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Sample records for heliconia bihai heliconiaceae

  1. Implications of inflorescence clustering for the visitation rate by hummingbirds and fruit production by Heliconia bihai (L. L. (Heliconiaceae

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    Caio César Corrêa Missagia

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Plant spatial distribution can influence the activity of floral visitors. Flower clustering in patches may be more attractive to visitors and it supposedly influences the fruit production. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that in Heliconia bihai (L. L. (Heliconiaceae the inflorescence clustering size positively influences the visitation rate and fruit production by the species. The study was conducted at a stretch of Atlantic Forest, in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. Five hummingbird species were registered as floral visitors. The average visitation rate (± standard deviation of hummingbirds was 2 (± 0.56 visits per hour per clustering. The amount of inflorescences per clustering positively influenced the visitation rate of hummingbirds, but it negatively influenced the amount of fruits produced per inflorescence. According to the results obtained, we suggest that the density of inflorescences in a clustering may negatively influence the number of flowers visited per inflorescence, due to an increased amount of inflorescences included in the foraging routes.

  2. Somaclonal variation in micropropagated Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Claw I plantlets (Heliconiaceae Variação somaclonal em mudas micropropagadas de Helicônia, Heliconia Bihai cv. Lobster Claw I (Heliconiaceae

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    Paulo Hercílio Viegas Rodrigues

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available The occurrence of somaclonal variation is described in various cultures of agronomic interest. Such variation can be of benefit in the development of new flower varieties. In this study, the occurrence of somaclonal variation in micropropagated changes of Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Claw I was investigated. Stem apexes were introduced in MS culture media with the addition of 2.5 mg L-1 of benzylaminopure (BAP and 500 mg L-1 of sodium cefotaxime. After selecting the apex stem, it was sub-cultivated in MS media and supplemented with 4.0 mg L-1 of BAP to induce side buds. To conduct the trial, 2,000 plants were selected and compared with plants originated from rhizomes. To calculate the percentage of the variants, the plant stature, the form and color of leaves and pseudostem were evaluated. The plants with buds presenting the same type of variation were considered as variants. The occurrence of three types of somaclonal variants was observed: Variation of the Chlorophyll in the Leaf, Low Stature Variant and Pseudostem and Petiole Color Variant, the latter with ornamental potential. The somaclonal variation rate for Heliconia bihai cv Lobster Claw I, under the proposed conditions, was 61.40%.A ocorrência de variação somaclonal é descrita em diversas culturas de interesse agronômico. A floricultura pode beneficiar-se dessa variabilidade, com a obtenção de novas variedades. Nesse trabalho, estudou-se a ocorrência de variação somaclonal em mudas micropropagadas de Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Claw I. Ápices caulinares foram introduzidos em meio de cultivo MS com adição de 2,5 mg L-1 de benzilaminopurina (BAP e 500 mg L-1 de cefotaxima sódica. Após a seleção do ápice caulinar, o explante foi subcultivado em meio MS suplementado com 4,0 mg L-1 de BAP para indução de brotações. Foram selecionadas, ao acaso, 2.000 mudas e comparadas com mudas originadas de rizomas, para compor o ensaio. No cálculo da porcentagem dos variantes

  3. A new species of Heliconia (Heliconiaceae with pendent inflorescence, from Chucantí Private Nature Reserve, eastern Panama

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    Rodolfo Flores

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Heliconia berguidoi (Heliconiaceae, a new species from premontane forest of eastern Panama, is described, illustrated and its conservation status evaluated. H. berguidoi bears pink flowers, an uncommon color in this group. It differs from the Colombian species Heliconia rhodantha and Heliconia sanctae-theresae, the most similar taxa, by the combination of a petiole glabrous except for the woolly base, a very long peduncle, the perianth pubescent at the apex and staminode with cuspidate apex. H. berguidoi is also similar to Heliconia pogonantha in all four of its varieties and to Heliconia ramonensis in two of its four varieties, but differs by a combination of the long peduncle, pink flowers and staminode with cuspidate apex. Fifty-six Heliconia species have been found in Panama, eighteen of them endemic.

  4. Cytogenetic and identification of the nucleolus organizer region in Heliconia bihai (L. L.

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    Heloisa Rocha do Nascimento

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available The genus Heliconia is not much studied and the number of existing species in this genus is still uncertain. It is known that this number relies between 150 to 250 species. In Brazil, about 40 species are native and known by many different names. The objective of this paper was to characterize morphometrically and to identify the NOR (active nucleolus organizer regions by Ag-NOR banding of chromosomes of Heliconia bihai (L L. Root meristems were submitted to blocking treatment in an amiprofos-methyl (APM solution, fixed in methanol-acetic acid solution for 24 hours, at least. The meristems were washed in distilled water and submitted to enzymatic digestion with pectinase enzyme. The slides were prepared by dissociation of the root meristem, dried in the air and also on hot plate at 50°C. Subsequently, some slides were submitted to 5% Giemsa stain for karyotype construction and to a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3 50% for Ag-NOR banding. The species H. bihai has 2n = 22 chromosomes, 4 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes and 7 pairs of metacentric chromosomes, and graded medium to short (3.96 to 0.67 μM, with the presence of active NOR in pairs 1 and 2 and interphase cells with 2 nucleoli. These are the features of a diploid species.

  5. Implicações do agrupamento de inflorescências para a taxa de visitação por beija-flores e a produção de frutos de Heliconia bihai (L. L. (Heliconiaceae

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    Caio César Corrêa Missagia

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2015v28n3p181 A distribuição espacial de plantas pode influenciar a atividade de visitantes florais. O agrupamento de flores em manchas pode ser mais atrativo aos visitantes e supostamente influenciar a produção de frutos. Este estudo teve por objetivo testar a hipótese de que em Heliconia bihai (L. L. (Heliconiaceae o tamanho do agrupamento de inflorescências influencia positivamente a taxa de visitação e a produção de frutos da espécie. O estudo foi realizado em trecho de Mata Atlântica, no município do Rio de Janeiro. Foram registradas cinco espécies de beija-flores visitantes florais. A taxa de visitação média (± desvio padrão dos beija-flores foi de 2 (± 0,56 visitas por hora por agrupamento. A quantidade de inflorescências por agrupamento influenciou positivamente a taxa de visitação dos beija-flores, mas influenciou negativamente a quantidade de frutos produzidos por inflorescência. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, sugerimos que a densidade de inflorescências em um agrupamento possa influenciar negativamente a quantidade de flores visitadas por cada inflorescência, em função de um aumento na quantidade de inflorescências incluídas nas rotas de forrageamento.

  6. The phylogeny of Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) and the evolution of floral presentation.

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    Iles, William J D; Sass, Chodon; Lagomarsino, Laura; Benson-Martin, Gracie; Driscoll, Heather; Specht, Chelsea D

    2017-12-01

    Heliconia (Heliconiaceae, order Zingiberales) is among the showiest plants of the Neotropical rainforest and represent a spectacular co-evolutionary radiation with hummingbirds. Despite the attractiveness and ecological importance of many Heliconia, the genus has been the subject of limited molecular phylogenetic studies. We sample seven markers from the plastid and nuclear genomes for 202 samples of Heliconia. This represents ca. 75% of accepted species and includes coverage of all taxonomic subgenera and sections. We date this phylogeny using fossils associated with other families in the Zingiberales; in particular we review and evaluate the Eocene fossil Ensete oregonense. We use this dated phylogenetic framework to evaluate the evolution of two components of flower orientation that are hypothesized to be important for modulating pollinator discrimination and pollen placement: resupination and erect versus pendant inflorescence habit. Our phylogenetic results suggest that the monophyletic Melanesian subgenus Heliconiopsis and a small clade of Ecuadorian species are together the sister group to the rest of Heliconia. Extant diversity of Heliconia originated in the Late Eocene (39Ma) with rapid diversification through the Early Miocene, making it the oldest known clade of hummingbird-pollinated plants. Most described subgenera and sections are not monophyletic, though closely related groups of species, often defined by shared geography, mirror earlier morphological cladistic analyses. Evaluation of changes in resupination and inflorescence habit suggests that these characters are more homoplasious than expected, and this largely explains the non-monophyly of previously circumscribed subgenera, which were based on these characters. We also find strong evidence for the correlated evolution of resupination and inflorescence habit. The correlated model suggests that the most recent common ancestor of all extant Heliconia had resupinate flowers and erect inflorescences

  7. New records of Heliconia (Heliconiaceae for the region of Chajul, Southern Mexico, and their potential use in biodiversity-friendly cropping systems Nuevos registros de Heliconia (Heliconiaceae para la región de Chajul, sur de México, y su uso potencial en plantaciones amigables de la biodiversidad

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    Bráulio A. Santos

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available We report 4 new records of Heliconia species (Heliconiaceae for the region of Chajul, one of the most studied sites of the Mexican Lacandona. Records are for H. champneiana Griggs cv. Maya Gold, H. latispatha Bentham cv. Orange Gyro, H. vaginalis Bentham, and H. wagneriana Petersen. We provide a brief description of morphological and ecological traits of the species and demonstrate the high potential they have to be cultivated in biodiversity-friendly cropping systems. We suggest the use of Heliconia in the enrichment of secondary forests and forest fragments as an alternative of combining forest management with biological conservation.Se registran por primera vez 4 especies de Heliconia (Heliconiaceae para la región de Chajul, uno de los sitios más estudiados de la lacandona mexicana. Los nuevos registros son para H. champneiana Griggs cv. Maya Gold, H. latispatha Bentham cv. Orange Gyro, H. vaginalis Bentham, y H. wagneriana Petersen. Se presenta una breve descripción acerca de las características morfológicas y ecológicas de las especies y se demuestra el alto potencial que tienen para ser cultivadas en plantaciones amigables de la biodiversidad. Se sugiere el uso de Heliconia en el enriquecimiento de bosques secundarios y fragmentos de selva como una alternativa de combinar manejo forestal con conservación biológica.

  8. Propagación in vitro de Heliconia bihai (L. cv. Lobster Salmón a partir de meristemos florales In vitro propagation of Heliconia bihai (L. cv. Lobster Salmón from flowering buds

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    Marta Leonor Marulanda-ángel

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Se desarrolló un protocolo de propagación in vitro a partir de meristemos florales para Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Salmón. Para el efecto se establecieron 250 yemas florales en diferentes tiempos utilizando NaClO al 1% durante 20 min. El medio de establecimiento Murashige y Skoog con mejores resultados fue BAP (2 mg/lt, AIA (1 mg/lt y 0.1 g/lt de L-cisteína. La mayor produccion de brotes en multiplicación se obtuvo con 6 mg/lt de BAP y con un subcultivo posterior en medio con 2 mg/lt de BAP y 0.5 mg/lt de AIA, alcanzando una tasa de multiplicación de tres nuevas yemas. El enraizamiento de las plántulas in vitro se logró con 1.3 mg/lt de AIA. La aclimatación en vivero fue 92% de supervivencia. Se realizó un análisis de varianza (Anova y un test de Tukey para las variables evaluadas las cuales mostraron diferencias estadísticas en cada fase. La propagación in vitro de heliconias a partir de yemas florales requiere mayor tiempo en la fase de establecimiento y multiplicación, no obstante permite mayores porcentajes de supervivencia y una menor contaminación, ofreciendo material de siembra de diferentes especies de esta planta de interés comercial.A protocol for in vitro propagation of Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Salmón was developed using flowering buds as initial explants. 250 flowering buds were established in different assays with NaClO at 1% during 20 minutes. The establishment in Murashige & Skoog's medium with BAP (2mg/L, AIA (1 mg/L and L-cystein (0.1 g/L showed the best results. Shoot multiplication was obtained with BAP (6 mg/L with a subsequent subculture in a medium with BAP (2 mg/L and AIA (0.5 mg/L, reaching multiplication rates of 3.0 new shoots. Rooting was achieved with AIA 1.3 mg/L. The survival rate during greenhouse acclimatization was 92%. Analysis of variance (ANOVA and Turkey's test were realized for each of the variables evaluated that showed statistical differences in all stages. The in vitro propagation of

  9. In Vitro Propagation of Heliconia bihai (L. L. from Zygotic Embryos Propagação In vitro de Heliconia bihai (L. L. provenientes de embriões zigóticos

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    Cláudia Ulisses

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available The internal morphology of embryos from immature and mature fruits of Heliconia bihai (L. L. cv. Lobster Claw Two was examined. Embryos were inoculated into MS media (full MS and ½ MS and GA3 (0, 2.5 and 5 mg L-1 with either sucrose or glucose. These plantlets were then replicated and transferred to MS medium (full MS or ½ MS with 0 or 2.5 mg L-1 BAP and their multiplication was evaluated 30 and 45 days after inoculation. The genetic variability of the multiplied plants was estimated using isoenzyme analyses. The internal morphology of the mature embryos revealed their tissues to be in more advanced stages of differentiation than immature embryos. In the conversion phase, 85% of the inoculated embryos developed into plants in the ½ MS medium with sucrose, in contrast to only 41% of the embryos that were cultivated with glucose. In the multiplication phase, plants cultivated in ½ MS medium with 2.5 mg L-1 BAP demonstrated more buds. Isoenzyme analyses showed pattern changes in terms of the color intensity and the migration of some of the bands. These results may be associated with differences in the ages of the mother plants and of the plantlets obtained in vitro.Inicialmente os embriões procedentes de frutos imaturos e maduros de Heliconia bihai (L. L. cv. Lobster Claw Two foram avaliados quanto à morfologia interna. Os embriões maduros foram inoculados em meio MS (1/2MS e MS completo e GA3 (0, 2,5 e 5,0 mg L-1, utilizando sacarose ou glucose. Posteriormente, as plantas obtidas foram transferidas para meio 1/2MS acrescido de 0 ou 2.5 mg L-1 de BAP e aos 30 e 45 dias após a inoculação, avaliou-se a formação de gemas laterais. Aos 45 dias avaliou-se a variabilidade genética dessas plantas através da análise isoenzimática. Ao avaliar a morfologia interna observou-se que os embriões maduros apresentaram estádios de diferenciação superior aos embriões imaturos. Na fase de conversão do embrião em planta, observou-se que 85% dos

  10. Biometric and physiological parameters of Heliconia bihai grown in coastal region under different levels of solar radiation

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    Reivany Eduardo Morais Lima

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work was evaluate the effect of different levels of light intensity on the physiology, vegetative and reproductive development of Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Claw Two grown under coastal zone of Ceara State. Plants of this species were grown under full and 30%, 40% and 50% reduction sunlight intensity. It was evaluated the number of leaves and tillers per plant; amount of stalks; leaf area, water and carbohydrate content in the leaf next to the inflorescence arising and next to the inflorescence at harvest stage. Photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance of plants were measured for six consecutive months. Significant difference were attained for leaf area and water content in leaves close to the inflorescence at harvest stage, with lower values, and carbohydrate contents in leaves, with higher values in plants grown in full sun. The treatments with lower levels of solar radiation had higher amounts of stalks and higher vegetative growth, the reduction in vegetative growth of the plants under full sun was due to the lower photosynthetic rate and lower translocation of assimilates.

  11. Propagación in vitro de Heliconia bihai (L. cv. Lobster Salmón a partir de meristemos florales

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    Marta Leonor Marulanda-ángel

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Se desarrolló un protocolo de propagación in vitro a partir de meristemos florales para Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Salmón. Para el efecto se establecieron 250 yemas florales en diferentes tiempos utilizando NaClO al 1% durante 20 min. El medio de establecimiento Murashige y Skoog con mejores resultados fue BAP (2 mg/lt, AIA (1 mg/lt y 0.1 g/lt de L-cisteína. La mayor produccion de brotes en multiplicación se obtuvo con 6 mg/lt de BAP y con un subcultivo posterior en medio con 2 mg/lt de BAP y 0.5 mg/lt de AIA, alcanzando una tasa de multiplicación de tres nuevas yemas. El enraizamiento de las plántulas in vitro se logró con 1.3 mg/lt de AIA. La aclimatación en vivero fue 92% de supervivencia. Se realizó un análisis de varianza (Anova y un test de Tukey para las variables evaluadas las cuales mostraron diferencias estadísticas en cada fase. La propagación in vitro de heliconias a partir de yemas florales requiere mayor tiempo en la fase de establecimiento y multiplicación, no obstante permite mayores porcentajes de supervivencia y una menor contaminación, ofreciendo material de siembra de diferentes especies de esta planta de interés comercial.

  12. Propagación in vitro de Heliconia bihai (L. cv. Lobster Salmón a partir de meristemos florales

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    Londoño-Giraldo Lina María

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available

    Se desarrolló un protocolo de propagación in vitro a partir de meristemos florales para Heliconia bihai cv. Lobster Salmón. Para el efecto se establecieron 250 yemas florales en diferentes tiempos utilizando NaClO al 1% durante 20 min. El medio de establecimiento Murashige y Skoog con mejores resultados fue BAP (2 mg/lt, AIA (1 mg/lt y 0.1 g/lt de L-cisteína. La mayor produccion de brotes en multiplicación se obtuvo con 6 mg/lt de BAP y con un subcultivo posterior en medio con 2 mg/lt de BAP y 0.5 mg/lt de AIA, alcanzando una tasa de multiplicación de tres nuevas yemas. El enraizamiento de las plántulas in vitro se logró con 1.3 mg/lt de AIA. La aclimatación en vivero fue 92% de supervivencia. Se realizó un análisis de varianza (Anova y un test de Tukey para las variables evaluadas las cuales mostraron diferencias estadísticas en cada fase. La propagación in vitro de heliconias a partir de yemas florales requiere mayor tiempo en la fase de establecimiento y multiplicación, no obstante permite mayores porcentajes de supervivencia y una menor contaminación, ofreciendo material de siembra de diferentes especies de esta planta de interés comercial.

