Role of the Ottoman Geopolitics During the First World War

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Burak Çınar

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Ottoman Empire had the potential to influence policy on three continents, to expand the war broken out in Europe in 1914, thanks to its geographical position. To continue the war, Germany had to get rid of containment of the Triple Entente, and found the solution to maximize to benefit from the Ottoman geopolitics. Germans succeeded in driving the Ottomans. When the war spread with the Ottoman Empire’s entry into the war, Germany took a breath in Europe. Thanks to the newly emerging fronts Ottoman forces drew many Russian and British Colonial divisions on its own divisions. Accumulation of the British divisions in Egypt; reinforcement of fronts emerged in Gallipoli, Palestine and Iraq; and opening a second front to Russia was by courtesy of the Ottomans. This was providing strategic advantage to the Germans. And the Entente powers saw German defeat completing the containment after the Ottoman Empire out of war. Thus the British took on the Ottomans despite numerous fronts. This blow would change the Middle East map.

[Notes on the Indian Red Crescent aid and Dr. Ensari's contributions before the decline of the Ottoman Empire].

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Izgöer, Ahmet Zeki

2002-01-01

This article deals with the Indian Red Crescent aids and Dr. Ahmed Ensari's role in this activity during the wars in the early 20th century that led the Ottoman Empire to dismantle. The Indian Red Crescent presided by Dr. Ensari sent a medical team and sanitary material for the Ottomans battered during the war in Tripoli (1911) and the succeeding war at the Balkans (1912). The article also deals with the meetings of the above-mentioned medical team with the Ottoman statesmen and dignitaries; its success at the Tripoli front and its projects concerning the Ottoman immigrants from the Balkan region. The humanitarian aids of the Indian Red Crescent continued afterwards, especially during the World War II (1914-1918) and the War of Independence (1919-1922). On their return to India, Dr. Ensari and the members of the team held a series of meetings and spoke of their activities to the people in their country. They tried to spread their sympathy for the Ottoman-Turkish people even to the outposts of India. This article is an attempt to describe the sympathy of this brother nation (Pakistan of today) proved by their aids and support far away from their borders.

La fondation de l’Empire ottoman chez Kemal Tahir et Tarik Bugra entre mythe et réalité historique The foundation of the Ottoman Empire in the works of Kemal Tahir and Tarık Buğra. Between the myth and the historical reality

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Valérie Gay

2012-05-01

Full Text Available En traitant majoritairement du déclin de l’Empire ottoman et de l’épopée républicaine, le roman turc du début du XXe siècle se fait amplement l’écho de la vision officielle de l’État kémaliste moderniste et occidentaliste. Mais au fil du temps, conscients qu’il est vital pour une société de connaître son histoire, des écrivains se repenchent sur le passé ottoman. Dans Devlet Ana (1967 et Osmancık (1983, Kemal Tahir et Tarık Buğra prennent pour sujet le début de la fondation d’un ordre étatique par les tribus turkmènes aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles. Vision marxiste pour l’un, plus spiritualiste pour l’autre, tous deux s’attachent à mettre en lumière les aspects positifs qui ont présidé à la fondation de l’Empire ottoman (défense des valeurs humaines, modèle de droit et de justice et se rejoignent dans une même défense de l’identité nationale.One of the prominent themes of Turkish literature of the 20th century adresses the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the emergence of the Republic. This largely echoes the official view of the western orientated Kemalistic government. Gradually, some writers became conscious of the vital necessity for the country to embrace its history, and started to examine their ottoman past.In Devlet Ana (1967 and in Osmancık (1983, Kemal Tahir and Tarık Buğra took as a subject the beginning of the foundation of a State by the tribes of Turkmen in the 13th and 14th centuries. Despite a marxist vision on one side and a spiritual view on the other, both of them were attached to putting emphasis on the positive aspects of the ottoman Empire’s foundation ( the defense of human values and the model of law and order ; they both came together to stand up for the defense of a national identity.

GARDENING IN OTTOMAN TURKS

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Yıldız AKSOY

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Within this study, the art of gardening in Ottoman Turks has been examined in four periods: 1. The period starting with the establishment of the Ottoman Empire till the conquest of the Byzantine capital of Constantinople by the Turks (1300-1453 2. The period starting with the conquest of Istanbul till the Tulip Era (1706 3. The Tulip Era (1703-1730 4. The period starting with the Tulip Era (1730 till the establishment of the Republic (1923 In the first period, Ottoman Turks remained under the influence of Seljuk art and were partly in contact with the Byzantine works. When miniatures showing the palace life are examined, often the importance given to the atrium garden could be seen. A significant development in the art of gardening was experienced during the period starting with the conquest of Istanbul till the Tulip Era. The Tulip Era has been a very productive period in terms of fine art in Ottoman history. Major improvements and innovations in poetry, literature, music, civil architecture and especially in the art of gardening has emerged. Till the Tulip Era, the unique natural landscape of Istanbul was equipped with the top works of art of Ottoman Turks. The art of gardening in Ottoman Turks has entered a new period with the end of the Tulip Era in 1730. This period, has been the period in which foreign influence started to affect Ottoman gardens. The most important works of the second period; the Topkapı Palace Garden and the Yıldız Palace garden, which was mostly established in a natural layout and has been the latest example of Ottoman palace gardening, were examined within this study. The structuring of the Ottoman gardens has changed and developed during the historical process depending on various effects such as life styles of the period and the artistic-cultural structure of the period.

SPACE AND MEANING CHANGE IN URBANIZATION AND MODERNIZATION PROCESS: An Urban Park in the First Capital of the Ottoman Empire

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Gul ATANUR

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The foundations of Westernization Movement in Turkey were laid in late Ottoman Empire. Following the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the proclamation of the republic, urban space became highly important and modernist architects from the west planned a large number of Turkish cities. The concept of urban park was introduced and parks became significant components of modern life in this period. Bursa, too, was influenced by this movement; it was planned by western planners and an urban park was built. However, the meaning of urban parks within the ideal of modern life in Turkey and in Bursa has changed over time.  This study is based on urban development periods in Turkey and it presents the change Bursa Kültürpark in Bursa, the early modern city of Turkey, underwent during the process from modernization to globalization.

INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY DOCUMENTS WITH SPECIAL REGIME USED BY ROMANIAN PRINCIPALITIES IN RELATIONS WITH THE OTTOMAN AND THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

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Ion Gr. IONESCU

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Although the existence of some regulating documents, called capitulations, concerning the relations on various plans, between the Romanian Country, Moldavia and the Ottoman Empire was known, the first one of these diplomatic documents, that have been operational over time, was discovered only in 1974. It was an act that had been granted to Mihnea Turkished, in the year 1585. This important discovery has been completed, with others that had the same purpose. In fact, they were some diplomatic documents, with the role of Treaty, which has regulated quite explicitly, the status of the two Romanian principalities, in relations with the suzerain power. The most important fact of their contents was the recognition of the internal autonomy of principalities and a certain degree of freedom, in relations outside the borders. The price was that Romanian countries paid was ,however, to never become hostile to Ottoman interests, integrating in the Ottoman foreign policy and paying an annual tribute.

Muslim merchants and working-class in action : nationalism, social mobilization and boycott movement in the Ottoman Empire 1908-1914

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Çetinkaya, Doğan Y.

2010-01-01

The boycott as an economic weapon appeared in the Ottoman Empire after the 1908 Revolution. The revolution paved the way for a chaotic social and political atmosphere in which the order of things changed drastically. This study will trace how the politics of the new era and the Boycott Movement

Ahmed Hilmi Pasha (1839-1905): A remarkable Ottoman physician and medical translator.

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Tekiner, Halil

2016-09-15

Besides being a founding member of the Ottoman Medical Society (est. 1867) and general director of the Imperial Military and Civil medical schools in Istanbul, Dr Ahmed Hilmi Pasha offered a pathology course for the first time in the Ottoman Empire. He also translated various medical textbooks from French, and he paved the way for using Turkish in Ottoman medical education. © The Author(s) 2016.

La fondation de l’Empire ottoman chez Kemal Tahir et Tarik Bugra entre mythe et réalité historique

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Gay, Valérie

2012-01-01

En traitant majoritairement du déclin de l’Empire ottoman et de l’épopée républicaine, le roman turc du début du XXe siècle se fait amplement l’écho de la vision officielle de l’État kémaliste moderniste et occidentaliste. Mais au fil du temps, conscients qu’il est vital pour une société de connaître son histoire, des écrivains se repenchent sur le passé ottoman. Dans Devlet Ana (1967) et Osmancık (1983), Kemal Tahir et Tarık Buğra prennent pour sujet le début de la fondation d’un ordre étati...

Greene's Selimus (1594: A Scourge of God to the Ottomans

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Fahd Mohammed Taleb Al-Olaqi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The Ottomans were represented in the imagination of Elizabethan drama. However, the Ottoman Sultans were remarkably in demand on Elizabethan stage. Robert Greene's Selimus (1594 shows a real interest in exploring and understanding the psyche of the Ottoman Sultan. The play's pattern theme of patricide explores the unnatural characteristics of the Ottoman royal family. The dramatic scenes of the murderous actions are engaging in lawless incursion upon ancient historical claims. Selimus appears as a proud ambitious tyrant, polluted with the blood of his own brothers. The fraternal conflict forms the inevitable bloodshed in transferring power to descendants in the Ottoman Empire. Greene depicts Sultan Selimus as the scourge of God to the Ottoman House. He holds some philosophy which is contrary to Elizabethan ethical and succession rules. Greene's interpretation of his conflict in the domestic scenes is a significant acknowledgement of the settled nature of Turkish sovereignty, and indeed of its complexity, at his own days.

STONING TO DEATH (RECM IN THEORY AND PRACTICE IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE / TEORIK VE PRATIK OLARAK OSMANLI’DA RECM CEZASI: BAZI BATI ANADOLU SEHIRLERINDEKI UYGULAMALAR

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Dr. Abdülmecit MUTAF

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Adultery which thretens the future of society and is seen asagainst morality is forbidden in Islamic law as is the case in most ofthe jurisprudence. Those who are married and commit this crime arepunished with a penalty called recm if they.are single they arepunished with a penalty called tazir. These penalties for adultery wereadopted exactly by the Ottoman law which is based on the Islamiclaw. In some cases punishments which were not explained in theIslamic law were regulated by kanunnames. There were debates aboutwhether the application of the kanunname regulations were carried outaccording to the Islamic law and whether the recm as punishment wasexecuted in the Ottoman Empire. When we look at both the sourcesand the court registers, we can conclude that the Ottoman law adoptedthe recm punishment same as the one in the Islamic law. On the otherhand, since zina is treated with caution in Islamic law, the attitutes of the Ottoman law towards recm were shaped with tolerance in thisregards.

Bell and Banner: Armenian Revolutionaries at the End of the Ottoman Empire

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2011-12-01

of the Russian bourgeoisie whose sympathy with the Ottoman Armenian cause prompted their activism. Socially, they were members of a relatively...the Armenian bourgeoisie in Russia who contested the Hunchak program on anti-socialist grounds, as well as the Ottoman Armenian elite whose self...were held by the Armenian bourgeoisie , it is significant that the Armenian revolutionaries would defend such assets as this implies at best a degree

Redditi turchi et potentiarum nobis. New Evidence Concerning on the Crusade against the Ottoman Empire in the Mid Fifteenth Century

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Mercedes López-Mayán

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The examination of liturgical codex 56-23 in Toledo Cathedral Library has revealed the existence of an exceptionally rich text, hitherto overlooked by researchers. This document contains an exhaustive assessment of the economic and military capabilities of the Turks and the Christian powers, as well as a description of their strengths and weaknesses in combat. Through the analysis of its contents and its materiality, on the one hand this article associates the circumstances of its origin and use with the preparations for the crusading project that Pius II organized against the Ottoman Empire in 1458. On the other it contextualizes and interprets this new evidence as one of the numerous crusading treatises that proliferated in humanist Europe after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453.

