A turbulence-induced switch in phytoplankton swimming behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Carrara, Francesco; Sengupta, Anupam; Stocker, Roman

2015-11-01

Phytoplankton, unicellular photosynthetic organisms that form the basis of life in aquatic environments, are frequently exposed to turbulence, which has long been known to affect phytoplankton fitness and species succession. Yet, mechanisms by which phytoplankton may adapt to turbulence have remained unknown. Here we present a striking behavioral response of a motile species - the red-tide-producing raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo - to hydrodynamic cues mimicking those experienced in ocean turbulence. In the absence of turbulence, H. akashiwo exhibits preferential upwards swimming (`negative gravitaxis'), observable as a strong accumulation of cells at the top of an experimental container. When cells were exposed to overturning in an automated chamber - representing a minimum experimental model of rotation by Kolmogorov-scale turbulent eddies - the population robustly split in two nearly equi-abundant subpopulations, one swimming upward and one swimming downward. Microscopic observations at the single-cell level showed that the behavioral switch was accompanied by a rapid morphological change. A mechanistic model that takes into account cell shape confirms that modulation of morphology can alter the hydrodynamic stress distribution over the cell body, which, in turn, triggers the observed switch in phytoplankton migration direction. This active response to fluid flow, whereby microscale morphological changes influence ocean-scale migration dynamics, could be part of a bet-hedging strategy to maximize the chances of at least a fraction of the population evading high-turbulence microzones.

Los conceptos de análisis del discurso aplicados a un texto histórico. El tratado "Contra hadas" del siglo XIV

OpenAIRE

Márquez Guerrero, María Salud

2007-01-01

L’application à l’étude des textes anciens de la perspective intégrale qui est propre à l’analyse du discours et à la linguistique textuelle peut offrir une bonne information sur la nature de l’oeuvre et permet en outre de trancher sur les questions tenant à l’auteur, à la composition ou à l’appartenance de cette oeuvre à tel genre discursif. Nous avons adopté cette méthode à l’occasion de cette étude d’un traité du xive siècle, Contra hadas, qui est considéré comme un traité d...

Characterizing seston in the Penobscot River Estuary.

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Meseck, Shannon L; Li, Yaqin; Sunila, Inke; Dixon, Mark; Clark, Paul; Lipsky, Christine; Stevens, Justin R; Music, Paul; Wikfors, Gary H

2017-10-01

The Penobscot River Estuary is an important system for diadromous fish in the Northeast United States of American (USA), in part because it is home to the largest remnant population of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in the country. Little is known about the chemical and biological characteristics of seston in the Penobscot River Estuary. This study used estuarine transects to characterize the seston during the spring when river discharge is high and diadromous fish migration peaks in the Penobscot River Estuary. To characterize the seston, samples were taken in spring 2015 for phytoplankton identification, total suspended matter (TSM), percent organic TSM, chlorophyll a, particle size (2 μm-180 μm), particulate carbon and nitrogen concentrations, and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. The estuarine profiles indicate that TSM behaved non-conservatively with a net gain in the estuary. As phytoplankton constituted only 1/1000 of the particles, the non-conservative behavior of TSM observed in the estuary was most likely not attributable to phytoplankton. Particulate carbon and nitrogen ratios and stable isotope signals indicate a strong terrestrial, allochthonous signal. The seston in the Penobscot River Estuary was dominated by non-detrital particles. During a short, two-week time period, Heterosigma akashiwo, a phytoplankton species toxic to finfish, also was detected in the estuary. A limited number of fish samples, taken after the 2015 Penobscot River Estuary bloom of H. akashiwo, indicated frequent pathological gill damage. The composition of seston, along with ichthyotoxic algae, suggest the need for further research into possible effects upon resident and migratory fish in the Penobscot River Estuary. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Progress in Understanding Algal Bloom-Mediated Fish Kills: The Role of Superoxide Radicals, Phycotoxins and Fatty Acids.

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Juan José Dorantes-Aranda

Full Text Available Quantification of the role of reactive oxygen species, phycotoxins and fatty acids in fish toxicity by harmful marine microalgae remains inconclusive. An in vitro fish gill (from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss assay was used to simultaneously assess the effect in superoxide dismutase, catalase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymatic activities caused by seven species of ichthyotoxic microalgae (Chattonella marina, Fibrocapsa japonica, Heterosigma akashiwo, Karenia mikimotoi, Alexandrium catenella, Karlodinium veneficum, Prymnesium parvum. Quantification of superoxide production by these algae was also performed. The effect of purified phycotoxins and crude extracts was compared, and the effect of fatty acids is discussed. The raphidophyte Chattonella was the most ichthyotoxic (gill cell viability down to 35% and also the major producer of superoxide radicals (14 pmol cell-1 hr-1 especially after cell lysis. The raphidophyte Heterosigma and dinoflagellate Alexandrium were the least toxic and had low superoxide production, except when A. catenella was lysed (5.6 pmol cell-1 hr-1. Catalase showed no changes in activity in all the treatments. Superoxide dismutase (SOD and lactate dehydrogenase exhibited significant activity increases of ≤23% and 51.2% TCC (total cellular content, respectively, after exposure to C. marina, but SOD showed insignificant changes with remaining algal species. A strong relationship between gill cell viability and superoxide production or superoxide dismutase was not observed. Purified brevetoxins PbTx-2 and -3 (from Karenia brevis, LC50 of 22.1 versus 35.2 μg mL-1 and karlotoxin KmTx-2 (from Karlodinium; LC50 = 380 ng mL-1 could almost entirely account for the fish killing activity by those two dinoflagellates. However, the paralytic shellfish toxins (PST GTX1&4, C1&C2, and STX did not account for Alexandrium ichthyotoxicity. Only aqueous extracts of Alexandrium were cytotoxic (≤65% decrease of viability, whereas

Phytoplankton can actively diversify their migration strategy in response to turbulent cues.

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Sengupta, Anupam; Carrara, Francesco; Stocker, Roman

2017-03-23

Marine phytoplankton inhabit a dynamic environment where turbulence, together with nutrient and light availability, shapes species fitness, succession and selection. Many species of phytoplankton are motile and undertake diel vertical migrations to gain access to nutrient-rich deeper layers at night and well-lit surface waters during the day. Disruption of this migratory strategy by turbulence is considered to be an important cause of the succession between motile and non-motile species when conditions turn turbulent. However, this classical view neglects the possibility that motile species may actively respond to turbulent cues to avoid layers of strong turbulence. Here we report that phytoplankton, including raphidophytes and dinoflagellates, can actively diversify their migratory strategy in response to hydrodynamic cues characteristic of overturning by Kolmogorov-scale eddies. Upon experiencing repeated overturning with timescales and statistics representative of ocean turbulence, an upward-swimming population rapidly (5-60 min) splits into two subpopulations, one swimming upward and one swimming downward. Quantitative morphological analysis of the harmful-algal-bloom-forming raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo together with a model of cell mechanics revealed that this behaviour was accompanied by a modulation of the cells' fore-aft asymmetry. The minute magnitude of the required modulation, sufficient to invert the preferential swimming direction of the cells, highlights the advanced level of control that phytoplankton can exert on their migratory behaviour. Together with observations of enhanced cellular stress after overturning and the typically deleterious effects of strong turbulence on motile phytoplankton, these results point to an active adaptation of H. akashiwo to increase the chance of evading turbulent layers by diversifying the direction of migration within the population, in a manner suggestive of evolutionary bet-hedging. This migratory behaviour

Effectiveness of an anti-algal compound in eliminating an aquatic unicellular harmful algal Phaeocystis globosa

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Huajun eZhang

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Phaeocystis globosa blooms can have negative effects on higher trophic levels in the marine ecosystem and consequently influence human activities. Strain KA22, identified as the bacterium Hahella, was isolated from coastal surface water and used to control P. globosa growth. A methanol extract from the bacteral cells showed strong algicidal activity. After purification, the compound showed a similar structure to prodigiosin when identified with Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The compound showed algicidal activity against P. globosa with a 50% Lethal Dose (LD50 of 2.24 μg/mL. The prodigiosin was stable under heat and acid environment, and it could be degraded under alkaline environment and natural light condition. The growth rates of strain KA22 was fast in 2216E medium and the content of prodigiosin in this medium was more than 70 μg/mL after 16 h incubation. The compound showed particularly strong algicidal activity against Prorocentrum donghaiense, P. globosa and Heterosigma akashiwo, but having little effect on three other phytoplankton species tested. The results of our research could increase our knowledge on harmful algal bloom control compound and lead to further study on the mechanisms of the lysis effect on harmful algae.

Selective algicidal action of peptides against harmful algal bloom species.

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Seong-Cheol Park

Full Text Available Recently, harmful algal bloom (HAB, also termed "red tide", has been recognized as a serious problem in marine environments according to climate changes worldwide. Many novel materials or methods to prevent HAB have not yet been employed except for clay dispersion, in which can the resulting sedimentation on the seafloor can also cause alteration in marine ecology or secondary environmental pollution. In the current study, we investigated that antimicrobial peptide have a potential in controlling HAB without cytotoxicity to harmless marine organisms. Here, antimicrobial peptides are proposed as new algicidal compounds in combating HAB cells. HPA3 and HPA3NT3 peptides which exert potent antimicrobial activity via pore forming action in plasma membrane showed that HPA3NT3 reduced the motility of algal cells, disrupted their plasma membrane, and induced the efflux of intracellular components. Against raphidoflagellate such as Heterosigma akashiwo, Chattonella sp., and C. marina, it displayed a rapid lysing action in cell membranes at 1~4 µM within 2 min. Comparatively, its lysing effects occurred at 8 µM within 1 h in dinoflagellate such as Cochlodium polykrikoides, Prorocentrum micans, and P. minimum. Moreover, its lysing action induced the lysis of chloroplasts and loss of chlorophyll a. In the contrary, this peptide was not effective against Skeletonema costatum, harmless algal cell, even at 256 µM, moreover, it killed only H. akashiwo or C. marina in co-cultivation with S. costatum, indicating to its selective algicidal activity between harmful and harmless algal cells. The peptide was non-hemolytic against red blood cells of Sebastes schlegeli, the black rockfish, at 120 µM. HAB cells were quickly and selectively lysed following treatment of antimicrobial peptides without cytotoxicity to harmless marine organisms. Thus, the antibiotic peptides examined in our study appear to have much potential in effectively controlling HAB with minimal

Harmful algae and toxis in paranaguá bay , Brazil: bases for monitoring

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Luiz Laureno Mafra Junior

2006-09-01

Full Text Available The estuarine complex of Paranaguá - ECP (South Brazil, 25º30'S, 48º30'W is a large subtropical system, where pristine mangrove forests are still present, and fishery and aquaculture are important economic activities. This work investigated the occurrence of harmful algae in Paranaguá Bay, as well as the presence of toxins in the filter feeding mussel Mytella guyanensis, a local fishery resource. Samples along the Paranaguá sub-system were collected almost monthly from August 2002 to October 2003. Besides physical and chemical variables, cell densities of harmful species and presence of toxins in the mussel by mouse bioassay (DSP, PSP and HPLC (ASP were performed. HAB species included Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Dinophysis acuminata,Prorocentrum minimum,Gymnodinium catenatum,Phaeocystis spp., Chattonella spp. and Heterosigma akashiwo.Trichodesmium erythraeum and Coscinodiscus wailesii were also included in this study due to their potential for harmful bloom formation. Toxin results showed the occurrence of DSP (December 2002 in shellfish related to the presence of D. acuminata (max. 4,566 cells.l-1. Additionally, cultivated strains produced paralytic and amnesic toxins in laboratory. Spring (October to December, Southern Hemisphere and late summer (February to April were the periods of higher abundance of harmful algae, mainly in euhaline and inner polyhaline sectors of the ECP.O complexo estuarino de Paranaguá (CEP; 25º30'S, 48º30'W, localizado no litoral sul do Brasil, abriga extensas áreas preservadas de manguezais e tem a pesca e aqüicultura como importantes atividades econômicas. Este trabalho investigou a ocorrência de microalgas nocivas no CEP e a presença de ficotoxinas no molusco bivalve Mytella guyanensis. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras com periodicidade aproximadamente mensal, entre agosto de 2002 e outubro de 2003. Foram avaliadas variáveis físico-químicas, densidade de espécies nocivas e a presença de toxinas nos

HIJOS ADULTOS DE MADRES/PADRES ALCOHÓLICOS Y FACTORES DE RIESGO PSICOLÓGICOS EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS

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María Isabel Jiménez Chafey

2011-01-01

Full Text Available El propósito principal de la investigación presentada en este artículo fue identificar la prevalencia de hijos adultos de padres/madres alcohólicos (HADA en estudiantes universitarios de nuevo ingreso. Se exploró la presencia de factores de riesgo psicológicos (autoestima, codependencia, síntomas de ansiedad y depresión y se compararon estas variables entre los HADA y los No-HADA. Se administró un cuestionario de auto-reporte a la población universitaria del recinto de Río Piedras de la Universidad de Puerto Rico donde el 23% de la muestra reporta ser HADA. Los resultados generales revelaron que existen diferencias significativas entre los HADA y no-HADA en síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, codependencia y autoestima; los HADA presentan menor autoestima, más indicadores de codependencia y mayores síntomas de depresión y ansiedad. Se encontró una relación positiva significativa entre ser HADA y síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y codependencia, así como una relación negativa significativa y autoestima. Estos hallazgos sugieren que una población significativa de estudiantes de nuevo ingreso podría estar en alto riesgo de presentar dificultades en la salud mental que pueden incidir en su desarrollo académico, personal y profesional. Por lo tanto, se deben desarrollar estrategias efectivas de identificación temprana e intervención en los centros de consejería para trabajar con esta población.

Dynamics of motile phytoplankton in turbulence: Laboratory investigation of microscale patchiness

Science.gov (United States)

Crimaldi, J. P.; True, A.; Stocker, R.

2016-02-01

Phytoplankton represent the basis of oceanic life and play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles. While phytoplankton are traditionally studied in bulk, their collective impact stems from cell-level processes and interactions at the microscale. A fundamental element that determines these interactions is the small-scale spatial distribution of individual cells: this directly determines the local cell concentration and the probability that two cells contact or interact with each other. The traditional, bulk perspective on phytoplankton distributions is that turbulence acts to smear out patchiness and locally homogenizes the distributions. However, recent numerical simulations suggest that the action of turbulence on motile phytoplankton may be precisely the opposite: by biasing the swimming direction of cells through the action of viscous torques, turbulence is predicted to generate strong patchiness at small scales. Flow-mediated patch formation has been demonstrated experimentally in simple laminar flows, but has never been tested experimentally in turbulence. In this talk we report on preliminary laboratory experiments performed in a purpose-built flow facility that uses a pair of computer-controlled oscillating grids to generate approximately homogenous isotropic 3D turbulence. Turbulent flow characteristics and dissipation rates are first quantified using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Then, 2D distributions of the motile dinoflagellate Heterosigma akashiwo are imaged using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). Analysis of imaged phytoplankton distributions for patchiness is performed using a Voronoi tessellation approach. Results suggest that motile phytoplankton distributions differ from those of passive particles. Furthermore, computed values for the patch enhancement factor are shown to be roughly consistent with those of previous DNS predictions.

Phytoplankton calcification as an effective mechanism to prevent cellular calcium poisoning

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Müller, M. N.; Ramos, J. Barcelos e.; Schulz, K. G.; Riebesell, U.; Kaźmierczak, J.; Gallo, F.; Mackinder, L.; Li, Y.; Nesterenko, P. N.; Trull, T. W.; Hallegraeff, G. M.

2015-08-01

Marine phytoplankton has developed the remarkable ability to tightly regulate the concentration of free calcium ions in the intracellular cytosol at a level of ~ 0.1 μmol L-1 in the presence of seawater Ca2+ concentrations of 10 mmol L-1. The low cytosolic calcium ion concentration is of utmost importance for proper cell signalling function. While the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the tight control of intracellular Ca2+ concentration are not completely understood, phytoplankton taxonomic groups appear to have evolved different strategies, which may affect their ability to cope with changes in seawater Ca2+ concentrations in their environment on geological time scales. For example, the Cretaceous (145 to 66 Ma ago), an era known for the high abundance of coccolithophores and the production of enormous calcium carbonate deposits, exhibited seawater calcium concentrations up to four times present-day levels. We show that calcifying coccolithophore species (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Coccolithus braarudii) are able to maintain their relative fitness (in terms of growth rate and photosynthesis) at simulated Cretaceous seawater calcium concentrations, whereas these rates are severely reduced under these conditions in some non-calcareous phytoplankton species (Chaetoceros sp., Ceratoneis closterium and Heterosigma akashiwo). Most notably, this also applies to a non-calcifying strain of E. huxleyi which displays a calcium-sensitivity similar to the non-calcareous species. We hypothesize that the process of calcification in coccolithophores provides an efficient mechanism to prevent cellular calcium poisoning and thereby offered a potential key evolutionary advantage, responsible for the proliferation of coccolithophores during times of high seawater calcium concentrations.

Phytoplankton calcification as an effective mechanism to alleviate cellular calcium poisoning

Science.gov (United States)

Müller, M. N.; Ramos, J. Barcelos e.; Schulz, K. G.; Riebesell, U.; Kaźmierczak, J.; Gallo, F.; Mackinder, L.; Li, Y.; Nesterenko, P. N.; Trull, T. W.; Hallegraeff, G. M.

