Recherche sur l'adaptation aux changements climatiques

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Corey Piccioni

consortiums travaillent dans des zones vulnérables aux changements climatiques en Afrique et en Asie, notamment dans les bassins hydrographiques alimentés .... Le projet de recherche Pathways to Resilience in Semi-Arid Economies (PRISE) vise à réduire les risques et à opti- miser les possibilités de développement ...

: tous les projets | Page 465 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: CHILDREN, RECRUITMENT, MILITARY SERVICE, PEACE RESEARCH, CONFLICT RESOLUTION. Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia. Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 100,000.00. Enfants soldats. Projet. La participation des enfants aux ...

kenya : tous les projets | Page 9 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

efficacité des interventions à caractère électronique pour ce qui est de relier les agriculteurs africains aux marchés (eARN Africa). Projet. Les études semblent indiquer que les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) comportent ...

Projet FRéGAlim. Quelles incitations pour favoriser la réduction du gaspillage alimentaire en foyer : information et sensibilisation ou modification d’éléments de l’offre (promotions) ?

OpenAIRE

Balaine, Lorraine; Dyen, Margot; Le Borgne, Guillaume; Rivière, Madline; Sebbane, Maxime; Sirieix, Lucie

2016-01-01

L’objectif de ce projet est d’analyser l’efficacité d’incitations qui visent à réduire le gaspillage en foyer, pour proposer des pistes d’action. Ce projet s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux campagnes de communication d’une part, et aux incitations relatives aux offres promotionnelles d’autre part. Plusieurs enquêtes et travaux scientifiques ont montré qu’en moyenne les personnes interrogées estiment gaspiller moins que leurs concitoyens. Cette sous-estimation de son propre gaspillage s...

: tous les projets | Page 570 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Turkey, Zambia, Poland, South Africa. Programme: Emploi et croissance. Financement total : CA$ 677,200.00. Modernisation des marchés agroalimentaires - inclusion des petits exploitants aux marchés dynamiques. Projet. Les marchés agroalimentaires connaissent de rapides ...

: tous les projets | Page 106 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet de recherche permettra à des femmes, des hommes et des enfants pauvres et vulnérables de faire face et de s'adapter aux changements climatiques dans la région asiatique de l'Hindu Kush-Himalaya. Sujet: ADAPTATION. Région: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Netherlands, Pakistan. Programme: Climate Change.

Prévention du crime grâce aux pratiques communautaires au ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Selon les chiffres compilés par la police et l'ombudsman des droits de la personne, ... L'Association internationale de ressources en eau (IWRA), en étroite ... un accord de coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets de ...

Voir tous les projets | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet de recherche permettra à des femmes, des hommes et des enfants pauvres et vulnérables de faire face et de s'adapter aux changements climatiques dans la région asiatique de l'Hindu Kush-Himalaya. Sujet(s): ADAPTATION. Région(s): Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan. Financement total : CA$ 13,500,000.00.

Ghana : tous les projets | Page 3 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 62,000.00. Recherche et renforcement des capacités au chapitre de l'adaptation aux changements climatiques au Ghana. Projet. L'Afrique subsaharienne est la région la plus gravement touchée par les changements climatiques; or, elle dispose ...

: tous les projets | Page 273 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: HIV, AIDS, PROPHYLAXIS, VACCINES, VACCINATION, Immunization. Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Benin. Programme: Santé des mères et des enfants. Financement total : CA$ 369,100.00. Mise en place des préalables aux essais randomisés d'interventions préventives du VIH au Bénin. Projet.

Mise en place d'un réseau d'adaptation aux changements ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet a pour objectif de concevoir un mécanisme de gestion des risques accrus liés aux changements climatiques en appliquant le principe reconnu des ... Adaptation to Climate Change: Stakeholder engagement and understanding impacts - International Council for Local Environment Initiatives (ICLEI) (Section 21).

Les projets des jeunes ruraux : des stratégies diversifiées pour accéder au foncier et obtenir l’appui de l’Etat

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhour Bouzidi

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Les initiatives publiques au Maroc n’offrent que très peu d’appuis spécifiquement dédiés aux jeunes ruraux. Cependant, certains jeunes réussissent à bénéficier de financements publics, tels que l’Initiative Nationale pour le Développement Humain ou le pilier II du Plan Maroc Vert, pour réaliser leurs projets. L’objectif de cet article est de caractériser la diversité des stratégies mises en place par ces jeunes pour accéder à l’appui de l’État. Nous avons pris l’exemple de l’accès au foncier, qui constitue une des obstacles auxquels sont confrontés les jeunes ruraux. Nous avons identifié trois types de projets : i des projets sans accès au foncier ; ii des projets où les jeunes s’arrangent avec un propriétaire de terre pour accéder au foncier ; et iii des projets où les jeunes sécurisent un droit propre d’accès au foncier. Si l’accès sécurisé au foncier permet aux jeunes d’obtenir une marge de manoeuvre importante dans la conception de leurs projets, en revanche leur autonomie est réduite pour les projets avec un accès négocié à la terre. Ce faisant, les projets hors sol constituent une voie de contournement de la contrainte foncière, mais font face à un ensemble de problèmes spécifiques. Bien que l’appui de l’État ne soit accessible qu’à peu de jeunes, les projets analysés créent des opportunités d’emploi et permettent de renforcer l’attachement des jeunes au milieu rural. Enfin, cet article propose des pistes pour améliorer l’accès des jeunes aux ressources productives (terre, eau, capital et mettre en place un appui efficient et adapté à leurs ambitions et leurs projets.

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Perception du risque et vulnérabilité des milieux humides sur la côte atlantique de l'Amérique du Sud. Projet ... Programme: Climate Change ... Les entrepreneurs migrants représentent une force appréciable au sein du secteur non structuré en Afrique australe; or, leur rôle demeure bien souvent invisible aux yeux des ...

Brazil : tous les projets | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet vise à contribuer à la résilience de l'agriculture aux changements climatiques au Costa Rica et au Brésil en élaborant des stratégies plus durables de gestion des ... La lutte contre l'inégalité en ligne : Mettre les plateformes numériques au service du développement inclusif ... Programme: Governance and Justice.

Renforcement de la capacité d'adaptation aux changements ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet vise à améliorer les mesures incitatives et les possibilités qui s'offrent aux ménages du sud de la Zambie et du sud-ouest du Zimbabwe pour composer avec les changements climatiques. Pour ce faire, les responsables investiront dans des technologies de production améliorées d'une grande valeur pratique ...

Aquaculture intérieure et adaptation aux changements climatiques ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet porte sur l'élevage du tilapia dans de petits étangs fermiers ou des cages flottantes dans les rivières et les réservoirs du nord de la Thaïlande. Les chercheurs exploreront des façons d'adapter les pratiques aquacoles aux changements climatiques et analyseront la valeur de l'aquaculture comme stratégie ...

: tous les projets | Page 59 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet formera jusqu'à 36 nouveaux leaders en matière de changements climatiques dans le domaine du financement de l'adaptation, qui soutient les efforts visant à s'adapter aux répercussions des changements climatiques. Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, North and ...

Peru : tous les projets | Page 2 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Dans le cadre de ce projet, on étudiera les efforts déployés par le secteur privé pour améliorer la conformité aux lois contre la corruption en Amérique latine. Sujet: CORRUPTION. Région: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru. Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 622,300.00.

: tous les projets | Page 528 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Programme: Santé des mères et des enfants. Financement total : CA$ 2,758,665.00. Adaptation aux changements climatiques dans deux collectivités rurales du Maroc (en plaine et en montagne). Projet. Les collectivités les plus pauvres et les plus marginalisées au Maroc se trouvent dans des régions arides et semi-arides.

: tous les projets | Page 349 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Programme: Climate Change. Financement total : CA$ 1,486,000.00. Les SIG-P au service d'une gestion durable des ressources naturelles et de la sécurité alimentaire en Afrique. Projet. Les pays africains ont besoin de données convenables aux fins de la formulation et de la mise en oeuvre de politiques et de stratégies ...

Renforcement des droits fonciers communautaires et réactions aux ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

De telles menaces qui planent sur les droits fonciers et environnementaux des collectivités sont un indice de tensions plus grandes au sein de l'appareil d'État et du système de justice. Dans ce ... Des droits internationaux aux pratiques locales : la réforme constitutionnelle et la participation en Amérique latine. Ce projet ...

Pérou : tous les projets | Page 2 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Dans le cadre de ce projet, on étudiera les efforts déployés par le secteur privé pour améliorer la conformité aux lois contre la corruption en Amérique latine. Sujet: CORRUPTION. Région: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru. Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 622,300.00.

Le projet Petits Films : du retour aux participants à la valorisation des données

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Piccoli Vanessa

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En 2014, au sein du laboratoire ICAR (équipe InSitu / Cellule Corpus Complexe un projet appelé “Petits Films” a été conduit avec une double finalité : confectionner des petits films à partir de trois différents corpus et parallèlement mener une réflexion sur les modalités de réalisation, les finalités et les contraintes de ce type de réalisation. On considère que dans le domaine de l’analyse conversationnelle, dans lequel les chercheurs recourent de plus en plus à des corpus de données vidéo, la réalisation d’un petit film peut représenter non seulement un retour pour les participants, mais aussi un moyen de valorisation du corpus, d’un type d’approche en linguistique et plus largement de l’activité du laboratoire de recherche. Grâce à leur forme agréable et à leur courte durée, les petits films sont conçus pour la diffusion et la valorisation des méthodologies et des recherches, ils sont accessibles pour un large public, même de non-experts. Cependant, il est nécessaire de réfléchir aux questions juridiques et déontologiques que soulève cette opération.

De la recherche aux politiques - Établissement de liens entre l ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La recherche sur les changements climatiques et leurs effets sur les populations vulnérables est assez avancée en Afrique australe. Toutefois, il y a peu de transfert des connaissances des scientifiques aux responsables des politiques. Ce projet vise à faciliter la traduction des résultats de la recherche en politiques de ...

Réponse équilibrée aux besoins en eau dans le bassin du Saïss au ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

ACCA

par les changements climatiques. Ce projet du programme ACCA met l'accent sur l'agriculture, à l'origine de plus de 82 % de la consommation d'eau dans le bassin. Réponse équilibrée aux besoins en eaudans le bassin du Saïss au Maroc. De petits exploitants agricoles du bassin du Saïss font face aux pénuries d'eau ...

PEDAGOGIE PAR PROJET: UNE ÉTUDE DE CAS DANS L'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR TECHNOLOGIQUE

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Ngo van Thien

Full Text Available Cet article rapporte les résultats d'un questionnaire proposé aux étudiants d'une formation d'enseignement supérieur technologique en génie électrique et informatique industrielle. L'objectif de ce questionnaire est d'évaluer le profit que les étudiants ont retiré d'un enseignement des techniques de gestion de projet, et l'utilisation qu'ils en ont fait, d'une part au cours d'une série de travaux pratiques utilisant la pédagogie par projet, d'autre part au cours de leur stage de fin d'études en entreprise.

: tous les projets | Page 382 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 213,300.00. Gestion axée sur la demande en vue de l'adaptation à la rareté de l'eau et aux changements climatiques dans le bassin du Saïss (Maroc). Projet. Le bassin du Saïss est un sous-bassin versant du bassin du Sebou, situé dans le nord du Maroc.

Accelerated delivery of hydro electrical projects; Livraison acceleree des projets hydroelectriques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benjannet, Hassine; Bechard, Normand

2010-09-15

Hydro electrical projects, as other energy projects, must transform in order to adapt to current market demands. This article describes the solutions developed during the construction of the Eastmain-1-A power plant in order to speed up its delivery and to reduce the costs. These solutions include, more comprehensive land investigations, the simplification of excavation contours, the refit or elimination of certain work spaces, the addition of a second access during construction, the simplification of the formworks, the improvement of work zones access and especially the use of prefabricated elements. [French] Les projets hydroelectriques, comme les autres projets energetiques, doivent subir des transformations pour s'adapter aux exigences actuelles du marche. Cet article presente les solutions mises en oeuvre pour la construction de la Centrale de l'Eastmain-1-A en vue d'en accelerer la livraison et d'en reduire le cout. Ces solutions comprennent, entre autres des investigations de terrain plus approfondies, la simplification des contours d'excavations, le reamenagement ou l'elimination de certains locaux, l'addition d'un deuxieme acces pendant la construction, la simplification des coffrages, l'amelioration des acces aux zones de travail et surtout l'utilisation d'elements prefabriques.

Projet pilote sur la stimulation du commerce des services au Moyen ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Projet pilote sur la stimulation du commerce des services au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord. Si certaines régions en développement ont réussi à s'intégrer aux chaînes de production mondiales, la région du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord ne participe encore à l'économie mondiale que par des activités simples et ...

Choix de consultants extérieurs pour les projets secondaires

CERN Document Server

Yourassoff, L

1998-01-01

Les "petits projets" sont généralement inférieurs à 200 KCHF et techniquement peuvent être très variés: installation de monorails dans des structures existantes, construction de fosses transformateurs, d'abris de stockage, de murs de soutènement, modification ou extension de bâtiments existants. Il reste à constater qu'à l'origine la définition par l'utilisateur est souvent incomplète. Par manque de personnel et pour la réalisation de certains "petits projets" le Groupe Génie Civil doit faire appel à l'assistance d'architectes ou de bureaux d'ingénieurs spécialisés, tels que béton armé, charpente métallique, géotechnique. Le bureau d'ingénieurs mandaté doit pouvoir fournir, dans des délais généralement très courts, les prestations suivantes: mise au point et finalisation du projet en accord avec le CERN, établissement des plans d'exécution et textes de soumission, surveillance des travaux, expertises diverses. Un mode de règlement des honoraires adapté aux conditions du march�...

Appel à notes conceptuelles pour le projet de recherche sur l'égalité ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

7 août 2017 ... Cet appel est ouvert aux équipes de chercheurs établis au Myanmar et ayant une expertise et une expérience en économie, en finances publiques, en sexospécificité, en sciences politiques et en autres sciences sociales connexes. L'équipe pluridisciplinaire sera dirigée par un chargé de projet local ou ...

TIC pour un accès équitable aux ressources humaines en sante en ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet vise à mieux comprendre comment les TIC peuvent faciliter la distribution équitable des ressources humaines en santé en renforçant et consolidant des activités ... Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC) pour un Accès équitable aux Ressources Humaines en santé qualifiées, motivées et bien ...

Méthodologie pratique pour spécifier un projet de recherche. : Séminaire du Master LLCER-CIM (Communication, Information et nouveaux Médias) - INALCO, Paris.

OpenAIRE

Stockinger, Peter

2016-01-01

Master; Dans ce support sont présentés et discutés les deux points suivants :1) La spécification (définition) systématique d'un projet de recherche à l'aide d’une grille d'une quinzaine de questions.2) L'anatomie d'un projet de recherche étape par étape.Ce support a été conçu et réalisé afin de fournir une aide concrète aux étudiants en sciences humaines et sociales de niveau M1 ou M2 pour définir, mettre en place et réaliser un projet de recherche.

Droit et accès des femmes à l'eau et aux systèmes d'assainissement ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2 mai 2012 ... Axe de recherche Le projet vise à améliorer les services d'approvisionnement en eau et d'assainissement fournis aux femmes vivant dans les collectivités à faible revenu de New Delhi, de même qu'à favoriser de meilleurs rapports entre les habitants et les administrations locales.

Perception des risques liés aux changements climatiques dans les ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

4 sept. 2014 ... L'équipe du projet Perception du risque et vulnérabilité des milieux humides sur la côte atlantique de l'Amérique du Sud, qui a commencé en 2012, privilégie une démarche de gestion intégrée des zones côtières et s'appuie sur les perceptions que les parties prenantes ont des risques liés aux ...

Recours aux TIC pour résoudre les problèmes d'eau en Ouganda ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) peuvent grandement aider les collectivités à se préparer et à s'adapter aux effets des changements climatiques. Divers projets rendent compte de l'utilité de recourir à de nouvelles technologies (telles que le téléphone mobile) et à des technologies classiques ...

Recours aux TIC pour résoudre les problèmes d'eau en Ouganda ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

15 janv. 2012 ... Les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) peuvent grandement aider les collectivités à se préparer et à s'adapter aux effets des changements climatiques. Divers projets rendent compte de l'utilité de recourir à de nouvelles technologies (telles que le téléphone mobile) et à des ...

Amélioration de la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle aux ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les écoles offrent des voies stratégiques et ciblées pour fournir une alimentation nutritive aux enfants et, indirectement, à leurs familles et leurs collectivités. Un projet de recherche d'une durée de trois ans (de 2012 à 2015) a mis au point et à l'essai un modèle de nutrition intégrée en milieu scolaire comprenant du ...

Approche concertée en matière de lutte contre la violence faite aux ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Un projet antérieur (no 104346) avait permis au North East Network (NEN), en collaboration avec les services de santé et les forces de l'ordre de l'État du Meghalaya, de consigner les points de vue sur la violence faite aux femmes dans ces deux secteurs. En se fondant sur les constatations ayant émané de la recherche, ...

Recent Advances in Long Range and Long Endurance Operation of Aircraft (Les Progres Recents dans le Domaine des Operations Aeriennes a Longue Distance et de Longdue Duree)

Science.gov (United States)

1993-11-01

decargur rayon 00 . d’ctonsi(y colmpri Ca misson de auconoyages vde ), respeciement pordes cargois locu uour du [5mon,(igd3a et 2d0es00 00 pons6ur le c...volumineux, done Cependant, les flottes d’avions cargos sp~cialises impossibles A transporter par voje terrestre . Cest grace disponibles ou en projet hi court...n’importe quel point du classiqlue de m~me capacite et m~mes performances monde), et aussi par rapport aux transports terrestres (WB-900), due A une

Politique de libre accès aux extrants des projets financés par le CRDI

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La documentation grise doit être versée à la Bibliothèque numérique du CRDI. Tous les extrants de projet mentionnés ci-dessus sont accessibles librement et sans frais en vertu d'une licence Attribution de Creative Commons (CC BY). Les propositions de recherche présentées au CRDI doivent comprendre un plan de ...

Projet ViscoMatData

OpenAIRE

ENGUENG,; ABIB,

2009-01-01

ViscoMatData est un logiciel extranet d'une gestion d'une base de données multilingue sur les propriétés des matériaux viscoélastiques des chaussées. Ce rapport constitue l'un des livrables de la deuxième partie de ce projet. Pour présenter le travail réalisé durant cette deuxième partie, nous commencerons par faire un rappel sur le contexte du projet et le projet et le projet lui-même. Puis, nous nous intéresserons à l'architecture mise en place pour le développement, la réalisation et nous ...

Renforcement des capacités d'évaluation et de communication en ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Enfin, des produits de communication seront mis au point en vue de transmettre ces enseignements concrets aux praticiens, aux chercheurs et aux responsables des politiques. Projet nᵒ. 107064. État du projet. Actif. Durée. 48 mois. Agent(e) responsable du CRDI. Matthew Smith. Financement total. CAD$ 728,060. Pays.

Les nouvelles perspectives d'analyse spatiale des nuisances sonores. Le projet SIGAUR (Système d'Information Géographique et Acoustique URbaine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erwan Quesseveur

1999-06-01

Full Text Available Ce rapport présente un projet de recherche sur l’intégration d’une couche d’information de nuisances acoustiques dans un système d’information géographique.Après un développement sur l’état de la pollution et des moyens aujourd’hui en vigueur pour la combattre, on va montrer les nouvelles perspectives offertes pour l’analyse spatiale du bruit. En confrontant cette nuisance aux enjeux du territoire, elle peut devenir un véritable critère de décision en aménagement du territoire.Ce projet résulte d’une collaboration entre le Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment C.S.T.B. et l’équipe " S.I.G. " de l'Institut de Géographie Alpine (IGA

PVM-GRACE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yuasa, F.; Perret-Gallix, D.; Kawabata, S.; Ishikawa, T.

1997-01-01

We have implemented PVM in GRACE: an automatic Feynman diagram computation package, to benefit from the available CPU power distributed over a cluster of workstations as well as from a massive parallel machine. It is clearly shown that PVM-GRACE gives excellent performance in terms of reduction of elapsed time when the network overhead is kept small as compared to the processing time. (orig.)

Participation du secteur de la sécurité privé aux conflits et aux ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

En 2006, l'Institute for Security Studies (ISS) a entrepris un projet portant sur la réglementation du secteur de la sécurité privé en Afrique, financé par le CRDI dans le cadre du projet no 103396. Ce projet était axé sur le secteur de la sécurité privé en Afrique du Sud, en République démocratique du Congo et en Ouganda.

Economy and Grace

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Else Marie Wiberg

2015-01-01

Luther develops his idea the grace of God in tandem with his idea of economy, and a society characterized by ethical and social values such as love of neighbour and caring for the poor. Hence, the reformer's search for a gracious God is developed along with his criticism of the current indulgence...... doctrine and the emerging 'oeconomia moderna'. Thus, building on a simul gratia et oeconomia, grace and economy simultaneously, Luther's reformation theology can be perceived as te intersection of an economy of grace and a horizontal social economy (works of love) in quotidian life that together constitute...

Le développement de projets en Bolivie

OpenAIRE

Maes, Sandrine; Maes, Jeremy; Rey, Jean-Charles

2007-01-01

Ce mémoire traite des projets, de leur développement. Qu’est-ce qu’un projet ? Comment est-il créé ? Le développement de projet est un domaine complexe. Au fil des pages, nous présentons une définition du projet, ainsi que deux manières différentes de le conduire. Ce mémoire parle également de la Bolivie. Nous y découvrirons une autre culture, une autre manière de penser, d’agir, de vivre. Dans ce travail, nous tentons de mettre en évidence comment le développement de projet s’insère da...

Les nouvelles formes de la communication autour des projets urbains : modalités, impacts, enjeux pour un débat participatif

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hélène Bailleul

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Dans cet article, nous observons les évolutions que l’usage des nouvelles technologies implique dans la communication autour des projets urbains. Notre analyse des nouvelles modalités qu’Internet a pu importer dans la participation des habitants aux projets urbains (partie 1 nous pousse à observer, plus spécifiquement, les modifications qui ont trait, dans ce contexte, à la nature et au statut de l’information sur l’espace. La démocratisation des techniques de représentation de l’espace par ordinateur (3D, simulation entraîne le recours quasi systématique à des images virtuelles du projet, d’une grande qualité (partie 2, mais dont on ne connaît que très peu les impacts sur la perception et la réception que les habitants font du projet (partie 3.In this article, we observe the evolutions involved by the use of new technology in the communication around urban projects. Our analysis of the new modalities, Internet was able to import in the participation of inhabitants in urban projects (chapter 1 urges us to examine, more specifically, the modifications concerning the nature and the status of the information about space. The democratization of computer-based spatial representation’s tools (3D, simulation entails more and more systematic recourse to virtual images of the project, with high definition (chapter 2. But, nowadays, we still know little about their impacts on the perception and the reception, the inhabitants make of the project (chapter 3.

GRACE Status at Mission End

Science.gov (United States)

Tapley, B. D.; Flechtner, F. M.; Watkins, M. M.; Bettadpur, S. V.

2017-12-01

The twin satellites of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) were launched on March 17, 2002 and have operated for nearly 16 years. The mission objectives are to observe the spatial and temporal variations of the Earth's mass through its effects on the gravity field at the GRACE satellite altitude. The mass changes observed are related to both the changes within the solid earth and the change within and between the Erath system components. A significant cause of the time varying mass is water motion and the GRACE mission has provided a continuous decade long measurement sequence which characterizes the seasonal cycle of mass transport between the oceans, land, cryosphere and atmosphere; its inter-annual variability; and the climate driven secular, or long period, mass transport signals. The fifth reanalysis on the mission data set, the RL05 data, were released in mid-2013. With the planned launch of GRACE Follow-On in early 2018, plans are underway for a reanalysis that will be consistent with the GRACE FO processing standards. The mission is entering the final phases of its operation life with mission end expected to occur in early 2018. The current mission operations strategy emphasizes extending the mission lifetime to obtain an overlap with the GRACE FO. This presentation will review the mission status and the projections for mission lifetime, describe the current operations philosophy and its impact on the science data, discuss the issues related to achieving the GRACE and GRACE FO connection and discuss issues related to science data products during this phase of the mission period.

Participation des agriculteurs à la conception d’un projet de reconversion à l’irrigation localisée dans le périmètre du Tadla

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maha Hadioui

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Les périmètres de grande hydraulique au Maroc utilisent pour l’essentiel l’irrigation gravitaire ou l’aspersion. Dans ces périmètres, plusieurs projets pilotes de reconversion collective à l’irrigation localisée sont en cours. Nous avons mené une étude sur la participation des agriculteurs à la conception d’un projet pilote dans le périmètre du Tadla. Le projet ne prévoyait pas initialement de gérer l’aménagement de l’irrigation localisée au niveau des parcelles, mais cet aspect a été inclus par la suite. Les associations d’usagers de l’eau ont été redynamisées, avec notamment la nomination de chefs de bloc, qui doivent jouer le rôle d’intermédiaires entre les agriculteurs et le conseil d’administration. De nombreuses réunions d’information et de coordination ont été organisées. Ces différentes initiatives ont permis une bonne qualité de dialogue entre une minorité d’agriculteurs et les acteurs de développement en charge du projet. Cependant, une majorité d’agriculteurs n’ont pas ou peu participé aux réunions et aux visites de formation sur l’irrigation localisée, et ce, pour trois principales raisons : 1 une majorité des exploitations enquêtées sont gérées par plusieurs héritiers qui exploitent de façon indépendante des lots séparés, mais utilisent la même borne et ainsi sont peu visibles pour l’administration ; 2 l’absence de définition initiale d’une méthode explicite pour s’assurer d’une large participation ; et 3 le rôle limité qu’a joué les associations d’irrigants dans la circulation de l’information. Malgré ces limites, l’expérience a aussi été un lieu important d’apprentissage pour l’ensemble des acteurs, avec une amélioration progressive des conditions et résultats de la participation des agriculteurs.

Progress towards CSR RL06 GRACE gravity solutions

Science.gov (United States)

Save, Himanshu

2017-04-01

The GRACE project plans to re-processes the GRACE mission data in order to be consistent with the first gravity products released by the GRACE-FO project. The next generation Release-06 (RL06) gravity products from GRACE will include the improvements in GRACE Level-1 data products, background gravity models and the processing methodology. This paper will outline the planned improvements for CSR - RL06 and discuss the preliminary results. This paper will discuss the evolution of the quality of the GRACE solutions, especially over the past few years. We will also discuss the possible challenges we may face in connecting/extending the measurements of mass fluxes from the GRACE era to the GRACE-FO era due quality of the GRACE solutions from recent years.

Grace and Courtesy and Beyond

Science.gov (United States)

Schaefer, Pat

2015-01-01

Taking up the cause of grace and courtesy across the planes of education, Pat Schaefer tells of the grace and courtesy of successive planes within a school culture and gives a glimpse of how the Montessori vision of a new society can look. Grace and courtesy go well beyond the practice of manners and into the topic of deep observation and…

La participation des personnes utilisatrices aux exercices de planification et d'organisation des services de santé mentale au Québec

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michèle Clément

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Cet article documente la manière dont s'est renouvelé et s'est transformé au fil du temps le projet de faire participer les usagers aux exercices de planification et d'organisation des services de santé mentale au Québec (Canada. Pour ce faire, les auteurs reviennent sur l'ensemble des documents ministériels qui ont traité de cette question et dégage, pour les principaux moment-clés, les principales modalités de participation des usagers.

Further results on super graceful labeling of graphs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gee-Choon Lau

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Let G=(V(G,E(G be a simple, finite and undirected graph of order p and size q. A bijection f:V(G∪E(G→{k,k+1,k+2,…,k+p+q−1} such that f(uv=|f(u−f(v| for every edge uv∈E(G is said to be a k-super graceful labeling of G. We say G is k-super graceful if it admits a k-super graceful labeling. For k=1, the function f is called a super graceful labeling and a graph is super graceful if it admits a super graceful labeling. In this paper, we study the super gracefulness of complete graph, the disjoint union of certain star graphs, the complete tripartite graphs K(1,1,n, and certain families of trees. We also present four methods of constructing new super graceful graphs. In particular, all trees of order at most 7 are super graceful. We conjecture that all trees are super graceful.

Intégration des sexospécificités et de l'équité aux recherches et aux ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le CRDI lance un nouveau projet dans la région de l'ANASE. L'honorable Chrystia Freeland, ministre du Commerce international, a annoncé le lancement d'un nouveau projet financé par le Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI). Voir davantageLe CRDI lance un nouveau projet dans la région ...

GRACE with FORM

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujimoto, J.; Ishikawa, T.; Kato, K.; Kaneko, T.; Nakazawa, N..; Shimizu, Y.; Vermaseren, J.; Yasui, Y.

2006-01-01

A new version of GRACE/1-loop, a system for the automatic calculation of 1-loop Feynman diagrams, has been developed after the replacement of its symbolic manipulation engine from REDUCE to FORM. This enables us the efficient memory management that is essential for the handling of a tremendous number of Feynman diagrams, so that the performance of GRACE/1-loop is significantly improved as demonstrated in the text

Fondements du projet urbain ; enjeux et processus

OpenAIRE

Tabouret , René

1989-01-01

Ce rapport retrace l’émergence et la formalisation progressive du concept de projet urbain dans le cadre de l’Ecole d’Architecture de Strasbourg sur une décennie (1978-1988), à l’épreuve de projets contrastés (villes de Mulhouse, St Denis, Strasbourg) et de la participation au Seminario Internazionale de Arquitectura Contemporanea (sessions de Barcelone, Naples et Belfort). La projet urbain y est identifié comme ‘intervention dans le processus complexe de (trans)formation de la ville’ ; ceci ...

Ocean tides in GRACE monthly averaged gravity fields

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Knudsen, Per

2003-01-01

The GRACE mission will map the Earth's gravity fields and its variations with unprecedented accuracy during its 5-year lifetime. Unless ocean tide signals and their load upon the solid earth are removed from the GRACE data, their long period aliases obscure more subtle climate signals which GRACE...... aims at. In this analysis the results of Knudsen and Andersen (2002) have been verified using actual post-launch orbit parameter of the GRACE mission. The current ocean tide models are not accurate enough to correct GRACE data at harmonic degrees lower than 47. The accumulated tidal errors may affect...... the GRACE data up to harmonic degree 60. A study of the revised alias frequencies confirm that the ocean tide errors will not cancel in the GRACE monthly averaged temporal gravity fields. The S-2 and the K-2 terms have alias frequencies much longer than 30 days, so they remain almost unreduced...

Contributions of GRACE to Climate Monitoring

Science.gov (United States)

Rodell, Matthew; Famiglietti, James; Chambers, Don P.; Wahr, John

2011-01-01

The NASA/German Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) was launched in March 2002. Rather than looking downward, GRACE continuously monitors the locations of and precise distance between twin satellites which orbit in tandem about 200 km apart. Variations in mass near Earth's surface cause heterogeneities in its gravity field, which in turn affect the orbits of satellites. Thus scientists can use GRACE data to map Earth's gravity field with enough accuracy to discern month to month changes caused by ocean circulation and redistribution of water stored on and in the land. Other gravitational influences, such as atmospheric circulation, post-glacial rebound, and solid earth movements are either independently determined and removed or are negligible on a monthly to sub-decadal timescale. Despite its coarse spatial (>150,000 sq km at mid-latitudes) and temporal (approx monthly) resolutions, GRACE has enabled significant advancements in the oceanic, hydrologic, and cryospheric science, and has great potential for climate monitoring, because it is the only global observing system able to measure ocean bottom pressures, total terrestrial water storage, and ice mass changes. The best known GRACE results are estimates of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheet loss rates. Previously, scientists had estimated ice mass losses using ground and satellite based altimetry and surface mass balance estimates based on snowfall accumulation and glacier discharge. While such measurements are still very useful for their spatial detail, they are imperfectly correlated with large-scale ice mass changes, due to snow and ice compaction and incomplete spatial coverage. GRACE enables scientists to generate monthly time series of Greenland and Antarctic ice mass, which have confirmed the shrinking of the polar ice sheets, one of the most obvious and indisputable manifestations of climate change. Further, GRACE has located and quantified hot spots of ice loss in southeastern Greenland and

Les stratégies des investisseurs : des bords de ville aux bords de mer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sophie Cueille

2004-03-01

Full Text Available L’architecture de la villégiature a un prix. Construire des villes nouvelles, qu’elles soient balnéaires, thermales ou périurbaines, induit la mise en place de réseaux ferroviaires et viaires, d’édifices dévolus à la détente, les soins ou les jeux, d’hôtels et de maisons. Quels sont les investisseurs qui engagent d’importants financements en ces lieux ? Personnages de la vie politique, industrielle et bancaire, le plus souvent parisiens, tous se saisissent des besoins de la nouvelle société bourgeoise montante, consommatrice de loisirs dès le milieu du XIXe siècle. Si certains projets peuvent être initialement teintés d’une certaine forme de philanthropie, toutes les opérations deviennent très vite de véritables entreprises lucratives. Sociétés civiles en tous genres, concessions et affermages, les formules d’investissement s’adaptent au produit où souvent se mêlent intérêts publics et privés. La réussite de tels projets suscite également le financement de campagnes publicitaires importantes : journaux, affiches et guides sont publiés pour faire accourir la clientèle visée et ainsi rapporter aux investisseurs les profits escomptés.

Situation a-didactique et dispositif d’apprentissage instrumenté : cas de construction de projets de service

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernard Coulibaly

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Dans cette contribution nous tentons d’analyser une situation didactique instrumentée sur une plate forme d’apprentissage à distance, situation dans laquelle des étudiants de Master 2 professionnel sont invités à réaliser un projet de service fictif. Cet apprentissage s’opère en groupe de 3 à 4 étudiants et vise l’acquisition de compétences en matière de conduite de projet de service dans le domaine de l’ingénierie en milieu socio-éducatif. L’article analyse, à partir des traces d’interaction, le processus de construction de ces savoir-faire en management de projet. Il met en évidence les stratégies de contournement et d’adaptation que les ��tudiants élaborent pour échapper aux contraintes d’une situation didactique fondée sur un dispositif pédagogique instrumenté .Il permet ainsi de comprendre le rôle que des apprenants peuvent jouer dans la conception d’une situation didactique.In this paper we analyze an instrumented didactic situation that takes place on a distance learning platform. In this situation students in a professional master’s degree curriculum are invited to create a fictitious service project. They have to achieve this task in groups of 3 to 4 students. The task aims at making students acquire competences in terms of project management in the field of educational engineering. The article analyzes the process of building these skills in project management from traces of interaction. It highlights the strategies of circumvention and adaptation that students develop to escape the constraints of a teaching situation based on an instrumented educational device. It helps understand the role that learners can play in the design of a teaching situation.

Grace and Courtesy: Empowering Children, Liberating Adults

Science.gov (United States)

Sackett, Ginni

2015-01-01

Ginni Sackett delves into the many implications of grace and courtesy, from social relations and the basis of community to respect for the child's personality. Her point of departure is modern social living with grace and dignity. Hers is an exploration over two generations of seeing grace and courtesy as a comprehensive social view that is the…

High-resolution CSR GRACE RL05 mascons

Science.gov (United States)

Save, Himanshu; Bettadpur, Srinivas; Tapley, Byron D.

2016-10-01

The determination of the gravity model for the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) is susceptible to modeling errors, measurement noise, and observability issues. The ill-posed GRACE estimation problem causes the unconstrained GRACE RL05 solutions to have north-south stripes. We discuss the development of global equal area mascon solutions to improve the GRACE gravity information for the study of Earth surface processes. These regularized mascon solutions are developed with a 1° resolution using Tikhonov regularization in a geodesic grid domain. These solutions are derived from GRACE information only, and no external model or data is used to inform the constraints. The regularization matrix is time variable and will not bias or attenuate future regional signals to some past statistics from GRACE or other models. The resulting Center for Space Research (CSR) mascon solutions have no stripe errors and capture all the signals observed by GRACE within the measurement noise level. The solutions are not tailored for specific applications and are global in nature. This study discusses the solution approach and compares the resulting solutions with postprocessed results from the RL05 spherical harmonic solutions and other global mascon solutions for studies of Arctic ice sheet processes, ocean bottom pressure variation, and land surface total water storage change. This suite of comparisons leads to the conclusion that the mascon solutions presented here are an enhanced representation of the RL05 GRACE solutions and provide accurate surface-based gridded information that can be used without further processing.

Status of CSR RL06 GRACE reprocessing and preliminary results

Science.gov (United States)

Save, H.

2017-12-01

The GRACE project plans to re-processes the GRACE mission data in order to be consistent with the first gravity products released by the GRACE-FO project. The RL06 reprocessing will harmonize the GRACE time-series with the first release of GRACE-FO. This paper catalogues the changes in the upcoming RL06 release and discusses the quality improvements as compared to the current RL05 release. The processing and parameterization changes as compared to the current release are also discussed. This paper discusses the evolution of the quality of the GRACE solutions and characterize the errors over the past few years. The possible challenges associated with connecting the GRACE time series with that from GRACE-FO are also discussed.

Participation en projets et dissonance cognitive des beneficiaires en ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Participation en projets et dissonance cognitive des beneficiaires en Afrique : la symbolique des paradoxes de la double contrainte institutionnelle dans la mise en oeuvre d'un projet de developpement au Benin.

The Light and the Grace: Christian Metaphors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iacob COMAN

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Our present study continues to provide guidance and meaning for those who are open and have the courage to ask the kind of questions superior to reason. The acceptance of unreasonable realities expresses sometimes the portrait of a non-modern and superstitious man, a portrait dismantled by the contemporary science in order to get the assurance of control over the material and spiritual reality around us. However, the acceptance of unreasonable realities, born by the reason’s questions, expresses in other circumstances the access to super-reason and super-faith. The Light and the Grace from super-existence toward the human nature, and the implications these have, as a divine communication method and metaphors, and as a call to dialogic sharing with the Divine, are the objects of our present study. Super-reason and super-faith can and must characterize also the modern man. The Light and the Grace express both the cause and the means; God who is Light and Grace does communicate Himself in a salvific manner through Light and Grace, and we, as destinations of Light and of Grace can communicate ourselves as Light and Grace to our neighbors.

Earthquake Signal Visible in GRACE Data

Science.gov (United States)

2005-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Figure1 This figure shows the effect of the December 2004 great Sumatra earthquake on the Earth's gravity field as observed by GRACE. The signal is expressed in terms of the relative acceleration of the two GRACE satellites, in this case a few nanometers per second squared, or about 1 billionth of the acceleration we experience everyday at the Earth's surface.GRACE observations show comparable signals in the region of the earthquake. Other natural variations are also apparent in the expected places, whereas no other significant change would be expected in the region of the earthquake GRACE, twin satellites launched in March 2002, are making detailed measurements of Earth's gravity field which will lead to discoveries about gravity and Earth's natural systems. These discoveries could have far-reaching benefits to society and the world's population.

La gouvernance des projets d’architecture : une typologie de la multi-organisation temporaire

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gonzalo Lizarralde

2010-11-01

éalisation des projets d’architecture est tributaire des caractéristiques propres à l’industrie du bâtiment; une industrie qui fonctionne grâce à la mise en place d’équipes temporaires formées par des organisations hautement spécialisées. L’analyse systémique d’études de cas permet d’identifier la complexité des équipes qui interviennent dans les projets d’architecture. Nous examinons dans cet article trois caractéristiques de l’industrie du bâtiment : (i la com- plexité organisationnelle du donneur d’ouvrage, (ii l’influence des parties prenantes, et (iii les divers niveaux de proximité entre l’architecte et les usagers. L’identification des diverses configurations organisationnelles met en évidence les effets de ces caractéristiques sur les relations formelles et informelles entre l’architecte et les donneurs d’ouvrage ainsi que celles entre toutes les parties prenantes. L’architecte est contraint de travailler sur un projet qui devient, de plus en plus, l’objet de négociation entre les diverses parties prenantes. Face à ce défi, il doit tenir compte de la complexité des relations entre tous les acteurs au sein du système social du projet et créer les scénarios adéquats à la participation, à la négociation et aux échanges entre eux.

