Optical properties of Ho3+-doped NaGd(WO4)2 crystal for laser materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Hongyan; Li, Jianfu; Jia, Guohua; You, Zhenyu; Yang, Fugui; Wei, Yanping; Wang, Yan; Zhu, Zhaojie; Lu, Xiuai; Tu, Chaoyang

2007-01-01

Holmium doped sodium gadolinium tungstate crystals with sizes of about O20 mm x 40 mm were grown successfully by the Czochralski technique along the (0 0 1) orientation. Polarized absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and fluorescence decay curve of Ho 3+ -doped NaGd(WO 4 ) 2 have been recorded at room temperature. Based on the Judd-Ofelt theory, three intensity parameters were obtained. The spectroscopic parameters of this crystal such as the oscillator strengths, radiative transition probabilities, radiative lifetimes as well as the branching ratios were calculated. The fluorescence lifetime τ f of the 5 S 2 level was measured to be 5 μs

Structural and magnetic properties of two branches of the tripod-kagome-lattice family A2R3Sb3O14 (A = Mg, Zn; R = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb)

Science.gov (United States)

Dun, Z. L.; Trinh, J.; Lee, M.; Choi, E. S.; Li, K.; Hu, Y. F.; Wang, Y. X.; Blanc, N.; Ramirez, A. P.; Zhou, H. D.

2017-03-01

We present a systematic study of the structural and magnetic properties of two branches of the rare-earth tripod-kagome-lattice (TKL) family A2R3Sb3O14 (A = Mg, Zn; R = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb; here, we use abbreviation A-R, as in MgPr for Mg2Pr3Sb3O14 ), which complements our previously reported work on MgDy, MgGd, and MgEr [Z. L. Dun et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 157201 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.157201]. The present susceptibility (χdc, χac) and specific-heat measurements reveal various magnetic ground states, including the nonmagnetic singlet state for MgPr, ZnPr; long-range orderings (LROs) for MgGd, ZnGd, MgNd, ZnNd, and MgYb; a long-range magnetic charge ordered state for MgDy, ZnDy, and potentially for MgHo; possible spin-glass states for ZnEr, ZnHo; the absence of spin ordering down to 80 mK for MgEr, MgTb, ZnTb, and ZnYb compounds. The ground states observed here bear both similarities as well as striking differences from the states found in the parent pyrochlore systems. In particular, while the TKLs display a greater tendency towards LRO, the lack of LRO in MgHo, MgTb, and ZnTb can be viewed from the standpoint of a balance among spin-spin interactions, anisotropies, and non-Kramers nature of single-ion state. While substituting Zn for Mg changes the chemical pressure, and subtly modifies the interaction energies for compounds with larger R ions, this substitution introduces structural disorder and modifies the ground states for compounds with smaller R ions (Ho, Er, Yb).

Competing exchange interactions and their relevance for the magnetisation process in RMn6-xCrxSn6 powders (R=Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brabers, J.H.V.J.; Zhou, G.F.; Colpa, J.H.P.; Buschow, K.H.J.; De Boer, F.R.

1994-01-01

The free-powder magnetisation of RMn 6-x Cr x Sn 6 compounds has been measured for compounds with R=Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er in fields up to 38 T, and interpreted in terms of a simple model, which is also outlined in this paper. From the measurements, estimates for the R-3d mean-field coupling constant (n RT ) could be derived for the cases where R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er. In turn, the n RT values can be related to the microscopic spin-coupling constant (J RT ). In the case of YMn 6 Sn 6 the high-field measurement presents evidence for a very weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the Mn layers. Furthermore, values for the Mn moments (μ Mn ) were also derived from the magnetisation measurements. The estimated μ Mn values are of the order of 2.0 μ B . ((orig.))

Study of X-ray L2 absorption edges of Gd, Dy, Ho and Er in metals and compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Agarwal, B.K.; Agarwal, B.R.K.

1978-01-01

The positions and shapes of L2 X-ray absorption edges of Gd, Dy, Ho and Er have been studied in metals and in oxides and chlorides, using a forty centimetre bent mica crystal spectrograph. It has been found that the L2 edge shifts towards the high energy side in the compounds and that the chemical shift ΔE depends on the degree of covalency involved. The white line structure at the edge has been analysed in terms of transitions of L2 shell electron to optical nd (n >= 5) states. (author)

Controllable upconversion luminescence and temperature sensing behavior in NaGdF4:Yb3+/Ho3+/Ce3+ nano-phosphors

Science.gov (United States)

Pang, Tao; Wang, Jiajun

2018-01-01

The hexagonal NaGdF4:Yb3+/Ho3+/Ce3+ nano-phosphors are synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Under 980 nm excitation, the phosphor emits green, red and far-red light in the visible wavelength region, corresponding to the 5S2/5F4 → 5I8, 5F5 → 5I8 and 5S2/5F4 → 5I7 transitions of Ho3+ ions, respectively. When adjusting the Ce3+ concentration from 0% to 16%, the dominant wavelength shifts ˜43 nm toward the longer wavelength. Two cross-relaxation processes between Ho3+ and Ce3+ are responsible for the change in chromaticity. Also, the ability of the Ce3+ concentration to regulate the luminescence color depends on the pumping power and temperature of samples. More interestingly, the phosphors are potentially applicable as the optical thermometric materials. In the case of 16% Ce3+ doping, the maximum sensitivity (0.1446 K-1) about 4-35 times as high as the reported values of several typical thermometric materials is obtained.

Nitrato-complexes of Y(III), La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Gd(III), Tb(III), Dy(III) and Ho(III) with 2-(2'-pyridyl) benzimidazole

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mishra, A; Singh, M P; Singh, V K

1982-05-01

The nitrato-complexes, (Y(PyBzH)/sub 2/(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/)NO/sub 3/.H/sub 2/O and Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho ; n=1-3, m=0-0.5 ; PyBzh=2-(2 -pyridyl)benzimidazole) are formed on interaction of the ligand with metal nitrates in ethanol. The electrical conductance values (116-129 ohm/sup -1/cm/sup 2/mol/sup -1/) suggest 1:1 electrolyte-nature of the complexes. Magnetic moment values of Ce(2.53 B.M.), Pr(3.62 B.M.), Nd(3.52 B.M.), Sm(1.70 B.M.), Gd(8.06 B.M.), Tb(9.44 B.M.), Dy(10.56 B.M.) and Ho(10.51 B.M.) in the complexes confirm the positive state of the metals. Infrared evidences are obtained for the existance of both coordinated (C/sub 2/v) and uncoordinated (D/sub 3/h) nitrate groups. Electronic absorption spectra of Pr(III)-, Nd(III)-, Sm(III)-, Tb(III)-, Dy(III)- and Ho(III)-complexes have been analysed in the light of LSJ terms.

Nitrato-complexes of Y(III), La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Gd(III), Tb(III), Dy(III) and Ho(III) with 2-(2'-pyridyl) benzimidazole

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mishra, A.; Singh, M.P.; Singh, V.K.

1982-01-01

The nitrato-complexes, [Y(PyBzH) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ]NO 3 .H 2 O and Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho ; n=1-3, m=0-0.5 ; PyBzh=2-(2 -pyridyl)benzimidazole] are formed on interaction of the ligand with metal nitrates in ethanol. The electrical conductance values (116-129 ohm -1 cm 2 mol -1 ) suggest 1:1 electrolyte-nature of the complexes. Magnetic moment values of Ce(2.53 B.M.), Pr(3.62 B.M.), Nd(3.52 B.M.), Sm(1.70 B.M.), Gd(8.06 B.M.), Tb(9.44 B.M.), Dy(10.56 B.M.) and Ho(10.51 B.M.) in the complexes confirm the terpositive state of the metals. Infrared evidences are obtained for the existance of both coordinated (C 2 v) and uncoordinated (D 3 h) nitrate groups. Electronic absorption spectra of Pr(III)-, Nd(III)-, Sm(III)-, Tb(III)-, Dy(III)- and Ho(III)-complexes have been analysed in the light of LSJ terms. (author)

Crystal Chemistry and Photocatalytic Properties of RE4S4Te3 (RE = Gd, Ho, Er, Tm): Experimental and Theoretical Investigations.

Science.gov (United States)

Chi, Yang; Rong, Liang-Zhen; Suen, Nian-Tzu; Xue, Huai-Guo; Guo, Sheng-Ping

2018-04-25

Reported are the synthesis and structural characterization of a new series of ternary rare-earth mix-chalcogenides RE 4 S 4 Te 3 (RE = Gd, Ho, Er, Tm) that have been obtained from high-temperature solid state reactions. These compounds crystallize in Ho 4 S 4 Te 2.68 structure types with monoclinic C2/ m and/or orthorhombic Immm space groups. The space group variation within this series is due to the position disorder along the Te plane (Te to TeA and TeB). The structural relationship and change between these two space groups are analyzed. It is realized that these compounds are all photocatalytic active under simulated sunlight. The trend of their photocatalytic activities and photocurrent responses is well-explained by using theoretical calculation as well as dipole moment analysis.

Thermochemistry of certain rare earth and ammonium double chlorides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Usubaliev, D.U.; Abramtsev, V.A.; Kydynov, M.K.; Vilyaev, A.N.

1987-01-01

In a calorimeter with isothermal casing at 25 deg C dissolution enthalpies of double chlorides of rare earths and ammonium LnCl 3 x2NH 4 Cl (Ln=La, Sm) and LnCl 3 x3NH 4 Cl (Ln=Gd, Tb, Ho) in water, as well as dissolution enthalpy of rare earth chlorides in solution of ammonium chloride and NH 4 Cl in solution of rare earth chloride, have been measured. Formation enthalpies, standard formation enthalpies, dissociation enthalpies of the above-mentioned double chlorides are calculated

Passively Q-switched self-frequency-doubled Nd3+:GdCa4O(BO3)3 laser

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Xingyu; Zhao, Shengzhi; Wang, Qingpu; Zhang, Shujun; Sun, Lianke; Liu, Xunmin; Zhang, Shaojun; Chen, Huanchu

2001-01-01

The performance of a flash-lamp-pumped self-frequency-doubled Nd 3+ :GdCa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 (Nd:GdCOB) laser that is passively Q switched with Cr 4+ :YAG saturable absorbers is demonstrated. The maximum 0.53-μm pulse energy obtained is 2.6 mJ, and the maximum peak intensity is 15 MW/cm2. The dependence of the pulse characteristics on the orientation of the saturable absorber and on the cavity length is measured. Meanwhile, the transversal distribution of the intracavity photon density is taken into account in the rate equations for an intracavity frequency-doubled passively Q-switched laser, and the solutions are used to account for the behavior of the passively Q-switched Nd:GdCOB laser. [copyright] 2001 Optical Society of America

Structural relative stabilities and pressure-induced phase transitions for lanthanide trihydrides REH{sub 3} (RE=Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kong Bo, E-mail: kong79@yeah.net [National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 (China); College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China); Zhang Lin, E-mail: zhanglinbox@263.net [National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 (China); Chen Xiangrong [College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 (China); Zeng Tixian [College of Physics and Electronic Information, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002 (China); Cai Lingcang [National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900 (China)

2012-06-15

The structures, structural relative stabilities, pressure-induced phase transitions, and equations of state for lanthanide trihydrides REH{sub 3} (RE=Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu) are systematically studied using ab initio calculations under a core state model (CSM). The obtained ground-state parameters, such as lattice constants and bulk modulus, agree well with the available data. Among the P6{sub 3}/mm, P3-bar c1, and P6{sub 3}cm structures, the P6{sub 3}cm structure is found to be the most stable structure for lanthanide trihydride via the comparison of the calculated total energies. With the help of Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, the structural transitions from hexagonal to cubic for REH{sub 3} (RE=Sm, Gd, Ho, Er, and Lu) under pressure are affirmed; especially, the similar behavior of REH{sub 3} (RE= Tb, Dy, and Tm) is reasonably predicted for the first time by this means. For the transitions, the repulsive interactions of H-H atoms may play an important role in terms of the analysis of the structures in the vicinity of the theoretical phase transition.

Critical evaluation and thermodynamic optimisation of the Si-RE systems: Part II. Si-RE system (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu and Y)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Junghwan; Jung, In-Ho

2015-01-01

Highlights: • The (Si-RE) (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu and Y) systems have been reviewed. • The thermodynamic optimization of the (Si-RE) systems have been performed. • Systematic changes and similarities in the (Si-RE) systems were found. • The systematic approach resolved inconsistencies in the experimental data. • The systematic approach was used to assess the unexplored phase diagrams. - Abstract: A critical evaluation and optimisation of all available phase diagrams and thermodynamic data of the (Si-RE) (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu and Y) systems was conducted to obtain reliable thermodynamic functions of all the phases in the system. In the thermodynamic modelling, a systematic analysis involving the similarity and periodicity observed in the lanthanide series was applied to resolve inconsistencies in the experimental data and to estimate the unknown thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria data. In particular, the phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of (Si-Tm) and (Si-Lu) systems which are rarely investigated can be predicted from this approach. Systematic trends in thermodynamic properties of solid and liquid phases and phase diagram of the entire (Si-RE) systems were summarized

Optical and magneto-optical properties of single crystals of RFe{sub 2} (R = Gd, Tb, Ho, and Lu) and GdCo{sub 2} intermetallic compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, S.J.

1999-02-12

The author has studied the diagonal and off-diagonal optical conductivity of RFe{sub 2}(R = Gd, Tb, Ho, Lu) and GdCo{sub 2} single crystals grown by the flux method. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry the author has measured the dielectric function from 1.5 to 5.5 eV. The magneto-optical Kerr spectrometer at temperatures between 7 and 295 K and applied magnetic fields between 0.5 to 1.6 T. The apparatus and calibration method are described in detail. Using magneto-optical data and optical constants he derives the experimental value of the off-diagonal conductivity components. Theoretical calculations of optical conductivities and magneto-optical parameters were performed using the tight binding-linear muffin tin orbitals method within the local spin density approximation. He applied this TB-LMTO method to LuFe{sub 2}. The theoretical results obtained agree well with the experimental data. The oxidation effects on the diagonal part of the optical conductivity were considered using a three-phase model. The oxidation effects on the magneto-optical parameters were also considered by treating the oxide layer as a nonmagnetic thin transparent layer. These corrections change not only the magnitude but also the shape of the optical conductivity and the magneto-optical parameters.

General synthesis and structural evolution of a layered family of Ln8(OH)20Cl4 x nH2O (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Y).

Science.gov (United States)

Geng, Fengxia; Matsushita, Yoshitaka; Ma, Renzhi; Xin, Hao; Tanaka, Masahiko; Izumi, Fujio; Iyi, Nobuo; Sasaki, Takayoshi

2008-12-03

The synthesis process and crystal structure evolution for a family of stoichiometric layered rare-earth hydroxides with general formula Ln(8)(OH)(20)Cl(4) x nH(2)O (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Y; n approximately 6-7) are described. Synthesis was accomplished through homogeneous precipitation of LnCl(3) x xH(2)O with hexamethylenetetramine to yield a single-phase product for Sm-Er and Y. Some minor coexisting phases were observed for Nd(3+) and Tm(3+), indicating a size limit for this layered series. Light lanthanides (Nd, Sm, Eu) crystallized into rectangular platelets, whereas platelets of heavy lanthanides from Gd tended to be of quasi-hexagonal morphology. Rietveld profile analysis revealed that all phases were isostructural in an orthorhombic layered structure featuring a positively charged layer, [Ln(8)(OH)(20)(H(2)O)(n)](4+), and interlayer charge-balancing Cl(-) ions. In-plane lattice parameters a and b decreased nearly linearly with a decrease in the rare-earth cation size. The interlamellar distance, c, was almost constant (approximately 8.70 A) for rare-earth elements Nd(3+), Sm(3+), and Eu(3+), but it suddenly decreased to approximately 8.45 A for Tb(3+), Dy(3+), Ho(3+), and Er(3+), which can be ascribed to two different degrees of hydration. Nd(3+) typically adopted a phase with high hydration, whereas a low-hydration phase was preferred for Tb(3+), Dy(3+), Ho(3+), Er(3+), and Tm(3+). Sm(3+), Eu(3+), and Gd(3+) samples were sensitive to humidity conditions because high- and low-hydration phases were interconvertible at a critical humidity of 10%, 20%, and 50%, respectively, as supported by both X-ray diffraction and gravimetry as a function of the relative humidity. In the phase conversion process, interlayer expansion or contraction of approximately 0.2 A also occurred as a possible consequence of absorption/desorption of H(2)O molecules. The hydration difference was also evidenced by refinement results. The number of coordinated water

Microstructural analyses and critical current densities in the high-Tc superconductor system ReBa2Cu3OX, with RE = Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schindler, G.; Seebacher, B.

1989-01-01

The authors report on investigations into the impact of the rare earths (RE) as given in the title on the ceramic microstructure and the critical current density j c in the superconductor system REBa 2 Cu 3 O x . With RE = Sm, Eu, or Gd, the material is homogeneous in phase and crystallizes in platelets with maximum sizes of up to 350 μm. Material with RE = Y, Dy, or Ho exhibits grain sizes up to 500 μm, and a low amount of phase inhomogeneities. The critical currents measured are between 25 Acm -2 and 290 Acm -2 at 77 K, without external field. The highest values are found in systems with RE = Eu or Gd. (orig.) [de

Synthesis under ambient pressure and tri-axial magnetic orientation in REBa2Cu4O8 (RE = Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamaki, M.; Horii, S.; Haruta, M.; Maeda, T.; Shimoyama, J.

2011-01-01

REBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 (RE124) was synthesized by a flux method in ambient pressure for RE = Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho and Er. Tri-axial orientation of RE124 was achieved in a modulated rotating magnetic field of 10 T. Orientation axes in RE124 depended on the type of RE. Magnetization axes were determined from magnetic anisotropies of Cu and RE ions. We report the rare-earth (RE)-dependent magnetization axes of REBa 2 Cu 4 O 8 , which was synthesized by a flux method under ambient pressure, using powder samples tri-axially oriented in a modulated rotating magnetic field of 10 T. By optimizing the growth temperature and cooling rate, RE124 crystals were successfully grown for RE = Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, and Er. From the X-ray diffraction measurement, the magnetically oriented directions were largely dependent on the type of RE ions of RE124. However, the tri-axial magnetic anisotropies of RE124 could be qualitatively understood in terms of the magnitude relation between the single-ion magnetic anisotropy of RE 3+ ions and the magnetic anisotropy generated by the CuO 2 plane and Cu-O chain. For the practical use of this magneto-scientific process, the control of magnetization axes and tri-axial magnetic anisotropies through crystallochemical control is indispensable.

Rare earth elements in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. [Pr, Tb, Ho, Tm, Lu, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Yb, Ce

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baar, H J.W. de; Bacon, M P; Brewer, P G; Bruland, K W

1985-09-01

The first profiles of Pr, Tb, Ho, Tm and Lu in the Pacific Ocean, as well as profiles of La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd and Yb are reported. Concentrations of REE (except Ce) in the deep water are two to three times higher than those observed in the deep Atlantic Ocean. Surface water concentrations are typically lower than in the Atlantic Ocean, especially for the heavier elements Ho,Tm,Yb and Lu. Cerium is strongly depleted in the Pacific water column, but less so in the oxygen minimum zone. The distribution of the REE group is consistent with two simultaneous processes: (1) cycling similar to that of opal and calcium carbonate, and (2) adsorptive scavenging by settling particles and possibly by uptake at ocean boundaries. However, the first process can probably not be sustained by the low REE contents of shells, unless additional adsorption on surfaces is invoked. The second process, adsorptive scavenging, largely controls the oceanic distribution and typical seawater pattern of the rare earths. (author).

Synthesis, structural characterization, luminescent properties and theoretical study of three novel lanthanide metal-organic frameworks of Ho(III), Gd(III) and Eu(III) with 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate anion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marques, Lippy F. [Instituto de Química, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013 (Brazil); Correa, Charlane C. [Departamento de Química-ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora-MG, 36036-330 (Brazil); Ribeiro, Sidney J.L.; Santos, Molíria V. dos [Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University − UNESP, CP 355 Araraquara-SP 14801-970 Brazil (Brazil); Dutra, José Diogo L.; Freire, Ricardo O. [Pople Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE 49100-000 (Brazil); Machado, Flávia C., E-mail: flavia.machado@ufjf.edu.br [Departamento de Química-ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora-MG, 36036-330 (Brazil)

2015-07-15

In this paper, the synthesis of three new metal-organic frameworks of lanthanides (LnMOFs) ([Ln{sub 2}(2,5-tdc){sub 3}(dmso){sub 2}]·H{sub 2}O){sub n} (Ln=Ho (1); Gd (2); Eu (3); 2,5-tdc=2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate anion; dmso=dimethylsulfoxide), and their complete characterization, including single crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis are reported. In especial, photophysical properties of Eu(III) complex have been studied in detail via both theoretical and experimental approaches. Crystal structure of (1) reveals that each lanthanide ion is seven-coordinated by oxygen atoms in an overall distorted capped trigonal – prismatic geometry. The 2,5-tdc{sup 2−} ligands connect four Ln(III) centers, adopting (κ{sup 1}–κ{sup 1})–(κ{sup 1}–κ{sup 1})–μ{sub 4} coordination mode, generating an 8-connected uninodal 3D network. In addition, theoretical studies for Eu(III) complex were performed using the Sparkle model for lanthanide complexes. - Graphical abstract: Three new metal-organic frameworks of lanthanides (LnMOFs) ([Ln{sub 2}(2,5-tdc){sub 3}(dmso){sub 2}]·H{sub 2}O){sub n} (Ln=Ho (1); Gd (2); Eu (3); 2,5-tdc=2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate anion; dmso=dimethylsulfoxide), were synthesized and their complete characterization, including single crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis are reported. In especial, photophysical properties of Eu(III) complex have been studied in detail via both theoretical and experimental approaches. - Highlights: • Three new LnMOFs were synthesized and fully characterized. • Ho{sup 3+}, Gd{sup 3+} and Eu{sup 3+} complexes photoluminescence properties were investigated. • Theoretical approaches for Eu{sup 3+} complex luminescence has been performed. • An energy level diagram is used to establish the ligand-to-metal energy transfer. • These metal−organic frameworks can act as light conversion molecular devices.

Complexes of o-Vanillin oxime with La(III), Ce(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Gd(III), Tb(III), Dy(III), Ho(III) and Yb(III)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dhar, M.L.; Gupta, V.K.; Singh, Onkar

1988-01-01

Ten complexes of lanthanides with o-vanillin oxime have been swynthesised and characterised. The composition of the complexes as determined by elemental and thermal analyses, infrared electronic spectral and magnetic moment studies is [Ln(C 8 H 8 NO 3 ) 3 .XH 2 O], where X=2 when Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and X=3 when Ln=Gd, Dy, Tb, Ho, Yb; C 8 H 8 NO 3 - represents the anion of the ligand. (author). 16 refs., 2 figs., 2 tables

Antiferromagnetic ordering in GdRhIn{sub 5}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Latka, K.; Rams, M. [Marian Smoluchowski Inst. of Physics, Jagiellonian Univ., Krakow (Poland); Kmiec, R.; Pacyna, A.W. [Henryk Niewodniczanski Inst. of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow (Poland); Zaremba, V.I. [Inorganic Chemistry Dept., Ivan Franko National Univ. of Lviv, Lviv (Ukraine); Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Univ. Muenster (Germany); Poettgen, R. [Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Univ. Muenster (Germany)

2004-09-01

A polycrystalline sample of tetragonal GdRhIn{sub 5} (HoCoGa{sub 5} type, space group P4/mmm) was obtained by induction melting of the elements in a glassy carbon crucible in a water-cooled sample chamber and subsequent annealing at 670 K. X-ray powder data yielded the cell parameters a = 460.65(7), c = 743.52(12) pm. The magnetic and electronic properties of GdRhIn{sub 5} have been studied by magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and {sup 155}Gd Moessbauer spectroscopic measurements. Antiferromagnetic ordering is detected at 41.0(2) K. The results are discussed using a simple molecular field approximation. (orig.)

Effect of crystalline electric field on heat capacity of LnBaCuFeO5 (Ln = Gd, Ho, Yb)

Science.gov (United States)

Lal, Surender; Mukherjee, K.; Yadav, C. S.

2018-02-01

Structural, magnetic and thermodynamic properties of layered perovskite compounds LnBaCuFeO5 (Ln = Ho, Gd, Yb) have been investigated. Unlike the iso-structural compound YBaCuFeO5, which shows commensurate antiferromagnetic to incommensurate antiferromagnetic ordering below ∼200 K, the studied compounds do not show any magnetic transition in measured temperature range of 2-350 K. The high temperature heat capacity of the compounds is understood by employing contributions from both optical and acoustic phonons. At low temperature, the observed upturn in the heat capacity is attributed to the Schottky anomaly. The magnetic field dependent heat capacity shows the variation in position of the anomaly with temperature, which appears due to the removal of ground state degeneracy of the rare earth ions, by the crystalline electric field.

AN ELISA ASSAY FOR HEME OXYGENASE (HO-1)

Science.gov (United States)

An ELISA assay for heme oxygenase (HO-l ) Abstract A double antibody capture ELISA for the HO-l protein has been developed to separately quantitate HO-I protein. The use of 2.5% NP40 detergent greatly assists in freeing HO-l protein from membranes and/or other cel...

Electronic and magnetic properties of R0.5A0.5MnO3 compounds (R=Gd, Dy, Ho, Er; A=Sr, Ca)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Terai, T.; Sasaki, T.; Kakeshita, T.; Fukuda, T.; Saburi, T.; Kitagawa, H.; Kindo, K.; Honda, M.

2000-01-01

Electronic and magnetic properties of the perovskitelike compounds of R 0.5 A 0.5 MnO 3 (R=Gd, Dy, Ho, Er; A=Sr, Ca) have been studied by measuring lattice parameter, electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and magnetization. All the Sr-doped compounds show a transition from a paramagnetic insulator to a spin-glass-like insulator at T g , even though the manganite La 0.5 Ca 0.5 MnO 3 , with nearly the same tolerance factor t, have been shown by others, to have different transitions. On the other hand, all the Ca-doped compounds show a charge-ordering transition at T CO and show a transition from a paramagnetic insulator to a canted antiferromagnetic insulator and/or a spin-glass-like insulator at T CA below T CO . These transition temperatures decrease with decreasing t. In the compound of Gd 0.5 Ca 0.5 MnO 3 , the collapse of the charge ordering has been observed under a pulsed high magnetic field of 45 T at 4.2 K. On the other hand, in the compound of Gd 0.5 Sr 0.5 MnO 3 , the magnetization process depends on the strength of magnetic field. These electronic and magnetic properties depend not only on the tolerance factor but also the variance (second moment) of the A-site ion radii distribution

Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (Gd-MRA) of thoracic vasculature in an animal model using double-dose gadolinium and quiet breathing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hernandez, R.J.; Strouse, P.J. [Section of Pediatric Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (United States); Londy, F.J. [Dept. of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Wakefield, T.W. [Dept. of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Hospitals, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

2001-08-01

Objective. To evaluate a gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (Gd-MRA) imaging protocol for the assessment of thoracic vessels using double-dose gadolinium and quiet breathing. An animal model was used to simulate imaging in infants and young children. Material and methods. Six baboons (Papio anubis), mean weight 5.7 kg, were sedated and intubated. After the injection of double-dose Gd-DTPA (0.2 mmol/kg) through a peripheral vein, a coronal spoiled 3D gradient-echo volume acquisition was obtained during quiet breathing. Two radiologists reviewed the images for visualization of aortic arch, brachiocephalic vessel origins, pulmonary arteries (central, upper lobe and descending branches), and pulmonary veins (upper and lower). Results. Visualization was excellent for the aortic arch, brachiocephalic vessel origins, and pulmonary arteries, including the hilar branches. Visualization was excellent for the lower and right upper pulmonary veins and fair for the left upper pulmonary vein. There was excellent agreement between radiologists. Conclusion. Imaging of thoracic vessels with Gd-MRA using double gadolinium during quiet breathing was effective in our animal model. The advantages of this technique include a short imaging time and depiction of vascular segments - branches of pulmonary arteries and intraparenchymal segments of pulmonary veins - not optimally visualized with other non-invasive imaging techniques. (orig.)

Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (Gd-MRA) of thoracic vasculature in an animal model using double-dose gadolinium and quiet breathing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hernandez, R.J.; Strouse, P.J.; Londy, F.J.; Wakefield, T.W.

2001-01-01

Objective. To evaluate a gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (Gd-MRA) imaging protocol for the assessment of thoracic vessels using double-dose gadolinium and quiet breathing. An animal model was used to simulate imaging in infants and young children. Material and methods. Six baboons (Papio anubis), mean weight 5.7 kg, were sedated and intubated. After the injection of double-dose Gd-DTPA (0.2 mmol/kg) through a peripheral vein, a coronal spoiled 3D gradient-echo volume acquisition was obtained during quiet breathing. Two radiologists reviewed the images for visualization of aortic arch, brachiocephalic vessel origins, pulmonary arteries (central, upper lobe and descending branches), and pulmonary veins (upper and lower). Results. Visualization was excellent for the aortic arch, brachiocephalic vessel origins, and pulmonary arteries, including the hilar branches. Visualization was excellent for the lower and right upper pulmonary veins and fair for the left upper pulmonary vein. There was excellent agreement between radiologists. Conclusion. Imaging of thoracic vessels with Gd-MRA using double gadolinium during quiet breathing was effective in our animal model. The advantages of this technique include a short imaging time and depiction of vascular segments - branches of pulmonary arteries and intraparenchymal segments of pulmonary veins - not optimally visualized with other non-invasive imaging techniques. (orig.)

Magnetization fluctuation analysis and superconducting parameters of La0.5RE0.5BaCaCu3O7-δ(RE=Y, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb) superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parra Vargas, C.A.; Pimentel, J.L.; Pureur, P.; Landinez Tellez, D.A.; Roa-Rojas, J.

2009-01-01

In this work we report the analysis of magnetization experimental data of the La 0.5 RE 0.5 BaCaCu 3 O 7-δ (RE=Y, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb) superconducting system. The data are analyzed in terms of thermal fluctuations on the magnetization excess ΔM(T) for different values of temperature in each one of the samples. We describe a procedure for extracting the penetration depth λ ab (∼1571A) and the coherence length ξ ab (∼1.52A) parameters from the magnetization, as a function of the applied magnetic field. This procedure was performed for polycrystalline samples of La 0.5 RE 0.5 BaCaCu 3 O 7-δ by using the theory of Bulaevskii, Ledvij and Kogan, which analyzes the vortex fluctuation in superconducting materials within the Lawrence-Doniach framework. These data allowed to determine the characteristic temperature value T * (73, 58, 48, 57, 56, 71 K, for RE=Y, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb, respectively) in the magnetization curves for several magnetic fields. We calculated the data of magnetization excess from the curves of magnetization as a function of logarithm of applied field. We notice that the values for these superconducting parameters are in agreement with the reports for high temperature superconductors. The obtained value of superconducting volumetric fraction is compared with that obtained through the measure of the Meissner effect.

Absorption Spectra of BaF2 Sm2O3, Sm, Gd, and Ho Plasmas

Science.gov (United States)

Martin, Michael; Bastiani-Ceccotti, Serena

2009-11-01

Knowledge of the opacities of high Z element plasmas is important in indirect drive ICF and the study of stellar evolution. There are few experimental measurements of this quantity, and its theoretical determination is difficult due to the number of possible bound electron configurations. This study aims to better the theoretical understanding of this parameter by looking at the 3d-4f transitions of BaF2, Sm2O3, Sm, Gd, and Ho plasmas at the LULI2000 facility. The plasmas are produced by radiative heating and are cold, 15 -- 40 eV, and relatively dense, ˜ .01gm/cm^3 A plasma is produced by a .5 ns laser pulse irradiating a gold hohlraum and then probed by an x-ray source created by a gold foil irradiated by a 10 ps laser pulse. The transmission is found with simultaneous source and absorption measurements by an x-ray spectrometer in the 8 - 20 å range We will compare the results with statistical atomic structure codes. From this experiment we will gain further insight into the spectral broadening of neighboring Z elements due to changing plasma temperature and into mixture thermodynamics. This is a first step towards an experimental study of astrophysical domains.

Effects of pressure and magnetic field on transport properties of Y1-xRxCo2 alloys (R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takaesu, Y; Nakama, T; Kinjyo, A; Yonamine, S; Hedo, M; Yagasaki, K; Uchima, K; Uwatoko, Y; Burkov, A T

2010-01-01

Electrical resistivity ρ and thermopower S of Y 1-x R x Co 2 (R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Er) Laves phase alloy systems were measured at temperatures from 1.5 K to 300 K in magnetic fields up to 15 T and under hydrostatic pressure up to 2 GPa. We show that there is a universal linear relation between the pressure and magnetic field derivatives of the resistivity, dρ/dP and dρ/dB, with gradient, determined by pressure derivative of the critical metamagnetic field of the cobalt 3d electron system. A similar scaling behavior was found for the thermopower dependencies on pressure and alloy composition.

Effect of double layer thickness on magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic BaTiO3-Bi0.95Gd0.05FeO3 multilayers

Science.gov (United States)

Hohenberger, S.; Lazenka, V.; Temst, K.; Selle, S.; Patzig, C.; Höche, T.; Grundmann, M.; Lorenz, M.

2018-05-01

The effect of double-layer thickness and partial substitution of Bi3+ by Gd3+ is demonstrated for multiferroic BaTiO3–BiFeO3 2–2 heterostructures. Multilayers of 15 double layers of BaTiO3 and Bi0.95Gd0.05FeO3 were deposited onto (0 0 1) oriented SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition with various double layer thicknesses. X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed a systematic strain tuning with layer thickness via coherently strained interfaces. The multilayers show increasingly enhanced magnetoelectric coupling with reduced double layer thickness. The maximum magnetoelectric coupling coefficient was measured to be as high as 50.8 V cm‑1 Oe‑1 in 0 T DC bias magnetic field at room temperature, and 54.9 V cm‑1 Oe‑1 above 3 T for the sample with the thinnest double layer thickness of 22.5 nm. This enhancement is accompanied by progressively increasing perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and compressive out-of-plane strain. To understand the origin of the enhanced magnetoelectric coupling in such multilayers, the temperature and magnetic field dependency of is discussed. The magnetoelectric performance of the Gd3+ substituted samples is found to be slightly enhanced when compared to unsubstituted BaTiO3–BiFeO3 multilayers of comparable double-layer thickness.

A Q-switched Ho:YAG laser with double anti-misalignment corner cubes pumped by a diode-pumped Tm:YLF laser

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Y. P.; Dai, T. Y.; Wu, J.; Ju, Y. L.; Yao, B. Q.

2018-06-01

We report the acousto-optically Q-switched Ho:YAG laser with double anti-misalignment corner cubes pumped by a diode-pumped Tm:YLF laser. In the continuous-wave operation of Ho:YAG laser, the maximum s-polarized output power of 3.2 W at 2090.3 nm was obtained under the absorbed pump power of 12.9 W by rotating the fast axis of quarter-wave plate to change the output transmission of laser cavity. The corresponding optical-to-optical conversion efficiency was 24.8% and the slope efficiency was 55.7%. When one of the corner cubes was rotated to 11.8° around vertical direction or 6.7° around horizontal direction, the laser could still operate stably. For the Q-switched operation, the pulse energy of Ho:YAG laser was 9.9 mJ with a pulse width of 53 ns at the repetition rate of 100 Hz, resulting in a peak power of 186.8 kW. The beam quality factor M2 of Ho:YAG laser was 1.3.

A new entry in GdNCT. The nanodosimetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cerullo, Nicola; Bufalino, Domenico; Esposito, Juan

2006-01-01

The GdNCT is a recently proposed therapy, mainly based on the action of Auger and IC electrons, generated by 157 Gd after neutron activation. The energy carried out by these electrons is limited to about 1% of total energy of the reaction, but due to high electron LET, if the emitter is bound to DNA, their action is very effective. Some Gd compounds have the property to be bound to DNA. Therefore the evaluation of the DNA damage caused by the Gd-emitted electrons is a key issue. The DNA damage is due to almost double strand breaks (DSB) in the DNA double helix chain. The dimensions concerned are of the order of 2 to 3 nm. Therefore, in the study of GdNCT, besides macro and micro, we must use the new 'nanodosimetry', based on particle interactions in the nanometric sites. A general review on GdNCT state of the art and on the nanometric Monte Carlo computing techniques, applied to a DNA model, is here presented. (author)

Dual-wavelength mid-infrared CW and Q-switched laser in diode end-pumped Tm,Ho:GdYTaO4 crystal

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Beibei; Gao, Congcong; Dou, Renqin; Nie, Hongkun; Sun, Guihua; Liu, Wenpeng; Yu, Haijuan; Wang, Guoju; Zhang, Qingli; Lin, Xuechun; He, Jingliang; Wang, Wenjun; Zhang, Bingyuan

2018-02-01

Dual-wavelength continuous-wave and Q-switched lasers are demonstrated in a Tm,Ho:GdYTaO4 crystal under 790 nm laser diode end pumping for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The laser operates with a dual wavelength at 1949.677 nm and 2070 nm for continuous-wave with a spacing of about 120 nm. The maximum output power is 0.332 W with a pump power of 3 W. By using graphene as the saturable absorber, a passively Q-switched operation is performed with a dual-wavelength at 1950.323 nm and 2068.064 nm with a wavelength interval of about 118 nm. The maximum average output power of the Q-switched laser goes up to 200 mW with a minimum pulse duration of 1.2 µs and a maximum repetition rate of 34.72 kHz.

Time domain simulation of Gd3+-Gd3+ distance measurements by EPR

Science.gov (United States)

Manukovsky, Nurit; Feintuch, Akiva; Kuprov, Ilya; Goldfarb, Daniella

2017-07-01

Gd3+-based spin labels are useful as an alternative to nitroxides for intramolecular distance measurements at high fields in biological systems. However, double electron-electron resonance (DEER) measurements using model Gd3+ complexes featured a low modulation depth and an unexpected broadening of the distance distribution for short Gd3+-Gd3+ distances, when analysed using the software designed for S = 1/2 pairs. It appears that these effects result from the different spectroscopic characteristics of Gd3+—the high spin, the zero field splitting (ZFS), and the flip-flop terms in the dipolar Hamiltonian that are often ignored for spin-1/2 systems. An understanding of the factors affecting the modulation frequency and amplitude is essential for the correct analysis of Gd3+-Gd3+ DEER data and for the educated choice of experimental settings, such as Gd3+ spin label type and the pulse parameters. This work uses time-domain simulations of Gd3+-Gd3+ DEER by explicit density matrix propagation to elucidate the factors shaping Gd3+ DEER traces. The simulations show that mixing between the |+½, -½> and |-½, +½> states of the two spins, caused by the flip-flop term in the dipolar Hamiltonian, leads to dampening of the dipolar modulation. This effect may be mitigated by a large ZFS or by pulse frequency settings allowing for a decreased contribution of the central transition and the one adjacent to it. The simulations reproduce both the experimental line shapes of the Fourier-transforms of the DEER time domain traces and the trends in the behaviour of the modulation depth, thus enabling a more systematic design and analysis of Gd3+ DEER experiments.

Study of hyperfine interactions in intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In, Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In; Estudo de interacoes hiperfinas em compostos intermetalicos Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In, Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In e Ho(Ni,Pd)In

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lapolli, Andre Luis

2006-07-01

Systematic behavior of magnetic hyperfine field (B{sub hf}) in the intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In was studied by Perturbed Gamma-Gamma Angular Correlation spectroscopy. The measurements of B{sub hf} were carried out at the rare earth atom and in sites using the nuclear probes {sup 140}Ce and {sup 11}'1Cd respectively. The variation of hyperfine field with temperature, in most cases, follows the Brillouin function predicted from the molecular field theory. The hyperfine field values at rare earth atom sites obtained from {sup 140}Ce probe as well as at in sites obtained from {sup 111}Cd probe for each series of compounds were extrapolated to zero Kelvin B{sub hf}(T=0) from these curves. These values were compared with the values of the literature for other compounds containing the same rare earth element and all of them show a linear relationship with the ordering temperature. This indicates that the main contribution to B{sub hf} comes from the conduction electron polarization (CEP) through Fermi contact interaction and the principal mechanism of magnetic interaction in these compounds can be described by the RKKY type interaction. The values of B{sub hf}(T=0) for each family of intermetallic compounds RNiIn and RPdIn when plotted as a function of 4f spin projection of rare earth element also shows a linear relationship. Exceptions are the results for the compounds RNiIn obtained with {sup 111}Cd probe where a small deviation from linearity is observed. The results of the measurements carried out with the {sup 111}Cd probe were also analyzed to obtain the hyperfine parameters of the quadrupole interaction as a function of temperature for RPdln and GdNiIn compounds. The results show that for the compound GdPdIn there might be some Gd-In disorder at high temperature. (author)

Study of hyperfine interactions in intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In, Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In; Estudo de interacoes hiperfinas em compostos intermetalicos Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In, Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In e Ho(Ni,Pd)In

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lapolli, Andre Luis

2006-07-01

Systematic behavior of magnetic hyperfine field (B{sub hf}) in the intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In was studied by Perturbed Gamma-Gamma Angular Correlation spectroscopy. The measurements of B{sub hf} were carried out at the rare earth atom and in sites using the nuclear probes {sup 140}Ce and {sup 11}'1Cd respectively. The variation of hyperfine field with temperature, in most cases, follows the Brillouin function predicted from the molecular field theory. The hyperfine field values at rare earth atom sites obtained from {sup 140}Ce probe as well as at in sites obtained from {sup 111}Cd probe for each series of compounds were extrapolated to zero Kelvin B{sub hf}(T=0) from these curves. These values were compared with the values of the literature for other compounds containing the same rare earth element and all of them show a linear relationship with the ordering temperature. This indicates that the main contribution to B{sub hf} comes from the conduction electron polarization (CEP) through Fermi contact interaction and the principal mechanism of magnetic interaction in these compounds can be described by the RKKY type interaction. The values of B{sub hf}(T=0) for each family of intermetallic compounds RNiIn and RPdIn when plotted as a function of 4f spin projection of rare earth element also shows a linear relationship. Exceptions are the results for the compounds RNiIn obtained with {sup 111}Cd probe where a small deviation from linearity is observed. The results of the measurements carried out with the {sup 111}Cd probe were also analyzed to obtain the hyperfine parameters of the quadrupole interaction as a function of temperature for RPdln and GdNiIn compounds. The results show that for the compound GdPdIn there might be some Gd-In disorder at high temperature. (author)

Effect of double pinning mechanism in BSO-added GdBa2Cu3O7-x thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oh, J. Y.; Jeon, H. K.; Kang, B. [Dept. of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju (Korea, Republic of); Lee, J. M.; Kang, W. N. [Dept. of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon (Korea, Republic of)

2017-09-15

We investigated the effect of self-assembled BSO nano-defects as pinning centers in BSO-added GdBCO films when the thicknesses of films were varied. 3.5 vol. % BSO-added GdBCO films with varying thicknesses from 200 nm to 1000 nm were deposited on SrTiO3 (STO) substrate by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process. For the films with thicknesses of 400 nm and 600 nm, ‘anomaly shoulders’ in Jc - H characteristic curves were observed near the matching field. The anomaly shoulders appeared in the field dependence of Jc may be attributed to the existence of double pinning mechanisms in thin films. The fit to the pinning force density as a function of reduced field h (H/Hirr) using the Dew-Hughes’ scaling law shows that both the 400 nm- and the 600 nm-thick films have double pinning mechanisms while the other films have a single pinning mechanism. These results indicate that the self-assembled property of BSO result in different role as pinning centers with different thickness.

Photophysical electronic structure of double-perovskites A{sub 2}GdTaO{sub 6} (A = Ba and Sr)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ghosh, Binita, E-mail: ghosh.binita@gmail.com [Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009 (India); Dutta, Alo [Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009 (India); Shannigrahi, Santiranjan [Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602 (Singapore); Sinha, T.P. [Department of Physics, Bose Institute, 93/1 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009 (India)

2015-11-05

X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of double perovskite oxides, Ba{sub 2}GdTaO{sub 6} and Sr{sub 2}GdTaO{sub 6} are performed in the energy window of 0–1300 eV. Density functional theory calculations are initiated with the Vienna ab initio Simulation Package to understand the electronic structure of the systems. The calculated DOS has been compared with the experimental valence band XPS spectra. It has been observed that the Ta-5d and O-2p states are hybridized in the valence band. The chemical shifts of these compounds suggest a mixed ionic and covalent character of the bonds, which has been used to explain the electrical conduction mechanism of the systems. The calculated ratio of the spin-orbit interaction energy for Ba 3d and 4d states matches well with the observed experimental results. - Highlights: • DFT calculations of Ba{sub 2}GdTaO{sub 6} and Sr{sub 2}GdTaO{sub 6} have been performed with VASP. • XPS measurements are performed in the energy window of 0–1300 eV. • The calculated DOS has been compared with the valence band XPS spectra. • Chemical shifts from XPS spectra have been used to explain the conduction mechanism.

Structure, magnetism, and transport of single-crystalline R NiSi3 (R = Y, Gd-Tm, Lu)

Science.gov (United States)

Arantes, Fabiana R.; Aristizábal-Giraldo, Deisy; Masunaga, Sueli H.; Costa, Fanny N.; Ferreira, Fabio F.; Takabatake, Toshiro; Mendonça-Ferreira, Leticie; Ribeiro, Raquel A.; Avila, Marcos A.

2018-04-01

We report on the physical properties of the intermetallic series R NiSi3 (R =Y , Gd-Tm, Lu). High quality single crystals with platelike morphology were grown using the Sn flux method. X-ray powder diffraction data show that this series crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmmm, and Laue patterns indicate that the b axis remains perpendicular to the plane of the plates. Magnetization measurements show anisotropic antiferromagnetic ground states for R = Gd-Tm with Néel temperatures ranging from TN=2.6 K (TmNiSi3) up to 32.2 K (TbNiSi3), as well as metamagnetic transitions that in some cases appear together with hysteresis (TbNiSi3,DyNiSi3, and HoNiSi3). The easy axis changes from a axis to b axis on going from R = Gd-Ho to R = Er-Tm. All transitions from antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic states are clearly marked by sharp peaks in specific heat as well as in the derivative of resistivity measurements, which show metallic temperature dependence for all compounds and residual values in the range of 1 μ Ω cm . DyNiSi3 has two close phase transitions, while HoNiSi3 presents distinct critical temperatures for applied fields in the a or c directions (10.4 and 6.3 K, respectively), pointing to possible component-specific ordering of the local magnetic moments.

Binaries discovered by the SPY project V. GD 687 - a massive double degenerate binary progenitor that will merge within a Hubble time

OpenAIRE

Geier, S.; Heber, U.; Kupfer, T.; Napiwotzki, R.

2010-01-01

Aims. The ESO SN Ia Progenitor Survey (SPY) aims at finding merging double degenerate binaries as candidates for supernova type Ia (SN Ia) explosions. A white dwarf merger has also been suggested to explain the formation of rare types of stars like R CrB, extreme helium or He sdO stars. Here we present the hot subdwarf B binary GD 687, which will merge in less than a Hubble time. Methods. The orbital parameters of the close binary have been determined from time resolved spectroscopy. Since GD...

Continuous-wave laser at 440 nm based on frequency-doubled diode-pumped Nd:GdVO(4) crystal.

Science.gov (United States)

Castaing, Marc; Balembois, François; Georges, Patrick

2008-09-01

We present for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a frequency-doubled Nd:GdVO(4) laser operating in a cw on the pure three-level laser line at 880 nm. We obtained 300 mW at 440 nm for 23 W of incident pump power at 808 nm. Moreover, with a 25% output coupler we obtained a cw power of 1.9 W at the fundamental wavelength at 880 nm.

Study of hyperfine interactions in intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In, Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lapolli, Andre Luis

2006-01-01

Systematic behavior of magnetic hyperfine field (B hf ) in the intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In was studied by Perturbed Gamma-Gamma Angular Correlation spectroscopy. The measurements of B hf were carried out at the rare earth atom and in sites using the nuclear probes 140 Ce and 11 '1Cd respectively. The variation of hyperfine field with temperature, in most cases, follows the Brillouin function predicted from the molecular field theory. The hyperfine field values at rare earth atom sites obtained from 140 Ce probe as well as at in sites obtained from 111 Cd probe for each series of compounds were extrapolated to zero Kelvin B hf (T=0) from these curves. These values were compared with the values of the literature for other compounds containing the same rare earth element and all of them show a linear relationship with the ordering temperature. This indicates that the main contribution to B hf comes from the conduction electron polarization (CEP) through Fermi contact interaction and the principal mechanism of magnetic interaction in these compounds can be described by the RKKY type interaction. The values of B hf (T=0) for each family of intermetallic compounds RNiIn and RPdIn when plotted as a function of 4f spin projection of rare earth element also shows a linear relationship. Exceptions are the results for the compounds RNiIn obtained with 111 Cd probe where a small deviation from linearity is observed. The results of the measurements carried out with the 111 Cd probe were also analyzed to obtain the hyperfine parameters of the quadrupole interaction as a function of temperature for RPdln and GdNiIn compounds. The results show that for the compound GdPdIn there might be some Gd-In disorder at high temperature. (author)

Spectroscopic investigation of 2.0 μm emission in Ho3+-doped fluoroindate glasses

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oliveira, S L; Bell, M J V; Florez, A; Nunes, L A O

2006-01-01

In this paper we report the optical characterization of Ho 3+ -doped fluoroindate glasses with the following composition (40 - x)InF 3 -20SrF 2 -16BaF 2 -20ZnF 2 -2GdF 3 -2NaF-xHoF 3 with x = 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 9.0 mol%. This investigation was done by means of absorption, fluorescence and lifetime measurements. The phenomenological intensity parameters Ω λ (λ = 2, 4, 6) were calculated using the standard Judd-Ofelt theory. In order to evaluate potential applications of the 5 I 7 → 5 I 8 Ho 3+ emission at 2.0 μm, the radiative lifetime, total transition rate and emission cross section were determined. The effect of Ho 3+ concentration on the fluorescence intensity and lifetimes was analysed. It was concluded that the non-radiative losses of the 5 I 7 level are mainly due to energy migration among Ho 3+ ions followed by energy transfer to quenching impurities

New look at magnetism in single-crystal Gd-Y alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ito, T.; Legvold, S.; Beaudry, B.J.

1981-01-01

Magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and specific-heat measurements have been made on a number of polycrystalline and single-crystal samples of Gd-rich Gd-Y alloys. It has been found (i) that samples with more than 30 at. % Y exhibit a helical structure phase; (ii) that samples between 10 and 30 at. % Y exhibit two different Curie-Weiss regimes leading to ''double'' ferromagnetism; and (iii) that samples with less than 10 at. % Y have Gd-like behavior

Bile duct evaluation of potential living liver donors with Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MR cholangiography: Single-dose, double dose or half-dose contrast enhanced imaging

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kinner, Sonja, E-mail: Sonja.Kinner@uni-due.de [Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen (Germany); Steinweg, Verena [Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen (Germany); Maderwald, Stefan [Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen (Germany); Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen (Germany); Radtke, Arnold; Sotiropoulos, Georgios [Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Essen (Germany); Forsting, Michael; Schroeder, Tobias [Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen (Germany)

2014-05-15

Introduction: Detailed knowledge of the biliary anatomy is essential to avoid complications in living donor liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dosage of Gd-EOB-DTPA for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiography (ce-MRC) with reference to contrast-enhanced CT cholangiography (ce-CTC). Materials and methods: 30 potential living liver donors (PLLD) underwent both ce-CTC and ce-MRC. Ten candidates each received single, double or half-dose Gd-EOB-DTPA. Ce-MRC images with and without inversion recovery pulses (T1w ± IR) were acquired 20–30 min after intravenous contrast injection. Image data was quantitatively and qualitatively reviewed by two radiologists based on a on a 5-point scale. Data sets were compared using a Mann–Whitney-U-test or Wilcoxon-rank-sum-test. Kappa values were also calculated. Results: All image series provided sufficient diagnostic information both showing normal biliary anatomy and variant bile ducts. Ce-CTC showed statistically significant better results compared to all ce-MRC data sets. T1w MRC with single dose Gd-EOB-DTPA proved to be superior to half and double dose in subjective and objective evaluation without a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Ce-MRC is at any dosage inferior to ce-CTC. As far as preoperative planning of bile duct surgery is focused on the central biliary anatomy, ce-MRC can replace harmful ce-CTC strategies, anyway. Best results were seen with single dose GD-EOB-DTPA on T1w MRC+IR.

Symmetry-Breaking Transitions in RECuAs_2-xP_x (RE=Sm, Gd, Ho, and Er)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mozharivskyj, Yurij [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2002-01-01

Structural changes resulting in lower symmetries can be understood in terms of electronic instabilities and Coulomb interactions. The interplay of these two interrelated factors is complicated and difficult to analyze. The RECuAs_2-xP _x phases, because of the variation in the chemical content (As/P substitution), allow, with the aid of band structures, Madelung energies and Landau theory, a partial unraveling of the forces important in the symmetry-breaking transitions in RECuAs_2-xP _x (RE = Sm, Gd, Ho and Er). Distortions of the P layers in SmCu_1.15P₂, GdCuP_2.20 and ErCuP₂ are usefully thought of as generalized Peierls distortions, i.e., they lower the electronic (and total) energy and lead to more stable structures. On the other hand, the P4/nmm → Pmmn transitions, which are observed in all studied arsenophosphide series and occur upon substitution of P for As, originate from the B1g vibrational mode and are structural adaptations to smaller P atoms. These transitions provide tighter atomic packing and better Coulomb interactions. Configurational contribution to the entropy becomes important in stabilizing the mixed occupancy in the RECuAs _2-xP _x arsenophosphides. While geometric and electronic factors favor separation of the As and P atoms over two different crystallographic sites, configurational entropy stabilizes the As/P mixing on these two sites.;Progress in the research on RECuAs_2-xP _x was dependent upon the ability of Landau theory to predict, explain and dismiss structural models and transitions. The space group Pmmn (arising from the B 1g vibrational mode) in all mixed arsenophosphides and the existence of these mixed arsenophosphides followed from the analysis of GdCuAs ₂ and GdCuP₂, using Landau theory. The impossibility of obtaining the high-symmetry structure (P4/nmm) and the low symmetry structure

Investigation of upconversion luminescence in antimony–germanate double-clad two cores optical fiber co-doped with Yb{sup 3+}/Tm{sup 3+} and Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+} ions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zmojda, J.; Kochanowicz, M.; Miluski, P.; Dorosz, J. [Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 Street, 15-351 Bialystok (Poland); Pisarska, J.; Pisarski, W.A. [Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-007 Katowice (Poland); Dorosz, D., E-mail: d.dorosz@pb.edu.pl [Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 Street, 15-351 Bialystok (Poland)

2016-02-15

In the paper double-clad optical fiber with two off-set cores co-doped with 1Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3}–0.1Tm{sub 2}O{sub 3} and 1Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3}–0.5Ho{sub 2}O{sub 3} has been investigated. Antimony–germanate glass was melted as a matrix for active cores. The concentration of lanthanides and their ratio have been optimized to achieve maximum upconversion emission intensity at 478 nm ({sup 1}G{sub 4}→{sup 3}H{sub 6}) and 650 nm ({sup 1}G{sub 4}→{sup 3}F{sub 4}) in glasses doped with Tm{sup 3+} ions and 545 nm and 655 nm, corresponding to the {sup 5}F{sub 5}→{sup 5}I{sub 8} and {sup 5}F{sub 4}→{sup 5}I{sub 8} transitions in holmium ions. The energy transfer efficiency in glasses used as optical fiber cores was η{sub Tm}=56% (0.1 mol% Tm{sub 2}O{sub 3}) and η{sub Ho}=85% (0.5 mol% Ho{sub 2}O{sub 3}), respectively. As a result of excitation of the fabricated optical fiber (λ{sub exc}=976 nm), a UC luminescence spectra was obtained. Superposition of three emission bands at the wavelengths of 481 nm (Tm{sup 3+}: blue), 545 nm (Ho{sup 3+}:green) and 665 nm (Tm{sup 3+}, Ho{sup 3+}: red) from two separated cores was measured. Influence of fiber length and excitation power on the color coordinates (CIE-1931) have been also investigated. - Highlights: • Antimony-germanate glasses co-doped with Yb{sup 3+}/Tm{sup 3+} and Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+} were presented. • UC luminescence in double-clad, two off-set core co-doped with Yb{sup 3+}/Tm{sup 3+} and Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+} optical fiber was presented. • The chromatic coordinates shift in the blue region at CIE scheme as a function of pump power and length of optical fiber was observed.

Improved sensitivity for W-band Gd(III)-Gd(III) and nitroxide-nitroxide DEER measurements with shaped pulses

Science.gov (United States)

Bahrenberg, Thorsten; Rosenski, Yael; Carmieli, Raanan; Zibzener, Koby; Qi, Mian; Frydman, Veronica; Godt, Adelheid; Goldfarb, Daniella; Feintuch, Akiva

2017-10-01

Chirp and shaped pulses have been recently shown to be highly advantageous for improving sensitivity in DEER (double electron-electron resonance, also called PELDOR) measurements due to their large excitation bandwidth. The implementation of such pulses for pulse EPR has become feasible due to the availability of arbitrary waveform generators (AWG) with high sampling rates to support pulse shaping for pulses with tens of nanoseconds duration. Here we present a setup for obtaining chirp pulses on our home-built W-band (95 GHz) spectrometer and demonstrate its performance on Gd(III)-Gd(III) and nitroxide-nitroxide DEER measurements. We carried out an extensive optimization procedure on two model systems, Gd(III)-PyMTA-spacer-Gd(III)-PyMTA (Gd-PyMTA ruler; zero-field splitting parameter (ZFS) D ∼ 1150 MHz) as well as nitroxide-spacer-nitroxide (nitroxide ruler) to evaluate the applicability of shaped pulses to Gd(III) complexes and nitroxides, which are two important classes of spin labels used in modern DEER/EPR experiments. We applied our findings to ubiquitin, doubly labeled with Gd-DOTA-monoamide (D ∼ 550 MHz) as a model for a system with a small ZFS. Our experiments were focused on the questions (i) what are the best conditions for positioning of the detection frequency, (ii) which pump pulse parameters (bandwidth, positioning in the spectrum, length) yield the best signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvements when compared to classical DEER, and (iii) how do the sample's spectral parameters influence the experiment. For the nitroxide ruler, we report an improvement of up to 1.9 in total SNR, while for the Gd-PyMTA ruler the improvement was 3.1-3.4 and for Gd-DOTA-monoamide labeled ubiquitin it was a factor of 1.8. Whereas for the Gd-PyMTA ruler the two setups pump on maximum and observe on maximum gave about the same improvement, for Gd-DOTA-monoamide a significant difference was found. In general the choice of the best set of parameters depends on the D

High magnetic field study of HoBaCo2O5.5 and GdBaCo2O5.5 layered cobaltites: the effect of rare-earth size

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frontera, C.; Respaud, M.; Garcia-Munoz, J.L.; Llobet, A.; Carrillo, A.E.; Caneiro, A.; Broto, J.M.

2004-01-01

By means of high-pulsed magnetic field up to μ 0 H=32 T we have studied HoBaCo 2 O 5+δ (δ=0.52(1)). The high-field M(H) integrated curves evidence a magnetic field-induced phase transition visible from about T=75 to 275 K. The obtained results are compared with the field-induced transition found for GdBaCo 2 O 5+δ (with δ=0.54(2)). The jump of the magnetization at the field-induced transition is independent of the rare earth at this level of oxygen content. In contrast, we have observed larger values of the critical field, and that the transition persists up to higher temperature, when reducing the rare-earth size. This indicates that the low-temperature antiferromagnetic phase becomes more stable when the size of the rare earth is reduced

Peculiarities of component interaction in {Gd, Er}-V-Sn Ternary systems at 870 K and crystal structure of RV6Sn6 stannides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Romaka, L.; Stadnyk, Yu.; Romaka, V.V.; Demchenko, P.; Stadnyshyn, M.; Konyk, M.

2011-01-01

Highlights: → {Gd, Er}-V-Sn ternary systems at 870 K are characterized by formation of stannides with general compositions RV 6 Sn 6 . → Isostructural RV 6 Sn 6 compounds were also found with Y, Dy, Ho, Tm, and Lu. → The crystal structure of RV 6 Sn 6 compounds was determined by powder diffraction method. → Structural analysis showed that RV 6 Sn 6 compounds (R = Gd, Dy-Tm, Lu) are disordered; YV 6 Sn 6 is characterized by structure ordering. - Abstract: The phase equilibria in the Gd-V-Sn and Er-V-Sn ternary systems were studied at 870 K by means of X-ray and metallographic analyses in the whole concentration range. Both Gd-V-Sn and Er-V-Sn systems are characterized by formation of one ternary compound at investigated temperature, with stoichiometry RV 6 Sn 6 (SmMn 6 Sn 6 -type, space group P6/mmm, a = 0.55322(3) nm, c = 0.91949(7) nm for Gd, a = 0.55191(2) nm, c = 0.91869(8) nm for Er). Solubility of the third component in the binary compounds was not observed. Compounds with the SmMn 6 Sn 6 -type were also found with Dy, Ho, Tm, and Lu, while YV 6 Sn 6 compound crystallizes in HfFe 6 Ge 6 structure type. All investigated compounds are the first ternary stannides with rare earth elements and vanadium.

166Ho-HA evaluation as therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chandia, M.C.; Errazu, X.C.; Pinto, L.N.; Godoy, N.O.; Avila, M.J.; Mendoza, P.; Mendoza, J.; Jofre, J.; Sirraalta, P.

