit. (Labiatae were accompanied during their development in three sites: Horto Florestal de Sumaré, Campus of UNICAMP (Campinas, and Fazenda Santa Genebra (Distrito de Barão Geraldo, Campinas, all in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1981 through 1983. At each site, a population exposed to full sunlight and another in the shade were studied. The objective was to evaluate, during plant development, the period when they were more susceptible to attack by herbivores; to consider the abundance of herbivores, and the role of variation

Variações no teor e na composição volátil de Hyptis marrubioides EPL: cultivada no campo e em casa de vegetação Variation in the content and volatile composition of Hyptis marrubioides EPL: cultivated in field and greenhouse

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Priscila Pereira Botrel

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This work describes the chemical composition of the volatile oil of Hyptis marrubioides cultivated in field and greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized, with ten replications for each type of cultivation. The volatile oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The highest content of volatile oil was found for plants grown in field. The highest percentage of the compounds present in oils was observed in samples grown in the field, such as germacra-4(15,5,10(14-trien-1-α-ol (16.34%, β-caryophyllene (10.42%, γ-muurolene (12.83% and trans-thujone (9.98%. However, some compounds were found only in plants grown in a greenhouse, such as cis-muurol-5-en-4α-ol (10.84%, α-cadinol (3.06% and eudesma-4(15,7-dien-1β-ol (6.82%.

Chemical composition and seasonal variability of the essential oils of leaves and morphological analysis of Hyptis carpinifolia

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Stone de Sá

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Hyptis carpinifolia Benth., Lamiaceae, is a species known popularly as "rosmaninho" and "mata-pasto", and leaves are employed in Brazilian folk medicine to treat colds, flu, and rheumatism. The aim of this study was to perform a morphological description of H. carpinifolia and to evaluate the seasonal chemical variability of the leaf essential oils during 12 months. Macroscopic characterization of H. carpinifolia was carried out with the naked eye and with a stereoscopic microscope. Essential oils were isolated from leaves by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Major compounds were found to be 1,8-cineole (39.6-61.8%, trans-cadina-1(6,4-diene (2.8-17.5%, β-caryophyllene (4.4-10.0%, prenopsan-8-ol (4.2-9.6% and β-pinene (2.9-5.3%. Results of essential oils compositions were processed by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Data showed high variability in the concentration of the components. Besides, there was a seasonal variability of chemical composition, probably related mainly to the rainfall regime.

Variação química do óleo essencial de Hyptis suaveolens (L. Poit., sob condições de cultivo

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Felipe Terra Martins

2006-12-01

Full Text Available This study was performed to establish the correlation between the growth conditions and essential oil composition of Hyptis suaveolens from Alfenas (MG, Brazil. The plants were grown in a greenhouse, four treatments were used and they were harvested at two different periods of time (60 and 135-day-old plants. The essential oil composition was determined by GC-MS analysis. The terpenes spathulenol, globulol, dehydroabietol, a-cadinol and beta-phellandrene were the major constituents found in the essential oil. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes represented the main group of constituents in most of the treatments. The major changes in the essential oil composition were found in 135-day-old plants grown under NPK deficiency. We also identified three groups of volatile components that have not been previously described in H suaveolens.

In vitro study of Vellozia pusilla pohl (Velloziaceae), a Brazilian plant species: antitumoral activity and labeling of blood elements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dantas, Ana Leticia Almeida; Valente, Ligia Maria Marino; Morais, Lilia Aparecida Salgado de; Feliciano, Glaucio; Bernardo-Filho, Mario

2005-01-01

Vellozia pusilla Pohl is a species of the botanic family Velloziaceae that occurs in the subtropical regions of South America and, although it lives under conditions of high solar irradiation and low water availability, shows great longevity. The methanol extract of roots, stem and leaf sheaths of this species showed an anti tumoral activity through the inhibition of the enzyme Topoisomerase I when analyzed by an in vitro bioassay employing DNA repair or recombination deficient mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the evaluation of the effect of Vellozia pusilla methanol extract on the labeling of RBC, blood of mice was treated with 99m Tc tracer solutions. The percentage of radioactivity (% ATI) bound to plasma (P) and blood cells (BC) was determined. The %ATI in the insoluble fraction of plasma (IF) was also evaluate, and the results showed that there was a decrease in %ATI in this fraction that represents the plasmatic proteins. (author)

EFEITOS DO EXTRATO AQUOSO DA HYPTIS PECTINATA SOBRE A REGENERAÇÃO HEPÁTICA APÓS HEPATECTOMIA PARCIAL DE 70%: RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES EFFECTS OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF HYPTIS PECTINATA ON LIVER REGENERATION AFTER 70% PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY: PRELIMINAR RESULTS

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G. B. de Melo

2001-01-01

Full Text Available O uso de plantas medicinais tem aumentado bastante na população mundial. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar os efeitos do extrato aquoso das folhas da Hyptis pectinata, popularmente conhecida como "sambacaitá" ou "canudinho", sobre a regeneração hepática após hepatectomia parcial de 70%. Foram utilizados 24 ratos, divididos em 4 grupos: grupo OS, em que se realizou operação simulada e aplicação oral de água destilada por 4 dias; grupo OSD200, também submetido à laparotomia com manipulação do fígado e aplicação de 200 mg de extrato/Kg de animal durante o mesmo período; grupo HP, hepatectomizado a 70% após 4 dias de aplicação por via oral de água destilada; e grupo HPD200, hepatectomizado a 70% após 4 dias de administração de 200 mg extrato/Kg de animal. Foram dosadas fosfatase alcalina, bilirrubina total e as aminotransferases e estudou-se o estado III da função mitocondrial. O grupo OSD200, quando comparado ao OS, apresentou redução significativa da fosfatase alcalina. O grupo HPD200, em comparação ao HP, teve redução estatisticamente significativa no nível da AST e do estado III da função mitocondrial.The use of medicinal plants has strongly increased by the world population. The objetive of this study is to assess the effects of the aqueous extract of Hyptis pectinata leaves, popularly known as "sambacaitá" or "canudinho", on liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy. Twenty four rats were divided into 4 groups: group OS, submitted to sham operation and oral administration of distilled water during 4 days; group OSD200, also submitted to sham operation and ingestion of 200 mg of extract/Kg of animal for the same period of time; group HP, which underwent 70% hepatectomy after 4 days of distilled water administration; and group HPD200, which underwent 70% hepatectomy after 4 days of oral administration of 200 mg of extract/Kg of animal. Alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and the serum level of

Efek Interaksi Ragi Tape dan Ragi Roti terhadap Kadar Bioetanol Ketela Pohon (Manihot Utilissima, Pohl Varietas Mukibat

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Tri Budi Kurniawan

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Ketela pohon (Manihot utilissima, Pohl varietas mukibat berpotensi sebagai bahan baku bioetanol. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek interaksi ragi tape dan ragi roti terhadap kadar bioetanol ketela pohon mukibat dan menentukan interaksi terendah yang efektif menghasilkan bioetanol yang dapat terbakar. Sampel yang digunakan adalah ketela pohon mukibat umur 7 bulan dengan berat rata-rata 500 gram. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola faktorial, yaitu konsentrasi ragi tape (0%, 0,3%, 0,6% dan 0,9% dan konsentrasi ragi roti (0%, 0,3%, 0,6% dan 0,9% dengan 3 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diukur meliputi jumlah sel khamir (data pendukung dan kadar bioetanol (data utama. Data kadar bioetanol yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan anava dua arah dan dilanjutkan uji Duncan (DMRT pada taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh interaksi ragi tape dan ragi roti terhadap kadar bioetanol ketela pohon mukibat p>0,05. Konsentrasi ragi tape dan ragi roti yang tinggi menghasilkan kadar bioetanol yang tinggi. Interaksi ragi tape 0,6% dan ragi roti 0,3% (T2R1 merupakan interaksi terendah yang efektif menghasilkan kadar bioetanol yang dapat terbakar (36%. Interaksi ragi tape 0,9% dan ragi roti 0,9% (T3R3 menghasilkan kadar bioetanol tertinggi dengan rata-rata mencapai 49,8%.Cassava (Manihot utilissima, Pohl var Mukibat is potential for bioethanol feedstock. The study aimed to determine the effects of the interaction of bread yeast and tape yeast on the concentration of mukibat cassava bioethanol and to determine the lowest effective interaction can produce flammable bioethanol. The samples used were mukibat cassava aged 7 months with an average weight of 500 grams. Research design was completely randomized design factorial, tape yeast concentration (0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% and the concentration of yeast bread (0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% with 3 replications. Parameters measured include the number of yeast cells (supporting data

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Hyptis suaveolens (L. poit leaves essential oil against Aspergillus species

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Ana Carolina Pessoa Moreira

2010-03-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to identify the constituents of the essential oil from Hyptis suaveolens (L. leaves using a Gas Chromatograph -Mass Spectrometer and assess its inhibitory effect on some potentially pathogenic Aspergilli (A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. ochraceus, A. fumigatus and A. niger. Eucaliptol (47.64 % was the most abundant component in the oil, followed for gama-ellemene (8.15 %, beta-pynene (6.55 %, (+3-carene (5.16 %, trans-beta-cariophyllene (4.69 % and germacrene (4.86 %. The essential oil revealed an interesting anti-Aspergillus property characterized by a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration of 40 and 80 µL/mL, respectively. The oil at 80 and 40 µL/mL strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of A. fumigatus and A. parasiticus along 14 days. In addition, at 10 and 20 µL/mL the oil was able to cause morphological changes in A. flavus as decreased conidiation, leakage of cytoplasm, loss of pigmentation and disrupted cell structure suggesting fungal wall degeneration. These findings showed the interesting anti-Aspergillus property of H. suaveolens leaves essential oil supporting its possible rational use as alternative source of new antifungal compounds to be applied in the aspergillosis treatment.

Essential Oils of Hyptis pectinata Chemotypes: Isolation, Binary Mixtures and Acute Toxicity on Leaf-Cutting Ants.

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Feitosa-Alcantara, Rosana B; Bacci, Leandro; Blank, Arie F; Alves, Péricles B; Silva, Indira Morgana de A; Soares, Caroline A; Sampaio, Taís S; Nogueira, Paulo Cesar de L; Arrigoni-Blank, Maria de Fátima

2017-04-12

Leaf-cutting ants are pests of great economic importance due to the damage they cause to agricultural and forest crops. The use of organosynthetic insecticides is the main form of control of these insects. In order to develop safer technology, the objective of this work was to evaluate the formicidal activity of the essential oils of two Hyptis pectinata genotypes (chemotypes) and their major compounds on the leaf-cutting ants Acromyrmex balzani Emery and Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel. Bioassays of exposure pathways (contact and fumigation) and binary mixtures of the major compounds were performed. The major compounds identified in the essential oils of H. pectinata were β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and calamusenone. The essential oils of H. pectinata were toxic to the ants in both exposure pathways. Essential oils were more toxic than their major compounds alone. The chemotype calamusenone was more toxic to A. balzani in both exposure pathways. A. sexdens rubropilosa was more susceptible to the essential oil of the chemotype β-caryophyllene in both exposure pathways. In general, the binary mixtures of the major compounds resulted in additive effect of toxicity. The essential oils of H. pectinata is a raw material of great potential for the development of new insecticides.

Capacidad antioxidante y contenido de fenoles totales de Hyptis spp., P. Heptaphyllum, T. Panamensis, T. Rhoifolia, y Ocotea sp.

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Geovanna Tafurt García

2015-05-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se evaluó la posible correlación entre las actividades antioxidantes, el contenido de fenoles totales (CFT y la composición química de Lamiaceae (H. conferta, H. dilatata, H. mutabilis, H. suaveolens, Burseraceae (P. heptaphyllum, T. rhoifoila, T. panamensis y Lauraceae (Ocotea sp.. Para los extractos etanólicos obtenidos por maceración en frio y evaporación a sequedad, la Capacidad Antioxidante Equivalente al Trolox o la Actividad Antioxidante Total (AAT, fueron determinadas mediante un ensayo colorimétrico con el catión radical ABTS, la Concentración Efectiva (EC50 fue evaluada con el radical DPPH, y el Contenido de Fenoles Totales (CFT, fue establecido mediante el método de Folin-Ciocalteu. Tanto la AAT como la EC50 estuvieron altamente correlacionados con el CFT. Las cortezas de T. rhoifolia y T. panamensis mostraron las capacidades antioxidantes más altas. Las Burseraceae spp. mostraron los TPC más altos y las Lamiaceae (Hyptis spp. mostraron los TPC más bajos.

Nematicidal potential of aqueous extract of Hyptis suaveolens in the management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita of some cowpea cultivars

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S. A. Abolusoro

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Studies were conducted under field and screenhouse conditions to investigate the potentials of crude aqueous leaf extract of Hyptis suaveolens in the management of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita of three cowpea varieties (Sampea 9, 10 and 11. A Randomized Complete Block Design was used in the field while a completely randomized design was used for the screenhouse trials. Results showed that the treatment significantly (p < 0.05 improved the growth and yield of the three varieties and also reduced soil nematode population and root galls. It was also observed that all the three varieties were susceptible to the root-knot nematode infestation but Sampea 10 recorded higher yield that were significant in the pot trials. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids in the leaves of H. suaveolens. For higher yield of the evaluated cowpea varieties in a nematode endemic zone, aqueous leaf extract of H. suaveolens is being recommended for infested soil treatment.

Essential oils from Hyptis marrubioides, Aloysia gratissima and Cordia verbenacea reduce the progress of Asian soybean rust

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André Costa da Silva

2014-04-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of essential oils derived from Hyptis marrubioides, Aloysia gratissima and Cordia verbenacea for controlling Asian soybean rust. The inhibitory activities of the essential oils (applied in a concentration range of 0.05 - 2% on the germination of Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospores were investigated using in vitro assays. The curative and eradicating properties of the oils (applied in a concentration range of 0.05 - 0.5% were studied under greenhouse conditions using the P. pachyrhizi-susceptible soybean cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate the effects of the essential oils on the morphology of the P. pachyrhizi urediniospores. The treatment with the essential oils at all concentrations tested led to the total inhibition of spore germination in vitro. The curative application of the essential oils reduced the disease severity, expressed as the area under the disease-progress curves, by 33 to 41%, whereas the commercial fungicide (pyraclostrobin + epoxyconazole employed as a positive control reduced the severity by 61%. The treatment of infected plants with the essential oils resulted in morphological alterations in the fungal structures that were similar to those produced by the commercial fungicide, namely, a shrivelling of the urediniospores, appressoria, germ tubes and paraphyses.

Growth, production and chemical composition of the essential oil in hortelã-do-campo (Hyptis marrubioides Epl. in function of the irradition level / Influência do nível de irradiância no crescimento, produção e composição química do óleo essencial de hortelã-do-campo (Hyptis marrubioides Epl.

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Priscila Pereira Botrel

2009-07-01

Full Text Available In the present work, the level of irradiation of 20, 60 and 100% of natural light on the growth, content and composition of the essnetial oil of “hortelã do campo” (Hyptis marrubioides was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in the completely randomized design with twenty-five replicates per treatment. After 132 days of cultivation, plant growth and the content and compositoin of the essntial oil were investigated. At 100% of irradiation, the plants presented less height as compared with the shaded treatments. The ratio branch/leaf was higher at the level of irradiation of 20%. It was found that in the full sunshine, the plants showed lower height as compared with the shaded treatments. The leaf/ branch ratio was higher at the lowest level of irradition of 20%. The number of branches and the plant mass accumulation were greatest at the level of irradition of 100%. The content of essential oil was not influenced by the levels of irradiation, but the yield was greater when grown at the level of 100% of irradiation. The chemical composition of the essential oil of Hyptis marrubioides did not present any alterations with the different levels of irradiation, except for iso-3-tujanol and ?-cadineno, which presented highest concentrations in plants grown, respectively at 100 and 60% of irradiation. The major component of teh essential oil of H. marrubioides, independent of the levels of irradiation was cistujona oxygenated monoterpene (37.78%, followed by sequiterpenes hiydrocarbonetes (E-cariofileno (14.93%, ?-copaeno (11.03% and ?-muuroleno (9.60%.No presente trabalho avaliou-se o nível de irradiância de 20, 60 e 100% de luz natural no crescimento, teor e a composição do óleo essencial de hortelã-do-campo (Hyptis marrubioides. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com vinte e cinco repetições por tratamento. Após 132 dias de cultivo analisou-se o crescimento da planta, o teor e a composição do �

Genetic divergence in nuclear genomes between populations of Fagus crenata along the Japan Sea and Pacific sides of Japan.

Science.gov (United States)

Hiraoka, Koichi; Tomaru, Nobuhiro

2009-05-01

Genetic diversity and structure in Fagus crenata were studied by analyzing 14 nuclear microsatellite loci in 23 populations distributed throughout the species' range. Although population differentiation was very low (F (ST) = 0.027; R (ST) = 0.041), both neighbor-joining tree and Bayesian clustering analyses provided clear evidence of genetic divergence between populations along the Japan Sea (Japan Sea lineage) and Pacific (Pacific lineage) sides of Japan, indicating that physical barriers to migration and gene flow, notably the mountain ranges separating the populations along the Japan Sea and Pacific sides, have promoted genetic divergence between these populations. The two lineages of the nuclear genome are generally consistent with those of the chloroplast genome detected in a previous study, with several discrepancies between the two genomes. Within-population genetic diversity was generally very high (average H (E) = 0.839), but decreased in a clinal fashion from southwest to northeast, largely among populations of the Japan Sea lineage. This geographical gradient may have resulted from the late-glacial and postglacial recolonization to the northeast, which led to a loss of within-population genetic diversity due to cumulative founder effects.

Estudo das folhas e caule de Hyptidendron canum(Pohl ex Benth. Harley, Lamiaceae

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Tatiana S. Fiuza

Full Text Available Hyptidendron canum (Pohl ex Benth. Harley, Lamiaceae, é utilizada popularmente como antimalárica, antiinflamatória, antiulcerativa, anti-hepatotóxica e anticancerígena. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o estudo morfo-anatômico das folhas e caules e identificar as principais classes de metabólitos secundários presentes nas folhas de H. canum, dados ainda não descritos na literatura. As folhas e caules jovens coletados em Goiânia (GO foram seccionados à mão livre e preparados para análise microscópica. Foram realizadas reações de identificação de metabólitos secundários do material dessecado e pulverizado. Preparou-se o extrato etanólico bruto, que posteriormente foi fracionado por partição líquido-líquido com hexano, clorofórmio e acetato de etila. As frações foram submetidas à análise cromatográfica em camada delgada (CCD. As lâminas foliares apresentam epiderme adaxial constituída por células poligonais com parede reta. Na epiderme abaxial observam-se células com parede reta a ondulada e estômatos diacíticos e anisocíticos. Tricomas tectores e glandulares estão presente em ambas as faces da lâmina foliar. O pecíolo apresenta aspecto canaletado, epiderme adaxial e abaxial unisseriada. O caule, em secção transversal possui contorno em geral quadrangular, com presença de tricomas tectores e glandulares. As reações e a CCD das folhas evidenciaram a presença de flavonóides, saponinas, terpenos e lignanas. Este trabalho contribuiu para um maior conhecimento da morfo-anatomia e das classes químicas presentes em H. canum.

Effect of the activity of the Brazilian polyherbal formulation: Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Peltodon radicans Pohl and Schinus terebinthifolius Radd in inflammatory models

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Karina C.P. Medeiros

Full Text Available The Brazilian polyherbal formulation (BPF is composed by dyes of Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Peltodon radicans Pohl and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi in alcohol at 13.3° GL. The formulation is popularly used in Paraíba state, Brazil since 1889 and it is used as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of the polyherbal formulation. For this purpose it was used the12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA and capsaicin-induced mouse ear edema and the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. The BPF at dose of 26 mL/Kg inhibited both 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA and capsaicin-induced ear edema by 49% (p < 0.05 and 24% (p < 0.01 respectively. Preliminary results on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema demonstrated that oral administration also inhibited the paw edema by approximately 29%. The results demonstrate that the Brazilian polyherbal formulation has anti-inflammatory activity and the better dose was the one used by the population.

Albedo do Solo abaixo do Dossel em Área de Vochysia divergens Pohl no Norte do Pantanal

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Jonathan Willian Zangeski Novais

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo analisou o albedo do solo (αsolo abaixo do dossel considerando duas etapas no ciclo hidrológico, a primeira em que o solo estava inundado e a segunda em que o solo estava coberto por serrapilheira acumulada sobre o solo em área inundável de Vochysia divergens Pohl no Pantanal, Brasil. Os valores de αsolo foram calculados pela relação entre as radiação solar global refletida e a incidente medidas abaixo do dossel por meio de estações meteorológicas. A inundação da área ocorreu durante fevereiro a junho e posteriormente houve um aumento gradativo de serrapilheira acumulada sobre o solo. O αsolo variou sazonalmente com maiores valores durante o período seco em que houve um aumento de aproximadamente 42% do αsolo em relação ao período com inundação. Análises de correlação cruzada entre o αsolo e precipitação, umidade do solo e a serrapilheira acumulada sobre o solo explicam em parte a influência direta e/ou indireta sobre o αsolo. A precipitação não influenciou diretamente sobre o αsolo do mês atual, enquanto que a umidade do solo influenciou diretamente sobre o αsolo no mês atual e nos seguintes meses, e a serrapilheira acumulada do solo correlacionou-se positivamente com o αsolo indicando influência direta no mês atual.

Differential expression proteomics to investigate responses and resistance to Orobanche crenata in Medicago truncatula

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Diego Rubiales

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Parasitic angiosperm Orobanche crenata infection represents a major constraint for the cultivation of legumes worldwide. The level of protection achieved to date is either incomplete or ephemeral. Hence, an efficient control of the parasite requires a better understanding of its interaction and associated resistance mechanisms at molecular levels. Results In order to study the plant response to this parasitic plant and the molecular basis of the resistance we have used a proteomic approach. The root proteome of two accessions of the model legume Medicago truncatula displaying differences in their resistance phenotype, in control as well as in inoculated plants, over two time points (21 and 25 days post infection, has been compared. We report quantitative as well as qualitative differences in the 2-DE maps between early- (SA 27774 and late-resistant (SA 4087 genotypes after Coomassie and silver-staining: 69 differential spots were observed between non-inoculated genotypes, and 42 and 25 spots for SA 4087 and SA 27774 non-inoculated and inoculated plants, respectively. In all, 49 differential spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF following MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Many of the proteins showing significant differences between genotypes and after parasitic infection belong to the functional category of defense and stress-related proteins. A number of spots correspond to proteins with the same function, and might represent members of a multigenic family or post-transcriptional forms of the same protein. Conclusion The results obtained suggest the existence of a generic defense mechanism operating during the early stages of infection and differing in both genotypes. The faster response to the infection observed in the SA 27774 genotype might be due to the action of proteins targeted against key elements needed for the parasite's successful infection, such as protease inhibitors. Our data are discussed and

Differential expression proteomics to investigate responses and resistance to Orobanche crenata in Medicago truncatula.

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Castillejo, Ma Angeles; Maldonado, Ana M; Dumas-Gaudot, Eliane; Fernández-Aparicio, Mónica; Susín, Rafael; Diego, Rubiales; Jorrín, Jesús V

2009-07-03

Parasitic angiosperm Orobanche crenata infection represents a major constraint for the cultivation of legumes worldwide. The level of protection achieved to date is either incomplete or ephemeral. Hence, an efficient control of the parasite requires a better understanding of its interaction and associated resistance mechanisms at molecular levels. In order to study the plant response to this parasitic plant and the molecular basis of the resistance we have used a proteomic approach. The root proteome of two accessions of the model legume Medicago truncatula displaying differences in their resistance phenotype, in control as well as in inoculated plants, over two time points (21 and 25 days post infection), has been compared. We report quantitative as well as qualitative differences in the 2-DE maps between early- (SA 27774) and late-resistant (SA 4087) genotypes after Coomassie and silver-staining: 69 differential spots were observed between non-inoculated genotypes, and 42 and 25 spots for SA 4087 and SA 27774 non-inoculated and inoculated plants, respectively. In all, 49 differential spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) following MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Many of the proteins showing significant differences between genotypes and after parasitic infection belong to the functional category of defense and stress-related proteins. A number of spots correspond to proteins with the same function, and might represent members of a multigenic family or post-transcriptional forms of the same protein. The results obtained suggest the existence of a generic defense mechanism operating during the early stages of infection and differing in both genotypes. The faster response to the infection observed in the SA 27774 genotype might be due to the action of proteins targeted against key elements needed for the parasite's successful infection, such as protease inhibitors. Our data are discussed and compared with those previously obtained with pea 1 and

Oral treatment with essential oil of Hyptis spicigera Lam. (Lamiaceae) reduces acute pain and inflammation in mice: Potential interactions with transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels.

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Simões, Róli Rodrigues; Coelho, Igor Dos Santos; Junqueira, Stella Célio; Pigatto, Glauce Regina; Salvador, Marcos José; Santos, Adair Roberto Soares; de Faria, Felipe Meira

2017-03-22

The genus Hyptis comprehends almost 400 species widespread in tropical and temperate regions of America. The use of Hyptis spicigera Lam. (Lamiaceae) is reported in traditional medicine due to its gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The rationale of this study was to investigate the potential use of the essential oil of H. spicigera (EOHs) as analgesic. The antinociceptive effect of EOHs was verified analyzing acute nocifensive behavior of mice induced by chemical noxious stimuli [i.e., formalin and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels agonists]. We also verified the effects of EOHs on locomotor activity and motor performance in mice. Finally, we investigate the involvement of central afferent C-fibers with EOHs analgesic effect. EOHs presented antinociceptive effect at 300 and 1000mg/kg on formalin-induced pain behavior model, presenting 50% and 72% of inhibition during the first phase (ED 50 =292mg/kg), and 85% and 100% during de second phase (ED 50 =205mg/kg), respectively. Temperature of the hind paw was reduced by EOHs treatment in a dose-dependent manner; oedema was diminished only by EOHs 1000mg/kg. EOHs does not impaired locomotor activity or motor performance. For mice injected with capsaicin, a TRPV1 activator, EOHs (1000mg/kg, ED 50 =660mg/kg) showed decreased (63%) nociceptive behavior. When injected with cinnamaldehyde (TRPA1 activator), mice treated with EOHs showed 23%, 43% and 66% inhibition on nociceptive behavior (100, 300 and 1000mg/kg, respectively; ED 50 402mg/kg). When mice were injected with menthol (TRPM8 activator), EOHs showed 29%, 59% and 98% inhibition of nociceptive behavior (100, 300 and 1000mg/kg, respectively; with ED 50 =198mg/kg. Finally, when desensitized mice were injected with menthol, EOHs (300mg/kg) does not show antinociceptive effect. This study demonstrated the efficacy of EOHs on experimental models of nociception. We have found the involvement of TRP channels V1, A1 and M8 with EOHs

Screening of the odour-activity and bioactivity of the essential oils of leaves and flowers of Hyptis Passerina Mart. from the Brazilian Cerrado

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Zellner, Barbara D.; Amorim, Ana Carolina L.; Rezende, Claudia M. [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Centro de Tecnologia. Inst. de Quimica]. E-mail: crezende@iq.ufrj.br; Miranda, Ana Luisa P. de [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ (Brazil). Faculdade de Farmacia; Alves, Ruy J.V. [Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Dept. de Botanica. Herbario; Barbosa, Jussara P.; Costa, Gisela L. da [Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Lab. de Taxonomia, Bioquimica e Bioprospeccao de Fungos

2009-07-01

The chemical profile of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and flowers of Hyptis passerina Mart., a rare species of the Brazilian Cerrado, has been determined for the first time. Analyses by GC-MS showed sesquiterpenes as major compounds. {beta}-epi-acorenol (35.7% and 32.8%, respectively from leaf and flower essential oils), was isolated and identified by 1D and 2D NMR. The flower-derived oil presented a higher concentration of hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpenes, while the leaf-oil was richer in diterpenes. The global odour impressions of both oils were given by direct analysis and GC-MS-O and were characterized as herbaceous with tea notes, and green, cooked and woody impressions for leaf-oil; herbaceous, with spicy, woody and minty notes for flower-oil. {beta}-epi-acorenol, spathulenol, {beta}-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide were relevant for the odour-activity of both oils, as well as minor constituents, such as linalool. The antimicrobial activity was investigated by means of agar diffusion disc method and contact bioautography, against Gram-positive and negative bacteria and yeast. Both oils presented to be bioactive against the tested microorganisms with significant inhibition level. (author)

Screening of the odour-activity and bioactivity of the essential oils of leaves and flowers of Hyptis Passerina Mart. from the Brazilian Cerrado

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zellner, Barbara D.; Amorim, Ana Carolina L.; Rezende, Claudia M.; Miranda, Ana Luisa P. de; Alves, Ruy J.V.; Barbosa, Jussara P.; Costa, Gisela L. da

2009-01-01

The chemical profile of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and flowers of Hyptis passerina Mart., a rare species of the Brazilian Cerrado, has been determined for the first time. Analyses by GC-MS showed sesquiterpenes as major compounds. β-epi-acorenol (35.7% and 32.8%, respectively from leaf and flower essential oils), was isolated and identified by 1D and 2D NMR. The flower-derived oil presented a higher concentration of hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpenes, while the leaf-oil was richer in diterpenes. The global odour impressions of both oils were given by direct analysis and GC-MS-O and were characterized as herbaceous with tea notes, and green, cooked and woody impressions for leaf-oil; herbaceous, with spicy, woody and minty notes for flower-oil. β-epi-acorenol, spathulenol, β-caryophyllene, and caryophyllene oxide were relevant for the odour-activity of both oils, as well as minor constituents, such as linalool. The antimicrobial activity was investigated by means of agar diffusion disc method and contact bioautography, against Gram-positive and negative bacteria and yeast. Both oils presented to be bioactive against the tested microorganisms with significant inhibition level. (author)

A proteomic approach to studying plant response to crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) in pea (Pisum sativum).

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Angeles Castillejo, M; Amiour, Nardjis; Dumas-Gaudot, Eliane; Rubiales, Diego; Jorrín, Jesús V

2004-06-01

Crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) is a parasitic plant that threatens legume production in Mediterranean areas. Pea (Pisum sativum) is severely affected, and only moderate levels of genetic resistance have so far been identified. In the present work we selected the most resistant accession available (Ps 624) and compared it with a susceptible (Messire) cultivar. Experiments were performed by using pot and Petri dish bioassays, showing little differences in the percentage of broomrape seed germination induced by both genotypes, but a significant hamper in the number of successfully installed tubercles and their developmental stage in the Ps 624 compared to Messire. The protein profile of healthy and infected P. sativum root tissue were analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Approximately 500 individual protein spots could be detected on silver stained gels. At least 22 different protein spots differentiated control, non-infected, Messire and Ps 624 accessions. Some of them were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and database searching as cysteine proteinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, endochitinase, profucosidase, and ABA-responsive protein. Both qualitative and quantitative differences have been found among infected and non-infected root extracts. Thus, in the infected susceptible Messire genotype 34 spots were decreased, one increased and three newly detected, while in Ps 624, 15 spots were increased, three decreased and one newly detected. In response to the inoculation, proteins that correspond to enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism (fructokinase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase), nitrogen metabolism (ferredoxin-NADP reductase) and mitochondrial electronic chain transport (alternative oxidase 2) decreased in the susceptible check, while proteins that correspond to enzymes of the nitrogen assimilation pathway (glutamine synthetase) or typical pathogen defence, PR proteins, including beta-1,3-glucanase and peroxidases, increased in Ps 624. Results are

Análise da evapotranspiração por wavelet de Morlet em área de Vochysia divergens Pohl no Pantanal

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Milena A. Goulart

2015-02-01

Full Text Available A variação tempo-espacial da evapotranspiração foi analisada por meio de wavelet de Morlet em uma floresta de Vochysia divergens Pohl (Vochysiaceae localmente conhecida como Cambarazal no Pantantal, no estado do Mato Grosso, Brasil Esta área está inserida na planície fisiografia do Pantanal e é sazonalmente inundada. Foram coletadas variáveis micrometeológicas, como: saldo de radiação, radiação solar incidente, temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar. Com referencia à evapotranspiração a análise diária da série temporal por wavelet de Morlet foi satisfatória, possibilitando melhor compreensão na dinâmica da evapotranspiração em área alagável e sua relação com a temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e radiação solar global. Conclui-se que ocorreram, durante a estação úmida, os maiores valores de evapotranspiração e maior intensidade de energia na alta escala de frequência devido provavelmente à maior disponibilidade de água em função da precipitação e inundação, e à radiação global.

The germination of bush mint (Hyptis marrubioides EPL. seeds as a function of harvest stage, light, temperature and duration of storage=Germinação de sementes de hortelã-do-campo (Hyptis marrubioides EPL. em função da época de colheita, da luz, temperatura e armazenamento.

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Ricardo Monteiro Corrêa

2011-10-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the effect of light, temperature, physiologic stage at harvest and length of time on the germination of Hyptis marrubioides seeds. Two trials were conducted. The first experiment was performed immediately after the seed harvest and consisted of a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial design with 2 environmental conditions (light and dark, 3 temperatures (20, 30 and 20/30ºC and 3 seed harvest times (green colored seeds, light brown seeds and dark brown seeds. The second experiment was conducted in the presence of light at a temperature of 30ºC and consisted of a 4 x 3 factorial design, with 4 storage times (0, 6, 12 and 18 months and the 3 three harvest physiologic stages used in the previous experiment. Both of the experiments were conducted in randomized blocks, with 4 replications of 100 seeds. Light did not affect germination. By contrast, a temperature of 20ºC retarded the germination process, although the percentage of germinating seeds was not affected. Seed storage and the different harvest physiologic stages affected the Speed of germination index (SGI and the germination percentage. Seeds that were harvested at the more mature stage (dark brown color could be stored for up to 18 months.O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a influência da luz, da temperatura, do estádio fisiológico na colheita e do armazenamento na germinação das sementes de Hyptis marrubioides. Foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro implantado logo após a colheita das sementes, constituído por um fatorial 2 x 3 x 3, com 2 ambientes (luz e escuro x 3 temperaturas (20, 30 e 20/30ºC x 3 épocas de colheita das sementes (sementes com coloração verde, coloração marrom claro e coloração marrom escuro. O segundo experimento, em presença de luz e à temperatura de 30ºC, foi constituído por um esquema fatorial 4 x 3, sendo 4 tempos de armazenamento (0, 6, 12 e 18 meses e 3 três estádios fisiológicos de coleta mencionados no

Assessment of Volatile Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl Baill by HS-SPME-GC-MS Using Different Fibers

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Celia Eliane de Lara da Silva

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The chemical composition of essential oil and volatile obtained from the roots of Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl Baill was performed in this work. The Clevenger extractor was utilized in hydrodistillation of oil and chemical composition determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS. The identification of compounds was confirmed by retention index (Kovats index obtained from a series of straight chain alkanes (C7–C30 and by comparison with NIST and ADAMS library. A total of 61 compounds were identified in essential oil by GC-MS. The extraction of volatile was performed also by the use of the solid phase microextraction (SPME with four different fibers. The essential oil extraction was extremely rapid (15 s to avoid saturation of the fiber and the MS detector. The majority of the composition of essential oil is the terpenes: β-pinene (major compound 9.16%, β-vatirene (8.34%, α-gurjunene (6.98%, α-pinene (6.35%, camphene (4.34%, tricyclene (3.79% and dehydro aromadendrene (3.52% it and aldehydes and alcohols. Through the SPME it was possible to determine the nine volatile compounds not identified in oil 2,3,4-trimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, α-phellandrene, 3-carene, trans-p-mentha-2,8-dienol, pinocamphone, D-verbenon, 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-(2-methyl-cyclopropyl-cyclohexene, 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methylbenzene, and (6-hydroxymethyl-2,3-dimethylehenyl methanol.

Atividade inseticida do óleo essencial de Hyptis marrubioides no controle de Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae

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Marcelo Barboza de Mello

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Sabe-se que uma grande porcentagem da produção e do armazenamento dos grãos de feijão é perdida pelo consumo de insetos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade inseticida do óleo essencial de Hyptis marrubioides no controle de Zabrotes subfasciatus. A extração do óleo essencial foi realizada pelo método de hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger, por uma hora e meia e o ensaio biológico foi conduzido no Laboratório de Microscopia/IFSULDEMINAS, Campus Muzambinho. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, constituído de cinco concentrações de óleo essencial (0,0; 6,25%; 12,5%; 25% e 50%, com quatro repetições contendo um casal de Z. subfasciatus por repetição. Realizou-se o teste de mortalidade e inibição de oviposição. Utilizou-se três grãos de feijão tratados com 5 microlitros (μL de solução e três não tratados, caracterizando assim um teste com chance de escolha. Como controle, utilizou-se 100 μL de álcool 70%. Após a aplicação dos tratamentos, observou-se a reação dos indivíduos de Z. subfasciatus, evidenciando que os Tempos Letais (TL diminuem conforme há um aumento e contato direto dos insetos com as concentrações do óleo essencial de H. marrubioides. A aplicação do óleo essencial foi bastante efetiva, pois ocorreu mortalidade total dos insetos adultos e nenhuma oviposição. O intervalo de tempo de 28 minutos foi suficiente para provocar mortalidade de todos os indivíduos. Foi possível observar que o óleo essencial de H. marrubioides possui efeito inseticida sobre Z. subfasciatus, podendo auxiliar no manejo integrado de Z. subfasciatus em feijão armazenado.

Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms in Faba Bean (Vicia faba) against Broomrape Species (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.)

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Rubiales, Diego; Rojas-Molina, Maria M.; Sillero, Josefina C.

2016-01-01

Faba bean (Vicia faba) production in Mediterranean and Near East agriculture is severely constrained by broomrape infection. The most widely distributed broomrape species affecting faba bean is Orobanche crenata, although O. foetida and Phelipanche aegyptiaca are of local importance. Only moderately resistant cultivars are available to farmers. Rizotrons studies allowed the dissection of resistance components in faba bean accessions against the very infective species O. crenata, O. foetida var. broteri and P. aegyptiaca, and to the inappropriate P. ramosa and O. foetida var. foetida. Results confirm that some levels of incomplete resistance are available, resulting in a reduced number of broomrape tubercles successfully formed per faba bean plant. Interestingly, the intermediate levels of resistance of cv. Baraca were operative against all broomrape populations and species studied, confirming previous reports on the stability of resistance of Baraca in field trials in different countries. Low induction of seed germination played a major role in the resistance against the inappropriate O. foetida var. foetida but not against the also inappropriate P. ramosa, neither to the infective species O. crenata, O. foetida var. broteri, or P. aegyptiaca. Negative tropism of germinated seeds with radicles growing away from faba bean roots was marked for both inappropriate species but was not observed in any of the infective species. Also, a proportion of radicles that had successfully contacted faba bean roots became necrotic, failing in starting tubercle development, particularly frequent for the two inappropriate species. Such necrosis was significant also on radicles contacting resistant faba bean accessions, being particularly relevant for Spanish O. crenata population, and lower although still significant in some accessions against Syrian O. crenata and P. aegyptiaca, suggesting that this might also be an operative mechanism to be selected and further exploited in faba

Fusarium spp. suppress germination and parasitic establishment of bean and hemp broomrapes

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Mohamed A. Abouzeid

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Thirty-nine Fusarium isolates were obtained from newly emerged infected bean broomrape (Orobanche crenata and hemp broomrape (O. ramosa collected from infested fields of faba bean (Vicia faba and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum respectively, in two governorates located south of Giza, Egypt. All Fusarium isolates were identified to species level and the effect of their culture filtrates on the germination of seeds from the two Orobanche species was tested in vitro. The inhibition of seed germination differed between the tested Fusarium isolates, depending on the plant part from which they were isolated, with isolates from the shoots of Orobanche inhibiting seed germination more than isolates from the inflorescences. The culture filtrates of Fusarium species from O. crenata were more toxic to the seeds of both Orobanche species than the Fusarium filtrates from O. ramosa. Seeds of O. crenata were more resistant to Fusarium culture filtrates than seeds of O. ramosa. The highest inhibition of Orobanche seed germination was achieved by six Fusarium isolates, one of which was identified as F. oxysporum, one as F. equiseti, whilst the other four were all F. compactum. Aqueous mixtures of mycelia and conidia of all the Fusarium isolates were directly sprayed on O. ramosa tubercles attached to the roots of tomato plants grown in transparent plastic bags, and were also used to infest soil in pots seeded with both faba bean and O. crenata. Two of the four F. compactum isolates (22 and 29 were significantly more pathogenic against O. crenata and O. ramosa, respectively, than the other Fusarium isolates tested in the pots and plastic bags. The study clearly shows the potential of biocontrol agents originating in one Orobanche sp. (e.g. O. crenata to control another Orobanche sp. (e.g. O. ramosa, as many Fusarium isolates deriving from O. crenata were found to be more pathogenic to O. ramosa seeds than the isolates from O. ramosa themselves. This may widen the

Characterization resistance mechanisms in faba bean (Vicia faba against broomrape species (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.

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Diego Rubiales

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Faba bean (Vicia faba production in Mediterranean and Near East agriculture is severely constrained by broomrape infection. The most widely distributed broomrape species affecting faba bean is Orobanche crenata, although O. foetida and Phelipanche aegyptiaca are of local importance. Only moderately resistant cultivars are available to farmers. Rizotrons studies allowed the dissection of resistance components in faba bean accessions against the very infective species O. crenata, O. foetida var. broteri and P. aegyptiaca, and to the inappropriate P. ramosa and O. foetida var. foetida. Results confirm that some levels of incomplete resistance are available, resulting in a reduced number of broomrape tubercles successfully formed per faba bean plant. Interestingly, the intermediate levels of resistance of cv. Baraca were operative against all broomrape populations and species studied, confirming previous reports on the stability of resistance of Baraca in field trials in different countries. Low induction of seed germination played a major role in the resistance against the inappropriate O. foetida var. foetida but not against the also inappropriate P. ramosa, neither to the infective species O. crenata, O. foetida var. broteri or P. aegyptiaca. Negative tropism of germinated seeds with radicles growing away from faba bean roots was marked for both inappropriate species but was not observed in any of the infective species. Also, a proportion of radicles that had successfully contacted faba bean roots became necrotic, failing in starting tubercle development, particularly frequent for the two inappropriate species. Such necrosis was significant also on radicles contacting resistant faba bean accessions, being particularly relevant for Spanish O. crenata population, and lower although still significant in some accessions against Syrian O. crenata and P. aegytiaca, suggesting that this might also be an operative mechanism to be selected and further

Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms in Faba Bean (Vicia faba) against Broomrape Species (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.).

Science.gov (United States)

Rubiales, Diego; Rojas-Molina, Maria M; Sillero, Josefina C

2016-01-01

Faba bean ( Vicia faba ) production in Mediterranean and Near East agriculture is severely constrained by broomrape infection. The most widely distributed broomrape species affecting faba bean is Orobanche crenata , although O. foetida and Phelipanche aegyptiaca are of local importance. Only moderately resistant cultivars are available to farmers. Rizotrons studies allowed the dissection of resistance components in faba bean accessions against the very infective species O. crenata, O. foetida var. broteri and P. aegyptiaca , and to the inappropriate P. ramosa and O. foetida var. foetida . Results confirm that some levels of incomplete resistance are available, resulting in a reduced number of broomrape tubercles successfully formed per faba bean plant. Interestingly, the intermediate levels of resistance of cv. Baraca were operative against all broomrape populations and species studied, confirming previous reports on the stability of resistance of Baraca in field trials in different countries. Low induction of seed germination played a major role in the resistance against the inappropriate O. foetida var. foetida but not against the also inappropriate P. ramosa , neither to the infective species O. crenata, O. foetida var. broteri , or P. aegyptiaca . Negative tropism of germinated seeds with radicles growing away from faba bean roots was marked for both inappropriate species but was not observed in any of the infective species. Also, a proportion of radicles that had successfully contacted faba bean roots became necrotic, failing in starting tubercle development, particularly frequent for the two inappropriate species. Such necrosis was significant also on radicles contacting resistant faba bean accessions, being particularly relevant for Spanish O. crenata population, and lower although still significant in some accessions against Syrian O. crenata and P. aegyptiaca , suggesting that this might also be an operative mechanism to be selected and further exploited

Biological activities of four essential oils against Anopheles gambiae ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The control of malaria is still a challenge partly due to mosquito's resistance to current available insecticides. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ovicidal, larvicidal and repellent activities of Lantana camara, Hyptis suaveolens, Hyptis spicigera and Ocimum canum essential oils against Anopheles gambiae s.l. ...

Evaluation of phytosynthesised silver nanoparticles from leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Hyptis suaveolens and their larvicidal activity against malaria, dengue and filariasis vectors

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Devan Elumalai

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The present study deals with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticle from the aqueous leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Hyptis suaveolens as reducing agent and to investigate the larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy (UV, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR, X-ray spectroscopy (XRD, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM and High-resonance transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM analysis. The nanoparticles are spherical, hexagonal, triangular and polyhedral in shape and the size of the Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs of L. aspera was found to be in the range of 7–22 nm and AgNPs of H. suaveolens was 5–25 nm. Larvicidal bioassay with synthesized AgNPs synthesized from L. aspera and H. suaveolens extract, showed 100% mortality at 10 mg/L against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus with LC50 of 4.02, 4.69, 5.06 mg/L and LC90 of 11.22, 12.09, 12.74 mg/L and LC50 of 4.63, 4.04, 3.52 mg/L and LC90 of 12.07, 10.99, 09.61 respectively. These results suggest that the synthesized AgNPs of L. aspera and H. suaveolens have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly agent for the control of the mosquito larvae.