Grace and Courtesy across the Planes of Development

Science.gov (United States)

Ludick, Pat

2015-01-01

Pat Ludick's commentary on grace and courtesy is established by a philosophical orientation to development: Grace is oriented to the life of the interior that is consciousness and being, and courtesy moves outward to daily living where civility reflects on success with human interactions. Pat's projected grace and courtesy across the planes is…

Résultats de recherche | Page 7 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet vise à établir et à mettre en œuvre un système de surveillance électronique pour la collecte et la déclaration de données normalisées sur la mortalité périnatale et néonatale dans quatre principaux hôpitaux de la Jordanie. Projet. Villes côtières en danger aux Philippines : investir dans la résilience face aux ...

Des filets à nuages sur la crête d'El Tofo | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

adaptation aux changements climatiques que le CRDI subventionne. Entretien avec…propose des entrevues vidéos avec des chercheurs participant à des projets portant sur l'adaptation aux changements climati.

Résultats de recherche | Page 15 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

En avril 2016, le Burkina Faso est devenu le premier pays africain à adopter une politique nationale visant à assurer la prestation de soins de santé universels et gratuits aux femmes enceintes, aux nouvelles mères et aux enfants de moins de cinq. Projet.

Résultats de recherche | Page 6 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

En avril 2016, le Burkina Faso est devenu le premier pays africain à adopter une politique nationale visant à assurer la prestation de soins de santé universels et gratuits aux femmes enceintes, aux nouvelles mères et aux enfants de moins de cinq. Projet ...

Le projet de recherche: définition, conduite et réalisation

OpenAIRE

Stockinger , Peter

2013-01-01

Master; Ce support de séminaire développe brièvement les quatre points suivants: 1) Définition d’un projet de recherche – présentation générale et recommandations. 2) La conduite d’un projet de recherche – présentation générale et recommandations. 3) La réalisation d’un projet de recherche sous forme d’un mémoire - présentation générale et recommandations. 4) Des ressources pour conduire un projet de recherche : ressources enligne et références bibliographiques.

Grace buys aquatic quimica to boost water treatment stake

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hunter, D.

1993-01-01

How W.R. Grace (Boca Raton, FL) president and newly appointed CEO J.P. Bolduc plans to expand Grace's core businesses following his drastic portfolio pruning during the past 18 months is a key question for Grace watchers. Grace's acquisition of $70-million/year water treatment firm Aquatec Quimica (Sao Paulo) is one indicator. Grace's $300-million/year Dearborn water treatment business is currently a weak number three [in the world market], and we want to be number one or number two, nothing less, Bolduc insists. The Aquatc buy meets his criterion of a synergistic and strategic acquisition with which he plans to expand the business, backed by more focused R ampersand D. Disposal last month of Homco oil field services operation, for $98.5 million, takes Bolduc toward his $500-million target for the year for asset sales. These totaled $1.1 billion at the end of 1992. The final tally will be more than the $1.5-billion target previously stated, Bolduc says, due to higher realizations on certain sales and additions to the list, including Grace Culinary and Colowyo Coal

Study of Extreme Weather Hazards Using GRACE

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Y.; Shum, C. K.; Shang, K.; Guo, J.; Schwartz, F. W.; Akyılmaz, O.; Feng, W.; Forootan, E.; LIU, G.; Zhong, M.

2017-12-01

Extreme weather events significantly affect humans and economics in the region. Synoptic and timely observations of these abrupt meteoro-hydrological hazards would benefit disaster management and improve storm forecasting. Contemporary processing of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) twin-satellite data at monthly sampling would miss or under-sample abrupt events such as large ice storms with durations much shorter than a month. Here, we employ the energy balance approach processing GRACE Level 1 data, which is flexible to allow sub-monthly solutions at daily sampling covering the genesis and evolution of large winter storms. We studied the 2008 Southeast China snow and ice storm, which lasted from mid-January to mid-February, and affected 21 out of China's 34 provinces with heavy snows, ice and freezing rains, caused extensive damage and transportation disruption, displaced nearly 1.7 million people, and claimed 129 lives. We also investigated the devastating North America blizzard which occurred during late January through mid-February 2010. The massive accumulations of snow and ice in both storms slightly changed the gravity field of the Earth, and were sensitive to the GRACE satellite measurements, manifested as transient terrestrial water storage (TWS) change. We compared our solutions with other available high temporal frequency GRACE solutions. The GRACE observed total storage change for both storms are in good agreement with in situ precipitation measurements, and with GRACE observations clearly show the complex genesis, decline, strengthening and melting phases depicting the detailed evolution of these example large snow storms.

Evaluation des risques-projet par une approche AHP/WPM: Application à un projet réel BTP

OpenAIRE

LMOUSSAOUI , Hafida; JAMOULI , Hicham

2015-01-01

International audience; La complexité et l'incertitude de l'environnement sont à l'origine de nouveaux défis auxquels les entreprises du domaine BTP font face quotidiennement. La maîtrise des paramètres des projets devient donc une nécessité pour leur pérennité. L'objectif du management des risques est de maîtriser ces paramètres pendant toutes les phases du projet. Il s'appuie sur un processus continu et itératif permettant successivement d'identifier et analyser les risques encourus, les év...

Administration des subventions du CRDI aux institutions :

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

IDRC CRDI

Comment puis-je réviser le budget de mon projet ? Le CRDI couvre-t-il les dépenses engagées en sus du montant de la subvention ? De quelle façon le CRDI transmet-il les fonds ? Mon institution doit-elle déposer les fonds reçus pour le projet dans un compte bancaire distinct ? Combien de temps faut-il au CRDI pour ...

Remote Monitoring of Groundwater Overdraft Using GRACE and InSAR

Science.gov (United States)

Scher, C.; Saah, D.

2017-12-01

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data paired with radar-derived analyses of volumetric changes in aquifer storage capacity present a viable technique for remote monitoring of aquifer depletion. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) analyses of ground level subsidence can account for a significant portion of mass loss observed in GRACE data and provide information on point-sources of overdraft. This study summed one water-year of GRACE monthly mass change grids and delineated regions with negative water storage anomalies for further InSAR analyses. Magnitude of water-storage anomalies observed by GRACE were compared to InSAR-derived minimum volumetric changes in aquifer storage capacity as a result of measurable compaction at the surface. Four major aquifers were selected within regions where GRACE observed a net decrease in water storage (Central Valley, California; Mekong Delta, Vietnam; West Bank, occupied Palestinian Territory; and the Indus Basin, South Asia). Interferogram imagery of the extent and magnitude of subsidence within study regions provided estimates for net minimum volume of groundwater extracted between image acquisitions. These volumetric estimates were compared to GRACE mass change grids to resolve a percent contribution of mass change observed by GRACE likely due to groundwater overdraft. Interferograms revealed characteristic cones of depression within regions of net mass loss observed by GRACE, suggesting point-source locations of groundwater overdraft and demonstrating forensic potential for the use of InSAR and GRACE data in remote monitoring of aquifer depletion. Paired GRACE and InSAR analyses offer a technique to increase the spatial and temporal resolution of remote applications for monitoring groundwater overdraft in addition to providing a novel parameter - measurable vertical deformation at the surface - to global groundwater models.

Jeunes à risque et emplois à l'ère numérique | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

; on aura recours aux ordinateurs portables, aux jeux et aux plateformes du Web 2.0 afin que les élèves puissent parfaire leur apprentissage dans un cadre scolaire. Le projet se déroulera dans une école de Buenos Aires où sont réunies les ...

Tanzania : tous les projets | Page 7 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... santé de l'Ouganda (UHIN), ainsi que le Projet d'interventions essentielles en santé en Tanzanie (PIEST) (projet no 102240). Date de début : 24 mars 2006. End Date: 23 mars 2008. Sujet: COMPUTER PROGRAMS, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SURVEYS, ...

tanzania : tous les projets | Page 7 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... santé de l'Ouganda (UHIN), ainsi que le Projet d'interventions essentielles en santé en Tanzanie (PIEST) (projet no 102240). Date de début : 24 mars 2006. End Date: 23 mars 2008. Sujet: COMPUTER PROGRAMS, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SURVEYS, ...

Soutien à la recherche économique et sociale aux fins de la ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le CRDI lance un nouveau projet dans la région de l'ANASE. L'honorable Chrystia Freeland, ministre du Commerce international, a annoncé le lancement d'un nouveau projet financé par le Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI). Voir davantageLe CRDI lance un nouveau projet dans la région ...

Results from GRACE/SUSY at one-loop

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

We report the recent development on the SUSY calculations with the help of GRACE system. GRACE/SUSY/1LOOP is the computer code which can generate Feynman diagrams in the MSSM automatically and compute one-loop amplitudes in the numerical way. We present new results of various two-body decay widths ...

Mexico : tous les projets | Page 2 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: MOTIVATION, Gender. Région: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay. Programme: Emploi et croissance. Financement total : CA$ 858,000.00. Transformer les territoires (Amérique latine). Projet. Ce projet vise à appuyer des politiques et des programmes qui créent de meilleures occasions et qui ...

mexico : tous les projets | Page 2 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: MOTIVATION, Gender. Région: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay. Programme: Emploi et croissance. Financement total : CA$ 858,000.00. Transformer les territoires (Amérique latine). Projet. Ce projet vise à appuyer des politiques et des programmes qui créent de meilleures occasions et qui ...

Mexique : tous les projets | Page 2 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: MOTIVATION, Gender. Région: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay. Programme: Emploi et croissance. Financement total : CA$ 858,000.00. Transformer les territoires (Amérique latine). Projet. Ce projet vise à appuyer des politiques et des programmes qui créent de meilleures occasions et qui ...

colombia : tous les projets | Page 2 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: MOTIVATION, Gender. Région: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay. Programme: Emploi et croissance. Financement total : CA$ 858,000.00. Transformer les territoires (Amérique latine). Projet. Ce projet vise à appuyer des politiques et des programmes qui créent de meilleures occasions et qui ...

Colombie : tous les projets | Page 2 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: MOTIVATION, Gender. Région: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay. Programme: Emploi et croissance. Financement total : CA$ 858,000.00. Transformer les territoires (Amérique latine). Projet. Ce projet vise à appuyer des politiques et des programmes qui créent de meilleures occasions et qui ...

Correcting GRACE gravity fields for ocean tide effects

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Knudsen, Per; Andersen, Ole Baltazar

2002-01-01

[1] The GRACE mission will be launch in early 2002 and will map the Earth's gravity fields and its variations with unprecedented accuracy during its 5-year lifetime. Unless ocean tide signals and their load upon the solid earth are removed from the GRACE data, their long period aliases obscure more...... tide model if altimetry corrected for inverted barometer effects was used in its derivation. To study the temporal characteristics of the ocean tidal constituents when sampled by GRACE, approximate alias frequencies were derived assuming a sampling of half a sidereal day. Those results show...

Grace and Courtesy in the Elementary Community

Science.gov (United States)

Huneke-Stone, Elise

2015-01-01

Don't be fooled by Elise Huneke-Stone's disarming beginning where she implies that grace and courtesy is not normally associated with the elementary. She goes on to elaborate that grace and courtesy is indeed everywhere: in project-based learning, understanding of moral precepts, social and intellectual independence, in the utilization of empathy,…

: tous les projets | Page 99 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

. Modifier l'environnement alimentaire et l'environnement bâti pour lutter contre les maladies non transmissibles en Argentine. Projet. Le présent projet consiste à évaluer le programme de promotion de la santé Healthy Municipalities and ...

Reformation or Revolution? Herman Bavinck and Henri de Lubac on Nature and Grace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Parker Gregory W.

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Henri de Lubac’s treatment of the relationship between nature and grace will be critiqued by Herman Bavinck’s ‘grace restores nature’ theme. In two significant addresses, Bavinck critiqued a Roman Catholic approach to nature and grace. De Lubac’s influence upon Roman Catholic thinking addressing nature and grace occurred post-Bavinck and has altered Catholic thinking on the subject. Neo-Calvinist scholar, Wolter Huttinga admits that Bavinck and de Lubac offer similar critiques of Roman Catholicism (Huttinga 2014. The question remains then, do Bavinck’s critiques still hold? I propose that Bavinck’s account of grace restores nature still makes valid critiques of a post-Vatican II construction of nature and grace. The paper is broken into three sections: (1 an exploration of de Lubac’s nature and grace theme, (2 the framework of Bavinck’s ‘grace restores nature’ theme, and (3 a Bavinckian critique of de Lubac’s nature and grace theme.

Résultats de recherche | Page 6 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Accorder l'accès aux données économiques pour prévenir les maladies liées au tabac et à l'alcool en Afrique. Ce projet permettra aux chercheurs, aux responsables des politiques et aux défenseurs de la santé publique de prendre davantage connaissance des données économiques et stratégiques susceptibles de ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 60 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Accorder l'accès aux données économiques pour prévenir les maladies liées au tabac et à l'alcool en Afrique. Ce projet permettra aux chercheurs, aux responsables des politiques et aux défenseurs de la santé publique de prendre davantage connaissance des données économiques et stratégiques susceptibles de ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 16 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

acheminent vers une plus grande intégration économique, on voit apparaître tout un éventail de difficultés interreliées ayant trait aux garanties constitutionnelles et aux garanties des droits de la personn. Projet ...

GRACE-Assimilated Drought Indicators for the U.S. Drought Monitor

Science.gov (United States)

Rui, Hualan; Vollmer, Bruce; Teng, Bill; Loeser, Carlee; Beaudoing, Hiroko; Rodell, Matt

2018-01-01

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission detects changes in Earth's gravity field by precisely monitoring the changes in distance between two satellites orbiting the Earth in tandem. Scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center generate GRACE-assimilated groundwater and soil moisture drought indicators each week, for drought monitor-related studies and applications. The GRACE-assimilated Drought Indicator Version 2.0 data product (GRACE-DA-DM V2.0) is archived at, and distributed by, the NASA GES DISC (Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center). More information about the data and data access is available on the data product landing page at https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets /GRACEDADM_CLSM0125US_7D_2.0/summary. The GRACE-DA-DM V2.0 data product contains three drought indicators: Groundwater Percentile, Root Zone Soil Moisture Percentile, and Surface Soil Moisture Percentile. The drought indicators are of wet or dry conditions, expressed as a percentile, indicating the probability of occurrence within the period of record from 1948 to 2012. These GRACE-assimilated drought indicators, with improved spatial and temporal resolutions, should provide a more comprehensive and objective identification of drought conditions. This presentation describes the basic characteristics of the data and data services at NASA GES DISC and collaborative organizations, and uses a few examples to demonstrate the simple ways to explore the GRACE-assimilated drought indicator data.

GRACE star camera noise

Science.gov (United States)

Harvey, Nate

2016-08-01

Extending results from previous work by Bandikova et al. (2012) and Inacio et al. (2015), this paper analyzes Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) star camera attitude measurement noise by processing inter-camera quaternions from 2003 to 2015. We describe a correction to star camera data, which will eliminate a several-arcsec twice-per-rev error with daily modulation, currently visible in the auto-covariance function of the inter-camera quaternion, from future GRACE Level-1B product releases. We also present evidence supporting the argument that thermal conditions/settings affect long-term inter-camera attitude biases by at least tens-of-arcsecs, and that several-to-tens-of-arcsecs per-rev star camera errors depend largely on field-of-view.

Interaction entre zones urbaines et rurales et changements ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet vise à réduire la vulnérabilité des systèmes ruraux-urbains du Nigeria face aux changements climatiques en diffusant les résultats du projet pilote mené dans la ville d'Aba, dans le sud-est du pays, et les environs. L'équipe du projet aidera le comité de conseillers-superviseurs d'Aba à déterminer les bonnes ...

Grace and Courtesy for the Whole School

Science.gov (United States)

Cobb, Mary Lou

2015-01-01

Mary Lou Cobb gives a framework from a very practical point of view, leaning on the aspects of grace and courtesy that are fundamental and arise out of a Montessori administrative point of view. Her examples are pragmatic, such as the grace and courtesy of a greeting, of movement, as a whole-school culture, and the right use of language. She calls…

Living Grace and Courtesy in the Primary

Science.gov (United States)

Soholt, Polli

2015-01-01

Polli Soholt looks at grace and courtesy from the 3-6 classroom perspective with clear theory explanations as they pertain to the larger classroom culture. She discusses the link between older and young children and the presence of the teacher as a model for grace and takes a brief look to neural science for proof of the existence of social…

High-frequency signal and noise estimates of CSR GRACE RL04

Science.gov (United States)

Bonin, Jennifer A.; Bettadpur, Srinivas; Tapley, Byron D.

2012-12-01

A sliding window technique is used to create daily-sampled Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) solutions with the same background processing as the official CSR RL04 monthly series. By estimating over shorter time spans, more frequent solutions are made using uncorrelated data, allowing for higher frequency resolution in addition to daily sampling. Using these data sets, high-frequency GRACE errors are computed using two different techniques: assuming the GRACE high-frequency signal in a quiet area of the ocean is the true error, and computing the variance of differences between multiple high-frequency GRACE series from different centers. While the signal-to-noise ratios prove to be sufficiently high for confidence at annual and lower frequencies, at frequencies above 3 cycles/year the signal-to-noise ratios in the large hydrological basins looked at here are near 1.0. Comparisons with the GLDAS hydrological model and high frequency GRACE series developed at other centers confirm CSR GRACE RL04's poor ability to accurately and reliably measure hydrological signal above 3-9 cycles/year, due to the low power of the large-scale hydrological signal typical at those frequencies compared to the GRACE errors.

The unrealised ethical potential of the Methodist theology of prevenient grace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David N. Field

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This article examines the unrealised ethical potential of the theology of prevenient grace. It begins with a brief analysis of John Wesley’s rejection of slavery as rooted in his theology of prevenient grace. This is demonstrated in the next section which analyses Wesley’s notion of prevenient grace. This is followed by a constructive proposal for a contemporary theology of prevenient grace and some ethical implications of this theology, for contemporary social and political ethics, are developed.

Estimating continental water storage variations in Central Asia area using GRACE data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dapeng, Mu; Zhongchang, Sun; Jinyun, Guo

2014-01-01

The goal of GRACE satellite is to determine time-variations of the Earth's gravity, and particularly the effects of fluid mass redistributions at the surface of the Earth. This paper uses GRACE Level-2 RL05 data provided by CSR to estimate water storage variations of four river basins in Asia area for the period from 2003 to 2011. We apply a two-step filtering method to reduce the errors in GRACE data, which combines Gaussian averaging function and empirical de-correlation method. We use GLDAS hydrology to validate the result from GRACE. Special averaging approach is preformed to reduce the errors in GLDAS. The results of former three basins from GRACE are consistent with GLDAS hydrology model. In the Tarim River basin, there is more discrepancy between GRACE and GLDAS. Precipitation data from weather station proves that the results of GRACE are more plausible. We use spectral analysis to obtain the main periods of GRACE and GLDAS time series and then use least squares adjustment to determine the amplitude and phase. The results show that water storage in Central Asia is decreasing

Constraining precipitation amount and distribution over cold regions using GRACE

Science.gov (United States)

Behrangi, A.; Reager, J. T., II; Gardner, A. S.; Fisher, J.

2017-12-01

Current quantitative knowledge on the amount and distribution of precipitation in high-elevation and high latitude regions is limited due to instrumental and retrieval shortcomings. Here we demonstrate how that satellite gravimetry (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, GRACE) can be used to provide an independent estimate of monthly accumulated precipitation using mass balance. Results showed that the GRACE-based precipitation estimate has the highest agreement with most of the commonly used precipitation products in summer, but it deviates from them in cold months, when the other products are expected to have larger error. We also observed that as near surface temperature decreases products tend to underestimate accumulated precipitation retrieved from GRACE. The analysis performed using various products such as GPCP, GPCC, TRMM, and gridded station data over vast regions in high latitudes and two large endorheic basins in High Mountain Asia. Based on the analysis over High Mountain Asia it was found that most of the products capture about or less than 50% of the total precipitation estimated using GRACE in winter. Overall, GPCP showed better agreement with GRACE estimate than other products. Yet on average GRACE showed 30% more annual precipitation than GPCP in the study basin.

: tous les projets | Page 307 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, PROGRAMME EVALUATION. Région: Egypt, North of Sahara, South of Sahara. Financement total : CA$ 149,233.00. Réseau sur l'économie du savoir dans les Caraïbes. Projet. Le CRDI soutient actuellement deux projets associés ...

Results from GRACE/SUSY at one-loop

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujimoto, J.; Ishikawa, T.; Kurihara, Y.; Jimbo, M.; Yasui, Y.; Kaneko, T.; Kon, T.; Kuroda, M.; Shimizu, Y.

2007-01-01

We report the recent development on the SUSY calculations with the help of GRACE system. GRACE/SUSY/1LOOP is the computer code which can generate Feynman diagrams in the MSSM automatically and compute one-loop amplitudes in the numerical way. We present new results of various two-body widths and chargino pair production at ILC (international linear collider) at one-loop level. (author)

Le FIVB annonce le financement de cinq autres projets | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

10 avr. 2018 ... En partenariat avec la Fondation Bill et Melinda Gates et Affaires mondiales Canada, le CRDI est heureux d'annoncer la prochaine série de projets soutenus par le Fonds d'innovation en matière de vaccins pour le bétail (FIVB). À ce jour, 11 projets ont obtenu un financement total de 13,6 millions de CAD ...

Gestionnaire - Division de l'administration des subventions | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Résumé des fonctions Le gestionnaire est chargé d'un portefeuille de projets en cours ... du Centre au personnel de la gestion des subventions, à la clientèle, aux collègues de la Direction générale des ... Administration et contrôle des projets.

Résultats de recherche | Page 7 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet, mis en place par l'Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública du Mexique, consiste à entreprendre une série d'études préliminaires pour contribuer aux travaux de la nouvelle commission sur la lutte antitabac à l'échelle mondiale de la revue Th. Projet ...

Global inter-annual gravity changes from GRACE: Early results

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Ole Baltazar; Hinderer, J.

2005-01-01

with an accuracy of 0.4 muGal corresponding to 9 mm water thickness on spatial scales longer than 1300 km. Four of the most widely used global hydrological models have been investigated for their spatial comparison with GRACE observations of inter-annual gravity field variations due to changes in continental water...... storage. The Global Land Data Assimilation System model has a spatial correlation coefficient with GRACE observations of 0.65 over the northern hemisphere. This demonstrates that the observed gravity field changes on these scales are largely related to changes in continental water storage.......Fifteen monthly gravity field solutions from the GRACE twin satellites launched more than two years ago have been studied to estimate gravity field changes between 2002 and 2003. The results demonstrate that GRACE is capable of capturing the changes in ground water on inter-annual scales...

india : tous les projets | Page 11 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: PEACE RESEARCH, WAR, VIOLENCE, PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS. Région: India, Ireland. Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 527,600.00. Droits génésiques et préférence pour les garçons en Inde - mobilisation des ressources. Projet. Ce projet vise à analyser deux manifestations des ...

: tous les projets | Page 276 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: AIDS, HIV, PROPHYLAXIS, VACCINES, VACCINATION, Immunization. Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Kenya, Canada. Programme: Santé des mères et des enfants. Financement total : CA$ 1,443,304.00. Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative (KAVI) : un centre d'excellence en Afrique de l'Est. Projet. Ce projet est ...

Using GRACE to constrain precipitation amount over cold mountainous basins

Science.gov (United States)

Behrangi, Ali; Gardner, Alex S.; Reager, John T.; Fisher, Joshua B.

2017-01-01

Despite the importance for hydrology and climate-change studies, current quantitative knowledge on the amount and distribution of precipitation in mountainous and high-elevation regions is limited due to instrumental and retrieval shortcomings. Here by focusing on two large endorheic basins in High Mountain Asia, we show that satellite gravimetry (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)) can be used to provide an independent estimate of monthly accumulated precipitation using mass balance equation. Results showed that the GRACE-based precipitation estimate has the highest agreement with most of the commonly used precipitation products in summer, but it deviates from them in cold months, when the other products are expected to have larger errors. It was found that most of the products capture about or less than 50% of the total precipitation estimated using GRACE in winter. Overall, Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) showed better agreement with GRACE estimate than other products. Yet on average GRACE showed 30% more annual precipitation than GPCP in the study basins. In basins of appropriate size with an absence of dense ground measurements, as is a typical case in cold mountainous regions, we find GRACE can be a viable alternative to constrain monthly and seasonal precipitation estimates from other remotely sensed precipitation products that show large bias.

canada : tous les projets | Page 5 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Comprendre l'expérience des femmes dans l'exploitation minière artisanale et à petite échelle en Afrique centrale et en Afrique orientale. Projet. Ce projet fournira des ... La maladie du jaunissement continue de menacer les récoltes de noix de coco et les revenus des agriculteurs de Côte d'Ivoire. Date de début : 20 mai ...

Canada : tous les projets | Page 7 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Comprendre l'expérience des femmes dans l'exploitation minière artisanale et à petite échelle en Afrique centrale et en Afrique orientale. Projet. Ce projet fournira des ... La maladie du jaunissement continue de menacer les récoltes de noix de coco et les revenus des agriculteurs de Côte d'Ivoire. Date de début : 20 mai ...

Argentina : tous les projets | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Programme: Governance and Justice. Financement total : CA$ ... Évaluation de la dynamique de la transmission du Zika et des stratégies d'atténuation. Projet. Depuis qu'il a été détecté ... La lutte contre l'inégalité en ligne : Mettre les plateformes numériques au service du développement inclusif. Projet. Les plateformes en ...

Amélioration des tribunaux du travail au Mexique : le cas de Cuautitlán

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet de recherche dirigé par l'Instituto Tecnológico de México s'intéressera au contexte juridique du pays et aux procédures administratives liées aux décisions et aux ... Monitoring and notification : evidence from a field experiment in a Mexican labor court ... Delay and corruption : a simple model with empirical tests.

Diffusion d'informations dans les autobus par couplage de technologies wifi et satellitaires

OpenAIRE

GRANSART, C; AMBELLOUIS, S; RIOULT, J

2004-01-01

Dans cet article, nous présentons les résultats d'un projet de recherche visant à fournir de l'information en temps réel aux usagers des transports en commun de type autobus. Nous montrons que de nouveaux services innovants peuvent être développés à l'attention des objets mobiles avec une bonne qualité de service (avec une bande passante moyenne ou élevée), et un accès à l'information, au contenu multimédia et aux bases de données. Ce projet utilise un couplage de technologies innovantes pour...

: tous les projets | Page 60 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Financement total : CA$ 1,788,000.00. L'Alliance pour appliquer à plus grande échelle l'innovation numérique et l'entrepreneuriat (SEED Alliance). Projet. Ce projet servira à financer des innovations numériques qui contribuent à résoudre des défis relatifs au développement. Sujet: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, EDUCATION.

2008-2009 en bref

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La recherche-action participative(RAP) rassemble des représentants des groupes ... finance cinq projets pilotes, et le Programme de recherche sur l'eau, la santé et l'adaptation aux changements climatiques en Afrique, dans le cadre duquel le programme ACCA finance désormais six projets. Kezlya Magawa cultive du ...

Characteristic mega-basin water storage behavior using GRACE.

Science.gov (United States)

Reager, J T; Famiglietti, James S

2013-06-01

[1] A long-standing challenge for hydrologists has been a lack of observational data on global-scale basin hydrological behavior. With observations from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, hydrologists are now able to study terrestrial water storage for large river basins (>200,000 km 2 ), with monthly time resolution. Here we provide results of a time series model of basin-averaged GRACE terrestrial water storage anomaly and Global Precipitation Climatology Project precipitation for the world's largest basins. We address the short (10 year) length of the GRACE record by adopting a parametric spectral method to calculate frequency-domain transfer functions of storage response to precipitation forcing and then generalize these transfer functions based on large-scale basin characteristics, such as percent forest cover and basin temperature. Among the parameters tested, results show that temperature, soil water-holding capacity, and percent forest cover are important controls on relative storage variability, while basin area and mean terrain slope are less important. The derived empirical relationships were accurate (0.54 ≤  E f  ≤ 0.84) in modeling global-scale water storage anomaly time series for the study basins using only precipitation, average basin temperature, and two land-surface variables, offering the potential for synthesis of basin storage time series beyond the GRACE observational period. Such an approach could be applied toward gap filling between current and future GRACE missions and for predicting basin storage given predictions of future precipitation.

GRACE storage-runoff hystereses reveal the dynamics of ...

Science.gov (United States)

Watersheds function as integrated systems where climate and geology govern the movement of water. In situ instrumentation can provide local-scale insights into the non-linear relationship between streamflow and water stored in a watershed as snow, soil moisture, and groundwater. However, there is a poor understanding of these processes at the regional scale—primarily because of our inability to measure water stores and fluxes in the subsurface. Now NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites quantify changes in the amount of water stored across and through the Earth, providing measurements of regional hydrologic behavior. Here we apply GRACE data to characterize for the first time how regional watersheds function as simple, dynamic systems through a series of hysteresis loops. While the physical processes underlying the loops are inherently complex, the vertical integration of terrestrial water in the GRACE signal provides process-based insights into the dynamic and non-linear function of regional-scale watersheds. We use this process-based understanding with GRACE data to effectively forecast seasonal runoff (mean R2 of 0.91) and monthly runoff (mean R2 of 0.77) in three regional-scale watersheds (>150,000 km2) of the Columbia River Basin, USA. Data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites provide a novel dataset for understanding changes in the amount of water stored across and through the surface of the Ear

Agent des projets et des partenariats (h/f) | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Gestion de projets. L'agent(e) : fournit un encadrement technique, notamment en analysant les rapports d'étape, en participant à des ateliers, en effectuant des recherches ... travaille et contribue à l'élaboration du plan de travail de la Division et du portefeuille de projets en découlant, au sein de la structure de la DPDA; et.

: tous les projets | Page 37 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: MOTIVATION. Région: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay. Programme: Employment and Growth. Financement total : CA$ 858,000.00. Accroître les possibilités pour les jeunes vulnérables : entendre leur voix pour éclairer les politiques. Projet. Ce projet s'attaquera au défi du chômage chez les ...

Tanzania : tous les projets | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Mama na Mtoto : Obstacles et facteurs favorables à l'équité des sexes et au déploiement en Tanzanie (ISMEA). Projet. En Tanzanie, un projet surnommé populairement « MamaToto » (mère-bébé) renforce les capacités locales visant à améliorer la santé des mères, des nouveau-nés et des enfants (SMNE). Sujet: Gender.

Résultats de recherche | Page 15 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La croissance exponentielle de la capacité de stockage des données conjuguée à l'essor des médias sociaux et à la multiplication des applications commerciales en ligne offrent aux entreprises et aux gouvernements la possibilité d'interce. Projet ...

In between St. Augustine and Luther: Grace and justification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michael M. Ramos

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The view presented in this study emphasized grace as a cause of spiritual strength and justification of man. In understanding the deep meaning and nature of grace, this paper analyzes the formations given on the subject by two great minds, St. Augustine and Martin Luther. Because of the great influence of their work on the theology of grace and justification, this paper attempts to seek whether man’s understanding and belief of prudence would mean nothing at all, that any good that he will perform on his behalf would do nothing for his own justification. Thus it raises the question on the purpose of man’s freedom if his proprium is nothing and that divine prudence is the source of everything good. This led to the idea that grace is the primary energy source of man to make good, not by his own, but by divine prudence to obtain justification. Therefore, in this sense there is nothing good in man.

: tous les projets | Page 494 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Financement total : CA$ 190,000.00. Réseau électronique sans fil à Fez (Maroc). Projet. Depuis 2004, l'initiative de programme du CRDI Acacia (Communautés et société de l'information en Afrique) a financé deux projets de services de gouvernement électronique local à Fez au Maroc. Date de début : 1 novembre 2007.

: tous les projets | Page 100 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Projet. Ce projet vise à promouvoir les politiques fondées sur des données probantes pour améliorer la production de bétail, la durabilité de l'environnement et la santé dans les collectivités rurales de l'Altiplano bolivien. Région: Bolivia. Programme: Food, Environment, and Health. Financement total : CA$ 1,200,000.00.

: tous les projets | Page 82 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: South of Sahara, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania, Canada. Programme: Maternal and Child Health. Financement total : CA$ 2,600,000.00. Transformer en politiques les données probantes sur la santé des mères, des nouveau-nés et des enfants en Afrique de l'Est. Projet. Ce projet regroupe les résultats ...

: tous les projets | Page 542 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: Internet, AUTOMATION, PUBLIC SERVICES. Région: Morocco, North of Sahara, South of Sahara. Financement total : CA$ 526,600.00. Cybergouvernement à Fès, au Maroc. Projet. Dans la phase pilote du projet (no 101980), la prestation de services électroniques a été déployée avec succès au bureau d'état civil de ...

Rapport sur le développement dans le monde sur le thème du rôle ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... rural et sont tributaires principalement de l'agriculture pour assurer leur subsistance. Ce projet permettra de veiller à ce qu'une place soit accordée aux travaux de recherche financés par le CRDI, aux points de vue différents et aux auteurs de l'hémisphère Sud dans le Rapport sur le développement dans le monde 2008.

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Accès de familles à faible revenu à une alimentation saine grâce aux cantines populaires au Pérou ... Un régime alimentaire malsain est l'un des quatre principaux facteurs de risque de MNT. Projet ... Impact, en ce qui a trait aux revenus et à la santé, de la restructuration de la taxe d'accise sur le tabac aux Philippines.

Saving Grace - A Climate Change Documentary Education Program

Science.gov (United States)

Byrne, J. M.; McDaniel, S.; Graham, J.; Little, L.; Hoggan, J. C.

2012-12-01

Saving Grace conveys climate change knowledge from the best international scientists and social scientists using a series of new media formats. An Education and Communication Plan (ECP) has been developed to disseminate climate change knowledge on impacts, mitigation and adaptation for individuals, and for all sectors of society. The research team is seeking contacts with science and social science colleagues around the world to provide the knowledge base for the ECP. Poverty enslaves…and climate change has, and will, spread and deepen poverty to hundreds of millions of people, primarily in the developing world. And make no mistake; we are enslaving hundreds of millions of people in a depressing and debilitating poverty that in numbers will far surpass the horrors of the slave trade of past centuries. Saving Grace is the story of that poverty - and minimizing that poverty. Saving Grace stars the best of the world's climate researchers. Saving Grace presents the science; who, where and why of greenhouse gases that drive climate change; current and projected impacts of a changing climate around the world; and most important, solutions to the climate change challenges we face.

NASA 3D Models: GRACE

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), twin satellites launched in March 2002, are making detailed measurements of Earth's gravity field which will lead to...

NASA 3D Models: Grace

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), twin satellites launched in March 2002, are making detailed measurements of Earth's gravity field which will lead to...

GRACE-derived terrestrial water storage depletion associated with the 2003 European heat wave

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Ole Baltazar; Seneviratne, S.I.; Hinderer, J.

2005-01-01

water storage depletion observed from GRACE can be related to the record-breaking heat wave that occurred in central Europe in 2003. We validate the measurements from GRACE using two independent hydrological estimates and direct gravity observations from superconducting gravimeters in Europe. All...... datasets agree well with the GRACE measurements despite the disparity of the employed information; the difference between datasets tends to be within GRACE margin of error. The April-to-August terrestrial water storage depletion is found to be significantly larger in 2003 than in 2002 from both models......The GRACE twin satellites reveal large inter-annual terrestrial water-storage variations between 2002 and 2003 for central Europe. GRACE observes a negative trend in regional water storage from 2002 to 2003 peaking at -7.8 cm in central Europe with an accuracy of 1 cm. The 2003 excess terrestrial...

Capital Grace of the Word Incarnate According to Saint Thomas Aquinas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucia Marie Siemering

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The doctrine of capital grace was developed during the Scholastic period and bears on many areas of theology including ecclesiology, Christology, sacraments, and Trinitarian theology with regard to the missions of the Word and the Holy Spirit. Viewed from a Christological standpoint, capital grace sheds light on how Christ in his human nature can be said to be a source of grace to the members of the Church. Following his contemporaries, the young Thomas Aquinas espoused a view in which Christ is a meritorious, ministerial, and dispositive cause of grace according to his human nature, and an efficient cause according to his divinity. After a deeper reading of John Damascene’s treatment of Christ’s humanity being an instrument of his divinity, Thomas was able to articulate a view in which Christ’s human nature is an instrumental efficient cause of grace. This view undergirds Aquinas’s strong conception of Christ as one acting person in two natures.

Global Assessment of New GRACE Mascons Solutions for Hydrologic Applications

Science.gov (United States)

Save, H.; Zhang, Z.; Scanlon, B. R.; Wiese, D. N.; Landerer, F. W.; Long, D.; Longuevergne, L.; Chen, J.

2016-12-01

Advances in GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite data processing using new mass concentration (mascon) solutions have greatly increased the spatial localization and amplitude of recovered total Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) signals; however, limited testing has been conduct on land hydrologic applications. In this study we compared TWS anomalies from (1) Center for Space Research mascons (CSR-M) solution with (2) NASA JPL mascon (JPL-M) solution, and with (3) a CSR gridded spherical harmonic rescaled (sf) solution from Tellus (CSRT-GSH.sf) in 176 river basins covering 80% of the global land area. There is good correspondence in TWS anomalies from mascons (CSR-M and JPL-M) and SH solutions based on high correlations between time series (rank correlation coefficients mostly >0.9). The long-term trends in basin TWS anomalies represent a relatively small signal (up to ±20 mm/yr) with differences among GRACE solutions and inter-basin variability increasing with decreasing basin size. Long-term TWS declines are greatest in (semi)arid and irrigated basins. Annual and semiannual signals have much larger amplitudes (up to ±250 mm). There is generally good agreement among GRACE solutions, increasing confidence in seasonal fluctuations from GRACE data. Rescaling spherical harmonics to restore lost signal increases agreement with mascons solutions for long-term trends and seasonal fluctuations. There are many advantages to using GRACE mascons solutions relative to SH solutions, such as reduced leakage from land to ocean increasing signal amplitude, and constraining results by applying geophysical data during processing with little or no post-processing requirements, making mascons more user friendly for non-geodetic users. This inter-comparison of various GRACE solutions should allow hydrologists to better select suitable GRACE products for hydrologic applications.

Predictive power of the grace score in population with diabetes.

Science.gov (United States)

Baeza-Román, Anna; de Miguel-Balsa, Eva; Latour-Pérez, Jaime; Carrillo-López, Andrés

2017-12-01

Current clinical practice guidelines recommend risk stratification in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) upon admission to hospital. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely recognized as an independent predictor of mortality in these patients, although it is not included in the GRACE risk score. The objective of this study is to validate the GRACE risk score in a contemporary population and particularly in the subgroup of patients with diabetes, and to test the effects of including the DM variable in the model. Retrospective cohort study in patients included in the ARIAM-SEMICYUC registry, with a diagnosis of ACS and with available in-hospital mortality data. We tested the predictive power of the GRACE score, calculating the area under the ROC curve. We assessed the calibration of the score and the predictive ability based on type of ACS and the presence of DM. Finally, we evaluated the effect of including the DM variable in the model by calculating the net reclassification improvement. The GRACE score shows good predictive power for hospital mortality in the study population, with a moderate degree of calibration and no significant differences based on ACS type or the presence of DM. Including DM as a variable did not add any predictive value to the GRACE model. The GRACE score has an appropriate predictive power, with good calibration and clinical applicability in the subgroup of diabetic patients. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Kenya : tous les projets | Page 2 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet d'une durée de deux ans proposera et amorcera des stratégies fondées sur les données probantes en vue de créer des occasions d'emploi décentes et de soutenir l'entrepreneuriat face à la croissance ... Diffuser à grande échelle l'apprentissage numérique au Kenya. Projet ... Programme: Gouvernance et justice.

Les faits,une arme contre

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

un_focus_pauvreté. Aux Philippines, les progrès reposent sur une information rigoureuse. Aux Philippines, le système de suivi communautaire de la pauvreté, d'abord projet pilote, s'est étendu, en 14 ans, à l'échelle nationale, appuyé par tous les ordres ...