2002-01-01

Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis is a limiting disease having, among its pathological features, the inflammation of synovial tissue with progressive and later destruction of the articulation. This leads to joint deformation and loss of its function, generating pain and reducing the mobility of the affected articulation. The aim was to evaluate 166 Ho-Hydroxyapatite ( 166 Ho-HA) as potential radiopharmaceutical for the symptomatic treatment of chronic and acute arthritis. Materials and Methods: Holmiun-166 was produced by irradiation of Ho 2 O 3 at La Reina Research Reactor, Nuclear Chilean Energy Commission. Hydroxyapatite was in-house synthesized. Its labelling and quality controls follows the internationally accepted procedures. An antigen's arthritis was induced to eight New Zealand rabbits with the 166 Ho-HA radiochemical being administered thereafter in two dosage modalities (single and double). The compound therapeutic efficiency was evaluated based upon clinical improvement and images from the inflamated articulation using 67 Ga citrate before and after 166 Ho-HA injection. Results: The radiochemical purity of the inoculated compound was greater than 98% as measured under sterility conditions. Clinically, an inflammation reduction (2 cm), appetite improvement and general well being was observed. The 166 Ho-HA distribution and localization was monitored using gamma camera images taken at 4 and 24 h. There was no evidence of extra articular leakage. From the 67 Ga citrate imaging, the acute group shows an overall improvement of well being corresponding to a lesser uptake at the inflamated articulation, regarding to the chronic group. The 166 Ho-HA double doses, compared to the single doses, suggest a reduced uptake of 67 Ga citrate at the inflamated tissue, meaning an increased therapeutic effect. Conclusions: 166 Ho-HA is useful as therapeutic agent for the symptomatic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis as shown by imaging and clinical examination

166 Ho-HA Evaluation as therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chandia, M; Errazu, X; Mendoza, P; Troncoso, F; Jofre, J; Sierralta, P

2003-01-01

Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis is a limiting disease having, among its pathological features, the inflammation of synovial tissue with progressive and later destruction of the articulation. This lead to joint deformation and loss of its function, generating pain and reducing the mobility of the affected articulation. The aim was to evaluate 166 Ho-Hydroxyapatite ( 166 Ho-HA) as potential radiopharmaceutical for the syntomatic treatment of chronic and acute arthritis Materials and Methods: 166 Holmiun was produced by irradiation of Ho 2 O 3 at La Reina Research Reactor, Nuclear Chilean Energy Commission. Hydroxyapatite was in-house synthetized. Its labelling and quality controls follows the internationally accepted procedures. An antigen arthritis was induced to eight New Zealand rabbits with the 166 Ho-HA radiochemical being administred thereafter in two dosage modalities (single and double). The compound therapeutic efficiency was evaluated based upon clinical improvement and images from the inflamated articulation using 67 Ga citrate before and after 166 Ho-HA injection. Results: The radiochemical purity of the innoculated compound was greater than 98% as measured under sterility conditions. Clinically, an inflamation reduction (2 cm), appetite improvement and general well being was observed. The 166 Ho-HA distribution and localization was monitored using gamma camera images taken at 4 and 24 h. There was no evidence of extraarticular leakage. From the 67 Ga citrate imaging, the acute group shows an overall improvement of well being corresponding to a lesser uptake at the inflamated articulation, regarding to the chronic group. The 166 Ho-HA double dosis, compared to the single dosis, suggest a reduced uptake of 67 Ga citrate at the inflamated tissue, meaning an increased therapeutic effect. Conclusions: 166 Ho-HA is usefull as therapeutic agent for the syntomatic treatment of rheumatoideal arthritis as shown by imaging and clinical examination (author)

Spectroscopic characterization of Ho3+ ion-doped fluoride glass

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Florez, A.; Oliveira, S.L.; Florez, M.; Gomez, L.A.; Nunes, L.A.O.

2006-01-01

Among the new optical materials available, fluoride glass, which has an extended transmission window, is emerging as an important material for use in optical fibers, lasers, sensors, etc. Here, we analyze the spectroscopic properties of Ho 3+ ions in a fluoroindate glass based on absorption measurements. Ho 3+ -doped fluoroindate glass with the composition (40 - x)InF 3 -20SrF 2 -20ZnF 2 -16BaF 2 -2GdF 3 -2NaF-xHoF 3 , x = 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 9.0 mol%, was prepared under an argon atmosphere. Absorption spectra in the range 300-2200 nm were then obtained. The experimental oscillator strength f Exp. was calculated from the areas under absorption bands. Using Judd-Ofelt theory and least-squares fitting, the phenomenological intensity parameter Ω λ (λ = 2, 4, 6) and the theoretical oscillator strength f Cal. were calculated. To evaluate potential applications and to analyze the properties of Ho 3+ ions in these host glasses, the following spectroscopy parameters were calculated: the transition probability between multiplets A JJ' , the branching ratio β JJ' , the radiative lifetime τ R , the peak cross-section for stimulated emission σ p , and the emitting-level multiphonon rate W NR for each band. The results were compared with those reported in the literature for similar glasses of the same concentration

{sup 166} Ho-HA Evaluation as therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis treatment; Evaluacion de {sup 166}Ho-Ha como agente terapeutico en el tratamiento de la artritis reumatoidea

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chandia, M; Errazu, X [Comision Chilena de Energia Nuclear, Santiago (Chile); Mendoza, P [Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Militar, Santiago (Chile); Troncoso, F [Comision Chilena de Energia Nuclear, Santiago (Chile); Jofre, J; Sierralta, P [Departamento de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Militar, Santiago (Chile)

2003-01-01

Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis is a limiting disease having, among its pathological features, the inflammation of synovial tissue with progressive and later destruction of the articulation. This lead to joint deformation and loss of its function, generating pain and reducing the mobility of the affected articulation. The aim was to evaluate {sup 166}Ho-Hydroxyapatite ({sup 166} Ho-HA) as potential radiopharmaceutical for the syntomatic treatment of chronic and acute arthritis Materials and Methods: {sup 166}Holmiun was produced by irradiation of Ho{sub 2}O{sub 3} at La Reina Research Reactor, Nuclear Chilean Energy Commission. Hydroxyapatite was in-house synthetized. Its labelling and quality controls follows the internationally accepted procedures. An antigen arthritis was induced to eight New Zealand rabbits with the {sup 166}Ho-HA radiochemical being administred thereafter in two dosage modalities (single and double). The compound therapeutic efficiency was evaluated based upon clinical improvement and images from the inflamated articulation using {sup 67}Ga citrate before and after {sup 166} Ho-HA injection. Results: The radiochemical purity of the innoculated compound was greater than 98% as measured under sterility conditions. Clinically, an inflamation reduction (2 cm), appetite improvement and general well being was observed. The {sup 166} Ho-HA distribution and localization was monitored using gamma camera images taken at 4 and 24 h. There was no evidence of extraarticular leakage. From the {sup 67}Ga citrate imaging, the acute group shows an overall improvement of well being corresponding to a lesser uptake at the inflamated articulation, regarding to the chronic group. The {sup 166}Ho-HA double dosis, compared to the single dosis, suggest a reduced uptake of {sup 67}Ga citrate at the inflamated tissue, meaning an increased therapeutic effect. Conclusions: {sup 166} Ho-HA is usefull as therapeutic agent for the syntomatic treatment of rheumatoideal arthritis

Rotational and translational distortions of the crystal structure of the Sr2HrRuO6 (Hr = Ho, Dy, Gd, Eu) complex perovskites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Triana, C.A.; Landínez Téllez, D.A.; Roa-Rojas, J.

2013-01-01

Sr 2 HrRuO 6 (Hr = Ho, Dy, Gd, Eu) complex perovskites were synthesized through the high-temperature solid-state reaction method, and their crystal structures were analyzed in detail as a function of the Hr-cation ionic radius. Results of powder XRD pattern measurement and Rietveld analysis of the experimental profiles show that the Sr 2 HrRuO 6 compounds crystallize in a monoclinic distorted perovskite-like structure, P2 1 /n (#14) space group, where the unit cell parameters are related to the primitive unit cell a p by a≈√(2)a p , b≈√(2)a p and c ≈ 2a p . The structures show an alternate distribution of the Ru 5+ (2d: 0.5, 0, 0) and Hr 3+ (2c: 0, 0.5, 0) making up RuO 6 and HrO 6 octahedra alternatively arranged in two interleaving fcc sublattices, where the O(1), O(2), and O(3) ions are localized at the corner of the octahedral, while the Sr 2+ is located at the A-site, occupying the cavities built by the corner-sharing octahedra with Wyckoff position 4e. Due to the existence of mismatched ionic sizes between the ionic radii of the Sr 2 HrRuO 6 compounds, the HrO 6 and RuO 6 octahedra are constrained to tilting around the [111] c , [001] c , and [110] c cubic directions so as to optimize the Sr–O inter-atomic bond lengths, tending to rotate the structure in order to fix the Ru 5+ and Hr 3+ ions on the M′ and M″ sites of the complex perovskites. The cell parameters a, b, and c, the inter-atomic bond angles, the inter-atomic bond lengths, and the tilting angles increase as the Hr-cation ionic radius increases. The mismatch that exists in the Sr 2 HrRuO 6 ionic radius produces a large distortion from the ideal cubic symmetry. The pure perovskite-like phase of Sr 2 HrRuO 6 is thermodynamically and kinetically stable at high temperatures above 1420 K, where it is entirely governed by the average size of the Hr 3+ and Ru 5+ cations. Highlights: ► Crystal structure of Sr 2 HrRuO 6 (Hr = Ho, Dy, Gd, Eu) as a function of Hr ionic radius. ► XRD

Proton Radioactivity Measurements at HRIBF: Ho, Lu, and Tm Isotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akovali, Y.; Batchelder, J.C.; Bingham, C.R.; Davinson, T.; Ginter, T.N.; Gross, C.J.; Grzywacz, R.; Hamilton, J.H.; Janas, Z.; Karny, M.; Kim, S.H.; MacDonald, B.D.; Mas, J.F.; McConnell, J.W.; Piechaczek, A.; Ressler, J.J.; Rykaczewski, K.; Slinger, R.C.; Szerypo, J.; Toth, K.S.; Weintraub, W.; Woods, P.J.; Yu, C.-H.; Zganjar, E.F.

1998-01-01

Two new isotopes, 145 Tm and 140 Ho and three isomers in previously known isotopes, 141m Ho, 150m Lu and 151m Lu have been discovered and studied via their decay by proton emission. These proton emitters were produced at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) by heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions, separated in A/Q with a recoil mass spectrometer (RMS), and detected in a double-sided silicon strip detector (DSSD). The decay energy and half-life was measured for each new emitter. An analysis in terms of a spherical shell model is applied to the Tm and Lu nuclei, but Ho is considerably deformed and requires a collective model interpretation

Thickness dependent formation and properties of GdSi2/Si(100) interfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peto, G.; Molnar, G.; Dozsa, L.; Horvath, Z.E.; Horvath, Zs.J.; Zsoldos, E.; Dimitriadis, C.A.; Papadimitriou, L.

2005-01-01

Epitaxial and polycrystalline orthorhombic GdSi 2 films were grown on Si(100) substrates by solid phase reaction between Si and Gd films at different thicknesses of the Gd film. The most important property of these GdSi 2 /Si interfaces was defect formation. This was investigated by studying the properties of the Schottky barriers by means of current voltage and capacitance-voltage characteristics, deep level transient spectroscopy by double crystal X-ray diffractometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Epitaxial growth of the silicide layer ensured a relatively low interface defect density (about 10 10 cm -2 ), while the non-epitaxial growth induced defects of a much higher density (about 10 12 cm -2 ). The defects generated during the silicide formation are located within a depth of about 10 nm from the GdSi 2 /Si interface. (orig.)

Crystal structure and surface characteristics of Sr-doped GdBaCo2O6−δ double perovskites: oxygen evolution reaction and conductivity

KAUST Repository

Pramana, Stevin S.

2017-12-04

A cheap and direct solution towards engineering better catalysts through identification of novel materials is required for a sustainable energy system. Perovskite oxides have emerged as potential candidates to replace the less economically attractive Pt and IrO2 water splitting catalysts. In this work, excellent electrical conductivity (980 S cm−1) was found for the double perovskite of composition GdBa0.6Sr0.4Co2O6−δ which is consistent with a better oxygen evolution reaction activity with the onset polarisation of 1.51 V with respect to a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). GdBa1−xSrxCo2O6−δ with increasing Sr content was found to crystallise in the higher symmetry tetragonal P4/mmm space group in comparison with the undoped GdBaCo2O6−δ which is orthorhombic (Pmmm), and yields higher oxygen uptake, accompanied by higher Co oxidation states. This outstanding electrochemical performance is explained by the wider carrier bandwidth, which is a function of Co–O–Co buckling angles and Co–O bond lengths. Furthermore the higher oxygen evolution activity was observed despite the formation of non-lattice oxides (mainly hydroxide species) and enrichment of alkaline earth ions on the surface.

Crystal structure and surface characteristics of Sr-doped GdBaCo2O6−δ double perovskites: oxygen evolution reaction and conductivity

KAUST Repository

Pramana, Stevin S.; Cavallaro, Andrea; Li, Cheng; Handoko, Albertus D.; Chan, Kuang Wen; Walker, Robert J.; Regoutz, Anna; Herrin, Jason S.; Yeo, Boon Siang; Payne, David J.; Kilner, John A.; Ryan, Mary P.; Skinner, Stephen J.

2017-01-01

A cheap and direct solution towards engineering better catalysts through identification of novel materials is required for a sustainable energy system. Perovskite oxides have emerged as potential candidates to replace the less economically attractive Pt and IrO2 water splitting catalysts. In this work, excellent electrical conductivity (980 S cm−1) was found for the double perovskite of composition GdBa0.6Sr0.4Co2O6−δ which is consistent with a better oxygen evolution reaction activity with the onset polarisation of 1.51 V with respect to a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). GdBa1−xSrxCo2O6−δ with increasing Sr content was found to crystallise in the higher symmetry tetragonal P4/mmm space group in comparison with the undoped GdBaCo2O6−δ which is orthorhombic (Pmmm), and yields higher oxygen uptake, accompanied by higher Co oxidation states. This outstanding electrochemical performance is explained by the wider carrier bandwidth, which is a function of Co–O–Co buckling angles and Co–O bond lengths. Furthermore the higher oxygen evolution activity was observed despite the formation of non-lattice oxides (mainly hydroxide species) and enrichment of alkaline earth ions on the surface.

Estimation of human absorbed dose for (166)Ho-PAM: comparison with (166)Ho-DOTMP and (166)Ho-TTHMP.

Science.gov (United States)

Vaez-Tehrani, Mahdokht; Zolghadri, Samaneh; Yousefnia, Hassan; Afarideh, Hossein

2016-10-01

In this study, the human absorbed dose of holmium-166 ((166)Ho)-pamidronate (PAM) as a potential agent for the management of multiple myeloma was estimated. (166)Ho-PAM complex was prepared at optimized conditions and injected into the rats. The equivalent and effective absorbed doses to human organs after injection of the complex were estimated by radiation-absorbed dose assessment resource and methods proposed by Sparks et al based on rat data. The red marrow to other organ absorbed dose ratios were compared with these data for (166)Ho-DOTMP, as the only clinically used (166)Ho bone marrow ablative agent, and (166)Ho-TTHMP. The highest absorbed dose amounts are observed in the bone surface and bone marrow with 1.11 and 0.903 mGy MBq(-1), respectively. Most other organs would receive approximately insignificant absorbed dose. While (166)Ho-PAM demonstrated a higher red marrow to total body absorbed dose ratio than (166)Ho-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo dodecane-1,4,7,10 tetra ethylene phosphonic acid (DOTMP) and (166)Ho-triethylene tetramine hexa (methylene phosphonic acid) (TTHMP), the red marrow to most organ absorbed dose ratios for (166)Ho-TTHMP and (166)Ho-PAM are much higher than the ratios for (166)Ho-DOTMP. The result showed that (166)Ho-PAM has significant characteristics than (166)Ho-DOTMP and therefore, this complex can be considered as a good agent for bone marrow ablative therapy. In this work, two separate points have been investigated: (1) human absorbed dose of (166)Ho-PAM, as a potential bone marrow ablative agent, has been estimated; and (2) the complex has been compared with (166)Ho-DOTMP, as the only clinically used bone marrow ablative radiopharmaceutical, showing significant characteristics.

Synthesis and characterization of the structural and magnetic properties of new uranium and copper-based silicides and germanides: study of the physical and hydridation properties of some compounds belonging to the Gd-Ni-X systems, where X = Ga, Al, Sn

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pechev, St.

1998-01-01

Three novel phases, U 3 Cu 4 Si 4 , U 3 Cu 4 Ge 4 and UCuGe 1,77 , were prepared in the U - Cu - X (X = Si or Ge) ternary system. Their structural and magnetic properties were investigated. The magnetic structures of the first two compounds were determined by neutron diffraction. Structural and magnetic behaviour transitions occur as copper substitutes silicon atoms in the UCu x Si 2-x (0,28 ≤ x ≤ 0,96) solid solution. Thus, the structure of the compositions changes in the α-ThSi 2 (tetragonal) → AlB 2 (hexagonal) → Ni 2 In(hexagonal) sequence while a transition from a nonmagnetic to ferromagnetic then antiferromagnetic behaviour is observed. The magnetic properties of the different compositions are governed by a Kondo - RKKY -type interactions competition. Crystallographic disorder and magnetic frustrations are at the origin of a spin glass state between the ferro- and antiferromagnetic areas. The investigations of the GdNi 3 X 2 (X =Ga, Al, Sn) compounds revealed that their structural and magnetic properties are strongly dependent on the nature of the X element as well as the on thermal treatment. A CaCu 5 → HoNi 2,6 Ga 2,4 - type structure transition and a ferro - to antiferromagnetic behaviour evolution are favoured by the increase of the X - atom size. A commensurate modulated crystal structure (described also as a a HoNi 2,6 Ga 2,4 x a HoNi 2,6 Ga 2,4 x 2c HoNi 2,6 Ga 2,4 -type superstructure) has been observed for GdNi 3 Al 2 . Hydrogen absorption in Gd 3 Ni 6 Al 2 and GdNi 3 Al 2 weakens the strength of the magnetic interactions. (author)

Antiperovskite nitridophosphate oxide Ho{sub 3}[PN{sub 4}]O by high-pressure metathesis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kloss, Simon D.; Weidmann, Niels; Schnick, Wolfgang [Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich (Germany)

2017-04-03

Rare-earth nitridophosphates are a recently discovered class of materials, which are accessible by high-pressure metathesis. Antiperovskite-type Ho{sub 3}[PN{sub 4}]O was synthesized from HoF{sub 3}, LiPN{sub 2}, Li{sub 3}N, and Li{sub 2}O at 5 GPa and ca. 1025 C by this method and the multianvil technique. Ho{sub 3}[PN{sub 4}]O contains rarely observed isolated PN{sub 4} tetrahedra and can be derived by the hierarchical substitution of the ABX{sub 3} perovskite, in which Ho occupies the X positions, O occupies the B position, and the PN{sub 4} tetrahedra occupy the A position. The structure was refined on the basis of powder diffraction data [I4/mcm, a = 6.36112(3), c = 10.5571(1) Aa, Z = 4, R{sub wp} = 0.04, R{sub Bragg} = 0.01, χ{sup 2} = 2.275] starting from the structural model of isotypic Gd{sub 3}[SiN{sub 3}O]O. To characterize Ho{sub 3}[PN{sub 4}]O, elemental analyses were performed through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Ho{sub 3}[PN{sub 4}]O is paramagnetic down to low temperatures with μ{sub eff} = 10.43(1) μ{sub B} and a Curie temperature (Θ) of 0.11(4) K. It shows the optical characteristics of Ho{sup 3+} ions and vibrations corresponding to isolated PN{sub 4} tetrahedra. On the basis of DFT calculations [generalized gradient approximation (GGA)], Ho{sub 3}[PN{sub 4}]O has an indirect band gap of 1.87 eV. We demonstrate the versatility of high-pressure metathesis by attaining the low end of the P/N atomic ratio κ = 1/4. This confirms the previous assumption that rare-earth nitridophosphates with κ = 1/2 to 1/4 are feasible by this method. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Synthesis and magneto-structural studies on a new family of carbonato bridged 3d-4f complexes featuring a [CoLn(CO3)] (Ln = La, Gd, Tb, Dy and Ho) core: slow magnetic relaxation displayed by the cobalt(ii)-dysprosium(iii) analogue.

Science.gov (United States)

Majee, Mithun Chandra; Towsif Abtab, Sk Md; Mondal, Dhrubajyoti; Maity, Manoranjan; Weselski, Marek; Witwicki, Maciej; Bieńko, Alina; Antkowiak, Michał; Kamieniarz, Grzegorz; Chaudhury, Muktimoy

2018-03-06

A new family of [3 + 3] hexanuclear 3d-4f complexes [(μ 3 -CO 3 ){Co II Ln III L(μ 3 -OH)(OH 2 )} 3 ]-(ClO 4 )·mC 2 H 5 OH·nH 2 O (1-5) [Ln = La (1), Gd (2), Tb (3), Dy (4), and Ho (5)] have been prepared in moderate to high yields (62-78%) following a self-assembly reaction between the ligand 6,6',6''-(nitrilotris(methylene))tris-(2-methoxy-4-methylphenol) (H 3 L), Co(OAc) 2 ·4H 2 O and the lanthanide ion precursors in the mandatory presence of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. During the reaction, atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed in the product molecule as a bridging carbonato ligand which connects all the three lanthanide centers of this molecular assembly through a rare η 2 :η 2 :η 2 -μ 3 mode of bridging as revealed from X-ray crystallography. The metal centers in all these compounds, except the Gd III analogue (2), are coupled in antiferromagnetic manner while the nature of coupling in the CoGd complex is ferromagnetic. DFT calculations revealed that this ferromagnetic interaction occurs most likely by the Co II -Gd III superexchange, mediated via the bridging oxygen atoms. Only the Co II -Dy III compound (4) displayed a slow relaxation of the magnetization at a very low temperature as established by AC susceptibility measurements. The data provides an estimation of the activation energy U/k B = 9.2 K and the relaxation time constant τ 0 = 1.0 × 10 -7 s.

Peculiarities of component interaction in {l_brace}Gd, Er{r_brace}-V-Sn Ternary systems at 870 K and crystal structure of RV{sub 6}Sn{sub 6} stannides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Romaka, L., E-mail: romakal@franko.lviv.ua [Inorganic Chemistry Department, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Kyryla and Mefodiya str. 6, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Stadnyk, Yu. [Inorganic Chemistry Department, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Kyryla and Mefodiya str. 6, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine); Romaka, V.V. [Department of Materials Engineering and Applied Physics, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ustyyanovycha Str. 5, 79013 Lviv (Ukraine); Demchenko, P.; Stadnyshyn, M.; Konyk, M. [Inorganic Chemistry Department, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Kyryla and Mefodiya str. 6, 79005 Lviv (Ukraine)

2011-09-08

Highlights: > {l_brace}Gd, Er{r_brace}-V-Sn ternary systems at 870 K are characterized by formation of stannides with general compositions RV{sub 6}Sn{sub 6}. > Isostructural RV{sub 6}Sn{sub 6} compounds were also found with Y, Dy, Ho, Tm, and Lu. > The crystal structure of RV{sub 6}Sn{sub 6} compounds was determined by powder diffraction method. > Structural analysis showed that RV{sub 6}Sn{sub 6} compounds (R = Gd, Dy-Tm, Lu) are disordered; YV{sub 6}Sn{sub 6} is characterized by structure ordering. - Abstract: The phase equilibria in the Gd-V-Sn and Er-V-Sn ternary systems were studied at 870 K by means of X-ray and metallographic analyses in the whole concentration range. Both Gd-V-Sn and Er-V-Sn systems are characterized by formation of one ternary compound at investigated temperature, with stoichiometry RV{sub 6}Sn{sub 6} (SmMn{sub 6}Sn{sub 6}-type, space group P6/mmm, a = 0.55322(3) nm, c = 0.91949(7) nm for Gd, a = 0.55191(2) nm, c = 0.91869(8) nm for Er). Solubility of the third component in the binary compounds was not observed. Compounds with the SmMn{sub 6}Sn{sub 6}-type were also found with Dy, Ho, Tm, and Lu, while YV{sub 6}Sn{sub 6} compound crystallizes in HfFe{sub 6}Ge{sub 6} structure type. All investigated compounds are the first ternary stannides with rare earth elements and vanadium.

Correlation between choline level and Gd-DTPA enhancement in patients with brain metastases of mammary carcinoma

NARCIS (Netherlands)

P.E. Sijens (Paul); P. van Dijk (Pieter); M. Oudkerk (Matthijs)

1994-01-01

textabstractSingle voxel 1HH double spin-echo MR spectroscopy was used to examine 15 cases of brain metastasis of mammary carcinoma (18 lesions) in relation to Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging. For lesions larger than 50% of MRS voxel size, there was significant correlation between Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI

Time-intensity curve in the abdominal aorta on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with high temporal and spatial resolution. Gd-EOB-DTPA versus Gd-DTPA in vivo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujinaga, Yasunari; Tsukahara, Yoshinori; Sugiyama, Yukiko; Kadoya, Masumi; Ueda, Hitoshi; Kitou, Yoshihiro

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in the time-intensity curves (TICs) of the abdominal aorta on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) between gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and gadolinium ethoxybenzydiethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA). Ten healthy volunteers underwent DCE-MRI three times with the following protocol: group A, Gd-DTPA at an injection rate of 3 ml/s; group B, Gd-EOB-DTPA, 3 ml/s; group C, Gd-EOB-DTPA, 1.5 ml/s. Signal intensities (SIs) of the abdominal aorta were measured, and the contrast enhancement ratio (CER) was calculated. Time-to-CER curves were compared among the three groups. The differences in maximum CER (CER max ) and time-to-peak of CER were analyzed. The time-to-CER curve showed a double peak pattern in group A and single-peak pattern in groups B and C. The mean time between the first and the second peak was 6.2 s. The mean CER max of each group was 4.50, 4.52 and 4.27, respectively. In group A, B and C, the mean time-to-peak was 14.6, 10.6 and 12.6 s, respectively. There was a significant difference between group A and B (P<0.01). To set up the optimal protocol for abdominal DCE-MRI, it should be noted that TIC in the Gd-DTPA and Gd-EOB-DTPA group showed different patterns, and a slower injection rate showed a less abrupt SI change in the Gd-EOB-DTPA group than in the Gd-DTPA group. (author)

RE{sub 3}Au{sub 5}Zn (RE = Y, Sm, Gd-Ho). A new structure type with five- and six-membered rings as building units in a gold network

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gerke, Birgit; Poettgen, Rainer [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and NRW Graduate School of Chemistry

2016-08-01

RE{sub 3}Au{sub 5}Zn (RE = Y, Sm, Gd-Ho) intermetallic compounds were synthesized by melting the elements in sealed tantalum tubes. They exhibit a new structure type which was studied by X-ray diffraction on powders and refined from single crystal diffraction data: Cmcm, a = 736.9(2), b = 1489.4(2), c = 1330.4(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0371, 1184 F{sup 2} values and 55 variables for Y{sub 3}Au{sub 4.92}Zn{sub 1.08} and a = 739.0(1), b = 1495.8(2), c = 1339.2(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0325, 1410 F{sup 2} values and 54 variables for Tb{sub 3}Au{sub 5}Zn. The network consists of five- and six-membered gold rings in puckered conformations. Atoms of the rare earth elements are placed within the cavities of this network where every third cavity is filled by a Zn{sub 2} dumbbell. The structure is discussed in detail and compared with the gold substructure of Hf{sub 7}Au{sub 10}.

3.76 W of green light generated by intracavity frequency doubling of a 1081.5 nm Yb:GdYSiO2 laser with LiB3O5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, D; Shao, Y; Liu, H P; Li, Y L; Tao, Z H; Ruan, Q R; Zhang, T Y

2011-01-01

Efficient continuous-wave (CW) intracavity frequency doubling of a diode-end-pumped Yb:GdYSiO 2 (Yb:GYSO) laser operating on 2 F 5/2 → 2 F 7/2 transitions at 1081.5 nm has been demonstrated. With 17.6 W of diode pump power and the frequency doubling crystal LiB 3 O 5 (LBO), a maximum output power of 3.76 W in the green spectral range at 541 nm has been achieved, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 21.4%; the output power stability over 30 min is better than 5%. To the best of our knowledge, this is first work on intracavity frequency doubling of a diode pumped Yb:GYSO laser at 1081.5 nm

Magnetic excitations in Ho2Co17 and Ho2Fe17

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clausen, K.N.

1981-01-01

The low energy part ( 2 Co 17 and Ho 2 Fe 17 have been measured along the three high symmetry directions at a temperature of 4.2 K, using the inelastic neutron scattering technique. The resulting magnon dispersion relations have been interpreted using linear spin wave theory with a Hamiltonian including single ion crystal field anisotropy and isotropic exchange between spatially well localized spins. The R 2 T 17 structure contains two different Ho sites, with the same point symmetry, and from the spin wave results it was concluded that the crystal field anisotropy of the two Ho sites in both Ho 2 Co 17 and Ho 2 Fe 17 were identical. The deduced crystal field parameters for Ho 2 Fe 17 were slightly larger than for Ho 2 Co 17 , and the parameters were of the same order of magnitude as for pure Ho. For Ho 2 Fe 17 the Fe-Fe exchange was found to be anisotropic, and for both compounds the magnetic ordering temperatures of 1178 K for Ho 2 Co 17 and 335 K for Ho 2 Fe 17 were determined by the strong positive 3d-3d exchange. (Auth.)

Double channel electrode flow cell application to the study of HO2- production on Mn xCo3-xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) spinel films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rios, E.; Reyes, H.; Ortiz, J.; Gautier, J.L.

2005-01-01

We conducted a study on the electroreduction of O 2 in alkaline solution at room temperature on pure thin oxide electrodes of composition Mn x Co 3-x O 4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) using the double channel electrode flow cell (DCEFC). The oxides were prepared at 150 deg. C and deposited by spray pyrolysis onto titanium substrates. The oxygen reduction reaction (orr) occurs through 'interactive' and 'parallel' pathways, and the ratio of O 2 molecules reduced to OH - ions with respect to those reduced to HO 2 - ions depends on the oxide stoichiometry and on the applied overpotential. The formation of HO 2 - increases when the manganese concentration increases. The results obtained for the orr show that the number of electrons transferred per O 2 molecule decreases from 3 to 2 and the ratio k 1 /k 2 (the rate constants for direct reduction to OH - and indirect reduction to HO 2 - ) increases, respectively, in the overpotential studied range (-0.05 to -0.6 V). The Mn 3+ ions placed in the B-sites of the spinel structure seem to be the active centres, where hydrogen peroxide is formed

Gd-Ni-Si system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bodak, O.I.; Shvets, A.F.

1983-01-01

By X-ray phase analysis method isothermal cross section of phase diagram of the Gd-Ni-Si system at 870 K is studied. The existence of nine previously known compounds (GdNisub(6.72)Sisub(6.28), GdNi 10 Si 2 , GdNi 5 Si 3 , GdNi 4 Si, GdNi 2 Si 2 , GdNiSi 3 , GdNiSi 2 , Gd 3 Ni 6 Si 2 and GdNiSi) is confirmed and three new compounds (GdNisub(0.2)Sisub(1.8), Gdsub(2)Nisub(1-0.8)Sisub(1-1.2), Gd 5 NiSi 4 ) are found. On the base of Gd 2 Si 3 compound up to 0.15 at. Ni fractions, an interstitial solid solution is formed up to 0.25 at Ni fractions dissolution continues of substitution type. The Gd-Ni-Si system is similar to the Y-Ni-Si system

Hetero-metallic {3d-4f-5d} complexes: preparation and magnetic behavior of trinuclear [(L(Me2)Ni-Ln){W(CN)(8)}] compounds (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Y; L(Me2) = Schiff base) and variable SMM characteristics for the Tb derivative.

Science.gov (United States)

Sutter, Jean-Pascal; Dhers, Sébastien; Rajamani, Raghunathan; Ramasesha, S; Costes, Jean-Pierre; Duhayon, Carine; Vendier, Laure

2009-07-06

Assembling bimetallic {Ni-Ln}(3+) units and {W(CN)(8)}(3-) is shown to be an efficient route toward heteronuclear {3d-4f-5d} compounds. The reaction of either the binuclear [{L(Me2)Ni(H(2)O)(2)}{Ln(NO(3))(3)}] complexes or their mononuclear components [L(Me2)Ni] and Ln(NO(3))(3) with (HNBu(3))(3){W(CN)(8)} in dmf followed by diffusion of tetrahydrofuran yielded the trinuclear [{L(Me2)NiLn}{W(CN)(8)}] compounds 1 (Ln = Y), 2a,b (Gd), 3a,b (Tb), 4 (Dy), 5 (Ho), and 6 (Er) as crystalline materials. All of the derivatives possess the trinuclear core resulting from the linkage of the {W(CN)(8)} to the Ni center of the {Ni-Ln} unit. Differences are found in the solvent molecules acting as ligands and/or in the lattice depending on the crystallization conditions. For all the compounds ferromagnetic {Ni-W} and {Ni-Ln} (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, and Er} interactions are operative resulting in high spin ground states. Parameterization of the magnetic behaviors for the Y and Gd derivatives confirmed the strong cyano-mediated {Ni-W} interaction (J(NiW) = 27.1 and 28.5 cm(-1)) compared to the {Ni-Gd} interaction (J(NiGd) = 2.17 cm(-1)). The characteristic features for slow relaxation of the magnetization are observed for two Tb derivatives, but these are modulated by the crystal phase. Analysis of the frequency dependence of the alternating current susceptibility data yielded U(eff)/k(B) = 15.3 K and tau(0) = 4.5 x 10(-7) s for one derivative whereas no maxima of chi(M)'' appear above 2 K for the second one.

Gd3+-ESR and magnetic susceptibility of GdCu4Al8 and GdMn4Al8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Coldea, R.; Coldea, M.; Pop, I.

1994-01-01

Gd ESR of GdCu 4 Al 8 and GdMn 4 Al 8 and magnetic susceptibility of GdCu 4 Al 8 , GdMn 4 Al 8 , and YMn 4 Al 8 were measured in the temperature range of 290K--460K and 90K--1050K, respectively. The occurrence of the Mn moment in YMn 4 Al 8 and GdMn 4 Al 8 is strongly correlated with the critical value of d∼2.6 angstrom of the Mn-Mn distance below which the Mn moment is not stable. The experimental data for GdMn 4 Al 8 , compared with the data for the isostructural compounds GdCu 4 Al 8 and YMn 4 Al 8 , show that near the critical value of d, the existence of Mn moment depends not only on the value of d, but also on the local magnetic surroundings. It has been revealed that the magnetic character of Mn moment in YMn 4 Al 8 and GdMn 4 Al 8 changes from an itinerant electron type to a local-moment type with increasing temperature

Structure determination, electronic and optical properties of rubidium holmium polyphosphate RbHo(PO3)4

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Jing; Chen, Hui; Wang, Yude; Guan, Hongtao; Xiao, Xuechun

2012-12-01

Structural, optical, and electronic properties of a new alkali metal-rare earth polyphosphate, RbHo(PO3)4, have been investigated by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, power X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and spectral measurement. RbHo(PO3)4 crystallizes in the monoclinic with space group P21/n and Z = 4. It is described as a three-dimensional (3D) architecture built up of PO4 double spiral chains and HoO8 polyhedra by corner-sharing. The 11-coordinated rubidium atoms are located in infinite tunnels. Additionally, in order to gain further insight into the relationship between property and structure of RbHo(PO3)4, theoretical calculation based on the density functional theory (DFT) was performed using the total-energy code CASTEP.

Magnetic and transport properties of amorphous ferro magnetic Gd--Au, Gd--Ni and Gd--Co alloys obtained by splat-cooling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Durand, J.; Poon, S.J.

1977-06-01

We present the results of magnetization and transport measurements on the amorphous Gd 80 Au 20 , Gd 68 Ni 32 and Gd 67 Co 33 alloys over a temperature range of 1.8 to 300 0 K in fields up to 75 kOe. These ferromagnetic alloys obtained by splat-cooling have Curie temperatures T/sub c/ of 150, 125 and 175 0 K, respectively. The saturation moment per Gd atom extrapolated to 0 0 K is estimated to be 7 +- 0.1 μ/sub B/. The exchange integrals for Gd-Au and Gd-Ni are determined from the value of T/sub c/ and from the temperature dependence of the saturation magnetization. The zero-field resistivity for Gd-Ni and Gd-Co exhibits maxima around T/sub c/. We present some preliminary results of magnetoresistivity measurements with applied field parallel and perpendicular to the foil plane. The anisotropy is in-plane for Gd-Co. For the Gd-Au and Gd-Ni alloys, there is no well-defined easy axis

Renal enhancement and excretion of the hepatobiliary contrast agent Gd-EOB-DTPA

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zangos, S.; Hammerstingl, R.; Mack, M.G.; Straub, R.; Engelmann, K.; Eichler, K.; Vogl, T.J.

2001-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical value of the renal clearance using MR imaging with different doses of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-DTPA (Gd-EOB-DTPA) in comparison to gadolinium DTPA (Gd-DTPA). Material and Methods: In a double-blind and randomized clinical phase II study. MR imaging at 1.5 T was performed in 61 patients with five different doses of Gd-EOB-DTPA (3, 6, 12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/kg b.w. as a bolus injection). The study protocol comprised T 1 - and T 2 -weighted spin-echo magnetic resonance and two-dimensional fast low-angle shot imaging before and at increasing intervals for up to 45 min after injection of Gd-EOB-DTPA. These images were compared with Gd-DTPA-enhanced imaging (0.1 mmol/kg b. w. as a bolus injection). Results: After bolus injection of the hepatobiliary MR contrast agent Gd-EOB-DTPA a renal elimination was observed. Immediately after the injection of Gd-EOB-DTPA until the eighth minute a corticomedullary enhancement of the kidney was conspicuous. After the fourth minute a contrast enhancement could be seen in the renal pelvis. The best enhancement was noted after 20 minutes in the FLASH GRE and T 1 -weighted images with good pelvicaliceal contrast. After 45 minutes an outflow of Gd-EOB-DTPA into the ureter could be observed. Conclusion: In addition to the hepatobiliary secretion Gd-EOB-DTPA appears useful for the evaluation of renal structures and renal function on account of the renal excretion without diuretic preparation of the patients. (orig.) [de

330 mJ single-frequency Ho:YLF slab amplifier

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Strauss, HJ

2013-04-01

Full Text Available We report on a double-pass Ho:YLF slab amplifier which delivered 350 ns long single-frequency pulses of up to 330 mJ at 2064 nm, with a maximum M(sup2) of 1.5 at 50 Hz. It was end pumped with a diode-pumped Tm:YLF slab laser and seeded with up to 50...

Study of LnBaCo{sub 2}O{sub 6-d}elta (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd) double perovskites as new cathode material for IT-SOFC

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chavez, E; Mueller, M; Mogni, L; Caneiro, A, E-mail: mogni@cab.cnea.gov.a [Centro Atomico Bariloche-CNEA, Instituto Balseiro. Av. Bustillo 9500, S. C. de Bariloche 8400 (Argentina)

2009-05-01

Oxides with double perovskites structures of general composition LnBaCo{sub 2}O{sub 6-d}elta (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd) were synthesized by solid state reaction with the purpose to evaluate new materials to be used as cathodes in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). A preliminary study about electrochemical properties was performed by impedance spectroscopy between 500 and 800 deg. C under atmosphere of pure O{sub 2}. Symmetrical cells were obtained by spray deposition of LnBaCo{sub 2}O{sub 6-d}elta (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd) at both sides of a dense ceramic electrolyte. The impedance spectroscopy measurements as a function of temperatures show a hysteresis loop which could be associated to a tetragonal/orthorhombic phase transition. The existence of this transition was corroborated by high temperature X-Ray diffraction and Differential Scanning Calorimetry measurements.

New orthorhombic derivative of CaCu{sub 5}-type structure: RNi{sub 4}Si compounds (R=Y, La, Ce, Sm, Gd–Ho), crystal structure and some magnetic properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morozkin, A.V., E-mail: morozkin@general.chem.msu.ru [Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, House 1, Building 3, GSP-2, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Knotko, A.V. [Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, House 1, Building 3, GSP-2, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Yapaskurt, V.O. [Department of Petrology, Geological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Yuan, Fang; Mozharivskyj, Y. [Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1 (Canada); Nirmala, R. [Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036 (India)

2013-12-15

The crystal structure of new YNi{sub 4}Si-type RNi{sub 4}Si (R=Y, La, Ce, Sm, Gd–Ho) compounds has been established using powder X-ray diffraction. The YNi{sub 4}Si structure is a new structure type, which is orthorhombic derivative of CaCu{sub 5}-type structure (space group Cmmm N 65, oC12). GdNi{sub 4}Si and DyNi{sub 4}Si compounds order ferromagnetically at 25 and 19 K, respectively whereas YNi{sub 4}Si shows antiferromagnetic nature. At 15 K, DyNi{sub 4}Si shows second antiferromagnetic-like transition. The magnetic moment of GdNi{sub 4}Si at 5 K in 50 kOe field is ∼7.2 μ{sub B}/f.u. suggesting a completely ordered ferromagnetic state. The magnetocaloric effect of GdNi{sub 4}Si is calculated in terms of isothermal magnetic entropy change and it reaches the maximum value of −12.8 J/kg K for a field change of 50 kOe near T{sub C} ∼25 K. - Graphical abstract: The RNi{sub 4}Si (R=Y, La, Ce, Sm, Gd–Ho) compounds crystallize in new YNi{sub 4}Si-type structure which is orthorhombic derivative of the basic CaCu{sub 5}-type structure. GdNi{sub 4}Si and DyNi{sub 4}Si compounds show the ferromagnetic-like ordering, whereas.YNi{sub 4}Si has the antiferromagnetic nature. The GdNi{sub 4}Si demonstrates the big magnetocaloric effect near temperature of ferromagnetic ordering. The relationship between initial CaCu{sub 5}-type DyNi{sub 5} and YNi{sub 4}Si-type DyNi{sub 4}Si lattices.

Rotational and translational distortions of the crystal structure of the Sr{sub 2}HrRuO{sub 6} (Hr = Ho, Dy, Gd, Eu) complex perovskites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Triana, C.A., E-mail: ctrianae@unal.edu.co [Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, A.A. 5997, Bogotá D.C. (Colombia); Landínez Téllez, D.A. [Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, A.A. 5997, Bogotá D.C. (Colombia); Roa-Rojas, J., E-mail: jroar@unal.edu.co [Grupo de Física de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, A.A. 5997, Bogotá D.C. (Colombia)

2013-05-15

Sr{sub 2}HrRuO{sub 6} (Hr = Ho, Dy, Gd, Eu) complex perovskites were synthesized through the high-temperature solid-state reaction method, and their crystal structures were analyzed in detail as a function of the Hr-cation ionic radius. Results of powder XRD pattern measurement and Rietveld analysis of the experimental profiles show that the Sr{sub 2}HrRuO{sub 6} compounds crystallize in a monoclinic distorted perovskite-like structure, P2{sub 1}/n (#14) space group, where the unit cell parameters are related to the primitive unit cell a{sub p} by a≈√(2)a{sub p}, b≈√(2)a{sub p} and c ≈ 2a{sub p}. The structures show an alternate distribution of the Ru{sup 5+} (2d: 0.5, 0, 0) and Hr{sup 3+} (2c: 0, 0.5, 0) making up RuO{sub 6} and HrO{sub 6} octahedra alternatively arranged in two interleaving fcc sublattices, where the O(1), O(2), and O(3) ions are localized at the corner of the octahedral, while the Sr{sup 2+} is located at the A-site, occupying the cavities built by the corner-sharing octahedra with Wyckoff position 4e. Due to the existence of mismatched ionic sizes between the ionic radii of the Sr{sub 2}HrRuO{sub 6} compounds, the HrO{sub 6} and RuO{sub 6} octahedra are constrained to tilting around the [111]{sub c}, [001]{sub c}, and [110]{sub c} cubic directions so as to optimize the Sr–O inter-atomic bond lengths, tending to rotate the structure in order to fix the Ru{sup 5+} and Hr{sup 3+} ions on the M′ and M″ sites of the complex perovskites. The cell parameters a, b, and c, the inter-atomic bond angles, the inter-atomic bond lengths, and the tilting angles increase as the Hr-cation ionic radius increases. The mismatch that exists in the Sr{sub 2}HrRuO{sub 6} ionic radius produces a large distortion from the ideal cubic symmetry. The pure perovskite-like phase of Sr{sub 2}HrRuO{sub 6} is thermodynamically and kinetically stable at high temperatures above 1420 K, where it is entirely governed by the average size of the Hr{sup 3+} and Ru

Temperature effects on separation of Gd3+ from Gd-DTPA-folate using nanofiltration method

Science.gov (United States)

Rahayu, I.; Indraneli, R. P.; Yuliyati, Y. B.; Anggraeni, A.; Soedjanaatmadja, U. M. S.; Bahti, H. H.

2018-05-01

MRI is one of the best techniques in medical diagnostics. Contrast agents are used to improve the visual of organs that are difficult to distinguish through MRI. Gd-DTPA-folate is one of the specific contrast agents against cancer diagnosis, because it has a high affinity to folate receptors. In the complexing Gd-DTPA-folate, does not rule out the complexity step runs imperfectly, so there is still Gd3+ in the Gd-DTPA-folate complex. The separation of Gd3+ from the Gd-DTPA-folate complex is important to eliminate toxic effects on the contrast agent. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature on the separation of Gd-DTPA-folate from Gd3+ with nanofiltration. The method are preparation Gd-DTPA-folate from GdCl3.6H2O and DTPA-folate by reflux method, then separated Gd-DTPA-folate complex from Gd3+ with nanofiltration at variation temperature (40, 41, 42, 43, 44oC ). Then, the values of flux and rejection coefficients were analyzed. The results showed that the optimum temperature for the separation of Gd3+ from Gd-DTPA-folate was achieved at 42.6°C with the rejection coefficient of 24% and the permeate flux of 403 L.m-2.h-1.

Thermal conductivity of ferrimagnet GdBaMn2O5.0 single crystals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. C. Wu

2017-05-01

Full Text Available GdBaMn2O5.0 is a double-perovskite ferrimagnet consisting of pyramidal manganese layers. In this work, we study the in-plane and the c-axis thermal conductivities of GdBaMn2O5.0 single crystals at low temperatures down to 0.3 K and in high magnetic fields up to 14 T. The κc(T curve shows a broad hump below the Néel temperature (TN = 144 K, which indicates the magnon heat transport along the c axis. Whereas, the κa(T shows a kink at TN, caused by a magnon-phonon scattering effect. This anisotropic behavior is caused by the anisotropy of spin interactions along different directions. At very low temperatures, magnetic-field-induced changes of κa and κc, which is likely due to phonon scattering by free Gd3+ spins, is rather weak. This indicates that the spin coupling between Gd3+ and Mn2+/Mn3+ is rather strong at low temperatures.

Air stability and magnetic properties of GdN, TiN, and (Gd,Ti)N nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Si Pingzhan; Choi, C. J.; Tegus, O.; Brueck, E.; Geng, D. Y.; Zhang, Z. D.

2008-01-01

GdN, TiN, and (Gd,Ti)N nanoparticles were prepared by arc evaporating Gd, Ti, and Gd-Ti alloys in N 2 , respectively. Most of these nanoparticles show narrow size distribution with average diameter of 20 nm. Shell/core structure was observed in the (Gd,Ti)N nanoparticles, in which the shell was formed by surface reaction with air. (Gd,Ti)N nanoparticles are more stable than GdN nanoparticles in air due partially to the formation of the protective shell. The Curie temperature of GdN nanoparticles is lower than that of the bulk GdN. Both GdN and (Gd, Ti)N nanoparticles are difficult to reach magnetic saturation and show zero coercivity

Spectroscopy and microchip laser operation of Tm, Ho:KYW crystals with different Ho concentrations

Science.gov (United States)

Gusakova, N. V.; Kurilchik, S. V.; Yasukevich, A. S.; Kisel, V. E.; Dashkevich, V. I.; Orlovich, V. A.; Pavlyuk, A. A.; Vatnik, S. M.; Bagaev, S. N.; Kuleshov, N. V.

2018-02-01

The spectroscopic properties of Tm, Ho:KYW crystals with different Ho concentrations were investigated. The diode-pumped microchip laser operation of Tm (5 at.%), Ho (0.5 at.%):KYW and Tm (5 at.%), Ho (1 at.%):KYW was demonstrated. The highest, to our knowledge, output power of 480 mW with slope efficiency of 31% for CW Tm (5 at.%), Ho (0.5 at.%):KYW microchip laser was obtained.

Photoluminescence related to Gd3+:N-vacancy complex in GaN:Gd multi-quantum wells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Almokhtar, Mohamed; Emura, Shuichi; Koide, Akihiro; Fujikawa, Takashi; Asahi, Hajime

2015-01-01

Highlights: • We grew Gd-doped GaN multi-quantum wells (MQWs) with quantum layer thickness of one nm by MBE. • The X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra observed at Gd LIII-edge indicate a nitrogen vacancy adjacent to Gd substituting the Ga ion in Gd-doped GaN MQW. • The photoluminescence of the samples is discussed considering the formation of a Gd 3+ :Nitrogen-vacancy complex. • A model is presented considering exciton-polaron formation trapped in defect sites around the Gd 3+ :N-vacancy complex in Gd-doped GaN MQWs. - Abstract: The photoluminescence of Gd-doped GaN multi-quantum wells (MQWs) is presented and discussed considering the formation of a Gd 3+ :Nitrogen-vacancy (N-vacancy) complex. A lower energy photoluminescence peak was observed for the Gd-doped GaN MQW sample with respect to the main peak assigned to a neutral donor bound exciton (D 0 X) of the undoped GaN MQW sample. The X-ray absorption near edge structure spectrum observed at Gd L III -edge indicates a nitrogen vacancy adjacent to the Gd substituting the Ga ion in Gd-doped GaN MQW sample. Local stresses around the Gd dopants in Gd-doped GaN matrix generated due to the larger diameter of the Gd 3+ ion with respect to the Ga 3+ ion can be relieved by the creation of vacancies. The lower formation energy of N-vacancies in GaN matrix introduce them as a preferred candidate to relieve the generated stresses. A Gd 3+ :N-vacancy complex consisting of a Gd 3+ ion and the created nitrogen vacancy adjacent to the Gd 3+ dopant is likely to form in GaN:Gd matrix. The lower photoluminescence peak energy observed in the Gd-doped GaN MQW sample is assigned to the recombination of an exciton captured at the Gd 3+ :N-vacancy complex forming a small polaron-like state. A model is presented considering the small exciton-polaron population in defect sites captured around the Gd 3+ ions in the Gd-doped GaN

NMR measurements in milled GdCo2 and GdFe2 intermetallic compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tribuzy, C.V.B.; Guimaraes, A.P.; Biondo, A.; Larica, C.; Alves, K.M.B.

1998-12-01

We have used the nuclear magnetic resonance technique to study the magnetic and structural properties of the Gd-Co and Gd-Fe metallic systems, starting with the C15 laves phase intermetallic compounds, and submitting them to a high energy milling process. This leads to the amorphization of the samples, as determined by the X-ray diffraction spectra. For the Gd-Co system the NMR study used the 59 Co nucleus; in the Gd-Fe system, 155,157 Gd and 57 Fe were used. Both systems showed segregation of the pure elements, after a few hours of milling. In the Gd-Co system, a single line, of increasing width, was observed in the 59 Co spectrum. In the Gd-Fe system, the 155 Gd and 157 Gd resonances show three lines, arising from electrical quadrupole interaction. With increasing milling time, the lines broaden, and extra lines appear attributed to a cubic phase of Gd; this interpretation is supported by the X-ray analysis of the samples. The 57 Fe NMR spectrum of this system also informs on the direction of magnetization of the samples in the early stages of milling. From 1 h to 7 h of milling, a spectrum of α-Fe was observed. The study of the NMR line intensity as a function of radio frequency (r.f.) power in Gd Co 2 suggests the existence of regions of the samples with different degrees of disorder. We have observed the persistence of NMR signals from the original intermetallic compounds in the samples with up to 10 h and 7 h of milling, respectively, for Gd Co 2 and Gd Fe 2 . (author)

Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging of avascular necrosis of the hip

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Van de Berg, B.; Malghem, J.; Noel, H.; Maldague, B.

1990-01-01

This paper evaluates the interest of Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging in the diagnosis of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the hip. MR imaging of 10 patients with various stages of AVN of the femoral head (14 abnormal hips) was performed (1.5-T Gyroscan). T1-weighted images before and after contrast injection and T2-weighted images were obtained in two planes. MR images were compared with pathologic findings in six femoral head specimens (total hip replacement). In the early stages of AVN (Mitchell classes A and B), a peripheral band of contrast-enhanced tissue appears on T1-weighted images after Gd-DTPA injection, mimicking the double line seen on T2-weighted images. In later stages (class C and D), the sequestrated segments, appearing hypointense on T1-weighted images, usually show a significant signal intensity enhancement after Gd-DTPA injection. The truly avascular areas may be limited to a band of thickened subchondral bone

Application of modified REFIT code for J-PARC/MLF to evaluation of neutron capture cross section on 155,157Gd

Science.gov (United States)

Mizuyama, Kazuhito; Iwamoto, Nobuyuki; Iwamoto, Osamu; Hasemi, Hiroyuki; Kino, Koichi; Kimura, Atsushi; Kiyanagi, Yoshiaki

2017-09-01

In order to analyze the experimental data measured by the Accurate Neutron-Nucleus Reaction Measurement Instrument (ANNRI) at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex/Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (J-PARC/MLF), it is necessary to take into account the double-bunch structure of the neutron pulse and the energy resolution function for the operational condition of the J-PARC/MLF. The modified REFIT code has been developed to treat the double-bunch neutron pulse and the energy resolution function for J-PARC/MLF. In this study, we applied the modified REFIT code to analyze the new data of the neutron capture cross section of 155Gd and 157Gd recently measured by ANNRI in the J-PARC/MLF, and obtained the resonance parameters of two Gd isotopes. We discussed the differences between the our obtained results and the other libraries.

LiHo(PO34

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mokhtar Férid

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Lithium holmium(III polyphosphate(V, LiHo(PO34, belongs to the type I of polyphosphates with general formula ALn(PO34, where A is a monovalent cation and Ln is a trivalent rare earth cation. In the crystal structure, the polyphosphate chains spread along the b-axis direction, with a repeat period of four tetrahedra and 21 internal symmetry. The Li and Ho atoms are both located on twofold rotation axes and are surrounded by four and eight O atoms, leading to a distorted tetrahedral and dodecahedral coordination, respectively. The HoO8 polyhedra are isolated from each other, the closest Ho...Ho distance being 5.570 (1 Å.

International and national aspects of double taxation

OpenAIRE

Doležalová, Veronika

2007-01-01

Veronika Doležalová Mezinárodní a vnitrostátní aspekty dvojího zdan ní 160 International and national aspects of double taxation - Resumé This thesis pays attention to the area of double taxation and its related national as well as international aspects. The reason for discussing this subject was its importance for removing the obstacles that double taxation presents to the development of economic relations between countries. The thesis is divided into five chapters. There are six annexes att...

Gd-DTPA as a paramagnetic contrast agent in MR imaging of focal liver lesions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamm, B.; Roemer, T.; Wolf, K.J.; Felix, R.; Weinmann, H.J.

1986-01-01

Gd-DTPA enhances signal intensity in healthy liver and in intrahepatic tumors. However, after contrast agent administration, tumor enhances significantly more than liver parenchyma (2α≤ 0.05). Doubling the dose of Gd-DTPA from 0.1 to 0.2 mmol/kg of body weight increases the enhancement of intrahepatic tumors (2α≤ 0.05) and optimizes the contrast between tumor and liver in T1-weighted spin-echo sequences. However, the contrast between tumor and liver on inversion-recovery and T2-weighted images obtained before contrast agent administration is much greater than the difference on T1-weighted images obtained after contrast agent administration (2α≤ 0.05). In fast images the contrast between liver and tumor can be markedly improved by administering Gd-DTPA

Ni3d-Gd4f correlation effects on the magnetic behaviour of GdNi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paulose, P L [Tata Inst. of Fundamental Research, Bombay (India); Patil, Sujata [Tata Inst. of Fundamental Research, Bombay (India); Mallik, R [Tata Inst. of Fundamental Research, Bombay (India); Sampathkumaran, E V [Tata Inst. of Fundamental Research, Bombay (India); Nagarajan, V [Tata Inst. of Fundamental Research, Bombay (India)

1996-07-01

The results of magnetization and heat-capacity measurements on the alloys, Gd{sub 1-x}Y{sub x}Ni (x=0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 0.9) are reported. The data suggest that there is a Gd induced magnetic moment on Ni, which may in turn enhance Gd-Gd exchange interaction strength in GdNi. The induced moment (on Ni) apparently exhibits itinerant ferromagnetism in the magnetically ordered state of GdNi. (orig.).

Evaluation of Gd and Gd{sup 159} as new approaches for cancer treatment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Galvao, I.; Neves, M.J., E-mail: nevesmj@cdtn.br [Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN/CNEN-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Grupo de Desenvolvimento de Radiofarmacos; Santos, R.G., E-mail: santosr@cdtn.br [Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular (INCT-MM), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil)

2011-07-01

Metal compounds have shown many biological activities and have been successfully used as anticancer agents such cisplatin. Actually gadolinium (Gd) complexed with a porphyrin Motexafin (MGd) has been investigated as redox-active compound for treatment of cancer. 1{sup 59G}d decays by beta emission with an energy of 970 keV and half-life of 18.59 hours. The de-excitation can be via gamma ray and internal conversion electron emission followed by auger electrons and x rays. Considering all of this 1{sup 59G}d could be a interesting radionuclide to be as a radio therapeutical agent. The aims of this works were to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Gd and 1{sup 59G}d on malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiform, the most frequent brain tumors which has a very poor prognosis. For this purpose, it was used human glioblastoma cell lines T98 (mutant p53) and U87 (wild-type p53) to investigate the cytotoxicity of gadolinium on cell metabolism by MTT assay and also morphological changes, chromatin condensation by DAPI assay and ROS generation. Gadolinium was able to decrease cell viability, the cells presented morphological changes like round shapes and blebs formation after cell treatment with 5x10{sup -6}M of Gd. Nuclear changing and ROS generation occurred in a dose dependent way indicating the cytotoxic effect of Gd. Treatment with 1{sup 59G}d increased all of changes observed with treatment with Gd. These results state for an additive effect of metal toxicity and radioactivity inducing ROS generation as the main mechanism of anti tumoral action of 1{sup 59G}d. The results obtained indicated that the radioactive analogues of Gd have increased cytotoxic effects and gadolinium can be a metal of choice for development of new drugs for cancer treatment. (author)

Energy levels of Ho3+ in HoCl63-

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanner, P.A.

1987-01-01

The 5 S 2 , 5 F 4 , 5 F 2 , 3 K 8 , 5 G 6 , 5 F 1 , 5 G 5 5 I 8 absorption spectra of Cs 2 NaHoCl 6 have been recorded at temperatures down to that of liquid helium and new assignments are made for the 5 S 2 , 5 F 4 , 3 K 8 and 5 G 5 terms of HoCl 6 3- . The 5 F 3 → 5 I 8 , 5 F 4 , 5 S 2 → 5 I 7 , 5 I 8 and 5 F 5 → 5 I 7 luminescence transitions of HoCl 6 3- in various elpasolite lattices are reported and assigned, together with luminescence decay measurements. Including the previously reported data, these results enable 57 of the first 60 crystal-field levels of HoCl 6 3- , comprising 14 Lsub(j) terms, to be firmly assigned and tentative assignments are made for the remaining three levels. The agreement between the calculated and observed crystal-field splittings is reasonable. (author)

Interplay of spin-dependent delocalization and magnetic anisotropy in the ground and excited states of [Gd2@C78]- and [Gd2@C80]-

Science.gov (United States)

Mansikkamäki, Akseli; Popov, Alexey A.; Deng, Qingming; Iwahara, Naoya; Chibotaru, Liviu F.

2017-09-01

The magnetic properties and electronic structure of the ground and excited states of two recently characterized endohedral metallo-fullerenes, [Gd2@C78]- (1) and [Gd2@C80]- (2), have been studied by theoretical methods. The systems can be considered as [Gd2]5+ dimers encapsulated in a fullerene cage with the fifteen unpaired electrons ferromagnetically coupled into an S = 15/2 high-spin configuration in the ground state. The microscopic mechanisms governing the Gd-Gd interactions leading to the ferromagnetic ground state are examined by a combination of density functional and ab initio calculations and the full energy spectrum of the ground and lowest excited states is constructed by means of ab initio model Hamiltonians. The ground state is characterized by strong electron delocalization bordering on a σ type one-electron covalent bond and minor zero-field splitting (ZFS) that is successfully described as a second order spin-orbit coupling effect. We have shown that the observed ferromagnetic interaction originates from Hund's rule coupling and not from the conventional double exchange mechanism. The calculated ZFS parameters of 1 and 2 in their optimized geometries are in qualitative agreement with experimental EPR results. The higher excited states display less electron delocalization, but at the same time they possess unquenched first-order angular momentum. This leads to strong spin-orbit coupling and highly anisotropic energy spectrum. The analysis of the excited states presented here constitutes the first detailed study of the effects of spin-dependent delocalization in the presence of first order orbital angular momentum and the obtained results can be applied to other mixed valence lanthanide systems.

3D nuclear organization of telomeres in the Hodgkin cell lines U-HO1 and U-HO1-PTPN1: PTPN1 expression prevents the formation of very short telomeres including "t-stumps"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lemieux Bruno

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In cancer cells the three-dimensional (3D telomere organization of interphase nuclei into a telomeric disk is heavily distorted and aggregates are found. In Hodgkin's lymphoma quantitative FISH (3D Q-FISH reveals a major impact of nuclear telomere dynamics during the transition form mononuclear Hodgkin (H to diagnostic multinuclear Reed-Sternberg (RS cells. In vitro and in vivo formation of RS-cells is associated with the increase of very short telomeres including "t-stumps", telomere loss, telomeric aggregate formation and the generation of "ghost nuclei". Results Here we analyze the 3D telomere dynamics by Q-FISH in the novel Hodgkin cell line U-HO1 and its non-receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase N1 (PTPN1 stable transfectant U-HO1-PTPN1, derived from a primary refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma. Both cell lines show equally high telomerase activity but U-HO1-PTPN differs from U-HO1 by a three times longer doubling time, low STAT5A expression, accumulation of RS-cells (p As expected, multinuclear U-HO1-RS-cells and multinuclear U-HO1-PTPN1-RS-cells differ from their mononuclear H-precursors by their nuclear volume (p Conclusion Abundant RS-cells without additional very short telomeres including "t-stumps", high rate of apoptosis, but low STAT5A expression, are hallmarks of the U-HO1-PTPN1 cell line. These characteristics are independent of telomerase activity. Thus, PTPN1 induced dephosphorylation of STAT5 with consecutive lack of Akt/PKB activation and cellular arrest in G2, promoting induction of apoptosis, appears as a possible pathogenetic mechanism deserving further experimental investigation.