  13. Caracterización de la diversidad genética de cultivares comerciales de heliconias en el centro occidente de Colombia

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    Marta Leonor Marulanda

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available La familia Heliconiaceae tiene un solo género, Heliconia L., con aproximadamente 250 especies. Debido al colorido de sus brácteas son muy usadas para fines ornamentales presentando una creciente comercialización en el mercado internacional, lo que ha incentivado el aumento en el área productiva en los países de Centro y Sur América, al proporcionar una mayor oferta y demanda del producto. Sin embargo, existe en este género, confusión sobre el número de especies y las relaciones entre ellas. Esta inapropiada nomenclatura, puede originar problemas a nivel comercial y científico. En esta investigación realizada durante el 2014, se caracterizaron genéticamente 44 individuos del género Heliconia de importancia comercial en el centro occidente de Colombia, que corresponden a 4 especies, y un híbrido interespecífico, por medio de la amplificación de marcadores microsatélites previamente desarrollados para Heliconia bihai y Heliconia caribaea y marcadores microsatélites propios obtenidos del desarrollo de una librería genómica enriquecida con microsatélites para Heliconia orthotricha. Se seleccionaron 18 marcadores para realizar las caracterizaciones. Se utilizaron las estrategias de amplificación directa, así como la transferibilidad de marcadores. El equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg (EHW se rompió para algunos de los marcadores empleados en las diferentes especies de este estudio, ya que pertenecían a cultivares comerciales con alta presión de selección por parte de los cultivadores. El marcador Hb_C115 presentó el ligamiento con un mayor número de marcadores. Muchos de los marcadores están ligados entre sí y al no poseer mapas de ligamiento para ninguna especie del género no es posible determinar la cercanía de los mismos en los cromosomas. Se confirma la transferibilidad de los microsatélites desarrollados para diferentes especies del género Heliconia, como una herramienta útil en la caracterización varietal, la cual

  14. Perfilhamento e expansão de touceiras de helicônias Number of shoots and area per clump of heliconia

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    Andreza S da Costa

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho foram avaliados, para o espaçamento 1,5 x 3,0 m, o número de perfilhos por touceira (NPT e a área de ocupação da touceira (AOT de 26 genótipos de Heliconia spp., cultivados a pleno sol e a meia-sombra. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Na avaliação realizada 316 dias após o plantio (DAP, os genótipos cultivados a pleno sol apresentaram médias de NPT variando entre 18,3 (H. bihai cultivar Kamehameha e 57,0 (H. psittacorum cultivar Red Opal, agrupando-se em três classes distintas (Scott-Knott, P This paper presents information on the number of shoots per clump (NSC and area per clump (APC of 26 Heliconia spp. genotypes, cultivated in full sun and partial shade, at a plant spacing of 3,0 x 1,5 m. 316 days after planting (DAP, NSC of genotypes grown in full sun varied from 18.3 (H. bihai cultivar 'Kamehameha' to 57.0 (H. psittacorum cultivar 'Red Opal', splitting in three distinct classes (Scott-Knott, P < 0,05. For genotypes grown in partial shade, NSC varied from 11.7 (H. bihai cultivar 'Nappi Yellow' to 43.7 (H. psittacorum x H. spathocircinata cultivar 'Golden Torch', splitting also in three distinct classes (Scott-Knott, P < 0,05. It was observed that short heliconia genotypes, as the cultivars and hybrids of H. psittacorum, have a larger number of shoots than tall heliconia genotypes, in both planting conditions. Results from the APC, measured 304 DAP, showed that among the genotypes grown in full sun, H. psittacorum cultivar 'Red Opal' occupied half of the plot area (11.387 cm² while genotype Heliconia x nickeriensis occupied an area larger than the plot area (22.541 cm². The genotype H. orthotricha presented the smallest APC (725 cm². In shaded condition APC varied from 750 cm² (H. bihai 'Nappi Yellow' to 10.201 cm² (H. stricta 'Fire Bird'. The evaluation of these traits during the first 316 DAP allowed us to conclude that a single plant spacing for different heliconia

  15. Potential pollinators and robbers: a study of the floral visitors of Heliconia angusta (Heliconiaceae and their behaviour

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    Hensen, Isabell

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Floral syndromes are traditionally thought to be associated with particular pollinator groups. Ornithophilous flowers tend to have traits that facilitate bird pollination such as having long, narrow, tubular corollas, often vivid coloration and diluted, sucrose-rich nectar. However, recent studies have shown that flowers attract a broader spectrum of visitors than might be expected. Furthermore, the classification of floral visitors as ‘robbers’ or ‘pollinators’ often is not as simple as it seems, as pollinators can at times act as robbers and vice versa. We studied the species composition, behaviour and ecology of floral visitors, including potential pollinators and robbers, of Heliconia angusta (Heliconiaceae, an endemic understorey herb of the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. In addition, the impact of the plant inflorescence attractiveness and of weather and light conditions on visitor abundance and frequency was investigated. Flower visitors were found to be scarce with a total of only 151 visits being observed during 120 h of field observations. A stingless bee species (Trigona sp. appeared to be the most abundant visitor to the ornithophilous flowers of H. angusta, along with four different species of hummingbirds and two species of butterflies. We consider Trigona sp. rather as pollen robber, but which still has the potential to be a secondary pollinator, whereas the hummingbirds were the principle legitimate visitors. Most flower visitors were recorded between 9.00 am and 1.00 pm with a higher number visiting under semi-shaded conditions than in full shade. Hummingbird numbers increased with flower abundance while the other visitor group numbers were not affected.

  16. Estimativa da evapotranspiração e coeficiente de cultivo da Heliconia bihai L., cultivada em ambiente protegido.

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    Rubens Sonsol Gondim

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido, do tipo telado, no Campo Experimental do Curu, região litorânea do Estado do Ceará, e teve como objetivo estimar a evapotranspiração e os coeficientes de cultivo da Heliconia bihai L. empregando o método do balanço hídrico e a vapotranspiração de referência (ETo estimada pelo método de Penman-Monteith-FAO e tanque Classe A. Utilizou-se na cultura o espaçamento de 2,00 m entre fileiras por 1,00 m entre plantas e irrigação por microaspersão. A taxa média de ETc foi de 2,3 mm dia-1, totalizando 174,7 mm para todo o período. Com relação às fases fenológicas da cultura, observou-se uma ETc 2,2 mm dia-1 durante a fase F2 (10% até 80% de cobertura vegetal; 2,3 mm dia-1 na fase F3 (80% de cobertura até o inicio da floração e 2,5 mm dia-1 na fase F4 (início da floração até a colheita. Os valores de coeficientes de cultivo (Kc foram maiores quando a ETo foi estimada pelo tanque Classe A, em relação aos valores da ETo estimados pelo método de Penman-Monteith-FAO. Empregando o primeiro método, os valores de Kc foram 0,80; 1,20 e 1,20, enquanto para Penman-Monteith-FAO foram 0,60; 0,80 e 0,80, nas fases F2; F3 e F4, espectivamente.

  17. Pollinator-mediated selection in a specialized hummingbird-Heliconia system in the Eastern Caribbean.

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    Temeles, E J; Rah, Y J; Andicoechea, J; Byanova, K L; Giller, G S J; Stolk, S B; Kress, W J

    2013-02-01

    Phenotypic matches between plants and their pollinators often are interpreted as examples of reciprocal selection and adaptation. For the two co-occurring plant species, Heliconia bihai and H. caribaea in the Eastern Caribbean, we evaluated for five populations over 2 years the strength and direction of natural selection on corolla length and number of bracts per inflorescence. These plant traits correspond closely to the bill lengths and body masses of their primary pollinators, female or male purple-throated carib hummingbirds (Eulampis jugularis). In H. bihai, directional selection for longer corollas was always significant with the exception of one population in 1 year, whereas selection on bract numbers was rare and found only in one population in 1 year. In contrast, significant directional selection for more bracts per inflorescence occurred in all three populations of the yellow morph and in two populations of the red morph of H. caribaea, whereas significant directional selection on corolla length occurred in only one population of the red morph and one population of the yellow morph. Selection for longer corollas in H. bihai may result from better mechanical fit, and hence pollination, by the long bills of female E. jugularis, their sole pollinator. In contrast, competition between males of E. jugularis for territories may drive selection for more bracts in H. caribaea. Competitive exclusion of female E. jugularis by territorial males also implicates pollinator competition as a possible ecological mechanism for trait diversification in these plants. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2012 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.

  18. Reproductive phenology, pollination, and fructification of Heliconia spathocircinata Aristeg. (Heliconiaceae in an Atlantic Rain Forest fragment in Rio de Janeiro City

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    Caio César Corrêa Missagia

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Aspects of phenology and reproductive biology of Heliconia spathocircinata Aristeg. in border and interior areas of an Atlantic Rain Forest fragment in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil, are apresented. Four plots of 10x10m were delineated, two on the edge and two inside the forest, and individuals of H. spathocircinata were monitored from June 2009 to June 2010. The observations were carried out from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. once a week on December and January, and fortnightly the rest of flowering. Heliconia spathocircinata bloomeds between November and March and the fruits were ripe two months after pollination, and there was no significant difference between edge and interior with regard to the period of flowering and fruiting. The fruit-flower ratio averaged 66.6% in the interior and 27% within the forestedge, a considerable difference. The male hummingbirds Thalurania glaucopis Gmelin, and to a lesser extent, female birds of this species, were the most frequent pollinators in the area evaluated, both edge and interior. Other species were identified as pollinators: Phaethornis ruber L., Ramphodon naevius Dumont, Eupetomena macroura Gmelin, and Amazilia fimbriata Gmelin. Of these, only P. ruber was found in both environments.

  19. Murcha de fusário em helicônia: fontes de resistência, método alternativo de detecção e defesa estrutural Heliconia’s Fusarium wilt: resistance sources, alternative method of detection and structural mechanisms

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    Neilza Reis Castro

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available O cultivo das helicônias vem sendo afetado pela murcha, causada por Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Este trabalho objetivou identificar fontes de resistência, verificar a detecção da resistência através de método alternativo e avaliar a lignificação como mecanismo de defesa do hospedeiro ao patógeno. As espécies utilizadas na identificação de resistência foram Heliconia bihai, H. psittacorum cvs. Golden Torch e Golden Torch Adrian, H. rostrata, H. stricta cvs. Capri e Fire Bird, H. psittacorum cvs. Sassy e Alan Carle, H. caribea, H. latispatha, H. wagneriana e H. chartacea cv. Sexy Pink. A avaliação dos sintomas foi realizada aos 40 dias após a inoculação baseada em escala de notas variando de 1 a 6. As espécies consideradas resistentes foram H. bihai, H. psittacorum cvs. Golden Torch e Golden Torch Adrian, H. rostrata, H. stricta cv. Capri, H. psittacorum cv. Sassy e H. caribea. O método alternativo de detecção de resistência consistiu na utilização de filtrado fúngico obtido a partir do cultivo em meio Czapek, utilizando várias concentrações do mesmo depositando em folhas destacadas das cultivares resistentes e suscetíveis H. psittacorum cvs. Golden Torch e Alan Carle, respectivamente. A avaliação foi feita após 48 horas de incubação, onde a concentração em 50% do filtrado foi a mais eficiente na distinção da resistência. O mecanismo estrutural foi observado em secções histológicas nas raízes das espécies utilizadas no estudo de resistência, inoculadas com o método de injeção e não inoculadas, que permitiram verificar a ausência de relação entre a resistência e a lignificação.Heliconia grown as a crop has been affected by wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. This work aimed to identify genetic resistances sources, to evaluated the detection of resistance with an alternative method and to verify the effects of structural mechanisms in pathogen resistance. The genotypes

  20. Growth, nutrient accumulation and export by heliconia ‘Red Opal’

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    Carlos Alberto Kenji Taniguchi

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Synchronizing the timing of fertilizer applications with plant nutrient demand increases the nutritional efficiency and decrease the cost of production. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and the nutrient uptake and export by heliconia ‘Red Opal’. The experiment was carried out in a shade house and Heliconia psittacorum ‘Red Opal’ rhizomes were planted in soil classified as Arenic Kandinstults. The experimental design was completely randomized with nine plant sampling (zero; 30; 90; 150; 210; 270; 330; 390 and 450 days after planting and five replicates. Leaves, sheathing leaf bases, flower stem, rhizomes and roots were collected every sampling and dry mass and nutrients accumulation were determined. Heliconia plants showed slow initial development but from the 210 days of planting, which corresponds with the beginning of the flower stem harvest there is a marked increase in dry mass accumulation. Nutrient accumulation followed the decreasing order: K > N = Ca > P = Mg > S > Fe = Mn > Zn > Cu = B. Potassium and calcium were the most exported macronutrients by heliconia flower stem and among the micronutrients, manganese was the most exported.

  1. Different levels of shade on population of grasshoppers and its oviposition preference on heliconias

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    Ana Cristina Bittar

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Grasshoppers of the families Acrididae and Romaleidae (Orthoptera are among the insects that defoliate heliconias and have been gaining status as pests of commercial crops of these plants in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were to identify the grasshopper defoliating heliconias in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Pádua, RJ (Brazil, to evaluate the effect of different levels of shade on the population of this grasshopper and the production parameters of heliconias, and to determine if this grasshopper has an oviposition preference among the heliconias evaluated. The experiment was in a completely randomized block design, in subdivided plots (four levels of shade in the plot, 0%, 30%, 50% and 80%, and four species of Heliconia: H. psittacorum, H. stricta, H. wagneriana and H. psittacorum x H. spathocircinata ‘Golden Torch’ in the subplot, with four replications. The grasshopper was identified as Cornops frenatum frenatum (Acrididae. An increase in shade resulted in a decrease in the number of oviposition holes from the grasshopper and the number of lateral buds. Shade did not influence the number of C. f. frenatum nymphs and adults and the number of flower stems. H. wagneriana was the most preferred species for oviposition by C. f. frenatum. Results suggested using screens to shade heliconia plants can help control C. f. frenatum populations, however, the light requirements of the heliconias should be considered to guarantee productivity.

  2. Descomposición foliar in situ de Heliconia marginata en un humedal herbáceo (Barlovento, Venezuela

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    Ruben Torres

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Los humedales herbáceos se encuentran entre los ecosistemas más productivos del planeta debido a procesos biogeoquímicos particulares originados por plantas emergentes, lo que se traduce en magnificación de la producción de biomasa viva y deposición continua de materia orgánica muerta. Se hizo un experimento de campo en un humedal herbáceo de la región de Barlovento para cuantificar el coeficiente de descomposición foliar de Heliconia marginata (Heliconiaceae en condiciones naturales.Heliconia marginataconforma una zona de vegetación monoespecífica a lo largo del borde suroeste del humedal. Se recolectaron hojas deH. marginata, las que una vez secas se colocaron en bolsas de descomposición y se incubaron in situ durante 68 días. A diferentes intervalos de tiempo se retiraron las bolsas para determinar el peso seco libre de cenizas. Simultáneamente se midieron algunas variables fisicoquímicas (pH, conductividad, temperatura y oxígeno disuelto y la profundidad del agua, las mismas no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los días transcurridos del experimento. La descomposición foliar deH. marginatamostró dos etapas: descomposición moderadamente rápida durante los primeros cuatro días, con un porcentaje de pérdida de 13% del peso seco libre de cenizas, y otra donde la descomposición ocurrió lentamente. El coeficiente de descomposición deH. marginatafue 0.0068 días-1, valor comparable con los de otras especies emergentes con coeficientes altos. La vida media (t50 o tiempo para la descomposición de 50% del material vegetal fue de 147 días, pero el periodo de incubación sólo comprendió lavado de material. Una fauna folívora y detritívora casi ausente hace suponer que las características estructurales deH. marginatadeterminan una descomposición y reciclado de materia orgánica lentos dentro del ecosistema.

  3. Interaction intimacy of pathogens and herbivores with their host plants influences the topological structure of ecological networks in different ways.

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    Benítez-Malvido, Julieta; Dáttilo, Wesley

    2015-04-01

    • Over the past two decades an interest in the role that plant-animal mutualistic networks play in the organization and dynamic of biodiversity has steadily risen. Despite the ecological, evolutionary, and economic importance of plant-herbivore and plant-pathogen antagonistic relationships, however, few studies have examined these interactions in an ecological network framework.• We describe for the first time the topological structure of multitrophic networks involving congeneric tropical plant species of the genus Heliconia (Heliconiaceae, Zingiberales) and their herbivores and pathogens in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. We based our study on the available literature describing the organisms (e.g., insects, mites, fungi, and bacteria) that attack 24 different species, hybrids, and cultivated varieties of Heliconia.• In general, pathogen- and herbivore-Heliconia networks differed in their topological structure (more modular vs. more nested, respectively): pathogen-Heliconia networks were more specialized and compartmentalized than herbivore-Heliconia networks. High modularity was likely due to the high intimacy that pathogens have with their host plants as compared with the more generalized feeding modes and behavior of herbivores. Some clusters clearly reflected the clustering of closely related cultivated varieties of Heliconia sharing the same pathogens.• From a commercial standpoint, different varieties of the same Heliconia species may be more susceptible to being attacked by the same species of pathogens. In summary, our study highlights the importance of interaction intimacy in structuring trophic relationships between plants and pathogens in the tropics. © 2015 Botanical Society of America, Inc.