Gastroprotection of Suaveolol, Isolated from Hyptis suaveolens, against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions in Wistar Rats: Role of Prostaglandins, Nitric Oxide and Sulfhydryls

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María Elena Sánchez-Mendoza

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Hyptis suaveolens is a medicinal plant that is, according to traditional medicine, considered useful in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Although its gastroprotective activity was reported, the active compounds have not been identified. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify at least one active compound potentially responsible for the gastroprotective activity of H. suaveolens by using a bioassay guided study with an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer experimental model in rats. The results show that the hexane extract had protective activity (close to 70% when using doses between 10 and 100 mg/kg, and that the compound suaveolol, isolated from this extract, was one of the active gastroprotective agents. This is the first report about the gastroprotective activity of suaveolol. Rats treated with this compound at 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg showed 12.6, 21.3, 39.6 and 70.2% gastroprotection respectively. The effect elicited by suaveolol (at 100 mg/kg was attenuated by pretreatment with either N^G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (70 mg/kg, i.p., a nitric oxide (NO synthase inhibitor, indomethacin (10 mg/kg, s.c., a blocker of prostaglandin synthesis, or N-ethylmaleimide (10 mg/kg, s.c., a blocker of sulfhydryl groups. This suggests that the gastroprotective mechanism of action of this compound involves NO, prostaglandins and sulfhydryl groups.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN HPLC-DAD ANALYTICAL METHOD TO QUANTIFY 5-METHOXYFLAVONES IN METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF Vochysia divergens POHL CULTURED UNDER STRESS CONDITIONS

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Letícia Pereira Pimenta

Full Text Available Vochysia divergens Pohl, known as "Cambara" in Brazil, is an invasive species that is expanding throughout Pantanal in Brazil, to form mono-dominant communities. This expansion is affecting the agricultural areas that support the typical seasonal flood and drought conditions of this biome. This article describes the development and validation of an HPLC-DAD analytical method to quantify 5-methoxyflavones in methanolic extracts of greenhouse-grown V. divergens associated with one of two endophytic fungal species Zopfiella tetraspora (Zt or Melanconiella elegans (Me and later subjected to water stress. The developed method gave good validation parameters and was successfully applied to quantify the flavones 3',5-dimethoxy luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside (1, 5-methoxy luteolin (2, and 3',5-dimethoxy luteolin (3 in the target extracts. Inoculation of the plant with Zt decreased the concentration of flavone 1 in the extract by 2.69-fold as compared to the control. Inoculation of the plant with Zt or Me did not significantly alter the contents of flavones 2 and 3 in the extracts as compared to the control. Therefore, the aerial parts of germinated V. divergens plants inoculated with either Zt or Me responded differently in terms of the production of flavones. These results can cast light on the symbiosis between fungal microorganisms and V. divergens, which most likely influences the response of V. divergens to changes in the availability of water in Pantanal.

Topical application of a cleanser containing extracts of Diospyros kaki folium, Polygonum cuspidatum and Castanea crenata var. dulcis reduces skin oil content and pore size in human skin.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Bo Mi; An, Sungkwan; Kim, Soo-Yeon; Han, Hyun Joo; Jeong, Yu-Jin; Lee, Kyoung-Rok; Roh, Nam Kyung; Ahn, Kyu Joong; An, In-Sook; Cha, Hwa Jun

2015-05-01

The effects of skin pores on skin topographic features can be reduced by decreasing excessive production and accumulation of sebum and elimination of comedones. Therefore, a cosmetic cleanser that regulates sebum homeostasis is required. In the present study, the effects of a cosmetic cleanser that contained Diospyros kaki folium, Polygonum cuspidatum and Castanea crenata var. dulcis (DPC) was examined on the removal of sebum and on skin pore size. Healthy volunteers (n=23) aged 20-50 years were asked to apply the test materials to the face. Skin oil content, pore size, pore number and extracted sebum surface area were measured using various measurement methods. All the measurements were performed at pre- and post-application of the test materials. When the cosmetic cleanser containing DPC was applied to the skin, the oil content decreased by 77.3%, from 6.19 to 1.40. The number of skin pores decreased by 24.83%, from 125.39 to 94.23. Skin pore size decreased from 0.07 to 0.02 µm 3 (71.43% decrease). The amount of extracted sebum increased by 335% when the DPC cleanser was used. Compared to the control cleanser, skin oil content was significantly decreased when the cleanser that contained DPC was used. The cleanser containing DPC also decreased pore size and number. Finally, the DPC cleanser easily removed solidified sebum from the skin.

Study of some resistance mechanisms to Orobanche spp. infestation in faba bean (Vicia faba L. breeding lines in Tunisia

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Imen Trabelsi

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The behavior of seven faba bean breeding lines toward Orobanche foetida and Orobanche crenata infestation was examined under field, pots, and in vitro conditions and compared to reference cultivars. The breeding lines presented resistance reaction to Orobanche spp. in different experiment conditions. In infested field by O. foetida, the grain yield reduction ranged from 55.7 to 83% for the breeding lines compared to 97% for the susceptible cultivar Badï. Lines L6 and L7 were the less affected by Orobanche parasitism considering severity, number of emerged Orobanche, and yield. In pots, the number of attachments varied from .6 to 3.4 and from 1.4 to 6.4 for the breeding lines against 10.4 and 12.3 for Badï inoculated, respectively, by O. foetida and O. crenata. In Petri dish experiment, Orobanche germination reached the highest rates; 69.9 and 59.7%, respectively, with O. crenata and O. foetida for Badï. For the breeding lines, it ranged from 6.3 to 44.9% for O. crenata and from 4.8 to 40.8% for O. foetida. Moreover, all breeding lines showed low tubercles number and delay in Orobanche attachments as compared to Badï. All breeding lines, except L5, maintained an acceptable level of resistance to Orobanche species manifested by a reduced Orobanche germination rate, low Orobanche number and dry weight, delay of attachments, and higher grain production compared to Badï. L5 seems to be less resistant even it behaves better than Badï in different culture conditions. The studied breeding lines could be recommended as resistance sources or candidates for varieties registrations.

Larvicidal activity of Neem oil and three plant essential oils from Senegal against Chrysodeixis chalcites (Esper, 1789

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Saliou Ngom

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: To evaluate the insecticide, larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oils from Callistemon viminalis, Melaleuca leucadendron, and Hyptis suaveolens against Chrysodeixis chalcites and to compare it with neem oil (Azadirachta indica. Methods: The essential oils of the leaves of these aromatiques plants were extracted by steam distillation and contacts tests were carried out. Results: Essential oils in ethanol from Callistemon viminalis showed a higher biological activity than the neem with 100% larval mortality at the concentration of 2 μg/mL for 6 h, 100% and 90% in ethanol from Melaleuca leucadendron and Hyptis suaveolens, respectively at the concentration of 4 μg/mL for 24 h. By inhalation, the essential oils from Melaleuca leucadendron and of Hyptis suaveolens were more effective with mortality rates of larvae 100% and 50% respectively at 2 μg/L air applied after 24 h. Nevertheless, the neem has shown to be a repulsive plant and anti-nutritional plant. A significant difference in the percentages of consumption between leaves treated with neem oil and the control samples was observed (Newman-Keuls test except for Melaleuca leucadendron. Conclusions: The results of the study highlight remarkable biocide, properties of tested extracts, which provides important opportunities for the development of biopesticides.

Lilleküla jalgpallistaadion = Lilleküla Football Stadium / Haldo Oravas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Oravas, Haldo, 1960-

2001-01-01

Arhitekt, projekti ja detailplaneeringu (AS Eesti Projekt, 1999) autor Haldo Oravas. Projekteerijad: ETP Grupp, projektijuht Aare Uusalu, arhitekt Peep Urb. Sisekujundaja Sirje Pohl. Projekt 2000-2001. 8 ill.: V korruse ja asendiplaan, tribüüni lõige, vaated

Laboratory and field evaluation of medicinal plant extracts against filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

Science.gov (United States)

In this study, chemical extracts of Jatropha curcas, Hyptis suaveolens, Abutilon indicum, and Leucas aspera were tested for toxicity to larvae of the filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Respective median lethal concentrations (LC50) for hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts...

Annales des Sciences Agronomiques - Vol 16, No 2 (2012)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Effet de la monoculture des poacees sur le controle de Hyptis suaveolens ... Dynamique des champignons endomycorhiziens dans les jachères manioc sur ... de gestion de la fertilité des sols dans la commune de ouaké au Nord-Ouest du ...

Multiple, Distinct Intercontinental Lineages but Isolation of Australian Populations in a Cosmopolitan Lichen-Forming Fungal Taxon, Psora decipiens (Psoraceae, Ascomycota

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Steven D. Leavitt

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Multiple drivers shape the spatial distribution of species, including dispersal capacity, niche incumbency, climate variability, orographic barriers, and plate tectonics. However, biogeographic patterns of fungi commonly do not fit conventional expectations based on studies of animals and plants. Fungi, in general, are known to occur across exceedingly broad, intercontinental distributions, including some important components of biological soil crust communities (BSCs. However, molecular data often reveal unexpected biogeographic patterns in lichenized fungal species that are assumed to have cosmopolitan distributions. The lichen-forming fungal species Psora decipiens is found on all continents, except Antarctica and occurs in BSCs across diverse habitats, ranging from hot, arid deserts to alpine habitats. In order to better understand factors that shape population structure in cosmopolitan lichen-forming fungal species, we investigated biogeographic patterns in the cosmopolitan taxon P. decipiens, along with the closely related taxa P. crenata and P. saviczii. We generated a multi-locus sequence dataset based on a worldwide sampling of these taxa in order to reconstruct evolutionary relationships and explore phylogeographic patterns. Both P. crenata and P. decipiens were not recovered as monophyletic; and P. saviczii specimens were recovered as a monophyletic clade closely related to a number of lineages comprised of specimens representing P. decipiens. Striking phylogeographic patterns were observed for P. crenata, with populations from distinct geographic regions belonging to well-separated, monophyletic lineages. South African populations of P. crenata were further divided into well-supported sub-clades. While well-supported phylogenetic substructure was also observed for the nominal taxon P. decipiens, nearly all lineages were comprised of specimens collected from intercontinental populations. However, all Australian specimens representing

Use of microsatellite markers in an American beech (Fagus grandifolia) population and paternity testing

Science.gov (United States)

Jennifer Koch; Dave Carey; M.E. Mason

2010-01-01

Cross-species amplification of six microsatellite markers from European beech (Fagus sylvatica Linn) and nine markers from Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) was tested in American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). Three microsatellites from each species were successfully adapted for use in American beech...

Genomic diversity among Actinobacillus lignieresii and Actinobacillus genomospecies 1 isolates

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kokotovic, Branko; Bisgaard, Magne; Angen, Øystein

Within the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl 1981 most taxa seem to be host specific. The aim of the present study was to investigate if bovine and ovine isolates of Actinobacillus lignieresii represent host specific subclones of this taxon. For comparison and to investigate the diagnostic potential...

78 FR 49978 - Airworthiness Directives; the Boeing Company Airplanes

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-16

... Pohl, Aerospace Engineer, Airframe Branch, ANM-120S, FAA, Seattle Aircraft Certification Office, 1601... Engineering Representative. Differences Between the Proposed AD and the Service Information Boeing Alert... structure not covered by the repair instructions in Boeing Alert Service Bulletin 737-53A1075, Revision 3...

Effects of Exercise Training and Social Environment on Stress Resilience in Male and Female Long-Evans Rats

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-15

Dalla et al., 2005; Marin, Cruz, & Planeta , 2007; Mineur, Belzung, & Crusio, 2006; Padilla et al., 2009; Pohl et al., 2007; Slawecki, 2005...48. 156 Marin, M.T., Cruz, F.C., & Planeta , C.S. (2007). Chronic restraint or variable stresses differently affect the behavior, corticosterone

Agrosearch 2015. Corrected

African Journals Online (AJOL)

suitable for use in nematode pest management (Rajapakse, 1990; Atungwu, 2009). Thus, the leaves of Hyptis ... was used for the analysis of the chemical constituents. The dichloromethane (DCM) ... A Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS-QP 2010) PLUS (Shimadzu Japan) system coupled with a finigan MAT ...

A revision of the Pliocene and Quaternary Lutrinae from Europe

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Willemsen, G.F.

1992-01-01

In this paper, a revision of the Pliocene and Quaternary Lutrinae from Europe is presented. Such a revision, including fossil material, has not been published since the work of Pohle (1919). Three tribes within the Lutrinae are recognized: the Lutrini, the Aonyxini and the Enhydrini. The latter

In vitro Studies of the Effectiveness of Five Plants Extracts Compared ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The crude aqueous extracts of five plants, Cleome viscosa L. Hyptis suaveolens Poit, Crotalaria retusa L., Jatropha curcas L., and Jatropha gossypifolia l., and a synthetic nematicide Carbofuran were studied in-vitro for their efficacy in controlling the rootknot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood.

Effect of imazapyr treated maize on Striga infestation and time of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

User

2015-01-21

Jan 21, 2015 ... Falconer, D. S. (1989) Introduction to quantitative genetics, 3rd edition. Longman Scientific and. Technical Essex England. Garcia-Torres, L. and Lopez-Granados, F. (1991). Control of bromerape (Orobanche crenata. Forsk.) in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) with imadazolines and other herbicides. Weed. Res.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of Crude Extracts From Plants ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Extracts from the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Kalanchoe crenata were screened for their antimicrobial activities. Solvents used included water, methanol, and local solvents such as palmwine, local gin (Seaman's Schnapps 40% alcoholic drink,) and “omi ekan-ogi” (Sour water from 3 days fermented milled maize).

Biodegradation of lignin by Shiitake Lentinus edodes (berk. ) sing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oki, T.; Watanabe, H.; Ishikawa, H.

1981-01-01

Each strain of L. edodes destroyed all of the structural components of wood (Fagus crenata) at almost the same rate during the loss of approximately 30% of the total weight of wood. The activities of the extracellular enzymes, i.e. peroxidase, laccase, and polyphenol oxidase, in the wood powder and lignin-containing cultures increased during the early period of mycelial growth, and then declined rapidly, while the activity of Beta-glucosidase increased gradually throughout the growth period. Functional group analysis, nitrobenzene oxidation, and spectroscopic characterization showed that dioxane lignin from F. crenata degraded by L. edodes or in crude enzyme solution isolated from wood-containing culture had a higher content of carboxyl groups than the sound dioxane lignin, whereas the content of methoxyl group was lower in the degraded dioxane lignin than in sound dioxane lignin. The building units of dioxane lignin, which yield aromatic aldehydes on nitrobenzene oxidation, were attacked preferentially by L. edodes under the above conditions.

Efeito alelopático de folhas de bamburral [Hyptis suaveolens (L. Poit.] sobre a germinação de sementes de sorgo (Sorghum vulgare Pers., rabanete (Raphanus sativus L. e alface (Lactuca sativa L. Allelopathic effects of leaves of "bamburral" [Hyptis suaveolens (L. Poit.] on the germination of seeds of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers. , radish (Raphanus sativus L. and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.

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A.C. Rodrigues

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi à verificação do efeito alelopático de Hyptis. suaveolens na germinação de sorgo, alface e rabanete, bem como, a comprovação da existência de compostos com potencial alelopático. Sementes de sorgo, alface e rabanete foram semeadas em substrato constituído de areia, terra e adubo orgânico contendo folhas de H. suaveolens. As análises da germinação foram feitas considerando a protrusão da radícula para o término do evento germinativo. Foi calculado o IVG (índice de velocidade de germinação e %G (porcentagem de germinação. Os resultados mostraram que sorgo e a alface foram mais susceptíveis ao potencial alelopático de H. suaveolens, sendo que para o rabanete foi observado um efeito benéfico. Entre os tratamentos, o substrato esterilizado e não esterilizado mostraram diferenças entre si. A análise cromatográfica do óleo essencial presente nas folhas de H. suaveolens revelou a presença de compostos com potencial alelopático. Portanto, H. suaveolens, pode apresentar efeito alelopático positivo no IVG de sementes de rabanete e a presença de microorganismos pode ser necessária para que esse efeito alelopático aconteça.The aim of this study was to verify the allelopathic effect of H. suaveolens on the germination of sorghum, lettuce and radish, as well as to prove the existence of compounds with allelopathic potential. Seeds of sorghum, lettuce and radish were sown in substrate consisting of sand, soil and organic fertilizer containing leaves of H. suaveolens. The germination tests were performed considering the protrusion of the radicle for the conclusion of the germinative event. GSI (germination speed index and G% (percentage of germination were calculated. The results showed that sorghum and lettuce were more susceptible to the allelopathic potential of H. suaveolens, while for radishes a beneficial effect was observed. Between treatments, the sterilized and unsterilized

Notes on Three Newly Naturalized Plants in Taiwan

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Shih-Huei Chen

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Chloris divaricata R. Br. var. cynodontoides (Bal. Lazarides, Boerhavia coccinea Mill., and Hyptis pectinata (L. Poit. are recently found naturalized in Taiwan. The present study gives the taxonomic description and line drawings of the three species. In addition, their distribution and notes on ecology and taxonomy are provided.

Haematological and sperm count changes following Exposure to ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The plants Hyptis suaveolens, Clome viscosa and Urena lobata are herbs commonly found growing in pasture and also used as medicinal plant in Nigeria. They were suspected to be toxic following a pilot toxicity study, and their toxic effects were thus evaluated on haematological parameters and sperm count of albino rats.

Ogar, Ironya

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ogar, Ironya. Vol 11, No 5 (2017) - Articles Phytochemical evaluation and GC-MS analysis of Hyptis verticillata cultivated in Calabar Cross River State, Nigeria Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1997-342X. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL ...

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Utu-Baku, Ashang Bonifice. Vol 11, No 5 (2017) - Articles Phytochemical evaluation and GC-MS analysis of Hyptis verticillata cultivated in Calabar Cross River State, Nigeria Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1997-342X. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More ...

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Anosike, Chikaodili. Vol 11, No 5 (2017) - Articles Phytochemical evaluation and GC-MS analysis of Hyptis verticillata cultivated in Calabar Cross River State, Nigeria Abstract PDF. ISSN: 1997-342X. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL ...

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Kossou, DK. Vol 4, No 1 (2007) - Articles Evaluation de l\\'activité insecticide de deux plantes Hyptis suaveolens (Linn) et Khaya senegalensis (A. Juss) sur les insectes ravageurs du niébé (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)/Use of two insecticidial plants for sustainable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) protection. Abstract PDF.

Anti-dyslipidemic and Antioxidant Potentials of Methanol Extract of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Purpose: The activity of the methanol extract of the whole plant of Kalanchoe crenata (MEKC) was studied for the treatment of diabetes-induced nephropathy in rats. Methods: Five-day old Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection (90 ìg/kg body weight) to induce diabetes. Kidney disease onset in ...

Potential use of essential oils from local Cameroonian plants for the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

On the other hand contact and inhalation tests with crude essential oils of Lippia rugosa and Hyptis spicigera are the most promising because of their efficacy on the other life stages. They are more efficient, with 100% mortality, on larvae at early stages and young adults. On resistant aged larvae and adults, the insecticidal ...

Bio-evaluation of South African plants for insecticidal properties

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Maharaj, R

2006-02-01

Full Text Available Flacourtia indica Maytenus senegalensis Psiadia punctulata Ximenia caffra Dodonaea viscosa Helichrysum species Nuxia floribunda Pterocarpus angolensis Euphorbia tirucalli Lippia javanica Parinari curatellifolia Rauvolfia caffra Hyptis pectinata Parinari... crispus Schefflera umbellifera Rauvolfia caffra Schefflera umbellifera Strychnos madagascariensis Ricinus communis Spirostachys africana Vangueria infausta Rumex crispus Strychnos potatorum Warburgia salutaris Schefflera umbellifera Vernonia myriantha...

Possible artefacts in the in vitro determination of antimalarial activity of natural products that incorporate into lipid bilayer

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ziegler, Hanne Lindvig; Jensen, Thomas Høgh; Christensen, Jette

2002-01-01

Dehydroabietinol isolated from Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. was found to inhibit growth of chloroquine-sensitive as well as chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum cultivated in erythrocytes in vitro (IC 50 26-27 microM). However, erythrocytes exposed to dehydroabietinol were trans...... be generally used to support claims of antimalarial effects of apolar natural products....

Tree Branching: Leonardo da Vinci's Rule versus Biomechanical Models

Science.gov (United States)

Minamino, Ryoko; Tateno, Masaki

2014-01-01

This study examined Leonardo da Vinci's rule (i.e., the sum of the cross-sectional area of all tree branches above a branching point at any height is equal to the cross-sectional area of the trunk or the branch immediately below the branching point) using simulations based on two biomechanical models: the uniform stress and elastic similarity models. Model calculations of the daughter/mother ratio (i.e., the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the daughter branches to the cross-sectional area of the mother branch at the branching point) showed that both biomechanical models agreed with da Vinci's rule when the branching angles of daughter branches and the weights of lateral daughter branches were small; however, the models deviated from da Vinci's rule as the weights and/or the branching angles of lateral daughter branches increased. The calculated values of the two models were largely similar but differed in some ways. Field measurements of Fagus crenata and Abies homolepis also fit this trend, wherein models deviated from da Vinci's rule with increasing relative weights of lateral daughter branches. However, this deviation was small for a branching pattern in nature, where empirical measurements were taken under realistic measurement conditions; thus, da Vinci's rule did not critically contradict the biomechanical models in the case of real branching patterns, though the model calculations described the contradiction between da Vinci's rule and the biomechanical models. The field data for Fagus crenata fit the uniform stress model best, indicating that stress uniformity is the key constraint of branch morphology in Fagus crenata rather than elastic similarity or da Vinci's rule. On the other hand, mechanical constraints are not necessarily significant in the morphology of Abies homolepis branches, depending on the number of daughter branches. Rather, these branches were often in agreement with da Vinci's rule. PMID:24714065

Tree branching: Leonardo da Vinci's rule versus biomechanical models.

Science.gov (United States)

Minamino, Ryoko; Tateno, Masaki

2014-01-01

This study examined Leonardo da Vinci's rule (i.e., the sum of the cross-sectional area of all tree branches above a branching point at any height is equal to the cross-sectional area of the trunk or the branch immediately below the branching point) using simulations based on two biomechanical models: the uniform stress and elastic similarity models. Model calculations of the daughter/mother ratio (i.e., the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the daughter branches to the cross-sectional area of the mother branch at the branching point) showed that both biomechanical models agreed with da Vinci's rule when the branching angles of daughter branches and the weights of lateral daughter branches were small; however, the models deviated from da Vinci's rule as the weights and/or the branching angles of lateral daughter branches increased. The calculated values of the two models were largely similar but differed in some ways. Field measurements of Fagus crenata and Abies homolepis also fit this trend, wherein models deviated from da Vinci's rule with increasing relative weights of lateral daughter branches. However, this deviation was small for a branching pattern in nature, where empirical measurements were taken under realistic measurement conditions; thus, da Vinci's rule did not critically contradict the biomechanical models in the case of real branching patterns, though the model calculations described the contradiction between da Vinci's rule and the biomechanical models. The field data for Fagus crenata fit the uniform stress model best, indicating that stress uniformity is the key constraint of branch morphology in Fagus crenata rather than elastic similarity or da Vinci's rule. On the other hand, mechanical constraints are not necessarily significant in the morphology of Abies homolepis branches, depending on the number of daughter branches. Rather, these branches were often in agreement with da Vinci's rule.

Gastropod growth and survival as bioindicators of stress associated with high nutrients in the intertidal of a shallow temperate estuary

Science.gov (United States)

Marsden, Islay D.; Baharuddin, Nursalwa

2015-04-01

The effects of multiple stressors on estuarine organisms are not well understood. Using cage experiments we measured the survival and growth of the pulmonate gastropod Amphibola crenata at five locations which differed contaminant levels. Water nutrients came from a nearby sewage treatment works and the sediment contained low levels of trace metals. Over 6 weeks of exposure, sediment surface chlorophyll levels varied amongst locations. The Chl a values were positively correlated with sediment N and P and trace metals As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Pulmonate survival depended on location, highest mortality was from a site close to the treatment plant and mortality rate of large individuals decreased significantly with distance away from it. For four locations, medium A. crenata had higher survival than small (juveniles) or adults. Growth rates of small individuals exceeded those for medium and large A. crenata. The mean length increment/week for medium gastropods ranged between 0.49 and 1.11 mm and was negatively correlated with the amount of Chl a in the surface sediment, suggesting the negative effects of eutrophication on gastropod growth. Growth rate of the pulmonate was not correlated with nutrient concentration or trace metal concentrations in the sediment. The dry weight condition index (CI) did not correlate with the growth rate, and for medium individuals, was unaffected by any of the environmental variables. The CI of small individuals was negatively affected by increasing water nutrient levels and the CI of large individuals negatively affected by increasing sediment nutrients and trace metal concentrations. The results from this study suggest that gastropod growth and survival could be used as tools to monitor the effects of changing nutrient levels and recovery from eutrophication within temperate estuaries.

Mechanisms of the training response in patients with peripheral ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

by Gardner et al.18 of 21 studies on exercise training in patients with PAD, PFWD increased 179% and the .... causes an inequality in the supply of and demand for oxygen. Aerobic generation of ATP becomes .... Pohl U, Holtz J, Busse R, Bassenge E. Crucial role of endothelium in the vasodilator response to increased flow ...

Co-occurence of Invasive Species on Priority TES Installations

Science.gov (United States)

2006-05-01

Tropical Bushmint Hyptis mutabilis forb Clay Camp Blanding FL Red-cockaded Woodpecker Congongrass Imperata cylindrica grass O,F Clay Camp...Woodpecker Yellow Unicornplant Ibicella lutea forb Alachua Camp Blanding FL Red-cockaded Woodpecker Congongrass Imperata cylindrica grass O,F...Grey Bat & Indiana Bat Indian Swampweed Hygrophila polysperma forb A AL Grey Bat & Indiana Bat Brazilian satintail Imperata brasiliensis grass

Effets des extraits vegetaux sur la dynamique de populations des ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La présente étude se propose de trouver une alternative de l'utilisation des pesticides chimiques en testant l'effet insecticide des extraits aqueux des feuilles de Hyptis suaveolens, graines de Ricinus communis et de Azadirachta indica contre les ravageurs du niébé en conditions de champ en utilisant le cyperméthrine ...

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Vol 9, No 3 (2013), Composition chimique de l'huile essentielle de Satureja calamintha (L.) Scheele du Maroc, Abstract PDF. A Ech-Chahad, H Farah, L Bouyazza. Vol 10, No 4 (2014), Composition chimique et propriétés antibactériennes des huiles essentielles d'Ocimum basilicum et d'Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit récoltés ...

Typologie spatiale de la végétation sahélienne en relation avec les ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

hp

0,0316. Tribulus terrestris L. 16,5. 0,0373. Très dégradé. Caralluma adscendens (Roxb.) Haw. 36,5. 0,0170. Acalypha crenata Hochst.ex A.Rich. 36,5. 0,0250. Tableau 4: Quantification comparative des variables par stade de dégradation. Variables de dégradation des glacis du bassin versant de. Gourouol. Peu dégradé.

Několik pohledů na partnerství

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Patočková, Věra

2008-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 2 (2008), s. 12-13 ISSN 1214-1720 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 2D06006 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70280505 Keywords : massmedia * partnership Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography http://www.socioweb.cz

Development of Cladium mariscus (L. Pohl. fruit

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Stanisław Marek

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The ovule and ovary development was investigated with the aim to establish from what is the scleroid cover of the Cladium mariscus fruit derived. It was proved, that like in other members of the Cyperaceae family, it derives from the ovary.

8TH International Laser Physics Workshop Lphys󈨧 Budapest, July 2-6, 1999, Program

Science.gov (United States)

1999-07-05

Gerhard J. MUller (Germany) Rudolf Steiner (Germany) Symposium Status and Future Directions of High-Power Laser Installations Co-Chairs: See Leang...Sciences, Kazan. Russia I.A. Shcherbakov General Physics Institute. Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow, Russia R. Steiner Institute of Laser Technologies...14.50-15.15 R. Steiner , A. Pohl, A. Bentele, T. Meier (Ulm, Germany) Laser Doppler sensor for laser assisted injection 30 SEMINAR 5 --- LASER METHODS IN

Antifungal properties of Brazilian cerrado plants

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Souza Lúcia Kioko Hasimoto e

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Ethanolic extracts from leaves of Hyptis ovalifolia, H. suaveolens, H. saxatilis, Hyptidendrum canum, Eugenia uniflora, E. dysenterica, Caryocar brasiliensis and Lafoensia pacari were investigated for their antifungal activity against dermatophytes. The most effective plants were H. ovalifolia and E. uniflora, while Trichophyton rubrum was the most sensitive among the four dermatophytes species evaluated. This study has demonstrated antifungal properties of Brazilian Cerrado plant extracts in "in vitro" assays.

Allamanda schottii (Apocynaceae: nueva cita para la Flora Argentina

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Julio A. Hurrell

2013-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo Allamanda schottii Pohl (Apocynaceae es documentada como nueva cita genérica y específica para la Flora Argentina. La especie fue hallada en la ribera del Paraná, en el norte de la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina. Se incluye su sinonimia, descripción, comentarios sobre su distribución, hábitat, fenología, biología reproductiva, nombres vulgares, usos y observaciones.

Evaluating the Significance of CDK2-PELP1 Axis in Tumorigenesis and Hormone Therapy Resistance

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-01

kinase substrate (HRS) (Vadlamudi and Kumar, 2007). PELP1 has highest tissue expression in brain, testes, ovary and uterus (Khan et al, 2005; Vadlamudi... Connections and regulation of the human estrogen receptor. Science 296, 1642-1644. McGuire WL and Clark GM (1992) Prognostic factors and treatment...Weinberg RA (2001) AIB1 enhances estrogen-dependent induction of cyclin D1 expression. Cancer Res 61, 3858-3862. Pohl G, Rudas M, Dietze O, Lax S

Genetic relationships among Orobanche species as revealed by RAPD analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Román, B; Alfaro, C; Torres, A M; Moreno, M T; Satovic, Z; Pujadas, A; Rubiales, D

2003-05-01

RAPD markers were used to study variation among 20 taxa in the genus OROBANCHE: O. alba, O. amethystea, O. arenaria, O. ballotae, O. cernua, O. clausonis, O. cumana, O. crenata, O. densiflora, O. foetida, O. foetida var. broteri, O. gracilis, O. haenseleri, O. hederae, O. latisquama, O. mutelii, O. nana, O. ramosa, O. rapum-genistae and O. santolinae. A total of 202 amplification products generated with five arbitrary RAPD primers was obtained and species-specific markers were identified. The estimated Jaccard's differences between the species varied between 0 and 0.864. The pattern of interspecific variation obtained is in general agreement with previous taxonomic studies based on morphology, and the partition into two different sections (Trionychon and Orobanche) is generally clear. However, the position in the dendrogram of O. clausonis did not fit this classification since it clustered with members of section TRIONYCHON: Within this section, O. arenaria was relatively isolated from the other members of the section: O. mutelii, O. nana and O. ramosa. Within section Orobanche, all O. ramosa populations showed a similar amplification pattern, whereas differences among O. crenata populations growing on different hosts were found. Orobanche foetida and O. densiflora clustered together, supporting the morphological and cytological similarities and the host preferences of these species.

New Brazilian species of Asphondyliini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae

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Maria Virginia Urso-Guimarães

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Asphondylia canastrae sp. nov. (Minas Gerais, Delfinópolis, A. sanctipetri sp. nov. (São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, and Schizomyia tuiuiu sp. nov. (Mato Grosso, Cuiabá are described. A. canastrae sp. nov. is associated with Hyptis sp. (Lamiaceae, A. sanctipetri sp. nov. with Didymopanax morototoni (Araliaceae, and S. tuiuiu sp. nov. with Bauhinia rufa (Fabaceae. Illustrations of the new species and comments about their systematic position are presented.

Sucrose effect on broomrape (Orobanche crenata) development on ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2009-07-06

Jul 6, 2009 ... sense, different control means such as ammonium- containing nutrients or essential amino acids ... Afterwards, the plates were wrapped in aluminium foil in order to maintain Orobanche seeds in the dark, .... tion of ammonium sulphate and to increase the yield of faba bean significantly (Kukula and Masri, ...

Nachkriegsmoderne als Herausforderung. Kontrasträume zwischen West und Ost in DEFA-Filmen der fünziger Jahre

OpenAIRE

Dorgerloh, Annette

2014-01-01

Die DEFA-Filme "Frauenschicksale" (1952, R: Slatan Dudow), "Spielbankaffäre" (1957, R: Arthur Pohl) und "Das Leben beginnt" (1959, R: Heiner Carow) stehen im Zentrum von Überlegungen zu szenographierten Kontrasträumen des Kalten Krieges im Film der fünfziger Jahre. In allen diesen Filme erleben junge Frauen die Verlockungen der westlichen Konsumkultur als Herausforderung, der sie zu unterliegen drohen, ehe es ihnen gelingt, sich in jeweils schmerzhaften Prozessen davon zu befreien. Angesich...

Analýza systému franchisingu McDonald´s v podmínkách EU

OpenAIRE

Nováková, Monika

2007-01-01

Tato práce hodnotí systém franchisingu - v teoretické části obecně, dále v ČR i v zahraničí. V aplikaci pak na firmě McDonald´s. V práci je obsažen i aspekt ekologie, médií a globální pohled. Také vedlejší činnosti McDonald´s, McDonald´s Cup a charita.

Beech cupules share endophytic fungi with leaves and twigs

OpenAIRE

Tateno, Osamu; Hirose, Dai; Osono, Takashi; Takeda, Hiroshi

2015-01-01

Endophytic mycobiota on leaves, twigs and cupules of Fagus crenata were investigated using a culture-dependent method over a growing season to test the hypothesis that endophytic fungi of cupule (a woody phyllome) share some components of the endophytic fungal assemblages with both leaves and twigs. A total of 14 fungal taxa were isolated, and the most frequent taxon was Phomopsis sp., followed by Xylaria sp., Ascochyta fagi and Geniculosporium sp. The compositions of fungal assemblages of le...

Book review: Economic geology: Principles and practice: Metals, minerals, coal and hydrocarbons—Introduction to formation and sustainable exploitation of mineral deposits

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, Eric

2013-01-01

This volume, available in both hardcover and paperback, is an English translation of the fifth edition of the German language text Mineralische und Energie-Rohstoffe. The book provides an extensive overview of natural resources and societal issues associated with extracting raw materials. The comprehensive list of raw materials discussed includes metals, industrial minerals, coal, and hydrocarbons. The book is divided into four parts: (1) “Metalliferous ore deposits,” (2) “Nonmetallic minerals and rocks,” (3) “Practice of economic geology,” and (4) “Fossil energy raw materials—coal, oil, and gas.” These sections are bound by a brief introduction and an extensive list of up-to-date references as well as an index. Each chapter begins with a concise synopsis and concludes with a summary that contains useful suggestions for additional reading. All figures are grayscale images and line drawings; however, several have been grouped together and reproduced as color plates. Also included is a companion website (www.wiley.com/go/pohl/geology) that contains additional resources, such as digital copies of figures, tables, and an expanded index, all available for download in easy-to-use formats.Economic Geology: Principles and Practice: Metals, Minerals, Coal and Hydrocarbons—Introduction to Formation and Sustainable Exploitation of Mineral Deposits. Walter l. Pohl. 2011. Wiley-Blackwell. Pp. 663. ISBN 978-1-4443-3663-4 (paperback).

Současný pohled na koenzym Q

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Rauchová, Hana; Vokurková, Martina

2009-01-01

Roč. 103, č. 1 (2009), s. 32-39 ISSN 0009-2770 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) 1M0510 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50110509 Keywords : coenzyme Q * mitochondria * dietary supplement Subject RIV: CE - Biochemistry Impact factor: 0.717, year: 2009

A revision of the Pliocene and Quaternary Lutrinae from Europe

OpenAIRE

Willemsen, G.F.

1992-01-01

In this paper, a revision of the Pliocene and Quaternary Lutrinae from Europe is presented. Such a revision, including fossil material, has not been published since the work of Pohle (1919). Three tribes within the Lutrinae are recognized: the Lutrini, the Aonyxini and the Enhydrini. The latter comprises both Enhydra and the Enhydriodon group. The genus Nesolutra, consisting of three insular species, is not retained. Two are included in Lutra and for N. ichnusae a new genus, Sardolutra, is pr...

Phylogeny and character evolution of the fern genus Tectaria (Tectariaceae) in the Old World inferred from chloroplast DNA sequences.

Science.gov (United States)

Ding, Hui-Hui; Chao, Yi-Shan; Callado, John Rey; Dong, Shi-Yong

2014-11-01

In this study we provide a phylogeny for the pantropical fern genus Tectaria, with emphasis on the Old World species, based on sequences of five plastid regions (atpB, ndhF plus ndhF-trnL, rbcL, rps16-matK plus matK, and trnL-F). Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference are used to analyze 115 individuals, representing ca. 56 species of Tectaria s.l. and 36 species of ten related genera. The results strongly support the monophyly of Tectaria in a broad sense, in which Ctenitopsis, Hemigramma, Heterogonium, Psomiocarpa, Quercifilix, Stenosemia, and Tectaridium should be submerged. Such broadly circumscribed Tectaria is supported by the arising pattern of veinlets and the base chromosome number (x=40). Four primary clades are well resolved within Tectaria, one from the Neotropic (T. trifoliata clade) and three from the Old World (T. subtriphylla clade, Ctenitopsis clade, and T. crenata clade). Tectaria crenata clade is the largest one including six subclades. Of the genera previously recognized as tectarioid ferns, Ctenitis, Lastreopsis, and Pleocnemia, are confirmed to be members in Dryopteridaceae; while Pteridrys and Triplophyllum are supported in Tectariaceae. To infer morphological evolution, 13 commonly used characters are optimized on the resulting phylogenetic trees and in result, are all homoplastic in Tectaria. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Induction of Haustorium Development by Sphaeropsidones in Radicles of the Parasitic Weeds Striga and Orobanche. A Structure-Activity Relationship Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Fernández-Aparicio, Mónica; Masi, Marco; Maddau, Lucia; Cimmino, Alessio; Evidente, Marco; Rubiales, Diego; Evidente, Antonio

2016-06-29

Crop attack by parasitic weeds such as Striga and Orobanche occurs through developmental processes triggered by host chemodetection. Seeds of those weed species remain dormant in the soil until germination is triggered by host root exudates. The development of haustorium, a parasitic plant organ that invades the host to withdraw its nutrients, is also initiated in Orobanchaceae by host molecular cues. The induction of haustorium development by exogenous signals has previously been reported for Striga but not for Orobanche species. In this work, we demonstrate that sphaeropsidone and epi-sphaeropsidone, two phytotoxic cyclohexene oxides isolated from the fungus Diplodia cupressi, a causal agent of cypress canker, induce haustorium development in radicles of the parasitic weeds Striga hermonthica, Orobanche crenata, and Orobanche cumana. This is the first report of chemical stimulation of haustorium development in radicles of Orobanche in the absence of host. In addition, SAR studies were carried out by testing the haustorium-inducing activity of the natural cyclohexene oxides, seven already known and four new hemisynthetic derivatives, in O. cumana, O. crenata, and S. hermonthica, to find a molecular specificity model required for haustorium induction. The results suggested that the haustorium-inducing activity is due to the possibility to convert the natural sphaeropsidone and natural and hemisynthetic derivatives in the corresponding 3-methoxyquinone and that the stereochemistry at C-5 also seems to affect this activity.

Low strigolactone root exudation: a novel mechanism of broomrape (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) resistance available for faba bean breeding.

Science.gov (United States)

Fernández-Aparicio, Mónica; Kisugi, Takaya; Xie, Xiaonan; Rubiales, Diego; Yoneyama, Koichi

2014-07-23

Faba bean yield is severely constrained in the Mediterranean region and Middle East by the parasitic weeds Orobanche crenata, O. foetida, and Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Seed germination of these weeds is triggered upon recognition of host root exudates. Only recently faba bean accessions have been identified with resistance based in low induction of parasitic seed germination, but the underlying mechanism was not identified. Strigolactones are a group of terpenoid lactones involved in the host recognition by parasitic plants. Our LC-MS/MS analysis of root exudates of the susceptible accession Prothabon detected orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, and a novel germination stimulant. A time course analysis indicated that their concentration increased with plant age. However, low or undetectable amounts of these germination stimulants were detected in root exudates of the resistant lines Quijote and Navio at all plant ages. A time course analysis of seed germination induced by root exudates of each faba bean accession indicated important differences in the ability to stimulate parasitic germination. Results presented here show that resistance to parasitic weeds based on low strigolactone exudation does exist within faba bean germplasm. Therefore, selection for this trait is feasible in a breeding program. The remarkable fact that low induction of germination is similarly operative against O. crenata, O. foetida, and P. aegyptiaca reinforces the value of this resistance.

Ecophysiological Traits of Leaves of Three Marsilea Species Distributed in Different Geographical Regions

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Tai-Chung Wu

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Marsilea, an amphibian fern genus (containing ca. 80 species characterized by their unusual leaves and reproductive structures, is distributed over the five continents. To investigate the adaptation traits of three Marsilea species (M. crenata, M. quadrifolia, and M. schelpiana, distributed in different geographic regions, to terrestrial conditions, we compared morphological features, optical properties and photosynthetic performance of leaflets of the three species grown in terrestrial environment. The results showed that leaflets of the three species had significant differences in some of the ecophysiogical traits. Among the three species, M. quadrifolia (distributed in temperate region where receiving low precipitation had the highest trichome density on its leaflet surface and the highest water use efficiency, M. schelpiana (mainly in southern Africa where accepting high level of solar irradiance had the tallest petiole and the highest leaf dissection index, total stomatal pore area index, PSII electron transport rate and photosaturated photosynthetic rate, M. crenata (mainly in southeastern Asia region where receiving high precipitation and with high humidity had the lowest leaf dissection index and water use efficiency. Accordingly, leaf characteristics of the three Marsilea species reflect the climate pattern of their habitats. The results also suggest that water availability and light intensity are two of the important factors contributing to the geographic distribution of the three species.

Electroluminescence

CERN Document Server

Henisch, H K

1962-01-01

Electroluminescence deals with the multiplicity of forms related to electroluminescence phenomena. The book reviews some basic observations of electroluminescence, the Gudden-Pohl and Dechene effects, the electroluminescence phenomena in zinc sulfide phosphors, in silicon carbide, and in compounds composed of elements in groups III and V of the Periodic Table (such as gallium phosphide). The text also explains polarization of free charge carriers, the outline of junction breakdown theory, carrier recombination, and phosphor suspensions. The book describes the growth of zinc sulfide crystals (f

Phytochemical evaluation and GC-MS analysis of Hyptis verticillata ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

has small flowers (aromatic) that are arranged in raceme and .... The fragmentation pattern spectra of ... appreciable concentration (7.17±1.04% and .... plants due to their roles in plant's defense ... environmental changes for instance saponins, ..... sugar and increases haematological and reproductive indices male rats. Afri.

QED is not endangered by the proton's size

CERN Document Server

De Rujula, A

2010-01-01

Pohl et al. have reported a very precise measurement of the Lamb-shift in muonic Hydrogen, from which they infer the radius characterizing the proton's charge distribution. The result is 5 standard deviations away from the one of the CODATA compilation of physical constants. This has been interpreted as possibly requiring a 5.9 standard-deviation modification of the Rydberg constant, to a new value that would be precise to 3.3 parts in $10^{13}$, as well as putative evidence for physics beyond the standard model. I demonstrate that these options are unsubstantiated.

The Production and Study of Cold Antiprotons and Antihydrogen

Science.gov (United States)

2015-08-03

Grafström, R. Hagel- berg, G. Kessler, and et al ., Phys. Lett. B 237, 303 (1990). [8] C. Zimmermann and T. Hänsch, Hyperfine Interact. 76, 47 (1993). [9...C. Parthey, A. Matveev, J. Alnis, B. Bernhardt, A. Beyer, R. Holzwarth, A. Maistrou, R. Pohl, K. Pre- dehl, T. Udem, T. Wilken, N. Kolachevsky, et al ...D. Lett, R. N. Watts, C. I. Westbrook, W. D. Phillips, P. L. Gould , and H. J. Metcalf, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 169 ( 1988 ). [15] J. Walz and T. Hänsch

Investigação das propriedades anticariogênicas de óleos essenciais: atividade antimicrobiana e caracterização química

OpenAIRE

Oliveira, Maria Alcionéia Carvalho de [UNESP

2012-01-01

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os óleos essenciais de Thymus vulgaris, Hyptis spicigera, Cymbopogon citratrus, Cymbopogon martinii, Cymbopogon flexuosus bem como os terpenos (citral e cineoli), com relação ao seu potencial para aplicação em terapia anticariogênica. Inicialmente, e a seguir foram realizados testes microbiológicos para a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), concentração bactericida mínima (CBM), utilizando os micro-organismos Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC ...