Magnetic properties of two new compounds: Pr2Ni3Si5 and Ho2Ni3Si5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mazumdar, C.; Padalia, B.D.; Godart, C.

1994-01-01

Formation of two more new materials, Pr 2 Ni 3 Si 5 and Ho 2 Ni 3 Si 5 , of the series, R 2 Ni 3 Si 5 (R = rare earth and Y) and their magnetic properties are reported here. These materials crystallize in the orthorhombic U 2 Co 3 Si 5 -type structure (space group Ibam). Magnetic susceptibility measurement in the temperature range 5 K--300 K show that the compound Pr 2 Ni 3 Si 5 order antiferromagnetically at T N ∼ 8.5 K and Ho 2 Ni 3 Si 5 at ∼ 6 K. Considering T N (Gd 2 Ni 3 Si 5 ) ∼ 15 K, T N (Pr 2 Ni 3 Si 5 ) ∼ 8.5 K is rather high. The magnetic susceptibility of both of the materials, in the paramagnetic state, follows a Curie-Weiss law with effective moment close to that of the corresponding free trivalent rare earth ion

Calculation of the band structure of GdCo2, GdRh2 e GdIr2 by the APW method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carvalho, J.A.B. de.

1974-03-01

The band structure of GdCo 2 , GdRh 2 , GdIr 2 has been calculated by the APW method. A histogram of the density of states is presented for each compound. The bands are transition-metal-like, with s-d hybridization near the Fermi level. The 5d character near the Fermi level increases as one goes from Co to Ir

Návrh ubytovacího rezervačního internetového portálu

OpenAIRE

Čurilla, Miroslav

2010-01-01

Táto diplomová práca sa zaoberá návrhom ubytovacieho rezervačného internetového portálu. Cieľom práce je navrhnutie systému rezervovania ubytovania v ubytovacích zariadenia optimálnym spôsobom. Vedľajšími cieľmi je navrhnutie hardvérových, softvérových, bezpečnostných, marketingových a ekonomických riešení pri návrhu ubytovacieho rezervačné internetového portálu. This master’s thesis deals with the design of the internet portal for the reservation of accommodation. Its objective is the pro...

Crystal, magnetic, calorimetric and electronic structure investigation of GdScGe1-x Sb x compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Guillou, F.; Pathak, A. K.; Hackett, T. A.; Paudyal, D.; Mudryk, Y.; Pecharsky, V. K.

2017-12-01

Experimental investigations of crystal structure, magnetism and heat capacity of compounds in the pseudoternary GdScGe-GdScSb system combined with density functional theory projections have been employed to clarify the interplay between the crystal structure and magnetism in this series of RTX materials (R  =  rare-earth, T   =  transition metal and X  =  p-block element). We demonstrate that the CeScSi-type structure adopted by GdScGe and CeFeSi-type structure adopted by GdScSb coexist over a limited range of compositions 0.65 ≤slant x ≤slant 0.9 . Antimony for Ge substitutions in GdScGe result in an anisotropic expansion of the unit cell of the parent that is most pronounced along the c axis. We believe that such expansion acts as the driving force for the instability of the double layer CeScSi-type structure of the parent germanide. Extensive, yet limited Sb substitutions 0 ≤slant x disappearance of the induced magnetic moments on Sc. For the parent antimonide, heat capacity measurements indicate an additional transition below the main antiferromagnetic transition.

Density-functional study of the structures and properties of holmium-doped silicon clusters HoSi n (n = 3-9) and their anions.

Science.gov (United States)

Hou, Liyuan; Yang, Jucai; Liu, Yuming

2017-04-01

The structures and properties of Ho-doped Si clusters, including their adiabatic electron affinities (AEAs), simulated photoelectron spectra (PESs), stabilities, magnetic moments, and charge-transfer characteristics, were systematically investigated using four density-functional methods. The results show that the double-hybrid functional (which includes an MP2 correlation component) can accurately predict the ground-state structure and properties of Ho-doped Si clusters. The ground-state structures of HoSi n (n = 3-9) are sextuplet electronic states. The structures of these Ho-doped Si clusters (aside from HoSi 7 ) are substitutional. The ground-state structures of HoSi n - are quintuplet electronic states. Their predicted AEAs are in excellent agreement with the experimental ones. The mean absolute error in the theoretical AEAs of HoSi n (n = 4-9) is only 0.04 eV. The simulated PESs for HoSi n - (n = 5-9) are in good agreement with the experimental PESs. Based on its simulated PES and theoretical AEA, we reassigned the experimental PES of HoSi 4 - and obtained an experimental AEA of 2.2 ± 0.1 eV. The dissociation energies of Ho from HoSi n and HoSi n - (n = 3-9) were evaluated to test the relative stabilities of the clusters. HOMO-LUMO gap analysis indicated that doping the Si clusters with the rare-earth metal atom significantly increases their photochemical reactivity. Natural population analysis showed that the magnetic moments of HoSi n (n = 3-9) and their anions derive mainly from the Ho atom. It was also found that the magnetic moments of Ho in the HoSi n clusters are larger than the magnetic moment of an isolated Ho atom.

Výložník kombinovaného skládkového stroje

OpenAIRE

Štursa, Martin

2013-01-01

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá konstrukcí částí kombinovaného skládkového stroje určeného pro obsluhu skládky hnědého uhlí u uhelné elektrárny. Nejprve jsou nadefinovány základní parametry stroje a silové účinky zatěžující stroj během provozu. Práce dále obsahuje návrh ocelové konstrukce kolesového výložníku, kolesa, korečků, pohonu kolesa, hřídele, ložisek a dalších částí kolesového výložníku. Tyto součásti jsou ověřeny analytickými nebo konečnoprvkovými výpočty. This master’s thesis deal...

Effect of Al2Gd on microstructure and properties of laser clad Mg–Al–Gd coatings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Hong; Zhang, Ke; Yao, Chengwu; Dong, Jie; Li, Zhuguo; Emmelmann, Claus

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Mg–Al–Gd coatings with different Gd contents were fabricated by fiber laser cladding. • Chemical compositions and crystal structures of the second phases were characterized. • Dispersion of Al 2 Gd led to further grain refining and elevated mechanical properties. • Al 2 Gd improved high-temperature performances by preventing tiny liquation. - Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of Gd addition on the microstructures and properties of magnesium coatings, the Mg–7.5Al–xGd (x = 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 wt.%) coatings on cast magnesium alloy were fabricated by laser cladding with wire feeding. The results indicated that the gadolinium (Gd) addition led to the formation of a cubic Al 2 Gd phase as well as suppressed the precipitation of eutectic Mg 17 Al 12 phase. The laser clad coating containing nominally 7.5 wt.% Gd presented the highest microhardness, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength at both room temperature and high temperatures. The enhancement of heat resistant capacities was chiefly attributed to the existence of thermally stable Al 2 Gd particles, which prevented tiny liquation of eutectic phases along the grain boundaries and made great contributions on maintaining high yield ratio during high-temperature deformation

A comparison of Gd-BOPTA and Gd-DOTA for contrast-enhanced MRI of intracranial tumours

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colosimo, C.; Knopp, M.V.; Barreau, X.; Gerardin, E.; Kirchin, M.A.; Guezenoc, F.; Lodemann, K.P.

2004-01-01

A two-centre intra-individual crossover study was performed in 23 patients with suspected high-grade glioma or metastases to assess and compare the safety and enhancement characteristics of two different MRI contrast media (gadobenate dimeglumine, Gd-BOPTA and gadoterate meglumine, Gd-DOTA) at equivalent doses of 0.1 mmol/kg body weight. T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) and T2-weighted fast SE images were obtained before and T1-weighted images 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 15 min after injection. T1-weighted images with magnetisation transfer contrast were acquired 12 min after injection. Qualitative assessment by blinded, off-site readers (reader 1: 19 patients; reader 2: 21) and on-site investigators (23) revealed significant (P ≤0.005) overall preference for Gd-BOPTA over Gd-DOTA for contrast enhancement (Gd-BOPTA preferred in 18, 15 and 18 cases; Gd-DOTA in 0, 1 and 1 and no preference in 1, 5 and 4; off-site readers 1 and 2, and on-site investigators, respectively). A similar significant preference for Gd-BOPTA was expressed by off-site readers and on-site investigators for lesion-to-brain contrast, lesion delineation, internal lesion structure, and overall image preference. Quantitative assessment by off-site readers revealed significantly (p<0.05) greater lesion enhancement with Gd-BOPTA than with Gd-DOTA at all times from 2 min after injection. (orig.)

Primed infusion with delayed equilibrium of Gd.DTPA for enhanced imaging of small pulmonary metastases.

Science.gov (United States)

Kalber, Tammy L; Campbell-Washburn, Adrienne E; Siow, Bernard M; Sage, Elizabeth; Price, Anthony N; Ordidge, Katherine L; Walker-Samuel, Simon; Janes, Sam M; Lythgoe, Mark F

2013-01-01

To use primed infusions of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent Gd.DTPA (Magnevist), to achieve an equilibrium between blood and tissue (eqMRI). This may increase tumor Gd concentrations as a novel cancer imaging methodology for the enhancement of small tumor nodules within the low signal-to-noise background of the lung. A primed infusion with a delay before equilibrium (eqMRI) of the Gd(III) chelator Gd.DTPA, via the intraperitoneal route, was used to evaluate gadolinium tumor enhancement as a function of a bolus injection, which is applied routinely in the clinic, compared to gadolinium maintained at equilibrium. A double gated (respiration and cardiac) spin-echo sequence at 9.4T was used to evaluate whole lungs pre contrast and then at 15 (representative of bolus enhancement), 25 and 35 minutes (representative of eqMRI). This was carried out in two lung metastasis models representative of high and low tumor cell seeding. Lungs containing discrete tumor nodes where inflation fixed and taken for haematoxylin and eosin staining as well as CD34 staining for correlation to MRI. We demonstrate that sustained Gd enhancement, afforded by Gd equilibrium, increases the detection of pulmonary metastases compared to bolus enhancement and those tumors which enhance at equilibrium are sub-millimetre in size (<0.7 mm(2)) with a similar morphology to early bronchoalveolar cell carcinomas. As Gd-chelates are routinely used in the clinic for detecting tumors by MRI, this methodology is readily transferable to the clinic and advances MRI as a methodology for the detection of small pulmonary tumors.

Doping the 1 kton Large Volume Detector with Gd

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bruno, Gianmarco; Fulgione, Walter; Porta, Amanda; Machado, Ana Amelia Bergamini; Mal'gin, Alexei; Molinario, Andrea; Vigorito, Carlo

2011-01-01

The Large Volume Detector (LVD) in the INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Italy, is a ν observatory which has been monitoring the Galaxy since June 1992 to study neutrinos from core collapse supernovae. The experiment in the present configuration is made by 840 scintillator detectors, for a total active mass of 1000 tons. The detector sensitivity to neutrino bursts due to a core collapse supernova has been already discussed in term of maximum detectable distance. In this paper we evaluate the improvements that LVD could obtain if all its active scintillator mass was doped with a small amount (0.14% in weight) of Gadolinium. We simulated neutron captures following ν-bar e inverse beta decay reactions in one LVD counter (1.2 ton) with Gd doped liquid scintillator obtaining an efficiency for the detection of this process of η n | Gd = 80% and a mean capture time τ = 25μs, in good agreement with the results obtained by the measures. This implies a gain of a factor ∼ 20 in the signal to noise ratio for neutron capture detection with respect to the undoped liquid scintillator. We discuss how the captures of neutrons from rock radioactivity on Gd modify the background conditions of the detector and we calculate the curves expressing the sensitivity to a ν-bar e burst from core collapse supernovae depending on the distance of the collapsing star. It results that doping the 1 kton Large Volume Detector with Gd would assure a 90% detection efficiency at the distance of the Large Magellanic Cloud (50 kpc), an achievement which is equivalent to that obtained by doubling the number of counters in LVD

Thermodynamic calculation of Al-Gd and Al-Gd-Mg phase equilibria checked by key experiments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Groebner, J.; Kevorkov, D.; Schmid-Fetzer, R.

2001-01-01

The binary Al-Gd and the ternary Al-Gd-Mg systems were calculated using the Calphad method. It is demonstrated that previous interpretation of ternary liquidus temperatures below 700 C must be related to other phase equilibria. The actual ternary liquidus temperatures are much higher, up to some 600 C above the previous interpretation in literature. They are widely governed by the high-melting compounds Al 2 Gd and Al 3 Gd with liquidus surfaces stretching far into the ternary system. A small number of key experiments in this work confirmed the calculated liquidus temperature and the phase relations. The available experimental data in literature fit excellently with the calculation in the binary Al-Gd system. In the ternary Al-Gd-Mg system, which is shown in several sections of the phase diagram, a good agreement can be observed too, considering the necessary reinterpretation of the liquidus temperatures suggested by Rokhlin et al. Ternary solubilities were not found experimentally. The ternary compound Al 4 GdMg (τ) forms in a ternary peritectic reaction at 761 C. (orig.)

Reaction rate constant of HO2+O3 measured by detecting HO2 from photofragment fluorescence

Science.gov (United States)

Manzanares, E. R.; Suto, Masako; Lee, Long C.; Coffey, Dewitt, Jr.

1986-01-01

A room-temperature discharge-flow system investigation of the rate constant for the reaction 'HO2 + O3 yields OH + 2O2' has detected HO2 through the OH(A-X) fluorescence produced by photodissociative excitation of HO2 at 147 nm. A reaction rate constant of 1.9 + or - 0.3 x 10 to the -15th cu cm/molecule per sec is obtained from first-order decay of HO2 in excess O3; this agrees well with published data.

Effect of Al{sub 2}Gd on microstructure and properties of laser clad Mg–Al–Gd coatings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Hong; Zhang, Ke; Yao, Chengwu [Shanghai Key Lab of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Dong, Jie [National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Li, Zhuguo, E-mail: lizg@sjtu.edu.cn [Shanghai Key Lab of Materials Laser Processing and Modification, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Emmelmann, Claus [Institute of Laser and System Technologies, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073 (Germany)

2015-03-01

Highlights: • Mg–Al–Gd coatings with different Gd contents were fabricated by fiber laser cladding. • Chemical compositions and crystal structures of the second phases were characterized. • Dispersion of Al{sub 2}Gd led to further grain refining and elevated mechanical properties. • Al{sub 2}Gd improved high-temperature performances by preventing tiny liquation. - Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of Gd addition on the microstructures and properties of magnesium coatings, the Mg–7.5Al–xGd (x = 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 wt.%) coatings on cast magnesium alloy were fabricated by laser cladding with wire feeding. The results indicated that the gadolinium (Gd) addition led to the formation of a cubic Al{sub 2}Gd phase as well as suppressed the precipitation of eutectic Mg{sub 17}Al{sub 12} phase. The laser clad coating containing nominally 7.5 wt.% Gd presented the highest microhardness, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength at both room temperature and high temperatures. The enhancement of heat resistant capacities was chiefly attributed to the existence of thermally stable Al{sub 2}Gd particles, which prevented tiny liquation of eutectic phases along the grain boundaries and made great contributions on maintaining high yield ratio during high-temperature deformation.

Generating a 2.4-W cw Green Laser by Intra-Cavity Frequency Doubling of a Diode-Pumped Nd:GdVO4 Laser with a MgO:PPLN Crystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu Jun; Liu Yan-Hua; Zhao Gang; Hu Xiao-Peng; Zhu Shi-Ning

2012-01-01

High-power cw green laser radiation is generated by intra-cavity frequency doubling of a diode-pumped Nd:GdVO 4 laser with a MgO-doped periodically-poled LiNbO 3 (MgO:PPLN) crystal at room temperature. An average power of 2.4 W at 0.53 μm is obtained under the pump 15 W at 808 nm, corresponding to an overall optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 16%. The M 2 factor of the green beam is 3.90 and 1.34 for the horizontal and vertical direction, respectively. In addition, the power fluctuation is measured to be about ±5%

Measurement of Gd content in (U,Gd)O2 using thermal gravimetric analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Keon Sik; Yang, Jae Ho; Kang, Ki Won; Song, Kun Woo; Kim, Gil Moo

2004-01-01

We propose a simple and precise method for measuring the Gd content in the (U,Gd)O 2 pellet by only measuring the weight variation of the pellet during thermal heat treatment in air. The (U,Gd)O 2 fuel pellets were oxidized at 475 deg. C, subsequently heat treated at 1300 deg. C, and then cooled to room temperature in air. The accompanying weight variations were measured using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The measured weight variations were mathematically analyzed with reference to the successive phase reactions during the heat treatment. This method provides an advantage in that the rare-earth element content including Gd can be measured using relatively simple equipment such as an electric furnace and a balance

CW laser properties of Nd:GdYAG, Nd:LuYAG, and Nd:GdLuAG mixed crystals

Science.gov (United States)

Di, J. Q.; Xu, X. D.; Li, D. Z.; Zhou, D. H.; Wu, F.; Zhao, Z. W.; Xu, J.; Tang, D. Y.

2011-10-01

Three mixed crystals, Nd:GdYAG, Nd:LuYAG, and Nd:GdLuAG, were grown by Czochralski method. We report the continuous-wave (CW) Nd:GdYAG, Nd:LuYAG, and Nd:GdLuAG laser operation under laser diode pumping. The maximum output powers are 4.11, 5.31, and 7.47 W, with slope efficiency of 73.0, 55.3, and 57.1%, respectively. With replacing Lu3+ or Y3+ ions with large Gd3+ ions, the pump efficiency increases.

Doping the 1 kton Large Volume Detector with Gd

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bruno, Gianmarco [University of L' Aquila, Via Vetoio snc, 67100 Coppito (AQ) Italy (Italy); Fulgione, Walter; Porta, Amanda [Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, INAF, Corso Fiume 4, Torino (Italy); Machado, Ana Amelia Bergamini [Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, INFN, s.s. 17bis Km 18-10, Assergi (AQ) (Italy); Mal' gin, Alexei [Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Shestidesyatiletiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow, 117312 (Russian Federation); Molinario, Andrea; Vigorito, Carlo, E-mail: bruno@to.infn.it, E-mail: fulgione@to.infn.it, E-mail: ana.machado@lngs.infn.it, E-mail: malgin@lngs.infn.it, E-mail: amolinar@to.infn.it, E-mail: Amanda.Porta@subatech.in2p3.fr, E-mail: vigorito@to.infn.it [INFN, Via Pietro Giuria 1, Torino (Italy)

2011-06-01

The Large Volume Detector (LVD) in the INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Italy, is a ν observatory which has been monitoring the Galaxy since June 1992 to study neutrinos from core collapse supernovae. The experiment in the present configuration is made by 840 scintillator detectors, for a total active mass of 1000 tons. The detector sensitivity to neutrino bursts due to a core collapse supernova has been already discussed in term of maximum detectable distance. In this paper we evaluate the improvements that LVD could obtain if all its active scintillator mass was doped with a small amount (0.14% in weight) of Gadolinium. We simulated neutron captures following ν-bar {sub e} inverse beta decay reactions in one LVD counter (1.2 ton) with Gd doped liquid scintillator obtaining an efficiency for the detection of this process of η{sub n}|{sub Gd} = 80% and a mean capture time τ = 25μs, in good agreement with the results obtained by the measures. This implies a gain of a factor ∼ 20 in the signal to noise ratio for neutron capture detection with respect to the undoped liquid scintillator. We discuss how the captures of neutrons from rock radioactivity on Gd modify the background conditions of the detector and we calculate the curves expressing the sensitivity to a ν-bar {sub e} burst from core collapse supernovae depending on the distance of the collapsing star. It results that doping the 1 kton Large Volume Detector with Gd would assure a 90% detection efficiency at the distance of the Large Magellanic Cloud (50 kpc), an achievement which is equivalent to that obtained by doubling the number of counters in LVD.

Computing distance distributions from dipolar evolution data with overtones: RIDME spectroscopy with Gd(iii)-based spin labels.

Science.gov (United States)

Keller, Katharina; Mertens, Valerie; Qi, Mian; Nalepa, Anna I; Godt, Adelheid; Savitsky, Anton; Jeschke, Gunnar; Yulikov, Maxim

2017-07-21

Extraction of distance distributions between high-spin paramagnetic centers from relaxation induced dipolar modulation enhancement (RIDME) data is affected by the presence of overtones of dipolar frequencies. As previously proposed, we account for these overtones by using a modified kernel function in Tikhonov regularization analysis. This paper analyzes the performance of such an approach on a series of model compounds with the Gd(iii)-PyMTA complex serving as paramagnetic high-spin label. We describe the calibration of the overtone coefficients for the RIDME kernel, demonstrate the accuracy of distance distributions obtained with this approach, and show that for our series of Gd-rulers RIDME technique provides more accurate distance distributions than Gd(iii)-Gd(iii) double electron-electron resonance (DEER). The analysis of RIDME data including harmonic overtones can be performed using the MATLAB-based program OvertoneAnalysis, which is available as open-source software from the web page of ETH Zurich. This approach opens a perspective for the routine use of the RIDME technique with high-spin labels in structural biology and structural studies of other soft matter.

Peculiar features of thermal emission of GdB4 and GdB6 single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ostrovskij, E.K.; Taran, A.A.; Kovalev, A.V.; Tkachenko, V.F.; Dudnik, E.M.; Matvienko, A.A.

1990-01-01

Thermoemission parameters of single crystals (410) GdB 4 and (110) GdB 6 are studied. Work function is calculated by total current. It is stated that work function of GdB 6 within temperature range of 1500-1880 K after 80 h of annealing varies from 2.95 to 3.10 eV practically with the same temperature coefficient as GdB 4 , i.e. 4.1x10 -4 eV/K. It is shown that single crystal gadolinium hexaboride during the high-temperature annealing in the surface region (∼70 mm) is transformed into gadolinium tetraboride. Influence of free air has been first studied on the GdB 4 emissivity which is determined to increase to p=1.3x10 -2 Pa within the range of T=1640-1840 K

The Gd-Co-Al system at 870/1070 K as a representative of the rare earth-Co-Al family and new rare-earth cobalt aluminides: Crystal structure and magnetic properties

Science.gov (United States)

Morozkin, A. V.; Garshev, A. V.; Knotko, A. V.; Yapaskurt, V. O.; Mozharivskyj, Y.; Yuan, Fang; Yao, Jinlei; Nirmala, R.; Quezado, S.; Malik, S. K.

2018-05-01

The Gd-Co-Al system has been investigated at 870/1070 K by X-ray and elemental EDS analyses. The existence of the known compounds Gd2Co3Al9 (Y2Co3Ga9-type), Gd3Co4.5Al11.5 (Gd3Co4.6Al11) (Gd3Ru4Al12-type), Gd3Co6-7.4Al3-1.6 (CeNi3-type), GdCo1.15-0.65Al0.85-1.35 (MgZn2-type), Gd2Co2Al (Mo2NiB2-type) and Gd3Co3.5-3.25Al0.5-0.75 (W3CoB3-type) has been confirmed at 870/1070 K. Structure types have been determined for Gd2Co6Al19 (U2Co6Al19-type), Gd7Co6Al7 (Pr7Co6Al7-type), Gd6Co2-2.21Al1-0.79 (Ho6Co2Ga-type) and Gd14Co3.2Al2.8 (Gd14Co2.58Al3.42 at 970 K) (Lu14Co3In3-type). The structures of Gd6Co2Al, Gd6Co2.21Al0.79 and Gd14Co2.58Al3.42 flux-grown at 970 K have been refined from the single crystal X-ray diffraction data. Additionally, new ternary compounds Gd2Co5.7-5.3Al1.3-1.7 (Er2Co7-type) and Gd58Co20Al22 (unknown type structure) have been identified. Quasi-binary solid solutions were detected for Gd2Co17, GdCo5, Gd2Co7, GdCo3, GdCo2 and GdAl2 at 870/1070 K, while no appreciable solubility was observed for the other binary compounds in the Gd-Co-Al system. Magnetic properties of the Gd2Co3Al9, Gd3Co4.6Al11, Gd7Co6Al7, Gd6Co2.2Al0.8 and Gd14Co2.58Al3.42 compounds have been studied and are presented in this work. Gd6Co2.2Al0.8, Gd3Co4.6Al11, Gd7Co6Al7 and Gd14Co2.58Al3.42 order ferromagnetically, while Gd2Co3Al9 displays antiferromagnetic transition. Additionally, {Y, Sm, Tb - Tm}2Co6Al19 (U2Co6Al19-type), Yb2Co3Al9 (Y2Co3Ga9-type), {Y, Sm, Tm, Yb}3Co4.6Al11 (Gd3Ru4Al12-type) and Tb7Co6Al7 (Pr7Co6Al7-type) compounds have been synthesized and investigated.

Sensitivity and Specificity of Double-Track Sign in the Detection of Transverse Sinus Stenosis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, De-Sheng; Fu, Jue; Zhang, Yi; Xie, Chong; Wang, Xiao-Qing; Zhang, Yue; Yang, Jie; Li, Shi-Xu; Liu, Xiao-Bei; Wan, Zhi-Wen; Dong, Qiang; Guan, Yang-Tai

2015-01-01

Transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) is common among patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. No previous studies have reported on double-track sign detected on axial Gd-enhanced T1WI in TSS. This study aimed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the double-track sign in the detection of TSS. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 383 patients with transverse sinus thrombosis (TST) and 30 patients with normal transverse sinus from 5 participating hospitals in china from January 2008 to June 2014. 167 feasible transverse sinuses included in this study were categorized into TSS (n = 76), transverse sinus occlusion (TSO) (n = 52) and transverse sinus normal (TSN) groups (n = 39) according to imaging diagnosis on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) or magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Double-track sign on axial Gd-enhanced T1WI was compared among the three groups. Sensitivity and specificity of double-track sign in detection of TSS were calculated, with final imaging diagnosis of TSS on DSA or MRV as the reference standard. Of 383 patients with TST recruited over a 6.5-year period, 128 patients were enrolled in the study, 255 patients were excluded because of insufficient clinical data, imaging finding and delay time, and 30 matched patients with normal transverse sinus were enrolled in the control group. Therefore, double-track sign assessment was conducted in 167 available transverse sinuses of 158 patients. Of the 76 sinuses in TSS group, 51 had double-track sign. Of the other 91 sinuses in TSO and TSN groups, 3 had a false-positive double-track sign. Thus, double-track sign on axial Gd-enhanced T1WI was 67.1% (95% CI 55.3-77.2) sensitive and 96.7% (95% CI 89.9-99.1) specific for detection of TSS. The double-track sign on axial Gd-enhanced T1WI is highly specific and moderate sensitive for detection of TSS. Nevertheless, it could be a direct sign and might provide an early clue for TSS.

The effect of Gd doping on the electrical and photoelectrical properties of Gd:ZnO/p-Si heterojunctions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baturay, Silan [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir (Turkey); Ocak, Yusuf Selim, E-mail: yusufselim@gmail.com [Department of Science, Faculty of Education, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir (Turkey); Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir (Turkey); Kaya, Derya [Department of Physics, Institute of Natural Applied Sciences, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakir (Turkey)

2015-10-05

Highlights: • Undoped and Gd doped ZnO thin films were deposited onto p-Si semiconductor. • The Gd:ZnO/p-Si heterojunctions were compared with undoped ZnO/p-Si heterojunction. • A strong effect of Gd doping on the performance of the devices were reported. - Abstract: Undoped ZnO thin films, as well as 1%, 3% and 5% Gd-doped ZnO films, were deposited on p-type Si using spin coating. The structural properties of these thin films were analysed using X-ray diffraction, and the current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of the Gd:ZnO/p-Si heterojunctions were compared with those of the undoped ZnO/p-Si heterojunctions. We found that Gd doping had a strong effect on the performance of the devices, and that the Gd:ZnO/p-Si heterojunctions formed with 1% Gd-doped ZnO were the most strongly rectifying, and had the highest barrier height and the lowest series resistance. Furthermore, the I–V measurements of the 1% Gd-doped ZnO/p-Si heterojunction exhibited the strongest response to light.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hollow Magnetic Alloy (GdNi2, Co5Gd Nanospheres Coated with Gd2O3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wang Li

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Uniform magnetic hollow nanospheres (GdNi2, Co5Gd coated with Gd2O3 have been successfully prepared on a large scale via a urea-based homogeneous precipitation method using silica (SiO2 spheres as sacrificed templates, followed by subsequent heat treatment. Nitrogen sorption measurements and scanning electron microscope reveal that these hollow-structured magnetic nanospheres have the mesoporous shells that are composed of a large amount of uniform nanoparticles. After reduction treatment, these nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetism that might have potential applications in medicine. Furthermore, the developed synthesis route may provide an important guidance for the preparation of other multifunctional hollow spherical materials.

Giant magnetocaloric effect in Gd5(Si2Ge2 alloy with low purity Gd

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cleber Santiago Alves

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Gd5(Ge1-xSi x, x < 4 based alloys are potential candidates for magnetic refrigeration in the range ~20 - ~290 K. However, one of the greatest obstacles for the use of that technology in large scale is the utilization of high pure Gd metal (99.99 wt. (% to produce the GdGeSi alloys, since the impurity elements decrease the intensity of the magnetocaloric effect (EMC¹. In this work, we prove that annealing of the Gd5Ge2Si2 can promote remarkable values for the EMC in comparison to those obtained for the alloy with high pure Gd. Also, the as cast alloy and the annealed alloy are not monophasic, but have at least two crystalline phases in their microstructure. Results for X-ray analysis, optical and electronic microscopy and magnetization measurements are reported.

Phase-Transition and Magnetic Moment of the Gd3+ Ion in the Gd2Fe17 Compound

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

HAO Yan-Ming; FU Bin; ZHOU Yan; ZHAO Miao

2009-01-01

The structure and magnetic phase transitions of the Gd2Fe17 compound are investigated by using a differential thermal/thermogravimetric analyzer, x-ray diffraction, and magnetization measurements. The result shows that there are two phase structures for the Gd2Fe17 compound: the hexagonal Th2Ni17-type structure at high tem-peratures (above 1243℃), and the rhombohedrai Th2Zn17-type structure, respectively. A method to measure the magnetic moments of the Gd-sublattice and the Fe-sublattice in the Gd2Fe17 compound is presented. The moments of the Gd-sublattice and the Fe-sublattice in the Gd2Fe17 compound from 77 to 500 K are measured in this way with a vibrating sample magnetometer. A detailed discussion is presented.

Řízení procesu reaktivního magnetronového naprašování

OpenAIRE

Dušek, Jan

2014-01-01

Bakalářská práce stručně popisuje technologii reaktivního magnetronového naprašování a zabývá se návrhem a realizací programu k jeho ovládání. K tomuto účelu byl vytvořen ovládací program pro řízení jednotlivých komponent aparatury PLS160 v programovacím prostředí LabView. Na základě znalostí technologického procesu a postupu reaktivního magnetronového naprašování byl vytvořen automatický program. Tento automatický program je možné modifikovat pomocí receptů. Vedle programové skladby byly pro...

Low-frequency dielectric dispersion and magnetic properties of La, Gd modified Pb(Fe1/2Ta1/2)O3 multiferroics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choudhury, R.N.P.; Rodriguez, C.; Bhattacharya, P.; Katiyar, R.S.; Rinaldi, C.

2007-01-01

Pb(Fe 1/2 Ta 1/2 )O 3 (PFT) modified by rare-earth (La and Gd) ions has been synthesized in a single phase using a double-stage synthesis (i.e., Columbite) technique. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the pellet samples have shown a significant change in their grain size and uniform distribution of Gd/La at the Fe-sites. The room temperature X-ray structural analysis shows that the reported cubic (or tetragonal) structure of PFT has been distorted to a monoclinic system on substitution of La/Gd at the Fe-site. Detailed studies of dielectric properties of the above compound on La/Gd substitution have shown strong dielectric dispersion at low frequency (i.e. relaxor behavior) with drastic change in transition temperature. Magnetic characterization shows that though the PFT sample displays an antiferromagnetic transition at ∼150 K, the rare-earth ions-substituted samples do not. Furthermore, temperature dependence of magnetization measurements shows that spin glass transition observed in PFT at low temperatures (5-20 K) does not exist in the La and Gd substituted PFT. Doping of Gd in PFT increases the sample magnetization, especially at low temperature

Phantom and animal studies of a new hepatobiliary agent for MR imaging: comparison of Gd-DTPA-DeA with Gd-EOB-DTPA.

Science.gov (United States)

Yoshikawa, Kohki; Inoue, Yusuke; Akahane, Masaaki; Shimada, Morio; Itoh, Sayaka; Seno, Atsushi; Hayashi, Sanshin

2003-08-01

To investigate the characteristics of Gd-DTPA-DeA as a hepatobiliary contrast agent for MR imaging in comparison with those of Gd-EOB-DTPA. We undertook phantom experiments to assess T1 relaxivity for Gd-DTPA-DeA, Gd-EOB-DTPA, and Gd-DTPA in human plasma. For Gd-DTPA-DeA and Gd-EOB-DTPA, we evaluated the contrast effect in rats using an SPGR sequence. The contrast ratios of liver and abdominal aorta were measured up to 21 minutes after intravenous administration of the agents. Visualization of the bile duct and renal pelvis was also assessed. In human plasma, T1 relaxivity was similar for Gd-DTPA-DeA and Gd-EOB-DTPA, and higher than those for Gd-DTPA. Whereas the contrast ratio of liver peaked about five minutes after the injection of Gd-EOB-DTPA and was followed by a subsequent decline, a continuous rise was shown for Gd-DTPA-DeA, resulting in a larger maximal contrast effect. Contrast ratios of the abdominal aorta were larger for Gd-DTPA-DeA. Biliary excretion was observed for both agents but occurred earlier with Gd-EOB-DTPA. While renal excretion was shown for all rats three minutes after the injection of Gd-EOB-DTPA, it was not observed for Gd-DTPA-DeA. Gd-DTPA-DeA may be used as a hepatobiliary contrast agent and shows different pharmacokinetics from Gd-EOB-DTPA. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Photocytotoxicity and DNA photocleavage activity of La(III) and Gd(III) complexes of phenanthroline bases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hussain, Akhtar; Saha, Sounik; Chakravarty, Akhil R.; Majumdar, Ritankar; Dighe, Rajan R.

2011-01-01

Lanthanide(III) complexes (La(B)(acac) 3 ) (1-3) and (Gd(B)(acac) 3 ) (4-6), where B is a N,N-donor phenanthroline base, viz., 1,10-phenanthroline (phen in 1, 4), dipyrido(3,2-d:2',3'-f)quinoxaline (dpq in 2, 5) and dipyrido(3,2-a:2',3'-c)phena-zine (dppz in 3, 6), have been prepared and characterized. The Gd(III) complexes 4 - 6 are structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The complexes display GdO 6 N 2 coordination with the ligands showing bidentate chelating mode of bonding. The complexes are non-electrolytic in aqueous DMF and exhibit ligand-centered absorption bands in the UV region. The dppz complexes show a band at 380 nm in DMF. The La(III) complexes are diamagnetic. The Gd(III) complexes are paramagnetic with magnetic moment that corresponds to seven unpaired electrons. The complexes are avid binders to calf thymus DNA giving K b values in the range of 4.7 x 10 4 - 6.1 x 10 5 M -1 with a relative binding order: 3, 6 (dppz) > 2, 5 (dpq) > 1, 4 (phen). The binding data suggest DNA surface and/or groove binding nature of the complexes. The dpq and dppz complexes efficiently cleave SC DNA to its nicked circular form in UV-A light of 365 nm via formation of both singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) and hydroxyl radical (HO · ) species. The dppz complexes 3 and 6 exhibit significant PDT effect in HeLa cervical cancer cells giving respective IC 50 value of 460(±50) and 530(±30) nM in UV-A light of 365 nm, and are essentially non-toxic in dark with an IC 50 value of >100 μM. The dppz ligand alone is cytotoxic in dark and UV-A light. A significant decrease in the dark toxicity of the dppz base is observed on binding to the Ln(Ill) ion while retaining its photocytotoxicity. (author)

The production and use of a 148Gd charged particle target in a spectroscopic study of 147Gd

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Massey, T.N.

1988-01-01

This thesis discusses the nuclear structure of 147 Gd elucidated by the neutron pickup reactions (p,d), (d,t) and ( 3 He,α) on the unstable 148 Gd target. The neutron pickup reaction on 148 Gd probes the two-particle-one-hole states by the pickup of neutrons in the shell model orbitals below the N = 82 gap and one-particle states by pickup of neutrons in shell model orbitals above the N = 82 gap. Our experiments will provide information on the location of neutron single-particle energies which can be used for shell-model calculations in the 146 Gd region. The 2-particle-1-hole (2p-1h) states which are probed directly by the neutron transfer reaction in the experiments with the 148 Gd target, will bear indirectly on the energies of one-hole states in 145 Gd. They will also provide information on the strongest single-particle states in 147 Gd because all the single-particle states in the 148 Gd target are partially occupied because of the mixing by the pairing interaction. 107 refs., 23 figs., 20 tabs

Návrh slaďování pracovního a soukromého života ve vybrané organizaci

OpenAIRE

Majerčíková, Andrea

2014-01-01

Cílem diplomové práce je analyzovat strategii vybrané soukromé organizace v oblasti slaďování pracovního a osobního života a navrhnout opatření ke zlepšení stávajícího stavu. Práce specifikuje pojmy jako konflikt rolí v rámci pracovního a osobního života, gender a politika rovných příležitostí, koncept „flexicurity“ a dále nastiňuje různorodá opatření napomáhající slaďování pracovního a soukromého života. V rámci analýzy bylo využito dotazníkového šetření a rozhovoru s manažerkou vybrané orga...

In vivo transport of Gd-DTPA2- into human meniscus and cartilage assessed with delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC)

Science.gov (United States)

2014-01-01

Background Impaired stability is a risk factor in knee osteoarthritis (OA), where the whole joint and not only the joint cartilage is affected. The meniscus provides joint stability and is involved in the early pathological progress of OA. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) has been used to identify pre-radiographic changes in the cartilage in OA, but has been used less commonly to examine the meniscus, and then using only a double dose of the contrast agent. The purpose of this study was to enable improved early OA diagnosis by investigate the temporal contrast agent distribution in the meniscus and femoral cartilage simultaneously, in healthy volunteers, using 3D dGEMRIC at two different doses of the contrast agent Gd-DTPA2-. Methods The right knee in 12 asymptomatic volunteers was examined using a 3D Look-Locker sequence on two occasions after an intravenous injection of a double or triple dose of Gd-DTPA2- (0.2 or 0.3 mmol/kg body weight). The relaxation time (T1) and relaxation rate (R1 = 1/T1) were measured in the meniscus and femoral cartilage before, and 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after injection, and the change in relaxation rate (ΔR1) was calculated. Paired t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical evaluation. Results The triple dose yielded higher concentrations of Gd-DTPA2- in the meniscus and cartilage than the double dose, but provided no additional information. The observed patterns of ΔR1 were similar for double and triple doses of the contrast agent. ΔR1 was higher in the meniscus than in femoral cartilage in the corresponding compartments at all time points after injection. ΔR1 increased until 90-180 minutes in both the cartilage and the meniscus (p meniscus at all time points (p meniscus, than in the avascular central part of the posterior medial meniscus during the first 60 minutes (p meniscus and cartilage simultaneously using dGEMRIC, preferably 90 minutes after the injection of a

UV-visible light photocatalytic properties of NaYF4:(Gd, Si)/TiO2 composites

Science.gov (United States)

Mavengere, Shielah; Kim, Jung-Sik

2018-06-01

In this study, a new novel composite photocatalyst of NaYF4:(Gd, Si)/TiO2 phosphor has been synthesized by two step method of solution combustion and sol-gel. The photocatalyst powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the anatase TiO2 phase which remarkably increased with existence of yttrium silicate compounds between 800 cm-1 and 900 cm-1. Double-addition of Gd3+-Si4+ ions in NaYF4 host introduced sub-energy band levels with intense absorption in the ultraviolet (UV) light region. Photocatalytic activity was examined by exposing methylene blue (MB) solutions mixed with photocatalyst powders to 254 nm UV-C fluorescent lamp and 200 W visible lights. The UV and visible photocatalytic reactivity of the NaYF4:(Gd, 1% Si)/TiO2 phosphor composites showed enhanced MB degradation efficiency. The coating of NaYF4:(Gd, 1% Si) phosphor with TiO2 nanoparticles creates energy band bending at the phosphor/TiO2 interfaces. Thus, these composites exhibited enhanced absorption of UV/visible light and the separation of electron and hole pairs for efficient photocatalysis.

Radiation characteristics of GD-2 fuel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chrapciak, V.

2008-01-01

The assembly WWER-440 type Gd-2 has radial profile of enrichment and has 6 pins with Gd 2 O 3 . The maximal enrichment is 4.4%. Some analyses are done for assembly with flat enrichment (4.4%) and without Gd 2 O 3 . In this article are compared some characteristics (decay heat, some nuclide concentration, photon and gamma sources) for real Gd-2 assembly and for flat 4.4% assembly. The TRITON module (in SCALE 5.1) was used. (Author)

Evaluation of Gd and Gd159 as new approaches for cancer treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galvao, I.; Neves, M.J.

2011-01-01

Metal compounds have shown many biological activities and have been successfully used as anticancer agents such cisplatin. Actually gadolinium (Gd) complexed with a porphyrin Motexafin (MGd) has been investigated as redox-active compound for treatment of cancer. 1 59G d decays by beta emission with an energy of 970 keV and half-life of 18.59 hours. The de-excitation can be via gamma ray and internal conversion electron emission followed by auger electrons and x rays. Considering all of this 1 59G d could be a interesting radionuclide to be as a radio therapeutical agent. The aims of this works were to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Gd and 1 59G d on malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiform, the most frequent brain tumors which has a very poor prognosis. For this purpose, it was used human glioblastoma cell lines T98 (mutant p53) and U87 (wild-type p53) to investigate the cytotoxicity of gadolinium on cell metabolism by MTT assay and also morphological changes, chromatin condensation by DAPI assay and ROS generation. Gadolinium was able to decrease cell viability, the cells presented morphological changes like round shapes and blebs formation after cell treatment with 5x10 -6 M of Gd. Nuclear changing and ROS generation occurred in a dose dependent way indicating the cytotoxic effect of Gd. Treatment with 1 59G d increased all of changes observed with treatment with Gd. These results state for an additive effect of metal toxicity and radioactivity inducing ROS generation as the main mechanism of anti tumoral action of 1 59G d. The results obtained indicated that the radioactive analogues of Gd have increased cytotoxic effects and gadolinium can be a metal of choice for development of new drugs for cancer treatment. (author)

Two- to one-phonon E3 transition strength in {sup 148}Gd

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Piiparinen, M [Niels Bohr Institute, Tandem Accelerator Laboratory, Roskilde (Denmark); [Jyvaeskylae Univ. (Finland). Dept. of Physics; Atac, A; Nyberg, J; Ramsoy, T; Sletten, G [Niels Bohr Institute, Tandem Acceleratory Laboratory, Roskile, (Denmark); Virtanen, A; Muller, D [Jyvaeskylae Univ. (Finland). Dept. of Physics; Kleinheinz, P [Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH (Germany). Inst. fuer Kernphysik; Blomqvist, J [Manne Siegbahn Inst. of Physics, Stockholm (Sweden)

1992-08-01

In a plunger experiment the mean life of the ({nu} f{sub 6}{sup 2}x3{sup -}x3{sup -})12{sup +} state at 3.981 MeV in {sub 64}{sup 148}Gd{sub 84} was measured as {tau}=83(10)ps, giving 77(11)B{sub w} for the 1286 keV 12{sup +} {yields} 9{sup -} E3 transition rate, which confirms the double-octupole character of the 12{sup +} state. The observed deviations in energy and transition rate from harmonic vibration are shown to be caused by the exclusion principle acting between nucleons in the two phonons and are related to the dominant contributions to the {sup 148}Gd octupole phonon of the low-lying {Delta}l={Delta}j=3 proton- and neutron in-shell 3{sup -} excitations which are of vital significance for the octupole mode in open-shell nuclei. (author). 17 refs., 2 figs.

Double Chooz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buck, Christian [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg (Germany)

2006-05-15

The goal of the Double Chooz reactor neutrino experiment is to search for the neutrino mixing parameter {theta}{sub 13}. Double Chooz will use two identical detectors at 150 m and 1.05 km distance from the reactor cores. The near detector is used to monitor the reactor {nu}-bar {sub e} flux while the second is dedicated to the search for a deviation from the expected (1/distance){sup 2} behavior. This two detector concept will allow a relative normalization systematic error of ca. 0.6 %. The expected sensitivity for sin{sup 2}2{theta}{sub 13} is then in the range 0.02 - 0.03 after three years of data taking. The antineutrinos will be detected in a liquid scintillator through the capture on protons followed by a gamma cascade, produced by the neutron capture on Gd.

High Power Continuous-Wave Diode-End-Pumped 1.34-μm Nd:GdVO4 Laser

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rui, Zhou; Shuang-Chen, Ruan; Chen-Lin, Du; Jian-Quan, Yao

2008-01-01

A high power cw all-solid-state 1.34-μm Nd:GdVO 4 laser is experimentally demonstrated. With a diode-double-end-pumped configuration and a simple plane-parallel cavity, a maximum output power of 27.9W is obtained at incident pump power of 96 W, introducing a slope efficiency of 35.4%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output power of diode-end-pumped 1.3-μm laser. With the experimental data, the thermal-stress-resistance figure of merit of Nd:GdVO 4 crystal with 0.3 at% Nd 3+ doped level is calculated to be larger than 9.94 W/cm

GdF Suez, the real energy champion;GdF Suez, le vrai champion de l'energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dupin, L.

2010-09-15

During summer 2010, France discovered that she owned a second energy giant, GdF Suez, ranked number two as a power producer just behind EdF, but world number one in the energy domain thanks to the taking over of International Power (UK) in 2010. Until now, GdF Suez and EdF were confronting with each other in a fair game, keeping their respective seizure on their historical monopolies, gas for GdF Suez and electricity for EdF. From now onward the two giants have started an open fight on all markets, with the exception of nuclear energy for which the French government continues to favour EdF. This paper recalls the main steps of the last 15 years of GdF Suez progress, from the Suez investment bank in 1995 to the merger with GdF in 2008 and the acquisition of International Power in 2010. Then it makes a comparative portrait of both GdF Suez and EdF energy groups with their respective advantages and, finally, it ends with an interview of G. Mestrallet, president of GdF Suez who explains the strategy of his group. (J.S.)

Experimental MR imaging with Gd-DOTA: Preliminary results

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schouman-Claeys, E.; Kien, P.; Caille, J.M.; Bonnemain, B.; Frija, G.

1986-01-01

To evaluate the paramagnetic properties of a new gadolinium chelate, Gd-DOTA, in vitro and in vivo MR imaging was performed with a 0.5-T supraconductive magnet. The in vitro study consisted in measuring the MR signal obtained with various concentrations of Gd-DOTA and Gd-DTPA in different solutions. Potentialization of the paramagnetic properties of both DOTA and DTPA can be achieved by deuterium, glycerol, and protein solutions. The in vivo study was performed in rabbits with various experimental lesions. Enhancement of anatomic details was obtained with both Gd-DOTA and Gd-DTPA. There was no significant difference between Gd-DOTA and Gd-DTPA, both for in vitro and in vivo experiments. Gd-DOTA appears to be a potential paramagnetic agent for MR imaging

Study of interference by double neutron capture in activation analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cohen, I.M.; Korob, R.O.; Mila, M.I.; Rocca, H.C.

1976-06-01

The characteristics of the interferences by double capture in activation analysis are studied. Calculations of these interferences are performed, based on the corresponding activation functions, for typical irradiation and decay times. The experiments performed with the pairs Ho-Dy and Pt-Au and their results are commented. (author) [es

Determination of Gd concentration profile in UO{sub 2}–Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} fuel pellets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tobia, D., E-mail: dina.tobia@cab.cnea.gov.ar [Laboratorio de Resonancias Magnéticas, Centro Atómico Bariloche – CNEA and CONICET, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche (Argentina); Winkler, E.L.; Milano, J.; Butera, A. [Laboratorio de Resonancias Magnéticas, Centro Atómico Bariloche – CNEA and CONICET, 8400 S.C. de Bariloche (Argentina); Kempf, R. [División Caracterización de Combustibles Avanzados, Gerencia Ciclo Combustible Nuclear, Centro Atómico Constituyentes – CNEA, 1650 San Martín, Pcia. de Buenos Aires (Argentina); Bianchi, L.; Kaufmann, F. [Departamento de Combustibles Avanzados, Gerencia Ciclo Combustible Nuclear, Centro Atómico Constituyentes – CNEA, 1650 San Martín, Pcia. de Buenos Aires (Argentina)

2014-08-01

A transversal mapping of the Gd concentration was measured in UO{sub 2}–Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} nuclear fuel pellets by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The quantification was made from the comparison with a Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} reference sample. The nominal concentration in the pellets is UO{sub 2}: 7.5% Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. A concentration gradient was found, which indicates that the Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} amount diminishes towards the edges of the pellets. The concentration varies from (9.3 ± 0.5)% in the center to (5.8 ± 0.3)% in one of the edges. The method was found to be particularly suitable for the precise mapping of the distribution of Gd{sup 3+} ions in the UO{sub 2} matrix.

Influence of the size of Gd211 starting powder on the critical current density of Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nariki, S.; Seo, S.J.; Sakai, N.; Murakami, M.

2000-01-01

The relationship between the particle size of Gd211 powder in the precursor and the particle size of Gd211 inclusions in Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk has been investigated. Gd211 starting powders with various diameters were prepared by the calcination of Gd 2 O 3 , BaO 2 and CuO powders at different temperatures between 800 and 1000 deg. C. The particle size of Gd211 in the melt-grown bulk was proportional to the particle size of the initial Gd211 powder. In conclusion, the employment of fine Gd211 powder led to a size reduction of 211 particles in the bulk, while largely enhancing the J c values in low magnetic fields. A large Gd-Ba-Cu-O/Ag bulk sample, 32 mm in diameter, could also be fabricated by the hot-seeding method. The maximum trapped field value revealed 1.5 T at 77 K. (author)

Gd(III)-nanodiamond conjugates for MRI contrast enhancement

Science.gov (United States)

Manus, Lisa M.; Mastarone, Daniel J.; Waters, Emily A.; Zhang, Xue-Qing; Schultz-Sikma, Elise A.; MacRenaris, Keith W.; Ho, Dean

2010-01-01

A Gd(III)-nanodiamond conjugate [Gd(III)-ND] was prepared and characterized, enabling detection of nanodiamonds by MR imaging. The Gd(III)-ND particles significantly reduced the T1 of water protons with a per-Gd(III) relaxivity of 58.82 ± 1.18 mM−1s−1 at 1.5 Tesla (60 MHz). This represents a tenfold increase compared to the monomer Gd(III) complex (r1 = 5.42 ± 0.20 mM−1s−1) and is among the highest per-Gd(III) relaxivities reported. PMID:20038088

Seasonal observations of OH and HO2 in the remote tropical marine boundary layer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Z. L. Fleming

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Field measurements of the hydroxyl radical, OH, are crucial for our understanding of tropospheric chemistry. However, observations of this key atmospheric species in the tropical marine boundary layer, where the warm, humid conditions and high solar irradiance lend themselves favourably to production, are sparse. The Seasonal Oxidant Study at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory in 2009 allowed, for the first time, seasonal measurements of both OH and HO2 in a clean (i.e. low NOx, tropical marine environment. It was found that concentrations of OH and HO2 were typically higher in the summer months (June, September, with maximum daytime concentrations of ~9 × 106 and 4 × 108 molecule cm−3, respectively – almost double the values in winter (late February, early March. HO2 was observed to persist at ~107 molecule cm−3 through the night, but there was no strong evidence of nighttime OH, consistent with previous measurements at the site in 2007. HO2 was shown to have excellent correlations (R2 ~ 0.90 with both the photolysis rate of ozone, J(O1D, and the primary production rate of OH, P(OH, from the reaction of O(1D with water vapour. The analogous relations of OH were not so strong (R2 ~ 0.6, but the coefficients of the linear correlation with J(O1D in this study were close to those yielded from previous works in this region, suggesting that the chemical regimes have similar impacts on the concentration of OH. Analysis of the variance of OH and HO2 across the Seasonal Oxidant Study suggested that ~70% of the total variance could be explained by diurnal behaviour, with ~30% of the total variance being due to changes in air mass.

Magnetic exchange in {Gd(III)-radical} complexes: method assessment, mechanism of coupling and magneto-structural correlations.

Science.gov (United States)

Gupta, Tulika; Rajeshkumar, Thayalan; Rajaraman, Gopalan

2014-07-28

Density functional studies have been performed on ten different {Gd(III)-radical} complexes exhibiting both ferro and antiferromagnetic exchange interaction with an aim to assess a suitable exchange-correlation functional within DFT formalism. This study has also been extended to probe the mechanism of magnetic coupling and to develop suitable magneto-structural correlations for this pair. Our method assessments reveal the following order of increasing accuracy for the evaluation of J values compared to experimental coupling constants: B(40HF)LYP X3LYP < B3LYP < B2PLYP. Grimme's double-hybrid functional is found to be superior compared to other functionals tested and this is followed very closely by the conventional hybrid B3LYP functional. At the basis set front, our calculations reveal that the incorporation of relativistic effect is important in these calculations and the relativistically corrected effective core potential (ECP) basis set is found to yield better Js compared to other methods. The supposedly empty 5d/6s/6p orbitals of Gd(III) are found to play an important role in the mechanism of magnetic coupling and different contributions to the exchange terms are probed using Molecular Orbital (MO) and Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. Magneto-structural correlations for Gd-O distances, Gd-O-N angles and Gd-O-N-C dihedral angles are developed where the bond angles as well as dihedral angle parameters are found to dictate the sign and strength of the magnetic coupling in this series.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behavior: Gd(NO3)3.6H2O to Gd2O3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghonge, Darshana K.; Sheelvantra, Smita S.; Kalekar, Bhupesh B.; Raje, Naina

2015-01-01

Gadolinium oxide finds its application in nuclear as well as medical industry. It has been prepared from the thermal decomposition of gadolinium nitrate hexahydrate. Surface area of the synthesized compound was measured as 19 m 2 /g. EDS data shows only the presence of gadolinium and oxygen in the synthesized compound with the Gd to O ratio as calculated for Gd 2 O 3 , suggests the formation of pure Gd 2 O 3 . XRD analysis confirms the formation of pure cubic phase Gd 2 O 3 . In the absence of any report on the thermal behavior of GdNH, present studies have been carried out to understand the decomposition mechanism using simultaneous TG - DTA - EGA measurements

Synthesis and characterization of Gd-doped magnetite nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Honghu; Malik, Vikash; Mallapragada, Surya; Akinc, Mufit

2017-01-01

Synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles has attracted increasing interest due to their importance in biomedical and technological applications. Tunable magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles to meet specific requirements will greatly expand the spectrum of applications. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to studying and controlling the size, shape and magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles. Here we investigate gadolinium (Gd) doping to influence the growth process as well as magnetic properties of magnetite nanocrystals via a simple co-precipitation method under mild conditions in aqueous media. Gd doping was found to affect the growth process leading to synthesis of controllable particle sizes under the conditions tested (0–10 at% Gd"3"+). Typically, undoped and 5 at% Gd-doped magnetite nanoparticles were found to have crystal sizes of about 18 and 44 nm, respectively, supported by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Our results showed that Gd-doped nanoparticles retained the magnetite crystal structure, with Gd"3"+ randomly incorporated in the crystal lattice, probably in the octahedral sites. The composition of 5 at% Gd-doped magnetite was Fe_(_3_−_x_)Gd_xO_4 (x=0.085±0.002), as determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 5 at% Gd-doped nanoparticles exhibited ferrimagnetic properties with small coercivity (~65 Oe) and slightly decreased magnetization at 260 K in contrast to the undoped, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles. Templation by the bacterial biomineralization protein Mms6 did not appear to affect the growth of the Gd-doped magnetite particles synthesized by this method. - Highlights: • Gd-doped magnetite nanoparticles are synthesized via aqueous co-precipitation method under mild conditions. • Gd doping affects growth of magnetite nanoparticles leading to tunable particle size. • Gd-doped magnetite nanoparticles exhibit ferrimagnetic properties.

Konstrukce vřeten vícevřetenového soustružnického automatu

OpenAIRE

Kráčmar, Tomáš

2016-01-01

Obsahem diplomové práce je konstrukce vřeten vícevřetenového soustružnického automatu pro práci z tyče maximálního průměru 7 mm. Práce se zabývá novou koncepcí pohonu vřeten, kde jsou vřetena poháněna externími asynchronními motory přes ozubená kola s vnitřním ozubením uložená vně vřetenového bubnu namísto současného způsobu pohonu centrálními koaxiálními hřídeli. Součástí práce je rešerše vícevřetenových automatů včetně popisu hlavních uzlů, konstrukční návrh, pevnostní výpočty, výpočty trva...

New perspective for GdNCT. Gd-DTPA reaches the nucleus of glioblastoma cells in culture and in vivo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stasio, G. de; Gilbert, B.; Frazer, B.H.

2000-01-01

We investigated the prospects of gadolinium as a neutron capture therapy agent by combining three independent techniques to study the uptake of Gd-DTPA in vitro, in cultured glioblastoma cells, and in vivo, in the glioblastoma tissue sections after injection of Gd-DTPA and tumor extraction. We show that gadolinium not only penetrates the plasma membrane of glioblastoma cells grown in culture, but we also observe a statistically significant higher concentration of Gd in the nucleus relative to the cytoplasm. For the in vivo experiments, Gd-DTPA was administered to 6 glioblastoma patients before neurosurgery. The extracted bioptic tissue was then analyzed with spectromictroscopy, showing Gd localized in the nuclei of glioblastoma cells in 5 patients out of the 6 analyzed. (author)

Comparison of two brain tumor-localizing MRI agent. GD-BOPTA and GD-DTPA. MRI and ICP study of rat brain tumor model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, T.; Matsumura, A.; Yamamoto, T.; Yoshida, F.; Nose, T.

2000-01-01

In this study, we compared the behavior of Gd-BOPTA as a brain tumor selective contrast agent with Gd-DTPA in a common dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. We performed a MRI study using those two agent as contrast material, and we measured tissue Gd-concentrations by ICP-AES. As a result, Gd-BOPTA showed a better MRI enhancement in brain tumor. ICP showed significantly greater uptake of Gd-BOPTA in tumor samples, at all time course peaked at 5 minutes after administration, Gd being retained for a longer time in brain tumor till 2 hours, without rapid elimination as Gd-DTPA. We conclude that Gd-BOPTA is a new useful contrast material for MR imaging in brain tumor and an effective absorption agent for neutron capture therapy for further research. (author)

Structural and magnetic properties of Gd-doped ZnO

KAUST Repository

Bantounas, Ioannis

2014-01-01

We use density functional theory to investigate structural and magnetic properties of Gd doped ZnO, accounting for the impurity 4f states using the GGA + U method. (i) We calculate the binding energy of forming [Gd-Gd] dimers, [VO - GdZn] and [VZn - GdZn] complexes and find that while the formation of [VZn - GdZn] is favourable, [GdZn - GdZn] and [VO - GdZn] complexes are less likely to form. Next, (ii) we investigate the spacial arrangement of two (and three) GdZn impurities in a 3 × 3 × 2 supercell and find that the magnetic impurities are energetically favourable when occupying distant lattice sites. Finally, we study the nature of interactions between the magnetic impurities (iii) for Gd in nearest-neighbour and non-nearest-neighbour Zn sites, (iv) in the presence of Zn or O vacancies, and (v) with and without additional charge carriers. Our results show mainly paramagnetic behaviour. In a few cases, e.g. magnetic impurities occupying in-plane nearest-neighbour zinc sites with n-type carrier doping, weak ferromagnetic coupling is observed. This magnetic ordering is of the order of a few meV and can be easily destroyed by thermal fluctuations. We thus expect Gd:ZnO to show paramagnetic behaviour at temperatures approaching room temperature.

O vacancy formation in (Pr/Gd)BaCo2O5.5 and the role of antisite defects

KAUST Repository

Omotayo Akande, Salawu

2017-04-20

In search for materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells, (Pr/Gd)BaCo2O5.5 is investigated by first principles calculations. Antisite defects are considered as they may modify the electronic and O diffusion properties but are rarely studied in double perovskite oxides. Octahedrally coordinated Co atoms are shown to realize intermediate and high spin states for PrBaCo2O5.5 and GdBaCo2O5.5, respectively, while pyramidally coordinated Co atoms always have high spin. It turns out that O vacancy formation is significantly easier in PrBaCo2O5.5 than in GdBaCo2O5.5, the difference in formation energy being hardly modified by antisite defects. While pyramidally coordinated Co atoms are not affected, we show that the presence of antisite defects causes parts of the octahedrally coordinated Co atoms to switch from intermediate to high spin.

Investigation of Gd compounds using synchrotron radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tyszka, B.; Szade, J.; Burian, W.; Skorek, G.; Deniszczyk, J.; Sikora, M.; Zajac, D.; Kapusta, Cz.; Matteucci, M.; Bondino, F.; Zacchigna, M.; Zangrando, M.

2005-01-01

The electronic structure of ferromagnetic compound GdTiGe has been investigated using element sensitive methods-X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). Additionally, another ferromagnet GdTiSi has been studied using XMCD. XMCD revealed a strong dichroic signal at Gd L 2 and L 3 edges, which can be related to polarisation of Gd 5d band. XAS at Ti L 2,3 edges has exhibited a structure which appeared to be in general agreement with the LAPW calculations. RIXS spectra have shown some resonance features for photon energies close to Ti L 2 and Gd M 5 edges

Preparation of .sup.166./sup.Ho-Macroaggregates and .sup.166./sup.Ho-Chitosan for the Radiotherapy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kropáček, Martin; Melichar, František; Mirzajevová, Marcela

2002-01-01

Roč. 29, č. 2 (2002), s. 382 ISSN 1619-7070 R&D Projects: GA MZd NM6828; GA AV ČR KSK4055109 Keywords : Holmium-166 * 166 Ho-macroaggregates * 166 Ho-chitosan Subject RIV: BG - Nuclear, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Colliders

Correlating states across isomers in 152Ho isotope

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pramanik, Dibyadyuti; Dey, G.; Sarkar, S.; Bisoi, A.; Ray, S.; Kshetri, R.; Ray, I.; Pradhan, M.K.; Goswami, A.; Banerjee, P.; Mukherjee, A.; Bhattacharya, S.; Saha Sarkar, M.; Chakraborty, A.; Krishichayan; Ganguly, S.; Ray Basu, M.; Ganguly, G.; Raut, R.; Ghugre, S.S.; Sinha, A.K.; Basu, S.K.