  4. Lista preliminar de las heliconias de Colombia y cinco especies nuevas

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    Kress W. Jhon

    1993-12-01

    Full Text Available A preliminary check list of the 93 species of Heliconia currently recognized from Colombia is provided. Five new species of subgen. Griggsia (H. arrecta, H. donstonea, H. gigantea, H.terciopete y H. titanum from that country are also described, ilustrated, and discussed.Se proporciona una lista preliminar de las 93 especies de Heliconia reconocidas para Colombia. Además se describen, ilustran y comentan cinco especies nuevas pertenecientes al subgénero Griggsia (H. arrecta, H. donstonea, H. gigantea, H. terciopela y H. titanum.

  5. Fenologia reprodutiva, polinização e frutificação de Heliconia spathocircinata Aristeg. (Heliconiaceae em fragmento de Floresta Atlântica do município do Rio de Janeiro

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    Caio César Corrêa Missagia

    2011-07-01

    Este estudo apresenta aspectos da fenologia e da biologia reprodutiva de Heliconia spathocircinata Aristeg. em áreas de borda e interior de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Quatro parcelas de 10x10m foram delimitadas, duas na borda e duas no interior da mata, e indivíduos de H. spathocircinata foram monitorados de junho de 2009 a junho de 2010. As observações foram realizadas das 6:00 às 18:00 horas, semanalmente em dezembro e janeiro, e quinzenalmente no restante da floração. Heliconia spathocircinata floresce entre novembro e março. Seus frutos encontram-se maduros dois meses após a polinização. A proporção flores-frutos foi em média 66,6% no interior e 27% na borda da mata. Machos do beija-flor Thalurania glaucopis Gmelin correspondem ao polinizador mais frequente em todas as parcelas estudadas, o segundo polinizador mais frequente nas quatro parcelas foram fêmeas desta mesma espécie. Phaethornis ruber L. foi o terceiro polinizador mais frequente nas quatro parcelas, Ramphodon naevius Dumont somente foi observado no interior da mata, sendo o quarto polinizador mais frequente nas duas parcelas. Eupetomena macroura Gmelin e Amazilia fimbriata Gmelin foram observados somente nas parcelas de borda, são o quarto e quinto polinizador mais frequentes em ambas as parcelas.

  6. Heliconia cv. Golden Torch cultivated under different irrigation depths in protected environment

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    Alcilane Arnaldo Silva

    2018-04-01

    Full Text Available The genus Heliconia is commercially detached by the exotic appearance of the inflorescences but is susceptible to lack of moisture in the soil, being necessary the irrigation management. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation levels on the plant growth and productive characters of Heliconia psittacorum cv. Golden Torch cultivated in vase. The experiment was conducted from March to October 2014, in a randomized blocks design. Five treatments corresponding to the different irrigation levels were used [50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the evaporation measured in Class A (ECA] with four replicates and two plants per replicate. The following evaluations were carried out: number of days for the emergence of the first tiller, number of days for the emergence of the first inflorescence, number of days for the inflorescence harvest, crop cycle, diameter of the flower stem, length of the flower stem, inflorescence length, plant high, number of tillers and productivity of flower stems. Chlorophyll and leaf area measurements were performed. The irrigation levels tested significantly influenced the number of days for the first inflorescence harvest, length of the flower stem and inflorescence length. The irrigation level of 150% ECA provided better results for the length of the flower stem, inflorescence length and for leaf area but without differences from 75%, 100% and 125% ECA. Thus, for the cultivation of the heliconia cv. Golden Torch in pot can be recommended the level corresponding from 75% to 150% ECA.

  7. Perfilhamento e expansão de touceiras de helicônias

    OpenAIRE

    Costa,Andreza S da; Loges,Vivian; Castro,Ana Cecília R de; Verona,André Luiz; Pessoa,Cleucione de O; Santos,Venézio Felipe dos

    2006-01-01

    Neste trabalho foram avaliados, para o espaçamento 1,5 x 3,0 m, o número de perfilhos por touceira (NPT) e a área de ocupação da touceira (AOT) de 26 genótipos de Heliconia spp., cultivados a pleno sol e a meia-sombra. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Na avaliação realizada 316 dias após o plantio (DAP), os genótipos cultivados a pleno sol apresentaram médias de NPT variando entre 18,3 (H. bihai cultivar Kamehameha) e 57,0 (H. psittacorum cultivar Red Op...

  8. Sintomas da injúria por frio em Heliconia spp

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    GUSTAVO JONNAS S. M. BEZERRA

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available As helicônias, entre as flores tropicais, têm se destacado no mercado internacional (Europa e Estados Unidos devido à beleza, diversidade de cores e formas e durabilidade. No entanto, para a comercialização a longas distâncias é necessário adotar formas de transporte que inibam o processo de senescência das flores e conservem a qualidade pós-colheita. O transporte de flores em temperaturas baixas é o mais utilizado, no entanto, em “flores tropicais” podem causar danos de injúria por frio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os sintomas causados pela injúria por frio em hastes florais de três genótipos de helicônia (H. bihai, H. wagneriana e H. caribaea x H. bihai cv. Carib Flame. As hastes florais de helicônia foram submetidas, por 72 horas, a três condições de temperatura: refrigerador expositor (2 ºC em caixa de papelão (embalagem padrão para transporte; refrigerador expositor (2 ºC sem caixa de papelão; e laboratório a 25 ºC e U.R. 60% (testemunha. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos e sete repetições na primeira avaliação e cinco repetições na segunda avaliação. Os sintomas da injúria por frio foram descritos a partir da comparação do aspecto visual das hastes florais submetidas a 2 °C com as testemunhas. A temperatura de 2 ºC, com ou sem a embalagem de transporte, provocou sintomas como: aspecto de queimadura no centro das brácteas, manchas escurecidas na área de inserção das brácteas na ráquis e murchamento das extremidades dos pecíolos das folhas e da base das inflorescências.

  9. Produtividade da Heliconia psittacorum x Heliconia pathocircinada cv. Golden Torch sob diferentes fontes de adubação orgânica Productivity of Heliconia psittarum x Hiliconia pathocircinada cv. Golden Torch under different sources of organic fertilizer

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    Alonso P. de Farias

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de se avaliar a produtividade da Heliconia psittacorum x Heliconia spathocircinada cv. Golden Torch, quando submetida a diferentes fontes de adubação orgânica. O experimento foi conduzido na Escola Agrotécnica Federal, no município de Satuba, AL. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com 5 repetições e 10 tratamentos ficando os tratamentos assim definidos: T1 Testemunha, sem adubação; T2 Adubo mineral; T3 Esterco de gado; T4 Cama de frango; T5 Torta de filtro; T6 Composto de lixo urbano; T7 Esterco de gado + adubo mineral; T8 Cama de frango + adubo mineral; T9 Torta de filtro + adubo mineral e T10 Composto de lixo urbano + adubo mineral. Avaliaram-se as seguintes variáveis: número de perfilhos por touceira, início da floração, número de haste floral por touceira, comprimento da haste floral, diâmetro da haste floral, comprimento da bráctea, intervalo de floração, número de folhas por haste floral e área foliar por haste floral. A adubação organomineral proporcionou um aumento significativo para as variáveis: número de perfilho, haste floral, comprimento da bráctea, haste floral, diâmetro da bráctea e área foliar, contribuindo também para a precocidade da colheita e menor intervalo de floração, quando comparado com os adubos orgânicos e a testemunha.The present study was aimed to evaluate the productivity of Heliconia psittacorum x Heliconia pathocircinada, cv. Golden Torch, when submitted to different sources of organic manure. The experiment was conducted at Escola Agrotécnica Federal, in Satuba, Alagoas State (Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 5 replications and 10 treatments: T1 control, without fertilization; T2 mineral fertilizer; T3 farm yard manure; T4 chicken bedding; T5 filter cake; T6 urban garbage compound; T7 farm yard manure + mineral fertilizer; T8 chicken bedding + mineral fertilizer; T9 filter cake + mineral

  10. [Dipteran parasitoidism on larvae of Caligo atreus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Cartago, Costa Rica].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Calvo, Renin

    2004-12-01

    Parasitoids on larvae of Caligo atreus were studied at the Estación de Biologia Tropical in Rio Macho, Cartago, Costa Rica. (1 600 masl), from March through July 2000. Fifth instar larvae of C. atreus were placed on Heliconia tortuosa Griggs var. Red Twist (Heliconiaceae) host plants at a mean temperature of 16.7 degrees C. The parasitoids obtained belong to an unidentified species of the genus Winthemia (Diptera: Tachinidae). Most flies emerge some 40 days after the eggs were laid (maximum 68 days). They make an orifice on the upper ventral part of the lepidopteran pupa. Winthemia is used commercially as biological control of cotton and banana.

  11. Effects of plant growth regulators in heliconia ‘Red Opal’

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    Ana Cecilia Ribeiro de Castro

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The objective of this study was to evaluate growth regulators with purpose of reducing the size of heliconia ‘Red Opal’ potted plants. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with five treatments (trinexapac-ethyl and paclobutrazol at rates of 37.5 and 75.0 mg of active ingredient per pot and control without growth regulator and five replicates. The treatments were applied 40 days after planting the rhizomes in pots filled with soil. Thirty and 150 days after the growth regulator application, plant height, number of leaves and shoots, petioles length and leaf area were evaluated. One year after planting the rhizomes in pots the number of inflorescence and leaves (leaves, sheathing leaf bases and inflorescences and rhizomes (rhizomes and roots dry mass were determined. Trinexapac-ethyl had no differences compared to the control in any of the variables evaluated. Paclobutrazol proved effective in reducing plant height, leaf area and petiole length and increase in number of leaves and shoots but the effect was temporary. Also, it did not affect the inflorescences production and leaves and rhizomes dry mass. Paclobutrazol is efficient to promote height reduction and to increase the number of shoots in heliconia ‘Red Opal’ potted plants without affect the inflorescence formation but its effects is temporary.

  12. Characteristics of pendent heliconia for use in landscape and as cut flower

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    Vivian Loges

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available The Heliconia species with pendent inflorescences and colorful bracts is a good option for landscaping in tropical gardens and cut flowers market. In Brazil only a few species of Heliconia are commercially produced eg. H. rostrata, H. rauliniana and H. chartacea. Aiming to increase the use of outstanding native plants and the knowledge of these products for enthusiasts of tropical flowers, this work was carried out to characterize H. chartacea, H. collinsiana, H. magnifica, H. pendula, H. platystachys, H. pogonantha, H. rostrata, H. rauliniana and H. vellerigera for use in landscaping and as cut flower. The evaluations were performed on plants belonging to the Germplasm Collection of the Instituto Agronômico (IAC, in Ubatuba Unit of Research and Development, located in Ubatuba, São Paulo State, growing in partial shade conditions. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics related to clump and flower stem aspects were analyzed. A point scoring system was used to determine the species most suitable as landscape plant or as cut flower. The plant height range from 2.3 (H. rostrata to 7.0 m (H. pogonantha, having inflorescence with vibrant and different colors, varying between yellow, orange, red, pink, green and two color combinations. The inflorescences from most of the species were visible in the clump and remain in good conditions for two (H. platystachys to five months (H. magnifica, H. rostrata and H. pogonantha and present six (H. platystachys and H. pendula to 40 (H. pogonantha open bracts. White wax in leaves or inflorescences were observed in H. collinsiana, H. chartacea, H. pendula and H. platystachys. On the other hand, H. magnifica, H. rostrata, H. pogonantha and H. vellerigera exhibit a hairy surface, pubescent to lanuginose. The postharvest durability longer than 10 days was observed only in H. platystachys, H. rostrata, H. chartacea, and H. rauliniana. This characterization and scoring system were important to indicate and

  13. Quality of Heliconia psittacorum seedlings grown on different substrates

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    Raimundo Luiz Laurinho dos Santos

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The production of good seedlings depends on the quality of the matrix and propagation techniques used. In choosing a substrate should be particularly observed physical and chemical characteristics. The objective of this study was to assess the development and vigor of heliconia seedlings from Heliconia psittacorum species, grown on different substrates and mixtures. The materials that form the treatments were: burnt rice husk (RHB, vermiculite (VC, sugarcane waste burnt (SWB, subsoil (S, chicken bedding (CB, cattle manure (CM, earthworm humus (EH, coconut husk powder (CSP and Horticultural Plantmax (HP. The treatments chosen were: 1( ⅔ CM + ⅓ CSP, 2( ⅔CM + ⅓RHB, 3( ⅔CB + ⅓ SWB, 4(CSP, 5(½VC+ ½SWB, 6(⅔ S + ⅓ CB, 7(⅓CM + ⅔SWB, 8(⅔ CM + ⅓SWB, 9(⅔CB + ⅓RHB, 10(⅓CM + ⅔RHB, 11(⅓CB + ⅔SWB, 12(⅔CB + ⅓CSP, 13(⅔EH + ⅓CSP, 14(⅔EH + ⅓SWB, 15(⅓CB + ⅔RHB, 16(⅓EH + ⅔SWB, 17(⅔EH + ⅓RHB, 18( ½VC + ½RHB, 19(S, 20(⅔ S + ⅓ CM, 21(⅔ S + ⅓ EH, 22(EH, 23(HP, 24(⅓EH + ⅔RHB. Samples of all treatment compositions were taken and carried out chemical and physical analysis. A set of ten treatments (1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 16, 20 and 22 basically consisting of CM EH, RHB, CSP and SWB produced the best seedlings and treatment with CB as a main component or not produced the worst seedlings due to high electrical conductivity

  14. Microhabitats occupied by Myxomycetes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Heliconiaceae inflorescences.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cavalcanti, L H; Ferreira, I N; Bezerra, A C C; Costa, A A A

    2015-11-01

    The occurrence of Myxomycetes in Heliconia psittacorum L.f. inflorescences was researched within four conservation units located in Northeast Brazil, aiming at evaluating the occupation of this microhabitat in fragments of Atlantic Forest along an altitude between 30-750 m. Inflorescences attached to the plant were examined; dead flowers and bracts were collected to assemble moist chambers (368). Four families, four genera and 10 species were recorded. A preference was evidenced for a basic pH substrate and a predominance of calcareous species (5:1). The composition of the myxobiota in fragments pertaining to altitudes above 400 m was similar and differed significantly from the one found in fragments of lowland forests (<100 m). Physarum compressum and Arcyria cinerea are the most characteristic species of the studied myxobiota.

  15. Effects of the essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer on caulinary shoots of heliconia cultivated in vitro Efeito do óleo essencial de Lippia gracilis Schauer sobre ápices caulinares de heliconia cultivadas in vitro

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    C.C. Albuquerque

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The effects of thymol and carvacrol and the essential oil of Lippia gracilis on caulinary shoots of heliconia were evaluated. After disinfection, the shoots were inoculated into MS medium and subjected to the treatments with 420 µL L-1 of essential oil (EO of L. gracilis; 420 µL L-1 of thymol; 420 µL L-1 of carvacrol; 210 µL L-1 of thymol and 210 µL L-1 of carvacrol. The control treatment consisted of the MS medium without any phytoregulators. The main components of EO from L. gracilis are carvacrol, ρ-cimene, and thymol. Seven days after the initiation of the experiments, 36.3% of the control treatment shoots were necrotized, but 90% of the caulinary shoots exposed to EO, thymol, or carvacrol appeared necrotized. Transmission electron microscopy of the shoots revealed that the treatment with EO, thymol, or carvacrol caused the destruction of the plasma cell membranes, and the cell organelles and the nucleus were hardly evident. The EO and its main constituent were toxic to caulinary shoots of heliconia.O efeito do timol, carvacrol e óleo essencial de Lippia gracilis foi observado sobre ápices caulinares de heliconia. Após a desinfestação os ápices foram inoculados em meio MS com os tratamentos de 420 µL L-1 do óleo essencial (OE de L. gracilis; 420 µL L-1 de timol; 420 µL L-1 de carvacrol; 210 µg L-1 de timol e 210 µL L-1 de carvacrol. O tratamento controle consistiu de meio MS sem fitorreguladores. Os principais componentes do OE foram carvacrol, ρ-cimeno e timol. Sete dias após o início do experimento 36,3% dos ápices submetidos ao tratamento controle e 90% dos ápices caulinares expostos ao EO, timol ou carvacrol necrosaram. A microscopia eletrônica de transmissão dos ápices caulinares revelou que os tratamentos com OE, timol e carvacrol provocaram desestruturação da membrana plasmática das células. As organelas e o núcleo não estavam evidentes. O OE e seus principais constituintes foram tóxico para os

  16. Desenvolvimento de Heliconia psittacorum e Gladiolus hortulanus irrigados com águas residuárias tratadas Growth of Heliconia psittacorum and Gladiolus hortulanus irrigated with treated domestic wastewater