Jak a proč sociologizovat pohled na jazykovou kulturu

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Beneš, Martin

2016-01-01

Roč. 99, č. 3 (2016), s. 227-242 ISSN 0027-8203 Institutional support: RVO:68378092 Keywords : language cultivation * ontological socialism * intersubjectivity * common knowledge * language correctness * linguistic rule * usage * norm * codification * language change Subject RIV: AI - Linguistics

Systémový pohled na klub AC Sparta

OpenAIRE

Čečák, František

2015-01-01

Title: The system approach of the club AC Sparta Praha Objectives: Elaboration of financial analysis of the club AC Sparta Praha in season 2010/2011.Comparing the results of the financial analysis with the results of clubs FC Viktoria Plzeň and SK Slavia Praha. Prognosis of the club AC Sparta Praha until year 2020. Methods: In the elaboration of the analysis have been used these methods: vertical analysis, horizontal analysis and analysis of the financial ratios. For forecasting have been use...

Systémový pohled na klub AC Sparta

OpenAIRE

Čečák, František

2014-01-01

Title: The system approach of the club AC Sparta Praha Aim of the paper: Elaboration of financial analysis of the club AC Sparta Praha in season 2010/2011.Comparing the results of the financial analysis with the results of clubs FC Viktoria Plzeň and SK Slavia Praha. Prognosis of the club AC Sparta Praha until year 2020. Methods: In the elaboration of the analysis have been used these methods: vertical analysis, horizontal analysis and analysis of the financial ratios. For forecasting have be...

Cloning of Cnidoscolus quercifolius by layering, using vermiculite tailings and different concentrations of IAA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Aminthas de Farias Júnior

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Presenting great resistance to drought, Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl (faveleira is a species that can be used as fodder, medicinal, human food, biodiesel and to restore degraded areas. However, there are difficulties regarding the technique of rooting cuttings and, therefore, it was used in this work asalternative layering technique. The treatments consisted of substrates and concentrations of IAA (indole acetic acid.There was a percentage of 46% rooting in vermiculite tailings. Vermiculite tailings yielded a significant gain of dry root matter. Regarding the doses of AIA, no significant differences were found for any variable.

BEBERAPA TUMBUHAN OBAT ASAL KALIMANTAN TIMUR SEBAGAI SUMBER SAPONIN POTENSIAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Laode Rijai

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Saponin is a class of natural compounds that have activity that is strongly associated with utilization in pharmacy. Exploration has been carried out against a number of secondary metabolite content of medicinal plants in East Kalimantan and some of them found to contain saponins. Plants were found to contain saponins and are considered potential Kokang leaf (Lepisanthes amoena, Kesumbakeling leaf (Bixa orellana, L, Belimbing Wuluh leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi L., Sugi Gadjah leaf (Hyptis capitata, Karamunting leaf (Melastoma malabathricum L, Cempedak bark (Artocarpus champeden, Wijaya Kusuma leaf (Epiphyllum oxipetalum, Langsat seeds (Lansium domesticum, ekor kucing leaf (Acalypha hispida, Kelor bark (Moringa oleifera, Jarong leaf (Stachytarpheta mutabilis, Miana leaf (Coleus atropureus, Jengger Ayam leaf (Celosia cristata, and fruit of Libo (Ficus vargelata. Key words : East borneo medicinal plants, saponins   Abstrak Saponin adalah golongan senyawa alami yang memiliki aktivitas yang sangat terkait dengan pemanfaatan dalam bidang farmasi. Telah dilakukan eksplorasi kandungan metabolit sekunder  terhadap sejumlah tumbuhan obat yang ada di Kalimantan Timur dan beberapa diantaranya terbukti mengandung saponin. Tumbuhan-tumbuhan yang terbukti mengandung sponin dan dianggap potensial adalah daun Kokang (Lepisanthes amoena, daun Kesumbakeling (Bixa orellana, L, daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L., daun Sugi Gadjah (Hyptis capitata, daun Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum L, kulit batang Cempedak (Artocarpus champeden, daun Wijaya Kusuma (Epiphyllum oxipetalum, biji Langsat (Lansium domesticum, daun ekor kucing (Acalypha hispida, Kulit Batang Kelor (Moringa oleifera, daun Jarong (Stachytarpheta mutabilis, daun Miana (Coleus atropureus, daun Jengger Ayam (Celosia cristata, buah Libo (Ficus vargelata. Kata Kunci: Tumbuhan Obat Kaltim; Saponin

The molluscicidal effects of Hyptis suaveolens on different stages of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrator

2011-09-05

Sep 5, 2011 ... weeks old snails and the adults were exposed for 24 h. The egg masses were ... control strategy is focused on the parasite intermediate snail host. ..... synthetic) and they may occur as a result of loss in the control of water ...

GMO - pohled sociálních věd

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Seidlová, Adéla

2003-01-01

Roč. 1, 1-2 (2003), s. 21-24 ISSN 1214-438X R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IBS7028205 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : GMO * public opinion * risk society Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Implementation of the Least-Squares Lattice with Order and Forgetting Factor Estimation for FPGA

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pohl, Zdeněk; Tichý, Milan; Kadlec, Jiří

2008-01-01

Roč. 2008, č. 2008 (2008), s. 1-11 ISSN 1687-6172 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) 1M0567 EU Projects: European Commission(XE) 027611 - AETHER Program:FP6 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : DSP * Least-squares lattice * order estimation * exponential forgetting factor estimation * FPGA implementation * scheduling * dynamic reconfiguration * microblaze Subject RIV: IN - Informatics, Computer Science Impact factor: 1.055, year: 2008 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2008/ZS/pohl-tichy-kadlec-implementation%20of%20the%20least-squares%20lattice%20with%20order%20and%20forgetting%20factor%20estimation%20for%20fpga.pdf

Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Hyptis Suavoelens on the Food, Water ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... of Plasmodium(P.) species to hitherto widely used anti-malarial drugs such as chloroquine and more recently quinine. Resistance to these drugs which occurs with increasing frequency consequently underlies the necessity to develop new agents for malaria chemotherapy, (family Labiatae) a plant traditionally used in the ...

New findings of twisted-wing parasites (Strepsiptera) in Alaska

Science.gov (United States)

Mcdermott, Molly

2016-01-01

Strepsipterans are a group of insects with a gruesome life history and an enigmatic evolutionary past. Called ‘twisted-wing parasites’, they are minute parasitoids with a very distinct morphology (Figure 1). Alternatively thought to be related to ichneumon wasps, Diptera (flies), Coleoptera (beetles), and even Neuroptera (net-winged insects) (Pohl and Beutel, 2013); the latest genetic and morphological data support the sister order relationship of Strepsiptera and Coleoptera (Niehuis et al., 2012). Strepsipterans are highly modified, males having two hind wings and halteres instead of front wings or elytra. Unlike most parasitoids, they develop inside active, living insects who are sexually sterilized but not killed until or after emergence (Kathirithamby et al., 2015).

The deuteron-radius puzzle is alive: A new analysis of nuclear structure uncertainties

Science.gov (United States)

Hernandez, O. J.; Ekström, A.; Nevo Dinur, N.; Ji, C.; Bacca, S.; Barnea, N.

2018-03-01

To shed light on the deuteron radius puzzle we analyze the theoretical uncertainties of the nuclear structure corrections to the Lamb shift in muonic deuterium. We find that the discrepancy between the calculated two-photon exchange correction and the corresponding experimentally inferred value by Pohl et al. [1] remain. The present result is consistent with our previous estimate, although the discrepancy is reduced from 2.6 σ to about 2 σ. The error analysis includes statistic as well as systematic uncertainties stemming from the use of nucleon-nucleon interactions derived from chiral effective field theory at various orders. We therefore conclude that nuclear theory uncertainty is more likely not the source of the discrepancy.

Endogenous recipes for controlling arthropod ectoparasites of domestic poultry Receitas caseiras para o controle do ectoparasita artrópode nas aves domésticas

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Sahidou Salifou

2013-03-01

Full Text Available This study is a contribution to the inventory of medicinal plants and other methods used in controlling external parasitic diseases of backyard poultry in the localities of Djougou and Ouaké (department of Donga, Benin. It consists of a survey undertaken from December 2010 to March 2011 through visits and interviews with 210 poultry famers. The results indicate that 13 species of medicinal plants are used in controlling ectoparasites. Annona senegalensis, Tectona grandis, Securidaca longepedunculata, Indigofera hirsuta, Lophira lanceolata, Hyptis spicigera, Steganotaenia araliacea, Oxytenanthera abyssinica, Nicotiana tabacum, Jatropha curcas, Ficus exasperata, Azadirachta indica and Parkia biglobosa are believed to treat external parasitic diseases in the area of this study. Annona senegalensis was the most frequently cited plant (18%, p Este estudo é uma contribuição ao inventário de plantas curativas e outros métodos endógenos usados no combate aos ectoparasitos de pássaros de currais nas aldeias de Djougou e Ouaké (departamento do Donga, em Benin. A pesquisa foi conduzida entre dezembro de 2010 e março de 2011, durante visitas e entrevistas com 210 criadores de aves. Os resultados indicam que 13 espécies de plantas curativas são utilizadas no combate aos ectoparasitos. Annona senegalensis, Tectona grandis, Securidaca longepedunculata, Indigofera hirsuta, Lophira lanceolata, Hyptis spicigera, Steganotaenia araliacea, Oxytenanthera abyssinica, Nicotiana tabacum, Jatropha curcas, Ficus exasperata, Azadirachta indica e Parkia biglobosa, são usadas para tratar uma doença parasitária externa na área de estudo. Annona senegalensis foi a planta mais frequentemente usada (18%, p < 0.05 como medicação contra os parasitas externos das aves. Outras receitas tradicionais como o óleo de palma e a cinza tem sido comunicadas.

Molecular identification of broomrape species from a single seed by High Resolution Melting analysis

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Mathieu Rolland

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Broomrapes are holoparasitic plants spreading through seeds. Each plant produces hundreds of thousands of seeds which remain viable in the soils for decades. To limit their spread, drastic measures are being taken and the contamination of a commercial seed lot by a single broomrape seed can lead to its rejection. Considering that broomrapes species identification from a single seed is extremely difficult even for trained botanists and that among all the described species, only a few are really noxious for the crops, numerous seed lots are rejected because of the contamination by seeds of non-noxious broomrape species. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a High Resolution Melting assay identifying the eight most noxious and common broomrape species (P. aegyptiaca, O. cernua, O. crenata, O. cumana, O. foetida, O. hederae, O. minor, and P. ramosa from a single seed. Based on trnL and rbcL plastidial genes amplification, the designed assay successfully identifies O. cumana, O. cernua, O. crenata, O. minor, O. hederae, and O. foetida; P. ramosa and P. aegyptiaca can be differentiated from other species but not from each other. Tested on 50 seed lots, obtained results perfectly matched identifications performed by sequencing. Through the analysis of common seed lots by different analysts, the reproducibility of the assay was evaluated at 90 %. Despite an original sample preparation process it was not possible to extract enough DNA from some seeds (10% of the samples. The described assay fulfils its objectives and allows an accurate identification of the targeted broomrape species. It can be used to identify contaminants in commercial seed lots or for any other purpose. The assay might be extended to vegetative material.

Morphological and genetic divergence between Agave inaequidens, A. cupreata and the domesticated A. hookeri. Analysis of their evolutionary relationships.

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Carmen J Figueredo-Urbina

Full Text Available Agave inaequidens and A. cupreata are wild species with some populations under incipient management, while A. hookeri is exclusively cultivated, used for producing the fermented beverage pulque. These species are closely related and sympatric members of the Crenatae group, but taxonomists have previously hypothesized that A. inaequidens is the most probable ancestor of A. hookeri. Our study aims at evaluating patterns of morphological and genetic divergence among populations of the three species, in order to analyze their ecological and possible evolutionary relationships. We studied 24 agave populations, 16 of them of Agave inaequidens, four of A. cupreata and four of A. hookeri. Population morphometric and genetics studies were performed using 39 morphological characters and 10 nuclear microsatellites, respectively. We estimated levels of morphological and genetic diversity and dissimilarity, as well as genetic structure and gene flow among populations and species. The three species were clearly differentiated by general plant size, lateral teeth, terminal spines, flowers and fruit size. The largest plants were those of A. hookeri followed by A. inaequidens and the smallest were A. cupreata. Multivariate analyses indicated greater morphological similarity between A. hookeri and cultivated A. inaequidens, while A. cupreata consistently appeared as a separate group. We identified similar levels of morphological diversity index (MDI in the three species, but higher genetic diversity in A. inaequidens (MDI = 0.401-0.435; HE = 0.704-0.733, than in A. cupreata (MDI = 0.455-0.523; HE = 0.480-0.510 and the predominantly vegetative propagated crop A. hookeri (MDI = 0.335-0.688; HE = 0.450-0.567, a pattern consistent with our expectations. The morphological and genetic similarities between cultivated A. inaequidens and A. hookeri support the hypothetical evolutionary relationships among these species, but studies with cpDNA and SNPs, and including other

Morphological and genetic divergence between Agave inaequidens, A. cupreata and the domesticated A. hookeri. Analysis of their evolutionary relationships.

Science.gov (United States)

Figueredo-Urbina, Carmen J; Casas, Alejandro; Torres-García, Ignacio

2017-01-01

Agave inaequidens and A. cupreata are wild species with some populations under incipient management, while A. hookeri is exclusively cultivated, used for producing the fermented beverage pulque. These species are closely related and sympatric members of the Crenatae group, but taxonomists have previously hypothesized that A. inaequidens is the most probable ancestor of A. hookeri. Our study aims at evaluating patterns of morphological and genetic divergence among populations of the three species, in order to analyze their ecological and possible evolutionary relationships. We studied 24 agave populations, 16 of them of Agave inaequidens, four of A. cupreata and four of A. hookeri. Population morphometric and genetics studies were performed using 39 morphological characters and 10 nuclear microsatellites, respectively. We estimated levels of morphological and genetic diversity and dissimilarity, as well as genetic structure and gene flow among populations and species. The three species were clearly differentiated by general plant size, lateral teeth, terminal spines, flowers and fruit size. The largest plants were those of A. hookeri followed by A. inaequidens and the smallest were A. cupreata. Multivariate analyses indicated greater morphological similarity between A. hookeri and cultivated A. inaequidens, while A. cupreata consistently appeared as a separate group. We identified similar levels of morphological diversity index (MDI) in the three species, but higher genetic diversity in A. inaequidens (MDI = 0.401-0.435; HE = 0.704-0.733), than in A. cupreata (MDI = 0.455-0.523; HE = 0.480-0.510) and the predominantly vegetative propagated crop A. hookeri (MDI = 0.335-0.688; HE = 0.450-0.567), a pattern consistent with our expectations. The morphological and genetic similarities between cultivated A. inaequidens and A. hookeri support the hypothetical evolutionary relationships among these species, but studies with cpDNA and SNPs, and including other member of the

Metabolic response induced by endophytic fungi and bacteria in H. marrubioides Epling in vitro micro plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vitorino, Luciana Cristina; Silva, Fabiano Guimaraes; Lima, William Cardoso; Soares, Marcos Antonio; Pedroso, Rita Cassia Nascimento; Silva, Maroli Rodrigues; Dias, Herbert Junior; Crotti, Antonio Eduardo Miller; Silva, Marcio Luis Andrade e; Cunha, Wilson Roberto; Pauletti, Patricia Mendonca; Januario, Ana Helena

2013-01-01

Hyptis marrubioides Epling is a native plant from Brazilian Cerrado. In this paper, the response of in vitro micro plants of this species to inoculation with bacterial and fungal endophytic isolates is evaluated. HPLC-DAD analysis showed the presence of 3,4-O-(Z)-dicaffeoylquinic acid and quercetin-7-O-glucoside as the main components. GC/MS analysis demonstrated that the sesquiterpenes τ-cadinol and caryophyllene oxide were only produced in micro plants inoculated with endophytic bacteria, while methyl hexadecanoate, methyl heptadecanoate and methyl (Z,Z,Z) 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate and the triterpene methyl 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oate were over expressed only when the micro plant was treated with endophytic fungi. (author)

"Fotografický pohled malíře Jana Vochoče

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Suchomelová, Marcela

2005-01-01

Roč. 5, č. 1 (2005), s. 49-53. ISBN 80-86712-30-3. ISSN 1213-399X Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90580513 Keywords : Portrait Photography of the Region * Privat Family Correspondence * Painter Jan Vochoč (1865-1920) Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

Pohled na Slovenskou krajanskou politiku z celosvětové perspektivy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Brouček, Stanislav

2017-01-01

Roč. 24, č. 5 (2017), s. 10-11 ISSN 1213-0249 Institutional support: RVO:68378076 Keywords : migration * migration policy Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology OBOR OECD: Antropology, ethnology

Pohled historika na státní krajanskou politiku na Slovensku

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Brouček, Stanislav

2017-01-01

Roč. 24, č. 6 (2017), s. 12-13 ISSN 1213-0249 Institutional support: RVO:68378076 Keywords : migration * migration policy Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology OBOR OECD: Antropology, ethnology

Pravoslavná teologická etika – několik pohledů

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Václav Ventura

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The article introduces a key text of contemporary orthodox ethics called The Basis of the Russian Orthodox Church’s Social Concept, which synthesises theoretical and practical orthodox attitudes, briefly traces patristic sources from which this ethics originates and shows the connection of othodox ethics and spirituality, which is the basic and original accent of orthodox theology. Last but not least, it draws attention to several modern works of orthodox theologians, which are devoted to ethical themes.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of wood. III. Pretreatment of woods with acidic methanol-water mixture

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimizu, K; Usami, K

1980-01-01

Wood meal of Pinus densiflora (I) and Fagus crenata (II) was heated in aqueous methanol containing 0.1-0.6% HCl for 15-90 minutes at 120-170 degrees Centigrade to remove lignin and hydrolyse hemicelluloses. About 75% of the lignin could be removed from (I) and 90% from (II) under appropriate conditions. The cellulosic residues were hydrolysed with Trichoderma viride; it was necessary to remove more than 70% of the lignin from (I) and 80% from (II) for complete hydrolysis of the cellulose. Lignin was precipitated from the hydrolysis liquor by distilling off the methanol. The effects of composition of the MeOH-H/sub 2/O mixture, temperature, reaction time and HC1 concentration were studied.

Vztah tělesné aktivity a duševního zdraví – současný pohled kvalitativního výzkumu The physical activity and mental health relationship – a contemporary perspective from qualitative research

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Brendan Gough

2006-02-01

Full Text Available Pozitivní vztah mezi tělesnou aktivitou a duševním zdravím a jeho využití při léčbě duševních chorob jsou známy. Přesto stále nebylo dosaženo shody ohledně mechanismu, který je za tento vztah zodpovědný. Článek zkoumá vztah tělesné aktivity a duševního zdraví kritickým posouzením biochemických, fyziologických a psychologických mechanismů, které mají tento jev vysvětlovat. Z takového posouzení vyplývá, že přes různá navrhovaná vysvětlení panuje v této oblasti jen málo shody, s výjimkou toho, že jde o vztah komplexní a že v zodpovědném mechanismu či zodpovědných mechanismech se pravděpodobně navzájem kombinují prvky psychologické, biochemické i fyziologické. Pokus o lepší pochopení komplexnosti tohoto vztahu doplňují zjištění z kvalitativního výzkumu zkoumajícího vztah z pohledu osob, které prospěšný vliv cvičení na duševní zdraví zažívají. Pomocí metodologie kvalitativního výzkumu zjišťovala studie zkušenosti účastníků cvičebních programů ve Velké Británii. Závěrem je konstatováno, že kvalitativní metodologie zkoumající zkušenosti lidí a prostředky, které je usnadňují, poskytuje další pohled na složitou povahu vztahu tělesné aktivity a duševního zdraví. There is a known positive relationship between physical activity and mental health, and in the treatment and maintenance of mental illness. Despite this relationship however, there still remains a lack of consensus on the mechanism responsible for the relationship. This paper explores the physical activity and mental health relationship by reviewing and critiquing the biochemical, physiological and psychological mechanisms proposed to explain this phenomenon. Through this review it becomes apparent that although there are varied explanations proposed, there is little agreement except that the relationship is complex and the responsible mechanism(s are likely to be

Routine blood tests to predict liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C.

Science.gov (United States)

Hsieh, Yung-Yu; Tung, Shui-Yi; Lee, Kamfai; Wu, Cheng-Shyong; Wei, Kuo-Liang; Shen, Chien-Heng; Chang, Te-Sheng; Lin, Yi-Hsiung

2012-02-28

To verify the usefulness of FibroQ for predicting fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C, compared with other noninvasive tests. This retrospective cohort study included 237 consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy before treatment. FibroQ, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), AST to platelet ratio index, cirrhosis discriminant score, age-platelet index (API), Pohl score, FIB-4 index, and Lok's model were calculated and compared. FibroQ, FIB-4, AAR, API and Lok's model results increased significantly as fibrosis advanced (analysis of variance test: P fibrosis score in chronic hepatitis C compared with other noninvasive tests. FibroQ is a simple and useful test for predicting significant fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Decentralizované systémy hospodaření s dešťovou vodou v městském prostředí

OpenAIRE

Šerek, Jiří

2013-01-01

Příspěvek se zabývá problematikou hospodaření s dešťovými vodami v urbanizovaném území. Cílem je popsat rizika současného centralizovaného způsobu odvodnění a poukázat na možnosti systémů decentralizovaných. Článek také nabízí pohled na tyto systémy z hle The main topic is rainwater management in urban areas. The aim is to describe the risks of centralized drainage system and to show the advantages of decentralized systems. The article also provides an overview of these systems in terms of...

Phytotherapy of experimental depression: Kalanchoe integra Var. Crenata (Andr. Cuf Leaf Extract

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Kennedy K E Kukuia

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Context: Kalanchoe sp. have been used since 1921 for central nervous system (CNS disorders such as psychosis and depression. It is known to possess CNS depressant effects. Aims: To investigate the antidepressant properties of the aqueous leaf extract of Kalanchoe integra. Settings and Design: The study was carried out at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology between 6 a.m. and 3 p.m. Materials and Methods: ICR mice were subjected to the forced swimming test (FST and tail suspension test (TST after they had received extract (30-300 mg/kg, fluoxetine (3-30 mg/kg, desipramine (3-30 mg/kg orally, or water (as vehicle. In a separate experiment, mice were pre-treated with reserpine (1 mg/kg, α-methyl paratyrosine (AMPT; 400 mg/kg, both reserpine (1 mg/kg and AMPT (200 mg/kg concomitantly, or p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA; 200 mg/kg to ascertain the role of the noradrenergic and serotoninergic systems in the mode of action of the extract. Statistical analysis used: Means were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls′ post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In both FST and TST, the extract induced a decline in immobility, indicative of antidepressant-like effect. This diminution in immobility was reversed by pCPA, but not by reserpine and/or AMPT. The extract increased the swimming and climbing scores in the FST, suggestive of possible interaction with serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems. In the TST, the extract produced increases in both curling and swinging scores, suggestive of opioidergic monoaminergic activity, respectively. Conclusions: The present study has demonstrated the antidepressant potential of the aqueous leaf extract of K. integra is mediated possibly by a complex interplay between serotoninergic, opioidergic, and noradrenergic systems.

Phytotherapy of experimental depression: Kalanchoe integra Var. Crenata (Andr.) Cuf Leaf Extract.

Science.gov (United States)

Kukuia, Kennedy K E; Asiedu-Gyekye, Isaac J; Woode, Eric; Biney, Robert P; Addae, Emmanuel

2015-01-01

Kalanchoe sp. have been used since 1921 for central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as psychosis and depression. It is known to possess CNS depressant effects. To investigate the antidepressant properties of the aqueous leaf extract of Kalanchoe integra. The study was carried out at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology between 6 a.m. and 3 p.m. ICR mice were subjected to the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) after they had received extract (30-300 mg/kg), fluoxetine (3-30 mg/kg), desipramine (3-30 mg/kg) orally, or water (as vehicle). In a separate experiment, mice were pre-treated with reserpine (1 mg/kg), α-methyl paratyrosine (AMPT; 400 mg/kg), both reserpine (1 mg/kg) and AMPT (200 mg/kg) concomitantly, or p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA; 200 mg/kg) to ascertain the role of the noradrenergic and serotoninergic systems in the mode of action of the extract. Means were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Newman-Keuls' post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. In both FST and TST, the extract induced a decline in immobility, indicative of antidepressant-like effect. This diminution in immobility was reversed by pCPA, but not by reserpine and/or AMPT. The extract increased the swimming and climbing scores in the FST, suggestive of possible interaction with serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems. In the TST, the extract produced increases in both curling and swinging scores, suggestive of opioidergic monoaminergic activity, respectively. The present study has demonstrated the antidepressant potential of the aqueous leaf extract of K. integra is mediated possibly by a complex interplay between serotoninergic, opioidergic, and noradrenergic systems.

Metabolic response induced by endophytic fungi and bacteria in H. marrubioides Epling in vitro micro plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vitorino, Luciana Cristina; Silva, Fabiano Guimaraes, E-mail: fabianocefetrv@yahoo.com.br [Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia Goiano, Rio Verde, GO (Brazil); Lima, William Cardoso; Soares, Marcos Antonio [Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiaba, MT (Brazil). Dept. de Botanica e Ecologia; Pedroso, Rita Cassia Nascimento; Silva, Maroli Rodrigues; Dias, Herbert Junior; Crotti, Antonio Eduardo Miller; Silva, Marcio Luis Andrade e; Cunha, Wilson Roberto; Pauletti, Patricia Mendonca; Januario, Ana Helena [Universidade de Franca, SP (Brazil). Nucleo de Pesquisa em Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologicas

2013-10-01

Hyptis marrubioides Epling is a native plant from Brazilian Cerrado. In this paper, the response of in vitro micro plants of this species to inoculation with bacterial and fungal endophytic isolates is evaluated. HPLC-DAD analysis showed the presence of 3,4-O-(Z)-dicaffeoylquinic acid and quercetin-7-O-glucoside as the main components. GC/MS analysis demonstrated that the sesquiterpenes Greek-Small-Letter-Tau -cadinol and caryophyllene oxide were only produced in micro plants inoculated with endophytic bacteria, while methyl hexadecanoate, methyl heptadecanoate and methyl (Z,Z,Z) 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate and the triterpene methyl 3{beta}-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oate were over expressed only when the micro plant was treated with endophytic fungi. (author)

Revision of Bondariella Hustache & Bondar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with descriptions of the first species from the Amazon and notes on natural history.

Science.gov (United States)

Valente, Roberta De Melo; Cordeiro Júnior, Mariano Brandão

2015-09-15

Bondariella Hustache & Bondar, 1942 is revised. In addition to the redescription of the genus and its four previously known species, we report and describe the first species from the Amazonian region: Bondariella rudicula sp. nov. and Bondariella crenata sp. nov. We also provide a key to the species, illustrations and notes on natural history. All six species of Bondariella have been collected on palm flowers from Brazil, with the previously known species having only been recorded from species of Syagrus Mart. from the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes. The two new species have only been recorded from species of Euterpe Mart. from the Amazon biome. Future work may prove if the associations with Syagrus and Euterpe are specific to the biomes.

Imaginárno a pohled (Lacan, čtenář Merleau-Pontyho)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Fulka, Josef

2007-01-01

Roč. 55, č. 4 (2007), s. 537-551 ISSN 0015-1831 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90090514 Keywords : Psychoanalysis * Jacques Lacan * Maurice Merleau-Ponty * the imaginary Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion

Legislativa ČR v roce 2010 - analytický a komparativní pohled

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Novák, František

2011-01-01

Roč. 150, č. 12 (2011), s. 1202-1216 ISSN 0231-6625 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70680506 Keywords : legal informatics * the Czech Republic legislation * theory of law Subject RIV: AG - Legal Sciences

Legislativa ČR v roce 2009 - analytický a komparativní pohled

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Novák, František

2011-01-01

Roč. 150, č. 1 (2011), s. 53-67 ISSN 0231-6625 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70680506 Keywords : legal informatics * Czech Republic legislation * theory of law Subject RIV: AG - Legal Sciences

Plantas daninhas hospedeiras alternativas de Colletotrichum guaranicola em cultivos de guaraná no Estado do Amazonas Alternative host weeds of Colletotrichum guaranicola in guarana crops in the State Amazonas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L.J. Miléo

2007-12-01

Full Text Available As plantas daninhas reduzem a produção de sementes de guaraná e podem hospedar microrganismos patogênicos, tornando-se potenciais fontes de inóculo. Este trabalho identificou espécies de plantas daninhas colonizadas pelo fungo Colletotrichum guaranicola em cultivos de guaranazeiro em quatro municípios do Estado do Amazonas. As plantas daninhas foram identificadas e a presença do fungo foi verificada por meio de isolamentos feitos a partir de fragmentos de folhas lesionadas. As espécies colonizadas por C. guaranicola foram Bidens bipinnata, Chloris sp., Clidemia capitellata, Cyperus flavus, Elephantopus scaber, Euphorbia brasiliensis, Hemidiodia sp., Hyptis lantanifolia, Paspalum conjugatum, Physalis angulata e Synedrella nodiflora, as quais podem representar uma fonte de inóculo do patógeno, além das plantas de guaraná. A diversidade de plantas daninhas, em cultivos de guaranazeiro, reforça a importância de estabelecer práticas de manejo dessas plantas, principalmente em Maués, onde ocorreu maior colonização das espécies de plantas daninhas pelo fungo.Weed infestation may reduce grain guarana crops yield and host plant pathogens becoming potential inoculum sources. This research identified weed species colonized by the fungus Colletotrichum guaranicola in the guarana crop in four counties in the state of Amazon. The weeds were identified fungi presence was observed by isolation from leaf fragments of leaves injured by the fungi. The weed species colonized by Colletotrichum guaranicola were Bidens bipinnata, Chloris sp., Clidemia capitellata, Cyperus flavus, Elephantopus scaber, Euphorbia brasiliensis, Hemidiodia sp., Hyptis lantanifolia, Paspalum conjugatum, Physalis angulata and Synedrella nodiflora,that may represent a strong potential of plant pathogen inoculum, along with the guarana plants. Weed diversity in guarana crop shows the importance of establishing management practices to control these weeds, mainly in the Maues

Caracterização físico-química de méis produzidos no Estado do Piauí para diferentes floradas Physical and chemical characterization of honeys produced in the State of Piauí - Brazil

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Claudécia L. da Silva

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de se caracterizar físico-químicamente méis de Apis mellifera L. produzidos no Estado do Piauí, a partir de floradas típicas da região semi-árida do Nordeste brasileiro e, ao mesmo tempo, avaliar a qualidade desses produtos. Analisaram-se os méis produzidos a partir das floradas de marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus Müll. Arg., jitirana (Hyptis suaveolens, camaratuba (Cratylia mollis Mart. ex Benth, silvestre (Serjania glabrata e angico de bezerro (Piptadenia moniliformis, seguindo-se as metodologias recomendadas pelo Ministério da Agricultura e do Abastecimento, através de Instrução Normativa de outubro/2000. Foram realizadas as seguintes análises: umidade, hidroximetilfurfural (HMF, açúcares redutores, sacarose aparente, cinzas, acidez livre, sólidos insolúveis em água, atividade diastásica, ºBrix e pH. Os valores individuais de cada variável analisada, comparados com os padrões estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Agricultura e do Abastecimento, apresentaram resultados satisfatórios encontrando-se todos os méis analisados, dentro dos padrões exigidos na citada Instrução Normativa.The objective of this work was to evaluate the physical-chemical composition of honeys produced in the Piauí State, located in semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. The honeys produced from 'marmeleiro' (Croton sonderianus Müll. Arg., 'jitirana' (Hyptis suaveolens, 'camaratuba' (Cratylia mollis Mart. ex Benth, 'silvestre' (Serjania glabrata and 'angico de bezerro' (Piptadenia moniliformis, were analysed following the methods recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Normative Instruction of October 2000. the following analyses were performed: moisture, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, ash, free acidity, insoluble solids in water, diastatic activity, ºBrix and pH. The individual values of each analyzed parameter were compared with the standards established

Riqueza de formigas de solo na praia da Pedreira, Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Viamão, RS, Brasil Richness of ground-dwelling ants in the Praia da Pedreira, Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Viamão, RS, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena Diehl

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho são listadas as espécies de formigas de solo encontradas em três ambientes (mata nativa, barreira pedregosa e areias da orla na praia da Pedreira, localizada na Zona de Uso Intensivo do Parque Estadual de Itapuã, município de Viamão, RS. No total, foram identificadas 60 espécies representantes de 24 gêneros, 18 tribos e oito subfamílias (Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Heteroponerinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae e Pseudomyrmecinae. Dos três ambientes amostrados, de acordo com o estimador de riqueza jackknife de primeira ordem, a mata nativa apresentou a maior riqueza (Sest= 37,5, seguindo-se a barreira pedregosa (Sest= 8,9 e as areias da orla (Sest= 5,9. Apenas Acromyrmex laticeps, Crematogaster sp. e Solenopsis invicta foram comuns aos três ambientes. Neste trabalho é feito o primeiro registro de ocorrência de Pachycondyla crenata e Pachycondyla laevigata (Ponerinae para o Rio Grande do Sul.Aiming to improve the knowledge on the Brazilian biodiversity, especially the ant fauna of Rio Grande do Sul State (Southern Brazil, this survey was conducted in the Praia da Pedreira, a site of Intensive Use of the Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Ground-dwelling ant species were surveyed for three environments in the beach (native forest, rock bar and sand bar, during 12 months (April/2000 - March/2001. Collections resulted in 60 species belonging to 24 genera, 18 tribes and eight subfamilies (Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Heteroponerinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae and Pseudomyrmecinae. According to the first order jackknife estimator, the native forest area presented the greatest richness (Sest= 37.5, followed by rock bar (Sest= 8.9 and sand bar (Sest= 5.9. Only Acromyrmex laticeps, Crematogaster sp. and Solenopsis invicta were common to all three environments. This paper presents the first record of Pachycondyla crenata and Pachycondyla laevigata (Ponerinae occurrence in the Rio Grande do Sul

Ryecyanatines A and B and ryecarbonitrilines A and B, substituted cyanatophenol, cyanatobenzo[1,3]dioxole, and benzo[1,3]dioxolecarbonitriles from rye (Secale cereale L.) root exudates: Novel metabolites with allelopathic activity on Orobanche seed germination and radicle growth.

Science.gov (United States)

Cimmino, Alessio; Fernández-Aparicio, Mónica; Avolio, Fabiana; Yoneyama, Koichi; Rubiales, Diego; Evidente, Antonio

2015-01-01

Orobanche and Phelipanche species (the broomrapes) are root parasitic plants, some of which represent serious weed problems causing heavy yield losses on important crops. Current control relies on the use of certain agronomic practices, resistant crop varieties, and herbicides, albeit success has been marginal. Agronomic practices such as the use of allelopathic species in intercropping or cover crops, or the use of direct seedling over residues of allelopathic species incorporate the principle of allelopathy exerted by molecules exuded from roots or released by crop residues to control broomrapes. In addition, the isolation of natural substances from root exudates of plants with potential to inhibit broomrape development opens the door to the design of new herbicides based on natural and benign sources. Ryecyanatines A and B and ryecarbonitrilines A and B, the first new substituted cyanatophenol, substituted cyanatobenzo[1,3]dioxole, and the latter two new substituted benzo[1,3]dioxolecarbonitriles were isolated from rye (Secale cereale L.) root exudates. They were characterized as 4-cyanato-2-methoxyphenol, 2-cyanato-benzo[1,3]dioxole, 2-methoxybenzo[1,3]dioxole-5-carbonitrile and benzo[1,3]dioxole-2-carbonitrile by spectroscopic (essentially NMR and HRESI MS spectra) methods. These compounds were investigated for allelopathic activity on Orobanche germination and development. Ryecarbonitriline A induced germination of Orobanche cumana seeds, and this germination can be considered as suicidal because O. cumana does not parasite rye roots and cannot survive without host resources beyond germination stage. In addition, ryecyanatine A promotes a rapid cessation of O. cumana, Orobanche crenata and Orobanche minor radicle growth with the promotion of a layer of papillae at the radicle tip in O. cumana and O. crenata hampering the contact of the parasite to the host. Ryecarbonitriline B also displayed the same activity although being less active than ryecyanatine A and

The effect of essential oils of sweet fennel and pignut on mortality and learning in africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abramson, Charles I.; Michaluk, Lynnette M. [Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK (United States). Depts. of Psychology and Zoology. Lab. Comparative Psychology and Behavioral Biology]. E-mail: charles.abramson@okstate.edu; Wanderley, Paulo A.; Wanderley, Maria J.A.; Silva, Jose C.R. [Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Bananeiras, PB (Brazil). Dept. de Agricultura

2007-11-15

It was recently discovered that exposure to small concentrations of the essential oils of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) or pignut [Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit] can be used to control aphids. What is not known is whether these oils also influence honeybee behavior. Experiments using both harnessed and free-flying foragers at concentrations used to control aphids showed that bees readily associated the odors with a reward, discriminated between them, and were not repelled. Honeybees, however, would not consume the oils when mixed with sucrose to create an unconditioned stimulus. An experiment in which harnessed bees consumed various concentrations showed that concentrations greater than 50% were detrimental. The experiments reported here provide further evidence supporting the use of conditioning techniques to evaluate the use of essential oils on honey bee behavior. (author)

The effect of essential oils of sweet fennel and pignut on mortality and learning in africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abramson, Charles I.; Michaluk, Lynnette M.; Wanderley, Paulo A.; Wanderley, Maria J.A.; Silva, Jose C.R.

2007-01-01

It was recently discovered that exposure to small concentrations of the essential oils of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) or pignut [Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit] can be used to control aphids. What is not known is whether these oils also influence honeybee behavior. Experiments using both harnessed and free-flying foragers at concentrations used to control aphids showed that bees readily associated the odors with a reward, discriminated between them, and were not repelled. Honeybees, however, would not consume the oils when mixed with sucrose to create an unconditioned stimulus. An experiment in which harnessed bees consumed various concentrations showed that concentrations greater than 50% were detrimental. The experiments reported here provide further evidence supporting the use of conditioning techniques to evaluate the use of essential oils on honey bee behavior. (author)

Physical properties of wood-polymer composites prepared by an electron beam accelerator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoshizawa, S.; Handa, T.; Fukuoka, M.; Hashizume, Y.; Nakamura, T.

1981-01-01

The dual characteristics in the performance of polymers in wood-polymer composites systems have been pursued with regard to the resolution of mechanical anisotropy of wood and the improvement in dimensional stability. The objective of the present study is to pursue the polymerization mechanism in wood under electron beam irradiation and the temperature dependence of polymer-wood interactions induced at various levels of higher order structure of wood in order to understand the polymer performance. Veneers used in the study were of rotary-cut beech (Fagus crenata Blume) 0.65 mm thick. All samples were oven-dried in vacuo at 80 0 C for 30 hr. The monomers used in the study were methyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and unsaturated polyester. Experimental details are given. Results are given and discussed. (U.K.)

Culture and public centre Brno-damlake/Theme"Brno-city in the midle of the Europe"/

OpenAIRE

Říhová, Táňa

2013-01-01

V rámci diplomové práce je řešeno téma Brněnské přehrady a jejího efektivního využití. Samotným předmětem diplomové práce je kulturně-společenské centrum (dále jen centrum). Projekt sleduje široký urbanistický kontext a poskytuje nový pohled na provoz a využití této lokality. Obsahuje návrh koordinace pohybu a efektivního využití nejatraktivnějších ploch, které bezprostředně souvisí s vodní hladinou. Kulturně-společenské centrum je koncipováno jako součást krajiny. Navazuje a propojuje dvě úr...

Field diet of the grasshopper Abracris dilecta Walker (Orthoptera, Acrididae

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Carlos Frankl Sperber

1996-01-01

Full Text Available Abracris dilecta Walker, 1870 (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Ommatolampinae ate leafs of at least 14 plant species, in the families Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Malvales (Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae or Malvaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Verbenaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Rubiaceae and Melastomataccae. Elephantopus mollis H.B.K. (Asteraceae and Hyptis suaveolens Poit. (Lamiaceae comprised 50% of the diet. The diet breadth of A. dilecta was compared to that of other 11 grasshopper species of the same sub-family, with rarefaction curves. The number of plant species eaten by A. dilecta was greater than that of nine other grasshopper species of the same sub-family (Rhachicreagra spp. but was lower then two others (Microptylopteryx hebardi Rehn, 1905 and Rhachicreagra astytophallus Jago & Rowell, 1981. This results are discussed in view of the broad geographical range and possession of developed wings by A. dilecta, which contrasts with most Ommatolampinae grasshoppers.

Differences in crenate broomrape parasitism dynamics on three legume crops using a thermal time model

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Alejandro Pérez-De-Luque

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Root parasitic weeds are a major limiting production factor in a number of crops, and control is difficult. Genetic resistance and chemical control lead the fight, but without unequivocal success. Models that help to describe and even predict the evolution of parasitism underground are a valuable tool for herbicide applications, and even could help in breeding programs. Legumes are heavily affected by Orobanche crenata (crenate broomrape in the Mediterranean basin. This work presents a descriptive model based on thermal time and correlating growing day-degrees (GDD with the different developmental stages of the parasite. The model was developed in three different legume crops (faba bean, grass pea and lentil attacked by crenate broomrape. The developmental stages of the parasite strongly correlated with the GDD and differences were found depending on the host crop.

Proton radius, Darwin-Foldy term and radiative corrections

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jentschura, U.D.

2011-01-01

We discuss the role of the so-called Darwin-Foldy term in the evaluation of the proton and deuteron charge radii from atomic hydrogen spectroscopy and nuclear scattering data. The question of whether this term should be included or excluded from the nuclear radius has been controversially discussed in the literature. We attempt to clarify which literature values correspond to which conventions. A detailed discussion of the conventions appears useful because a recent experiment [R. Pohl et al., Nature 466, 213 (2010)] has indicated that there is a discrepancy between the proton charge radii inferred from ordinary ('electronic') atomic hydrogen and muonic hydrogen. We also investigate the role of quantum electrodynamic radiative corrections in the determination of nuclear radii from scattering data, and propose a definition of the nuclear self energy which is compatible with the subtraction of the radiative corrections in scattering experiments. (author)

Implementace algoritmů zpracování obrazového rastru v FPGA

OpenAIRE

Široký, Vít

2010-01-01

V této práci jde o nezvyklý pohled na implementaci grafických algoritmů v FPGA v kontextu počítačového vidění. Je zde možné najít informace o rastrovém obrazu a jeho zpracování, jeho segmentaci s využitím prahování a adaptitního prahování a také o platformách FPGA a DSP. Také je zde návrh konkrétní realize projektu v kameře Unicam2D a popis jiných možností realizace. Následuje popis implementovaných testů a demonstrace a diskuze jejich výsledků v závěru práce. This thesis is about unusal v...

Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of essential oils of plants from Burkina Faso.

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Bagora Bayala

Full Text Available This research highlights the chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of essential oils from leaves of Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum americanum, Hyptis spicigera, Lippia multiflora, Ageratum conyzoides, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Zingiber officinale. Essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Major constituents were α-terpineol (59.78% and β-caryophyllene (10.54% for Ocimum basilicum; 1, 8-cineol (31.22%, camphor (12.730%, α-pinene (6.87% and trans α-bergamotene (5.32% for Ocimum americanum; β-caryophyllene (21%, α-pinene (20.11%, sabinene (10.26%, β-pinene (9.22% and α-phellandrene (7.03% for Hyptis spicigera; p-cymene (25.27%, β-caryophyllene (12.70%, thymol (11.88, γ-terpinene (9.17% and thymyle acetate (7.64% for Lippia multiflora; precocene (82.10%for Ageratum conyzoides; eucalyptol (59.55%, α-pinene (9.17% and limonene (8.76% for Eucalyptus camaldulensis; arcurcumene (16.67%, camphene (12.70%, zingiberene (8.40%, β-bisabolene (7.83% and β-sesquiphellandrène (5.34% for Zingiber officinale. Antioxidant activities were examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS methods. O. basilicum and L. multiflora exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS tests, respectively. Anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated by measuring the inhibition of lipoxygenase activity and essential oil of Z. officinale was the most active. Anti-proliferative effect was assayed by the measurement of MTT on LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines, and SF-763 and SF-767 glioblastoma cell lines. Essential oils from A. conyzoides and L. multiflora were the most active on LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines, respectively. The SF-767 glioblastoma cell line was the most sensitive to O. basilicum and L. multiflora EOs while essential oil of A. conyzoides showed the

HOJAS DE CHAN (Hyptis suaveolens PARA EL CONTROL DE Sitophilus zeamais Y Zabrotes subfasciatus

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Modesto Armando G\\u00F3mez-Peralta

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Con el obje­tivo de evaluar el efecto de la hoja de chan sobre Sitophilus zeamais y Zabrotes subfasciatus en granos almacenados de maíz y fri­jol respectivamente, se estableció un ensayo en condiciones controladas en el año 2007, entre los meses de mayo a setiembre, en la ciudad de León, Nicaragua, a 129 msnm y una temperatura promedio de 29 °C. Se emplearon semillas de frijol de la variedad DOR 364 y semillas de maíz de la variedad NB - 6. Las hojas de chan del estrato medio de las plantas hacia el estrato superior y de tamaño similar, se colectaron antes de la floración se secaron por tres días en un secador solar y luego fueron pulverizadas. Las unidades experimentales consistieron de frascos de plástico de 172,2 g de capacidad, y dimensiones de 7,5 cm de diámetro por 8 cm de alto, a los que se adicionaron 100 g de maíz o 100 g de frijol. Los tratamientos consistieron en la adición del polvo de hoja seca de chan entre las semillas en seis dosis: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 y 25 gramos por 100 de semilla. Luego se adicionaron 20 adultos seleccionados al azar y sin sexar. Las variables medidas en frijol y maíz fueron: número de insectos muertos; número de granos picados; número de adultos mergidos de los granos y peso del los granos. El polvo de las hojas de chan sólo tuvo efecto en la mortalidad de S. zeamays.