2011-01-01

The odd-odd 152 Ho (N = 85) is a very interesting candidate for investigation of interplay of single - particle oblate states and prolate collective states, because it is situated between the N=82 shell closure and the strongly collective N > 87 region. It has been shown that there is a possibility of shape coexistence even at lower spins in 153 Ho. The structural evolution of Ho isotopes from A = 151 to 154 has also been studied. The features observed have been interpreted theoretically using shell model as well as Total Routhian surface calculations. Results have been combined with that for 153 Ho to study the evolution of structural features in these Ho isotopes with increasing neutron numbers and increasing spin. In the present work, experimental data on 152 Ho have been analysed to connect the three groups of transitions and confirm the possibility of a fourth isomer in the excitation spectrum

Magnetism at the V/Gd interface

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mouketo, L; M'Passi-Mabiala, B; Binggeli, N

2010-01-01

Recent experimental investigations into the magnetic properties of V/Gd bilayers have shown that vanadium, which is nonmagnetic in the bulk, can acquire a magnetic moment in such systems. We have performed ab initio pseudopotential calculations to examine the magnetic behavior of V(110)/Gd(0001) bilayers for V layers with thicknesses up to 4 monolayers (ML). We considered both abrupt and atomic intermixed V/Gd interfaces. In both cases, the magnetic moment of the V layer is found to align antiparallel to the moment of the Gd layer, consistent with the experimental observation. However, the magnitude of the V moment at the abrupt interface is considerably smaller than the moments reported experimentally. In the presence of atomic intermixing, instead, substantially larger V moments are found, closer to the experimentally reported moments. On the basis of the calculated atomic and spin resolved density of states, we discuss the possible mechanism responsible for the observed Gd-V antiferromagnetic coupling.

GdF Suez, the real energy champion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dupin, L.

2010-01-01

During summer 2010, France discovered that she owned a second energy giant, GdF Suez, ranked number two as a power producer just behind EdF, but world number one in the energy domain thanks to the taking over of International Power (UK) in 2010. Until now, GdF Suez and EdF were confronting with each other in a fair game, keeping their respective seizure on their historical monopolies, gas for GdF Suez and electricity for EdF. From now onward the two giants have started an open fight on all markets, with the exception of nuclear energy for which the French government continues to favour EdF. This paper recalls the main steps of the last 15 years of GdF Suez progress, from the Suez investment bank in 1995 to the merger with GdF in 2008 and the acquisition of International Power in 2010. Then it makes a comparative portrait of both GdF Suez and EdF energy groups with their respective advantages and, finally, it ends with an interview of G. Mestrallet, president of GdF Suez who explains the strategy of his group. (J.S.)

Apparent molar heat capacities and apparent molar volumes of Pr(ClO4)3(aq), Gd(ClO4)3(aq), Ho(ClO4)3(aq), and Tm(ClO4)3(aq) at T=(288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p=0.1 MPa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hakin, Andrew W.; Lian Liu, Jin; Erickson, Kristy; Munoz, Julie-Vanessa

2004-01-01

Acidified aqueous solutions of Pr(ClO 4 ) 3 (aq), Gd(ClO 4 ) 3 (aq), Ho(ClO 4 ) 3 (aq), and Tm(ClO 4 ) 3 (aq) were prepared from the corresponding oxides by dissolution in dilute perchloric acid. Once characterized with respect to trivalent metal cation and acid content, the relative densities of the solutions were measured at T=(288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p=0.1 MPa using a Sodev O2D vibrating tube densimeter. The relative massic heat capacities of the aqueous systems were also determined, under the same temperature and pressure conditions, using a Picker Flow Microcalorimeter. All measurements were made on solutions containing rare earth salt in the concentration range 0.01 ≤ m/(mol · kg -1 ) ≤ 0.2. Relative densities and relative massic heat capacities were used to calculate the apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities of the acidified salt solutions from which the apparent molar properties of the aqueous salt solutions were extracted by the application of Young's Rule. The concentration dependences of the isothermal apparent molar volumes and heat capacities of each aqueous salt solution were modelled using Pitzer ion-interaction equations. These models produced estimates of apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities at infinite dilution for each set of isothermal V phi,2 and C pphi,2 values. In addition, the temperature and concentration dependences of the apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities of the aqueous rare earth perchlorate salt solutions were modelled using modified Pitzer ion-interaction equations. The latter equations utilized the Helgeson, Kirkham, and Flowers equations of state to model the temperature dependences (at p=0.1 MPa) of apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities at infinite dilution. The results of the latter models were compared to those previously published in the literature. Apparent molar volumes and apparent heat capacities at infinite dilution

Substitution studies of Mn and Fe in Ln{sub 6}W{sub 4}Al{sub 43} (Ln=Gd, Yb) and the structure of Yb{sub 6}Ti{sub 4}Al{sub 43}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Treadwell, LaRico J.; Watkins-Curry, Pilanda [Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (United States); Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (United States); McAlpin, Jacob D. [Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (United States); Prestigiacomo, Joseph; Stadler, Shane [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (United States); Chan, Julia Y., E-mail: Julia.Chan@utdallas.edu [Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 (United States); Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 (United States)

2014-02-15

The synthesis and characterization of Mn- and Fe-substituted Ln{sub 6}W{sub 4}Al{sub 43} (Ln=Gd, Yb) and Yb{sub 6}Ti{sub 4}Al{sub 43} are reported. The compounds adopt the Ho{sub 6}Mo{sub 4}Al{sub 43} structure type with lattice parameters of a∼11 Å and c∼17.8 Å with structural site preferences for Mn and Fe. The magnetization of Yb{sub 6}W{sub 4}Al{sub 43} is sensitive to Mn and Fe doping, which is evident by an increase in the field dependent magnetization. Gd{sub 6}W{sub 4}Al{sub 43}, Gd{sub 6}W{sub 4}Al{sub 42.31(11)}Mn{sub 0.69(11)}, and Gd{sub 6}W{sub 4}Al{sub 41.69(12)}Fe{sub 1.30(12)} order antiferromagnetically in the ab- and c-directions at 15, 14, and 13 K, respectively, with positive Weiss constants, suggesting the presence of ferromagnetic exchange interactions. Anisotropic magnetization data of Gd{sub 6}W{sub 4}Al{sub 43−y}T{sub y} (T=Mn, Fe) analogs are discussed. - Graphical abstract: The magnetic susceptibility of Ln{sub 6}W{sub 4−x}Al{sub 43−y}T{sub x+y} (Ln = Gd, Yb; T= Mn, Fe). Display Omitted - Highlights: • Single crystals of Ln{sub 6}W{sub 4−x}Al{sub 43−y}T{sub x+y} were grown with Al-flux. • Anisotropic magnetic behavior were determined on single crystals. • Gd{sub 6}W{sub 4−x}Al{sub 43−y}T{sub x+y} (T=Mn, Fe) analogs order antiferromagnetically.

Experimental evaluation of contrast-enhanced high-reselution MR angiography in the rabbit. Gd-DTPA versus Gd-DTPA polylysin

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vogl, T.J.; Hoffmann, Y.; Juergens, M.; Weinmann, H.J.; Muehler, A.; Yucel, S.; Felix, R.

1996-01-01

In ten anesthesized rabbits (average weight 4.3 kg) MR angiography was performed using a 1.5 TMR unit (Magnetom SP63; Siemens Erlangen) and a CP head coil. Arterial MRA (FISP 3D TONE, TR/TE=33/8, Flip 20 ) and venous MRA (FLASH 2D, TR/TE=37/10, Flip 60 ) was performed before and after administration of the paramagnetic contrast agents Gd-DTPA (n=5) or Gd-DTPA polylysine (n=5) at a doseage of 0.1 mmol/kg. In all studies the single selections and the MIP reconstructions were evaluated quantitatively by measuring and calculating signal intensity, percentage enhancement, signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios. All studies were assessed qualitatively for visualization and distinction of the arterial and venous vessel system by three independent observers before and after the administration of contrast agent. Results: Gd-DTPA-enhanced arterial FISP 3D tone led to a percentage enhancement of 30% for the kidneys, 12% for the superior mesenteric artery, 18% for the deep circumfluent iliac artery, and 7% for the internal iliac artery. In FLASH 2D sequences Gd-DTPA led to a good C/N only for venous abdominal vessels like the left renal vein (2.59) and internal iliac vein (1.66); the percentage enhancement of these structures was between 16 and 21%. Qualitative comparison also showed no significant improvement after injection of Gd-DTPA. In FISP 3D TONE sequences Gd-DTPA polylysine led to a strong percentlage enhancement of right and left kidney (21 and 40%) and deep circumfluent iliac artery (17%). Qualitative evaluation showed improved delineation and contrast of low-diameter vessels, while the soft tissue was only slightly enhanced and did not impair vessel visualization. Conclusion: CMRA using Gd-DTPA and Gd-DTPA polylysine significantly improved the delineation of abdominal vessels, with Gd-DTPA polylysine being superior. (orig.) [de

Magnetic upconverting fluorescent NaGdF4:Ln3+ and iron-oxide@NaGdF4:Ln3+ nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Shrivastava, Navadeep; Rocha, Uéslen; Muraca, Diego; Jacinto, Carlos; Moreno, Sergio; Vargas, J. M.; Sharma, S. K.

2018-05-01

Microwave assisted solvothermal method has been employed to synthesize multifunctional upconverting β-NaGdF4:Ln3+ and magnetic-upconverting Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3@NaGdF4:Ln3+ (Ln = Yb and Er) nanoparticles. The powder x-ray diffraction data confirms the hexagonal structure of NaGdF4:Ln3+ and high resolution transmission electron microscopy shows the formation of rod shaped NaGdF4:Ln3+ (˜ 20 nm) and ovoid shaped Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3@NaGdF4:Ln3+ (˜ 15 nm) nanoparticles. The magnetic hysteresis at 300 K for β-NaGdF4:Ln3+ demonstrates paramagnetic features, whereas iron-oxide@β-NaGdF4:Ln3+ exhibits superparamagnetic behavior along with a linear component at large applied field due to paramagnetic NaGdF4 matrix. Both nanoparticle samples provide an excellent green emitting [(2H11/2, 4S3/2)→4I15/2 (˜ 540 nm)] upconversion luminescence emission under excitation at 980 nm. The energy migration between Yb and Er in NaGdF4 matrix has been explored from 300-800 nm. Intensity variation of blue, green and red lines and the observed luminescence quenching due to the presence of Fe3O4/γ-Fe2O3 in the composite has been proposed. These kinds of materials contain magnetic and luminescence characteristics into single nanoparticle open new possibility for bioimaging applications.

Lifetime measurement in 144Gd

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jensen, H.J.; Gast, W.; Georgiev, A.; Jaeger, H.M.; Lieder, R.M.; Utzelmann, S.; Gierlik, M.; Morek, T.; Przestrzelska, K.; Rzaca-Urban, T.; Dewald, A.; Kuehn, R.; Meier, C.; Ender, C.; Haertlein, T.

1996-01-01

The lifetime measurements of excited states in 144 Gd were carried out using the Koeln RDM-plunger together with the 2 x 3 CLUSTER detector setup in Heidelberg. The nucleus was populated in the 100 Mo( 48 Ti,4n) 144 Gd reaction at a beam energy of 205 MeV giving a recoil velocity of v/c = 2.6 %. Three and higher fold γ-ray coincidences were measured at 12 target-stopper distances ranged from 0 to 400 μm. Both the dipole and quadrupole bands in 144 Gd have been observed. The analysis is in progress

Optical characteristics of BaGa2S4:Ho3+ and BaGa2Se4:Ho3+ single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choe, Sung-Hyu; Jin, Moon-Seog; Kim, Wha-Tek

2005-01-01

BaGa 2 S 4 , BaGa 2 S 4 :Ho 3+ , BaGa 2 Se 4 , and BaGa 2 Se 4 :Ho 3+ single crystals were grown by using the chemical transport reaction method. The optical energy gaps of the single crystals were investigated in the temperature region from 11 K to 300 K. The temperature dependence of the optical energy gap was well fitted by the Varshni equation. Two broad emission bands were observed in the photoluminescence spectra of the single crystals. These bands were attributed to donor-acceptor pair recombinations. Sharp emission peaks were observed in the BaGa 2 S 4 :Ho 3+ and the BaGa 2 Se 4 :Ho 3+ single crystals and were assigned to radiation recombination between split Stark levels of Ho 3+ .

Ferrimagnetic properties of Co/(Gd-Co) multilayers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Svalov, A.V.; Fernandez, A.; Vas'kovskiy, V.O.; Tejedor, M.; Barandiaran, J.M.; Orue, I.; Kurlyandskaya, G.V.

2006-01-01

Co/(Gd-Co) multilayers have been prepared by rf-sputtering and investigated by means of Transverse Magnetooptic Kerr Effect (TMOKE), SQUID and VSM magnetometry. The composition of amorphous Gd 0.36 Co 0.64 layers was chosen so that their saturation magnetization was dominated by Gd moments in all the temperature range. Co and Gd-Co layers formed a macroscopic ferrimagnetically coupled system displaying a compensation temperature. Complete magnetic moment compensation was found at such point. An inversion of TMOKE hysteresis loops and a divergent behaviour of coercivity were also observed. By changing the layers thickness it has been possible to control the magnetic characteristics of the Co/(Gd-Co) structures, in particular the compensation takes place at different temperatures

An investigation of the Pd-Ag-Ru-Gd quaternary system phase diagram

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Kanghou; Xu Yun

2005-01-01

On the basis of the Ag-Pd-Gd, Ag-Ru-Gd and Pd-Ru-Gd ternary systems, the partial phase diagram of Pd-Ag-Ru-Gd (Gd 3 Gd and Ag 51 Gd 14 ; five two-phase regions: Pd(Ag) + (Ru), Pd(Ag) + Ag 51 Gd 14 (Ru) + Ag 51 Gd 14 , Pd(Ag) + Pd 3 Gd and (Ru) + Pd 3 Gd; three three-phase regions: Pd(Ag) + Pd 3 Gd + (Ru), Pd(Ag) + Ag 51 Gd 14 + (Ru) and (Ru) + Ag 51 Gd 14 + Pd 3 Gd; one four-phase region Pd(Ag) + (Ru) + Ag 51 Gd 14 + Pd 3 Gd. No new quaternary intermetallic phase has been found

Embedding of $^{163}$Ho and $^{166m}$ Ho in the energy absorbers of low temperature metallic magnetic calorimeters

CERN Multimedia

The calorimetric measurement of the $^{163}$Ho electron capture spectrum is a promising tool to investigate the electron neutrino mass. A suitable method to embed the source in the detectors is the ion-implantation. This process has already been used to embed $^{163}$Ho ions in micro-fabricated low temperature metallic magnetic prototypes. The $^{163}$Ho electron capture spectrum obtained with these first prototypes is presently the most precise with an energy resolution of $\\Delta$$\\textit{E}$$_{FWHM}$ = 7.6 eV. In order to test the performance of the new generation of low temperature metallic magnetic calorimeters, we propose to perform a $^{163}$Ho ion-implantation on the new chip having two arrays consisting of 32 pixels each. An activity of about 1 Bq per pixel is required. With this new detector array we will be able to achieve a better energy resolution and to acquire a higher statistics which allows for studying the $^{163}$Ho spectral shape. We propose also to perform an ion-implantation of $^{166m}$...

The electron capture in 163Ho experiment - ECHo

Science.gov (United States)

Gastaldo, L.; Blaum, K.; Chrysalidis, K.; Day Goodacre, T.; Domula, A.; Door, M.; Dorrer, H.; Düllmann, Ch. E.; Eberhardt, K.; Eliseev, S.; Enss, C.; Faessler, A.; Filianin, P.; Fleischmann, A.; Fonnesu, D.; Gamer, L.; Haas, R.; Hassel, C.; Hengstler, D.; Jochum, J.; Johnston, K.; Kebschull, U.; Kempf, S.; Kieck, T.; Köster, U.; Lahiri, S.; Maiti, M.; Mantegazzini, F.; Marsh, B.; Neroutsos, P.; Novikov, Yu. N.; Ranitzsch, P. C. O.; Rothe, S.; Rischka, A.; Saenz, A.; Sander, O.; Schneider, F.; Scholl, S.; Schüssler, R. X.; Schweiger, Ch.; Simkovic, F.; Stora, T.; Szücs, Z.; Türler, A.; Veinhard, M.; Weber, M.; Wegner, M.; Wendt, K.; Zuber, K.

2017-06-01

Neutrinos, and in particular their tiny but non-vanishing masses, can be considered one of the doors towards physics beyond the Standard Model. Precision measurements of the kinematics of weak interactions, in particular of the 3H β-decay and the 163Ho electron capture (EC), represent the only model independent approach to determine the absolute scale of neutrino masses. The electron capture in 163Ho experiment, ECHo, is designed to reach sub-eV sensitivity on the electron neutrino mass by means of the analysis of the calorimetrically measured electron capture spectrum of the nuclide 163Ho. The maximum energy available for this decay, about 2.8 keV, constrains the type of detectors that can be used. Arrays of low temperature metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) are being developed to measure the 163Ho EC spectrum with energy resolution below 3 eV FWHM and with a time resolution below 1 μs. To achieve the sub-eV sensitivity on the electron neutrino mass, together with the detector optimization, the availability of large ultra-pure 163Ho samples, the identification and suppression of background sources as well as the precise parametrization of the 163Ho EC spectrum are of utmost importance. The high-energy resolution 163Ho spectra measured with the first MMC prototypes with ion-implanted 163Ho set the basis for the ECHo experiment. We describe the conceptual design of ECHo and motivate the strategies we have adopted to carry on the present medium scale experiment, ECHo-1K. In this experiment, the use of 1 kBq 163Ho will allow to reach a neutrino mass sensitivity below 10 eV/ c 2. We then discuss how the results being achieved in ECHo-1k will guide the design of the next stage of the ECHo experiment, ECHo-1M, where a source of the order of 1 MBq 163Ho embedded in large MMCs arrays will allow to reach sub-eV sensitivity on the electron neutrino mass.

Magneto-optical study of holmium iron garnet Ho3Fe5O12

Science.gov (United States)

Kalashnikova, A. M.; Pavlov, V. V.; Kimel, A. V.; Kirilyuk, A.; Rasing, Th.; Pisarev, R. V.

2012-09-01

Bulk holmium iron garnet Ho3Fe5O12 is a cubic ferrimagnet with Curie temperature TC = 567 K and magnetization compensation point in the range 130-140 K. The magneto-optical data are presented for a holmium iron garnet Ho3Fe5O12 film, ˜10 μm thick, epitaxially grown on a (111)-type gadolinium-gallium garnet Gd3Ga5O12 substrate. A specific feature of this structure is that the parameters of the bulk material, from which the film was grown, closely match the substrate ones. The temperature and field dependences of Faraday rotation as well as the temperature dependence of the domain structure in zero field were investigated. The compensation point of the structure was found to be Tcomp = 127 K. It was shown that the temperature dependence of the characteristic size of domain structure diverges at this point. Based on the obtained results we established that the magnetic anisotropy of the material is determined by both uniaxial and cubic contributions, each characterized by different temperature dependence. A complex shape of hysteresis loops and sharp changes of the domain pattern with temperature indicate the presence of collinear-noncollinear phase transitions. Study of the optical second harmonic generation was carried out using 100 fs laser pulses with central photon energy E = 1.55 eV. The electric dipole contribution (both crystallographic and magnetic) to the second harmonic generation was observed with high reliability despite a small mismatch of the film and substrate parameters.

Anomalous Hall effect in Fe/Gd bilayers

KAUST Repository

Xu, W. J.; Zhang, Bei; Liu, Z. X.; Wang, Z.; Li, W.; Wu, Z. B.; Yu, R. H.; Zhang, Xixiang

2010-01-01

Non-monotonic dependence of anomalous Hall resistivity on temperature and magnetization, including a sign change, was observed in Fe/Gd bilayers. To understand the intriguing observations, we fabricated the Fe/Gd bilayers and single layers of Fe and Gd simultaneously. The temperature and field dependences of longitudinal resistivity, Hall resistivity and magnetization in these films have also been carefully measured. The analysis of these data reveals that these intriguing features are due to the opposite signs of Hall resistivity/or spin polarization and different Curie temperatures of Fe and Gd single-layer films. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010

Anomalous Hall effect in Fe/Gd bilayers

KAUST Repository

Xu, W. J.

2010-04-01

Non-monotonic dependence of anomalous Hall resistivity on temperature and magnetization, including a sign change, was observed in Fe/Gd bilayers. To understand the intriguing observations, we fabricated the Fe/Gd bilayers and single layers of Fe and Gd simultaneously. The temperature and field dependences of longitudinal resistivity, Hall resistivity and magnetization in these films have also been carefully measured. The analysis of these data reveals that these intriguing features are due to the opposite signs of Hall resistivity/or spin polarization and different Curie temperatures of Fe and Gd single-layer films. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2010

Mechanism of luminescent enhancement in Ba{sub 2}GdNbO{sub 6}:Eu{sup 3+} perovskite by Li{sup +} co-doping

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rezende, Marcos Vinicius dos Santos [Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49500-000, Itabaiana, SE (Brazil); Valério, Mario Ernesto Giroldo [Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE (Brazil); Mouta, Rodolpho; Diniz, Eduardo Moraes [Departamento de Física, CCET, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65085-580 São Luís, MA (Brazil); Paschoal, Carlos William de Araujo, E-mail: paschoal@ufma.br [Departamento de Física, CCET, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65085-580 São Luís, MA (Brazil); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, 94720-1760 Berkeley, CA (United States); Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, 94720-7300 Berkeley, CA (United States)

2015-02-15

We investigated the Li{sup +} ion incorporation in Ba{sub 2}GdNbO{sub 6}:Eu{sup 3+} perovskite by atomistic simulations based on energy minimization. We predicted the most probable sites occupied by Eu{sup 3+} and Li{sup +} ions and the related charge-compensation mechanisms involved into these substitutions. The results show that the Eu{sup 3+} and Li{sup +} ions are incorporated mainly at the Gd{sup 3+} site. In the Li{sup +} ion case, there is a charge compensation by Nb{sub Gd}{sup •} {sup •} antisite. The crystal field parameters and the transition levels for the Eu{sup 3+} ion in the BGN:Eu{sup 3+} were calculated with basis on the simulated local symmetry of the Eu{sup 3+} site. The results show that the mechanism of luminescent properties enhancement is the symmetry distortion induced by the Li{sup +} co-doping. - Highlights: • We performed a full defect calculations in Ba{sub 2}GdNbO{sub 6} double perovskite. • We modeled with excellent agreement the optical transition of Ba{sub 2}GdNbO{sub 6}:Eu{sup 3+} crystal. • We explained the mechanism of luminescent enhancement in Ba{sub 2}GdNbO{sub 6}:Eu{sup 3+} perovskite by Li{sup +} co-doping.

Magnetic state controllable critical temperature in epitaxial Ho/Nb bilayers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yuanzhou Gu

2014-04-01

Full Text Available We study the magnetic properties of Ho thin films with different crystallinity (either epitaxial or non-epitaxial and investigate their proximity effects with Nb thin films. Magnetic measurements show that epitaxial Ho has large anisotropy in two different crystal directions in contrast to non-epitaxial Ho. Transport measurements show that the superconducting transition temperature (Tc of Nb thin films can be significantly suppressed at zero field by epitaxial Ho compared with non-epitaxial Ho. We also demonstrate a direct control over Tc by changing the magnetic states of the epitaxial Ho layer, and attribute the strong proximity effects to exchange interaction.

Holmium laser lithotripsy (HoLL) of ureteral calculi

Science.gov (United States)

Kuntz, Rainer M.; Lehrich, Karin; Fayad, Amr

2001-05-01

The effectiveness and side effects of ureteroscopic HoLL of ureteral stones should be evaluated. In 63 patients (17 female, 46 males) a total of 75 stones of 3-20 mm diameter were treated with ureteroscopic HoLL. 18.7 percent of stones were located in the proximal third, 24.0 percent in the middle third and 57.3 percent in the distal third of the ureter. HoLL was performed with small diameter semirigid and flexible ureteroscopes, 220 or 365 nm flexible laser fibers and a holmium:YAG laser at a power of 5-15 W (0.5-1.0 J, 10- 15 Hz). 47 of 63 patients (74.6 percent) were immediately free of stones, and 8 others (12.6 percent) lost their residual fragments spontaneously within two weeks. Another 2 patients received additional chmolitholysis for uric acid stone fragments, i.e. 90.5 percent of patients were stone free by one sitting of ureterscopic HoLL. Of the remaining 6 patients (9.5 percent) who still had residual calculi 4 weeks after HoLL, 2 asymptomatic patients refused any additional treatment, 2 patients preferred treatment with ESWL, and 2 patients had a successful second HoLL, thereby raising the success rate of ureteroscopic HoLL to 93.7 percent. 2 patients showed contrast medium extravasation on retrograde ureterograms, due to guide wire perforation. No ureteral stricture occurred. In conclusion, transurethral ureteroscopic HoLL proved to be a safe and successful minimal invasive treatment of ureteral calculi.

Phase equilibrium of the Gd-Fe-Co system at 873 K

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Jinli; Zhong Haichang; Xia Xiuwen; He Wei; Zhu Jinming; Deng Jianqiu; Zhuang Yinghong

2009-01-01

Phase equilibrium of the ternary Gd-Fe-Co system at 873 K was investigated by using X-ray diffraction technique, electron probe microanalysis, metallographic analysis and differential thermal analysis. The 873 K isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Gd-Fe-Co ternary system consists of 11 single-phase regions, 16 two-phase regions and 6 three-phase regions. Three pairs of corresponding compounds of Gd-Co and Gd-Fe, i.e., Gd 2 Co 17 and Gd 2 Fe 17 , GdCo 3 and GdFe 3 , GdCo 2 and GdFe 2 , form a continuous series of solid solution. The compound Gd 2 Co 7-x Fe x was found to have a broad solubility range from 0 to 31 at.% Fe. The maximum solubility of Co in Gd 6 Fe 23 is about 7 at.% Co. At 873 K, the maximum solubilities of Fe in Gd 3 Co and Gd 4 Co 3 are about 3 and 1 at.% Fe, respectively. No ternary compound was found in all ternary alloy samples

Effect of Gd substitution on structure and spectroscopic properties of (Lu,Gd)2O3:Eu ceramic scintillator

Science.gov (United States)

Cao, Maoqing; Hu, Zewang; Ivanov, Maxim; Dai, Jiawei; Li, Chaoyu; Kou, Huamin; Shi, Yun; Chen, Haohong; Xu, Jiayue; Pan, Yubai; Li, Jiang

2018-02-01

In this paper, (Lu1-xGdx)2O3:Eu (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) ceramics were consolidated by the solid-state reaction method combined with vacuum sintering without sintering aids. We investigated the effect of the varying contents of Gd2O3 on the structure and spectroscopic properties of (Lu1-xGdx)2O3:Eu ceramics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that proper amount of Gd2O3 can incorporate well with Lu2O3 and form Lu2O3-Gd2O3 solid solution. However, excessive Gd3+-doping in Lu2O3 will lead to the cubic phase transforming into monoclinic even hexagonal phase. The Gd3+ substitution no more than 50% of Lu2O3 enhances the radioluminescence, and reduces the fluorescence lifetime. Transmittance, photoluminescence, and radiation damage of the (Lu1-xGdx)2O3:Eu scintillation ceramics were also studied.

Hyperfine structure in the Gd II spectrum and the nuclear electric quadrupole moment of 157Gd

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clieves, H.P.; Steudel, A.

1979-01-01

The hyperfine structure of 157 Gd was investigated in 20 Gd II lines by means of a photoelectric recording Fabry-Perot interferometer with digital data processing. The hyperfine splitting factors, A and B, were obtained by computer fits to the observed line structures. Using a multiconfigurational set of wave functions in intermediate coupling derived by Wyart, mono-electronic parameters were deduced by a parametric treatment. The nuclear electric quadrupole moment of 157 Gd was evaluated from the quadrupole interaction of the 5d electron in 4f 7 5d6s, the 5d electron in 4f 7 5d6p, and the 6p electron in 4f 7 5d6p. The three values obtained for the quadrupole moment agree very well. The final result, corrected for Sternheimer shielding, is Q( 157 Gd) = 1.34(7) x 10 -24 cm 2 . (orig.) [de

Novostavba rodinného domu

OpenAIRE

Manduch, Dávid

2017-01-01

Jedná sa o samostatne stojaci, dvojpodlažný, nepodpivničený rodinný dom zastrešený plochou vegetačnou strechou v obci Šalgovce. Súčasťou rodinného domu sú dve drevené terasy. Vstupná terasa sa nachádza pred hlavným vstupom do objektu a terasa pre relax je prístupná z obytnej miestnosti s kuchynským kútom. Z tejto terasy je priamy prístup do záhrady. Hlavný stavebný materiál rodinného domu sú stenové panely EcoCocon - kombinácia dreveného rámu a slamenej výplne Garáž je samostatne stojaci jedn...

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) protects skin cells from ionizing radiation via heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) overexpression

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Wei; Xu Jing; Ge Yangyang

2014-01-01

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic constituent of green tea, is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger that may have therapeutic applications for the treatment of many disorders. Radiation therapy is widely used for the treatment of various types of cancers; however, radiation-induced skin injury remains a serious concern. EGCG has not yet been reported as protecting skin cells against ionizing radiation. In the present study, we investigated whether EGCG confers cytoprotection against ionizing radiation. We found that, compared with the control, pretreatment with EGCG significantly enhanced the viability of human skin cells that were irradiated with X-rays, and decreased apoptosis induced by X-ray irradiation. Mito-Tracker assay showed that EGCG suppressed the damage to mitochondria induced by ionizing radiation via upregulation of SOD2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT cells were significantly reduced when pretreated with EGCG before irradiation. Radiation-induced γH2AX foci, which are representative of DNA double-strand breaks, were decreased by pretreatment with EGCG. Furthermore, EGCG induced the expression of the cytoprotective molecule heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in a dose-dependent manner via transcriptional activation. HO-1 knockdown or treatment with the HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPPIX) reversed the protective role of EGCG, indicating an important role for HO-1. These results suggest that EGCG offers a new strategy for protecting skin against ionizing radiation. (author)

Gd-doped GaN studied with element specificity: Very small polarization of Ga, paramagnetism of Gd and the formation of magnetic clusters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ney, A., E-mail: ney@maglomat.d [Fachbereich Physik and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, D-47057 Duisburg (Germany); Kammermeier, T.; Ollefs, K.; Ney, V.; Ye, S. [Fachbereich Physik and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, D-47057 Duisburg (Germany); Dhar, S. [Fachbereich Physik and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), Universitaet Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, D-47057 Duisburg (Germany); Paul-Drude-Institut fuer Festkoerperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin (Germany); Ploog, K.H. [Paul-Drude-Institut fuer Festkoerperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin (Germany); Roever, M.; Malindretos, J.; Rizzi, A. [IV. Physikalisches Institut and Virtual Institute of Spinelectronics (VISel), Georg August Universitaet Goettingen, D-37077 Goettingen (Germany); Wilhelm, F.; Rogalev, A. [European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex (France)

2010-05-15

Element specific X-ray linear dichroism (XLD), X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Ga K- and Ga and Gd L{sub 3}-edges and magnetic resonance measurements have been carried out on Gd:GaN grown by molecular beam epitaxy with different Gd concentrations. XMCD studies at the Ga K-edge reveal only a very weak magnetic polarization, which is too small to account for the colossal moments reported before by SQUID. In the dilute limit we can show by XLD that the majority of the Gd dopant atoms go to substitutional Ga sites. XMCD studies demonstrate that the Gd sublattice behaves paramagnetic which is in contrast to integral SQUID measurements. The absence of ferromagnetic order at room temperature is corroborated by magnetic resonance studies. First signatures of phase separation are visible. At higher Gd concentrations phase separation is found by XLD. In such samples ferromagnetic-like order is consistently found by SQUID, XMCD and magnetic resonance which is characteristic for a blocked superparamagnetic ensemble. In turn, phase separated ferromagnetic Gd/GdN clusters cannot account for magnetic order observed at and above 300 K by SQUID.

Test of E1-radiative strength function and level density models by 155 Gd (n,2γ) 156 Gd reaction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Voinov, A.V.

1996-01-01

The information about the level density of 156 Gd nucleus and strength functions of γ transitions extracted from two γ-cascade spectra of the 155 Gd (n,2γ) 156 Gd reaction is analyzed. The method of statistical simulation of γ-cascade intensity is applied for calculation of the main parameters of experimental spectra. The method is used to extract the information on the E1-radiative strength function of γ transitions and level density in the 156 Gd nucleus. It is shown that at an excitation energy above 3 MeV the level density of 156 Gd nucleus must decrease in comparison with that calculated within the Fermi gas model. Its is concluded that possible explanation of the observed effect is connected with the influence of pairing correlations on the level density in nuclei

Localization and screening in GdNi alloy films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, N.; Dowben, P.A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Theodore Jorgenson Hall, 855 North 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299 (United States); LaGraffe, D. [Office of Proliferation Detection NA-22, National Nuclear Security Administration, US Department of Energy, 1000 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20585 (United States); Yakovkin, I.N. [National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Institute of Physics, Prospect Nauki 46, 03028 Kiev (Ukraine)

2011-05-15

Gd/Ni compounds with different Gd concentration have been investigated with constant initial state spectroscopy (CIS) of photoemission utilizing the light of synchrotron radiation. The photoemission cross-sections of Gd 5d and 4f states show a strong resonance in CIS spectra at the Gd 5p absorption edge. The screenings of Gd ions by Ni 3d conduction electrons results in a dramatic suppression of the 5p{sup 6}4f{sup 7}5d{sup 1}6s{sup 2} to 5p{sup 5}4f{sup 7}5d{sup 2}6s{sup 2} resonant enhancement of photoemission valence band intensities. This decrease in the super-Coster-Kronig photoemission resonant enhancement of the valence band can be related to the hybridized Gd 5d and Ni 3d bands near the Fermi level, consistent with performed first-principles calculations of local densities of states. (Copyright copyright 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Investigation of nanocrystalline Gd films loaded with hydrogen

KAUST Repository

Hruška, Petr; Čí žek, Jakub; Dobroň, Patrik; Anwand, Wolfgang; Mü cklich, Arndt; Gemma, Ryota; Wagner, Stefan; Uchida, Helmut; Pundt, Astrid

2015-01-01

The present work reports on microstructure studies of hydrogen-loaded nanocrystalline Gd films prepared by cold cathode beam sputtering on sapphire (112¯0) substrates. The Gd films were electrochemically step-by-step charged with hydrogen and the structural development with increasing concentration of absorbed hydrogen was studied by transmission electron microscopy and in-situ   X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. The relaxation of hydrogen-induced stresses was examined by acoustic emission measurements. In the low concentration range absorbed hydrogen occupies preferentially vacancy-like defects at GBs typical for nanocrystalline films. With increasing hydrogen concentration hydrogen starts to occupy interstitial sites. At the solid solution limit the grains gradually transform into the ββ-phase (GdH2). Finally at high hydrogen concentrations xH>2.0xH>2.0 H/Gd, the film structure becomes almost completely amorphous. Contrary to bulk Gd specimens, the formation of the γγ-phase (GdH3) was not observed in this work.

Neutron scattering study on R2PdSi3 (R=Ho,Er,Tm) compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang, Fei

2010-01-01

Previous studies on the family of inter-metallic rare-earth compounds R 2 PdSi 3 revealed multifaceted magnetic properties, for instance, spin-glass like behavior. Experimental observations include: Signs of a crystallographic superstructure, complicated magnetic structures both in zero field and in applied magnetic fields as well as a generic phase in applied fields for compounds in the series with the heavy rare-earths R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm. This thesis expands the studies on the magnetic properties of R 2 PdSi 3 employing mainly neutron scattering on single crystals with the focus on the compounds with R=Ho, Er and Tm. A detailed analysis of the crystallographic superstructure using modulation wave approach and group theory is presented. The resulting structure implies the existence of two different rare-earth sites with reduced symmetry and an arrangement of the different sites according to sequences as determined by the superstructure. It is shown that the reduced symmetry of the rare-earth sites is explicitly observed in the energy spectra of inelastic neutron scattering. The results on the magnetic structures and excitations are shown and discussed in the framework of the superstructure model. Specifically the generic phase in applied fields is interpreted as a direct consequence of the crystallographic superstructure. It is rather unusual that a crystallographic superstructure is playing such a decisive, and through the field dependence also tunable role in determining the magnetic properties as observed in R 2 PdSi 3 . The mediating interactions between the crystallographic part and the magnetic part of the system are discussed. (orig.)

Radiation damage in CaF2: Gd

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prado, L.

1979-01-01

Calcium fluoride crystals doped with Gd 3+ at four different concentrations were irradiated at room temperature. The damage produced by radiation and the primary and secondary effects as well were studied by optical spectroscopy. The increase in optical absorption (with loss of transparency) varied from sample as a function of concentration and dose. The coloration curves showed an evolution from two to three radiation damage steps when going from a pure to the most Gd 3+ concentrated sample. The obtained spectra were analysed at characteristic wave lenghts of electronic defects (photochromic centers, F and its aggregates) and of Gd 3+ and Gd 2+ defects. As a result of the radiation damage the valence change (Gd 3+ →Gd 2+ ) and its reversible character under thermal activation were directly observed. These effects were correlated with other observed effects such as the room temperature luminescence after the irradiation ceased. The non radiative F centers formation from the interaction of holes and photochromic centers was also observed and analysed. A thermal activation study of the several defects responsible for the different absorption bands was made. Values of activation energies were obtained as expected for the kind of defects involved in these processes [pt

94 β-Decay Half-Lives of Neutron-Rich _{55}Cs to _{67}Ho: Experimental Feedback and Evaluation of the r-Process Rare-Earth Peak Formation.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, J; Nishimura, S; Lorusso, G; Möller, P; Ideguchi, E; Regan, P-H; Simpson, G S; Söderström, P-A; Walker, P M; Watanabe, H; Xu, Z Y; Baba, H; Browne, F; Daido, R; Doornenbal, P; Fang, Y F; Gey, G; Isobe, T; Lee, P S; Liu, J J; Li, Z; Korkulu, Z; Patel, Z; Phong, V; Rice, S; Sakurai, H; Sinclair, L; Sumikama, T; Tanaka, M; Yagi, A; Ye, Y L; Yokoyama, R; Zhang, G X; Alharbi, T; Aoi, N; Bello Garrote, F L; Benzoni, G; Bruce, A M; Carroll, R J; Chae, K Y; Dombradi, Z; Estrade, A; Gottardo, A; Griffin, C J; Kanaoka, H; Kojouharov, I; Kondev, F G; Kubono, S; Kurz, N; Kuti, I; Lalkovski, S; Lane, G J; Lee, E J; Lokotko, T; Lotay, G; Moon, C-B; Nishibata, H; Nishizuka, I; Nita, C R; Odahara, A; Podolyák, Zs; Roberts, O J; Schaffner, H; Shand, C; Taprogge, J; Terashima, S; Vajta, Z; Yoshida, S

2017-02-17

The β-decay half-lives of 94 neutron-rich nuclei ^{144-151}Cs, ^{146-154}Ba, ^{148-156}La, ^{150-158}Ce, ^{153-160}Pr, ^{156-162}Nd, ^{159-163}Pm, ^{160-166}Sm, ^{161-168}Eu, ^{165-170}Gd, ^{166-172}Tb, ^{169-173}Dy, ^{172-175}Ho, and two isomeric states ^{174m}Er, ^{172m}Dy were measured at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory, providing a new experimental basis to test theoretical models. Strikingly large drops of β-decay half-lives are observed at neutron-number N=97 for _{58}Ce, _{59}Pr, _{60}Nd, and _{62}Sm, and N=105 for _{63}Eu, _{64}Gd, _{65}Tb, and _{66}Dy. Features in the data mirror the interplay between pairing effects and microscopic structure. r-process network calculations performed for a range of mass models and astrophysical conditions show that the 57 half-lives measured for the first time play an important role in shaping the abundance pattern of rare-earth elements in the solar system.

Magnetic ordering of GdMn2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ouladdiaf, B.; Ritter, C.; Ballou, R.; Deportes, J.

1999-01-01

Complete text of publication follows. GdMn 2 crystallizes in the C15 cubic Laves phase structure. Within this structure Mn atoms lie at the vertices of regular tetrahedra stacked in the diamond arrangement connected by sharing vertices, leading to a strong geometric frustration. An antiferromagnetic magnetic order sets in below T N ∼ 105 K. It gives rise to a large magnetovolume effect (ΔV/V ∼ 1%). Thermal expansion data show two anomalies at 105 K and 35 K. The second anomaly was often interpreted as the ferromagnetic ordering of Gd sublattice. Moessbauer data indicate however, that Gd sublattice orders at T N ∼ 105 K as the Mn moments. Elastic neutron scattering measurements were performed using short wavelength neutron beam (λ = 0.5 A) on D9 at ILL. No magnetic contribution to the nuclear peaks was found excluding thereby any K = [0 0 0] component. However antiferromagnetic peaks indexed by a propagation vector [2/3 2/3 0] were observed leading to a non collinear magnetic arrangement of both Mn and Gd sublattices. The results are discussed by invoking the geometric frustration associated with the Mn atomic packing and the singlet state of the Gd ions. (author)

Ho:YLF & Ho:LuLF slab amplifier system delivering 200 mJ, 2 µm single-frequency pulses

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Strauss, HJ

2011-07-01

Full Text Available A single-frequency single-pass amplifier based on Ho:YLF and Ho:LuLF in a scalable slab architecture delivering up to 210 mJ at 2064 nm is demonstrated. The amplifier was end-pumped by a 1890 nm Tm:YLF slab laser and was seeded with a 69 mJ single...

Model elektronického obchodu pro služby

OpenAIRE

Zechmeisterová, Věra

2009-01-01

Obsahem práce je vytvoření modelu informačního zabezpečení služeb autoopravny a vytvoření odpovídajícího systémového řešení elektronického obchodování této autoopravny. The content of this Master thesis is the creation of the car repair shop services informational security model and also the creation of commensurate e-commerce system solution for this car repair shop. A

The quantitative analysis of 163Ho source by PIXE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sera, K.; Ishii, K.; Fujioka, M.; Izawa, G.; Omori, T.

1984-01-01

We have been studying the electron-capture in 163 Ho as a method for determining the mass of electron neutrino. The 163 Ho sources were produced with the 164 Dy(p,2n) reaction by means of a method of internal irradiation 2 ). We applied the PIXE method to determine the total number of 163 Ho atoms in the source. Proton beams of 3 MeV and a method of ''external standard'' were employed for nondestructive analysis of the 163 Ho source as well as an additional method of ''internal standard''. (author)

Strongly coupled band in 140Gd

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Falla-Sotelo, F.; Oliveira, J.R.B.; Rao, M.N.

2005-01-01

Several high-K states are known to exist in the mass 130-140 region. For the N=74 even-even isotopes, Kπ = 8 - isomers, with lifetimes ranging from ns to ms, are known in 128 Xe, 130 Ba, 132 Ce, 134 Nd, 136 Sm, and 138 Gd[. In 140 Gd, we have observed for the first time a band also based on an Iπ = 8 - state. This could be the first case of a Kπ = 8 - state observed in an N=76 even-even isotope. The systematics of the Kπ = 8 - isomeric states in N=74 isotopes has been studied by A.M. Bruce et al. These states decay towards the K = 0 ground state band, and the transitions are K-forbidden. The 140 Gd case presents strong similarities but also some significant differences with relation to the N=74 isotopes. We propose the same configuration but with larger deformation in 140 Gd

Novel Gd nanoparticles enhance vascular contrast for high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tot Bui

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Gadolinium (Gd, with its 7 unpaired electrons in 4f orbitals that provide a very large magnetic moment, is proven to be among the best agents for contrast enhanced MRI. Unfortunately, the most potent MR contrast agent based on Gd requires relatively high doses of Gd. The Gd-chelated to diethylene-triamine-penta-acetic acid (DTPA, or other derivatives (at 0.1 mmole/kg recommended dose, distribute broadly into tissues and clear through the kidney. These contrast agents carry the risk of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF, particularly in kidney impaired subjects. Thus, Gd contrast agents that produce higher resolution images using a much lower Gd dose could address both imaging sensitivity and Gd safety.To determine whether a biocompatible lipid nanoparticle with surface bound Gd can improve MRI contrast sensitivity, we constructed Gd-lipid nanoparticles (Gd-LNP containing lipid bound DTPA and Gd. The Gd-LNP were intravenously administered to rats and MR images collected. We found that Gd in Gd-LNP produced a greater than 33-fold higher longitudinal (T(1 relaxivity, r(1, constant than the current FDA approved Gd-chelated contrast agents. Intravenous administration of these Gd-LNP at only 3% of the recommended clinical Gd dose produced MRI signal-to-noise ratios of greater than 300 in all vasculatures. Unlike current Gd contrast agents, these Gd-LNP stably retained Gd in normal vasculature, and are eliminated predominately through the biliary, instead of the renal system. Gd-LNP did not appear to accumulate in the liver or kidney, and was eliminated completely within 24 hrs.The novel Gd-nanoparticles provide high quality contrast enhanced vascular MRI at 97% reduced dose of Gd and do not rely on renal clearance. This new agent is likely to be suitable for patients exhibiting varying degrees of renal impairment. The simple and adaptive nanoparticle design could accommodate ligand or receptor coating for drug delivery optimization and in vivo drug

GD 358 - the demise of rotational splitting?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hill, J.A.

1987-01-01

Observations of GD 358 were obtained at the McDonald Observatory in 1982 and 1985 in order to determine its periods, stability, and rates of period change. The period structure could not be resolved, and the results indicate that GD 358 does not fit the rotational splitting model. It is suggested that if the changes in the amplitude spectra of GD 358 are due to beating of stable modes, then the number of modes must be large. 7 references

Magnetic, electrical and structural properties of the Re-doped ruthenocuprate Ru1−xRexSr2GdCu2Oy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corredor, L.T.; Albino Aguiar, J.; Landínez Téllez, D.A.; Pureur, P.; Mesquita, F.; Roa-Rojas, J.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • We investigated the effect of the dilution of magnetic Ru sub-lattice of RuSr 2 GdCu 2 O 8 . • We synthesized the doped compound Rui x Re x Sr 2 GdCu 2 O y , for 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% Re. • Re would affect the electron coupling: just 3 and 6% samples were superconductor. • Superconductivity emergence strongly affects magnetic properties of 3 and 6% samples. • A weak ferromagnetic component is consistent with a globally antiferromagnetic system. - Abstract: Despite the discovery of new superconductors classes, high-Tc oxides continue to be a current topic, because of their complex phase diagrams and doping-dependant effects (allowing one to investigate the interaction between orbitals), as well as structural properties such as lattice distortion and charge ordering, among many others. Ruthenocuprates are magnetic superconductors in which the magnetic transition temperature is much higher than the critical superconducting temperature, making them unique compounds. With the aim of investigating the dilution of the magnetic Ru sub-lattice, we proposed the synthesis of the Ru 1−x Re x Sr 2 GdCu 2 O y ruthenocuprate-type family, adapting the known two-step process (double perovskite + CuO) by directly doping the double perovskite, thus obtaining the perovskite compound Sr 2 GdRu 1−x Re x O y , which represents a new synthesis process to the best of our knowledge. Our samples were structurally characterized through X-ray diffraction, and the patterns were analysed via Rietveld refinement. A complete magnetic characterization as a function of temperature and applied field, as well as transport measurements were carried out. We discuss our results in the light of the two-lattice model for ruthenocuprates, and a relation between RuO 2 (magnetic) and CuO 2 (superconductor) sub-lattices can clearly be observed

Heterogeneous Uptake of HO2 Radicals onto Atmospheric Aerosols

Science.gov (United States)

George, I. J.; Matthews, P. S.; Brooks, B.; Goddard, A.; Whalley, L. K.; Baeza-Romero, M. T.; Heard, D. E.

2011-12-01

The hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxyl (HO2) radicals, together known as HOx, play a vital role in atmospheric chemistry by controlling the oxidative capacity of the troposphere. The atmospheric lifetime and concentrations of many trace reactive species, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are determined by HOx radical levels. Therefore, the ability to accurately predict atmospheric HOx concentrations from a detailed knowledge of their sources and sinks is a very useful diagnostic tool to assess our current understanding of atmospheric chemistry. Several recent field studies have observed significantly lower concentrations of HO2 radicals than predicted using box models, where HO2 loss onto aerosols was suggested as a possible missing sink [1, 2]. However, the mechanism on HO2 uptake onto aerosols and its impact on ambient HOx levels are currently not well understood. To improve our understanding of this process, we have conducted laboratory experiments to measure HO2 uptake coefficients onto submicron aerosol particles. The FAGE (Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion) technique, a highly sensitive laser induced fluorescence based detection method, was used to monitor HO2 uptake kinetics onto aerosol particles in an aerosol flow tube. The application of the FAGE technique allowed for kinetic experiments to be performed under low HO2 concentrations, i.e. [HO2] atomizing dilute salt solutions or by homogeneous nucleation. HO2 uptake coefficients (γ) have been measured for single-component solid and aqueous inorganic salt and organic aerosol particles with a wide range of hygroscopicities. HO2 uptake coefficients on solid particles were below the detection limit (γ < 0.001), whereas on aqueous aerosols uptake coefficients were somewhat larger (γ = 0.001 - 0.008). HO2 uptake coefficients were highest on aerosols containing metal ions, such as Cu and Fe. Humidity and aerosol pH did not significantly impact the reactive HO2 uptake. Preliminary experiments have also

Hyperfine fields at some 4d, 5d and 4f impurities in ferromagnetic GdZn and GdCd

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kasamatsu, Y.; Kojima, K.; Hihara, T.

1995-01-01

Hyperfine (hf) fields at 4d (Y, Nb, Rh, Pd), 5d (Lu, Ta, Ir) and 4f (La, Nd, Sm, Eu) impurities in ferromagnetic GdZn and GdCd have been measured by NMR at 4.2 K. The local moment contributions to the hf field suggest that the impurity moments at the beginning and end of the d series are parallel and antiparallel to Gd moments, respectively. The hf results for 4f impurities are also discussed. ((orig.))

EGR-1 regulates Ho-1 expression induced by cigarette smoke

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, Huaqun; Wang, Lijuan; Gong, Tao; Yu, Yang; Zhu, Chunhua; Li, Fen; Wang, Li; Li, Chaojun

2010-01-01

As an anti-oxidant molecule, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been implicated in the protection of lung injury by cigarette smoke (CS). The mechanisms regulating its expression have not been defined. In this report, the role of early growth response 1 (EGR-1) in the regulation of Ho-1 expression was investigated. In C57BL/6 mice with CS exposure, HO-1 was greatly increased in bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar inflammatory cells. In primary cultured mouse lung fibroblasts and RAW264.7 cells exposed to cigarette smoke water extract (CSE), an increase in HO-1 protein level was detected. In addition, CSE induced HO-1 expression was decreased in Egr-1 deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (Egr-1 -/- MEFs). Nuclear localization of EGR-1 was examined in mouse lung fibroblasts after exposure to CSE. Luciferase reporter activity assays showed that the enhancer region of the Ho-1 gene containing a proposed EGR-1 binding site was responsible for the induction of HO-1. A higher increase of alveolar mean linear intercept (Lm) was observed in lung tissues, and a larger increase in the number of total cells and monocytes/macrophages from bronchial alveolar lavage fluid was found in CS-exposed mice by loss of function of EGR-1 treatment. In summary, the present data demonstrate that EGR-1 plays a critical role in HO-1 production induced by CS.

166Ho-chitosan as a radiation synovectomy agent - biocompatibility study of 166Ho-chitosan in rabbits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Sug Jun; Lee, Soo Yong; Jeon, Dae Geun; Lee Jong Seok

1997-01-01

Radiation synovectomy is a noninvasive therapy that has been investigated as an alternative to surgical synovectomy. It is been successfully employed in the treatment of synovitis in rheumatoid arthrits and other inflammatory arthropathies. We developed the 166 Ho-chitosan complex for possible use as a radiation synovectomy agent. Holmium is the more practical isotope based on its higher radioactivity and logner half-life. And isotope based on its higher radioactivity and logner half-life. And chitosan is ideal and suitable particles based on its soluble and biodegradable characteristics. So we investigated the biocompatibility of the 166 Ho-chitosan complex to evaluated the suitability as a radiation synovectomy agent. In this study, we performed in vivo and in vitro stability test and biodistribution test. Our results indicate that 166 Ho-chitosan may be an effective radiopharmaceutical for radiation synovectomy. (author). 30 refs., 7 tabs

Synthesis, crystal structure, and physical properties of the Gd{sub 3}BiO{sub 3} and Gd{sub 8}Bi{sub 3}O{sub 8} phases

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forbes, Scott; Yuan, Fang [Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1 (Canada); Kosuda, Kosuke; Kolodiazhnyi, Taras [Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 (Japan); Mozharivskyj, Yurij, E-mail: mozhar@mcmaster.ca [Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1 (Canada)

2016-01-15

The second and third known rare-earth bismuthide oxides, Gd{sub 3}BiO{sub 3} and Gd{sub 8}Bi{sub 3}O{sub 8}, have been discovered via high temperature reactions at 1300 °C. Like its Gd–Sb–O counterparts, the Gd{sub 3}BiO{sub 3} and Gd{sub 8}Bi{sub 3}O{sub 8} phases crystallize in the monoclinic C2/m space group, with the latter containing disordered Bi atoms along the b direction of the unit cell. Unlike the RE{sub 8}Sb{sub 3}O{sub 8} series, the formation of the Gd{sub 3}BiO{sub 3} phase does not necessarily precede the formation of Gd{sub 8}Bi{sub 3}O{sub 8}, which is likely due to the difficulty of accommodating bismuth in the RE–O framework due to its larger size. Physical property measurements performed on a pure Gd{sub 8}Bi{sub 3}O{sub 8} sample reveal semiconducting behavior. Although electronic structure calculations predict metallic behavior due to an unbalanced electron count, the semiconducting behavior originates from the Anderson localization of the Bi p states near the Fermi level as a result of atomic disorder. - Graphical abstract: Reaction of GdBi and Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} at high temperatures yields Gd–Bi–O phases. - Highlights: • Gd{sub 3}BiO{sub 3} and Gd{sub 8}Bi{sub 3}O{sub 8}, the second and third rare-earth bismuthide oxides, have been discovered. • Gd{sub 3}BiO{sub 3} and Gd{sub 8}Bi{sub 3}O{sub 8} are isostructural with RE{sub 3}SbO{sub 3} and RE{sub 8}Sb{sub 3}O{sub 8}. • Gd{sub 8}Bi{sub 3}O{sub 8} displays semiconducting behavior despite an unbalanced electron count. • Anderson localization of Bi p states results in semiconducting behavior in Gd{sub 8}Bi{sub 3}O{sub 8}.

Slaďování pracovního a osobního života pracovníků

OpenAIRE

Šauerová, Martina

2017-01-01

Diplomová práce se zabývá tématem slaďování pracovního a osobního života ve vybrané společnosti. Práce je rozdělena do tří části – na teoretickou, analytickou a závěrečnou část. Teoretická část vysvětluje atraktivitu a důležitost tohoto tématu, popisuje jednotlivé nástroje umožňující slazení profesního a osobního života a zároveň poukazuje na možné komplikace jednotlivých přístupů, a to jak z pohledu zaměstnavatele, tak i zaměstnance. Analytická část zkoumá a následně vyhodnocuje současný sta...

Search for neutrinoless double-electron capture of 156Dy

Science.gov (United States)

Finch, S. W.; Tornow, W.

2015-12-01

Background: Multiple large collaborations are currently searching for neutrinoless double-β decay, with the ultimate goal of differentiating the Majorana-Dirac nature of the neutrino. Purpose: Investigate the feasibility of resonant neutrinoless double-electron capture, an experimental alternative to neutrinoless double-β decay. Method: Two clover germanium detectors were operated underground in coincidence to search for the de-excitation γ rays of 156Gd following the neutrinoless double-electron capture of 156Dy. 231.95 d of data were collected at the Kimballton underground research facility with a 231.57 mg enriched 156Dy sample. Results: No counts were seen above background and half-life limits are set at O (1016-1018) yr for the various decay modes of 156Dy. Conclusion: Low background spectra were efficiently collected in the search for neutrinoless double-electron capture of 156Dy, although the low natural abundance and associated lack of large quantities of enriched samples hinders the experimental reach.

Experimental and theoretical study of pure and doped crystals: Gd2O2S, Gd2O2S:Eu3+ and Gd2O2S:Tb3+

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Fei; Chen, Xiumin; Liu, Dachun; Yang, Bin; Dai, Yongnian

2012-08-01

Quantum chemistry and experimental method were used to study on pure and doped Gd2O2S crystals in this paper. The band structure and DOS diagrams of pure and doped Gd2O2S crystals which calculated by using DFT (Density Functional Theory) method were illustrated to explain the luminescent properties of impurities in crystals. The calculations of the crystal structure were finished by using the program of CASTEP (Cambridge Sequential Total Energy Package). The samples showed the characteristic emissions of Tb3+ ions with 5D4-7FJ transitions and Eu3+ ions with 5D0-7FJ transitions which emit pure green luminescence and red luminescence respectively. The experimental excitation spectra of Tb3+ and Eu3+ doped Gd2O2S are in agreement of the DOS diagrams over the explored energy range, which has allowed a better understanding of different luminescence mechanisms of Tb3+ and Eu3+ in Gd2O2S crystals.

Apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities of Pr(NO3)3(aq), Gd(NO3)3(aq), Ho(NO3)3(aq), and Y(NO3)3(aq) at T (288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p = 0.1 MPa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hakin, Andrew W.; Liu Jinlian; Erickson, Kristy; Munoz, Julie-Vanessa; Rard, Joseph A.

2005-01-01

Relative densities and relative massic heat capacities have been measured for acidified solutions of Y(NO 3 ) 3 (aq), Pr(NO 3 ) 3 (aq), and Gd(NO 3 ) 3 (aq) at T = (288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p = 0.1 MPa. In addition, relative densities and massic heat capacities have been measured at the same temperatures and pressure for Y(NO 3 ) 3 (aq) and Ho(NO 3 ) 3 (aq) solutions without excess acid (n.b. measurements at T = 328.15 K for Ho(NO 3 ) 3 (aq) were not performed due to the limited volume of solution available). Apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities for the aqueous salt solutions have been calculated from the experimental apparent molar properties of the acidified solutions using Young's rule, whereas the apparent molar properties of the solutions without excess acid were calculated directly from the measured densities and massic heat capacities. The two sets of data for the Y(NO 3 ) 3 (aq) systems provide a check of the internal consistency of the Young's rule approach we have utilised. The concentration dependences of the apparent molar volumes and heat capacities of the aqueous salt solutions have been modelled at each investigated temperature using the Pitzer ion interaction equations to yield apparent molar properties at infinite dilution. Complex formation within the aqueous rare earth nitrate systems is discussed qualitatively by probing the concentration dependence of apparent molar volumes and heat capacities. In spite of the complex formation in the aqueous rare earth nitrate systems, there is a high degree of self-consistency between the apparent molar volumes and heat capacities at infinite dilution reported in this manuscript and those previously reported for aqueous rare earth perchlorates

Dynamics of the lattice and spins in the phase-separated manganite (Eu{sub 1−x}Gd{sub x}){sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}MnO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taniguchi, Haruka, E-mail: tanig@iwate-u.ac.jp [Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551 (Japan); Kimura, Daichi; Matsukawa, Michiaki; Inomata, Tasuku; Kobayashi, Satoru [Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551 (Japan); Nimori, Shigeki [National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047 (Japan); Suryanarayanan, Ramanathaan [Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Etat Solide, CNRS, UMR8182, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay (France)

2017-06-15

We investigated slow relaxations of the magnetostriction and residual magnetostriction of the phase-separated system (Eu{sub 1−x}Gd{sub x}){sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}MnO{sub 3}, in which the metamagnetic transition from a paramagnetic insulating state to a ferromagnetic metallic state is accompanied by a lattice shrinkage. The relaxations are well fitted by a stretched exponential function, suggesting the strong frustration between the double exchange interaction and Jahn-Teller effect. We have revealed that the Gd substitution suppresses the frozen phase-separated phase at low temperatures and stabilizes the paramagnetic insulating state in the dynamic phase-separated phase at intermediate temperatures. The former origin would be the randomness effect and the latter would be the suppression of the double exchange interaction.

Chemical bonding and magnetic properties of gadolinium (Gd) substituted cobalt ferrite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Puli, Venkata Sreenivas; Adireddy, Shiva; Ramana, C.V.