Can GRACE detect winter snows in Japan?

Science.gov (United States)

Heki, Kosuke

2010-05-01

Current spatial resolution of the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites is 300-400 km, and so its hydrological applications have been limited to continents and large islands. The Japanese Islands have width slightly smaller than this spatial resolution, but are known to show large amplitude seasonal changes in surface masses due mainly to winter snow. Such loads are responsible for seasonal crustal deformation observed with GEONET, a dense array of GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers in Japan (Heki, 2001). There is also a dense network of surface meteorological sensors for, e.g. snow depths, atmospheric pressures, etc. Heki (2004) showed that combined effects of surface loads, i.e. snow (predominant), atmosphere, soil moisture, dam impoundment, can explain seasonal crustal deformation observed by GPS to a large extent. The total weight of the winter snow in the Japanese Islands in its peak season may reach ~50 Gt. This is comparable to the annual loss of mountain glaciers in the Asian high mountains (Matsuo & Heki, 2010), and is above the detection level of GRACE. In this study, I use GRACE Level-2 Release-4 data from CSR, Univ. Texas, up to 2009 November, and evaluated seasonal changes in surface loads in and around the Japanese Islands. After applying a 350 km Gaussian filter and a de-striping filter, the peak-to-peak change of the water depth becomes ~4 cm in northern Japan. The maximum value is achieved in February-March. The region of large winter load spans from Hokkaido, Japan, to northeastern Honshu, which roughly coincides with the region of deep snow in Japan. Next I compiled snow depth data from surface meteorological observations, and converted them to loads using time-dependent snow density due to compaction. By applying the same spatial filter as the GRACE data, its spatial pattern becomes similar to the GRACE results. The present study suggests that GRACE is capable of detecting seasonal mass changes in an island arc not

Benefits and Pitfalls of GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Data Assimilation

Science.gov (United States)

Girotto, Manuela

2018-01-01

Satellite observations of terrestrial water storage (TWS) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission have a coarse resolution in time (monthly) and space (roughly 150,000 sq km at midlatitudes) and vertically integrate all water storage components over land, including soil moisture and groundwater. Nonetheless, data assimilation can be used to horizontally downscale and vertically partition GRACE-TWS observations. This presentation illustrates some of the benefits and drawbacks of assimilating TWS observations from GRACE into a land surface model over the continental United States and India. The assimilation scheme yields improved skill metrics for groundwater compared to the no-assimilation simulations. A smaller impact is seen for surface and root-zone soil moisture. Further, GRACE observes TWS depletion associated with anthropogenic groundwater extraction. Results from the assimilation emphasize the importance of representing anthropogenic processes in land surface modeling and data assimilation systems.

: tous les projets | Page 541 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Analyse de la structure de l'offre et de la demande de main-d'oeuvre dans quatre filières cibles des régions de Saint-Louis et de Louga (Sénégal). Projet. En novembre 2004, la Fondation Paul Gérin-Lajoie a obtenu une subvention du CRDI (projet 102844) pour la réalisation d'une étude portant sur l'offre et la demande de ...

Financement | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le développement ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le CRDI finance des projets visant à créer des emplois et à assurer la sécurité alimentaire, la santé, la paix et la prospérité dans les pays en développement. Nous offrons des subventions, du financement et des bourses aux chercheurs et aux institutions pour qu'ils trouvent des solutions aux problèmes de développement ...

Reducing errors in the GRACE gravity solutions using regularization

Science.gov (United States)

Save, Himanshu; Bettadpur, Srinivas; Tapley, Byron D.

2012-09-01

The nature of the gravity field inverse problem amplifies the noise in the GRACE data, which creeps into the mid and high degree and order harmonic coefficients of the Earth's monthly gravity fields provided by GRACE. Due to the use of imperfect background models and data noise, these errors are manifested as north-south striping in the monthly global maps of equivalent water heights. In order to reduce these errors, this study investigates the use of the L-curve method with Tikhonov regularization. L-curve is a popular aid for determining a suitable value of the regularization parameter when solving linear discrete ill-posed problems using Tikhonov regularization. However, the computational effort required to determine the L-curve is prohibitively high for a large-scale problem like GRACE. This study implements a parameter-choice method, using Lanczos bidiagonalization which is a computationally inexpensive approximation to L-curve. Lanczos bidiagonalization is implemented with orthogonal transformation in a parallel computing environment and projects a large estimation problem on a problem of the size of about 2 orders of magnitude smaller for computing the regularization parameter. Errors in the GRACE solution time series have certain characteristics that vary depending on the ground track coverage of the solutions. These errors increase with increasing degree and order. In addition, certain resonant and near-resonant harmonic coefficients have higher errors as compared with the other coefficients. Using the knowledge of these characteristics, this study designs a regularization matrix that provides a constraint on the geopotential coefficients as a function of its degree and order. This regularization matrix is then used to compute the appropriate regularization parameter for each monthly solution. A 7-year time-series of the candidate regularized solutions (Mar 2003-Feb 2010) show markedly reduced error stripes compared with the unconstrained GRACE release 4

Synergies Between Grace and Regional Atmospheric Modeling Efforts

Science.gov (United States)

Kusche, J.; Springer, A.; Ohlwein, C.; Hartung, K.; Longuevergne, L.; Kollet, S. J.; Keune, J.; Dobslaw, H.; Forootan, E.; Eicker, A.

2014-12-01

In the meteorological community, efforts converge towards implementation of high-resolution (precipitation, evapotranspiration and runoff data; confirming that the model does favorably at representing observations. We show that after GRACE-derived bias correction, basin-average hydrological conditions prior to 2002 can be reconstructed better than before. Next, comparing GRACE with CLM forced by EURO-CORDEX simulations allows identifying processes needing improvement in the model. Finally, we compare COSMO-EU atmospheric pressure, a proxy for mass corrections in satellite gravimetry, with ERA-Interim over Europe at timescales shorter/longer than 1 month, and spatial scales below/above ERA resolution. We find differences between regional and global model more pronounced at high frequencies, with magnitude at sub-grid scale and larger scale corresponding to 1-3 hPa (1-3 cm EWH); relevant for the assessment of post-GRACE concepts.

Sensitivity of GRACE-derived estimates of groundwater-level changes in southern Ontario, Canada

Science.gov (United States)

Hachborn, Ellen; Berg, Aaron; Levison, Jana; Ambadan, Jaison Thomas

2017-12-01

Amidst changing climates, understanding the world's water resources is of increasing importance. In Ontario, Canada, low water conditions are currently assessed using only precipitation and watershed-based stream gauges by the Conservation Authorities in Ontario and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. Regional groundwater-storage changes in Ontario are not currently measured using satellite data by research institutes. In this study, contributions from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data are compared to a hydrogeological database covering southern Ontario from 2003 to 2013, to determine the suitability of GRACE total water storage estimates for monitoring groundwater storage in this location. Terrestrial water storage data from GRACE were used to determine monthly groundwater storage (GWS) anomaly values. GWS values were also determined by multiplying groundwater-level elevations (from the Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Network wells) by specific yield. Comparisons of GRACE-derived GWS to well-based GWS data determined that GRACE is sufficiently sensitive to obtain a meaningful signal in southern Ontario. Results show that GWS values produced by GRACE are useful for identifying regional changes in groundwater storage in areas with limited available hydrogeological characterization data. Results also indicate that GRACE may have an ability to forecast changes in groundwater storage, which will become useful when monitoring climate shifts in the near future.

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

HarassMap : la collecte de données grâce à l'impartition à grande échelle appliquée aux sciences sociales. Au Caire, les femmes peuvent maintenant signaler les cas de viol, de harcèlement et d'agression grâce à HarassMap, un projet pilote mis en oeuvre dans cette ville d'Égypte. Projet.

Résultats de recherche | Page 48 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La justice transitionnelle en Syrie : scénarios et options. Au moment où se poursuit le conflit en Syrie, ce projet examinera les ... Des droits internationaux aux pratiques locales : la réforme constitutionnelle et la participation en Amérique latine. Ce projet entend étudier les répercussions des réformes visant à accroître le ...

L'adaptation aux changements climatiques

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Cathy Egan

plus équitables et plus prospères. Centre de recherches pour le développement international, CP 8500, Ottawa (Ontario) Canada K1G 3H9. Tél. : 613-236-6163 • Télécopieur : 613-238-7230 • Courriel : info@crdi.ca. L'ADAPTATION AUX. CHANGEMENTS CLIMATIQUES. LE RECOURS AUX. ONDES. Les petits exploitants ...

Le concept de projet en psichologie du développement et de l'éducation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brigitte Detry

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Dans cet article, on commence par problématiser la notion de projet et la situer dans le contexte des études en psychologie du développement et de l’éducation : nous partons d’un problème qui est celui-ci : comment réussit-on une phase de vie déterminée? Pour répondre à cette question, la proposition que nous développons aujourd’hui passe par un critère, celui des tâches de développement et concerne l’élaboration d’un projet. Pour ne pas rester dans le vague, nous concrétisons cette idée dans le domaine de l’éducation et d’une phase de vie en particulier : l’adolescence. Les différents eexemples concernent cette phase de vie. Nous commençons par nous interroger sur le fait que certains individus semblent présenter une croissance harmonieuse alors que d’autres sont démotivés, s’ennuient, ne semblent progresser en rien (Galand & Bourgeois, 2006. Les ambiances scolaires sont particulièrement propices à ce genre d’observation. C’est pourquoi, nous nous tournons d’abord vers les parcours scolaires. Une constatation s’impose : sans en avoir envie, on n’apprend pas. Comment des éducateurs, des enseignants peuvent-ils susciter ce désir d’apprendre sans prendre la place de l’élève ? Notre proposition rejoint celle de Perrenoud (2001 et concerne le projet de l’élève et plus globalement le projet de formation. Elle s’enrichit d’une synthèse des recherches sur le concept de projet dans la littérature scientifique contemporaine. Dans la dernière partie de l’article, nous montrons aussi que s’interroger sur le projet académique de l’individu ne suffit pas, le projet socio-affectif et le développment de l’identité constituent le soubassement sur lequel le projet de formation s’établit.

GRACE manual

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ishikawa, T.; Kawabata, S.; Shimizu, Y.; Kaneko, T.; Kato, K.; Tanaka, H.

1993-02-01

This manual is composed of three kinds of objects, theoretical background for calculating the cross section of elementary process, usage and technical details of the GRACE system. Throughout this manual we take the tree level process e + e - → W + W - γ as an example, including the e ± -scalar boson interactions. The real FORTRAN source code for this process is attached in the relevant sections as well as the results of calculation, which might be a great help for understanding the practical use of the system. (J.P.N.)

Communication des risques reliés aux changements climatiques en ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

1 janv. 2012 ... Il incombe bien sûr aux gouvernements locaux et nationaux de prendre les décisions relatives à l'adaptation aux changements climatiques; ils doivent toutefois les communiquer aux ménages, aux groupes communautaires et aux entreprises privées afin que ceux-ci prennent les décisions qui s'imposent ...

Automatic computation of cross sections in HEP. Status of GRACE system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yuasa, F.; Fujimoto, J.; Ishikawa, T.

2000-01-01

For the study of reactions in High Energy Physics (HEP) automatic computation systems have been developed are widely used nowadays. GRACE is one of such systems and it has achieved much success in analyzing experimental data. Since we deal with the cross section whose value can be given by calculating hundreds of Feynman diagrams, we manage the large scale calculation, so that effective symbolic manipulation, the treat of singularity in the numerical integration are required. The talk will describe the software design of GRACE system and computational techniques in the GRACE. (author)

Assemblée générale

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2013-01-01

Mardi 21 mai à 11 h 00 Amphithéâtre Kjell Johnsen, Bât. 30   Conformément aux statuts de l’Association du personnel, une Assemblée générale ordinaire est organisée une fois par année (article IV.2.1). Projet d’ordre du jour : Adoption de l’ordre du jour. Approbation du procès-verbal de l’Assemblée générale ordinaire du 17 avril 2012. Présentation et approbation du rapport d’activités 2012. Présentation et approbation du rapport financier 2012. Présentation et approbation du rapport des vérificateurs aux comptes pour 2012. Programme 2013. Présentation et approbation du projet de budget et taux de cotisation pour 2014. Modifications aux Statuts de l'Association du personnel. Élections d...

General Assembly

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2017-01-01

Conformément aux statuts de l’Association du personnel, une Assemblée générale ordinaire est organisée une fois par année (article IV.2.1). Projet d’ordre du jour : Adoption de l’ordre du jour. Approbation du procès-verbal de l’Assemblée générale ordinaire du 5 avril 2016. Présentation et approbation du rapport d’activités 2016. Présentation et approbation du rapport financier 2016. Présentation et approbation du rapport des vérificateurs aux comptes pour 2016. Programme de travail 2017. Présentation et approbation du projet de budget 2017 Approbation du taux de cotisation pour 2018. Modifications aux Statuts de l'Association du personnel proposées. Élections des membres de la Commission électorale. Élections des vérifica...

Les étoiles dans ma poche: du désir de corps vécu et d'imaginaires dans les espaces relationnels et de soins

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Orazio Maria Valastro

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Dans un corps social ayant rejeté et dissimulé historiquement la souffrance psychique il faudra considérer les corps individuels autrefois exclus sans borner pour autant l'espace relationnel, un espace envisagé soit comme espace de soins soit comme espace de santé mentale, aux pratiques d'inclusion sociale développant des projets pour l' "autre" mais indifférentes aux projets existentiels des individus. Il s'agit moins de combler des manques, de répondre à des nécessités: il s'agit plutôt de rendre aux individus la capacité de désirer, de souhaiter avec un élan authentique d'atteindre les étoiles pour reprendre en main leur destin, se situer dans une possibilité, une opportunité d'écoute de ce qu'ils désirent faire et de le faire.

Assimilation of Gridded GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Estimates in the North American Land Data Assimilation System

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Sujay V.; Zaitchik, Benjamin F.; Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Rodell, Matthew; Reichle, Rolf; Li, Bailing; Jasinski, Michael; Mocko, David; Getirana, Augusto; De Lannoy, Gabrielle;

GRACE score predicts heart failure admission following acute coronary syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

McAllister, David A; Halbesma, Nynke; Carruthers, Kathryn; Denvir, Martin; Fox, Keith A

2015-04-01

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a common and preventable complication of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Nevertheless, ACS risk scores have not been shown to predict CHF risk. We investigated whether the at-discharge Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score predicts heart failure admission following ACS. Five-year mortality and hospitalization data were obtained for patients admitted with ACS from June 1999 to September 2009 to a single centre of the GRACE registry. CHF was defined as any admission assigned WHO International Classification of Diseases 10 diagnostic code I50. The hazard ratio (HR) for CHF according to GRACE score was estimated in Cox models adjusting for age, gender and the presence of CHF on index admission. Among 1,956 patients, CHF was recorded on index admission in 141 patients (7%), and 243 (12%) were admitted with CHF over 3.8 median years of follow-up. Compared to the lowest quintile, patients in the highest GRACE score quintile had more CHF admissions (116 vs 17) and a shorter time to first admission (1.2 vs 2.0 years, HR 9.87, 95% CI 5.93-16.43). Per standard deviation increment in GRACE score, the instantaneous risk was more than two-fold higher (HR 2.28; 95% CI 2.02-2.57), including after adjustment for CHF on index admission, age and gender (HR 2.49; 95% CI 2.06-3.02). The C-statistic for CHF admission at 1-year was 0.74 (95% CI 0.70-0.79). The GRACE score predicts CHF admission, and may therefore be used to target ACS patients at high risk of CHF with clinical monitoring and therapies. © The European Society of Cardiology 2014.

Towards Designing Graceful Degradation into Trajectory Based Operations: A Human-systems Integration Approach

Science.gov (United States)

Edwards, Tamsyn; Lee, Paul

2017-01-01

One of the most fundamental changes to the air traffic management system in NextGen is the concept of trajectory based operations (TBO). With the introduction of such change, system safety and resilience is a critical concern, in particular, the ability of systems to gracefully degrade. In order to design graceful degradation into a TBO envrionment, knowledge of the potential causes of degradation, and appropriate solutions, is required. In addition, previous research has predominantly explored the technological contribution to graceful degradation, frequently neglecting to consider the role of the human operator, specifically, air traffic controllers (ATCOs). This is out of step with real-world operations, and potentially limits an ecologically valid understanding of achieving graceful degradation in an air traffic control (ATC) environment. The following literature review aims to identify and summarize the literature to date on the potential causes of degradation in ATC and the solutions that may be applied within a TBO context, with a specific focus on the contribution of the air traffic controller. A framework of graceful degradation, developed from the literature, is presented. It is argued that in order to achieve graceful degradation within TBO, a human-system integration approach must be applied.

Adaptation, eau et résilience dans l'Himalaya | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Comment ce projet appuiera-t-il l'adaptation? Les changements socioéconomiques, combinés aux répercussions des changements climatiques, pourraient porter gravement atteinte aux moyens de subsistance de toute la population de la région. Pour aider les populations du Pakistan, de l'Inde, du Bangladesh et du Népal ...

Argent mobile et développement local | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet consistera à étudier différentes applications financières mobiles afin de comprendre comment elles s'inscrivent dans le développement économique local. Les chercheurs élaboreront ensuite un modèle qui permettra aux décideurs et aux organismes de réglementation de saisir les possibles avantages et ...

Inde | Page 3 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le développement ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Read more about Know Violence in Childhood – Inde : Défense des droits, communication et mobilisation des médias. Langue French. Read more about Comprendre l'accès aux outils numériques et leur utilisation dans les pays du Sud. Langue French. Read more about Soutien technique aux projets pilotes de couverture ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 13 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Un projet novateur de santé mobile offre de l'information essentielle en matière de grossesse et de soins aux jeunes enfants à des Vietnamiennes issues de minorités ethniques n'ayant pas accès aux services de santé classiques. Date de publication. 29 janvier 2018. Research in Action. Health HEALTH EQUITY ...

Vaincre la violence grâce aux institutions locales - étude ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Alors que la Colombie cherche une solution au conflit, le projet fera la lumière sur la façon dont la violence a transformé les relations entre l'État et la société, de même que les institutions étatiques qui sont souvent des agents de ces relations. Le projet permettra également de documenter les approches positives visant à ...

The Value of Information from a GRACE-Enhanced Drought Severity Index

Science.gov (United States)

Kuwayama, Y.; Bernknopf, R.; Macauley, M.; Brookshire, D.; Zaitchik, B. F.; Rodell, M.

2013-12-01

Water storage anomalies derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Data Assimilation System (GRACE-DAS) have been used to enhance the information contained in drought indicators. The potential value of this information is to inform local and regional decisions to improve economic welfare in the face of drought. Based on a characterization of current drought evaluations, a modeling framework has been structured to analyze the contributed value of the Earth observations in the assessment of the onset and duration of droughts and their regional impacts. The analysis focuses on (1) characterizing how GRACE-DAS provides Earth observation information for a drought warning, (2) assessing how a GRACE-DAS-enhanced U.S. Drought Monitor would improve economic outcomes in a region, and (3) applying this enhancement process in a decision framework to illustrate the potential role of GRACE data products in a recent drought and response scenario for a value-of-information (VOI) analysis. The VOI analysis quantifies the relative contribution of enhanced understanding and communication of the societal benefits associated with GRACE Earth observation science. Our emphasis is to illustrate the role of an enhanced National Integrated Drought Information System outlook on three key societal outcomes: effects on particular economic sectors, changes in land management decisions, and reductions in damages to ecosystem services.

New GRACE-Derived Storage Change Estimates Using Empirical Mode Extraction

Science.gov (United States)

Aierken, A.; Lee, H.; Yu, H.; Ate, P.; Hossain, F.; Basnayake, S. B.; Jayasinghe, S.; Saah, D. S.; Shum, C. K.

2017-12-01

Estimated mass change from GRACE spherical harmonic solutions have north/south stripes and east/west banded errors due to random noise and modeling errors. Low pass filters like decorrelation and Gaussian smoothing are typically applied to reduce noise and errors. However, these filters introduce leakage errors that need to be addressed. GRACE mascon estimates (JPL and CSR mascon solutions) do not need decorrelation or Gaussian smoothing and offer larger signal magnitudes compared to the GRACE spherical harmonics (SH) filtered results. However, a recent study [Chen et al., JGR, 2017] demonstrated that both JPL and CSR mascon solutions also have leakage errors. We developed a new postprocessing method based on empirical mode decomposition to estimate mass change from GRACE SH solutions without decorrelation and Gaussian smoothing, the two main sources of leakage errors. We found that, without any post processing, the noise and errors in spherical harmonic solutions introduced very clear high frequency components in the spatial domain. By removing these high frequency components and reserve the overall pattern of the signal, we obtained better mass estimates with minimum leakage errors. The new global mass change estimates captured all the signals observed by GRACE without the stripe errors. Results were compared with traditional methods over the Tonle Sap Basin in Cambodia, Northwestern India, Central Valley in California, and the Caspian Sea. Our results provide larger signal magnitudes which are in good agreement with the leakage corrected (forward modeled) SH results.

77 FR 73452 - Grace Period Study

Science.gov (United States)

2012-12-10

... survey may be distributed in waves for convenience. The Grace Period Study survey will be an electronic... information that is used for sampling purposes will be maintained in a separate file from the quantitative...

Kantian Grace as Ethical Gymnastics

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vanden Auweele, Dennis

2017-01-01

Kant’s concept of grace in Religion within the Bounds of Mere Reason is a difficult topic, exegetically speaking. Obviously enough, Kant subscribes positively to a notion of divine assistance. This appears awkward given his rationalist ethics rooted in personal autonomy. This has given cause to

Greenland ice mass balance from GPS, GRACE and ICESat

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Khan, Shfaqat Abbas; Kjær, Kurt H.; Korsgaard, Niels Jákup

Greenland, using stereoscopic coverage by aerial photographs recorded in 1985, and subsequent comparative surface elevation data from ICESat (Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite) and ATM (Airborne Topographic Mapper) supplemented with measurements from GPS and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment...... (GRACE) satellite gravity mission, launched in March, 2002. The GRACE results provide a direct measure of mass loss, while the GPS data are used to monitor crustal uplift caused by ice mass loss close to the GPS sites....

General Assembly

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2015-01-01

Mardi 5 mai à 11 h 00 Salle 13-2-005 Conformément aux statuts de l’Association du personnel, une Assemblée générale ordinaire est organisée une fois par année (article IV.2.1). Projet d’ordre du jour : 1- Adoption de l’ordre du jour. 2- Approbation du procès-verbal de l’Assemblée générale ordinaire du 22 mai 2014. 3- Présentation et approbation du rapport d’activités 2014. 4- Présentation et approbation du rapport financier 2014. 5- Présentation et approbation du rapport des vérificateurs aux comptes pour 2014. 6- Programme 2015. 7- Présentation et approbation du projet de budget 2015 et taux de cotisation pour 2015. 8- Pas de modifications aux Statuts de l'Association du personnel proposée. 9- Élections des membres de la Commission é...

General Assembly

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2016-01-01

Mardi 5 avril à 11 h 00 BE Auditorium Meyrin (6-2-024) Conformément aux statuts de l’Association du personnel, une Assemblée générale ordinaire est organisée une fois par année (article IV.2.1). Projet d’ordre du jour : Adoption de l’ordre du jour. Approbation du procès-verbal de l’Assemblée générale ordinaire du 5 mai 2015. Présentation et approbation du rapport d’activités 2015. Présentation et approbation du rapport financier 2015. Présentation et approbation du rapport des vérificateurs aux comptes pour 2015. Programme de travail 2016. Présentation et approbation du projet de budget 2016 Approbation du taux de cotisation pour 2017. Modifications aux Statuts de l'Association du personnel proposée. Élections des membres de la Commissio...

General assembly

CERN Multimedia

Staff Association

2015-01-01

Mardi 5 mai à 11 h 00 Salle 13-2-005 Conformément aux statuts de l’Association du personnel, une Assemblée générale ordinaire est organisée une fois par année (article IV.2.1). Projet d’ordre du jour : Adoption de l’ordre du jour. Approbation du procès-verbal de l’Assemblée générale ordinaire du 22 mai 2014. Présentation et approbation du rapport d’activités 2014. Présentation et approbation du rapport financier 2014. Présentation et approbation du rapport des vérificateurs aux comptes pour 2014. Programme 2015. Présentation et approbation du projet de budget 2015 et taux de cotisation pour 2015. Pas de modifications aux Statuts de l'Association du personnel proposée. Élections des membres de la Commission électorale. &am...

Les migrantes, la sécurité économique et le défi de la réintégration ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet portera sur la réintégration de Philippines revenant au pays après leur passage dans les importants centres d'activités de Hong Kong, Taïwan et Singapour. La recherche sera dirigée par aidha, un organisme à but non lucratif qui offre aux travailleuses migrantes, en particulier aux aides familiales, des formations ...

Réforme des marchés du travail en Birmanie (Myanmar) | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

À mesure que la Birmanie (Myanmar) poursuivra sa transition vers un pluralisme politique et une économie de marché, il sera essentiel que le pays établisse un marché du travail efficace et équitable. Ce projet vise à fournir aux décideurs et aux intervenants des données probantes pour appuyer ce développement.

Le rôle des intervenants non gouvernementaux dans le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet servira à déterminer les facteurs stratégiques et réglementaires qui ont contribué ou nui aux efforts visant à permettre aux fournisseurs non gouvernementaux de participer au renforcement des systèmes de santé. Le rôle des fournisseurs de ... Climate Change and Water Adaptation Options. The impacts of climate ...

La participation de la collectivité aide à améliorer la santé au ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

29 janv. 2018 ... Un projet novateur de santé mobile appelé MOS@N aide les populations vulnérables du district de Nouna, au Burkina Faso, à être en meilleure santé et à profiter d'un plus grand accès aux services de santé. Le projet a également contribué à améliorer la situation des travailleuses de la santé en dissipant ...

Towards Designing Graceful Degradation into Trajectory Based Operations: A Human-Machine System Integration Approach

Science.gov (United States)

Edwards, Tamsyn; Lee, Paul

2017-01-01

One of the most fundamental changes to the air traffic management system in NextGen is the concept of trajectory based operations (TBO). With the introduction of such change, system safety and resilience is a critical concern, in particular, the ability of systems to gracefully degrade. In order to design graceful degradation into a TBO envrionment, knowledge of the potential causes of degradation, and appropriate solutions, is required. In addition, previous research has predominantly explored the technological contribution to graceful degradation, frequently neglecting to consider the role of the human operator, specifically, air traffic controllers (ATCOs). This is out of step with real-world operations, and potentially limits an ecologically valid understanding of achieving graceful degradation in an air traffic control (ATC) environment. The following literature review aims to identify and summarize the literature to date on the potential causes of degradation in ATC and the solutions that may be applied within a TBO context, with a specific focus on the contribution of the air traffic controller. A framework of graceful degradation, developed from the literature, is presented. It is argued that in order to achieve graceful degradation within TBO, a human-system integration approach must be applied.

Using GPS and GRACE data to assess Solid Earth elastic parameters at regional scale

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Barletta, Valentina Roberta; Borghi, A.; Aoudia, A.

2012-01-01

We propose a way to combine GPS and GRACE data for regional scale cross check and validation especially of the most commonly used PREM (Preliminary Earth Reference Model). In form of h and k Love numbers, global PREM is very often used to simulate elastic rebound due to present-day ice mass loss......, to derive the mass distribution produced by the observed GRACE time series, and it is also used for atmospheric loading correction both in GPS and in GRACE dealiasing products. GRACE data provide load estimates, usually given as water equivalent mass distribution, from which one derives the Earth elastic...... response, by convolution with suitable elastic green functions, relying on selected Earth model and related layering and elastic parameters. We calculate at regional scale the time series of monthly uplift associated with the mass redistribution observed by GRACE implementing the high resolution technique...

Low-degree gravity change from GPS data of COSMIC and GRACE satellite missions

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Tingjung; Hwang, Cheinway; Tseng, Tzu-Pang; Chao, B. F.

2012-01-01

This paper demonstrates estimation of time-varying gravity harmonic coefficients from GPS data of COSMIC and GRACE satellite missions. The kinematic orbits of COSMIC and GRACE are determined to the cm-level accuracy. The NASA Goddard's GEODYN II software is used to model the orbit dynamics of COSMIC and GRACE, including the effect of a static gravity field. The surface forces are estimated per one orbital period. Residual orbits generated from kinematic and reference orbits serve as observables to determine the harmonic coefficients in the weighted-constraint least-squares. The monthly COSMIC and GRACE GPS data from September 2006 to December 2007 (16 months) are processed to estimate harmonic coefficients to degree 5. The geoid variations from the GPS and CSR RL04 (GRACE) solutions show consistent patterns over space and time, especially in regions of active hydrological changes. The monthly GPS-derived second zonal coefficient closely resembles the SLR-derived and CSR RL04 values, and third and fourth zonal coefficients resemble the CSR RL04 values.

Résultats de recherche | Page 26 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Projet de recherche sur les sexospécificités et les TIC en Afrique (GRACE) ... Bilan social des services sanitaires dans les collectivités de deux districts de l' ... Les subtilités des interactions entre les technologies de l'information et de la ...

Une estimation de la précarité des patients recourant à la médecine générale en centres de santé. Le cas des centres de santé du projet Epidaure-CDS

OpenAIRE

Anissa Afrite; Julien Mousques; Yann Bourgueil

2015-01-01

Le projet exploratoire Epidaure-CDS a pour objectif principal d’analyser la spécificité des centres de santé (CDS) dans l’offre de soins et de déterminer s’ils jouent un rôle particulier dans la réduction des inégalités sociales de santé, notamment en facilitant l’accès aux soins primaires pour les personnes en situation de précarité ou de vulnérabilité sociale, ce qui n’a été que peu exploré jusqu’à présent. Il s’agit ici d’estimer en quoi la population recourant à la médecine générale dans ...

Using GRACE Satellite Gravimetry for Assessing Large-Scale Hydrologic Extremes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander Y. Sun

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Global assessment of the spatiotemporal variability in terrestrial total water storage anomalies (TWSA in response to hydrologic extremes is critical for water resources management. Using TWSA derived from the gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE satellites, this study systematically assessed the skill of the TWSA-climatology (TC approach and breakpoint (BP detection method for identifying large-scale hydrologic extremes. The TC approach calculates standardized anomalies by using the mean and standard deviation of the GRACE TWSA corresponding to each month. In the BP detection method, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD is first applied to identify the mean return period of TWSA extremes, and then a statistical procedure is used to identify the actual occurrence times of abrupt changes (i.e., BPs in TWSA. Both detection methods were demonstrated on basin-averaged TWSA time series for the world’s 35 largest river basins. A nonlinear event coincidence analysis measure was applied to cross-examine abrupt changes detected by these methods with those detected by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI. Results show that our EMD-assisted BP procedure is a promising tool for identifying hydrologic extremes using GRACE TWSA data. Abrupt changes detected by the BP method coincide well with those of the SPI anomalies and with documented hydrologic extreme events. Event timings obtained by the TC method were ambiguous for a number of river basins studied, probably because the GRACE data length is too short to derive long-term climatology at this time. The BP approach demonstrates a robust wet-dry anomaly detection capability, which will be important for applications with the upcoming GRACE Follow-On mission.

Global evaluation of new GRACE mascon products for hydrologic applications

Science.gov (United States)

Scanlon, Bridget R.; Zhang, Zizhan; Save, Himanshu; Wiese, David N.; Landerer, Felix W.; Long, Di; Longuevergne, Laurent; Chen, Jianli

2016-12-01

Recent developments in mascon (mass concentration) solutions for GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite data have significantly increased the spatial localization and amplitude of recovered terrestrial Total Water Storage anomalies (TWSA); however, land hydrology applications have been limited. Here we compare TWSA from April 2002 through March 2015 from (1) newly released GRACE mascons from the Center for Space Research (CSR-M) with (2) NASA JPL mascons (JPL-M), and with (3) CSR Tellus gridded spherical harmonics rescaled (sf) (CSRT-GSH.sf) in 176 river basins, ˜60% of the global land area. Time series in TWSA mascons (CSR-M and JPL-M) and spherical harmonics are highly correlated (rank correlation coefficients mostly >0.9). The signal from long-term trends (up to ±20 mm/yr) is much less than that from seasonal amplitudes (up to 250 mm). Net long-term trends, summed over all 176 basins, are similar for CSR and JPL mascons (66-69 km3/yr) but are lower for spherical harmonics (˜14 km3/yr). Long-term TWSA declines are found mostly in irrigated basins (-41 to -69 km3/yr). Seasonal amplitudes agree among GRACE solutions, increasing confidence in GRACE-based seasonal fluctuations. Rescaling spherical harmonics significantly increases agreement with mascons for seasonal fluctuations, but less for long-term trends. Mascons provide advantages relative to spherical harmonics, including (1) reduced leakage from land to ocean increasing signal amplitude, and (2) application of geophysical data constraints during processing with little empirical postprocessing requirements, making it easier for nongeodetic users. Results of this product intercomparison should allow hydrologists to better select suitable GRACE solutions for hydrologic applications.

Dynamics of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current as seen by GRACE (Invited)

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, M.; Dobslaw, H.; Bergmann, I.

2010-12-01

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current, being the strongest and longest ocean current on Earth, connects the three great ocean basins and contributes substantially to the global re-distribution of water masses, with a significant impact on global climate. Observational coverage from in-situ measurements is sparse due to the harsh environmental conditions, and satellite altimetry does not capture the full extent of the current due to seasonal sea-ice coverage. Ocean bottom pressure variations as sensed with the satellite gravity mission GRACE provide a promising way to broaden our observational basis. Besides monthly mean gravity fields that provide ocean bottom pressure variations averaged over 30 days, several alternative GRACE products with higher temporal resolution have been developed during the most recent years. These include 10-day solutions from GRGS Toulouse, weekly solutions from the GFZ Potsdam as well as constrained daily solutions from the University of Bonn which have been obtained by means of a Kalman filtering approach. In this presentation, ocean bottom pressure derived from these alternative GRACE releases will be contrasted against both in-situ observations and output from a numerical ocean model, highlighting the additional information contained in these GRACE solutions with respect to the standard monthly fields. By means of statistical analyses of ocean bottom pressure variations and barotropic transports it will be demonstrated how these new GRACE releases are contributing to our understanding of this highly dynamic great ocean conveyor.

Measuring Earth: Current status of the GRACE Follow-On Laser Ranging Interferometer

Science.gov (United States)

Schütze, Daniel; LRI Team

2016-05-01

The GRACE mission that was launched in 2002 has impressively proven the feasibility of low-orbit satellite-to-satellite tracking for Earth gravity observations. Especially mass transport related to Earth's hydrological system could be well resolved both spatially and temporally. This allows to study processes such as polar ice sheet decline and ground water depletion in great detail. Owing to GRACE's success, NASA and GFZ will launch the successor mission GRACE Follow-On in 2017. In addition to the microwave ranging system, GRACE Follow-On will be the first mission to use a Laser Ranging Interferometer as technology demonstrator to track intersatellite distance changes with unprecedented precision. This new ranging device inherits some of the technologies which have been developed for the future spaceborne gravitational wave detector LISA. I will present the architecture of the Laser Ranging Interferometer, point out similarities and differences to LISA, and conclude with the current status of the flight hardware production.

Grace Murray Hopper - Programming Pioneer

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education; Volume 6; Issue 2. Grace Murray Hopper - Programming Pioneer. V Rajaraman. Article-in-a-Box Volume 6 Issue 2 February 2001 pp 2-3. Fulltext. Click here to view fulltext PDF. Permanent link: https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/reso/006/02/0002-0003 ...

Temperature corrected-calibration of GRACE's accelerometer

Science.gov (United States)

Encarnacao, J.; Save, H.; Siemes, C.; Doornbos, E.; Tapley, B. D.

2017-12-01

Since April 2011, the thermal control of the accelerometers on board the GRACE satellites has been turned off. The time series of along-track bias clearly show a drastic change in the behaviour of this parameter, while the calibration model has remained unchanged throughout the entire mission lifetime. In an effort to improve the quality of the gravity field models produced at CSR in future mission-long re-processing of GRACE data, we quantify the added value of different calibration strategies. In one approach, the temperature effects that distort the raw accelerometer measurements collected without thermal control are corrected considering the housekeeping temperature readings. In this way, one single calibration strategy can be consistently applied during the whole mission lifetime, since it is valid to thermal the conditions before and after April 2011. Finally, we illustrate that the resulting calibrated accelerations are suitable for neutral thermospheric density studies.

Regional GRACE-based estimates of water mass variations over Australia: validation and interpretation

Science.gov (United States)

Seoane, L.; Ramillien, G.; Frappart, F.; Leblanc, M.

2013-04-01

Time series of regional 2°-by-2° GRACE solutions have been computed from 2003 to 2011 with a 10 day resolution by using an energy integral method over Australia [112° E 156° E; 44° S 10° S]. This approach uses the dynamical orbit analysis of GRACE Level 1 measurements, and specially accurate along-track K Band Range Rate (KBRR) residuals (1 μm s-1 level of error) to estimate the total water mass over continental regions. The advantages of regional solutions are a significant reduction of GRACE aliasing errors (i.e. north-south stripes) providing a more accurate estimation of water mass balance for hydrological applications. In this paper, the validation of these regional solutions over Australia is presented as well as their ability to describe water mass change as a reponse of climate forcings such as El Niño. Principal component analysis of GRACE-derived total water storage maps show spatial and temporal patterns that are consistent with independent datasets (e.g. rainfall, climate index and in-situ observations). Regional TWS show higher spatial correlations with in-situ water table measurements over Murray-Darling drainage basin (80-90%), and they offer a better localization of hydrological structures than classical GRACE global solutions (i.e. Level 2 GRGS products and 400 km ICA solutions as a linear combination of GFZ, CSR and JPL GRACE solutions).

Résultats de recherche | Page 3 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Application des innovations liées aux légumineuses pour la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle dans le sud de l'Éthiopie (FCRSAI, phase II). L'Éthiopie présente l'un des taux de prévalence les plus élevés au monde quant à la malnutrition protéinocalorique et aux carences en micronutriments. Projet ...

Comité consultatif d'éthique de la recherche du CRDI | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le CRDI appuie de nombreux projets de recherche qui soulèvent des enjeux éthiques. C'est pourquoi il a mis sur pied le Comité consultatif d'éthique de la recherche (CoCER), lequel fournit une orientation aux employés du CRDI aux prises avec des questions d'ordre éthique qui se posent dans le cadre de travaux de ...

Coordonnateur, Gestion des documents | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Classifier, indexer, faire des références croisées et identifier les documents relatifs aux projets et aux activités administratives du CRDI en attribuant, conformément au plan de classification des documents du Centre, le numéro de dossier et le titre appropriés de chaque dossier et les mots-clés servant à la recherche;.

Accroissement de la participation des peuples autochtones en vue ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Accroissement de la participation des peuples autochtones en vue de s'attaquer à la discrimination et de favoriser l'équité dans les systèmes de santé. Ce nouveau projet de recherche aidera les peuples autochtones d'Amérique latine à s'attaquer aux inégalités, à la discrimination raciale et aux autres obstacles qui les ...

Étude comparative des transferts financiers intergouvernementaux ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Aux Philippines, on estime à 14 % la proportion d'écoliers qui souffrent de malnutrition aiguë. Les écoles offrent des voies stratégiques et ciblées pour fournir une alimentation nutritive aux enfants et, indirectement, à leurs familles et leurs collectivités. Un projet de recherche d'une durée de trois ans (de 2012 à 2015) a mis ...