2015-11-01

Marine phytoplankton have developed the remarkable ability to tightly regulate the concentration of free calcium ions in the intracellular cytosol at a level of ~ 0.1 μmol L-1 in the presence of seawater Ca2+ concentrations of 10 mmol L-1. The low cytosolic calcium ion concentration is of utmost importance for proper cell signalling function. While the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the tight control of intracellular Ca2+ concentration are not completely understood, phytoplankton taxonomic groups appear to have evolved different strategies, which may affect their ability to cope with changes in seawater Ca2+ concentrations in their environment on geological timescales. For example, the Cretaceous (145 to 66 Ma), an era known for the high abundance of coccolithophores and the production of enormous calcium carbonate deposits, exhibited seawater calcium concentrations up to 4 times present-day levels. We show that calcifying coccolithophore species (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Coccolithus braarudii) are able to maintain their relative fitness (in terms of growth rate and photosynthesis) at simulated Cretaceous seawater calcium concentrations, whereas these rates are severely reduced under these conditions in some non-calcareous phytoplankton species (Chaetoceros sp., Ceratoneis closterium and Heterosigma akashiwo). Most notably, this also applies to a non-calcifying strain of E. huxleyi which displays a calcium sensitivity similar to the non-calcareous species. We hypothesize that the process of calcification in coccolithophores provides an efficient mechanism to alleviate cellular calcium poisoning and thereby offered a potential key evolutionary advantage, responsible for the proliferation of coccolithophores during times of high seawater calcium concentrations. The exact function of calcification and the reason behind the highly ornate physical structures of coccoliths remain elusive.

Virtual Sensor for Failure Detection, Identification and Recovery in the Transition Phase of a Morphing Aircraft

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Guillermo Heredia

2010-03-01

Full Text Available The Helicopter Adaptive Aircraft (HADA is a morphing aircraft which is able to take-off as a helicopter and, when in forward flight, unfold the wings that are hidden under the fuselage, and transfer the power from the main rotor to a propeller, thus morphing from a helicopter to an airplane. In this process, the reliable folding and unfolding of the wings is critical, since a failure may determine the ability to perform a mission, and may even be catastrophic. This paper proposes a virtual sensor based Fault Detection, Identification and Recovery (FDIR system to increase the reliability of the HADA aircraft. The virtual sensor is able to capture the nonlinear interaction between the folding/unfolding wings aerodynamics and the HADA airframe using the navigation sensor measurements. The proposed FDIR system has been validated using a simulation model of the HADA aircraft, which includes real phenomena as sensor noise and sampling characteristics and turbulence and wind perturbations.

Virtual sensor for failure detection, identification and recovery in the transition phase of a morphing aircraft.

Science.gov (United States)

Heredia, Guillermo; Ollero, Aníbal

2010-01-01

The Helicopter Adaptive Aircraft (HADA) is a morphing aircraft which is able to take-off as a helicopter and, when in forward flight, unfold the wings that are hidden under the fuselage, and transfer the power from the main rotor to a propeller, thus morphing from a helicopter to an airplane. In this process, the reliable folding and unfolding of the wings is critical, since a failure may determine the ability to perform a mission, and may even be catastrophic. This paper proposes a virtual sensor based Fault Detection, Identification and Recovery (FDIR) system to increase the reliability of the HADA aircraft. The virtual sensor is able to capture the nonlinear interaction between the folding/unfolding wings aerodynamics and the HADA airframe using the navigation sensor measurements. The proposed FDIR system has been validated using a simulation model of the HADA aircraft, which includes real phenomena as sensor noise and sampling characteristics and turbulence and wind perturbations.

Harmful algal blooms (HABs), dissolved organic matter (DOM), and planktonic microbial community dynamics at a near-shore and a harbour station influenced by upwelling (SW Iberian Peninsula)

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Loureiro, Sofia; Reñé, Albert; Garcés, Esther; Camp, Jordi; Vaqué, Dolors

2011-05-01

The surface microalgal community, including harmful species, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and bacterial and viral populations were studied during an annual cycle (November 2007-October 2008) in a Near-shore (NS) and a Harbour (H) station located in an upwelling area (Sagres, SW Iberian Peninsula). The higher water residence time, water stability and shallowness of harbours in comparison with open waters likely contributed to the differences found between stations regarding chemical variables, statistical correlations and harmful algal proliferations. Also, several differences were noticed from a previous assessment ( Loureiro et al., 2005) including higher SST, lower nitrate and chlorophyll a concentrations, along with a shift in the microplankton community structure from diatom to nanoflagellate predominance. These variations feasibly reflect the response of this dynamic system to regional environmental modifications contributing to the understanding of common patterns in environmental change trends. The division of the sampling period into (1) non-upwelling (Non-Uw), (2) "spin-up" of upwelling (SU-Uw), and (3) "spin-down" and relaxation-downwelling (SD-Rel) stages allowed the identification of natural groupings of microplankton samples by Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and viruses were the most significant abiotic and biotic variables, respectively, contributing to the dissimilarities between these stages (SIMPER analysis) and, therefore, potentially affecting the microplankton community structure. Harmful algal species and a stable viral community appeared to be favoured by SD-Rel conditions. Data seem to indicate that both Gymnodinium catenatum and Heterosigma akashiwo, the most abundant potentially harmful species, have been imported into the sampling area. Also, the H location, together with potential retention sites developing around the Cabo de São Vicente upwelling centre, may contribute to the local

Differential Growth Responses of Marine Phytoplankton to Herbicide Glyphosate.

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Cong Wang

Full Text Available Glyphosate is a globally popular herbicide to kill weeds and its wide applications may lead to accumulation in coastal oceans as a source of phosphorus (P nutrient or growth inhibitor of phytoplankton. We studied the physiological effects of glyphosate on fourteen species representing five major coastal phytoplankton phyla (haptophyta, bacillariophyta, dinoflagellata, raphidophyta, and chlorophyta. Based on growth responses to different concentrations of glyphosate under contrasting dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP conditions, we found that phytoplankton species could be classified into five groups. Group I (Emiliania huxleyi, Skeletonema costatum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum could utilize glyphosate as sole P-source to support growth in axenic culture, but in the presence of DIP, they were inhibited by both 36-μM and 360-μM glyphosate. Group II (Karenia mikimotoi, Prorocentrum minimum, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Symbiodinium sp., Heterosigma akashiwo and Alexandrium catenella could not utilize glyphosate as sole P-source to support growth, and in the presence of DIP growth was not affected by 36-μM but inhibited by 360-μM glyphosate. Glyphosate consistently enhanced growth of Group III (Isochrysis galbana and inhibited Group IV (Thalassiosira weissflogii, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Chattonella marina regardless of DIP condition. Group V (Amphidinium carterae exhibited no measurable response to glyphosate regardless of DIP condition. This grouping is not congruent with the phylogenetic relationships of the phytoplankton species suggesting functional differentiation driven by environmental pressure. We conclude that glyphosate could be used as P-source by some species while is toxic to some other species and yet has no effects on others. The observed differential effects suggest that the continued use of glyphosate and increasing concentration of this herbicide in the coastal waters will likely exert significant impact on coastal marine

Differential Growth Responses of Marine Phytoplankton to Herbicide Glyphosate

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Cong; Lin, Xin; Li, Ling; Lin, Senjie

2016-01-01

Glyphosate is a globally popular herbicide to kill weeds and its wide applications may lead to accumulation in coastal oceans as a source of phosphorus (P) nutrient or growth inhibitor of phytoplankton. We studied the physiological effects of glyphosate on fourteen species representing five major coastal phytoplankton phyla (haptophyta, bacillariophyta, dinoflagellata, raphidophyta, and chlorophyta). Based on growth responses to different concentrations of glyphosate under contrasting dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) conditions, we found that phytoplankton species could be classified into five groups. Group I (Emiliania huxleyi, Skeletonema costatum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum) could utilize glyphosate as sole P-source to support growth in axenic culture, but in the presence of DIP, they were inhibited by both 36-μM and 360-μM glyphosate. Group II (Karenia mikimotoi, Prorocentrum minimum, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Symbiodinium sp., Heterosigma akashiwo and Alexandrium catenella) could not utilize glyphosate as sole P-source to support growth, and in the presence of DIP growth was not affected by 36-μM but inhibited by 360-μM glyphosate. Glyphosate consistently enhanced growth of Group III (Isochrysis galbana) and inhibited Group IV (Thalassiosira weissflogii, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Chattonella marina) regardless of DIP condition. Group V (Amphidinium carterae) exhibited no measurable response to glyphosate regardless of DIP condition. This grouping is not congruent with the phylogenetic relationships of the phytoplankton species suggesting functional differentiation driven by environmental pressure. We conclude that glyphosate could be used as P-source by some species while is toxic to some other species and yet has no effects on others. The observed differential effects suggest that the continued use of glyphosate and increasing concentration of this herbicide in the coastal waters will likely exert significant impact on coastal marine phytoplankton

HIJOS ADULTOS DE MADRES/PADRES ALCOHÓLICOS Y FACTORES DE RIESGO PSICOLÓGICOS EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS (ADULT CHILDREN OF ALCOHOLIC PARENTS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

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Jiménez Chafey María Isabel

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen:El propósito principal de la investigación presentada en este artículo fue identificar la prevalencia de hijos adultos de padres/madres alcohólicos (HADA en estudiantes universitarios de nuevo ingreso. Se exploró la presencia de factores de riesgo psicológicos (autoestima, codependencia, síntomas de ansiedad y depresión y se compararon estas variables entre los HADA y los No-HADA. Se administró un cuestionario de auto-reporte a la población universitaria del recinto de Río Piedras de la Universidad de Puerto Rico donde el 23% de la muestra reporta ser HADA. Los resultados generales revelaron que existen diferencias significativas entre los HADA y no-HADA en síntomas de ansiedad, depresión, codependencia y autoestima; los HADA presentan menor autoestima, más indicadores de codependencia y mayores síntomas de depresión y ansiedad. Se encontró una relación positiva significativa entre ser HADA y síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y codependencia, así como una relación negativa significativa y autoestima. Estos hallazgos sugieren que una población significativa de estudiantes de nuevo ingreso podría estar en alto riesgo de presentar dificultades en la salud mental que pueden incidir en su desarrollo académico, personal y profesional. Por lo tanto, se deben desarrollar estrategias efectivas de identificación temprana e intervención en los centros de consejería para trabajar con esta población.Abstract: The main objective of this article is to present the results of a study that explored the prevalence of Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOA in first year students. The prevalence of psychological risk factors (codependence, self-esteem, symptoms of depression and anxiety was explored and compared between ACOA and non-ACOA students. A self-report questionnaire measuring the variables of interest was administered to the population of first year students at the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus. Twenty three

Hyperspectral anomaly detection using Sony PlayStation 3

Science.gov (United States)

Rosario, Dalton; Romano, João; Sepulveda, Rene

2009-05-01

We present a proof-of-principle demonstration using Sony's IBM Cell processor-based PlayStation 3 (PS3) to run-in near real-time-a hyperspectral anomaly detection algorithm (HADA) on real hyperspectral (HS) long-wave infrared imagery. The PS3 console proved to be ideal for doing precisely the kind of heavy computational lifting HS based algorithms require, and the fact that it is a relatively open platform makes programming scientific applications feasible. The PS3 HADA is a unique parallel-random sampling based anomaly detection approach that does not require prior spectra of the clutter background. The PS3 HADA is designed to handle known underlying difficulties (e.g., target shape/scale uncertainties) often ignored in the development of autonomous anomaly detection algorithms. The effort is part of an ongoing cooperative contribution between the Army Research Laboratory and the Army's Armament, Research, Development and Engineering Center, which aims at demonstrating performance of innovative algorithmic approaches for applications requiring autonomous anomaly detection using passive sensors.

The complete plastid genomes of the two 'dinotoms' Durinskia baltica and Kryptoperidinium foliaceum.

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Behzad Imanian

2010-05-01

Full Text Available In one small group of dinoflagellates, photosynthesis is carried out by a tertiary endosymbiont derived from a diatom, giving rise to a complex cell that we collectively refer to as a 'dinotom'. The endosymbiont is separated from its host by a single membrane and retains plastids, mitochondria, a large nucleus, and many other eukaryotic organelles and structures, a level of complexity suggesting an early stage of integration. Although the evolution of these endosymbionts has attracted considerable interest, the plastid genome has not been examined in detail, and indeed no tertiary plastid genome has yet been sequenced.Here we describe the complete plastid genomes of two closely related dinotoms, Durinskia baltica and Kryptoperidinium foliaceum. The D. baltica (116470 bp and K. foliaceum (140426 bp plastid genomes map as circular molecules featuring two large inverted repeats that separate distinct single copy regions. The organization and gene content of the D. baltica plastid closely resemble those of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The K. foliaceum plastid genome is much larger, has undergone more reorganization, and encodes a putative tyrosine recombinase (tyrC also found in the plastid genome of the heterokont Heterosigma akashiwo, and two putative serine recombinases (serC1 and serC2 homologous to recombinases encoded by plasmids pCf1 and pCf2 in another pennate diatom, Cylindrotheca fusiformis. The K. foliaceum plastid genome also contains an additional copy of serC1, two degenerate copies of another plasmid-encoded ORF, and two non-coding regions whose sequences closely resemble portions of the pCf1 and pCf2 plasmids.These results suggest that while the plastid genomes of two dinotoms share very similar gene content and genome organization with that of the free-living pennate diatom P. tricornutum, the K. folicaeum plastid genome has absorbed two exogenous plasmids. Whether this took place before or after the tertiary

La moralización de los niños A través de los cuentos infantiles

OpenAIRE

Quintero Acevedo, Catalina; López Giraldo, Juan Felipe; Ospina Galeano, Jorge Mario; Martínez Vélez, Ailing Lau

2009-01-01

Se pretende mostrar la relación que existe entre el modo de valorar judeocristiano en términos de bueno y malo, y el sentido moral en las fábulas y los cuentos de hadas; poniendo en cuestión los modelos de conducta que se transmiten a través de ciertos cuentos, los cuales, propone este trabajo, están impregnados y determinados en gran medida por un modo de valorar judeocristiano; para ello proponemos analizar los cuentos de Cenicienta, Pinocho, y El Renacuajo Paseador.Los cuentos de hadas y l...

The dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea will benefit from future climate change: The interactive effects of ocean acidification, warming and high irradiance on photophysiology and hemolytic activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Ou, Guanyong; Wang, Hong; Si, Ranran; Guan, Wanchun

2017-09-01

Due to global climate change, marine phytoplankton will likely experience low pH (ocean acidification), high temperatures and high irradiance in the future. Here, this work report the results of a batch culture experiment conducted to study the interactive effects of elevated CO 2 , increased temperature and high irradiance on the harmful dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea, isolated at Dongtou Island, Eastern China Sea. The A. sanguinea cells were acclimated in high CO 2 condition for about three months before testing the responses of cells to a full factorial matrix experimentation during a 7-day period. This study measured the variation in physiological parameters and hemolytic activity in 8 treatments, representing full factorial combinations of 2 levels each of exposure to CO 2 (400 and 1000μatm), temperature (20 and 28°C) and irradiance (50 and 200μmol photons m -2 s -1 ). Sustained growth of A. sanguinea occurred in all treatments, but high CO 2 (HC) stimulated faster growth than low CO 2 (LC). The pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoid) decreased in all HC treatments. The quantum yield (F v /F m ) declined slightly in all high-temperature (HT) treatments. High irradiance (HL) induced the accumulation of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds (UV abc ) irrespective of temperature and CO 2 . The hemolytic activity in the LC treatments, however, declined when exposed to HT and HL, but HC alleviated the adverse effects of HT and HL on hemolytic activity. All HC and HL conditions and the combinations of high temperature*high light (HTHL) and high CO 2 *high temperature*high light (HCHTHL) positively affected the growth in comparison to the low CO 2 *low temperature*low light (LCLTLL) treatment. High temperature (HT), high light (HL) and a combination of HT*HL, however, negatively impacted hemolytic activity. CO 2 was the main factor that affected the growth and hemolytic activity. There were no significant interactive effects of CO 2 *temperature*irradiance on growth

Long term volcanic hazard analysis in the Canary Islands

Science.gov (United States)

Becerril, L.; Galindo, I.; Laín, L.; Llorente, M.; Mancebo, M. J.

2009-04-01

Historic volcanism in Spain is restricted to the Canary Islands, a volcanic archipelago formed by seven volcanic islands. Several historic eruptions have been registered in the last five hundred years. However, and despite the huge amount of citizens and tourist in the archipelago, only a few volcanic hazard studies have been carried out. These studies are mainly focused in the developing of hazard maps in Lanzarote and Tenerife islands, especially for land use planning. The main handicap for these studies in the Canary Islands is the lack of well reported historical eruptions, but also the lack of data such as geochronological, geochemical or structural. In recent years, the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and the improvement in the volcanic processes modelling has provided an important tool for volcanic hazard assessment. Although this sophisticated programs are really useful they need to be fed by a huge amount of data that sometimes, such in the case of the Canary Islands, are not available. For this reason, the Spanish Geological Survey (IGME) is developing a complete geo-referenced database for long term volcanic analysis in the Canary Islands. The Canarian Volcanic Hazard Database (HADA) is based on a GIS helping to organize and manage volcanic information efficiently. HADA includes the following groups of information: (1) 1:25.000 scale geologic maps, (2) 1:25.000 topographic maps, (3) geochronologic data, (4) geochemical data, (5) structural information, (6) climatic data. Data must pass a quality control before they are included in the database. New data are easily integrated in the database. With the HADA database the IGME has started a systematic organization of the existing data. In the near future, the IGME will generate new information to be included in HADA, such as volcanological maps of the islands, structural information, geochronological data and other information to assess long term volcanic hazard analysis. HADA will permit

Nitro a záhada hyletické vrstvy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Ritter, Martin

2011-01-01

Roč. 59, č. 7 (2011), s. 81-99 ISSN 0015-1831 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP401/11/1747 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z90090514 Keywords : corporeality * phenomenology * sense perception Subject RIV: AA - Philosophy ; Religion

77 FR 37907 - Information Collection; Service Contracting

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-25

...), 1275 First Street NE., Washington, DC 20417. ATTN: Hada Flowers/IC 9000-0152, Service Contracting... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [OMB Control No. 9000-0152: Docket 2012-0076; Sequence 16] Information Collection; Service...