2015-01-01

Graphical abstract: Room temperature Raman spectra of CoFe 2−x Gd x O 4 (CFGO, x = 0.0–0.3) compounds as a function of wavenumber (cm −1 ). - Highlights: • Gd substituted ferrites were synthesized under controlled concentration. • Gd ion induced lattice dynamical changes are significant. • Enhanced magnetization is observed upon Gd-incorporation in cobalt ferrite. • A correlation between lattice dynamics and magnetic properties is established. - Abstract: Polycrystalline gadolinium (Gd) substituted cobalt ferrites (CoFe 2−x Gd x O 4 ; x = 0–0.3, referred to CFGO) ceramics have been synthesized by solid state reaction method. Chemical bonding, crystal structure and magnetic properties of CFGO compounds have been evaluated as a function of Gd-content. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic analyses confirmed the formation of inverse spinel cubic structure. However, a secondary ortho-ferrite phase (GdFeO 3 ) nucleates for higher values of Gd-content. A considerable increase in the saturation magnetization has been observed upon the initial substitution of Gd (x = 0.1). The saturation magnetization drastically decreases at higher Gd content (x ⩾ 0.3). No contribution from ortho-ferrite GdFeO 3 phase is noted to the magnetic properties. The increase in the magnetic saturation magnetization is attributed to the higher magnetic moment of Gd 3+ (4f 7 ) residing in octahedral sites is higher when compared to that of Fe 3+ (3d 5 ) and as well due to the migration of Co 2+ (3d 7 ) ions from the octahedral to the tetrahedral sites with a magnetic moment aligned anti-parallel to those of rare earth (RE 3+ ) ions in the spinel lattice. Increase in coercivity with increase in Gd 3+ is content is attributed to magnetic anisotropy in the ceramics

Ferromagnetism in Gd doped ZnO nanowires: A first principles study

KAUST Repository

Aravindh, S. Assa

2014-12-19

In several experimental studies, room temperature ferromagnetism in Gd-doped ZnO nanostructures has been achieved. However, the mechanism and the origin of the ferromagnetism remain controversial. We investigate the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of Zn 48O48 nanowires doped with Gd, using density functional theory. Our findings indicate that substitutionally incorporated Gd atoms prefer occupying the surface Zn sites. Moreover, the formation energy increases with the distance between Gd atoms, signifying that no Gd-Gd segregation occurs in the nanowires within the concentration limit of ≤2%. Gd induces ferromagnetism in ZnO nanowires with magnetic coupling energy up to 21 meV in the neutral state, which increases with additional electron and O vacancy, revealing the role of carriers in magnetic exchange. The potential for achieving room temperature ferromagnetism and high TC in ZnO:Gd nanowires is evident from the large ferromagnetic coupling energy (200 meV) obtained with the O vacancy. Density of states shows that Fermi level overlaps with Gd f states with the introduction of O vacancy, indicating the possibility of s-f coupling. These results will assist in understanding experimental findings in Gd-doped ZnO nanowires.

Ferromagnetism in Gd doped ZnO nanowires: A first principles study

KAUST Repository

Aravindh, S. Assa; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo; Roqan, Iman S.

2014-01-01

In several experimental studies, room temperature ferromagnetism in Gd-doped ZnO nanostructures has been achieved. However, the mechanism and the origin of the ferromagnetism remain controversial. We investigate the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of Zn 48O48 nanowires doped with Gd, using density functional theory. Our findings indicate that substitutionally incorporated Gd atoms prefer occupying the surface Zn sites. Moreover, the formation energy increases with the distance between Gd atoms, signifying that no Gd-Gd segregation occurs in the nanowires within the concentration limit of ≤2%. Gd induces ferromagnetism in ZnO nanowires with magnetic coupling energy up to 21 meV in the neutral state, which increases with additional electron and O vacancy, revealing the role of carriers in magnetic exchange. The potential for achieving room temperature ferromagnetism and high TC in ZnO:Gd nanowires is evident from the large ferromagnetic coupling energy (200 meV) obtained with the O vacancy. Density of states shows that Fermi level overlaps with Gd f states with the introduction of O vacancy, indicating the possibility of s-f coupling. These results will assist in understanding experimental findings in Gd-doped ZnO nanowires.

Faraday effect in Gd3Al5O12 and Gd3Ga5O12 rare earth garnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valiev, U.V.; Klochkov, A.A.; Popov, A.I.; Sokolov, Y.B.

1989-01-01

The dispersion of the Faraday rotation of the garnets Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 and Gd 3 Al 5 O 12 in the 440--700-nm region in the 85--295-K temperature interval and the spectral dependence of the Faraday effect in the garnets Y 3 Ga 5 O 12 and Y 3 Al 5 O 12 for wavelengths from 250 to 700 nm are investigated. The contributions to the Faraday rotation caused by the Gd 3+ ions and the diamagnetic lattice of the garnets are separated

Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes

KAUST Repository

Roqan, Iman S.

2015-02-21

We demonstrate the fabrication of reproducible long-range ferromagnetism (FM) in highly crystalline GdxZn1-xO thin films by controlling the defects. Films are grown on lattice-matched substrates by pulsed laser deposition at low oxygen pressures (≤25 mTorr) and low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 0.009). These films feature strong FM (10 μB per Gd atom) at room temperature. While films deposited at higher oxygen pressure do not exhibit FM, FM is recovered by post-annealing these films under vacuum. These findings reveal the contribution of oxygen deficiency defects to the long-range FM. We demonstrate the possible FM mechanisms, which are confirmed by density functional theory study, and show that Gd dopants are essential for establishing FM that is induced by intrinsic defects in these films.

Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes

KAUST Repository

Roqan, Iman S.; Venkatesh, S.; Zhang, Z.; Hussain, S.; Bantounas, Ioannis; Franklin, J. B.; Flemban, Tahani H.; Zou, B.; Lee, J.-S.; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo; Petrov, P. K.; Ryan, M. P.; Alford, N. M.

2015-01-01

We demonstrate the fabrication of reproducible long-range ferromagnetism (FM) in highly crystalline GdxZn1-xO thin films by controlling the defects. Films are grown on lattice-matched substrates by pulsed laser deposition at low oxygen pressures (≤25 mTorr) and low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 0.009). These films feature strong FM (10 μB per Gd atom) at room temperature. While films deposited at higher oxygen pressure do not exhibit FM, FM is recovered by post-annealing these films under vacuum. These findings reveal the contribution of oxygen deficiency defects to the long-range FM. We demonstrate the possible FM mechanisms, which are confirmed by density functional theory study, and show that Gd dopants are essential for establishing FM that is induced by intrinsic defects in these films.

Electronic Structure of GdCuGe Intermetallic Compound

Science.gov (United States)

Lukoyanov, A. V.; Knyazev, Yu. V.; Kuz'min, Yu. I.

2018-04-01

The electronic structure of GdCuGe intermetallic compound has been studied. Spin-polarized energy spectrum calculations have been performed by the band method with allowance for strong electron correlations in the 4 f-shell of gadolinium ions. Antiferromagnetic ordering of GdCuGe at low temperatures has been obtained in a theoretical calculation, with the value of the effective magnetic moment of gadolinium ions reproduced in fair agreement with experimental data. The electronic density of states has been analyzed. An optical conductivity spectrum has been calculated for GdCuGe; it reveals specific features that are analogous to the ones discovered previously in the GdCuSi compound with a similar hexagonal structure.

The magnetic anisotropy of Gd-Y alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Phu Thuy, Nguyen; Verdonk, H. J.; Menovsky, A.; Franse, J. J. M.; Gersdorf, R.

1983-02-01

Magnetic torque curves on single crystals of Gd 1- xY x ( x ⩽ 0.1) show a reduction of the anomalous contribution that was observed in pure Gd, with increasing Y-content. Several explanations of this phenomenon are indicated in this paper.

Návrh na slaďování pracovního a soukromého života ve vybraném podniku

OpenAIRE

Švejdíková, Romana

2013-01-01

Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou slaďování práce a soukromého života ve zvolené organizaci. Detailně popisuje nástroje slaďování práce a soukromého života, srovnává teoretické poznatky se skutečností. Práce identifikuje možnosti a překážky slaďování práce a soukromého života u zaměstnanců zkoumané firmy. Na základě semistrukturovaného rozhovoru a dotazníkového šetření jsou navržena opatření pro optimální slaďování práce a života v organizaci. The diploma thesis deals with the issue ...

OH, HO2, and HO2* Radical Chemistry During PROPHET-AMOS 2016: Measurements and Model Comparison

Science.gov (United States)

Bottorff, B.; Lew, M.; Rickly, P.; Stevens, P. S.

2017-12-01

The hydroxyl (OH) and peroxy radicals, both the hydroperoxy radical (HO2) and organic peroxy radicals (RO2), play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. In addition to controlling lifetimes of many trace gases important to issues of global climate change, reactions of these radicals can also lead to the production of ozone and secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. Previous measurements of these radicals in remote forest environments have shown serious discrepancies with modeled concentrations. These results bring into question our understanding of the atmospheric chemistry of isoprene and other biogenic VOCs under low NOX conditions. In the summer of 2016, OH, HO2 and HO2* (HO2 + αRO2) radicals were measured using the Indiana University Laser-Induced Fluorescence Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion (LIF-FAGE) technique as part of the Program for Research on Oxidants: PHtochemistry, Emissions, and Transport- Atmospheric Measurements of Oxidants in Summer (PROPHET-AMOS). This campaign took place in a forested area in northern Michigan characterized by high mixing ratios of isoprene and low mixing ratios of NOX. Ambient measurements from this campaign will be compared to previous measurements at this site and to modeled predictions using both the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM2) and the Master Chemical Mechanism. Potential interferences associated with the OH measurements will also be examined.

HTS Nested magnet wound with 12 mm GdBCO tape and 4.4 mm YBCO tape

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kang, Myung Hun; Ku, Myung Hwan; Cha, Guee Soo; Lim, Hyoung Woo

2015-01-01

The properties of High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) tapes are progressing, as HTS tapes evolve from 1st generation to 2nd generation. This paper presents design and construction of a 2nd generation HTS magnet consisting of two nested GdBCO and YBCO pancake coils. Two HTS tapes of different widths were used to wind the HTS nested magnet. Considering that a higher magnetic field is applied to the inner magnet than to the outer magnet, 12 mm GdBCO tape was used for winding the inner magnet, which consisted of four single pancake windings. Eight double pancake windings wound with 4.4 mm YBCO tapes were used for the outer magnet. The test results show that the central magnetic field of the HTS nested magnet was 920 mT. The measured critical currents of the inner and outer magnet at 77K were 80.8 A and 32.6 A, respectively

Ferromagnetism in Gd doped ZnO nanowires: A first principles study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aravindh, S. Assa; Schwingenschloegl, Udo, E-mail: udo.schwingenschloegl@kaust.edu.sa, E-mail: iman.roqan@kaust.edu.sa; Roqan, Iman S., E-mail: udo.schwingenschloegl@kaust.edu.sa, E-mail: iman.roqan@kaust.edu.sa [Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900 (Saudi Arabia)

2014-12-21

In several experimental studies, room temperature ferromagnetism in Gd-doped ZnO nanostructures has been achieved. However, the mechanism and the origin of the ferromagnetism remain controversial. We investigate the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of Zn{sub 48}O{sub 48} nanowires doped with Gd, using density functional theory. Our findings indicate that substitutionally incorporated Gd atoms prefer occupying the surface Zn sites. Moreover, the formation energy increases with the distance between Gd atoms, signifying that no Gd-Gd segregation occurs in the nanowires within the concentration limit of ≤2%. Gd induces ferromagnetism in ZnO nanowires with magnetic coupling energy up to 21 meV in the neutral state, which increases with additional electron and O vacancy, revealing the role of carriers in magnetic exchange. The potential for achieving room temperature ferromagnetism and high T{sub C} in ZnO:Gd nanowires is evident from the large ferromagnetic coupling energy (200 meV) obtained with the O vacancy. Density of states shows that Fermi level overlaps with Gd f states with the introduction of O vacancy, indicating the possibility of s-f coupling. These results will assist in understanding experimental findings in Gd-doped ZnO nanowires.

Favored neutron excitations in superdeformed 147Gd

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Theisen, C.; Khadiri, N.; Vivien, J.P.; Ragnarsson, I.; Beausang, C.W.; Beck, F.A.; Belier, G.; Byrski, T.; Curien, D.; de France, G.; Disdier, D.; Duchene, G.; Finck, C.; Flibotte, S.; Gall, B.; Haas, B.; Hanine, H.; Herskind, B.; Kharraja, B.; Merdinger, J.C.; Nourreddine, A.; Nyako, B.M.; Perez, G.E.; Prevost, D.; Stezowski, O.; Rauch, V.; Rigollet, C.; Savajols, H.; Sharpey-Schafer, J.; Twin, P.J.; Wei, L.; Zuber, K.

1996-01-01

Four new superdeformed (SD) bands have been observed in 147 Gd using the EUROGAM II spectrometer. By comparison with 146,148,149 Gd SD bands, we use the effective alignment to assign excited band configurations, with the support of the Nilsson-Strutinsky cranking formalism. The effect of the crossing of the [642]5/2 and [651]1/2 neutron orbitals lying just below the magic N=86 SD shell gap has been investigated for the 146,147,148 Gd bands. Evidence for the [411]1/2 orbital is also given. copyright 1996 The American Physical Society

Ageing effect on the magnetocaloric properties of Gd, Gd5Si1.9Ge2.1 and on the eutectic composition Gd75Cd25

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Canepa, F; Cirafici, S; Napoletano, M; Cimberle, M R; Tagliafico, L; Scarpa, F

2008-01-01

The ageing effects due to the interaction with typical working fluids (water and air) of magnetic refrigerant materials have been analysed for up to one year. Among the many compounds reported to exhibit a sufficiently high magnetocaloric effect, we decided to artificially age Gd, which represents the first choice high magnetocaloric element, Gd 5 Si 1.9 Ge 2.1 , belonging to the series Gd 5 (Si x Ge 4-x ) 4 which for x ∼ 0.5 displays a giant magnetocaloric effect, and finally, the eutectic Gd 75 Cd 25 alloy, presenting an almost constant adiabatic temperature rise in an interesting temperature span (260-280 K). Magnetothermal results give evidence that corrosion and corrosion/erosion processes take place with different results on the refrigerant properties of all the materials. The adiabatic temperature rise is strongly reduced due to surface oxidation which lowers thermal conduction while the effect on the refrigerant capacity Q is definitely smaller. The effects of corrosion/erosion processes are confirmed by quantitative chemical analysis performed on the refrigerant fluid before and after the ageing process. Employing working fluids with a reduced corrosive effect but with comparable thermal properties may be a viable way of avoiding corrosion damage; alternatively the use of additives to decrease the corrosive properties of the fluids is strongly suggested

High-pressure synthesis and magnetic behavior of A-site columnar-ordered double perovskites, LnMn(Ga{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}){sub 2}O{sub 6} (Ln = Sm, Gd)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimura, Gen; Niwa, Ken; Shirako, Yuichi; Hasegawa, Masashi [Department of Crystalline Materials Science, Nagoya University, 464-8601, Nagoya (Japan)

2017-01-26

A-site columnar-ordered double perovskites, LnMn(Ga{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}){sub 2}O{sub 6} (Ln = Sm, Gd), were successfully synthesized under high pressure and high temperature (6 GPa, 1375 K). From the synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction patterns, all of the diffraction peaks can be indexed by the P4{sub 2}/nmc space group with lattice parameters a, c ∼ 2a{sub p} (a{sub p}: primitive cubic perovskite lattice) and no ordering of the B-site cations. Rietveld analysis of the synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction patterns and Curie-Weiss fitting of their magnetizations reveal that the ionic formulae of these perovskites are Ln{sup 3+}Mn{sup 2+}(Ga{sup 3+}{sub 0.5}Ti{sup 4+}{sub 0.5}){sub 2}O{sup 2-}{sub 6}. SmMn(Ga{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}){sub 2}O{sub 6} shows canted-antiferromagnetic behavior, whereas GdMn(Ga{sub 0.5}Ti{sub 0.5}){sub 2}O{sub 6} exhibits two different magnetic states at low temperature depending on the applied magnetic field and shows an unusual magnetization curve. These magnetic behaviors originate by decreasing the antiferromagnetic interaction by substituting Ga{sup 3+}(d{sup 10}) for Ti{sup 4+}(d{sup 0}) and by decreasing the ferromagnetic interaction between columnar-ordered Ln{sup 3+} and Mn{sup 2+}. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Chemical bonding and magnetic properties of gadolinium (Gd) substituted cobalt ferrite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Puli, Venkata Sreenivas, E-mail: vspuli@utep.edu [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 (United States); Adireddy, Shiva [Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118 (United States); Ramana, C.V. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968 (United States)

2015-09-25

Graphical abstract: Room temperature Raman spectra of CoFe{sub 2−x}Gd{sub x}O{sub 4} (CFGO, x = 0.0–0.3) compounds as a function of wavenumber (cm{sup −1}). - Highlights: • Gd substituted ferrites were synthesized under controlled concentration. • Gd ion induced lattice dynamical changes are significant. • Enhanced magnetization is observed upon Gd-incorporation in cobalt ferrite. • A correlation between lattice dynamics and magnetic properties is established. - Abstract: Polycrystalline gadolinium (Gd) substituted cobalt ferrites (CoFe{sub 2−x}Gd{sub x}O{sub 4}; x = 0–0.3, referred to CFGO) ceramics have been synthesized by solid state reaction method. Chemical bonding, crystal structure and magnetic properties of CFGO compounds have been evaluated as a function of Gd-content. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopic analyses confirmed the formation of inverse spinel cubic structure. However, a secondary ortho-ferrite phase (GdFeO{sub 3}) nucleates for higher values of Gd-content. A considerable increase in the saturation magnetization has been observed upon the initial substitution of Gd (x = 0.1). The saturation magnetization drastically decreases at higher Gd content (x ⩾ 0.3). No contribution from ortho-ferrite GdFeO{sub 3} phase is noted to the magnetic properties. The increase in the magnetic saturation magnetization is attributed to the higher magnetic moment of Gd{sup 3+} (4f{sup 7}) residing in octahedral sites is higher when compared to that of Fe{sup 3+} (3d{sup 5}) and as well due to the migration of Co{sup 2+} (3d{sup 7}) ions from the octahedral to the tetrahedral sites with a magnetic moment aligned anti-parallel to those of rare earth (RE{sup 3+}) ions in the spinel lattice. Increase in coercivity with increase in Gd{sup 3+} is content is attributed to magnetic anisotropy in the ceramics.

Influence of Hypoxic Interval Training and Hyperoxic Recovery on Muscle Activation and Oxygenation in Connection with Double-Poling Exercise.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christoph Zinner

Full Text Available Here, we evaluated the influence of breathing oxygen at different partial pressures during recovery from exercise on performance at sea-level and a simulated altitude of 1800 m, as reflected in activation of different upper body muscles, and oxygenation of the m. triceps brachii. Ten well-trained, male endurance athletes (25.3±4.1 yrs; 179.2±4.5 cm; 74.2±3.4 kg performed four test trials, each involving three 3-min sessions on a double-poling ergometer with 3-min intervals of recovery. One trial was conducted entirely under normoxic (No and another under hypoxic conditions (Ho; FiO2 = 0.165. In the third and fourth trials, the exercise was performed in normoxia and hypoxia, respectively, with hyperoxic recovery (HOX; FiO2 = 1.00 in both cases. Arterial hemoglobin saturation was higher under the two HOX conditions than without HOX (p<0.05. Integrated muscle electrical activity was not influenced by the oxygen content (best d = 0.51. Furthermore, the only difference in tissue saturation index measured via near-infrared spectroscopy observed was between the recovery periods during the NoNo and HoHOX interventions (P<0.05, d = 0.93. In the case of HoHo the athletes' Pmean declined from the first to the third interval (P < 0.05, whereas Pmean was unaltered under the HoHOX, NoHOX and NoNo conditions. We conclude that the less pronounced decline in Pmean during 3 x 3-min double-poling sprints in normoxia and hypoxia with hyperoxic recovery is not related to changes in muscle activity or oxygenation. Moreover, we conclude that hyperoxia (FiO2 = 1.00 used in conjunction with hypoxic or normoxic work intervals may serve as an effective aid when inhaled during the subsequent recovery intervals.

Gd-HOPO Based High Relaxivity MRI Contrast Agents

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Datta, Ankona; Raymond, Kenneth

2008-11-06

Tris-bidentate HOPO-based ligands developed in our laboratory were designed to complement the coordination preferences of Gd{sup 3+}, especially its oxophilicity. The HOPO ligands provide a hexadentate coordination environment for Gd{sup 3+} in which all he donor atoms are oxygen. Because Gd{sup 3+} favors eight or nine coordination, this design provides two to three open sites for inner-sphere water molecules. These water molecules rapidly exchange with bulk solution, hence affecting the relaxation rates of bulk water olecules. The parameters affecting the efficiency of these contrast agents have been tuned to improve contrast while still maintaining a high thermodynamic stability for Gd{sup 3+} binding. The Gd- HOPO-based contrast agents surpass current commercially available agents ecause of a higher number of inner-sphere water molecules, rapid exchange of inner-sphere water molecules via an associative mechanism, and a long electronic relaxation time. The contrast enhancement provided by these agents is at least twice that of commercial contrast gents, which are based on polyaminocarboxylate ligands.

Interfacial exchange, magnetic coupling and magnetoresistance in ultra-thin GdN/NbN/GdN tri-layers

Science.gov (United States)

Takamura, Yota; Goncalves, Rafael S.; Cascales, Juan Pedro; Altinkok, Atilgan; de Araujo, Clodoaldo I. L.; Lauter, Valeria; Moodera, Jagadeesh S.; MIT Team

Superconducting spin-valve structures with a superconductive (SC) spacer sandwiched between ferromagnetic (FM) insulating layers [Li PRL 2013, Senapati APL 2013, Zhu Nat. Mat. 2016.] are attractive since the SC and FM characteristics can mutually be controlled by the proximity effect. We investigated reactively sputtered GdN/NbN/GdN tri-layer structures with various (SC) NbN spacer thicknesses (dNbN) from superconducting to normal layers. Magnetoresistive behavior similar to GMR in metallic magnetic multilayers was observed in the tri-layers with dNbN between 5-10 monolayers (ML), where thinner NbN layers did not show superconductivity down to 4.2 K. The occurrence of GMR signal indicates the presence of a ML of FM metallic layers at the GdN/NbN interfaces. Susceptibility and transport measurements in these samples revealed that the interface layers (ILs) are ferromagnetically coupled with adjacent GdN layers. The thickness of each of the IL is deduced to be about 1.25 ML, and as a result for dNbN magnetically coupled and switched simultaneously. These findings and interfacial characterization by various techniques will be presented. Work supported by NSF and ONR Grants.

Návrh internetového obchodu pro firmu

OpenAIRE

Fikáčková, Barbora

2007-01-01

Bakalářské práce analyzuje problémy související s tvorbou internetového obchodu. Obsahuje návrh vhodného řešení pro zlepšení budoucího postavení firmy AMAR marketing s.r.o. a jeho ekonomické zhodnocení. Bachelor work analyzes problems in connection with creation of internet shop. for the firm AMAR marketing s.r.o. It contains analysis of suitable solution, leading to improve future position of the firm AMAR marketing s.r.o. and its econo-mic evulation. A

Favored neutron excitations in superdeformed Gd-147

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Theisen, C; Khadiri, N; Vivien, JP; Ragnarsson, J; Beausang, CW; Beck, FA; Belier, G; Byrski, T; Curien, D; deFrance, G; Disdier, D; Duchene, G; Finck, C; Flibotte, S; Gall, B; Haas, B; Hanine, H; Herskind, B; Kharraja, B; Merdinger, JC; Nourreddine, A; Nyako, BM; Perez, GE; Prevost, D; Stezowski, O; Rauch, I; Rigollet, C; Savajols, H; SharpeySchafer, J; Twin, PJ; Wei, L; Zuber, K

1996-01-01

Four new superdeformed (SD) bands have been observed in Gd-147 using the EUROGAM II spectrometer. By comparison with (146,148,149),Gd SD bands, we use the effective alignment to assign excited band configurations, with the support of the Nilsson-Strutinsky cranking formalism. The effect of the

HoCaMA: Home Care Hybrid Multiagent Architecture

Science.gov (United States)

Fraile, Juan A.; Bajo, Javier; Abraham, Ajith; Corchado, Juan M.

Home Care is one of the main objectives of Ambient Intelligence. Nowadays, the disabled and elderly population, which represents a significant part of our society, requires novel solutions for providing home care in an effective way. In this chapter, we present HoCaMA, a hybrid multiagent architecture that facilitates remote monitoring and care services for disabled patients at their homes. HoCaMA combines multiagent systems and Web services to facilitate the communication and integration with multiple health care systems. In addition, HoCaMA focuses on the design of reactive agents capable of interacting with different sensors present in the environment, and incorporates a system of alerts through SMS and MMS mobile technologies. Finally, it uses Radio Frequency IDentification and JavaCard technologies to provide advanced location and identification systems, as well as automatic access control facilities. HoCaMA has been implemented in a real environment and the results obtained are presented within this chapter.

Magnetic and structural studies on nanostructured Gd/Cr multilayer films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gadioli, G.Z.; Rouxinol, F.P.; Gelamo, R.V.; Cardoso, L.P.; Gama, S.; Bica de Moraes, M.A.

2013-01-01

Investigations of magnetic phases, transition temperatures and coercivity were performed in multilayered Gd/Cr films as a function of the crystalline state and morphology of the Gd layers. The films were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering at three substrate temperatures, T s , (room temperature, 300 and 500 °C). The Gd and Cr thicknesses were of 10 and 30 nm, respectively. Two series of three films were prepared. In one of the series, the films had a single Gd/Cr bilayer; in the other, 15 bilayers. The discontinuous or granular nature of the Gd layers was revealed by scanning electron microscopy Grazing incidence angle x-ray diffraction was used to investigate the crystalline state of the Gd and Cr layers. These techniques revealed that grain average size and crystalline order increase with increasing T s . From dc magnetic measurements, the co-existence of ferromagnetic and superferromagnetic phases in the Gd layers was observed, and Curie transition temperatures, T C , were determined. High coercive fields at low temperature (2 K) were measured in hysteresis cycles. Field-cooled and zero field-cooled magnetizations as functions of temperature curves exhibited, for some of the samples, a low temperature peak suggesting a freezing transition to a cluster glass state. This was confirmed by complementary ac-susceptibility measurements carried out as a function of temperature, for various frequencies of the ac field. Some results of this work – the decline in T C for decreasing Gd grain size, the high coercive field and its dependence on particle size, and the behavior of the magnetization at low temperatures for the sample deposited at room temperature – are discussed in terms of finite size and surface effects in nanosized particles. - Highlights: • Sputter-deposited Gd/Cr multilayer films with nanostructured Gd layers • Ferromagnetic and superferromagnetic phases are observed. • Ferromagnetic phase dependent of the deposition temperature • Improved

Autoclave growth, magnetic, and optical properties of GdB6 nanowires

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Wei; Wang, Zhen; Li, Qidong; Liu, Huatao; Fan, Qinghua; Dong, Youzhong; Kuang, Quan; Zhao, Yanming

2017-12-01

High-quality single crystalline gadolinium hexaboride (GdB6) nanowires have been successfully prepared at very low temperatures of 200-240 °C by a high pressure solid state (HPSS) method in an autoclave with a new chemical reaction route, where Gd, H3BO3, Mg and I2 were used as raw materials. The crystal structure, morphology, valence, magnetic and optical absorption properties were investigated using XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, XPS, SQUID magnetometry and optical measurements. HRTEM images and SAED patterns reveal that the GdB6 nanowires are single crystalline with a preferred growth direction along [001]. The XPS spectrum suggests that the valence of Gd ion in GdB6 is trivalent. The effective magnetic momentum per Gd3+ in GdB6 is about 6.26 μB. The optical properties exhibit weak absorption in the visible light range, but relatively strong absorbance in the NIR and UV range. Low work function and high NIR absorption can make GdB6 nanowires a potential solar radiation shielding material for solar cells or other NIR blocking applications.

Octahedral tilt independent magnetism in confined GdTiO3 films

Science.gov (United States)

Need, R. F.; Isaac, B. J.; Kirby, B. J.; Borchers, J. A.; Stemmer, S.; Wilson, Stephen D.

2018-03-01

Low temperature polarized neutron reflectometry measurements are presented, exploring the evolution of ferrimagnetism in thin GdTiO3 films embedded within a SrTiO3 matrix. In GdTiO3 films thinner than ˜4 nm, the TiO6 octahedral tilts endemic to GdTiO3 coherently relax toward the undistorted, cubic phase of SrTiO3. Our measurements indicate that the ferrimagnetic state within the GdTiO3 layers survives as these TiO6 octahedral tilts are suppressed. Furthermore, our data suggest that layers of suppressed magnetization (i.e., magnetic dead layers) develop within the GdTiO3 layer at each GdTiO3/SrTiO3 interface and explain the apparent magnetization suppression observed in thin GdTiO3 films when using volume-averaged techniques. Our data show that the low temperature magnetic moment inherent to the core GdTiO3 layers is only weakly impacted as the octahedral tilt angles are suppressed by more than 50% and the t2 g bandwidth is dramatically renormalized.

Advances in enlargement of melt-textured Gd-Ba-Cu-O superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nariki, S; Sakai, N; Kita, M; Fujikura, M; Murakami, M; Hirabayashi, I

2006-01-01

We investigated the fabrication of melt-textured Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors with the employment of a Gd 2 BaO 4 (Gd210)-BaCuO 2 -CuO precursor. This enabled us to synthesize a very large Gd-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductor, 140 mm in diameter. The trapped field distribution measured at 77 K revealed that the sample had no serious cracks, and the maximum field was 2.3 T. The formation behaviour and depressing mechanism of cracking were studied using sintered Gd210-containing precursors. The Ba-Cu-O component in the precursor melted at around 900 deg. C. The formation of such a liquid phase enhanced the densification of the precursor by liquid phase sintering. The mechanical strength of the sintered precursor was increased compared to the conventional Gd123-Gd211 precursor. This will be effective in preventing crack formation in the texturing process of large single-grain samples. The superconducting properties of the bulk sample fabricated from Gd210-containing precursor have been discussed

μ+ depolarization in AlGd alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kohn, S.; Brown, J.A.; Heffner, R.H.; Huang, C.Y.; Kitchens, T.A. Jr.; Leon, M.; Olsen, C.E.; Schillaci, M.E.

1979-01-01

The μ + depolarization rate in dilute AlGd alloys containing 50 and 450 atomic ppm Gd was measured in a transverse field of 80 Oe over the temperature range 6-300 K. For both alloys, Λ increased dramatically above 200 K, reaching values of 0.69 and 0.93 μs -1 , respectively, near room temperature. The results are interpreted as providing evidence for a thermally-activated trapping mechanism. (Auth.)

Electronic transitions of Ho in Pb2Sr2HoCu3O8 observed by inelastic neutron scattering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Soderholm, L.; Loong, C.; Xue, J.S.; Hammonds, J.P.; Greedan, J.E.; Maric, M.

1993-01-01

The electronic behavior of the 5 I 8 Russell Saunders ground multiplet of Ho 3+ in Pb 2 Sr 2 HoCu 3 O 8 has been investigated using inelastic neutron scattering. We observe ten peaks in the excitation spectra that are associated with crystal field transitions. The peaks are only slightly broader than expected from instrument resolution, indicating that there are no strong interactions between the local Ho f states and the CuO conduction states. Comparing the energies and intensities of the experimental peaks with those expected from modeling convinces us that there are at least three states populated at the temperature of our experiment (15 K), making the assignments of transitions very difficult in the absence of further data

Single step synthesis of GdAlO3 powder

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sinha, Amit; Nair, S.R.; Sinha, P.K.

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → First report on direct formation of GdAlO 3 powder using a novel combustion process. → Study of combustion characteristics of Gd(NO 3 ) 3 and Al(NO 3 ) 3 towards three fuels. → Preparation of highly sinterable GdAlO 3 powders through fuel-mixture approach. → Significant reduction in energy consumption for production of GdAlO 3 sintered body. - Abstract: A novel method for preparation of nano-crystalline gadolinium aluminate (GdAlO 3 ) powder, based on combustion synthesis, is reported. It was observed that aluminium nitrate and gadolinium nitrate exhibit different combustion characteristics with respect to urea, glycine and β-alanine. While urea was proven to be a suitable fuel for direct formation of crystalline α-Al 2 O 3 from its nitrate, glycine and β-alanine are suitable fuels for gadolinium nitrate for preparation of its oxide after combustion reaction. Based on the observed chemical characteristics of gadolinium and aluminium nitrates with respect to above mentioned fuels for the combustion reaction, the fuel mixture composition could be predicted that could lead to phase pure perovskite GdAlO 3 directly after the combustion reaction without any subsequent calcination step. The use of single fuel, on the other hand, leads to formation of amorphous precursor powders that call for subsequent calcination for the formation of crystalline GdAlO 3 . The powders produced directly after combustion reactions using fuel mixtures were found to be highly sinterable. The sintering of the powders at 1550 o C for 4 h resulted in GdAlO 3 with sintered density of more than 95%. T.D.

GdNCT of spontaneous canine melanoma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mitin, V.N.; Kulakov, V.N.; Khokhlov, V.F.

2006-01-01

The effectiveness of GdNCT has been studied in dogs with spontaneous melanoma of the mucousmembrane of the oral cavity patients on the NCT base at the IRT MEPhI reactor. The control group with melanomas was treated with neutrons. Fourteen canine patients were selected in the Clinic of Experimental Therapy affiliated with the RCRC RAMS. The calculation of doses has shown that the total dose of energy release depending on Gd concentration in the target can be several times higher than the dose produced by the reactor neutron beam. The calculations were carried out using the diffusion pharmacokinetic model. The gadolinium drug dipentast was administered intratumorally immediately prior to irradiation. The tumor size was estimated by measuring it in three projections. The tumor was irradiated for 60-90 minutes with a thermal neutron flux of 0.7x10 9 n/cm 2 s. The dose on tumor was 80-120 Gy, on surrounding tissues - 12-15 Gy. The treatment plan included immunotherapy with Roncoleikin in a dose of (15-10)x10 3 IE/kg. The results of GdNCT are still under observation. The results conform to those obtained by us earlier in cell cultures and inoculated experimental tumors. GdNCT is also effective in combination with immunotherapy. (author)

Magnetic short-range order in Gd

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Child, H.R.

1978-01-01

The magnetic short-range order in a ferromagnetic, isotopically enriched 160 Gd metal single crystal has been investigated by quasielastic scattering of 81-meV neutrons. Since Gd behaves as an S-state ion in the metal, little anisotropy is expected in its magnetic behavior. However, the data show that there is anisotropic short-range order present over a large temperature interval both above and below T/sub C/. The data have been analyzed in terms of an Ornstein-Zernike Lorentzian form with anisotropic correlation ranges. These correlation ranges as deduced from the observed data behave normally above T/sub C/ but seem to remain constant over a fairly large interval below T/sub C/ before becoming unobservable at lower temperatures. These observations suggest that the magnetic ordering in Gd may be a more complicated phenomenon than first believed

Comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) with gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) for enhanced MR imaging of brain and spine tumours in children

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Colosimo, Cesare [Univ. Annunzio, Chieti (Italy). Dept. of Clinical Sciences; Demaerel, Philippe [Univ. Hospital Leuven (Belgium); Tortori-Donati, Paolo [Inst. Gaslini, Genoa (Italy); Christophe, Catherine [Hopital Universitaire des Efants, Brussels (Belgium); Buchem, Mark van [Univ. Hospital Leiden (Netherlands); Hoegstroem, Barry; Pirovano, Gianpaolo; Shen, Ningyan; Spinazzi, Alberto [Worldwide Medical Affairs, Bracco Diagnostics, Inc., Princeton, NJ (United States); Kirchin, Miles A. [Worldwide Medical Affairs, Bracco Imaging SpA, Milan (Italy)

2005-05-01

Sixty-three subjects, aged 6 months to 16 years, who were enrolled in a prospective, fully blinded, randomized parallel-group phase III clinical trial, received 0.1 mmol/kg doses of either Gd-BOPTA (n=29) or Gd-DTPA (n=34). The MR images were acquired before and within 10 min of contrast agent injection. The primary objective was to compare the difference from pre-dose to post-dose lesion visualization between Gd-BOPTA and Gd-DTPA. Lesion visualization was determined as the sum of individual scores for three criteria of lesion morphological characteristics (lesion border delineation, internal morphology, and contrast enhancement), each assessed qualitatively using 4-point scales. Quantitative evaluation compared changes in lesion-to-background (LBR) and contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios and per cent enhancement. Monitoring for adverse events and evaluation of vital signs and laboratory values was performed. Pre-dose to post-dose changes in lesion visualization were significantly better for Gd-BOPTA for both lesion level (2.68{+-}2.17 vs. 1.05{+-}1.90, P=0.0106) and patient level (2.55{+-}2.18 vs. 1.14{+-}1.68, P=0.0079) comparisons. The mean pre-dose to post-dose change in CNR was greater for Gd-BOPTA (9.13{+-}15.36) than Gd-DTPA (2.18{+-}9.90), but the difference was only marginally significant (P=0.0779; 95% CI: -0.553, 14.454) because of wide variations of signal intensity between lesions. Similar findings were obtained for LBR and per cent enhancement. No differences between the agents were noted in terms of safety parameters. (orig.)

Ganglioside GD2 in reception and transduction of cell death signal in tumor cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Doronin, Igor I; Vishnyakova, Polina A; Kholodenko, Irina V; Ponomarev, Eugene D; Ryazantsev, Dmitry Y; Molotkovskaya, Irina M; Kholodenko, Roman V

2014-01-01

Ganglioside GD2 is expressed on plasma membranes of various types of malignant cells. One of the most promising approaches for cancer immunotherapy is the treatment with monoclonal antibodies recognizing tumor-associated markers such as ganglioside GD2. It is considered that major mechanisms of anticancer activity of anti-GD2 antibodies are complement-dependent cytotoxicity and/or antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. At the same time, several studies suggested that anti-GD2 antibodies are capable of direct induction of cell death of number of tumor cell lines, but it has not been investigated in details. In this study we investigated the functional role of ganglioside GD2 in the induction of cell death of multiple tumor cell lines by using GD2-specific monoclonal antibodies. Expression of GD2 on different tumor cell lines was analyzed by flow cytometry using anti-GD2 antibodies. By using HPTLC followed by densitometric analysis we measured the amount of ganglioside GD2 in total ganglioside fractions isolated from tumor cell lines. An MTT assay was performed to assess viability of GD2-positive and -negative tumor cell lines treated with anti-GD2 mAbs. Cross-reactivity of anti-GD2 mAbs with other gangliosides or other surface molecules was investigated by ELISA and flow cytometry. Inhibition of GD2 expression was achieved by using of inhibitor for ganglioside synthesis PDMP and/or siRNA for GM2/GD2 and GD3 synthases. Anti-GD2 mAbs effectively induced non-classical cell death that combined features of both apoptosis and necrosis in GD2-positive tumor cells and did not affect GD2-negative tumors. Anti-GD2 mAbs directly induced cell death, which included alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, induction of apoptotic volume decrease and cell membrane permeability. This cytotoxic effect was mediated exclusively by specific binding of anti-GD2 antibodies with ganglioside GD2 but not with other molecules. Moreover, the level of GD2 expression correlated with

Magnetic resonance imaging of human cerebral infarction: Enhancement with Gd-DTPA

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Imakita, S.; Nishimura, T.; Naito, H.; Yamada, N.; Yamamoto, K.; Takamiya, M.; Yamada, Y.; Sakashita, Y.; Minamikawa, J.; Kikuchi, H.

1987-09-01

Five patients (1 female and 4 males) with cerebral infarction of 4 h to 27 months duration were studied 9 times with magnetic resonance (MR) using Gd-DTPA. Spinecho (SE) MR images (MRI) were obtained before and after the administration of Gd-DTPA, and correlative CT scans were performed on the same day. In 2 cases, 4 h and 27 months after the ictus, there was no enhancement with Gd-DTPA. There was faint enhancement in 2 cases with cerebral infarction of about 24 h duration and obvious enhancement in all cases in the subacute stage. Compared with enhanced CT, MR using Gd-DTPA demonstrated more obvious enhancement of infarcted areas. MR enhancement using Gd-DTPA showed a gradual increase and the accumulated Gd-DTPA in infarcted areas slowly diffused to the periphery. MR enhancement with Gd-DTPA is similar to that of enhanced CT, but may be more sensitive in the detection of blood brain barrier breakdown.

Crystal structure and electronic states of Co and Gd ions in a Gd0.4Sr0.6CoO2.85 single crystal

Science.gov (United States)

Platunov, M. S.; Dudnikov, V. A.; Orlov, Yu. S.; Kazak, N. V.; Solovyov, L. A.; Zubavichus, Ya. V.; Veligzhanin, A. A.; Dorovatovskii, P. V.; Vereshchagin, S. N.; Shaykhutdinov, K. A.; Ovchinnikov, S. G.

2016-02-01

X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra have been measured at the Co K-edge and Gd L 3-edge in GdCoO3 and Gd0.4Sr0.6CoO2.85 cobaltites. The effect of Sr substitution on the crystal structure and electronic and magnetic states of Co3+ ions in a Gd0.4Sr0.6CoO2.85 single crystal has been analyzed. The XANES measurements at the Co K-edge have not showed a noticeable shift of the absorption edge with an increase in the concentration of Sr. This indicates that the effective valence of cobalt does not change. An increase in the intensity of absorption at the Gd L 3-edge is due to an increase in the degree of hybridization of the Gd(5 d) and O(2 p) states. The effect of hole doping on the magnetic properties results in the appearance of the ferromagnetic component and in a significant increase in the magnetic moment.

Strongly coupled band in {sup 140}Gd

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Falla-Sotelo, F.; Oliveira, J.R.B.; Rao, M.N. [Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo (Brazil)] (and others)

2005-07-01

Several high-K states are known to exist in the mass 130-140 region. For the N=74 even-even isotopes, K{pi} = 8{sup -} isomers, with lifetimes ranging from ns to ms, are known in {sup 128}Xe, {sup 130}Ba, {sup 132}Ce, {sup 134}Nd, {sup 136}Sm, and {sup 138}Gd[. In {sup 140}Gd, we have observed for the first time a band also based on an I{pi} = 8{sup -} state. This could be the first case of a K{pi} = 8{sup -} state observed in an N=76 even-even isotope. The systematics of the K{pi} = 8{sup -} isomeric states in N=74 isotopes has been studied by A.M. Bruce et al. These states decay towards the K = 0 ground state band, and the transitions are K-forbidden. The {sup 140}Gd case presents strong similarities but also some significant differences with relation to the N=74 isotopes. We propose the same configuration but with larger deformation in {sup 140}Gd.

Measurement of thermal neutron cross-section and resonance integral for the 165Ho(n,γ) 166gHo reaction using electron linac-based neutron source

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Van Do; Pham, Duc Khue; Kim, Tien Thanh; Kim, Guinyun; Lee, Manwoo; Kim, Kyung Sook; Kang, Heung-Sik; Cho, Moo-Hyun; Ko, In Soo; Namkung, Won

2011-01-01

The thermal neutron cross-section and the resonance integral of the 165Ho(n,γ) 166gHo reaction have been measured by the activation method using a 197Au(n,γ) 198Au monitor reaction as a single comparator. The high-purity natural Ho and Au foils with and without a cadmium shield case of 0.5 mm thickness were irradiated in a neutron field of the Pohang neutron facility. The induced activities in the activated foils were measured with a calibrated p-type high-purity Ge detector. The correction factors for the γ-ray attenuation ( Fg), the thermal neutron self-shielding ( Gth), the resonance neutron self-shielding ( Gepi) effects, and the epithermal neutron spectrum shape factor ( α) were taken into account. The thermal neutron cross-section for the 165Ho(n,γ) 166gHo reaction has been determined to be 59.7 ± 2.5 barn, relative to the reference value of 98.65 ± 0.09 barn for the 197Au(n,γ) 198Au reaction. By assuming the cadmium cut-off energy of 0.55 eV, the resonance integral for the 165Ho(n,γ) 166gHo reaction is 671 ± 47 barn, which is determined relative to the reference value of 1550 ± 28 barn for the 197Au(n,γ) 198Au reaction. The present results are, in general, good agreement with most of the previously reported data within uncertainty limits.

MR lymphography with macromolecular Gd-DTPA compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hamm, B.; Wagner, S.; Branding, G.; Taupitz, M.; Wolf, K.J.

1990-01-01

This paper investigates the suitability of macromolecular Gd-DTPA compounds as signal-enhancing lymphographic agents in MR imaging. Two Gd-DTPA polylysin compounds and Gd-DTPA albumin, with molecular weights of 48,000,170,000, and 87,000 daltons, respectively, were tested in rabbits at gadolinium doses of 5 and 15 μmol per animal. Three animals were examined at each dose with T1-weighted sequences. The iliac lymph nodes were imaged prior to and during unilateral endolymphatic infusion into a femoral lymph vessel as well as over a period of 2 hours thereafter. All contrast media showed a homogeneous and pronounced signal enhancement in the lymph nodes during infusion at both doses

The 500 deg. C isothermal section of the Gd-Tb-Co ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou, K.W.; Zhuang, Y.H.; Li, J.Q.; Zhu, Q.M.; Deng, J.Q.

2006-01-01

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Gd-Tb-Co ternary system at 500 deg. C was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis and metallographic analysis techniques. In this isothermal section, there are nine single-phase regions, eight two-phase regions and none three-phase region. No ternary compound was found. The compounds Gd 2 Co 17 and Tb 2 Co 17 , Gd 2 Co 7 and Tb 2 Co 7 , GdCo 3 and TbCo 3 , GdCo 2 and TbCo 2 , Gd 4 Co 3 and Tb 4 Co 3 , Gd 12 Co 7 and Tb 12 Co 7 , Gd 3 Co and Tb 3 Co, Gd and Tb form a continuous series of solid solutions. In addition, we experimentally determined the vertical section of pseudobinary system and the Curie temperature of Gd 1-x Tb x Co 2 (x from 0 to 1) series alloys

Comparing particles for radiosynovectomy labeled with Ho-166

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Argueelles, M.G.; Luppi Berlanga, I.S.; Torres, E.A.; Pereyra Molina, V.

2002-01-01

Aim: Three types of microparticles containing Ho-166 were investigated as potential agents for radiation synovectomy. These are: hydroxyapatite (HA), ferric hydroxide macro-aggregates (FHMA) and polymeric micro-spheres (PM). Labeling was performed by three different methods: coprecipitation, two steps labeling using citrate and irradiation of Ho-165 complexed to acetylacetone (AcAc) incorporated into poly-L-lactic acid spheres (PLA) by the solvent evaporation technique. Material and methods: a coprecipitation technique of holmium hydroxide and ferric hydroxide was used in order to obtain 166 Ho-FHMA. Particle size was determined by optical microscopy and selective filtration (1.2 - 100 μm). Obtainment efficiency of FHMA was always higher than 90%. Radiochemical purity was checked by thin layer chromatography using ITLC/SG and EDTA solution as solvent. In vitro stability studies were performed by incubating labelled particles in either saline, or EDTA solution. Hydroxyapatite particles were prepared from the reaction of calcium nitrate and ammonia phosphate at high pH. By strong heating of the precipitate at 800 0 C, the product becomes largely anhydrous and hardened. The yield of the hydroxyapatite synthesis was always greater than 80%. Particle size range was studied using light microscopy. Labeling was done in two steps: 166Ho-citrate was prepared by adding sufficient citric acid to the 166 Ho-Cl 3 solution. The radioactive solution was added to the particulate suspension stirring continuously. Radiolabelled particles were rinsed and separated by centrifugation. Stable Ho-165, complexed to acetylacetone (AcAc), was incorporated into PLA spheres by the solvent evaporation technique. The particle size distribution of the micro-spheres was determined by electronic microscopy. A X-ray fluorescence technique was used to determine the percentage of 165 Ho-AcAc incorporated in the microspheres by studying standards and prepared PLA spheres. Stability studies were

Návrh Rail-to-Rail proudového konvejoru v technologii CMOS

OpenAIRE

Hudzik, Martin

2016-01-01

Diplomová práca sa zaoberá návrhom rail-to-rail prúdového konvejora druhej generácie v technológii CMOS. Opisuje princípy funkcie jednotlivých generácii prúdových konvejorov a taktiež základný princíp návrhu prúdového konvejora druhej generácie založeného na operačnom zosilňovači. Venuje sa obvodovému riešeniu vstupného rail-to-rail stupňa a koncového stupňa v triede AB. Cieľom tejto práce je navrhnúť, charakterizovať vlastnosti a vytvoriť topológiu prúdového konvejora druhej generácie s rail...

Thermal expansion of UO2-Gd2O3 fuel pellets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Une, Katsumi

1986-01-01

In recent years, more consideration has been given to the application of UO 2 -Gd 2 O 3 burnable poison fuel to LWRs in order to improve the core physics and to extend the burnup. It has been known that UO 2 forms a single phase cubic fluorite type solid solution with Gd 2 O 3 up to 20 - 30 wt.% above 1300 K. The addition of Gd 2 O 3 to UO 2 lattices changes the properties of the fuel pellets. The limited data on the thermal expansion of UO 2 -Gd 2 O 3 fuel exist, but those are inconsistent. UO 2 -Gd 2 O 3 fuel pellets were fabricated, and the linear thermal expansion of UO 2 and UO 2 -(5, 8 and 10 wt.%)Gd 2 O 3 fuel pellets was measured with a differential dilatometer over the temperature range of 298 - 1973 K. A sapphire rod of 6 mm diameter and 15.5 mm length was used as the reference material. After the preheating cycle, the measurement was performed in argon atmosphere. The results for UO 2 pellets showed excellent agreement with the data in literatures. The linear thermal expansion of UO 2 -Gd 2 O 3 fuel pellets showed the increase with increasing the Gd 2 O 3 content. Consideration must be given to this excessive expansion in the fuel design of UO 2 -Gd 2 O 3 pellets. The equations for the linear thermal expansion and density of UO 2 -Gd 2 O 3 fuel pellets were derived by the method of least squares. (Kako, I.)

PENGENDALIAN DALAM PENERBITAN IZIN GANGGUAN (HO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pebriana Marlinda

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Abstrak :            Penelitian tentang pengendalian dalam penerbitan izin gangguan (HO di Kecamatan Margahayu Kabupaten Bandung menjelaskan tentang tahap-tahap pengendalian yang dilakukan oleh aparat Kecamatan Margahayu. Pengendalian dilakukan untuk memastikan agar penerbitan izin gangguan (HO berjalan dengan efektif. Namun, masih ada pelaku usaha yang belum memiliki surat izin gangguan (HO ataupun pelaku usaha yang sudah memiliki surat izin gangguan (HO akan tetapi kegiatan usahanya merugkan orang lain seperti sampah yang berserakan, polusi udara, polusi suara, dan lain-lain.                            Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deduktif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan yang meliputi observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Adapun penentuan informan dalam penelitian ini dipilih berdasarkan pertimbangan-pertimbangan dengan pihak-pihak yang terkait dalam pengendalian. Kemudian data yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dipaparkan dengan langkah-langkah yang meliputi: reduksi data, penyajian data, menarik kesimpulan/verifikasi. Teori yang digunakan penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah teori dari Stephen P. Robbins tentang tahap-tahap pengendalian yaitu: mengukur kinerja aktual, membandingkan kinerja aktual dengan standar, dan mengambil tindakan manajerial.                            Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah pengendalian yang dilakukan olehaparat Kecamatan Margahayu telah melalui tahap-tahap pengendalian yaitu: mengukur kinerja aktual, membandingkan kinerja aktual dengan standar, dan mengambil tindakan manajerial. Namun perlu dilakukan penguatan di setiap tahap pengendalian terutama pada tahap mengukur kinerja aktual dan pada tahap mengambil tindakan manajerial                            Penelitian tentang pengendalian dalam penerbitan izin gangguan (HO di Kecamatan

Two new glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants associated with congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia found in Japan: GD(-) Tokushima and GD(-) Tokyo.

Science.gov (United States)

Miwa, S; Ono, J; Nakashima, K; Abe, S; Kageoka, T

1976-01-01

Two new variants of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia were discovered in Japan. Gd(-) Tokushima was found in a 17-years-old male whose erythrocytes contained 4.4% of normal enzyme activity. Partially purified enzyme revealed a main band of normal electrophoretic mobility with additional two minor bands of different mobility; normal Km G6P, and Km NADP five-to sixfold higher than normal; normal utilization of 2-deoxy-G6P, galactose-6P, and deamino-NADP; marked thermal instability; a normal pH curve; and normal Ki NADPH. The hemolytic anemia was moderate to severe. Gd(-) Tokyo was characterized from a 15-year-old male who had chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia of mild degree. The erythrocytes contained 3% of normal enzyme activity, and partially purified enzyme revealed slow electrophoretic mobility (90% of normal for both a tris-hydrochloride buffer system and a tris-EDTA-borate buffer system, and 70% of normal for a phosphate buffer system); normal Km G6P and Km NADP; normal utilization of 2-deoxy-G6P, galactose-6P, and deamino-NADP; greatly increased thermal instability; a normal pH curve; and normal Ki NADPH. These two variants are clearly different from hitherto described G6PD variants, including the Japanese variants Gd(-) Heian and Gd(-) Kyoto. The mothers of both Gd(-) Tokushima and Gd(-) Tokoyo were found to be heterozygote by an ascorbate-cyanide test.

(Gd1−xErx)5Si2Ge2 compounds

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Gd metal (3 N) by arc melting, and then annealed at 1523 K (3 h). The phase, microstructure, Curie ... The temperature of magnetic transition decreases linearly from 281 K to 177 K with the increase of Er content from x = 0–0·2. ... Gd5Si2Ge2 serial compounds, different rare earth elements substituted for Gd in Gd5(Six ...

Energy transfer mechanism from Gd3+ to Sm3+ in K3Gd(PO4)2:Sm3+ phosphor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gupta, Palvi; Bedyal, A K; Kumar, Vinay; Khajuria, Y; Sharma, Vishal; Ntwaeaborwa, O M; Swart, H C

2015-01-01

Undoped K 3 Gd(PO 4 ) 2 and trivalent samarium (0.5–2.5 mol%) doped K 3 Gd(PO 4 ) 2 phosphors were synthesized by the solid-state method. The phase formation, optical and luminescence properties were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance (DR) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The fluorescence decay spectra of the obtained phosphors were also recorded to study the energy transfer from sensitizer (Gd 3+ ) to activator (Sm 3+ ). Energy transfer effects from sensitizer to activator caused by rare-earth ions were mainly observed in the obtained PL and lifetime spectra. The decay curves of K 3 Gd(PO 4 ) 2 phosphor with different Sm 3+ ions concentrations were found to be non-exponential and the data is well fitted with the Inokuti–Hirayama (I–H) model. The energy transfer parameters such as critical distance for the transfer processes were determined. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) chromatic coordinates and color-correlated temperature were also determined for the prepared phosphor. (paper)

Continuous wave and AO Q-switch operation Tm,Ho:YAP laser pumped by a laser diode of 798 nm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, L J; Yao, B Q; Song, C W; Wang, Y Z; Wang, Z G

2009-01-01

Continuous wave (CW) and acousto-optical (AO) Q-switch operation of Tm (5 at.%), Ho (0.3 at.%):YAP laser at 2.13 μm wavelength were reported in this paper. The Tm,Ho:YAP crystal was cooled by liquid nitrogen and double-end-pumped by a 14.2 W fiber-coupled laser diode at 798 nm. Different resonator lengths and output couplers for the pump power were tried. A maximum conversion efficiency of 31.3% and a maximum slope efficiency of 35.2% were acquired with CW output power of 4.45 W. Average power of 4.21 W was obtained at pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 15 kHz, corresponding to an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 29.6% and a slope efficiency of 32.4%. The energy per pulse of 2.3 mJ in 64 ns was achieved at 1.5 kHz with the peak power of 35.8 kW

Lattice effects in HoVo(3) single crystal

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sikora, M.; Marquina, C.; Ibarra, M. R.; Nugroho, A. A.; Palstra, T. T. M.

We report the study of lattice effects in the Mott insulator HoVO3 performed by means of linear thermal expansion on a single crystal in the temperature range 10-290 K. The holmium orthovanadate HoVO3 reveals gradual orbital ordering (OO) below T-OO = 200K and orders antiferromagnetically at T-N =

Separation and Recycling for Rare Earth Elements by Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Extraction (HoLLE Using a pH-Responsive Fluorine-Based Surfactant

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shotaro Saito

2015-08-01

Full Text Available A selective separation and recycling system for metal ions was developed by homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (HoLLE using a fluorosurfactant. Sixty-two different elemental ions (e.g., Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, In, Ir, La, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Os, P, Pb, Pd, Pr, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Ti, Tl, Tm, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, and Zr were examined. By changing pH from a neutral or alkaline solution (pH ≥ 6.5 to that of an acidic solution (pH < 4.0, gallium, zirconium, palladium, silver, platinum, and rare earth elements were extracted at >90% efficiency into a sedimented Zonyl FSA® (CF3(CF2n(CH22S(CH22COOH, n = 6–8 liquid phase. Moreover, all rare earth elements were obtained with superior extraction and stripping percentages. In the recycling of rare earth elements, the sedimented phase was maintained using a filter along with a mixed solution of THF and 1 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The Zonyl FSA® was filtrated and the rare earth elements were recovered on the filter as a hydroxide. Furthermore, the filtrated Zonyl FSA was reusable by conditioning the subject pH.

{sup 166}Ho-chitosan as a radiation synovectomy agent - biocompatibility study of {sup 166}Ho-chitosan in rabbits

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Sug Jun; Lee, Soo Yong; Jeon, Dae Geun; Seok, Lee Jong [Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1997-01-01

Radiation synovectomy is a noninvasive therapy that has been investigated as an alternative to surgical synovectomy. It is been successfully employed in the treatment of synovitis in rheumatoid arthrits and other inflammatory arthropathies. We developed the {sup 166}Ho-chitosan complex for possible use as a radiation synovectomy agent. Holmium is the more practical isotope based on its higher radioactivity and logner half-life. And isotope based on its higher radioactivity and logner half-life. And chitosan is ideal and suitable particles based on its soluble and biodegradable characteristics. So we investigated the biocompatibility of the {sup 166}Ho-chitosan complex to evaluated the suitability as a radiation synovectomy agent. In this study, we performed in vivo and in vitro stability test and biodistribution test. Our results indicate that {sup 166}Ho-chitosan may be an effective radiopharmaceutical for radiation synovectomy. (author). 30 refs., 7 tabs.

The Application of CPA to Calculations of the Mean Magnetic Moment in the Gd1-xNi, Gd1-xFe, Gd1xCox, and Y1-xCox Intermetallic Compounds

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Szpunar, B.; Kozarzewski, B.

1977-01-01

with a narrow d-band is considered. The magnetic moment of the alloy at zero temperature is calculated within the molecular field and Hartree-Fock approximations. Disorder is treated in the coherent potential approximation. Results are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained for the crystalline......Calculations are made of the mean magnetic moment per atom of the transition metal and the rare-earth metal in the intermetallic compounds, Gd1-x,Nix, Gd1-x Fex, Gd1-x Cox, and Y1-x Cox. A simple model of the disordered alloy consisting of spins localized on the rare-earth atoms and interacting...

Segregation of solute atoms to interphase boundaries in GdNi{sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Murray, Ryan; Banerjee, Debashis; Collins, Gary S., E-mail: collins@wsu.edu [Washington State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy (United States); Zacate, Matthew O. [Northern Kentucky University, Department of Physics and Geology (United States)

2017-11-15

Lattice locations of {sup 111}In impurity probe atoms in intermetallic GdNi{sub 2} were studied as a function of alloy composition and temperature using perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy (PAC). Measurements were made on a pair of samples that were richer and poorer in Gd. Three nuclear quadrupole interaction signals were detected and their equilibrium site fractions were measured up to 700 {sup ∘}C. Two signals have well-defined electric field gradients (EFGs) and are attributed to In-probes on Gd- and Ni-sites in a well-ordered lattice. A third signal exhibiting strong inhomogeneous broadening was observed at low temperature in Gd-richer samples. This is attributed to segregation of the In-probes to phase boundaries (PB) of minor volume fractions of the neighboring GdNi phase. A measurement made on a stoichiometric GdNi sample exhibited the same inhomogeneously broadened signal, indicating that In-probes prefer to occupy PB and/or grain boundary sites in GdNi rather than the well-defined Gd- and Ni-sites. Changes in site fractions were reversible above 300 {sup ∘}C, indicating that probe atoms equilibrate among all lattice locations within a time period of one day. Thus, PB sites provide lower enthalpy environments for In-probes than either crystallographic site in GdNi{sub 2}. Enthalpy differences between the levels were determined from measurements of temperature dependences of ratios of site fractions. The enthalpy of transfer of In-probes from the Gd- to Ni-sublattice, which is coupled to intrinsic disorder in the compound, was found to be much smaller in the Gd-richer sample than in the Gd-poorer sample. This can be explained by differing temperature dependences of intrinsic defect concentrations at the two compositions. Among those probes that remain within the GdNi{sub 2} phase, there is a temperature dependence of the ratio of site fractions of In-probes on Gd- and Ni-sites. Taking this into account, a macroscopic segregation enthalpy is

Optical characteristics of BaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Ho{sup 3+} and BaGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}:Ho{sup 3+} single crystals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choe, Sung-Hyu [Chosun University, Kwangju (Korea, Republic of); Jin, Moon-Seog [Dongshin University, Naju (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Wha-Tek [Chonnam National University, Kwangju (Korea, Republic of)

2005-11-15

BaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}, BaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Ho{sup 3+}, BaGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}, and BaGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}:Ho{sup 3+} single crystals were grown by using the chemical transport reaction method. The optical energy gaps of the single crystals were investigated in the temperature region from 11 K to 300 K. The temperature dependence of the optical energy gap was well fitted by the Varshni equation. Two broad emission bands were observed in the photoluminescence spectra of the single crystals. These bands were attributed to donor-acceptor pair recombinations. Sharp emission peaks were observed in the BaGa{sub 2}S{sub 4}:Ho{sup 3+} and the BaGa{sub 2}Se{sub 4}:Ho{sup 3+} single crystals and were assigned to radiation recombination between split Stark levels of Ho{sup 3+}.

The mass of the electron neutrino and electron capture in 163Ho

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yasumi, S.; Rajasekaran, G.; Ando, M.; Ochiai, F.; Ikeda, H.; Ohta, T.; Stefan, P.M.; Maruyama, M.; Nashimoto, N.; Fujioka, M.; Ishii, K.; Shinozuka, T.; Sera, K.; Omori, T.; Izawa, G.; Yagi, M.; Masumoto, K.; Shima, K.

1983-01-01

To determine the mass of the electron neutrino, electron capture in 163 Ho was studied. From the intensity of M X-rays and the total number of 163 Ho atoms in a source, as determined by the PIXE method, the partial M-capture half life of 163 Ho was estimated to be (4.5 +- 1.5) x 10 4 yr. A relation between the Q-value of 163 Ho and the mass of the electron neutrino was obtained. (orig.)