Mercantilist Practices in Europe and a Comparison with Ottoman Economy

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Hasan Sencer PEKER

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Mercantilism thought, emerged in 16th century in Europe, found itself practice field with the rise of nation-state. Mercantilism is an important thought in terms of being the roots of today’s capitalism. In the same era, Ottoman Empire kept its traditional economic practices. Ottoman Empire’s freedom and profusion oriented economic structure couldn’t be sustained anymore against the new aggressive and over-interventionist structure of Mercantilism.

Ebubekir Ratib Efendi as an Ottoman envoy of knowledge between the east and the west

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Bayram, Fatih

2000-01-01

Ankara : The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences, Bilkent University, 2000. Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2000. Includes bibliographical references. The reports of the Ottoman ambassadors about the European states would give us crucial clues for understanding the difference between the world views of the Ottoman Empire and of the European states. Ottoman ambassadors' view of European culture, in general, shaped the picture of Europe in the eyes of the Ot...

Advertising Intellection in Ottoman Empire Period end Sample of Tanin Newspaper between 1908 and 1909 Years

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Ayşe Hanife KOCAKAYA

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Advertising that has become an indispensable element of today’s conditions has also become a frequently used tool of goods and services the companies utilized. With the advances in technology, the number of companies that commercialises their goods has been steadily increasing day by day. That fact that advertising has become such a significant sector of the industry; has provided this sector with the opportunity to contact a lot of people all at the same time. That is why; advertising is special among the marketing and the media tools. The Tanin newspaper discussed in this article began to be broadcast towards the end of the Ottoman Empire. The newspaper that began to be published in the late Ottoman and the early Turkish Republic eras came to the fore as a political organ rather than the advertisements of the publication. The number of Tanin newspaper published during the years 1908-1909 were examined in this article. The newspaper had published many advertisements and covered many brands in the issues that were published during this period,The newspaper that encountered various obstacles during its life of publication bears importance by being, established by the Committee of Union and Progress members as well

Western ideas percolating into Ottoman minds : a survey of translation activity and the famous case of télémaque

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Meral, Arzu

2010-01-01

The dissertation examines late Ottoman intellectual history from the perspective of its confrontation with Western ideas through translations in the Ottoman capital Istanbul, and in a leading intellectual centre of the Ottoman Empire, namely Cairo. It consists of three chapters. The first chapter

Muslim merchants and working-class in action: nationalism, social mobilization and boycott movement in the Ottoman Empire 1908-1914

OpenAIRE

Çetinkaya, Doğan, Y.

2010-01-01

The boycott as an economic weapon appeared in the Ottoman Empire after the 1908 Revolution. The revolution paved the way for a chaotic social and political atmosphere in which the order of things changed drastically. This study will trace how the politics of the new era and the Boycott Movement influenced each other. Two weapons—the boycott and the public meetings—would be the most typical tools in the repertoire of the early Muslim/Turkish nationalism. This work will depict how these two cru...

The Effect of Translations on Cultural Change from The Ottomans to The Turkish Republic

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Fatih ŞİMŞEK

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The innovation movement in the Ottoman Empire, which lasted more than a hundred years, involved an intense translation activity in nearly every field. These translation activities eventually led to the creation of cultural, literary and political works in the Western model. The ideas and thoughts which changed the Ottoman Empire into a democratic republic arose from these westernization movements. During the early years of the Turkish Republic, culture, literature, politics and law were all guided by translations from the Western world. This paper seeks to examine how government-led innovation movements took place in fields such as the military, law, literature and culture during the transition period between the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic, and describe the translation methods which were at the centre of these movements. It will discuss how these translation-oriented innovations shaped the target society in the defined period, the way the target culture was directed and how the government-led cultural change, which did not take into account the cultural norms of the target society and traditions, affected the society.

Inheritance and intergenerational wealth transmission in eighteenth-century Ottoman Kastamonu: an empirical investigation.

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Ergene, Boğaç A; Berker, Ali

2009-01-01

This article investigates the relationship between inheritance and wealth in the context of eighteenth-century Ottoman Kastamonu. Based on the estate inventories of the deceased (sing. tereke) as recorded in Kastamonu court records (sicils), the article introduces a variety of quantitative techniques to measure the impact of Islamic inheritance practices on wealth accumulation across subsequent generations and to understand how it influenced wealth mobility among various socioeconomic groups. The estimations provided in this article suggest that while the inheritance practice in Kastamonu caused wealth fragmentation, the process also contributed to the durability of economic divisions within the provincial Ottoman society.

Feminism, philanthropy and patriotism : female associational life in the Ottoman empire

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Os, Nicolina Anna Norberta Maria van

2013-01-01

This work aimed at providing a better understanding of the involvement of Ottoman (Muslim) women, both as object and as subject, in the regeneration of nationalism through their activities as individuals and in female associational life. By describing and analyzing the feminist,

Éléments de la crise de l'Empire ottoman sous Sélim III (1789-1807)

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Lemarchand, Guy

2008-01-01

C'est à la fin du XVIIIe siècle que s'aggrave brutalement le déclin de l'Empire ottoman, avec l'échec des réformes d'une ampleur sans précédent menées par Sélim III. Se sont dressées contre lui des forces sociales diverses, depuis les fermiers d'impôts jusqu'au petit peuple d'Istanbul, qui avaient intérêt ou croyaient avoir intérêt à ne rien changer, auxquelles se sont joints les gouverneurs cherchant à se tailler des principautés et les états étrangers voulant conquérir de nouvelles province...