Inter-comparison of GRACE data over India

Science.gov (United States)

Banerjee, Chandan; Kumar, D. Nagesh

2016-05-01

The advent of satellite remote sensing and its use in hydrology has facilitated a huge leap in the understanding of the various water resources, its interaction with ecological systems and anthropogenic creations. Recently, NASA and German Aerospace Research Agency-DLR launched the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission consisting of two satellites. They measure the time varying gravity which gives changes in the distribution of mass on the surface of the earth which after removing atmospheric and oceanic effects is majorly caused by changes in Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) changes. GRACE data is generally available as spherical harmonic coefficients, which is difficult for hydrologists to understand and interpret. JPL's TELLUS website is now providing gridded global data set in the form of mass anomaly derived from the Level-2 data sets of spherical harmonic coefficients of 3 sources, viz. CSR, GFZ and JPL. Before using these data sets for solving hydrological problems, it is important to understand the differences and similarities between these data sets as direct calibration of GRACE data is not possible. In this study we do an inter-comparison of the Level-3 Release 05 data sets over India. We compare the data sets using Pearson, Spearman and Kendall correlation. CSR and GFZ data sets appear to be closest to each other whereas JPL and GFZ data sets are most different from each other.

Using Tikhonov Regularization for Spatial Projections from CSR Regularized Spherical Harmonic GRACE Solutions

Science.gov (United States)

Save, H.; Bettadpur, S. V.

2013-12-01

It has been demonstrated before that using Tikhonov regularization produces spherical harmonic solutions from GRACE that have very little residual stripes while capturing all the signal observed by GRACE within the noise level. This paper demonstrates a two-step process and uses Tikhonov regularization to remove the residual stripes in the CSR regularized spherical harmonic coefficients when computing the spatial projections. We discuss methods to produce mass anomaly grids that have no stripe features while satisfying the necessary condition of capturing all observed signal within the GRACE noise level.

Radial and tangential gravity rates from GRACE in areas of glacial isostatic adjustment

Science.gov (United States)

van der Wal, Wouter; Kurtenbach, Enrico; Kusche, Jürgen; Vermeersen, Bert

2011-11-01

In areas dominated by Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA), the free-air gravity anomaly rate can be converted to uplift rate to good approximation by using a simple spectral relation. We provide quantitative comparisons between gravity rates derived from monthly gravity field solutions (GFZ Potsdam, CSR Texas, IGG Bonn) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission with uplift rates measured by GPS in these areas. The band-limited gravity data from the GRACE satellite mission can be brought to very good agreement with the point data from GPS by using scaling factors derived from a GIA model (the root-mean-square of differences is 0.55 mm yr-1 for a maximum uplift rate signal of 10 mm yr-1). The root-mean-square of the differences between GRACE derived uplift rates and GPS derived uplift rates decreases with increasing GRACE time period to a level below the uncertainty that is expected from GRACE observations, GPS measurements and the conversion from gravity rate to uplift rate. With the current length of time-series (more than 8 yr) applying filters and a hydrology correction to the GRACE data does not reduce the root-mean-square of differences significantly. The smallest root-mean-square was obtained with the GFZ solution in Fennoscandia and with the CSR solution in North America. With radial gravity rates in excellent agreement with GPS uplift rates, more information on the GIA process can be extracted from GRACE gravity field solutions in the form of tangential gravity rates, which are equivalent to a rate of change in the deflection of the vertical scaled by the magnitude of gravity rate vector. Tangential gravity rates derived from GRACE point towards the centre of the previously glaciated area, and are largest in a location close to the centre of the former ice sheet. Forward modelling showed that present day tangential gravity rates have maximum sensitivity between the centre and edge of the former ice sheet, while radial gravity

Preliminary Results from Powell Research Group on Integrating GRACE Satellite and Ground-based Estimates of Groundwater Storage Changes

Science.gov (United States)

Scanlon, B. R.; Zhang, Z.; Reitz, M.; Rodell, M.; Sanford, W. E.; Save, H.; Wiese, D. N.; Croteau, M. J.; McGuire, V. L.; Pool, D. R.; Faunt, C. C.; Zell, W.

2017-12-01

Groundwater storage depletion is a critical issue for many of the major aquifers in the U.S., particularly during intense droughts. GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite-based estimates of groundwater storage changes have attracted considerable media attention in the U.S. and globally and interest in GRACE products continues to increase. For this reason, a Powell Research Group was formed to: (1) Assess variations in groundwater storage using a variety of GRACE products and other storage components (snow, surface water, and soil moisture) for major aquifers in the U.S., (2) Quantify long-term trends in groundwater storage from ground-based monitoring and regional and national modeling, and (3) Use ground-based monitoring and modeling to interpret GRACE water storage changes within the context of extreme droughts and over-exploitation of groundwater. The group now has preliminary estimates from long-term trends and seasonal fluctuations in water storage using different GRACE solutions, including CSR, JPL and GSFC. Approaches to quantifying uncertainties in GRACE data are included. This work also shows how GRACE sees groundwater depletion in unconfined versus confined aquifers, and plans for future work will link GRACE data to regional groundwater models. The wealth of ground-based observations for the U.S. provides a unique opportunity to assess the reliability of GRACE-based estimates of groundwater storage changes.

Insights about data assimilation frameworks for integrating GRACE with hydrological models

Science.gov (United States)

Schumacher, Maike; Kusche, Jürgen; Van Dijk, Albert I. J. M.; Döll, Petra; Schuh, Wolf-Dieter

2016-04-01

Improving the understanding of changes in the water cycle represents a challenging objective that requires merging information from various disciplines. Debates exist on selecting an appropriate assimilation technique to integrate GRACE-derived terrestrial water storage changes (TWSC) into hydrological models in order to downscale and disaggregate GRACE TWSC, overcome model limitations, and improve monitoring and forecast skills. Yet, the effect of the specific data assimilation technique in conjunction with ill-conditioning, colored noise, resolution mismatch between GRACE and model, and other complications is still unclear. Due to its simplicity, ensemble Kalman filters or smoothers (EnKF/S) are often applied. In this study, we show that modification of the filter approach might open new avenues to improve the integration process. Particularly, we discuss an improved calibration and data assimilation (C/DA) framework (Schumacher et al., 2016), which is based on the EnKF and was extended by the square root analysis scheme (SQRA) and the singular evolutive interpolated Kalman (SEIK) filter. In addition, we discuss an off-line data blending approach (Van Dijk et al., 2014) that offers the chance to merge multi-model ensembles with GRACE observations. The investigations include: (i) a theoretical comparison, focusing on similarities and differences of the conceptual formulation of the filter algorithms, (ii) a practical comparison, for which the approaches were applied to an ensemble of runs of the WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model (WGHM), as well as (iii) an impact assessment of the GRACE error structure on C/DA results. First, a synthetic experiment over the Mississippi River Basin (USA) was used to gain insights about the C/DA set-up before applying it to real data. The results indicated promising performances when considering alternative methods, e.g. applying the SEIK algorithm improved the correlation coefficient and root mean square error (RMSE) of TWSC by 0

GRACE, time-varying gravity, Earth system dynamics and climate change

Science.gov (United States)

Wouters, B.; Bonin, J. A.; Chambers, D. P.; Riva, R. E. M.; Sasgen, I.; Wahr, J.

2014-11-01

Continuous observations of temporal variations in the Earth's gravity field have recently become available at an unprecedented resolution of a few hundreds of kilometers. The gravity field is a product of the Earth's mass distribution, and these data—provided by the satellites of the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE)—can be used to study the exchange of mass both within the Earth and at its surface. Since the launch of the mission in 2002, GRACE data has evolved from being an experimental measurement needing validation from ground truth, to a respected tool for Earth scientists representing a fixed bound on the total change and is now an important tool to help unravel the complex dynamics of the Earth system and climate change. In this review, we present the mission concept and its theoretical background, discuss the data and give an overview of the major advances GRACE has provided in Earth science, with a focus on hydrology, solid Earth sciences, glaciology and oceanography.

Gestion intégrée de l'eau urbaine et rurale pour une adaptation ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet de recherche permettra à deux villes indiennes de taille moyenne et à leurs bassins de passer à une approche de gestion de l'eau intégrée et résistante aux changements climatiques, ce qui assurera une meilleure sécurité hydrique aux résidents. Manque de sécurité hydrique en Inde Les villes de l'Asie du Sud ...

ITSG-Grace2016 data preprocessing methodologies revisited: impact of using Level-1A data products

Science.gov (United States)

Klinger, Beate; Mayer-Gürr, Torsten

2017-04-01

For the ITSG-Grace2016 release, the gravity field recovery is based on the use of official GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) Level-1B data products, generated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Before gravity field recovery, the Level-1B instrument data are preprocessed. This data preprocessing step includes the combination of Level-1B star camera (SCA1B) and angular acceleration (ACC1B) data for an improved attitude determination (sensor fusion), instrument data screening and ACC1B data calibration. Based on a Level-1A test dataset, provided for individual month throughout the GRACE period by the Center of Space Research at the University of Texas at Austin (UTCSR), the impact of using Level-1A instead of Level-1B data products within the ITSG-Grace2016 processing chain is analyzed. We discuss (1) the attitude determination through an optimal combination of SCA1A and ACC1A data using our sensor fusion approach, (2) the impact of the new attitude product on temporal gravity field solutions, and (3) possible benefits of using Level-1A data for instrument data screening and calibration. As the GRACE mission is currently reaching its end-of-life, the presented work aims not only at a better understanding of GRACE science data to reduce the impact of possible error sources on the gravity field recovery, but it also aims at preparing Level-1A data handling capabilities for the GRACE Follow-On mission.

[Management of NSTEMI in a hospital without interventional cardiology and without use of GRACE score: Does the clinician appreciation match the GRACE score calculated retrospectively for the coronarography delay?

Science.gov (United States)

Bouriche, F; Yvorra, S; Hassan, A; Paganelli, F; Bonello, L; Luigi, S; Attia, F

2017-11-01

The management of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS) remains an issue for mobidity, mortality, and an economic stake. The first aim of the study was to evaluate the additional value of the GRACE score for the compliance with the recommended times to coronary angiography in an hospital without interventional cardiology. We also analysed the in-hospital and 6-month mortality and the predictive factors of compliance for the coronarography delays. Retrospective monocenter cross-sectional study including consecutive patients with chest pain suggestive of a NSTEACS during 1 year. Data of the delay to coronarography were collected and GRACE score was calculated a posteriori. The time to perform coronary angiography was non-compliant in 49% of cases (27 patients out of 55). The calculation of the GRACE score would have allowed correcting the delay for two patients of our cohort. Clinical appreciation, troponin elevation, ECG modifications were associated with the delay compliance. Age <75 years predisposed to recommended delays. Renal failure and history of coronaropathy were significantly associated with non compliant delays. A non-compliant delay was significantly associated with higher mortality. In our experience, the knowledge of the GRACE score had little impact on the timing of coronary angiography. However, as a predictor of mid and long term mortality, GRACE score remains SCA ST+ useful to intensify surveillance of high-risk patients. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Bourse du CRDI aux chercheurs candidats au doctorat 2017 | CRDI ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Cet appel à propositions s'adresse aux citoyens canadiens, aux résidents permanents du Canada et aux citoyens de pays en développement inscrits au doctorat dans une université canadienne. Qui peut présenter une demande. Pour être admissible, vous devez remplir les conditions suivantes : Être citoyen canadien ou ...

Les vehicules spatiaux a source d'energie solaire Le Projet Phaetan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. VERNET-LOZET

1964-06-01

Full Text Available II est permis, a priori au moins, d'envisager un assez
grand nombre de mdtliodes pour transformer l'6nergie solaire en energie
utilisable pour la propulsion d'un vehicule spatial. Toutefois dans la mesure
ou 1'on s'impose un certain nombre de conditions, entre autres celle de
produire une poussee qui ne soit pas parfaitement negligeable devant le
poids du vehicule, on constate que dans l'etat actuel de nos connaissances
et de nos possibilitcs technologiques, il n'est guere raisonnable de penser
utiliser une autre methode que celle, bien classique et sans doute demodee
aux yeux de certains qui eonsiste a passer par l'intermediaire d'une machine
thermique.
II apparait clairement d'ailleurs que l'originalite d'un tel mode de
propulsion ne reside pas dans le systeme de propulsion lui-meme qui pourra
etre n'importe quel type de propulseur electrique, le clioix pouvant etre
fait en fonction de la mission que l'on se propose d'effectuer et de la charge
utile que l'on desire transporter, mais au contraire dans la conception de
l'ensemble constitue par le miroir, la machine thermique et le condenseur.
Nous nous proposons sur la base du projet « Phaeton » actuelleinent en
cours d'etude a la Societe d'Etude de la Propulsion par Reaction, d'examiner
un peu plus en detail qu'il ne l'a ete fait jusqu'ici, quels iinperatifs regissent
le dimensionnement d'une telle machine.

Un projet de développement forestier au Niger : problèmes d'adaptation des objectifs initiaux aux contraintes de réalisation

OpenAIRE

Clément, Jean

1986-01-01

Comme tous les pays du Sahel, le Niger est affronté à de graves problèmes de désertification et de déboisement dont les causes sont diverses : sécheresses successives,intensification du paturage provoquée par l'accroissement des troupeaux, consommation accrue de bois de feu... Sur la base d'une population totale de 6 OOO OOO habitants, la consommation de bois de feu peut être estimée à environ 4 OOO OOO m3 qu'il faut comparer aux 3 OOO OOO m3 d'accroissement en volume annuel des peuplements n...

Réaliser un projet en communication événementielle. : Le plan de communication événementielle

OpenAIRE

Stockinger, Peter

2017-01-01

Licence; Principaux sujets traités dans ce séminaire:1) La communication hors médias.2) La communication événementielle.3) Le projet événementiel: définition et conception d’un projet événementiel.

Comparison of precision orbit derived density estimates for CHAMP and GRACE satellites

Science.gov (United States)

Fattig, Eric Dale

Current atmospheric density models cannot adequately represent the density variations observed by satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Using an optimal orbit determination process, precision orbit ephemerides (POE) are used as measurement data to generate corrections to density values obtained from existing atmospheric models. Densities obtained using these corrections are then compared to density data derived from the onboard accelerometers of satellites, specifically the CHAMP and GRACE satellites. This comparison takes two forms, cross correlation analysis and root mean square analysis. The densities obtained from the POE method are nearly always superior to the empirical models, both in matching the trends observed by the accelerometer (cross correlation), and the magnitudes of the accelerometer derived density (root mean square). In addition, this method consistently produces better results than those achieved by the High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model (HASDM). For satellites orbiting Earth that pass through Earth's upper atmosphere, drag is the primary source of uncertainty in orbit determination and prediction. Variations in density, which are often not modeled or are inaccurately modeled, cause difficulty in properly calculating the drag acting on a satellite. These density variations are the result of many factors; however, the Sun is the main driver in upper atmospheric density changes. The Sun influences the densities in Earth's atmosphere through solar heating of the atmosphere, as well as through geomagnetic heating resulting from the solar wind. Data are examined for fourteen hour time spans between November 2004 and July 2009 for both the CHAMP and GRACE satellites. This data spans all available levels of solar and geomagnetic activity, which does not include data in the elevated and high solar activity bins due to the nature of the solar cycle. Density solutions are generated from corrections to five different baseline atmospheric models, as well as

Aux origines de la science moderne

CERN Document Server

Rossi, Paolo

1999-01-01

Aux origines de la science moderne. " Lorsque l'on aborde l'étude d'une pensée qui n'est plus la nôtre, il est important de chercher à oublier ce que nous savons ou croyons savoir. " Pour appréhender cette période fondatrice que fut la Révolution scientifique du XVIIe siècle en Europe, Paolo Rossi nous replonge dans des atmosphères intellectuelles et des modes de pensée depuis longtemps disparus. Des secrets hermétiques aux calculs mathématiques, de la magie au magnétisme et des cabinets de curiosité aux premières académies des sciences défilent ainsi des notions et des individus qui, remis en toute simplicité dans le contexte de leur époque, retrouvent une épaisseur et un sens nouveaux. Ainsi racontée sous la forme d'une histoire des idées, l'histoire des sciences devient accessible à tous.

Le retour des jeunes diplômés en zone rurale au Maroc: Quelles interactions entre trajectoires individuelles et projets collectifs ?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nabila Aroussi Bachari

2015-06-01

Full Text Available l y a, dans les zones rurales du Maroc, une présence de plus en plus affirmée de jeunes diplômés. Ces jeunes peuvent jouer un rôle important pour le développement de ces zones rurales, mais à condition de se construire un rôle économique et social, qui leur permette de fonder un projet de vie en zone rurale. L’étude porte sur 11 jeunes diplômés qui ont initié des projets collectifs en zone rurale dans la province de Séfrou, grâce à des financements publics. Nous étudions les interactions entre les trajectoires individuelles de ces jeunes diplômés et leur projet collectif. Ces jeunes ont étudié voire travaillé pendant un temps en ville avant d’initier un projet collectif en zone rurale, à la fois du fait des difficultés d’insertion en ville mais aussi pour contribuer au développement de leur douar d’origine. Les projets de ces jeunes peuvent être d’ordre purement économique (coopérative de séchage de prune par exemple ou bien d’animation rurale. Plusieurs des jeunes enquêtés sont actifs à la fois dans la sphère économique et dans l’animation rurale, et jugent ces deux acticités comme complémentaires et non en opposition. Ces projets collectifs offrent à leur tour des opportunités de « projets de vie » en zone rurale pour ces jeunes. Si la capacité de ces projets de générer un revenu stable est un critère fort pour que ces jeunes se construisent un tel projet de vie en zone rurale, le rôle d’animateur de développement rural est aussi un élément important. Ces différents projets ont obtenu des financements publics de différents types qui ont, dans deux des quatre cas étudiés, explicitement pris en compte la présence de jeunes diplômés dans les projets. Cependant, ces financements ont souvent été accordés dans le cadre de démarches ponctuelles, qui pourraient être menées de façon plus institutionnalisée.

Time-variations of the regional evapotranspiration rate from GRACE satellite gravimetry

OpenAIRE

Ramillien , Guillaume; Frappart , Frédéric; Güntner , Andreas; Ngo-Duc , Thanh; Cazenave , Anny; Laval , Katia

2006-01-01

International audience; Since its launch in March 2002, the GRACE mission is measuring the global time variations of the Earth's gravity field with a current resolution of ~500 km. Especially over the continents, these measurements represent the integrated land water mass including surface waters (lakes, wetlands and rivers), soil moisture, groundwater and snow cover. In this study, we use the GRACE land water solutions computed by Ramillien et al. (2005a) through an iterative inversion of mo...

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Jeunes, politique et médias : enjeux de légitimités dans la Tunisie postrévolutionnaire. Projet ... Région: Egypt, Iraq, Palestine, Tunisia, Yemen ... ADMINISTRATION, PRIVATE SECTOR, Economic and social development, POLICY MAKING.

Résultats de recherche | Page 72 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Adaptation aux changements climatiques au Bénin - PRECAB : rapport technique final (avril 2011 - juin 2014). Le projet initié par l''ONG Initiatives pour un Développement durable (IDID) " Renforcement des connaissances économiques et de la ...

Renforcement du dialogue entre acteurs de la recherche agricole et ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Depuis, ce séminaire permanent de recherche agraire contribue au renforcement ... L'Association internationale de ressources en eau (IWRA), en étroite ... conclu un accord de coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets ...

Signal and noise in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observed surface mass variations

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schrama, E.J.O.; Wouters, B.; Lavallée, D.A.

2007-01-01

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) product used for this study consists of 43 monthly potential coefficient sets released by the GRACE science team which are used to generate surface mass thickness grids expressed as equivalent water heights (EQWHs). We optimized both the smoothing

Groundwater storage changes in arctic permafrost watersheds from GRACE and in situ measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muskett, Reginald R; Romanovsky, Vladimir E

2009-01-01

The Arctic permafrost regions make up the largest area component of the cryosphere. Observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission offer to provide a greater understanding of changes in water mass within permafrost regions. We investigate a GRACE monthly time series, snow water equivalent from the special scanning microwave imager (SSM/I), vegetation water content and soil moisture from the advanced microwave scanning radiometer for the Earth observation system (AMSR-E) and in situ discharge of the Lena, Yenisei, Ob', and Mackenzie watersheds. The GRACE water equivalent mass change responded to mass loading by snow accumulation in winter and mass unloading by runoff in spring-summer. Comparison of secular trends from GRACE to runoff suggests groundwater storage increased in the Lena and Yenisei watersheds, decreased in the Mackenzie watershed, and was unchanged in the Ob' watershed. We hypothesize that the groundwater storage changes are linked to the development of closed- and open-talik in the continuous permafrost zone and the decrease of permafrost lateral extent in the discontinuous permafrost zone of the watersheds.

Separation of GRACE geoid time-variations using Independent Component Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Frappart, F.; Ramillien, G.; Maisongrande, P.; Bonnet, M.

2009-12-01

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a blind separation method based on the simple assumptions of the independence of the sources and the non-Gaussianity of the observations. An approach based on this numerical method is used here to extract hydrological signals over land and oceans from the polluting striping noise due to orbit repetitiveness and present in the GRACE global mass anomalies. We took advantage of the availability of monthly Level-2 solutions from three official providers (i.e., CSR, JPL and GFZ) that can be considered as different observations of the same phenomenon. The efficiency of the methodology is first demonstrated on a synthetic case. Applied to one month of GRACE solutions, it allows to clearly separate the total water storage change from the meridional-oriented spurious gravity signals on the continents but not on the oceans. This technique gives results equivalent as the destriping method for continental water storage for the hydrological patterns with less smoothing. This methodology is then used to filter the complete series of the 2002-2009 GRACE solutions.

GRACE, time-varying gravity, Earth system dynamics and climate change

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wouters, B; Bonin, J A; Chambers, D P; Riva, R E M; Sasgen, I; Wahr, J

2014-01-01

Continuous observations of temporal variations in the Earth's gravity field have recently become available at an unprecedented resolution of a few hundreds of kilometers. The gravity field is a product of the Earth's mass distribution, and these data—provided by the satellites of the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE)—can be used to study the exchange of mass both within the Earth and at its surface. Since the launch of the mission in 2002, GRACE data has evolved from being an experimental measurement needing validation from ground truth, to a respected tool for Earth scientists representing a fixed bound on the total change and is now an important tool to help unravel the complex dynamics of the Earth system and climate change. In this review, we present the mission concept and its theoretical background, discuss the data and give an overview of the major advances GRACE has provided in Earth science, with a focus on hydrology, solid Earth sciences, glaciology and oceanography. (review article)

Glacial isostatic adjustment on the Northern Hemisphere - new results from GRACE

Science.gov (United States)

Mueller, J.; Steffen, H.; Gitlein, O.; Denker, H.; Timmen, L.

2007-12-01

The Earth's gravity field mapped by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission shows variations due to the integral effect of mass variations in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere. The Earth's gravity field is provided in form of monthly solutions by several institutions, e.~g. GFZ Potsdam, CSR and JPL. During the GRACE standard processing of these analysis centers, oceanic and atmospheric contributions as well as tidal effects are reduced. The solutions of the analysis centers differ slightly, which is due the application of different reduction models and center-specific processing schemes. We present our investigation of mass variations in the areas of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) in North America and Northern Europe from GRACE data. One key issue is the separation of GIA parts and the reduction of the observed quantities by applying dedicated filters (e.~g. isotropic, non-isotropic, and destriping filters) and global models of hydrological variations (e.~g. WGHM, LaDWorld, GLDAS). In a further step, we analyze the results of both regions regarding their reliability, and finally present a comparison to results of a geodynamical modeling and absolute gravity measurements. Our results clearly show that the quality of the GRACE-derived gravity- change signal benefits from improved reduction models and chosen analysis techniques. Nevertheless, the comparison to results of geodynamic models still reveals differences, and thus further studies are in progress.

Bangladesh : tous les projets | Page 6 | CRDI - Centre de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: TOBACCO, TOBACCO INDUSTRY, CROP DIVERSIFICATION. Région: Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Lebanon, Malawi, Viet Nam ... Mouvements transfrontaliers, migration des femmes et droits de la personne - une évaluation postcoloniale. Projet. Jusqu'à récemment, les femmes ont été exclues des analyses ...

Water balance of the Arctic drainage system using GRACE gravimetry products

OpenAIRE

Frappart, F; Ramillien, G; Famiglietti, JS

2011-01-01

International audience; Land water and snow mass anomalies versus time were computed from the inversion of 50 GRACE geoids (August 2002 to February 2007) from the RL04 GFZ release and used to characterize the hydrology of the Arctic drainage system. GRACE-based time series have been compared to snow water equivalent and snow depth climatologies, and snowfall for validation purpose. Time series of regional averages of water volume were estimated for the 11 largest Peri-Arctic basins. Strong co...

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: WATER SHORTAGE, CLIMATE CHANGE, ADAPTATION TO CHANGE, DISASTER ... Sujet: Internet, AUTOMATION, PUBLIC SERVICES ... Projet pilote sur la stimulation du commerce des services au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord.

Le projet de station touristique

OpenAIRE

Vlès, Vincent

1996-01-01

Cet ouvrage traite du savoir-faire du technicien, de l'ingénieur, du directeur d'office de tourisme qui façonne, depuis maintenant près de trois décennies, le territoire local de la production touristique : la station. Il analyse les stratégies, les mises en œuvre, les pratiques de l'aménagement et du développement touristique. Il propose une construction du projet de station, méthode qui est l'aboutissement d'expériences de terrain. Il présente un guide des interventions. Il décrit des modes...

Sediment-Mass Accumulation Rate and Variability in the East China Sea Detected by GRACE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ya-Chi Liu

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The East China Sea (ECS is a region with shallow continental shelves and a mixed oceanic circulation system allowing sediments to deposit on its inner shelf, particularly near the estuary of the Yangtze River. The seasonal northward-flowing Taiwan Warm Current and southward-flowing China Coastal Current trap sediments from the Yangtze River, which are accumulated over time at rates of up to a few mm/year in equivalent water height. Here, we use the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE gravity products from three data centres to determine sediment mass accumulation rates (MARs and variability on the ECS inner shelf. We restore the atmospheric and oceanic effects to avoid model contaminations on gravity signals associated with sediment masses. We apply destriping and spatial filters to improve the gravity signals from GRACE and use the Global Land Data Assimilation System to reduce land leakage. The GRACE-derived MARs over April 2002–March 2015 on the ECS inner shelf are about 6 mm/year and have magnitudes and spatial patterns consistent with those from sediment-core measurements. The GRACE-derived monthly sediment depositions show variations at time scales ranging from six months to more than two years. Typically, a positive mass balance of sediment deposition occurs in late fall to early winter when the southward coastal currents prevail. A negative mass balance happens in summer when the coastal currents are northward. We identify quasi-biennial sediment variations, which are likely to be caused by quasi-biennial variations in rain and erosion in the Yangtze River basin. We briefly explain the mechanisms of such frequency-dependent variations in the GRACE-derived ECS sediment deposition. There is no clear perturbation on sediment deposition over the ECS inner shelf induced by the Three Gorges Dam. The limitations of GRACE in resolving sediment deposition are its low spatial resolution (about 250 km and possible contaminations by

A Feynman graph selection tool in GRACE system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yuasa, Fukuko; Ishikawa, Tadashi; Kaneko, Toshiaki

2001-01-01

We present a Feynman graph selection tool grcsel, which is an interpreter written in C language. In the framework of GRACE, it enables us to get a subset of Feynman graphs according to given conditions

Argentina : tous les projets | Page 5 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Discrimination fondée sur l'appartenance ethnique et le sexe dans les Amériques : le cas des femmes autochtones ... Programme: Gouvernance et justice ... Ce projet permettra de mener une analyse comparative des perceptions qu'ont les ...

A comparison of annual vertical crustal displacements from GPS and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) over Europe

Science.gov (United States)

van Dam, T.; Wahr, J.; LavalléE, David

2007-03-01

We compare approximately 3 years of GPS height residuals (with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame) with predictions of vertical surface displacements derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity fields for stations in Europe. An annual signal fit to the residual monthly heights, corrected for atmospheric pressure and barotropic ocean loading effects, should primarily represent surface displacements due to long-wavelength variations in water storage. A comparison of the annual height signal from GPS and GRACE over Europe indicates that at most sites, the annual signals do not agree in amplitude or phase. We find that unlike the annual signal predicted from GRACE, the annual signal in the GPS heights is not coherent over the region, displaying significant variability from site to site. Confidence in the GRACE data and the unlikely possibility of large-amplitude small-scale features in the load field not captured by the GRACE data leads us to conclude that some of the discrepancy between the GPS and GRACE observations is due to technique errors in the GPS data processing. This is evidenced by the fact that the disagreement between GPS and GRACE is largest at coastal sites, where mismodeling of the semidiurnal ocean tidal loading signal can result in spurious annual signals.

Large scale mass redistribution and surface displacement from GRACE and SLR

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, M.; Ries, J. C.; Tapley, B. D.

2012-12-01

Mass transport between the atmosphere, ocean and solid earth results in the temporal variations in the Earth gravity field and loading induced deformation of the Earth. Recent space-borne observations, such as GRACE mission, are providing extremely high precision temporal variations of gravity field. The results from 10-yr GRACE data has shown a significant annual variations of large scale vertical and horizontal displacements occurring over the Amazon, Himalayan region and South Asia, African, and Russian with a few mm amplitude. Improving understanding from monitoring and modeling of the large scale mass redistribution and the Earth's response are a critical for all studies in the geosciences, in particular for determination of Terrestrial Reference System (TRS), including geocenter motion. This paper will report results for the observed seasonal variations in the 3-dimentional surface displacements of SLR and GPS tracking stations and compare with the prediction from time series of GRACE monthly gravity solution.

GRace: a MATLAB-based application for fitting the discrimination-association model.

Science.gov (United States)

Stefanutti, Luca; Vianello, Michelangelo; Anselmi, Pasquale; Robusto, Egidio

2014-10-28

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a computerized two-choice discrimination task in which stimuli have to be categorized as belonging to target categories or attribute categories by pressing, as quickly and accurately as possible, one of two response keys. The discrimination association model has been recently proposed for the analysis of reaction time and accuracy of an individual respondent to the IAT. The model disentangles the influences of three qualitatively different components on the responses to the IAT: stimuli discrimination, automatic association, and termination criterion. The article presents General Race (GRace), a MATLAB-based application for fitting the discrimination association model to IAT data. GRace has been developed for Windows as a standalone application. It is user-friendly and does not require any programming experience. The use of GRace is illustrated on the data of a Coca Cola-Pepsi Cola IAT, and the results of the analysis are interpreted and discussed.

Comparison of observed and modeled seasonal crustal vertical displacements derived from multi-institution GPS and GRACE solutions

Science.gov (United States)

Gu, Yanchao; Fan, Dongming; You, Wei

2017-07-01

Eleven GPS crustal vertical displacement (CVD) solutions for 110 IGS08/IGS14 core stations provided by the International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Service Analysis Centers are compared with seven Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)-modeled CVD solutions. The results of the internal comparison of the GPS solutions from multiple institutions imply large uncertainty in the GPS postprocessing. There is also evidence that GRACE solutions from both different institutions and different processing approaches (mascon and traditional spherical harmonic coefficients) show similar results, suggesting that GRACE can provide CVD results of good internal consistency. When the uncertainty of the GPS data is accounted for, the GRACE data can explain as much as 50% of the actual signals and more than 80% of the GPS annual signals. Our study strongly indicates that GRACE data have great potential to correct the nontidal loading in GPS time series.

Constraining Earth's Rheology of the Barents Sea Using Grace Gravity Change Observations

Science.gov (United States)

van der Wal, W.; Root, B. C.; Tarasov, L.

2014-12-01

The Barents Sea region was ice covered during last glacial maximum and experiences Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA). Because of the limited amount of relevant geological and geodetic observations, it is difficult to constrain GIA models for this region. With improved ice sheet models and gravity observations from GRACE, it is possible to better constrain Earth rheology. This study aims to constrain the upper mantle viscosity and elastic lithosphere thickness from GRACE data in the Barents Sea region. The GRACE observations are corrected for current ice melting on Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya and Frans Joseph Land. A secular trend in gravity rate trend is estimated from the CSR release 5 GRACE data for the period of February 2003 to July 2013. Furthermore, long wavelength effects from distant large mass balance signals such as Greenland ice melting are filtered out. A new high-variance set of ice loading histories from calibrated glaciological modeling are used in the GIA modeling as it is found that ICE-5G over-estimates the observed GIA gravity change in the region. It is found that the rheology structure represented by VM5a results in over-estimation of the observed gravity change in the region for all ice sheet chronologies investigated. Therefore, other rheological Earth models were investigated. The best fitting upper mantle viscosity and elastic lithosphere thickness in the Barents Sea region are 4 (±0.5)*10^20 Pas and 110 (±20) km, respectively. The GRACE satellite mission proves to be a useful constraint in the Barents Sea Region for improving our knowledge on the upper mantle rheology.

Jordan : tous les projets | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Le projet vise à produire des connaissances sur les perceptions et les ... Sujet: BRAIN, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, CANCER, THERAPY, ... Sujet: HUMAN RIGHTS, GENDER EQUALITY, DEMOCRATIZATION, CULTURAL RELATIONS ... Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Yemen, ...

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Le projet vise à produire des connaissances sur les perceptions et les ... Sujet: BRAIN, MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH, CANCER, THERAPY, ... Sujet: HUMAN RIGHTS, GENDER EQUALITY, DEMOCRATIZATION, CULTURAL RELATIONS ... Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Yemen, ...

Participation citoyenne, technologies de collaboration et ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... de leur service, l'utilisation qu'ils font des fonds publics, leur structure de coûts et d'autres aspects. ... Consumers International ... ont conclu un accord de coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets de recherche conjoints.

Résultats de recherche | Page 15 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

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Est, sont particulièrement vulnérables, à long terme, aux conséquences des changements climatiques et, à court terme, à la variabilité accrue du climat. Projet. -. Variabilité climatique, changements sociaux et dengue au Bangladesh. Depuis ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 16 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

sida au Malawi. Les petits exploitants agricoles du Malawi cherchant à maintenir un système alimentaire viable se butent à de nombreuses difficultés. C'est dire qu'ils sont extrêmement vulnérables aux changements climatiques. Projet.

Les agriculteurs s'adaptent aux changements climatiques en Tunisie ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

23 août 2011 ... Les eaux grises et la culture en serre augmentent la production alimentaire en Tunisie ... Des chercheurs insistent sur l'importance de favoriser la résilience aux ... Vulnérabilité et adaptation aux changements climatiques des ...

Global models underestimate large decadal declining and rising water storage trends relative to GRACE satellite data

Science.gov (United States)

Scanlon, Bridget R.; Zhang, Zizhan; Save, Himanshu; Sun, Alexander Y.; van Beek, Ludovicus P. H.; Wiese, David N.; Reedy, Robert C.; Longuevergne, Laurent; Döll, Petra; Bierkens, Marc F. P.

2018-01-01

Assessing reliability of global models is critical because of increasing reliance on these models to address past and projected future climate and human stresses on global water resources. Here, we evaluate model reliability based on a comprehensive comparison of decadal trends (2002–2014) in land water storage from seven global models (WGHM, PCR-GLOBWB, GLDAS NOAH, MOSAIC, VIC, CLM, and CLSM) to trends from three Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite solutions in 186 river basins (∼60% of global land area). Medians of modeled basin water storage trends greatly underestimate GRACE-derived large decreasing (≤−0.5 km3/y) and increasing (≥0.5 km3/y) trends. Decreasing trends from GRACE are mostly related to human use (irrigation) and climate variations, whereas increasing trends reflect climate variations. For example, in the Amazon, GRACE estimates a large increasing trend of ∼43 km3/y, whereas most models estimate decreasing trends (−71 to 11 km3/y). Land water storage trends, summed over all basins, are positive for GRACE (∼71–82 km3/y) but negative for models (−450 to −12 km3/y), contributing opposing trends to global mean sea level change. Impacts of climate forcing on decadal land water storage trends exceed those of modeled human intervention by about a factor of 2. The model-GRACE comparison highlights potential areas of future model development, particularly simulated water storage. The inability of models to capture large decadal water storage trends based on GRACE indicates that model projections of climate and human-induced water storage changes may be underestimated. PMID:29358394

Homocysteine enhances the predictive value of the GRACE risk score in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Science.gov (United States)

Fan, Yan; Wang, Jianjun; Zhang, Sumei; Wan, Zhaofei; Zhou, Dong; Ding, Yanhong; He, Qinli; Xie, Ping

2017-09-01

The present study aims to investigate whether the addition of homocysteine level to the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score enhances its predictive value for clinical outcomes in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A total of 1143 consecutive patients with STEMI were included in this prospective cohort study. Homocysteine was detected, and the GRACE score was calculated. The predictive power of the GRACE score alone or combined with homocysteine was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, methods of net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). During a median follow-up period of 36.7 months, 271 (23.7%) patients reached the clinical endpoints. It showed that the GRACE score and homocysteine could independently predict all-cause death [GRACE: HR=1.031 (1.024-1.039), p<0.001; homocysteine: HR=1.023 (1.018-1.028), p<0.001] and MACE [GRACE: HR=1.008 (1.005-1.011), p<0.001; homocysteine: HR=1.022 (1.018-1.025), p<0.001]. When they were used in combination to assess the clinical outcomes, the area under the ROC curve significantly increased from 0.786 to 0.884 (95% CI=0.067-0.128, Z=6.307, p<0.001) for all-cause death and from 0.678 to 0.759 (95% CI=0.055-0.108, Z=5.943, p<0.001) for MACE. The addition of homocysteine to the GRACE model improved NRI (all-cause death: 0.575, p<0.001; MACE: 0.621, p=0.008) and IDI (all-cause death: 0.083, p<0.001; MACE: 0.130, p=0.016), indicating effective discrimination and reclassification. Both the GRACE score and homocysteine are significant and independent predictors for clinical outcomes in patients with STEMI. A combination of them can develop a more predominant prediction for clinical outcomes in these patients.

Measuring the Value of Earth Observation Information with the Gravity Research and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Satellite

Science.gov (United States)

Bernknopf, R.; Kuwayama, Y.; Brookshire, D.; Macauley, M.; Zaitchik, B.; Pesko, S.; Vail, P.

2014-12-01

Determining how much to invest in earth observation technology depends in part on the value of information (VOI) that can be derived from the observations. We design a framework and then evaluate the value-in-use of the NASA Gravity Research and Climate Experiment (GRACE) for regional water use and reliability in the presence of drought. As a technology that allows measurement of water storage, the GRACE Data Assimilation System (DAS) provides information that is qualitatively different from that generated by other water data sources. It provides a global, reproducible grid of changes in surface and subsurface water resources on a frequent and regular basis. Major damages from recent events such as the 2012 Midwest drought and the ongoing drought in California motivate the need to understand the VOI from remotely sensed data such as that derived from GRACE DAS. Our conceptual framework models a dynamic risk management problem in agriculture. We base the framework on information from stakeholders and subject experts. The economic case for GRACE DAS involves providing better water availability information. In the model, individuals have a "willingness to pay" (wtp) for GRACE DAS - essentially, wtp is an expression of savings in reduced agricultural input costs and for costs that are influenced by regional policy decisions. Our hypothesis is that improvements in decision making can be achieved with GRACE DAS measurements of water storage relative to data collected from groundwater monitoring wells and soil moisture monitors that would be relied on in the absence of GRACE DAS. The VOI is estimated as a comparison of outcomes. The California wine grape industry has features that allow it to be a good case study and a basis for extrapolation to other economic sectors. We model water use in this sector as a sequential decision highlighting the attributes of GRACE DAS input as information for within-season production decisions as well as for longer-term water reliability.

Uruguay : tous les projets | Page 4 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... et les relations interagissant dans la diffusion, la production et l'utilisation de ... et de la communication (TIC) a élargi l'horizon des personnes handicapées, qui ... vieillissement de la population et protection sociale en Amérique latine. Projet.

mexico : tous les projets | Page 6 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

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, Mexico, Canada ... Région: North and Central America, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru ... Commerce, sexospécificités et équité en Amérique latine : le savoir au service de l'action politique. Projet.

Contributions of GRACE to Understanding of Spatial Distribution of Spring Flooding in Snow-dominated Afghan Watersheds

Science.gov (United States)

Roningen, J. M.; Daly, S. F.; Vuyovich, C.