Diode-Pumped Thulium (Tm)/Holmium (Ho) Composite Fiber 2.1-Micrometers Laser

Science.gov (United States)

2015-09-01

Schematic of the 800-nm diode pumped Tm/Ho composite fiber laser 8 Under quasi-continuous wave (Q- CW ) pumping conditions of 1-ms duration and a...Fig. 9 (Top) Schematic of the 800-nm diode -pumped Tm/Ho composite fiber laser with outcoupler. (Left) Q- CW laser performance of the Tm/Ho composite...ARL-TR-7452 ● SEP 2015 US Army Research Laboratory Diode -Pumped Thulium (Tm)/Holmium (Ho) Composite Fiber 2.1-μm Laser by G

Flood-Inundation maps for the Hohokus Brook in Waldwick Borough, Ho-Ho-Kus Borough, and the Village of Ridgewood, New Jersey, 2014

Science.gov (United States)

Watson, Kara M.; Niemoczynski, Michal J.

2015-07-20

Digital flood-inundation maps for a 6-mile reach of the Hohokus Brook in New Jersey from White's Lake Dam in Waldwick Borough, through Ho-Ho-Kus Borough to Grove Street in the Village of Ridgewood were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. The flood inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on the Hohokus Brook at Ho-Ho-Kus, New Jersey (station number 01391000). Stage data at this streamgage may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=01391000 or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http://water.weather.gov/ahps2/hydrograph.php?gage=hohn4&wfo=okx.

The uptake of HO2 radicals to organic aerosols

Science.gov (United States)

Matthews, Pascale; Krapf, Manuel; Dommen, Josef; George, Ingrid; Whalley, Lisa; Ingham, Trevor; Baeza-Romero, Maria Teresa; Ammann, Markus; Heard, Dwayne

2014-05-01

HOx (OH + HO2) radicals are responsible for the majority of the oxidation in the troposphere and control the concentrations of many trace species in the atmosphere. There have been many field studies where the measured HO2 concentrations have been smaller than the concentration predicted by model calculations [1,2]. The difference has often been attributed to HO2 uptake by aerosols. Organics are a major component of aerosols accounting for 10 - 70 % of their mass [3]. However, there have been very few laboratory studies measuring HO2 uptake onto organic aerosols [4]. Uptake coefficients (γ) were measured for a range of aerosols using a Fluorescence Assay By Gas Expansion (FAGE) detector combined with an aerosol flow tube. HO2 was injected into the flow tube using a moveable injector which allowed first order HO2 decays to be measured along the flow tube both with and without aerosols. Laboratory generated aerosols were made using an atomiser or by homogeneous nucleation. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) were made using the Paul Scherrer Institute smog chamber and also by means of a Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) chamber. The total aerosol surface area was then measured using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Experiments were carried out on aerosols containing glutaric acid, glyoxal, malonic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and squalene. The HO2 uptake coefficients for these species were measured in the range of γ contained elevated levels of transition metal ions. For humic acid the uptake coefficient was highly dependent on humidity and this may be explained by the liquid water content of the aerosols. Measurements were also performed on copper doped aerosols containing different organics. An uptake coefficient of 0.23 ± 0.07 was measured for copper doped ammonium sulphate, however, this was reduced to 0.008 ± 0.009 when EDTA was added in a 1:1 ratio with copper and 0.003 ± 0.004 when oxalic acid was added in a 10:1 ratio with copper. SOA aerosols were

The Effects of Gd-Free Impurity Phase on the Aging Behavior for the Microwave Surface Resistance of Ag-coated GdBa2Cu3O7-δ at Cryogenic Temperatures

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Sungho; Yang, Woo Il; Jung, Ho Sang; Oh, Won-Jae; Jang, Jiyeong; Lee, Jae-Hun; Kang, Kihyeok; Moon, Seung-Hyun; Yoo, Sang-Im; Lee, Sang Young

2018-05-01

High-T C GdBa2Cu3O7-δ (GdBCO) superconductor has been popular for making superconductive tapes that have much potential for various fields of large-scale applications. We investigated aging effects on the microwave surface resistance (R S) of Ag-coated GdBCO layer on Hastelloy substrate, so called GdBCO coated conductors (CCs), and Ag-coated GdBCO films on LaAlO3 (LAO) single-crystal substrates at cryogenic temperatures and compared them with each other. Unlike the R S of Ag-coated GdBCO films showing significant degradation in 4 weeks, no significant aging effects were found in our Ag-coated GdBCO CCs aged 85 weeks. The reactive co-evaporation deposition and reaction (RCE-DR) method was used for preparing the Ag-coated GdBCO CCs. Such durability of the Ag-coated GdBCO CCs in terms of the R S could be explained by existence of a protective impurity phase, i.e., Gd-free Ba-Cu-O phase as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy study combined with the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. Although the scope of this study is limited to the Ag-coated GdBCO CCs prepared by using the RCE-DR method, our results suggest that a solution for preventing the aging effects on transport properties of other kinds of Ag-coated GdBCO CCs could be realized by means of an artificially-grown protective impurity layer.

Behavior of Gd-DTPA in simulated bank filtration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moeller, Peter; Knappe, Andrea; Dulski, Peter; Pekdeger, Asaf

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → Gd-DTPA and similar products are common pollutants in surface and groundwater and prove to be a reliable monitor for mixing of groundwater with surface water loaded with effluents from sewage treatment plants. → Within a 30 m column filled with Pleistocene sand Gd-DTPA is reduced by 16% only within one month time by transmetallation. → Artificial bank filtration is not very effective in reducing Gd-DTPA in infiltrating water. - Abstract: The behavior of Gd-DTPA during bank filtration was simulated in a 30 m column filled with Pleistocene sand and flushed by surface water from a lakeside in Berlin, Germany. The surface water is about a 1:1 mixture of river water and effluents from a sewage treatment plant. Throughout 34 days this water was continuously spiked with Gd-DTPA at a level of 60 μg/L. The broad plateau of the Gd-DTPA pulse declined by 15.4% within 34 days by transmetallation. Nine percentage of the total decline is caused by Y and rare earth elements; the remaining part is attributed to Cu 2+ which is the most influential metal in surface water. All other metals also contributing to transmetallation are combined with Cu to Cu equivalents because only the rate constant of transmetallation of Cu 2+ is known. The analytical results of the column effluents prove the pseudo-first-order kinetics of transmetallation based on reversible sorption of metals by pools in the column sediment and disprove biodegradation at noticeable levels. The mass ratio of water to tracer is 10 .

Behavior of Gd-DTPA in simulated bank filtration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moeller, Peter, E-mail: pemoe@gfz-potsdam.de [Freie Universitaet Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, AB Hydrogeologie, 12249 Berlin (Germany)] [Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam (Germany); Knappe, Andrea [Freie Universitaet Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, AB Hydrogeologie, 12249 Berlin (Germany); Dulski, Peter [Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam (Germany); Pekdeger, Asaf [Freie Universitaet Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, AB Hydrogeologie, 12249 Berlin (Germany)

2011-01-15

Research highlights: {yields} Gd-DTPA and similar products are common pollutants in surface and groundwater and prove to be a reliable monitor for mixing of groundwater with surface water loaded with effluents from sewage treatment plants. {yields} Within a 30 m column filled with Pleistocene sand Gd-DTPA is reduced by 16% only within one month time by transmetallation. {yields} Artificial bank filtration is not very effective in reducing Gd-DTPA in infiltrating water. - Abstract: The behavior of Gd-DTPA during bank filtration was simulated in a 30 m column filled with Pleistocene sand and flushed by surface water from a lakeside in Berlin, Germany. The surface water is about a 1:1 mixture of river water and effluents from a sewage treatment plant. Throughout 34 days this water was continuously spiked with Gd-DTPA at a level of 60 {mu}g/L. The broad plateau of the Gd-DTPA pulse declined by 15.4% within 34 days by transmetallation. Nine percentage of the total decline is caused by Y and rare earth elements; the remaining part is attributed to Cu{sup 2+} which is the most influential metal in surface water. All other metals also contributing to transmetallation are combined with Cu to Cu equivalents because only the rate constant of transmetallation of Cu{sup 2+} is known. The analytical results of the column effluents prove the pseudo-first-order kinetics of transmetallation based on reversible sorption of metals by pools in the column sediment and disprove biodegradation at noticeable levels. The mass ratio of water to tracer is <10{sup 10}.

Theranostic Gd(III)-lipid microbubbles for MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Feshitan, Jameel A; Vlachos, Fotis; Sirsi, Shashank R; Konofagou, Elisa E; Borden, Mark A

2012-01-01

We have synthesized a biomaterial consisting of Gd(III) ions chelated to lipid-coated, size-selected microbubbles for utility in both magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging. The macrocyclic ligand DOTA-NHS was bound to PE headgroups on the lipid shell of pre-synthesized microbubbles. Gd(III) was then chelated to DOTA on the microbubble shell. The reaction temperature was optimized to increase the rate of Gd(III) chelation while maintaining microbubble stability. ICP-OES analysis of the microbubbles determined a surface density of 7.5 × 10(5) ± 3.0 × 10(5) Gd(III)/μm(2) after chelation at 50 °C. The Gd(III)-bound microbubbles were found to be echogenic in vivo during high-frequency ultrasound imaging of the mouse kidney. The Gd(III)-bound microbubbles also were characterized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 9.4 T by a spin-echo technique and, surprisingly, both the longitudinal and transverse proton relaxation rates were found to be roughly equal to that of no-Gd(III) control microbubbles and saline. However, the relaxation rates increased significantly, and in a dose-dependent manner, after sonication was used to fragment the Gd(III)-bound microbubbles into non-gas-containing lipid bilayer remnants. The longitudinal (r(1)) and transverse (r(2)) molar relaxivities were 4.0 ± 0.4 and 120 ± 18 mM(-1)s(-1), respectively, based on Gd(III) content. The Gd(III)-bound microbubbles may find application in the measurement of cavitation events during MRI-guided focused ultrasound therapy and to track the biodistribution of shell remnants. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Apparent molar heat capacities and apparent molar volumes of Pr(ClO{sub 4}){sub 3}(aq), Gd(ClO{sub 4}){sub 3}(aq), Ho(ClO{sub 4}){sub 3}(aq), and Tm(ClO{sub 4}){sub 3}(aq) at T=(288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p=0.1 MPa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hakin, Andrew W. E-mail: hakin@uleth.ca; Lian Liu, Jin; Erickson, Kristy; Munoz, Julie-Vanessa

2004-09-01

Acidified aqueous solutions of Pr(ClO{sub 4}){sub 3}(aq), Gd(ClO{sub 4}){sub 3}(aq), Ho(ClO{sub 4}){sub 3}(aq), and Tm(ClO{sub 4}){sub 3}(aq) were prepared from the corresponding oxides by dissolution in dilute perchloric acid. Once characterized with respect to trivalent metal cation and acid content, the relative densities of the solutions were measured at T=(288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p=0.1 MPa using a Sodev O2D vibrating tube densimeter. The relative massic heat capacities of the aqueous systems were also determined, under the same temperature and pressure conditions, using a Picker Flow Microcalorimeter. All measurements were made on solutions containing rare earth salt in the concentration range 0.01 {<=} m/(mol {center_dot} kg{sup -1}) {<=} 0.2. Relative densities and relative massic heat capacities were used to calculate the apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities of the acidified salt solutions from which the apparent molar properties of the aqueous salt solutions were extracted by the application of Young's Rule. The concentration dependences of the isothermal apparent molar volumes and heat capacities of each aqueous salt solution were modelled using Pitzer ion-interaction equations. These models produced estimates of apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities at infinite dilution for each set of isothermal V{sub phi,2} and C{sub pphi,2} values. In addition, the temperature and concentration dependences of the apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities of the aqueous rare earth perchlorate salt solutions were modelled using modified Pitzer ion-interaction equations. The latter equations utilized the Helgeson, Kirkham, and Flowers equations of state to model the temperature dependences (at p=0.1 MPa) of apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities at infinite dilution. The results of the latter models were compared to those previously published in the literature. Apparent

Enhanced room temperature multiferroicity in Gd doped BFO

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Pradhan, SK

2009-01-01

Full Text Available deficient Gd doped multiferroic BFO system. At particular doping level of Gd, this bulk ceramics showed spectacular M~H behavior at room temperature which is likely to open a new avenue for the potential applications in information storing technology as well...

Magnetic transition in Co/(Gd-Co) multilayers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Svalov, A.V.; Fernandez, A.; Barandiaran, J.M.; Vas'kovskiy, V.O.; Orue, I.; Tejedor, M.; Kurlyandskaya, G.V.

2008-01-01

[Co/Gd 0.36 Co 0.64 ] 4 /Co multilayers with Co termination layer have been prepared by rf sputtering. They form macroscopic ferrimagnets with a compensation temperature (T comp ) determined by the thickness ratio of the layers. In low fields the magnetization of Co and Gd-Co layers are along the axis of the applied field. Increasing field makes the moments of both the Co and Gd-Co layers deviate from the axis of the field giving rise to a transition into a twisted state. These magnetic transitions were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), magneto-optic Kerr effect and magnetoresistance measurements at various temperatures. The nucleation and evolution of surface- and bulk-twisted magnetic states were also observed in these multilayers

Simulations of Lithium-Based Neutron Coincidence Counter for Gd-Loaded Fuel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cowles, Christian C. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Kouzes, Richard T. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Siciliano, Edward R. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

2014-10-01

The Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Safeguards and Security (NA-241) is supporting the project Lithium-Based Alternative Neutron Detection Technology Coincidence Counting for Gd-loaded Fuels at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the development of a lithium-based neutron coincidence counter for nondestructively assaying Gd loaded nuclear fuel. This report provides results from MCNP simulations of a lithium-based coincidence counter for the possible measurement of Gd-loaded nuclear fuel. A comparison of lithium-based simulations and UNCL-II simulations with and without Gd loaded fuel is provided. A lithium-based model, referred to as PLNS3A-R1, showed strong promise for assaying Gd loaded fuel.

A novel, "double-clamp" binding mode for human heme oxygenase-1 inhibition.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mona N Rahman

Full Text Available The development of heme oxygenase (HO inhibitors is critical in dissecting and understanding the HO system and for potential therapeutic applications. We have established a program to design and optimize HO inhibitors using structure-activity relationships in conjunction with X-ray crystallographic analyses. One of our previous complex crystal structures revealed a putative secondary hydrophobic binding pocket which could be exploited for a new design strategy by introducing a functional group that would fit into this potential site. To test this hypothesis and gain further insights into the structural basis of inhibitor binding, we have synthesized and characterized 1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-4,4-diphenyl-2-butanone (QC-308. Using a carbon monoxide (CO formation assay on rat spleen microsomes, the compound was found to be ∼15 times more potent (IC(50 = 0.27±0.07 µM than its monophenyl analogue, which is already a potent compound in its own right (QC-65; IC(50 = 4.0±1.8 µM. The crystal structure of hHO-1 with QC-308 revealed that the second phenyl group in the western region of the compound is indeed accommodated by a definitive secondary proximal hydrophobic pocket. Thus, the two phenyl moieties are each stabilized by distinct hydrophobic pockets. This "double-clamp" binding offers additional inhibitor stabilization and provides a new route for improvement of human heme oxygenase inhibitors.

A novel, "double-clamp" binding mode for human heme oxygenase-1 inhibition.

Science.gov (United States)

Rahman, Mona N; Vlahakis, Jason Z; Vukomanovic, Dragic; Lee, Wallace; Szarek, Walter A; Nakatsu, Kanji; Jia, Zongchao

2012-01-01

The development of heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitors is critical in dissecting and understanding the HO system and for potential therapeutic applications. We have established a program to design and optimize HO inhibitors using structure-activity relationships in conjunction with X-ray crystallographic analyses. One of our previous complex crystal structures revealed a putative secondary hydrophobic binding pocket which could be exploited for a new design strategy by introducing a functional group that would fit into this potential site. To test this hypothesis and gain further insights into the structural basis of inhibitor binding, we have synthesized and characterized 1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4,4-diphenyl-2-butanone (QC-308). Using a carbon monoxide (CO) formation assay on rat spleen microsomes, the compound was found to be ∼15 times more potent (IC(50) = 0.27±0.07 µM) than its monophenyl analogue, which is already a potent compound in its own right (QC-65; IC(50) = 4.0±1.8 µM). The crystal structure of hHO-1 with QC-308 revealed that the second phenyl group in the western region of the compound is indeed accommodated by a definitive secondary proximal hydrophobic pocket. Thus, the two phenyl moieties are each stabilized by distinct hydrophobic pockets. This "double-clamp" binding offers additional inhibitor stabilization and provides a new route for improvement of human heme oxygenase inhibitors.

Characterization of InGaGdN layers prepared by molecular beam epitaxy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tawil, Siti Nooraya Mohd [Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihagaoka, Ibaraki, 567-0047 Osaka (Japan); Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tun Hussein Onn University of Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat Johor (Malaysia); Kakimi, Rina; Krishnamurthy, Daivasigamani; Emura, Shuichi; Tambo, Hiroyuki; Hasegawa, Shigehiko; Asahi, Hajime [Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihagaoka, Ibaraki, 567-0047 Osaka (Japan)

2010-11-15

Gd-doped InGaN layers were prepared by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy in search of new functional diluted magnetic semiconductors for their potential use in spintronics. The local structure around the Gd atoms was examined by the Gd L{sub III}-edge of X-ray absorption fine structure. It was found that the majority of Gd atoms substitutionally occupied the cation sites in the InGaGdN layers. Clear hysteresis and saturation magnetization were observed from the magnetization versus field curves examined by means of a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer at low and room temperatures. In addition, the incorporation of extra shallow donors by co-doping InGaN with both Gd and Si showed higher magnetization than the undoped InGaGdN. (copyright 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Gd(III)-DOTA-modified sonosensitive liposomes for ultrasound-triggered release and MR imaging

Science.gov (United States)

Jung, Suk Hyun; Na, Kyunga; Lee, Seul A.; Cho, Sun Hang; Seong, Hasoo; Shin, Byung Cheol

2012-08-01

Ultrasound-sensitive (sonosensitive) liposomes for tumor targeting have been studied in order to increase the antitumor efficacy of drugs and decrease the associated severe side effects. Liposomal contrast agents having Gd(III) are known as a nano-contrast agent system for the efficient and selective delivery of contrast agents into pathological sites. The objective of this study was to prepare Gd(III)-DOTA-modified sonosensitive liposomes (GdSL), which could deliver a model drug, doxorubicin (DOX), to a specific site and, at the same time, be capable of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The GdSL was prepared using synthesized Gd(III)-DOTA-1,2-distearoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine lipid. Sonosensitivity of GdSL to 20-kHz ultrasound induced 33% to 40% of DOX release. The relaxivities ( r 1) of GdSL were 6.6 to 7.8 mM-1 s-1, which were higher than that of MR-bester®. Intracellular uptake properties of GdSL were evaluated according to the intensity of ultrasound. Intracellular uptake of DOX for ultrasound-triggered GdSL was higher than that for non-ultrasound-triggered GdSL. The results of our study suggest that the paramagnetic and sonosensitive liposomes, GdSL, may provide a versatile platform for molecular imaging and targeted drug delivery.

Isolation of {sup 163}Ho from dysprosium target material by HPLC for neutrino mass measurements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mocko, Veronika; Taylor, Wayne A.; Nortier, Francois M.; Engle, Jonathan W.; Pollington, Anthony D.; Kunde, Gerd J.; Rabin, Michael W.; Birnbaum, Eva R. [Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (United States). Chemistry Div.; Barnhart, Todd E.; Nickles, Robert J. [Univ. Wisconsinn, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Medical Physics

2015-07-01

The rare earth isotope {sup 163}Ho is of interest for neutrino mass measurements. This report describes the isolation of {sup 163}Ho from a proton-irradiated dysprosium target and its purification. A Dy metal target was irradiated with 16 MeV protons for 10 h. After target dissolution, {sup 163}Ho was separated from the bulk Dy via cation-exchange high performance liquid chromatography using 70 mmol dm{sup -3} α-hydroxyisobutyric acid as the mobile phase. Subsequent purification of the collected Ho fraction was performed to remove the α-hydroxyisobutyrate chelating agent and to concentrate the Ho in a low ionic strength aqueous matrix. The final solution was characterized by MC-ICP-MS to determine the {sup 163}Ho/{sup 165}Ho ratio, {sup 163}Ho and the residual Dy content. The HPLC purification process resulted in a decontamination factor 1.4 x 10{sup 5} for Dy. The isolated Ho fraction contained 24.8 ± 1.3 ng of {sup 163}Ho corresponding to holmium recovery of 72 ± 3%.

Neutron scattering study on R{sub 2}PdSi{sub 3} (R=Ho,Er,Tm) compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tang, Fei

2010-12-14

Previous studies on the family of inter-metallic rare-earth compounds R{sub 2}PdSi{sub 3} revealed multifaceted magnetic properties, for instance, spin-glass like behavior. Experimental observations include: Signs of a crystallographic superstructure, complicated magnetic structures both in zero field and in applied magnetic fields as well as a generic phase in applied fields for compounds in the series with the heavy rare-earths R=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm. This thesis expands the studies on the magnetic properties of R{sub 2}PdSi{sub 3} employing mainly neutron scattering on single crystals with the focus on the compounds with R=Ho, Er and Tm. A detailed analysis of the crystallographic superstructure using modulation wave approach and group theory is presented. The resulting structure implies the existence of two different rare-earth sites with reduced symmetry and an arrangement of the different sites according to sequences as determined by the superstructure. It is shown that the reduced symmetry of the rare-earth sites is explicitly observed in the energy spectra of inelastic neutron scattering. The results on the magnetic structures and excitations are shown and discussed in the framework of the superstructure model. Specifically the generic phase in applied fields is interpreted as a direct consequence of the crystallographic superstructure. It is rather unusual that a crystallographic superstructure is playing such a decisive, and through the field dependence also tunable role in determining the magnetic properties as observed in R{sub 2}PdSi{sub 3}. The mediating interactions between the crystallographic part and the magnetic part of the system are discussed. (orig.)

Superconductivity and magnetism in Ir-doped GdFeAsO

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cui, Y.J.; Chen, Y.L.; Cheng, C.H.; Yang, Y.; Jiang, J.; Wang, Y.Z.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, Y.

2010-01-01

The 5d-transition metal, Ir has successfully been doped at Fe site and induced superconductivity in GdFeAsO at T c = 18.9 K and ∼20 atom%. The Ir-doping shortened the c-axis length and stretched the a-axis one, which led to enhance the coupling between the FeAs- and SmO-layer, and to weaken the bonding between Fe and As atom. Paramagnetism was observed in all of the samples, which was resulted from the magnetic Gd ion as in the F-doped GdFeAsO. An upper critical field of GdFe 0.8 Ir 0.2 AsO was extrapolated to around 24 T, much smaller than that of F-doped GdFeAsO owing to a relatively low T c and small value of dH c2 /dT.

Thermodynamic assessments of the Ag-Gd and Ag-Nd systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, S.L.; Wang, C.P.; Liu, X.J.; Ishida, K.

2009-01-01

The phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties in the Ag-Re (Re: Gd, Nd) binary systems have been assessed by using the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) method on the basis of the experimental data including the thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria. The Gibbs free energies of the liquid, bcc, fcc, dhcp and hcp phases were described by the subregular solution model with the Redlich-Kister equation, and those of the intermetallic compounds (Ag 51 Gd 14 , Ag 2 Gd, AgGd, Ag 51 Nd 14 , αAg 2 Nd, βAg 2 Nd and AgNd phases) in these two binary systems were described by the sublattice model. The thermodynamic parameters of each phase in the Ag-Re (Re: Gd, Nd) binary systems were obtained, and an agreement between the calculated results and experimental data was obtained in each binary system.

The isothermal section at 500 deg. C of the Gd-Tb-Ga ternary system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, J.Q.; Jian, Y.X.; Ao, W.Q.; Zhuang, Y.H.; He, W.

2006-01-01

Phase equilibria in the Gd-Tb-Ga ternary system at 500 deg. C were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The binary compounds, Gd 5 Ga 3 , Gd 3 Ga 2 , GdGa, GdGa 2 , Tb 5 Ga 3 , TbGa, TbGa 2 and TbGa 3 have been confirmed at 500 deg. C. No ternary compound was found in this system. The isothermal section of this system at 500 deg. C was constructed. It is composed of 7 single-phase regions, 8 two-phase regions and 2 three-phase regions. Four ternary continuous solid solutions (Gd, Tb), (Gd, Tb) 5 Ga 3 , (Gd, Tb)Ga, (Gd, Tb)Ga 2 were formed in this isothermal section. The maximum solid solubilities of Ga in (Gd, Tb) at 500 deg. C is 5.0 at.%. The homogeneity range of (Gd, Tb)Ga 2 is from 20 to 33.3 at.% Ga in Gd-Ga side but limited in Tb-Ga side. The solid solubilities of Ga in the other phases cannot be detected. The Curie temperatures of the Gd 0.6 Tb 0.4-x Ga x alloys increase from 270 to 298 K as x increases from 0 to 0.03

FAGE measurements of tropospheric HO with measurements and model of interferences

Science.gov (United States)

Hard, T. M.; Mehrabzadeh, A. A.; Chan, C. Y.; O'Brien, R. J.

1992-01-01

Ambient HO measurements by low-pressure laser-excited fluorescence with chemical modulation, and supporting ozone and water-vapor data, are presented for periods in May and August 1987. The observed peak daytime ambient HO concentrations are in the range (2.5 to 8) x 10 exp 6 molecules/cu cm and show small negative offsets due to photochemical interference. Direct measurements of the interference at fixed (O3) give the dependence on ambient (H2O) and on the modulating reagent (isobutane). At ambient (O3) = 30 ppb and 10 torr H2O, with excitation and detection at a total pressure of 4 torr, the net interference is equal to (HO) = -1.3 x 10 exp 6 molecules/cu cm. Production of HO by the reaction of isobutane with O(1D) accounts for the negative interference. Quenching of HO fluorescence by the modulating reagent contributes a smaller positive term to the interference; kinetic measurements of the quenching rate coefficient are reported. The experimental interference results are compared with a detailed kinetic model of HO production, excitation, relaxation, and detection; reasonable agreement is found.

Charge compensation mechanisms in U{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x}O{sub 2} and Th{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x}O{sub 2-x/2} studied by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bès, R., E-mail: rene.bes@aalto.fi [Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto (Finland); Pakarinen, J.; Baena, A. [Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK-CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol (Belgium); Conradson, S. [Synchrotron SOLEIL, Ligne de Lumière MARS, L' Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France); Verwerft, M. [Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK-CEN), Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol (Belgium); Tuomisto, F. [Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto (Finland)

2017-06-15

The charge compensation mechanisms in U{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x}O{sub 2} and Th{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x}O{sub 2-x/2} have been systematically studied using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) upon gradually increasing the Gd content. Gd doped nuclear fuels are widely used for optimizing the fresh core neutronics, yet when Gd{sup 3+} is substituted into U{sup 4+} or Th{sup 4+} lattice position in UO{sub 2} or ThO{sub 2}, respectively, charge must be compensated for charge neutrality. In U{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x}O{sub 2} the general hypothesis has been that the U{sup 4+} will oxidise to U{sup 5+}/U{sup 6+} while in Th{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x}O{sub 2-x/2} the fixed Th{sup 4+} valence requires generation of O vacancies. Our XAS results for a series of technologically relevant Gd contents (x = 0.04 to 0.14) in U{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x}O{sub 2} clearly demonstrate that upon increasing the Gd content U{sup 5+} is formed inducing slight increase in the U coordination number and contraction for the U-O distances while the Gd local environment remains virtually unchanged. For the Th{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x}O{sub 2-x/2} larger Gd fractions were applied (x = 0.10 to 0.34). Nonetheless, both Gd and Th local environments show changes upon increasing the Gd content; the average Gd-O and Th-O distances decrease gradually and the Gd and Th coordination numbers follow the expected trend considering the O vacancy formation to obtain charge neutrality. Finally, comparison to Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} allowed us to propose that one of the Gd L{sub 3}-edge XANES resonance features is directly connected to the generation of O vacancies.

Positron annihilation study on the superconductivity of Gd-doped YBCO system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Zhenping; Su Yuling; Xue Yuncai; Liu Haizeng; Gong Shicheng; Zhao Jingxun; Li Xigui

2006-01-01

To make clear the influence of magnetic rare-earth ion Gd 3+ doping in the Y site on crystal structure and localized electron structure of YBCO system, the Gd-doped Y 1-x Gd x Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (x=0-1.0) systems were studied systematically by the positron annihilation technique and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD analysis reveals that Gd 3+ with bigger radius doping in Y site makes the crystal parameters and crystal volume increase, while all the samples remain the single orthorhombic phase as YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) system does. The temperature dependence of resistance measurement shows that T c is above 90 K for all samples, and T c increases with increasing Gd 3+ content. The positron experiment indicates that the localized electronic density n e decreases with increasing Gd 3+ content. (authors)

MR cisternography after intrathecal Gd-DTPA application

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reiche, Werner; Komenda, Yvonne; Steudel, Wolf-Ingo; Schick, Bernhard; Grunwald, Iris; Reith, Wolfgang

2002-01-01

The purpose of this study was to establish and to evaluate MR cisternography after intrathecal Gd-DTPA administration to detect rhinobasal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae in patients with suspected CSF rhinorrhoea. Ten patients with suspected CSF rhinorrhoea were examined. The MR cisternography included the following investigation steps: acquisition of nonenhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) scans of the skull base and the paranasal sinuses, lumbar puncture with administration of 1 ml Gd-DTPA solute with 4 ml NaCl and performance of MR cisternography with the same fat-suppressed T1-weighted sequences as used initially. In 10 patients with suspected CSF rhinorrhoea Gd-DTPA enhanced MR cisternography detected 5 CSF fistulae. In 3 of 5 CSF leaks were located in the cribriform plate and in 2 of 5 sphenoidal. Whereas 4 of these depicted leaks were confirmed surgically, in 1 case the CSF fistula closed spontaneously. In another case, CSF leakage after severe head injury was clinically highly suspected but ceased prior to MR cisternography with inability to detect the temporary fistula. In the remaining 4 patients with serous rhinorrhoea MR cisternography did not provide any evidences for CSF fistulae. Intrathecal Gd-DTPA injection was tolerated excellently. Clinical and EEG examinations showed no gross behavioural or neurological disturbances and no seizure activity, respectively. The MR cisternography after intrathecal administration of Gd-DTPA represents a safe, promising and minimally invasive method for detection of CSF fistulae. This MR investigation provides excellent depiction of CSF spaces and pinpoints CSF fistulae. (orig.)

Marketingový mix výrobního družstva IRISA

OpenAIRE

Nguyen, Anh Duc

2016-01-01

Tato bakalářská práce je zaměřena marketing a konkrétně na marketingový mix produktů. V teoretické části vysvětlím základní pojmy marketingu a marketingového mixu. V analytické části provedu analýzy marketingového mixu vybraného podniku. V návrhové části sestavím návrhy na změny současného marketingového mixu. This thesis is focused specifically on marketing and marketing mix of products. The theoretical part explains the basic concepts of marketing and marketing mix. The analytical part w...

Polarized neutron capture in polarized 59Co and 165Ho nuclei

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bosman, J.J.

1976-01-01

Gamma spectroscopy on the reactions 59 Co(n,γ) 60 Co and 165 Ho(n,γ) 166 Ho with polarized neutrons and polarized targets enabled the assignment of spins to 36 levels in 60 Co and 15 levels in 166 Ho. Several of them had not been reported earlier. The techniques used to polarize neutron beams and targets and the gamma-spectroscopy are extensively discussed

Usefulness of fat-suppressed Gd-enhanced MR imaging of tongue cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Murakami, Shumei; Fuchihata, Hajime; Yoon, Sukja; Furukawa, Souhei; Kawai, Tadahiko; Kishino, Mitsunobu

1999-01-01

To evaluate the usefulness of the fat suppression technique for magnetic resonance imaging of oral tongue cancer. One hundred and fourteen patients underwent both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). All patients were clinically diagnosed as having oral tongue cancer shown to be squamous cell carcinoma histopathologically. We used two types of CT and six types of MRI scanning: plain CT, contrast enhanced CT, conventional T1w, conventional PDw, conventional T2w, fat-suppressed (FATS) T1w, Gd-enhanced conventional T1w, and Gd-enhanced FATS T1w images. The focus of our study was Gd-enhanced FATS T1w imaging. Tumor detection rates were as follows: Gd-enhanced FATS T1w MRI, 86.8%; conventional T2w MRI, 71.9%; conventional PDw MRI, 65.8%; Gd-enhanced conventional T1w MRI, 47.4%; contrast enhanced CT, 36.8%; T1w MRI, 20.2%; CT, 10.5%. There were 59 cases in which tumors were detected by Gd-enhanced FATS T1w MRI but not detected by contrast enhanced CT. Gd-enhanced FATS T1w MRI was the best for the tumor detection and Gd-enhanced conventional T1w MRI was not useful in the diagnosis of the tongue cancer. CT imaging must not be the first choice for tumor detection in tongue cancer patients. (author)

Gd-DTPA-enhanced dynamic MR imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frank, J.A.; Choyke, P.L.; Carvlin, M.; Inscoe, S.; Austin, H.; Dwyer, A.J.; Girton, M.; Black, J.

1988-01-01

This paper describes dynamic enhanced renal MR imaging, a new method of identifying specific derangements in renal function. Various diuretics were employed in 45 animal experiments to demonstrate the effects on the normal renal enhancement pattern (EP) after Gd-DTPA. Since different diuretics, osmotic (O), carbonic anhydrase (CA), and loop (L), are active at different sites, specific EP alterations are observed. Imaging was performed with 32 5.1-second sequential gradient recalled acquisition in a steady state images following a bolus of Gd-DTPA

Synergistic effect of Al and Gd on enhancement of mechanical properties of magnesium alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bita Pourbahari

2017-04-01

Full Text Available The effect of Gd/Al ratio on the properties of as-cast Mg-Gd-Al-Zn alloys was investigated by changing the chemical composition from that of AZ61 to GZ61. At the ratio of 1, the Al2Gd phase becomes predominant and Mg17Al12 is hardly seen in the microstructure. As a potent inoculant, the Al2Gd phase resulted in intense grain refinement and enhancement of strength, ductility and toughness. For instance, the tensile strength and elongation to failure of Mg-3Gd-3Al-1Zn alloy were enhanced by ~4% and 180% compared with those of AZ61 alloy, respectively. However, at high Gd/Al ratios, the Al2Gd phase was replaced by (Mg,Al3Gd and Mg5Gd phases and very large grain sizes were achieved, which led to poor tensile properties and the appearance of cleavage facets on the fracture surfaces. Therefore, it can be deduced that the presence of Gd and Al, in appropriate amounts to reach Gd/Al ratio of ~ 1, is required for the achievement of grain refinement, good ductility, high strength, and the appearance of ductile fracture surfaces in the Mg-Gd-Al-Zn system. Conclusively, the Mg-Gd-Al-Zn alloys can be considered as a new class of structural magnesium alloy and it is superior to both AZ (Mg-Al-Zn and GZ (Mg-Gd-Zn series of alloys.

Structural phase transitions at high-temperature in double perovskite Sr{sub 2}GdRuO{sub 6}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Triana, C.A.; Corredor, L.T.; Landinez Tellez, D.A. [Grupo de Fisica de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, A.A. 14490, Bogota D.C (Colombia); Roa-Rojas, J., E-mail: jroar@unal.edu.co [Grupo de Fisica de Nuevos Materiales, Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, A.A. 14490, Bogota D.C (Colombia)

2012-08-15

The crystal structure evolution of the Sr{sub 2}GdRuO{sub 6} complex perovskite at high-temperature has been investigated over a wide temperature range between 298 K{<=}T{<=}1273 K. Powder X-ray diffraction measurements at room temperature and Rietveld analysis show that this compounds crystallizes in a monoclinic perovskite-type structure with P2{sub 1}/n (no. 14) space group and the 1:1 ordered arrangement of Ru{sup 5+} and Gd{sup 3+} cations over the six-coordinate M sites, with lattice parameters a=5.81032(8) A, b=5.82341(4) A, c=8.21939(7) A, V=278.11(6) A{sup 3} and angle {beta}=90.311(2){sup o}. The high-temperature analysis shows that this material suffers two-phase transitions. At 373 K it adopts a monoclinic perovskite structure with I2/m space group, and lattice parameters a=5.81383(2) A, b=5.82526(4) A, c=8.22486(1) A, V=278.56(2) A{sup 3} and angle {beta}=90.28(2){sup o}. Above of 773 K, it suffers a phase transition from monoclinic I2/m to tetragonal I4/m, with lattice parameters a=5.84779(1) A, c=8.27261(1) A, V=282.89(5) A{sup 3} and angle {beta}=90.02(9){sup o}. The high-temperature phase transition from monoclinic I2/m to tetragonal I4/m is characterized by strongly anisotropic displacements of the anions.

Superconductivity and magnetism in Ir-doped GdFeAsO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cui, Y.J.; Chen, Y.L. [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation and Maglev Trains (Ministry of Education of China), Superconductivity R and D Center (SRDC), Mail Stop 165, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Cheng, C.H. [School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 NSW (Australia); Yang, Y.; Jiang, J.; Wang, Y.Z.; Zhang, Y. [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation and Maglev Trains (Ministry of Education of China), Superconductivity R and D Center (SRDC), Mail Stop 165, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); Zhao, Y., E-mail: yzhao@swjtu.edu.c [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation and Maglev Trains (Ministry of Education of China), Superconductivity R and D Center (SRDC), Mail Stop 165, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031 (China); School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052 NSW (Australia)

2010-11-01

The 5d-transition metal, Ir has successfully been doped at Fe site and induced superconductivity in GdFeAsO at T{sub c} = 18.9 K and {approx}20 atom%. The Ir-doping shortened the c-axis length and stretched the a-axis one, which led to enhance the coupling between the FeAs- and SmO-layer, and to weaken the bonding between Fe and As atom. Paramagnetism was observed in all of the samples, which was resulted from the magnetic Gd ion as in the F-doped GdFeAsO. An upper critical field of GdFe{sub 0.8}Ir{sub 0.2}AsO was extrapolated to around 24 T, much smaller than that of F-doped GdFeAsO owing to a relatively low T{sub c} and small value of dH{sub c2}/dT.

Fine Structure in Proton Emission from the Deformed 141g.sHo and 141mHo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karny, M.; Rykaczewski, Krzysztof Piotr; Grzywacz, R.; Batchelder, J.C.; Bingham, C.R.; Goodin, C. T.; Gross, Carl J.; Hamilton, J.H.; Korgul, A.; Krolas, W.; Liddick, S. N.; Li, K.; Maier, Karl; Mazzocchi, C.; Piechaczek, A.; Shapira, Dan; Simpson, D.; Tantawy, M.N.; Winger, J.A.; Yu, Chang-Hong; Zganjar, E. F.

2007-01-01

Fine structure in proton emission from the deformed states 141g.s Ho (T 1/2 = 4.1 ms) and 141 mHo (T 1/2 = 7.4 (micro)s) has been discovered at Oak Ridge by detecting fusion evaporation residues with the Recoil Mass Spectrometer, Si-detectors and digital signal processing electronics. The branching ratios to the first 2 + excited state in 140 Dy were measured to be I p g.s. (2 + ) = 0.9±0.1% and I p m (2 + ) = 1.7±0.5%. A comparison of the available calculations to the experimental values calls for further development of the theoretical models

Influences of Gd on the microstructure and strength of Mg-4.5Zn alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Jie; Xiao Wenlong; Wang Lidong; Wu Yaoming; Wang Limin; Zhang Hongjie

2008-01-01

Microstructure and mechanical properties of peak-aged Mg-4.5Zn-xGd (x 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%) alloys have been investigated. The results showed that the grain size of the alloys was refined gradually with increasing Gd. Mg 5 Gd and Mg 3 Gd 2 Zn 3 phases were found in the Gd-containing alloys. The strengths were greatly improved with Gd additions, and the highest strength level was obtained in the Mg-4.5Zn-1.5Gd alloy, in which the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were 231 MPa and 113 MPa, respectively. Through comparing with the Mg-4.5Zn alloy, the increments of ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were 22 MPa and 56 MPa, respectively. The improved strength was mainly correlated to the grain refining effect, the strengthening effect of the Mg 5 Gd and Mg 3 Gd 2 Zn 3 phases and also the hardening effect of the solutioned Gd atoms

Structure evolution and magnetic properties of annealed nanoscale Gd/Ti multilayers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Larrañaga A.

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The structure and magnetic properties were comparatively analyzed for [Gd/Ti]n multilayers with Gd layer thickness of 1.5 to 12 nm. Multilayers were deposited by sputtering technique at room temperature and annealed for the temperatures up to 400 ºC. It was observed that the samples are highly textured in a different way depending on the Gd layer thickness and annealing temperature. It was found that the heat treatment practically does not change the Gd grain size. The lattice parameters obtained from X-ray results change significantly only for [Gd(1.5nm/Ti]50 multilayers, but their values remain higher than for the bulk Gd. The initial slope of the temperature dependence of magnetization near Curie temperature becomes steeper and Curie temperature increases upon annealing. Curie temperature variation can be understood by taking into account both relaxation of the lattice imperfections and change in lattice constants.

Insights into the photochemical transformation pathways of triclosan and 2′-HO-BDE-28

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Ya-nan; Xie, Qing; Chen, Jingwen, E-mail: jwchen@dlut.edu.cn; Li, Yingjie; Fu, Zhiqiang

2015-12-30

Highlights: • Direct photolysis of anionic HO-PXDEs occurs through excited singlet states. • Dioxin products are formed from excited singlet states of HO-PXDEs. • Self-sensitized photolysis is involved in the phototransformation of HO-PXDEs. • {sup 1} O{sub 2} and ·OH can be generated in energy or electron transfer reactions between excited HO-PXDEs and dissolved O{sub 2}. - Abstract: Hydroxylated polyhalogenated diphenyl ethers (HO-PXDEs) have been recognized as a group of widely detected emerging contaminants in natural waters. Photolysis was proved to be an important transformation pathway for these compounds and their direct phototransformation results in highly toxic dioxins. However, the roles of excited states and reactive oxygen species in the photochemical transformation of these compounds are still unclear. In this study, 2′-HO-2,4,4′-trichlorodiphenyl ether (triclosan) and 2′-HO-2,4,4′-tribromodiphenyl ether (2′-HO-BDE-28) were selected as model compounds to investigate their phototransformation processes. Results showed that the direct photolysis reactions of both triclosan and 2′-HO-BDE-28 occurred via their respective excited singlet states, leading to the generation of dioxins. In addition, the energy and electron transfer reactions between excited states of model compounds and molecular O{sub 2} can lead to the generation of {sup 1}O{sub 2} and ·OH, which results in self-sensitized photolysis. We also found that both the k, Φ dioxin yield for anionic triclosan were higher than those of anionic 2′-HO-BDE-28. This study revealed the roles of the excited states in direct photolysis and the generation pathway of reactive oxygen species in self-sensitized photolysis of HO-PXDEs, which is important for understanding the phototransformation mechanisms of HO-PXDEs.

Stability constants and thermodynamic parameters of trivalent gadolinium, yttrium, terbium, dysprosium and holmium complexes with 2-(p-sulphophenylazo) 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene 3,6 disulphonic acid (trisodium salt)[SPADNS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dubey, S.N.; Nagpal, S.; Kalra, H.L.; Puri, D.M.

1980-01-01

The stepwise stability constants of Gd(III), Y(III), Tb(III), Dy(III) and Ho(III) complexes with SPADNS have been determined potentiometrically in aqueous solution using Bjerrum-Calvin technique as modified by Irving and Rossotti at different temperatures (20deg and 40deg) and 0.1 M ionic strength (NaClO 4 ). The trend in the stability of these metal complexes has been found to be: Ho(III) > Dy(III) > Tb(III) > Y(III) > Gd(III). The overall changes in ΔGdeg, ΔHdeg and ΔSdeg accompanying the complex formation have also been determined. (author)

Stability constants and thermodynamic parameters of trivalent gadolinium, yttrium, terbium, dysprosium and holmium complexes with 2-(p-sulphophenylazo) 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene 3,6 disulphonic acid (trisodium salt)(SPADNS)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dubey, S.N.; Nagpal, S.; Kalra, H.L.; Puri, D.M. (Kurukshetra Univ. (India). Dept. of Chemistry)

1980-10-01

The stepwise stability constants of Gd(III), Y(III), Tb(III), Dy(III) and Ho(III) complexes with SPADNS have been determined potentiometrically in aqueous solution using Bjerrum-Calvin technique as modified by Irving and Rossotti at different temperatures (20deg and 40deg) and 0.1 M ionic strength (NaClO/sub 4/). The trend in the stability of these metal complexes has been found to be: Ho(III) > Dy(III) > Tb(III) > Y(III) > Gd(III). The overall changes in ..delta..Gdeg, ..delta..Hdeg and ..delta..Sdeg accompanying the complex formation have also been determined.

Conversion of homothallic yeast to heterothallism trough HO gene disruption

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Van Zyl, WH

1993-04-01

Full Text Available A simple method was developed for the conversion of homothallic Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeaststrains to heterothallism through HO gene disruption. An integrative ho:: neo disrupted allele was constructed by cloning a dominant selectable marker...

Animal experiments and clinical trials of 166Ho-Chitosan for various cancers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lim, S.M.; Choi, C.W.; Park, S.Y.; Lee, S.H.; Lee, B.H.; Park, K.B.

1998-01-01

166 Ho-Chitosan is a complex of 166 Ho and N-glucosamine with 400 to 500 kD MW, which chelates metal ions and degrades slowly in vivo. In mice, 166 H-Chitosan administered intraperitoneally was uniformly bound to the peritoneal wall (94%), and the surface dose calculated by Monte Carlo simulation (EGS 4 code) was 81 Gy/uCi/cm 2 . 166 Ho-Chitosan was administered intraperitoneally as an adjunct in the treatment of ovarian cancer with diffuse spread of malignant cells in the peritoneal surfaces including the diaphragm. 97-99% of 166 Ho-Chitosan was localized within the peritoneal cavity, and more than 90% of 166 Ho-Chitosan was attached to the peritoneal wall. Partial response were observed in 4 among 5 patients with ovarian cancer without severe toxicity. Intracavitary radiation therapy with 166 Ho-Chitosan in the cystic brain tumor, 5 or 8 cysts were shrunken in size with thinning of the wall, 2 out of 8 showed growth retardation. For large or multiple primary liver cancers, which were inoperable and resistent to chemotherapy. 166 Ho-Chitosan was used for intraarterial injection, because this solution became gel with neutral pH. In the primary liver cancer, radioactivity was distributed in the territory of selected hepatic arterial branch, and partial responses were observed in 2 cases. For the large solitary liver tumor, which was not operable due to its location, direct intratumoral injection of the radioisotope had a limited response. 18 FDG PET was a useful tool to follow up those radionuclide therapy, and guide to plan the next therapy. In one case of the large single metastatic stomach cancer in the liver, 18 FDG PET was done two weeks after intratumoral injection of 166 Ho-Chitosan, which showed cold defects matched with distribution of 166 Ho-Chitosan, and second injection was guided by PET image. Various methods of the administration of 166 Ho-Chitosan could be used for the treatment of the cancers. (author)

Diagnostika diafragmového výboje v kapalinách

OpenAIRE

Hlavatá, Lucie

2009-01-01

Hlavním cílem této práce je diagnostika diafragmového výboje v kapalinách. Ačkoli byla v posledních letech objevena celá řada aplikací elektrického výboje v kapalinách, vlastní mechanismus vzniku tohoto výboje není dosud znám. Z těchto důvodů se tato práce zaměřila na studium dějů předcházejících samotnému zapálení výboje, zápalného napětí, samotného výboje jak v oblastech náhodného průrazu tak i pravidelnému výboji. Použitím roztoků dvou anorganických solí o různých vodivostech práce zkoumal...

Facile Synthesis of Gd-Functionalized Gold Nanoclusters as Potential MRI/CT Contrast Agents

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wenjun Le

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Multi-modal imaging plays a key role in the earlier detection of disease. In this work, a facile bioinspired method was developed to synthesize Gd-functionalized gold nanoclusters (Gd-Au NCs. The Gd-Au NCs exhibit a uniform size, with an average size of 5.6 nm in dynamic light scattering (DLS, which is a bit bigger than gold clusters (3.74 nm, DLS, while the fluorescent properties of Gd-Au NCs are almost the same as that of Au NCs. Moreover, the Gd-Au NCs exhibit a high longitudinal relaxivity value (r1 of 22.111 s−1 per mM of Gd in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, which is six times higher than that of commercial Magnevist (A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid, Gd-DTPA, r1 = 3.56 mM−1·s−1. Besides, as evaluated by nano single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT and computed tomography (CT the Gd-Au NCs have a potential application as CT contrast agents because of the Au element. Finally, the Gd-Au NCs show little cytotoxicity, even when the Au concentration is up to 250 μM. Thus, the Gd-Au NCs can act as multi-modal imaging contrast agents.

Dielectric relaxation in double perovskite oxide, Ho2CdTiO6

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Double perovskite oxide with general formula, A2B B O6 unit structure .... oclinic phase at room temperature with cell parameters a = 9·3858, b .... by the empirical relation ε∗ = ε∞ + ... portional to the resistance of that process, while the peak.

Magnetic and transport properties of sputtered Gd-Y multilayers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Freitas, P.P.; From, M.; Melo, L.V.

1991-01-01

Gd-Y-Gd multilayers were prepared that show a magnetoresistance enhancement for an Y layer separation of 30 A. This magnetoresistance enhancement is an interface effect and occurs in samples where some degree of antiferromagnetic coupling is present

Polymorphous GdScO3 as high permittivity dielectric

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schäfer, A.; Rahmanizadeh, K.; Bihlmayer, G.; Luysberg, M.; Wendt, F.; Besmehn, A.; Fox, A.

2015-01-01

Four different polymorphs of GdScO 3 are assessed theoretically and experimentally with respect to their suitability as a dielectric. The calculations carried out by density functional theory reveal lattice constants, band gaps and the energies of formation of three crystal phases. Experimentally all three crystal phases and the amorphous phase can be realized as thin films by pulsed laser deposition using various growth templates. Their respective crystal structures are confirmed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reflecting the calculated lattice constants. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy unveils the band gaps of the different polymorphs of GdScO 3 which are above 5 eV for all films demonstrating good insulating properties. From capacitance voltage measurements, high permittivities of up to 27 for hexagonal GdScO 3 are deduced. - Highlights: • Different epitaxial polymorph phases of GdScO 3 were grown by pulsed laser deposition. • The cubic phase of GdScO 3 is reported for the first time. • All phases are proven to be useful for the use in silicon based and III–V based microelectronic devices.

Large magnetocaloric effect of GdNiAl2 compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dembele, S.N.; Ma, Z.; Shang, Y.F.; Fu, H.; Balfour, E.A.; Hadimani, R.L.; Jiles, D.C.; Teng, B.H.; Luo, Y.

2015-01-01

This paper presents the structure, magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric effect of the polycrystalline compound GdNiAl 2 . Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement and Rietveld refinement revealed that GdNiAl 2 alloy is CuMgAl 2 -type phase structure with about 1 wt% GdNi 2 Al 3 secondary phase. Magnetic measurements suggest that the compound is ferromagnetic and undergoes a second-order phase transition near 28 K. The maximum value of magnetic entropy change reaches 16.0 J/kg K for an applied magnetic field change of 0–50 kOe and the relative cooling power was 6.4×10 2 J/kg. It is a promising candidate as a magnetocaloric material working near liquid hydrogen temperature (~20 K) exhibiting large relative cooling power. - Highlights: • Preferred orientation with axis of [010] was found in the GdNiAl 2 compound. • The ΔS Mmax and the RCP are 16.0 J/kg K and 640 J/kg, respectively, for ΔH=50 kOe. • Relative low rare earth content in GdNiAl 2 comparing with other candidates

Automatizace domácího mikropivovaru

OpenAIRE

Širůček, Pavel

2015-01-01

Práce pojednává o základech technologie výroby piva a surovinách pro výrobu piva potřebných, domácích mikropivovarech, základních postupech a principech užívaných v těchto pivovarech a jejich použití. Dále se věnuje konkrétnímu řešení zvoleného mikropivovaru, jeho návrhu, sestavení a automatizaci, včetně popisu řídícího softwaru. Zvolený mikropivovar je troj nádobový, k ohřevu je použit plynový hořák a přečerpávání zajišťuje čerpadlo. Jako řídící jednotka slouží programovatelný automat PLC LO...

A Novel, “Double-Clamp” Binding Mode for Human Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibition

Science.gov (United States)

Rahman, Mona N.; Vlahakis, Jason Z.; Vukomanovic, Dragic; Lee, Wallace; Szarek, Walter A.; Nakatsu, Kanji; Jia, Zongchao

2012-01-01

The development of heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitors is critical in dissecting and understanding the HO system and for potential therapeutic applications. We have established a program to design and optimize HO inhibitors using structure-activity relationships in conjunction with X-ray crystallographic analyses. One of our previous complex crystal structures revealed a putative secondary hydrophobic binding pocket which could be exploited for a new design strategy by introducing a functional group that would fit into this potential site. To test this hypothesis and gain further insights into the structural basis of inhibitor binding, we have synthesized and characterized 1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4,4-diphenyl-2-butanone (QC-308). Using a carbon monoxide (CO) formation assay on rat spleen microsomes, the compound was found to be ∼15 times more potent (IC50 = 0.27±0.07 µM) than its monophenyl analogue, which is already a potent compound in its own right (QC-65; IC50 = 4.0±1.8 µM). The crystal structure of hHO-1 with QC-308 revealed that the second phenyl group in the western region of the compound is indeed accommodated by a definitive secondary proximal hydrophobic pocket. Thus, the two phenyl moieties are each stabilized by distinct hydrophobic pockets. This “double-clamp” binding offers additional inhibitor stabilization and provides a new route for improvement of human heme oxygenase inhibitors. PMID:22276118

Solution growth of Tb doped Gd_2O_3 film

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghosh, M.; Pitale, S.; Desai, D.G.; Patra, G.D.; Sen, S.; Gadkari, S.C.

2016-01-01

Nanomaterials of Gd_2O_3 have proven applications in medical imaging and cancer therapy due to the presence of element Gd. Also Gd_2O_3 films have been grown by vapor phase method as well as self assembly in solution and studied as a high-k dielectric and efficient luminescence material. Here, we report a method to obtain Tb doped Gd_2O_3 film by solution growth method followed by suitable heat treatment. Uniform films of Tb doped Gadolinium hydroxycarbonate have been deposited on fused quartz substrates kept inside a solution containing gadolinium nitrate, terbium nitrate and Urea maintained at 90°C. Gadolinium hydroxy-carbonate films are then treated at 800°C for 2 hour to obtain Tb doped cubic Gd_2O_3 as confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement. The photoluminescence spectra display characteristic Tb emission at 544 nm when excited at 285 nm. The lifetime of Tb emission is found to be of the order of few microseconds. (author)

Theoretical investigation of electronic and magnetic properties of HoRh layers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Masrour, R., E-mail: rachidmasrour@hotmail.com [Laboratory of Materials, Processes, Environment and Quality, Cady Ayyed University, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Bouzid, Safi (Morocco); LMPHE (URAC 12), Faculty of Science, Mohammed V-Agdal University, Rabat (Morocco); Hlil, E.K. [Institut Néel, CNRS et Université Joseph Fourier, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble cedex 9 (France); Hamedoun, M. [Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, MAScIR, Rabat (Morocco); Benyoussef, A. [LMPHE (URAC 12), Faculty of Science, Mohammed V-Agdal University, Rabat (Morocco); Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, MAScIR, Rabat (Morocco); Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology, Rabat (Morocco); Mounkachi, O. [Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, MAScIR, Rabat (Morocco); Bahmad, L. [LMPHE (URAC 12), Faculty of Science, Mohammed V-Agdal University, Rabat (Morocco); El Moussaoui, H. [Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, MAScIR, Rabat (Morocco)

2013-10-15

Self-consistent ab initio calculations, based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach and using Full potential Linear Augmented Plane Wave (FLAPW) method, are performed to investigate both electronic and magnetic properties of the HoRh layers. Polarized spin and spin–orbit coupling are included in calculations within the framework of the antiferromagnetic state between two sites of Ho. Magnetic moment considered to lie along (001) axes are computed. The data obtained from the ab initio calculations are then used as input for the high temperature series expansions (HTSEs) calculations to compute other magnetic parameters. The exchange integrals between the magnetic atoms in the same sites are given by using mean field theory. The HTSEs of the magnetic susceptibility of HoRh layers spin-S through the Ising model for HoRh layers, are studied to tenth order series in β=1/k{sub B}T. The critical exponent γ associated with the magnetic susceptibility is deduced for two models. - Highlights: • Ab initio calculations is using to investigate both electronic and magnetic properties of the HoRh layers. • Obtained data from ab initio calculations are used as input for the HTSEs. • The Néel temperature is obtained for HoRh layers.

Theoretical investigation of electronic and magnetic properties of HoRh layers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masrour, R.; Hlil, E.K.; Hamedoun, M.; Benyoussef, A.; Mounkachi, O.; Bahmad, L.; El Moussaoui, H.

2013-01-01

Self-consistent ab initio calculations, based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach and using Full potential Linear Augmented Plane Wave (FLAPW) method, are performed to investigate both electronic and magnetic properties of the HoRh layers. Polarized spin and spin–orbit coupling are included in calculations within the framework of the antiferromagnetic state between two sites of Ho. Magnetic moment considered to lie along (001) axes are computed. The data obtained from the ab initio calculations are then used as input for the high temperature series expansions (HTSEs) calculations to compute other magnetic parameters. The exchange integrals between the magnetic atoms in the same sites are given by using mean field theory. The HTSEs of the magnetic susceptibility of HoRh layers spin-S through the Ising model for HoRh layers, are studied to tenth order series in β=1/k B T. The critical exponent γ associated with the magnetic susceptibility is deduced for two models. - Highlights: • Ab initio calculations is using to investigate both electronic and magnetic properties of the HoRh layers. • Obtained data from ab initio calculations are used as input for the HTSEs. • The Néel temperature is obtained for HoRh layers

Evaluation of hypothetical (153)Gd source for use in brachytherapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghorbani, Mahdi; Behmadi, Marziyeh

2016-01-01

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the dosimetric parameters of a hypothetical (153)Gd source for use in brachytherapy and comparison of the dosimetric parameters with those of (192)Ir and (125)I sources. Dose rate constant, the radial dose function and the two dimensional (2D) anisotropy function data for the hypothetical (153)Gd source were obtained by simulation of the source using MCNPX code and then were compared with the corresponding data reported by Enger et al. A comprehensive comparison between this hypothetical source and a (192)Ir source with similar geometry and a (125)I source was performed as well. Excellent agreement was shown between the results of the two studies. Dose rate constant values for the hypothetical (153)Gd, (192)Ir, (125)I sources are 1.173 cGyh(-1) U(-1), 1.044 cGyh(-1) U(-1), 0.925 cGyh(-1) U(-1), respectively. Radial dose function for the hypothetical (153)Gd source has an increasing trend, while (192)Ir has more uniform and (125)I has more rapidly falling off radial dose functions. 2D anisotropy functions for these three sources indicate that, except at 0.5 cm distance, (192)Ir and (125)I have more isotropic trends as compared to the (153)Gd source. A more uniform radial dose function, and 2D anisotropy functions with more isotropy, a much higher specific activity are advantages of (192)Ir source over (153)Gd. However, a longer half-life of (153)Gd source compared to the other two sources, and lower energy of the source with respect to (192)Ir are advantages of using (153)Gd in brachytherapy versus (192)Ir source.

Magnetic and crystallographic properties of HoCo3B2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caspi, E.N.; Dubman, M.; Ettedgui, H.; Shaked, H.; Short, S.; Jorgensen, J.D.

2005-01-01

AC-susceptibility measurements for HoCo 3 B 2 show paramagnetism below room temperature and a small, and large anomalies at 150 and 10K, respectively. Neutron powder diffraction measurements show a ferromagnetic order below 10K, where the ferromagnetic Ho and Co sublattices are ferromagnetically coupled. The magnetic axis direction is perpendicular to the c axis. The observed magnitudes of the magnetic moments at 4.5K are 5.08(4) and 0.11(2) μ B for Ho and Co, respectively. No long range magnetic order was detected above 10K

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibits postmyocardial infarct remodeling and restores ventricular function.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Xiaoli; Pachori, Alok S; Ward, Christopher A; Davis, J Paul; Gnecchi, Massimiliano; Kong, Deling; Zhang, Lunan; Murduck, Jared; Yet, Shaw-Fang; Perrella, Mark A; Pratt, Richard E; Dzau, Victor J; Melo, Luis G

2006-02-01

We reported previously that predelivery of the anti-oxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to the heart by adeno associated virus (AAV) markedly reduces injury after acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, the effect of HO-1 gene delivery on postinfarction recovery has not been investigated. In the current study, we assessed the effect of HO-1 gene delivery on post-MI left ventricle (LV) remodeling and function using echocardiographic imaging and histomorphometric approaches. Two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 4 x 10(11) particles of AAV-LacZ (control) or AAV-hHO-1 in the LV wall. Eight wk after gene transfer, the animals were subjected to 30 min of ischemia by ligation of left anterior descending artery (LAD) followed by reperfusion. Echocardiographic measurements were obtained in a blinded fashion prior and at 1.5 and 3 months after I/R. Ejection fraction (EF) was reduced by 13% and 40% in the HO-1 and LacZ groups, respectively at 1.5 months after MI. Three months after MI, EF recovered fully in the HO-1, but only partially in the LacZ-treated animals. Post-MI LV dimensions were markedly increased and the anterior wall was markedly thinned in the LacZ-treated animals compared with the HO-1-treated animals. Significant myocardial scarring and fibrosis were observed in the LacZ-group in association with elevated levels of interstitial collagen I and III and MMP-2 activity. Post-MI myofibroblast accumulation was reduced in the HO-1-treated animals, and retroviral overexpression of HO-1 reduced proliferation of isolated cardiac fibroblasts. Our data indicate that rAAV-HO-1 gene transfer markedly reduces fibrosis and ventricular remodeling and restores LV function and chamber dimensions after myocardial infarction.