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    Lousane L. Cerqueira

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo primordial com este trabalho é avaliar o impacto do uso de águas residuárias domésticas tratadas (ART no desenvolvimento de espécies ornamentais, razão por que se instalou o ensaio no município de Simões Filho, BA, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas, cultivadas com Heliconia psittacorum e Gladiolus hortulanus e irrigadas por gotejamento com ART e com água de riacho; avaliaram-se o comprimento das hastes, número de botões florais (helicônia e gladíolo, altura das plantas, número de perfilhos, diâmetro da touceira e nutrientes (somente helicônia. Dentre os fatores que afetam o desenvolvimento das plantas, avaliaram-se a porosidade e a salinidade (condutividade elétrica - CE do solo, de 0 a 0,3 m. Não se observaram diferenças significativas no desenvolvimento das plantas; ressalta-se que micro e macroporosidade, CE e sodicidade, também não indicaram diferenças entre os tratamentos depois de 180 dias de irrigação, mas se observou início de salinização do solo após 1 ano de experimento, o que significa possíveis alterações dos parâmetros avaliados a médio e longo prazos.This research aims to evaluate the impact of irrigation with treated domestic wastewater (TDW on the growth of ornamental plant species. The experiment was installed in the town of Simões Filhos (BA, in a randomized block design with sub-divided plots, cultivated with Heliconia psittacorum and Gladiolus hortulanus using surface drip irrigation with TDW and river water. The evaluated parameters were: stem length, button number (parakeet flower and gladiola, and plant height, number of tillers, plant diameter and nutriment content (only parakeet flower. Among the factors which affect the growth of the plant, soil porosity and soil salinity (electrical conductivity - EC were measured for 0 to 0.3 m soil depth. No significant difference was observed for the plant morphology. Changes in soil micro and

  17. Estimación del balance de Nitrógeno en un humedal construido subsuperficial plantado con Heliconia psittacorum para el tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas

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    Harry Gutiérrez Mosquera

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available La influencia de la vegetación (Heliconia psittacorum y el principal mecanismo de eliminación de nitrógeno en un humedal construido de flujo subsuperficial (HFSS fueron estudiados por la aplicación de un balance de N. Para ésto se construyeron seis unidades de HFSS a escala de laboratorio (microcosmos que incluyeron lechos de grava plantados con Heliconia sp. y sin plantar (controles, sometidos a una carga de 5,68 g N m-2 d-1 y un tiempo nominal de retención de 1,0 día. Los resultados indicaron una mayor eficiencia de eliminación de la carga de N en los microcosmos plantados (29,6% comparado con los sin plantar (24,3%. El balance de masas indicó que el principal mecanismo de eliminación de N fue la nitrificación/desnitrificación al eliminar el 66,7 y 69,7% del N eliminado en los microcosmos plantados y sin plantar, respectivamente. La acumulación en el medio de soporte eliminó el 21,4 y 22,0% del N, respectivamente. Mientras que una pequeña asimilación del N por la Heliconia sp. fue establecida (0,6%. Pese a la baja asimilación directa de N por parte de la planta, fue evidente que éstas contribuyeron indirectamente a la eliminación de N en los microcosmos plantados vía la translocación de oxígeno atmosférico y el ensamblaje de una comunidad microbiana más diversa en la rizósfera.

  18. Atualização da nomenclatura de espécies do gênero Heliconia (Heliconiaceae.

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    Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Castro

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available As helicônias constituem um grupo de plantas cujo cultivo vem se intensificando devido ao crescente mercado. Porém, o uso incorreto da denominação para as espécies que vêm sendo cultivadas tem ocasionado alguns problemas ao produtor, como a decisão sobre adequadas técnicas de cultivo e manejo fitossanitário a serem adotadas, uma vez que o grupo é muito extenso e as exigências de nutrição mineral, espaçamento, condições de cultivo e ocorrência de pragas e doenças variam conforme a espécie considerada. Essa incorreção tem também ocasionado alguns entraves referentes às relações comerciais que envolvem a venda de mudas. Muitas vezes, seguindo nomenclaturas inadequadas ou nomes populares e/ou de variedades, o produtor rural pensa estar adquirindo mudas de determinada espécie, adaptada à sua região de cultivo e recebe um outro produto que poderá não ter uma produção satisfatória, ocorrendo prejuízos. O estudo baseou-se principalmente em informações obtidas em trabalhos originais publicados em periódicos nacionais e internacionais e livros sobre helicônias publicados entre 1880 e 2002 com descrições de espécies de helicônias. A interpretação dos dados compilados permitiu estipular 176 espécies de helicônias, de ocorrência na região neotropical e seis espécies nas Ilhas do Pacífico, perfazendo 182 espécies. O maior número de espécies e subespécies descritas tem ocorrência natural na Colômbia (94, seguindo em ordem decrescente Equador (60 Panamá (56, Costa Rica (47, Brasil (37, Peru (32, Venezuela (26, Nicarágua (22, Guatemala (16, Bolívia (15, Honduras e México (14 e Suriname (13. Das 182 espécies elencadas, 94 são registradas como endêmicas de determinada região, o que aponta uma grande fragilidade do gênero com relação à conservação de germoplasma. Face ao elevado grau de endemismo recomenda-se urgência no estabelecimento de um programa nacional/internacional que vise à coleta e manutenção de germoplasma de espécies do gênero.

  19. Teleworking strategy based on to contribute to the socio-labor inclusion of internal conditionally released from prison "Heliconias"

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    Carmen Mary Corrales-López

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available The article raises the issue of telework oriented population deprived of freedom by the INPEC, specifically those inmates categorized under low, held in EP HELICONIAS Florence Caqueta, which will be provided with their application due to its characteristics objective and subjective, providing greater opportunities and social and labor inclusion; strengthening given that this form of employment currently present in the country. To achieve this objective a descriptive methodology used giving a qualitative approach to describe the characteristics and policies that apply in telework, especially those that refer to the prison and prison environment in Colombia. As a result it is found that the relevant regulations to this project is clearly established (including information security given the nature of the target population, allowing a strategy that suits your needs in which factors such as include: security, business, technology, and internal, obtained from the SWOT analysis of the establishment. The implementation of this strategy will enable the beneficiaries actively participate in the workplace contributing financially to your household and improving their self-esteem.

  20. Hastes florais de helicônia sob deficiência de macronutrientes Flower stems postharvest characteristics of heliconia under macronutrients deficiency

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    Ana Cecília Ribeiro de Castro

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar características pós-colheita da primeira haste floral de plantas de Heliconia psittacorum x H. spathocircinata Aristeguieta, cultivar Golden Torch, sob deficiência de macronutrientes. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, mediante técnica do elemento faltante. As inflorescências produzidas do tratamento sob omissão de N apresentaram coloração laranja-pálido e deformação nas hastes florais. O comprimento e o diâmetro da haste floral e o comprimento da inflorescência foram reduzidos nos tratamentos com omissão de N, P ou K em até 31,23%, em relação ao tratamento completo. A massa de matéria seca e a durabilidade pós-colheita das hastes florais foram reduzidas em 67 e 38,46%, respectivamente, em ambos os tratamentos com omissão de N ou K. As deficiências desses macronutrientes reduziram, ainda, a produção de hastes florais, a partir do segundo perfilho emitido. Hastes florais com maior massa de matéria seca e diâmetro apresentaram maior durabilidade pós-colheita. O teor de carboidrato na parte subterrânea mostrou correlação positiva (0,90 com a massa de matéria seca das hastes florais. Hastes florais com maior teor de carboidratos solúveis nas folhas retardaram a emissão da inflorescência.The objective of this work was to evaluate Heliconia psittacorum x H. spathocircinata Aristeguieta 'Golden Torch' first flower stem morphological and physiological characteristics as well as postharvest longevity, under macronutrients omissions. A greenhouse experiment was conducted under the technique of the lacking element. Inflorescences produced under N omission treatment showed a pale orange color and floral stem deformation. Stem length and diameter as well as inflorescence length were reduced under omission of N, P or K, down to 31.23% when compared to the complete solution treatment. Floral stem dry matter and postharvest longevity were reduced on 67% and 38

  1. Modelo de balance hídrico para la estimación de los caudales de lixiviados generados en la operación del relleno sanitario del Centro Industrial del Sur - El Guacal, Heliconia-Antíoquia.

    OpenAIRE

    Vargas Guerrero, Marinella

    2009-01-01

    Se revisó y analizó los modelos desarrollados para estimar los caudales de lixiviados que se generan en un relleno sanitario identificando sus limitaciones y desventajas. Se selecciono los modelos de mayor aplicación y aceptación para modelar las condiciones operativas del relleno sanitario El Guacal (Heliconia-Antioquia, Colombia). Se analizó la influencia del método de operación del relleno sanitario y de las variables climáticas del sitio de localización sobre la producción de lixiviado...

  2. Photoperiod and growth regulators on in vitro shoot induction in Heliconia latispatha

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    Antonio Anderson de Jesus Rodrigues

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available Considering the growing economic importance of tropical flowers and the advantages of techniques applied to the in vitro cultivation of these plants, it is necessary to carry out studies to evaluate growth in species such as Heliconia latispatha. The aim of this study therefore, was to evaluate in vitro shoot induction for different concentrations of BAP and NAA and as a function of the photoperiod. Explants from zygotic embryos were inoculated in MS medium containing different concentrations of BAP (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5 mg L-1, with the cultures kept in a growth room at a temperature of 24.0 ± 2.0° C, under a photoperiod of 12 and 16 hours of light and a light intensity of 30 μmol m-2 s-1. At 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days after inoculation, the number of shoots per explant was evaluated. The treatment at the BAP concentration that gave the best multiplication rate (2.5 mg L-1 was set, and was tested in a further trial with different concentrations of NAA (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0 6, 0.8 or 1.0 mg L-1 under the same conditions as the previous experiment. The experimental designs were completely randomised, with five replications, and analysed in a 6 x 2 factorial. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. No significant differences were seen in relation to the photoperiod or its interaction with the cytokinin and auxin under test. Multiplication was greater in the presence of 2.5 mg L-1 BAP, which gave a rate of 1.25 shoots/explant at 49 days of in vitro culture. The association of this BAP dosage with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA was even more efficient, producing 1.83 shoots per explant at 30 days of growth. The use of BAP together with NAA is beneficial to the induction of shoots in H. latispatha.

  3. Infestation of Raoiella indica Hirst (Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) on Host Plants of High Socio-Economic Importance for Tropical America.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Otero-Colina, G; González-Gómez, R; Martínez-Bolaños, L; Otero-Prevost, L G; López-Buenfil, J A; Escobedo-Graciamedrano, R M

    2016-06-01

    The mite Raoiella indica Hirst was recently introduced into America, where it has shown amazing ability to disseminate and broaden its range of hosts. An experiment was conducted in Cancún, Mexico, to determine infestation levels of this mite on plants recorded as hosts: coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) of cultivars Pacific Tall and Malayan Dwarf, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) hybrids Deli x Ghana and Deli x Nigeria, Dwarf Giant banana (Musa acuminata, AAA subgroup Cavendish), Horn plantain (M. acuminata x Musa balbisiana, AAB subgroup Plantain), lobster claw (Heliconia bihai), and red ginger (Alpinia purpurata). Nursery plants of these host species or cultivars were artificially infested with R. indica in February 2011. In the four replications of 10 plants, each plant was infested with 200 R. indica specimens, and the numbers of infesting mites were recorded for 6 months. A maximum of 18,000 specimens per plant were observed on coconut Pacific Tall and Malayan Dwarf, followed by lobster claw, with a maximum of 1000 specimens per plant. Infestations were minimal for the remaining plants. Mite numbers on all plants declined naturally during the rainy season. All plant materials sustained overlapping mite generations, indicating that they are true hosts. Complementarily, infestation level was determined in backyard bananas and plantains. Correlations of infestation with plant height, distance from coconuts, and exposure to direct sunlight were estimated. Both bananas and plantains were infested by R. indica even when situated far from infested coconut palms. A Spearman correlation was found between infestation and plant height, although it was significant only for Silk plantain.

  4. Neutralization of the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of Bothrops asper venom by extracts of plants used by healers in Colombia

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    V. Núñez

    2004-07-01

    Full Text Available We determined the neutralizing activity of 12 ethanolic extracts of plants against the edema-forming, defibrinating and coagulant effects of Bothrops asper venom in Swiss Webster mice. The material used consisted of the leaves and branches of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae, Ficus nymphaeifolia (Moraceae, Struthanthus orbicularis (Loranthaceae and Gonzalagunia panamensis (Rubiaceae; the stem barks of Brownea rosademonte (Caesalpiniaceae and Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae; the whole plant of Pleopeltis percussa (Polypodiaceae and Trichomanes elegans (Hymenophyllaceae; rhizomes of Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae, Heliconia curtispatha (Heliconiaceae and Dracontium croatii (Araceae, and the ripe fruit of Citrus limon (Rutaceae. After preincubation of varying amounts of each extract with either 1.0 µg venom for the edema-forming effect or 2.0 µg venom for the defibrinating effect, the mixture was injected subcutaneously (sc into the right foot pad or intravenously into the tail, respectively, to groups of four mice (18-20 g. All extracts (6.2-200 µg/mouse partially neutralized the edema-forming activity of venom in a dose-dependent manner (58-76% inhibition, with B. orellana, S. orbicularis, G. panamensis, B. rosademonte, and D. croatii showing the highest effect. Ten extracts (3.9-2000 µg/mouse also showed 100% neutralizing ability against the defibrinating effect of venom, and nine prolonged the coagulation time induced by the venom. When the extracts were administered either before or after venom injection, the neutralization of the edema-forming effect was lower than 40% for all extracts, and none of them neutralized the defibrinating effect of venom. When they were administered in situ (sc at the same site 5 min after venom injection, the neutralization of edema increased for six extracts, reaching levels up to 64% for C. limon.

  5. Snakebites and ethnobotany in the northwest region of Colombia. Part III: neutralization of the haemorrhagic effect of Bothrops atrox venom.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Otero, R; Núñez, V; Barona, J; Fonnegra, R; Jiménez, S L; Osorio, R G; Saldarriaga, M; Díaz, A

    2000-11-01

    Thirty-one of 75 extracts of plants used by traditional healers for snakebites, had moderate or high neutralizing ability against the haemorrhagic effect of Bothrops atrox venom from Antioquia and Chocó, north-western Colombia. After preincubation of several doses of every extract (7.8-4000 microg/mouse) with six minimum haemorrhagic doses (10 microg) of venom, 12 of them demonstrated 100% neutralizing capacity when the mixture was i.d. injected into mice (18-20 g). These were the stem barks of Brownea rosademonte (Caesalpiniaceae) and Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae); the whole plants of Pleopeltis percussa (Polypodiaceae), Trichomanes elegans (Hymenophyllaceae) and Senna dariensis (Caesalpiniaceae); rhizomes of Heliconia curtispatha (Heliconiaceae); leaves and branches of Bixa orellana (Bixaceae), Philodendron tripartitum (Araceae), Struthanthus orbicularis (Loranthaceae) and Gonzalagunia panamensis (Rubiaceae); the ripe fruits of Citrus limon (Rutaceae); leaves, branches and stem of Ficus nymphaeifolia (Moraceae). Extracts of another 19 species showed moderate neutralization (21-72%) at doses up to 4 mg/mouse, e.g. the whole plants of Aristolochia grandiflora (Aristolochiaceae), Columnea kalbreyeriana (Gesneriaceae), Sida acuta (Malvaceae), Selaginella articulata (Selaginellaceae) and Pseudoelephantopus spicatus (Asteraceae); rhizomes of Renealmia alpinia (Zingiberaceae); the stem of Strychnos xinguensis (Loganiaceae); leaves, branches and stems of Hyptis capitata (Lamiaceae), Ipomoea cairica (Convolvulaceae), Neurolaena lobata (Asteraceae), Ocimum micranthum (Lamiaceae), Piper pulchrum (Piperaceae), Siparuna thecaphora (Monimiaceae), Castilla elastica (Moraceae) and Allamanda cathartica (Apocynaceae); the macerated ripe fruits of Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae); the unripe fruits of Crescentia cujete (Bignoniaceae); leaves and branches of Piper arboreum (Piperaceae) and Passiflora quadrangularis (Passifloraceae). When the extracts were independently administered

  6. Microsatélites amplificados al azar (RAM en estudios de diversidad genética vegetal Random amplified microsatellites (RAM´s in plant genetic diversity studies

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    Jaime Eduardo Muñoz Flórez

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Se revisó el uso e importancia, ventajas, desventajas y características de la técnica Microsatélites Amplificados al Azar (RAM en uchuva Physalis peruviana, mora Rubus spp, guayaba Psidium guajava y heliconias Heliconia spp. En mora se diferenciaron las especies R. glaucus, R. robustus y R. urticifolius, se detectaron duplicados y se encontró alta variabilidad genética en R. glaucus, la especie más importante. En uchuva se encontró alta diversidad y dos accesiones de fruto rojo que se diferenciaron genéticamente de las amarillas y una región geográfica con alta variabilidad. En guayaba los cebadores fueron altamente polimórficos y se encontró alta variabilidad en el Valle del Cauca. En heliconias y especies relacionadas se diferenciaron las familias del orden Zingiberales, algunos subgéneros y variaciones en la especie. La técnica es de bajo costo, utiliza un cebador, no requiere información previa, es altamente polimórfica y diferencia especies en los taxones evaluados.The use and importance, advantages, disadvantages and features of the Random Amplified Microsatellites RAMs technique, were reviewed in Cape gooseberry Physalis peruviana, blackberry Rubus spp, guava Psidium guajava and heliconias Heliconia spp. In blackberry, we differentiated the species R. glaucus, R. robustus y R. urticifolius, detected duplicated accessions and found high genetic diversity in R. glaucus, the most important specie. In cape gooseberry we found high diversity and two red fruit accessions genetically differentiated from the yellow fruit ones and a geographical region with high variability. In guava, primers were highly polymorphic and found high variability in Valle del Cauca region. In Heliconia and related species we differentiated families belonging to Zingiberal order, between some sub genera and variation among specie. The technique has low cost of implementation, use a single primer, do not require previous information, is highly