Case report

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

-osophagienne sont revenues normales. L'évolution ultérieure a été marquée par une .... PubMed | Google Scholar. 3. Benenson S, Raveh D, Schlesinger Y, Alberton J, Rudensky B,. Hadas-Halpern I et al. The risk of vascular ...

Dynamic Behavior and Optimization of Advanced Armor Ceramics: January-December 2011 Annual Report

Science.gov (United States)

2015-03-01

Nakatsuji H, Caricato M, Li X, Hratchian HP, Izmaylov AF, Bloino J, Zheng G, Sonnenberg JL, Hada M, Ehara M, Toyota K, Fukuda R, Hasegawa J, Ishida M...expensive and time- consuming , methods for rejecting faulty mirrors prior to deployment must be developed. Additionally, microstructural variations could

Acceleration Processes in the Earth’s Magnetosphere.

Science.gov (United States)

1985-05-17

Hada, T. and T. Terasawa, Nonlinear evolution of low frequency waves in the foreshock region of earth’s bow shock, American Geophysical Union...low-frequency waves in the earth’s foreshock , American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, December 1984. 14) Ogino, T., R.J. Walker and M. Ashour

BH3-Amine and B(CH3)3-Amine Adducts as Additives for Liquid/Gel Hypergols and Solid Hybrid Rocket Motor Fuels: Property and Performance Predictions

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-01

adduct (named DABAL-Me3) that suggested further investigation was warranted. Advertised to be stable in low-humidity air for short periods of time...Hratchian, H. P.; Izmaylov, A. F.; Bloino, J.; Zheng, G.; Sonnenberg, J. L.; Hada, M.; Ehara, M.; Toyota , K.; Fukuda, R.; Hasegawa, J.; Ishida, M

Characterisation of dust material emitted during harbour operations (HADA Project)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moreno, N.; Alastuey, A.; Querol, X.; Artinano, B.; Guerra, A.; Luaces, J.A.; Lorente, A.; Basora, J. [CSIC, Institute of Earth Science ' Jaume Almera' , Barcelona (Spain)

2007-09-15

The aim of this work is to compile an inventory of the main characteristics (chemical, morphological, mineralogical and grain size parameters) of the bulk cargo materials and of the material emitted during different port operations for possible use as tracers of the fugitive PM emission sources. For all cases, the tracer characteristics determined for each bulk material were also identified in the corresponding PM material emitted. This inventory could assist the harbour authorities to identify the origin of high PM events recorded by air quality monitoring networks in harbour areas, and could also help modellers to predict the impact of harbour activities on ambient PM levels. The harbour of Tarragona (north-east Spain) was selected for this study given the high volume of solids in bulk handled. To this end, 12 handling operations of selected materials (clinker, phosphate, pyrite ash, Mn mineral, fine Si-Mn, coke (coal), bituminous coal, tapioca, soybean, alfalfa, corn, andalusite) were selected for the characterisation of suspended and deposited PM. In spite of the coarse grain size distribution of these bulk cargo materials, with a very low % in the fraction {lt}10 {mu}m, manipulation of these materials during harbour operations may result in high emissions of PM 10 with relatively high levels of potential toxic elements. Furthermore, ambient PM 10 in the area with the highest traffic density of the harbour was also sampled and characterised.

A Computationally Based Study of Polycyclic Nitramines and Their Precursors: Comparisons between Known and Notional Compounds

Science.gov (United States)

2015-02-01

V, Mennucci B, Petersson GA, Nakatsuji H, Caricato M, Li X, Hratchian HP, Izmaylov AF, Bloino J, Zheng G, Sonnenberg JL, Hada M, Ehara M, Toyota K...1972;94:7114–7117. Nielsen AT, Chaffin AP, Christian SL, Moore DW, Nadler MP, Nissan , RA, Vanderah DJ, Gilardi RD, George CF, Flippen-Anderson JL

THEORETICAL RESEARCH ON EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUENTS ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The presence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) can reduce the binding energy of the complex through .... The binding energy of complex 11 is less than that of complex 1 because the number of ..... Nakatsuji, H.; Hada, M.; Ehara, M.; Toyota, K.; Fukuda, R.; Hasegawa, J.; Ishida, M.; ... J. Chinese Universities 2004, 25, 539. 20.

Oral lichen planus: salival biomarkers cortisol, immunoglobulin A, adiponectin.

Science.gov (United States)

Lopez-Jornet, Pia; Cayuela, Cristina Aznar; Tvarijonaviciute, Asta; Parra-Perez, Francisco; Escribano, Damian; Ceron, Jose

2016-03-01

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous disease, inflammatory and autoimmune in character, in which the pathogenesis is not fully understood. Psychological stress has also been implicated in triggering or exacerbating the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychological profile, sleep, and salivary biological markers-cortisol, immunoglobin A (IgA), and adiponectin - in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). The sample consisted of 65 patients (33 with OLP and 32 control patients). Patients completed hospital anxiety and depression scales (HADD, HADA). Questionnaires were used to assess sleepiness: the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for rating pain. Unstimulated whole saliva was evaluated, together with total proteins: cortisol, IgA, and adiponectin. Patients with OLP obtained significantly higher HADA and PSQI scores than control subjects (P = 0.001, P = 0.012, respectively). Total salivary protein (flow at rest) analysis found that total proteins were higher in the OLP group (P = 0.001). In the OLP group, IgA was 80.3 ± 51.3 vs. the control group 48.9 ± 32.8 (P = 0.005). Mean cortisol was 0.5 ± 0.3 μg/dl in the OLP group vs. 0.4 ± 0.2 μg/dl in the control group (P = 0.010). The OLP group showed a correlation between the HADA variable and pain (r = 0.358; P = 0.041), HADD (r = 0.568; P = 0.001), and PSQI (r = 0.537; P = 0.001). OLP patients presented worse psychological profiles and sleep disturbances, as well as higher values for IgA, cortisol, and total proteins than control subjects. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Versiones transgresoras y polémicas de Blancanieves: de Robert Walser a João César Monteiro

OpenAIRE

García-Manso, Angélica

2017-01-01

Este artículo analiza dos versiones heterodoxas del cuento de hadas Blancanieves: de un lado, la obra de teatro homónima escrita en 1901 por el suizo Robert Walser; y de otro, la película dirigida en el año 2000 por el cineasta portugués João Cé

G4MP2, DFT and CBS-Q calculation of proton and electron affinities ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Sonnenberg J L, Hada M, Ehara M, Toyota K, Fukuda R,. Hasegawa J, Ishida M, Nakajima T, Honda Y, Kitao O,. Nakai H, Vreven T, Montgomery J A Jr., Peralta J E,. Ogliaro F, Bearpark M, Heyd J J, Brothers E,. Kudin K N, Staroverov V N, Kobayashi R, Normand J,. Raghavachari K, Rendell A, Burant J C, Iyengar S S,.

A Mechanistic Study of Hydroboration of 1-Octene with 1,3,2 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

NJD

2009-02-09

Feb 9, 2009 ... Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, M. Klene, X. Li, J.E. Knox, H.P. Hratchian, J.B. Cross, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R.E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A.J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J.W. Ochterski, P.Y. ...

JCSC_129_05_0647_0656_SI.docx

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

sanjeev

14 M. J. Frisch, G.W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, G. Scalmani, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Caricato, X. Li, H. P. Hratchian, A. F. Izmaylov, J. Bloino, G. Zheng, J.L. Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, ...

A DFT study of temperature dependent dissociation mechanism of ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Robb M A, Cheeseman J R, Scalmani G, Barone V,. Mennucci B, Petersson G A, Nakatsuji H, Caricato M,. Li X, Hratchian H P, Izmaylov A F, Bloino J, Zheng G,. Sonnenberg J L, Hada M, Ehara M, Toyota K, Fukuda. R, Hasegawa J, Ishida M, Nakajima T, Honda Y, Kitao. O, Nakai H, Vreven T, Montgomery Jr J A, Peralta J E,.

Protonation of the imino nitrogen deactivates the excited state of ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

2018-02-28

Feb 28, 2018 ... nenberg J L, Hada M, Ehara M, Toyota K, Fukuda R,. Hasegawa J, Ishida M, Nakajima T, Honda Y, Kitao O,. Nakai H, Vreven T, Montgomery J A Jr., Peralta J E,. Ogliaro F, Bearpark M, Heyd J J, Brothers E, Kudin K N,. Staroverov V N, Kobayashi R, Normand J, Raghavachari. K, Rendell A, Burant J C, ...

A computational study

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Frisch M J, Trucks G W, Schlegel H B, Scuseria G E,. Robb M A, Cheeseman J R, Scalmani G, Barone V,. Mennucci B, Petersson G A, Nakatsuji H, Caricato M,. Li X, Hratchian H P, Izmaylov A F, Bloino J, Zheng G,. Sonnenberg J L, Hada M, Ehara M, Toyota K, Fukuda. R, Hasegawa J, Ishida M, Nakajima T, Honda Y, Kitao.

Conceptions of Landscape-Ecological Relevance Emerged in the Czech Botany during the Second Half of Twentieth Century

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kovář Pavel

2015-12-01

Full Text Available This paper summarizes those substantial theoretical concepts or methods for applications within interdisciplinary or practical uses published by Czech autors (geobotanists = ecological botanists, plant ecologists and ecophysiologists during the second half of the 20th century, that were internationally cited. All selected thematical clusters are of landscape-ecological relevance through various contexts. Examples include the concepts of (potential reconstructed vegetation in maps (R. Neuhäusl, Z. Neuhäuslová, linear vegetation features (corridors in landscape and deductive classification of vegetation (K. Kopecký, analysis of soil seed bank (Z. Kropáč, dependency of macrophyte plant stands on ecodynamics (S. Hejný, dynamic periodicity in segetal vegetation (Z. Kropáč, E. Hadač, S. Hejný, anemo-orographic system explaining species richness in mountain regions (J. Jeník, productivity in grassland ecosystems (M. Rychnovská, J. Květ, elementary landscape units based on homogenity and potential vegetation (E. Hadač, landscape dispensation phenomena (V. Ložek, afforestation of coastal sandy dunes – the Netherlands, and polluted areas - the Czech Republic (J. Fanta, invasive plants and invasions into landscapes (M. Rejmánek.

supp39.doc

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Frisch M J, Trucks G W, Schlegel H B, Scuseria G E, Robb M A, Cheeseman J R, Scalmani G, Barone V, Mennucci B, Petersson G A, Nakatsuji H, Caricato M, Li X, Hratchian H P, Izmaylov A F, Bloino J, Zheng G, Sonnenberg J L, Hada M, Ehara M, Toyota K, Fukuda R, Hasegawa J, Ishida M, Nakajima T, Honda Y, Kitao O, ...

XH···C hydrogen bonds in n-alkane-HX

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Hada M, Ehara K, Toyota K, Fukuda R, Hasegawa J,. Ishida M, Nakajima T, Honda Y, Kitao O, Nakai H,. Klene M, Li X, Knox J E, Hratchian H P, Cross J B,. Adamo C, Jaramillo J, Gomperts R, Stratmann R E,. Yazyev O, Austin A J, Cammi R, Pomelli C, Ochterski. J W, Ayala P Y, Morokuma K, Voth G A, Salvador P,.

Dielectric Response at THz Frequencies of Fe Water Complexes and Their Interaction with O3 Calculated by Density Functional Theory

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-24

geometric arrangement of the atoms in a chemical system , at the maximal peak of the energy surface separating reactants from products . In the...Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota , R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda , O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J. A. Montgomery... using DFT. The calculation of ground state resonance structure is for the construction of parameterized dielectric response functions for excitation

Plant communities with Pinus mugo (alliance Pinion mugo in the subalpine belt of the Western Carpathians - a numerical approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jozef Šibík

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A syntaxonomical revision of plant communities with dominant Pinus mugo in the Western Carpathians is presented. The data set of 341 relevés was examined and analysed using the detrended correspondence analysis and the cluster analysis. Major gradients and clusters were interpreted using Ellenberg’s indicator values. The major gradient in species composition was associated with available nutrients and moisture. The authors suggest distinguishing the dwarf pine stands of the supramontanous and subalpine belts of the Western Carpathians referred to the alliance Pinion mugo Pawłowski in Pawłowski et al. 1928 of the order Junipero-Pinetalia mugo Boşcaiu 1971 and the class Roso pendulinae-Pinetea mugo Theurillat in Theurillat et al. 1995, into three separate associations: the Cetrario-Pinetum mugo Hadač 1956, the Homogyno alpinae-Pinetum mugo (Sillinger 1933 nom. nov., and the Adenostylo alliariae-Pinetum mugo (Sillinger 1933 Šoltésová 1974. The authors also elucidated the unauthorized name of the association Vaccinio myrtilli-Pinetum mugo Hadač 1956, which is a younger homonym of the valid name of the association Vaccinio myrtilli-Pinetum montanae Morton 1927 that characterises the acidophilous dwarf pine stands on calcareous bedrocks in the Alps.

Work productivity in a population-based cohort of patients with spondyloarthritis.

Science.gov (United States)

Haglund, Emma; Bremander, Ann; Bergman, Stefan; Jacobsson, Lennart T H; Petersson, Ingemar F

2013-09-01

To assess work productivity and associated factors in patients with SpA. This cross-sectional postal survey included 1773 patients with SpA identified in a regional health care register. Items on presenteeism (reduced productivity at work, 0-100%, 0 = no reduction) were answered by 1447 individuals. Absenteeism was defined as register-based sick leave using data from a national register. Disease duration, disease activity (BASDAI), physical function (BASFI), health-related quality of life (EQ-5D), anxiety (HAD-a), depression (HAD-d), self-efficacy [Arthritis Self-efficacy Scale (ASES) pain and symptom], physical activity and education were also measured. Forty-five per cent reported reduced productivity at work with a mean reduction of 20% (95% CI 18, 21) and women reported a higher mean reduction than men (mean 23% vs 17%, P productivity (r = 0.52-0.66, P productivity at work in patients with SpA regardless of age, gender and disease subgroup. ASES symptoms, HAD-a and education level productivity but were not significant in all strata for age, gender and disease subgroup. Work productivity was reduced in patients with SpA and more so in women. Worse quality of life, disease activity, physical function, self-efficacy and depression were all associated with reduced productivity at work in patients with SpA.

Dielectric Response at THz Frequencies of Mg Water Complexes Interacting with O3 Calculated by Density Functional Theory

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-24

of the atoms in a chemical system , at the maximal peak of the energy surface separating reactants from products . In the transition state every normal...Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota , R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda , O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J. A. Montgomery, Jr., J. E...calculations of ground state resonance structure associated with water complexes of Mg and the interaction of these complexes with Ozone using DFT. The

Higher-Order Adaptive Finite-Element Methods for Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory

Science.gov (United States)

2012-07-03

that are incompatible with most realistic systems containing defects (for e.g. dislocations). Further, the plane- wave basis provides a uniform...spatial resolution which can be inefficient in the treat- ment of non-periodic systems like molecules, nano-clusters etc., or materials systems with defects ...Izmaylov, J. Bloino, G. Zheng, J. L. Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota , R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H

Theoretical Studies of Oxygen Reduction and Proton Transfer in SOFCs and Nerve Agents on Selected Surfaces

Science.gov (United States)

2015-11-19

accurate description of the states of interest in the presence of less accurately described lower-lying states. The basis of this argument lies in the way ...energy is calculated for that vertex and a systematic variation of the parameters is carried out in a way that eliminates the worst vertex after each...Caricato, M.; Li, X.; Hratchian, H. P.; Izmaylov, A. F.; Bloino, J.; Zheng, G.; Sonnenberg, J. L.; Hada, M.; Ehara, M.; Toyota , K.; Fukuda, R

Very High Performance High Nitrogen Energetic Ingredients and Energetic Polymers for Structural Components

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-31

13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES SoUoWtoo^ 14. ABSTRACT This project investigated new energetic materials for use with a triazole cured binder system ...The reaction was repeated using two equivalents of KH. An even more insoluble product was obtained. Figure 8 and 9 show the C-13 and N-15 CP/MAS...Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota , R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda , O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J. A. Montgomery, Jr

Environmental injustice and mobility impairment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael Cahill

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The study of mobility is a growth area in the social sciences. The car system (automobility has hadas one of its consequences reduced opportunities for mobility impaired people to walk in their localenvironment. Immobility has resulted for many people with disabilities. Despite the promotion ofphysical activity by public health guidance local environments are often hazardous for mobilityimpaired people. In particular, there is a problem with cars parking on pavements and pavementcycling.  

Anemia and nutritional status of schoolchildren living at Saudi high altitude area

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abou-Zeid, Alaa H.; Abdel-Fattah, Moataz M.; Hifnawy, Tamer M.; Al-Hassan, Sir-Alkhatima A.; A-Shehri, Abdul Salam A.