Thermal properties of GdSr{sub 2}RuCu{sub 2}O{sub 8-{delta}} based mixtures in the GdSr{sub 2}RuO{sub 6}-CuO pseudo-binary system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gombos, Marcello [Laboratorio Regionale Supermat CNR-INFM Via Salvador Allende, I-84081 Baronissi (Italy); Dipartimento di Fisica ' E.R.Caianiello' , Universita di Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, I-84081 Baronissi (Italy)], E-mail: gombos@sa.infn.it; Ciancio, Regina; Vecchione, Antonio; Pace, Sandro [Laboratorio Regionale Supermat CNR-INFM Via Salvador Allende, I-84081 Baronissi (Italy); Dipartimento di Fisica ' E.R.Caianiello' , Universita di Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, I-84081 Baronissi (Italy)

2007-09-01

GdSr{sub 2}RuCu{sub 2}O{sub 8-{delta}} (Gd1212) rutheno-cuprate compound is widely studied because it shows the coexistence of superconductivity and highly anisotropic magnetic ordering in the same cell. Anyway the nature of the magnetic ordering is still debated and the fabrication of macroscopic samples oriented along a crystallographic axis, that could help to clarify its details, appears to be quite difficult. For this reason, accurate investigation on Gd1212 incongruent melting reaction, producing liquid copper oxide and the solid GdSr{sub 2}RuO{sub 6} (Gd1210), appears to be necessary to improve the fabrication of crystallographically oriented bulk superconducting samples. Thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal measurements were performed to analyse the thermal behaviour up to 1200 deg. C and the melting temperatures of different mixtures of Gd1212 with Gd1210 or CuO, in view to perform a scan of the whole CuO-Gd1212-Gd1210 coexistence line of the Gd-Sr-Ru-Cu-O phase diagram. Dependence on the atmosphere and the formation of different spurious phases was also studied.

Sign change of magnetoresistance in Gd-doped amorphous carbon granular films.

Science.gov (United States)

Ding, Shihao; Jin, Chao; Fan, Ziwei; Li, Peng; Bai, Haili

2015-11-11

Gd/C granular films with 11% Gd were fabricated by facing-target magnetron sputtering at room temperature and then annealed at 300-650 °C for 1.5 h. A magnetoresistance of -82% was obtained in the Gd/C films annealed at 650 °C at 3 K under a magnetic field of 50 kOe. A sign change of the magnetoresistance from negative to positive and then back to negative was observed in all samples as the temperature decreases. Grain boundary scattering effects, wave-function-shrinkage, cotunneling and Gd-Gd interactions account for the mechanisms of the magnetoresistance effects in different temperature regions. The sign of the magnetoresistance also varies as the magnetic field increases. At the transition temperature of 25 K, the wave-function-shrinkage effect competes with cotunneling and Gd-Gd interactions at different magnetic fields. The competition between the wave-function-shrinkage effect and the grain boundary scattering effect is approximately at the transition temperature of 100 K. The temperature range of positive magnetoresistance expands and transition temperatures are changed as the annealing temperature increases. It is related to the expansion of the temperature region for the wave-function-shrinkage effect which occurs in the Mott variable range hopping conduction mechanism.

Blue-shifted and red-shifted hydrogen bonds: Theoretical study of the CH3CHO· · ·HNO complexes

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Yong; Zhang, Weijun; Gao, Xiaoming

The blue-shifted and red-shifted H-bonds have been studied in complexes CH3CHO?HNO. At the MP2/6-31G(d), MP2/6-31+G(d,p) MP2/6-311++G(d,p), B3LYP/6-31G(d), B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) levels, the geometric structures and vibrational frequencies of complexes CH3CHO?HNO are calculated by both standard and CP-corrected methods, respectively. Complex A exhibits simultaneously red-shifted C bond H?O and blue-shifted N bond H?O H-bonds. Complex B possesses simultaneously two blue-shifted H-bonds: C bond H?O and N bond H?O. From NBO analysis, it becomes evident that the red-shifted C bond H?O H-bond can be explained on the basis of the two opposite effects: hyperconjugation and rehybridization. The blue-shifted C bond H?O H-bond is a result of conjunct C bond H bond strengthening effects of the hyperconjugation and the rehybridization due to existence of the significant electron density redistribution effect. For the blue-shifted N bond H?O H-bonds, the hyperconjugation is inhibited due to existence of the electron density redistribution effect. The large blue shift of the N bond H stretching frequency is observed because the rehybridization dominates the hyperconjugation.

Study on the Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behaviors of Fe-(20, 45) wt%Gd Intermetallics

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kang, Bo Kyeong; Baik, Youl; Choi, Yong [Dankook University, Chungnam (Korea, Republic of); Moon, Byung Moon [Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon (Korea, Republic of)

2017-02-15

Fe-(20, 45 wt%) Gd intermetallics were vacuum arc melted as the mother alloy of a neutron shielding and absorbing material. The structure of the cast Fe-20 wt%Gd intermetallics had primary dendrites with a short width of about 2 μm, which became coarse with increasing Gd content. The final compositions of the Fe-20 wt%Gd and Fe-45 wt%Gd intermetallics determined by Rietveld refinement were mainly Fe{sub 3}Gd with 26.6 at%Fe{sub 2}Gd, and Fe{sub 3}Gd with various intermetallics like 13.9 at%Fe{sub 2}Gd, 7.3 at%Fe{sub 9}Gd and 3.9 at%Fe{sub 17}Gd{sub 2}, respectively. The micro-hardnesses, yield strength, ultimate compressive strength and elongation of the Fe-20 wt%Gd intermetallics were 629±12 Hv, 753 MPa, 785 MPa and 4%, respectively, and those of the Fe-45 wt%Gd intermetallics were 741±13 Hv, 772 MPa, 823 MPa and 3%. Passivity was not present in artificial sea water at room temperature. The corrosion potentials and the corrosion rates of the Fe-20 wt%Gd and Fe-45 wt%Gd intermetallics were –624 mV{sub SHE}, 2.771 mA/cm{sup 2} , and –804 mV{sub SHE}, 3.397 mA/cm{sup 2} , respectively. The corroded surface of the Fe-Gd intermetallics contained corrosion products like gadolinium with iron, which detached to leave a trail of pits.

Paracrine action of HO-1-modified mesenchymal stem cells mediates cardiac protection and functional improvement.

Science.gov (United States)

Zeng, Bin; Ren, Xiaofeng; Lin, Guosheng; Zhu, Chengang; Chen, Honglei; Yin, Jiechao; Jiang, Hong; Yang, Bo; Ding, Danhua

2008-10-01

The aim has been to determine whether the supernatants of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transfected with adenovirus carrying human heme oxygenase-1 (hHO-1) gene protect cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury. We have found that hHO-1 infected MSCs (hHO-1-MSCs) increased expression of hHO-1 protein. Apoptosis of cultured hHO-1-MSCs exposed to hypoxia was suppressed. Several cytokines, including HGF, bFGF, TGF-beta, VEGF and IL-1beta, were produced by hHO-1-MSCs, some being significantly enhanced under hypoxia stimulation. Meanwhile, those cytokines reduced caspase-3 level and activity in cultured adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (ARVCs) exposed to hypoxia. Supernatants obtained from hHO-1-MSCs improved left ventricular function, limited myocardial infarct size, increased microvessel density, and inhibited apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in rat myocardial infarction. It can be concluded hHO-1-modified MSCs prevent myocardial cell injury via secretion of paracrine-acting mediators.

MRI contrast enhancement of the lung using as Gd-DTPA aerosol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bockisch, A.; Harvey, R.C.; Davis, M.A.; Kabalka, G.W.

1993-01-01

The efficacy of a Gd-DTPA aerosol to enhance ventilated lung parenchyma was evaluated in an MR study in anesthetized female beagle dogs. Ventilation of a 1.0-M Gd-DTPA solution was performed using a commercially available atomizer. MR imaging was performed at a 1.9 T whole body imager with an acquisition mode that was gated to respiration. To quantify the amount of ventilated Gd-DTPA experiments were repeated with 99m Tc-DTPA under identical conditions. Using ventral and dorsal digital scintigraphy, the amount of Gd-DTPA in both lungs were determined. MR imaging showed on increase of signal intensity of 70% following Gd-DTPA ventilation. Because of the inherently low signal intensity of lung parenchyma this degree of contrast enhancement is too small to be clinically useful. (orig.) [de

[hHO-1 structure prediction and its mutant construct, expression, purification and activity analysis].

Science.gov (United States)

Xia, Zhen Wei; Cui, Wen Jun; Zhou, Wen Pu; Zhang, Xue Hong; Shen, Qing Xiang; Li, Yun Zhu; Yu, Shan Chang

2004-10-01

Human Heme Oxygenase-1 (hHO-1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism reaction of heme, which directly regulates the concentration of bilirubin in human body. The mutant structure was simulated by Swiss-pdbviewer procedure, which showed that the structure of active pocket was changed distinctly after Ala25 substituted for His25 in active domain, but the mutated enzyme still binded with heme. On the basis of the results, the expression vectors, pBHO-1 and pBHO-1(M), were constructed, induced by IPTG and expressed in E. coli DH5alpha strain. The expression products were purified with 30%-60% saturation (NH4)2SO4 and Q-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography. The concentration of hHO-1 in 30%-60% saturation (NH4)2SO4 components and in fractions through twice column chromatography was 3.6-fold and 30-fold higher than that in initial product, respectively. The activity of wild hHO-1 (whHO-1) and mutant hHO-1 (deltahHO-1) showed that the activity of deltahHO-1 was reduced 91.21% compared with that of whHO-1. The study shows that His25 is of importance for the mechanism of hHO-1, and provides the possibility for effectively regulating the activity to exert biological function.

Homogeneity and microstructure study of Gd2O3-UO2 pellets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pan Ying; Gao Dihua; Guo Yibai; Zhu Shuming

1994-10-01

The microstructure of Gd 2 O 3 -UO 2 pellets (0∼10 wt%) prepared in different conditions, the homogeneity distribution of Gd 2 O 3 in the pellets and the lattice parameter of solid solution are studied by metalloscope, WDS, EDAX, SEM-image processing system, XRD and image analyzer. The theoretical density has been calculated. The effect of size and content of Gd 2 O 3 particles, the blend process, the sintering temperature and time, and the sintering atmosphere on the microstructure of Gd 2 O 3 pellets and the homogeneity of Gd 2 O 3 in the pellets are studied. (16 refs., 10 figs., 8 tabs.)

Experimental dosimetry of Ho-166 bioglass seed polymer-protected

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nogueira, Luciana B.; Campos, Tarcisio P.R. [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Nuclear. Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias e Tecnicas Nucleares

2011-07-01

This study aims to develop experimental dosimetry of Ho-166 bio glass seed for brachytherapy studies using GAFCHROMIC EBT2 radio chromium films. The methodology consists of placement of radio chromium films in a compressed breast phantom, along with bio glass polymer-protected seeds of [Si: Ca: Ho] and [Si: Ca: Ho: Zr]. The bio glass seeds were encapsulated with polyvinyl alcohol, before being activated and used in the study. The bio glass seeds were introduced into the breast phantom, along with radio chromium films for a period of 2 hours. After the exposure time, radio chromium films were removed from phantom and digitized for analysis in ImageDIG 2.0 program, which quantifies the intensity of RGB (Red, Green, Blue). The dose calculation was evaluated by Monte Carlo technique. Experimental and theoretical data were used to calibrate the dose distribution. The results were plotted on graphs and dose iso curves were obtained. As conclusion it is possible to perform dosimetry in Ho-166 seed brachytherapy using radio chromium films, limited to a short exposure time and small activity. (author)

Phase equilibria of the Mo-Al-Ho ternary system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Yitai; Chen, Xiaoxian; Liu, Hao [Guangxi Univ., Nanning (China). College of Materials Science and Engineering; Guangxi Univ., Nanning (China). Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials; Zhan, Yongzhong [Guangxi Univ., Nanning (China). College of Materials Science and Engineering; Guangxi Univ., Nanning (China). Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials; Guangxi Univ., Nanning (China). Center of Ecological Collaborative Innovation for Aluminum Industry

2017-08-15

Investigation into the reactions and phase equilibria of transition metal elements (i.e. Mo, Zr, Cr, V and Ti), Al and rare earths is academically and industrially important for the development of both refractory alloys and lightweight high-temperature materials. In this work, the equilibria of the Mo-Al-Ho ternary system at 773 K have been determined by using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. A new ternary phase Al{sub 4}Mo{sub 2}Ho has been found and the other ternary phase Al{sub 43}Mo{sub 4}Ho{sub 6} is observed. Ten binary phases in the Al-Mo and Al-Ho systems, including Al{sub 17}Mo{sub 4} rather than Al{sub 4}Mo, have been determined to exist at 773 K. The homogeneity ranges of AlMo{sub 3} and Al{sub 8}Mo{sub 3} phase are 7.5 at.% and 1 at.%, respectively. According to the phase-disappearing method, the maximum solubility of Al in Mo is about 16 at.%.

Experimental dosimetry of Ho-166 bioglass seed polymer-protected

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nogueira, Luciana B.; Campos, Tarcisio P.R.

2011-01-01

This study aims to develop experimental dosimetry of Ho-166 bio glass seed for brachytherapy studies using GAFCHROMIC EBT2 radio chromium films. The methodology consists of placement of radio chromium films in a compressed breast phantom, along with bio glass polymer-protected seeds of [Si: Ca: Ho] and [Si: Ca: Ho: Zr]. The bio glass seeds were encapsulated with polyvinyl alcohol, before being activated and used in the study. The bio glass seeds were introduced into the breast phantom, along with radio chromium films for a period of 2 hours. After the exposure time, radio chromium films were removed from phantom and digitized for analysis in ImageDIG 2.0 program, which quantifies the intensity of RGB (Red, Green, Blue). The dose calculation was evaluated by Monte Carlo technique. Experimental and theoretical data were used to calibrate the dose distribution. The results were plotted on graphs and dose iso curves were obtained. As conclusion it is possible to perform dosimetry in Ho-166 seed brachytherapy using radio chromium films, limited to a short exposure time and small activity. (author)

Analysis of n+165Ho and 169Tm reactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Young, P.G.; Arthur, E.D.; Philis, C.; Nagel, P.; Collin, M.

1982-09-01

Experimental data for neutron-induced reactions on 165 Ho and 169 Tm have been theoretically analyzed in preparation for calculations on the unstable isotopes of Tm. A set of deformed optical model parameters was determined from measurements of s- and p-wave neutron strength functions, total cross sections, elastic angular distributions, and 16-MeV proton scattering to the 165 Ho ground and first excited states. The parameters for the 165 Ho and 169 Tm nuclei were linked by means of an isospin term in the real and imaginary well depths, together with adjustment of the ν 2 and ν 4 deformation parameters based on systematics in this mass region. Transmission coefficients from this analysis were used in Hauser-Feshbach statistical model calculations of the 169 Tm(n,ν) cross section as well as the 169 Tm(n,2n) and (n,3n) cross sections to 23 MeV, after application of suitable preequilibrium corrections. The results of these calculations are in good agreement with most of the available experimental data on 165 Ho and 169 Tm

Podnikatelský plán pro transformaci rodinného podniku

OpenAIRE

Paníček, Roman

2011-01-01

Diplomová práce se zabývá transformací rodinného podniku z obchodního centra na taneční klub. Jedná se zde o kompletní analýzu vnitřního i vnějšího prostředí a z ní vyvozené závěry. Práce obsahuje zdroje financování, celkové náklady a odhadovaný vývoj do budoucna. Dále zde nalezneme marketingový mix a harmonogram implementace. This diploma thesis deals with the transformation of the family business from the commercial center to the dance club. Its mean that it contains complete analysis of...

Efficient Ho:YLF laser pumped by a Tm:fiber laser

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Koen, W

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A thulium fiber laser pumped Ho:YLF laser delivering 45.1 W in a near diffraction limited beam when pumped with 84.7 W is demonstrated. The optical-to-optical efficiency of 53 % compares favorably with similar Ho:YAG lasers....

Fer-Ho Anaphora in Catalan: Semantic and Discourse Properties

Science.gov (United States)

Busquets, Joan

2018-01-01

This paper considers the anaphoric status of the pro-form "fer-ho" (do it) in Catalan [This paper contains some ideas included in Busquets (2005)]. I discuss some anaphoric properties of "fer-ho" as deep anaphora. I also compare these properties to those of other types of anaphora, like VPE and pseudogapping (pg). I show that…

Návrh a implementace internetového obchodu

OpenAIRE

Maťák, Lubomír

2010-01-01

Obsahem této práce je analýza a návrh elektronického obchodu pro firmu, zabývající se velkoobchodním prodejem elektromateriálu a poskytování služeb v oblasti dodávek elektromateriálu na stavbu různých projektů, jak ze státního, tak ze soukromého sektoru. Nejedná se o klasický internetový obchod formou B2C. Koncept této práce je navržen jako B2B. Hlavní myšlenkou je online komunikace dodavatele a odběratele a možná kontrola, jak stavu zakázky, tak stavu skladu pro případné další objednávky. ...

Defect-band mediated ferromagnetism in Gd-doped ZnO thin films

KAUST Repository

Venkatesh, S.

2015-01-07

Gd-doped ZnO thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition with Gd concentrations varying from 0.02–0.45 atomic percent (at. %) showed deposition oxygen pressure controlled ferromagnetism. Thin films prepared with Gd dopant levels (<Gd 0.112 at. %) at low oxygen deposition pressure (<25 mTorr) were ferromagnetic at room temperature. Negative magnetoresistance, electric transport properties showed that the ferromagnetic exchange is mediated by a spin-split defect band formed due to oxygen deficiency related defect complexes. Mott\\'s theory of variable range of hopping conduction confirms the formation of the impurity/defect band near the Fermi level.

Shape coexistence in 153Ho

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dey, Gautam; Sarkar, S.; Chakraborty, A.; Krishichayan; Ghugre, S.S.; Sinha, A.K.; Kshetri, Ritesh; Ray, I.; Ganguly, S.; Pradhan, M.K.; Raut, R.; Goswami, A.; Banerjee, P.; Mukherjee, A.; Bhattacharya, S.; Saha Sarkar, S.; Ray Basu, M.; Ganguly, G.; Ray, M.; Basu, S.K.

2006-01-01

The motivation for the present work are to firmly assign spins and parities of the excited levels and to investigate shape evolution in 153 Ho as expected phenomenologically from the level spectra and feeding patterns

Spin Waves in Ho2Co17

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Clausen, Kurt Nørgaard; Lebech, Bente

1980-01-01

Spin wave excitations in a single crystal of Ho2Co17 have been studied at 4.8 and 78 K. The results are discussed in terms of a linear spin wave model. At 78 K both ground state and excited state spin waves are observed.......Spin wave excitations in a single crystal of Ho2Co17 have been studied at 4.8 and 78 K. The results are discussed in terms of a linear spin wave model. At 78 K both ground state and excited state spin waves are observed....

Electrical and optical characterization of green synthesized Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paul, Somnath, E-mail: somnathpaul459@gmail.com; Sarkar, A. [Dept of Physics, Bijoy Krishna Girls’ College, 5/3, M. G. Road, Howrah-711101 (India)

2016-05-06

Gadolinium sulphide (Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3}) is a magnetic semiconductor with large band gap. Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3} was synthesized following chemical and green techniques. Later process provides good stability of the nano clusters (NC) due to in-situ capping of Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3} NC. It has been found that the optical band gap in Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3} developed by green synthesis is lowered considerably over that in chemically synthesized Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3}. The green agencies used in this work are Jatropha Latex and dilute Garlic extract; both are enriched in sulphur and other organic polymer molecules. Simple observation shows that Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3} NC retains residual magnetization. In this work optical and electrical characterization of the developed Gd{sub 2}S{sub 3} specimens are carried out. The overall results obtained are good.

Magnetoelastic behaviour of Gd sub 5 Ge sub 4

CERN Document Server

Magen, C; Algarabel, P A; Marquina, C; Ibarra, M R

2003-01-01

A complete investigation of the complex magnetic behaviour of Gd sub 5 Ge sub 4 by means of linear thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements (5-300 K, 0-120 kOe) has been carried out. Our results support the suggested existence in this system of a coupled crystallographic-magnetic transition from a Gd sub 5 Ge sub 4 -type Pnma (antiferromagnetic) to a Gd sub 5 Si sub 4 -type Pnma (ferromagnetic) state. Strong magnetoelastic effects are observed at the field-induced first-order magnetic-martensitic transformation. A revised magnetic and crystallographic H- T phase diagram is proposed.

Návrh týmového motivačního programu ve firmě FlatEarth

OpenAIRE

Lukaniaková, Nina

2010-01-01

Diplomová práca sa zameriava na vytvorenie návrhu motivačného program v spoločnosti FlatEarth. Návrh tohoto programu sa odvíja od výsledkov výskumu uskutočneného v športových teamoch a medzi bývalými zamestnancami spoločnosti FlatEarth. The diploma thesis concentrates on the presentation of motivational programme in the company of our choice- FlatEarth. The suggestion of the motivational programme is based on the results from research conducted in the sport teams and among previous employe...

Spectroscopic analysis of LiHoF4 and LiErF4

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, H.P.

1979-01-01

The polarized absorption spectra for Ho3+ and Er3+ in LiHoF4 and LiErF4, respectively, have been recorded in the spectral interval 4000-26 000 cm-1 at 2 K. Parts of the spectra were examined at higher temperatures. The experimental levels for Ho3+ and Er3+ in LiRF4 were close to those found in Li...

Relativistic electronic structure calculations on endohedral Gd rate at C60, La rate at C60, Gd rate at C74, and La rate at C74

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu, J.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, X.

2000-01-01

Relativistic discrete-variational local density functional calculations on endohedral Gd rate at C 60 , La rate at C 60 ,Gd rate at C 74 , and La rate at C 74 are performed. All the C 60 - and C 74 -derived levels are lowered upon endohedral Gd and La doping. Both the Gd (4f 7 5d 1 6s 2 ) and La (5d 1 6s 2 ) atoms only donate their two 6s valence electrons to the cages, leaving behind their 5d electrons when they are placed at the cage centers. Compared with large-band-gap C 60 , small-band-gap C 74 and Gd (La)-metallofullerenes have strong both electron-donating and electron-accepting characters, and the calculated ionization potentials and electron affinities for them agree well with the available experimental data. (orig.)

Gd-DTPA in MRI. Clinical experience in intracranial pathologies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bradac, G B; Riva, A; Berger, T; Stura, G; Duca, S

1988-01-01

Sixty-seven patients with various intracranial pathologies were studied using Gd-DTPA as a contrast medium applied to MRI. This paramagnetic substance was well tolerated by all patients, and proved particularly useful in improving the diagnosis of extra-axial tumors, in which a rich enhancement was always present. Gd-DTPA allowed a better definition of the tumor outlines, as well as its differentiation from edema, and the demonstration of its relationship to brain parenchyma and cerebral vessels. This was particularly true for meningiomas, which often display poor contrast enhancement at MRI. Even though acoustic neuromas had, as a rule, high signal intensity, Gd-DTPA was useful to precisely recognise the intracanalar part of the tumor. The value of Gd-DTPA was less evident in intra-axial lesions. It proved nonetheless useful in demonstrating the portions of the tumor where, due to alterations in BBB, enhancement was present. This allowed both to characterized the lesion and to perform accurate biopsies.

Low-temperature magnetic properties of GdCoIn5

Science.gov (United States)

Betancourth, D.; Facio, J. I.; Pedrazzini, P.; Jesus, C. B. R.; Pagliuso, P. G.; Vildosola, V.; Cornaglia, Pablo S.; García, D. J.; Correa, V. F.

2015-01-01

A comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the low temperature properties of GdCoIn5 was performed. Specific heat, thermal expansion, magnetization and electrical resistivity were measured in good quality single crystals down to 4He temperatures. All the experiments show a second-order-like phase transition at 30 K probably associated with the onset of antiferromagnetic order. The magnetic susceptibility shows a pronounced anisotropy below TN with an easy magnetic axis perpendicular to the crystallographic ĉ-axis. Total energy GGA+U calculations indicate a ground state with magnetic moments localized at the Gd ions and allowed a determination of the Gd-Gd magnetic interactions. Band structure calculations of the electron and phonon contributions to the specific heat together with Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the magnetic contributions show a very good agreement with the experimental data. Comparison between experiment and calculations suggests a significant anharmonic contribution to the specific heat at high temperature (T ≳ 100 K).

The enhanced activity of mass-selected PtxGd nanoparticles for oxygen electroreduction

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Velazquez-Palenzuela, Amado Andres; Masini, Federico; Pedersen, Anders Filsøe

2015-01-01

Mass-selected platinum–gadolinium alloy nanoparticles (PtxGd NPs) are synthesized for the first time as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts using the gas aggregation technique, under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. The morphology of the PtxGd catalysts is characterized, and their ......Mass-selected platinum–gadolinium alloy nanoparticles (PtxGd NPs) are synthesized for the first time as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts using the gas aggregation technique, under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. The morphology of the PtxGd catalysts is characterized...

Návrh podnikatelského záměru

OpenAIRE

Lanc, Martin

2009-01-01

Cílem této diplomové práce je definovat podnikatelský záměr konkrétního malého podniku a následně ho zpracovat do podoby podnikatelského plánu. Tento záměr bude sloužit jako podklad pro realizaci soukromé mateřské školy. Diplomová práce obsahuje teoretickou část, analýzu problému včetně zákonných podmínek zřízení a provozu firmy, konečně i marketingové analýzy a finanční plán. Závěr práce se věnuje celkovému shrnutí výsledků a možnostech rozvoje. The subject diploma thesis “Proposal for a ...

Production, Quality Control and Biological Evaluation of 166Ho-PDTMP as a Possible Bone Palliation Agent

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samaneh Zolghadri

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Objective(s:In this study, 166Ho-1,2-propylene di-amino tetra(methy1enephosphonicAcid (166Ho-PDTMP complex  was prepared as a bone palliation agent. Materials and Methods:The complex was successfully prepared using an in-house synthesized EDTMP ligand and 166HoCl3. Ho-166 chloride was obtained by thermal neutron irradiation (1 × 1013 n.cm-2.s-1 of natural Ho(NO33 samples  followed by radiolabeling and stability studies. Biodistribution in wild type rats was also peformed. Results: The complex was prepared with thespecific activity of 278 GBq/mg and high radiochemical purity (>99%, checked by ITLC. 166Ho-PDTMP complex was stabilized in the final preparation and in the presence of human serum (>90% up to 72 hr. The biodistribution of 166Ho-PDTMP in wild-type rats demonstrated significant bone uptake was up to 48 hr compared to 166HoCl3. Conclusion: The produced 166Ho-PDTMP properties suggest a possible new bone palliative therapeutic to overcome the metastatic bone pains.  

The new carbodiimide Li_2Gd_2Sr(CN_2)_5 having a crystal structure related to that of Gd_2(CN_2)_3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Unverfehrt, Leonid; Stroebele, Markus; Meyer, H. Juergen

2013-01-01

The new carbodiimide compounds Li_2RE_2Sr(CN_2)_5 (RE = Sm, Gd, Eu, Tb) were prepared by a straight forward solid state metathesis reaction of REF_3, SrF_2, and Li_2(CN_2) at around 600 C. The crystal structure of Li_2Gd_2Sr(CN_2)_5 was solved based on X-ray single-crystal diffraction data. Corresponding Li_2RE_2Sr(CN_2)_5 compounds were analyzed by isotypic indexing of their powder patterns. The crystal structure of Li_2Gd_2Sr(CN_2)_5 can be well related to that of Gd_2(CN_2)_3, because both structures are based on layered structures composed of close packed layers of [N=C=N]"2"- sticks, alternating with layers of metal ions. The crystal structure of Li_2Gd_2Sr(CN_2)_5 can be considered to contain an ABC layer sequence of [N = C=N]"2"- layers with the interlayer voids being occupied by (three) distinct types of cations. (Copyright copyright 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Ln28Ti2O7 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Gd): a novel series of defective Ruddlesden–Popper phases formed by topotactic dehydration of HLnTiO4

OpenAIRE

Thangadurai, V; Subbanna, GN; Gopalakrishnan, J

1998-01-01

Topotactic dehydration of HLnTiO4 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm or Gd) around 480–500 °C yields a new series of metastable layered perovskite oxides, Ln28Ti2O7, that possess a defective Sr3Ti2O7 structure, where the cubooctahedral sites within the double-perovskite layers are most likely vacant.

The isolation and the separation of Sm, Gd, Dy by extraction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Biyantoro, D.; Lahagu, F.; Basuki, K.T.; Handini, T.; Rosyidin

1996-01-01

The isolation of yttrium and separation of Sm, Gd, y with extraction has been investigated. The steps of the process include of this research were the production the concentrate of lanthanide, the dilution, the isolation of yttrium, and the separation of the Sm, Gd, Dy. The first step was the digestion of xenotime sand, the extraction, the dilution, the filtration, the precipitation, the baking production a lanthanide oxide. The step was the separation of yttrium, the stripping, and the calcination production of yttrium oxide. And the third process was the separation of Sm, Gd, Dy by extraction process using method liquid-liquid extraction with extractant of D 2 EHPA and a solvent of dodecane. From the result have been found concentration of yttrium oxide = 88,71 %. The optimum condition of the separation of Gd/Dy have been found : the concentration of HNO 3 = 0,5 M, time of extraction = 15 minutes, and the concentration of extractant = 30 % D 2 EHPA in dodecane. The results of this condition were the distribution coefficient of Gd = 2,226, the distribution coefficient of Dy = 3,762, and the separation factor of Gd/Dy = 0,592. (author)

Apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities of Pr(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}(aq), Gd(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}(aq), Ho(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}(aq), and Y(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}(aq) at T (288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p = 0.1 MPa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hakin, Andrew W. [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4 (Canada)]. E-mail: hakin@uleth.ca; Liu Jinlian [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4 (Canada); Erickson, Kristy [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4 (Canada); Munoz, Julie-Vanessa [Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4 (Canada); Rard, Joseph A. [Energy and Environment Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, CA 94550 (United States)

2005-02-01

Relative densities and relative massic heat capacities have been measured for acidified solutions of Y(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}(aq), Pr(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}(aq), and Gd(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}(aq) at T = (288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 328.15) K and p = 0.1 MPa. In addition, relative densities and massic heat capacities have been measured at the same temperatures and pressure for Y(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}(aq) and Ho(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}(aq) solutions without excess acid (n.b. measurements at T = 328.15 K for Ho(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}(aq) were not performed due to the limited volume of solution available). Apparent molar volumes and apparent molar heat capacities for the aqueous salt solutions have been calculated from the experimental apparent molar properties of the acidified solutions using Young's rule, whereas the apparent molar properties of the solutions without excess acid were calculated directly from the measured densities and massic heat capacities. The two sets of data for the Y(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}(aq) systems provide a check of the internal consistency of the Young's rule approach we have utilised. The concentration dependences of the apparent molar volumes and heat capacities of the aqueous salt solutions have been modelled at each investigated temperature using the Pitzer ion interaction equations to yield apparent molar properties at infinite dilution. Complex formation within the aqueous rare earth nitrate systems is discussed qualitatively by probing the concentration dependence of apparent molar volumes and heat capacities. In spite of the complex formation in the aqueous rare earth nitrate systems, there is a high degree of self-consistency between the apparent molar volumes and heat capacities at infinite dilution reported in this manuscript and those previously reported for aqueous rare earth perchlorates.

High spin levels in 151Ho

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gizon, J.; Gizon, A.; Andre, S.; Genevey, J.; Jastrzebski, J.; Kossakowski, R.; Moszinski, M.; Preibisz, Z.

1981-02-01

We report here on the first study of the level structure of 151 Ho. High spin levels in 151 Ho have been populated in the 141 Pr + 16 O and 144 Sm + 12 C reactions. The level structure has been established up to 6.6 MeV energy and the spins and particles determined up to 49/2 - . Most of the proposed level configurations can be explained by the coupling of hsub(11/2) protons to fsub(7/2) and/or hsub(9/2) neutrons. An isomer with 14 +- 3 ns half-life and a delayed gamma multiplicity equal to 17 +- 2 has been found. Its spin is larger than 57/2 h units

Magnetic superlattices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kwo, J.; Hong, M.; McWhan, D.B.; Yafet, Y.; Fleming, R.M.; DiSalvo, F.J.; Waszczak, J.V.; Majkrzak, C.F.; Gibbs, D.; Goldmann, A.I.; Boni, P.; Bohr, J.; Grimm, H.; Bohr, J.; Chien, C.L.; Grimm, H.; Cable, J.W.

1988-01-01

Single crystal magnetic rare earth superlattices were synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy. The studies include four rare earth systems: Gd-Y, Dy-Y, Ho-Y, and Gd-Dy. The magnetic properties and the long-range spin order are reviewed in terms of the interfacial behavior, and the interlayer exchange coupling across Y medium

The fate of Gd and chelate following intravenous injection of gadodiamide in rats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moerk Kindberg, Grete; Uran, Steinar; Friisk, Grete; Martinsen, Ivar; Skotland, Tore

2010-01-01

The biodistribution of gadolinium (Gd) and chelate was studied in rats injected intravenously with a commercially available gadodiamide magnetic resonance contrast agent spiked with trace amounts of 14 C-labelled GdDTPA-BMA. Biodistribution of the 14 C-labelled ligand in whole animals was visualised using quantitative whole-body autoradiography, and quantified in individual tissue samples by analysing for radioactivity using beta-counting. Biodistribution of Gd was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SF-MS). The injected dose was rapidly excreted, with only 1.0% remaining in the body at 24 h. The radioactivity thereafter was mainly associated with kidney cortex, liver, lung, muscle and skin, with a similar rate of clearance for both ligand and Gd from these tissues. The ratio between 14 C-labelled substance and Gd was not significantly different from that of the injected substance in most tissue samples up to 24 h after injection; the ratio then slowly decreased. The data clearly show that measurements of Gd concentration alone in tissue samples from animals injected with Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) cannot be used as a measure of Gd released from the ligand. To our knowledge, such measurements comparing Gd and ligand concentrations and distribution in tissue samples have not been published previously for any of the commercial GBCAs. (orig.)

Thermal behaviour of GdCo1-xMnxO3 cobaltates

Science.gov (United States)

Thakur, Rasna; Thakur, Rajesh K.; Gaur, N. K.

2018-05-01

With the objective of exploring the unknown thermodynamic behavior of GdCo1-xMnxO3 family, we present here an investigation of the temperature-dependent (10K≤T≤1000K) thermodynamic properties of GdCo1-xMnxO3 (x=0.1 to 0.8). The specific heat of GdCoO3 with Mn doping in the perovskite structure at B-site has been studied by means of a Modified Rigid Ion Model (MRIM). The cohesive energy, specific heat (C), volume thermal expansion (α) and Gruneisen parameter (γ) of GdCo1-xMnxO3 compounds are also discussed.

MRI contrast enhancement of the lung using a Gd-DTPA aerosol

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bockisch, A.; Harvey, R.C.; Davis, M.A.; Kabalka, G.W.

1993-01-01

A MR imaging study was performed in anesthetized female beagle dogs to investigate the effectiveness of Gd-DTPA aerosol for contrast enhancement in ventilated lungs. Ventilation was performed using a commercially available atomizer to administer Gd-DTPA solution. MR imaging was performed with a 1.9 T whole body imager using respiratory gated acquisition. To define the amount of Gd-DTPA being trapped in the lungs identical experiments were performed with 99m Tc-DTPA. MR imaging confirmed at 70% contrast enhancement following inhalation of Gd-DTPA. Because of the inherently low signal intensity of lung parenchyma the degree of contrast enhancement is not sufficient for clinical application. (orig.) [de

Structural trends in a series of isostructural lanthanide-copper metallacrown sulfates (Ln(III) = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy and Ho): hexaaquapentakis[μ3-glycinehydroxamato(2-)]sulfatopentacopper(II)lanthanide(III) heptaaquapentakis[μ3-glycinehydroxamato(2-)]sulfatopentacopper(II)lanthanide(III) sulfate hexahydrate.

Science.gov (United States)

Pavlishchuk, Anna V; Kolotilov, Sergey V; Fritsky, Igor O; Zeller, Matthias; Addison, Anthony W; Hunter, Allen D

2011-07-01

The seven isostructural complexes, [Cu(5)Ln(C(2)H(4)N(2)O(2))(5)(SO(4))(H(2)O)(6.5)](2)(SO(4))·6H(2)O, where Ln(III) = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy and Ho, are representatives of the 15-metallacrown-5 family. Each dianion of glycinehydroxamic acid (GlyHA) links two Cu(II) cations forming a cyclic [CuGlyHA](5) frame. The Ln(III) cations are located at the centre of the [CuGlyHA](5) rings and are bound by the five hydroxamate O atoms in the equatorial plane. Five water molecules are coordinated to Cu(II) cations, and one further water molecule, located close to an inversion centre between two adjacent [Cu(5)Ln(GlyHA)(5)](2+) cations, is disordered around this inversion centre and coordinated to a Cu(II) cation of either the first or second metallacrown ether. Another water molecule and one of the two crystallographically independent sulfate anions are coordinated, the latter in a bidentate fashion, to the Ln(III) cation in the axial positions. The second sulfate anion is not coordinated to the cation, but is located in an interstitial position on a crystallographic inversion centre, thus leading to disorder of the O atoms around the centre of inversion. The Ln-O bond distances follow the trend of the lanthanide contraction. The apical Ln-O bond distances are very close to the sums of the ionic radii. However, the Ln-O distances within the metallacrown units are slightly compressed and the Ln(III) cations protrude significantly from the plane of the otherwise flat metallacrown ligand, thus indicating that the cavity is somewhat too small to accommodate the Ln(III) ions comfortably. This effect decreases with the size of the lanthanide cation from complex (I) (Ln(III) = Pr; 0.459) to complex (VII) (Ln(III) = Ho; 0.422), which indicates that the smaller lanthanide cations fit the cavity of the pentacopper metallacrown ring better than the larger ones. The diminished contraction of Ln-O distances within the metallacrown planes leads to an aniostropic contraction of the unit

Synthesis, structures, and luminescent properties of sodium rare-earth metal(III) chloride oxotellurates(IV), Na{sub 2}Ln{sub 3}Cl{sub 3}[TeO{sub 3}]{sub 4} (Ln = Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Charkin, Dmitri O.; Dorofeev, Sergey G.; Berdonosov, Peter S.; Dolgikh, Valery A. [Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russian Federation); Zitzer, Sabine; Greiner, Stefan; Schleid, Thomas [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Universitaet Stuttgart (Germany); Olenev, Andrei V. [Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russian Federation); Sine Theta Ltd., Moscow (Russian Federation)

2017-11-17

Six sodium rare-earth metal(III) chloride oxotellurates(IV), Na{sub 2}Ln{sub 3}Cl{sub 3}[TeO{sub 3}]{sub 4}, isostructural to Na{sub 2}Y{sub 3}Cl{sub 3}[TeO{sub 3}]{sub 4}, were synthesized by flux techniques and characterized by single-crystal XRD. The compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c with lattice constants a = 23.967(1), b = 5.6342(3), c = 16.952(1) Aa, β = 134.456(5) for Ln = Sm, a = 23.932(2), b = 5.6044(5), c = 17.134(1) Aa, β = 135.151(6) for Ln = Eu, a = 23.928(1), b = 5.5928(1), c = 17.1133(8) Aa, β = 135.366(3) for Ln = Gd, a = 23.907(1), b = 5.569(3), c = 16.745(1) Aa, β = 134.205(3) for Ln = Tb, a = 23.870(1), b = 5.547(3), c = 16.665(1) Aa, β = 134.102(3) for Ln = Dy, and a = 23.814(1), b = 5.526(3), c = 16.626(1) Aa, β = 134.016(3) for Ln = Ho and Z = 4. Their crystal structure can be considered as a framework built of intergrowing Ln-O and Na-(O,Cl) slabs with channel walls decorated by tellurium atoms of [TeO{sub 3}]{sup 2-} groups. The luminescent properties of the new compounds due to the Ln{sup 3+} cations are described and discussed. We also discuss the crystal chemistry of various alkali-metal rare-earth metal(III) halide oxochalcogenates(IV). (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Contribution to the WWER-440 Gd-assembly evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cudrnak, P.; Darilek, P.; Necas, V.

2009-01-01

Development activities, presented in the paper, contribute to the evolution of gadolinium fuel for the WWER-440 reactors. Short overview of existing and already proposed Gd-assemblies is given. Two new assembly types with improved features are described. Multiplication coefficients and pin power peaking factors of all mentioned gadolinium assemblies are compared. Animations of power distribution behaviour in selected Gd-assemblies are shown. (Authors)

GdF in Hungary: the East in progress

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1996-01-01

After Germany and the Czech Republic, Gaz de France (GdF) has decided to export its know-how and technologies about natural gas into Hungary. Thanks to the Hungarian privatization program started in 1995, GdF could obtain the major participation in the Degaz and Egaz companies, two out of the five local distribution companies, and controls 22% of the natural gas distribution in Hungary. (J.S.)

Domain walls and exchange-interaction in Permalloy/Gd films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ranchal, R; Aroca, C; Lopez, E

2008-01-01

In this work we study the exchange coupling in Permalloy (Py)/gadolinium (Gd) bilayers. The exchange-coupled Py/Gd system is very temperature dependent and moreover the magnetization process in the Py layer is mainly due to domain wall (DW) displacements which are strongly controlled by pinning effects. We propose that this pinning could be caused by magnetostatic and exchange interactions between Py DWs and the magnetostrictive Gd layer. These effects mask the antiferromagnetic coupling between layers and, depending on temperature and Py thicknesses, apparent ferromagnetic coupling occurs. The study has been performed in the 80-300 K temperature range for different Py layer thicknesses and different Py induced anisotropies

GEC-targeted HO-1 expression reduces proteinuria in glomerular immune injury.

Science.gov (United States)

Duann, Pu; Lianos, Elias A

2009-09-01

Induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a key defense mechanism against oxidative stress. Compared with tubules, glomeruli are refractory to HO-1 upregulation in response to injury. This can be a disadvantage as it may be associated with insufficient production of cytoprotective heme-degradation metabolites. We, therefore, explored whether 1) targeted HO-1 expression can be achieved in glomeruli without altering their physiological integrity and 2) this expression reduces proteinuria in immune injury induced by an anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody (Ab). We employed a 4.125-kb fragment of a mouse nephrin promoter downstream to which a FLAG-tagged hHO-1 cDNA sequence was inserted and subsequently generated transgenic mice from the FVB/N parental strain. There was a 16-fold higher transgene expression in the kidney than nonspecific background (liver) while the transprotein immunolocalized in glomerular epithelial cells (GEC). There was no change in urinary protein excretion, indicating that GEC-targeted HO-1 expression had no effect on glomerular protein permeability. Urinary protein excretion in transgenic mice with anti-GBM Ab injury (days 3 and 6) was significantly lower compared with wild-type controls. There was no significant change in renal expression levels of profibrotic (TGF-beta1) or anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in transgenic mice with anti-GBM Ab injury. These observations indicate that GEC-targeted HO-1 expression does not alter glomerular physiological integrity and reduces proteinuria in glomerular immune injury.

Synthesis Of Gd-dtpa-folat For Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent And Characterization By Using 153gd-dtpa-folate Radioactive

OpenAIRE

G., Adang H; S., Yono; Maskur

2012-01-01

Contrast agent was used to clarify the image of the organ that is difficult to distinguish by MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) techniques, particularly in soft tissues of the central nervous system, liver, digestive system, lymphatic system, breast, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. One of the commonly used contrast agents in hospitals is Gadolinium-DieThylenetriamine Pentaacetic Acid (Gd-DTPA). Gd-DTPA is non specific contrast agent, therefore it has led to develop a contrast agent that ...

Experimental Investigation of Phase Equilibria in the Ho-Ti-Si Ternary System at 973 K (700 °C)

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Feng; Zhan, Yongzhong

2018-02-01

Phase equilibrium relations of the Ho-Ti-Si ternary system at 973 K (700 °C) were experimentally researched by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The isothermal section of the system at 973 K (700 °C) consists of 14 three-phase regions, 27 two-phase regions, and 14 single-phase regions. The phases Ti5Si3, Ti5Si4, TiSi, TiSi2, Ho5Si3, Ho5Si4, HoSi, αHoSi2-b, and βHoSi2-a are proved to exist at 973 K (700 °C). Previously reported HoTiSi and Ho2Ti3Si4 ternary compounds were confirmed to exist at this temperature. The solubility of Ho in the intermediate phases (i.e., TiSi2, TiSi, Ti5Si4, and Ti5Si3) at the Ti-Si side is extremely small. The maximum solubilities of Ti in HoSi2-b, Ho5Si4, and Ho5Si3 are confirmed to be 8.0, 7.2, and 6.0 at. pct, respectively.

Observations of OH and HO2 radicals in coastal Antarctica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. J.-B. Bauguitte

2007-08-01

Full Text Available OH and HO2 radical concentrations have been measured in the boundary layer of coastal Antarctica for a six-week period during the austral summer of 2005. The measurements were performed at the British Antarctic Survey's Halley Research Station (75° 35' S, 26° 19' W, using the technique of on-resonance laser-induced fluorescence to detect OH, with HO2 measured following chemical conversion through addition of NO. The mean radical levels were 3.9×105 molecule cm−3 for OH, and 0.76 ppt for HO2 (ppt denotes parts per trillion, by volume. Typical maximum (local noontime levels were 7.9×105 molecule cm−3 and 1.50 ppt for OH and HO2 respectively. The main sources of HOx were photolysis of O3 and HCHO, with potentially important but uncertain contributions from HONO and higher aldehydes. Of the measured OH sinks, reaction with CO and CH4 dominated, however comparison of the observed OH concentrations with those calculated via the steady state approximation indicated that additional co-reactants were likely to have been present. Elevated levels of NOx resulting from snowpack photochemistry contributed to HOx cycling and enhanced levels of OH, however the halogen oxides IO and BrO dominated the CH3O2 – HO2 – OH conversion in this environment, with associated ozone destruction.

A Rare Form of Guillan Barre Syndrome: A Child Diagnosed with Anti-GD1a and Anti-GD1b Positive Pharyngeal-Cervical-Brachial Variant

OpenAIRE

Uysalol, Metin; Tatlı, Burak; Uzel, Nedret; Çıtak, Agop; Aygün, Erhan; Kayaoğlu, Semra

2013-01-01

Background: Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial (PCB) variant is a rare form of Guillan-Barre Syndrome (GBS). Antibodies against other membrane proteins like GM1b and GD1a have been found only in a small number of patients with Guillan Barre syndrome variant. Case Report: Here, we report a 5.5 year-old boy diagnosed early with positive GD1a and GD1b gangliosides of Guillan-Barre syndrome pharyngeal cervical-Brachial variant, who improved and recovered fully in a short period. This is in co...

A Rare Form of Guillan Barre Syndrome: A Child Diagnosed with Anti-GD1a and Anti-GD1b Positive Pharyngeal-Cervical-Brachial Variant

OpenAIRE

Uysalol, Metin; Tatlı, Burak; Uzel, Nedret; Çıtak, Agop; Aygün, Erhan; Kayaoğlu, Semra

2014-01-01

Background: Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial (PCB) variant is a rare form of Guillan-Barre Syndrome (GBS). Antibodies against other membrane proteins like GM1b and GD1a have been found only in a small number of patients with Guillan Barre syndrome variant. Case Report: Here, we report a 5.5 year-old boy diagnosed early with positive GD1a and GD1b gangliosides of Guillan-Barre syndrome pharyngeal cervical-Brachial variant, who improved and recovered fully in a short period. This is in cont...

Ultrasensitive interplay between ferromagnetism and superconductivity in NbGd composite thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Bawa, Ambika; Gupta, Anurag; Singh, Sandeep; Awana, V. P. S.; Sahoo, Sangeeta

2016-01-01

A model binary hybrid system composed of a randomly distributed rare-earth ferromagnetic (Gd) part embedded in an s-wave superconducting (Nb) matrix is being manufactured to study the interplay between competing superconducting and ferromagnetic order parameters. The normal metallic to superconducting phase transition appears to be very sensitive to the magnetic counterpart and the modulation of the superconducing properties follow closely to the Abrikosov-Gor’kov (AG) theory of magnetic impurity induced pair breaking mechanism. A critical concentration of Gd is obtained for the studied NbGd based composite films (CFs) above which superconductivity disappears. Besides, a magnetic ordering resembling the paramagnetic Meissner effect (PME) appears in DC magnetization measurements at temperatures close to the superconducting transition temperature. The positive magnetization related to the PME emerges upon doping Nb with Gd. The temperature dependent resistance measurements evolve in a similar fashion with the concentration of Gd as that with an external magnetic field and in both the cases, the transition curves accompany several intermediate features indicating the traces of magnetism originated either from Gd or from the external field. Finally, the signatures of magnetism appear evidently in the magnetization and transport measurements for the CFs with very low (<1 at.%) doping of Gd.

Large magnetocaloric effect of GdNiAl{sub 2} compound

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dembele, S.N.; Ma, Z.; Shang, Y.F. [School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Fu, H., E-mail: fuhao@uestc.edu.cn [School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Balfour, E.A. [School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Hadimani, R.L.; Jiles, D.C. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Teng, B.H.; Luo, Y. [School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China)

2015-10-01

This paper presents the structure, magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric effect of the polycrystalline compound GdNiAl{sub 2}. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement and Rietveld refinement revealed that GdNiAl{sub 2} alloy is CuMgAl{sub 2}-type phase structure with about 1 wt% GdNi{sub 2}Al{sub 3} secondary phase. Magnetic measurements suggest that the compound is ferromagnetic and undergoes a second-order phase transition near 28 K. The maximum value of magnetic entropy change reaches 16.0 J/kg K for an applied magnetic field change of 0–50 kOe and the relative cooling power was 6.4×10{sup 2} J/kg. It is a promising candidate as a magnetocaloric material working near liquid hydrogen temperature (~20 K) exhibiting large relative cooling power. - Highlights: • Preferred orientation with axis of [010] was found in the GdNiAl{sub 2} compound. • The ΔS{sub Mmax} and the RCP are 16.0 J/kg K and 640 J/kg, respectively, for ΔH=50 kOe. • Relative low rare earth content in GdNiAl{sub 2} comparing with other candidates.

Enhanced flux pinning by BaZrO3 and (Gd,y)2O3 nano-structures in metal organic chemical vapor deposited GdYBCO high temperature superconductor tapes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen, Y [SuperPower Incorporated, Schenectady, New York; Selvamanickam, V. [SuperPower Incorporated, Schenectady, New York; Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans [ORNL; Cantoni, Claudia [ORNL; Aytug, Tolga [ORNL; Goyal, Amit [ORNL; Lee, Dominic F [ORNL; Specht, Eliot D [ORNL; Zuev, Yuri L [ORNL; Zhang, Yifei [ORNL

2009-01-01

We have formed BaZrO3 nano-columns and (Gd,Y)2O3 nano-precipitates in reel-to-reel MOCVD processed (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3O7-x coated conductors and increased the critical currents (Ic) of the conductors in applied magnetic fields to remarkable levels. A (Gd,Y)Ba2Cu3O7-x tape of 1m length with 6.5% Zr-additions and 30% composition rich in both Gd and Y showed Ic values of 813 A/cm-width at (self-field, 77K) and above 186 A/cm-width at (1T, 77K). The strongly enhanced flux pinning over a wide range of magnetic field orientations can be attributed to the bidirectionally aligned defect structures of BaZrO3 and (Gd,Y)2O3 created by optimized MOCVD conditions.

Comparing the physical properties of Pr/Gd and Pr/Ce substitutions in Ru(Gd1.5Ce0.5)Sr2Cu2O10- δ

Science.gov (United States)

Khajehnezhad, A.; Nikseresht, N.; Hadipour, H.; Akhavan, M.

2008-06-01

We have compared the electrical and magnetic properties of Ru(Gd1.5- x Pr x )Ce0.5Sr2Cu2O10- δ (Pr/Gd samples) with x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.033, 0.035, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.1 and RuGd1.5(Ce0.5- x Pr x ) Sr2 Cu2O10- δ (Pr/Ce samples) with x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 prepared by the standard solid-state reaction technique. We obtained the XRD patterns for different samples with various x. The lattice parameters versus x for different substitutions have been obtained from Rietveld analysis. To determine how the magnetic and superconducting properties of these layered cuprate systems can be affected by Pr substitution, the resistivity, and magnetoresistivity, with H ext varying from 0.0 to 15 kOe, have been measured at various temperatures. Superconducting transition temperature T c and magnetic transition T irr , have been obtained through resistivity and ac susceptibility measurements. The T c suppression due to Pr/Gd and Pr/Ce substitutions show competition between pair breaking by magnetic impurities, hole doping due to different valances of ions, difference in ionic radii, and oxygen stoichiometry. Pr/Gd substitution suppresses superconductivity more rapidly than for Pr/Ce, showing that the effect of hole doping and magnetic impurity pair breaking is stronger than the difference in ionic radii. In Pr/Gd substitution, the small difference between the ionic radii of Pr3+,4+ and Gd3+, and absorption of more oxygen due to the higher valence of Pr with respect to Gd, decreases the mean Ru-Ru distance, and as a result, the magnetic exchange interaction becomes stronger with the increase of x. However, Pr/Ce substitution has the opposite effect. The magnetic parameters such as H c , obtained through magnetization measurements versus applied magnetic field isotherm at 77 K and room temperatures, become stronger with x in Pr/Gd and weaker with x in Pr/Ce substitution.

Identifying the influence of the intrinsic defects in Gd-doped ZnO thin-films

KAUST Repository

Flemban, Tahani H.; Sequeira, M. C.; Zhang, Z.; Venkatesh, S.; Alves, E.; Lorenz, K.; Roqan, Iman S.

2016-01-01

Gd-doped ZnO thin films were prepared using pulsed laser deposition at different oxygen pressures and varied Gd concentrations. The effects of oxygen deficiency-related defects on the Gd incorporation, optical and structural properties, were explored by studying the impact of oxygen pressure during deposition and post-growth thermal annealing in vacuum. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry revealed that the Gd concentration increases with increasing oxygen pressure for samples grown with the same Gd-doped ZnO target. Unexpectedly, the c-lattice parameter of the samples tends to decrease with increasing Gd concentration, suggesting that Gd-defect complexes play an important role in the structural properties. Using low-temperature photoluminescence(PL), Raman measurements and density functional theory calculations, we identified oxygen vacancies as the dominant intrinsic point defects. PL spectra show a defect band related to oxygen vacancies for samples grown at oxygen deficiency.

Identifying the influence of the intrinsic defects in Gd-doped ZnO thin-films

KAUST Repository

Flemban, Tahani H.

2016-02-08

Gd-doped ZnO thin films were prepared using pulsed laser deposition at different oxygen pressures and varied Gd concentrations. The effects of oxygen deficiency-related defects on the Gd incorporation, optical and structural properties, were explored by studying the impact of oxygen pressure during deposition and post-growth thermal annealing in vacuum. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry revealed that the Gd concentration increases with increasing oxygen pressure for samples grown with the same Gd-doped ZnO target. Unexpectedly, the c-lattice parameter of the samples tends to decrease with increasing Gd concentration, suggesting that Gd-defect complexes play an important role in the structural properties. Using low-temperature photoluminescence(PL), Raman measurements and density functional theory calculations, we identified oxygen vacancies as the dominant intrinsic point defects. PL spectra show a defect band related to oxygen vacancies for samples grown at oxygen deficiency.

Monte Carlo study of the magnetic properties of GdSb alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Masrour, R., E-mail: rachidmasrour@hotmail.com [Laboratory of Materials, Processes, Environment and Quality, Cady Ayyed University, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Bouzid, Safi, BP, 46000 63 (Morocco); LMPHE (URAC 12), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Av. Ibn Batouta, B.P. 1014, Rabat (Morocco); Bahmad, L. [LMPHE (URAC 12), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Av. Ibn Batouta, B.P. 1014, Rabat (Morocco); Hlil, E.K. [Institut Néel, CNRS et Université Joseph Fourier, BP 166, F-38042 Grenoble cedex 9 (France); Hamedoun, M. [Institute of Layers and Nanotechnologies, MAScIR, Rabat (Morocco); Benyoussef, A. [LMPHE (URAC 12), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Av. Ibn Batouta, B.P. 1014, Rabat (Morocco); Institute of Layers and Nanotechnologies, MAScIR, Rabat (Morocco); Hassan II Academy of Science and Technology, Rabat (Morocco)

2014-03-15

The magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic GdSb layers have been studied using Monte Carlo simulations within the Ising model framework. The considered Hamiltonian includes first nearest-neighbor, an external magnetic field and a crystal field. The thermal magnetizations and magnetic susceptibilities are computed for a fixed size. In addition, the Néel temperature is deduced. The magnetization versus the exchange interactions and crystal field are studied for a fixed system size, N=5, 7 and 9 sites. The magnetic hysteresis cycle versus temperature is also established. - Highlights: • Determination of the Néel temperature of GdSb by MC simulations. • Magnetic hysteresis cycle of GdSb. • Determination of saturation magnetization and field coercive in GdSb.

Basivertebral plexus enhancement at MR imaging after Gd-DTPA administration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bronstein, A.D.; Cohen, W.A.; Maravilla, K.R.

1989-01-01

This paper presents a study to identify noncontrast versus post-Gd-DTPA MR images of the spine, we analyzed the basivertebral plexus. The authors postulate that there are consistent patterns of enhancement specific with Gd-DTPA. This is a retrospective examination of the normal appearance and enhancement patterns of the basivertebral plexus in 805 vertebrae of 30 patients who underwent pre- and post-Gd-DTPA T1-weighted sagittal MR imaging of the spine. All patients show enhancement of the basivertebral plexus in a significant number of vertebrae when pre-and postcontrast images are compared

Study on preparation of 166Ho-Chitosan oriented in the treatment of liver cancer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dang Ho Hong Quang; Duong Van Dong; Bui Van Cuong; Nguyen Thanh Binh; Nguyen Thanh Nhan; Nguyen Dinh Lam; Nguyen Thi Thu

2017-01-01

This study describes the process for the preparation and quality control of 166 Ho-Chitosan product. The labeling conditions of chitosan with 166 Ho radioisotope were carried out such as the concentration of chitosan, pH, temperature and reaction time to create 166 Ho-Chitosan compositions. Product quality inspection 166 Ho-Chitosan on the criteria as nuclide purity, radiochemical purity, tested for sterility and bacterial endotoxin. The results of survey showed that 166 Ho labeled with chitosan were completed in 1% acetic acid, 3 mCi: 30 mg ratio at pH = 3, marking time at room temperature for 30 minutes. The results of quality test have shown radionuclide purity ≥ 99%, radiochemical purity ≥ 98%, meeting the criteria for the aseptic and bacterial endotoxin according to IV Vietnam pharmacopoeia. From the above mentioned, 166 Ho-Chitosan compositions meet the quality criteria of the radiopharmaceuticals, therefore, it can be used in pre-clinical research and its application in clinical treatment. (author)

Optical transitions of Ho(3+) in oxyfluoride glasses and upconversion luminescence of Ho(3+)/Yb(3+)-codoped oxyfluoride glasses.

Science.gov (United States)

Feng, Li; Wu, Yinsu

2015-05-05

Optical properties of Ho(3+)-doped SiO2-BaF2-ZnF2 glasses have been investigated on the basis of the Judd-Ofelt theory. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, radiative transition probabilities, fluorescence branching ratios and radiative lifetimes have been calculated for different glass compositions. Upconversion emissions were observed in Ho(3+)/Yb(3+)-codoped SiO2-BaF2-ZnF2 glasses under 980nm excitation. The effects of composition, concentration of the doping ions, and excitation pump power on the upconversion emissions were also systematically studied. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fuel densification study about uranium- 7% nanostructured gadolinium (Gd2O3)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Serafim, Antonio da Costa

2016-01-01

The sintering process of UO 2 -Gd 2 O 3 pellets has been investigated in this work for its importance in the nuclear industry and for its complex behavior during sintering. Sintering blockage occurs from 1300 deg C upwards, when densification is shifted toward higher temperatures and the final density obtained is decreased. This research includes the development of nuclear fuel for power reactors in order to increase its efficiency inside the reactor core by raising the burnup. The use of nanosized Gd 2 O 3 was studied in the range from 10 to 30nm, which was added to UO 2 , trying to verify the occurrence of characteristic sintering blockage due to Kirkendall sintering effect observed in previous research. The samples were produced by dry mechanical mixture of UO 2 powder and 7% Gd 2 O 3 (macro- and nanostructured). The powders were compacted and the pellets were sintered at 1700 deg C under H 2 atmosphere. These results indicate that the characteristic blockage during sintering in macrostructured system UO 2 -Gd 2 O 3 occurred in the temperature range of 1300-1500 deg C, which slows down the densification. It was observed a less intense effect when using the nanostructured Gd 2 O 3 ; it took place at the temperature of 900 deg C, then facilitating to get an additional densification. The dilatometric tests indicated shrinkage of 22, 18 and 20% respectively in UO 2 pellets, macrostructured UO 2 -7% Gd 2 O 3 and nanostructured UO 2 -7%Gd 2 O 3 . We detected 2% higher shrinkage, when nanostructured Gd 2 O 3 was used instead of macrostructured Gd 2 O 3 , which is used commercially. Then, the nanostructured results showed more adequate density for nuclear fuel usage. (author)

Gd_2O_3 nanoparticles stabilized by hydrothermally modified dextrose for positive contrast magnetic resonance imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Babić-Stojić, Branka; Jokanović, Vukoman; Milivojević, Dušan; Požek, Miroslav; Jagličić, Zvonko; Makovec, Darko; Arsikin, Katarina; Paunović, Verica

2016-01-01

Gd_2O_3 nanoparticles of a few nm in size and their agglomerates dispersed in dextrose derived polymer template were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment. The produced nanosized material was investigated by TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, SQUID measurements and NMR relaxometry. Biological evaluation of this material was done by crystal violet and MTT assays to determine the cell viability. Longitudinal and transverse NMR relaxivities of water diluted Gd_2O_3 nanoparticle dispersions measured at the magnetic field of 1.5 T, estimated to be r_1(Gd_2O_3)=9.6 s"−"1 mM"−"1 in the Gd concentration range 0.1–30 mM and r_2(Gd_2O_3)=17.7 s"−"1 mM"−"1 in the lower concentration range 0.1–0.8 mM, are significantly higher than the corresponding relaxivities measured for the standard contrast agent r_1(Gd-DTPA)=4.1 s"−"1 mM"−"1 and r_2(Gd-DTPA)=5.1 s"−"1 mM"−"1. The ratio of the two relaxivities for Gd_2O_3 nanoparticles r_2/r_1=1.8 is suitable for T_1-weighted imaging. Good MRI signal intensities of the water diluted Gd_2O_3 nanoparticle dispersions were recorded at lower Gd concentrations 0.2–0.8 mM. The Gd_2O_3 samples did not exert any significant cytotoxic effects at Gd concentrations of 0.2 mM and below. These properties of the produced Gd_2O_3 nanoparticles in hydrothermally modified dextrose make them promising for potential application in MRI for the design of a positive MRI contrast agent. - Highlights: • Gd_2O_3 nanoparticles (NPs) were stabilized by hydrothermally modified dextrose. • Magnetic moment per Gd"3"+ ion in the Gd_2O_3 NPs is much lower than that in the bulk. • The ratio r_2/r_1=1.8 for Gd_2O_3 NPs dispersions is favorable for T_1-weighted MRI. • Gd_2O_3 NPs dispersions had good MRI signal intensity just at lower Gd concentrations. • Gd concentrations of 0.2 mM and below in the Gd_2O_3 NPs dispersions were not toxic.