2012-12-01

In Afghanistan, where both historical and current in situ hydrologic records are extremely limited, the development and stability operations communities require guidance as to how to best utilize capabilities in remote sensing of the water cycle to understand and predict seasonal flooding. In this study, three versions of Level 3 GRACE datasets (CSR, CSR 4.1 and GRGS) are compared to TRMM 3B42 products, SSM/I-derived snow water equivalent products (SWE), and MODIS-derived flooding extents to assess their potential for contributing to an understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of spring flooding in Afghanistan from the period 2002-2012. GRACE, which allows for assessment of correlations between small-scale temporal changes in the gravitational field of the earth with changes in the total water storage in the hydrosphere, opens the possibility for incorporation of subsurface components of the hydrologic cycle into remote monitoring and modeling of water resources. GRACE data exhibit clear seasonal fluctuations in many areas of Afghanistan, but an assessment is required of the extent to which this data can be disaggregated spatially and related to geographic patterns of precipitation, snowmelt and flooding. In this study, TRMM 3B42 and SSM/I-derived SWE datasets were used as proxies for measured precipitation. These datasets were convolved with a Gaussian filter with a 300 km half-radius at each reported GRACE data point in order to compensate for spatial correlation ('leakage' effects) in the GRACE data. In mountainous and snowmelt-dominated basins such as the majority of those in this study, GRACE analyses that make use of land surface model (LSM) derived estimates may not provide adequate characterization of snow water equivalent and soil moisture in this region. Therefore, soil and subsurface moisture were evaluated as a single storage component using the GRACE data, and flooding occurrence was evaluated as a qualitative surface expression of this

DREAM IT, un programme de recherche aux fins d'autonomisation ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

DREAM IT, un programme de recherche aux fins d'autonomisation de tous les Mongols grâce aux TIC ... Plus précisément, la recherche visera l'amélioration de la prestation des services d'éducation dans les régions éloignées grâce aux téléphones mobiles, à la télévision et à Internet; la conception d'un système ...

Results and Error Estimates from GRACE Forward Modeling over Antarctica

Science.gov (United States)

Bonin, Jennifer; Chambers, Don

2013-04-01

Forward modeling using a weighted least squares technique allows GRACE information to be projected onto a pre-determined collection of local basins. This decreases the impact of spatial leakage, allowing estimates of mass change to be better localized. The technique is especially valuable where models of current-day mass change are poor, such as over Antarctica. However when tested previously, the least squares technique has required constraints in the form of added process noise in order to be reliable. Poor choice of local basin layout has also adversely affected results, as has the choice of spatial smoothing used with GRACE. To develop design parameters which will result in correct high-resolution mass detection and to estimate the systematic errors of the method over Antarctica, we use a "truth" simulation of the Antarctic signal. We apply the optimal parameters found from the simulation to RL05 GRACE data across Antarctica and the surrounding ocean. We particularly focus on separating the Antarctic peninsula's mass signal from that of the rest of western Antarctica. Additionally, we characterize how well the technique works for removing land leakage signal from the nearby ocean, particularly that near the Drake Passage.

Sensitivity of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to the complexity of aquifer systems for monitoring of groundwater

Science.gov (United States)

Katpatal, Yashwant B.; Rishma, C.; Singh, Chandan K.

2018-05-01

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission is aimed at assessment of groundwater storage under different terrestrial conditions. The main objective of the presented study is to highlight the significance of aquifer complexity to improve the performance of GRACE in monitoring groundwater. Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, central India, was selected as the study area for analysis, since the region comprises a simple aquifer system in the western region and a complex aquifer system in the eastern region. Groundwater-level-trend analyses of the different aquifer systems and spatial and temporal variation of the terrestrial water storage anomaly were studied to understand the groundwater scenario. GRACE and its field application involve selecting four pixels from the GRACE output with different aquifer systems, where each GRACE pixel encompasses 50-90 monitoring wells. Groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA) are derived for each pixel for the period 2002 to 2015 using the Release 05 (RL05) monthly GRACE gravity models and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) land-surface models (GWSAGRACE) as well as the actual field data (GWSAActual). Correlation analysis between GWSAGRACE and GWSAActual was performed using linear regression. The Pearson and Spearman methods show that the performance of GRACE is good in the region with simple aquifers; however, performance is poorer in the region with multiple aquifer systems. The study highlights the importance of incorporating the sensitivity of GRACE in estimation of groundwater storage in complex aquifer systems in future studies.

Prognostic Accuracy of the GRACE Score in Octogenarians and Nonagenarians with Acute Coronary Syndromes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Mauricio dos Santos Cerqueira Junior

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background: The GRACE Score was derived and validated from a cohort in which octogenarians and nonagenarians were poorly represented. Objective: To test the accuracy of the GRACE score in predicting in-hospital mortality of very elderly individuals with acute coronary syndromes (ACS. Methods: Prospective observational study conducted in the intensive coronary care unit of a tertiary center from September 2011 to August 2016. Patients consecutively admitted due to ACS were selected, and the very elderly group was defined by age ≥ 80 years. The GRACE Score was based on admission data and its accuracy was tested regarding prediction of in-hospital death. Statistical significance was defined by p value < 0,05. Results: A total of 994 individuals was studied, 57% male, 77% with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction and 173 (17% very elderly patients. The mean age of the sample was 65 ± 13 years, and the mean age of very elderly patients subgroup was 85 ± 3.7 years. The C-statistics of the GRACE Score in very elderly patients was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.78 - 0.93, with no difference when compared to the value for younger individuals 0.83 (95% CI = 0.75 - 0.91, with p = 0.69. The calibration of the score in very elderly patients was described by χ2 test of Hosmer-Lemeshow = 2.2 (p = 0.98, while the remaining patients presented χ2 = 9.0 (p = 0.35. Logistic regression analysis for death prediction did not show interaction between GRACE Score and variable of very elderly patients (p = 0.25. Conclusion: The GRACE Score in very elderly patients is accurate in predicting in-hospital ACS mortality, similarly to younger patients.

Comparison of Decadal Water Storage Trends from Global Hydrological Models and GRACE Satellite Data

Science.gov (United States)

Scanlon, B. R.; Zhang, Z. Z.; Save, H.; Sun, A. Y.; Mueller Schmied, H.; Van Beek, L. P.; Wiese, D. N.; Wada, Y.; Long, D.; Reedy, R. C.; Doll, P. M.; Longuevergne, L.

2017-12-01

Global hydrology is increasingly being evaluated using models; however, the reliability of these global models is not well known. In this study we compared decadal trends (2002-2014) in land water storage from 7 global models (WGHM, PCR-GLOBWB, and GLDAS: NOAH, MOSAIC, VIC, CLM, and CLSM) to storage trends from new GRACE satellite mascon solutions (CSR-M and JPL-M). The analysis was conducted over 186 river basins, representing about 60% of the global land area. Modeled total water storage trends agree with those from GRACE-derived trends that are within ±0.5 km3/yr but greatly underestimate large declining and rising trends outside this range. Large declining trends are found mostly in intensively irrigated basins and in some basins in northern latitudes. Rising trends are found in basins with little or no irrigation and are generally related to increasing trends in precipitation. The largest decline is found in the Ganges (-12 km3/yr) and the largest rise in the Amazon (43 km3/yr). Differences between models and GRACE are greatest in large basins (>0.5x106 km2) mostly in humid regions. There is very little agreement in storage trends between models and GRACE and among the models with values of r2 mostly store water over decadal timescales that is underrepresented by the models. The storage capacity in the modeled soil and groundwater compartments may be insufficient to accommodate the range in water storage variations shown by GRACE data. The inability of the models to capture the large storage trends indicates that model projections of climate and human-induced changes in water storage may be mostly underestimated. Future GRACE and model studies should try to reduce the various sources of uncertainty in water storage trends and should consider expanding the modeled storage capacity of the soil profiles and their interaction with groundwater.

Canova's 'The Three Graces'

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marković Kamenko M.

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Antonio Canova (1757-1822, the epitome of the neo-classical style, was born in a small village Passagno in the province of Treviso. At the age of fourteen he started learning sculpture in Venice; at first, he was placed under Giovanni Bernardi and, later on, under Giovanni Ferrari. After he had established himself as a sculptor, he moved to Rome, the city of classisists in which he would later achieve a worldwide fame. The highest level of his art were the statues of naked women which exposed a new type of female beauty as well as a new poetic style based on the beauty conceived in ancient Greece. This work gives a story of one of Canova's unknown pieces. It is about a group of marble statues 'The Three Graces' which can be found in the Regional Museum of Art in Craiova. Not even a word has it been written referring to this particular sculpture in Romania. These are the first words about this piece of art, placed somewhere out of sight at a dark corner of the museum only because they do not possess any valid documentation concerning its purchase. Only the signature was left on it by the author; however, it is certain that it came to life a few years after he moved to London. The sculpture might have been made (around 1820 four or five years prior to his first marble group of statues 'The Three Graces' standing in the Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg.

Determination of groundwater abstractions by means of GRACE data and Artificial Neural Networks

Science.gov (United States)

Gemitzi, Alexandra; Tsagkarakis, Konstantinos; Lakshmi, Venkat

2017-04-01

The EU Water Framework Directive requires for each groundwater body the determination of annual average rates of abstraction from all points providing more than 10m3 per day as well as groundwater level monitoring, so as to ensure that the available groundwater resource is not exceeded by the long-term annual average rate of abstraction. In order to acquire such information in situ observation networks are necessary. However, there are cases, e.g. Greece where WFD monitoring programme has not yet become operational due to bureaucratic, socioeconomic and often political constraints. The present study aims at determining groundwater use at the aquifer scale by using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data coupled with readily available meteorological data. Traditionally, GRACE data have been used at the global and regional scale due to their coarse resolution and the difficulties in disaggregating the various Total Water Storage (TWS) components. Previous works have evaluated the subsurface anomalies (ΔGW), using supplementary data sets and hydrologic modeling results in order to disaggregate GRACE TWS anomalies into their various components. Recent works however, have shown that changes in groundwater storage are dominating the GRACE Total Water Storage (TWS) changes, therefore it was though reasonable to use changes in Grace derived TWS in order to quantify abstractions from a groundwater body. Statistical downscaling was performed using an Artificial Neural Network in the form a Multilayer Perceptron model, in conjunction with local meteorological data. An ensemble of 100 ANNs provided a means of quantifying uncertainty and improving generalization. The methodology was applied in Rhodope area (NE Greece) and proved to be an efficient way of downscaling GRACE data in order to estimate the monthly quantity of water extracted from a certain aquifer. Although our methodology does not aim at estimating abstractions at single points, it manages

L'accès au savoir en Afrique : le rôle du droit d'auteur

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Les lois et politiques relatives au droit d'auteur couvrent de nombreuses questions ...... Le premier aspect de la stratégie relative aux dynamiques de genre du projet ...... Les responsables du centre ont finalement décidé de recruter des ...

Building Businesses with Small Producers : Successful Business ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La recherche analysée dans cet ouvrage apporte une contribution ... de coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets de recherche conjoints. ... de l'Institut d'étude du développement international de l'Université McGill.

Managing Natural Resources for Sustainable Livelihoods : Uniting ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Il donne des idées afin que la recherche soit participative tout en restant ... au Centre pour la recherche forestière internationale (CIFOR), en Indonésie, ... coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets de recherche conjoints.

Consortium de recherche pour le développement de l'agriculture en ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce consortium stimulera la recherche agricole, améliorera la coordination et le ... deux villes colombiennes ont été discutées lors du deuxième atelier international ... coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets de recherche ...

Renforcement du corpus de connaissances pour des politiques de ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Or, on n'assiste à aucun changement similaire dans le discours international sur le ... d'une politique mondiale du droit d'auteur dans les pays en développement, ... accord de coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets de ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 68 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Participation citoyenne, technologies de collaboration et réglementation. L'accès aux services de base (eau, assainissement, énergie et communications) à un coût abordable est essentiel au développement et à la santé humains. Projet.

Characterization of spatio-temporal patterns for various GRACE- and GLDAS-born estimates for changes of global terrestrial water storage

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Tao; Wang, Chao; Yu, Zhongbo; Xu, Feng

2013-10-01

Since the launch in March 2002, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission has provided us with a new method to estimate terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations by measuring earth gravity change with unprecedented accuracy. Thus far, a number of standardized GRACE-born TWS products are published by different international research teams. However, no characterization of spatio-temporal patterns for different GRACE hydrology products from the global perspective could be found. It is still a big challenge for the science community to identify the reliable global measurement of TWS anomalies due to our limited knowledge on the true value. Hence, it is urgently necessary to evaluate the uncertainty for various global estimates of the GRACE-born TWS changes by a number of international research organizations. Toward this end, this article presents an in-depth analysis for various GRACE-born and GLDAS-based estimates for changes of global terrestrial water storage. The work characterizes the inter-annual and intra-annual variability, probability density variations, and spatial patterns among different GRACE-born TWS estimates over six major continents, and compares them with results from GLDAS simulations. The underlying causes of inconsistency between GRACE- and GLDAS-born TWS estimates are thoroughly analyzed with an aim to improve our current knowledge in monitoring global TWS change. With a comprehensive consideration of the advantages and disadvantages among GRACE- and GLDAS-born TWS anomalies, a summary is thereafter recommended as a rapid reference for scientists, end-users, and policy-makers in the practices of global TWS change research. To our best knowledge, this work is the first attempt to characterize difference and uncertainty among various GRACE-born terrestrial water storage changes over the major continents estimated by a number of international research organizations. The results can provide beneficial reference to usage of

guatemala : tous les projets | Page 4 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

), organisation non gouvernementale indépendante, participe aux recherches et aux activités de promotion en matière de législation agraire depuis l'adoption des accords de paix il y a dix ans. Date de début : 30 juin 2007. End Date: 1 ...

Ice loading model for Glacial Isostatic Adjustment in the Barents Sea constrained by GRACE gravity observations

Science.gov (United States)

Root, Bart; Tarasov, Lev; van der Wal, Wouter

2014-05-01

The global ice budget is still under discussion because the observed 120-130 m eustatic sea level equivalent since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) can not be explained by the current knowledge of land-ice melt after the LGM. One possible location for the missing ice is the Barents Sea Region, which was completely covered with ice during the LGM. This is deduced from relative sea level observations on Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya and the North coast of Scandinavia. However, there are no observations in the middle of the Barents Sea that capture the post-glacial uplift. With increased precision and longer time series of monthly gravity observations of the GRACE satellite mission it is possible to constrain Glacial Isostatic Adjustment in the center of the Barents Sea. This study investigates the extra constraint provided by GRACE data for modeling the past ice geometry in the Barents Sea. We use CSR release 5 data from February 2003 to July 2013. The GRACE data is corrected for the past 10 years of secular decline of glacier ice on Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya and Frans Joseph Land. With numerical GIA models for a radially symmetric Earth, we model the expected gravity changes and compare these with the GRACE observations after smoothing with a 250 km Gaussian filter. The comparisons show that for the viscosity profile VM5a, ICE-5G has too strong a gravity signal compared to GRACE. The regional calibrated ice sheet model (GLAC) of Tarasov appears to fit the amplitude of the GRACE signal. However, the GRACE data are very sensitive to the ice-melt correction, especially for Novaya Zemlya. Furthermore, the ice mass should be more concentrated to the middle of the Barents Sea. Alternative viscosity models confirm these conclusions.

Brazil : tous les projets | Page 8 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

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Transferts intergénérationnels, vieillissement de la population et protection sociale en Amérique latine ... ECONOMIC RECONSTRUCTION, SOUTH SOUTH RELATIONS ... Projet pilote d'utilisation des TIC pour la surveillance de la maladie de ...

Comparison of GRACE with in situ hydrological measurement data ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Comparison of GRACE with in situ hydrological measurement data shows storage depletion in Hai River basin, Northern China. ... of the world, their application in conjunction with hydrological models could improve hydrological studies.

Utilisation des modules ATM pour le projet FP420

CERN Document Server

Renaglia, T

2006-01-01

Le but de cette note est de résumer les premières caractéristiques de l'intégration de 2 modules ATM pour le projet FP420 (voir note technique EDMS n° 743628) ainsi que la liste des problèmes découverts à ce jour sur l

Checkpointing for graceful degradation in distributed embedded systems

Science.gov (United States)

Sababha, Belal Hussein

Graceful degradation is an approach to developing dependable safety-critical embedded applications, where redundant active or standby resources are used to cope with faults through a system reconfiguration at run-time. Compared to traditional hardware and software redundancy, it is a promising technique that may achieve dependability with a significant reduction in cost, size, weight, and power requirements. Reconfiguration at run-time necessitates using proper checkpointing protocols to support state reservation to ensure correct task restarts after a system reconfiguration. One of the most common checkpointing protocols are communication induced checkpointing (CIC) protocols, which are well developed and understood for large parallel and information systems, but not much has been done for resource limited embedded systems. This work implements and evaluates some of the most common CIC protocols in a periodic resource constrained distributed embedded system for graceful degradation purposes. A test-bed has been developed and used for the evaluation of the various protocols. The implemented protocols are thoroughly studied and performances are contrasted. Specifically the periodicity property and how it benefits checkpointing in embedded systems is investigated. This work introduces a unique effort of CIC protocol implementation and evaluation in the field of distributed embedded systems. Other than providing a test-bed for graceful degradation support, this work shows that some checkpointing protocols that are not efficient in large information systems and supercomputers perform well in embedded systems. We show that a simple index-based CIC protocol, such as the BCS protocol, is more appropriate in embedded system applications compared to other protocols that piggyback a significant amount of information to reduce the number of forced checkpoints. Finally, this work proposes a whole graceful degradation approach to achieve fault tolerance in resource constrained

Does C-reactive Protein Add Prognostic Value to GRACE Score in Acute Coronary Syndromes?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Correia, Luis Cláudio Lemos; Vasconcelos, Isis; Garcia, Guilherme; Kalil, Felipe; Ferreira, Felipe; Silva, André; Oliveira, Ruan; Carvalhal, Manuela; Freitas, Caio; Noya-Rabelo, Márcia Maria

2014-01-01

The incremental prognostic value of plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in relation to GRACE score has not been established in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with non-ST segment elevation. To test the hypothesis that CRP measurements at admission increases the prognostic value of GRACE score in patients with ACS. A total of 290 subjects, consecutively admitted for ACS, with plasma material obtained upon admission CRP measurement using a high-sensitivity method (nephelometry) were studied. Cardiovascular outcomes during hospitalization were defined by the combination of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal refractory angina. The incidence of cardiovascular events during hospitalization was 15% (18 deaths, 11 myocardial infarctions, 13 angina episodes) with CRP showing C-statistics of 0.60 (95% CI = 0.51-0.70, p = 0.034) in predicting these outcomes. After adjustment for the GRACE score, elevated CRP (defined as the best cutoff point) tended to be associated with hospital events (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.92 to 3.88, p = 0.08). However, the addition of the variable elevated CRP in the GRACE model did not result in significant increase in C-statistics, which ranged from 0.705 to 0.718 (p = 0.46). Similarly, there was no significant reclassification of risk with the addition of CRP in the predictor model (net reclassification = 5.7 %, p = 0.15). Although CRP is associated with hospital outcomes, this inflammatory marker does not increase the prognostic value of the GRACE score

Does C-reactive Protein Add Prognostic Value to GRACE Score in Acute Coronary Syndromes?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Correia, Luis Cláudio Lemos, E-mail: lccorreia@terra.com.br; Vasconcelos, Isis; Garcia, Guilherme; Kalil, Felipe; Ferreira, Felipe; Silva, André; Oliveira, Ruan; Carvalhal, Manuela; Freitas, Caio; Noya-Rabelo, Márcia Maria [Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA (Brazil); Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA (Brazil)

2014-05-15

The incremental prognostic value of plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in relation to GRACE score has not been established in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with non-ST segment elevation. To test the hypothesis that CRP measurements at admission increases the prognostic value of GRACE score in patients with ACS. A total of 290 subjects, consecutively admitted for ACS, with plasma material obtained upon admission CRP measurement using a high-sensitivity method (nephelometry) were studied. Cardiovascular outcomes during hospitalization were defined by the combination of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal refractory angina. The incidence of cardiovascular events during hospitalization was 15% (18 deaths, 11 myocardial infarctions, 13 angina episodes) with CRP showing C-statistics of 0.60 (95% CI = 0.51-0.70, p = 0.034) in predicting these outcomes. After adjustment for the GRACE score, elevated CRP (defined as the best cutoff point) tended to be associated with hospital events (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.92 to 3.88, p = 0.08). However, the addition of the variable elevated CRP in the GRACE model did not result in significant increase in C-statistics, which ranged from 0.705 to 0.718 (p = 0.46). Similarly, there was no significant reclassification of risk with the addition of CRP in the predictor model (net reclassification = 5.7 %, p = 0.15). Although CRP is associated with hospital outcomes, this inflammatory marker does not increase the prognostic value of the GRACE score.

: tous les projets | Page 580 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Sujet: Waste management, WASTE RECYCLING, Poverty alleviation, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, CARBON DIOXIDE, GREENHOUSE EFFECT. Région: Far East Asia, Indonesia, Central Asia, South Asia. Programme: Changements climatiques. Financement total : CA$ 180,800.00. Projet reproductible de recyclage des ...

Adaptation de collectivités africaines aux changements climatiques ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Mis en oeuvre par des organisations non gouvernementales, les projets adopteront une démarche d'apprentissage par la pratique et viseront à trouver des façons de communiquer l'information au sujet des changements ... Managing Risk, Reducing Vulnerability and Enhancing Productivity under a Changing Climate.

Can we observe the fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current using GRACE OBP?

Science.gov (United States)

Makowski, J.; Chambers, D. P.; Bonin, J. A.

2014-12-01

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the Southern Ocean remains one of the most undersampled regions of the world's oceans. The ACC is comprised of four major fronts: the Sub-Tropical Front (STF), the Polar Front (PF), the Sub-Antarctic Front (SAF), and the Southern ACC Front (SACCF). These were initially observed individually from repeat hydrographic sections and their approximate locations globally have been quantified using all available temperature data from the World Ocean and Climate Experiment (WOCE). More recent studies based on satellite altimetry have found that the front positions are more dynamic and have shifted south by up to 1° on average since 1993. Using ocean bottom pressure (OBP) data from the current Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) we have measured integrated transport variability of the ACC south of Australia. However, differentiation of variability of specific fronts has been impossible due to the necessary smoothing required to reduce noise and correlated errors in the measurements. The future GRACE Follow-on (GFO) mission and the post 2020 GRACE-II mission are expected to produce higher resolution gravity fields with a monthly temporal resolution. Here, we study the resolution and error characteristics of GRACE gravity data that would be required to resolve variations in the front locations and transport. To do this, we utilize output from a high-resolution model of the Southern Ocean, hydrology models, and ice sheet surface mass balance models; add various amounts of random and correlated errors that may be expected from GFO and GRACE-II; and quantify requirements needed for future satellite gravity missions to resolve variations along the ACC fronts.

Combining GRACE and Altimetry to solve for present day mass changes and GIA

Science.gov (United States)

Rietbroek, R.; Lück, C.; Uebbing, B.; Kusche, J.; King, M. A.

2017-12-01

Past and present day sea level rise is closely linked to geoid and surface deformation changes from the ongoing glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Sea level, as detected by radar altimetry, senses the radial deformation of the ocean floor as mantle material slowly flows back to the locations of the former glacial domes. This manifests itself as a net subsidence when averaged over the entire ocean, but can regionally be seen as an uplift for locations close to the former ice sheets. Furthermore, mass driven sea level as derived from GRACE, is even more sensitive to GIA induced mass redistribution in the solid Earth. Consequently, errors in GIA corrections, most notably errors in mantle viscosity and ice histories, have a different leverage on regional sea level estimates from GRACE and altimetry. In this study, we discuss the abilities of a GRACE-altimetry combination to co-estimate GIA corrections together with present day contributors to sea level, rather than simply prescribing a GIA correction from a model. The data is combined in a joint inversion scheme which makes use of spatial patterns to parameterize present day loading effects and GIA. We show that the GRACE-altimetry combination requires constraints, but generally steers the Antarctic GIA signal towards a weaker present day signal in Antarctica compared to a ICE5-G(VM2) derived model. Furthermore, in light of the aging GRACE mission, we show sensitivity studies of how well one could estimate GIA corrections when using other low earth orbiters such as SWARM or CHAMP. Finally, we show whether the Antarctic GNSS station network may be useful in separating GIA from present day mass signals in this type of inversion schemes.

Phase Error Modeling and Its Impact on Precise Orbit Determination of GRACE Satellites

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jia Tu

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Limiting factors for the precise orbit determination (POD of low-earth orbit (LEO satellite using dual-frequency GPS are nowadays mainly encountered with the in-flight phase error modeling. The phase error is modeled as a systematic and a random component each depending on the direction of GPS signal reception. The systematic part and standard deviation of random part in phase error model are, respectively, estimated by bin-wise mean and standard deviation values of phase postfit residuals computed by orbit determination. By removing the systematic component and adjusting the weight of phase observation data according to standard deviation of random component, the orbit can be further improved by POD approach. The GRACE data of 1–31 January 2006 are processed, and three types of orbit solutions, POD without phase error model correction, POD with mean value correction of phase error model, and POD with phase error model correction, are obtained. The three-dimensional (3D orbit improvements derived from phase error model correction are 0.0153 m for GRACE A and 0.0131 m for GRACE B, and the 3D influences arisen from random part of phase error model are 0.0068 m and 0.0075 m for GRACE A and GRACE B, respectively. Thus the random part of phase error model cannot be neglected for POD. It is also demonstrated by phase postfit residual analysis, orbit comparison with JPL precise science orbit, and orbit validation with KBR data that the results derived from POD with phase error model correction are better than another two types of orbit solutions generated in this paper.

Caractéristiques des substrats et interactions dans les filières de co-digestion : cas particulier des co-substrats d’origine agro-industrielle

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

GIRAULT, Romain

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Pour assurer l’équilibre économique des unités de méthanisation, l’ajout de co-substrats est en général nécessaire. Pour les choisir, deux questions se posent aux porteurs de projets : quelles sont les caractéristiques des co-substrats disponibles et quel est l’impact des mélanges sur le fonctionnement du digesteur. Le présent article se propose de répondre à ces questions sur la base des résultats du projet Biodecol2.

: tous les projets | Page 639 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Sujet: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITIES. Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Morocco. Financement total : CA$ 269,138.00. Plate-forme d'outils en logiciel libre pour l'enseignement supérieur. Projet.

: tous les projets | Page 399 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Aider les jeunes adultes touchés par la violence à surmonter leurs traumatismes - phase II. Projet ... Date de début : 1 février 2010. End Date: 20 mars 2013. Sujet: ETHNIC MINORITIES, ETHNIC CONFLICTS, PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS.

Analysis of Seasonal Variability in Gulf of Alaska Glacier Mass Balance using GRACE

Science.gov (United States)

Arendt, A. A.; Luthcke, S. B.; Oneel, S.; Gardner, A. S.; Hill, D. F.

2011-12-01

Mass variations of glaciers in Alaska/northwestern Canada must be quantified in order to assess impacts on ecosystems, human infrastructure, and global sea level. Here we combine Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations with a wide range of satellite and field data to investigate drivers of these recent changes, with a focus on seasonal variations. Our central focus will be the exceptionally high mass losses of 2009, which do not correlate with weather station temperature and precipitation data, but may be linked to ash fall from the March 31, 2009 eruption of Mt. Redoubt. The eruption resulted in a significant decrease in MODIS-derived surface albedo over many Alaska glacier regions, and likely contributed to some of the 2009 anomalous mass loss observed by GRACE. We also focus on the Juneau and Stikine Icefield regions that are far from the volcanic eruption but experienced the largest mass losses of any region in 2009. Although rapid drawdown of tidewater glaciers was occurring in southeast Alaska during 2009, we show these changes were probably not sufficiently widespread to explain all of the GRACE signal in those regions. We examine additional field and satellite datasets to quantify potential errors in the climate and GRACE fields that could result in the observed discrepancy.

Assessment of 3D hydrologic deformation using GRACE and GPS

Science.gov (United States)

Watson, C. S.; Tregoning, P.; Fleming, K.; Burgette, R. J.; Featherstone, W. E.; Awange, J.; Kuhn, M.; Ramillien, G.

2009-12-01

Hydrological processes cause variations in gravitational potential and surface deformations, both of which are detectable with ever increasing precision using space geodetic techniques. By comparing the elastic deformation computed from continental water load estimates derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), with three-dimensional surface deformation derived from GPS observations, there is clear potential to better understand global to regional hydrological processes, in addition to acquiring further insight into the systematic error contributions affecting each space geodetic technique. In this study, we compare elastic deformation derived from water load estimates taken from the CNES, CSR, GFZ and JPL time variable GRACE fields. We compare these surface displacements with those derived at a global network of GPS sites that have been homogeneously reprocessed in the GAMIT/GLOBK suite. We extend our comparison to include a series of different GPS solutions, with each solution only subtly different based on the methodology used to down weight the height component in realizing site coordinates on the terrestrial reference frame. Each of the GPS solutions incorporate modeling of atmospheric loading and utilization of the VMF1 and a priori zenith hydrostatic delays derived via ray tracing through ECMWF meteorological fields. The agreement between GRACE and GPS derived deformations is not limited to the vertical component, with excellent agreement in the horizontal component across areas where large hydrologic signals occur over broad spatial scales (with correlation in horizontal components as high as 0.9). Agreement is also observed at smaller scales, including across Europe. These comparisons assist in understanding the magnitude of current error contributions within both space geodetic techniques. With the emergence of homogeneously reprocessed GPS time series spanning the GRACE mission, this technique offers one possible means of

Grace Omollo Misere and Anne Akoth Misere | IDRC - International ...

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Combinatorics has led Grace to work on a conjecture proposed by John Conway, ... and governments in Kenya and the region improve their performance through the ... African women mathematical scientists working on climate change issues.

Constitution d’un Corpus de Français Langue Etrangère destiné aux Apprenants Allemands

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fauth Camille

2014-07-01

Nationale de la Recherche et Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft attribué à l’équipe Parole du LORIA UMR 7503, Nancy – France et à l’Equipe de Linguistique Computationnelle et de Phonétique FR 4.7 de l’Université de la Sarre Sarrebruck – Allemagne dans lequel le français et l’allemand sont des langues cibles. Pour la paire allemand-français, peu de corpus parallèles sont disponibles. Nous présentons ici l’élaboration d’un corpus de productions orales de locuteurs natifs et non natifs pour la paire allemand-français. Notre corpus entend mettre au jour les déviations phonétiques et phonologiques que les locuteurs allemands produisent lorsqu’ils apprennent le français. Ce travail s’insère dans un projet plus global, Ce projet entend étudier les difficultés que les locuteurs français rencontrent lorsqu’ils apprennent l’allemand, et réciproquement. Aussi, cinquante locuteurs allemands seront recrutés dans des milieux universitaires et scolaires (niveau lycée en Allemagne et cinquante locuteurs français dans les mêmes milieux en France. Il s’agit pour les deux populations de produire d’une part le corpus en langue étrangère (en langue française pour les locuteurs allemands et en langue allemande pour les locuteurs français mais également le corpus en langue maternelle (en allemand pour les allemands et en français pour les français. Les corpus ainsi obtenus devraient nous permettre d’identifier les difficultés que les locuteurs allemands ou français rencontrent lorsqu’ils apprennent le français ou l’allemand. Les données de contrôle sont doubles puisque l’on pourra à la fois se référer aux productions des apprenants dans leur langue maternelle (ici l’allemand, mais également à celles de locuteurs natifs (ici germanophones. Nous ne présenterons ici que la constitution du corpus en français.

Antarctic Ocean Tides from GRACE Intersatellite Tracking Data and Hydrodynamic Assimilation

Science.gov (United States)

Erofeeva, S.; Han, S.; Ray, R.; Egbert, G.; Luthcke, S.

2007-12-01

Long-wavelength components of the oceanic tides surrounding Antarctica are estimated from over three years of GRACE satellite-to-satellite ranging measurements. An inversion is performed for the major constituents M2, O1, and S2, parameterized as localized average mass anomalies relative to a prior tidal model. Satellite state adjustments are made simultaneously. These long-wavelength anomalies are then assimilated into a high-resolution regional hydrodynamic tidal model. Comparisons to independent "ground truth" data, previously collected by King and Padman, show that assimilation of the GRACE inversions results in improved accuracy, for all three constituents.

Characterizing hydrological activities over Yangtze River basin using the new HUST-Grace2016 model, MODIS, and NCEP/NCAR data

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, H.; Luo, Z.; Tangdamrongsub, N.; He, L.

2017-12-01

Accurate TWS estimation is important to evaluate the situation of the water resource over the Yangtze River basin. This study exploits the TWS observation from the new gravity model, HUST-Grace06, which is developed by a new low-frequency noise processing strategy. A novel GRACE post-processing approach is proposed to enhance the quality of the TWS estimate, and the improved TWS is used to characterize the hydrological activities over the Yangtze River basin. The approach includes the effective noise reduction and the leakage error mitigation based on forward modeling. The HUST-Grace06 derived TWS presents good agreement with the CSR mascon solution as well as the PCR-GLOBWB hydrological model. Particularly, our solution provides remarkable performance in identifying the extreme climate events e.g., flood and drought over the Yangtze River basin. In addition, for the first time, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data is incorporated with GRACE in the exploration of the climate induced hydrological activities. The comparison between GRACE and the MODIS-derived NDVI data is also conducted to investigate their connection regarding temporal and spatial distribution. The analysis suggests that the terrestrial reflectance data can be used to represent the TWS information. Importantly, such information can be used to fill the missing data in case of the early termination of GRACE or during the prelaunch of the GRACE Follow-On mission.

Aux/IAA Gene Family in Plants: Molecular Structure, Regulation, and Function

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Jie Luo

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Auxin plays a crucial role in the diverse cellular and developmental responses of plants across their lifespan. Plants can quickly sense and respond to changes in auxin levels, and these responses involve several major classes of auxin-responsive genes, including the Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Aux/IAA family, the auxin response factor (ARF family, small auxin upregulated RNA (SAUR, and the auxin-responsive Gretchen Hagen3 (GH3 family. Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived nuclear proteins comprising several highly conserved domains that are encoded by the auxin early response gene family. These proteins have specific domains that interact with ARFs and inhibit the transcription of genes activated by ARFs. Molecular studies have revealed that Aux/IAA family members can form diverse dimers with ARFs to regulate genes in various ways. Functional analyses of Aux/IAA family members have indicated that they have various roles in plant development, such as root development, shoot growth, and fruit ripening. In this review, recently discovered details regarding the molecular characteristics, regulation, and protein–protein interactions of the Aux/IAA proteins are discussed. These details provide new insights into the molecular basis of the Aux/IAA protein functions in plant developmental processes.

Fonds GenARDIS (Genre, agriculture, développement rural et ...

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La diffusion des rapports de recherche et des constatations sera assurée par une ... de coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets de recherche ... de l'Institut d'étude du développement international de l'Université McGill.

Pensions alimentaires pour enfants, pauvreté et égalité entre les ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... les politiques quant au contenu et à l'administration du droit familial dans les ... un accord de coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets de ... de l'Institut d'étude du développement international de l'Université McGill.

Modèles commerciaux libres (Amérique latine) - phase II | CRDI ...

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... ne reposant pas essentiellement sur les droits de propriété intellectuelle comme ... un accord de coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets de ... de l'Institut d'étude du développement international de l'Université McGill.

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Évaluation de l'incidence du libre accès au droit sur la compétence des avocats. Projet. Le domaine de programme Technologies de ... Sujet: CLIMATE CHANGE, ADAPTATION TO CHANGE, RURAL URBAN MIGRATION, SHARED WATER RESOURCES. Région: Burkina Faso, North of Sahara, South of Sahara.

RFP to work on formation flying capabilities for spacecrafts for the GRACE project

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Riis, Troels; Thuesen, Gøsta; Kilsgaard, Søren

1999-01-01

The National Aeronautics and Space Agency of USA, NASA, are working on formation flying capabilities for spacecrafts, GRACE Project. IAU and JPL are developing the inter spacecraft attitude link to be used on the two spacecrafts.......The National Aeronautics and Space Agency of USA, NASA, are working on formation flying capabilities for spacecrafts, GRACE Project. IAU and JPL are developing the inter spacecraft attitude link to be used on the two spacecrafts....

: tous les projets | Page 257 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Sujet: URBAN AREAS, DRUG TRAFFIC, CONFLICTS, VIOLENCE, EMERGENCY RELIEF. Région: Brazil, South America, Colombia, Haiti, North and Central America, Mexico. Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 505,000.00. Action humanitaire dans les autres situations de violence. Projet.

: tous les projets | Page 535 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Sujet: WOMEN'S RIGHTS, WOMEN WORKERS, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, MIGRATION POLICY, MIGRATION LAW. Région: Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, Viet Nam, Taiwan. Programme: Emploi et croissance. Financement total : CA$ 361,300.00. Migration transnationale des Vietnamiennes en Asie. Projet.

: tous les projets | Page 420 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Sujet: TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, MEDICINAL PLANTS, INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE, SMALL ENTERPRISES. Région: Belize, North and Central America, South America. Programme: Fondements pour l'innovation. Financement total : CA$ 49,270.00. Projet Itzama : développement durable d'une communauté autochtone ...

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... grande intégration économique, on voit apparaître tout un éventail de difficultés interreliées ayant trait aux garanties constitutionnelles et aux garanties des droits de la personne. End Date: 17 mars 2016. Sujet: PRISONS, Gender. Région: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Programme: Gouvernance et justice.

The GRACE system for the minimal supersymmetric standard model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanaka, H.; Kaneko, T.; Jimbo, M.; Kon, T.

1997-01-01

The algorithm of constructing the Feynman amplitudes for the GRACE system is extended to processes involving supersymmetric particles. New vertex amplitude subroutines needed to compute these processes are now part of the CHANEL library. (orig.)

Santé des mères et des adolescentes en Afrique de l'Ouest : vers ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Un nombre élevé de femmes et d'adolescentes continuent de mourir en couches au Niger et au Bénin. Le défi réside dans la façon de régler ce problème. Ce projet vise à améliorer la piètre qualité des services de santé destinés aux mères et aux adolescentes afin de trouver une solution durable à la mortalité évitable.

Major Events Coordinated Security Solutions Technical Report Closeout (MECSS): The Application of Science and Technology to Reduce Risk for V2010 and G8/G20 Summits

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-01

CBRNE), aux infrastructures essentielles, à la surveillance, à la sécurité physique, à la cybernétique et à la socio- psychologie . Le présent rapport...la socio- psychologie . Dans le cadre du projet SCSGE, on a produit plus de 195 rapports scientifiques, fruit des efforts, du dévouement et du...aux infrastructures essentielles, à la surveillance, à la sécurité physique, à la cybernétique et à la socio- psychologie . Le présent rapport

Integrating Enhanced Grace Terrestrial Water Storage Data Into the U.S. and North American Drought Monitors

Science.gov (United States)

Housborg, Rasmus; Rodell, Matthew

2010-01-01

NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites measure time variations nf the Earth's gravity field enabling reliable detection of spatio-temporal variations in total terrestrial water storage (TWS), including ground water. The U.S. and North American Drought Monitors are two of the premier drought monitoring products available to decision-makers for assessing and minimizing drought impacts, but they rely heavily on precipitation indices and do not currently incorporate systematic observations of deep soil moisture and groundwater storage conditions. Thus GRACE has great potential to improve the Drought Monitors hy filling this observational gap. Horizontal, vertical and temporal disaggregation of the coarse-resolution GRACE TWS data has been accomplished by assimilating GRACE TWS anomalies into the Catchment Land Surface Model using ensemble Kalman smoother. The Drought Monitors combine several short-term and long-term drought indices and indicators expressed in percentiles as a reference to their historical frequency of occurrence for the location and time of year in question. To be consistent, we are in the process of generating a climatology of estimated soil moisture and ground water based on m 60-year Catchment model simulation which will subsequently be used to convert seven years of GRACE assimilated fields into soil moisture and groundwater percentiles. for systematic incorporation into the objective blends that constitute Drought Monitor baselines. At this stage we provide a preliminary evaluation of GRACE assimilated Catchment model output against independent datasets including soil moisture observations from Aqua AMSR-E and groundwater level observations from the U.S. Geological Survey's Groundwater Climate Response Network.