  7. ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO DE LA REMOCIÓN DE MATERIA ORGÁNICA EN HUMEDALES CONSTRUIDOS DE FLUJO HORIZONTAL SUBSUPERFICIAL USANDO TRES ESPECIES DE MACRÓFITAS ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DA REMOÇÃO DE MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA EM BANHADOS CONSTRUÍDOS DE FLUXO HORIZONTAL SUBSUPERFICIAL USANDO TRES ESPÉCIES DE MACRÓFITAS COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ORGANIC MATTER REMOVAL IN HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS USING THREE SPECIES OF MACROPHYTES

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    JORGE IGNACIO MONTOYA

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Los humedales construidos se presentan actualmente como una tecnología prometedora en reducir la contaminación por aguas residuales; este estudio investigó la remoción de materia orgánica con agua residual sintética, en términos de demanda química de oxígeno (DQO, demanda biológica de oxígeno (DBO5 y mediciones in situ de pH, oxígeno y temperatura cada 15 días, durante 3 meses, en seis sistemas de humedales construidos de flujo subsuperficial horizontal, a escala piloto, sembrados con tres diferentes macrófitas: Canna limbata, Heliconia psittacorum y Phragmites sp; las remociones medias de DQO fueron de 97,31 % y 95,94 % para Canna limbata; 94,49 % y 93,50 % para Heliconia psittacorum; 97,39 % y 97,13 % para Phragmites sp. En DBO5 fueron de 100 % y 99,36 % para Canna limbata; 99,09 % y 97,49 % para Heliconia psittacorum; 100 % y 99,45 % para Phragmites sp. Se concluye que existen diferencias significativas para la remoción de DQO entre las diferentes plantas (P Os banhados construídos são agora uma tecnologia promissora para reduzir a poluição por esgotos; este estudo investigou a remoção de matéria orgânica com esgoto sintético, em termos de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO, demanda biológica de oxigênio (DBO5 e medições in situ de pH, oxigênio e temperatura a cada 15 dias durante 3 meses, em seis sistemas de banhados construídos de fluxo sub-superficial horizontal, em escala piloto plantados com três diferentes macrófitas: Canna limbata, Heliconia psittacorum e Phragmites sp; as remoçães médias de DQO média foram 97,31 % e 95,94 % para Canna limbata, 94,49 % e 93,50 % para Heliconia psittacorum; 97,39 % e 97,13 % para Phragmites sp. Em DBO5 foram de 100 % e 99,36 % para Canna limbata, 99,09 % e 97,49 % para Heliconia psittacorum; 100 % e 99,45 % para Phragmites sp. Conclui-se que existem diferenças significativas para a remoção de DQO entre plantas diferentes (P Constructed wetlands appear at the

  8. Notes on the ecology of rolled-leaf hispines (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae at La Gamba (Costa Rica

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    Michael Schmitt

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available A total of 301 adult hispine beetles of the genera Cephaloleia and Chelobasis were found in rolled leaves of plants of 17 species of Zingiberales (families Costaceae, Heliconiaceae, Maranthaceae, Musaceae, and Zingiberaceae during a field study at La Gamba, Golfito region, Costa Rica. Of these beetles, Cephaloleia belti was recorded from 12 potential host plant species, C. distincta from 7, C. dilaticollis from 5, C., Chelobasis bicolor, C. championi, and C. histrionica from 3, Chelobasis perplexa and C. instabilis from 2, whereas C. trivittata from only one. Of the plant species, Heliconia latispatha had 7 beetle species in its leaf rolls, Calathea lutea had 5, H. imbricata and H. rostrata had 4, H. stricta and Musa paradisiaca had 3, H. wagneriana had 2, while on H. vaginalis, H. danielsiana, H. densiflora, H. longiflora, Calathea crotalifera, C. platystachya, Goeppertia lasiophylla, Alpinia purpurata, Costus pulverulentus and Costus barbatus, H. densiflora, H. vaginalis, and H. danielsana only hispines of one species were found.Cephaloleia belti occurred together with beetles of six other hispine species, whereas Cephaloleia trivittata never shared a leaf roll with another hispine species. The remaining beetle species aggregated with one to four other hispines. Adults of C. belti and C. championi were frequently seen, occasionally also with C. dilaticollis, C. histrionica, and Chelobasis perplexa, to co-occur with the carabid Calophaena ligata in the same leaf roll without any sign of interspecific aggression.A comparison of host choices and the phylogeny of the hispines and of their host plants revealed no signs that beetles used species level phylogenetic relationships within the Zingiberales to food plants. Obviously, within this plant order, rolled-leaf hispines choose their plant hosts in a nearly opportunistic manner. Seemingly, they use differences among plants at higher taxonomic levels but within the Zingiberales, the availability of

  9. NUEVOS HOSPEDEROS Y REGISTROS DE ÁCAROS FITÓFAGOS PARA COSTA RICA: PERÍODO 2008-2012

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    Hugo Aguilar

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Se actualizan las e especies de á caros fitó - fagos identificadas para Costa Rica entre 2008 y 2012. Se procesó el material vegetal provisto por productores, técnicos, estudiantes e interesados en general, así como el recolectado por personal del Laboratorio de Acarología de la Universidad de Costa Rica, y s e identificó. Se mencionan 63 nuevas especies e n 29 familias de plantas hos - pedantes, p ara 5 familias de ácaros fitófagos. Tetranychus urticae , familia Tetranychidae, fue la segunda especie en cuanto a número de h os - pederos, encontrándose e n 1 2 nuevas p antas. También s e hallaron o tras especies de la familia, como Eutetranychus banksi , Mononychellus planki , Oligonychus peronis , O. pratensis , O. punicae , O. ununguis , O. yothersi , Paraponychus corderoi , Tetranychus cinnabarinus , T. ludeni , T. mexicanus y 3 especies de este género que no fueron identificadas. S e registran 4 especies de la f amilia Tenuipalpidae: Brevipalpus californi - cus , B. gliricidiae , B. obovatus y B. phoenicis . Dentro de la familia Tarsonemidae, se informa de Phytonemus pallidus , Polyphagotarsonemus latus , con 15 nuevos registros, especie con mayor aporte en asociación con plantas para este nuevo período; s e informa también de Steneotarsone - musananas , asociada conpiña. De la familia Eriophyidae, se indica de Abacarus doctus, descrita recientemente como nueva especie p ara la ciencia y asociada con caña de azúcar en el país y de Calepitrimerus muesebecki , relaciona - da con aguacate; además 2 especies de eriófidos expuestos, no descritas aún. Retracrus johnstoni , familia Phytoptidae, recolectado de Heliconia latispatha , de la familia Heliconiaceae y primer registro de un ácaro de este género asociado con una planta ajena a la familia Arecaceae. Por último, se expone la descripción del reconocimiento de campo para algunas especies escogidas dentro de las 5 familias estudiadas.

  10. Random amplified microsatellites (RAM´s) in plant genetic diversity studies

    OpenAIRE

    Muñoz Flórez, Jaime Eduardo; Morillo Coronado, Ana Cruz; Morillo Coronado, Yacenia

    2008-01-01

    Se revisó el uso e importancia, ventajas, desventajas y características de la técnica Microsatélites Amplificados al Azar (RAM) en uchuva Physalis peruviana, mora Rubus spp, guayaba Psidium guajava y heliconias Heliconia spp. En mora se diferenciaron las especies R. glaucus, R. robustus y R. urticifolius, se detectaron duplicados y se encontró alta variabilidad genética en R. glaucus, la especie más importante. En uchuva se encontró alta diversidad y dos accesiones de fruto rojo que se difere...

  11. Microsatélites amplificados al azar (RAM en estudios de diversidad genética vegetal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Eduardo Muñoz Flórez

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Se revisó el uso e importancia, ventajas, desventajas y características de la técnica Microsatélites Amplificados al Azar (RAM en uchuva Physalis peruviana, mora Rubus spp, guayaba Psidium guajava y heliconias Heliconia spp. En mora se diferenciaron las especies R. glaucus, R. robustus y R. urticifolius, se detectaron duplicados y se encontró alta variabilidad genética en R. glaucus, la especie más importante. En uchuva se encontró alta diversidad y dos accesiones de fruto rojo que se diferenciaron genéticamente de las amarillas y una región geográfica con alta variabilidad. En guayaba los cebadores fueron altamente polimórficos y se encontró alta variabilidad en el Valle del Cauca. En heliconias y especies relacionadas se diferenciaron las familias del orden Zingiberales, algunos subgéneros y variaciones en la especie. La técnica es de bajo costo, utiliza un cebador, no requiere información previa, es altamente polimórfica y diferencia especies en los taxones evaluados.

  12. Localization, Concentration, and Transmission Efficiency of Banana bunchy top virus in Four Asexual Lineages of Pentalonia aphids

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto Bressan

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV is the most destructive pathogenic virus of banana plants worldwide. The virus is transmitted in a circulative non-propagative manner by the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel. In this work, we examined the localization, accumulation, and transmission efficiency of BBTV in four laboratory-established lineages of Pentalonia aphids derived from four different host plants: taro (Colocasia esculenta, heliconia (Heliconia spp., red ginger (Alpinia purpurata, and banana (Musa sp.. Mitochondrial sequencing identified three and one lineages as Pentalonia caladii van der Goot, a recently proposed species, and P. nigronervosa, respectively. Microsatellite analysis separated the aphid lineages into four distinct genotypes. The transmission of BBTV was tested using leaf disk and whole-plant assays, both of which showed that all four lineages are competent vectors of BBTV, although the P. caladii from heliconia transmitted BBTV to the leaf disks at a significantly lower rate than did P. nigronervosa. The concentration of BBTV in dissected guts, haemolymph, and salivary glands was quantified by real-time PCR. The BBTV titer reached similar concentrations in the guts, haemolymph, and salivary glands of aphids from all four lineages tested. Furthermore, immunofluorescence assays showed that BBTV antigens localized to the anterior midguts and the principal salivary glands, demonstrating a similar pattern of translocations across the four lineages. The results reported in this study showed for the first time that P. caladii is a competent vector of BBTV.

  13. Localization, concentration, and transmission efficiency of Banana bunchy top virus in four asexual lineages of Pentalonia aphids.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Watanabe, Shizu; Greenwell, April M; Bressan, Alberto

    2013-02-22

    Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is the most destructive pathogenic virus of banana plants worldwide. The virus is transmitted in a circulative non-propagative manner by the banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel. In this work, we examined the localization, accumulation, and transmission efficiency of BBTV in four laboratory-established lineages of Pentalonia aphids derived from four different host plants: taro (Colocasia esculenta), heliconia (Heliconia spp.), red ginger (Alpinia purpurata), and banana (Musa sp.). Mitochondrial sequencing identified three and one lineages as Pentalonia caladii van der Goot, a recently proposed species, and P. nigronervosa, respectively. Microsatellite analysis separated the aphid lineages into four distinct genotypes. The transmission of BBTV was tested using leaf disk and whole-plant assays, both of which showed that all four lineages are competent vectors of BBTV, although the P. caladii from heliconia transmitted BBTV to the leaf disks at a significantly lower rate than did P. nigronervosa. The concentration of BBTV in dissected guts, haemolymph, and salivary glands was quantified by real-time PCR. The BBTV titer reached similar concentrations in the guts, haemolymph, and salivary glands of aphids from all four lineages tested. Furthermore, immunofluorescence assays showed that BBTV antigens localized to the anterior midguts and the principal salivary glands, demonstrating a similar pattern of translocations across the four lineages. The results reported in this study showed for the first time that P. caladii is a competent vector of BBTV.

  14. Microsatélites amplificados al azar (RAM en estudios de diversidad genética vegetal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muñoz Flórez Jaime Eduardo

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Se revisó el uso e importancia, ventajas, desventajas y características de la técnica Microsatélites Amplificados al Azar (RAM en uchuva Physalis peruviana, mora Rubus spp, guayaba Psidium guajava y heliconias Heliconia spp. En mora se diferenciaron las especies R. glaucus, R. robustus y R. urticifolius, se detectaron duplicados y se encontró alta variabilidad genética en R. glaucus, la especie más importante. En uchuva se encontró alta diversidad y dos accesiones de fruto rojo que se diferenciaron genéticamente de las amarillas y una región geográfica con alta variabilidad. En guayaba los cebadores fueron altamente polimórficos y se encontró alta variabilidad en el Valle del Cauca. En heliconias y especies relacionadas se diferenciaron las familias del orden Zingiberales, algunos subgéneros y variaciones en la especie. La técnica es de bajo costo, utiliza un cebador, no requiere información previa, es altamente polimórfica y diferencia especies en los taxones evaluados.

  15. African Journal of Biotechnology - Vol 10, No 68 (2011)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Alternative substrates for production of Heliconia psittacorum L. seedlings under shade and open field conditions · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT ... Effect of turkey litter (Meleagris gallopavo L.) vermicompost on growth and yield characteristics of paddy, Oryza sativa (ADT-37) · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT ...

  16. Contribución al conocimiento de las interacciones entre plantas, hormigas y homópteros en bosques secos de Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramírez Mónica

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Las interacciones entre plantas y hormigas y entre plantas, hormigas y homópteros se estudiaron en 248 estaciones de muestreo situadas en nueve fragmentos de bosque seco del valle geográfico del río Cauca, entre enero y junio de 1997. Se registraron 352 interacciones que involucran 91 especies vegetales, hormigas de 67 especies y homópteros pertenecientes a nueve familias. El 4 7% de las asociaciones registradas implica el uso por parte de las hormigas de diferentes estructuras de las plantas (p. e. raíces de las epífitas, domacios en los tallos, hojarasca acumulada entre ramas y hojas, brácteas y peciolos de Heliconia spp. como refugios temporales o sitios de anidamiento. El restante 53% involucra la recolección de miel de homópteros y de sustancias azucaradas en nectarios extraflorales. asmannia auropunctata (17%, Dolichoderus bispinosus (11% Y Brachymyrmex heeri (7% fueron las especies de hormigas registradas con mayor frecuencia. Las plantas más utilizadas fueron Heliconia stricta (8%, Philodendron sp. nov. (7% y Passiflora coriacea (5%. Entre las relaciones observadas, predominan las de tipo generalista, en que las hormigas explotan diferentes recursos aparentemente en forma oportunista y las plantas pueden encontrarse en buen estado a pesar de la ausencia de las hormigas.Interactions between ants and plants and those involving homopterans were studied in 248 sampling points located within nine tropical decidous forest fragments in the Cauca river Valley, between january and june, 1997. A total of 352 interactions were recorded involving 91 plant species, 67 ant species and Homoptera belonging to nine families. 47% ofthe interactions involved ants using different plant structures (such as epiphyte roots, domacia, litter collected in branches and leaves, bracts and petioles of Heliconia spp. as nesting sites or temporary refugia. The remaining 53% involved the collection of homopteran honeydew and sugary substances from extrafloral

  17. The Multiple Impacts of Tropical Forest Fragmentation on Arthropod Biodiversity and on their Patterns of Interactions with Host Plants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benítez-Malvido, Julieta; Dáttilo, Wesley; Martínez-Falcón, Ana Paola; Durán-Barrón, César; Valenzuela, Jorge; López, Sara; Lombera, Rafael

    2016-01-01

    Tropical rain forest fragmentation affects biotic interactions in distinct ways. Little is known, however, about how fragmentation affects animal trophic guilds and their patterns of interactions with host plants. In this study, we analyzed changes in biotic interactions in forest fragments by using a multitrophic approach. For this, we classified arthropods associated with Heliconia aurantiaca herbs into broad trophic guilds (omnivores, herbivores and predators) and assessed the topological structure of intrapopulation plant-arthropod networks in fragments and continuous forests. Habitat type influenced arthropod species abundance, diversity and composition with greater abundance in fragments but greater diversity in continuous forest. According to trophic guilds, coleopteran herbivores were more abundant in continuous forest and overall omnivores in fragments. Continuous forest showed a greater diversity of interactions than fragments. Only in fragments, however, did the arthropod community associated with H aurantiaca show a nested structure, suggesting novel and/or opportunistic host-arthropod associations. Plants, omnivores and predators contributed more to nestedness than herbivores. Therefore, Heliconia-arthropod network properties do not appear to be maintained in fragments mainly caused by the decrease of herbivores. Our study contributes to the understanding of the impact of fragmentation on the structure and dynamics of multitrophic arthropod communities associated with a particular plant species of the highly biodiverse tropical forests. Nevertheless, further replication of study sites is needed to strengthen the conclusion that forest fragmentation negatively affects arthropod assemblages.

  18. Vertical flow constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment on tropical conditions: effect of several design parameters

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bohorquez, Eliana; Paredes, Diego; Arias, Carlos Alberto

    Vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFWC) design and operation takes into account several variables which affect performance its performance. These aspects had been evaluated and documented among others in countries like USA, Denmark, Austria. In contrast, VFCW had not been studied in tropical...... countries and, specifically in Colombia, design and operation parameters are not defined yet. The objective of this study was evaluate the effects of filter medium, the feeding frequency and Heliconia psittacorum presence, a typical local plant, on the domestic wastewater treatment in tropical conditions....