2006-01-01

To estimate the prevalence and possible risk factors for anemia and abnormal anthropometric measurements among schoolchildren in Al-Hada Area, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We conducted the study between January and April, 2005 at Al-Hada area. A nested case-control study was conducted to estimate risk factors for anemia and abnormal anthropometric measurements. From 5 schools, 513 students were recruited. The mean hemoglobin concentration was 13.4+/-0.9 g/dL, while the prevalence of anemia was 11.6% and 15.5% based on hemoglobin and hematocrit values. At the same time, underweight affected 14.2% of the students, and stunting affected 12.2%. Moreover, 9.8% of the students were obese and 13.8% suffered from wasting. Most of the victims of anemia and erroneous anthropometric measurements were females, except for wasting which was more prevalent among males. Anemia is highly prevalent among these schoolchildren, which is seriously affecting the growth of 6-14 year-old children. Similarly, malnutrition seems to be a significant health problem among those children as estimated by anthropometric measurements, where all forms of abnormal body measurements affected at least 9.8% of the studied group. An in-depth investigation of the etiological factors of iron deficiency and malnutrition is urgently needed, and suitable nutrition-education and iron supplementation programs are recommended. (author)

Avaliação da ansiedade e depressão no período pré-operatório em pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cardíacos invasivos Evaluación de la ansiedad y depresión en el período preoperatorio en pacientes sometidos a procedimientos cardíacos Evaluation of preoperative anxiety and depression in patients undergoing invasive cardiac procedures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Fernando Carneiro

2009-08-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A avaliação específica da ansiedade e da depressão não está incluída na rotina de avaliação pré-operatória, o que faz com que em situações como as doenças cardíacas, em que o estado emocional dos pacientes pode estar modificado pela própria doença, possam não ser diagnosticadas. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o nível e a prevalência de ansiedade e depressão em pacientes com doença cardíaca a serem submetidos a procedimentos invasivos e/ou cirúrgicos, utilizando a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - HAD. MÉTODO: Após a aprovação pelos Comitês de Ética, foram incluídos 96 pacientes, estado físico ASA II e III, que constituíram três grupos: estudo eletrofisiológico (EEF, implante de marcapasso (MP e revascularização do miocárdio (RM. Os escores considerados "ponto de corte" foram: escala HAD-ansiedade (HAD-A com ansiedade > 9; escala HAD-depressão (HAD-D com depressão > 9. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram homogêneos quanto às variáveis sociodemográficas. Observou-se diferença estatística significativa entre os três grupos (p = 0,006; p = 0,034 quanto ao nível e prevalência de ansiedade (HAD-A e na comparação do nível de ansiedade grupo a grupo verificou-se diferença significativa entre os grupos EEF × RM e EEF × MP (p JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La evaluación específica de la ansiedad y de la depresión no está incluida en la rutina de evaluación preoperatoria, lo que hace con que en algunas situaciones como las enfermedades cardiacas, en que el estado emocional de los pacientes puede estar modificado por la propia enfermedad, puedan no quedar diagnosticadas. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el nivel y la prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con enfermedad cardiaca a ser sometidos a procedimientos invasivos y/o quirúrgicos, utilizando la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (Hospital Anxiety

U.S. Victory in the First Gulf War: Implication for the Future of U.S. Foreign Policy

Science.gov (United States)

2008-12-01

Year War with Iran was a setback; the need for more oil revenue to pay for the war debt was critical. The second chapter examines the use of...Israel fled from bondage , and wandered for 40 years in the wilderness before they were permitted to enter the Promised Land. Their leader Moses had...a setback; the need for more oil revenue to pay for the war debt was critical. He was a man with a great ego, a man on a mission, and a major threat

Morfodinámica del litoral caribe y amenazas naturales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Flórez

2001-01-01

especialmente el retroceso de la línea de costa debido al evento transgresivo menor de los últimos 150 años, durante el cual se estima un ascenso del nivel del medio del mar de aproximadamente 20cm, como consecuencia del calentamiento. La erosión y retroceso de la línea de costa está afectando los asentamientos humanos ubicados en el litoral, tanto en sus obras de infraestructura como en sus actividades. El estudio muestra que la tendencia es hada el aumento del problema, con los consiguientes impactos sodo-ambientales.

Hormone-treated transsexuals report less social distress, anxiety and depression.

Science.gov (United States)

Gómez-Gil, Esther; Zubiaurre-Elorza, Leire; Esteva, Isabel; Guillamon, Antonio; Godás, Teresa; Cruz Almaraz, M; Halperin, Irene; Salamero, Manel

2012-05-01

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of symptoms of current social distress, anxiety and depression in transsexuals. We investigated a group of 187 transsexual patients attending a gender identity unit; 120 had undergone hormonal sex-reassignment (SR) treatment and 67 had not. We used the Social Anxiety and Distress Scale (SADS) for assessing social anxiety and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for evaluating current depression and anxiety. The mean SADS and HADS scores were in the normal range except for the HAD-Anxiety subscale (HAD-A) on the non-treated transsexual group. SADS, HAD-A, and HAD-Depression (HAD-D) mean scores were significantly higher among patients who had not begun cross-sex hormonal treatment compared with patients in hormonal treatment (F=4.362, p=.038; F=14.589, p=.001; F=9.523, p=.002 respectively). Similarly, current symptoms of anxiety and depression were present in a significantly higher percentage of untreated patients than in treated patients (61% vs. 33% and 31% vs. 8% respectively). The results suggest that most transsexual patients attending a gender identity unit reported subclinical levels of social distress, anxiety, and depression. Moreover, patients under cross-sex hormonal treatment displayed a lower prevalence of these symptoms than patients who had not initiated hormonal therapy. Although the findings do not conclusively demonstrate a direct positive effect of hormone treatment in transsexuals, initiating this treatment may be associated with better mental health of these patients. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pulsed Plasma Electron Sources

Science.gov (United States)

Krasik, Yakov

2008-11-01

Pulsed (˜10-7 s) electron beams with high current density (>10^2 A/cm^2) are generated in diodes with electric field of E > 10^6 V/cm. The source of electrons in these diodes is explosive emission plasma, which limits pulse duration; in the case E Saveliev, J. Appl. Phys. 98, 093308 (2005). Ya. E. Krasik, A. Dunaevsky, and J. Felsteiner, Phys. Plasmas 8, 2466 (2001). D. Yarmolich, V. Vekselman, V. Tz. Gurovich, and Ya. E. Krasik, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 075004 (2008). J. Z. Gleizer, Y. Hadas and Ya. E. Krasik, Europhysics Lett. 82, 55001 (2008).

La familia Simpson y los nuevos dibujos animados

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Martha Cecilia Ruiz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Los dibujos animados exclusivamente para niños, mostraban imágenes tiernas y muñequitos dulces y estéticamente preciosos. Las historias eran por lo general cuentos graciosos que divertían a los pequeños: brujas hadas, animales y niños bonitos eran los principales personajes de los dibujos, centrados en tramas inocentes como el Oso Yogui y Tom & Jerry. En la actualidad los dibujos animados son totalmente diferentes y cuestionadores, quizá Los Simpson sean el mejor ejemplo. De este modo esta comedia familiar han interesado también a los adultos.

Effect of nitrofen in the final stages of development of the diaphragm muscle in rats Efeito do nitrofen na fase final do desenvolvimento da musculatura do diafragma em ratos

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Frances Lilian Lanhellas Gonçalves

2013-01-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To evaluate the expression of myosin in muscle fibers of the diaphragm in experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH. METHODS: Fetuses of pregnant rats were divided into four groups: External Control (EC, composed of non-manipulated rats; Nitrofen, composed of pregnant rats that received 100 mg of nitrofen (2,4-dichloro-4'nitrodiphenyl ether diluted in olive oil on gestational day (GD 9.5, whose fetuses developed CDH (N+ or not (N-, and Olive Oil Placebo (OO, composed of pregnant rats that received the oil on the same GD. The fetuses were collected on GD 18.5, 19.5, 20.5 and 21.5 (term = 22 days. We obtained body weight (BW and photographed the diaphragm area (DA, hernia area (HA and subsequent calculated the HA/DA ratio in N+ group. Samples of Diaphragm muscle were processed for histological staining with H/E and immunohistochemistry (IHQ for myosin.} RESULTS: The fetuses of N- and N+ groups had decreased BW and DA compared to EC and OO groups (p OBJETIVO: Avaliar a expressão da miosina na muscularização do diafragma na hérnia diafragmática congênita (CDH experimental. MÉTODOS: Fetos de ratas foram divididos em quatro grupos: Controle Externo (EC, composto de ratas não manipuladas; Nitrofen, composto de ratas que receberam 100 mg de nitrofen (2,4-dicloro-4'nitrodifenil éter diluído no azeite no dia de gestação (GD 9.5, cujos fetos desenvolveram CDH (N+ ou não (N- e Placebo óleo de oliva (OO, composto de ratas que ingeriram apenas óleo no mesmo GD. Os fetos foram coletados com 18,5, 19,5, 20,5 e 21,5 GD (termo = 22 dias. Foi obtido o peso corporal (BW e tiradas fotografias da área do diafragma (DA, da hérnia (HA e calculada a relação HA/DA no grupo N+. Amostras de diafragmas foram processadas histologicamente para coloração com H/E e imunohistoquímica. RESULTADOS: Os fetos dos grupos N- e N+ tiveram BW e DA diminuídos em relação aos grupos EC e OO (p<0.001. Só houve diferença na HA entre os GD 18.5 e 21

Feeding traits of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, and the invasive Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Mette; Hansen, Benni Winding; Vismann, Bent

2017-01-01

Two oysters, the native flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, and the non-indigenous Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, have partially overlapping distributions in European waters. Relatively little is known about particle selection by O. edulis, and the goal of the present study was to establish baselines...... for particle selection by both oyster species under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The study was carried out with adult oysters of similar shell size collected in the Limfjord estuary, Denmark (56°47′N, 08°51′E), in November 2011. The feeding traits of both species [clearance rate (CR), retention...... efficiency (RE) and lower threshold for clearance (LTC)] were compared using five algal species with different cell sizes (5−32 µm ESD) (Isochrysis galbana, Rhodomonas salina, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Prorocentrum micans and Akashiwo sanguinea). Oysters were acclimated to an experimental temperature of 22...

Hyaline Tintinnina (Protozoa-Ciliophora-Oligotrichida from northeast Brazilian coastal reefs

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Roberto Sassi

1989-01-01

Full Text Available Seven species of hyaline Tintinnina were obtained from plankton samples collected near the coastal reefs of Ponta do Seixas (Lat. 7º09'16"S, Long. 34º4735"W, Northeastern Brazil, from April 1981 to May 1982 and from April 1983 to May 1984: Amphorellopsis acuta (Schmidt, 1901, Dadayiella ganymedes (Entz Sr., 1884, Epiplocyloides reticulata (Ostenfeld & Schmidt, 1901, Eutintinnus tubulosus (Ostenfeld, 1899, Favella ehrenbergi (Claparède & Lachmann, 1858, Metacylis mereschkowskyi Kofoid & Campbell, 1929 and M. perspicax (Hada, 1938. The most frequent and abundant species were M. mereschkowskyi and F. ehrenbergi. Except/.ganymedes, E. reticulata and F. ehrenbergi all species are new records from Brazil. Metacylis perspicax is also the seventh world register. For all species we provide description, drawings, measurements, seasonal occurrence, world distribution and some systematic comments.

Cuentos, vínculos de apego y organizaciones de significado personal

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Furio Lambruschi

2009-06-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo se centra en analizar los distintos significados y formas narrativas que le brindan niños de distintas organizaciones de significado personal a los cuentos de hadas. Primariamente se analiza la estructura narrativa de los cuentos infantiles (carencia, partida y final feliz. Siguiendo una visión evolutiva y acorde con las teorías post-racionalista y del apego, se buscará evidenciar cómo un mismo cuento puede tener distintos significados de acuerdo a la organización de significado personal, o cómo al interior de la misma, distintos cuentos pueden tener un significado similar. Finalmente, se esbozan algunos de los posibles usos que en la práctica clínica pueden tener los cuentos infantiles.

El curriculum: en proceso de reconstrucción y construcción teórica a partir de la investigación

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Hermes Henriguez Algarin

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Se intenta a partir de este escrito, asumir el currículo en la educación superior como un proceso de investigación público que se construye y reconstruye a partir de Los procesos de observación, reflexión, planeación, acción y evaluación en espirales de formación, que reflejan el avance y transformación en las acciones de la practica educativa, hada los procesos de calidad institucional. Así mismo, se propone un procedimiento, a manera de reflexión, sobre lo quo podría ser el desarrollo curricular como proceso de investigación en la acción y la reflexión sobre la posibilidad de construir un currículo interdisciplinario en la universidad a partir de la investigación.

Znaky populární literatury v románu Gastona Lerouxe Záhada žlutého pokoje

OpenAIRE

Langová, Dana

2013-01-01

TITLE OF THESIS: The characteristics of the popular literature in the novel The mystery of the yellow room by Gaston Leroux SUPERVISOR: Dr. PhDr. Renáta Listíková, MCF AUTHOR: Dana Langová DEPARTMENT: Department of French Language and Literature ABSTRACT: The aim of this bachelor's thesis "The characteristics of the popular literature in the novel The Mystery of the Yellow Room by Gaston Leroux" is to demonstrate why the popular literature is so popular among a broad audience and how it achie...

Comparison of the effects of PMDD and pre-menstrual syndrome on mood disorders and quality of life: a cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Balık, Gülşah; Hocaoğlu, Çiçek; Kağıtcı, Mehmet; Güvenda Güven, Emine Seda

2015-01-01

In this study, we compared psychiatric symptoms, quality of life and disability in patients with pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS). Forty-nine women with PMDD were compared with 43 women with PMS. All participants were asked to complete a socio-demographic data collection form, a Brief Disability Questionnaire, a medical study short form-36 (SF-36) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) forms. The patients with PMDD had higher HAD-A and HAD-D scores than the patients in PMS group (p 0.05), but both groups had medium level of brief disability. The PMDD group had a lower SF-36 scoring than the PMS group in every compared parameters (p PMS and PMDD may lead to brief disability, and PMDD may cause loss of quality of life and psychological problems. The evaluation of patients with PMS and PMDD pre-menstrual disorders should be more detailed.

The new polarized neutron reflectometer in Juelich

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruecker, U.; Alefeld, B.; Bergs, W.; Kentzinger, E.; Brueckel, T.

1999-01-01

On the basis of the HADAS spectrometer in the guide hall of the Juelich research reactor FRJ-2 a polarized neutron reflectometer is build with a 2D-position sensitive detector system. The new spectrometer is optimized for reflectivity and diffuse magnetic scattering measurements with small incident angles on thin magnetic films with thicknesses in the nm range. The polarization analyzer covers the whole detector area, so that a range of 2.5 deg in the scattering angle can be measured simultaneously. The analyzer consists of a stack of supermirrors tilted against the scattering plane. In this reflection geometry, the momentum transfer resolution of the instrument is not reduced, but the sample height is limited to 17 mm. For the monochromator, polarizer and collimation different setups have been compared on the basis of Monte-Carlo calculations: a focusing elliptical supermirror monochromator, a cylindrical mirror, a focusing pyrolytic graphite double monochromator and a double monochromator with bent perfect Si crystals. (author)

Health research priorities in medical thesis at National University of Piura, 2010-2014

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Nelson Purizaca-Rosillo

2016-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVES To determine the frequency of thesis to obtain the medical degree at the NationalUniversity of Piura (UNP whose aim was framed within the Peru's nationaland/or Piura's regionalHRP from 201Oto 2014. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectionalstudy was conducted.All thesis to obtain the medicaldegree registered at the library of the UNP and the specialized library of the human medicine faculty from 2010 to 2014 were included.According the aim of the thesis,it was determinedif it was related toa nationalor regionalHRP.We searched through Google Scholar if the thesis that met witha HRP hadbeen published in a scientific joumal. RESULTS 150 thesis were found in the study period. Only 15 (10% thesis hadas the main objective a nationalHRP and 1 (0.6% a regionalHRP.Besides,none of the thesis had been published. CONCLUSIONS Thereis a low frequency of medicalthesis that were framed within a nationaland/or regionalHRP.

Use of cold neutrons for condensed matter research at the neutron guide laboratory ELLA in Juelich

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schaetzler, R.; Monkenbusch, M.

1998-01-01

Cold neutrons produced in the FRJ-2 DIDO reactor are guided into the external hall ELLA. It hosts 10 instruments that are red by three major neutron guides. Cold neutrons allow for diffraction and small angle scattering experiments resolving mesoscopic structures (1 to 100 nm). Contrast variation by isotopic substitution in chemically identical species yields information uniquely accessible bi neutrons. Inelastic scattering of cold neutrons allows investigating slow molecular motions because the low neutron velocity results in large relative velocity changes even at small energy transfers. The SANS machines and the HADAS reflectometer serve as structure probes and the backscattering BSS1 and spin-echo spectrometers NSE as main dynamics probes. Besides this the diffuse scattering instrument DNS and the lattice parameter determination instrument LAP deal mainly with crystals and their defects. Finally the beta-NMR and the EKN position allow for methods other than scattering employing nuclear reactions for solid state physics, chemistry and biology/medicine. (author)

Application of a laser fluorometer for discriminating phytoplankton species

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Peng; Pan, Delu; Mao, Zhihua

2015-04-01

A portable laser-induced fluorescence system for discriminating phytoplankton species has been developed. It consists of a high pulsed repetition frequency (10-kHz) microchip laser at 405 nm, a reflective fluorescent probe and a broadband micro spectrometer. The measured fluorescent spectra were overlapped by various fluorescent components, and were then decomposed by a bi-Gaussian mixture model. A spectral shape description index was designed to characterize fluorescent spectral shapes for descriminating the phytoplankton species cultured in our laboratory. Using clustering analysis, the samples of eight phytoplankton species belonging to two divisions of Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta were divided into six categories: 1) Chaetoceros debilis, Thalassiosira rotula; 2) Prorocentrum donghaiense, Prorocentrum dentatum; 3) Gymnodinium simplex; 4) Alexandrium tamarense; 5) Karenia mikimotoi; and 6) Akashiwo sanguinea. The phytoplankton species belonging to Bacillariophyta were well separated from those belonging to Dinophyta. In addition, the phytoplankton species belonging to Dinophyta were successfully distinguished from each other at genus level. The portable system is expected to be used both in vivo and in the field.