Al-Ḥudayyda sous occupation ottomane (1849-1918

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Patrice Chevalier

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Petit port de pêche situé sur les côtes de la mer Rouge, al-Ḥudayyda change progressivement de statut et de dimensions avec l’arrivée de l’armée ottomane en 1839. Al-Ḥudayyda se voit alors choisi comme l’un des points stratégiques (militaire et politique du dispositif colonial ottoman.Grâce aux différentes infrastructures mises en place par l’administration ottomane, mais aussi grâce à l’ouverture du canal de Suez en 1869, le village attire peu à peu une population multi-ethnique et cosmopolite venue y commercer ou simplement y trouver refuge, dans un contexte politique régional passablement agité. D’une centaine de Yéménites à l’origine, il compte 42 000 âmes à la veille de la première guerre mondiale.La cohabitation sous administration ottomane va-t-elle générer ou non des échanges ou emprunts entre les différentes communautés ? Les Ottomans vont-ils réussir à transcender les multiples appartenances identitaires au profit d’une appartenance citoyenne à l’empire, comme le prévoit leur ambitieux programme de réformes ? La ville d’al- Ḥudayyda sera-t-elle dotée d’une identité spécifique suffisamment forte pour que les individus appartenant aux différentes communautés présentes s’identifient à la ville ? Voilà quelques-unes des questions auxquelles cet article tente de répondre.

The Textile Elements in Ottoman Miniatures

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Kevser Gürcan Y A R D I M C I

2015-07-01

Full Text Available With the value given to the art and the artist, high quality works of art in many fields were produced in the Ottoman Era. The art of weaving also lived its brightest period in terms of color, design, and weaving techniques in the Ottoman Empire in XVI. Ce ntury. The weaving products shaped the lifestyles of the people in those times and received great interest in the Palace as well. Silk woven fabrics had become such a great power in those times that it became the greatest symbol showing the power of the Ot toman Empire to the foreigners, and the determiner of the social standing within the society. The Ottoman Sultans used their clothing, which they made to become flamboyant with embroideries, to distinguish themselves from the public, and make them accept t heir power. Among the presents that were presented to the Sultans, clothes, kaftans, and similar fabrics as well as other precious presents, were frequent. The miniature manuscripts that were produced in the Palace are in the quality of unique documents t hat transfer yesterday’s knowledge to the modern age. It is easy to decode the dimensions of the clothing habits, decoration elements and hierarchy concepts of the Ottoman Era, as well as the weaving activities by using the miniature manuscripts. On the ot her hand, these elements constitute a rich alphabet in transferring the emotional structure of the society in those times, the traditions and habits to our world today. The greatest share in this effort belongs to the artists who depicted the miniatures by staying loyal to the texts in the manuscripts as well as to their active participation in the events of those times and their narrating the events as the very first observers. In addition, the muralists depicting the manuscripts and their undertaking the job of drawing the designs on the original fabric helped them to reflect the richness in the design of those times to the miniatures. In this study, the weavings and the accessories

Ottoman Hunting Organization of Silistra Sanjak in The 16th Century

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Mustafa ALKAN

2015-12-01

Full Text Available While hunting in traditional societies, was most commonly practised as a profession, for food, sports or entertainment, it was fully a part of Ottoman State organization as a military exercise or war game. From the first Ottoman rulers, there has been hunting institution in the palace. An organized hunting institution, regular hunting practices and the number of hunted animals had been perceived as the symbols of power of the ruler. Hunting organization was instrumental in identifying the situations of the country and people, inspecting government officials and listening to people’s problems. In this respect, the meaning of hunting ceremony gains great importance. Hunting bird-growing organization in Ottoman Empire palace had been institutionalized since early years. Its provincial administration was created for particular sanjaks. The structure of provincial hunting organization was organized in the form of taşra doğancıları (provincial falconers or hawkers, sayyad (hunters, yavrucu (fledgeling careres, yuvacı (nest carers, kayacı (carer of nest rocks, görenceci (bird observers, tuzakçı (bird catchers. There are records in Ottoman archives about this units concerning their organization, numbers, how they were spread and how the duties were passed from father to son. In this study, in the 16th century provincial Ottoman hunting organization and services in Silistra has been throughly examined, using archive documents.

A Comparative History of Gender and Factory Labour in Ottoman Bursa and Colonial Bombay, c.1850-1910

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Yildiz, Hatice

2017-01-01

This thesis explores the gendered dynamics of industrialisation in the late Ottoman Empire and British India. It examines the ways in which gendered notions of skill, waged work, domesticity and technology shaped employment patterns, labour processes and politics in silk factories in Bursa and cotton mills in Bombay between 1850 and 1910. The project undermines the notion that women's labour was incidental to the development of large-scale factory enterprise in Ottoman and Indian lands. I arg...

EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF AMERICAN MISSIONERS FOR ARMENIANS IN OTTOMAN EMPIRE / OSMANLI DEVLETI’NDE AMERIKAN MISYONERLERININ ERMENILERE YÖNELIK EĞITIM FAALIYETLERI

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Dr. Yahya BAĞÇECİ

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Although missionary is acceptable for all universalreligions, Christians and Christianity come to one’s mindwhen missionary is called. The reason of this is themeaning that is put into the word “mission” according tothe conditions and these meaning’s made based on theHoly Bible. The missionary is the subject that handled as“teaching the Bible, bringing the people who are notChristian in Christianity” is also an actual issue today.A great many missionary organizations wereestablished for spreading Christianity in Europe andAmerica. One of these is American Board, organized inBoston in 1810. This organization, one of the mostsignificant Protestant missionary organizations in USA,sent out missionaries to China, India, South America,Africa and the Middle East where Christianity came intolight to achieve its goal. The activities of the AmericanBoard in the Ottoman lands began in the early 1820s.Missionary activities were not only religiousactivities but also resulted against the Ottomans and onthe contrary, on the side of western countries resulted aspolitically, geographically, socially, economically andculturally. Furthermore, as a result The Ottomans losttotality of their nation and process of the Ottoman decaygained speed. Against the missionary activities TheOttomans had attempted to take precautions, had madesome arrangements but these precautions hadn’tresulted as they expected.