  19. The Multiple Impacts of Tropical Forest Fragmentation on Arthropod Biodiversity and on their Patterns of Interactions with Host Plants

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benítez-Malvido, Julieta; Dáttilo, Wesley; Martínez-Falcón, Ana Paola; Durán-Barrón, César; Valenzuela, Jorge; López, Sara; Lombera, Rafael

    2016-01-01

    Tropical rain forest fragmentation affects biotic interactions in distinct ways. Little is known, however, about how fragmentation affects animal trophic guilds and their patterns of interactions with host plants. In this study, we analyzed changes in biotic interactions in forest fragments by using a multitrophic approach. For this, we classified arthropods associated with Heliconia aurantiaca herbs into broad trophic guilds (omnivores, herbivores and predators) and assessed the topological structure of intrapopulation plant-arthropod networks in fragments and continuous forests. Habitat type influenced arthropod species abundance, diversity and composition with greater abundance in fragments but greater diversity in continuous forest. According to trophic guilds, coleopteran herbivores were more abundant in continuous forest and overall omnivores in fragments. Continuous forest showed a greater diversity of interactions than fragments. Only in fragments, however, did the arthropod community associated with H aurantiaca show a nested structure, suggesting novel and/or opportunistic host-arthropod associations. Plants, omnivores and predators contributed more to nestedness than herbivores. Therefore, Heliconia-arthropod network properties do not appear to be maintained in fragments mainly caused by the decrease of herbivores. Our study contributes to the understanding of the impact of fragmentation on the structure and dynamics of multitrophic arthropod communities associated with a particular plant species of the highly biodiverse tropical forests. Nevertheless, further replication of study sites is needed to strengthen the conclusion that forest fragmentation negatively affects arthropod assemblages. PMID:26731271

  20. CONSERVAÇÃO DE INFLORESCÊNCIAS DE HELICÔNIAS PREVIAMENTE ADUBADAS COM DOSES CRESCENTES DE NITROGÊNIO E POTÁSSIO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    GENILDA CANUTO AMARAL

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available The post-harvest of floral stems is one of the main features observed in the production of flowers for cutting, becoming a prerequisite for product quality and successful marketing. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the conservation of heliconias inflorescences with or without renewal of the water maintenance, previously fertilized with increasing doses of nitrogen and potassium. Inflorescences of Heliconia psittacorum x H. spathocircinata cultivar Golden Torch were used and grown in open conditions in the Floriculture area at UFPI, city of Bom Jesus, Piauí State under increasing doses of fertilization with N and K. The stems were harvested in the morning, standardized and placed in containers with 500 mL of water. The design was a randomized block in factorial 4 x 4 x 2, corresponding to: i N doses (0, 120, 180, and 240 g N hole-1 , ii K doses (0, 120, 180, and 240 g K2O hole-1 , and iii renewing the water maintenance in vase (with and without renewal with three replicates of three stems each. Some evaluations were observed during the Study, such as: the water uptake by the flower stems; loss of fresh weight of the flower stems, dry weight of the flower stems and post-harvest longevity. The dose of 180 g hole-1 both as N and K provided the longevity of the flower stems with quality maintenance. The absorption of water by the flower stems and its dry mass after harvesting are influenced by previous fertilizer N and K. The renewal of the water maintenance also positively influence the longevity of flower stems and its a management indicated to maintain quality post-harvest.

  1. Microhabitat use and spatial distribution in Picado’s Bromeliad Treefrog, Isthmohyla picadoi (Anura, Hylidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adam M. M. Stuckert

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Isthmohyla picadoi is a Neotropical hylid frog found in upper humid montane forests of Costa Rica and Panama. The species is of particular interest because it continues to persist in an area in which the amphibian community has otherwise been decimated by the pathogenic fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Ground search, ladder climbing, and tree climbing techniques were used to locate 32 individuals; including adult males and females, juveniles, andmetamorphosing frogs. The majority of frogs were found in bromeliads, although some individuals were found on plants of the Euphorbiaceae, Musaceae, and Heliconiaceae families. Most frogs were found in larger bromeliads (45 cm or wider. There was a positive correlation between SUL and bromeliad width within the population but not within maturity classes (adult males, adult females, all adults, nonmetamorphosingjuveniles, suggesting that juvenile and adult frogs differ in bromeliad usage. Ranges of SUL and body weight in this particular population are much greater than those reported in previous species accounts.

  2. In tropical lowland rain forests monocots have tougher leaves than dicots, and include a new kind of tough leaf

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dominy, N.J.; Grubb, P.J.; Jackson, R.V.

    2008-01-01

    -tolerant or gap-demanding species were considered. Conclusions: It is predicted that monocots will be found to experience lower rates of herbivory by invertebrates than dicots. The tough monocot leaves include both stiff leaves containing relatively little water at saturation (e.g. palms), and leaves which lack...... stiffness, are rich in water at saturation and roll readily during dry weather or even in bright sun around midday (e.g. gingers, heliconias and marants). Monocot leaves also show that it is possible for leaves to be notably tough throughout the expansion phase of development, something never recorded...... for dicots. The need to broaden the botanist's mental picture of a ‘tough leaf' is emphasized.   Key words: Dicots, fracture toughness, herbivory, leaves, monocots, punch strength, tropical rain forest  ...

  3. AGGRESSIVENESS AND EXOENZIMES PRODUCTION OF Colletotrichum ISOLATES ON ORNAMENTAL TROPICAL PLANTS AGRESSIVIDADE E PRODUÇÃO DE EXOENZIMAS DE Colletotrichum ISOLADOS DE PLANTAS ORNAMENTAIS TROPICAIS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rildo Sartori Barbosa Coelho

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Anthracnose, generally caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, affects inflorescences quality in different species of ornamental tropical plants and it is one of the main fungal diseases to those crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the aggressiveness and exoenzimes production on solid medium of  25 Colletotrichum isolates collected from anthurium, torch ginger, and heliconia plants with necrosis symptoms. The symptomatic floral stems were harvested in different counties of the Pernambuco State, Brazil, and carried to the laboratory, where the isolation process took place. The isolates were inoculated in the floral stems bracts of the three species studied, and the aggressiveness evaluated five days after inoculation. Isolates were also plated on specific culture media to determine amylolytic, lipolytic, and proteolytic activity, and assessed seven days after inoculation. The isolates aggressiveness was variable and some of them were not pathogenic when inoculated to their origin hosts. Six isolates were pathogenic to all the analyzed ornamental species and four isolates showed host specificity. All tested isolates presented amylolytic, lipolytic, and proteolytic activity. No relation between aggressiveness and enzyme activity was observed in the isolates tested.

    KEY-WORDS: Anthurium andraeanum; Etlingera elatior; Heliconia spp.; variability.

    A antracnose, geralmente causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, afeta a qualidade de inflorescências em diversas espécies de plantas ornamentais tropicais e destaca-se como uma das principais doenças de origem fúngica, para estas culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a agressividade e a produção de exoenzimas, em meio sólido, de 25 isolados de Colletotrichum obtidos a partir de inflorescências de

  4. Chronic gamma irradiation of ornamental and landscaping plants at gamma greenhouse

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Shuhaimi Shamsudin; Zaiton Ahmad; Affrida Abu Hassan

    2011-01-01

    Activities on chronic gamma irradiation of ornamental and landscaping plants have started since April 2010. Among plants which have been irradiated were landscaping plants such as hibiscus, canna, turnera, plumeria, amaryllis, and ornamental plants such as orchid, heliconia, cucurma and sanseviera, as well as vanilla. The main objectives at the initial stage were to develop database for optimum chronic irradiation dose and suitable experimental design for each species. The ultimate aim is to obtain new varieties of ornamental plants with flower and horticultural traits of commercial values and landscaping plants suitable for Malaysian landscape such as large and colourful flower, longer bloom period and frequent flowering. This paper discusses irradiation activities for ornamental plants in Gamma Greenhouse including preparation of samples, growing medium and screening plots, selection/determination of optimum dose and dose rate, collection of data and selection of mutants. (author)

  5. BIOPROSPECCIÓN DE PLANTAS NATIVAS PARA SU USO EN PROCESOS DE BIORREMEDIACIÓN: CASO HELICONA PSITTACORUM (HELICONIACEA)

    OpenAIRE

    Peña-Salamanca, Enrique J.; Madera-Parra, Carlos A.; Sánchez, Jesús M.; Medina-Vásquez, Javier

    2013-01-01

    La fitoremediación es el proceso que emplea la vegetación para el tratamiento de la contaminación en el agua, suelo y aire. Los Humedales artificiales de flujo sub-superficial y superficial, constituyen la principal aplicación tecnológica para la matriz agua, basada en un tipo de plantas cuya características principales son la hiperacumulación de sustancias toxicas, y transformación de dichos compuestos gracias a sus propiedades biológicas. Recientemente, se han estudiado el empleo de especie...

  6. Early somatic embryogenesis in Heliconia chartacea Lane ex Barreiros cv. Sexy Pink ovary section explants

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cláudia Ulisses

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available The present work evaluated the development of embryogenic callus from transversal ovary sections. The experiments were carried out under two experimental regimes using combinations of IAA (0; 5.71; 8.56; 11.42; 14.27μM and 2,4-D (0; 13.57; 18.10; 22.62μM or combinations of 2,4-D with BA (0; 4.43; 6.65; 8.87; 11.09μM. Assessments were made of anatomical aspects of the callus and for the presence of embryogenic structures using cytochemical and histological analyses and stereomicroscopic and scanning electronic microscopic observations. Treatments with 2,4-D and IAA produced friable calluses demonstrating cellular acquisition of morphogenetic competence as well as the formation of pro-embryogenic sectors. The expression of embryogenic program could be observed, with proembryogenic cell clusters developing into globular embryos. These results offer the possibility of using new types of explants for culturing helicons that avoid the growth of endophytic bacteria.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta de secções transversais de ovários e o desenvolvimento de calos embriogênicos. O experimento constou de dois ensaios. No primeiro avaliou-se combinações entre AIA (0; 5.71; 8.56; 11.42; 14.27μM e 2,4-D (0; 13.57; 18.10; 22.62μM e no segundo avaliou-se as concentrações de 2,4-D supracitadas, combinadas com concentrações de BA (0; 4.43; 6.65; 8.87; 11.09μM. Os calos formados foram avaliados quanto à presença de estruturas embriogênicas utilizando-se estereomicroscópio, microscópio eletrônico de varredura, além de análises citoquímicas e histológicas. Combinações entre 2,4-D e AIA induziram a formação de calos friáveis com setores pró-embriogênicos, refletindo a aquisição de competência morfogenética. Posteriormente foi observada a expressão do programa embriogênico quando massas pró-embriogências desenvolveram-se formando embriões somáticos. Esses resultados apresentam uma alternativa para a utilização de um tipo de explante que possibilita o cultivo in vitro de helicônia sem o desenvolvimento de bactérias endofíticas.

  7. Gamma radiation use as a quarantine treatment alternative for cut flowers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kikuchi, Olivia Kimiko

    1999-01-01

    Methyl bromide is a broad spectrum pesticide to control insects, nematodes, weeds, pathogens and rodents It is effective to commodity treatment designed for exportation/importation, but is also toxic for human being. Besides, it is an ozone layer depleting substance and many countries are interested in finding other less damaging alternatives. The methyl bromide shall be banned until 2015 and one promising alternative is the radiation. It can be effective for some vegetables, like fresh cut flowers. The tolerance to gamma radiation was observed in some cut flowers. Dianthus (Caryophyllaceae), Gypsophyla (Caryophyllaceae), Gomphrena (Amarantaceae), Celosia (Amarantaceae) and Narcissus (Amaryllidaceae) were tolerant to 750 Gy. Heliconia and Strelitzia (Musaceae) were not tolerant, presenting a severe browning of the colored sepals. Anthurium (Araceae) was also sensitive to 750 Gy, presenting browning of the spike, discoloration and black spots on the sepals. The radiation inhibited the bud opening of Hemerocallis (Liliaceae) and Gladiolus (Iridaceae). Gerbera (Compositae) and Callistemon (Myrtaceae) wilted before the control flowers. Helianthus (Compositae) leaves wilted before the flowers because of the radiation. (author)

  8. Microfossil and Fourier transform infrared analyses of Lapita and post-Lapita human dental calculus from Vanuatu, southwest Pacific

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Horrocks, M.; Nieuwoudt, M.K.; Kinaston, R.; Buckley, H.; Bedford, S.

    2014-01-01

    Here we report on microfossil analysis of human dental calculus from Lapita (3000-2600 yr BP) and post-Lapita (2300-2000 yr BP) burials from Vao and Uripiv, Vanuatu. Phytoliths of introduced Musa and indigenous Heliconia in the calculus suggest the use of these taxa as food wrappings. Phytoliths and most other material in the calculus, namely sponge spicules, calcium oxalate crystals, xylem and charcoal, are unequivocal identifications. Another type of material, comprising degraded objects with a general morphology suggesting starch grains, is uncertain, however, as the unequivocal starch indicator, the Maltese cross, was not observed. We used a new method for calculus analysis, Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR), comparing the suspected starch with modern reference starch of prehistoric Pacific crops. Although the ancient FTIR analysis was limited to a small number of suspected starch grains, the results provide another line of evidence for starch. The calculus data are consistent with previous microfossil studies of Lapita deposits at the sites, and demonstrate the efficacy of this technique in contributing to the definition of the history of plant use and diet of early Pacific Island populations. (author)

  9. Observation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removals and Accumulations in Surface Flow Constructed Wetland (SFCW

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Suntud Sirianuntapiboon

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available The tropical emergent plant species; Cyperus involucratus, Canna siamensis, Heliconia sp., Hymenocallis littoralis, Typha augustifolia and Thalia dealbata were used to observe nutrients (total phosphorus: TP and total nitrogen: TN removal efficiencies of surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW. The system was operated at different hydraulic retention time (HRT of 1, 3 and 5 days and the average atmospheric temperature of 29.1 ± 4.9oC. The seafood industrial wastewater was employed as the influent. The high biomass production plant species; Cyperus involucratus, Typha augustifolia and Thalia dealbata could generate the high oxidative environment. Amount of N and P accumulations in plant tissue were increased with the increase of plant biomass production. The system did not show any significantly different on N and P accumulations among the tested-emergent plant species. But the amount of accumulated-N and P were increased with the increase of HRT. N accumulations in plant tissue, effluent, sediment and media of the system with the tested-emergent plant species under HRT of 1-5 days were in the range of 2.17-43.80%, 7.91-27.75%, 19.62-36.86% and 14.39-31.88%, respectively. Also, P accumulations were 0.79-17.01%, 20.35-28.37%, 40.96-56.27% and 9.09-20.47%, respectively.

  10. Caracterización de la población y del hábitat de la salamandra endémica (Bolitoglossa mombachoensis en la Reserva Natural Volcán Mombacho

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Heraldo Ramón Salgado Aráuz

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available LA RESERVA NATURAL VOLCÁN MOMBACHO ALBERGA A UNA GRAN DIVERSIDAD de especies silvestres en su bosque nuboso (Nebliselva, debido a sus pisos o gradientes altitudinales. En él se encuentra una especie de salamandra endémica, objeto de este estudio. Para el muestreo, se utilizó el método de transectos (tres de un m ancho por 100m de largo. Además, se seleccionaron cuatro microhábitat, asociadados a vegetación, tomados como unidades naturales de muestreo a través de cuadrantes de 10x10m. Los resultados arrojaron una población de 703 individuos asociados a vegetación y de preferencia por la especie: Heliconia latispatha, Dieffenbachia sp., Hedichium coronarium, Vriesea pedicellata y Clusia rotundata. Se encontró la mayor actividad de la especie entre 8:00 PM a 10:00 PM, a una temperatura entre 16º a 18º, de 20º a 21º y de 22º a 23º, con una humedad relativa de 61% a 95%. La mayor parte de los individuos (690 se encontraron de 0.20 a 0.99 cm de altura del sotobosque al estrato de vegetación. Por lo tanto, se han encontrado nuevos datos de la ecología de la especie para el área y para la ciencia.

  11. Avances de investigación en biotecnología de especies ornamentales

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    Angarita Zerda Antonio

    1992-12-01

    Full Text Available Una de las reflexiones más importantes que debe hacerse un investigador cuando inicia un programa en biotecnologla debe ser la de definir la prioridad de esa investigación. En efecto, la Biotecnología ofrece una gran gama de posibilidades de su utilización en múltiples especies ornamentales. En especial, el cultivo de tejidos vegetales ofrece aplicaciones prácticas a corto plazo en problemas específicos de limpieza de virus o la multiplicación masiva de clones con características agronómicas superiores o libres de patógenos vasculares o sistémicos, como en proyectos a mediano plazo de mejoramiento genético, cuando otros métodos  convencionales son lentos o no han permitido la obtención de los resultados esperados. Tal es el caso de la búsqueda de resistencia genética a patógenos en flores. Teniendo en cuenta los elevados costos de la biotecnologla, hemos definido algunos problemas prioritarios en las principales especies ornamentales, como son clavel, pompón, rosas y gypsophila. Sin embargo y considerando que estas especies presentan, en los últimos años, precios internacionales y márgenes de rentabilidad reducidos, se han iniciado algunos trabajos de investigación en la propagación masiva de especies tropicales, como las que pertenecen a los géneros Heliconia y Strelitzia (Musaceae.