Relation between serum creatinine and postoperative results of open-heart surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Ezeldin, Tamer H

2013-10-01

To determine the impact of preoperative serum creatinine level in non-dialyzable patients on postoperative morbidity and mortality. This is a prospective study, where serum creatinine was used to give primary assessment on renal function status preoperatively. This study includes 1,033 patients, who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, or valve(s) operations. The study took place at Al-Hada Military Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi between May 2008 and January 2012. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi square (x2) test and multivariable logistic regression, to evaluate the postoperative morbidity and mortality risks associated with low serum creatinine levels. Postoperative mortality increased with high serum creatinine level >1.8 mg/dL (pcreatinine level of more than 1.8 mg/dL was associated with increased risk of re-operation for bleeding, postoperative renal failure, prolonged ventilatory support, ICU stay, and total hospital stay. Perioperative serum creatinine is strongly related to post operative morbidity and mortality in open heart surgery. High serum creatinine in non-dialyzable patients can predict the increased morbidity and mortality after cardiac operations.

Pareto-optimal phylogenetic tree reconciliation.

Science.gov (United States)

Libeskind-Hadas, Ran; Wu, Yi-Chieh; Bansal, Mukul S; Kellis, Manolis

2014-06-15

Phylogenetic tree reconciliation is a widely used method for reconstructing the evolutionary histories of gene families and species, hosts and parasites and other dependent pairs of entities. Reconciliation is typically performed using maximum parsimony, in which each evolutionary event type is assigned a cost and the objective is to find a reconciliation of minimum total cost. It is generally understood that reconciliations are sensitive to event costs, but little is understood about the relationship between event costs and solutions. Moreover, choosing appropriate event costs is a notoriously difficult problem. We address this problem by giving an efficient algorithm for computing Pareto-optimal sets of reconciliations, thus providing the first systematic method for understanding the relationship between event costs and reconciliations. This, in turn, results in new techniques for computing event support values and, for cophylogenetic analyses, performing robust statistical tests. We provide new software tools and demonstrate their use on a number of datasets from evolutionary genomic and cophylogenetic studies. Our Python tools are freely available at www.cs.hmc.edu/∼hadas/xscape. . © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press.

HADA. A FORTRAN-IV program for the thermohydraulic design of an advanced pressurized light water reactor with a tight fuel rod lattice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dalle Donne, M.

1985-03-01

For the user of the program the input data are described in detail. Two sample runs demonstrate the usage of the program and the output. In addition to the description of the physical background given in KfK 3453, the provided and used solution algorithms are explained. In the last chapters the utility programs are described and an installation guide for the program system is listed. (orig.) [de

Does preoperative abduction value affect functional outcome of combined muscle transfer and release procedures in obstetrical palsy patients with shoulder involvement?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Onel Defne

2004-08-01

also no significant difference between the two groups in the preoperative external rotation, the external rotation gain and the postoperative external rotation (p = 0.163, p = 0.181 and p = 0.803, respectively. Conclusions Obstetric palsy patients with shoulder sequela who had a preoperative abduction less than 90°hadas good functional results using latissimus dorsi, teres major muscle transfer and subscapularis muscle release as the patients who hada preoperative abduction greater than 90°.

Imágenes del átomo: un producto del esfuerzo científico por comprender la estructura de la materia

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P. Cabrera

2009-10-01

Full Text Available En este escrito mostramos algunas de las representaciones del constituyente básico de la materia, siendo todas creaciones del intelecto humano, y no por ello son cuentos de hadas, por el contrario se encuentran basados en valores numéricos y datos experimentales, avalados por teorías aceptadas, no obstante al estar ubicadas en diferentes momentos históricos, suplían solo las necesidades de la época. Así pues, haciendo una revisión del concepto, se abarca la idea de átomo desde las ultimas concepciones de la mecánica clásica, su transición en lo que se conoce como una mezcla entre la mecánica clásica y cuántica (mecánica cuántica de antaño, y la nueva representación que implico la visión de la mecánica cuántica, en adición a esto y haciendo alusión al título, mostraremos un nuevo constituyente básico de la materia desarrollado a través de la manipulación del hombre denominados puntos cuánticos.

El Dominio de los Hemisferios Cerebrales

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Romero-Urréa, Holguer

2010-08-01

Full Text Available The intellectual differences and the ski/Is between men and women have been the subject of severa/ controversies, which have even given origin to antagonist philosophical trainings in the historical happenings. We al/ know that the human brain without distinction of sex consist of two cerebral hemispheres, the /eft one with a specífic function and the right alike has a characteristicfunction, the difference started when it was determined that and man hada more develo­ ped cerebral hemisphere than the other and the woman has developed the opposite hemisphere to the man. Far severa[ millenniums, the woman has been, who has ruledfor its specia/ characteristics in her behaviour has dominated the world despite its so- called weaker sex. Has prevailed the knowledge that the domain of one of the two hemispheres is what determines the intellectual abilityfor the intuition has been given to the woman who holds the dominant brain, but severa/ studies show us that there is no dominant brain, each hemisphere plays a role , and the man's brain and woman are structurally similar. It will be checked that already have given lobotomies and the individua/'s existence is normal.

Medical Students Circadian Sleep Rhythms and Academic Performance

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Isabel Pérez-Olmos

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Objective: to evaluate, with a preliminarystudy, the distribution of circadian rhythms, sleepschedule patterns and their relationship withacademic performance on medical students.Methodology: in this descriptive study, a 10 itemoriginal questionnaire about sleep rhythms andacademic performance was applied to medicalstudents from different semesters. Week (classtime and weekend schedules, preferences,daytime somnolence and academic performancewere asked. Three chronotypes (morningness,intermediate and eveningness were definedamong waking-sleeping preference, difficulty tosleep early, exam preparation preference hour and real sleep schedule. The sleep hour deficit perweek night was also calculated. Results: Of the318 medical students that answered the questionnaire,62.6% corresponded to intermediatechronotypes, 8.8% to evening-type and 28.7%to morning-type. Significant difference wasfound among the two chronotype tails (p=0.000,Chi-square 31.13. No correlation was foundbetween academic performance and age, sex,chronotype, week sleep deficit and sleep hours inweek and weekends. A 71.1% of the students slept6 or fewer hours during class time and 78% hada sleep deficit (more frequent in the eveningchronotype. Conclusions: No relation was foundbetween sleep chronotype and academic performance.Students tend to morningness. Fewstudies have been made on equatorial zones orwithout seasons.

Boosting Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Production With Rhizobacteria From Various Plants in Saudi Arabia

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Ihsanullah Daur

2018-04-01

Full Text Available This study focused on rhizobacteria to promote sustainable crop production in arid regions of Saudi Arabia. The study isolated 17 tightly root-adhering rhizobacteria from various plants at Hada Al Sham in Saudi Arabia. All 17 rhizobacterial isolates were confirmed as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria by classical biochemical tests. Using 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses, the strains were identified as Bacillus, Acinetobacter and Enterobacter. Subsequently, the strains were assessed for their ability to improve the physiology, nutrient uptake, growth, and yield of alfalfa plants grown under desert agriculture conditions. The field trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design. Inoculation of alfalfa with any of these 17 strains improved the relative water content; chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b; carotenoid contents; nitrogen (N, phosphorus, and potassium contents; plant height; leaf-to-stem ratio; and fresh and dry weight. Acinetobacter pittii JD-14 was most effective to increase fresh and dry weight of alfalfa by 41 and 34%, respectively, when compared to non-inoculated control plants. Nevertheless, all strains enhanced crop traits when compared to controls plants, indicating that these desert rhizobacterial strains could be used to develop an eco-friendly biofertilizer for alfalfa and possibly other crop plants to enhance sustainable production in arid regions.

Boosting Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Production With Rhizobacteria From Various Plants in Saudi Arabia

KAUST Repository

Daur, Ihsanullah; Saad, Maged; Eida, Abdul Aziz; Ahmad, Shakeel; Shah, Zahid Hussain; Ihsan, Muhammad Z.; Muhammad, Yasir; Sohrab, Sayed S.; Hirt, Heribert

2018-01-01

This study focused on rhizobacteria to promote sustainable crop production in arid regions of Saudi Arabia. The study isolated 17 tightly root-adhering rhizobacteria from various plants at Hada Al Sham in Saudi Arabia. All 17 rhizobacterial isolates were confirmed as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria by classical biochemical tests. Using 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses, the strains were identified as Bacillus, Acinetobacter and Enterobacter. Subsequently, the strains were assessed for their ability to improve the physiology, nutrient uptake, growth, and yield of alfalfa plants grown under desert agriculture conditions. The field trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design. Inoculation of alfalfa with any of these 17 strains improved the relative water content; chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b; carotenoid contents; nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium contents; plant height; leaf-to-stem ratio; and fresh and dry weight. Acinetobacter pittii JD-14 was most effective to increase fresh and dry weight of alfalfa by 41 and 34%, respectively, when compared to non-inoculated control plants. Nevertheless, all strains enhanced crop traits when compared to controls plants, indicating that these desert rhizobacterial strains could be used to develop an eco-friendly biofertilizer for alfalfa and possibly other crop plants to enhance sustainable production in arid regions.

Boosting Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Production With Rhizobacteria From Various Plants in Saudi Arabia.

Science.gov (United States)

Daur, Ihsanullah; Saad, Maged M; Eida, Abdul Aziz; Ahmad, Shakeel; Shah, Zahid Hussain; Ihsan, Muhammad Z; Muhammad, Yasir; Sohrab, Sayed S; Hirt, Heribert

2018-01-01

This study focused on rhizobacteria to promote sustainable crop production in arid regions of Saudi Arabia. The study isolated 17 tightly root-adhering rhizobacteria from various plants at Hada Al Sham in Saudi Arabia. All 17 rhizobacterial isolates were confirmed as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria by classical biochemical tests. Using 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses, the strains were identified as Bacillus, Acinetobacter and Enterobacter . Subsequently, the strains were assessed for their ability to improve the physiology, nutrient uptake, growth, and yield of alfalfa plants grown under desert agriculture conditions. The field trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design. Inoculation of alfalfa with any of these 17 strains improved the relative water content; chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b; carotenoid contents; nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium contents; plant height; leaf-to-stem ratio; and fresh and dry weight. Acinetobacter pittii JD-14 was most effective to increase fresh and dry weight of alfalfa by 41 and 34%, respectively, when compared to non-inoculated control plants. Nevertheless, all strains enhanced crop traits when compared to controls plants, indicating that these desert rhizobacterial strains could be used to develop an eco-friendly biofertilizer for alfalfa and possibly other crop plants to enhance sustainable production in arid regions.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of granulomatous mastitis with special emphasis on microbiologic correlation.

Science.gov (United States)

Nemenqani, Dalal; Yaqoob, Nausheen; Hafiz, Momein

2009-01-01

To describe the cytomorphology of granulomatous mastitis (GM) and to evaluate the causative agents involved, proven on the basis of microbiologic culture results and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies. We retrospectively reviewed the inflammatory breast aspirates reported at King Abdul Aziz Specialist Hospital and Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from January 2000 until March 2008. The pathology reports, clinical information, slides, microbiologic culture results and tuberculosis (TB)/PCR were reviewed. Cases of inflammatory carcinoma or duct ectasia were excluded. A total of 49 cases of inflammatory breast aspirates were identified, of which 15 cases were GM. The microbiologic cultures of all 15 cases were available. Six of 15 cases had positive culture for Brucella melitenses, and 2 cases were positive for TB, which was further confirmed by TB/PCR. The fungal cultures were negative in all the cases. Seven of 15 cases were classified as idiopathic GM. Fine needle aspiration cytology was found to be a useful tool in the early diagnosis of GM and its classification if performed by a pathologist as the material can be submitted for culture. The definitive diagnosis can be established by a combination of the cytomorphologic features and microbiologic studies.

Boosting Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Production With Rhizobacteria From Various Plants in Saudi Arabia

KAUST Repository

Daur, Ihsanullah

2018-04-04

This study focused on rhizobacteria to promote sustainable crop production in arid regions of Saudi Arabia. The study isolated 17 tightly root-adhering rhizobacteria from various plants at Hada Al Sham in Saudi Arabia. All 17 rhizobacterial isolates were confirmed as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria by classical biochemical tests. Using 16S rDNA gene sequence analyses, the strains were identified as Bacillus, Acinetobacter and Enterobacter. Subsequently, the strains were assessed for their ability to improve the physiology, nutrient uptake, growth, and yield of alfalfa plants grown under desert agriculture conditions. The field trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design. Inoculation of alfalfa with any of these 17 strains improved the relative water content; chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b; carotenoid contents; nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium contents; plant height; leaf-to-stem ratio; and fresh and dry weight. Acinetobacter pittii JD-14 was most effective to increase fresh and dry weight of alfalfa by 41 and 34%, respectively, when compared to non-inoculated control plants. Nevertheless, all strains enhanced crop traits when compared to controls plants, indicating that these desert rhizobacterial strains could be used to develop an eco-friendly biofertilizer for alfalfa and possibly other crop plants to enhance sustainable production in arid regions.

Harmful algal blooms and Vibrio spp. association in fishing and marine farming areas of mollusk bivalves in Sechura and Pisco bays, Peru

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Rita Orozco

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Between February 2010 and May 2014, 22 surveys in Pisco and 16 in Sechura were conducted; both are major areas for shellfish production and mariculture in Peru. The incidence of Vibrio in seawater was monitored during algal blooms and in their absence. Environmental parameters such as temperature and nutrients were measured. In Sechura, Pseudo-nitzschia seriata and Protoperidinium depressum caused algal blooms and were dominant throughout the evaluation period. The temperatures in this area ranged from 21.8 to 25.3 °C. In Pisco, the harmful algal bloom-forming Akashiwo sanguinea, Messodinium rubrum, and Prorocentrum minimum and the dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polikrykoides were most prevalent. Harmful algal blooms occurred when temperatures were between 17.1 and 23.3 °C, with phosphates ranging 1.22 - 6.85 µM and nitrates 0.15 - 7.85 µM. In May 2012, the dinoflagellate Alexandrium peruvianum caused an algal bloom, with temperatures ranging 18.0 to 23.2 °C, phosphate values from 0.73 to 11.56 µM, and nitrates from 0.76 to 9.81 µM. Coliforms were low, < 2 - 23 MPN/100 ml, in both bays throughout the study period. Vibrio alginolyticus was the dominant Vibrio spp. predominated in both bays, while V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus were detected in Pisco, where warmer sea temperatures are common and severe infections cases by seafood ingestion has been associated with a pathogen V. parahaemolyticus.

Effects of a surfacing effluent plume on a coastal phytoplankton community

KAUST Repository

Reifel, Kristen M.

2013-06-01

Urban runoff and effluent discharge from heavily populated coastal areas can negatively impact water quality, beneficial uses, and coastal ecosystems. The planned release of treated wastewater (i.e. effluent) from the City of Los Angeles Hyperion Wastewater Treatment Plant, located in Playa del Rey, California, provided an opportunity to study the effects of an effluent discharge plume from its initial release until it could no longer be detected in the coastal ocean. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis of phytoplankton community structure revealed distinct community groups based on salinity, temperature, and CDOM concentration. Three dinoflagellates (Lingulodinium polyedrum, Cochlodinium sp., Akashiwo sanguinea) were dominant (together >50% abundance) prior to the diversion. Cochlodinium sp. became dominant (65-90% abundance) within newly surfaced wastewater, and A. sanguinea became dominant or co-dominant as the effluent plume aged and mixed with ambient coastal water. Localized blooms of Cochlodinium sp. and A. sanguinea (chlorophyll a up to 100mgm-3 and densities between 100 and 2000cellsmL-1) occurred 4-7 days after the diversion within the effluent plume. Although both Cochlodinium sp. and A. sanguinea have been occasionally reported from California waters, blooms of these species have only recently been observed along the California coast. Our work supports the hypothesis that effluent and urban runoff discharge can stimulate certain dinoflagellate blooms. All three dinoflagellates have similar ecophysiological characteristics; however, small differences in morphology, nutrient preferences, and environmental requirements may explain the shift in dinoflagellate composition. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Surface-modified silk hydrogel containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticle with hyaluronic acid-dopamine conjugate.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Hyung Hwan; Park, Jong Bo; Kang, Min Ji; Park, Young Hwan

2014-09-01

Silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (SF/HAp) composite hydrogels were fabricated in this study, having different HAp contents (0-33 wt%) in SF matrix hydrogel. Surface modification of HAp nanoparticle with hyaluronic acid (HA)-dopamine (DA) conjugate improved a dispersibility of HAp in aqueous SF solution due to its negatively charged surface and therefore, fabrication of the SF composite hydrogel having HAp nanoparticles inside could be possible. Zeta potential of surface-modified HAP was examined by ELS. It demonstrates that surface of HAp was well modified to a negative charge with HA-DA. Morphological structure of SF hydrogel containing surface-modified HAp was examined by FE-SEM for analyzing pore structure of hydrogel and deposition of HAp nanoparticle in SF hydrogel. It was found that HAp nanoparticles were uniformly deposited on the pore wall of SF hydrogel. Structural characteristics of SF/HAp composite hydrogel was performed using X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analysis. It was found that β-sheet crystal conformation of SF was significantly influenced by the HAp content during gelation of a mixture of SF and HAp. As a result of MTT assay, the SF/HAp composite hydrogel showed excellent cell proliferation ability. Therefore, it is expected that SF hydrogel containing HAp nanoparticles has a high potential as bone regeneration scaffold. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

GESTIÓN, INVESTIGACIÓN Y NARRATIVA: INVESTIGAR ES UN JUEGO

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Omar Parra Rozo

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo hace parte del proyecto investigativo institucional PROIN, del que se han realizado los siguientes productos: Gestión, investigación y narrativa. La gestión es cosa de niños y la investigación es cuento de hadas. Los procesos investigativos se estructuran de manera similar a la construcción y manifestación de los relatos, y constituyen una expresión de la cultura, de la historia. La investigación se fusiona con el juego y adquiere sus múltiples acepciones y variadas interpretaciones; así puede inclinarse fácilmente hacia un camino investigativo donde se encuentran presentes, por lo menos: el azar, la duda, la incertidumbre, la observación, el registro, el riesgo, el análisis, la fortuna, el placer, el investigador, el equipo, las probabilidades, la búsqueda, el encuentro, los juguetes, el jugador y el juego. Se sabe a ciencia cierta que, en el juego, prima el impulso de la búsqueda del querer encontrar algo, un deseo que hace que el camino se abra o se construya, que la creatividad se agudice, que el jugador se involucre y se introduzca en un territorio –inhóspito, muchas veces– a través de un sendero para el cual nunca se está lo suficientemente preparado.