Metodika RUP a testování

OpenAIRE

Randová, Libuše

2008-01-01

Bakalářská práce se zabývá testováním z pohledu metodiky Rational Unified Process. Cílem práce je seznámit čtenáře s vývojem softwaru podle metodiky RUP a s úlohou, kterou v tomto procesu hraje testování. V úvodní části teoretické části je poskytnut pohled na historii metodiky RUP a popis šesti klíčových principů, které v nedávné době nahradily předchozích šest nejlepších praktik. Další kapitola je věnována popisu jednotlivých fází vývoje softwaru. V této části jsou rovněž zmíněny další disci...

Návrh ochrany před bleskem pro rodinný dům

OpenAIRE

Tesař, Luděk

2012-01-01

Tato práce popisuje pravidla návrhu ochrany před bleskem pro objekty občanské výstavby. Cílem této práce je poskytnout ucelený pohled na základní pravidla návrhu ochrany před bleskem. Samotnému návrhu předchází podrobnější seznámení s poměrně rozsáhlou problematikou v této oblasti. Úvodní část práce je zaměřena na přiblížení požadavků platných technických norem a legislativy. V druhé kapitole se práce zabývá bleskem obecně, dále bleskovým proudem a jeho parametry. Následující část je zaměřena...

Modely rekuperace kinetické energie vozidel

OpenAIRE

Fic, Miloslav

2011-01-01

Bakalářská práce se zabývá rozborem dosavadního poznání v oblasti modelů rekuperace kinetické energie motorových vozidel. Tento rozbor je zaměřen na modely hydraulických rekuperačních systémů. V této práci jsou představeny přístupy vybraných autorů, matematické vztahy a programové prostředky zaměřené na modelování těchto systémů. V neposlední řadě jsou tyto přístupy zhodnoceny a na závěr je nastíněn možný budoucí vývoj ve výzkumu hydraulických rekuperačních systémů. Tato práce nabízí pohled d...

The dynamics of diffracted rays in foams

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tufaile, A., E-mail: tufaile@usp.br; Tufaile, A.P.B.

2015-12-18

We have studied some aspects of the optics of the light scattering in foams. This paper describes the difference between rays and diffracted rays from the point of view of geometrical theory of diffraction. We have represented some bifurcations of light rays using dynamical systems. Based on our observations of foams, we created a solid optical device. The interference patterns of light scattering in foams forming Airy fringes were explored observing the pattern named as the eye of Horus. In the cases we examine, these Airy fringes are associated with light scattering in curved surfaces, while the halo formation is related to the law of edge diffraction. We are proposing a Pohl interferometer using a three-sided bubble/Plateau border system. - Highlights: • We obtained halos scattering light in foams. • We model the light scattering in foams using the geometrical theory of diffraction. • We examine the difference between rays and the diffracted rays. • We developed optical devices for diffracted rays.

Biomimetics for architecture & design nature, analogies, technology

CERN Document Server

Pohl, Göran

2015-01-01

This book provides the readers with a timely guide to the application of biomimetic principles in architecture and engineering design. As a result of a combined effort by two internationally recognized authorities, the biologist Werner Nachtigall and the architect Göran Pohl, the book describes the principles which can be used to compare nature and technology, and at the same time it presents detailed explanations and examples showing how biology can be used as a source of inspiration and “translated” in building and architectural solutions (biomimicry). Even though nature cannot be directly copied, the living world can provide architects and engineers with a wealth of analogues and inspirations for their own creative designs. But how can analysis of natural entities give rise to advanced and sustainable design? By reporting on the latest bionic design methods and using extensive artwork, the book guides readers through the field of nature-inspired architecture, offering an extraordinary resource for pro...

Mosquito repellent activity of essential oils of aromatic plants growing in Argentina.

Science.gov (United States)

Gillij, Y G; Gleiser, R M; Zygadlo, J A

2008-05-01

Mosquitoes are important vectors of diseases and nuisance pests. Repellents minimize contact with mosquitoes. Repellents based on essential oils (EO) are being developed as an alternative to DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-methylbenzamide), an effective compound that has disadvantages including toxic reactions, and damage to plastic and synthetic fabric. This work evaluated the repellency against Aedes aegypti of EO from aromatic plants that grow in Argentina: Acantholippia seriphioides, Achyrocline satureioides, Aloysia citriodora, Anemia tomentosa, Baccharis spartioides, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Eucalyptus saligna, Hyptis mutabilis, Minthostachys mollis, Rosmarinus officinalis, Tagetes minuta and Tagetes pusilla. Most EO were effective. Variations depending on geographic origin of the plant were detected. At a 90% EO concentration, A. satureoides and T. pusilla were the least repellent. At concentrations of 12.5% B. spartioides, R. officinalis and A. citriodora showed the longest repellency times. Comparisons of the principal components of each EO suggest that limonene and camphor were the main components responsible for the repellent effects.

Faktoring – jedna z hlavních forem financování malých a středních podniků

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Müllerová Libuše

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Faktoring představuje službu, kterou poskytují specializované faktoringové společnosti svým klientům v souvislosti s postoupením nebo se správou pohledávek. Ve své podstatě se jedná o určitý způsob úvěrování, využívaný zejména malými a středními podniky. V praxi existuje několik forem faktoringu v závislosti na tom, do jaké míry přechází na faktora vlastnictví pohledávek a rizika jejich nesplacení. Podle toho se pak faktoringové transakce promítají do účetnictví faktora i klienta. Vzhledem k tomu, že tato služba ani její formy není upravená žádným právním předpisem, postupují faktoringové společnosti často tak, že podmínky ve smlouvách – z důvodu daňových – často zakrývají svojí formou skutečný stav. Uvedený příspěvek základní formy faktoringu vymezuje, popisuje jejich správné účtování včetně daňových dopadů. Factoring is a service, which is offered by specialized factoring agencies to their clients in case of transfer (sale or governance of receivables. In fact, it represents a specific mode of crediting which is mostly preferred by small and medium enterprises. In practices of factoring several forms are differentiated depending on scale of property and risk transfer to the factor. According to these circumstances the factoring transactions are recognized by the factor and the client. The factoring services are not so far regulated by any legal provision. For this reason factoring agencies are proceeding in such a way, that contract conditions – because of tax considerations – hide by their form the substance. The paper describes the factoring forms and interprets their correct recognition on accounting, including tax consequences.

Potencial de espécies utilizadas como adubo verde no manejo integrado de plantas daninhas Potential of species used as green manure in the integrated weed management

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E.A.L. Erasmo

2004-09-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho foi conduzido na Estação Experimental da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi-TO, Brasil. O experimento foi instalado com o objetivo de avaliar durante 60 dias, em campo, a interferência de oito espécies utilizadas freqüentemente como adubos verdes (Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna pruriens, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus cajan, Pennisetum americanum e Sorghum bicolor, híbrido BR304 sobre a comunidade infestante. As espécies de plantas daninhas mais freqüentes na área do experimento foram: Digitaria horizontalis, Hyptis lophanta e Amaranthus spinosus. Foram realizadas amostragens aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a formação da cobertura, utilizando um quadrado de amostragem equivalente a 0,25 m². As plantas daninhas foram devidamente identificadas, coletadas, secas e pesadas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado e constou de nove tratamentos, com quatro repetições cada. Verificou-se que as espécies C. spectabilis, S. bicolor, C. ochroleuca, M. aterrima e M. pruriens reduziram significativamente o número e o peso da matéria seca da população das plantas daninhas avaliadas (D. horizontalis, H. lophanta e A. Spinosus, principalmente as duas últimas, enquanto P. americanum mostrou-se a menos eficiente nesse aspecto.This work was carried out at the Experimental Station of the University of Tocantins, Gurupi-TO, Brazil, to evaluate the interference of eight species frequently used as green manure (Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna pruriens, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Crotalaria spectabilis, Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus cajan, Pennisetum americanum and Sorghum bicolor, hybrid BR304 in the weed community, for sixty days under field conditions. The most frequent weed species in the experimental area were Digitaria horizontalis, Hyptis lophanta and Amaranthus spinosus. Samplings were made at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after formation of green manure covering, using

Unexpected presence of Fagus orientalis complex in Italy as inferred from 45,000-year-old DNA pollen samples from Venice lagoon.

Science.gov (United States)

Paffetti, Donatella; Vettori, Cristina; Caramelli, David; Vernesi, Cristiano; Lari, Martina; Paganelli, Arturo; Paule, Ladislav; Giannini, Raffaello

2007-08-16

Phylogeographic analyses on the Western Euroasiatic Fagus taxa (F. orientalis, F. sylvatica, F. taurica and F. moesiaca) is available, however, the subdivision of Fagus spp. is unresolved and there is no consensus on the phylogeny and on the identification (both with morphological than molecular markers) of Fagus Eurasiatic taxa. For the first time molecular analyses of ancient pollen, dated at least 45,000 years ago, were used in combination with the phylogeny analysis on current species, to identify the Fagus spp. present during the Last Interglacial period in Italy. In this work we aim at testing if the trnL-trnF chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) region, that has been previously proved efficient in discriminating different Quercus taxa, can be employed in distinguishing the Fagus species and in identifying the ancient pollen. 86 populations from 4 Western Euroasistic taxa were sampled, and sequenced for the trnL-trnF region to verify the efficiency of this cpDNA region in identifying the Fagus spp.. Furthermore, Fagus crenata (2 populations), Fagus grandifolia (2 populations), Fagus japonica, Fagus hayatae, Quercus species and Castanea species were analysed to better resolve the phylogenetic inference. Our results show that this cpDNA region harbour some informative sites that allow to infer relationships among the species within the Fagaceae family. In particular, few specific and fixed mutations were able to discriminate and identify all the different Fagus species. Considering a short fragment of 176 base pairs within the trnL intron, 2 transversions were found able in distinguishing the F. orientalis complex taxa (F. orientalis, F. taurica and F. moesiaca) from the remaining Fagus spp. (F. sylvatica, F. japonica, F. hayataea, F. crenata and F. grandifolia). This permits to analyse this fragment also in ancient samples, where DNA is usually highly degraded. The sequences data indicate that the DNA recovered from ancient pollen belongs to the F. orientalis complex since

Medicinal plants from the Yanesha (Peru): evaluation of the leishmanicidal and antimalarial activity of selected extracts.

Science.gov (United States)

Valadeau, Céline; Pabon, Adriana; Deharo, Eric; Albán-Castillo, Joaquina; Estevez, Yannick; Lores, Fransis Augusto; Rojas, Rosario; Gamboa, Dionicia; Sauvain, Michel; Castillo, Denis; Bourdy, Geneviève

2009-06-25

Ninety-four ethanolic extracts of plants used medicinally by the Yanesha, an Amazonian Peruvian ethnic group, for affections related to leishmaniasis and malaria were screened in vitro against Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes and against a Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistant strain. The viability of Leishmania amazonensis amastigote stages was assessed by the reduction of tetrazolium salt (MTT) while the impact on Plasmodium falciparum was determined by measuring the incorporation of radio-labelled hypoxanthine. Six plant species displayed good activity against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistant strain (IC(50) Piper aduncum L. and Piper sp.) and the leaves of Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don (Bignoniaceae). Eight species displayed interesting leishmanicidal activities (IC50 < 10 microg/ml): Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae), Piper dennisii Trel (Piperaceae), Hedychium coronarium J. König (Zingiberaceae), Cestrum racemosum Ruiz & Pav. (Solanaceae), Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Zingiberaceae, Lantana sp. (Verbenaceae), Hyptis lacustris A. St.-Hil. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) and Calea montana Klat. (Asteraceae). Most of them are used against skin affections by Yanesha people. Results are discussed herein, according to the traditional use of the plants and compared with data obtained from the literature.

Screening of Venezuelan medicinal plant extracts for cytostatic and cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines.

Science.gov (United States)

Taylor, Peter; Arsenak, Miriam; Abad, María Jesús; Fernández, Angel; Milano, Balentina; Gonto, Reina; Ruiz, Marie-Christine; Fraile, Silvia; Taylor, Sofía; Estrada, Omar; Michelangeli, Fabian

2013-04-01

There are estimated to be more than 20,000 species of plants in Venezuela, of which more than 1500 are used for medicinal purposes by indigenous and local communities. Only a relatively small proportion of these have been evaluated in terms of their potential as antitumor agents. In this study, we screened 308 extracts from 102 species for cytostatic and cytotoxic activity against a panel of six tumor cell lines using a 24-h sulphorhodamine B assay. Extracts from Clavija lancifolia, Hamelia patens, Piper san-vicentense, Physalis cordata, Jacaranda copaia, Heliotropium indicum, and Annona squamosa were the most cytotoxic, whereas other extracts from Calotropis gigantea, Hyptis dilatata, Chromolaena odorata, Siparuna guianensis, Jacaranda obtusifolia, Tapirira guianensis, Xylopia aromatica, Protium heptaphyllum, and Piper arboreum showed the greatest cytostatic activity. These results confirm previous reports on the cytotoxic activities of the above-mentioned plants as well as prompting further studies on others such as C. lancifolia and H. dilatata that have not been so extensively studied. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Antioxidant Potential of Selected Korean Edible Plant Extracts

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Yaejin Woo

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of various plant extracts. A total of 94 kinds of edible plant extracts obtained from the Korea Plant Extract Bank were screened for cytotoxicity, following which the total phenolic content of 24 shortlisted extracts was determined. Of these, extracts from three plants, namely, Castanea crenata (CC leaf, Camellia japonica (CJ fruit, and Viburnum dilatatum (VD leaf, were examined for antioxidant capabilities by measuring radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing/antioxidant power, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. In addition, cellular antioxidant activities of the three extracts were assessed by a cell-based dichlorofluorescein assay and antioxidant response element (ARE reporter activity assay. The results demonstrated that all three extracts concentration-dependently scavenged free radicals, inhibited lipid peroxidation, reduced the cellular level of reactive oxygen species, and increased ARE-luciferase activity, indicating antioxidant enzyme-inducing potential. In particular, CJ extract showed significantly greater antioxidative activity and antimigratory effect in a breast cancer cell line compared to CC and VD extracts. Hence, CJ extract deserves further study for its in vivo functionality or biologically active constituents.

Participatory Selection of Tree Species for Agroforestry on Sloping Land in North Korea

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Jun He

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The action research project reported in this article used a participatory approach to select trees for sloping-land agroforestry as a key strategy for forest ecosystem restoration and local livelihood development. It was the first such project in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea to use a participatory approach, empowering local user groups to develop their preferences for agroforestry species. Local knowledge of the multiple functions of agroforestry species ensured that the tree selection criteria included the value of timber, fruit, fodder, oil, medicines, fuelwood, and erosion control. Involving 67 farmers from 3 counties, this participatory selection process resulted in Prunus armeniaca, Castanea crenata, and Ziziphus jujuba being selected as the top 3 species for the development of sloping-land agroforestry in North Hwanghae Province. These trees embody what the region’s farmers value most: erosion control, production of fruit, and economic value. The participatory approach in agroforestry could help to meet both local needs for food security and the national objective of environmental conservation and has great potential for wide adaptation in North Korea and beyond.

Kraft cooking of gamma irradiated wood, (1)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inaba, Masamitsu; Meshitsuka, Gyosuke; Nakano, Junzo

1979-01-01

Studies have been made of kraft cooking of gamma irradiated wood. Beech (Fagus crenata Blume) wood meal suspended in aqueous alkaline alcohol was irradiated up to 1.5 KGy (0.15 Mrad) with gamma rays from a Co-60 source in the presence or absence of oxygen. The irradiated wood meals were washed thoroughly with fresh water, air dried and cooked under the ordinary cooking conditions. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Pre-irradiation in aqueous alkali have negligible effect on kraft cooking. (2) In the case of ethanol addition (50 g/l), pre-irradiation in vacuo shows acceleration of delignification and stabilization of carbohydrates during kraft cooking. Cooked yield gain by pre-irradiation was about 1.2% in all over the range of delignification from 80 to 90%. Aqueous ethanol without alkali also shows positive but smaller effect than that with alkali. (3) Propanol, iso-propanol and butanol show positive but smaller effects than ethanol. However, methanol does not show any positive effect. (4) Irradiation in the presence of oxygen does not show any attractive effect on kraft cooking. (author)

Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals the Impact of Repetitive DNA Across Phylogenetically Closely Related Genomes of Orobanchaceae

Science.gov (United States)

Piednoël, Mathieu; Aberer, Andre J.; Schneeweiss, Gerald M.; Macas, Jiri; Novak, Petr; Gundlach, Heidrun; Temsch, Eva M.; Renner, Susanne S.

2013-01-01

We used next-generation sequencing to characterize the genomes of nine species of Orobanchaceae of known phylogenetic relationships, different life forms, and including a polyploid species. The study species are the autotrophic, nonparasitic Lindenbergia philippensis, the hemiparasitic Schwalbea americana, and seven nonphotosynthetic parasitic species of Orobanche (Orobanche crenata, Orobanche cumana, Orobanche gracilis (tetraploid), and Orobanche pancicii) and Phelipanche (Phelipanche lavandulacea, Phelipanche purpurea, and Phelipanche ramosa). Ty3/Gypsy elements comprise 1.93%–28.34% of the nine genomes and Ty1/Copia elements comprise 8.09%–22.83%. When compared with L. philippensis and S. americana, the nonphotosynthetic species contain higher proportions of repetitive DNA sequences, perhaps reflecting relaxed selection on genome size in parasitic organisms. Among the parasitic species, those in the genus Orobanche have smaller genomes but higher proportions of repetitive DNA than those in Phelipanche, mostly due to a diversification of repeats and an accumulation of Ty3/Gypsy elements. Genome downsizing in the tetraploid O. gracilis probably led to sequence loss across most repeat types. PMID:22723303

Kraft cooking of gamma irradiated wood, (1). Effect of alcohol additives on pre-irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Inaba, M; Meshitsuka, G; Nakano, J [Tokyo Univ. (Japan). Faculty of Agriculture

1979-12-01

Studies have been made of kraft cooking of gamma irradiated wood. Beech (Fagus crenata Blume) wood meal suspended in aqueous alkaline alcohol was irradiated up to 1.5 KGy (0.15 Mrad) with gamma rays from a Co-60 source in the presence or absence of oxygen. The irradiated wood meals were washed thoroughly with fresh water, air dried and cooked under the ordinary cooking conditions. The results are summarized as follows: (1) Pre-irradiation in aqueous alkali have negligible effect on kraft cooking. (2) In the case of ethanol addition (50 g/l), pre-irradiation in vacuo shows acceleration of delignification and stabilization of carbohydrates during kraft cooking. Cooked yield gain by pre-irradiation was about 1.2 in all, over the range of delignification from 80 to 90%. Aqueous ethanol without alkali also shows positive but smaller effect than that with alkali. (3) Propanol, iso-propanol and butanol show positive but smaller effects than ethanol. However, methanol does not show any positive effect. (4) Irradiation in the presence of oxygen does not show any attractive effect on kraft cooking.

Rozvodovost v České republice: transversální a longitudinální pohled

OpenAIRE

Hubálovská, Nikola

2016-01-01

Divorce rate in Czech Republic: cross-sectional and cohort view Abstract The bachelor thesis deals with trends of divorce rate in the Czech Republic after the World War II up to the present. In the theoretical part it focuses on the legislative changes affecting divorce rate during the period under study and on the population structure according to marital status. Furthermore, it describes divorce rate development on the territory of the Czech Republic using demographic indicators measuring d...

Anti-mitotic activity towards sea urchin eggs of dichloromethane fraction obtained from Allamanda schottii Pohl (Apocynaceae

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Louisa M. A. Sousa

Full Text Available Allamanda (Apocynaceae is a genus of climbing shrubs known for producing compounds with a range of biological activities. Previous works have shown the anti-proliferative effect of the ethanolic extract of Allamanda schottii on leukemic cells. The present work was conducted to evaluate the effects of dichloromethane fraction, obtained from Allamanda schottii, on sea urchin Echinometra lucunter eggs, as a multicellular model for evaluating anti-tumor activity. Our results show an inhibition of sea urchin development in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of dichloromethane fraction. The IC50 values for first and third cleavage and blastulae stage were 103.7 µg/mL, 33.1 µg/mL and 10.2 µg/mL, respectively. These results also demonstrate the cumulative effect of this fraction on sea urchin embryos. In the present work, the expressive anti-mitotic activity of dichloromethane fraction towards sea urchin eggs, a multicellular model, reinforces the anti-tumor potential of the Allamanda schotti.

Pohled do Wundtovy laboratoře - 130. výročí založení

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vobořil, Dalibor; Květon, Petr; Jelínek, Martin

2009-01-01

Roč. 53, č. 6 (2009), s. 645-651 ISSN 0009-062X Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70250504 Keywords : history of psychology * laboratory * W. Wundt Subject RIV: AN - Psychology Impact factor: 0.226, year: 2009

Gamma radiation use to avoid enzymatic browning of cassava root (Manihot utilissima Pohl) in natura, peeled

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Costa Neto, Pedro Ramos da

1997-01-01

Cassava root was treated with gamma radiation at doses of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kGy to avoid enzymatic browning. The irradiated samples were kept for 9 days at room temperature and evaluated for color and sensorial analysis. Two days after harvest, the control sample showed black spots and alterations of organoleptic characteristics. The irradiated sample with 2 to 6 kGy showed good appearance and acceptability. However, after 9 days of storage, the control and the irradiated (2 to 6 kGy) samples were not safe to eat, only the irradiated cassava with doses of 8 and 10 kGy did not show enzymatic browning and kept the good sensorial characteristics. (author)

Medicinal plants used by Burundian traditional healers for the treatment of microbial diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

Ngezahayo, Jérémie; Havyarimana, François; Hari, Léonard; Stévigny, Caroline; Duez, Pierre

2015-09-15

Infectious diseases represent a serious and worldwide public health problem. They lead to high mortality, especially in non-developed countries. In Burundi, the most frequent infectious diseases are skin and respiratory (mainly in children) infections, diarrhea, added to malaria, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Local population used mostly traditional herbal medicines, sometimes animal and mineral substances, to fight against these plagues. To survey in different markets and herbal shops in Bujumbura city, medicinal plants sold to treat microbial infections, with particular emphasis on the different practices of traditional healers (THs) regarding plant parts used, methods of preparation and administration, dosage and treatment duration. The ethnobotanical survey was conducted by interviewing, using a pre-set questionnaire, sixty representative healers, belonging to different associations of THs approved and recognised by the Ministry of Health. Each interviewed herbalist also participated in the collection of samples and the determination of the common names of plants. The plausibility of recorded uses has been verified through an extensive literature search. Our informants enabled us to collect 155 different plant species, distributed in 51 families and 139 genera. The most represented families were Asteraceae (20 genera and 25 species), Fabaceae (14 genera and 16 species), Lamiaceae (12 genera and 15 species), Rubiaceae (9 genera and 9 species), Solanaceae (6 genera and 6 species) and Euphorbiaceae (5 genera and 6 families). These plants have been cited to treat 25 different alleged symptoms of microbial diseases through 271 multi-herbal recipes (MUHRs) and 60 mono-herbal recipes (MOHRs). Platostoma rotundifolium (Briq.) A. J. Paton (Lamiaceae), the most cited species, has been reported in the composition of 41 MUHRs, followed by Virectaria major (Schum.) Verdc (Rubiaceae, 39 recipes), Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw. (Crassulaceae, 37 recipes), Stomatanthes

LEVANTAMENTO FITOSSOCIOLÓGICO EM ÁREA DE CAATINGA NO MONUMENTO NATURAL GROTA DO ANGICO, SERGIPE, BRASIL

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RAPHAEL CAVALCANTI FERRAZ

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The Caatinga is a vegetation that occurs exclusively in Brazil, typically in the Northeastern region and studies on the floristic composition and phytosociological are prerequisites for understanding the behavior, distribution and structure of the vegetation. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a phytosociological survey of an area approximately 191 hectares of Caatinga, located within of the Unity Conservation area Grota do Angico Natural Monument, Sergipe state, Brazil. To conduct this study, we used the method of fixed area and the process of systematic sampling, where all individuals included in the 30 plots that showed CAP (circumference at breast height greater than 6 cm were measured. In total of the survey, we identified 24 species in 20 genres and 12 families. The families with the higher number of species were Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae e Anacardicaceae. Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul. L. P. Queiroz, Jatropha mollissima (Pohl. Baill., Bauhinia cheilantha, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell. Brenan. and Mimosa tenuiflora were the most representative species for the phytosociological indices (density, cover, frequency and important value index. The basal area at the study site was 6,95 m2 ha-1 and the volume 28,42 m3 ha-1.

7 July 2011 - Members of the Swiss Federal Council (front row) in front of the Globe of Science and Innovation.

CERN Multimedia

Maximilien Brice

2011-01-01

CERN-HI-1107166 01 1er rang: La chancelière Corina Casanova, le conseiller fédéral Johann N. Schneider-Ammann, le conseiller fédéral Ueli Maurer, la conseillère fédérale Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, la conseillère fédérale Simonetta Sommaruga, la Présidente de la Confédération Micheline Calmy-Rey, le Directeur général du CERN Rolf Heuer, la conseillère fédérale Doris Leuthard, le conseiller fédéral Didier Burkhalter. 2è rang: Le vice-chancelier André Simonazzi , le vice-chancelier Thomas Helbling, la chef des relations internationales Felicitas Pauss, le directeur de la recherche et du calcul scientifique Sergio Bertolucci. 3è rang: Les scientifiques suisses: Ulrich Straumann (LHCb, Zürich et délégué suisse au Conseil du CERN), Rainer Wallny (CMS, ETHZ), Günther Dissertori (CMS, ETHZ), Antonio Ereditato (ATLAS, Bern), Tatsuya Nakada (LHCb, EPFL), Olivier Schneider (LHCb, EPFL), Martin Pohl (ATLAS, Genève), Vincenzo Chiochia (CM, Zürich), Giuseppe Iacobucci (ATLAS, Genève), le C...

The potential of a dielectrophoresis activated cell sorter (DACS) as a next generation cell sorter

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Dongkyu; Hwang, Bohyun; Kim, Byungkyu

2016-12-01

Originally introduced by H. A. Pohl in 1951, dielectrophoretic (DEP) force has been used as a striking tool for biological particle manipulation (or separation) for the last few decades. In particular, dielectrophoresis activated cell sorters (DACSes) have been developed for applications in various biomedical fields. These applications include cell replacement therapy, drug screening and medical diagnostics. Since a DACS does not require a specific bio-marker, it is able to function as a biological particle sorting tool with numerous configurations for various cells [e.g. red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), circulating tumor cells, leukemia cells, breast cancer cells, bacterial cells, yeast cells and sperm cells]. This article explores current DACS capabilities worldwide, and it also looks at recent developments intended to overcome particular limitations. First, the basic theories are reviewed. Then, representative DACSes based on DEP trapping, traveling wave DEP systems, DEP field-flow fractionation and DEP barriers are introduced, and the strong and weak points of each DACS are discussed. Finally, for the purposes of commercialization, prerequisites regarding throughput, efficiency and recovery rates are discussed in detail through comparisons with commercial cell sorters (e.g. fluorescent activated and magnetic activated cell sorters).

Factors affecting degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) during pre-flotation conditioning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caparanga, Alvin R.; Basilia, Blessie A.; Dagbay, Kevin B.; Salvacion, Jonathan W.L.

2009-01-01

In general, plastics are exposed to different degrading agents in every procedure involved in their recovery from waste mixture and from subsequent recycling. In this study, two methods of pre-flotation conditioning were used to determine how these methods affect the general properties of the pre-conditioned PET particles to be recovered from the PET-PVC mixture. The first method comprised the conditioning of PET samples using an alkaline solution of nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100) based on the patent by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. The second method, developed in this study, was a conditioning process which used an alkali-less solution of the same nonionic surfactant (Triton X-100) used in the first method. The following analytical methods were used to characterize properties of the pre-conditioned PET samples that were correlated to relative degradation of the samples: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), for thermal behavior of the samples; FT-IR spectroscopy, for functional groups present in the samples; and, Pohl's method, for carboxyl end-group concentration count. Results show that in addition to water the presence of NaOH in the conditioning solution contributes to the further degradation of the polymer.

Inhibition of aflatoxin B production of Aspergillus flavus, isolated from soybean seeds by certain natural plant products.

Science.gov (United States)

Krishnamurthy, Y L; Shashikala, J

2006-11-01

The inhibitory effect of cowdung fumes, Captan, leaf powder of Withania somnifera, Hyptis suaveolens, Eucalyptus citriodora, peel powder of Citrus sinensis, Citrus medica and Punica granatum, neem cake and pongamia cake and spore suspension of Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus niger on aflatoxin B(1) production by toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus isolated from soybean seeds was investigated. Soybean seed was treated with different natural products and fungicide captan and was inoculated with toxigenic strain of A. flavus and incubated for different periods. The results showed that all the treatments were effective in controlling aflatoxin B(1) production. Captan, neem cake, spore suspension of T. harzianum, A. niger and combination of both reduced the level of aflatoxin B(1) to a great extent. Leaf powder of W. somnifera, H. suaveolens, peel powder of C. sinensis, C. medica and pongamia cake also controlled the aflatoxin B(1) production. All the natural product treatments applied were significantly effective in inhibiting aflatoxin B(1) production on soybean seeds by A. flavus. These natural plant products may successfully replace chemical fungicides and provide an alternative method to protect soybean and other agricultural commodities from aflatoxin B(1) production by A. flavus.

Competitive Exclusion of Parthenium hysterophorus by Other Invasive Species - A Case Study from Andhra Pradesh, India

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J. Asha kumari

2010-06-01

Full Text Available The abundance, dominance and growth performance of Parthenium hysterophorus in relation to its field associates in extensively large areas was investigated. The preliminary analysis of the data revealed that P. hysterophorus is a weak or poor competitor and hence it fails to grow in the company of any aggressive species. Senna uniflora and a few other plants were identified for the control of this pernicious weed. The ability of other species to control P. hysterophorus was attributed to allelopathy. In order to understand how Hyptis suaveolens and Senna uniflora are capable of arresting the growth of P. hysterophorus, pot culture experiments in de Wit replacement series, field experiments in experimental plots and experimental manipulation of the competitive species under natural conditions during different seasons were carried out for two years in 2004 and 2005. The results clearly revealed that both H. suaveolens and S. uniflora were highly effective in the management of P. hysterophorus. The results further showed that the physical dominance and the ability of the competitive species to deprive P. hysterophorus of light are mainly responsible for the decline of P. hysterophorus. Allelopathy doesn't seem to play any effective role under natural conditions.

Spatio-temporal change in forest cover and carbon storage considering actual and potential forest cover in South Korea.

Science.gov (United States)

Nam, Kijun; Lee, Woo-Kyun; Kim, Moonil; Kwak, Doo-Ahn; Byun, Woo-Hyuk; Yu, Hangnan; Kwak, Hanbin; Kwon, Taesung; Sung, Joohan; Chung, Dong-Jun; Lee, Seung-Ho

2015-07-01

This study analyzes change in carbon storage by applying forest growth models and final cutting age to actual and potential forest cover for six major tree species in South Korea. Using National Forest Inventory data, the growth models were developed to estimate mean diameter at breast height, tree height, and number of trees for Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Larix kaempferi, Castanea crenata and Quercus spp. stands. We assumed that actual forest cover in a forest type map will change into potential forest covers according to the Hydrological and Thermal Analogy Groups model. When actual forest cover reaches the final cutting age, forest volume and carbon storage are estimated by changed forest cover and its growth model. Forest volume between 2010 and 2110 would increase from 126.73 to 157.33 m(3) hm(-2). Our results also show that forest cover, volume, and carbon storage could abruptly change by 2060. This is attributed to the fact that most forests are presumed to reach final cutting age. To avoid such dramatic change, a regeneration and yield control scheme should be prepared and implemented in a way that ensures balance in forest practice and yield.

Chemical fingerprinting applied to the evaluation of marine oil pollution in the coasts of Canary Islands (Spain).

Science.gov (United States)

Peña-Méndez, E M; Astorga-España, M S; García-Montelongo, F J

2001-01-01

Chemical fingerprinting approach to environmental assessment is illustrated in the evaluation of marine oil pollution in the coasts using two limpet species as bioindicator organisms, and based on profiles and concentrations of n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons in their tissues. Accidental and chronic releases of hydrocarbons can contaminate the marine environment of the Canary Islands not only because of their geographical situation but also because of the very dense tanker traffic around. This situation affects coastal areas, fishing activities, tourism resort, etc. Concentrations of n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and methyl-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in the soft tissues of the marine intertidal and subtidal limpets, Patella crenata and Patella ullysiponensis aspera, were evaluated. Limpet samples were collected at monthly intervals, at three locations on the southeast coast of Tenerife over a 3-year period (1991-93). Levels of hydrocarbons found in limpets are similar to concentrations found in unpolluted areas around the world. From application of principal component analysis, the interpretation of variable loading plots gives information on variable correlation and can be used to distinguish among potential sources of pollution and the ability of studied molluscs to be used as bioindicator organisms.

Chemical fingerprinting applied to the evaluation of marine oil pollution in the coasts of Canary Islands (Spain)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pena-Mendez, E.Ma.; Garcia-Montelongo, F.J.; Astorga-Espana, Ma.S.

2001-01-01

Chemical fingerprinting approach to environmental assessment is illustrated in the evaluation of marine oil pollution in the coasts using two limpet species as bioindicator organisms, and based on profiles and concentrations of n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons in their tissues. Accidental and chronic releases of hydrocarbons can contaminate the marine environment of the Canary Islands not only because of their geographical situation but also because of the very dense tank traffic around. This situation affects coastal areas, fishing activities, tourism resort, etc. Concentrations of n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and methyl-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in the soft tissues of the marine intertidal and subtidal limpets, Patella crenata and Patella ullysiponensis aspera, were evaluated. Limpet samples were collected at monthly intervals, at three locations on the southeast coast of Tenerife over a 3-year period (1991-93). Levels of hydrocarbons found in limpets are similar to concentrations found in unpolluted areas around the world. From application of principal component analysis, the interpretation of variable loading plots gives information on variable correlation and can be used to distinguish among potential sources of pollution and the ability of studied molluscs to be used as bioindicator organisms. (Author)

Diversity and evolution of Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy retroelements in the non-photosynthetic flowering plants Orobanche and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae).

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Jeong-Mi; Schneeweiss, Gerald M; Weiss-Schneeweiss, Hanna

2007-01-31

We present the first study on the diversity and evolution of Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy retroelements in a group of non-photosynthetic flowering plants. To this end partial sequences of the reverse transcriptase (rt) gene were obtained from 20 clones for each retroelement type from seven and six accessions of Orobanche and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae), respectively. Overall sequence similarity is higher in Ty3-gypsy elements than in Ty1-copia elements in agreement with the results from other angiosperm groups. Higher sequence diversity and stronger phylogenetic structure, especially of Ty1-copia sequences, in Orobanche species compared to Phelipanche species support the previously suggested hypothesis (based on karyological and cytological data) that genomes of Orobanche species are more dynamic than those of Phelipanche species. No evidence was found for intraspecific differences of retroelement diversity nor for differences between pest taxa and their putative wild relatives, e.g., O. crenata and O. owerini. The occurrence of a few sequences from Phelipanche species in clades otherwise comprising sequences from Orobanche species might be due to horizontal gene transfer, but the alternative of vertical transmission cannot be rejected unambiguously.

FY 1998 annual report on the geothermal development promotion survey. Report on landscape survey; 1998 nendo chinetsu kaihatsu sokushin chosa hokokusho. Shizen kankyo chosa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-03-01

Described herein are results of the natural environment surveys, carried out in the Shitanotai Region in Yuzawa City, Akita Pref., where Geothermal Development Promotion Survey C is scheduled. On-the-spot surveys, conducted from June to November, covered 3 items of landscape, vegetation and animals. The Shimonotai Region has a number of ponds and swamps, some of which are used as fields for Brasenia shreberi, and wet shield plant communities in places reflecting these environments. The zoological survey results show that moderate to dry deciduous forests of Japanese beeches (Fagus crenata) and Mongolian oaks (Quercus mongolica var. grossesserrata) in this region provide sound habitats for large mammalian wild animals, e.g., moon bears (Selenarctos thibetanus). For birds, there are some areas extracted indicating high possibility of being inhabited by honey buzzards (Pernis ptilorhyncus), which are listed as a near threatened species by the Environment Agency. Geologically, traces of landslide occurrence in the past have been detected widely, indicating need for more detailed investigation for land stability. These surveys have extracted several areas whose natural environments and landscapes are damaged relatively little by geothermal development. (NEDO)

Falling in love with minerals terra mineralia - a journey to the most beautiful minerals of the world

Science.gov (United States)

Anna, D.

2013-12-01

Is it possible to make people fall in love with minerals? Yes, it is. And it happens daily at terra mineralia, a permanent exhibition displaying a collection of 3500 rare and beautiful minerals, precious stones and meteorites in Freiberg/Saxony. The exhibits are part of one of the world's largest private collections of minerals and have been given to the TU Bergakademie Freiberg on permanent loan by Dr. Erika Pohl-Ströher. The exquisite pieces stem from sites on every continent, and as such, allow the visitor to virtually journey around the world to the world's most beautiful minerals - an amazing and unexpected experience. The specimen are so unique in quality and aesthetical appearance that scientists and private collectors from all over the world are overwhelmed by their display. However, the exhibition is less targeted towards the specialist or collector. Due to the close ties of the terra mineralia to its parent organization, the TU Bergakademie Freiberg, which is one of the leading universities dedicated to the geo-sciences, it has been primarily designed to attract young visitors, school children and students. It is the expressed goal of the University and Dr. Erika Pohl-Ströher to give young people the opportunity to discover the fascinating aspects natural sciences have to offer. Therefore, the efforts of the museums educational service focus on raising awareness and enticing the young 'scientists' to be. Why not continue a live of learning where the interest in natural sciences had been nurtured in first place - at the TU Bergakademie in Freiberg, for example with studies in the fields of mineralogy, geology or mining? And while you are at it, come back to terra mineralia as a student to help form and train the next generation of young talents. So, does it work? Yes, even if it is still too early to see the young enrolled in the University. What we already see, is a tremendous amount of positive feed back from the young, their parents and educators

Diversidade arbórea das florestas alto montanas no Sul da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil Tree diversity of high montane forests in Southern Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Haroldo Feitosa do Nascimento

2010-09-01

Full Text Available A região do extremo Sul da Chapada Diamantina abriga as maiores altitudes do Nordeste brasileiro. Situam-se nessas serras as maiores elevações da região Nordeste, entre elas, o Pico do Barbado (2.033 m.s.n.m.. Dois dos rios mais importantes da Bahia nascem nestas serras: o Rio de Contas e o Rio Paramirim. A região é bem conhecida botanicamente, porém, este foi o primeiro inventário quantitativo realizado enfocando as formações florestais. Comparou-se a composição florística de 12 fragmentos de floresta montana, entre 1.350 e 1.750 m.s.n.m., tendo sido amostrados os indivíduos com PAP> 8 cm. Registrou-se a presença de 116 espécies em 84 gêneros de 48 famílias. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Myrtaceae (N=20 e Lauraceae (N=10. Os gêneros com maior número de espécies foram Ocotea (N=7, Myrcia (N=5, Eugenia (N=4 e Miconia (N=4. A maioria das espécies apresentou padrão de distribuição amplo, mas foram encontradas espécies comuns a formações florestais de altitude do Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, como Drimys brasiliensis Miers (Winteraceae e Weinmannia paulliniifolia Pohl (Cunnoniacae. A flora dos fragmentos estudados compartilha baixo número de espécies com as formações estacionais deciduais do entorno da Chapada Diamantina, indicando que estas florestas são únicas e merecem atenção especial, para sua conservação.The southernmost region of Chapada Diamantina, nearest to Rio de Contas harbours the highest peaks of the Brazilian northeastern region, including Pico do Barbado (2,033 m.a.s.l. and the source of the two important rivers in Bahia state (Rio de Contas and Rio Paramirim. The region is well known botanically. This was the first quantitative study to survey the floristic composition of 12 fragments of montane forests (1,350 m.a.s.l. to 1750 m.a.s.l. including trees > 8 cbh. A total of 117 species, 84 genera and 48 families were found. The richest families were Myrtaceae (N=20 and Lauraceae (N

Levantamento da infestação de plantas daninhas associada a uma pastagem cultivada de baixa produtividade no Nordeste Paraense Survey of weeds associated to cultivated low yield pastures in the northern region of Pará, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M.S. Modesto Júnior

2001-04-01

Full Text Available A região do trópico úmido amazônico ocupa 350 milhões de hectares, constituindo a maior área de fronteira agrícola do planeta. A pecuária como exploração do uso da terra é a principal forma de ocupação e de desmatamento na região, apesar da baixa produtividade e das conseqüências ambientais. O declínio da produtividade da pastagem está associado, entre outras, ao manejo inadequado e à elevada infestação de plantas daninhas herbáceas e arbustivas, anuais ou perenes, geralmente denominadas "juquira" na região. Se essas plantas não forem controladas adequadamente, podem levar à degradação da pastagem, resultando na completa perda de produtividade e no posterior abandono da área. Com o objetivo de identificar as plantas daninhas mais importantes que ocorrem em área de pastagem de baixa produtividade no município de Terra Alta, PA (0º 58" S e 47º 52" W. Gr., foi efetuado um levantamento florístico em 0,33 ha de área cultivada com capim-quicuio-da-amazônia (Brachiaria humidicola. Foram registrados 4.700 indivíduos, distribuídos em 17 famílias botânicas, representadas por 36 espécies vegetais. Destacaram-se as famílias Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae e Solanaceae, sendo encontrado em cada uma delas cinco, cinco, quatro, três e três espécies, respectivamente. As plantas daninhas consideradas de maior importância na comunidade vegetal foram: Borreria verticillata, Hyptis atrorubens, Rolandra argentea, Desmodium canum, Panicum pilosum, Davilla rugosa, Imperata brasiliensis, Paspalum maritimum, Vernonia scorpioides e Vismia guianensis.Pasture for raising cattle has been the major land use in the Amazon region of Brazil. This agricultural practice has caused environmental disturbances associated with deforestation and burning. After five or six years of intensive pasture, the land undergoes degradation due to poor management and high weed infestation. A survey was carried out to identify the main weeds

Mikroskopie skenující sondou - slepecká hůl pro pohled do nitra nanosvěta

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hájková, Zdeňka; Bauerová, Pavla; Fejfar, Antonín; Pientka, Zbyněk

2016-01-01

Roč. 25, č. 3 (2016), s. 123-130 ISSN 1210-3349 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA14-15357S; GA MŠk(CZ) LM2011026 Grant - others:OPPK(XE) CZ.2.16/3.1.00/24504 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 ; RVO:61389013 Keywords : scanning probe microscopy * atomic force microscopy * scanning tunneling microscopy * models * analogies * education Subject RIV: AM - Education ; CD - Macromolecular Chemistry (UMCH-V)

What is good sport: Plato's view Co je to dobrý sport: Platónův pohled

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Jernej Pisk

2006-02-01

Full Text Available One of Plato's most common questions found in his dialogues is "What is something?" By asking this question Plato usually brought his co-speakers to the recognition that in fact they do not have a full comprehension of what something is, although they have a partial comprehension of it. The awareness of one's incomplete cognition is the first step to be made on the philosophic way to truth. As in ancient times also today Plato asks us – the modern philosophers of sport – "What is sport?" or more precisely "What is good sport?" Probably the best of Plato's answers to this question can be found in the basic concepts of his philosophy regarding his hierarchical division of the state and human soul into three parts. Since sport is derived from human being also the goodness of sport can be divided into three stages. The lowest stage of sport corresponds to the first part of the soul – the appetite soul. On this stage sport is based on the gaining of material goods through prizes won at competitions. In the philosophic view, this is the lowest possible stage of goodness of sport. The second stage of sport corresponds to the second part of the soul – the emotional soul. Sport at this stage is based on the elementary ancient agon, which seeks fulfilment in the winning of honour and glory. The greatest and the most superior is the third part of the soul – the reasonable soul. According to this, also the sport corresponding to the third part of the soul is the best. For this kind of sport it is no longer necessary to compete with other contestants, since it can achieve it's fulfilment in perfect execution of movement or exercise, in which the perfect cooperation between reason (soul and body is attained. At this stage of sport it is the most important to compete and win over one's self, and this can be achieved by everyone, without regard to his/her physical abilities in comparison with others. In Plato's view, good sport is the sport directed toward the fulfillment of self, all the way to the ideal – the idea itself. And only sport like that can bring true contentment to the human – the reasonable being. With this sport is essentially intervening in the sphere of philosophical cognition. The goodness of sport is no more determined by physical dimensions of space and time, but indeed, as Plato shows, the true good sport goes beyond these borders. In this manner sport goes beyond the physical world and touches the everlasting and unchangeable world of ideas. And the world of ideas is for Plato tópos where the very truth reveals itself. So, sport could be a useful means for the philosophical investigation of humans and the world. Jednou z nejobvyklejších Platónových otázek, které nacházíme v jeho dialozích, je "Co je něco?" Touto otázkou většinou Platón přiměl své protějšky k uznání, že ve skutečnosti úplně nerozumí tomu, co je čím, přestože částečně tomu rozumí. Uvědomění si svého neúplného chápání je prvním krokem na filosofické cestě k pravdě. Stejně jako ve starověku se dnes Platón táže i nás – moderní filosofy sportu – "Co je to sport?" nebo lépe "Co je to dobrý sport?" Pravděpodobně nejlepší Platónovu odpověď na tuto otázku lze nalézt v základních konceptech jeho filosofie týkající se hierarchického rozdělení státu a lidské duše do tří úrovní. Vzhledem k tomu, že sport je odvozen od člověka, může být také prospěšnost sportu rozdělena do tří úrovní. Nejnižší úroveň sportu odpovídá první části duše – žádostivé duši. Na této úrovni je sport založen na získávání materiálních statků v podobě cen na soutěžích. Z filosofického hlediska je to nejnižší možnou úrovní prospěšnosti sportu. Druhá úroveň sportu odpovídá druhé části duše – emocionální duši. Sport je na této úrovni založen na elementárním starověkém agónu, který se snaží dojít naplnění ziskem cti a slávy. Nejdůležitější a nejvyšší je třetí část duše – rozumná duše. V souladu s tím je také sport odpovídající této třetí části duše tím nejlepším. U tohoto druhu sportu už není nezbytné zápasit s jinými soupeři, protože může dojít svého naplnění v dokonalém provádění pohybu nebo cvičení, při nichž se dosahuje dokonalé spolupráce mezi rozumem (duší a tělem. Na této úrovni sportu je nejdůležitější soupeřit a přemáhat sama sebe a toho může docílit každý, bez ohledu na jeho fyzické schopnosti ve srovnání s ostatními. Z Platónova hlediska je dobrým sportem sport zaměřený na naplnění sebe sama, a to až k ideálu – samotné ideji. A pouze takový sport může přinášet člověku – myslící bytosti – uspokojení. Tímto sport zásadně zasahuje do oblasti filosofického poznání. Prospěšnost sportu už není určována fyzikálními rozměry prostoru a času, nýbrž, jak ukazuje Platón, skutečně dobrý sport tyto hranice překračuje. Tímto způsobem sport přesahuje fyzický svět a dotýká se věčného a neměnného světa idejí. A svět idejí je pro Platóna tópos, ve kterém se zjevuje skutečná pravda. Sport by tedy mohl být užitečným prostředkem filosofického zkoumání člověka a světa.