A craniometric analysis of early modern Romania and Hungary: The roles of migration and conversion in shaping European Ottoman population history.

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Allen, Kathryn Grow; von Cramon-Taubadel, Noreen

2017-11-01

Debate persists regarding the biological makeup of European Ottoman communities settled during the expansion of the Ottoman Empire during the 16th and 17th centuries, and the roles of conversion and migration in shaping demography and population history. The aim of this study was to perform an assessment of the biological affinities of three European Ottoman series based on craniometric data. Craniometric data collected from three Ottoman series from Hungary and Romania were compared to European and Anatolian comparative series, selected to represent biological affinity representative of historically recorded migration and conversion influences. Sex-separated samples were analyzed using D 2 -matrices, along with principal coordinates and PERMANOVA analyses to investigate biological affinities. Discriminant function analysis was employed to assign Ottoman individuals to two potential classes: European or Anatolian. Affinity analyses show larger than expected biological differences between males and females within each of the Ottoman communities. Discriminant function analyses show that the majority of Ottoman individuals could be classified as either European or Anatolian with a high probability. Moreover, location within Europe proved influential, as the Ottomans from a location of more geopolitical importance (Budapest) diverged from more hinterland communities in terms of biological affinity patterns. The results suggest that male and female Ottomans may possess distinct population histories, with males and females divergent from each other in terms of their biological affinities. The Ottoman communities appear diverse in terms of constituting a mix of peoples from different biological backgrounds. The greater distances between sexes from the same community, and the differences between communities, may be evidence that the processes of migration and conversion impacted individual people and groups diversely. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A study of pseudo-historical Ottoman narratives of the 17th–18th centuries: envisioning an imperial past and future in the Ottoman social imagination and memory

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Aksoy Sheridan, Rukiye Aslıhan

2016-01-01

Cataloged from PDF version of article. Thesis (Ph.D.): Bilkent University, Department of History, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University, 2016. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-247). This dissertation focuses on a textual and contextual analysis of two previously unstudied sets of pseudo-historical narratives produced and reproduced in miscellanies and fascicles throughout the “post-classical” period of the Ottoman Empire from the mid-seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth cen...

Parading (Tashhir Penalty in Old Ottoman

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Ahmet KILINÇ

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of this essay is to determine which crimes were punished with tasshir, how its procedure was, how it changed and which type of penalty it was, in Old Ottoman. In principle, parading penalty (tashhir is a ta’zir punishment that means discretionary, corrective punishment. In addition this punishment was carried out as a complementary (tekmili penalty, additional (tebei penalty and psychological (nefsi penalty in old Ottoman . In principle, this punishment was legal and it was executed to everyone in public. In Ottoman State, twelve crimes were punished with parading penalty. These are being false witness, being a pander, beating, behaving immorally, rebeling, making environme ntal pollution, waylaying, and stealing, damaging national monopoly, not performing religious duties, drunkenness and not performing army duties.

Neo-Ottomanism" in the Regional Policy of Turkey

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Elnur Tadzhaddinovich Mehdiyev

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The article is devoted to the ideology of Turkey's foreign policy. The term "neo-Ottomanism" is increasingly used in recent years in relation to the Turkish foreign policy. The concept of neo-Ottomanism, which ideology is the Prime Minister Davutoglu, implies a relationship of foreign policy of modern Turkey with the historical heritage of the Ottomans and its focus on return "last Ottoman", taking into account today's realities. The author examines this phenomenon in the context of the regional policy of Turkey in this period. The main directions of the strategy of neo are the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Crimea, and the Balkans. Particular attention is paid to manifestations of neo-Ottomanism in the post-Soviet region and the Middle East, as well as "soft power" strategy in the Turkish neo-Ottomanism. Activities of Ankara in the regions belonging to the sphere of its geopolitical interests is carried out on political, economic, religious, cultural and educational levels. Rapprochement with the political and business circles of influence of countries in the region is aimed at the formation of pro-Turkish lobby. "Arab Spring" has given Turkey a historic opportunity to realize its neo-Ottoman ambitions and create a new order in the Middle East. Turkey's rapprochement with the Islamic world during the 'Arab Spring' demonstrated that Ankara supported in conjunction with the Western nations protest and opposition movements in Egypt, Libya and Tunisia, aims to demonstrate to the West the growth of its influence in the region. Mediation is used in regional conflicts Turkish leadership as an instrument of "soft power", with which Ankara aims to increase its international and regional credibility. The result of "neo-Ottoman" Turkey's policy in relations with Russia became a serious crisis in all spheres of cooperation. Strategic mistakes made by the head of the republic R. Erdogan in the settlement of the Syrian crisis, may

THOMAS STEARNS ELIOT AND OTTOMAN POETS IDEA UNION OTTOMAN POEM / THOMAS STEARNS ELİOT VE DİVAN SAİRİNİN ORTAK DÜNYASI

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Dr. Metin HAKVERDİOĞLU

2009-04-01

Full Text Available There is an idea and a method union betweenOttoman Poets and Thomas Stearn Eliot. Two differentworld man who contemplating unite a point for humanitythat is genostic human. Ottoman poets support Eliot’sspeech, Eliot says the world that Ottoman poets intimate before century. Our nation who has E. U. idealswill interest us to know these similar points. Becausethere are many thinker people there as us and ancetor.For these people, Eliot is a model both idea father andalso acknowledged man. The writer who was given Nobelreward is saying similar words as Ottoman poets’philosophy. In our duty, we know the past and researchseriously Eliot. It isnt’t possible astonish paralel opinionsabout culture, tradition, religion, philophy, literature.Having been pagan modern world against, it is a supportto Eliot from Ottoman poets before century.