Apical groove type and molecular phylogeny suggests reclassification of Cochlodinium geminatum as Polykrikos geminatum.

Science.gov (United States)

Qiu, Dajun; Huang, Liangmin; Liu, Sheng; Zhang, Huan; Lin, Senjie

2013-01-01

Traditionally Cocholodinium and Gymnodinium sensu lato clade are distinguished based on the cingulum turn number, which has been increasingly recognized to be inadequate for Gymnodiniales genus classification. This has been improved by the combination of the apical groove characteristics and molecular phylogeny, which has led to the erection of several new genera (Takayama, Akashiwo, Karenia, and Karlodinium). Taking the apical groove characteristics and molecular phylogeny combined approach, we reexamined the historically taxonomically uncertain species Cochlodinium geminatum that formed massive blooms in Pearl River Estuary, China, in recent years. Samples were collected from a bloom in 2011 for morphological, characteristic pigment, and molecular analyses. We found that the cingulum in this species wraps around the cell body about 1.2 turns on average but can appear under the light microscopy to be >1.5 turns after the cells have been preserved. The shape of its apical groove, however, was stably an open-ended anticlockwise loop of kidney bean shape, similar to that of Polykrikos. Furthermore, the molecular phylogenetic analysis using 18S rRNA-ITS-28S rRNA gene cistron we obtained in this study also consistently placed this species closest to Polykrikos within the Gymnodinium sensu stricto clade and set it far separated from the clade of Cochlodinium. These results suggest that this species should be transferred to Polykrikos as Polykrikos geminatum. Our results reiterate the need to use the combination of apical groove morphology and molecular phylogeny for the classification of species within the genus of Cochlodinium and other Gymnodiniales lineages.

Apical groove type and molecular phylogeny suggests reclassification of Cochlodinium geminatum as Polykrikos geminatum.

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Dajun Qiu

Full Text Available Traditionally Cocholodinium and Gymnodinium sensu lato clade are distinguished based on the cingulum turn number, which has been increasingly recognized to be inadequate for Gymnodiniales genus classification. This has been improved by the combination of the apical groove characteristics and molecular phylogeny, which has led to the erection of several new genera (Takayama, Akashiwo, Karenia, and Karlodinium. Taking the apical groove characteristics and molecular phylogeny combined approach, we reexamined the historically taxonomically uncertain species Cochlodinium geminatum that formed massive blooms in Pearl River Estuary, China, in recent years. Samples were collected from a bloom in 2011 for morphological, characteristic pigment, and molecular analyses. We found that the cingulum in this species wraps around the cell body about 1.2 turns on average but can appear under the light microscopy to be >1.5 turns after the cells have been preserved. The shape of its apical groove, however, was stably an open-ended anticlockwise loop of kidney bean shape, similar to that of Polykrikos. Furthermore, the molecular phylogenetic analysis using 18S rRNA-ITS-28S rRNA gene cistron we obtained in this study also consistently placed this species closest to Polykrikos within the Gymnodinium sensu stricto clade and set it far separated from the clade of Cochlodinium. These results suggest that this species should be transferred to Polykrikos as Polykrikos geminatum. Our results reiterate the need to use the combination of apical groove morphology and molecular phylogeny for the classification of species within the genus of Cochlodinium and other Gymnodiniales lineages.

INTRODUCING DISPARITY ABATEMENT OF SOCIAL-CULTURAL ATTRACTORS IN THE WESTERN PART OF TÂRGU-JIU MUNICIPALITY

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Claudia Elena TUDORACHE

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The municipality of Târgu Jiu, as an ensemble of urban space organization, is strictly dependent on the physical environment in which it is located, starting with relief, hydrography and so on. The peri-central part of the city hada developed the urban tissue poorly at the start of the 19th century, with a deficient historical, cultural and architectural load. Landscape improvement owes heavily to the central axis of the city, represented by the "Calea Eroilor" Cultural Ensemble, which brings a touch of uniqueness to the urban context. The article hopes to emphasize the discrepancies between the two banks of the River Jiu, which are extremely contrasting from both an architectural and a functional points of view. The left bank has administrative and architectural roles, while the right side is a former industrial area. In its entirety, the project aims to combine the two components, economic and social. The existing patrimony will help bring a harmonization and anew dynamic to the western part of the city, in terms of profits as well as in terms of the social course. The urban structure of the city as a whole must correspond to a territorial harmony and operational status so that a revitalization of the analysed area can transform the entire city. The specific objectives are the increase in real-estate action in the implementation area and developing the infrastructure, which will eventually lead to more entrepreneurial activities for a sustainable development.

Conflictos psíquicos en la infancia y cuentos de hadas: los cuentos infantiles como dispositivo de intervención en la práctica clínica

OpenAIRE

Gonçalves Borges, Ruth Carolina

2015-01-01

Este artículo presenta, en forma resumida, un proyecto de tesis doctoral, cuyo tema de investigación se refiere a la comprensión de las influencias, que los cuentos tienen en la psique infantil, tomando en cuenta su aspecto terapéutico vinculado con los conflictos psíquicos derivados de procesos de desarrollo y maduración no patológicos. El objetivo de la investigación es describir cómo se observa la evolución de los conflictos infantiles a través de cinco cuentos, de creación propia, que rep...

Solid sand particle addition can enhance the production of resting cysts in dinoflagellates

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Yang, Aoao; Hu, Zhangxi; Tang, Yingzhong

2018-03-01

Resting cysts are an important part of the life cycle for many harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellates, and play vital roles in the recurrence and geographical spread of harmful algal blooms. Numerous factors have been suggested to regulate the formation of resting cysts, although only a few have been proven to be significant. Cyst formation can be induced by adverse environmental conditions such as drastic changes in temperature, light, salinity, and nutrient levels, and by biological interactions. In this study, we evaluated the ability of an artificial factor (fine sand particles) to enhance the formation of resting cysts. Fine sand particles were added to cultures of dinoflagellates that are known to produce cysts. The addition of fine sand particles significantly increased both the production rate and final yield of cysts in cultures of Scrippsiella trochoidea, Biecheleria brevisulcata, and Levanderina fissa (= Gymnodinium fissum, Gyrodinium instriatum, Gyrodinium uncatenum). The largest increase in the final yield (107-fold) of cysts as a result of sand addition was in S. trochoidea. However, addition of fine sand particles did not induce cyst formation, or barely affected cyst formation, in Akashiwo sanguinea, Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Pheopolykrikos hartmannii, which are also known to be cyst-producing species. We speculated that addition of sand significantly increased the chances of cell collision, which triggered cyst formation. However, further research is required to test this idea. Importantly, our findings indicate that the addition of fine sand particles is a useful method to obtain a large quantity of cysts in a short time for laboratory studies or tests; for example, if a cyst viability test is being used to assess the effectiveness of ships' ballast water treatment.

Economic and environmental analysis of four different configurations of anaerobic digestion for food waste to energy conversion using LCA for: a food service provider case study.

Science.gov (United States)

Franchetti, Matthew

2013-07-15

The US disposes of more than 34 million tons of food waste in landfills per year. As this food waste decomposes it generates methane gas and negatively contributes to global warming. Diverting theses organic food wastes from landfills and to emerging technologies will prevent these wastes and greenhouse gas emissions while at the same time generating a source renewable energy by collecting the emitted gases. From a waste prevention standpoint, instead of the food waste decomposing at local landfills, it is being converted into an energy source and the by-product may be used as a fertilizer (Fine and Hadas, 2012). The purpose of this study was to compare four different configurations of anaerobic digestion of organic waste to energy technologies from an economic, energy, and emissions standpoint using LCA via a case study at a large food services provider in Northwest Ohio, USA. The technologies studied included two-stage anaerobic digestion system using ultrasound pre-treating, two stage continuous combined thermophilic acidogenic hydrogenesis and mesophilic with recirculation of the digested sludge, long-term anaerobic digestion of food waste stabilized by trace elements, and single stage anaerobic digestion. Using LCA, these scenarios were compared to landfill disposal of the food waste. The findings from the case study indicated that implementing on-site waste to energy systems will result in lower operation costs and lower environmental impacts. In addition, a standardized environmental and economic comparison of competing food waste to energy technologies is provided. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Phase identification and morphology study of hematite (Fe2O3) with sintering time varitions

Science.gov (United States)

Yazirin, Cepi; Puspitasari, Poppy; Sasongko, Muhammad Ilman Nur; Tsamroh, Dewi Izzatus; Risdanareni, Puput

2017-09-01

Iron oxide has been the interest of many studies due to its applications in various scientific and industrial fields including in environment, corrosion, soil science, and exhaust emissions. Iron oxide (Fe2O3) has potential applications in catalytic reactions in electronic devices such as semiconductors, paint formulations, and lithium rechargeable batteries. Fe2O3 can be synthesized through the process of stirring, decomposition of organic iron, sol-gel, combustion, and evaporating solvents. Most of the methods used involve several steps and take a long time. The aim of this research was to investigate the phase and morphology characterization of iron oxide (Fe2O3) powder with solvent ethylene glycol after being sintered for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours. The characterization tools utilized were XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR. The results of XRD analysis showed that the Fe2O3 sintered for 1 hour had the smallest crystallite size with a diameter of 21.05 nm. In the XRD test, the beam of X-ray was shot directly at the grain being tested. The results of SEM analysis showed thatthe Fe2O3 sintered for 1 hour produced the best result due to its crystallite size of 12.36 nm and hada shape of homogeneous nanosphere; the duration of sintering indeed had a great influence on the grain size of iron oxide (Fe2O3). In addition, the results of the elemental composition analysis indicate that the longer the sintering process, the higher the concentration of O but the lower the Fe.

A Jet Source of Event Horizon Telescope Correlated Flux in M87

Science.gov (United States)

Punsly, Brian

2017-12-01

Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations at 230 GHz are combined with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations at 86 GHz and high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope optical observations in order to constrain the broadband spectrum of the emission from the base of the jet in M87. The recent VLBI observations of Hada et al. provide much stricter limits on the 86 GHz luminosity and component acceleration in the jet base than were available to previous modelers. They reveal an almost hollow jet on sub-mas scales. Thus, tubular models of the jet base emanating from the innermost accretion disk are considered within the region responsible for the EHT correlated flux. There is substantial synchrotron self-absorbed opacity at 86 GHz. A parametric analysis indicates that the jet dimensions and power depend strongly on the 86 GHz flux density and the black hole spin, but depend weakly on other parameters, such as jet speed, 230 GHz flux density, and optical flux. The entire power budget of the M87 jet, ≲ {10}44 {erg} {{{s}}}-1, can be accommodated by the tubular jet. No invisible, powerful spine is required. Even though this analysis never employs the resolution of the EHT, the spectral shape implies a dimension transverse to the jet direction of 12-21 μ {as} (˜ 24{--}27 μ {as}) for 0.99> a/M> 0.95 (a/M˜ 0.7), where M is the mass and a is the angular momentum per unit mass of the central black hole.

Aventuras que fecham feridas: o caminho até o matrimônio

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María de los Ángeles González Briz

2013-12-01

Full Text Available “La Gitanilla”, “La ilustre fregona, Las dos doncellas” y “La fuerza de la sangre” problematizan, por un lado, la relación entre nobleza de sangre y virtud natural; por otro, la legitimación de la honra femenina y la defensa de su restauración en caso de mancilla. Las muchachas despliegan ricas estrategias –silencios, encubrimientos, travesías, engaños y disfraces- para compensar el despojo que ha dado lugar a la aventura, poniendo en juego una identidad que debe ser restaurada. El camino hacia la boda puede leerse como un simbolismo universal, como el sorteo de una serie de pruebas que implican control sobre las pasiones, de modo de alcanzar el dominio de sí y representar el doloroso tránsito de la juventud a la madurez. En este sentido, las novelas podrían ser ejemplares en tanto metáforas del recorrido que toda persona debe hacer para llegar a ser quien es, como en los cuentos de hadas. Alcanzar estado matrimonial es premio y signo de la maduración, fin de la etapa de búsqueda de la identidad y de las pruebas, superación del lugar del hijo (el lugar del riesgo, la libertad y la aventura y aceptación del lugar de padre (el lugar de la responsabilidad. Al mismo tiempo que corona el señorío de sí, el proceso pone fin a la independencia femenina que se despliega en la soltería.

«Lo exótico es el otro, o soy yo»1. Espacio y tiempo en el relato de viaje: Condesa de Merlin y Luisa Valenzuela

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Susanna Regazzoni

2012-12-01

Full Text Available La literatura y el viaje, como todo el mundo reconoce, nacen juntos como experiencia y mirada hacia el otro. La temática del viaje, entonces, es una de las características de la literatura en general y más en la literatura hispanoamericana que considera precisamente el Diario de viaje de Cristóbal Colón como uno de sus textos fundadores asimismo como las Crónicas de Indias. Se trata de un género fronterizo que levanta un conjunto de cuestionamientos y cuyo hibridismo, como escribe Biagio D’Angelo (2009: 11, 14 «amplía las fronteras imaginadas de la ficción literaria. [...] El viaje desconcierta, desestabiliza y hace temblar la identidad de cada sujeto. Nos mudamos en nosotros mismos a través de otro(s». En esta ocasión se propone el estudio de La Habana (1844, un libro de viaje, escrito por la Condesa de Merlin (La Habana, 1789 – París, 1853 y la reescritura de un cuento de hadas «Si esto es la vida, yo soy Caperucita Roja» de Luisa Valenzuela (Buenos Aires, 1938, que pertenece a la colección «Cuentos de hades», publicada en Simetrías (1993. Al estudiar las características de este género, muy distinto en los dos siglos considerados, se observa la importancia del tiempo como elemento que acompaña la perspectiva sentimental y existencial que caracteriza el punto de vista de ambas autoras.

Odeim y Oido en Nocturno de Chile de Roberto Bolaño Odeim and Oido in Nocturno de Chile by Roberto Bolaño

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Karim Benmiloud

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo se propone estudiar el funcionamiento del dúo Odeim-Oido en la novela Nocturno de Chile de Roberto Bolaño, como protagonistas y enigmas lingüísticos que hay que descifrar. Si toda la crítica coincide en descodificar la pareja en Miedo/Odio, se trata de ver cómo la misma novela programa la descodificación mediante una serie de indicios y variantes léxico-semánticas muy elaboradas. El análisis también propone una descodificación de los códigos culturales que informan al dúo (película policial, cuento de hadas, mitología escandinava, etc.. La reflexión concluye con un análisis sicoanalítico de los dobles (externos e internos en la novela.The following article will study how the couple Odeim-Oido works in the novel Nocturno de Chile by Roberto Bolaño, considering them as protagonists as well as linguistic enigmas to be decoded. If the critical approach manages to decode the couple in Miedo/Odio (Fear/Hate in Spanish, it will have to see how the novel programs the decoding process through a number of elaborated signs and lexical-semantic variants. The essay will also try to decode de cultural signs that lead us to this couple (detective films, fairy tales, Scandinavian mythology, etc.. The article will end with a psychoanalytical analysis of doubles (inner doubles and external ones present in this novel.

INVESTIGACIÓN, DOCENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA

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Omar Parra Rozo

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo hace parte del proyecto investigativo institucional PROIN, del que se han realizado los siguientes productos: Gestión, investigación y narrativa; La gestión es cosa de niños; La investigación es un cuento de Hadas; ¿Qué perseguimos al buscar la verdad?; La investigación es un placer; y Gestión, investigación y narrativa: investigar es un juego. La reflexión sobre las nuevas tecnologías y su influencia en las tendencias educativas de la actualidad proporcionan elementos para profundizar en la pedagogía, la investigación y el conocimiento. Sin embargo, la propuesta tecnológica varía constantemente y el auge de la información origina un intercambio permanente de mensajes. En este artículo se plantea la necesidad de encontrar lo esencial del aprendizaje y de la investigación a través de diversos acercamientos y fuentes. Desde esta perspectiva, se analiza la importancia de los bloques de información que brindan diversos contenidos conceptuales en la producción y acceso al conocimiento y estructuran una nueva práctica pedagógica e investigativa. Las nuevas tecnologías de información pueden representar una amenaza a la forma tradicional de investigar, enseñar y aprender o, por el contrario, pueden constituirse en una herramienta valiosa que complementa y brinda elementos que actualizan y consolidan los diversos procesos.