Holocene history of Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl in the Czech Republic. Implications for species population dynamics and palaeoecology

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pokorný, Petr; Sádlo, Jiří; Bernardová, A.

2010-01-01

Roč. 50, č. 1 (2010), s. 65-76 ISSN 0001-6594 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAAX00020701; GA AV ČR IAAX00050801 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80020508; CEZ:AV0Z60050516 Keywords : pollen analysis * plant macrofossils * extinctions Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour http://www.botany.pl/pubs-pdf/Acta%20Palaeobotanica/2010/Ac501_s65-76.pdf

Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen-I. Verification and update of theoretical predictions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jentschura, U.D.

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → The QED theory of muonic hydrogen energy levels is verified and updated. → Previously obtained results of Pachucki and Borie are confirmed. → The influence of the vacuum polarization potential onto the Bethe logarithm is calculated nonperturbatively. → A model-independent estimate of the Zemach moment correction is given. → Parametrically, the observed discrepancy of theory and experiment is shown to be substantial and large. - Abstract: In view of the recently observed discrepancy of theory and experiment for muonic hydrogen [R. Pohl et al., Nature 466 (2010) 213], we reexamine the theory on which the quantum electrodynamic (QED) predictions are based. In particular, we update the theory of the 2P-2S Lamb shift, by calculating the self-energy of the bound muon in the full Coulomb + vacuum polarization (Uehling) potential. We also investigate the relativistic two-body corrections to the vacuum polarization shift, and we analyze the influence of the shape of the nuclear charge distribution on the proton radius determination. The uncertainty associated with the third Zemach moment 3 > 2 in the determination of the proton radius from the measurement is estimated. An updated theoretical prediction for the 2S-2P transition is given.

Intelligent and efficient use of renewable energy sources in Saxonia and Czech Republic. Technical, economic and legal aspects; Intelligenter und effizienter Einsatz von (er)neu(erbar)en Energien in Sachsen und Tschechien. Technische, wirtschaftliche und rechtliche Aspekte

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gramlich, Ludwig; Orantek, Kerstin (eds.)

2011-07-01

Within the meeting in Oberwiesenthal (Federal Republic of Germany) between 30th September and 02nd October, 2011, the following lectures were held: (a) Utilization of renewable energy sources in Czech Republic (Martin Neruda); (b) Scenarios of energy and ecology development in the next 20 years (Behumir Stedron); (c) Climatic protection and emission trading (Rainer Wolf); (d) Nuclear energy - suicide mission or glimmer of hope (Michael Hietschold); (e) Energetic questions in areas near to the area (Martin Maslaton); (f) Climatic protection and renewable energy sources in the Vogtland district - State of the art and problems (Tobias Pohl); (g) Complex reconstruction of plate buildings - economic and energetic potential (Jan Antonin); (h) Ecologic forms of traffic and their preferential treatment in metropolises (Jana Halirova); (i) Utilization of renewable energy sources in air traffic (Rosina Kasica); (j) Smart Metering - on the way to an economical technology? (Uwe Goetze); (k) Integration of an enhanced number of electric vehicles in the low voltage network (Jens Teuscher); (l) Intelligent electric cars and the concept of green energy (Zdenek Votruba); (m) Smart grids under the conditions of Czech Republic (Petr Marecek); (n) Possibilities of utilization of nuclear power plants as a source for a central heat supply of neighbouring agglomerations - with focus on Czech Republic (Tomas Kralik).

Efficacy of extracts from plants of the Brazilian Pantanal against Rhipicephalus (Boophilusmicroplus

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Larissa Bezerra dos Santos

Full Text Available This research evaluated the in vitro acaricidal activity of extracts from 21 plant species from the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. During stage I, a larval immersion test was performed using three extract concentrations (5%, 20%, and 40%. During stage II, we used only plants that showed over 95% efficiency at the 40% concentration in stage I in an amount sufficient for the adult immersion test. Aeschynomene denticulata, Angelonia hirta, Aspilia latissima, Caperonia castaneifolia, Centratherum punctatum, Crotalaria micans, Diodia kuntzei, Echinodorus paniculatus, Hyptis mutabilis, Lantana canescens, Melanthera latifolia, Ocotea diospyrifolia, Richardia grandiflora, Sebastiana hispida, Tocoyena formosa, Zanthoxylum rigidum, and Sesbania virgata (fruit extract showed acaricidal activity against the larval stage ofRhipicephalus (Boophilusmicroplus higher than 95% at a 40% (w/v concentration, while Hippocratea volubilis and Randia armatashowed moderate efficacy and Croton glandulosus andSenna obtusifolia had no effect. The M. latifolia, A. hirta, R. grandiflora, and A. latissima raw extracts were evaluated for their activity against adults, and only A. hirta showed an efficacy close to 90%. Eighteen extracts had an efficacy of up to 95% against larvae at a 40% concentration, seven extracts were effective at 20%, and only one (Sebastiana hispida was effective at a 5% concentration.

Estructura, dimensiones y producción de semilla de malezas del trópico húmedo

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Juan Calder\\u00F3n

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Estructura, dimensiones y producción de propágulos sexuales de malezas del trópico húmedo. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar las dimensiones promedio, describir la estructura externa de las semillas, frutos o espiguillas y estimar el número producido por planta y por gramo, de doce especies de malezas. Se elaboraron esquemas de los propágulos. En las dicotiledóneas estudiadas, el número promedio de semillas por planta varió de 1290 en Asclepias curassavica hasta 195008 en Ludwigia sp. La segunda especie con más elevado número promedio de semillas por planta fue Sida rhombifolia (7962 seguida por Ipomoea sp.(2876. Hyptis capitata mostró mayor número promedio de cabezuelas por planta (341 que Bidens pilosa (106 y que Emilia sonchifolia (61. Mimosa pudica produjo un promedio de 3.3 semillas por fruto. En las Poaceae, Paspalum conjugatum y P. Virgatum produjeron mayor número de espiguillas por rama floral (381 y 1185 respectivamente que Ischaemum indicum (81 y que Rottboellia cochinchinensis (14. Se menciona la anemocoria, la hidrocoria y la zoocoria como mecanismos que contribuyen en la dispersión de estas especies

The Strigolactone Germination Stimulants of the Plant-Parasitic Striga and Orobanche spp. Are Derived from the Carotenoid Pathway1

Science.gov (United States)

Matusova, Radoslava; Rani, Kumkum; Verstappen, Francel W.A.; Franssen, Maurice C.R.; Beale, Michael H.; Bouwmeester, Harro J.

2005-01-01

The seeds of parasitic plants of the genera Striga and Orobanche will only germinate after induction by a chemical signal exuded from the roots of their host. Up to now, several of these germination stimulants have been isolated and identified in the root exudates of a series of host plants of both Orobanche and Striga spp. In most cases, the compounds were shown to be isoprenoid and belong to one chemical class, collectively called the strigolactones, and suggested by many authors to be sesquiterpene lactones. However, this classification was never proven; hence, the biosynthetic pathways of the germination stimulants are unknown. We have used carotenoid mutants of maize (Zea mays) and inhibitors of isoprenoid pathways on maize, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and assessed the effects on the root exudate-induced germination of Striga hermonthica and Orobanche crenata. Here, we show that for these three host and two parasitic plant species, the strigolactone germination stimulants are derived from the carotenoid pathway. Furthermore, we hypothesize how the germination stimulants are formed. We also discuss this finding as an explanation for some phenomena that have been observed for the host-parasitic plant interaction, such as the effect of mycorrhiza on S. hermonthica infestation. PMID:16183851

The strigolactone germination stimulants of the plant-parasitic Striga and Orobanche spp. are derived from the carotenoid pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Matusova, Radoslava; Rani, Kumkum; Verstappen, Francel W A; Franssen, Maurice C R; Beale, Michael H; Bouwmeester, Harro J

2005-10-01

The seeds of parasitic plants of the genera Striga and Orobanche will only germinate after induction by a chemical signal exuded from the roots of their host. Up to now, several of these germination stimulants have been isolated and identified in the root exudates of a series of host plants of both Orobanche and Striga spp. In most cases, the compounds were shown to be isoprenoid and belong to one chemical class, collectively called the strigolactones, and suggested by many authors to be sesquiterpene lactones. However, this classification was never proven; hence, the biosynthetic pathways of the germination stimulants are unknown. We have used carotenoid mutants of maize (Zea mays) and inhibitors of isoprenoid pathways on maize, cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and assessed the effects on the root exudate-induced germination of Striga hermonthica and Orobanche crenata. Here, we show that for these three host and two parasitic plant species, the strigolactone germination stimulants are derived from the carotenoid pathway. Furthermore, we hypothesize how the germination stimulants are formed. We also discuss this finding as an explanation for some phenomena that have been observed for the host-parasitic plant interaction, such as the effect of mycorrhiza on S. hermonthica infestation.

Taxonomic study on Japanese Salvia (Lamiaceae): Phylogenetic position of S. akiensis, and polyphyletic nature of S. lutescens var. intermedia.

Science.gov (United States)

Takano, Atsuko

2017-01-01

Both Salvia akiensis and S. lutescens (Lamiaceae) are endemic to Japan. Salvia akiensis was recently described in 2014 in the Chugoku (= SW Honshu) region, and each four varieties of S. lutescens distributed allopatrically. Among varieties in S. lutescens , var. intermedia show a disjunctive distribution in the Kanto (=E Honshu) and Kinki (= W Honshu) regions. Recent field studies of S. lutescens var. intermedia revealed several morphological differences between the Kanto and Kinki populations. Here, I evaluated these differences among Salvia lutescens var. intermedia and its allies with morphological analysis and molecular phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA (internal and external transcribed spacer regions) and plastid DNA ( ycf1-rps15 spacer, rbcL , and trnL-F ) sequences. Both morphological analysis and molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that S. lutescens var. intermedia from the Kinki region and var. lutescens were closely related to each other. However, var. intermedia from the Kanto region exhibited an association with S. lutescens var. crenata and var. stolonifera, which also grew in eastern Japan, rather than var. intermedia in the Kinki region. These results indicated that S. lutescens var. intermedia is not a taxon with a disjunctive distribution, but a combination of two or more allopatric taxa. Present study also suggested that S. akiensis was most closely related to S. omerocalyx .

Polymerization of impregnated monomer in wood by microwave irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kawase, Kaoru; Hayakawa, Kiyoshi

1976-01-01

The manufacturing of a wood-plastic combination (WPC) by irradiation of microwave (2,450 and 915 +- 50 MHz) or gamma-ray was carried out. After the impregnation of dry woods (Hinoki: Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl., Buna: Acer mono Maxim., and Kaede: Fagus crenata Blume) with the mixture of the vinyl monomers and chemical reagents, the monomer in wood was polymerized by irradiation. In case of polymerization with microwave (2,450 MHz) the effect of oxygen was not recognized, but in the case of gamma-ray the rate of polymerization remarkably decreased in the presence of oxygen. The polymerization of various monomers was carried out also in the air, and the conversions of styrene, methyl-, ethyl-, n-propyl-, and n-butyl-methacrylate were 51.8 -- 89.1%, but that of vinyl acetate was lower (4.3 -- 8.2%). The conversion of monomers with irradiation of 915 MHz microwave was very low (2.6 -- 33.5%). The conversion of monomers increased when toluylene diisocyanate was added in the monomers. The percentage of extraction with hot benzene of WPC (chip) decreased by the addition of toluylene diisocyanate. It was concluded from C.H.N. analyses that the reaction took place among the wood, toluylene diisocyanate and methyl methacrylate. (auth.)

Strigolactone analogs derived from ketones using a working model for germination stimulants as a blueprint.

Science.gov (United States)

Mwakaboko, Alinanuswe S; Zwanenburg, Binne

2011-04-01

Strigolactones are important signaling compounds in the plant kingdom. Here we focus on their germination stimulatory effect on seeds of the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche spp. and more particularly on the design and synthesis of new active strigolactone analogs derived from simple cyclic ketones. New analogs derived from 1-indanone, 1-tetralone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and a series of substituted cyclohexanones (including carvone and pulegone) are prepared by formylation of the ketones with ethyl formate followed by coupling with a halo butenolide. Both enantiomers of the analog derived from 1-tetralone have been prepared by employing a homochiral synthon for the coupling reaction. For three other strigolactone analogs the antipodes have been obtained by chromatography on a chiral column. All analogs have an appreciable germinating activity towards seeds of Striga hermomonthica and Orobanche crenata and O. cernua. Stereoisomers having the same configuration at the D-ring as in naturally occurring strigol have a higher stimulatory effect than the corresponding antipodes. The analogs obtained from 1-indanone and 1-tetralone have an activity comparable with that of the well known stimulant GR 24. Analogs derived from 2-phenyl-cylohexanone, carvone and pulegone also have a good germinating response. The results show that the working model for designing new bioactive strigolactones is applicable.

Specific leaf mass, fresh: dry weight ratio, sugar and protein contents in species of Lamiaceae from different light environments

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M Castrillo

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Samples from eleven species of Lamiaceae were collected from different light environments in Venezuela for laboratory analysis.The studied species were: Plectranthus scutellarioides (Ps, Scutellaria purpurascens (Sp, Hyptis pectinata (Hp, H. sinuata (Hs, Leonorus japonicus (Lj, Plecthranthus amboinicus (Pa Ocimum basilicum (Ocb, O.campechianum (Occ Origanum majorana (Orm, Rosmarinus officinali ,(Ro and Salvia officinalis (So. Protein and soluble sugar contents per unit of area were measured, Specific Leaf Mass (SLMand fresh: dry weight (FW/DW ratios were calculated. The higher values for soluble sugars contents were present in sun species: Lj, Pa, Ocb, Occ, Or. m, Ro and So; the lower values were obtained in low light species: Ps, Sp, Hp, Hs. The values of protein content do not show any clear trend or difference between sun and shade environments. The lowest values for the fresh weight: dry weight ratio are observed in sun species with the exception of Lj and Pa, while the highest value is observed in Pa, a succulent plant. The higher values of specific leaf mass (SLM(Kg DMm-2 are observed in sun plants. The two way ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences among species and between sun and low light environments for sugar content and FW: DW ratio, while SLM was significant for environments but no significant for species, and not significant for protein for both species and environments. The soluble sugar content, FW: DW ratio and SLM values obtained in this work, show a clear separation between sun and shade plants. The sugar content and FW:DW ratio are distinctive within the species,and the light environment affected sugar content, FW:DW ratio and SLM. These species may be shade-tolerant and able to survive in sunny environments. Perhaps these species originated in shaded environments and have been adapting to sunny habitats.Rev.Biol.Trop.53(1-2:23-28.Epub 2005 Jun 24En once especies de la familia Lamiaceae: Plecthranthus

Způsoby zajištění a vymáhání pohledávek

OpenAIRE

PRACHAŘOVÁ, Iveta

2014-01-01

The title of this thesis is called The methods of security and exaction of receivables. This is a large and very complex area of business. Properly chosen method of security receivable can save a company a lot of time and money. The second objective is to describe how to exact the receivables.

Pohled na učitelské role prostřednictvím tematických koláží

OpenAIRE

KRNINSKÝ, Luboš

2012-01-01

The work deals with motivation and emotions in connection with the teacher profession. The theoretical part provides knowledge of different approaches to motivation and emotions, and about the connection of this issue with the teacher profession. In relation to the teacher emotions there are also discussed the burden and stress in their profession. The practical part of the paper examines the above mentioned at eight elementary and lower secondary school teachers by using semi-structured inte...

K otázce tzv. akuzativního se v češtině: pohled (nejen) diachronní

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Pergler, Jiří

2016-01-01

Roč. 77, č. 2 (2016), s. 102-122 ISSN 0037-7031 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA15-00987S Institutional support: RVO:68378092 Keywords : reflexive form * pronoun * morpheme * particle * categorization * diachrony * grammaticalization * Old Czech Subject RIV: AI - Linguistics Impact factor: 0.625, year: 2016

Hanswurst před branami Tróje. Pohled na dramatické dílo Johanna Christiana Aloise Mickla

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Förster, Josef

2014-01-01

Roč. 25, č. 2 (2014), s. 18-39 ISSN 0862-5409 Institutional support: RVO:67985955 Keywords : hauptaktions * professional touring companies * Jan Christian Alois Mickl * Jesuit playwriting of the 1st half of 18th century Subject RIV: AJ - Letters, Mass-media, Audiovision

Upright in the storm of time. The physicist James Franck 1882-1964; Aufrecht im Sturm der Zeit. Der Physiker James Franck 1882-1964

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lemmerich, J.

2007-07-01

For the 125th birth day of James Franck in the year 2007 for the first time a scientific biography is presented. Born in Hamburg Franck dedicated himself to the exploration of the atom. Together with Gustav Hertz he succeeded in exciting of bound electrons by collision, whereby the atomic model of Bohr was confirmed. For this both got the Nobel price for the year 1925. Starting from 1921 Franck founded together with Max Born and Robert Pohl the world-wide reputation of Goettingen as a center of physical research. 1933 Franck resigned because of protest against the antisemitic policy of the Nazis and imigrated to the USA. There he dedicated himself to the exploration of the foundation of the photosynthesis. To the request to contribute the the construction of the atomic bomb the Hitler opponent not denied, but wrote after the German capitulation the Franck report in May 1945, in which he described impressively the arguments against the application of the bomb and warned for a nuclear armament race. Although he was because of the great crime of the Nazi regime very critical against the Germans soon after the war he stood up - very to the indignation of his friend Einstein - for the reconcilement and visited Germany and his friends there still several times. 1964 he died at a visit in Goettingen.

Upright in the storm of time. The physicist James Franck 1882-1964

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lemmerich, J.

2007-01-01

For the 125th birth day of James Franck in the year 2007 for the first time a scientific biography is presented. Born in Hamburg Franck dedicated himself to the exploration of the atom. Together with Gustav Hertz he succeeded in exciting of bound electrons by collision, whereby the atomic model of Bohr was confirmed. For this both got the Nobel price for the year 1925. Starting from 1921 Franck founded together with Max Born and Robert Pohl the world-wide reputation of Goettingen as a center of physical research. 1933 Franck resigned because of protest against the antisemitic policy of the Nazis and imigrated to the USA. There he dedicated himself to the exploration of the foundation of the photosynthesis. To the request to contribute the the construction of the atomic bomb the Hitler opponent not denied, but wrote after the German capitulation the Franck report in May 1945, in which he described impressively the arguments against the application of the bomb and warned for a nuclear armament race. Although he was because of the great crime of the Nazi regime very critical against the Germans soon after the war he stood up - very to the indignation of his friend Einstein - for the reconcilement and visited Germany and his friends there still several times. 1964 he died at a visit in Goettingen

Activity of the Antioxidant Defense System in a Typical Bioinsecticide-and Synthetic Insecticide-treated Cowpea Storage Beetle F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae

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Ayodele O. Kolawole

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense systems play a major role in detoxification of pro-oxidant endobiotics and xenobiotics. The possible involvement of beetle non-enzymatic [α-tocopherol, glutathione (GSH, and ascorbic acid] and enzymatic [catalase (CAT, superoxide dismutase (SOD, peroxidase (POX, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO] antioxidant defense system on the insecticidal activity of synthetic insecticides (cypermethrin, 2,2-dicholorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, and λ-cyhalothrin and ethanolic plant extracts of Tithonia diversifolia, Cyperus rotundus, Hyptis suaveolens leaves , and Jatropha Curcas seeds was investigated. 2,2-Dicholorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP; 200 ppm, LC 50 = 13.24 ppm and T. diversifolia (20,000 ppm resulted in 100% beetle mortality at 96-hour post-treatment. The post-treatments significantly increased the beetle α-tocopherol and GSH contents. Activities of CAT, SOD, POX, and PPO were modulated by the synthetic insecticides and bioinsecticides to diminish the adverse effect of the chemical stresses. Quantitative and qualitative allelochemical compositions of bioinsecticides and chemical structure of synthetic insecticides possibly account and for modulation of their respective enzyme activities. Altogether, oxidative stress was enormous enough to cause maladaptation in insects. This study established that oxidative imbalance created could be the molecular basis of the efficacy of both insecticides and bio-insecticides. Two, there was development of functional but inadequate antioxidant defense mechanism in the beetle.

[Repellent activity of plant essential oils against bites of Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae)].

Science.gov (United States)

Nieves, Elsa; Fernández Méndez, Janett; Lias, José; Rondón, Maritza; Briceño, Benito

2010-12-01

Natural repellents from plant extracts have demonstrated good efficacy against bites of some insect species. The present study evaluated the repellent effect of essential oils extracted from 8 plants species against bites of Lutzomyia migonei, the Leishmania vector. The essential oils were extracted by steam destillation in Clevenger chamber, from the following plants: Hyptis suaveolens, Pimenta racemosa, Piper marginatum, Monticalia imbricatifolia, Pseudognaphalium caeruleocanum, Espeletia shultzii, Plecthranthus amboinicus and Cinnamomun zeylanicum. Repellency tests were performed under laboratory conditions by the human hand method in cage assays, using female colonies of L. migonei. The more effective oils were tested at variable concentrations on different volunteers. The protection percentage and time were calculated. The results showed what oils of P. caeruleocanum and C. zeylanicum were the most effective. Although P. amboinicus oil also had repellent effect showed an irritant effect. The oils P. marginatum, H. suaveolens and P. racemosa showed no repellent effect, while the rest of oil extracts showed significant repellency in variable degrees. P. caeruleocanum and C. zeylanicum oils provided the 95% protection against bites of L. migonei for 3 h. The P. caeruleocanum oil showed the greatest protection time, with a mean over 4h and 3h at concentrations of 50% and 10% respectively. The results suggest that the P. caeruleocanum oil could represent a potential natural repellent against Leishmania vectors.

Granular formulation of Fusarium oxysporum for biological control of faba bean and tomato Orobanche.

Science.gov (United States)

Nemat Alla, Mamdouh M; Shabana, Yasser M; Serag, Mamdouh M; Hassan, Nemat M; El-Hawary, Mohamed M

2008-12-01

Orobanche spp. represent a serious threat to a wide range of crops. They are difficult targets for herbicides, and biological control could provide a possible solution. This work therefore aimed to formulate mycoherbicides of Fusarium with adequate shelf life and virulence against Orobanche but safe to faba bean and tomato. Only two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. (Foxy I and Foxy II) obtained from diseased Orobanche shoots were found to be pathogenic to Orobanche crenata Forsk. and Orobanche ramosa L. Conidial suspension of both isolates significantly decreased germination, attachments and tubercles of Orobanche. Microconidia and chlamydospores of both isolates were formulated as mycoherbicides encapsulated in a wheat flour-kaolin matrix (four different formulations). All formulations greatly diminished Orobanche emerged shoots, total shoot number, shoot height, attachment of emerged shoots, the germinated seeds that succeeded in emerging above the soil surface and dry weight. Meanwhile, disease incidence and disease severity of emerged shoots were enhanced. The shelf life was adequate, particularly for coarse, freshly prepared, low-temperature-stored, microconidia-rich formulations. The induced growth reduction of Orobanche-infected host plants seemed to be nullified by formulations, particularly at the highest dose. These formulations seemed to destroy Orobanche but appeared harmless to host plants. Hence, they could be efficiently used as mycoherbicides for biological control of Orobanche in faba bean and tomato.

Taxonomic relationships of some species of orobanche l. evidence from rapd-pcr and issr markers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharawy, S.; Karakish, E.

2015-01-01

The taxonomic relationships among 25 samples representing nine species of Orobanche L. (Orobanchaceae) were determined by the analysis of morphological characters and molecular polymorphism using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR). In order to construct dendrogram elucidating the relationships among the examined taxa, the coded data were analyzed using the software package NTSYS-pc 2.1 based on the Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree building method based on a distance matrix. The aim of this study is to develop taxonomic relationship based on morphological and molecular data, in order to obtain a more reliable taxonomic relationship of Orobanche species under study. The dendrogram produced by the analysis of the molecular data (RAPD and ISSR) resembled that constructed by NJ dendrogram for the morphological variation. The studied taxa were separated in two groups, the first comprised of the five species of section Trionychon (O. purpurea, O.lavandulacea, O. ramosa, O. mutelii and O. aegyptiaca) and the second comprised of the four species of section Orobanche (O.cernua, O. crenata, O. minor and O. pubescens). High similarity was detected between O. pubescens and O. minor. The results confirmed the close relationship between O. ramosa and O. mutelii. Moreover, this study demonstrated the grouping of the studied taxa in most cases by geographically isolated population. (author)

Jeho a její pohled: Střídavá péče z perspektivy matek a otců

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Vohlídalová, Marta

2014-01-01

Roč. 15, č. 1 (2014), s. 29-41 ISSN 1213-0028 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP404/10/0021 Institutional support: RVO:68378025 Keywords : shared custody * joint physical custody * gender Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography

Efeito larvicida de óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais sobre larvas de Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera:Culicidae

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Toshik Iarley da Silva

2017-06-01

Full Text Available O Aedes aegypti L. é o mosquito mais relevante em termos de inseto de importância para a saúde pública no mundo, pois é transmissor de vírus que causam várias doenças, dentre elas a dengue. Na procura de larvicidas alternativos, os óleos essenciais extraídos de plantas medicinais têm demonstrado alta eficiência. Com isso, objetivou-se com avaliar o potencial larvicida de óleos essenciais, extraídos de espécies medicinais, sobre larvas de A. aegypti. O experimento foi realizado nos Laboratórios de Tecnologia de Produtos e de Entomologia Agrícola da Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA, na cidade de Crato, Ceará. Os óleos essenciais de alfazema (Hyptis suaveolens; gonçalo-alves (Astronium fraxinifolium0; alecrim de tabuleiro (Lippia Microphylla; mussambê (Cleome spinosa; marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus; aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva; velame (Croton heliotropiifolius e candeeiro (Vanillosmopsis arborea foram extraídos pelo método de hidrodestilação em aparelho tipo Clevenger. Os óleos foram emulsionados com Dimetilsulfóxido 2% (DMSO e diluídos para a concentração de 100 ppm (partes por milhão, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualisado com nove tratamentos (consistindo nas soluções de 100 ppm de cada óleo mais a solução controle com água e DMSO e quatro repetições, utilizando-se dez larvas para cada tratamento, sendo avaliado o número de larvas mortas. Observou-se que todos os óleos essenciais apresentaram efeito larvicida, porém os de candeeiro e de alfazema foram os que se destacaram.Abstract: Aedes aegypti L. is the most relevant mosquito in terms of public health importance of the world, because it’s the virus transmitter that causes many diseases, among this dengue. Looking for alternatives larvicides, the essential oils extracted from medicinal plants have demonstrated high efficiency. Thereby, it was objectified in this work to evaluate the larvicide potential of some essential oils

Levantamento da flora apícola em Santa Luzia do Paruá, Sudoeste da Amazônia, Maranhão Survey of bee flora in Santa Luzia do Paruá, Southwest Amazonia, Maranhão

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Luiz Junior Pereira Marques

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Foi realizado o levantamento das plantas visitadas por Apis mellifera L. através de análise polínica no município de Santa Luzia do Paruá, Maranhão, localizado a noroeste do Estado, em região amazônica. A temperatura média anual varia entre 26 °C e 27 °C, com umidade relativa do ar anual entre 79 a 82% e precipitação pluviométrica entre 2000 a 2400 mm anuais. O estudo foi conduzido entre agosto de 2005 e julho de 2006 em três apiários da região, com coletas mensais de mel, pólen e plantas, que foram submetidas ao método de acetólise. Os tipos polínicos das amostras de mel foram identificados e contados para a determinação da freqüência relativa média. Nas amostras de pólen foi realizada apenas a identificação dos tipos polínicos por meio da comparação com os polens das plantas (botões florais depositados em coleção de referência. As principais famílias utilizadas por A. mellifera foram Amaranthaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Urticaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae-Mimosoideae, Flacourtiaceae, Myrtaceae, Poaceae e Rubiaceae. Em amostras de mel, no período chuvoso destacaram-se os tipos polínicos de Mimosa pudica, Borreria e um tipo indeterminado da família Arecaceae. No período de safra foram representativos Hyptis e um tipo indeterminado de Asteraceae. Os tipos polínicos mais constantes nas amostras de pólen foram Euterpe oleracea, Asteraceae tipo 1, Mimosa pudica e Borreria.The plant species visited by Apis mellifera L. were surveyed by pollen analysis in Santa Luzia do Paruá municipality, located in northwestern Maranhão state. Natural vegetation is Amazon rainforest, mean annual temperature varies between 26°C and 27°C, relative air humidity between 79 and 82%, and total rainfall between 2000 and 2400 mm. This study was conducted from August 2005 to July 2006 in three apiaries of the region, with monthly sampling of honey, pollen and plants. The samples were analyzed by the acetolysis method

Právní, daňový a účetní pohled na leasing v ČR

OpenAIRE

Kulhánková, Hana

2009-01-01

This thesis deals with leasing, its division, legal, tax and accountig framework of leasing in the Czech Republic. Accounting and tax part focuses on obligations of a leasholder and a lessor. One part is dedicated to lease market in the Czech Republic and on part deals with IFRS.

Compte rendu de Burkhard Pohl, Jörg Türschmann (eds., Miradas glocales. Cine español en el cambio de milenio

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Bénédicte Brémard

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Este libro reúne los trabajos sobre el cine español (desde la década de los 1990 hasta hoy de veinte especialistas europeos, trabajos inicialmente presentados en el marco del Congreso de Hispanistas Alemanes de Bremen (2005. El extraño neologismo del título, tomado de Roland Robertson, designa el matrimonio entre globalización y localización convenido por la gran mayoría de películas españolas del período concernido. Matrimonio de conveniencia ya que se trata de una estrategia comercial que...

Combretum lanceolatum flowers extract shows antidiabetic activity through activation of AMPK by quercetin

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Carlos Roberto Porto Dechandt

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The present study evaluated the antidiabetic activity of the Combretum lanceolatum Pohl ex Eichler, Combretaceae, flowers extract (ClEtOH in diabetic rats. Streptozotocin-diabetic rats were divided into four groups: diabetic control, diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg of metformin and diabetic treated with 250 or 500 mg/kg of ClEtOH for 21 days. The treatment of diabetic rats with 500 mg/kg of ClEtOH promoted an increase in the weight of liver, white adipose tissues and skeletal muscles, improving body weight gain. Diabetic rats treated with 500 mg/kg of ClEtOH also presented reduction in glycemia, glycosuria and urinary urea levels, and increase in liver glycogen content. HPLC chromatogram showed that quercetin is the major compound in the extract. The phosphorylation levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase were increased in liver slices incubated in vitro with 50 µg/mL of ClEtOH, similarly to the incubation with metformin (50 µg/mL or quercetin (10 µg/mL. The antihyperglycemic effect of ClEtOH was similar to that of metformin and appears to be through inhibition of gluconeogenesis, since urinary urea was reduced and skeletal muscle mass was increased. These data indicate that the antidiabetic activity of the Combretum lanceolatum extract could be mediated, at least in part, through activation of adenosine monophosphateactivated protein kinase by quercetin.

Komunikace závěrů auditu IT procesu prostřednictvím nástrojů systémového myšlení

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Martin Dalihod

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Cílem článku je analyzovat výhody použití nástrojů systémového myšlení při sdělování výsledků interního auditu komunikované auditorem směrem k managementu. Audit je chápán jako nezávislá, objektivní a poradenská činnost, určená pro vytvoření přidané hodnoty a zdokonalování procesů v organizaci. V tomto rámci je navržen systémový archetyp jako obecný model kauzálních smyček a na jeho základě následně vytvořen systémově dynamický model stavů a toků, jenž je aplikovatelný pro účely auditu všech procesů "osvědčených postupů" COBIT. Systémovým přístupem v rámci COBIT autor ilustruje možnost ukázat jiný pohled než je tomu u tradičních lineárních přístupů, kterými nelze zcela vyřešit dlouhodobé problémy v oblasti interního auditu.

Evaluation of clinical significance of dermoscopy in alopecia areata

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Akhila Sai Guttikonda

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Alopecia areata (AA is a common, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by nonscarring hair loss on the scalp or any hair-bearing area of the body. Recently, dermoscopy, a noninvasive diagnostic procedure, has been employed for the diagnosis of AA. Aim: To evaluate various dermoscopic patterns in AA and correlate these patterns with the disease activity and severity. Materials and Methods: Dermoscopy was performed on AA patients using DL1 dermoscope (magnification ×10 was used. The dermoscopic patterns recorded were analyzed to identify any correlation with the disease activity and severity. Results: A total of fifty patients of AA were recruited in the study. Female outnumbered males with the ratio being 1.173:1. Mean age of the patients was 25.06 years. Mean duration of disease was 14 months. The most common site involved was scalp (80% and type noted was patchy (84%. Various dermoscopic patterns noted were yellow dots (YD (88%, short vellus hair (66%, black dots (BD (58%, broken hairs (BHs (56%, tapering hair (TH (26%, Coudability hairs (14%, pigtail hair (14%, and Pohl-Pinkus constrictions (2%. Statistically significant correlation was observed between BD, BHs, THs, and disease activity. No significant correlation was found between severity and any of the dermoscopic features. Conclusion: The most common dermoscopic pattern in our study was YD. Presence of BDs, BHs, and THs indicate active disease. Dermoscopic patterns were not affected by severity of the disease.

Recursos medicinais de espécies do Cerrado de Mato Grosso: um estudo bibliográfico

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Guarim Neto Germano

2003-01-01

Full Text Available A flora do Cerrado é de enorme riqueza, mas somente 1,5% de sua extensão é protegida por lei. Em vista disto, é preciso valorizar os recursos que ela oferece e que estão sob forte pressão de extinção, como as espécies medicinais. Assim, o presente estudo faz uma revisão bibliográfica aprofundada de trabalhos que indiquem as informações das espécies medicinais do cerrado mato-grossense, com intuito de se estabelecer uma base de dados regionais e, conseqüentemente, iniciar uma discussão em nível nacional. A revisão da flora medicinal constatou o total de 509 espécies, distribuídas em 297 gêneros e 96 famílias. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Asteraceae e Fabaceae (7% das espécies e os gêneros foram Hyptis e Tabebuia (oito espécies. As espécies com maior número de citações bibliográficas foram Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart. Coville e Anemopaegma arvense (Vell. Stelf. O predomínio foi de espécies arbóreas (31%. Os valores relatados superaram, em muito, estimativas anteriores e, em vista das áreas que ainda não foram cobertas por pesquisas mato-grossenses, acredita-se que o presente resultado poderá ser significativamente ampliado no futuro.

Antileishmanial Activity of Medicinal Plants Used in Endemic Areas in Northeastern Brazil

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Aline Cavalcanti De Queiroz

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This study investigates the leishmanicidal activity of five species of plants used in folk medicine in endemic areas of the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Data were collected in the cities of Colonia Leopoldina, Novo Lino, and União dos Palmares, Alagoas state, from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania amazonensis who use medicinal plants to treat this disease. Plants extracts were tested at a concentration of 1–100 μg/mL in all experiments, except in an assay to evaluate activity against amastigotes, when 10 μg/mL was used. All plants extracts did not show deleterious activity to the host cell evidenced by LDH assay at 100, 10, and 1 μg/mL after 48 h of incubation. The plants extracts Hyptis pectinata (L. Poit, Aloe vera L., Ruta graveolens L., Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng. Pedersen, and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. exhibited direct activity against extracellular forms at 100 μg/mL; these extracts inhibited growth by 81.9%, 82.9%, 74.4%, 88.7%, and 87.4%, respectively, when compared with promastigotes. The plants extracts H. pectinata, A. vera, and R. graveolens also significantly diminished the number of amastigotes at 10 μg/mL, inhibiting growth by 85.0%, 40.4%, 94.2%, and 97.4%, respectively, when compared with control. Based on these data, we conclude that the five plants exhibited considerable leishmanicidal activity.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of medicinal plants used in Northern Peru as antibacterial remedies.

Science.gov (United States)

Bussmann, R W; Malca-García, G; Glenn, A; Sharon, D; Chait, G; Díaz, D; Pourmand, K; Jonat, B; Somogy, S; Guardado, G; Aguirre, C; Chan, R; Meyer, K; Kuhlman, A; Townesmith, A; Effio-Carbajal, J; Frías-Fernandez, F; Benito, M

2010-10-28

The plant species reported here are traditionally used in Northern Peru to treat bacterial infections, often addressed by the local healers as "inflammation". The aim of this study was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of their antibacterial properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of 141 plant species was determined using a deep-well broth microdilution method on commercially available bacterial strains. The ethanolic extracts of 51 species inhibited Escherichia coli, and 114 ethanolic extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, only 30 aqueous extracts showed activity against Escherichia coli and 38 extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC concentrations were mostly very high and ranged from 0.008 to 256 mg/ml, with only 36 species showing inhibitory concentrations of extracts exhibited stronger activity and a much broader spectrum of action than the aqueous extracts. Hypericum laricifolium, Hura crepitans, Caesalpinia paipai, Cassia fistula, Hyptis sidifolia, Salvia sp., Banisteriopsis caapi, Miconia salicifolia and Polygonum hydropiperoides showed the lowest MIC values and would be interesting candidates for future research. The presence of antibacterial activity could be confirmed in most species used in traditional medicine in Peru which were assayed in this study. However, the MIC for the species employed showed a very large range, and were mostly very high. Nevertheless, traditional knowledge might provide some leads to elucidate potential candidates for future development of new antibiotic agents. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Differential Larval Toxicity and Oviposition Altering Activity of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts against Dengue and Chikungunya Vector Aedes albopictus.

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Ruchi Yadav

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Mosquitoes are well known as vectors of several disease causing pathogens. The extensive use of synthetic insecticides in the mosquito control strategies resulted to the development of pesticide resistance and fostered environmental deterioration. Hence in recent years plants become alternative source of mosquito control agents. The present study assessed the larvicidal and oviposition altering activity of six different plants species-Alstonia scholaris, Callistemon viminalis, Hyptis suaveolens, Malvastrum coromandelianum, Prosopis juliflora, Vernonia cinerea against Aedes albopictus mosquito in laboratory.Leaf extracts of all the six plants species in five different solvents of various polarities were used in the range of 20-400ppm for larval bioassay and 50,100 and 200ppm for cage bioassay (for the study of oviposition behavior against Ae. albopictus. The larval mortality data were recorded after 24 h and subjected to Probit analysis to determine the lethal concentrations (LC50, while OAI (Oviposition activity index was calculated for oviposition altering activity of the plant extracts.Vernonia cinerea extract in acetone and C. viminalis extract in isopropanol were highly effective against Aedes albopictus larvae with LC50 value 64.57, 71.34ppm respectively. Acetone extract of P. juliflora found to be strong oviposition-deterrent which inhibited >2 fold egg laying (OAI-0.466 at 100ppm.Vernonia cinerea and C. viminallis leaf extracts have the potential to be used as larvicide and P. juliflora as an oviposition-deterrent for the control of Ae. albopictus mosquito.

Differential Larval Toxicity and Oviposition Altering Activity of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts against Dengue and Chikungunya Vector Aedes albopictus

Science.gov (United States)

Yadav, Ruchi; Tyagi, Varun; Tikar, Sachin N; Sharma, Ajay K; Mendki, Murlidhar J; Jain, Ashok K; Sukumaran, Devanathan

2014-01-01

Background: Mosquitoes are well known as vectors of several disease causing pathogens. The extensive use of synthetic insecticides in the mosquito control strategies resulted to the development of pesticide resistance and fostered environmental deterioration. Hence in recent years plants become alternative source of mosquito control agents. The present study assessed the larvicidal and oviposition altering activity of six different plants species-Alstonia scholaris, Callistemon viminalis, Hyptis suaveolens, Malvastrum coromandelianum, Prosopis juliflora, Vernonia cinerea against Aedes albopictus mosquito in laboratory. Methods: Leaf extracts of all the six plants species in five different solvents of various polarities were used in the range of 20–400ppm for larval bioassay and 50,100 and 200ppm for cage bioassay (for the study of oviposition behavior) against Ae. albopictus. The larval mortality data were recorded after 24 h and subjected to Probit analysis to determine the lethal concentrations (LC50), while OAI (Oviposition activity index) was calculated for oviposition altering activity of the plant extracts. Results: Vernonia cinerea extract in acetone and C. viminalis extract in isopropanol were highly effective against Aedes albopictus larvae with LC50 value 64.57, 71.34ppm respectively. Acetone extract of P. juliflora found to be strong oviposition-deterrent which inhibited >2 fold egg laying (OAI-0.466) at 100ppm. Conclusion: Vernonia cinerea and C. viminallis leaf extracts have the potential to be used as larvicide and P. juliflora as an oviposition-deterrent for the control of Ae. albopictus mosquito. PMID:26114131

DECOCTOS ISOLADOS E EM MISTURA COM FUNGICIDA NO CONTROLE DO OÍDIO EM MINICEPAS DE EUCALIPTO

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ANDRÉ COSTA DA SILVA

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The objective of the work was to evaluate the decoctions of Hyptis marrubioides, Aloysia gratissima and Cordia verbenacea and the mixture of those decoctions with the commercial fungicide pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole on the control of powdery mildew in eucalyptus. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using ministumps of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. camaldulensis (“urocam” VM1 hybrid, considered highly susceptible to powdery mildew. The treatments consisted of three decoctions at 50%, of the fungicide at 0,75 mL L-1 and the mixture of the decoction with the fungicide at the proportions of 50:50, 25:75 and 75:25, respectively. The treatments were sprayed every 14 days and the disease severity evaluations were carried out every 7 days. The direct fungitoxic effect of the treatments on the powdery mildew of the eucalyptus was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM. It was verified that the fungicide and decoctions of H. marrubioides, A. gratissima and C. verbenacea and all the mixtures of those decoctions with the fungicide were efficient in reducing the severity of powdery mildew in eucalyptus ministumps. The mixture of decoctions with the fungicide pyraclostrobin + epoxiconazole allowed us to reduce fungicide dose by 75% and increase the efficiency of control. Through the images obtained by SEM verified the fungitoxic action of the decoctions, the fungicide and combinations of these products on the powdery mildew of the eucalyptus, such as hyphal wall and conidiophore lysis and wilting of the fungal conidia.

Heliolactone, a non-sesquiterpene lactone germination stimulant for root parasitic weeds from sunflower.

Science.gov (United States)

Ueno, Kotomi; Furumoto, Toshio; Umeda, Shuhei; Mizutani, Masaharu; Takikawa, Hirosato; Batchvarova, Rossitza; Sugimoto, Yukihiro

2014-12-01

Root exudates of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) line 2607A induced germination of seeds of root parasitic weeds Striga hermonthica, Orobanche cumana, Orobanche minor, Orobanche crenata, and Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Bioassay-guided purification led to the isolation of a germination stimulant designated as heliolactone. FT-MS analysis indicated a molecular formula of C20H24O6. Detailed NMR spectroscopic studies established a methylfuranone group, a common structural component of strigolactones connected to a methyl ester of a C14 carboxylic acid via an enol ether bridge. The cyclohexenone ring is identical to that of 3-oxo-α-ionol and the other part of the molecule corresponds to an oxidized carlactone at C-19. It is a carlactone-type molecule and functions as a germination stimulant for seeds of root parasitic weeds. Heliolactone induced seed germination of the above mentioned root parasitic weeds, while dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide, sesquiterpene lactones isolated from sunflower root exudates, were effective only on O. cumana and O. minor. Heliolactone production in aquacultures increased when sunflower seedlings were grown hydroponically in tap water and decreased on supplementation of the culture with either phosphorus or nitrogen. Costunolide, on the other hand, was detected at a higher concentration in well-nourished medium as opposed to nutrient-deficient media, thus suggesting a contrasting contribution of heliolactone and the sesquiterpene lactone to the germination of O. cumana under different soil fertility levels. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Is seed conditioning essential for Orobanche germination?