Extratumoral Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1 Expressing Macrophages Likely Promote Primary and Metastatic Prostate Tumor Growth.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sofia Halin Bergström

Full Text Available Aggressive tumors induce tumor-supporting changes in the benign parts of the prostate. One factor that has increased expression outside prostate tumors is hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1. To investigate HO-1 expression in more detail, we analyzed samples of tumor tissue and peritumoral normal prostate tissue from rats carrying cancers with different metastatic capacity, and human prostate cancer tissue samples from primary tumors and bone metastases. In rat prostate tumor samples, immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR showed that the main site of HO-1 synthesis was HO-1+ macrophages that accumulated in the tumor-bearing organ, and at the tumor-invasive front. Small metastatic tumors were considerably more effective in attracting HO-1+ macrophages than larger non-metastatic ones. In clinical samples, accumulation of HO-1+ macrophages was seen at the tumor invasive front, almost exclusively in high-grade tumors, and it correlated with the presence of bone metastases. HO-1+ macrophages, located at the tumor invasive front, were more abundant in bone metastases than in primary tumors. HO-1 expression in bone metastases was variable, and positively correlated with the expression of macrophage markers but negatively correlated with androgen receptor expression, suggesting that elevated HO-1 could be a marker for a subgroup of bone metastases. Together with another recent observation showing that selective knockout of HO-1 in macrophages reduced prostate tumor growth and metastatic capacity in animals, the results of this study suggest that extratumoral HO-1+ macrophages may have an important role in prostate cancer.

Hydrogen absorption in CexGd1−x alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bereznitsky, M.; Bloch, J.; Yonovich, M.; Schweke, D.; Mintz, M.H.; Jacob, I.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Ce x Gd 1−x alloys exhibit the most negative heats of hydride formation ever found. ► Thermodynamics of H absorption in Ce x Gd 1−x correlates with the alloys hardness. ► The entropies of H solution and hydride formation reflect the hydrogen vibrations. ► Terminal hydrogen solubilities change in a monotonic way between Ce and Gd. - Abstract: The effect of alloying on the thermodynamics of hydrogen absorption was studied for Ce x Gd 1−x alloys (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) at temperatures between 850 K and 1050 K in the 1–10 −4 Torr pressure range. The temperature-dependent hydrogen solubilities and plateau pressures for hydride formation were obtained from hydrogen absorption isotherms. The terminal hydrogen solubility (THS) at a given temperature changes in a monotonic way as a function of x. It is approximately three times higher in Gd, than in Ce, throughout the investigated temperature range. This monotonic behavior is opposed to that of many other substitutional alloys, for which the hydrogen terminal solubility increases with increasing solute concentrations. The enthalpies, ΔH f , and the entropies, ΔS f , of the dihydride formation exhibit a pronounced and broad negative minimum starting at x ≈ 0.15, yielding the most negative ΔH f values ever found for metal hydrides. On the other hand, the enthalpies and entropies of ideal solution display a positive trend at x = 0.15 and x = 0.3. Both behaviors are considered in view of a reported distinct variation of the Ce x Gd 1−x hardness as a function of x. The particular compositional variations of the entropies of solution and formation as a function of x reflect most likely the vibrational properties of the hydrogen atoms in the metal matrices.

Unoccupied surface electronic structure of Gd(0001)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, D.; Dowben, P.A.; Ortega, J.E.; Himpsel, F.J.

1994-01-01

The unoccupied surface electronic structure of Gd(0001) was investigated with high-resolution inverse-photoemission spectroscopy. An empty surface state near E F is observed at bar Γ. Two other surface-sensitive features are also revealed at 1.2 and 3.1 eV above the Fermi level. Hydrogen adsorption on Gd surfaces was used to distinguish the surface-sensitive features from the bulk features. The unoccupied bulk-band critical points are determined to be Γ 3 + at 1.9 eV and A 1 at 0.8 eV

Structural and magnetic properties of Gd{sup 3+} ion substituted magnesium ferrite nanopowders

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elkady, Ashraf S. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia); Department of Reactor Physics, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt); Hussein, Shaban I. [Department of Reactor Physics, NRC, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo (Egypt); Rashad, Mohamed M., E-mail: rashad133@yahoo.com [Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Helwan, Cairo 11421 (Egypt)

2015-07-01

Nanocrystalline MgGd{sub x}Fe{sub 2−x}O{sub 4} powders (where x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3) have been synthesized by the ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-based sol–gel combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were applied in order to study the effect of variation of Gd{sup 3+} ion substitution and its impact on crystal structure, crystallite size, lattice parameters, nanostructure and magnetic properties of the formed powders. XRD indicated that, after doping and calcination at 400 °C for 2 h, all samples have two spinel ferrite structures namely cubic and tetragonal phases, which are dependent on Gd{sup 3+} ion concentration. The cubic phase is found to increase with increasing the Gd{sup 3+} ion molar ratio up to 0.1, compared to pure MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and higher Gd{sup 3+} content samples. Indeed, with increasing Gd{sup 3+} ion, the crystallite size was almost unchanged whereas the lattice parameter was found to increase. FT-IR spectrum showed broadening of the ν{sub 2} band and the presence of another band in the range (465–470 cm{sup −1}) upon adding Gd{sup 3+} ion, which confirm the presence of Gd{sup 3+} ion in addition to Fe{sup 3+} ion at octahedral site. Besides, these bands were assigned to the formation of (Gd{sup 3+}–O{sup 2−}) complexes at B-sites. HRTEM images showed that the studied samples consist of nanocrystallites having average particle sizes around 9 nm for pure MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} up to 27 and 42 nm for the Gd{sup 3+} ion substituted MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} of molar ratio 0.05 and 0.30, respectively. An examination of the magnetic properties revealed an increase in saturation magnetization with increasing Gd concentration incorporation up to x=0.1, as a result of the change of cubic and tetragonal spinel ratio and lattice parameters. Meanwhile, the formed powders exhibited

Extraction of 152Gd from HFIR control plates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kohring, M.W.

1986-01-01

The primary method of 153 Gd production at the Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL) research reactors since 1980 has been the irradiation of a natural europium oxide powder (Eu 2 O 3 ) followed by the chemical extraction of the gadolinium fraction. The specific activity of the resulting source is 45 to 50 Ci/g with a radiochemical purity of > 99.99%. A potential alternative method involves the extraction of gadolinium from the europium-bearing region of highly radioactive, spent control plates used in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR), followed by neutron irradiation. This alternative to the traditional process is attractive in that chemical separation of the europium and gadolinium occurs before the 153 Gd production irradiation, thus reducing process and decay losses and, most significantly, the gadolinium is highly enriched in the parent isotope, 152 Gd. Investigation into the usefulness of the gadolinium isotopes contained in spent HFIR control plates began in the late 1960s. However, separation of the gadolinium from the europium to the purity levels required for a marketable specific activity could not be attained. Due to the recent increase in 153 Gd demand and separation process improvements, research into this valuable source of parent material was resurrected

Gd-DTPA administered MR imaging of intracranial mass lesions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mihara, Futoshi; Hirakata, Ryosuke; Hasuo, Kanehiro; Yasumori, Kotaro; Yoshida, Kisaku; Kuroiwa, Toshiro; Masuda, Kouji; Fukui, Masashi

1989-01-01

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 13 intracranial mass lesions taken with the intravenous administration of gadolinium-DTPA were evaluated in comparison with precontrast computed tomography (CT), postcontrast CT, and precontrast MR. In the MR images taken with Gd-DTPA, tumor delineation improved in eight of 13 cases (62%) in comparison with precontrast MR images, and in seven of 13 cases (54%) in comparison with the overall evaluation of precontrast CT, postcontrast CT, and precontrast MR images. Tumor demarcation was unchanged in the remaining cases; no deterioration was observed with Gd-DTPA administration. MR imaging with Gd-DTPA should be performed to better evaluate the extent of intracranial mass lesions and to provide additional information. (author)

Ozone decomposition in water studied by pulse radiolysis. 2. OH and HO4 as chain intermediates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Staehelin, J.; Buehler, R.E.; Hoigne, J.

1984-01-01

Ozone decomposition in pure water involves a chain mechanism, initiated by the reaction OH - +O 3 and propogated by O 2 - and OH. In the present studies this chain is initiated by pulse radiolysis of aqueous solutions of ozone. The chain propogation steps were studied in two parts. By computer simulation of the rate curves, it is shown that from OH + O 3 and intermediate HO 4 must be formed, most likely a charge-transfer complex (HO.O 3 ), which eventually decays into HO 2 . The derived rate constants for the formation of the various species are included. The spectrum of HO 4 is derived. It is similar to the one of ozone, but the absorption coefficients are about 50% larger. In the presence of high ozone concentration, the dominant chain termination reactions are HO 4 + HO 4 and HO 4 + HO 3 . The effect on chain length, dose, overall rate, and pH and of added scavengers is described. The implications for the natural ozone decay mechanism are discussed

Study on the preparation of 166Ho-patch for a skin cancer treatment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Y. M.; Kim, K. H.; Han, K. H.; Park, E. W.; Shin, B. C.; Park, K. B.; Lee, J. D.

1998-01-01

Radioactive patch containing holmium-166 has been developed for skin cancer treatment, and then applied to animal model and patients with malignant skin cancer. 165Ho-Patch prepared by dissolving polyurethane and 165 Ho(NO 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 O in mixing solvent of DMF and THF and casting on aluminium dish was irradiated in ''HANARO'' reactor ( Φth = 1.25 X 1013 n/cm 2 '·sec, power = 15 MW), which results in preparing 166 Ho-Patch emitting β energy of Max. 1.86 MeV (51 %), 1.78 MeV (48 %), mean 0.67 MeV and low γ energy. The 166 Ho-Patch specially designed was applied to the superficial skin cancers. Their efficacy and safety have been investigated for several months. Radioactive patch was ready to prepare by post-irradiation without special danger by radioactive material. Skin tumor could be successfully treated with 166 Ho-Patch in animal model and patients. In animal model and patients, the world's first noninvasive 166Ho-Patch readily prepared by post-irradiation proved to be safe and effective in treatment for skin cancer

NMR measurements in milled RE-TM2 compounds (RE=Gd and TM=Co, Fe)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tribuzy, C.V.; Guimaraes, A.P.; Biondo, A.; Larica, C.; Alves, K.M.B.

1996-09-01

Milled samples of the Laves phase intermetallic compounds Gd Fe 2 and Gd CO 2 were measured by NMR at 4.2 K. The milling was made from the crystalline intermetallic compounds, inside a cylindrical tool made of hard steel, under argon atmosphere, for several different time intervals. The initial compounds were produced from high purity elements in an arc furnace, under inert atmosphere. Their X-ray diffraction patterns agreed with those of the literature. The milling of Gd Fe 2 and of Gd CO 2 , induces amorphization. Above 1 hour the milling of Gd Fe 2 leads to segregation of α-Fe and formation of a Gd-Fe phase. These results are shown in the X-ray analysis. The spin-echo pulse NMR technique was utilized to study some structural and magnetic as a function of milling time. The measurements were made in a broad band pulse NMR spectrometer. The NMR spectra of the 155 Gd 157 Gd isotopes in Gd Fe 2 show a broadening and displacement of the NMR lines, reflecting the introduction of defects, some kind of disorder and also the formation of a new Gd-rich phase after 1 hour. This result is in agreement with the X-ray spectra. In both systems, the spectra of the amorphous samples show broader lines, and the measured hyperfine fields do not change much with milling. (author). 9 refs., 4 figs

Gd-BOPTA-enhanced excretory MR urography without administration of diuretics; Gd-BOPTA-gestuetzte MR-Ausscheidungsurographie ohne Diuretikagabe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Allkemper, T.; Tombach, B.; Heindel, W. [Muenster Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Klinische Radiologie

2001-02-01

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and clinical utility of Gd-BOPTA enhanced excretory magnetic resonance urography without additional administration of diuretics in correlation with conventional urography. Method: 15 preoperative patients with pelvic tumors were examined at 1.5 T using a breath-hold high-resolution 3D-FLASH sequence during first-pass as well as 5, 10, 15 minutes after iv. injection of 0.05 mmol/kg BW Gd-BOPTA (MultiHance {sup trademark}) without administration of diuretics. Post-processed coronal and multiplanar MIP reconstructions were compared to conventional excretory urography with regard to morphologic accuracy, anatomic variability, filling defects, cause and level of obstruction or compression, tumor visibility, and time-effectiveness by two independent radiologists. Results: Visualization of the urinary tract by MRU was comparable to conventional excretory urography in 14 of 15 cases. Caliceal fornices were better delineated on conventional urographies, whereas MRU was considered superior in the assessment of the inferior ureter sections, the urinary bladder and obstructive tumors, whose extents could be clearly marked out. Examination times of both techniques were comparable. Conclusion: These first results show that non-diuretic Gd-BOPTA enhanced MRU is comparable to conventional excretory urography for the preoperative diagnosis of pelvic tumors. Further improvements of this technique seem possible by optimization of examination intervals and injection doses. (orig.) [German] Ziel: Abschaetzung der Durchfuehrbarkeit und des klinischen Nutzens der Gd-BOPTA-gestuetzten MR-Ausscheidungsurographie (MRU) ohne zusaetzliche Diuretikagabe im Vergleich zur konventionellen Ausscheidungsurographie. Methoden: 15 Patienten mit Beckentumoren wurden praeoperativ an einem 1.5 T-Ganzkoerpersystem mit Hilfe einer atemgehaltenen, hochaufloesenden 3D-FLASH-Sequenz unmittelbar nach intra-venoeser Applikation von 0,05 mmol/kg KG Gd-BOPTA (MultiHance {sup

Study of the superdeformed states of the gadolinium nuclei: neutron excitations in {sup 147}Gd nucleus; Etude des etats superdeformes de noyaux de Gadolinium: Excitations neutron dans le noyau {sup 147}Gd

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khadiri, Najia [Institut de Recherche Subatomique, CNRS-IN2P3 - Universite Louis Pasteur, 67 - Strasbourg (France)

1997-10-17

This work is devoted to nuclear structure studies of superdeformed states in the second potential well. Under focus are the gadolinium isotopes and in particular the {sup 147}Gd nucleus. High spin states in {sup 147}Gd have been populating by {sup 122}Sn ({sup 30}Si,5n){sup 147}Gd fusion-evaporation reaction with a silicon beam of 158 MeV delivered by the VIVITRON accelerator of the Institut de Recherches Subatomiques. The nucleus {gamma} de-excitations have been measured using the EUROGAM II {gamma}-ray multidetector. On the basis of multiple coincidences, four new superdeformed (SD) rotational bands have been assigned to {sup 147}Gd nucleus. Nuclear structures corresponding to these bands have been investigated by shell model calculations using a harmonic oscillator potential with cranking, in the Nilsson Strutinsky formalism. Comparison of dynamical moments of inertia of band (1) and (5) in {sup 147}Gd with {sup 148}Gd(2) and {sup 146}Gd(1) SD bands has fixed the role of the [651 1/2]{alpha} = -1/2 orbital crossing frequency. Theoretical calculations reproduce quite well the {sup 148}Gd(2), {sup 127}Gd(1,5) and G{sup 146}Gd(1) dynamical moments of inertia. Using the particle hole excitation nature of {sup 149,148,147,146}Gd bands, effective spin alignment of [651 1/2]{alpha}= {+-}1/2, [770 1/2]{alpha} = -1/2 and [441 1/2]{alpha} = +1/2 orbitals have been deduced from the experiment in agreement with the theoretical values. Of particular interest, the spin alignment measured for the [441 1/2]{alpha} +1/2 orbital, with a value close to zero, is in contradiction with the value predicted by the Pseudo SU(3) model, formalism often used to explain the identical band phenomenon. (author) 68 refs., 41 figs., 17 tabs.

Neutronic analysis of Gd2O3 as burnable poison

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lecot, C.A.

1990-01-01

For the reactors core design, the use of burnable poisons is one of the options for the control of in excess reactivity and the power form factor. As alternative procedures, the absorbing material may be included in pellets of an inert material or in fuel pellets. Besides, a cladding material and the locations of the fuel elements must be chosen for the first case. The CAREM reactor core design foresees the use of gadolinium oxide (Gd 2 O 3 ) as burnable poison. In this work, a comparative study was made, from the neutronic point of view, among the following alternatives for the poisons location: a) Gd 2 O 3 bars supports in alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), sheathed in steel; b) Gd 2 O 3 bars supports in alumina sheathed in Zry-4; c) Gd 2 O 3 in uranium dioxide (UO 2 ) fuel pellets. (Author) [es

Animal experiments and clinical trials of {sup 166}Ho-chitosan for various cancers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lim, Sang Moo; Choi, C W; Kim, E H; Woo, K S; Chung, W S; Lee, J I; Park, S Y; Son, Y S; Lee, S H; Kim, S J; Kim, B G; Kim, J H; Lee, C H [Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1997-07-01

{sup 166}Ho is a good therapeutic radionuclide because of its suitable half-life (26.8 hours), high beta energy and 6% gamma ray for imaging. Chitosan is a kind of N-glucosamine with 400 to 500 kD MW, which chelates metal ions and degrades slowly in vivo. As a preclinical studies, we performed cytotoxic effect of {sup 166}Ho-chitosan in a variety of cancer cell lines derived from stomach or ovarian cancer based on MTT assay and HTCA method. To evaluated the absorbed dose to the cavitary wall from {sup 166}Ho-chitosan, intraperitoneal administration of {sup 166}Ho-chitosan in the rat and simulation of energy transfer from the beta particles to the cavity wall using the Monte Carlo code EGS4 was done, and used as a standard for the planning therapy. Intracavitary {sup 166}Ho-chitosan therapy were tried in peritoneal metastatic ovarian and stomach cancers and cystic brain tumors. Intraarterial injection in inoperable primary liver cancer was also tried. As a radiation synovectomy agent, biocompatibility study in the knee joints of rabbits were performed. {sup 166}Ho-chitosan showed synergistic effects with 5-FU or cisplatin in vitro. 97-99% of {sup 166}Ho-chitosan was localized within the peritoneal cavity, and more than 90% of {sup 166}Ho-chitosan was attached to the peritoneal wall. Partial response were observed in 4 among 5 patients with ovarian cancer without severe toxicity. In the cystic brain tumor, 5 of 8 cysts were shrunken in size with thinning of the wall, 2 out of 8 showed growth retardation. In the primary liver cancer, radioactivity was distributed in the teritory of selected hepatic arterial branch, and partial responses were observed in 2 cases. In the knee joints of the rabbits, more than 98% of {sup 166}Ho-chitosan remained in the joint cavity and was stable upto 1 week. 49 refs., 22 tabs. (author)

New therapeutic agent for radiation synovectomy - preparation of 166Ho-EDTMP-HA particle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bai, H.; Jin, X.; Du, J.; Wang, F.; Chen, D.; Fan, H.; Cheng, Z.; Zhang, J.

1997-01-01

In order to prepare new therapeutical agent for radiation synovectomy, Hydroxyapatite (HA) was labelled with 166 Ho by EDTMP that had high affinity to HA particles. Radiolabelling of HA particles was divided into two steps, 166 Ho-EDTMP was prepared first; then mixed with HA particles completely and vibrated for 15 minutes on the micromixer at room temperature, washed 3 times with deionized water. Radiolabelling particle was separated from free 166 Ho via centrifugation to determine its radiolabelling efficiency. 166 Ho-EDTMP-HA and 166 Ho-EDTMP were injected into knee joint of normal rabbits respectively, every group was killed at different time postinjection, took out major organ and collected urine and blood, then weighted and determined their radio counts. HA particles, as a natural component of bone was known to have good compatibility with soft tissue and biodegrade into calcium and phosphate in vivo. It was readily prepared from common chemical and formed into particles of desired size range in a controlled process, it had high stability in vitro and vivo. Radiolabelling of HA particle with 166 Ho by EDTMP was simple to perform and provides an excellent labelling yield that was more than 95% under the optimal labelling condition. The optimal labelling condition at room temperature was pH 6.0-8.0 and vibration time 15 minutes. The absorbed capacity of HA particle was 5 mg Ho/g HA particle and size of radiolabelling particle was at range of 2-5,μm that is suitable for therapy of radiation synovectomy. 166 Ho-EDTMP-HA particle demonstrated high in vitro stability in either normal saline or 1% BSA solution, but instability under extremely acidic condition (pH 1-2). The control studies performed with 166 Ho-EDTMP not bound to HA particle provided information on the distribution of radioactivity that would occur upon leakage of the radiochemical compound from joint. Its short half-life, its extremely low leakage from the joint and its even distribution throughout

Research for magnetocaloric effect of Gd{sub 1-x}Dy{sub x} alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hou, Xueling; Shitao, Li; An, Zhang; Hui, Xu; Ni, Jiansen; Zhou, Bangxin [Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai 20007 (China)

2007-12-15

The magnetocaloric effect (MEC) in Gd{sub 1-x}Dy{sub x} (x=0.13,0.20,0.27,0.34,0.40) alloys is investigated using commercial elements with purity of up to 99.80% for Gd and Dy. These alloys are prepared by arc melting in stoichiometric proportions on a water-cooled copper crucible under high pure argon atmosphere. As a result, when x was changed from 0 to 40at%, the adiabatic temperature change ({delta}T) increases from 1.6 K to 3.1 K, the Curie temperature decreased from 288 K to 245.5 K. Gd{sub 73}Dy{sub 27} exhibits the largest {delta}T{sub max} value of 3.1 K at the T{sub C} value of 260 K among the alloys investigated up to 1.2 T (tesla) applied field, it is almost same as the {delta}T of high pure unitary Gd (99.99%) and is clearly superior to commercial unitary Gd (99.80%). The T{sub C} of Gd{sub 73}Dy{sub 27} alloy is minor to high pure unitary Gd (99.99%) and commercially unitary Gd (99.80%). But this alloy prepared by commercial elements with low cost has better MEC to be a promising candidate for magnetic working substances for room temperature magnetic refrigeration. (copyright 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

Prolonged triglyceride storage in macrophages: pHo trumps pO2 and TLR4.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Mingfang; Kho, Terry; Munford, Robert S

2014-08-01

Lipid-laden macrophages contribute to pathologies as diverse as atherosclerosis and tuberculosis. Three common stimuli are known to promote macrophage lipid storage: low tissue oxygen tension (pO2), low extracellular pH (pHo), and exposure to agonists such as bacterial LPS. Noting that cells responding to low pO2 or agonistic bacterial molecules often decrease pHo by secreting lactic and other carboxylic acids, we studied how pHo influences the stimulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) storage by low pO2 and LPS. We found that TAG retention after incubation for 48-72 h was inversely related to pHo when primary macrophages were cultured in 21% oxygen, 4% oxygen, or with LPS at either oxygen concentration. Maintaining pHo at ~7.4 was sufficient to prevent the increase in prolonged TAG storage induced by either low pO2 or LPS. The strong influence of pHo on TAG retention may explain why lipid-laden macrophages are found in some tissue environments and not in others. It is also possible that other long-term cellular changes currently attributed to low pO2 or bacterial agonists may be promoted, at least in part, by the decrease in pHo that these stimuli induce.

OH and HO2 chemistry in clean marine air during SOAPEX-2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Sommariva

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Model-measurement comparisons of HOx in extremely clean air ([NO] The free-radical chemistry was studied using a zero-dimensional box-model based upon the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM. Two versions of the model were used, with different levels of chemical complexity, to explore the role of hydrocarbons upon free-radical budgets under very clean conditions. The "detailed" model was constrained to measurements of CO, CH4 and 17 NMHCs, while the "simple" model contained only the CO and CH4 oxidation mechanisms, together with inorganic chemistry. The OH and HO2 (HOx concentrations predicted by the two models agreed to within 5–10%. The model results were compared with the HOx concentrations measured by the FAGE (Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion technique during four days of clean Southern Ocean marine boundary layer (MBL air. The models overestimated OH concentrations by about 10% on two days and about 20% on the other two days. HO2 concentrations were measured during two of these days and the models overestimated the measured concentrations by about 40%. Better agreement with measured HO2 was observed by using data from several MBL aerosol measurements to estimate the aerosol surface area and by increasing the HO2 uptake coefficient to unity. This reduced the modelled HO2 overestimate by ~40%, with little effect on OH, because of the poor HO2 to OH conversion at the low ambient NOx concentrations. Local sensitivity analysis and Morris One-At-A-Time analysis were performed on the "simple" model, and showed the importance of reliable measurements of j(O1D and [HCHO] and of the kinetic parameters that determine the efficiency of O(1D to OH and HCHO to HO2 conversion. A 2σ standard deviation of 30–40% for OH and 25–30% for HO2 was estimated for the model calculations using a Monte Carlo technique coupled with Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS.

Návrh změny metody konsolidace u vybraného konsolidovaného celku

OpenAIRE

Čadová, Michaela

2017-01-01

Téma diplomové práce je konsolidace účetní závěrky. Práce obsahuje teoretická východiska, která se týkají problematiky konsolidace účetní závěrky, a tyto poznatky jsou potom zúročeny v části praktické. Analytická část se zaobírá zhodnocením současného stavu, obsahuje tedy původní konsolidaci účetní závěrky zvolené společnosti. V návrhové části je aplikována nová metoda konsolidace účetní závěrky. Následně je zhodnocen dopad změny konsolidační metody na ekonomickou situaci konsolidačního celku...

Diode laser-pumped Ho:YLF laser

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hemmati, H.

1987-01-01

The author reports laser action in Ho:YLF at 2.06 μm following optical pumping with a cw diode laser array. Diode laser-pumped Nd-YAG and Ho:YAG have been reported recently. Lasers with a wavelength of 2 μm have medical and optical communication applications. The diode laser light is focused with a 60-mm focal length lens onto the YLF crystal. A high-reflectivity mirror with 100-mm radius of curvature was used as the output coupler. The lasing threshold was at 5 mWof incident power. This is higher than expected considering that a high reflector was used as the output coupler. However, a more uniform cooling of the crystal is expected to lower the lasing threshold. With 100 mW of pump power coupled into the crystal, --20 mW of 2-μm radiation was observed from this unoptimized setup. The 2-μm laser output is highly sensitive to output coupler alignment, YLF crystal temperature, and pump laser wavelength. The 20% optical conversion efficiency achieved in his preliminary measurements is expected to be improved by better crystal cooling, proper matching of laser wavelength to crystal absorption, variations in the concentration of Ho and sensitizers and use of a proper output coupler. A study of the parameters mentioned above and the effect of crystal temperature on the laser output is under way

MR with GD-DTPA in the diagnosis of spinal lesions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fenzl, G.; Heywang, S.H.; Vogl, T.

1988-01-01

In spinal lesions GD-DTPA has led to a better diagnosis of tumors concerning the extent and differential diagnosis. Important indications for the application of GD-DTPA are intramedullary tumors: excellent information with respect to extent and differentiation cyst from tumor. At extramedullary interadural tumors we got distinction of extramedullary from intramedullary tumors and more information in the differential diagnosis for example in cases of neurinomas and meningiomas. Additional information is also obtained by means of GD-DTPA in extradural tumors: better delineation from the myelon, better possibilities to differentiate between meningiomas, neurinomas and scar and tumor. (orig.) [de

Automatická segmentace periodického pohybu srdečního svalstva v EKG záznamu

OpenAIRE

Matocha, Petr

2015-01-01

Tato práce se zabývá automatickou segmentací periodického pohybu srdečního svalstva v EKG záznamu. Popisuje návrh a implementaci aplikace, jenž automaticky segmentuje EKG záznam na jednotlivé srdeční stahy. EKG záznam je uložen samostatně nebo je součástí videozáznamu. Tyto vstupní data jsou uložena v souborech ve formátu HDF nebo DICOM. This thesis deals with the automatic segmentation of the cardiac tissue movement from ECG record. It describes the design and implementation of applicatio...

Hydrothermal synthesis of HoMn{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanorods and their size-dependent magnetic properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lv, Yichao; Wu, Songping, E-mail: chwsp@scut.edu.cn; Xu, Rui

2017-03-01

The HoMn{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanorods were synthesized by a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal process. The length of nanorods is readily controllable with basically constant diameter. HoMn{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanorods show recognizable divagation at T{sub N}(Ho) of 13 K between FC and ZFC curve due to the contribution of the magnetic ordering of holmium. Size-dependent magnetic properties (i.e. a critical length for magnetization) of HoMn{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanorods can be ascribed to the competition between surface strain and uncompensated spin at the surface. - Highlights: • HoMn{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanorods were synthesized by a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal route. • HoMn{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanorods show recognizable divagation at T{sub N}(Ho) of 13 K between FC and ZFC. • Size-dependent magnetic properties of HoMn{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanorods can be observed.

Effects of Gd substitution on the structural and magnetic properties of strontium hexaferrites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Litsardakis, G. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124 (Greece)]. E-mail: Lits@eng.auth.gr; Manolakis, I. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124 (Greece); Serletis, C. [Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124 (Greece); Efthimiadis, K.G. [Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124 (Greece)

2007-09-15

The effect of Gd substitution in M-type strontium hexaferrites has been examined in two series of samples, (Sr{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x})O.5.25Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Sr{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x}Fe{sub 12-x}Co{sub x}O{sub 19}, both prepared by the ceramic method, where x=0-0.40. The samples have been characterized by XRD, VSM and SEM-EDAX techniques. All substituted samples present primarily the hexaferrite structure. Sample (Sr{sub 0.95}Gd{sub x0.05})O.5.25Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} is single phase. Formation of impurity phases is affected by stoichiometry and presence of Co. In Sr-Gd samples, coercivity showed a maximum value of 305kA/m (3.8kOe) for x=0.20, while remanence and saturation magnetization did not decrease. Coercivity and magnetization in the Sr-Gd-Co series decreased steadily with substitution degree.

Incommensurate magnetic modulations in the magnetic superconductor HoNi2B2C

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schneider, M.; Zaharko, O.; Keller, L.; Allenspach, P.; Kreyssig, A.; Canfield, P.C.

2006-01-01

Full text: The borocarbide HoNi 2 B 2 C is an unconventional superconductor of particular interest, since long-range magnetism coexists and competes with superconductivity on a common energy range [1]. Our study is based on high quality single crystals of 11 B-substituted HoNi 2 B 2 C. The neutron diffraction investigations are devoted to two issues of specific relevance to HoNi 2 B 2 C. Firstly, the near re-entrant phase between 5K 2 B 2 C is more complicated than proposed so fare [2]. Furthermore we performed a spherical neutron polarimetry experiment to determine the two ICM magnetic structures of HoNi 2 B 2 C and neutron spectroscopy investigations to obtain the microscopic magnetic coupling parameters. All these studies resulted in quite a consistent and complete picture of magnetism in HoNi 2 B 2 C, however, we could not find clear evidence for a strong interaction between superconductivity and magnetism. (author)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Radiation-Absorbed Dose Estimation of Ho-166 Microspheres in Liver Radioembolization

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Seevinck, Peter R.; van de Maat, Gerrit H.; de Wit, Tim C.; Vente, Maarten A. D.; Nijsen, Johannes F. W.; Bakker, Chris J. G.

2012-01-01

Purpose: To investigate the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for accurate assessment of the three-dimensional Ho-166 activity distribution to estimate radiation-absorbed dose distributions in Ho-166-loaded poly (L-lactic acid) microsphere (Ho-166-PLLA-MS) liver radioembolization.

Lattice effects in HoVo3 single crystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sikora, M.; Marquina, C.; Ibarra, M.R.; Nugroho, A.A.; Palstra, T.T.M.

2007-01-01

We report the study of lattice effects in the Mott insulator HoVO 3 performed by means of linear thermal expansion on a single crystal in the temperature range 10-290 K. The holmium orthovanadate HoVO 3 reveals gradual orbital ordering (OO) below T OO =200 K and orders antiferromagnetically at T N =113 K. A first-order structural phase transition takes place at T S ∼38 K, which is probably accompanied by change of the OO type and hence the type of antiferromagnetic spin ordering

Laterally configured resistive switching device based on transition-metal nano-gap electrode on Gd oxide

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kawakita, Masatoshi; Okabe, Kyota [Department of Physics, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581 (Japan); Kimura, Takashi [Department of Physics, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581 (Japan); Research Center for Quantum Nano-Spin Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581 (Japan)

2016-01-11

We have developed a fabrication process for a laterally configured resistive switching device based on a Gd oxide. A nano-gap electrode connected by a Gd oxide with the ideal interfaces has been created by adapting the electro-migration method in a metal/GdO{sub x} bilayer system. Bipolar set and reset operations have been clearly observed in the Pt/GdO{sub x} system similarly in the vertical device based on GdO{sub x}. Interestingly, we were able to observe a clear bipolar switching also in a ferromagnetic CoFeB nano-gap electrode with better stability compared to the Pt/GdO{sub x} device. The superior performance of the CoFeB/GdO{sub x} device implies the importance of the spin on the resistive switching.

Odhady absolutního kardiovaskulárního rizika v České republice

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Reissigová, Jindra; Zvárová, Jana

2008-01-01

Roč. 88, č. 5 (2008), s. 288-292 ISSN 0032-6739 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10300504 Keywords : framinghamská studie * SCORE studie * odhad kardiovaskulárního rizika * validační studie Subject RIV: BB - Applied Statistics, Operational Research

Závislost ceny a lhůty výstavby vybraného stavebního objektu na použité technologii

OpenAIRE

Jandová, Renáta

2015-01-01

Diplomová práce se zabývá závislostí ceny se lhůtou vybraného stavebního objektu, konkrétně silničního mostu na použité technologii. Porovnány jsou tři technologie výstavby nosné konstrukce mostu. První dvě technologie uvažují prefabrikované tyčové nosníky a třetí monolitickou nosnou mostní desku. Technologický postup č. 1 je realizován montáží nosníků zavážecí dráhou za pomoci dvou autojeřábů, technologický postup č. 2 je charakterizován montáží nosníků autojeřábem zespod mostu a technologie...

The HoMBReS and HoMBReS Por un Cambio Interventions to Reduce HIV Disparities Among Immigrant Hispanic/Latino Men.

Science.gov (United States)

Rhodes, Scott D; Leichliter, Jami S; Sun, Christina J; Bloom, Fred R

2016-02-12

Hispanics/Latinos in the United States are affected disproportionately by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); however, few effective evidence-based prevention interventions for this population exist. This report describes the Hombres Manteniendo Bienestar y Relaciones Saludables (Men Maintaining Wellbeing and Healthy Relationships) (HoMBReS) intervention, which was developed by a community-based, participatory research partnership in North Carolina and initially implemented during 2005-2009. HoMBReS is an example of an effective intervention that uses lay health advisors (known as Navegantes [navigators]) in the context of existing social networks (i.e., recreational soccer teams) to promote consistent condom use and HIV and STD testing among Hispanic/Latino men. In 2012, HoMBReS was classified as a best-evidence community-level HIV prevention intervention (CDC. Compendium of evidence-based behavioral interventions and best practices for HIV prevention. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2015). The intervention has been implemented elsewhere, enhanced, and further evaluated in longitudinal intervention and implementation studies. HoMBReS has been adapted for other populations, including men who have sex with men and transgender persons. Additional evaluation has found that Navegantes continue in their roles as health advisors, opinion leaders, and community advocates after study support ends. Hispanic/Latino men's social networks can be leveraged to promote sexual health within the community by decreasing HIV risk behaviors among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States.

Surfactant mediated hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and luminescent properties of GdPO{sub 4}: Ce{sup 3+}/Tb{sup 3+} @ GdPO{sub 4} core shell nanorods

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khajuria, Heena; Ladol, Jigmet; Khajuria, Sonika; Shah, Mohd Syed; Sheikh, H.N., E-mail: hnsheikh@rediffmail.com

2016-08-15

Highlights: • Core shell nanorods were synthesised by surfactant assisted hydrothermal method. • Morphology of core shell nanorods resembles those of core nanorods indicating coating of shell on cores. • More uniform and non-aggregated core shell nanorods were prepared in presence of surfactants. • Surfactant assisted prepared core shell nanorods show intense emission as compared to uncoated core nanorods. - Abstract: Core shell GdPO{sub 4}: Ce{sup 3+}/Tb{sup 3+} @ GdPO{sub 4} nanorods were synthesized via hydrothermal route in the presence of different surfactants [cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)]. The nanorods were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and photoluminescence (PL) studies. The X-ray diffraction results indicate good crystallinity and effective doping in core and core shell nanorods. SEM and TEM micrographs show that all of the as prepared gadolinium phosphate products have rod like shape. The compositional analysis of GdPO{sub 4}: Ce{sup 3+}/Tb{sup 3+} core was done by EDS. The emission intensity of the GdPO{sub 4}: Ce{sup 3+}/Tb{sup 3+} @ GdPO{sub 4} core shell increased significantly with respect to those of GdPO{sub 4}: Ce{sup 3+}/Tb{sup 3+} core nanorods. The effect of surfactant on the uniformity, thickness and luminescence of the core shell nanorods was investigated.

Canted magnetic moments at the Gd(0001) surface

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Donggi; Zhang Jiandi; Dowben, P.A.; Tang, H.; Walker, T.G.; Hopster, H.

1993-01-01

With spin polarized electron spectroscopies, the authors have investigated ordered Gd(0001) films deposited on W(110). The photoemission features of the gadolinium 5d surface state, the 4f levels, and the background exhibit considerable spin polarization along the same direction in the plane of the film, indicative of ferromagnetic coupling between the surface and the bulk. The 4f spin polarized photoemission data provides strong evidence that the surface 4f polarization differs from the bulk 4f polarization for Gd(0001). The temperature dependent measurements with spin polarized secondary electron spectroscopy conclusively establishes that the surface of clean Gd(0001) possesses a perpendicular polarization component which persists to an enhanced surface Curie temperature. Small amounts of contamination at the surface result in the disappearance of the perpendicular component and, therefore, a more perfect ferromagnetic coupling between the surface and the bulk

HO-1-mediated macroautophagy: a mechanism for unregulated iron deposition in aging and degenerating neural tissues.

Science.gov (United States)

Zukor, Hillel; Song, Wei; Liberman, Adrienne; Mui, Jeannie; Vali, Hojatollah; Fillebeen, Carine; Pantopoulos, Kostas; Wu, Ting-Di; Guerquin-Kern, Jean-Luc; Schipper, Hyman M

2009-05-01

Oxidative stress, deposition of non-transferrin iron, and mitochondrial insufficiency occur in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). We previously demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is up-regulated in AD and PD brain and promotes the accumulation of non-transferrin iron in astroglial mitochondria. Herein, dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and other techniques were employed to ascertain (i) the impact of HO-1 over-expression on astroglial mitochondrial morphology in vitro, (ii) the topography of aberrant iron sequestration in astrocytes over-expressing HO-1, and (iii) the role of iron regulatory proteins (IRP) in HO-1-mediated iron deposition. Astroglial hHO-1 over-expression induced cytoplasmic vacuolation, mitochondrial membrane damage, and macroautophagy. HO-1 promoted trapping of redox-active iron and sulfur within many cytopathological profiles without impacting ferroportin, transferrin receptor, ferritin, and IRP2 protein levels or IRP1 activity. Thus, HO-1 activity promotes mitochondrial macroautophagy and sequestration of redox-active iron in astroglia independently of classical iron mobilization pathways. Glial HO-1 may be a rational therapeutic target in AD, PD, and other human CNS conditions characterized by the unregulated deposition of brain iron.

On 165Ho level scheme

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ardisson, Claire; Ardisson, Gerard.

1976-01-01

A 165 Ho level scheme was constructed which led to the interpretation of sixty γ rays belonging to the decay of 165 Dy. A new 702.9keV level was identified to be the 5/2 - member of the 1/2 ) 7541{ Nilsson orbit. )] [fr

Strategie Elektronického obchodu firmy

OpenAIRE

Gašpar, Petr

2011-01-01

Moje bakalářská práce se bude zabývat volbou vhodnou strategie pro vybudování elektronického obchodu maloobchodní firmy. V práci se zaměřím na to jak docílit aby firma rozšířila své působení na trhu a to právě pomocí elektronického obchodu. Dále budu ve své práci taky mapovat současnou situaci problematiky elektronických obchodů. Analyzuji trh, konkurenci a na základě těchto údajů zvolím strategii, aby elektronický obchod prosperoval. V praktické části se potom zaměřím na maloobchodní firmu J...

Shape coexistence in 153Ho

Science.gov (United States)

Pramanik, Dibyadyuti; Sarkar, S.; Saha Sarkar, M.; Bisoi, Abhijit; Ray, Sudatta; Dasgupta, Shinjinee; Chakraborty, A.; Krishichayan, Kshetri, Ritesh; Ray, Indrani; Ganguly, S.; Pradhan, M. K.; Ray Basu, M.; Raut, R.; Ganguly, G.; Ghugre, S. S.; Sinha, A. K.; Basu, S. K.; Bhattacharya, S.; Mukherjee, A.; Banerjee, P.; Goswami, A.

2016-08-01

The high-spin states in 153Ho have been studied by the La57(20Ne139,6 n ) reaction at a projectile energy of 139 MeV at the Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Kolkata, India, utilizing an earlier campaign of the Indian National Gamma Array (INGA) setup. Data from γ -γ coincidence, directional correlation, and polarization measurements have been analyzed to assign and confirm the spins and parities of the levels. We have suggested a few additions and revisions of the reported level scheme of 153Ho. The RF-γ time difference spectra have been useful to confirm the half-life of an isomer in this nucleus. From the comparison of experimental and theoretical results, it is found that there are definite indications of shape coexistence in this nucleus. The experimental and calculated lifetimes of several isomers have been compared to follow the coexistence and evolution of shape with increasing spin.

Magnetic Susceptibility of liquid Gd-NM (NM = Cu, Ga, Ge alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shimakura Hironori

2017-01-01

Full Text Available For rare earth alloys, the indirect interaction of RKKY is at work between rare-earth atoms. Therefore, the magnetism of them depends on the number of conduction electrons and the distance between rare-earth metals. In this work, to reveal the relationship between the number of conduction electrons and magnetic property of rare earth metal alloys, magnetic susceptibility measurements for liquid Gd-NM (NM = Cu, Ga, Ge was performed by Faraday method. As the results, it was observed that the sign of paramagnetic Curie temperature of Cu-Gd alloys are positive at all composition, while Ga-Gd and Ge-Gd alloys show negative paramagnetic Curie temperature at certain composition. Moreover, it was indicated when the alloy at certain composition shows highest melting temperature, it has the lowest paramagnetic Curie temperature.

Diagnosis of urinary bladder carcinoma by MR: Improvement through Gd-DTPA?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sparenberg, A.; Hamm, B.; Samberger, V.; Wolf, K.J.; Hammerer, P.

1991-01-01

85 patients suffering from urinary bladder carcinoma were examined by magnetic resonance imaging in a prospective study. Following precontrast diagnosis, 15 patients were given an intravesicular application of gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA). Another 35 patients received an intravenous bolus of Gd-DTPA. A diagnostic advantage was achieved in only 2 of 15 tumours by using intravesicular contrast application. Compared to the precontrast diagnosis, a 14% improvement from 69% (precontrast) to 83% (contrast medium) was seen with Gd-DTPA applied intravenously in the diagnosis of the tumour stage. The diagnostic gain lies in the improved tumour recognition, the improved demarcation of papillary, non-muscle-infiltrating tumours and in the more definite diagnosis of infiltration into neighbouring organs and the pelvic wall. Demarcation of perivesicular fatty infiltration is rendered more difficult by Gd-DTPA. (orig.) [de

Development of long GdBCO coated conductor using the IBAD/MPMT-PLD method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ibi, A; Fukushima, H; Yamada, Y; Miyata, S; Kuriki, R; Takahashi, K; Shiohara, Y

2006-01-01

We have developed long GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-X (GdBCO) coated conductors by a multi-plume and multi-turn pulsed laser deposition (MPMT-PLD) method and have successfully fabricated 32 and 60.7 m long GdBCO coated conductors with a high critical current, I c , and high deposition rate. The I c of the 32 and 60.7 m long GdBCO coated conductors were 205 A (J c = 1.36 MA cm -2 ) and 183 A (J c = 1.45 MA cm -2 ), respectively, at 77 K and 0 T. In addition, they exhibited higher I c values in a magnetic field than a YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-X (YBCO) coated conductor: typically 20 A at 77 K and 3 T while the value for a YBCO coated conductor is 8 A. These high I c values are due to the smaller number of a-axis oriented grains in GdBCO than in YBCO. Furthermore, the speed of production of the GdBCO layer was increased to 10 m h -1 while that of the former YBCO coated conductor was 3.75 m h -1 . The material yield of long GdBCO layers using the MPMT-PLD method was about 26-28%. The high I c of GdBCO in a magnetic field, the high production rate and the high material yield are promising for applications

Theoretical Investigation of the NO3 Radical Addition to Double Bonds of Limonene

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Lei; Wang, Wei; Xu, Yi-Sheng

2009-01-01

The addition reactions of NO3 to limonene have been investigated using ab initio methods. Six different possibilities for NO3 addition to the double bonds, which correspond to the two C–C double bonds (endocyclic or exocyclic) have been considered. The negative activation energies for the addition of NO3 to limonene are calculated and the energies of NO3-limonene radical adducts are found to be 14.55 to 20.17 kcal mol-1 more stable than the separated NO3 and limonene at the CCSD(T)/6–31G(d) + CF level. The results also indicate that the endocyclic addition reaction is more energetically favorable than the exocyclic one. PMID:19865516

Optimalizace odpadového hospodářství farmaceutické firmy

OpenAIRE

Krystýnová, Hana

2012-01-01

Diplomová práce s názvem Optimalizace odpadového hospodářství farmaceutické firmy se nejprve zabývá základními pojmy, legislativními požadavky pro původce odpadu z hlediska vznikajících odpadů. Následuje analýza hospodaření s odpady ve zvoleném farmaceutickém podniku na výrobu generických léčiv. Dalším cílem práce je navrhnout možnosti optimalizace stávajícího systému odpadového hospodářství s ohledem na ochranu životního prostředí. The diploma thesis with the title Optimization of waste m...

Development of Therapeutic Modality of Esophageal Cancer Using Ho-166 Stent

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Jong Doo; Park, Kwang Kyun; Lee, Min Geol [Yonsei University Medical College, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Park, Kyung Bae [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Taejon (Korea, Republic of)

1997-09-01

The prognosis of esophageal cancer is poor due absence of serosa which prevent local invasion to the surrounding organs such as aorta, mediastinum, trachea, and bronchi. We developed a Ho-166 Coated Radioactive Self-Expandable Metallic Stent which is a new herapeutic device in the treatment of esophageal cancer and underwent an animal experiment in mongrel dogs. We observed mucosal destruction by 4-6 mCi of Ho-166 without serious complications such as perforation of esophageal wall. Therefore, Ho-166 coated self-expandable stent appears to be an effective therapeutic device in the palliative treatment of esophageal cancer. 17 refs., 4 figs. (author)

Fuel densification study about uranium- 7% nanostructured gadolinium (Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}); Estudo da densificacao do combustivel uranio - 7% gadolinio (Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}) nanoestruturado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Serafim, Antonio da Costa

2016-11-01

The sintering process of UO{sub 2}-Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} pellets has been investigated in this work for its importance in the nuclear industry and for its complex behavior during sintering. Sintering blockage occurs from 1300 deg C upwards, when densification is shifted toward higher temperatures and the final density obtained is decreased. This research includes the development of nuclear fuel for power reactors in order to increase its efficiency inside the reactor core by raising the burnup. The use of nanosized Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} was studied in the range from 10 to 30nm, which was added to UO{sub 2}, trying to verify the occurrence of characteristic sintering blockage due to Kirkendall sintering effect observed in previous research. The samples were produced by dry mechanical mixture of UO{sub 2} powder and 7% Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} (macro- and nanostructured). The powders were compacted and the pellets were sintered at 1700 deg C under H{sub 2} atmosphere. These results indicate that the characteristic blockage during sintering in macrostructured system UO{sub 2}-Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} occurred in the temperature range of 1300-1500 deg C, which slows down the densification. It was observed a less intense effect when using the nanostructured Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}; it took place at the temperature of 900 deg C, then facilitating to get an additional densification. The dilatometric tests indicated shrinkage of 22, 18 and 20% respectively in UO{sub 2} pellets, macrostructured UO{sub 2}-7% Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} and nanostructured UO{sub 2}-7%Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. We detected 2% higher shrinkage, when nanostructured Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} was used instead of macrostructured Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3}, which is used commercially. Then, the nanostructured results showed more adequate density for nuclear fuel usage. (author)

Growth, spectroscopy and laser operation of Ho:KY(WO{sub 4}){sub 2}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jambunathan, V. [Física i Cristallografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcellí Domingo, s/n. E-43007 Tarragona (Spain); HiLASE Centre, Institute of Physics ASCR, Za Radnicí 828, 25241 Dolní Břežany (Czech Republic); Mateos, X., E-mail: xavier.mateos@urv.cat [Física i Cristallografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcellí Domingo, s/n. E-43007 Tarragona (Spain); Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 2A Max-Born-Str., D-12489 Berlin (Germany); Loiko, P.A. [Física i Cristallografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcellí Domingo, s/n. E-43007 Tarragona (Spain); Center for Optical Materials and Technologies, Belarusian National Technical University, 65/17 Nezavisimosti Ave., 220013 Minsk (Belarus); Serres, J.M. [Física i Cristallografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/ Marcellí Domingo, s/n. E-43007 Tarragona (Spain); Griebner, U.; Petrov, V. [Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 2A Max-Born-Str., D-12489 Berlin (Germany); Yumashev, K.V. [Center for Optical Materials and Technologies, Belarusian National Technical University, 65/17 Nezavisimosti Ave., 220013 Minsk (Belarus); and others

2016-11-15

Monoclinic Ho:KY(WO{sub 4}){sub 2} crystals doped with up to 7.5 at.% Ho are grown by the Top Seeded Solution Growth-Slow Cooling method. The evolution of their unit cell parameters in dependence on the Ho doping and temperature is studied. The polarized low-temperature (6 K) optical absorption of the Ho{sup 3+} ion is investigated in detail to determine the energy of the Stark sub-levels. Room-temperature absorption, stimulated-emission and gain cross-section spectra of Ho:KY(WO{sub 4}){sub 2} crystals are derived for polarizations parallel to the principal optical axes, E||N{sub p}, N{sub m} and N{sub g}. The maximum absorption cross-section for the {sup 5}I{sub 8}→{sup 5}I{sub 7} transition is 1.60×10{sup −20} cm{sup 2} at 1961.0 nm and the maximum stimulated-emission cross-section for the {sup 5}I{sub 7}→{sup 5}I{sub 8} transition is 2.65×10{sup −20} cm{sup 2} at 2056.3 nm (for E||N{sub m}). The radiative lifetime of the upper laser level of the Ho{sup 3+} ion ({sup 5}I{sub 7}) amounts to 4.8 ms. Continuous-wave Ho{sup 3+} laser operation is achieved under in-band pumping by a Tm laser at 1946 nm. In the microchip configuration, the maximum output power reached 205 mW at 2105 nm with a slope efficiency as high as 85%.

Ferro-paramagnetic coupled resonant modes in GdEuCuO4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fainstein, A.; Tovar, M.

1990-01-01

Two paramagnetic resonances were observed in compound GdEuCuO 4 : one was originated in trivalent gadolinium paramagnetism, while the other is associated to a weak ferromagnetic mode in Cu-O planes. In this work, experimental results are presented that show an anisotropy and a strongly anomalous temperature dependence of Gd 3+ . A theoretical model was introduced which explains the data in terms of coupled ferro-paramagnetic resonant modes originated in spin exchange coupling of Cu and Gd. (Author). 9 refs., 4 figs

Saigon-Ho Chi Minh City

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nguyen, T.B.; Samsura, D.A.A.; Krabben, E. van der; Le, A.D.; Le, A.-D.

2016-01-01

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) has existed for over three centuries and has developed into the financial capital and most important economic hub of Vietnam. This profile outlines the history of HCMC's development and its impact on current conditions and physical structure of the city. The paper analyzes

Study on factors affecting sintering density of Gd2O3-UO2 pellets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu Shuming; Zou Congpei; Yang Jing; Yang Youqing; Mei Xiaohui

1996-02-01

The sintered density of Gd 2 O 3 -UO 2 burnable poison fuel pellets is an important quality index and is one of main QC items. Therefore, the efforts were made to investigate the factors affecting the sintered density of Gd 2 O 3 -UO 2 , that is, the influences of pre-treatment of Gd 2 O 3 powder, additives, mixing methods and time, sintering atmosphere, sintering temperature and time on the final density of Gd 2 O 3 UO 2 pellets contained 0, 3%, 7% and 10% (mass percentage) Gd 2 O 3 . The results show: the pre-treatment is useful for improving the distribution of Gd 2 O 3 ; the additive of ammonium oxalate will effectively adjust the density of pellets; 1750 degree C is the suitable sintering temperature. The proper process parameters have been obtained, and the Gd 2 O 3 -UO 2 pellets prepared for in-pile irradiation test meet the design requirements for the density (93.5%∼96.5% of T.D.), homogeneity, microstructure, etc. (8 refs., 3 figs., 8 tabs.)

Neutronics feasibility of using Gd2O3 particles in VVER-1000 fuel assembly

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoang Van Khanh; Hoang Thanh Phi Hung; Tran Hoai Nam

2016-01-01

Neutronics feasibility of using Gd 2 O 3 particles for controlling excess reactivity of VVER-1000 fuel assembly has been investigated. The motivation is that the use of Gd 2 O 3 particles would increase the thermal conductivity of the UO 2 +Gd 2 O 3 fuel pellet which is one of the desirable characteristics for designing future high burnup fuel. The calculation results show that the Gd 2 O 3 particles with the diameter of 60 µm could control the reactivity similarly to that of homogeneous mixture with the same amount of Gd 2 O 3 . The power densities at the fuel pin with Gd 2 O 3 particles increase by about 10-11%, leading to the decrease of the power peak and a slightly flatter power distribution. The power peak appears at the periphery pins at the beginning of burnup process which is decreased by 0.9 % when using Gd 2 O 3 particles. Further work and improvement are being planned to optimize the high power peaking at the beginning of burnup. (author)

Development of a compact superconducting magnet with a GdBCO magnetic lens

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Z Y; Matsumoto, S; Kiyoshi, T; Teranishi, R

2013-01-01

Concentration of a magnetic field has been achieved using a Gd–Ba–Cu–O (GdBCO) magnetic lens. A conduction-cooled compact high-field superconducting magnet with a GdBCO magnetic lens was developed. The magnet possessed a 10-mm room-temperature bore and consisted of two Nb–Ti solenoid coils and a GdBCO magnetic lens, which was installed at the center of the Nb–Ti coils in order to concentrate the background field generated by the Nb–Ti coils. The Nb–Ti coils and the GdBCO magnetic lens were cooled using a two-stage pulse-tube cryocooler. A concentrated magnetic field of 10.3 T was obtained at a background field of 5.6 T provided by the Nb–Ti coils. No degradation was found in the magnet during repeat excitation. The large field gradient generated by the GdBCO magnetic lens is expected to be used for the levitation of diamagnetic materials. (paper)

Two hexagonal series of lanthanoid(III) oxide fluoride selenides.: M{sub 6}O{sub 2}F{sub 8}Se{sub 3} (M = La - Nd) and M{sub 2}OF{sub 2}Se (M = Nd, Sm, Gd - Ho)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zimmermann, Dirk D.; Grossholz, Hagen; Wolf, Sarah; Schleid, Thomas [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Universitaet Stuttgart (Germany); Janka, Oliver [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Universitaet Stuttgart (Germany); Institut fuer Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster (Germany); Mueller, Alexander C. [Institut fuer Anorganische Chemie, Universitaet Stuttgart (Germany); Institut fuer Textilchemie und Chemiefasern, Denkendorf (Germany)

2015-09-15

Two hexagonal series of lanthanoid(III) oxide fluoride selenides with similar structure types can be obtained by the reaction of the components MF{sub 3}, M{sub 2}O{sub 3}, M, and Se in sealed niobium tubes at 850 C using CsI as fluxing agent. The compounds with the lighter and larger representatives (M = La - Nd) occur with the formula M{sub 6}O{sub 2}F{sub 8}Se{sub 3}, whereas with the heavier and smaller ones (M = Nd, Sm, Gd - Ho) their composition is M{sub 2}OF{sub 2}Se. For both systems single-crystal determinations were used in all cases. The compounds crystallize in the hexagonal crystal system (space group: P6{sub 3}/m) with lattice parameters of a = 1394-1331 pm and c = 403-372 pm (Z = 2 for M{sub 6}O{sub 2}F{sub 8}Se{sub 3} and Z = 6 for M{sub 2}OF{sub 2}Se). The (M1){sup 3+} cations show different square antiprismatic coordination spheres with or without an extra capping fluoride anion. All (M2){sup 3+} cations exhibit a ninefold coordination environment shaped as tricapped trigonal prism. In both structure types the Se{sup 2-} anions are sixfold coordinated as trigonal prisms of M{sup 3+} cations, being first condensed by edges to generate trimeric units and then via faces to form strands running along [001]. The light anions reside either in threefold triangular or in fourfold tetrahedral cationic coordination. For charge compensation, both structures have to contain a certain amount of oxide besides fluoride anions. Since F{sup -} and O{sup 2-} can not be distinguished by X-ray diffraction, bond-valence calculations were used to address the problem of their adjunction to the available crystallographic sites. (Copyright copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

High-frequency spectral ultrasound imaging (SUSI) visualizes early post-traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) in a mouse model.

Science.gov (United States)

Ranganathan, Kavitha; Hong, Xiaowei; Cholok, David; Habbouche, Joe; Priest, Caitlin; Breuler, Christopher; Chung, Michael; Li, John; Kaura, Arminder; Hsieh, Hsiao Hsin Sung; Butts, Jonathan; Ucer, Serra; Schwartz, Ean; Buchman, Steven R; Stegemann, Jan P; Deng, Cheri X; Levi, Benjamin

2018-04-01

Early treatment of heterotopic ossification (HO) is currently limited by delayed diagnosis due to limited visualization at early time points. In this study, we validate the use of spectral ultrasound imaging (SUSI) in an animal model to detect HO as early as one week after burn tenotomy. Concurrent SUSI, micro CT, and histology at 1, 2, 4, and 9weeks post-injury were used to follow the progression of HO after an Achilles tenotomy and 30% total body surface area burn (n=3-5 limbs per time point). To compare the use of SUSI in different types of injury models, mice (n=5 per group) underwent either burn/tenotomy or skin incision injury and were imaged using a 55MHz probe on VisualSonics VEVO 770 system at one week post injury to evaluate the ability of SUSI to distinguish between edema and HO. Average acoustic concentration (AAC) and average scatterer diameter (ASD) were calculated for each ultrasound image frame. Micro CT was used to calculate the total volume of HO. Histology was used to confirm bone formation. Using SUSI, HO was visualized as early as 1week after injury. HO was visualized earliest by 4weeks after injury by micro CT. The average acoustic concentration of HO was 33% more than that of the control limb (n=5). Spectroscopic foci of HO present at 1week that persisted throughout all time points correlated with the HO present at 9weeks on micro CT imaging. SUSI visualizes HO as early as one week after injury in an animal model. SUSI represents a new imaging modality with promise for early diagnosis of HO. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Effect of L-arginine Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sara Asadi

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Background: The prevalence of hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D is approximately twice as much as healthy people. This study was designed to determine the effect of L-arginine supplementation on blood pressure in patients with T2D. Methods: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 75 T2D were randomly divided into three groups (3 g/d and 6g/d of L-arginine and placebo for 3 months. Height, weight, waist circumference, dietary intake, and blood pressure (BP were measured before and after intervention. Results: In patients who received 3g/d L-arginine, no significant difference was observed between BP before and after the intervention, however, subgroup analysis among patients with high BP showed significant reduction in systolic (P = 0.036 and diastolic BP (P = 0.027 after L-arginine supplementation. After 3 months of intervention, systolic and diastolic BP were significantly different compared to the baseline values and also with placebo value in patients receiving 6g/d of L-arginine (P < 0.05. Conclusions: The daily intake of 6g of L-arginine for 3 months in T2D may improve BP. Taking 3g/d of this supplement may help to improve BP only in patients with hypertension.

Level structure of 154Ho

Science.gov (United States)

Moon, Chang-Bum; Komatsubara, Tetsuro; Furuno, Kohei

2013-10-01

The excited states of the odd-odd 154Ho nucleus have been studied by using in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy with the 141Pr (16O, 3n) 154Ho reaction at Elab=75 MeV. The beam was provided by the 12UD Pelletron accelerator at the University of Tsukuba. In this work, the complicated decay pattern of low energy transitions just above the T1/2=3.10 min isomer have been established. In addition, a number of new states and γ-ray transitions, especially those associated with energetically favored band termination, have been observed for the first time in 154Ho. A negative collective band and its signature partner built on the 11- level are interpreted as being based on the πh11/2⊗νi13/2 configuration. A positive band built on the 10+ level is based on the πh11/2⊗νh9/2 configuration while another positive band built on the 9+ level is being associated with the πh11/2⊗νf7/2 configuration. An energetically favored level Jπ=19- can be interpreted as being attributed to the πh11/2⊗νi13/2 configuration coupled to the 8+ state in neighboring core 152Dy, namely, a four-quasiparticle alignment based on the [πh11/2νi13/2]11-⊗[ν(h9/2f7/2)]8- configuration. Another energetically favored state at Jπ=27- is assigned the six-quasiparticle [π(h11/2)3]27/2-⊗[ν(f7/2h9/2i13/2)]27/2- configuration.