Phytoplankton abundance in relation to the quality of the coastal water – Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia

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Mostafa Abdel Mohsen El Gammal

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Phytoplankton abundance in relation to some physicochemical characters of the costal water of Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia was studied for one year. The sampling program included 15 locations in Dammam, Saihat, Al-Qatif, Al-Awamia and Safwa. Water samples were analyzed monthly for these parameters; temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, carbon dioxide, total chloride, reactive orthophosphate and total phosphorus and alkalinity, also phytoplankton communities were identified and Chlorophyll a was estimated. The results showed that, the high phytoplankton density attaining the maximum (190.3 × 104/m3 during May and June, and the minimum (10.4 × 104/m3 during November and December. Forty Five species belonging to 5 phytoplankton groups were recorded. Bacillariophyceae was the first dominant group forming 48% of the total phytoplankton communities (23 species. The dominant species of Bacillariophyceae were Pleurosigma strigosum, Pleurosigma elongatum, Lyrella clavata, Rhizosolenia shrubsolei, Cylindrotheca closterium, Nitzschia panduriform, Nitzschia longissimia, Amphora sp and Stephanopyxis. Dinophyceae was the second dominant group and formed 31% of the total phytoplankton communities (10 species; the dominant species were Ceratium fusus, Heterosigma sp, Ceratium furca, Prorocentrum triestium, Protoperidinium sp, Gyrodinium spirale, Noctiluca scintillans and Scrippsiella trochoidea. Cyanophyceae formed 13% (5 species where Nostoc sp, Oscillatoria and Merismopedia sp were the dominant species. Chlorophyceae had 8% (6 species; Scendesmus sp., Chlorella sp., Chlamydomonas sp., Dunaliella salina and Nannochloropsis sp were the dominant species. The Euglinophyceae was rare only one species (Euglina sp. The relationship was positive between the phytoplankton, chlorophyll a and carbon dioxide while negative amongst dissolved oxygen and total nitrogen. This research indicated that the relation between water quality

Risk Assessment and Implication of Human Exposure to Road Dust Heavy Metals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Science.gov (United States)

Shabbaj, Ibrahim I; Alghamdi, Mansour A; Shamy, Magdy; Hassan, Salwa K; Alsharif, Musaab M; Khoder, Mamdouh I

2017-12-26

Data dealing with the assessment of heavy metal pollution in road dusts in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and its implication to human health risk of human exposure to heavy metals, are scarce. Road dusts were collected from five different functional areas (traffic areas (TA), parking areas (PA), residential areas (RA), mixed residential commercial areas (MCRA) and suburban areas (SA)) in Jeddah and one in a rural area (RUA) in Hada Al Sham. We aimed to measure the pollution levels of heavy metals and estimate their health risk of human exposure applying risk assessment models described by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Using geo-accumulation index (I geo ), the pollution level of heavy metals in urban road dusts was in the following order Cd > As > Pb > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > V > Mn > Co > Fe. Urban road dust was found to be moderately to heavily contaminated with As, Pb and Zn, and heavily to extremely contaminated with Cd. Calculation of enrichment factor (EF) revealed that heavy metals in TA had the highest values compared to that of the other functional areas. Cd, As, Pb, Zn and Cu were severely enriched, while Mn, V, Co, Ni and Cr were moderately enriched. Fe was considered as a natural element and consequently excluded. The concentrations of heavy metals in road dusts of functional areas were in the following order: TA > PA > MCRA > SA > RA > RUA. The study revealed that both children and adults in all studied areas having health quotient (HQ) exposure route was ingestion. The cancer risk for children and adults from exposure to Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, and Cr was found to be negligible (≤1 × 10 -6 ).

Synthesis, antitubercular activity and mechanism of resistance of highly effective thiacetazone analogues.

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Geoffrey D Coxon

Full Text Available Defining the pharmacological target(s of currently used drugs and developing new analogues with greater potency are both important aspects of the search for agents that are effective against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thiacetazone (TAC is an anti-tubercular drug that was formerly used in conjunction with isoniazid, but removed from the antitubercular chemotherapeutic arsenal due to toxic side effects. However, several recent studies have linked the mechanisms of action of TAC to mycolic acid metabolism and TAC-derived analogues have shown increased potency against M. tuberculosis. To obtain new insights into the molecular mechanisms of TAC resistance, we isolated and analyzed 10 mutants of M. tuberculosis that were highly resistant to TAC. One strain was found to be mutated in the methyltransferase MmaA4 at Gly101, consistent with its lack of oxygenated mycolic acids. All remaining strains harbored missense mutations in either HadA (at Cys61 or HadC (at Val85, Lys157 or Thr123, which are components of the β-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase complex that participates in the mycolic acid elongation step. Separately, a library of 31 new TAC analogues was synthesized and evaluated against M. tuberculosis. Two of these compounds, 15 and 16, exhibited minimal inhibitory concentrations 10-fold lower than the parental molecule, and inhibited mycolic acid biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, overexpression of HadAB HadBC or HadABC in M. tuberculosis led to high level resistance to these compounds, demonstrating that their mode of action is similar to that of TAC. In summary, this study uncovered new mutations associated with TAC resistance and also demonstrated that simple structural optimization of the TAC scaffold was possible and may lead to a new generation of TAC-derived drug candidates for the potential treatment of tuberculosis as mycolic acid inhibitors.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Superhydrophobic Sands in Desert Agriculture

KAUST Repository

Reihmer, Joel W.

2017-04-01

A sustainable supply of fresh water for the human population is a global concern. Intriguingly, about 70% of the total fresh water consumed in the world annually is claimed by agriculture alone; this fraction is even higher in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where natural regeneration of groundwater is the slowest. Thus, there is a serious need for innovative materials and technologies to enhance the efficiency water usage in agriculture. To this end, plastic mulches have been employed across the developed world to minimize evaporative loss of water from top-soils. While plastic mulches are inexpensive, they do require specialized farm machinery for installation and long processing times. On one hand, plastic mulches have proven to increase crop yields, but on the other their non-biodegradability poses serious environmental concerns. In response, development of low-cost bio-/photo-degradable artificial mulches remains an area of intense research. In this thesis, we report on a novel superhydrophobic material exploiting inexpensive simple components to reduce the amount of water required for irrigation in agriculture by suppressing evaporative losses from the top-soil. Our material consists of ordinary beach sand coated with < 20 nm thick layer of paraffin wax. We synthesized and extensively characterized our material and applied them as mulches for tomato and barley plants at the KAUST greenhouse. We found that when a ~5 mm thick layer of superhydrophobic sand was placed onto the top-soil in pots, it dramatically suppressed evaporative losses and significantly enhanced the yields. Our preliminary field-scale experiments with tomatoes and barley crops at the Hada Al Sham site corroborate these results. Our approach might find applications in desert agriculture and other fields and alleviate water stress in the MENA region.

Aerosol optical properties at rural background area in Western Saudi Arabia

Science.gov (United States)

Lihavainen, H.; Alghamdi, M. A.; Hyvärinen, A.; Hussein, T.; Neitola, K.; Khoder, M.; Abdelmaksoud, A. S.; Al-Jeelani, H.; Shabbaj, I. I.; Almehmadi, F. M.

2017-11-01

To derive the comprehensive aerosol in situ characteristics at a rural background area in Saudi Arabia, an aerosol measurements station was established to Hada Al Sham, 60 km east from the Red Sea and the city of Jeddah. The present sturdy describes the observational data from February 2013 to February 2015 of scattering and absorption coefficients, Ångström exponents and single scattering albedo over the measurement period. The average scattering and absorption coefficients at wavelength 525 nm were 109 ± 71 Mm- 1 (mean ± SD, at STP conditions) and 15 ± 17 Mm- 1 (at STP conditions), respectively. As expected, the scattering coefficient was dominated by large desert dust particles with low Ångström scattering exponent, 0.49 ± 0.62. Especially from February to June the Ångström scattering exponent was clearly lower (0.23) and scattering coefficients higher (124 Mm- 1) than total averages because of the dust outbreak season. Aerosol optical properties had clear diurnal cycle. The lowest scattering and absorption coefficients and aerosol optical depths were observed around noon. The observed diurnal variation is caused by wind direction and speed, during night time very calm easterly winds are dominating whereas during daytime the stronger westerly winds are dominating (sea breeze). Positive Matrix Factorization mathematical tool was applied to the scattering and absorption coefficients and PM2.5 and coarse mode (PM10-PM2.5) mass concentrations to identify source characteristics. Three different factors with clearly different properties were found; anthropogenic, BC source and desert dust. Mass absorption efficiencies for BC source and desert dust factors were, 6.0 m2 g- 1 and 0.4 m2 g- 1, respectively, and mass scattering efficiencies for anthropogenic (sulphate) and desert dust, 2.5 m2 g- 1 and 0.8 m2 g- 1, respectively.

Avaliação clínica e funcional no pré-operatório de doenças degenerativas da coluna vertebral Evaluación clínica y funcional en el preoperatorio de patologías degenerativas de columna Clinical and functional evaluation in preoperative period of degenerative disease spine surgery

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Asdrubal Falavigna

2009-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: a utilização de instrumentos de avaliação clínica e funcional nos pacientes com doenças da coluna vertebral pode determinar a evolução e predizer o desfecho pós-operatório. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a metodologia de avaliação de doenças degenerativas espinhais e verificar os resultados. MÉTODOS: após a indicação de tratamento cirúrgico nos pacientes com doenças das colunas lombar e cervical, os mesmos foram informados dos objetivos do estudo e convidados a participar. Os questionários foram respondidos no consultório médico, onde possíveis dúvidas surgidas durante o preenchimento eram esclarecidas por uma pessoa treinada não envolvida com a cirurgia. Todos os instrumentos de avaliação usados eram autoaplicativos. Foram utilizados a escala numérica de dor, o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida SF-36, o Questionário de Evitação por Medos e Crenças (FABq, o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI, a Escala de Depressão e Ansiedade Hospitalar (HAD, o Índice de Incapacidade Oswestry (ODI e o Índice de Disfunção Relacionado ao Pescoço (NDI. RESULTADOS: foram avaliados 220 pacientes com doenças da coluna lombar e 32 da cervical. A prevalência de depressão segundo o BDI foi de 28,0% e de 31,2% em pacientes com doença cirúrgica lombar e cervical, e a prevalência de ansiedade pelo HAD-A de 40,1% e 46,9%, respectivamente. A média do ODI foi de 46,5, e a do NDI, de 25,4. Quanto ao preenchimento dos questionários, a maioria dos pacientes, uma vez instruídos, não apresentou dificuldades em finalizá-los. O tempo médio de preenchimento de todos os instrumentos foi de 25 a 35 minutos. CONCLUSÕES: a utilização de instrumentos validados para avaliação dos pacientes com doenças degenerativas vertebrais é exequível e deve ser estimulada entre os cirurgiões que atuam no âmbito da coluna vertebral.OBJETIVO: la utilización de instrumentos de evaluación clínica y funcional de patolog

Utilization of Service Delivery Insurance (Jampersal for Maternal and Child Health Services in 12 Districts/Cities: Eliminate the Socio-cultural Obstacle on Safe Delivery

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Lestari Handayani

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Background: The Government launched Jampersal as one of efforts to suppress the number of Maternal and Infant Mortality Ratio (MMR & IMR as well as a booster to achieve the MDGs by 2015. Delivery assistance seek are influencedby many factors including a socio-cultural factor. This research aimed to provide a study on the socio-cultural role inimproving the utilization of Service Delivery Insurance (Jampersal. Methods: Data about Jampersal was collected throughin-depth interviews, focus group discussion to community leaders, traditional birth attendants, midwives and head of thehealth center. In addition, as a supporting data, a quantitative survey to mothers who gave birth in the last year was alsoconducted. The research was located in 6 province in Indonesia. Each covered one health center in a rural area and one in a urban area. Results: The result of this research showed a strong evidence that rituals or traditions were still mostlyconducted. So the role of traditional birth attendants were still needed. Lack of transportation was to be the main obstacleto acces health facilities. Mean while, social interaction in rural area and a well-developed infrastructure in urban areawere important to enable the accessibility to access health facilities. Midwives were well-accepted by the people who hada good knowledge on health despite having less formal education both in rural or urban area. Labor financing by utilizingJampersal are good but not maximized or tend to be low in certain urban areas. Conclusions: People prefered to chosemidwives as birth attendants financed by Jampersal although some delivered at home. TBAs are still needed for maternal and baby care as well as to assist the implementation of rituals. Midwife-TBAs partnerships already on the right track butthe labor financing by Jampersal only support health care practitioner. Recommendation: Jampersal also support social and cultural-related financing, such as honorarium for TBAs who

The impact of a non-uniform land surface on the radiation environment over an Arctic fjord - a study with a 3D radiative transfer model for stratus clouds over the Hornsund fjord, Spitsbergen

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Izabela Górecka

2012-11-01

Full Text Available This paper estimates the influence of land topography and cover on 3D radiativeeffects under overcast skies in the Arctic coastal environment, in particular in theHornsund fjord region, Spitsbergen. The authors focus on the impact of anon-uniform surface on: (1 the spatial distribution of solar fluxesreaching the fjord surface, (2 spectral shortwave cloud radiative forcing atthe fjord surface, (3 the solar flux anomaly at the domain surface resultingfrom the assumption of a uniform surface, i.e. the error due to plane parallelassumptions in climate models, and (4 remote sensing of cloud opticalthickness over the fjord. Their dependence on spectral channel, cloud opticalthickness, cloud type, cloud base height, surface albedo and solar zenithangle is discussed. The analysis is based on Monte Carlo simulations of solarradiation transfer over a heterogeneous surface for selected channels of theMODIS radiometer. The simulations showed a considerable impact of the landsurrounding the fjord on the solar radiation over the fjord. The biggestdifferences between atmospheric transmittances over the fjord surface and over theocean were found for a cloud optical thickness τ = 12, low solar zenith angle θ, high cloud base and snow-covered land. For τ = 12, θ = 53°, cloud base height 1.8 km andwavelength λ = 469 nm, the enhancement in irradiance transmittanceover the fjord was 0.19 for the inner fjords and 0.10 for the whole fjord(λ = 469 nm. The land surrounding the Hornsund fjord also hada considerable impact on the spectral cloud radiative forcing on the fjordsurface and the solar flux anomaly at the domain surface due to the uniformsurface assumption. For the mouth and central part of the fjord the error dueto the use of channel 2 of the MODIS radiometer (λ = 858 nm forcloud optical thickness retrieval was < 1 in the case of low-level clouds(cloud base height 1 km, nadir radiance, θ = 53°, cloudoptical thickness retrieved solely from MODIS

Nucleic acid amplification technology screening for hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus for blood donations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bamaga, Mohammad S.; Bokhari, Fawzi F.; Aboud, Abdulrehman M.; Al-Malki, M.; Alenzi, Faris Q.

2006-01-01

To investigate the performance of the commercial Roche COBAS AmpliScreen assay, and demonstrate whether the COBAS AmpliScreen human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) test, v1.5, and COBAS AmpliScreen hepatitis C virus (HCV) v 2.0 for screening for HIV-1 and HCV RNA in the donated blood units from which plasma mini pools were collected, by nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT), could detect the positive pools and reduce the risk of transmission of infections for those routinely tested by serological assays. The study was performed on 3288 plasma samples collected from blood donors in a period of 13 months, from August 2004 to August 2005, at Al-Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The samples were tested by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after RNA extraction (this represents the major method in NAT assays), in parallel with the routine serological testing to detect qualitatively for HIV-1 and HCV. The NAT assays that include an automated COBAS AmpliPrep system for RNA extraction and COBAS Amplicor Analyzer using AmpliScreen kits for RT-PCR assays, and the routine serological screening assays for the detection of the HIV-1 and HCV RNA in the plasma samples from the blood donors have shown to be a reliable combination that would meet our requirements. The collected data further confirms the results from the serological assays and enables us to decrease the residual risk of transmission to a minimum with the finding of no seronegative window period donation. The results demonstrate that out of 3288 samples, the percentages of RT-PCR (NAT) negative blood donations that were also confirmed as seronegative were 99% for HCV, and 99.1% for HIV-1. The modified combined systems (automated COBAS AmpliPrep system for RNA extraction and COBAS Amplicor Analyzer using AmpliScreen kits for RT-PCR assays) for NAT screening assays has allowed the release of all blood donations supplied in the

Factors Associated With Unhealthy Snacks Consumption Among Adolescents in Iran’s Schools

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Vahid Yazdi Feyzabadi

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Background Well-informed interventions are needed if school-based health promotion is to be effective. Amongother aims, the Iranian Health Promoting School (IHPS program that was launched in 2011, has an important aimof promoting dietary behaviors of adolescents. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate the factors affectingunhealthy snacking of adolescents and provide evidence for a more effective IHPS program. Methods In a cross-sectional study design, 1320 students from 40 schools in Kerman city were selected using aproportional stratified random sampling method. A modified qualitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ wasused to gather data about unhealthy snacking behavior. Data about intrapersonal and environmental factors wereobtained using a validated and reliable questionnaire. A mixed-effects negative-binomial regression model was usedto analyze the data. Results Taste and sensory perception (prevalence rate ratio [PRR] = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09-1.27, being a male (PRR = 1.20;95% CI: 1.05-1.38 and lower nutritional knowledge (PRR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91-0.99 were associated with higher weeklyunhealthy snaking. Perceived self-efficacy (PRR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91-1.00 negatively influenced the frequency ofunhealthy snaking, with this approaching significance (P< .06. In case of environmental factors, high socio-economicstatus (SES level (PRR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.26-1.67, single-parent family (PRR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01-1.30, more socialnorms pressure (PRR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.17, pocket money allowance (PRR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09-1.34, easyaccessibility (PRR = 1.06; 95% CI:1.01-1.11, and less perceived parental control (PRR= 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92-0.99 all hada role in higher consumption of unhealthy snacks. Interestingly, larger school size was associated with less unhealthysnacking (PRR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.68-0.92. Conclusion Unhealthy snacking behavior is influenced by individual, socio-cultural and physical-environmentalinfluences, namely by