T urkish Women’s Figures and Clothing Properties Seen in Ottoman Term Orientalist Paintings

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Hatice HARMANKAYA

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Among movements appearing in the painting art, the one most affecting the Turkish painting has become orientalism. Orientalism is defined as the West and Ea st’s effort to understand each other better. The 18 th century, when the Ottoman Empire is socially, economically and politically in the decline stage, is also the beginning of the orientalist movement. Great interest has been shown to Turkish and foreign painters in the terms of Sultan Selim III, Abdülmecid and Abdü laziz. Cultural interaction between painters has revealed an interest on using the Ottoman and East motifs not only in the side of the Ottoman and also in Western art. Topics of Orientalist painters are generally figure compositions and landscapes. That figure compositions take place in orientalism has caused the woman figure in the painting art to come to the forefront. In this research, it was focused on the women’s figures and clothes the orientalist painters used in their paintings while narrati ng their own, their cities and societies. Epochal figurative paintings of European and Turkish painters, who composed works on the Ottoman territories, were examined in terms of woman images, spaces, clothing, daily - use articles and other cultural items. T he women’s clothes’ model properties, ornamentations, accessories, fabrics and material types were emphasized. Since there wasn’t any style consensus in orientalist paintings, comments of painters on woman images and clothing were compared. In the research the descriptive method was used, and the data were got with the document scanning technique.

Ottoman Greek Education System and Greek Girls' Schools in Istanbul (19th and 20th Centuries)

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Daglar Macar, Oya

2010-01-01

Modernization efforts in education, which were initiated in the 19th century, can be seen as forerunners of the modernization attempts in the Republic period. In this article, Greek education system in the Ottoman Empire will be discussed and the effects and importance of the changes observed in Greek girls' education in 19th and 20th centuries on…

Cultural diversity and Ottoman heritage in contemporary Greek popular novels

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Willert, Trine Stauning

Public and scholarly interest in the impact of Ottoman history and culture on the successor states is increasing. Cultural co-existence in Ottoman society is explored perhaps in an attempt to find answers in the past to contemporary challenges emerging from transnational mobility/migration. Such ...... will place the contemporary novels in relation to earlier Greek literature dealing with cultural identity in the Ottoman period from different angles (e.g. Βιζυηνός, Δέλτα, Σωτηρίου, Φακίνος, Γαλανάκη).......Public and scholarly interest in the impact of Ottoman history and culture on the successor states is increasing. Cultural co-existence in Ottoman society is explored perhaps in an attempt to find answers in the past to contemporary challenges emerging from transnational mobility....../migration. Such interest is obvious in international academia as well as in the cultural sphere of the countries in South-eastern Europe. In Greece, the recent celebration of the 100 years of Thessaloniki’s incorporation in the Greek state has accentuated the city’s Ottoman heritage. A plenitude of exhibitions...

Unity is strength : Masonic lodges in Ottoman Syria with special focus on Tripoli and El Mina (1860-1908)

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Sommer, Dorothe

2013-01-01

Unity is Strength – this was the core statement made by Syrian freemasons already in 1876 when spreading their ideas all over the Syrian lands. With this phrase in mind, in this book Dorothe Sommer analyses early masonic lodges that existed in the late Ottoman Empire showing how Syrian freemasons

Circumcision ceremonies at the Ottoman palace.

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Sari, N; Büyükünal, S N; Zülfikar, B

1996-07-01

Circumcision is widely practiced in all Islamic countries. Festivities pertaining to circumcision vary according to the regions and civilizations. In this report, circumcision festivities at the Ottoman Palace and the socioeconomic importance of the tradition are presented. The Ottoman circumcision technique is discussed, as are the miniature paintings, in manuscript, written on the occasion of the circumcision of the sons of the Sultans. Because these festivities involved the participation of all classes of the society and all professions they contributed to social and technical progress and led to developments in art, music, sports, and ideas.

Derbent Organization in Ottoman Empire as a Security System

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Ayşe Değerli Keçici

2008-06-01

Full Text Available The derbent organization which was established in order to protect caravans and trade-roads and developed from the “Tutkavul” system in Ilhanlıs, is one of the important roads of settlement in the Ottoman State. The derbent facilities, surrounded by walls, are built around intersections of the main roads and in places with central importance; therefore, the inhabitants live in village recorded as the ones responsible for various services are exempted from some or all taxes. Derbents are not only important facilities they also provide security for the region and trade-route but they played a role in enabling settlement in isolated places to Although they were significant in terms of their functions, their organization begins to get out of order in 17th century, the residents have to leave their houses since they are subjected to pressure of bandits. In 18th century the state tried to put this malfunction in order. In spite of all the measures taken the derbents. In couldn’t be brought back to its old form and so neglected. The reform movements that began with the administrative reforms “Tanzimat” enable derbent organizations to be removed and in modern sense security organization is founded; in this framework inns and derbents in some certain points are transformed into gendarme post

THE CRIMEAN WAR AND ITS EFFECTS ON OTTOMAN SOCIAL LIFE

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GÜNAY, Bekir

2014-01-01

THE CRIMEAN WAR AND ITS EFFECTS ON OTTOMAN SOCIAL LIFE     "Westernization" movement of Ottoman State starting with Selim III gained momentum with 1839 Tanzimat. Reference of social structure defined by the Tanzimat is Europe. In 1841 London agreement, Ottoman State's territorial integrity and sovereignity was preserved by European great states.     On January 9th, 1853 in St Petersburg in the historical debate between Tzcar Nicola I and British Ambassador Sir George Hamilton a...