  12. Pollinator Competition as a Driver of Floral Divergence: An Experimental Test.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ethan J Temeles

    Full Text Available Optimal foraging models of floral divergence predict that competition between two different types of pollinators will result in partitioning, increased assortative mating, and divergence of two floral phenotypes. We tested these predictions in a tropical plant-pollinator system using sexes of purple-throated carib hummingbirds (Anthracothorax jugularis as the pollinators, red and yellow inflorescence morphs of Heliconia caribaea as the plants, and fluorescent dyes as pollen analogs in an enclosed outdoor garden. When foraging alone, males exhibited a significant preference for the yellow morph of H. caribaea, whereas females exhibited no preference. In competition, males maintained their preference for the yellow morph and through aggression caused females to over-visit the red morph, resulting in resource partitioning. Competition significantly increased within-morph dye transfer (assortative mating relative to non-competitive environments. Competition and partitioning of color morphs by sexes of purple-throated caribs also resulted in selection for floral divergence as measured by dye deposition on stigmas. Red and yellow morphs did not differ significantly in dye deposition in the competition trials, but differences in dye deposition and preferences for morphs when sexes of purple-throated caribs foraged alone implied fixation of one or the other color morph in the absence of competition. Competition also resulted in selection for divergence in corolla length, with the red morph experiencing directional selection for longer corollas and the yellow morph experiencing stabilizing selection on corolla length. Our results thus support predictions of foraging models of floral divergence and indicate that pollinator competition is a viable mechanism for divergence in floral traits of plants.

  13. Testing pollen of single and stacked insect-resistant Bt-maize on in vitro reared honey bee larvae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hendriksma, Harmen P; Härtel, Stephan; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf

    2011-01-01

    The ecologically and economic important honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a key non-target arthropod species in environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops. Honey bee larvae are directly exposed to transgenic products by the consumption of GM pollen. But most ERA studies only consider responses of adult bees, although Bt-proteins primarily affect the larval phases of target organisms. We adopted an in vitro larvae rearing system, to assess lethal and sublethal effects of Bt-pollen consumption in a standardized eco-toxicological bioassay. The effects of pollen from two Bt-maize cultivars, one expressing a single and the other a total of three Bt-proteins, on the survival and prepupae weight of honey bee larvae were analyzed. The control treatments included pollen from three non-transgenic maize varieties and of Heliconia rostrata. Three days old larvae were fed the realistic exposure dose of 2 mg pollen within the semi-artificial diet. The larvae were monitored over 120 h, until the prepupal stage, where larvae terminate feeding and growing. Neither single nor stacked Bt-maize pollen showed an adverse effect on larval survival and the prepupal weight. In contrast, feeding of H. rostrata pollen caused significant toxic effects. The results of this study indicate that pollen of the tested Bt-varieties does not harm the development of in vitro reared A. mellifera larvae. To sustain the ecosystem service of pollination, Bt-impact on A. mellifera should always be a crucial part of regulatory biosafety assessments. We suggest that our approach of feeding GM pollen on in vitro reared honey bee larvae is well suited of becoming a standard bioassay in regulatory risk assessments schemes of GM crops.

  14. Irradiation as a quarantine treatment for ornamentals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Manoto, E.C.; Obra, G.B.; Reyes, M.R.; Resilva, S.S.

    1999-01-01

    The orchid weevil, Orchidophilus aterrimus (Waterhouse), was the most damaging and most difficult to control among the insect pests surveyed. The duration of development of the different stages of orchid weevil were as follows: egg incubation was 7.20 ± 1.47 days, larval period was 58.70 ± 11.24, and the pupal period was 10.83 ± 1.54 days. The total developmental period from egg to adult was 70.15 ± 12.04 days. The pre-oviposition period of the adult female was 44.27 ± 12.18 days and the mean number of eggs laid by a female per week was 3.95 ± 1.36 eggs. Radiosensitivity, in general, decreased with the age of the orchid weevil; the adult was the least sensitive and the eggs the most sensitive to radiation. However, radiosensitivity also varied within a developmental stage. Pairing studies on orchid weevils showed that older adults (11-to-30-days-old) irradiated with 150 Gy and paired as I x U and U x I laid eggs, but surviving larvae died 6 days after egg hatch. The melanization test for irradiated orchid weevil larvae produced inconsistent results. A shorter vase-life was found on Dendrobium cut-flowers irradiated with 100 to 450 Gy. Among the different varieties of Heliconia, the variety Parrot was the most tolerant to radiation. Irradiation affected the growth of the seedlings and ready-to-bloom Dendrobium plants. It also affected the formation of spikes on the latter. The percentage of dropped/wilted flowers in flowering Dendrobium plants was higher on irradiated plants as compared with the control. (author)

  15. Water use in four model tropical plant associations established in the lowlands of Costa Rica

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    Marco V Gutiérrez-Soto

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available We examined soil water use patterns of four model plant associations established in the North Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica by comparing the stable hydrogen isotope composition, δD, in xylem sap and in soil water at different depths, under rainy and dry conditions. Four 5-year-old model plant associations composed of 2 tree species (Hyeronima alchorneoides and Cedrela odorata having different architecture and phenology were studied. Average tree height was 8.9 and 7.6 m, respectively. Each tree species was grown in monoculture and in polyculture with 2 perennial monocotyledons (Euterpe oleracea and Heliconia imbricata. Maximum rooting depth at the time of δD determination was ~ 2 m for almost all species. Most roots of all species were concentrated in the upper soil layers. Stomatal conductance to water vapor (gS was higher in the deciduous C. odorata than in the evergreen H. alchorneoides; within each species, gS did not differ when the trees were grown in mono or in polyculture. During the rainy season, gradients in soil water δD were not observed. Average rainy season xylem sap δD did not differ among members of the plant combinations tested (-30 ‰, and was more similar to δD values of shallow soil water. Under dry conditions, volumetric soil water content declined from 50 to ~ 35%, and modest gradients in soil water δD were observed. xylem sap δD obtained during dry conditions was significantly lower than rainy season values. xylem sap δD of plants growing in the four associations varied between -9 and -22‰, indicating that shallow water was predominantly absorbed during the dry period too. Differences in xylem sap δD of trees and monocots were also detected, but no significant patterns emerged. The results suggest that: a the plant associations examined extracted water predominantly from shallow soil layers (Examinamos los patrones de uso de agua del suelo de cuatro asociaciones vegetales establecidas en el Caribe norte de

  16. An evaluation of the wilt-causing bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum as a potential biological control agent for the alien Kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) in Hawaiian forests

    Science.gov (United States)

    1999-01-01

    Kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) is an invasive weed in tropical forests in Hawaii and elsewhere. Bacterial wilt caused by the ginger strain of Ralstonia(=Pseudomonas) solanacearum systemically infects edible ginger (Zingiber officinale) and ornamental gingers (Hedychium spp.), causing wilt in infected plants. The suitability of R. solanacearum as a biological control agent for kahili ginger was investigated by inoculating seedlings and rooted cuttings of native forest plants, ornamental ginger, and solanaceous species to confirm host specificity. Inoculation via stem injection or root wounding with a bacterial–water suspension was followed by observation for 8 weeks. Inoculations on H. gardnerianum were then carried out in ohia-lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) wet forests of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park to determine the bacterium's efficacy in the field. No native forest or solanaceous species developed wilt or other symptoms during the study. The bacterium caused limited infection near the inoculation site on H. coronarium, Z. zerumbet, Heliconia latispatha, and Musa sapientum. However, infection did not become systemic in any of these species, and normal growth resumed following appearance of initial symptoms. All inoculated H. gardnerianum plants developed irreversible chlorosis and severe wilting 3–4 weeks following inoculation. Systemic infection also caused death and decay of rhizomes. Most plants were completely dead 16–20 weeks following inoculation. The destructiveness of the ginger strain of R. solanacearum to edible ginger has raised questions regarding its use for biological control. However, because locations of kahili ginger infestations are often remote, the risk of contaminating edible ginger plantings is unlikely. The ability of this bacterium to cause severe disease in H. gardnerianum in the field, together with its lack of virulence in other ginger species, contributes to its potential as a biological control agent.

  17. In tropical lowland rain forests monocots have tougher leaves than dicots, and include a new kind of tough leaf.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dominy, Nathaniel J; Grubb, Peter J; Jackson, Robyn V; Lucas, Peter W; Metcalfe, Daniel J; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Turner, Ian M

    2008-06-01

    There has been little previous work on the toughness of the laminae of monocots in tropical lowland rain forest (TLRF) despite the potential importance of greater toughness in inhibiting herbivory by invertebrates. Of 15 monocot families with >100 species in TLRF, eight have notably high densities of fibres in the lamina so that high values for toughness are expected. In north-eastern Australia punch strength was determined with a penetrometer for both immature leaves (approx. 30 % final area on average) and fully expanded, fully toughened leaves. In Singapore and Panama, fracture toughness was determined with an automated scissors apparatus using fully toughened leaves only. In Australia punch strength was, on average, 7x greater in shade-tolerant monocots than in neighbouring dicots at the immature stage, and 3x greater at the mature stage. In Singapore, shade-tolerant monocots had, on average, 1.3x higher values for fracture toughness than neighbouring dicots. In Panama, both shade-tolerant and gap-demanding monocots were tested; they did not differ in fracture toughness. The monocots had markedly higher values than the dicots whether shade-tolerant or gap-demanding species were considered. It is predicted that monocots will be found to experience lower rates of herbivory by invertebrates than dicots. The tough monocot leaves include both stiff leaves containing relatively little water at saturation (e.g. palms), and leaves which lack stiffness, are rich in water at saturation and roll readily during dry weather or even in bright sun around midday (e.g. gingers, heliconias and marants). Monocot leaves also show that it is possible for leaves to be notably tough throughout the expansion phase of development, something never recorded for dicots. The need to broaden the botanist's mental picture of a 'tough leaf' is emphasized.

  18. Testing Pollen of Single and Stacked Insect-Resistant Bt-Maize on In vitro Reared Honey Bee Larvae

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hendriksma, Harmen P.; Härtel, Stephan; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf

    2011-01-01

    The ecologically and economic important honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a key non-target arthropod species in environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops. Honey bee larvae are directly exposed to transgenic products by the consumption of GM pollen. But most ERA studies only consider responses of adult bees, although Bt-proteins primarily affect the larval phases of target organisms. We adopted an in vitro larvae rearing system, to assess lethal and sublethal effects of Bt-pollen consumption in a standardized eco-toxicological bioassay. The effects of pollen from two Bt-maize cultivars, one expressing a single and the other a total of three Bt-proteins, on the survival and prepupae weight of honey bee larvae were analyzed. The control treatments included pollen from three non-transgenic maize varieties and of Heliconia rostrata. Three days old larvae were fed the realistic exposure dose of 2 mg pollen within the semi-artificial diet. The larvae were monitored over 120 h, until the prepupal stage, where larvae terminate feeding and growing. Neither single nor stacked Bt-maize pollen showed an adverse effect on larval survival and the prepupal weight. In contrast, feeding of H. rostrata pollen caused significant toxic effects. The results of this study indicate that pollen of the tested Bt-varieties does not harm the development of in vitro reared A. mellifera larvae. To sustain the ecosystem service of pollination, Bt-impact on A. mellifera should always be a crucial part of regulatory biosafety assessments. We suggest that our approach of feeding GM pollen on in vitro reared honey bee larvae is well suited of becoming a standard bioassay in regulatory risk assessments schemes of GM crops. PMID:22194811

  19. Testing pollen of single and stacked insect-resistant Bt-maize on in vitro reared honey bee larvae.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Harmen P Hendriksma

    Full Text Available The ecologically and economic important honey bee (Apis mellifera is a key non-target arthropod species in environmental risk assessment (ERA of genetically modified (GM crops. Honey bee larvae are directly exposed to transgenic products by the consumption of GM pollen. But most ERA studies only consider responses of adult bees, although Bt-proteins primarily affect the larval phases of target organisms. We adopted an in vitro larvae rearing system, to assess lethal and sublethal effects of Bt-pollen consumption in a standardized eco-toxicological bioassay. The effects of pollen from two Bt-maize cultivars, one expressing a single and the other a total of three Bt-proteins, on the survival and prepupae weight of honey bee larvae were analyzed. The control treatments included pollen from three non-transgenic maize varieties and of Heliconia rostrata. Three days old larvae were fed the realistic exposure dose of 2 mg pollen within the semi-artificial diet. The larvae were monitored over 120 h, until the prepupal stage, where larvae terminate feeding and growing. Neither single nor stacked Bt-maize pollen showed an adverse effect on larval survival and the prepupal weight. In contrast, feeding of H. rostrata pollen caused significant toxic effects. The results of this study indicate that pollen of the tested Bt-varieties does not harm the development of in vitro reared A. mellifera larvae. To sustain the ecosystem service of pollination, Bt-impact on A. mellifera should always be a crucial part of regulatory biosafety assessments. We suggest that our approach of feeding GM pollen on in vitro reared honey bee larvae is well suited of becoming a standard bioassay in regulatory risk assessments schemes of GM crops.

  20. The multigenerational effects of water contamination and endocrine disrupting chemicals on the fitness of Drosophila melanogaster.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Quesada-Calderón, Suany; Bacigalupe, Leonardo Daniel; Toro-Vélez, Andrés Fernando; Madera-Parra, Carlos Arturo; Peña-Varón, Miguel Ricardo; Cárdenas-Henao, Heiber

    2017-08-01

    Water pollution due to human activities produces sedimentation, excessive nutrients, and toxic chemicals, and this, in turn, has an effect on the normal endocrine functioning of living beings. Overall, water pollution may affect some components of the fitness of organisms (e.g., developmental time and fertility). Some toxic compounds found in polluted waters are known as endocrine disruptors (ED), and among these are nonhalogenated phenolic chemicals such as bisphenol A and nonylphenol. To evaluate the effect of nonhalogenated phenolic chemicals on the endocrine system, we subjected two generations (F0 and F1) of Drosophila melanogaster to different concentrations of ED. Specifically, treatments involved wastewater, which had the highest level of ED (bisphenol A and nonylphenol) and treated wastewater from a constructed Heliconia psittacorum wetland with horizontal subsurface water flow (He); the treated wastewater was the treatment with the lowest level of ED. We evaluated the development time from egg to pupa and from pupa to adult as well as fertility. The results show that for individuals exposed to treated wastewater, the developmental time from egg to pupae was shorter in individuals of the F1 generation than in the F0 generation. Additionally, the time from pupae to adult was longer for flies growing in the H. psittacorum treated wastewater. Furthermore, fertility was lower in the F1 generation than in the F0 generation. Although different concentrations of bisphenol A and nonylphenol had no significant effect on the components of fitness of D. melanogaster (developmental time and fertility), there was a trend across generations, likely as a result of selection imposed on the flies. It is possible that the flies developed different strategies to avoid the effects of the various environmental stressors.

  1. Sementes contra a varíola: Joaquim Vás e a tradução científica das pevides de bananeira brava em Goa, Índia (1894-1930 Seeds against smallpox: Joaquim Vás and the scientific translation of bananeira brava seeds in Goa, India (1894-1930

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Roque

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Em 1914, em Goa, antiga colônia portuguesa na Índia, o médico António Joaquim Vás anunciou a descoberta de um fabuloso tratamento contra a varíola: a aplicação clínica das pevides, ou sementes, de bananeira brava, medicamento de origem vegetal extraído das práticas médicas indianas. Este artigo investiga as circunstâncias do sucesso e insucesso dessa descoberta. A constituição das pevides de bananeira brava como medicamento contra a varíola, no início do século XX, é interpretada com base no conceito de tradução científica. Argumenta-se que a tradução das pevides - de atividade indígena a terapêutica científica - constitui um caso de criação de quasi-medicamentos, uma tradução média. Embora habitando um lugar problemático no programa de tradução científica, as pevides circularam ativamente no interior da própria ciência, persistindo contra a varíola nas práticas médicas.In 1914, in the former Portuguese colony of Goa, India, the physician António Joaquim Vás announced the discovery of a wonderful treatment for smallpox, entailing clinical application of seeds from the bananeira brava (Heliconia biahi Sw.m., a plant remedy allegedly derived from Indian medical practices. The present article explores the circumstances surrounding the successes and failures of this discovery. The concept of scientific translation is used to interpret the transformation of bananeira bravaseeds into an early twentieth-century remedy for smallpox. This transfer from indigenous use to scientific therapeutics constitutes the creation of a quasi-medicine, that is, a case of 'medium translation'. Although these seeds occupy a problematic place within the program of scientific translation, they enjoyed active circulation within science and remained a part of medical practices for combating smallpox.