L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

L'Anse aux Meadows is a site on the northernmost tip of the island of Newfoundland, located in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, where the remains of a Viking village were discovered in 1960 by the Norwegians Helge and Anne Ingstad. The only authenticated Viking settlement in North America outside Greenland, it was the site of a multi-year archaeological dig that found dwellings, tools and implements that verified its time frame. The settlement, dating more than five hundred years before Christopher Columbus, contains the earliest European structures in North America. Named a World Heritage site by UNESCO, it is thought by many to be the semi-legendary 'Vinland' settlement of explorer Leif Ericson around AD 1000. The settlement at L'Anse aux Meadows consisted of at least eight buildings, including a forge and smelter, and a lumber yard that supported a shipyard. The largest house measured 28.8 by 15.6 m and consisted of several rooms. Sewing and knitting tools found at the site indicate women were present at L'Anse aux Meadows The image was acquired on September 14, 2007, covers an area of 14.2 x 14.6 km, and is located at 51.5 degrees north latitude, 55.6 degrees west longitude. The U.S. science team is located at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. The Terra mission is part of NASA's Science Mission Directorate.

Zbigniew Herbert, Znaki na papierze

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thibault Deleixhe

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Dans une interview, Zbigniew Herbert confiait : « Mon travail préparatoire à un livre, ce sont avant tout des dessins. Je ne fais pas de photos, cela simplifierait mon contact avec l’objet. » Il n’en fallait pas moins pour donner aux éditions Bosz l’envie d’un projet : réunir ces précieuses esquisses de travail et les confronter aux textes qui en sont nés. Le résultat s’intitule Znaki na papierze (Signes sur papier et appartient aux objets que l’on est fier de posséder dans sa bibliothèque. ...

Comparison of GPS and GRACE hydrological loading signatures in Myanmar, India, Bangladesh, and Bhutan

Science.gov (United States)

Materna, K.; Feng, L.; Lindsey, E. O.; Hill, E.; Burgmann, R.

2017-12-01

The elastic response of the lithosphere to surface mass redistributions produces significant deformation that can be observed in geodetic time series. This deformation is especially pronounced in Southeast Asia, where the annual monsoon produces large-amplitude hydrological loads. The MIBB network of 20 continuous GPS stations in Myanmar, India, Bangladesh, and Bhutan, operational since 2012, provides an opportunity to study the earth's response to these loads. In this study, we use GRACE gravity products as an estimate of surface water distribution, and input these estimates into an elastic loading calculation. We compare the predicted deformation with that observed with GPS. We find that elastic loading from the GRACE gravity field is able to explain the phase and the peak-to-peak amplitude (typically 2-3 cm) of the vertical GPS oscillations in northeast India and central Myanmar. GRACE-based corrections reduce the RMS scatter of the GPS data by 30%-45% in these regions. However, this approach does not capture all of the variation in central Bangladesh and southern Myanmar. Local hydrological effects, non-tidal ocean loads, poroelastic deformation, or differences in elastic properties may explain discrepancies between the GPS and GRACE signals in these places. The results of our calculations have practical implications for campaign GPS measurements in Myanmar, which make up the majority of geodetic measurements at this point. We may be able to reduce errors in campaign measurements and increase the accuracy of velocity estimates by correcting for hydrologic signals with GRACE data. The results also have potential implications for crustal rheology in Southeast Asia.

Application of EOF/PCA-based methods in the post-processing of GRACE derived water variations

Science.gov (United States)

Forootan, Ehsan; Kusche, Jürgen

2010-05-01

Two problems that users of monthly GRACE gravity field solutions face are 1) the presence of correlated noise in the Stokes coefficients that increases with harmonic degree and causes ‘striping', and 2) the fact that different physical signals are overlaid and difficult to separate from each other in the data. These problems are termed the signal-noise separation problem and the signal-signal separation problem. Methods that are based on principal component analysis and empirical orthogonal functions (PCA/EOF) have been frequently proposed to deal with these problems for GRACE. However, different strategies have been applied to different (spatial: global/regional, spectral: global/order-wise, geoid/equivalent water height) representations of the GRACE level 2 data products, leading to differing results and a general feeling that PCA/EOF-based methods are to be applied ‘with care'. In addition, it is known that conventional EOF/PCA methods force separated modes to be orthogonal, and that, on the other hand, to either EOFs or PCs an arbitrary orthogonal rotation can be applied. The aim of this paper is to provide a common theoretical framework and to study the application of PCA/EOF-based methods as a signal separation tool due to post-process GRACE data products. In order to investigate and illustrate the applicability of PCA/EOF-based methods, we have employed them on GRACE level 2 monthly solutions based on the Center for Space Research, University of Texas (CSR/UT) RL04 products and on the ITG-GRACE03 solutions from the University of Bonn, and on various representations of them. Our results show that EOF modes do reveal the dominating annual, semiannual and also long-periodic signals in the global water storage variations, but they also show how choosing different strategies changes the outcome and may lead to unexpected results.

Uruguay : tous les projets | Page 5 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

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Région: Argentina, South America, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, North and Central America, Uruguay. Programme: Emploi et croissance. Financement total : CA$ 352,841.00. Participation sociale à la santé au sein du MERCOSUR. Projet. Avec l'aide du CRDI, l'Instituto de la Salud, Medio Ambiente, Economia y ...

REVIEW A SPACE FOR GRACE: TOWARDS AN AESTHETICS OF ...

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REVIEW. A SPACE FOR. GRACE: TOWARDS. AN AESTHETICS OF. PREACHING ... Cilliers' views of space and time are clearly post-Einstein and post-. Hawking. .... in the step-by-step, week-in-week-out process of sermon preparation. The.

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... et les relations interagissant dans la diffusion, la production et l'utilisation de ... et de la communication (TIC) a élargi l'horizon des personnes handicapées, qui ... vieillissement de la population et protection sociale en Amérique latine. Projet.

: tous les projets | Page 374 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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... à des cours de courte durée et des ateliers, et à la supervision de projets de recherche. Date de début : 1 janvier 2009. End Date: 1 janvier 2012. Sujet: ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION.

Human-induced Terrestrial Water Storage Change: A Global Analysis using Hydrological Models and GRACE

Science.gov (United States)

Felfelani, F.; Pokhrel, Y. N.

2016-12-01

Hydrological models and data derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission are used to study terrestrial water storage (TWS) change; however, both have disadvantages that necessitate the integrated use of them. While GRACE doesn't disintegrate the vertical storage into its components, most models do not account for human activities. Here we use two Land Surface Models (LSMs), i.e., HiGW-MAT and PCRGLOBWB that fully couple natural and human drivers of changes in water cycle, explicitly simulating the changes in various TWS compartments. We first evaluate the models performance with GRACE observations. Then, we quantify the human footprint over global river basins located in different geographic and climate regions. To quantify human impacts, a new framework is proposed based on the GRACE observations (representing both climate variability and human activities) together with the natural simulation of LSMs using water budget equation (P-ET-R; P for precipitation, ET for evapotranspiration, and R for runoff). Finally, we examine the uncertainty in TWS simulations arising from the uncertainties in forcing data. Results indicate that, in snow-dominated regions, PCRGLOBWB generally fails to reproduce neither the interannual variability of observed TWS nor the seasonal cycle, while HiGW-MAT model shows significantly better results. In basins with human signatures, PCRGLOBWB generally shows better agreement with GRACE compared to HiGW-MAT. It is found that HiGW-MAT tends to overestimate groundwater depletion in basins with human impacts (e.g., Amudarya, Colorado, Euphrates and Indus), which results in larger negative interannual TWS trend compared to GRACE. Euphrates and Ganges river basins experience the highest human-induced TWS deficit rates (2.08 cm/yr and 1.94 cm/yr, respectively) during the simulation period of 2002-2010. Uncertainty analysis of results from the same model but with different forcing data suggests a high standard

Orientations pour l'intégration des TICE dans l'enseignement du français en Syrie. L'exemple du centre de documentation pédagogique de Damas.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christelle Demange-Ducrot

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Le secteur éducatif syrien souhaite orienter son action vers les nouvelles technologies de l'information et la sensibilisation du public scolaire aux applications de l'informatique dans le domaine éducatif et en particulier dans le cadre de l'enseignement des langues. Dans l'enseignement-apprentissage des langues, les apports des TICE sont nombreux, mais là où elles apportent sans doute la plus grande plus-value, c'est lors de la mise en place de projets de classe motivants et valorisants, intégrés à des projets de communication authentique. Partant de ce constat, le Centre de Documentation Pédagogique de Damas forme les enseignants de français syriens à l'intégration des TICE dans des projets pédagogiques de classe mettant en œuvre des activités créatives et stimulantes pour communiquer en français. Jusqu'alors, les formations ont centré leurs efforts sur les bases de l'environnement informatique et de la bureautique, avec pour parti pris l'utilisation de logiciels libres. L'année 2005 marquera le lancement et l'expérimentation du dispositif de formation continue à distance destiné aux professeurs de français dans le domaine des TICE.

GRACE L1b inversion through a self-consistent modified radial basis function approach

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Fan; Kusche, Juergen; Rietbroek, Roelof; Eicker, Annette

2016-04-01

Implementing a regional geopotential representation such as mascons or, more general, RBFs (radial basis functions) has been widely accepted as an efficient and flexible approach to recover the gravity field from GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), especially at higher latitude region like Greenland. This is since RBFs allow for regionally specific regularizations over areas which have sufficient and dense GRACE observations. Although existing RBF solutions show a better resolution than classical spherical harmonic solutions, the applied regularizations cause spatial leakage which should be carefully dealt with. It has been shown that leakage is a main error source which leads to an evident underestimation of yearly trend of ice-melting over Greenland. Unlike some popular post-processing techniques to mitigate leakage signals, this study, for the first time, attempts to reduce the leakage directly in the GRACE L1b inversion by constructing an innovative modified (MRBF) basis in place of the standard RBFs to retrieve a more realistic temporal gravity signal along the coastline. Our point of departure is that the surface mass loading associated with standard RBF is smooth but disregards physical consistency between continental mass and passive ocean response. In this contribution, based on earlier work by Clarke et al.(2007), a physically self-consistent MRBF representation is constructed from standard RBFs, with the help of the sea level equation: for a given standard RBF basis, the corresponding MRBF basis is first obtained by keeping the surface load over the continent unchanged, but imposing global mass conservation and equilibrium response of the oceans. Then, the updated set of MRBFs as well as standard RBFs are individually employed as the basis function to determine the temporal gravity field from GRACE L1b data. In this way, in the MRBF GRACE solution, the passive (e.g. ice melting and land hydrology response) sea level is automatically

A Record-High Ocean Bottom Pressure in the South Pacific Observed by GRACE

Science.gov (United States)

Boening, Carmen; Lee, Tong; Zlotnicki, Victor

2011-01-01

In late 2009 to early 2010, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite pair observed a record increase in ocean bottom pressure (OBP) over a large mid-latitude region of the South East Pacific. Its magnitude is substantially larger than other oceanic events in the Southern Hemisphere found in the entire GRACE data records (2003-2010) on multi-month time scales. The OBP data help to understand the nature of a similar signal in sea surface height (SSH) anomaly observed by altimetry: the SSH increase is mainly due to mass convergence. Analysis of the barotropic vorticity equation using scatterometer data, atmospheric reanalysis product, and GRACE and altimeter an atmospheric reanalysis product observations suggests that the observed OBP/SSH signal was primarily caused by wind stress curl associated with a strong and persistent anticyclone in late 2009 in combination with effects of planetary vorticity gradient, bottom topography, and friction

California Drought Recovery Assessment Using GRACE Satellite Gravimetry Information

Science.gov (United States)

Love, C. A.; Aghakouchak, A.; Madadgar, S.; Tourian, M. J.

2015-12-01

California has been experiencing its most extreme drought in recent history due to a combination of record high temperatures and exceptionally low precipitation. An estimate for when the drought can be expected to end is needed for risk mitigation and water management. A crucial component of drought recovery assessments is the estimation of terrestrial water storage (TWS) deficit. Previous studies on drought recovery have been limited to surface water hydrology (precipitation and/or runoff) for estimating changes in TWS, neglecting the contribution of groundwater deficits to the recovery time of the system. Groundwater requires more time to recover than surface water storage; therefore, the inclusion of groundwater storage in drought recovery assessments is essential for understanding the long-term vulnerability of a region. Here we assess the probability, for varying timescales, of California's current TWS deficit returning to its long-term historical mean. Our method consists of deriving the region's fluctuations in TWS from changes in the gravity field observed by NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites. We estimate the probability that meteorological inputs, precipitation minus evaporation and runoff, over different timespans will balance the current GRACE-derived TWS deficit (e.g. in 3, 6, 12 months). This method improves upon previous techniques as the GRACE-derived water deficit comprises all hydrologic sources, including surface water, groundwater, and snow cover. With this empirical probability assessment we expect to improve current estimates of California's drought recovery time, thereby improving risk mitigation.

Monsieur Etienne Blanc Premier vice-président de la Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Délégué aux finances, à l'administration générale, aux économies budgétaires et aux politiques transfrontalières

CERN Multimedia

Bennett, Sophia Elizabeth

2017-01-01

Monsieur Etienne Blanc Premier vice-président de la Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Délégué aux finances, à l'administration générale, aux économies budgétaires et aux politiques transfrontalières

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Les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) peuvent jouer un rôle important en améliorant l'accès aux innovations : outils, méthodes et approches de communication peuvent contribuer à créer une interaction entre les partenaires,. Projet.

Rôle des femmes dans la vie politique, la contestation politique et la ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

L'initiative Gouvernance démocratique, droits des femmes et égalité entre les .... un accord de coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets de ... de l'Institut d'étude du développement international de l'Université McGill.

Des institutions au service de villes sûres et inclusives au Venezuela

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... et la primauté du droit, ils s'attacheront à expliquer l'augmentation de la violence, ... villes colombiennes ont été discutées lors du deuxième atelier international ... accord de coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets de ...

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La croissance exponentielle de la capacité de stockage des données conjuguée à l'essor des médias sociaux et à la multiplication des applications commerciales en ligne offrent aux entreprises et aux gouvernements la possibilité d'intercepter et d'enregistrer les activités numériques d'une personne dans ses moindres ...

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La croissance exponentielle de la capacité de stockage des données conjuguée à l'essor des médias sociaux et à la multiplication des applications commerciales en ligne offrent aux entreprises et aux gouvernements la possibilité d'intercepter et d'enregistrer les activités numériques d'une personne dans ses moindres ...

Grace and Courtesy: A Human Responsibility. AMI/USA Conference (Oak Brook, Illinois, July 23-26, 1998).

Science.gov (United States)

American Montessori International of the United States, Inc., Rochester, NY.

This conference proceedings compile presentations from a 1998 meeting of the American Montessori International of the United States, focusing on the importance of grace and courtesy in children's lives and in Montessori education. The papers presented are: (1) "Grace--The Felicity of Being" (Renilde Montessori); (2) "A Montessori…

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Région: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru. Programme: Governance and Justice. Financement total : CA$ 997,200.00. Des institutions au service de villes sûres et inclusives au Venezuela. Projet. Caracas, au Venezuela, est l'une des villes les plus violentes au monde; il s'y commet ...

Assimilating GRACE terrestrial water storage data into a conceptual hydrology model for the River Rhine

Science.gov (United States)

Widiastuti, E.; Steele-Dunne, S. C.; Gunter, B.; Weerts, A.; van de Giesen, N.

2009-12-01

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) is a key component of the terrestrial and global hydrological cycles, and plays a major role in the Earth’s climate. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) twin satellite mission provided the first space-based dataset of TWS variations, albeit with coarse resolution and limited accuracy. Here, we examine the value of assimilating GRACE observations into a well-calibrated conceptual hydrology model of the Rhine river basin. In this study, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and smoother (EnKS) were applied to assimilate the GRACE TWS variation data into the HBV-96 rainfall run-off model, from February 2003 to December 2006. Two GRACE datasets were used, the DMT-1 models produced at TU Delft, and the CSR-RL04 models produced by UT-Austin . Each center uses its own data processing and filtering methods, yielding two different estimates of TWS variations and therefore two sets of assimilated TWS estimates. To validate the results, the model estimated discharge after the data assimilation was compared with measured discharge at several stations. As expected, the updated TWS was generally somewhere between the modeled and observed TWS in both experiments and the variance was also lower than both the prior error covariance and the assumed GRACE observation error. However, the impact on the discharge was found to depend heavily on the assimilation strategy used, in particular on how the TWS increments were applied to the individual storage terms of the hydrology model.

On the capability of Swarm for surface mass variation monitoring: Quantitative assessment based on orbit information from CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE

Science.gov (United States)

Baur, Oliver; Weigelt, Matthias; Zehentner, Norbert; Mayer-Gürr, Torsten; Jäggi, Adrian

2014-05-01

In the last decade, temporal variations of the gravity field from GRACE observations have become one of the most ubiquitous and valuable sources of information for geophysical and environmental studies. In the context of global climate change, mass balance of the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets gained particular attention. Because GRACE has outlived its predicted lifetime by several years already, it is very likely that a gap between GRACE and its successor GRACE follow-on (supposed to be launched in 2017, at the earliest) occurs. The Swarm mission - launched on November 22, 2013 - is the most promising candidate to bridge this potential gap, i.e., to directly acquire large-scale mass variation information on the Earth's surface in case of a gap between the present GRACE and the upcoming GRACE follow-on projects. Although the magnetometry mission Swarm has not been designed for gravity field purposes, its three satellites have the characteristics for such an endeavor: (i) low, near-circular and near-polar orbits, (ii) precise positioning with high-quality GNSS receivers, (iii) on-board accelerometers to measure the influence of non-gravitational forces. Hence, from an orbit analysis point of view the Swarm satellites are comparable to the CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE spacecraft. Indeed and as data analysis from CHAMP has been shown, the detection of annual signals and trends from orbit analysis is possible for long-wavelength features of the gravity field, although the accuracy associated with the inter-satellite GRACE measurements cannot be reached. We assess the capability of the (non-dedicated) mission Swarm for mass variation detection in a real-case environment (opposed to simulation studies). For this purpose, we "approximate" the Swarm scenario by the GRACE+CHAMP and GRACE+GOCE constellations. In a first step, kinematic orbits of the individual satellites are derived from GNSS observations. From these orbits, we compute monthly combined GRACE+CHAMP and GRACE

Groundwater depletion in Central Mexico: Use of GRACE and InSAR to support water resources management

Science.gov (United States)

Castellazzi, Pascal; Martel, Richard; Rivera, Alfonso; Huang, Jianliang; Pavlic, Goran; Calderhead, Angus I.; Chaussard, Estelle; Garfias, Jaime; Salas, Javier

2016-08-01

Groundwater deficits occur in several areas of Central Mexico, where water resource assessment is limited by the availability and reliability of field data. In this context, GRACE and InSAR are used to remotely assess groundwater storage loss in one of Mexico's most important watersheds in terms of size and economic activity: the Lerma-Santiago-Pacifico (LSP). In situ data and Land Surface Models are used to subtract soil moisture and surface water storage changes from the total water storage change measured by GRACE satellites. As a result, groundwater mass change time-series are obtained for a 12 years period. ALOS-PALSAR images acquired from 2007 to 2011 were processed using the SBAS-InSAR algorithm to reveal areas subject to ground motion related to groundwater over-exploitation. In the perspective of providing guidance for groundwater management, GRACE and InSAR observations are compared with official water budgets and field observations. InSAR-derived subsidence mapping generally agrees well with official water budgets, and shows that deficits occur mainly in cities and irrigated agricultural areas. GRACE does not entirely detect the significant groundwater losses largely reported by official water budgets, literature and InSAR observations. The difference is interpreted as returns of wastewater to the groundwater flow systems, which limits the watershed scale groundwater depletion but suggests major impacts on groundwater quality. This phenomenon is enhanced by ground fracturing as noticed in the field. Studying the fate of the extracted groundwater is essential when comparing GRACE data with higher resolution observations, and particularly in the perspective of further InSAR/GRACE combination in hydrogeology.

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TIC pour le développement des micros, petites et moyennes entreprises égyptiennes. Projet. La compétitivité des entreprises égyptiennes est reconnue ... Sujet: PRIMARY EDUCATION, SCIENCE EDUCATION, TEACHING AIDS, Internet, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. Région: Egypt, North of Sahara, South of Sahara.

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TIC pour le développement des micros, petites et moyennes entreprises égyptiennes. Projet. La compétitivité des entreprises égyptiennes est reconnue ... Sujet: PRIMARY EDUCATION, SCIENCE EDUCATION, TEACHING AIDS, Internet, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. Région: Egypt, North of Sahara, South of Sahara.

: tous les projets | Page 589 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Sujet: HEALTH SURVEYS, HEALTH STATISTICS, INFORMATION NETWORKS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TELEPHONE, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE. Région: Mozambique, North of Sahara, South of Sahara. Financement total : CA$ 1,596,842.00. Réseau d'information sur la santé du Mozambique. Projet. Il est vital, afin ...

: tous les projets | Page 613 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Sujet: TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS, TOBACCO INDUSTRY, MARKETING, SMOKING, WOMEN, YOUTH, SURVEYS. Région: China, Far East Asia, Central Asia, South Asia. Programme: Santé des mères et des enfants. Financement total : CA$ 48,800.00. Les multinationales du tabac et le tabagisme (Chine). Projet.

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: Internet, LANGUAGE BARRIER, ASIAN LANGUAGES, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, INFORMATION SOCIETY. Région: ... Les télécentres et autres projets locaux de technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) ont connu une croissance exceptionnelle au Sri Lanka. Date de ...

: tous les projets | Page 425 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Sujet: CONFLICTS, REFUGEES, REMITTANCES, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, PEACE RESEARCH. Région: Egypt, Sudan, North of Sahara, South of Sahara. Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 42,800.00. Envois de fonds vers les zones de conflit - le cas de la diaspora soudanaise au Caire. Projet.

Surface mass redistribution inversion from global GPS deformation and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity data

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kusche, J.; Schrama, E.J.O.

2005-01-01

Monitoring hydrological redistributions through their integrated gravitational effect is the primary aim of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Time?variable gravity data from GRACE can be uniquely inverted to hydrology, since mass transfers located at or near the Earth's

Glacial Isostatic Adjustment as a Source of Noise for the Interpretation of GRACE Data

Science.gov (United States)

Wahr, J.; Velicogna, I.; Paulson, A.

2009-05-01

Viscoelastic relaxation in the Earth's mantle caused by wide-spread deglaciation following the last glacial maximum (LGM), can appear as a secular trend in measurements of the Earth's time-variable gravity field. The presence of this trend can provide an opportunity to use gravity observations to constrain models of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) process. But it can also be a nuisance for people who are using the gravity observations to learn about other things. Gravity observations, whether from satellites or from ground-based gravimeters, can not distinguish between the gravitational effects of water/snow/ice variations on or near the surface, and those caused by density variations deep within the mantle. Unmodeled or mismodeled GIA signals can sometimes make it difficult to use gravity observations to learn about secular changes in water/snow/ice from such places as northern Canada, Scandinavia, Antarctica, and Greenland: places where there was considerable long-term deglaciation following the LGM. These issues have become particularly important since the 2002 launch of the GRACE gravity satellite mission. GIA signals in northern Canada and Scandinavia are clearly evident in the GRACE data. But the presence of GIA signals in these and other regions has sometimes caused problems for long-term hydrological and, especially, cryospheric studies with GRACE. GIA model errors, for example, are by far the largest source of uncertainty when using GRACE to estimate present-day thinning rates of the Antarctic ice sheet. This talk will discuss the contributions of the GIA signal to GRACE time-variable gravity measurements; partly as an opportunity to study the GIA process, but mostly as a source of uncertainty for other applications.

AUX: a scripting language for auditory signal processing and software packages for psychoacoustic experiments and education.

Science.gov (United States)

Kwon, Bomjun J

2012-06-01

This article introduces AUX (AUditory syntaX), a scripting syntax specifically designed to describe auditory signals and processing, to the members of the behavioral research community. The syntax is based on descriptive function names and intuitive operators suitable for researchers and students without substantial training in programming, who wish to generate and examine sound signals using a written script. In this article, the essence of AUX is discussed and practical examples of AUX scripts specifying various signals are illustrated. Additionally, two accompanying Windows-based programs and development libraries are described. AUX Viewer is a program that generates, visualizes, and plays sounds specified in AUX. AUX Viewer can also be used for class demonstrations or presentations. Another program, Psycon, allows a wide range of sound signals to be used as stimuli in common psychophysical testing paradigms, such as the adaptive procedure, the method of constant stimuli, and the method of adjustment. AUX Library is also provided, so that researchers can develop their own programs utilizing AUX. The philosophical basis of AUX is to separate signal generation from the user interface needed for experiments. AUX scripts are portable and reusable; they can be shared by other researchers, regardless of differences in actual AUX-based programs, and reused for future experiments. In short, the use of AUX can be potentially beneficial to all members of the research community-both those with programming backgrounds and those without.

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Ce projet vise à atténuer l'insécurité alimentaire et la malnutrition en Colombie. Sujet: AGRICULTURE, MALNUTRITION. Région: Colombia, Canada. Programme: Agriculture and Food Security. Financement total : CA$ 1,497,700.00. ​Passage à grande échelle de la production d'aliments enrichis et thérapeutiques au ...

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Région: Argentina, South America, Brazil, India, Kenya, Nigeria, Nepal, Far East Asia, Philippines, Uruguay, South Africa, North of Sahara, South of Sahara, ... Le projet Innovation scientifique et technologique au service des groupes à la " base de la pyramide " - Asie du Sud-Est (no 104904) que finançait le CRDI et qui ...

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Sujet: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING. Région: Uganda, South Africa, South of Sahara. Financement total : CA$ 364,627.00. Droits d'auteur et accès au savoir en Afrique. Projet. Le débat actuel sur les politiques visant la propriété intellectuelle et sur l'incidence de ...

Request for personal participation of the salvific grace in the celebration of the sacred sacraments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jan Szczych

2016-06-01

Full Text Available It is through the participation of the faithful in the sacramental liturgies of the Church that salvation is accomplished. The faithful, desirous of a supernatural relationship with God, through their own life experience endeavor to actively translate into practice the mystery of Christ’s salvific grace. For this reason, the words pronounced by the person when first requesting the grace of any sacrament, either for themselves or on someone else’s behalf, find their full justification when repeated during the actual ceremony. Intentional request for the concession of any sacrament, which enables a personal participation of Christ’s grace, is a result of Christian faith, and activates a conscious and fruitful participation in the redeeming sacrifice of Christ.

Spread of ice mass loss into northwest Greenland observed by GRACE and GPS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Khan, Shfaqat Abbas; Wahr, John; Bevis, Michael

2010-01-01

Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements from three long-term sites on bedrock adjacent to the ice sheet. The GRACE results provide a direct measure of mass loss averaged over scales of a few hundred km. The GPS data are used to monitor crustal uplift caused by ice mass loss close to the sites....... The GRACE results can be used to predict crustal uplift, which can be compared with the GPS data. In addition to showing that the northwest ice sheet margin is now losing mass, the uplift results from both the GPS measurements and the GRACE predictions show rapid acceleration in southeast Greenland in late...... 2003, followed by a moderate deceleration in 2006. Because that latter deceleration is weak, southeast Greenland still appears to be losing ice mass at a much higher rate than it was prior to fall 2003. In a more general sense, the analysis described here demonstrates that GPS uplift measurements can...

Evaluation of recent GRACE monthly solution series with an ice sheet perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Horwath, Martin; Groh, Andreas

2016-04-01

GRACE monthly global gravity field solutions have undergone a remarkable evolution, leading to the latest (Release 5) series by CSR, GFZ, and JPL, to new series by other processing centers, such as ITSG and AIUB, as well as to efforts to derive combined solutions, particularly by the EGSIEM (European Gravity Service for Improved Emergency Management) project. For applications, such as GRACE inferences on ice sheet mass balance, the obvious question is on what GRACE solution series to base the assessment. Here we evaluate different GRACE solution series (including the ones listed above) in a unified framework. We concentrate on solutions expanded up to degree 90 or higher, since this is most appropriate for polar applications. We empirically assess the error levels in the spectral as well as in the spatial domain based on the month-to-month scatter in the high spherical harmonic degrees. We include empirical assessment of error correlations. We then apply all series to infer Antarctic and Greenland mass change time series and compare the results in terms of apparent signal content and noise level. We find that the ITSG solutions show lowest noise level in the high degrees (above 60). A preliminary combined solution from the EGSIEM project shows lowest noise in the degrees below 60. This virtue maps into the derived ice mass time series, where the EGSIEM-based results show the lowest noise in most cases. Meanwhile, there is no indication that any of the considered series systematically dampens actual geophysical signals.

: tous les projets | Page 236 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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inclusion sociale dans les économies émergentes (les pays BRICS) et ailleurs. Projet. Comment la science, la technologie et l'innovation peuvent-elles contribuer à la réduction de la pauvreté et au développement inclusif, en particulier au Brésil, ...

: tous les projets | Page 312 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Région: Bangladesh, Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia. Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 595,515.00. Variabilité climatique, changements sociaux et dengue au Bangladesh. Projet. Depuis 2000, les grandes villes du Bangladesh connaissent une résurgence de la dengue.

: tous les projets | Page 454 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Sujet: LAW, LAWYERS, JURISPRUDENCE, JUDGES, ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING, EVALUATION TECHNIQUES. Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Niger, Senegal, Burkina Faso. Financement total : CA$ 304,983.00. Évaluation de l'incidence du libre accès au droit sur la compétence des avocats. Projet.

An Improved GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Assimilation System For Estimating Large-Scale Soil Moisture and Shallow Groundwater

Science.gov (United States)

Girotto, M.; De Lannoy, G. J. M.; Reichle, R. H.; Rodell, M.

2015-12-01

The Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission is unique because it provides highly accurate column integrated estimates of terrestrial water storage (TWS) variations. Major limitations of GRACE-based TWS observations are related to their monthly temporal and coarse spatial resolution (around 330 km at the equator), and to the vertical integration of the water storage components. These challenges can be addressed through data assimilation. To date, it is still not obvious how best to assimilate GRACE-TWS observations into a land surface model, in order to improve hydrological variables, and many details have yet to be worked out. This presentation discusses specific recent features of the assimilation of gridded GRACE-TWS data into the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) Catchment land surface model to improve soil moisture and shallow groundwater estimates at the continental scale. The major recent advancements introduced by the presented work with respect to earlier systems include: 1) the assimilation of gridded GRACE-TWS data product with scaling factors that are specifically derived for data assimilation purposes only; 2) the assimilation is performed through a 3D assimilation scheme, in which reasonable spatial and temporal error standard deviations and correlations are exploited; 3) the analysis step uses an optimized calculation and application of the analysis increments; 4) a poor-man's adaptive estimation of a spatially variable measurement error. This work shows that even if they are characterized by a coarse spatial and temporal resolution, the observed column integrated GRACE-TWS data have potential for improving our understanding of soil moisture and shallow groundwater variations.

Le Projet hippocampe devient un important protagoniste de la ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

29 oct. 2012 ... Cette démarche, souligne-t-elle, a d'ailleurs permis au projet de réaliser des avancées a priori improbables dans la sphère des politiques et dans celle du commerce. Par exemple, en plus d'être parvenu à convaincre l'industrie des remèdes traditionnels chinois – le plus grand exploitant des populations ...

On Graceful Spider Graphs with at Most Four Legs of Lengths Greater than One

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A. Panpa

2016-01-01

Full Text Available A graceful labeling of a tree T with n edges is a bijection f:V(T→{0,1,2,…,n} such that {|f(u-f(v|:uv∈E(T} equal to {1,2,…,n}. A spider graph is a tree with at most one vertex of degree greater than 2. We show that all spider graphs with at most four legs of lengths greater than one admit graceful labeling.

La cogestion des bassins versants transfrontaliers, pour favoriser la ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La question du droit à l'eau et de la gestion de l'eau est une grande source de ... on s'efforcera de promouvoir des accords internationaux qui bénéficieront à tous ... un accord de coopération scientifique et technologique en appui aux projets ...

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Formation en TIC destinée aux personnes handicapées en Amérique latine ... des relations entre les bandes de jeunes et le crime organisé en Jamaïque. Projet. -. Migrations, sexospécificités et justice sociale : faire le pont entre recherche et ...

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Formation en TIC destinée aux personnes handicapées en Amérique latine ... des relations entre les bandes de jeunes et le crime organisé en Jamaïque. Projet. -. Migrations, sexospécificités et justice sociale : faire le pont entre recherche et ...

Justice, réforme du secteur de la sécurité et meilleure gouvernance ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

GSJ) du CRDI, où je me concentre sur la région MOAN et sur des projets qui contribuent aux processus de réforme à la lumière des soulèvements sociopolitiques dans le monde arabe. Ma stratégie repose sur la justice ...

The potential of ground gravity measurements to validate GRACE data

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D. Crossley

2003-01-01

Full Text Available New satellite missions are returning high precision, time-varying, satellite measurements of the Earth’s gravity field. The GRACE mission is now in its calibration/- validation phase and first results of the gravity field solutions are imminent. We consider here the possibility of external validation using data from the superconducting gravimeters in the European sub-array of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP as ‘ground truth’ for comparison with GRACE. This is a pilot study in which we use 14 months of 1-hour data from the beginning of GGP (1 July 1997 to 30 August 1998, when the Potsdam instrument was relocated to South Africa. There are 7 stations clustered in west central Europe, and one station, Metsahovi in Finland. We remove local tides, polar motion, local and global air pressure, and instrument drift and then decimate to 6-hour samples. We see large variations in the time series of 5–10µgal between even some neighboring stations, but there are also common features that correlate well over the 427-day period. The 8 stations are used to interpolate a minimum curvature (gridded surface that extends over the geographical region. This surface shows time and spatial coherency at the level of 2– 4µgal over the first half of the data and 1–2µgal over the latter half. The mean value of the surface clearly shows a rise in European gravity of about 3µgal over the first 150 days and a fairly constant value for the rest of the data. The accuracy of this mean is estimated at 1µgal, which compares favorably with GRACE predictions for wavelengths of 500 km or less. Preliminary studies of hydrology loading over Western Europe shows the difficulty of correlating the local hydrology, which can be highly variable, with large-scale gravity variations.Key words. GRACE, satellite gravity, superconducting gravimeter, GGP, ground truth

Contribution to the determination of Sb-Ag-Cu-Ga-Mo-Zn using 14 MeV neutron activation; Contribution au dosage de Sb-Ag-Cu-Ga-Mo-Zn par activation aux neutrons de 14 MeV

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crambes, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1966-04-01

By using, 14 MeV, neutron irradiation it is possible to extend the field of application of neutron radio-activation analysis, in particular to the case of light elements. For, many other elements it can replace in-pile irradiation thereby making it possible, thanks to portable 14 MeV neutron generators, to carry out radio-activation analyses away from nuclear-research c e n t r e s. With a view to applying this analytical technique to routine work, we have developed some rapid chemical separation methods in order to make possible the determination of several elements which after exposure to fast neutrons, produce {beta} emitting nuclides which cannot be differentiated by a simple instrumental study, the emitted radiation being of the same type and of similar half-life the two cases. (author) [French] L'irradiation au moyen de neutrons de 14 MeV permet d'etendre le domaine d'application de l'analyse par radioactivation neutronique, en particulier aux elements legers. Cependant pour de nombreux autres elements elle peut remplacer l'irradiation en reacteur nucleaire permettant ainsi grace aux ensembles portables producteurs de neutrons de 14 MeV, l'extension de l'analyse par radioactivation a l'exterieur des centres d'etudes nucleaires. Dans le but d'appliquer cette methode d'analyse a des travaux de routine, nous avons mis au point des separations chimiques rapides, afin de permettre le dosage de quelques elements qui par irradiation aux neutrons rapides, engendrent des nucleides emetteurs {beta} qu'une simple etude instrumentale ne peut differencier en raison de l'identite de leur rayonnement et de leurs periodes radioactives trop proches. (auteur)

Improvements in GRACE Gravity Fields Using Regularization

Science.gov (United States)

Save, H.; Bettadpur, S.; Tapley, B. D.

2008-12-01

The unconstrained global gravity field models derived from GRACE are susceptible to systematic errors that show up as broad "stripes" aligned in a North-South direction on the global maps of mass flux. These errors are believed to be a consequence of both systematic and random errors in the data that are amplified by the nature of the gravity field inverse problem. These errors impede scientific exploitation of the GRACE data products, and limit the realizable spatial resolution of the GRACE global gravity fields in certain regions. We use regularization techniques to reduce these "stripe" errors in the gravity field products. The regularization criteria are designed such that there is no attenuation of the signal and that the solutions fit the observations as well as an unconstrained solution. We have used a computationally inexpensive method, normally referred to as "L-ribbon", to find the regularization parameter. This paper discusses the characteristics and statistics of a 5-year time-series of regularized gravity field solutions. The solutions show markedly reduced stripes, are of uniformly good quality over time, and leave little or no systematic observation residuals, which is a frequent consequence of signal suppression from regularization. Up to degree 14, the signal in regularized solution shows correlation greater than 0.8 with the un-regularized CSR Release-04 solutions. Signals from large-amplitude and small-spatial extent events - such as the Great Sumatra Andaman Earthquake of 2004 - are visible in the global solutions without using special post-facto error reduction techniques employed previously in the literature. Hydrological signals as small as 5 cm water-layer equivalent in the small river basins, like Indus and Nile for example, are clearly evident, in contrast to noisy estimates from RL04. The residual variability over the oceans relative to a seasonal fit is small except at higher latitudes, and is evident without the need for de-striping or

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Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 347,250.00. Évolution des partis politiques dans le monde arabe. Projet. Les cinquante dernières années ont vu les partis politiques arabes au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord subir diverses mutations. Date de début : 1 avril 2006. End Date: 31 ...

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Projet. Les États arabes enregistrent certains des niveaux les plus élevés de conflit armé et de dépenses militaires au monde. Sujet: Gender. Région: Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Tunisia. Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 1,114,700.00. Lutter contre la radicalisation des jeunes en Tunisie au moyen de ...

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Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 40,000.00. L'investissement étranger direct (IED) dans les pays à faible revenu et à revenu intermédiaire. Project. Dans le cadre de ce projet, les chercheurs étudieront l'impact de l'investissement étranger direct (IED) sur l'efficience économique, ...

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Le but de ce projet consiste à améliorer la compréhension des complexités du mariage d'enfants et de la parentalité pour éclairer les politiques et les programmes. Sujet: Gender. Région: Ethiopia, Peru, Zambia. Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 1,120,200.00. Alliance statistique pour les faits ...