Tratamiento Cognitivo-Conductual, Protocolizado y en Grupo, de la Fibromialgia

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Mª Isabel Comeche Moreno

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo es comprobar si un programa protocolizado de tratamiento cognitivo conductual, diseñado específicamente para ser aplicado en formato grupal a pacientes de fibromialgia, puede ayudar a mitigar los problemas emocionales y mejorar el afrontamiento de la enfermedad. En el estudio participaron un total de 34 pacientes diagnosticados de fibromialgia, todos ellos pertenecientes a la Asociación de Fibromialgia de la Comunidad de Madrid (AFIBROM. El programa fue estructurado en 10 sesiones de dos horas de duración con una periodicidad semanal. En la evaluación pre y post-tratamiento, así como en el seguimiento realizado a los 3 meses, los participantes cumplimentaron los cuestionarios: Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI, Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión en Hospital (HAD, Escala de Autoeficacia (SES, Escala de Catastrofismo (PCS y Auto-registro del Dolor. Los resultados mostraron una mejoría clínica y estadísticamente significativa entre el pre y el post-tratamiento, en la variable depresión medida tanto con el BDI como con el HAD-D, así como en la variable ansiedad según el HAD-A. Esta mejoría se mantiene en el seguimiento realizado a los 3 meses de finalizado el tratamiento. Asimismo, al final de la intervención se observa un incremento estadísticamente significativo en todas las medidas de Autoeficacia y una disminución significativa de los pensamientos de Rumiación y Magnificación, mejoría que no se mantiene uniformemente en el seguimiento. Finalmente señalar que aunque tras la intervención se produce una bajada en el dolor medio informado por los pacientes, esta disminución no resulta estadísticamente significativa. Por todo ello puede concluirse que este programa de tratamiento protocolizado y en grupo ha demostrado ser eficaz para mitigar los problemas emocionales asociados a la fibromialgia, disminuir los pensamientos rumiativos y mejorar su percepción de autoeficacia en el afrontamiento

Latitudinal changes of euphausiid assemblages related to the morphological variability of the sound scattering layer along Baja California, October 1994

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J. Gómez-Gutiérrez

1999-03-01

Full Text Available Latitudinal changes in the euphausiid assemblages were compared to the morphological structure (size and compactness of the sound scattering layer (SSL during ten 24-h surveys made in October 1994 along the west coast of Baja California, México. During October, upwelling was found in the northern area from Punta Eugenia (28°N to Ensenada (30°N dominated by temperate species from the California Current System. In the southern sector of the peninsula, a northward movement of tropical waters transports a tropical zooplankton assemblage near Bahia Magdalena (24°N. The aggregation and the dispersion of the whole SSL (plankton and nekton were investigated using a single beam vertical echosounder, Simrad EY-200, working at 200 kHz and the Hydro Acoustic Data Acquisition System (HADAS that estimates patch variables of density and compactness. The size and shape of the SSL were obtained from the echogram visualization. The euphausiid species composition was obtained using an Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl, bongo nets, and opening-closing nets. At Ensenada and Punta Eugenia, an area inhabited by a temperate euphausiid assemblage, large and dense SSLs were recorded over the continental shelf (mean sizes were 10-km and 7-km long with mean compactness of 15% and 19%. These regions were dominated by the neritic species Nyctiphanes simplex and the temperate species Nematoscelis difficilis, Euphausia pacifica, and Thysanoessa spinifera. In the southern area, a tropical euphausiid assemblage, dominated by Euphausia eximia, E tenera, and E. distinguenda, inhabits smaller and dispersed SSLs (mean size 5-km long and 11% compactness located in the offshore area. The euphausiid biomass of the most abundant species indicated, N. simplex and N. difficilis, had their highest standing stock in the north (393 and 643 mg C 1000 m-3, with E. eximia in the southern area (186 mg C 1000 m-3. Euphausiid assemblage development in different biological environments, is evidenced

Feeding by phototrophic red-tide dinoflagellates on the ubiquitous marine diatom Skeletonema costatum.

Science.gov (United States)

Du Yoo, Yeong; Jeong, Hae Jin; Kim, Mi Seon; Kang, Nam Seon; Song, Jae Yoon; Shin, Woongghi; Kim, Kwang Young; Lee, Kitack

2009-01-01

We investigated feeding by phototrophic red-tide dinoflagellates on the ubiquitous diatom Skeletonema costatum to explore whether dinoflagellates are able to feed on S. costatum, inside the protoplasm of target dinoflagellate cells observed under compound microscope, confocal microscope, epifluorescence microscope, and transmission electron microscope (TEM) after adding living and fluorescently labeled S. costatum (FLSc). To explore effects of dinoflagellate predator size on ingestion rates of S. costatum, we measured ingestion rates of seven dinoflagellates at a single prey concentration. In addition, we measured ingestion rates of the common phototrophic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum micans and Gonyaulax polygramma on S. costatum as a function of prey concentration. We calculated grazing coefficients by combining field data on abundances of P. micans and G. polygramma on co-occurring S. costatum with laboratory data on ingestion rates obtained in the present study. All phototrophic dinoflagellate predators tested (i.e. Akashiwo sanguinea, Amphidinium carterae, Alexandrium catenella, Alexandrium tamarense, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, G. polygramma, Gymnodinium catenatum, Gymnodinium impudicum, Heterocapsa rotundata, Heterocapsa triquetra, Lingulodinium polyedrum, Prorocentrum donghaiense, P. micans, Prorocentrum minimum, Prorocentrum triestinum, and Scrippsiella trochoidea) were able to ingest S. costatum. When mean prey concentrations were 170-260 ng C/ml (i.e. 6,500-10,000 cells/ml), the ingestion rates of G. polygramma, H. rotundata, H. triquetra, L. polyedrum, P. donghaiense, P. micans, and P. triestinum on S. costatum (0.007-0.081 ng C/dinoflagellate/d [0.2-3.0 cells/dinoflagellate/d]) were positively correlated with predator size. With increasing mean prey concentration of ca 1-3,440 ng C/ml (40-132,200 cells/ml), the ingestion rates of P. micans and G. polygramma on S. costatum continuously increased. At the given prey concentrations, the maximum ingestion

Natural radioactivity measurements in agricultural soil, fertilizer and crops in some specific areas of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Latif, Shaikh Abdul; Kinsara, Abdulraheem Abdulrahman; Molla, Nurul Islam; Nassef, Mohamed Hamed [King Abdulaziz Univ., Jeddah (Saudi Arabia). Faculty of Engineering

2014-09-01

High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector gamma-ray spectrometry with 500 cc Marinelli beaker geometry was used for radioactivity measurement in some specific areas of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The detection limits of {sup 210}Pb, {sup 238}U, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 232}Th and {sup 40}K in soil, fertilizers, and vegetables lie mostly below 1 Bq/kg. The activity concentrations of {sup 238}U and {sup 226}Ra in local phosphate fertilizers were measured in the range of 236.8-879.0 Bq/kg and 101.5-297.0 Bq/kg, respectively. The respective activity concentrations of {sup 238}U and {sup 226}Ra measured in one charge of German phosphate fertilizer are in the range of 552.7-790.0 Bq/kg and 280.6-317.0 Bq/kg. The activity concentrations of {sup 232}Th are assessed to have maximum values up to 2.24 Bq/kg in locally manufactured phosphate fertilizers. Local urea exhibited concentration level (Bq/kg) of {sup 210}Pb, {sup 238}U, {sup 226}Ra, {sup 232}Th and {sup 40}K below the detection limit. Mean values of activity concentrations of {sup 238}U in agricultural soil of Wadi Fatima, Taif, Hada Al-Sham, Madina City and Abyar Al-MashiMadina are 21.7 ± 3.24, 38.2 ± 4.1, 17.6 ± 2.1, 34.3 ± 3.5 and 32.7 ± 2.4 Bq/kg, respectively. The respective mean of {sup 226}Ra activity concentrations in those areas are 12.16 ± 1.16, 20.2 ± 1.33, 11.21 ± 0.4, 21.4 ± 1.7 and 21.0 ± 1.22 Bq/kg. The specific activity of {sup 232}Th in the respective areas has been measured as 12.6 ± 1.3, 25.3 ± 0.8, 11.5 ± 0.9, 20.4 ± 2.4 and 20.0 ± 1.2 Bq/kg. Activity concentrations of {sup 210}Pb, {sup 238}U, {sup 226}Ra and {sup 232}Th in the vegetable samples are mostly found in the range of 0.37 Bq/kg to 37.8 Bq/kg. The {sup 40}K specific activity lies in the range of 44.4-196 Bq/kg. The calculated absorbed dose rates in the representative locations are 24.07-53.28 nGy/h. (orig.)

Inducing Behavioral Change in Seekers of Pro-Anorexia Content Using Internet Advertisements: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Yom-Tov, Elad; Brunstein-Klomek, Anat; Mandel, Or; Hadas, Arie; Fennig, Silvana

2018-02-22

-related content to specific pro-ana communities might lessen their maladaptive online search behavior. This suggests that those who are preoccupied with EDs can be redirected to less pathological online searches through appropriate pathways. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03439553; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03439553 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6xNYnxYlw). ©Elad Yom-Tov, Anat Brunstein-Klomek, Or Mandel, Arie Hadas, Silvana Fennig. Originally published in JMIR Mental Health (http://mental.jmir.org), 22.02.2018.

Avanços tecnológicos na obtenção de Etanol a partir de Sorgo Sacarino: Sorghum Bicolor (l. Moench

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Sandro Pedroso Cunha

2010-01-01

by its productivityand resistance. Sorghum is cultivated in Rio Grande do Sulwith a production of about 70,000 t / year. Embrapa has hada cultivars development program of sorghum since the Pro-Alcohol time and currently new varieties are beingevaluated. Several factors have relevance in productionoptimization such as the productivity increasing and costreduction in the ethanol production. This work aimed tosurvey recent data that allow to assess evaluation parametersin the production of ethanol from sorghum. Some factorshave been of great importance such as the reduction of thebacterial contamination risk, propitious means to thefermentation processes of grain or stalk of sorghum throughthe use of pre-treatment sample, because they mean turningpure cellulose biomass into fermentable sugars. Superiorgenotypes of sweet sorghum to the ethanol production are ofparamount importance, even as more suitable processes tothe conversion of sugars into ethanol. Lignin, wich is toxicagainst microorganisms, prevents conversion oflignocellulose into ethanol. The conversion oflignocellulosic compounds into ethanol is based on:hydrolyze of the cellulose producing simple sugars andfermentation of these sugars into ethanol through themicrobiology.

El mito de Apolo y otros mitemas: una lectura metaficcional del cuento Apolo y las putas de Carlos Fuentes = O mito de Apolo e outros mitemas: uma leitura metaficcional do conto Apolo y las putas, de Carlos Fuentes

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2008-01-01

Full Text Available Apolo y las putas forma parte del volumen de cinco cuentos de Carlos Fuentes que se titula El naranjo (1993. Vince Valera, actor de películas serie B, el “miserable Apolo de celuloide”, de procedencia irlandesa viaja en avión de Los Ángeles a Acapulco. La primera noche llega a un congal llamado El Cuento de Hadas. Al final de la noche ha convencido a la dueña, “Blanca Nieves”, y siete de las niñas putas a acompañarle en un viaje en un barco alquilado con el nombre significativo de Las dos Américas. Vince logra iniciar una verdaderaorgía que resulta en su “muerte por éxtasis” y un día después en su castración. El barco que había perdido todo gobierno es encontrado por un guardacostas y una de las chicas se lleva al muerto para enterrarlo en su pueblo. Yo querría argumentar que el enfoque es menos el de “re-inventar la historia” (Fuentes que más bien el de “re-combinar” o “re-inventar la literatura”. Lo que determina el cuento es el discurso metaficcional en el que diversos fragmentos de varios sistemas de referencia sirven como generadores para la reflexión poetológica. Nuestro objetivo es demostrar que el cuento Apolo y las putas es un constructo intertextual lúdico en el que Carlos Fuentes recurre a materiales preexistentes como repertorio de motivos, mitemas, citas marcadas y no-marcadas, procedimientos y técnicas narrativas hasta conceptos de la teoría literaria contemporánea para realizar el proyecto de “re-combinar la literatura”.Apolo y las putas faz parte de uma coleção de cinco contos de Carlos Fuentes, intitulado El naranjo (1993. Vince Valera, um ator de cinemaestadunidense, grau B, “o miserável Apolo de celulóide”, de origem irlandesa, toma um avião de Los Angeles a Acapulco. Na primeira noite encontra-se num motel chamado The Fairy Tale. No fim da noite acabou convencendo a dona, “Branca de Neve”, e sete jovens prostitutas para fazerem uma viagem de barco, com o nome

ffect of Nitrogen and Zinc Foliar Application on Quantitative Traits of Tea Rosslle (Hibiscus sabdariffa in Jiroft Zone

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abdolreza raisi sarbijan

2017-02-01

increased with increasing amountof nitrogen up to N3 level. Theapplication of zinc fertilizer significantly increased the plant fresh weigh, plant dry weight, mucilage percentage and yield. The interactions of nitrogen and zinc improved the calycle, leaf dry weight, plant dry weight, and the highest calycle dry weight were achieved from N2Zn1 and N3Zn1 treatments. The results showed that any givenlevel of nitrogen fertilizer and zinc fertilizer increased growth, yieldand quantitative traits of Hibiscus tea, but the level of interaction between nitrogen and zinc fertilizer hada significant effect on growth traits of Hibiscus tea, and even reduced the growth and yield of quantitative traits. The nitrogen and the fertilizer mixture of nitrogen and zinc had a significant influence on Hibiscus tea quantitative traits. Nitrogen fertilizer with a higher level of performance and yield had the greatest effect on Hibiscus tea.The greatest impact of nitrogen fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and the fertilizer mixture of nitrogen and zinc on sepal fresh weight were215.481 gr, 209.935 gr and 216.893 gr respectively.The effect of nitrogen fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and fertilizer mixture of nitrogen and zinc on leaf fresh weight,leaf dry weight andsepals dry weight were 61.787 gr 13.378 gr and 19.482 gr respectively. Conclusion The results of this study showed thatin order to increase crop yield and quality,nitrogen fertilizer and spraying of manure on Hibiscus tea is recommended. Because of having useful properties in the treatment of diabetes, as well as the climate and soil conditions of Jiroft area, this plant is grown as a medicinal plant at a large scale. Since Jiroft region is a suitable place for growth of Hibiscus tea and due to the importance of medicinal plants, it recommend that this experiment should be repeated to evaluateplant characteristics.

Comparison ofYield of TwelveBasilCultivarsinTwo Provinces:Isfahan and Mazandaran

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Nahid Amoli

2017-12-01

both areas, the yield and plant height (at 5% statistical probability level and the number of leaves per plant (at 1% statistical probability level were statisticallysignificant. In Isfahan area, Ghaemshahr red basil mass yield was 17.1 t ha-1, but the yield of this mass were not significantly different with Farah Abad, Bahnamiri, Dastgerd, Mobarake, Ardestan and Dorche. The yield of Mazandaran 1,Mazandaran 2 and Najaf Abad masses were 11.61, 11.02, and 11.10, respectively, that had the lowest performance among the masses. In Mazandaran region, in most cases, the yields of all 12 purple basil mass were twotimes or more than doubles in the Isfahan region. The yield of Mazandaran 2 mass was the lowest in Isfahan region, but had high performance (29.6 t ha-1 in Mazandaran region. In both regions, Ghaemshahr, Neka, Behshahr, Mobarakeh and Ardestān purple basil masses had the highest yield. In Isfahan, plant height rangedfrom19.67(Ardestan to28.00cm, while thisrange in Mazandaran region was 29.7to41.7cm. In a studyin Turkey,a highest height for purple basil without water limitation was38.6cm. Basil plant height has a positive and significant correlation with performance and in addition to genetic factors, environmental characteristics, in particular the amount of moisture available to plants can also have a significant impact on plant height. Among all12 genotypes tested, the number of leaves were 53 (Dastgerd to 73.7 (Behshahr, and the number of leaves rangedfrom 48.3 (Behshahr to 78.3 (Mazandaran 1in Mazandaran. Usually the soil areas withhigh fluctuations in moisture and air (comparison Isfahan with Mazandaran, leaves hada smaller number and leaf area. The number of branches of genotypes was from 12.6 to 16.3in Isfahan region and in the Mazandaran region was from 6.3 to 9.3. Reduce the number of branches in Mazandaran (1.5 to 2 times less related to radiation exposure in the area and its difference with radiation in Isfahan.Usually the weather of Isfahanis

OS CONTOS DE FADA NA FICÇÃO SERIADA “ONCE UPON A TIME”: o uso da transficcionalidade em perspectiva mnemônica

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Simone Mattos Guimarães Orlando

2016-08-01

Upon a Time , aired by Sony channel in Brazil and made available as an on demand content via streaming by the global provider of movies and TV series, Netflix,  as the ultimate example. Through the analysis of the events presented on the stories of the first season (analyzing four characters, we intend to explore the use of this device (coming from literary aesthetics studies to build a mnemonic basis for receptors-interlocutors, since what is activated beforehand in order to understand the crossover of different universes is the recognition of traditional fairy tales, broadly recognized by a wide consumer audience.   KEYWORD: Transficcionality; TV storytelling; Memory; Once Upon A Time.       RESUMEN La innovación en los modos de exponer narrativas es un tema candente en la contemporaneidad. Nos llama la atención, en este proceso, un fenómeno que se ha vuelto recurrente en el universo cinematográfico: la transficcionalidad. Entendiendo este fenómeno como una estrategia que innova el proceso narrativo, ampliando o mezclando universos de historias ya conocidas de los públicos (a partir del accionamiento de una cierta memoria social, su utilización ha sido muy recurrente en el universo de producción fílmica. En particular, estamos interesados en la observación de la serie americana Once Upon a Time, exhibido por el canal Sony en Brasil y disponible como contenido on demand por el proveedor global de películas y series de televisión vía streaming Netflix. Viendo los desdoblamientos propuestos en las historias contadas en la primera temporada (el análisis de cuatro caracteres, pretendemos denotar el uso de este recurso (advenido de los estudios de la estética literaria para la construcción de una base mnemónica para los interlocutores-receptores, ya que lo que se acciona previamente para entendimiento de los cruzamientos de diferentes universos es el reconocimiento de cuentos de hada tradicionales, ampliamente reconocidos por el gran p