  2. Radiation disinfection or disinfestation of nematodes, aphids, mites, thrips, and other pests on food plant materials: evaluation for effectiveness and product quality

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Moy, J H; Chinnasri, B; Sipes, B S; Schmitt, D P; Hamasaki, R T; Mersino, E F; Yamakawa, R M [Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States)

    1999-05-01

    Many fresh herbs, ornamental plants, and several varieties of taro grown in Hawaii are infested with various pests such as aphids, mites, thrips, and nematodes. Finding an efficacious quarantine treatment for these commodities is difficult because most cannot tolerate heat or cold, and a suitable chemical treatment is lacking. Irradiation could be a feasible, practical alternative. Quality of these irradiated materials should be studied to help determine if irradiation is a suitable quarantine treatment. Of the ten fresh herbs irradiated with up to 0.70 kGy, five (rosemary, thyme, oregano, parsley, chives) are very tolerant, and show no difference from the controls after two to three weeks at 7 deg. C. Red ginger and four cultivars of heliconia, very attractive ornamental plants, can be irradiated at 0.75 and 0.50 kGy, respectively, and have a vase life of 10 days or more at 21 deg. C. Leafminer in bean plants cannot emerge when irradiated at 0.15 kGy. The nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, which infects taro and ginger, is prevalent in Hawaii. To cause mortality in second stage juveniles (J2), a gamma-radiation dose higher than 4.0 kGy is necessary. Suppression of hatching of egg masses requires doses of 2.0 kGy and above. Galling of tomato plants inoculated with J2 and egg masses decreases when J2 and egg masses were irradiated at 3.25 kGy and above. Heating J2 at 43 deg. C for 10 min before inoculating them into the plants effectively reduces root galling. Synergism was not found between heat treatment (49 deg. C for 10 or 20 min) and irradiation with up to 0.015 kGy, the dose above which sprouting of ginger rhizomes and taro cormels is inhibited. The results suggest that irradiation is promising as a quarantine treatment for selected fresh herbs and ornamental plants, but not for control of nematodes in root crops. (author) 10 refs, 3 tabs

  3. Radiation disinfection or disinfestation of nematodes, aphids, mites, thrips, and other pests on food plant materials: evaluation for effectiveness and product quality

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moy, J.H.; Chinnasri, B.; Sipes, B.S.; Schmitt, D.P.; Hamasaki, R.T.; Mersino, E.F.; Yamakawa, R.M.

    1999-01-01

    Many fresh herbs, ornamental plants, and several varieties of taro grown in Hawaii are infested with various pests such as aphids, mites, thrips, and nematodes. Finding an efficacious quarantine treatment for these commodities is difficult because most cannot tolerate heat or cold, and a suitable chemical treatment is lacking. Irradiation could be a feasible, practical alternative. Quality of these irradiated materials should be studied to help determine if irradiation is a suitable quarantine treatment. Of the ten fresh herbs irradiated with up to 0.70 kGy, five (rosemary, thyme, oregano, parsley, chives) are very tolerant, and show no difference from the controls after two to three weeks at 7 deg. C. Red ginger and four cultivars of heliconia, very attractive ornamental plants, can be irradiated at 0.75 and 0.50 kGy, respectively, and have a vase life of 10 days or more at 21 deg. C. Leafminer in bean plants cannot emerge when irradiated at 0.15 kGy. The nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, which infects taro and ginger, is prevalent in Hawaii. To cause mortality in second stage juveniles (J2), a gamma-radiation dose higher than 4.0 kGy is necessary. Suppression of hatching of egg masses requires doses of 2.0 kGy and above. Galling of tomato plants inoculated with J2 and egg masses decreases when J2 and egg masses were irradiated at 3.25 kGy and above. Heating J2 at 43 deg. C for 10 min before inoculating them into the plants effectively reduces root galling. Synergism was not found between heat treatment (49 deg. C for 10 or 20 min) and irradiation with up to 0.015 kGy, the dose above which sprouting of ginger rhizomes and taro cormels is inhibited. The results suggest that irradiation is promising as a quarantine treatment for selected fresh herbs and ornamental plants, but not for control of nematodes in root crops. (author)

  4. Produção de helicônia Golden Torch influenciada pela adubação mineral e orgânica Production of helicônia Golden Torch as influenced by the mineral and organic manure

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abel W. de Albuquerque

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available A agrofloricultura alagoana demanda ações articuladas nos segmentos da cadeia produtiva, a fim de reduzir os custos com insumos como os adubos minerais, que representam um percentual significativo. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os componentes de produção da Helicônia Golden Torch submetidos às adubações mineral, orgânica e organomineral. As variáveis analisada foram: número de perfilhos por touceira, número de haste floral, comprimento da haste floral, diâmetro da haste floral, comprimento da bráctea, número de folhas por haste floral e área foliar por haste floral. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a adubação orgânica e a organomineral proporcionaram as maiores produtividade. A adubação orgânica promoveu maior produtividade dos componentes de produção que o tratamento não adubado e a associação das adubações mineral e orgânica são uma prática que contribuiu para a otimização da adubação da cultura.The cut tropical flower market in Alagoas-Brazil demands articulate actions in the production chain to reduce costs with mineral fertilizers that represent a significant percentage of the production costs. This work had the objective of evaluating the production components of the tropical flower heliconia Golden Torch submitted to mineral, organic and organic-mineral fertilization. The following variables were evaluated: number of the offshoots per plant, number of flowers stalk per bunch, length and diameter of the flowers stalk, length of the bracts, number of the leaves and leaf area per plant. The results showed that organic and organic-mineral fertilization promoted the highest harvest of flower stalks. The organic fertilization promoted higher yield of the production components in comparison to control and the organic-mineral fertilization treatments. The association of mineral fertilized and organic manure improved the fertilization practice in this crop.

  5. Species and rotation frequency influence soil nitrogen in simplified tropical plant communities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ewel, John J

    2006-04-01

    Among the many factors that potentially influence the rate at which nitrogen (N) becomes available to plants in terrestrial ecosystems are the identity and diversity of species composition, frequency of disturbance or stand turnover, and time. Replicated suites of investigator-designed communities afforded an opportunity to examine the effects of those factors on net N mineralization over a 12-year period. The communities consisted of large-stature perennial plants, comprising three tree species (Hyeronima alchorneoides, Cedrela odorata, and Cordia alliodora), a palm (Euterpe oleracea), and a large, perennial herb (Heliconia imbricata). Trees were grown in monoculture and in combination with the other two life-forms; tree monocultures were subjected to rotations of one or four years, or like the three-life-form systems, left uncut. The work was conducted on fertile soil in the humid lowlands of Costa Rica, a site with few abiotic constraints to plant growth. Rates of net N mineralization and nitrification were high, typically in the range of 0.2-0.8 microg x g(1) x d(-1), with net nitrification slightly higher than net mineralization, indicating preferential uptake of ammonium (NH4+) by plants and microbes. Net rates of N mineralization were about 30% lower in stands of one of the three tree species, Hyeronima, than in stands of the other two. Contrary to expectations, short-rotation management (one or four years) resulted in higher net rates of N mineralization than in uncut stands, whether the latter were composed of a single tree species or a combination of life-forms. Neither additional species richness nor replenishment of leached N augmented mineralization rates. The net rate at which N was supplied tended to be lowest in stands where demand for N was highest. Careful choice of species, coupled with low frequency of disturbance, can lead to maintenance of N within biomass and steady rates of within-system circulation, whereas pulses, whether caused by cutting

  6. Interacción planta-colibrí en Amacayacu (Amazonas, Colombia: una perspectiva palinológica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Amaya Márquez Marisol

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available Se cuantificaron 232 cargas de polen tomadas de 11 especies de colibríes en el Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, Amazonas, Colombia. Las especies más generalistas transportaron cargas de polen con mayor cantidad de granos. Las características palinológicas predominantes en los granos de polen sugieren una relación entre estructura reticulada y la polinización por colibríes. Se propone un Índice de Valor de Importancia de los Recursos (IVIR orientado a estimar la importancia de cada una de las plantas ornitófilas para la comunidad de colibríes. Las plantas más importantes para los colibríes fueron: una especie de Heliconia, una especie de Passiflora, Besleria aggregata, una especie de Costus, ombretum llewelynii y Erythrina fusca. Con base en un análisis de correspondencia binaria se describen tres asociaciones plantacolibrí a nivel de comunidad, en las cuales la morfología del pico de los colibríes emerge como el aspecto explicativo de las asociaciones. Se analizan las ventajas y desventajas de las metodologías usadas por la palinología y por la observación directa en el campo.From a palinological perspective was studied the plant-hummingbird relationship at community level, in the National Natural Park Amacayacu in the Colombian Amazonia. Our goal was to evaluate the utility ofthe palinological tool, to provided insight of the hummingbird-plant relationship organization, at community leve!. We get evidence about which plants were really using the hummingbirds as pollen vectors. A Resource Importance Value Index (RIVI is proposed here to evaluate the importance of each floral resource to the hummingbird community. A binary correspondence analysis perrnitted us to proposed three groups ofplant-hummingbird associations, according with the frequency of pollen registered on each hummingbird species. The Relación colibrí-flor en una comunidad amazónica hummingbirds culmen morphology emerged as the explicative factor ofthe

  7. Economia na produção de helicônias no Estado do Rio de Janeiro Economy in helicônias production in Rio de Janeiro State

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrezza da Silva Machado Neto

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available A pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar, mediante o cálculo do valor presente líquido (VPL, da taxa interna de retorno (TIR e do Payback Econômico (PBE, a viabilidade da produção de helicônias no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, bem como identificar e verificar, por meio da análise de sensibilidade, em que medida alguns fatores do sistema produtivo exercem impacto sobre a rentabilidade das regiões produtoras. Os resultados mostraram que a produção de helicônias é uma atividade lucrativa, segundo o método da TIR e considerando taxas mínimas de atratividade (TMA de 6% e 12% para o cálculo do VPL. Porém, ocorrem limitações no setor de escoamento da produção, retardando a consolidação desse mercado. O percentual de perdas e o preço de venda do produto apresentaram-se como fatores determinantes sobre o tempo de retorno do investimento (PBE. Além disso, o preço de venda do produto foi a variável com maior efeito sobre a rentabilidade, seguida do valor da terra e do custo das mudas.The purpose of the research was to determine, through the calculation of net present value (VPL, internal return rate (TIR and Economic Payback (PBE, the viability of Heliconias production in the Rio de Janeiro State, as well as identify and verify, by means of sensitivity analysis in which extent some factors of the production system exercise impact on the profitability of the producing regions. The results showed that helicônia production is a profitable activity, according to the method of TIR and considering minimal attractiveness rates (TMA of 6% and 12% for calculating the net present value (VPL. However, there are limitations in the sector of produce flow, delaying the consolidation of this market. The percentage of losses and the selling price of the product presented determinant factors on the time of return on investment (PBE. In addition, the selling price of the product was the variable with greater effect on profitability, followed by the

  8. Antimicrobial action of the essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cynthia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque

    2006-07-01

    Full Text Available Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil (EO of Lippia gracilis Schauer over fungi and heliconia endophytic bacteria was evaluated. For the fungi Geotrichum candidum; Trichoderma viride; Torula herbarum; Paecillomyces sp.; Fusicoccum sp.; P. aeruginens; Curvularia lunata; Aspergillus nidulans; A. flavus; and A. niger mycelial discs were inoculated in PDA medium with oil (0; 420; 440; 460; 480 e 500 µL L-1. The inhibition percentage in 420 µL L-1 was 100% for all fungi, except for C. lunata and A. niger, which was 95.58% and 89.40% , respectively. In other experiment, a suspension of the Salmonella choleraceuis-diarizonae, Enterobacter asburiae, Bacillus thuringiensis, B. pumilus, B. cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and E. hormaechei was individually added to the solid NYDA medium dishes. In each dish, wells were drilled in medium and filled with water or EO (420 µL L-1. The diameter of the inhibition halo was assessed. K. pneumoniae was the bacterial species less sensitive and E. hormaechei was the most sensitive.Avaliou-se a atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial (OE de Lippia gracilis Schauer sobre fungos contaminantes de laboratórios de cultura de tecidos vegetais e bactérias endofíticas de helicônias. Discos de micélio dos fungos Geotrichum candidum; Trichoderma viride; Torula herbarum; Paecillomyces sp.; Aspergillus nidulans; Fusicoccum sp.; A. flavus; P. aeruginens; Curvularia lunata e A. niger, foram inoculados em meio BDA com óleo (0; 420; 440; 460; 480 e 500 µL L-1. O percentual de inibição em 420 µL L-1 foi de 100% para todos os fungos exceto paraC. lunata and A. niger, o qual foi de 95.58% and 89.40% respectivamente. Em outro experimento, suspensão das espécies Salmonela choleraceuis-diarizonae, Enterobacter asburiae, Bacillus thuringiensis, B. pumilus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. hormaechei, Bacillus pumilus, B. cereus, B. pumilus foi individualmente adicionada ao meio NYDA, que foi vertido em placas de Petri e, ap

  9. LA RIQUEZA DE LAS PLANTAS CON FLORES DE COLOMBIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. ORLANDO RANGEL-CH.

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Con base en los inventarios florísticos a nivel regional que se adelantan desde 1991 se documentaron los patrones de riqueza (distribución, concentración a nivel de familia de las plantas con flores en Colombia y en sus regiones naturales extra-andinas. En Colombia están representadas 238 de las 414 familias de plantas con flores reconocidas a nivel global, lo cual significa el 57.7% de esta riqueza. De las regiones naturales incluidas en este estudio, la Amazonia es la más rica en número de especies y la de mayor superficie y en el Caribe se alcanzó el mayor número de familias (201. El índice de riqueza a nivel de familia fue mayor en el Caribe (15.6 x 10-4 y el de especies fue mayor en el Chocó (3.4x10-2 y menor en la Orinoquia (1.7x 10-2.. En la Orinoquia están ausentes 65 familias, en la Amazonia 49, en el Chocó 59 y en el Caribe 35 respectivamente. En cuanto a distintividad taxonómica a nivel de familias, en el Caribe se encuentran 19 familias con distribución restringida, en Amazonia cinco, en el Chocó y en la Orinoquia una en cada caso. No se comprobó una relación directa entre superficie del área de la región natural y las expresiones de la riqueza y de la distintividad taxonómica. Se confirma el patrón alto de riqueza en un número reducido de familias, en las 50 familias más ricas en todas las regiones naturales se concentran los valores de riqueza específica por encima del 82%. Entre las familias con mayor concentración de especies en Colombia, en comparación con la situación a nivel del mundo cabe destacar a Metteniusaceae, grupo que presenta siete de las nueve especies registradas en el mundo e igualmente a Brunelliaceae, Siparunaceae, Cyclanthaceae, Heliconiaceae, Myristicaceae, Marcgraviaceae, Gunneraceae, Humiriaceae, Rapateaceae y Tropaeolaceae. Una comparación de los patrones de riqueza a nivel de familia en los países megadiversos de Suramérica, muestra que en Brasil 41 familias tienen mayor n

  10. Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the black leaf streak pathogen of banana: progress towards understanding pathogen biology and detection, disease development, and the challenges of control.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Churchill, Alice C L

    2011-05-01

    primary hosts of M. fijiensis, the ornamental plant Heliconia psittacorum has been reported as an alternative host. Several valuable tools and resources have been developed to overcome some of the challenges of studying this host-pathogen system. These include a DNA-mediated fungal transformation system and the ability to conduct targeted gene disruptions, reliable quantitative plant bioassays, diagnostic probes to detect and differentiate M. fijiensis from related pathogens and to distinguish strains of different mating types, and a genome sequence that has revealed a wealth of gene sequences and molecular markers to be utilized in functional and population biology studies. http://bananas.bioversityinternational.org/, http://genome.jgi-psf.org/Mycfi2/Mycfi2.home.html, http://www.isppweb.org/names_banana_pathogen.asp#fun, http://www.promusa.org/. © 2010 THE AUTHOR. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY © 2010 BSPP AND BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD.

  11. Building positive nature awareness in pupils using the "Rainforest of the Austrians" in Costa Rica.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aubrecht, Margit; Hölzl, Irmgard; Huber, Werner; Weissenhofer, Anton

    2013-04-01

    20 years ago, Michael Schnitzler founded the NGO "Rainforest of the Austrians" to help save one of the most diverse rainforests in Central America, the Esquinas rainforest on the Pacific coast of SW Costa Rica, from being destroyed through logging. In this abstract we present an interdisciplinary upper Austrian school project aiming at building positive awareness in pupils towards rainforest conservation by fund-raising to help purchase endangered forest areas. The acquired rainforest was donated to the Costa Rican government and became part of the National Park "Piedras Blancas". In the following, we present a chronology of events and actions of the school project. We started our rainforest project by face-to-face encounters, letting involved persons speak directly to the pupils. Dr. Huber, coordinator of the tropical rainforest station La Gamba in Costa Rica (www.lagamba.at), together with Dr. Weissenhofer, presented an introductory slide show about the "Rainforest of the Austrians". With rainforest images and sounds in their mind the pupils wrote "trips of a lifetime" stories, thus creating idyllic images of rainforest habitats. Following up on that, we visited the exhibition "Heliconia and Hummingbirds" at the Biology Center in Linz. Reports about the slide show and the exhibition followed. Tropical sites were compared by producing climate graphs of La Gamba, Costa Rica, and Manaus in Brazil. The global distribution and the decrease of rainforests were also analyzed. In biology lessons the symbiosis between plants and animals of the rainforest were worked out by searching the Internet. Flyers with profiles of rainforest animals were produced. We also discussed the ecotourism project "RICANCIE" in Ecuador using fact sheets. "RICANCIE" is a Spanish acronym standing for "Indigenous Community Network of the Upper Napo for Intercultural Exchange and Ecotourism". It was founded in 1993 aiming to improve the quality of life for some 200 indigenous Kichwa families

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