Science.gov (United States)

Plakhine, Dina; Ziadna, Hammam; Joel, Daniel M

2009-05-01

Parasitic Orobanchaceae germinate only after receiving a chemical stimulus from roots of potential host plants. A preparatory phase of several days that follows seed imbibition, termed conditioning, is known to be required; thereafter the seeds can respond to germination stimulants. The aim of this study was to examine whether conditioning is essential for stimulant receptivity. Non-conditioned seeds of both Orobanche cumana Wallr. and O. aegyptiaca Pers. [syn. Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel] were able to germinate in response to chemical stimulation by GR24 even without prior conditioning. Stimulated seeds reached maximal germination rates about 2 weeks after the onset of imbibition, no matter whether the seeds had or had not been conditioned before stimulation. Whereas the lag time between stimulation and germination response of non-conditioned seeds was longer than for conditioned seeds, the total time between imbibition and germination was shorter for the non-conditioned seeds. Unlike the above two species, O. crenata Forsk. was found to require conditioning prior to stimulation. Seeds of O. cumana and O. aegyptiaca are already receptive before conditioning. Thus, conditioning is not involved in stimulant receptivity. A hypothesis is put forward, suggesting that conditioning includes (a) a parasite-specific early phase that allows the imbibed seeds to overcome the stress caused by failing to receive an immediate germination stimulus, and (b) a non-specific later phase that is identical to the pregermination phase between seed imbibition and actual germination that is typical for all higher plants.

Época de maturação, caracterização física e química de cultivares e seleções de castanheiro

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Rafael Pio

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Nove cultivares ('Taishowase', 'Tiodowase', 'Tamatsukuri', 'Isumo', 'Okuni', 'Moriwase', 'Kinshu', 'Senri' e 'Ibuki' e duas seleções ('KM-2' e 'KM-1' de castanheiro híbrido (Castanea crenata x Castanea sp. foram analisadas em São Bento do Sapucaí-SP. Avaliaram-se o início e o término da colheita, a deiscência do fruto e a deiscência, as propriedades físicas, tais como dimensões e massas dos frutos e castanhas, além do formato das castanhas e a poliembrionia, e ainda as propriedades químicas e a composição mineral. Os dados apresentados indicam que as cultivares e seleções diferem quanto à deiscência dos frutos. A colheita das castanhas concentra-se entre a primeira quinzena de novembro e a segunda quinzena de abril. Algumas cultivares apresentaram reduzido número de castanhas dentro da cápsula, o que indica falta de sincronia no período de floração. Há diferença na constituição química das castanhas entre as cultivares e seleções. As castanhas analisadas possuem alta quantidade de proteínas e açúcares totais, baixa quantidade de sódio e extrato etérico, indicando que o amido é a principal substância de reservas das castanhas, das cultivares e seleções analisadas.

Chemical constituents of the stem bark of Vochysia thyrsoidea Pohl. (Vochysiaceae) and evaluation of their cytotoxicity and inhibitory activity against cathepsins B and K; Constituintes quimicos das cascas do caule de Vochysia thyrsoidea Pohl. (Vochysiaceae) e avaliacao das atividades citotoxica e inibitoria frente as catepsinas B e K

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sousa, Lorena Ramos Freitas de; Silva, Jame' s A. da; Vieira, Paulo Cezar [Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), SP (Brazil). Departamento de Quimica; Costa, Maisa Borges; Santos, Mirley Luciene dos; Menezes, Antonio Carlos Severo, E-mail: amenezes@ueg.br [Universidade Estadual de Goias (UEG), Anapolis, GO (Brazil). Unidade Universitaria de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologicas; Sbardelotto, Aline Borba; Pessoa, Claudia do O; Moraes, Manoel Odorico de [Universidade Federal do Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, CE (Brazil). Fac. de Medicina. Dept. de Fisiologia e Farmacologia

2014-04-15

A new flavonoid, catechin-3-O-(3{sup -}O-trans-cinnamoyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside, along with known compounds, catechin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, 3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzoic acid, 2-butyl-D-fructofuranoside and 1-butyl-D-fructofuranoside, has been isolated from the stem bark of V. thyrsoidea. These compounds were assayed for inhibition of protease activity (cathepsins B and K) and against cancer cell lines. Catechin-3-O-(3{sup -}O-trans-cinnamoyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside showed moderate inhibitory activity (IC{sub 50} = 62.02 µM) against cathepsin B while 2-butyl-D-fructofuranoside was the most potent against a strain of CNS (SF-295) and human leukemia (HL-60) with IC{sub 50} = 36.80 μM and IC{sub 50} = 25.37 μM, respectively (author)

Avaliação da inibição da acetilcolinesterase por extratos de plantas medicinais Evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by extracts from medicinal plants

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W.M. Mota

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho foi avaliada a atividade inibitória da acetilcolinesterase (AChE pelo método de Ellman, modificado por Rhee, de extratos aquosos e etanólicos de oito plantas utilizadas na medicina popular da região Nordeste do Brasil. O extrato aquoso de E. velutina não apresentou atividade inibitória enquanto o extrato aquoso de Maytenus rigida apresentou baixa atividade inibitória (percentual de inibição de 4%. Detectou-se atividade inibitória moderada com o extrato aquoso de P. piperoides (percentual de inibição de 40 %, enquanto o extrato de V. agnus-castus L. inibiu 74% da atividade da AChE, caracterizando-se como potente atividade inibitória. A avaliação da inibição da AChE com os extratos etanólicos demonstrou que os extratos de Sideroxylon obtusifolium, Erythrina velutina, Vitex agnus-castus, Phoradendron piperoides, Chrysobalanus icaco, Bauhinia cheilantha e Orbignya phalerata não apresentaram atividade inibitória. Baixa atividade inibitória foi observada com os extratos etanólicos de Maytenus rigida (percentual de inibição de 7% e de Hyptis fruticosa (percentual de inibição de 11%. O extrato etanólico de Moringa oleifera apresentou atividade inibitória moderada, inibindo 47% da atividade dessa enzima. Nenhum dos extratos etanólicos testados apresentou atividade inibitória potente da AChE. Os resultados dos estudos de inibição da acetilcolinesterase permitem concluir que o extrato aquoso de V. agnus-castus L. mostrou-se o mais eficaz quanto a inibição da AChE. Este resultado reforça a necessidade da continuidade do estudo desse extrato, de forma a realizar a partição do extrato e a purificação das frações para isolar a molécula responsável pela inibição observada.In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE according to Ellman's method, modified by Rhee, for ethanol and aqueous extracts from eight plants used in folk medicine in the northeast region of

Actividad antimicótica, citotoxicidad y composición de aceites esenciales de plantas de la familia Labiatae Antifungal activity, cytotoxicity and composition of essential oils from Labiatae family plants

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Bibiana Zapata

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Candida spp. y Aspergillus spp. son causa importante de infecciones a nivel mundial. Considerando la resistencia de estos patógenos a algunos de los antimicóticos disponibles, es necesaria la búsqueda de nuevos agentes antimicóticos. Diferentes aceites esenciales y extractos de plantas han mostrado actividad antimicótica in vitro. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicótica, citotóxica y la composición química de aceites esenciales de la familia Labiatae. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluó la actividad antimicótica de 22 aceites de plantas de la familia Labiatae contra C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, C. krusei ATCC 6258, A. flavus ATCC 204304 y A. fumigatus ATCC 204305, siguiendo las técnicas estándar EUCAST y CLSI M38-A para levaduras y hongos filamentosos, respectivamente. Adicionalmente la actividad citotóxica se evaluó en la línea celular Vero mediante la técnica colorimétrica del MTT. La caracterización de los aceites esenciales se llevó a cabo por cromatografía de gases acoplada a masas. Resultados: El aceite esencial mas activo fue el de Minthostachys mollis frente a todas las cepas evaluadas con rangos concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias (CMIs entre 250 y 375 μg/mL. El aceite de la planta Hyptis mutabilis mostró actividad frente a A. fumigatus (CMI = 396,8 μg/mL. Estos aceites esenciales no fueron citotóxicos sobre las células Vero. Los componentes principales de los aceites de las plantas M. mollis y H. mutabillis fueron epóxido de cis-piperitona y 1,8-cineol, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los aceites esenciales de las plantas M. mollis y H. mutabillis mostraron actividad antimicótica y no fueron citotóxicos en células Vero. Salud UIS 2009; 41: 223-230Introduction: Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. are important cause of infections worldwide. Considering the resistance of these pathogens to some antifungal agents, there is greater need to search for new antifungal agents

Actividad repelente de aceites esenciales contra las picaduras de Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae

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Elsa Nieves

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Los repelentes naturales de extractos de plantas han mostrado eficacia contra diferentes especies de insectos. El presente estudio evaluó la acción repelente de aceites esenciales extraídos de ocho especies de plantas contra las picaduras de Lutzomyia migonei, vector de Leishmania. Los aceites esenciales se obtuvieron por hidrodestilación, utilizando una trampa de Clevenger, a partir de Hyptis suaveolens, Pimenta racemosa, Piper marginatum, Monticalia imbricatifolia, Pseudognaphalium caeruleocanum, Espeletia shultzii, Plectranthus amboinicus y Cinnamomun zeylanicum. Los ensayos de repelencia se realizaron sobre humanos en condiciones de laboratorio, frente a hembras de L. migonei provenientes de colonia, utilizando el método de la mano en la jaula. Los aceites con efecto repelente también se ensayaron con distintos voluntarios y concentraciones. Se determinó el porcentaje de protección y el tiempo de protección. Los resultados revelaron que el aceite de P. caeruleocanum y C. zeylanicum fueron los más efectivos. El aceite de P. amboinicus presentó efecto de repelencia satisfactorio, sin embargo, ocasionó picazón y toxicidad en la piel. Los aceites de P. marginatum, H. suaveolens y P. racemosa no evidenciaron efecto repelente; el resto de los aceites presentaron repelencia significativa en grado variable. Los aceites de P. caeruleocanum y C. zeylanicum mostraron un 95% de protección de 3h contra las picaduras de L. migonei. El aceite de P. caeruleocanum presentó el mayor tiempo de protección, de más de 4h y de 2h en concentraciones de 50% y 10%, respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que el aceite P. caeruleocanum podría ser un potencial candidato como repelente natural contra la picadura de dípteros posibles transmisores de Leishmania.Repellent activity of plant essential oils against bites of Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae. Natural repellents from plant extracts have demonstrated good efficacy against bites of some

Pohledávky po splatnosti u malých a středních podniků v České republice

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Marie Paseková

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Purpose of the article: The adverse economic situation in the Czech Republic has elicited a rising number of proposals to commence insolvency proceedings. Insolvency proceedings are resolved by the insolvency act from January 2008. The longer the duration of insolvency proceedings, the higher are their costs, which reduce gained yields. Methodology/methods: Research is focused on the area of small and medium-sized enterprises. The research was based on a questionnaire survey in which representatives of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech Republic were addressed. The questionnaire contained 18 closed questions.The research results are evaluated and presented through a graphical representation. Scientific aim: The article aims to gain information from representatives of small and medium firms as to how they settle overdue receivables, how they enforce them, whether they have had experience with an arbitration clause and whether they have been participants in insolvency proceedings. Findings: Research has demonstrated that small and medium enterprises, for the most part, do not include an arbitration clause in purchase agreements. Small and medium enterprises tend to utilize court enforcement of receivables in exceptional cases and do not ascertain receivables of a subject in insolvency proceedings. They mostly enforce their irrecoverable receivables themselves. The relative amount of transaction costs connected with enforcement of receivables is in the vicinity of 1 to 5%, and only a small part (1 to 5% of the volume of overdue receivables in insolvency proceedings are truly successfully enforced. Conclusions: The course of insolvency proceedings can be considered to be an urgent problem in need of a solution, as the longer the duration of insolvency proceedings, the higher the costs for the parties involved and the lower the total amount recovered.

Nový pohled na dějiny renesančního knihtisku v Čechách a na Moravě

OpenAIRE

Voit, Petr

2009-01-01

A new perspective of the history of Renaissance typography in Bohemia and Moravia. -- Present Czech researchers have either not explored the beginnings of Renaissance printed books at all, or they have tried to colour a quite idyllic image of the period before the White Mountain Battle as a whole. Despite these apparent apologies, the Czech typography of the Jagello-period was of an irregular character. The main reasons for this we can attribute back to a weak potential of the craft as well a...

Profile correction to electron temperature and enhancement factor in soft-x-ray pulse-height-analysis measurements in tokamaks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sesnic, S.; Diesso, M.; Hill, K.; Holland, A.; Pohl, F.

1988-01-01

Because soft-x-ray pulse-height-analysis spectra contain chordal information, the electron temperature and the radiation intensity (enhancement factor) measurements do not represent the local values. The correction factors for the electron temperature and the enhancement factor as a function of the temperature and density profile parameters and the energy are obtained. The spectrum distortion due to pulse pileup effects is also evaluated. A set of curves is given from which the distortion of the spectrum can be obtained if the electron temperature, the Be filter thickness, and the electronic parameters of the acquisition system are known. PG 1810,1812 ID 131801CON N X-ray diagnostics TT Profile correction to electron temperature and enhancement factor in soft-x-ray pulse-height-analysis measurements in tokamaks AU S. Sesnic, M. Diesso, K. Hill, and A. Holland LO Princeton University, Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543 AU F. Pohl LO Max-Planck Institut fuer Plasmaphysik, 8046-Garching, Federal Republic of Germany SD (Presented on 16 March 1988) AB Because soft-x-ray pulse-height-analysis spectra contain chordal information, the electron temperature and the radiation intensity (enhancement factor) measurements do not represent the local values. The correction factors for the electron temperature and the enhancement factor as a function of the temperature and density profile parameters and the energy are obtained. The spectrum distortion due to pulse pileup effects is also evaluated. A set of curves is given from which the distortion of the spectrum can be obtained if the electron tempe

Sazonalidade do Balanço de Energia e Evapotranspiração em Área Arbustiva Alagável no Pantanal Mato-Grossense

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Nadja Gomes Machado

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Resumo O Pantanal apresenta períodos de inundação que modelam a paisagem e atuam como filtro ao estabelecimento e desenvolvimento de plantas. Perturbações antrópicas ou naturais podem alterar a distribuição da energia disponível no ecossistema. Diante da necessidade de compreensão da variabilidade temporal do balanço de energia em paisagens naturais inundáveis, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a sazonalidade do balanço de energia em área arbustiva alagável composta por Combretum lanceolatum Pohl no Pantanal Mato-grossense. As estimativas do fluxo de calor latente (LE e sensível (H, e da evapotranspiração (ET foram obtidas pelo método da razão de Bowen entre maio de 2012 e abril de 2013. A energia disponível foi destinada prioritariamente ao LE (64,1%, seguido ao H (35,8% e quase zero ao fluxo de calor no solo (0,1%. Os componentes do balanço de energia apresentaram forte sazonalidade, com maior LE durante a estação chuvosa e maior H durante a estação seca. A evapotranspiração foi menor durante a estação seca devido ao baixo conteúdo de água no solo e transpiração da vegetação dominante na área de estudo. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho sugerem que o ambiente estudado é limitado pela disponibilidade de energia e água.

Contribution to numerical radiology. Study of a bidimensional imaging device that use Electrically Stimulated Luminescence. The case of mammography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ayral, Jean-Luc

1990-01-01

Projection radiography is in a fast change period. This work describes the study and demonstration of a new type of 2D flat X-Ray sensor for mammography and delivering a digital signal. X-ray transmission study of breast tissues leads to: a- definition of X-Ray photons properties for optimized signal-to-noise ratio, and b-specifications of a 2D X-Ray sensor such as mean exposure, dynamic range and pixel size. Then the X-Ray detection processes using a direct or a delayed luminescence mechanism are reviewed. The detailed analysis of the different ways for detecting visible photons is combined with the System specifications (pixel size, image reading time) in order to characterize (from a signal-to-noise ratio aspect) an X-Ray imaging system integrating a delayed luminescence property. The imaging plate and associated luminescent material are specified by their minimum X-Ray absorption and conversion gain. The Gudden- Pohl effect, or Electrically Stimulated Luminescence (ESL) is experimentally studied and quantified under X-Ray excitation in ZnCdS: Cu, Al materials. An original UV sensitization technique opens us the way to highly reproducible results and large sensitivity. The obtained information storage time in the material is compatible with a delayed image reading. These results allow the achievement of an X-Ray imaging demonstrator integrating the ESL imaging plate, an intensified CCD sensor and the sensitization technique. First images are obtained. Further conception of real dimension X-Ray imaging System for mammography is described. (author) [fr

Hybrid Image Fusion for Sharpness Enhancement of Multi-Spectral Lunar Images

Science.gov (United States)

Awumah, Anna; Mahanti, Prasun; Robinson, Mark

2016-10-01

Image fusion enhances the sharpness of a multi-spectral (MS) image by incorporating spatial details from a higher-resolution panchromatic (Pan) image [1,2]. Known applications of image fusion for planetary images are rare, although image fusion is well-known for its applications to Earth-based remote sensing. In a recent work [3], six different image fusion algorithms were implemented and their performances were verified with images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Camera. The image fusion procedure obtained a high-resolution multi-spectral (HRMS) product from the LRO Narrow Angle Camera (used as Pan) and LRO Wide Angle Camera (used as MS) images. The results showed that the Intensity-Hue-Saturation (IHS) algorithm results in a high-spatial quality product while the Wavelet-based image fusion algorithm best preserves spectral quality among all the algorithms. In this work we show the results of a hybrid IHS-Wavelet image fusion algorithm when applied to LROC MS images. The hybrid method provides the best HRMS product - both in terms of spatial resolution and preservation of spectral details. Results from hybrid image fusion can enable new science and increase the science return from existing LROC images.[1] Pohl, Cle, and John L. Van Genderen. "Review article multisensor image fusion in remote sensing: concepts, methods and applications." International journal of remote sensing 19.5 (1998): 823-854.[2] Zhang, Yun. "Understanding image fusion." Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens 70.6 (2004): 657-661.[3] Mahanti, Prasun et al. "Enhancement of spatial resolution of the LROC Wide Angle Camera images." Archives, XXIII ISPRS Congress Archives (2016).

Contribution to digital radiography. Study of a 2D X-ray sensor for mammography using the electrically-stimulated-luminescence effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ayral, Jean-Luc

1990-01-01

Radiography is in a fast change period. This work describes the study and demonstration of a new type of 2D flat X-Ray sensor for mammography and delivering a digital signal. X-ray transmission study of breast tissues leads to: a-definition of X-Ray photons properties for optimized signal-to-noise ratio, and b-specifications of a 2D X-Ray sensor such as mean exposure, dynamic range and pixel size. Then the X-Ray detection processes using a direct or a delayed luminescence mechanism are reviewed. The detailed analysis of the different ways for detecting visible photons is combined with the system specifications (pixel size, image reading time) in order to characterize (from a signal-to-noise ratio aspect) an X-Ray imaging system integrating a delayed luminescence property. The imaging plate and associated luminescent material are specified by their minimum X-Ray absorption and conversion gain. The Gudden-Pohl effect, or Electrically Stimulated Luminescence (ESL) is experimentally studied and quantified under X-Ray excitation in ZnCdS: Cu, Al materials. An original UV sensitization technique opens us the way to highly reproducible results and large sensitivity. The obtained information storage time in the material is compatible with a delayed image reading. These results allow the achievement of an X-Ray imaging demonstrator integrating the ESL imaging plate, an intensified CCD sensor and the sensitization technique. First images are obtained. Further conception of real dimension X-Ray imaging system for mammography is described. (author) [fr

Extreme nonlinear terahertz electro-optics in diamond for ultrafast pulse switching

Science.gov (United States)

Shalaby, Mostafa; Vicario, Carlo; Hauri, Christoph P.

2017-03-01

Polarization switching of picosecond laser pulses is a fundamental concept in signal processing [C. Chen and G. Liu, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 16, 203 (1986); V. R. Almeida et al., Nature 431, 1081 (2004); and A. A. P. Pohl et al., Photonics Sens. 3, 1 (2013)]. Conventional switching devices rely on the electro-optical Pockels effect and work at radio frequencies. The ensuing gating time of several nanoseconds is a bottleneck for faster switches which is set by the performance of state-of-the-art high-voltage electronics. Here we show that by substituting the electric field of several kV/cm provided by modern electronics by the MV/cm field of a single-cycle THz laser pulse, the electro-optical gating process can be driven orders of magnitude faster, at THz frequencies. In this context, we introduce diamond as an exceptional electro-optical material and demonstrate a pulse gating time as fast as 100 fs using sub-cycle THz-induced Kerr nonlinearity. We show that THz-induced switching in the insulator diamond is fully governed by the THz pulse shape. The presented THz-based electro-optical approach overcomes the bandwidth and switching speed limits of conventional MHz/GHz electronics and establishes the ultrafast electro-optical gating technology for the first time in the THz frequency range. We finally show that the presented THz polarization gating technique is applicable for advanced beam diagnostics. As a first example, we demonstrate tomographic reconstruction of a THz pulse in three dimensions.

Effects of Argentilactone on the Transcriptional Profile, Cell Wall and Oxidative Stress of Paracoccidioides spp.

Science.gov (United States)

Araújo, Felipe Souto; Coelho, Luciene Melo; Silva, Lívia do Carmo; da Silva Neto, Benedito Rodrigues; Parente-Rocha, Juliana Alves; Bailão, Alexandre Melo; de Oliveira, Cecília Maria Alves; Fernandes, Gabriel da Rocha; Hernández, Orville; Ochoa, Juan Guillermo McEwen; Soares, Célia Maria de Almeida; Pereira, Maristela

2016-01-01

Paracoccidioides spp., a dimorphic pathogenic fungus, is the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). PCM is an endemic disease that affects at least 10 million people in Latin America, causing severe public health problems. The drugs used against pathogenic fungi have various side effects and limited efficacy; therefore, there is an inevitable and urgent medical need for the development of new antifungal drugs. In the present study, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of Paracoccidioides lutzii exposed to argentilactone, a constituent of the essential oil of Hyptis ovalifolia. A total of 1,058 genes were identified, of which 208 were up-regulated and 850 were down-regulated. Cell rescue, defense and virulence, with a total of 26 genes, was a functional category with a large number of genes induced, including heat shock protein 90 (hsp90), cytochrome c peroxidase (ccp), the hemoglobin ligand RBT5 (rbt5) and superoxide dismutase (sod). Quantitative real-time PCR revealed an increase in the expression level of all of those genes. An enzymatic assay showed a significant increase in SOD activity. The reduced growth of Pbhsp90-aRNA, Pbccp-aRNA, Pbsod-aRNA and Pbrbt5-aRNA isolates in the presence of argentilactone indicates the importance of these genes in the response of Paracoccidioides spp. to argentilactone. The response of the P. lutzii cell wall to argentilactone treatment was also evaluated. The results showed that argentilactone caused a decrease in the levels of polymers in the cell wall. These results suggest that argentilactone is a potential candidate for antifungal therapy.

Effects of Argentilactone on the Transcriptional Profile, Cell Wall and Oxidative Stress of Paracoccidioides spp.

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Felipe Souto Araújo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Paracoccidioides spp., a dimorphic pathogenic fungus, is the etiologic agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM. PCM is an endemic disease that affects at least 10 million people in Latin America, causing severe public health problems. The drugs used against pathogenic fungi have various side effects and limited efficacy; therefore, there is an inevitable and urgent medical need for the development of new antifungal drugs. In the present study, we evaluated the transcriptional profile of Paracoccidioides lutzii exposed to argentilactone, a constituent of the essential oil of Hyptis ovalifolia. A total of 1,058 genes were identified, of which 208 were up-regulated and 850 were down-regulated. Cell rescue, defense and virulence, with a total of 26 genes, was a functional category with a large number of genes induced, including heat shock protein 90 (hsp90, cytochrome c peroxidase (ccp, the hemoglobin ligand RBT5 (rbt5 and superoxide dismutase (sod. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed an increase in the expression level of all of those genes. An enzymatic assay showed a significant increase in SOD activity. The reduced growth of Pbhsp90-aRNA, Pbccp-aRNA, Pbsod-aRNA and Pbrbt5-aRNA isolates in the presence of argentilactone indicates the importance of these genes in the response of Paracoccidioides spp. to argentilactone. The response of the P. lutzii cell wall to argentilactone treatment was also evaluated. The results showed that argentilactone caused a decrease in the levels of polymers in the cell wall. These results suggest that argentilactone is a potential candidate for antifungal therapy.

Diminazene aceturate modified nanocomposite for improved efficacy in acute trypanosome infection

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Oluwatosin Kudirat Shittu

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Objective: To investigate the improved antitrypanocidal activity and toxicity of diminazene aceturate modified Nano drug in experimental rats.Methods: Aqueous leaf extract of Hyptis suaveolens was used to reduce gold tetrachloride to its nanoparticle size and this was characterized and formulates with naturally synthesized polyhydroxybutyrateas a Nano carrier. A total of thirty [30] albino rats were group into 6 (A-F of 5 rats each & infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL of the inoculum containing about 1x103 Trypanosoma brucei brucei parasites per 0.2 mL of blood. Groups A and B were treated with 3 and 6 minutes released orange PHB, Groups C and D were treated with 15 and 30 minutes released mango PHB formulated tablet while Groups E and F were negative (untreated and standard drug (Dininazene aceturare respectively.Results: The free drug and modified orange synthesized polyhydroxy butyrate shows antitrypanocidal activities by reducing the replicating rate of the parasite as compared to infect untreated. While the modified- mango synthesized shows increasing order of replication. There were significant increases in all the haematological parameter evaluated in the infected treated groups compared to infect untreated. But no significant difference (P<0.05 observed in the Catalase activity in the serum and liver of all the groups whereas, the modified orange synthesized shows significant decrease in other enzymes activities evaluated when compared with the free drug, mango synthesized and the infected untreated groups.Conclusion: Orange synthesized modified diminazene aceturate show efficacy as free drug with limited toxicity that can enhance the therapeutic.

The SOS Chromotest applied for screening plant antigenotoxic agents against ultraviolet radiation.

Science.gov (United States)

Fuentes, J L; García Forero, A; Quintero Ruiz, N; Prada Medina, C A; Rey Castellanos, N; Franco Niño, D A; Contreras García, D A; Córdoba Campo, Y; Stashenko, E E

2017-09-13

In this work, we investigated the usefulness of the SOS Chromotest for screening plant antigenotoxic agents against ultraviolet radiation (UV). Fifty Colombian plant extracts obtained by supercritical fluid (CO 2 ) extraction, twelve plant extract constituents (apigenin, carvacrol, β-caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole, citral, p-cymene, geraniol, naringenin, pinocembrin, quercetin, squalene, and thymol) and five standard antioxidant and/or photoprotective agents (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, resveratrol, α-tocopherol, and Trolox®) were evaluated for their genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity against UV using the SOS Chromotest. None of the plant extracts, constituents or agents were genotoxic in the SOS Chromotest at tested concentrations. Based on the minimal extract concentration that significantly inhibited UV-genotoxicity (CIG), five plant extracts were antigenotoxic against UV as follows: Baccharis nítida (16 μg mL -1 ) = Solanum crotonifolium (16 μg mL -1 ) > Hyptis suaveolens (31 μg mL -1 ) = Persea caerulea (31 μg mL -1 ) > Lippia origanoides (62 μg mL -1 ). Based on CIG values, the flavonoid compounds showed the highest antigenotoxic potential as follows: apigenin (7 μM) > pinocembrin (15 μM) > quercetin (26 μM) > naringenin (38 μM) > epigallocatechin gallate (108 μM) > resveratrol (642 μM). UV-genotoxicity inhibition with epigallocatechin gallate, naringenin and resveratrol was related to its capability for inhibiting protein synthesis. A correlation analysis between compound antigenotoxicity estimates and antioxidant activity evaluated by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay showed that these activities were not related. The usefulness of the SOS Chromotest for bioprospecting of plant antigenotoxic agents against UV was discussed.

The traditional knowledge about melitophile plants in rural communities in the city of Sigefredo Pacheco, Piauí

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Ederson de Sousa Martins

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The knowledge about plants with melitophile potential is highlighted in the research field, this way; these pieces of information are collected in the rural areas. Thus, ethnobotany, which studies the relation between human groups and plants, is fundamental, because it brings information about the species visited by bees as well as beekeepers and meliponiculturers, helping with environmental protection, especially native tree species and different bee groups. The objective of this study was to conduct an ethnobotanical survey about the knowledge the residents of two rural communities in the city of  Sigrefredo Pacheco, state of Piauí, about melitophile plants. The study was conducted through interviews in every house (41 of the two communities, totalizing 69 interviewees. 31 species were cited, and the family Leguminosae was highlighted.the most cited species were: Croton blanchetianus Baill. (25 and Hyptis suaveolens (L. Poit. (25, in which the native species stood out (77,4%. It is possible to observe that the younger portion had the smaller participation and about gender, it is noticeable that men presented a major number of citation addressing plants than women. The study concludes that the knowledge of melitophile plants is present among the residents of the communities, that they know the profitable practices to the conservation of the melitophile flora, though; they are not overspread in the community. It is necessary to know more and more the knowledge about apicultural flora in rural communities, in order to rescue and value this knowledge, as well as local conservation measures.

Aromatic plant oils of the Peruvian Amazon. Part 2: Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf., Renealmia sp., Hyptis recurvata Poit. and Tynanthus panurensis (Bur.) Sandw.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Leclercq, P.A.; Delgado, H.S.; Garcia, J.; Hidalgo, J.E.; Cerrutti, T.; Mestanza, M.; Rios, F.; Nina, E.; Nonato, L.; Alvarado, R.; Menendez, R.

2000-01-01

The leaf oils of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Renealmia sp., and Hyptts recuroata, and the cortex oil of 1jmanthus panurensisfrom Peruvian Amazon have been isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. Twelve, sixteen, and sixteen components have been identified

Treefall gap disturbance in an old-growth beech forest in southwestern Japan by a catastrophic typhoon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ida, Hideyuki

2000-01-01

In 1991, the catastrophic Typhoon 9119 created many treefall gaps in an old-growth beech (Fagus crenata) forest on Mt. Garyu, southwestern Japan. In a 3.3-ha plot, the density and basal area of fatally damaged trunks (DBH ≥ 20 cm) were 29.1 trunks/ha (16.9% of all pre-typhoon trunks) and 9.1 m 2 /ha. (24.4% of total pre-typhoon basal area), respectively. Many of the dominant beech were lost and larger trunks were damaged. The pre- and post-typhoon DBH distribution both had an inverse J-shape. Spatial distribution of living trunks was not random but clustered irrespective of typhoon damage or DBH size, suggesting that the stand structure of the study plot would be an unusual one as compared with the previous study stands in Japanese beech forests. The death of pre-typhoon trunks, seemed to die standing or to be killed by snap-off, occurred singly; however, the typhoon fatally damaged many clustered trunks at the same time. Uprooting was the most frequent cause of gaps created by the typhoon. The intermediate DBH size class (40 - 70 cm) would be more likely to be uprooted than snapped-off. The DBH distribution of snap-off may reflect the total pre-typhoon trunk distribution. Branch-fall had a flat DBH distribution. Uprooting might have a clustered distribution, while snap-off and branch-fall both had random distributions. The smaller trunks of snap-off and branch-fall seemed to result from injuries caused by the fall of larger trunks

Fungal community in sclerotia of Japanese Beech forest soils in north eastern Japan

Science.gov (United States)

Fathia Amasya, Anzilni; Narisawa, Kazuhiko; Watanabe, Makiko

2014-05-01

Sclerotia are resting structures of ectomycorrhizal fungi and appear as a response to unfavorable environmental conditions such as desiccation. They are hard, black, comparatively smooth and mostly spherical. Sclerotia are formed in rhizosphere and the 14C ages of sclerotia from A horizons of volcanic ash soils may range from modern until ca. 100~1,200 yr B.P. Most sclerotia-forming fungal species are known to be host-specific plant pathogens and therefore their abundance may indicate the presence of their host plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate fungal communities in sclerotia with an interest in describing the existing or may have previously existed host plant community. To investigate fungal community inside of sclerotia by 16S rDNA gene clone library, several hundred of sclerotia (ca. 1g) were collected from Fagus crenata forest soil in north eastern Japan. The rDNA ITS regions were then amplified by the PCR using primer pair ITS-1F/ITS-4. Aliquots of the amplified DNA were digested with restriction endonucleases AluI, Hae III, and HhaI to obtain ITS-RFLPs. To obtain the fungal community profiles a quenching fluorescence primer was used for real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to monitor the PCR amplification and then used for T-RFLP. The predominant group determined by clone library analysis from the sclerotia was Ascomycota: Arthrinium arundinis, which has been reported to be one of the soil fungal species responsible for bamboo degradation and a pathogen for many species belonging to Poaceae family.

Short-term administration of an aqueous extract of kalanchoe integra var. crenata (Andr.) Cuf leaves produces no major organ damage in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Asiedu-Gyekye, Isaac J; Antwi, Daniel A; Awortwe, Charles; N'guessan, Benoit Banga; Nyarko, Alexander K

2014-02-03

Kalanchoe intergra (Ki) leaf extract is an orally administered multipurpose plant medicine in Ghana and other parts of the world for the treatment of ulcers, pain and adenoma of the prostate gland. There is paucity of information concerning its short-term usage. The present study is aimed at conducting histopathological and biochemical studies in a 14-day sub-acute toxicity studies using female Sprague-Dawley rats. Crude extract of Ki leaves was prepared and freeze-dried. A 14-day sub-acute toxicity studies was conducted using 2 week old nulliparous and non-pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats (120-150g). Reconstituted Ki was administered at a dosage of 900mgkg(-1) (high dose), 300mgkg(-1) with a control group receiving an equivalent volume of distilled water (as vehicle) by gastric lavage. Histopathological studies of major organs and blood chemistry analysis were performed on blood obtained via cardiac puncture into EDTA tubes after euthanisation. There was a significant decrease in urea (p<0.016) and creatinine levels (p<0.001) in both the high and low dose groups. There was an increase in ALP levels (P=0.01) in both the high and low dose groups. ALT and AST rather decreased significantly in both the high and low dose groups (p<0.0001). Histopathological results did not show any abnormalities in all the H&E stained paraffin sections. Thus the photomicrographs of the liver, kidney and heart were within histopathological limits. Ki leaf extract is non-toxic when administered by the oral route over a time period of 14 days at the above doses. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved.

Bioreactor systems for tissue engineering II. Strategies for the expansion and directed differentiation of stem cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kasper, Cornelia [Hannover Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Technische Chemie; Griensven, Martijn van [Ludwig Boltzmann Institut fuer Klinische und Experimentelle Traumatologie, Wien (Austria); Poertner, Ralf (eds.) [Technische Univ. Hamburg-Harburg (Germany). Inst. Biotechnologie und Verfahrenstechnik

2010-07-01

Alternative Sources of Adult Stem Cells: Human Amniotic Membrane, by S. Wolbank, M. van Griensven, R. Grillari-Voglauer, and A. Peterbauer-Scherb; - Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Tissues: Primitive Cells with Potential for Clinical and Tissue Engineering Applications, by P. Moretti, T. Hatlapatka, D. Marten, A. Lavrentieva, I. Majore, R. Hass and C. Kasper; - Isolation, Characterization, Differentiation, and Application of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, by J. W. Kuhbier, B. Weyand, C. Radtke, P. M. Vogt, C. Kasper and K. Reimers; - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Characteristics and Perspectives, by T. Cantz and U. Martin; - Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology in Regenerative Medicine and Biology, by D. Pei, J. Xu, Q. Zhuang, H.-F. Tse and M. A. Esteban; - Production Process for Stem Cell Based Therapeutic Implants: Expansion of the Production Cell Line and Cultivation of Encapsulated Cells, by C. Weber, S. Pohl, R. Poertner, P. Pino-Grace, D. Freimark, C. Wallrapp, P. Geigle and P. Czermak; - Cartilage Engineering from Mesenchymal Stem Cells, by C. Goepfert, A. Slobodianski, A.F. Schilling, P. Adamietz and R. Poertner; - Outgrowth Endothelial Cells: Sources, Characteristics and Potential Applications in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, by S. Fuchs, E. Dohle, M. Kolbe, C. J. Kirkpatrick; - Basic Science and Clinical Application of Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine, by I. Ribitsch, J. Burk, U. Delling, C. Geissler, C. Gittel, H. Juelke, W. Brehm; - Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Clinical Application: Harnessing Paracrine Roles and Niche Mechanisms, by R. M. El Backly, R. Cancedda; - Clinical Application of Stem Cells in the Cardiovascular System, C. Stamm, K. Klose, Y.-H. Choi. (orig.)

Experimental conformational energy maps of proteins and peptides.

Science.gov (United States)

Balaji, Govardhan A; Nagendra, H G; Balaji, Vitukudi N; Rao, Shashidhar N

2017-06-01

We have presented an extensive analysis of the peptide backbone dihedral angles in the PDB structures and computed experimental Ramachandran plots for their distributions seen under a various constraints on X-ray resolution, representativeness at different sequence identity percentages, and hydrogen bonding distances. These experimental distributions have been converted into isoenergy contour plots using the approach employed previously by F. M. Pohl. This has led to the identification of energetically favored minima in the Ramachandran (ϕ, ψ) plots in which global minima are predominantly observed either in the right-handed α-helical or the polyproline II regions. Further, we have identified low energy pathways for transitions between various minima in the (ϕ,ψ) plots. We have compared and presented the experimental plots with published theoretical plots obtained from both molecular mechanics and quantum mechanical approaches. In addition, we have developed and employed a root mean square deviation (RMSD) metric for isoenergy contours in various ranges, as a measure (in kcal.mol -1 ) to compare any two plots and determine the extent of correlation and similarity between their isoenergy contours. In general, we observe a greater degree of compatibility with experimental plots for energy maps obtained from molecular mechanics methods compared to most quantum mechanical methods. The experimental energy plots we have investigated could be helpful in refining protein structures obtained from X-ray, NMR, and electron microscopy and in refining force field parameters to enable simulations of peptide and protein structures that have higher degree of consistency with experiments. Proteins 2017; 85:979-1001. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Flora asociada a la actividad melífera en apiarios al sur del departamento del Huila, macizo colombiano

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Gustavo Adolfo Silva Arias

2006-07-01

Se determinaron 135 de las especies como melíferas, la mayoría pertenecientes a las familias Asteraceae, Fabaceae s l y Lamiaceae. Se hallaron 87 especies melíferas en La Argentina, 57 en Palestina y 43 en Pitalito. Seis de las especies melíferas encontradas se establecieron como las más importantes por presentar los mayores índices de importancia ecológica (Saurauia aromatica, Cuphea micrantha, Bidens pilosa, Baccharis nitida, Coffea arabica y Cedrela sp.. Adicionalmente se consideran como especies importantes de la flora melífera a Toxicodendron striatum, Viburnum cornifolium, Vismia baccifera, Hyptis pseudosinuata, Austroeupatorium inulaefolium e Inga cocleensis, que a diferencia de las anteriores presentan índices de importancia más bajos pero están presentes en las tres localidades muestreadas y poseen un amplio espectro de hábitats. Se presenta un catálogo digital con fotos de alta resolución de 109 especies, correspondientes a 44 familias, de los cuales 61 especies hacen parte de la flora melífera reconocida. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán escoger especies melíferas de mayor importancia para iniciar trabajos de calendarios florales y ofertas de néctar, además de proponer el manejo de especies poco comunes que además de poseer importancia melífera pueden generar otros beneficios ecológicos y financieros. Este trabajo junto con la caracterización de la vegetación de las mismas zonas, permitirán establecer la capacidad de carga apícola de acuerdo a la oferta ambiental de la zona.

Review: Ingrid Miethe, Claudia Kajatin & Jana Pohl (Eds. (2004. Geschlechterkonstruktionen in Ost und West. Biografische Perspektiven [Gender Constructions in East and West. Biographical Perspectives

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Nicola Döring

2006-03-01

Full Text Available This reader contains analyses of gender constructions in East and West Germany from biographical perspectives. It is based on narrative interviews with women and men living in the former East and West. By means of case reconstructions and case comparisons the authors reveal how individuals deal actively with specific societal gender roles. Historical differences between women's movement and feminism in East Germany versus West Germany are knowledgeably described. The book offers a very complex and multilayered theoretical and empirical construction of gender in its diverse dimensions, but men's biographies and men's studies remain marginalized. Men's movements as well as the gay rights movement are blind spots. The gendering of work and the context of European unification are emphasized. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0602353

Chemical constituents of the stem bark of Vochysia thyrsoidea Pohl. (Vochysiaceae) and evaluation of their cytotoxicity and inhibitory activity against cathepsins B and K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sousa, Lorena Ramos Freitas de; Silva, Jame's A. da; Vieira, Paulo Cezar; Costa, Maisa Borges; Santos, Mirley Luciene dos; Menezes, Antonio Carlos Severo; Sbardelotto, Aline Borba; Pessoa, Claudia do O; Moraes, Manoel Odorico de

2014-01-01

A new flavonoid, catechin-3-O-(3 - O-trans-cinnamoyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside, along with known compounds, catechin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, 3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzoic acid, 2-butyl-D-fructofuranoside and 1-butyl-D-fructofuranoside, has been isolated from the stem bark of V. thyrsoidea. These compounds were assayed for inhibition of protease activity (cathepsins B and K) and against cancer cell lines. Catechin-3-O-(3 - O-trans-cinnamoyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside showed moderate inhibitory activity (IC 50 = 62.02 µM) against cathepsin B while 2-butyl-D-fructofuranoside was the most potent against a strain of CNS (SF-295) and human leukemia (HL-60) with IC 50 = 36.80 μM and IC 50 = 25.37 μM, respectively (author)

Mean Platelet Volume, Red Cell Distribution Width to Platelet Count Ratio, Globulin Platelet Index, and 16 Other Indirect Noninvasive Fibrosis Scores: How Much Do Routine Blood Tests Tell About Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C?

Science.gov (United States)

Thandassery, Ragesh B; Al Kaabi, Saad; Soofi, Madiha E; Mohiuddin, Syed A; John, Anil K; Al Mohannadi, Muneera; Al Ejji, Khalid; Yakoob, Rafie; Derbala, Moutaz F; Wani, Hamidullah; Sharma, Manik; Al Dweik, Nazeeh; Butt, Mohammed T; Kamel, Yasser M; Sultan, Khaleel; Pasic, Fuad; Singh, Rajvir

2016-07-01

Many indirect noninvasive scores to predict liver fibrosis are calculated from routine blood investigations. Only limited studies have compared their efficacy head to head. We aimed to compare these scores with liver biopsy fibrosis stages in patients with chronic hepatitis C. From blood investigations of 1602 patients with chronic hepatitis C who underwent a liver biopsy before initiation of antiviral treatment, 19 simple noninvasive scores were calculated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves and diagnostic accuracy of each of these scores were calculated (with reference to the Scheuer staging) and compared. The mean age of the patients was 41.8±9.6 years (1365 men). The most common genotype was genotype 4 (65.6%). Significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis were seen in 65.1%, 25.6, and 6.6% of patients, respectively. All the scores except the aspartate transaminase (AST) alanine transaminase ratio, Pohl score, mean platelet volume, fibro-alpha, and red cell distribution width to platelet count ratio index showed high predictive accuracy for the stages of fibrosis. King's score (cutoff, 17.5) showed the highest predictive accuracy for significant and advanced fibrosis. King's score, Göteborg university cirrhosis index, APRI (the AST/platelet count ratio index), and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) had the highest predictive accuracy for cirrhosis, with the APRI (cutoff, 2) and FIB-4 (cutoff, 3.25) showing the highest diagnostic accuracy.We derived the study score 8.5 - 0.2(albumin, g/dL) +0.01(AST, IU/L) -0.02(platelet count, 10/L), which at a cutoff of >4.7 had a predictive accuracy of 0.868 (95% confidence interval, 0.833-0.904) for cirrhosis. King's score for significant and advanced fibrosis and the APRI or FIB-4 score for cirrhosis could be the best simple indirect noninvasive scores.