The dynamics of the rise and fall of empires

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Gündüz, Güngör

2016-05-01

The rise of empires can be elucidated by treating them as living organisms, and the celebrated Verhulst or Lotka-Volterra dynamics can be used to understand the growth mechanisms of empires. The fast growth can be expressed by an exponential function as in the case of Macedonian empire of the Alexander the Great whereas a sigmoidal growth can be expressed by power-law equation as in the case of Roman and Ottoman empires. The superpowers Russia and the USA follow somehow different mechanisms, Russia displays two different exponential growth behaviors whereas the USA follows two different power-law behaviors. They did not disturb and mobilize their social capacity much during the course of their rise. The decline and the collapse of an empire occur through a kind of fragmentation process, and the consequently formed small states become rather free in their behavior. The lands of the new states formed exhibit a hierarchical pattern, and the number of the states having an area smaller than the largest one can be given either by an exponential or power-law function. The exponential distribution pattern occurs when the states are quite free in their pursuits, but the power-law behavior occurs when they are under the pressure of an empire or a strong state in the region. The geological and geographical conditions also affect whether there occurs exponential or power-law behavior. The new unions formed such as the European Union and the Shanghai Cooperation increase the power-law exponent implying that they increase the stress in the international affairs. The viscoelastic behavior of the empires can be found from the scattering diagrams, and the storage (G‧)and loss modulus (G‧‧), and the associated work-like and heat-like terms can be determined in the sense of thermodynamics. The G‧ of Ottomans was larger than that of Romans implying that they confronted severe resistance during their expansion. The G‧ of Russia is also larger than that of the USA; in fact the

The role of accounting in the industrialization efforts of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century

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Batuhan Güvemli

2017-12-01

Full Text Available When the need for industrialization surfaced in the 19th century, Ottoman Empire aimed to establish state-led, profit-oriented enterprises after the Imperial Edict of 1839, which is also known as Tanzimat. Experienced accountants of the state tried to do the investment calculations of an iron factory in the 1840s (Istanbul by benefiting from the merdiban accounting method, which was initially developed to record the revenues and expenditures of the state. This study contributes to the relevant literature by analyzing the adequacy of this statist-centralist accounting method within a profit-oriented environment and its role in this failed attempt towards industrialization. Merdiban allows the separation of investments as actual construction, still projected and shows the payment status of investments in details. As one of the first profit oriented investment project in the history of the Ottoman Empire, accountants mislead critical pieces of information like plans for procurement of raw materials, projected sales, payback time, capacity and depreciation. Findings indicate that neither accountants nor the method were ready to operate in a for-profit organization, eventually resulting diminish of this old accounting method in 1879. Cuando en el siglo XIX surgió la necesidad de la industrialización, el Imperio Otomano se propuso establecer empresas dirigidas por el estado y con fines de lucro después del Edicto Imperial de 1839, también conocido como Tanzimat. Contadores experimentados del estado intentaron hacer los cálculos de inversión de una fábrica de hierro en la década de 1840 (Estambul al beneficiarse del método de contabilidad merdiban, que se desarrolló inicialmente para registrar los ingresos y los gastos del estado. Este estudio contribuye a la literatura relevante mediante el análisis de la adecuación de este método de contabilidad estatista-centralista dentro de un entorno orientado a los beneficios y su papel en este

Stabilité monétaire dans l'Egypte ottomane du XVIe siècle et commerce de l'or en poudre à partir du Bilâd al-Takrûr

OpenAIRE

Tuchscherer , Michel

2003-01-01

International audience; During the 16th century, the Ottoman Province of Egypt and its dependencies (Yemen, Hedjaz and Habash) formed a monetary area, distinctively different from other parts of the Ottoman Empire. After a severe crisis, its monetary system recovered stability around 1525. The mamluk silver medin (nisf fidda) continued to be mint, but gold coins prevailed largely and Egypt remained unaffected by debasements until the very end of the sixteenth century. This was probably due to...

THE LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS and OTTOMAN DON JUANS (ZENPÂRES / ÇİÇEK DİLİ (LİSÂN-I EZHÂR ve OSMANLI ZENPÂRELERİ

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Edith Gülçin AMBROS

2007-11-01

Full Text Available The "Language of Flowers" is a type of coded communication used in the Ottoman Empire. In this type of communication a number of small portable items correspond to signifieds, but the signifiers are not used in their familiar symbolic sense. In the article, some particulars of the "language of flowers" are defined, and at the same time, a comparison between the Cockney rhyming slang and the Ottoman "language of flowers" is made. At the end of the article there is a sample text thought to belong to the Istanbul zenpâres of former times.

Thobie Jacques, Les Intérêts culturels français dans l’Empire ottoman finissant. L’enseignement laïque et en partenariat, Peeters, Leuven, 2009, 461 p.

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Caroline Piquet

2010-09-01

Full Text Available À l’heure où la France cherche à relancer sa politique culturelle au Moyen-Orient avec l’implantation d’universités et de lycées prestigieux, l’ouvrage de Jacques Thobie vient nourrir la réflexion sur le rôle de l’éducation dans les processus d’expansion politique et le jeu des puissances. Jacques Thobie publie ici le complément à sa thèse désormais célèbre, Intérêts et impérialisme français dans l’Empire Ottoman 1895-1914. L’ouvrage n’est que la première partie d’un travail sur l’enseignemen...

Shaping Ottoman Rule in Yemen, 1872-1919

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Patrice Chevalier

2006-10-01

Full Text Available En s’intéressant de près au fonctionnement du gouvernement ottoman lors de la seconde occupation du Yémen, entre 1872 et 1919, la thèse de Thomas Kühn vise non seulement à combler des lacunes concernant notre connaissance de cette période historique charnière, mais également à apporter un éclairage essentiel à la compréhension de l’histoire contemporaine yéménite, à travers une analyse approfondie de la nature spécifique du colonialisme ottoman et de ses impacts. Par cette étude, l’auteur amb...