Recent changes in terrestrial water storage in the Upper Nile Basin: an evaluation of commonly used gridded GRACE products

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M. Shamsudduha

2017-09-01

Full Text Available GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite data monitor large-scale changes in total terrestrial water storage (ΔTWS, providing an invaluable tool where in situ observations are limited. Substantial uncertainty remains, however, in the amplitude of GRACE gravity signals and the disaggregation of TWS into individual terrestrial water stores (e.g. groundwater storage. Here, we test the phase and amplitude of three GRACE ΔTWS signals from five commonly used gridded products (i.e. NASA's GRCTellus: CSR, JPL, GFZ; JPL-Mascons; GRGS GRACE using in situ data and modelled soil moisture from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS in two sub-basins (LVB: Lake Victoria Basin; LKB: Lake Kyoga Basin of the Upper Nile Basin. The analysis extends from January 2003 to December 2012, but focuses on a large and accurately observed reduction in ΔTWS of 83 km3 from 2003 to 2006 in the Lake Victoria Basin. We reveal substantial variability in current GRACE products to quantify the reduction of ΔTWS in Lake Victoria that ranges from 80 km3 (JPL-Mascons to 69 and 31 km3 for GRGS and GRCTellus respectively. Representation of the phase in TWS in the Upper Nile Basin by GRACE products varies but is generally robust with GRGS, JPL-Mascons, and GRCTellus (ensemble mean of CSR, JPL, and GFZ time-series data, explaining 90, 84, and 75 % of the variance respectively in "in situ" or "bottom-up" ΔTWS in the LVB. Resolution of changes in groundwater storage (ΔGWS from GRACE ΔTWS is greatly constrained by both uncertainty in changes in soil-moisture storage (ΔSMS modelled by GLDAS LSMs (CLM, NOAH, VIC and the low annual amplitudes in ΔGWS (e.g. 1.8–4.9 cm observed in deeply weathered crystalline rocks underlying the Upper Nile Basin. Our study highlights the substantial uncertainty in the amplitude of ΔTWS that can result from different data-processing strategies in commonly used, gridded GRACE products; this uncertainty is

Recent changes in terrestrial water storage in the Upper Nile Basin: an evaluation of commonly used gridded GRACE products

Science.gov (United States)

Shamsudduha, Mohammad; Taylor, Richard G.; Jones, Darren; Longuevergne, Laurent; Owor, Michael; Tindimugaya, Callist

2017-09-01

GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite data monitor large-scale changes in total terrestrial water storage (ΔTWS), providing an invaluable tool where in situ observations are limited. Substantial uncertainty remains, however, in the amplitude of GRACE gravity signals and the disaggregation of TWS into individual terrestrial water stores (e.g. groundwater storage). Here, we test the phase and amplitude of three GRACE ΔTWS signals from five commonly used gridded products (i.e. NASA's GRCTellus: CSR, JPL, GFZ; JPL-Mascons; GRGS GRACE) using in situ data and modelled soil moisture from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) in two sub-basins (LVB: Lake Victoria Basin; LKB: Lake Kyoga Basin) of the Upper Nile Basin. The analysis extends from January 2003 to December 2012, but focuses on a large and accurately observed reduction in ΔTWS of 83 km3 from 2003 to 2006 in the Lake Victoria Basin. We reveal substantial variability in current GRACE products to quantify the reduction of ΔTWS in Lake Victoria that ranges from 80 km3 (JPL-Mascons) to 69 and 31 km3 for GRGS and GRCTellus respectively. Representation of the phase in TWS in the Upper Nile Basin by GRACE products varies but is generally robust with GRGS, JPL-Mascons, and GRCTellus (ensemble mean of CSR, JPL, and GFZ time-series data), explaining 90, 84, and 75 % of the variance respectively in "in situ" or "bottom-up" ΔTWS in the LVB. Resolution of changes in groundwater storage (ΔGWS) from GRACE ΔTWS is greatly constrained by both uncertainty in changes in soil-moisture storage (ΔSMS) modelled by GLDAS LSMs (CLM, NOAH, VIC) and the low annual amplitudes in ΔGWS (e.g. 1.8-4.9 cm) observed in deeply weathered crystalline rocks underlying the Upper Nile Basin. Our study highlights the substantial uncertainty in the amplitude of ΔTWS that can result from different data-processing strategies in commonly used, gridded GRACE products; this uncertainty is disregarded in analyses of �

Statistically optimal estimation of Greenland Ice Sheet mass variations from GRACE monthly solutions using an improved mascon approach

Science.gov (United States)

Ran, J.; Ditmar, P.; Klees, R.; Farahani, H. H.

2018-03-01

We present an improved mascon approach to transform monthly spherical harmonic solutions based on GRACE satellite data into mass anomaly estimates in Greenland. The GRACE-based spherical harmonic coefficients are used to synthesize gravity anomalies at satellite altitude, which are then inverted into mass anomalies per mascon. The limited spectral content of the gravity anomalies is properly accounted for by applying a low-pass filter as part of the inversion procedure to make the functional model spectrally consistent with the data. The full error covariance matrices of the monthly GRACE solutions are properly propagated using the law of covariance propagation. Using numerical experiments, we demonstrate the importance of a proper data weighting and of the spectral consistency between functional model and data. The developed methodology is applied to process real GRACE level-2 data (CSR RL05). The obtained mass anomaly estimates are integrated over five drainage systems, as well as over entire Greenland. We find that the statistically optimal data weighting reduces random noise by 35-69%, depending on the drainage system. The obtained mass anomaly time-series are de-trended to eliminate the contribution of ice discharge and are compared with de-trended surface mass balance (SMB) time-series computed with the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO 2.3). We show that when using a statistically optimal data weighting in GRACE data processing, the discrepancies between GRACE-based estimates of SMB and modelled SMB are reduced by 24-47%.

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Programme: Think Tank Initiative. Financement total : CA$ 1,497,007.00. Soutien organisationnel de la phase 2 de l'Initiative Think tank : Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Research Organization. Projet. Ce financement contribuera à renforcer le rôle de la Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Research ...

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Répercussions sur la santé publique des programmes de responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise de l'industrie des boissons alcoolisées (Amérique latine). Projet. Les chercheurs se ... Programme: Food, Environment, and Health. Financement total : CA$ ... Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total ...

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Modèles de gouvernance participative des ressources aquatiques et halieutiques dans la région amazonienne du Pérou. Projet. Face au dynamisme, à la complexité et à ... Sujet: PUBLIC FINANCE, FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION, BUDGET, SOCIAL PARTICIPATION. Région: Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, China.

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Région: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey ... Sujet: EDUCATION. Région: South of Sahara, Kenya. Programme: Think Tank Initiative. Financement total : CA$ 1,709,655.00. Soutien organisationnel de la phase 2 de l'ITT : Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis. Projet.

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Sujet: ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING, RESEARCH RESULTS, PERIODICALS. Région: South of Sahara, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda, Tanzania, South Africa. Financement total : CA$ 128,000.00. Renforcement de l'édition savante en Afrique : évaluation du potentiel des systèmes en ligne. Projet. Le CRDI a investi des ...

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... grande intégration économique, on voit apparaître tout un éventail de difficultés interreliées ayant trait aux garanties constitutionnelles et aux garanties des droits de la personne. End Date: 17 mars 2016. Sujet: PRISONS, Gender. Région: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Programme: Gouvernance et justice.

Monitoring Lakes in Africa with Altimetry and GRACE

Science.gov (United States)

Carabajal, C. C.; Boy, J. P.

2017-12-01

Thanks to more than two decades of radar altimetry measurements from TOPEX/POSEIDON, Jason 1, 2 and 3, ENVISAT and others, 18 Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimeter measurement campaigns over 6 years, and 15 years of Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) observations, water levels changes of major lakes and reservoirs can be remotely measured regularly with unprecedented precision, facilitating monitoring of continental water storage variations. Smaller footprint laser altimeters like ICESat are more suitable for the retrieval of water level variations of small inland water bodies, better discriminating water returns when water height measurements have the potential to be contaminated by land or vegetation. Using imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) contemporaneous with the altimetry data collections, in combination with careful examination of the laser waveforms, one can better isolate returns form the water surface. Combining these altimetry observations, we derive and compare water height estimates for several lakes and reservoirs in Africa from radar and laser altimetry measurements, we estimate the surface extent of each individual water body from available MODIS imagery, and derive corresponding estimates of volume variations for each water body. Mass variations from time-variable gravity measurements from the GRACE mission, using the latest one-degree global iterated mascons solution from GSFC are then transformed into volume changes, assuming a constant density, and compared to altimetry plus imagery estimates. These methods demonstrate the power of combined observations to monitor water resources and facilitate their management. Upcoming laser altimetry missions like ICESat-2, with vastly improved coverage and temporal sampling, continuous observations, better measurements techniques, including inland water products specifically formulated for these applications, when combined with SWOT

L’anglais en IUT : exemple de projet axé sur la compréhension orale

OpenAIRE

Theuillon, Sylvie

2012-01-01

Pré-requisLes étudiants doivent maîtriser les expressions d’opinion, les expressions du débat, ainsi que les symboles phonétiques les plus courants.Tâche finaleLa tâche finale à réaliser par les étudiants lors du projet décrit ci-dessous est la création d’un QCM de compréhension orale à partir d’un support vidéo de leur choix. En fin de projet, ce QCM sera mis en ligne à destination d’autres étudiants et internautes. Objectifs linguistiquesL’activité langagière principale travaillée est la co...

Using Enhanced Grace Water Storage Data to Improve Drought Detection by the U.S. and North American Drought Monitors

Science.gov (United States)

Houborg, Rasmus; Rodell, Matthew; Lawrimore, Jay; Li, Bailing; Reichle, Rolf; Heim, Richard; Rosencrans, Matthew; Tinker, Rich; Famiglietti, James S.; Svoboda, Mark;

Mass Evolution of Mediterranean, Black, Red, and Caspian Seas from GRACE and Altimetry: Accuracy Assessment and Solution Calibration

Science.gov (United States)

Loomis, B. D.; Luthcke, S. B.

2016-01-01

We present new measurements of mass evolution for the Mediterranean, Black, Red, and Caspian Seas as determined by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) GRACE time-variable global gravity mascon solutions. These new solutions are compared to sea surface altimetry measurements of sea level anomalies with steric corrections applied. To assess their accuracy, the GRACE and altimetry-derived solutions are applied to the set of forward models used by GSFC for processing the GRACE Level-1B datasets, with the resulting inter-satellite range acceleration residuals providing a useful metric for analyzing solution quality.

Analysis of seasonal position variation for selected GNSS sites in Poland using loading modelling and GRACE data

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Marcin Rajner

2017-07-01

Full Text Available In this study we compared weekly GNSS position time series with modelled values of crustal deformations on the basis of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE data. The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS time series were taken from homogeneously reprocessed global network solutions within the International GNSS Service (IGS Reprocessing 1 project and from regional solutions performed by Warsaw University of Technology (WUT European Permanent Network (EPN Local Analysis Center (LAC within the EPN reprocessing project. Eight GNSS sites from the territory of Poland with observation timespans between 2.5 and 13 years were selected for this study. The Total Water Equivalent (TWE estimation from GRACE data was used to compute deformations using the Green's function formalism. High frequency components were removed from GRACE data to avoid aliasing problems. Since GRACE observes mainly the mass transport in continental storage of water, we also compared GRACE deformations and the GNSS position time series, with the deformations computed on the basis of a hydrosphere model. We used the output of Water GAP Hydrology Model (WGHM to compute deformations in the same manner as for the GRACE data. The WGHM gave slightly larger amplitudes than GNSS and GRACE. The atmospheric non-tidal loading effect was removed from GNSS position time series before comparing them with modelled deformations. The results confirmed that the major part of observed seasonal variations for GNSS vertical components can be attributed to the hydrosphere loading. The results for these components agree very well both in the amplitude and phase. The decrease in standard deviation of the residual GNSS position time series for vertical components corrected for the hydrosphere loading reached maximally 36% and occurred for all but one stations for both global and regional solutions. For horizontal components the amplitudes are about three times smaller than for vertical

Evaluating Greenland glacial isostatic adjustment corrections using GRACE, altimetry and surface mass balance data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sutterley, Tyler C; Velicogna, Isabella; Csatho, Beata; Rezvan-Behbahani, Soroush; Babonis, Greg; Van den Broeke, Michiel

2014-01-01

Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) represents a source of uncertainty for ice sheet mass balance estimates from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) time-variable gravity measurements. We evaluate Greenland GIA corrections from Simpson et al (2009 Quat. Sci. Rev. 28 1631–57), A et al (2013 Geophys. J. Int. 192 557–72) and Wu et al (2010 Nature Geosci. 3 642–6) by comparing the spatial patterns of GRACE-derived ice mass trends calculated using the three corrections with volume changes from ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite) and OIB (Operation IceBridge) altimetry missions, and surface mass balance products from the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO). During the period September 2003–August 2011, GRACE ice mass changes obtained using the Simpson et al (2009 Quat. Sci. Rev. 28 1631–57) and A et al (2013 Geophys. J. Int. 192 557–72) GIA corrections yield similar spatial patterns and amplitudes, and are consistent with altimetry observations and surface mass balance data. The two GRACE estimates agree within 2% on average over the entire ice sheet, and better than 15% in four subdivisions of Greenland. The third GRACE estimate corrected using the (Wu et al 2010 Nature Geosci. 3 642–6)) GIA shows similar spatial patterns, but produces an average ice mass loss for the entire ice sheet that is 64 − 67 Gt yr −1 smaller. In the Northeast the recovered ice mass change is 46–49 Gt yr −1 (245–270%) more positive than that deduced from the other two corrections. By comparing the spatial and temporal variability of the GRACE estimates with trends of volume changes from altimetry and surface mass balance from RACMO, we show that the Wu et al (2010 Nature Geosci. 3 642–6) correction leads to a large mass increase in the Northeast that is inconsistent with independent observations. (paper)

Q&A: Grace Anne Koppel, Living Well with COPD

Science.gov (United States)

... their own lives back is the most rewarding thing we have ever done. Read More "The Challenge of COPD" Articles Q&A: Grace Anne Koppel, Living Well with COPD / What is COPD? / What Causes COPD? / Getting Tested / Am I at Risk? / COPD Quiz Fall ...

Les oiseaux chanteurs. Sciences, pratiques sociales et représentations en Europe du Moyen Âge à nos jours

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Corinne Beck et Martine Clouzot

2011-08-01

Full Text Available « Les oiseaux chanteurs » est un projet pluridisciplinaire, transversal et international, initié et porté par l’UMR 5594 ARTeHIS de l’université de Bourgogne et l’UMR Calhiste de l’université de Valenciennes. Ce projet consiste à élargir une thématique déjà étudiée par les ornithologues, les éthologues, les littéraires et les musicologues, à d’autres disciplines a priori éloignées, dont les problématiques centrales touchent essentiellement aux domaines des sciences du vivant, de l’environneme...

Quantifying Modern Recharge to the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System: Inferences from GRACE and Land Surface Models

Science.gov (United States)

Mohamed, A.; Sultan, M.; Ahmed, M.; Yan, E.

2014-12-01

The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) is shared by Egypt, Libya, Chad and Sudanand is one of the largest (area: ~ 2 × 106 km2) groundwater systems in the world. Despite its importance to the population of these countries, major hydrological parameters such as modern recharge and extraction rates remain poorly investigated given: (1) the large extent of the NSAS, (2) the absence of comprehensive monitoring networks, (3) the general inaccessibility of many of the NSAS regions, (4) difficulties in collecting background information, largely included in unpublished governmental reports, and (5) limited local funding to support the construction of monitoring networks and/or collection of field and background datasets. Data from monthly Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity solutions were processed (Gaussian smoothed: 100 km; rescaled) and used to quantify the modern recharge to the NSAS during the period from January 2003 to December 2012. To isolate the groundwater component in GRACE data, the soil moisture and river channel storages were removed using the outputs from the most recent Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5). GRACE-derived recharge calculations were performed over the southern NSAS outcrops (area: 835 × 103 km2) in Sudan and Chad that receive average annual precipitation of 65 km3 (77.5 mm). GRACE-derived recharge rates were estimated at 2.79 ± 0.98 km3/yr (3.34 ± 1.17 mm/yr). If we take into account the total annual extraction rates (~ 0.4 km3; CEDARE, 2002) from Chad and Sudan the average annual recharge rate for the NSAS could reach up to ~ 3.20 ± 1.18 km3/yr (3.84 ± 1.42 mm/yr). Our recharge rates estimates are similar to those calculated using (1) groundwater flow modelling in the Central Sudan Rift Basins (4-8 mm/yr; Abdalla, 2008), (2) WaterGAP global scale groundwater recharge model (plans are underway for the deployment of a GRACE follow-On and GRACE-II missions, we suggest that within the next few years, GRACE

High-Resolution Assimilation of GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Observations to Represent Local-Scale Water Table Depths

Science.gov (United States)

Stampoulis, D.; Reager, J. T., II; David, C. H.; Famiglietti, J. S.; Andreadis, K.

2017-12-01

Despite the numerous advances in hydrologic modeling and improvements in Land Surface Models, an accurate representation of the water table depth (WTD) still does not exist. Data assimilation of observations of the joint NASA and DLR mission, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) leads to statistically significant improvements in the accuracy of hydrologic models, ultimately resulting in more reliable estimates of water storage. However, the usually shallow groundwater compartment of the models presents a problem with GRACE assimilation techniques, as these satellite observations account for much deeper aquifers. To improve the accuracy of groundwater estimates and allow the representation of the WTD at fine spatial scales we implemented a novel approach that enables a large-scale data integration system to assimilate GRACE data. This was achieved by augmenting the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrologic model, which is the core component of the Regional Hydrologic Extremes Assessment System (RHEAS), a high-resolution modeling framework developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for hydrologic modeling and data assimilation. The model has insufficient subsurface characterization and therefore, to reproduce groundwater variability not only in shallow depths but also in deep aquifers, as well as to allow GRACE assimilation, a fourth soil layer of varying depth ( 1000 meters) was added in VIC as the bottom layer. To initialize a water table in the model we used gridded global WTD data at 1 km resolution which were spatially aggregated to match the model's resolution. Simulations were then performed to test the augmented model's ability to capture seasonal and inter-annual trends of groundwater. The 4-layer version of VIC was run with and without assimilating GRACE Total Water Storage anomalies (TWSA) over the Central Valley in California. This is the first-ever assimilation of GRACE TWSA for the determination of realistic water table depths, at

Estimating geocenter motion and barystatic sea-level variability from GRACE observations with explicit consideration of self-attraction and loading effects

Science.gov (United States)

Bergmann-Wolf, Inga; Dobslaw, Henryk

2016-04-01

Estimating global barystatic sea-level variations from monthly mean gravity fields delivered by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission requires additional information about geocenter motion. These variations are not available directly due to the mission implementation in the CM-frame and are represented by the degree-1 terms of the spherical harmonics expansion. Global degree-1 estimates can be determined with the method of Swenson et al. (2008) from ocean mass variability, the geometry of the global land-sea distribution, and GRACE data of higher degrees and orders. Consequently, a recursive relation between the derivation of ocean mass variations from GRACE data and the introduction of geocenter motion into GRACE data exists. In this contribution, we will present a recent improvement to the processing strategy described in Bergmann-Wolf et al. (2014) by introducing a non-homogeneous distribution of global ocean mass variations in the geocenter motion determination strategy, which is due to the effects of loading and self-attraction induced by mass redistributions at the surface. A comparison of different GRACE-based oceanographic products (barystatic signal for both the global oceans and individual basins; barotropic transport variations of major ocean currents) with degree-1 terms estimated with a homogeneous and non-homogeneous ocean mass representation will be discussed, and differences in noise levels in most recent GRACE solutions from GFZ (RL05a), CSR, and JPL (both RL05) and their consequences for the application of this method will be discussed. Swenson, S., D. Chambers and J. Wahr (2008), Estimating geocenter variations from a combination of GRACE and ocean model output, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B08410 Bergmann-Wolf, I., L. Zhang and H. Dobslaw (2014), Global Eustatic Sea-Level Variations for the Approximation of Geocenter Motion from GRACE, J. Geod. Sci., 4, 37-48

Relation of the aortic stiffness with the GRACE risk score in patients with the non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Science.gov (United States)

Omer, Gedikli; Gokhan, Aksan; Adem, Uzun; Sabri, Demircan; Korhan, Soylu

2014-01-01

Current guidelines recommend clinical risk scoring systems for the patients diagnosed and determinated treatment strategy with in Non-ST-elevation elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Previous studies demonstrated association between aortic elasticity properties, stiffness and severity CAD. However, the associations between Aortic stiffness, elasticity properties and clinical risk scores have not been investigated. In the present study we have evaluated the relation between the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score and aortic stiffness in patients with NSTEMI. We prospectively analyzed 87 consecutive patients with NSTEMI. Aortic elastic parameter and stiffness parameter were calculated from the echocardiographically derived thoracic aortic diameters (mm/m(2)), and the measurement of pulse pressure obtained by cuff sphygmomanometry. We have categorized the patients in to two groups as low ((n = 45) (GRACE risk score ≤ 140)) and high ((n = 42) (GRACE risk score > 140)) risk group according to GRACE risk score and compare the both groups. Table 1 shows baseline characteristics of patients. Our study showed that Aortic strain was significantly low (3.5 ± 1.4, 7.9 ± 2.3 respectively, p < 0.001) and aortic stiffness index was significantly high (3.9 ± 0.38; 3 ± 0.35, respectively, p < 0.001) in the high risk group values compared to those with low risk group. The aortic stiffness index was the only independent predictor of GRACE risk score (OR: 119.390; 95% CI: 2.925-4872.8; p = 0.011) in multivariate analysis. We found a significant correlation between aortic stiffness, impaired elasticity and GRACE risk score. Aortic stiffness index was the only independent variable of the high GRACE risk score. The inclusion of aortic stiffness into the GRACE risk score could allow improved risk classification of patients with ACS at admission and this may be important in the diagnosis, follow up and treatment of the patients.

Monitoring groundwater storage changes in the highly dynamic Bengal Basin: validation of GRACE measurements

Science.gov (United States)

Shamsudduha, M.; Taylor, R. G.; Longuevergne, L.

2011-12-01

Monitoring of spatio-temporal changes in terrestrial water storage (ΔTWS) provides valuable information regarding the basin-scale dynamics of hydrological systems. Recent satellite measurements of the ΔTWS under the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) enable the derivation of groundwater storage changes (ΔGWS) where in situ data are limited. In the well monitored and highly-dynamic Bengal Basin of Bangladesh, we test the ability of GRACE measurements to trace the seasonality and trend in groundwater storage associated with intensive groundwater abstraction for dry-season irrigation and wet-season (monsoonal) recharge. Two different GRACE products (CSR and GRGS) and data processing methods (gridded and spherical harmonics) are also compared. Results show that GRACE derived estimates of recent (2003 to 2007) ΔGWS correlate well (r=0.77 to 0.93, p-value CSR for these estimates. ΔGWS accounts for 44% of the total variation in ΔTWS in the Bengal Basin. Changes in surface water storage (ΔSWS) estimated from a network of 298 river gauging stations and soil moisture storage (ΔSMS) derived from Land Surface Models explain 22% and 33% of ΔTWS respectively. Groundwater depletion estimated from borehole hydrographs (-0.52±0.30 km3/yr) is within the range of satellite-derived estimates (-0.44 to -2.04 km3/yr) that result from uncertainty associated with ΔSMS (CLM, NOAH, VIC) and GRACE data processing techniques. Recent (2003 to 2007) estimates of groundwater depletion are substantially greater than the long-term (1985 to 2007) mean (-0.21±0.03 km3/yr) and are explained primarily by substantial increases in groundwater abstraction for the dry-season irrigation and drinking water supplies over the last two decades.

Un projet gagnant sur tous les tableaux : les moustiquaires ...

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15 juil. 2011 ... La trousse est un des principaux éléments du projet de marketing social des moustiquaires imprégnées (connue sous le sigle anglais SMITN) lancé par ... je ne crois pas que la Tanzanie aurait eu assez de preuves pour prendre la décision d'implanter les moustiquaires imprégnées à l'échelle du pays » ...

Downscaling GRACE Remote Sensing Datasets to High-Resolution Groundwater Storage Change Maps of California’s Central Valley

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michelle E. Miro

2018-01-01

Full Text Available NASA’s Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE has already proven to be a powerful data source for regional groundwater assessments in many areas around the world. However, the applicability of GRACE data products to more localized studies and their utility to water management authorities have been constrained by their limited spatial resolution (~200,000 km2. Researchers have begun to address these shortcomings with data assimilation approaches that integrate GRACE-derived total water storage estimates into complex regional models, producing higher-resolution estimates of hydrologic variables (~2500 km2. Here we take those approaches one step further by developing an empirically based model capable of downscaling GRACE data to a high-resolution (~16 km2 dataset of groundwater storage changes over a portion of California’s Central Valley. The model utilizes an artificial neural network to generate a series of high-resolution maps of groundwater storage change from 2002 to 2010 using GRACE estimates of variations in total water storage and a series of widely available hydrologic variables (PRISM precipitation and temperature data, digital elevation model (DEM-derived slope, and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS soil type. The neural network downscaling model is able to accurately reproduce local groundwater behavior, with acceptable Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE values for calibration and validation (ranging from 0.2445 to 0.9577 and 0.0391 to 0.7511, respectively. Ultimately, the model generates maps of local groundwater storage change at a 100-fold higher resolution than GRACE gridded data products without the use of computationally intensive physical models. The model’s simulated maps have the potential for application to local groundwater management initiatives in the region.

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Ce projet traitera des effets de la croissance économique rapide dans la région du bassin du Mékong sur les emplois pour les jeunes. Région: Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Viet Nam, Malaysia, Philippines, Brunei, Singapore. Programme: Employment and Growth. Financement total : CA$ 1,029,600.00.

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Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, Europe, North and Central America, South America, Brazil, Nepal, Nigeria. Programme: Networked Economies. Financement total : CA$ 4,226,848.00. Le partenariat mondial sur les données ouvertes pour le développement. Projet.

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Ce projet fournit un soutien continu à la Global Commission on Internet Governance (GCIG) pour favoriser la participation du monde en développement à des discussions d'importance sur la gouvernance d'Internet. Sujet: TELECOMMUNICATIONS. Région: Middle East, North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Central Asia, Far ...

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Date de début : 20 novembre 2009. End Date: 24 décembre 2010. Sujet: TOBACCO, SMOKING, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS. Région: Niger, North of Sahara, South of Sahara. Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 22,400.00. Tabac et pauvreté au Niger. Projet.

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Région: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Rwanda. Programme: Changements climatiques. Financement total : CA$ 782,802.00. Initiative Think tank - Fondation Hewlett. Projet. Le CRDI et la Fondation William et Flora Hewlett unissent leurs efforts dans le cadre d'une nouvelle initiative destinée ...

Paul Ricœur: Variations et continuité d'un projet politique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pierre-Olivier Monteil

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Les commentateurs s’accordent pour constater une évolution dans la pensée politique de Ricœur conduisant d’un radicalisme à un réformisme. Par-delà ces variations, on se propose plutôt de mettre en évidence la continuité d’un projet. Non seulement la critique du capitalisme se poursuit jusqu’au bout, mais la perspective du socialisme semble très tôt tenue pour improbable. Dans les deux cas, la préoccupation centrale porte sur la nécessité de raviver les traditions et de faire émerger l’élan initial sous la doctrine “ossifiée ” en les situant en tension critique entre elles pour qu’elles se corrigent mutuellement. Le projet politique de Ricœur consiste à établir en vis-à-vis libéralisme et socialisme.

Seasonal Mass Changes in the Red Sea Observed By GPS and Grace

Science.gov (United States)

Alothman, A. O.; Fing, W.; Fernandes, R. M. S.; Bos, M. S.; Elsaka, B.

2014-12-01

The Red Sea is a semi-enclosed basin and exchanges water with the Gulf of Aden through the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb at the southern part of the sea. Its circulation is affected by the Indian Monsoon through its connection via the Gulf of Aden. Two distinctive (in summer and in winter) seasonal signals represent the water exchange. To understand the seasonal mass changes in the Red Sea, estimates of the mass changes based on two geodetic techniques are presented: from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The GRACE solutions were truncated up to spherical harmonic degree and order degree 60 to estimate the average monthly mass change in the atmosphere and ocean from models (several hours). GNSS solution is based on observations from four stations along the Red Sea that have been acquired in continuous mode starting in 2007 (having at least 5 years' data-span). The time series analysis of the observed GNSS vertical deformation of these sites has been analyzed. The results revealed that the GNSS observed vertical loading agrees with the atmospheric loading (ATML) assuming that the hydrological signal along the costs of the Red sea is negligible. Computed values of daily vertical atmospheric loading using the NCEP surface pressure data (Inverted Barometer IB) for the 4 stations for 2003 until 2013 are provided. Comparison of the GRACE and GNSS solutions has shown significant annual mass variations in the Red Sea (about 15 cm annual amplitude). After removing the atmospheric effect (ATML), the ocean loading can be observed by GNSS and GRACE estimates in the Red Sea.

Apports et limites des programmes de recherche aux sciences de gestion

OpenAIRE

Jeanjean, Thomas; Tixier, Julie

2001-01-01

Dans cet article, nous étudions la méthodologie des programmes de recherche de Lakatos (1978) et ses apports aux sciences sociales et en particulier à la recherche en gestion. Notre objectif est triple. Il s'agit d’abord de préciser la nature des programmes de recherche, de les critiquer et de les situer par rapport aux thèses défendues par Popper, Feyerabend et Kuhn. Par ailleurs, nous étudions la transférabilité de la méthodologie de Lakatos aux sciences sociales. Enfin, nous analysons l’in...

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Adaptation aux changements climatiques grâce à une gestion améliorée des bassins versants dans le bassin du Tensift, au Maroc. Au Maroc, la croissance de la population urbaine exerce des pressions sur les réserves d'eau limitées du pays. Projet ...

Stimulation de la bio-innovation en vue d'atténuer la pauvreté en Asie

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

, politiques et installations nécessaires à la bio-innovation. Toutefois, les produits issus de la bio-innovation ne sont généralement pas mis au service des millions de pauvres, qui n'ont guère accès aux technologies. Le projet a pour but de ...

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La malnutrition demeure un problème grave aux Philippines, notamment chez les enfants. La mise en place de programmes intégrés de nutrition et de culture potagère dans les écoles pourrait-elle contribuer à remédier à ce problème ? Projet ...

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Le succès de la mise en œuvre des interventions en santé maternelle et infantile au niveau national est généralement attribué à trois facteurs principaux interreliés : le leadership et la gestion, les ressources et les facteurs relatifs aux utilis. Projet ...

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En raison de la prévalence et de la gravité de la pauvreté en Afrique subsaharienne, les populations sont très vulnérables aux effets négatifs des changements climatiques, en particulier celles dont les moyens de subsistance dépendent d'un environ. Projet.

Impact of combining GRACE and GOCE gravity data on ocean circulation estimates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. Janjić

2012-02-01

Full Text Available With the focus on the Southern Ocean circulation, results of assimilation of multi-mission-altimeter data and the GRACE/GOCE gravity data into the finite element ocean model (FEOM are investigated. We use the geodetic method to obtain the dynamical ocean topography (DOT. This method combines the multi-mission-altimeter sea surface height and the GRACE/GOCE gravity field. Using the profile approach, the spectral consistency of both fields is achieved by filtering the sea surface height and the geoid. By combining the GRACE and GOCE data, a considerably shorter filter length can be used, which results in more DOT details. We show that this increase in resolution of measured DOT carries onto the results of data assimilation for the surface data. By assimilating only absolute dynamical topography data using the ensemble Kalman filter, we were able to improve modeled fields. Results are closer to observations which were not used for assimilation and lie outside the area covered by altimetry in the Southern Ocean (e.g. temperature of surface drifters or deep temperatures in the Weddell Sea area at 800 m depth derived from Argo composite.

Statistically optimal estimation of Greenland Ice Sheet mass variations from GRACE monthly solutions using an improved mascon approach

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ran, J.; Ditmar, P.G.; Klees, R.; Farahani, H.

2017-01-01

We present an improved mascon approach to transform monthly spherical harmonic solutions based on GRACE satellite data into mass anomaly estimates in Greenland. The GRACE-based spherical harmonic coefficients are used to synthesize gravity anomalies at satellite altitude, which are then inverted

Detecting seasonal and long-term vertical displacement in the North China Plain using GRACE and GPS

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L. Wang

2017-06-01

Full Text Available In total, 29 continuous Global Positioning System (GPS time series data together with data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE are analysed to determine the seasonal displacements of surface loadings in the North China Plain (NCP. Results show significant seasonal variations and a strong correlation between GPS and GRACE results in the vertical displacement component; the average correlation and weighted root-mean-squares (WRMS reduction between GPS and GRACE are 75.6 and 28.9 % respectively, when atmospheric and non-tidal ocean effects were removed, but the annual peak-to-peak amplitude of GPS (1.2–6.3 mm is greater than the data (1.0–2.2 mm derived from GRACE. We also calculate the trend rate as well as the seasonal signal caused by the mass load change from GRACE data; the rate of GRACE-derived terrestrial water storage (TWS loss (after multiplying by the scaling factor in the NCP was 3.39 cm yr−1 (equivalent to 12.42 km3 yr−1 from 2003 to 2009. For a 10-year time span (2003 to 2012, the rate loss of TWS was 2.57 cm yr−1 (equivalent to 9.41 km3 yr−1, which is consistent with the groundwater storage (GWS depletion rate (the rate losses of GWS were 2.49 and 2.72 cm yr−1 during 2003–2009 and 2003–2012 respectively estimated from GRACE-derived results after removing simulated soil moisture (SM data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS/Noah model. We also found that GRACE-derived GWS changes are in disagreement with the groundwater level changes from observations of shallow aquifers from 2003 to 2009, especially between 2010 and 2013. Although the shallow groundwater can be recharged from the annual climate-driven rainfall, the important facts indicate that GWS depletion is more serious in deep aquifers. The GRACE-derived result shows an overall uplift in the whole region at the 0.37–0.95 mm yr−1 level from 2004 to 2009, but the rate of change direction is

On the use of the GRACE normal equation of inter-satellite tracking data for estimation of soil moisture and groundwater in Australia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. Tangdamrongsub

2018-03-01

Full Text Available An accurate estimation of soil moisture and groundwater is essential for monitoring the availability of water supply in domestic and agricultural sectors. In order to improve the water storage estimates, previous studies assimilated terrestrial water storage variation (ΔTWS derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE into land surface models (LSMs. However, the GRACE-derived ΔTWS was generally computed from the high-level products (e.g. time-variable gravity fields, i.e. level 2, and land grid from the level 3 product. The gridded data products are subjected to several drawbacks such as signal attenuation and/or distortion caused by a posteriori filters and a lack of error covariance information. The post-processing of GRACE data might lead to the undesired alteration of the signal and its statistical property. This study uses the GRACE least-squares normal equation data to exploit the GRACE information rigorously and negate these limitations. Our approach combines GRACE's least-squares normal equation (obtained from ITSG-Grace2016 product with the results from the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE model to improve soil moisture and groundwater estimates. This study demonstrates, for the first time, an importance of using the GRACE raw data. The GRACE-combined (GC approach is developed for optimal least-squares combination and the approach is applied to estimate the soil moisture and groundwater over 10 Australian river basins. The results are validated against the satellite soil moisture observation and the in situ groundwater data. Comparing to CABLE, we demonstrate the GC approach delivers evident improvement of water storage estimates, consistently from all basins, yielding better agreement on seasonal and inter-annual timescales. Significant improvement is found in groundwater storage while marginal improvement is observed in surface soil moisture estimates.

On the use of the GRACE normal equation of inter-satellite tracking data for estimation of soil moisture and groundwater in Australia

Science.gov (United States)

Tangdamrongsub, Natthachet; Han, Shin-Chan; Decker, Mark; Yeo, In-Young; Kim, Hyungjun

2018-03-01

An accurate estimation of soil moisture and groundwater is essential for monitoring the availability of water supply in domestic and agricultural sectors. In order to improve the water storage estimates, previous studies assimilated terrestrial water storage variation (ΔTWS) derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) into land surface models (LSMs). However, the GRACE-derived ΔTWS was generally computed from the high-level products (e.g. time-variable gravity fields, i.e. level 2, and land grid from the level 3 product). The gridded data products are subjected to several drawbacks such as signal attenuation and/or distortion caused by a posteriori filters and a lack of error covariance information. The post-processing of GRACE data might lead to the undesired alteration of the signal and its statistical property. This study uses the GRACE least-squares normal equation data to exploit the GRACE information rigorously and negate these limitations. Our approach combines GRACE's least-squares normal equation (obtained from ITSG-Grace2016 product) with the results from the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) model to improve soil moisture and groundwater estimates. This study demonstrates, for the first time, an importance of using the GRACE raw data. The GRACE-combined (GC) approach is developed for optimal least-squares combination and the approach is applied to estimate the soil moisture and groundwater over 10 Australian river basins. The results are validated against the satellite soil moisture observation and the in situ groundwater data. Comparing to CABLE, we demonstrate the GC approach delivers evident improvement of water storage estimates, consistently from all basins, yielding better agreement on seasonal and inter-annual timescales. Significant improvement is found in groundwater storage while marginal improvement is observed in surface soil moisture estimates.

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Région: Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore. Financement total : CA$ 29,200.00. Mise sur pied d'un réseau philippin de télécentres communautaires. Projet. Plus de 300 télécentres communautaires mènent actuellement leurs activités au sein d'administrations locales partout ...

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Région: Brazil, South America, Chile, Costa Rica, North and Central America, Mexico, Uruguay. Programme: Emploi et croissance. Financement total : CA$ 531,100.00. VIH/sida, mondialisation et vulnérabilité. Projet. Le VIH/sida s'est révélé un important obstacle au développement durable et à la réduction de la pauvreté ...

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Affichage 1 - 10 de 122. La socialisation sexospécifique des très jeunes adolescents à l'école, et la santé sexuelle et reproductive. Projet. Les adolescents de l'Afrique subsaharienne, en particulier ceux issus de zones urbaines à faible revenu, sont très vulnérables en ce qui concerne la santé sexuelle et reproductive.

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Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 221,500.00. Perception du risque et vulnérabilité des milieux humides sur la côte atlantique de l'Amérique du Sud. Projet. Des spécialistes canadiens participent à des travaux de recherche portant sur les risques auxquels sont exposés les milieux ...

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Ce projet produira des données probantes pour aider à orienter les stratégies de traitement chez les patients atteints de déficits de la mémoire et à réduire les symptômes associés à la maladie d'Alzheimer. Région: India, Canada, Israel. Programme: Foundations for Innovation. Financement total : CA$ 669,937.00.

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Promotion de la recherche sur l'entrepreneuriat en Asie du Sud-Est - application du Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Projet. L'entrepreneuriat a été un facteur déterminant de la croissance et de la création d'emplois en Asie du Sud-Est. End Date: 30 décembre 2016. Sujet: Gender. Région: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, ...

The use of GRACE data to monitor natural and anthropogenic induced variations in water availability across Africa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ahmed, Mohamed; Sultan, Mohamed; Wahr, John; Yan, Eugene

2014-05-27

Inter-annual trends in terrestrial water storage (TWS) were extracted from monthly (01/2003–09/2012) Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data acquired over Africa and correlated (in a geographic information system [GIS] environment) with relevant temporal remote sensing, geologic, and hydrologic datasets. Findings include the following: (1) large sectors of Africa are undergoing statistically significant TWS variations (+ 44 mm/yr to -15 mm/yr) due to natural and anthropogenic causes; (2) warming of the tropical Atlantic Ocean apparently intensified Atlantic monsoons and increased precipitation and TWS over western and central Africa; (3) warming in the central Indian Ocean decreased precipitation and TWS over eastern Africa; (4) the high frequency of flooding events increased TWS over the Zambezi and Okavango basins; (5) extraction of fossil groundwater decreased TWS over the Saharan aquifers; (6) deforestation decreased TWS in three subbasins (Ubangi, Congo, and Sangha) of the Congo River Basin; and (7) the construction of dams increased TWS in the Blue Nile and Atbara subbasins. Given the 10 years of monthly GRACE data acquired on the subbasin scale across the globe, as well as the plans underway for deployment of a GRACE-FO and GRACE-II, using GRACE-derived TWS data should be considered an alternative, viable index for measuring temporal and spatial variations in water availability.

Use of GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Retrievals to Evaluate Model Estimates by the Australian Water Resources Assessment System

Science.gov (United States)

van Dijk, A. I. J. M.; Renzullo, L. J.; Rodell, M.

2011-01-01

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) estimates retrievals from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission were compared to TWS modeled by the Australian Water Resources Assessment (AWRA) system. The aim was to test whether differences could be attributed and used to identify model deficiencies. Data for 2003 2010 were decomposed into the seasonal cycle, linear trends and the remaining de-trended anomalies before comparing. AWRA tended to have smaller seasonal amplitude than GRACE. GRACE showed a strong (greater than 15 millimeter per year) drying trend in northwest Australia that was associated with a preceding period of unusually wet conditions, whereas weaker drying trends in the southern Murray Basin and southwest Western Australia were associated with relatively dry conditions. AWRA estimated trends were less negative for these regions, while a more positive trend was estimated for areas affected by cyclone Charlotte in 2009. For 2003-2009, a decrease of 7-8 millimeter per year (50-60 cubic kilometers per year) was estimated from GRACE, enough to explain 6-7% of the contemporary rate of global sea level rise. This trend was not reproduced by the model. Agreement between model and data suggested that the GRACE retrieval error estimates are biased high. A scaling coefficient applied to GRACE TWS to reduce the effect of signal leakage appeared to degrade quantitative agreement for some regions. Model aspects identified for improvement included a need for better estimation of rainfall in northwest Australia, and more sophisticated treatment of diffuse groundwater discharge processes and surface-groundwater connectivity for some regions.