Integrating surrogate models into subsurface simulation framework allows computation of complex reactive transport scenarios

Science.gov (United States)

De Lucia, Marco; Kempka, Thomas; Jatnieks, Janis; Kühn, Michael

2017-04-01

Reactive transport simulations - where geochemical reactions are coupled with hydrodynamic transport of reactants - are extremely time consuming and suffer from significant numerical issues. Given the high uncertainties inherently associated with the geochemical models, which also constitute the major computational bottleneck, such requirements may seem inappropriate and probably constitute the main limitation for their wide application. A promising way to ease and speed-up such coupled simulations is achievable employing statistical surrogates instead of "full-physics" geochemical models [1]. Data-driven surrogates are reduced models obtained on a set of pre-calculated "full physics" simulations, capturing their principal features while being extremely fast to compute. Model reduction of course comes at price of a precision loss; however, this appears justified in presence of large uncertainties regarding the parametrization of geochemical processes. This contribution illustrates the integration of surrogates into the flexible simulation framework currently being developed by the authors' research group [2]. The high level language of choice for obtaining and dealing with surrogate models is R, which profits from state-of-the-art methods for statistical analysis of large simulations ensembles. A stand-alone advective mass transport module was furthermore developed in order to add such capability to any multiphase finite volume hydrodynamic simulator within the simulation framework. We present 2D and 3D case studies benchmarking the performance of surrogates and "full physics" chemistry in scenarios pertaining the assessment of geological subsurface utilization. [1] Jatnieks, J., De Lucia, M., Dransch, D., Sips, M.: "Data-driven surrogate model approach for improving the performance of reactive transport simulations.", Energy Procedia 97, 2016, p. 447-453. [2] Kempka, T., Nakaten, B., De Lucia, M., Nakaten, N., Otto, C., Pohl, M., Chabab [Tillner], E., Kühn, M

Perfil cualitativo de metabolitos secundarios en la fracción comestible de especies leñosas seleccionadas por vacunos en un bosque semicaducifolio

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Á Ojeda

Full Text Available Con el fin de caracterizar cualitativamente el perfil de metabolitos secundarios de la fracción comestible de plantas leñosas seleccionadas por vacunos en silvopastoreo, las cuales se encuentran en un bosque tropófilo semicaducifolio de Venezuela, se utilizaron 14 vacunos machos Brahman x Holstein de 390,4 ± 18,0 kg de PV. Estos fueron manejados en pastoreo continuo en una superficie de 81 ha, de las cuales 50 ha correspondían a un bosque semicaducifolio y el resto, a vegetación herbácea natural (Cynodon nlemfuensis, Sporobolus indicus, Axonopus sp., Mimosa pudica e Hyptis suaveolens. La composición de la biomasa leñosa seleccionada por los animales se estudió mediante la evaluación de los fragmentos epidérmicos presentes en las heces colectadas por vía transrectal, cada 15 días. A partir de estos resultados, se tomaron muestras de cinco plantas por especie leñosa, en los periodos seco y lluvioso. Se determinaron 15 grupos de metabolitos: alcaloides, á-aminos, carbohidratos solubles, cardenólidos, cianógenos, esteroles, fenoles totales, flavonoides, lectinas, mucílagos, quinonas, saponinas, taninos extractables (totales y condensados y terpenoides. La mayoría de la biomasa correspondió a especies de la familia Fabaceae, las cuales presentaron todos los metabolitos evaluados. En ambos periodos se detectaron niveles de esteroles, terpenoides, fenoles totales y taninos extractables que variaron desde leves hasta cuantiosos. Con independencia del periodo, el 66,7 % de las especies presentó entre 10-11 metabolitos secundarios en su biomasa comestible. Se recomienda realizar estudios para la cuantificación de los metabolitos secundarios presentes en plantas leñosas de valor forrajero, para este sistema silvopastoril

Susceptibility of MED-Q1 and MED-Q3 Biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Populations to Essential and Seed Oils.

Science.gov (United States)

Samuel Fogné, Drabo; Olivier, Gnankine; Bassolé, Imael H N; Nébié, Roger Charles; Laurence, Mouton

2017-06-01

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major pest of many agricultural and ornamental crops in tropical and subtropical regions causing damages that result in important economic losses. Insecticides are commonly used in greenhouses or fields to control B. tabaci populations leading to rapid evolution of resistance that render treatments inefficient. Therefore, and for environmental and human health concerns, other approaches must be developed for this pest management. In the present study, we compare, using the leaf dip method, the toxicity of three essential oils (Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum americanum, and Hyptis spicigera) and three seed oils (Lannea microcarpa, Lannea acida, and Carapa procera) with three chemical insecticides (acetamiprid, deltamethrin, and chlorpyrifos-ethyl) on adults. Two B. tabaci biotypes (MED-Q1 and MED-Q3) belonging to the Mediterranean species and collected in Burkina Faso were used. Essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. We showed that these two biotypes have different levels of resistance to the three insecticides, MED-Q3 being more sensitive than MED-Q1. Moreover, they differ in the frequency of resistance alleles to insecticides, especially for organophosphates, as these alleles are almost fixed in MED-Q1. On the other hand, the two biotypes prove to be more susceptible to the plant extracts than to insecticides except for chlorpyrifos-ethyl, with essential oils that showed the highest insecticidal activities. Monoterpenes content were the most abundant and showed the highest insecticidal activities. Our results indicated that essential oils, but also seed oils, have the potential to constitute an alternative strategy of pest management. © The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Actividad repelente de aceites esenciales contra las picaduras de Lutzomyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae

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Elsa Nieves

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Los repelentes naturales de extractos de plantas han mostrado eficacia contra diferentes especies de insectos. El presente estudio evaluó la acción repelente de aceites esenciales extraídos de ocho especies de plantas contra las picaduras de Lutzomyia migonei, vector de Leishmania. Los aceites esenciales se obtuvieron por hidrodestilación, utilizando una trampa de Clevenger, a partir de Hyptis suaveolens, Pimenta racemosa, Piper marginatum, Monticalia imbricatifolia, Pseudognaphalium caeruleocanum, Espeletia shultzii, Plectranthus amboinicus y Cinnamomun zeylanicum. Los ensayos de repelencia se realizaron sobre humanos en condiciones de laboratorio, frente a hembras de L. migonei provenientes de colonia, utilizando el método de la mano en la jaula. Los aceites con efecto repelente también se ensayaron con distintos voluntarios y concentraciones. Se determinó el porcentaje de protección y el tiempo de protección. Los resultados revelaron que el aceite de P. caeruleocanum y C. zeylanicum fueron los más efectivos. El aceite de P. amboinicus presentó efecto de repelencia satisfactorio, sin embargo, ocasionó picazón y toxicidad en la piel. Los aceites de P. marginatum, H. suaveolens y P. racemosa no evidenciaron efecto repelente; el resto de los aceites presentaron repelencia significativa en grado variable. Los aceites de P. caeruleocanum y C. zeylanicum mostraron un 95% de protección de 3h contra las picaduras de L. migonei. El aceite de P. caeruleocanum presentó el mayor tiempo de protección, de más de 4h y de 2h en concentraciones de 50% y 10%, respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que el aceite P. caeruleocanum podría ser un potencial candidato como repelente natural contra la picadura de dípteros posibles transmisores de Leishmania.

Screening of some weeds for larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus, a vector of dengue and chikungunya.

Science.gov (United States)

Yadav, R; Tikar, S N; Sharma, A K; Tyagi, V; Sukumaran, D; Jain, A K; Veer, V

2015-03-01

Screening of crude extracts of plants facilitates the establishment of highly effective extract for mosquito control. This practice should be preferred before in depth study of plant extracts rather than spending much efforts and energy in detailed examinations for practically ineffective extracts. In this study, leaf powders of four weed plants were used for the quick screening of effective plant extract as larvicide against III instar larvae of Aedes albopictus Skuse. At the same time, effect of different seasons on the larvicidal efficacy of plants and selection of proper solvents for further investigation were also studied. Leaves of Vernonia cinerea, Prosopis juliflora, Hyptis suaveolens and Malvastrum coromandelianum plants were collected in summer, winter and rainy seasons from Madhya Pradesh region (India). To assess the larvicidal efficacy the suspensions of leaf powders in different solvents (isopropanol, methanol, acetone, dimethylsulfoxide and water) were used for larvicidal bioassay. The mortality counts were made after 24 h and the LC50 and LC90 values were calculated. Results showed that leaf powder of V. cinerea in acetone collected during summer showed highest efficacy with LC50 value of 0.22 g/l and LC90 of 0.96 g/l followed by methanolic solution of P. juliflora with LC50 of 0.44 g/l and LC90 value as 1.85 g/l. Amongst all solvents, leaf powder in acetone; while among seasons, summer collected plant materials were found to be more effective larvicides as compared to others. Summer and winter collected leaves of V. cinerea and P. juliflora dissolved in the solvents of medium polarity range showed significant larval toxicity and thus suggests a detailed study on these plants as potential larval control agents.

Snakebites and ethnobotany in the northwest region of Colombia. Part III: neutralization of the haemorrhagic effect of Bothrops atrox venom.

Science.gov (United States)

Otero, R; Núñez, V; Barona, J; Fonnegra, R; Jiménez, S L; Osorio, R G; Saldarriaga, M; Díaz, A

2000-11-01

Thirty-one of 75 extracts of plants used by traditional healers for snakebites, had moderate or high neutralizing ability against the haemorrhagic effect of Bothrops atrox venom from Antioquia and Chocó, north-western Colombia. After preincubation of several doses of every extract (7.8-4000 microg/mouse) with six minimum haemorrhagic doses (10 microg) of venom, 12 of them demonstrated 100% neutralizing capacity when the mixture was i.d. injected into mice (18-20 g). These were the stem barks of Brownea rosademonte (Caesalpiniaceae) and Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae); the whole plants of Pleopeltis percussa (Polypodiaceae), Trichomanes elegans (Hymenophyllaceae) and Senna dariensis (Caesalpiniaceae); rhizomes of Heliconia curtispatha (Heliconiaceae); leaves and branches of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae), Philodendron tripartitum (Araceae), Struthanthus orbicularis (Loranthaceae) and Gonzalagunia panamensis (Rubiaceae); the ripe fruits of Citrus limon (Rutaceae); leaves, branches and stem of Ficus nymphaeifolia (Moraceae). Extracts of another 19 species showed moderate neutralization (21-72%) at doses up to 4 mg/mouse, e.g. the whole plants of Aristolochia grandiflora (Aristolochiaceae), Columnea kalbreyeriana (Gesneriaceae), Sida acuta (Malvaceae), Selaginella articulata (Selaginellaceae) and Pseudoelephantopus spicatus (Asteraceae); rhizomes of Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae); the stem of Strychnos xinguensis (Loganiaceae); leaves, branches and stems of Hyptis capitata (Lamiaceae), Ipomoea cairica (Convolvulaceae), Neurolaena lobata (Asteraceae), Ocimum micranthum (Lamiaceae), Piper pulchrum (Piperaceae), Siparuna thecaphora (Monimiaceae), Castilla elastica (Moraceae) and Allamanda cathartica (Apocynaceae); the macerated ripe fruits of Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae); the unripe fruits of Crescentia cujete (Bignoniaceae); leaves and branches of Piper arboreum (Piperaceae) and Passiflora quadrangularis (Passifloraceae). When the extracts were independently administered

The improvement of the quality of polluted irrigation water through a phytoremediation process in a hydroponic batch culture system

Science.gov (United States)

Retnaningdyah, Catur

2017-11-01

The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of a phytoremediation process using some local hydro macrophytes to reduce fertilizer residue in irrigation water in order to support healthy agriculture and to prevent eutrophication and algae bloom in water. A phytoremediation process was carried out in a hydroponic floating system by using transparent plastic bags of 1 m in diameter and 1 m in height that were placed in collecting ponds before they were used for agricultural activities. Paddy soils were used as substrates in this system. The irrigation water was treated with nutrient enrichment (Urea and SP-36 fertilizers). Then, the system was planted with remediation actors (Azolla sp., Ipomoea aquatica, Limnocharis flava, Marsilea crenata, polyculture of those hydro macrophytes and control). The improvement of the water quality as a result of the phytoremediation process was characterized by a decline in the concentration of some physicochemical parameters, which were measured at 7 days after incubation, as well as an increase in the plankton diversity index value. The results showed that all of the hydro macrophytes used in this research, which was grown in the hydroponic batch culture system for a period of 7 days, were able to significantly improve the irrigation water quality, which was enriched by the synthetic fertilizers Urea and SP36. This was reflected by a significant decrease in the concentration of water TSS, nitrate, BOD, COD and total phosphate and an increase in the value of water DO at 7 days after incubation. Improvement of the water quality is also reflected in the increasing plankton diversity index value as a bioindicator of water pollution indicating a change in the pollution status from moderately polluted to slightly polluted at 7 days after incubation.

Early-stage changes in natural (13)C and (15)N abundance and nutrient dynamics during different litter decomposition.

Science.gov (United States)

Gautam, Mukesh Kumar; Lee, Kwang-Sik; Song, Byeong-Yeol; Lee, Dongho; Bong, Yeon-Sik

2016-05-01

Decomposition, nutrient, and isotopic (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) dynamics during 1 year were studied for leaf and twig litters of Pinus densiflora, Castanea crenata, Erigeron annuus, and Miscanthus sinensis growing on a highly weathered soil with constrained nutrient supply using litterbags in a cool temperate region of South Korea. Decay constant (k/year) ranged from 0.58 to 1.29/year, and mass loss ranged from 22.36 to 58.43 % among litter types. The results demonstrate that mass loss and nutrient dynamics of decomposing litter were influenced by the seasonality of mineralization and immobilization processes. In general, most nutrients exhibited alternate phases of rapid mineralization followed by gradual immobilization, except K, which was released throughout the field incubation. At the end of study, among all the nutrients only N and P showed net immobilization. Mobility of different nutrients from decomposing litter as the percentage of initial litter nutrient concentration was in the order of K > Mg > Ca > N ≈ P. The δ(13)C (0.32-6.70 ‰) and δ(15)N (0.74-3.90 ‰) values of residual litters showed nonlinear increase and decrease, respectively compared to initial isotopic values during decomposition. Litter of different functional types and chemical quality converged toward a conservative nutrient use strategy through mechanisms of slow decomposition and slow nutrient mobilization. Our results indicate that litter quality and season, are the most important regulators of litter decomposition in these forests. The results revealed significant relationships between litter decomposition rates and N, C:N ratio and P, and seasonality (temperature). These results and the convergence of different litters towards conservative nutrient use in these nutrient constrained ecosystems imply optimization of litter management because litter removal can have cascading effects on litter decomposition and nutrient availability in these systems.

Sistema reprodutivo e polinização de Lepidagathis sessilifolia (Pohl Kameyama ex Wassh. & J.R.I. Wood (Acanthaceae, em remanescente florestal da região sudoeste de Mato Grosso, Brasil Breeding system and pollination of Lepidagathis sessilifolia (Pohl Kameyama Wassh ex. & J.R.I.Wood (Acanthaceae in remnant forest in the southwest region of Mato Grosso, Brazil

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Celice Alexandre Silva

2012-09-01

Full Text Available O gênero Lepidagathis apresenta distribuição pantropical com cerca de 100 espécies. No Brasil ocorrem 16 espécies, a maioria nas regiões Centro - Oeste e Sudeste. O estudo foi realizado em sub - bosque de remanescente florestal do município de Tangará da Serra - MT e teve como objetivo analisar a fenologia de floração, descrever a morfologia e biologia floral, verificar os visitantes florais e avaliar o sistema e o sucesso reprodutivo por meio de polinizações manuais. Lepidagathis sessilifolia apresenta inflorescências espiciformes, terminais, com cálice de cor rósea vistosa e corola de coloração branco-rósea. A floração ficou restrita aos meses de março a abril, durante a estação chuvosa. A senescência floral ocorreu após 24 ou 48 horas. A viabilidade dos grãos de pólen foi elevada (92,5%. O único polinizador observado visitando as flores de L. sessilifolia foi a abelha Partamona nhambiquara (Apidae - Meliponini. O sistema reprodutivo misto da espécie é caracterizado pela formação de frutos por meio de agamospermia, autopolinização e polinização cruzada. Esse sistema reprodutivo flexível é vantajoso, pois, garante a manutenção da espécie na área de estudo mesmo na ausência de polinizadores.The genus Lepidagathis has pantropical distribution and about 100 species, 16 occurring in Brazil, mostly in the Midwest and Southeast regions. The research was carried out to evaluate in the understory of a forest remnant in Tangará da Serra County - MT to examine the flowering phenology, describe the floral morphology and biology and verify the floral visitors to evaluate the system and reproductive success through hand pollination tests. Lepidagathis sessilifolia shows spiciform and terminal inflorescence with calyx of pink color and corolla whitish-pink. Flowering was restricted from March to April, during the rainy season. Floral senescence occurred after 24 or 48 hours. The viability of pollen grains was high (92.5%. The effective pollinator of L. sessilifolia was Partamona nhambiquara (Apidae - Meliponini. The mixed mating system of the species is characterized by the formation of fruits by agamospermy, self and cross-pollination, spontaneous self-pollination, agamospermy and outcrossing. This flexible reproductive system is advantageous because it ensures the maintenance of species in the study area even in the absence of pollinators.

Pohledávky a závazky ve světově uznávaných účetních systémech

OpenAIRE

Jíra, Zdeněk

2009-01-01

This master's thesis is focused on financial receivables and liabilities under IFRS. The first chapter characterizes financial receivables in IFRS and describes actual IASB projects in this area. The second chapter is devoted to factoring and derecognition theory, which was analyzed on various types of factoring receivables. The third chapter deals with financial instruments with characteristics of equity, where actual IASB project is presented. The fourth part is focused on fair value option...

Contribution to the characteristic of Cladium mariscus (L. Pohl population in the initial zone of floating mat on an oligo-humotrophic lake in north-eastern Poland

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Anna Namura-Ochalska

2011-01-01

Full Text Available In the initial phase of growth in an oligo-humotrophic lake, Cladium mariscus forms a dense and tall sawgrass bed invading the open water in the form of a floating mat. High densities of submerged evergreen perennial stems of C. mariscus, over two metres high and abundantly fruiting, ensure its persistence, and form a natural barrier to the invasion of other species. Dense mats of sawgrass are formed as a result of clonal and rhizome growth. Although diaspore production is abundant under natural conditions, only vegetative propagation of stems was observed. In different variants of the experiment only seeds wintering on stems of mother plants were capable of germinating. Hard seed coats had an important effect on the germination capacity of seeds.

Pohled laiků, lékařů a pacientů na novou metodu léčby achalázie (POEM) - dotazníková studie

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Walterová, B.; Doležel, R.; Ryska, O.; Juhásová, Jana; Juhás, Štefan; Stefanová, M.; Špičák, J.; Martínek, J.

2014-01-01

Roč. 68, č. 4 (2014), s. 288-293 ISSN 1804-7874 Institutional support: RVO:67985904 Keywords : esophageal achalasia * peroral endoscopic myotomy * laparoscopic myotomy Subject RIV: FP - Other Medical Disciplines

Terrestrial arthropods from tree canopies in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil

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Marinêz Isaac Marques

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Terrestrial arthropods from tree canopies in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This study represents a contribution to the knowledge of the diversity of arthropods associated to the canopy of Vochysia divergens Pohl (Vochysiaceae. Three trees individuals were sampled during two seasonal periods in this region: a by spraying one tree canopy during high water (February; b by fogging two tree canopies during low water (September/October. The 15,744 arthropods (183.2±38.9 individuals/m² obtained from all three trees (86 m² represented 20 taxonomic orders, 87.1% were Insecta, and 12.9% Arachnida. The dominant groups were Hymenoptera (48.5%; 88.9 individuals/m², mostly Formicidae (44.5%; 81.4 individuals/m², followed by Coleoptera (14.0%; 25.5 individuals/m² and Araneae (10.2%; 19.5 individuals/m², together representing 62.5% of the total catch. Fourteen (70% of all orders occurred on three trees. Dermaptera, Isoptera, Neuroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera and Trichoptera were collected from only one tree. Of the total, 2,197 adult Coleoptera collected (25.5±11.3 individuals/m², 99% were assigned to 32 families and 256 morphospecies. Nitidulidae (17.9% of the total catch; 4.6 individuals/m², Anobiidae (16.7%; 4.3 individuals/m², Curculionidae (13.2%; 3.4 individuals/m² and Meloidae (11.4%; 2.9 individuals/m² dominated. The communitiy of adult Coleoptera on V. divergens indicated a dominance of herbivores (37.8% of the total catch, 127 spp. and predators (35.2%, 82 spp., followed by saprophages (16.2%, 32 spp. and fungivores (10.8%, 15 spp.. The influence of the flood pulse on the community of arboreal arthropods in V. divergens is indicated by the seasonal variation in evaluated groups, causing changes in their structure and composition.Artrópodes terrestres associados a copas de árvores no Pantanal de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Este estudo representa uma contribuição ao conhecimento da diversidade de artrópodes associados à copa de Vochysia

Dynamics of mangrove-marsh ecotones in subtropical coastal wetlands: fire, sea-level rise, and water levels

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Thomas J.; Foster, Ann M.; Tiling-Range, Ginger; Jones, John W.

2013-01-01

Ecotones are areas of sharp environmental gradients between two or more homogeneous vegetation types. They are a dynamic aspect of all landscapes and are also responsive to climate change. Shifts in the position of an ecotone across a landscape can be an indication of a changing environment. In the coastal Everglades of Florida, USA, a dominant ecotone type is that of mangrove forest and marsh. However, there is a variety of plants that can form the marsh component, including sawgrass (Cladium mariscus [L.] Pohl), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus Scheele), and spikerush (Eleocharis spp.). Environmental factors including water depth, soil type, and occurrence of fires vary across these ecotones, influencing their dynamics. Altered freshwater inflows from upstream and increasing sea level over the past 100 years may have also had an impact. We analyzed a time series of historical aerial photographs for a number of sites in the coastal Everglades and measured change in position of mangrove–marsh ecotones. For three sites, detailed maps were produced and the area of marsh, mangrove, and other habitats was determined for five periods spanning the years 1928 to 2004. Contrary to our initial hypothesis on fire, we found that fire did not prevent mangrove expansion into marsh areas but may in fact assist mangroves to invade some marsh habitats, especially sawgrass. Disparate patterns in mangrove–marsh change were measured at two downstream sites, both of which had multiple fires over from 1948 to 2004. No change in mangrove or marsh area was measured at one site. Mangrove area increased and marsh area decreased at the second of these fire-impacted sites. We measured a significant increase in mangrove area and a decline in marsh area at an upstream site that had little occurrence of fire. At this site, water levels have increased significantly as sea level has risen, and this has probably been a factor in the mangrove expansion.

Teores de Carbono Orgânico de Seis Espécies Naturais do Ecossistema da Floresta Ombrófi la Mista / Organic Carbon Contents in Six Native Species in the Araucaria Forest Ecosystem

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Karla Simone Weber

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Muitas vezes o estoque de carbono de uma floresta é estimado com a aplicação de equações matemáticas que utilizam os teores de carbono para um determinado grupo de espécies. No entanto, isto só é possível se não houver diferenças significativas entre os teores de carbono destas espécies. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho visa analisar estatisticamente os teores de carbono de seis espécies nativas da Floresta Ombrófila Mista, na região sul do estado do Paraná. Foram feitas análises de variância entre os teores de carbono das espécies Myrsine ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav. Spreng. (capororoca, Ocotea porosa (Nees L. Barroso (imbuia, Mimosa scabrella Benth. (bracatinga, Styrax leprosus Hook & Arn. (carne-de-vaca, Symplocos unifl ora (Pohl Benth. (mariamole e Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. (erva-mate para verificar se existe variação estatisticamente significativa entre espécies, entre as mesmas partes (casca, fuste, folhagem, galho vivo, galho morto e miscelânea de diferentes espécies e entre diferentes partes da mesma espécie. Os resultados revelam que a folhagem de Styrax leprosus foi à única que se diferenciou das demais, pois possui um baixo teor de carbono. Em todas as outras partes não houve diferenças em função da espécie. A análise entre partes da mesma espécie, revelou que existem padrões diferentes para cada espécie, mas que a porção folhagem sempre concentra os maiores teores de carbono. Desconsiderando a separação em diferentes partes, não houve diferença estatística entre os teores de carbono quando comparados os valores médios de cada espécie.

Vznik a vývoj historické události - Historicko-antropologický pohled na problematiku dějin zámořských objevů.

OpenAIRE

Szarowská, Markéta

2015-01-01

The present master's thesis with the title "Rise and Development of a Historical Event - Historico-Anthropological View of the History of Overseas Discoveries" discusses the rise and development of a historical event through the sociocultural point of view. It discusses how the sociocultural peculiarities of the society at that time influenced the shaping of events that later became an important historical account from the historians' perspective. One of the substantial methodological resourc...

Čínské antimonopolní právo ve světle soutěžního práva Evropské unie: komparativní pohled

OpenAIRE

Dufková, Barbara

2016-01-01

Chinese Antimonopoly Law in the Light of Competition Law of the European Union: Comparative Perspective. The subject of the thesis is the comparative analysis of Chinese antimonopoly law and competition law of the EU. The thesis aims to identify the traces of the competition law of the EU in Chinese antimonopoly law as well as analyze transplanted legal concepts, in order to determine, whether these concepts are endowed with the same normative reach. The first part of the thesis provides brie...

Zajištění a vymáhání pohledávek z obchodně-právních vztahů

OpenAIRE

Geržová, Pavla

2012-01-01

The thesis deals with the debt security and recovery from business relations. The main purpose was to explain the issue of debts, to compare classic judicial proceedings with arbitration and to analyse particular legal cases of the company XY in terms of security and recovery. The result is the evaluation of company's legal steps and efficiency of used security instruments, the summary of advantages and disadvantages of the arbitration and the overview of the most frequent practical problems ...

Using combined measurements for comparison of light induction of stomatal conductance, electron transport rate and CO2 fixation in woody and fern species adapted to different light regimes.

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, Shau-Lian; Chen, Chung-Wei; Huang, Hsien-Wen; Weng, Jen-Hsien

2012-05-01

We aimed to understand the relation of photosynthetic rate (A) with g(s) and electron transport rate (ETR) in species of great taxonomic range and light adaptation capability during photosynthetic light induction. We studied three woody species (Alnus formosana, Ardisia crenata and Ardisia cornudentata) and four fern species (Pyrrosia lingus, Asplenium antiquum, Diplazium donianum and Archangiopteris somai) with different light adaptation capabilities. Pot-grown materials received 100 and/or 10% sunlight according to their light adaptation capabilities. At least 4 months after light acclimation, CO(2) and H(2)O exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured simultaneously by equipment in the laboratory. In plants adapted or acclimated to low light, dark-adapted leaves exposed to 500 or 2000 µmol m(-2) s(-1) photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) for 30 min showed low gross photosynthetic rate (P(g)) and short time required to reach 90% of maximum P(g) (). At the initiation of illumination, two broad-leaved understory shrubs and the four ferns, especially ferns adapted to heavy shade, showed higher stomatal conductance (g(s)) than pioneer tree species; materials with higher g(s) had short at both 500 and 2000 µmol m(-2) s(-1) PPF. With 500 or 2000 µmol m(-2) s(-1) PPF, the g(s) for the three woody species increased from 2 to 30 min after the start of illumination, but little change in the g(s) of the four ferns. Thus, P(g) and g(s) were not correlated for all material measured at the same PPF and induction time. However, P(g) was positively correlated with ETR, even though CO(2) assimilation may be influenced by stomatal, biochemical and photoinhibitory limitations. In addition, was closely related to time required to reach 90% maximal ETR for all materials and with two levels of PPF combined. Thus, ETR is a good indicator for estimating the light induction of photosynthetic rate of species, across a wide taxonomic range and light adaptation and acclimation

Recognition of root exudates by seeds of broomrape (Orobanche and Phelipanche) species

Science.gov (United States)

Fernández-Aparicio, M.; Flores, F.; Rubiales, D.

2009-01-01

Background and Aims The long co-existence of broomrapes and their hosts within the same environment has culminated in a strong adaptation and effective parasitism. As a first step of specialization in the parasitic process, seed receptors of parasitic plant species vary in their ability to recognize compounds released by their hosts. This work aims to investigate potential patterns for the reception requirements needed to activate germination within Orobanche and Phelipanche species. Methods Induction of the germination of seeds of nine Orobanche and Pheliphanche species by root exudates of 41 plant species was studied and subjected to biplot multivariate analysis. Key Results A high level of specialization in root exudate recognition was found in Orobanche densiflora, O. gracilis and O. hederae, which germinated almost exclusively in contact with root exudates from the plants they infect in nature. At the opposite extreme, Phelipanche aegyptiaca, P. ramosa and O. minor were highly generalist, germinating when in contact with the root exudates of most plant species. Orobanche crenata, O. cumana and O. foetida showed intermediate behaviour. Conclusions A universal germination stimulant for all broomrape species has not being identified to date. The synthetic stimulant GR24 is active against most of the weedy broomrape species, but fails with the non-weedy species tested in this study and with the very recent weedy species O. foetida. In addition, germination behaviour of broomrape species depends on the crop plant tested. Weedy broomrapes with a broad host spectrum respond better to the different exudates released by a wide range of crops and wild species than do non-weedy broomrapes, which have a narrow host spectrum and are more restricted to their host range. Root exudates of many plant species were active in stimulating germination of seeds of Orobanche and Phelipanche species for which they are not described as hosts, representing interesting examples of

Faba Greens, Globe Artichoke’s Offshoots, Crenate Broomrape and Summer Squash Greens: Unconventional Vegetables of Puglia (Southern Italy With Good Quality Traits

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Massimiliano Renna

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. [L.] scolymus Hayek, summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L. and faba bean (Vicia faba L. are widely cultivated for their immature inflorescences, fruits and seeds, respectively. Nevertheless, in some areas of Puglia (Southern Italy, other organs of these species are traditionally used as vegetables, instead of being considered as by-products. Offshoots (so-called cardoni or carducci of globe artichoke, produced during the vegetative growing cycle and removed by common cultural procedures, are used like to the cultivated cardoons (C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC. The stems, petioles, flowers and smaller leaves of summer squash are used as greens (so-called cime di zucchini, like other leafy vegetables such as chicory (Cichorium intybus L. and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.. Also the plant apex of faba bean, about 5–10 cm long, obtained from the green pruning, are used as greens (so-called cime di fava like spinach leaves. Moreover, crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forssk., a root parasite plant that produces devastating effects on many crops (mostly legumes, is used like asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L. to prepare several traditional dishes. In this study ethnobotanical surveys and quality assessment of these unconventional vegetables were performed. For their content of fiber, offshoots of globe artichokes can be considered a useful food to bowel. Summer squash greens could be recommended as a vegetable to use especially in the case of hypoglycemic diets considering both content and composition of their carbohydrates. For their low content of nitrate, faba greens could be recommended as a substitute of nitrate-rich leafy vegetables. Crenate broomrape shows a high antioxidant activity and may be considered as a very nutritious agri-food product. Overall, the results of the present study indicate that offshoots of globe artichoke, summer squash greens, faba greens and crenate broomrape have good

Geopolitický pohled na členství Gruzie v NATO : Analýza gruzínské připravenosti a strategických zájmů NATO

OpenAIRE

Kufčák, Jakub

2012-01-01

This bachelor thesis addresses the issue of Georgian NATO membership and its strategic and geopolitical importance for NATO between 2003 and 2008. This thesis focuses in the first place on the question to what extend did Georgia fulfil Alliance's membership requirements. The aim of this section is to demonstrate that the reasoning behind NATO's refusal to award Georgia with Membership Action Plan cannot be objectively justified by Georgia's failure to meet the criteria but is to be derived fr...

Levantamento etnobotânico de plantas utilizadas como anti-hiperlipidêmicas e anorexígenas pela população de Nova Xavantina-MT, Brasil

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Marcondes Alves B. da Silva

Full Text Available O presente trabalho verificou a utilização de plantas medicinais encontradas no Cerrado mato-grossense para o tratamento de hiperlipidemias e obesidade. Entrevistas com 180 pessoas acima de 50 anos foram realizadas em Nova Xavantina-MT. O questionário abordou nome popular, parte utilizada, forma de preparo e uso das espécies citadas, além de informações gerais sobre o uso de plantas. As dez plantas mais citadas foram coletadas, identificadas e estudadas por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. A maioria dos entrevistados (95,6% declarou utilizar plantas medicinais regularmente, sendo que 71,5% deles herdaram o conhecimento sobre plantas dos pais e avós e 94,20% relataram aconselhar o uso aos mais jovens. Além disso, 93,6% atestaram que as plantas são mais eficazes que os medicamentos de farmácia e 57% consideraram forte o efeito das mesmas, ou seja, sempre resolvem o problema de saúde. Quanto aos efeitos adversos, 95,9% disseram nunca ter sentido após o uso de plantas. Dos entrevistados, 56,7% conheciam ou já haviam utilizado plantas medicinais no tratamento de hiperlipidemias e obesidade, sendo citadas 54 espécies medicinais diferentes pertencentes a 53 gêneros e 38 famílias, com destaque para Fabaceae (13%. As dez plantas mais citadas foram: guatambu (Aspidosperma tomentosum Mart., quina-do-cerrado (Strychnos pseudoquina St. Hil., ipê-roxo [Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. Ex DC. Standl], embaúba (Cecropia pachystachya Trec., calunga (Simaba sp., pata-de-vaca [Bauhinia rufa (Bong. Steud.], mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomez, batata-de-tiú [Jatropha elliptica (Pohl. Muell. Arg.], folha-de-carne (Casearia sylvestris Sw. e manacá (Spiranthera odoratissima A. St.-Hil.. A folha foi a parte mais utilizada (46% e o preparo das plantas ocorre principalmente por meio de infusão citado por 36,5% dos entrevistados. Apesar do uso popular destas plantas no combate as hiperlipidemias e obesidade, há necessidade de estudos fitoquímicos e

Deposition pattern and throughfall fluxes in secondary cool temperate forest, South Korea

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar Gautam, Mukesh; Lee, Kwang-Sik; Song, Byeong-Yeol

2017-07-01

Chemistry and deposition fluxes in the rainfall and throughfall of red pine (Pinus densiflora), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), and chestnut (Castanea crenata) monocultures, and mixed red pine-black locust-chestnut stands were examined in a nutrient-limited cool temperate forest of central South Korea. Throughfall was enriched in both basic and acidic constituents relative to rainfall, suggesting that both dry deposition and canopy leaching are important sources of throughfall constituents. Net throughfall fluxes (NTFs) of cations and anions significantly differed among four different stands as well as seasonally. Red pine exhibited highest fluxes (TF and NTF) for Ca2+, black locust for K+, mixed stands for Mg2+, and chestnut for Na+. In contrast, NTF of SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+was highest in the red pine, intermediate in the chestnut and mixed stands, and lowest in the black locust. In general, canopy uptake of H+ and NH4+ for all stands was higher in summer than in winter. Dry deposition appears to play a major role in atmospheric deposition to this cool temperate forest, especially in summer. Dry deposition for both cations and anions displayed high spatial variability, even though stands were adjacent to one another and experienced identical atmospheric deposition loads. Canopy leaching of K+ (95-78% of NTF), Mg2+ (92-23% of NTF), and Ca2+ (91-12% of NTF) was highest for the black locust, lowest for chestnut, and intermediate for the red pine and mixed stands. The present study documented significant changes in throughfall chemistry and NTF among different forest stands, which presumably be related with the differences in the canopy characteristics and differences in their scavenging capacity for dry deposition and canopy exchange. Difference in the canopy retention of H+ and base cation leaching suggests that canopy exchange was mainly driven by weak acid excretion and lesser by H+ exchange reaction. Our results indicate that despite a high base cation

Production dynamics of fine roots in beech forests: possible mechanism of resource allocation between above- and below-ground production

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Nakahata, R.; Osawa, A.; Naramoto, M.; Mizunaga, H.; Sato, M.

2017-12-01

The masting phenomenon that seed production has large annual variation with spatial synchrony appears generally in beeches. Therefore, net primary production and carbon allocation mechanism in beech forests may differ among several years in relation to annual variation of seed production. On the other hand, fine roots play key roles in carbon dynamics and nutrient and water acquisition of an ecosystem. Evaluation of fine root dynamics is essential to understand long-term dynamics of production in forest ecosystems. Moreover, the influence of mast seeding on resource allocation should be clarified in such beech forests. The aim of this study is to clarify possible relationships between the patterns of above- and below-ground production in relation to the masting events using observation data of litter fall and fine root dynamics. We applied the litter trap method and a minirhizotron method in a cool-temperate natural forest dominated by beech (Fagus crenata Blume). Ten litter traps were set from 2008 to 2016, then annual leaf and seed production were estimated. Four minirhizotron tubes were buried in Aug. 2008 and soil profiles were scanned monthly until Nov. 2016 during the periods of no snow covering. The scanned soil profiles were analyzed for calculating fine root production using the WinRHIZO Tron software. In the present study site, rich production of mast seeding occurred biennially and fine root production showed various seasonal patterns. There was no significant correlation between seed production and annual fine root production in the same year. However, seed production had a positive correlation with fine root production in autumn in the previous year and indicated a negative correlation with that in autumn in the current year. These results indicate that higher fine root production has led to increased nutrient acquisition, which resulted in rich seed production in the next year. It is also suppressed after the masting events due to shortage in

A flora melitófila de uma área de dunas com vegetação de caatinga, Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil The bee flora of caatinga vegetation on sand dunes in Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

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Ana Tereza Araújo Rodarte

2008-06-01

Full Text Available As espécies melitófilas de uma área de caatinga foram caracterizadas quanto à morfologia e recursos florais, floração e abelhas visitantes. As coletas foram realizadas, durante quatro dias consecutivos, em fevereiro, abril, junho, agosto, outubro e dezembro/2000 (10º47'37'S e 42º49'25'W. A área foi percorrida das 06:00 às 17:00 h, seguindo dois transectos paralelos (com 450 m × 100 m e 550 m × 100 m e distando 50 m entre si, abrangendo 10 ha. As 42 espécies melitófilas identificadas (55% da flora local foram visitadas por 2.924 indivíduos de 41 espécies abelhas. As famílias Caesalpiniaceae e Malpighiaceae foram as mais visitadas. As espécies predominantemente visitadas por 35 espécies de abelhas, correspondendo a 78% do total de indivíduos foram: Byrsonima blanchetiana Miq., Copaifera coriacea Mart., Senna macranthera, Peltogyne pauciflora Benth., Senna gardneri (Benth. H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Serjania comata, Mouriri pusa (Gardner, Jatropha mutabilis (Pohl. Baill., Maytenus rigida Mart. e Turnera calyptrocarpa Urb. (24% da flora apícola. A produção de flores dessas espécies representou 95% do total. Em geral, os aspectos básicos da morfologia floral das espécies: pequenas, dispostas em inflorescências, zigomorfas, de cores alva e rosa, monoclinas e com deiscência longitudinal das anteras, não diferiram em relação à flora local, corroborando o seu caráter generalista. O predomínio de interações generalistas deve-se à abundância local de abelhas eussociais nativas (Meliponinae e Apis mellifera. Embora a produção de flores tenha sido maior na estação chuvosa, as abelhas foram mais abundantes no período seco, indicando que o recurso não limitou a atividade das abelhas. As plantas do estrato arbustivo e herbáceo floresceram mais intensamente no período seco e chuvoso, respectivamente, gerando um grau de compartimentalização no padrão de uso dos recursos pelas abelhas. Esse padrão pode favorecer a

Constituintes químicos das cascas do caule de Vochysia thyrsoidea Pohl. (Vochysiaceae e avaliação das atividades citotóxica e inibitória frente as catepsinas B e K

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Lorena Ramos Freitas de Sousa

2014-04-01

Full Text Available A new flavonoid, catechin-3-O-(3"-O-trans-cinnamoyl-α-rhamnopyranoside, along with known compounds, catechin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, 3-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzoic acid, 2-butyl-D-fructofuranoside and 1-butyl-D-fructofuranoside, has been isolated from the stem bark of V. thyrsoidea. These compounds were assayed for inhibition of protease activity (cathepsins B and K and against cancer cell lines. Catechin-3-O-(3"-O-trans-cinnamoyl-α-rhamnopyranoside showed moderate inhibitory activity (IC50 = 62.02 µM against cathepsin B while 2-butyl-D-fructofuranoside was the most potent against a strain of CNS (SF-295 and human leukemia (HL-60 with IC50 = 36.80 µM and IC50 = 25.37 µM, respectively.

Význam plastů a důsledky plastového odpadu: Sociologický pohled na možnosti řešení akumulace plastového odpadu v oceánech

OpenAIRE

Heuer, Dan

2014-01-01

Importance of Plastics and the Impacts of Plastic Waste: The Sociological View on the Possibilities of Solutions of Plastic Waste Accumulated in the Oceans Dan Heuer Abstract: The Paper deals with a question of plastic waste in the oceans. Especially, it asks about particular solutions concerning plastic waste and its effectiveness. Firstly, it is identified how human understands plastic as a material. Subsequently, negative impacts on the environment caused by plastic waste are summarized. E...

Postoupení pohledávky při podnikání v českém a německém právním řádu

OpenAIRE

Kasl, František

2013-01-01

The aim of this thesis is to provide detailed analysis of selected legal aspects with practical importance of the assignment of business receivables. Particular topics are focused on problematic legal features of cession, that have so far not been sufficiently elaborated in expert literature, mainly with regards to the impacts of the recent transformation of the Czech civil law. The issues are approached as comparison between the previous law and the current law, which is in force since 1st J...

Technial Programme Committee

Science.gov (United States)

2014-06-01

Chairpersons Dr Dinesh Sathyamoorthy, Science & Technology Research Institute for Defence (STRIDE), Ministry of Defence, Malaysia Associate Professor Sr Dr Abdul Rashid Mohamed Shariff, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Dr Ahmad Fikri Abdullah, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Dr Farrah Melissa Muharram, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Members Professor Dr Li Jing, Beijing Normal University, China Professor Dr Iyyanki Muralikrishna, Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI), India Professor Dr Alias Abdul Rahman, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Professor Dr Ismat Mohamed El Hassan, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia Professor Dr George Miliaresis, Open University of Cyprus, Cyprus Professor Dr Christine Pohl, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Professor Dr Mahender Kotha, Goa University, India Associate Professor Dr Paolo Gamba, University of Pavia, Italy Associate Professor Dr Behara Seshadri Daya Sagar, Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), India Associate Professor Sr Ranjit Singh, Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur (IUKL), Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Abdul Nasir Matori, Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP), Malaysia Associate Dr Lucian Dragut, West University of Timişoara, Romania Associate Professor Dr Saied Pirasteh, Islamic Azad University, Iran Associate Professor Dr Peter Yuen, Cranfield University, United Kingdom Associate Professor Dr Lim Hwee San, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Wayan Suparta, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Tuong Thuy Vu, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Maged Mahmoud Marghany, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Rami Al-Ruzouq, University of Sharjah, UAE Associate Professor Dr Biswajeet Pradhan, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Associate Professor Dr Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd Shafri, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia

Levantamento da flora apícola em municípios da microrregião de Catolé do Rocha-PB

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Carlos Alberto de Lima e Silva

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este estudo realizar um levantamento sobre a flora apícola em municípios da microrregião de Catolé do Rocha-PB. O levantamento dos dados foi realizado através da aplicação de 55 questionários, onde foram levantados dados sobre os aspectos sociais, ecológicos e da flora, com apicultores dos municípios de Brejo dos Santos, Catolé do Rocha, Jericó e Riacho dos Cavalos-PB. Os resultados mostraram que os apicultores entrevistados são todos do sexo masculino, tem em média meio século de idade, com 3,6 habitantes/residência. Para a manutenção do pasto apícola 96% evitam queimadas e desmatamentos, sendo que 52,7% dos apicultores informaram que a polinização das culturas é a principal contribuição dada pelas abelhas, garantindo a manutenção dos ecossistemas vegetais. Para o fornecimento de água dos apiários 29% informou que utilizam água de poços e açudes. Em relação aos estratos da vegetação de caatinga, foram identificadas 33 famílias, 78 gêneros e 107 espécies. Para as famílias botânicas, constatou-se que do total 17 são arbóreas, 10 arbustivas e 17 herbáceas, onde a Fabaceae apresentou o maior número de espécies, seguida pelas Anacardiaceae, Euforbiaceae e Rubiaceae, respectivamente.Destacando que todos os entrevistados reconhecem a existência das espécies Alfazema (Hyptis suaveolens Salzm R. Braga, Angico (Anadenanthera calubrina Vell. Brenam, Aroeira (Myracrodron urundeuva Fr. All., Jitirana-branca, roxa e lilás (Ipomoea bahiensis Willd., Jurema preta (Mimosa tenuiflora Wild. Poiret, Marmeleiro (Croton sonderianusMüll. Arg., Mufunbo (Combretum leprosumMart.. O conhecimento das espécies apícolas do bioma caatinga e sua época de floração garante uma apicultura sustentável. Existe a necessidade de estudos relacionados aos estratos da vegetação nativa, uma vez que as herbáceas é quem garante a produção na época das chuvas, sendo este o estrato menos estudado. Normal 0 21

Co dokáže náš hlas? Fonetický pohled na variabilitu řečové produkce // What are our voices capable of ? Phonetic perspective on the variability of speech production

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Radek Skarnitzl

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The paper surveys the plasticity of the speech production mechanism. At the level of phonatory behaviour, a distinction is made between the frequency of vocal fold vibration, which is reflected in the pitch of the voice, and the manner in which the vocal folds vibrate, which lends our voice different qualities. The main types of phonatory modifications are described and some of their uses in everyday communication, as well as their perceptual effects, are documented from literature. Modifications of the primary makeup of speech sounds in the supraglottal vocal tract, such as rounding or spreading of the lips, hyper- or hyponasality, and palatalization, are discussed in the following section. The two levels of description — phonatory and articulatory — are formally anchored in Nolan’s model of the sources of variability in speech. The final part of the paper examines speech variability from the perspective of the listener, regarding one’s speech as their auditory face which signals biologically, psychologically, and socially conditioned information about the speaker.

Pohled církví a náboženských společností na morálně právní status nenarozeného lidského života

OpenAIRE

Vopálková, Jaroslava

2013-01-01

This bachelor thesis focuses on moral and legal status of unborn child from the viewpoint of the churches and other religious organisations. It is written from the perspective of biomedical ethics attached to theological ethics. The attitudes of the churches and other religious organisations in the Czech Republic are interpreted on the basis of its own research and are contrasted with other theories dealing with the moral and legal status of unborn child, human and legal standards and Czech l...