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La croissance exponentielle de la capacité de stockage des données conjuguée à l'essor des médias sociaux et à la multiplication des applications commerciales en ligne offrent aux entreprises et aux gouvernements la possibilité d'intercepter et d'enregistrer les activités numériques d'une personne dans ses moindres ...

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À mesure que les pays de l'Asie du Sud s'acheminent vers une plus grande intégration économique, on voit apparaître tout un éventail de difficultés interreliées ayant trait aux garanties constitutionnelles et aux garanties des droits de la personne. End Date: 17 mars 2016. Sujet: PRISONS. Région: Bangladesh, India, Nepal ...

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À mesure que les pays de l'Asie du Sud s'acheminent vers une plus grande intégration économique, on voit apparaître tout un éventail de difficultés interreliées ayant trait aux garanties constitutionnelles et aux garanties des droits de la personne. End Date: 17 mars 2016. Sujet: PRISONS, Gender. Région: Bangladesh ...

3-D GRACE gravity model for the 2011 Japan earthquake

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Corresponding author. e-mail: rgss1fes@iitr.ac.in/rgssastry@gmail.com. The GRACE mission has contributed to the seismic characterization of major earthquakes in offshore ... −13μGal), fully accounting for co-seismic mass redistribution.

Grace announces coal-to-methanol project

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Myers, R

1980-02-15

WR Grace and Co. are planning a feasibility study for a plant to produce 5000 tons/day of methanol and 6000 tons/day of carbon dioxide from captive coal reserves in Colorado. The study will be performed by Energy Transition Co. (ETCo). The producers would be used for pipeline transmission of pulverised coal, probably to California. At the destination the coal would go to a power station, the methanol to a gas turbine and the carbon dioxide to an oil producer for tertiary recovery.

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Les responsables de ce projet piloteront l'application et l'adaptation des principes directeurs relatifs à l'utilisation sans risque des eaux usées, des excreta et des eaux grises en agriculture et en aquaculture (Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater in Agriculture and Aquaculture), que ...

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S'attaquer à la marginalisation, à la criminalité et à la violence chez les jeunes - le rôle du capital social communautaire. Projet. Il est maintenant reconnu que les adolescents ont besoin d'un capital social positif (réseaux sociaux, relations interpersonnelles) pour devenir des adultes productifs et socialement responsables.

China : tous les projets | Page 6 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: Brazil, South America, China, Far East Asia, Europe, Russia, North and Central America, United States, South Asia, North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Central Asia, India, South Africa. Programme: Économies en réseaux. Financement total : CA$ 1,107,168.00. ONI-Asia - censure et surveillance numériques. Projet.

: tous les projets | Page 586 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Projet. On effectue beaucoup de recherches sur la lutte antitabac partout dans le monde, mais très peu s'attardent à la situation du Brésil. Date de début : 19 octobre 2008. End Date: 20 avril 2010. Sujet: RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS, SMOKING, TOBACCO, SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, GENDER ANALYSIS, POLICY MAKING.

: tous les projets | Page 241 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... de harcèlement et d'agression grâce à HarassMap, un projet pilote mis en oeuvre dans cette ville d'Égypte. Date de début : 3 juin 2012. End Date: 3 décembre 2014. Sujet: SEXUAL ABUSE, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SOCIAL PARTICIPATION, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, EGYPT, MAPPING, RESEARCH METHODS.

Egypt : tous les projets | Page 2 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... de harcèlement et d'agression grâce à HarassMap, un projet pilote mis en oeuvre dans cette ville d'Égypte. Date de début : 3 juin 2012. End Date: 3 décembre 2014. Sujet: SEXUAL ABUSE, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SOCIAL PARTICIPATION, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, EGYPT, MAPPING, RESEARCH METHODS.

: tous les projets | Page 195 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Programme: Food, Environment, and Health. Financement total : CA$ 2,411,000.00. Changements climatiques, vulnérabilité et santé en Colombie et en Bolivie. Projet. Selon le quatrième rapport d'évaluation du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat, les changements climatiques modifient les ...

: tous les projets | Page 509 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet de recherche-action portera sur l'innovation dans la prestation de services par les administrations locales au Sri Lanka. Date de début : 30 janvier 2008. End Date: 31 juillet 2011. Sujet: SOLID WASTES, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WASTE DISPOSAL. Région: Sri Lanka, Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia.

: tous les projets | Page 204 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Uganda, North of Sahara, South of Sahara. Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 685,000.00. Le rôle des milices, des autorités malveillantes et du capital voyou dans la Corne de l'Afrique. Projet.

: tous les projets | Page 524 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Transferts intergénérationnels, vieillissement de la population et protection sociale en Amérique latine. Projet. Les pays ... Région: Brazil, South America, China, Far East Asia, India, South Africa, North of Sahara, South of Sahara, North and Central America, Central Asia, South Asia, Russia. Programme: Économies en ...

: tous les projets | Page 464 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: TOBACCO, SMOKING, YOUTH. Région: Argentina, South America, Guatemala, North and Central America, Canada. Programme: Santé des mères et des enfants. Financement total : CA$ 47,000.00. Pratiques de publicité au point de vente dans l'industrie du tabac (Argentine et Guatemala). Projet. On entend ici, par ...

: tous les projets | Page 379 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: Costa Rica, North and Central America, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Nicaragua, El Salvador, South America, Mexico. Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 399,900.00. Violence chez les jeunes, crime organisé et insécurité publique (Amérique centrale, Haïti, Mexique). Projet. Il ressort de ...

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Lebanon, Malawi, Viet Nam. Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 347,250.00. Recherche prenant en compte les sexospécificités visant à soutenir la lutte antitabac au Brésil. Projet. On effectue beaucoup de recherches sur la lutte antitabac ...

: tous les projets | Page 50 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Ce projet permettra de diminuer l'insécurité alimentaire et la malnutrition chronique dans trois provinces du Nord du Vietnam : Sujet: MALNUTRITION. Région: Viet Nam, Canada. Programme: Agriculture and Food Security. Financement total : CA$ 1,167,160.00. Fabrication à grande échelle de sel doublement enrichi pour ...

Using an SLR inversion to measure the mass balance of Greenland before and during GRACE

Science.gov (United States)

Bonin, Jennifer

2016-04-01

The GRACE mission has done an admirable job of measuring large-scale mass changes over Greenland since its launch in 2002. However before that time, measurements of large-scale ice mass balance were few and far between, leading to a lack of baseline knowledge. High-quality Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data existed a decade earlier, but normally has too low a spatial resolution to be used for this purpose. I demonstrate that a least squares inversion technique can reconstitute the SLR data and use it to measure ice loss over Greenland. To do so, I first simulate the problem by degrading today's GRACE data to a level comparable with SLR, then demonstrating that the inversion can re-localize Greenland's contribution to the low-resolution signal, giving an accurate time series of mass change over all of Greenland which compares well with the full-resolution GRACE estimates. I then utilize that method on the actual SLR data, resulting in an independent 1994-2014 time series of mass change over Greenland. I find favorable agreement between the pure-SLR inverted results and the 2012 Ice-sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise (IMBIE) results, which are largely based on the "input-output" modeling method before GRACE's launch.

"Amazing Grace": Literature as a Window on Colonial Slavery.

Science.gov (United States)

Basker, James G.

2003-01-01

Describes the book, "Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery 1660-1810." Presents poems, written by 250 writers, that focus on slavery during the 150 year period. Provides examples of materials included in this book and how it can enable students to increase their understanding of slavery. (CMK)

Application of GRACE to the assessment of model-based estimates of monthly Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance (2003-2012)

Science.gov (United States)

Schlegel, Nicole-Jeanne; Wiese, David N.; Larour, Eric Y.; Watkins, Michael M.; Box, Jason E.; Fettweis, Xavier; van den Broeke, Michiel R.

2016-09-01

Quantifying the Greenland Ice Sheet's future contribution to sea level rise is a challenging task that requires accurate estimates of ice sheet sensitivity to climate change. Forward ice sheet models are promising tools for estimating future ice sheet behavior, yet confidence is low because evaluation of historical simulations is challenging due to the scarcity of continental-wide data for model evaluation. Recent advancements in processing of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data using Bayesian-constrained mass concentration ("mascon") functions have led to improvements in spatial resolution and noise reduction of monthly global gravity fields. Specifically, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's JPL RL05M GRACE mascon solution (GRACE_JPL) offers an opportunity for the assessment of model-based estimates of ice sheet mass balance (MB) at ˜ 300 km spatial scales. Here, we quantify the differences between Greenland monthly observed MB (GRACE_JPL) and that estimated by state-of-the-art, high-resolution models, with respect to GRACE_JPL and model uncertainties. To simulate the years 2003-2012, we force the Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM) with anomalies from three different surface mass balance (SMB) products derived from regional climate models. Resulting MB is compared against GRACE_JPL within individual mascons. Overall, we find agreement in the northeast and southwest where MB is assumed to be primarily controlled by SMB. In the interior, we find a discrepancy in trend, which we presume to be related to millennial-scale dynamic thickening not considered by our model. In the northwest, seasonal amplitudes agree, but modeled mass trends are muted relative to GRACE_JPL. Here, discrepancies are likely controlled by temporal variability in ice discharge and other related processes not represented by our model simulations, i.e., hydrological processes and ice-ocean interaction. In the southeast, GRACE_JPL exhibits larger seasonal amplitude than predicted by the

Faire la ville suburbaine. Le projet Sénart Making the suburban city. The Sénart project

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emeric Lambert

2009-04-01

Full Text Available En 1965 sont lancés en périphérie de Paris cinq projets de villes nouvelles dont Melun-Sénart est la cadette. La ville se voit refuser la création d’un centre-ville jusqu’en 1985. En 1986, Melun-Sénart devenu Sénart lance un concours d’idées pour se créer un centre. Les projets lauréats ne seront pas réalisés. L’aménageur de la ville propose un nouveau projet : le Carré Sénart. Ce carré de 1,4 km de côté est destiné à devenir un centre-ville. Il est subdivisé par une trame orthogonale dans laquelle s’insère notamment un nouveau centre commercial. Il accueille environ 10 millions de visiteurs par an et devient l’espace commun de la ville. Je propose de reconstruire la genèse du projet pour comprendre comment un projet de ville lancé par l’État a aujourd’hui un centre commercial pour centre-ville.In 1965, plans for building five new cities were implemented in the outskirts of Paris. Among these new cities, Melun-Sénart – the most recent of them – was not allowed to build its centre until 1985. In 1986, Melun-Sénart, by then called simply Sénart, launched an idea contest for the creation of its centre but the winning project wasn’t followed through. Instead, the city developer put forward a new project named the “Carré Sénart”. A 1.4km2 area, it was designed to become the city centre. It was subdivided into an orthogonal framework in which most notably a shopping mall was inserted. It now draws ca. 10 million visitors each year and has become the city’s common space. This paper revisits the onset and development of the project so as to understand how a city project initially launched by the State ended up with a shopping mall as city centre.

Nigéria : tous les projets | Page 4 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

End Date: 14 janvier 2009. Sujet: ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING, RESEARCH RESULTS, PERIODICALS. Région: South of Sahara, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda, Tanzania, South Africa. Financement total : CA$ 128,000.00. Modèles commerciaux libres (Amérique latine). Projet. Le Centro de Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS ...

: tous les projets | Page 597 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

La religion, l'action sociale et la politique - étude de l'influence des organisations confessionnelles sur les politiques publiques au Liban. Projet. Au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord, les organisations confessionnelles représentent l'une des principales forces de changement politique et social. Date de début : 30 avril ...

: tous les projets | Page 134 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Ce projet vise à inspirer des politiques qui aideront des groupes marginalisés en Afrique, tels que les femmes et les pauvres, à tirer avantage des possibilités sociales et économiques qu'offre l'Internet à large bande. Sujet: TELECOMMUNICATIONS. Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa.

: tous les projets | Page 180 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: Argentina, South America, Chile, Uruguay, North and Central America. Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 507,700.00. Capacités en science du comportement pour relever les facteurs qui entravent ou facilitent les essais d'un vaccin contre le VIH au Nigeria. Projet. L'accès au traitement ...

Peru : tous les projets | Page 7 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: North and Central America, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru. Programme: ... Le projet Punto J, financé par le CRDI (no 103077), constitue une approche novatrice pour ce qui est de contrer la progression rapide du VIH/sida chez les jeunes en Amérique latine. Date de ...

: tous les projets | Page 67 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Financement total : CA$ 543,005.00. Essais cliniques d'un vaccin expérimental contre le virus Ebola : une intervention canadienne dans la recherche. Projet. Cette initiative soutient les essais cliniques de phases II et III d'un vaccin expérimental contre le virus Ebola. Sujet: CANADA. Région: Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Canada.

: tous les projets | Page 45 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: Kenya, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Netherlands. Programme: Employment and Growth. Financement total : CA$ 1,213,000.00. Accroître l'inclusion financière pour les femmes et les jeunes vulnérables : Proyecto Capital. Projet. L'accès à des services financiers officiels peut aider les personnes ...

Résultats de recherche | Page 67 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Adaptation aux changements climatiques et sécurité alimentaire et hydrique au Pakistan. Les inondations dévastatrices qui ont frappé le bassin de l'Indus en 2010 ont recouvert près du cinquième du territoire du Pakistan et touché quelque 20 millions de personnes. Projet.

Le début d'une nouvelle vie pour de vieux ordinateurs | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

25 janv. 2011 ... Un projet financé par le CRDI qui fournit des ordinateurs aux écoles tout en créant des emplois permet de s'attaquer au problème environnemental causé par les déchets électroniques en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes.

Résultats de recherche | Page 7 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

L'établissement d'un réseau de politique étrangère à Ottawa aidera à combler certaines lacunes, à renforcer le milieu de la politique étrangère dans la région de la capitale nationale et à intégrer de jeunes professionnels aux travaux en. Projet.

Numerical precision control and GRACE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujimoto, J.; Hamaguchi, N.; Ishikawa, T.; Kaneko, T.; Morita, H.; Perret-Gallix, D.; Tokura, A.; Shimizu, Y.

2006-01-01

The control of the numerical precision of large-scale computations like those generated by the GRACE system for automatic Feynman diagram calculations has become an intrinsic part of those packages. Recently, Hitachi Ltd. has developed in FORTRAN a new library HMLIB for quadruple and octuple precision arithmetic where the number of lost-bits is made available. This library has been tested with success on the 1-loop radiative correction to e + e - ->e + e - τ + τ - . It is shown that the approach followed by HMLIB provides an efficient way to track down the source of numerical significance losses and to deliver high-precision results yet minimizing computing time

Communications en cas de catastrophe faisant appel aux TIC pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Communications en cas de catastrophe faisant appel aux TIC pour les collectivités vulnérables des Caraïbes. De récents événements survenus dans les Caraïbes ont mis en relief les insuffisances des mesures régionales et nationales de préparation aux catastrophes. On manque particulièrement de systèmes d'alerte ...

The celestial mechanics approach: application to data of the GRACE mission

Science.gov (United States)

Beutler, Gerhard; Jäggi, Adrian; Mervart, Leoš; Meyer, Ulrich

2010-11-01

The celestial mechanics approach (CMA) has its roots in the Bernese GPS software and was extensively used for determining the orbits of high-orbiting satellites. The CMA was extended to determine the orbits of Low Earth Orbiting satellites (LEOs) equipped with GPS receivers and of constellations of LEOs equipped in addition with inter-satellite links. In recent years the CMA was further developed and used for gravity field determination. The CMA was developed by the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB). The CMA is presented from the theoretical perspective in (Beutler et al. 2010). The key elements of the CMA are illustrated here using data from 50 days of GPS, K-Band, and accelerometer observations gathered by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission in 2007. We study in particular the impact of (1) analyzing different observables [Global Positioning System (GPS) observations only, inter-satellite measurements only], (2) analyzing a combination of observations of different types on the level of the normal equation systems (NEQs), (3) using accelerometer data, (4) different orbit parametrizations (short-arc, reduced-dynamic) by imposing different constraints on the stochastic orbit parameters, and (5) using either the inter-satellite ranges or their time derivatives. The so-called GRACE baseline, i.e., the achievable accuracy of the GRACE gravity field for a particular solution strategy, is established for the CMA.

"A Prairie Childhood" by Edith Abbott: An Excerpt from "The Children's Champion," a Biography of Grace Abbott

Science.gov (United States)

Sorensen, John

2003-01-01

Grace Abbott's courageous struggles--to protect the rights of immigrants, to increase the role of women in government, and to improve the lives of all children--are filled with adventurous tales of the remarkable human ability to seek out suffering and to do something about it. "A Prairie Childhood" is an excerpt from the Grace Abbott biography…

Canada : tous les projets | Page 2 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Améliorer l'immunité innée des macrophages par la modulation des protéines tyrosine phosphatases : recensement complet des gènes encodant les protéines tyrosine phosphatases chez la souris et l'humain. Projet. Les maladies causées par une infection guérissent le plus souvent grâce à une réaction immunitaire ...

india : tous les projets | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Améliorer l'immunité innée des macrophages par la modulation des protéines tyrosine phosphatases : recensement complet des gènes encodant les protéines tyrosine phosphatases chez la souris et l'humain. Projet. Les maladies causées par une infection guérissent le plus souvent grâce à une réaction immunitaire ...

senegal : tous les projets | Page 7 | CRDI - Centre de recherches ...

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La première phase du projet (101581) a permis la mise en place des conditions matérielles et humaines d'utilisation des technologies d'information et de la communication (TIC) comme support à l'apprentissages à l'école élémentaire Serigne Amadou Aly Mbaye (SAAM) érigée en école pilote. Date de début : 30 mars ...

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Una Hakika : Porter à grande échelle les solutions numériques pour la gestion des conflits au Kenya et en Birmanie. Projet. L'information erronée, qu'elle soit le fruit de rumeurs ou d'une désinformation intentionnelle, peut alimenter le conflit et exercer de profondes répercussions sur la paix, la sécurité et la gouvernance ...

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Programme: Initiative Think tank. Financement total : CA$ 15,106,220.00. Violence chez les jeunes, crime organisé et insécurité publique (Amérique centrale, Haïti, Mexique). Projet. Il ressort de sondages d'opinion publique que la sécurité est la principale préoccupation de la population en Amérique centrale, en Haïti et au ...

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Programme: Climate Change. Financement total : CA$ 1,200,000.00. Reconstruction après le tsunami dans ... Gestion décentralisée des déchets solides urbains en Indonésie. Projet. En Indonésie, les zones urbaines produisent 55 000 tonnes de déchets solides par jour, et on s'attend à ce que ce volume triple d'ici à 2025.

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet produira des données probantes pour aider à orienter les stratégies de traitement chez les patients atteints de déficits de la mémoire et à réduire les symptômes associés à la maladie d'Alzheimer. Région: Canada, Israel, India. Programme: Programme de recherche en santé Canada-Israël. Financement total ...

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International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région(s): India, Canada, Germany, United Kingdom. Financement total : CA$ 1,000,000.00. Améliorer l'état nutritionnel des enfants. Projet. En Afrique subsaharienne, les systèmes de santé font face à trois défis considérables : la prévalence élevée de la malnutrition chez les enfants, la hausse des maladies chroniques ...

Earth Surface Deformation in the North China Plain Detected by Joint Analysis of GRACE and GPS Data

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Renli; Li, Jiancheng; Fok, Hok Sum; Shum, C.K.; Li, Zhao

2014-01-01

Mass redistribution of the Earth causes variable loading that deforms the solid Earth. While most recent studies using geodetic techniques focus on regions (such as the Amazon basin and the Nepal Himalayas) with large seasonal deformation amplitudes on the order of 1–4 cm due to hydrologic loading, few such studies have been conducted on the regions where the seasonal deformation amplitude is half as large. Here, we use joint GPS and GRACE data to investigate the vertical deformation due to hydrologic loading in the North China Plain, where significant groundwater depletion has been reported. We found that the GPS- and GRACE-derived secular trends and seasonal signals are in good agreement, with an uplift magnitude of 1–2 mm/year and a correlation of 85.0%–98.5%, respectively. This uplift rate is consistent with groundwater depletion rate estimated from GRACE data and in-situ groundwater measurements from earlier report studies; whereas the seasonal hydrologic variation reflects human behavior of groundwater pumping for agriculture irrigation in spring, leading to less water storage in summer than that in the winter season. However, less than 20% of weighted root-mean-squared (WRMS) reductions were detected for all the selected GPS stations when GRACE-derived seasonal deformations were removed from detrended GPS height time series. This discrepancy is probably because the GRACE-derived seasonal signals are large-scale, while the GPS-derived signals are local point measurements. PMID:25340454

Earth surface deformation in the North China Plain detected by joint analysis of GRACE and GPS data.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Renli; Li, Jiancheng; Fok, Hok Sum; Shum, C K; Li, Zhao

2014-10-22

Mass redistribution of the Earth causes variable loading that deforms the solid Earth. While most recent studies using geodetic techniques focus on regions (such as the Amazon basin and the Nepal Himalayas) with large seasonal deformation amplitudes on the order of 1-4 cm due to hydrologic loading, few such studies have been conducted on the regions where the seasonal deformation amplitude is half as large. Here, we use joint GPS and GRACE data to investigate the vertical deformation due to hydrologic loading in the North China Plain, where significant groundwater depletion has been reported. We found that the GPS- and GRACE-derived secular trends and seasonal signals are in good agreement, with an uplift magnitude of 1-2 mm/year and a correlation of 85.0%-98.5%, respectively. This uplift rate is consistent with groundwater depletion rate estimated from GRACE data and in-situ groundwater measurements from earlier report studies; whereas the seasonal hydrologic variation reflects human behavior of groundwater pumping for agriculture irrigation in spring, leading to less water storage in summer than that in the winter season. However, less than 20% of weighted root-mean-squared (WRMS) reductions were detected for all the selected GPS stations when GRACE-derived seasonal deformations were removed from detrended GPS height time series. This discrepancy is probably because the GRACE-derived seasonal signals are large-scale, while the GPS-derived signals are local point measurements.

Mass balance of Greenland and the Canadian Ice Caps from combined altimetry and GRACE inversion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Forsberg, René; Simonsen, Sebastian Bjerregaard; Sørensen, Louise Sandberg

The combination of GRACE and altimetry data may yield a high resolution mass balance time series of the Greenlandice sheet, highlighting the varying individual mass loss behaviour of major glaciers. By including the Canadian arctic ice caps in the estimation, a more reliable estimate of the mass...... loss of both Greenlandand the Canadian ice caps may be obtained, minimizing the leakage errors otherwise unavoidable by GRACE. Actually, the absolute value of the Greenlandice sheet mass loss is highly dependent on methods and how the effects of Arctic Canadian ice caps are separated in the GRACE...... loss of the ice caps and ice sheet basins for the period 2003-15. This period shows a marked increase of ice sheet melt, especially in NW and NE Greenland, but also show large variability, with the melt anomaly year of 2012 showing a record mass loss, followed by 2013 with essentially no Greenland mass...

: tous les projets | Page 62 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Ce projet propose d'élargir la transformation et la distribution à petite échelle du yogourt par des producteurs laitiers de petite et moyenne envergure. Date de début : 11 août 2015. Sujet: VISUAL MATERIALS, CANADA. Région: Kenya, Canada. Programme: Fonds canadien de recherche sur la sécurité alimentaire ...

: tous les projets | Page 10 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet, mis en œuvre avec le Centre africain pour la transformation économique, est une étude comparative de l'expérience de différents pays africains dans l'inclusion financière des femmes et des jeunes. Région: Ghana, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Zambia. Programme: Employment and Growth. Financement total : CA$ ...

: tous les projets | Page 513 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 874,349.00. Étude du Partenariat de recherche sur l'influenza aviaire en Asie sur l'efficacité des mesures de lutte. Projet. L'influenza aviaire hautement pathogène (H5N1) est une grave maladie qui touche la volaille et contamine les êtres humains ...

: tous les projets | Page 520 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: North of Sahara, South of Sahara, Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, Cambodia, China, Laos, Viet Nam, Thailand. Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 5,093,453.00. Relever le défi posé par les zoonoses infectieuses émergentes en Asie du Sud-Est. Projet. La santé des ...

: tous les projets | Page 585 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

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Sujet: SMOKING, TOBACCO INDUSTRY, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS. Région: Far East Asia, Viet Nam, Central Asia, South Asia. Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 186,450.00. Coûts de la santé associés au tabagisme au Vietnam. Projet. On ne connaît pas précisément la charge ...

: tous les projets | Page 456 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: Bangladesh, Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia, Canada. Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 565,111.00. Évaluation des politiques de lutte contre le tabagisme au Bangladesh. Projet. En 2005, le Bangladesh a adopté sa première loi de vaste portée visant à contrer la ...

: tous les projets | Page 271 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Date de début : 1 mars 2011. End Date: 1 mars 2016. Région: North and Central America, South America, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Canada. Financement total : CA$ 2,500,000.00. Changements climatiques et santé des autochtones. Projet. Les populations autochtones figurent parmi celles qui sont les plus touchées par les ...

: tous les projets | Page 434 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Ce projet permettra de mener une analyse comparative des perceptions qu'ont les jeunes des pays du MERCOSUR (Argentine, Brésil, Paraguay et Uruguay) des droits, de la démocratie et de l'intégration régionale. Date de début : 31 mars 2008. End Date: 1 janvier 2010. Sujet: YOUTH ORGANIZATIONS, YOUTH ...

: tous les projets | Page 12 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le système de justice bolivien obtient une condamnation dans moins de 0,05 % des causes d'agression sexuelle envers les enfants. Région: Bolivia, Canada. Programme: Governance and Justice. Financement total : CA$ 63,700.00. Étude sur le rendement du système de justice public en Bolivie. Projet. Le système de ...

: tous les projets | Page 301 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Programme: Alimentation, environnement et santé. Financement total : CA$ 642,600.00. Prévision et prévention de zoonoses émergentes chez les animaux sauvages. Projet. Les zoonoses émergentes et résurgentes au Brésil à l'heure actuelle sont le fait d'interactions complexes entre les systèmes naturels et humains.

: tous les projets | Page 178 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Recherche sur les stratégies de prévention du VIH chez les adolescents. Projet. En Afrique, le VIH a des répercussions dévastatrices sur les jeunes. Date de début : 14 juin 2012. End Date: 14 mars 2014. Sujet: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES, AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA, SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR, CIRCUMCISION, ...

: tous les projets | Page 15 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... des femmes et des personnes lesbiennes, gaies, bisexuelles, transgenres, intersexuées dans les régions touchées par les conflits en Colombie. Projet. La Colombie est en train de conclure les négociations de paix avec le groupe de rebelles des Forces armées révolutionnaires de Colombie (FARC). Région: Colombia.

: tous les projets | Page 628 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Santé et diversité alimentaire au Yémen. Projet. Incité par l'adoption de politiques nationales sur l'agriculture et l'alimentation, le Yémen a transformé rapidement son secteur agricole. Date de début : 19 janvier 2006. End Date: 1 février 2009. Sujet: INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE, TRADITIONAL CULTURE, DIET, FOOD ...

: tous les projets | Page 387 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Sujet: ANTHROPOMETRY, DIAGNOSIS, MALNUTRITION, EARLY CHILDHOOD. Région: India, Central Asia, Far East Asia, South Asia. Programme: Santé des mères et des enfants. Financement total : CA$ 41,300.00. Mise au point d'un indice précis pour évaluer le risque de morbidité associé à la sous-alimentation. Projet.

: tous les projets | Page 627 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Projet. Ces dernières années, les Libanais ont changé peu à peu leurs habitudes alimentaires traditionnelles afin de privilégier une alimentation occidentalisée, moins saine et moins diversifiée. Date de début : 22 mars 2009. End Date: 25 mars 2013. Sujet: RURAL AREAS, FOOD CROPS, FOOD POLICY, MALNUTRITION, ...

Bolivia : tous les projets | Page 4 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Région: North and Central America, South America, Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela. Programme: Gouvernance et justice. Financement total : CA$ 215,000.00. Le cadre d'analyse de la gouvernance, une approche de recherche sur les systèmes de santé. Projet. Les initiatives de politiques actuelles visant à réformer les systèmes ...

Groundwater Withdrawals under Drought: Reconciling GRACE and Models in the United States High Plains Aquifer

Science.gov (United States)

Nie, W.; Zaitchik, B. F.; Kumar, S.; Rodell, M.

2017-12-01

Advanced Land Surface Models (LSM) offer a powerful tool for studying and monitoring hydrological variability. Highly managed systems, however, present a challenge for these models, which typically have simplified or incomplete representations of human water use, if the process is represented at all. GRACE, meanwhile, detects the total change in water storage, including change due to human activities, but does not resolve the source of these changes. Here we examine recent groundwater declines in the US High Plains Aquifer (HPA), a region that is heavily utilized for irrigation and that is also affected by episodic drought. To understand observed decline in groundwater (well observation) and terrestrial water storage (GRACE) during a recent multi-year drought, we modify the Noah-MP LSM to include a groundwater pumping irrigation scheme. To account for seasonal and interannual variability in active irrigated area we apply a monthly time-varying greenness vegetation fraction (GVF) dataset to the model. A set of five experiments were performed to study the impact of irrigation with groundwater withdrawal on the simulated hydrological cycle of the HPA and to assess the importance of time-varying GVF when simulating drought conditions. The results show that including the groundwater pumping irrigation scheme in Noah-MP improves model agreement with GRACE mascon solutions for TWS and well observations of groundwater anomaly in the southern HPA, including Texas and Kansas, and that accounting for time-varying GVF is important for model realism under drought. Results for the HPA in Nebraska are mixed, likely due to misrepresentation of the recharge process. This presentation will highlight the value of the GRACE constraint for model development, present estimates of the relative contribution of climate variability and irrigation to declining TWS in the HPA under drought, and identify opportunities to integrate GRACE-FO with models for water resource monitoring in heavily

The potential of GRACE gravimetry to detect the heavy rainfall-induced impoundment of a small reservoir in the upper Yellow River

Science.gov (United States)

Yi, Shuang; Song, Chunqiao; Wang, Qiuyu; Wang, Linsong; Heki, Kosuke; Sun, Wenke

2017-08-01

Artificial reservoirs are important indicators of anthropogenic impacts on environments, and their cumulative influences on the local water storage will change the gravity signal. However, because of their small signal size, such gravity changes are seldom studied using satellite gravimetry from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Here we investigate the ability of GRACE to detect water storage changes in the Longyangxia Reservoir (LR), which is situated in the upper main stem of the Yellow River. Three different GRACE solutions from the CSR, GFZ, and JPL with three different processing filters are compared here. We find that heavy precipitation in the summer of 2005 caused the LR water storage to increase by 37.9 m in height, which is equivalent to 13.0 Gt in mass, and that the CSR solutions with a DDK4 filter show the best performance in revealing the synthetic gravity signals. We also obtain 109 pairs of reservoir inundation area measurements from satellite imagery and water level changes from laser altimetry and in situ observations to derive the area-height ratios for the LR. The root mean square of GRACE series in the LR is reduced by 39% after removing synthetic signals caused by mass changes in the LR or by 62% if the GRACE series is further smoothed. We conclude that GRACE data show promising potential in detecting water storage changes in this ˜400 km2 reservoir and that a small signal size is not a restricting factor for detection using GRACE data.

Attention, Asceticism, and Grace: Simone Weil and Higher Education

Science.gov (United States)

Roberts, Peter

2011-01-01

The work of the French thinker Simone Weil has exerted an important influence on scholars in a wide range of fields. To date, however, her writings have attracted comparatively little interest from educationists. This article discusses some of the key concepts in Weil's philosophy--gravity, grace, decreation, and attention--and assesses their…

Product shipping information using graceful labeling on undirected tree graph approach

Science.gov (United States)

Kuan, Yoong Kooi; Ghani, Ahmad Termimi Ab

2017-08-01

Product shipping information is the related information of an ordered product that ready to be shipped to the foreign customer's company, where the information represents as an irrefutable proof in black and white to the local manufacturer by E-mails. This messy and unordered list of information is stored in E-mail folders by the people incharge, which do not function in collating the information properly. So, in this paper, an algorithm is proposed on how to rearrange the messy information from the sequence of a path graph structure into a concise version of a caterpillar graph with achieving the concept of graceful labeling. The final graceful caterpillar graph consists of the full listed information together with the numbering, which able to assist people get the information fleetly for shipping arrangement procedure.

Emplois aux frontières : Quelles politiques peuvent-elles favoriser l ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

... en collaboration avec le Mekong Migration Network, une organisation non gouvernementale régionale qui intervient en faveur du bien-être des travailleurs migrants. Le projet est cofinancé par le Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI), organisme canadien, et la Fondation Toyota du Japon.

Evaluating short-term hydro-meteorological fluxes using GRACE-derived water storage changes

Science.gov (United States)

Eicker, A.; Jensen, L.; Springer, A.; Kusche, J.

2017-12-01

Atmospheric and terrestrial water budgets, which represent important boundary conditions for both climate modeling and hydrological studies, are linked by evapotranspiration (E) and precipitation (P). These fields are provided by numerical weather prediction models and atmospheric reanalyses such as ERA-Interim and MERRA-Land; yet, in particular the quality of E is still not well evaluated. Via the terrestrial water budget equation, water storage changes derived from products of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission, combined with runoff (R) data can be used to assess the realism of atmospheric models. In this contribution we will investigate the closure of the water balance for short-term fluxes, i.e. the agreement of GRACE water storage changes with P-E-R flux time series from different (global and regional) atmospheric reanalyses, land surface models, as well as observation-based data sets. Missing river runoff observations will be extrapolated using the calibrated rainfall-runoff model GR2M. We will perform a global analysis and will additionally focus on selected river basins in West Africa. The investigations will be carried out for various temporal scales, focusing on short-term fluxes down to daily variations to be detected in daily GRACE time series.

Assimilation of GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage into a Land Surface Model: Evaluation 1 and Potential Value for Drought Monitoring in Western and Central Europe

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Bailing; Rodell, Matthew; Zaitchik, Benjamin F.; Reichle, Rolf H.; Koster, Randal D.; van Dam, Tonie M.

2012-01-01

A land surface model s ability to simulate states (e.g., soil moisture) and fluxes (e.g., runoff) is limited by uncertainties in meteorological forcing and parameter inputs as well as inadequacies in model physics. In this study, anomalies of terrestrial water storage (TWS) observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission were assimilated into the NASA Catchment land surface model in western and central Europe for a 7-year period, using a previously developed ensemble Kalman smoother. GRACE data assimilation led to improved runoff correlations with gauge data in 17 out of 18 hydrological basins, even in basins smaller than the effective resolution of GRACE. Improvements in root zone soil moisture were less conclusive, partly due to the shortness of the in situ data record. In addition to improving temporal correlations, GRACE data assimilation also reduced increasing trends in simulated monthly TWS and runoff associated with increasing rates of precipitation. GRACE assimilated root zone soil moisture and TWS fields exhibited significant changes in their dryness rankings relative to those without data assimilation, suggesting that GRACE data assimilation could have a substantial impact on drought monitoring. Signals of drought in GRACE TWS correlated well with MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data in most areas. Although they detected the same droughts during warm seasons, drought signatures in GRACE derived TWS exhibited greater persistence than those in NDVI throughout all seasons, in part due to limitations associated with the seasonality of vegetation.

Antarctic contribution to sea level rise observed by GRACE with improved GIA correction

Science.gov (United States)

Ivins, Erik R.; James, Thomas S.; Wahr, John; Schrama, Ernst J. O.; Landerer, Felix W.; Simon, Karen M.

2013-06-01

Antarctic volume changes during the past 21 thousand years are smaller than previously thought, and here we construct an ice sheet history that drives a forward model prediction of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) gravity signal. The new model, in turn, should give predictions that are constrained with recent uplift data. The impact of the GIA signal on a Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Antarctic mass balance estimate depends on the specific GRACE analysis method used. For the method described in this paper, the GIA contribution to the apparent surface mass change is re-evaluated to be +55±13 Gt/yr by considering a revised ice history model and a parameter search for vertical motion predictions that best fit the GPS observations at 18 high-quality stations. Although the GIA model spans a range of possible Earth rheological structure values, the data are not yet sufficient for solving for a preferred value of upper and lower mantle viscosity nor for a preferred lithospheric thickness. GRACE monthly solutions from the Center for Space Research Release 04 (CSR-RL04) release time series from January 2003 to the beginning of January 2012, uncorrected for GIA, yield an ice mass rate of +2.9± 29 Gt/yr. The new GIA correction increases the solved-for ice mass imbalance of Antarctica to -57±34 Gt/yr. The revised GIA correction is smaller than past GRACE estimates by about 50 to 90 Gt/yr. The new upper bound to the sea level rise from the Antarctic ice sheet, averaged over the time span 2003.0-2012.0, is about 0.16±0.09 mm/yr.

Publications | Page 45 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le projet initié par l''ONG Initiatives pour un Développement durable (IDID) " Renforcement des connaissances économiques et de la capacité d''adaptation face aux changements climatiques au Bénin " (PRECAB) vise à améliorer la capacité d''adaptation et la résilience des communautés locales afin.

Publications | Page 46 | CRDI - Centre de recherches pour le ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le projet initié par l''ONG Initiatives pour un Développement durable (IDID) " Renforcement des connaissances économiques et de la capacité d''adaptation face aux changements climatiques au Bénin " (PRECAB) vise à améliorer la capacité d''adaptation et la résilience des communautés locales afin.

IDRC Bulletin CRDI #110

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Appel de cas : Interactions entre les secteurs public et privé visant la ... Étendre la protection de la loi aux populations à risque au Canada et dans le monde ... en Asie du Sud a été brisé grâce à un projet de trois ans financé par le CRDI.

Past Failures for Future Learning

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wadum, Jørgen

2004-01-01

efficace dans un domaine spécialisé se constitue en amont par l’implication de structures dotées d’une expertise et de savoir-faire. L’ICOM-CC regroupe des professionnels de la conservation et dispose de moyens humains et techniques pour participer efficacement et activement aux projets liés à des...

Evaluating Renewable Groundwater Stress with GRACE data in Greece

Science.gov (United States)

Lakshmi, V.; Gemitzi, A.

2016-12-01

Groundwater is a resilient water source and its importance as a fundamental resource is even greater in times of drought where groundwater stress conditions are greatest for areas like Mediterranean and adverse climate change effects are expected. The present study evaluates Renewable Groundwater Stress (RGS) as the ratio of groundwater use to groundwater availability, quantifying use as the trend in GRACE-derived subsurface anomalies (ΔGWtrend) and renewable groundwater availability as mean annual recharge. Estimates for mean annual recharge were used from groundwater studies conducted for the various regions in Greece, mainly in the form of numerical models. Our results highlighted two RGS regimes in Greece out of the four characteristic stress regimes, i.e. Overstressed, Variable Stress, Human-Dominated Stress and Unstressed, defined as a function of the sign of use and the sign of groundwater availability (positive or negative). Variable Stress areas are found in central Greece (Thessaly region), where intense agricultural activities take place, with negative ΔGWtrend values combined with positive mean annual recharge rates. RGS values range from -0.05 - 0, indicating however a low impact area. Within this region, adverse effects of groundwater overexploitation are already evident, based on the negative GRACE anomalies, recharge however still remains positive, amending the adverse over pumping impacts. The rest of Greek aquifers fall within the unstressed category, with RGS values from 0.02 - 0.05, indicating that the rate of use is less than the natural recharge rate. The highest Unstressed RGS values are observed in Crete Island and in Northeastern Greece. However, the case of Crete is highly uncertain, as precipitation and recharge in this area demonstrate exceptionally high variability and the coarse resolution of GRACE results does not allow for reliable estimates.