"Cognitive, emotion control, and motor performance of adolescents in the NCANDA study: Contributions from alcohol consumption, age, sex, ethnicity, and family history of addiction": Correction to Sullivan et al. (2016).

Science.gov (United States)

2016-10-01

Reports an error in "Cognitive, emotion control, and motor performance of adolescents in the NCANDA study: Contributions from alcohol consumption, age, sex, ethnicity, and family history of addiction" by Edith V. Sullivan, Ty Brumback, Susan F. Tapert, Rosemary Fama, Devin Prouty, Sandra A. Brown, Kevin Cummins, Wesley K. Thompson, Ian M. Colrain, Fiona C. Baker, Michael D. De Bellis, Stephen R. Hooper, Duncan B. Clark, Tammy Chung, Bonnie J. Nagel, B. Nolan Nichols, Torsten Rohlfing, Weiwei Chu, Kilian M. Pohl and Adolf Pfefferbaum ( Neuropsychology , 2016[May], Vol 30[4], 449-473). A problem with a computation to invert speed scores is noted and explained in this correction. All statements indicating group differences in speed scores, as well as Table 5 and Figure 8A, have been corrected in the online version of this article. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2016-00613-001.) To investigate development of cognitive and motor functions in healthy adolescents and to explore whether hazardous drinking affects the normal developmental course of those functions. Participants were 831 adolescents recruited across 5 United States sites of the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence 692 met criteria for no/low alcohol exposure, and 139 exceeded drinking thresholds. Cross-sectional, baseline data were collected with computerized and traditional neuropsychological tests assessing 8 functional domains expressed as composite scores. General additive modeling evaluated factors potentially modulating performance (age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and pubertal developmental stage). Older no/low-drinking participants achieved better scores than younger ones on 5 accuracy composites (general ability, abstraction, attention, emotion, and balance). Speeded responses for attention, motor speed, and general ability were sensitive to age and pubertal development. The exceeds-threshold group (accounting for age, sex

Effects of inspiratory muscle training on dynamic hyperinflation in patients with COPD

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Petrovic M

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Milos Petrovic,1 Michael Reiter,2 Harald Zipko,3 Wolfgang Pohl,1 Theodor Wanke11Pulmonary Department and Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pulmology, Hietzing Hospital, Vienna, Austria; 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Otto Wagner Hospital, Vienna, Austria; 3FH Campus Vienna, University of Applied Sciences – Health Department, Vienna, AustriaAbstract: Dynamic hyperinflation has important clinical consequences in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD. Given that most of these patients have respiratory and peripheral muscle weakness, dyspnea and functional exercise capacity may improve as a result of inspiratory muscle training (IMT. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of IMT on exercise capacity, dyspnea, and inspiratory fraction (IF during exercise in patients with COPD. Daily inspiratory muscle strength and endurance training was performed for 8 weeks in 10 patients with COPD GOLD II and III. Ten patients with COPD II and III served as a control group. Maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax and endurance time during resistive breathing maneuvers (tlim served as parameter for inspiratory muscle capacity. Before and after training, the patients performed an incremental symptom limited exercise test to maximum and a constant load test on a cycle ergometer at 75% of the peak work rate obtained in the pretraining incremental test. ET was defined as the duration of loaded pedaling. Following IMT, there was a statistically significant increase in inspiratory muscle performance of the Pimax from 7.75 ± 0.47 to 9.15 ± 0.73 kPa (P < 0.01 and of tlim from 348 ± 54 to 467 ± 58 seconds (P < 0.01. A significant increase in IF, indicating decreased dynamic hyperinflation, was observed during both exercise tests. Further, the ratio of breathing frequency to minute ventilation (bf/V'E decreased significantly, indicating an improved breathing pattern. A significant decrease in

Atletické soutěžení jako sokratovská filosofie Athletic competition as Socratic philosophy

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Heather L. Reid

2006-02-01

Full Text Available Není překvapivé tvrdit, že cílem jak atletického soutěžení, tak i sokratovské filosofie je dosáhnout ctnosti, lidské dokonalosti či areté. Podrobnější pohled však ukazuje, že jejich podobnost je ještě mnohem hlubší. V tomto příspěvku ukazuji, že atletické soutěžení a sokratovská filosofie, tak jak ji známe z Platónových raných dialogů, jsou ideálně podobné. Pro podporu této teze nabízím pět bodů srovnání. Především jak agōn, tak i elenchos jsou v zásadě aktivitami hledání poznání, jejichž cílem je nalézat pravdu a porozumění. Zadruhé se obě vyznačují otázkami, které se snaží nalézt pochopení morálních pojmů na osobní, obecné a ideální úrovni. Zatřetí vyžadují obě činnosti přijetí omylnosti a rizika selhání, což motivuje touhu učit se, cvičit se a dosahovat úspěchu. Začtvrté obě vyžadují aktivní sebeprověřování. Konečně obě zahrnují povinnost vyzývat ostatní. It is not surprising to claim that athletic competition and Socratic philosophy both aim at virtue, human excellence, or aretē. But a closer look reveals that their similarities run much deeper than that. In this paper I argue that athletic competition and Socratic philosophy, as demonstrated in Plato's early dialogues, are ideally akin. To support this thesis, I offer five points of comparison. First, both agōn and elenchos are fundamentally knowledge-seeking activities aimed at the acquisition of truth and understanding. Second, both are characterized by questions that seek understanding of moral concepts on personal, general, and ideal levels. Third, both activities require an admission of fallibility and risk of failure, which motivates the desire to learn, train, and succeed. Fourth, both require the active testing of oneself. And finally, both include an obligation to challenge others.

Role rodiny a školy v reprodukci vzdělanostních nerovností. Sociologický pohled na úlohu víceletých gymnázií ve světle výzkumu PISA 2000

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Matějů, Petr; Straková, Jana

2003-01-01

Roč. 39, č. 5 (2003), s. 625-652 ISSN 0038-0288 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA403/03/0340 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z7028912 Keywords : education al inequalities * family * school Subject RIV: AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: 0.063, year: 2003

Proč se chci stát učitelkou v mateřské škole? Pohled kvalitativního výzkumu / Why do I want to become a preschool teacher? The perspective of qualitative research

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Adriana Wiegerová

2014-08-01

Full Text Available The paper reports on investigation of motives of choosing preschool teacher profession by young people. The sample consisted of 29 students of bachelor programme in preschool education at a university in Moravia who did thematic writing on motives of wanting to be a preschool teacher, on circumstances that influenced their decision as well as about their notion of the child and childhood and conception of performance of the preschool teacher. The thematic writing was conducted twice, in the first and the third semesters of the study. The texts were analysed to obtain concepts and themes that explained the research questions. The findings show that the decision of becoming a preschool teacher is the result of previous complex interactions between personal characteristics of the subject and external factors which, however, are not perceived passively but are filtered through previous attitudes and beliefs. The two most important personal factors are feminity and emotionality. As concerns the external determinants, a strong factor is the subject´s family which provides opportunities for participation in plays with children of family members and others, as well as role models. These pre-professional experiences resulted in the concept of preschool teaching as a prolonged childhood. The educational philosophy of the subjects rests on three teacher’s roles, i.e. protector of the childhood, usher of the child to life, and guide of the child to school life.

Effect of ELOM-080 on exacerbations and symptoms in COPD patients with a chronic bronchitis phenotype – a post-hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

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Beeh KM

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Kai-Michael Beeh,1 Jutta Beier,1 Henning Candler,2 Thomas Wittig2 1Insaf Respiratory Research Institute, Wiesbaden, Germany; 2G. Pohl-Boskamp GmbH & Co KG, Hohenlockstedt, Germany Background: Treating symptoms and preventing exacerbations are key components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD long-term management. Recently, a more tailored treatment approach has been proposed, in particular for two well-established clinical phenotypes, frequent exacerbators and chronic bronchitis-dominant COPD. ELOM-080 has demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating symptoms and preventing exacerbations in subjects with chronic bronchitis. However, little is known about the potential effects of ELOM-080 in COPD patients. Aim: To evaluate the effect on exacerbation, cough sputum, and general state of health of long-term treatment with ELOM-080 in COPD patients with an exacerbation history and chronic bronchitis. Methods: We performed a post-hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel-group clinical trial of a 6-month treatment with ELOM-080 (3×300 mg in patients with chronic bronchitis and concomitant COPD. The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects with at least one exacerbation over the 6-month study period. Secondary outcomes included the total number of exacerbations (ie, cumulative occurrence of exacerbations during the study period and the proportion of acute exacerbations necessitating an antibiotic treatment, monthly evaluations of sputum and cough symptoms, and the general state of health and a safety analysis. Results: Of 260 randomized subjects, 64 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for COPD (ELOM-080: 35, placebo: 29. Compared to placebo, ELOM-080 reduced the percentage of subjects with at least one exacerbation (29% versus 55%, P=0.031 and a reduction in the overall occurrence of exacerbations (ELOM-080: 10, placebo: 21, P=0.012 during the winter season. The percentage of asymptomatic or

Estudo preliminar toxicológico, antibacteriano e fitoquímico do extrato etanólico das folhas de Jatropha mollissima (Pohl Baill. (pinhão-bravo, Euphorbiaceae, coletada no Município de Tauá, Ceará, Nordeste Brasileiro

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I.D. BRAQUEHAIS

Full Text Available RESUMO A cada dia, cepas bacterianas estão tornando-se resistentes a diversos antibióticos, o que faz necessária a busca de novas substâncias eficazes para o tratamento de doenças. Desta forma, este trabalho reporta o estudo preliminar toxicológico, antibacteriano e fitoquímico do extrato etanólico das folhas de Jatropha mollissima (pinhão-bravo, Euphorbiaceae, coletada no Município de Tauá, Ceará, Nordeste Brasileiro. Inicialmente, realizou-se o teste de toxicidade do extrato contra Artemia salina. Na sequencia, foi realizado o ensaio antibacteriano contra quatro cepas bacterianas Gram-negativas (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Hafnia alvei ATCC 51873, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 e uma cepa Gram-positiva (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Finalmente, fez-se a análise fitoquímica preliminar do extrato ativo para detecção das principais classes de metabólitos especiais. Como resultado, o extrato etanólico das folhas de J. mollissima se mostrou tóxico para Artemia salina, pois apresentou CL50 igual a 406,02 μg/mL. Quanto à ação antibacteriana, o extrato se mostrou ativo contra a bactéria Gram-positiva Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, apresentando moderada atividade antibacteriana (halo de inibição igual a 7,03 mm. Evidenciou-se no extrato bioativo a presença de cumarinas, fenóis, taninos, flavonoides (flavonóis e flavanonas, alcaloides e esteroides, ambas as classes reportadas como antimicrobianos. Portanto, esse extrato tem potencial para ser usado na produção de fármacos contra infecções causadas por bactérias Gram-positivas. No entanto, as informações direcionam estudos futuros para o isolamento e identificação dos compostos bioativos, monitorados sob a ação antibacteriana mais expressiva.

A comparison of physical education (PE development in the Czech Republic, Germany, and the USA - A historical perspective [Srovnání vývoje tělesné výchovy v České republice, Německu a USA – Historický pohled

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Petr Vlček

2011-03-01

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: After the year 1989, political, structural and economic reforms caused significant changes in education in the Czech Republic, also affecting physical education (PE. Within the context of unification and globalization there are similar changes in progress in other countries. OBJECTIVE: The complex situation, fast changes and various pedagogical traditions complicate the creation of a systematic view of the current PE reforms. The objective of this paper is to describe the most important events in the history of PE in the Czech Republic, Germany and the USA and to explain their effect on the PE curriculum changes in the selected countries. The purpose of this historical analysis is to present some fundamental information about the development of PE in selected countries which will make possible further comparisons of the current reforms of physical education. METHODS: Our methodology is based on historical comparison outlining and comparing the history of the PE concepts in selected countries. RESULTS: Our results and findings show the differences in the history of PE in the Czech Republic, Germany and the USA and the crosscultural influence of the countries on the development of PE concepts. Especially the Turners from Germany influenced the beginnings of Czech and American PE in the 19th century. Other gymnastic systems entered the USA later but the philosophy of pragmatism and the influence of the modern Olympic movement brought significant changes into the American PE concept at the beginning of the 20th century. As a consequence, the gymnastic systems have been replaced with the "sport recreational" concept. In the 20th century the emphasis on physical education changed repeatedly when conflicts between countries occurred. For example the German, Czech and American PE emphasis shifted from games and sport to physical conditioning after WWI and WWII and also after the Korean and Vietnam War in the USA. Further differences in PE concepts were caused by diverse political ideologies in the second half of the 20th century. Physical education in the former Czechoslovakia was influenced by the Soviet physical culture philosophy. Popularity of sport in the 1960's and the 1970's affected the PE curricula in Western Germany, but later, in the 1980's, sport decreased in importance. After the end of the "Cold War", PE focussed on "life long activities," and the influence of American culture was visible in the PE development in European countries. Recently, an active life style has been supported and the issue of health has become an important part of the PE curricula. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this analysis confirm different approaches to physical education concepts among these countries in terminology, roles, and goals during different time periods. Our findings also show that the educational reforms in Germany and the USA were started 10 and 20 years earlier than in the Czech Republic. Therefore, it is important to carry out further comparisons of current educational reforms that might help to reform Czech physical education.[VÝCHODISKA: Politické, strukturní a ekonomické reformy v České republice po roce 1989 přivodily také rychlé a hluboké změny ve vzdělávání mající vliv i na tělesnou výchovu. V souvislosti se sjednocováním Evropy a globalizačními tendencemi podobné změny probíhají i v dalších zemích. CÍLE: Komplexita situace, rychlé změny a různé pedagogické tradice ztěžují vypracování systémového pohledu na současné reformy tělesné výchovy. Cílem příspěvku je proto popsat nejdůležitější události v historii tělesné výchovy v České republice, Německu a Spojených státech amerických a objasnit jejich vliv na změny kurikula tělesné výchovy ve vybraných zemích. Účelem historické analýzy je předložit základní informace o vývoji tělesné výchovy ve vybraných zemích a umožnit tak další srovnání současných reforem tělesné výchovy. METODIKA: Zvolenou metodologií je historickosrovnávací analýza, která popisuje a porovnává historický vývoj tělesné výchovy ve vybraných zemích. VÝSLEDKY: Výsledky odhalují odlišnosti v historii tělesné výchovy v České republice, Spolkové republice Německo a Spojených státech amerických, ale také interkulturní vliv zemí na vývoj koncepce tělesné výchovy. Především turnerství ovlivnilo počátky evropské a americké tělesné výchovy. Později se vedle německého systému významně prosadily i další gymnastické systémy. Na počátku 20. století došlo v souvislosti s prosazující se pragmatickou filosofií ke změně v koncepci americké tělesné výchovy. Gymnastické systémy byly nahrazeny sportovně rekreační koncepcí, která ovlivňuje přístupy k tělesné výchově i v současnosti, a to nejen v USA, ale i v Evropě. Ve 20. století se v USA opakovaně objevovala otázka, jak zvýšit neuspokojivou zdatnost populace, a to vždy v souvislosti s válečnými konflikty. Rozdíly v pojetí tělesné výchovy v druhé polovině 20. století byly způsobeny vlivem různé politické ideologie. Po ukončení studené války se tělesná výchova zaměřila na tzv. "life long activities". V poslední době dochází k významnému podporování zdravotních benefitů aktivního životního stylu, problematika zdraví se dostává do kurikula tělesné výchovy, ale znaky německé gymnastiky jsou také stále patrné. ZÁVĚRY: Výsledky potvrzují odlišnosti v koncepcích školní tělesné výchovy ve sledovaných zemích (v terminologii, funkcích předmětu, cílech, úkolech atd. v různých časových obdobích. Naše zjištění také ukazují na skutečnost, že edukační reformy v Německé spolkové republice a Spojených státech amerických byly započaty o 10, respektive 20 let dříve než v České republice. Velice vhodným zdrojem informací pro české školství by proto mohly být další komparace současných reforem tělesné výchovy.

Utilizing Mobile-Phone-Link Data to Improve Rainfall Monitoring over Cyprus

Science.gov (United States)

Lange, Manfred; Alpert, Pinhas; David, Noam

2013-04-01

carry out a pilot study to evaluate the performance of the methodology in an area of good meteorological-observation coverage in Cyprus and based on dedicated field observations. The rich experience and the successful application of the methodology for using mobile-phone-link-data in Israel offers good prospects for a successful implementation of this methodology in Cyprus. This presentation will provide insights into the background and rationale of the project and will discuss its current status and the next steps to be taken. References Chwala, C., Gmeiner, A., Qiu, W., Hipp, S., Nienaber, D., Siart, U., Eibert, T., Pohl, M., Seltmann, J., Fritz, J., and Kunstmann, H., 2012. Precipitation observation using microwave backhaul links in the alpine and pre-alpine region of Southern Germany, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2647-2661, doi: 10.5194/hess-16-2647-2012. Leijnse, H., Uijlenhoet, R., and Berne, A., 2010. Errors and uncertainties in microwave link rainfall estimation explored using drop size measurements and high-resolution radar data. J. Hydrometeor., 11, 1330-1344. Messer, H., A. Zinevich, and P. Alpert, 2006: Environmental Monitoring by Wireless Communication Networks. Science, 312, 713 Wang, Z., Schleiss, M., Jaffrain, J., Berne, A., Rieckermann, J., 2012. Using Markov switching models to infer dry and rainy periods from telecommunication microwave link signals, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 1847-1859, doi:10.5194/amt-5-1847-2012.

Magnetic Properties of Three Impact Structures in Canada

Science.gov (United States)

Scott, R. G.; Pilkington, M.; Tanczyk, E. I.; Grieve, R. A. F.

1995-09-01

. The Clearwater Lakes impact structures are two complex craters formed in Archean retrograde granulite facies rocks [4]. Clearwater West, at 36 km diameter, has an annular ring of islands and a shallowly submerged central uplift. Clearwater East, at 26 km diameter, has a more deeply submerged central uplift. The structures are characterised by highly oxidized melt rock and melt- breccia lenses exposed at the surface. Shocked crystalline basement rocks and minor amounts of breccia and melt rock occur in the central uplifts [5]. Despite relatively little alteration at depth, these rocks exhibit both susceptibilities and remanent magnetizations well below the regionally high values. The Clearwater rocks also contain a thermoremanent reversed magnetization, acquired at the time of impact, and characteristic of the Permo-Carboniferous Reversed Polarity Superchron. The magnetization is carried by titanomagnetite in Clearwater West, and both magnetite and pyrrhotite in Clearwater East. This reversed magnetization contributes to the magnetic low, but cannot account for all of it. The intense airborne magnetic low (> 500 nT) requires a significant contribution from the shocked basement at depth, produced by either alteration of magnetic phases along fractures, or reduction in magnetic properties by lower shock levels away from the point of impact [6]. References: [1] Pilkington M. and Grieve R. A. F. (1992) Rev. Geophys., 30, 161-181. [2] Innes M. J. S. et al. (1964) Publ. Dom. Obs. Ottawa, 31, 19-52. [3] Halliday I. and Griffin A. A. (1967) J. Roy. Astron. Soc. Can., 61, 1-8. [4] Simonds C. H. et al. (1978) LPS IX, 2633-2658. [5] Hische R. (1994) Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Munster. [6] Pohl J. (1994) 3rd Intl. Wkshp., ESF Network Impact Cratering and Evol. of Planet Earth, Shockwave Behavior in Nature and Expt., Progr. Abstr., 51.

A Usages of Herb Extracts by Stream Integrated with Micro-organism to Control Insect Pests and Phytophagus Mites by Biological Control

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Uraisakul, Kanok [Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi Phranakhonsiayathaya, Hantra Campus, Phranakhonsiayathaya (Thailand); Piadang, Nattaya [Office of Atoms for Peace, Bangkok (Thailand)

2006-09-15

A usages of herb extracts by stream integrated rith micro-organism to control insect pests and phytophagus mites by biological control was compared with insecticide to investigate the responses of chili tree and kieffer lime tree. Moreover, herb extracts were tested in controlling insect pests. Herb extracts were selected from many effective kinds such as: Azadirachta indica, Hyptis suaveolens, Citronella grass, Eucalyptus, Stemona, Galangal, Zingiber, cassumunar Roxb. Chronmolaena oderatum, Derris elyptica, Ginger, Annona seed, Malueraca sp., Andrographis paniculata, Veronia aquarrosa, Garlic, Thevetia peruviana, and Tobacco. The experiment was set at Herb Laboratory Ayutthaya Campus, Rajamangala University of Technology, Suvarnabhumi during August 2004 to June 2006. From testing herb extracts at 100 ppm. On Chili germination, the result was that the Chromolaena extracts made highest germination of 69.50%, Citronella grass at 500 ppm., made highest germination of chili seed at 86.00% within 12 days. Garlic extracts could kill 75.90% of aphids in 24 hrs., maximized in this experiments. Malueraca extracts at 500 ppm. Could kill 92.65% of chili aphids similar to the activity of insecticides action in 24 hrs. However at 5,000 ppm. It found that chemical treatment gave difference results from herbal treatments. Annona extracts could kill 64.58% of chili aphids better that others treatments. There are 18 treatment of time at 6 hrs. , 15 hrs., and 24 hrs., respectively. The results found that at 6 hrs., Kelthane could kill 93.75% of red spider mite. At 15 hrs. Stemona could kill 95.50% of red spider mite. At 24 hrs. Stemona or Chromolaena could kill 100% of red spider mite equally, Chrolaena could kill more than 83% of chili thrips at 24 hrs. Annona extracts could harvest the maximum of fruit fresh weight and numbers of fruits. After cutting leaves for producing new leaves, spraying herbal extracts was not different in statistic; however, Eucalyptus extracts, Neem plus

A Usages of Herb Extracts by Stream Integrated with Micro-organism to Control Insect Pests and Phytophagus Mites by Biological Control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uraisakul, Kanok; Piadang, Nattaya

2006-09-01

A usages of herb extracts by stream integrated rith micro-organism to control insect pests and phytophagus mites by biological control was compared with insecticide to investigate the responses of chili tree and kieffer lime tree. Moreover, herb extracts were tested in controlling insect pests. Herb extracts were selected from many effective kinds such as: Azadirachta indica, Hyptis suaveolens, Citronella grass, Eucalyptus, Stemona, Galangal, Zingiber, cassumunar Roxb. Chronmolaena oderatum, Derris elyptica, Ginger, Annona seed, Malueraca sp., Andrographis paniculata, Veronia aquarrosa, Garlic, Thevetia peruviana, and Tobacco. The experiment was set at Herb Laboratory Ayutthaya Campus, Rajamangala University of Technology, Suvarnabhumi during August 2004 to June 2006. From testing herb extracts at 100 ppm. On Chili germination, the result was that the Chromolaena extracts made highest germination of 69.50%, Citronella grass at 500 ppm., made highest germination of chili seed at 86.00% within 12 days. Garlic extracts could kill 75.90% of aphids in 24 hrs., maximized in this experiments. Malueraca extracts at 500 ppm. Could kill 92.65% of chili aphids similar to the activity of insecticides action in 24 hrs. However at 5,000 ppm. It found that chemical treatment gave difference results from herbal treatments. Annona extracts could kill 64.58% of chili aphids better that others treatments. There are 18 treatment of time at 6 hrs. , 15 hrs., and 24 hrs., respectively. The results found that at 6 hrs., Kelthane could kill 93.75% of red spider mite. At 15 hrs. Stemona could kill 95.50% of red spider mite. At 24 hrs. Stemona or Chromolaena could kill 100% of red spider mite equally, Chrolaena could kill more than 83% of chili thrips at 24 hrs. Annona extracts could harvest the maximum of fruit fresh weight and numbers of fruits. After cutting leaves for producing new leaves, spraying herbal extracts was not different in statistic; however, Eucalyptus extracts, Neem plus

Adubação da mandioca no estado de São Paulo: Parte I - Efeito da adubação mineral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edgard S. Normanha

1951-01-01

aplicação dos fertilizantes, o da conjugação de adubos minerais com orgânicos e a economia das adubações.Results aro presented of 14 cassava (Manihol -utilissima Pohl fertilizer experiments, conducted in four regions of the State of São Paulo, varying in soil types. Ammonium Sulphate, Superphosphate of Lime, Bone Meal and Potassium Chloride were applied separately or mixed at the rate of 80 kg of Nitrogen, 120 kg of Phosphoric acid and 60 kg of Potassium oxide to the hectare. The fertilizers were applied in advance of planting in the planting furrows at 10 cm depth. The results can be summarized as follows: a Ammonium Sulphate applied to lhe planting furrows caused rather poor sprouting of the cuttings; b The influence of N, P, K fertilizers, separately or mixed varied according to soil type; in rather poor soil (Glacial and terra roxa cansada, P fertilizers increased root production; in better Salmourão soil, N fertilizer alone or mixed with P gave good results; in other regions either no beneficial effects of fertilizer application was noticed or a slight effect of N or N + K recorded. Due to high prices of fertilizers and to the relatively low value of cassava roots, the beneficial effects obtained in some of the regions are usually not considered to be of economic interest to the farmer.

Non-Linearity of dose-effect relationship on the example of cytogenetic effects in plant cells at low level exposure to ionising radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oudalova, Alla; Geras'kin, Stanislav; Dikarev, Vladimir; Dikareva, Nina; Chernonog, Elena; Copplestone, David; Evseeva, Tatyana

2006-01-01

-particles [Nagasawa and Little, 1992; Mothersill et al., 1995]. Other phenomena including genomic instability, low-dose hypersensitivity, and increased radiation resistance effects are also under study [Marples et al., 1997; Kadhim et al., 2004; Bonner, 2004]. The nonlinearity of the dose-effect relationship with low level exposures has been demonstrated in a number of studies where chromosome aberrations were considered as the endpoint of interest. For example, the number of radiation-induced dicentrics in human peripheral blood lymphocytes found in [Pohl-Ruling et al., 1983; Lloyd et al., 1988, 1992] did not exceed the control level at doses below 40 mGy, with some experimental points lying significantly below control values. Essential deviations of chromosome aberrations appearance from linearity in mammals were also shown at higher doses of 100-300 mGy [Luchnik and Sevankaev, 1976; Takahashi et al., 1982]. In other species, deviations of cytogenetic effect induced by low doses from linearity have also been reported. For example, the dose response for cytogenetic effects in Chinese hamster fibroblasts and Vicia faba germs at doses from 0 to 2.5 Gy was shown to be non linear with a plateau at low doses by [Zaichkina et al., 1992]. Dose-effect curves on chromosome aberrations in root meristem cells of Pisum sativum plantlets in the dose range of 0-10 Gy also showed non-linear responses with a plateau for doses up to 1 Gy [Zaka et al., 2002]. However the available information on dose-effect relationships at low doses for non-human species is scarce despite its importance. In their natural environment, some non-human species may be at a higher risk of impact than humans because of differences in ecological niches occupied. [Geras'kin et.al., 2003]. Currently, radiation protection of the environment and maintenance of ecosystem sustainability is of a special concern. and the development of a harmonized approach to human and biota protection has been recognized as a challenge for modern

EDITORIAL: Mastering matter at the nanoscale Mastering matter at the nanoscale

Science.gov (United States)

Forchel, Alfred

2009-10-01

In the early 1980s, the development of scanning probe techniques gave scientists a titillating view of surfaces with nanometre resolution, igniting activity in research at the nanoscale. Images at unprecedented resolution were unveiled with the aid of various types of nanosized tips, including the scanning tunnelling (Binnig G, Rohrer H, Gerber C and Weibel E 1982 Appl. Phys. Lett. 40 178-80) the atomic force (Binnig G, Quate C F and Gerber C 1986 Phys. Rev. Lett. 56 930-3) and the near-field scanning microscopes (Dürig U, Pohl D W and Rohner F 1986 J. Appl. Phys. 59 3318-27). From the magnitude of tunnelling currents between conductive surfaces and van der Waals forces between dielectrics to the non-propagating evanescent fields at illuminated surfaces, a range of signal responses were harnessed enabling conductive, dielectric and even biological systems to be imaged. But it may be argued that it was the ability to manipulate matter at the nanoscale that really empowered nanotechnology. From the inception of the scanning probe revolution, these probes used to image nanostructures were also discovered to be remarkable tools for the manipulation of nanoparticles. Insights into the mechanism behind such processes were reported by a team of researchers at UCLA over ten years ago in 1998 (Baur C et al 1998 Nanotechnology 9 360-4). In addition, lithography and etching methods of patterning continue to evolve into ever more sophisticated techniques for exerting design over the structure of matter at the nanoscale. These so-called top-down methods, such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography and nanoimprint lithography, now provide control over features with a resolution of a few nanometres. Bottom-up fabrication techniques that exploit the self-assembly of constituents into desired structures have also stimulated extensive research. These techniques, such as the electrochemically assembled quantum-dot arrays reported by a team of US reasearchers over ten years

Non-Linearity of dose-effect relationship on the example of cytogenetic effects in plant cells at low level exposure to ionising radiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oudalova, Alla; Geras' kin, Stanislav; Dikarev, Vladimir; Dikareva, Nina; Chernonog, Elena [Russian Institute of Agricultural Radiology and Agroecology, RIARAE, 249032 Obninsk (Russian Federation); Copplestone, David [Environment Agency, Millbank Tower, 25th. Floor, 21/24 Millbank, London, SW1P 4XL (United Kingdom); Evseeva, Tatyana [Institute of Biology, Kommunisticheskaya st., 28 Syktyvkar 167610, Komi Republic (Russian Federation)

2006-07-01

alpha-particles [Nagasawa and Little, 1992; Mothersill et al., 1995]. Other phenomena including genomic instability, low-dose hypersensitivity, and increased radiation resistance effects are also under study [Marples et al., 1997; Kadhim et al., 2004; Bonner, 2004]. The nonlinearity of the dose-effect relationship with low level exposures has been demonstrated in a number of studies where chromosome aberrations were considered as the endpoint of interest. For example, the number of radiation-induced dicentrics in human peripheral blood lymphocytes found in [Pohl-Ruling et al., 1983; Lloyd et al., 1988, 1992] did not exceed the control level at doses below 40 mGy, with some experimental points lying significantly below control values. Essential deviations of chromosome aberrations appearance from linearity in mammals were also shown at higher doses of 100-300 mGy [Luchnik and Sevankaev, 1976; Takahashi et al., 1982]. In other species, deviations of cytogenetic effect induced by low doses from linearity have also been reported. For example, the dose response for cytogenetic effects in Chinese hamster fibroblasts and Vicia faba germs at doses from 0 to 2.5 Gy was shown to be non linear with a plateau at low doses by [Zaichkina et al., 1992]. Dose-effect curves on chromosome aberrations in root meristem cells of Pisum sativum plantlets in the dose range of 0-10 Gy also showed non-linear responses with a plateau for doses up to 1 Gy [Zaka et al., 2002]. However the available information on dose-effect relationships at low doses for non-human species is scarce despite its importance. In their natural environment, some non-human species may be at a higher risk of impact than humans because of differences in ecological niches occupied. [Geras'kin et.al., 2003]. Currently, radiation protection of the environment and maintenance of ecosystem sustainability is of a special concern. and the development of a harmonized approach to human and biota protection has been recognized

Filosofie sportu nebo filosofické uvažování o sportu Philosophy of sport or philosophical reflection on sport

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jerzy Kosiewicz

2006-02-01

Full Text Available Hlavním úkolem prezentace je iniciovat diskusi o současném postavení, formální a meritorní situaci filosofie sportu. Zajímavé je odpovědět si na následující otázku: lze říci, že máme co do činění se skutečnou, vyspělou, kompetentní a nezávislou vědní disciplínou, nebo jde spíše o určité filosofické úvahy o sportu, které se v budoucnu stanou nezávislou filosofickou disciplínou? Jsem toho názoru, že filosofie sportu teprve zahájila proces strukturalizace, kladení a řešení mnoha problémů, vytváření různých názorových pohledů, které jsou charakteristické pro autory s různým vzděláním a s různými výzkumnými prioritami. Započala také stavbu základů a utváření metodologických nástrojů, které budou vhodné pro tento nový obor filosofie usilující o nezávislost. Hlavní břemeno výzkumných projektů a jejich realizací spočívá na bedrech filosofů v pravém slova smyslu, kteří budou zkoumat různé projevy a aspekty sportu. Filosofie sportu se snaží definovat sebe samu a rozpracovává své charakteristiky a formy výzkumu. Důležitou příležitostí je pro ni spolupráce s dalšími obory filosofie (a nejen filosofie s cílem využít již vypracované a vyzkoušené struktury umožňující filosofii sportu formulovat svůj vlastní jazyk, koherentní kód, kategorii pojmů a specifickou podrobnou metodologii sloužící pro popis a vysvětlení zdrojů, obsahů a významů, kterými se vyznačují praktické a teoretické projevy a vlastnosti sportu. Dokud však nebude tato etapa utváření nové disciplíny ukončena, budeme mít co do činění spíše s filosofickými úvahami o sportu než s filosofií sportu. The main task of my presentation is to initiate the discussion about the contemporary position, as well as the current formal and merit situation of philosophy of sport. It is interesting to answer the following question: if we can say, that, at the

Physical activity and health related environment preferences among students from the Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education [Pohybové aktivity a preference prostředí spojené se zdravím u studentů Litevské akademie tělesné výchovy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edita Vainienė

2011-03-01

, rehabilitační cvičení, zdravá výživa, než tomu bylo v roce 2000 (muži 57,8 %, resp. 46,7 %, p < 0,1; ženy 84,4 %, resp. 71,2 % p < 0,02. Ženy prokázaly kritičtější pohled na prostředí akademie než muži a uvedly, že v roce 2008 je na akademii méně možností zdravého stravování než v roce 2000 (26,1 % oproti 19,12 % p < 0,02. Po osmi letech studenti akademie využívají nástroje podpory zdravého životního stylu méně často. Počet studentů využívajících v roce 2008 energické a posilující činnosti se oproti roku 2000 snížil (muži 59,2 %, resp. 46,7 %; ženy 47,7 %, resp. 22,5 % p < 0,001. Menší počet si také vybíral wellness centra (muži 27,6 %, resp. 22,8 %; ženy 37,0 %, resp. 11,6 % p < 0,001. V roce 2008 bylo méně žen, jež uvedly, že se účastní aktivit, při nichž se potí a rychleji dýchají (2–3× za týden a více, než tomu bylo v roce 2000 (χ2 = 49,05, p < 0,001. Koeficient kontingence (C měřící sílu tohoto spojení byl 0,369. ZÁVĚRY: Výsledky naznačují, že vzrůstá potřeba intervence vedoucí k podpoře PA mezi studenty, kteří přicházejí na akademii a pokračují zde ve studiu. DOPORUČENÍ: Zejména u žen je nezbytné připravit programy pohybových aktivit pro integrovanou výuku na akademii, čímž by se omezilo snižování objemu pohybových aktivit úměrné tomu, jak studenti postupují do dalších ročníků. Plán na zvýšení objemu pohybových aktivit a cvičení musí být zahrnut také do studijního plánu a využití volného času se musí orientovat na pohybové aktivity.

PostgreSQL 8.3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pavel Stěhule

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Práce na Open Source databázích pokračují nezadržitelným tempem. Vývojáři se musí vyrovnat s rostoucími požadavky uživatelů na objem dat ukládaných do databází, na náročnější požadavky na odezvu atd. Zatím nedostižnou metou je implementace celého standardu ANSI SQL 200x. Všechny databáze z velké trojky (Firebird, MySQL a PostgreSQL používají multigenerační architekturu, cenově orientované hledání optimálního prováděcího plánu, write ahead log atd. MySQL se profiluje jako SQL databáze schopná používat specializované databázové backendy schopné maximální efektivity pro určité konkrétní prostředí. PostgreSQL je široce použitelná databáze, těžící z vynikající stability, s perfektní rozšiřitelností a komfortním prostředím. Konečně Firebird je vynikající embeded databáze, která se osvědčuje v tisících instalacích na desktopech.Podle původního plánu mělo dojít k uvolnění verze 8.3 koncem léta - mělo jít o verzi obsahující patche dokončené pro 8.2, ale v té době nedostatečně otestované. Nakonec se ukázalo, že ty nejdůležitější patche je třeba dopracovat. Jednalo se o tak atraktivní vlastnosti, že se rozhodlo s vydáním nové verze počkat. 8.3 obsahuje integrovaný fulltext, podporu opožděného potvrzování (asynchronní commit, synchronizované sekvenční čtení datových souborů, úspornější ukládání dynamických datových typů (kratších 256byte, HOT updates a sofistikovanější aktualizaci indexů (hot indexes. Z patchů připravených pro 8.2 se v 8.3 neobjeví podpora bitmapových indexů a podpora aktualizovatelných pohledů. Původní řešení založené na pravidlech (rules bylo příliš komplikované. 8.3 obsahuje podporu aktualizovatelných kurzorů, a je docela dobře možné, že aktualizovatelné pohledy budou ve verzi 8.4 implementovány právě s pomocí této třídy kurzorů.Vývoj pokra

Commentary: Photothermal effects of laser tissue soldering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Menovsky, T.; Beek, J.F.; Gemert, M.J.C. van

1999-01-01

field of laser dosimetry such as in this study, aiming at developing a temperature feedback system to control the temperature at the repair site. This should result in more reproducible and reliable tissue welds (Barak, 1997; Cilesiz et al 1997; Pohl et al 1998). By monitoring the surface temperature during the laser procedure, the optimal temperature range for tissue welding can be determined. Once the optimal range is known, which is believed to be between 70 and 90 deg. C (also confirmed by this study) a computer-assisted feedback system can be employed to maintain the surface temperature within this range by altering the laser power output. Temperature measurements using infrared cameras, radiometers, and changes in reflectance have extensively been tested, but so far the limitation of these systems for microsurgical tissue welding is the relatively large spatial resolution for a small spot size resulting in incorrect temperature measurements (Torres et al 1990, Shenfeld et al 1994). In addition, the feedback system requires several adaptations to the laser set-up, including to the surgical microscope (for microsurgical procedures), which ultimately makes its use more cumbersome. As can be seen in figure 1 of the paper, incorporating the set-up in a surgical microscope without interfering with the view is a technological challenge. Until the technology has advanced to clinical feasibility, the best results of tissue welding are probably achieved when performed by a physician with a large amount of experience with the laser system and the execution of the welding technique. (author)

FOREWORD: International determination of the Avogadro constant International determination of the Avogadro constant

Science.gov (United States)

Massa, Enrico; Nicolaus, Arnold

2011-04-01

the mass-energy-frequency equivalence. Another effort is to monitor the stability of the Pt-Ir prototype: the technologies described in the present issue can be refined and finalized to calculate the mass variation of 1 kg 28Si spheres by monitoring the surface evolution without weighing them on a balance. The last activity is the determination of the mass of a 28Si sphere by electrical measurements using a watt balance and without any reference to the Pt-Ir prototype. In this framework, it will be necessary to demonstrate the mutual consistency and the stability of both the electrical and crystal mise en pratique of a kilogram definition based on a conventional value of the Planck constant. A related issue is to develop suitable procedures and protocols to disseminate the unit of mass from the new realizations. Since the molar Planck constant is well known via the measurement of the Rydberg constant, the accurate measurement of NA also provides an accurate and independent determination of the Planck constant, h. A comparison of the values of the Planck constant obtained via the watt-balance experiment and the NA determination tests quantum mechanics. In fact, the watt-balance value of h depends on solid state physics through the theories of Josephson and quantum Hall effects, whereas the value of h derived from NA depends on atomic physics through the energy level differences in hydrogen and deuterium, whose associated transition frequencies yield information on the Rydberg constant. Grateful thanks are addressed to H-J Pohl for his outstanding project management in Russia, to A K Kaliteevski and his colleagues of the Central Design Bureau of Machine Building and the Institute of Chemistry of High-Purity Substances for their dedication and the punctual delivery of the enriched material, to H Riemann and his staff of the Institut für Kristallzüchtung for the crystal growth, to our directors for their advice and financial support, and to our colleagues for their

PREFACE: Stimuli Stimuli

Science.gov (United States)

Queisser, Hans J.

2011-01-01

well-rehearsed talk. The audience was intrigued by this new principle of stimulated coherent microwave radiation [3]. Friedrich Hund, famous for his 'rule' was then our theory professor, he sat in the second row. He was very surprised, and asked me in the discussion if he had understood correctly. If it were true what I had just suggested, then the maser coherence length would go from the Earth to the Moon. I paused a little, pondered and observed my microwave-conscious friends in the audience nodding encouragingly. 'Yes, sir; I think so!' 'I don't believe it', Hund retorted. How could a youngster react? I remained silent and obediently, quite imperceptibly shrugged my shoulders. After the talk, Professor Lamla, an editor of a science journal came to congratulate me and asked for a manuscript. I delivered [4]. This item on my early publication list may have contributed to the fact that I was hired in 1959 by William Shockley to join his fledgling company Shockley Transistor in this old apricot barn on 391 South San Antonio Road in Mountain View, California [5]. I knew that it would be extremely difficult to extend the frequency into the optical regime, you have to fight against the square of the frequency. Nevertheless, I refrained from making the statement in my paper that reaching an optical maser might be hopeless [4]. 'Never say never' is an appropriate adage, not only for seniors. A young colleague, who had also written a review paper, dared to support a more pessimistic view [6]. He anticipated in his very last sentence that stimulated emission would probably prevail merely in the microwave regime. This defeatist attitude seemed to have ruled throughout Germany, as already preached in the famous textbooks by Pohl [7], and also assumed by physics Professor Hellwege at Darmstadt, who was the leading expert regarding luminescence of materials such as ruby crystals; yet Maiman and others surpassed him [8]. Silicon came next for me, working, for example, with Shockley

Sharing the blame: Complicity, conspiracy, and collective responsibility in sport Sdílení viny: Spoluvina, spolčení a kolektivní odpovědnost ve sportu

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sarah Teetzel

2006-02-01

are overlooked in favour of blaming the athlete. The collective does not share the responsibility but instead places it entirely on the athlete. In this paper, I argue that the participatory intentions of the athlete's support personnel make them complicit to the act and therefore partially accountable for the doping offence. Drawing on Christopher Kutz and Margaret Gilbert's accounts of shared intentions and collective responsibility, I argue that the group members' participatory intentions warrant holding the entire group responsible. The implication of this view is that doping is a collective act, rather than an individual one, and anti-doping officials should focus more on the complicitous nature of doping. Přestože je obtížné označit atletovu účast ve sportu za výhradně individuální nebo kolektivní akt, je snadné obhájit, že sport má jak veřejný, tak i soukromý rozměr. Podobně lze nahlížet na atlety soupeřící při sportovní události z redukcionistického hlediska, které je považuje za jednotlivce plnící své vlastní odlišné role, nebo z hlediska kolektivního, které je označuje za skupinu snažící se naplnit společný cíl. Zkoumání atletů, kteří byli přistiženi při použití látek zvyšujících výkon a postupů zakázaných Světovou antidopingovou agenturou, však ukazuje, že v oblasti sportovního dopingu nahrazuje často jasnější, jednodušší a vhodnější redukcionistické hledisko kolektivní pohled a vinu přičítá téměř výhradně danému atletovi. Konečné rozhodnutí vpravit do svého těla zakázanou látku bezpochyby činí atlet, a ten je proto příčinně odpovědný za selhání při dopingové zkoušce. Tvrdím však, že příčinná odpovědnost není zásadní složkou společné odpovědnosti. Jen v těch nejvzácnějších případech dokáže atlet vyzkoumat, které látky budou nejúčinnější, sám látky zvyšující výkon vyrobit a použít je bez pomoci svých tren

Úvodník

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jana Dlouhá

2013-10-01

předminulého čísla Envigogiky pouští také Peter Sabo a Ľudmila Sabová – vymezují se vůči zatvrzelému „popírači kultury“ profesoru Šmajsovi, a stejně jako Jiří Nečas vidí cestu v navázání na její nejlepší tradice. Text publikujeme včetně recenzí, které přinášejí nové pohledy na tento problém a odkazy do literatury. Lehce se dotkneme i uměleckého uchopení přírody: jak funguje „umění v krajině“ popisuje v recenzi nově vydané knížky o land artu Hana Kolářová. A Jiří Olšovský se pokouší sdělit, jak lze do vztahu k přírodě vstoupit i dnes, ve věku ovládaném technikou. Do jiného soudku patří texty, které se zabývají rolí vědy a politiky při zařizování kvalitního, dlouhodobě udržitelného života. Vtipně a přitom s erudicí psaný text Františka Kožíška a Petra Pumanna se věnuje úskalím, která může potkat vědec, pokud chce svědomitě sdělit své výsledky veřejnosti. Autoři popisují, jak se postupně podstata jejich sdělení „ztratila v překladu“ do stručných mediálních zpráv a především jejich titulků – uvažují, jak by se dalo zkreslením tohoto druhu vyhnout, aniž by se věda uzavřela sama do sebe. I v tomto čísle se věnujeme možnostem hodnocení EV, tentokrát ve velmi komplexním a zasvěceném pohledu na environmentální gramotnost z dílny Petra Daniše, který nám podal zprávu (nejen o připravovaném výzkumu PISA v roce 2015. Osvětu veřejnosti v ochraně přírody a význam zapojení různých společenských skupin mají na mysli Peter Repka a Milada Švecová, když představují způsob, jak efektivně analyzovat management chráněných území. Jana Laciná a Vlastimil Kostkan se pokoušejí zprostředkovat široké veřejnosti nejnovější poznatky z přírodovědných i společensko-vědních oborů souvisejících se životním prostředím, a podávají nám o tom zprávu. Mozaiku doplňuje pohled do blízké minulosti