Osmanlı’da Bir Darbe ve Tahlili: Genç Osman Örneği A Coup in Ottoman Empire And Its Analysis: Genç Osman Example

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Hasan YAŞAROĞLU

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The New Order (Nizam-ı Cedit movements started in period of Selim The third (III. Selim of Otttoman sultans, is an important step taken toward westernization. Some sultans in last period of Ottoman Empire have also strived to take similar steps. There are records of initiation for reform movements even during period of Mustafa The Third (III. Mustafa, father of Selim The Third (III. Selim. When we went back to more in time, The Lale Devri (The Tulip Period emerges. The Tulip Period (Lale Devri despite the term being at the forefront of pleasure and deligth, some steps have been taken at this time in the direction of the westernization/renewal. The period of Sultan Osman The Second (II Osman forms the first steps taken toward renewal. Unfortunately, an uprising movement has ended the mentioned period above. Both this first Ottoman innovation movement and the first Ottoman insurrection that terminated the innovation are of importance in terms of being sample for the next ones. After these events, most of the reform movements, which emerged in the Ottoman Empire, have shared the same fate as Genç Osman reform movement.Upon his uncle Mustafa The First (I. Mustafa being jailed, Genç Osman (Young Othman became the Ottoman Sultan, but Othman has soon attracted the wrath of Janissaries and the Ulema due to his tough attitude. This hatred increased in time when Sultan Othman personally assumed the supreme commander in chief of army and decided to go to Mecca for pilgimage and eventually turned into a rebellion. The coup that was started under the leadership of Janissary and Sipahi units, and the rebels, strengthened the next day with the participation of scholars, relied on the Palace’s door to inform their demands. Genç Osman (Young Othman initially rejected the demands of the rebels, but he but was unable to sustain his attitude over the time. The rebels, at the end, entered the Palace, and have taken the Sultan’s uncle Mustafa The first (I

The early steps of chloroform anaesthesia in Turkey during the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century.

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Ulman, Yesim Isil

2005-04-01

The aim of this study was to research the pioneering steps for the employment of chloroform in Turkey in comparison with the developments in the West i.e. in the United States and in Europe. The development of anaesthesiology in the West started in the first half of the 19th century. As an anaesthetic substance, ether was first employed in a medical operation by R. Liston in December 1846. But taking into consideration of its bronchially irritant effect, British gynaecologist Dr. J.Y. Simpson preferred to utilize chloroform in obstetrical operations in 1847. The paper aims at shedding light on the earlier steps for modern anaesthesiology in Turkey in that sense. The survey used evaluation of archival documents, first hand-original sources such as the annual medical reports of the Medical School, books, official journals, and newspapers of the time, and also secondary sources concerned with the subject. In view of the findings of the survey, chloroform, as an anaesthetic material, began to be administered surgically in Turkey much earlier than it was already known. It was experienced and used in operations at the surgical clinic of the Imperial School of Medicine at the Capital city, Istanbul in 1848. The Crimean War (1853-1855) induced to the prevalent surgical use of chloroform in Istanbul on the soldiers back from the front. In other words, it was evidenced that surgeons started to make use of this anaesthetic substance in the Ottoman Empire, shortly after it was put into medical practice in Europe. This study deals with that phenomenal progress of chloroform anaesthesia in the medical history in Turkey during the second half of the 19th century.

A felkelés éghajlata: Sam White környezettörténeti elmélete az Oszmán Birodalom hanyatlásáról - The Climate of Rebellion: Sam White’s Environmental Theory about the Decline of the Ottoman Empire

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RÁCZ, Lajos

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The book of Sam White has offered a new interpretation of Ottoman history from the 16th to the 18th centuries. The American author has argued that historians have to consider the ecological conditions of the early modern Near East and the profound impacts and repercussions of the Little Ice Age in order to understand the empire’s successes, crises and transformations. White’s study presents the expansive ‘imperial ecology’ underlying the rapid expansion in the classical age which made the empire increasingly vulnerable to war and natural disasters as the population pressure set in in the late 1500s. Sam White examined the impact of Little Ice Age and climatic fluctuation from the late 16th through the early 18th centuries, demonstrating the strong links between extreme climatic events and the outbreak of the Celali Rebellion and the recurring disorders of the 1600s. Finally, the author argued that transformations in human ecology – particularly the spread of nomadic pastoralism, migration to urban areas, and a shift to new crops for commerce and exports – slowed the demographic recovery of Ottoman lands, leaving the empire relatively depopulated by the mid-19th century.

Turkey’s Middle Eastern Endeavors: Discourses and Practices of Neo-Ottomanism under the AKP

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Özel-Volfová, Gabriela

2016-01-01

Roč. 56, 3-4 (2016), s. 489-510 ISSN 0043-2539 Institutional support: RVO:68378009 Keywords : Ottomanism *  neo-Ottomanism * strategic depth * Arab Spring * Erdoğan Subject RIV: AD - Politology ; Political Sciences

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OTTOMAN AND SPAIN IN THE END OF XVIIIth CENTURY / XVIII. YÜZYILIN SONUNDA OSMANLI-İSPANYA İLİSKİLERİ: İLK İSPANYOL DAİMİ ELÇİSİ DON JUAN DE BOULIGNY ÖRNEĞİ

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Dr. Hüseyin Serdar TABAKOĞLU

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The Ottoman and Spanish empires struggled forthe control of the Mediterranean during the 16th centurybut they withdrew their forces from this conflict for otherpriorities at the end of the century. In the 17th and 18thcenturies their power decreased and classical institutionswere damaged. The Ottomans and Spanish tried torestore their former glory by reforming their institutions.The Ottomans and Spanish re-established their politicaland economic relations and signed a treaty of neutralityin 1782. Thus, the Ottomans had an important supportagainst the Russian presence in the Mediterranean.Spain, after re-establishing relations with the Ottomans,appointed their first permanent ambassador to Đstanbuland Don Juan de Bouligny started his mission in 1783.He worked to establish the embassy, find translators anddragomans, release the Spanish prisoners in theOttoman lands. After the French Revolution, a struggleoccured between the pro-French and anti-Frenchdiplomats in Đstanbul. Spain signed an alliance with theRevolutionary France in 1796, and the Spanish vesselsjoined the French armada to occupy Egypt. Boulignyordered the Spanish consulates in the Mediterranean toassist the French armada. That was why, the firstSpanish permanent representative in Đstanbul, Don Juande Bouligny was declared persona non grata and deportedin 1799. However, friendly relations with Spain waspreserved.

The examination of spices used in the Ottoman palace cuisine

OpenAIRE

Yıkmış, Seydi; Sağlam, Kübra; Yetim, Adem

2017-01-01

The human being has a vital prescription to eat and drink as much as the day-to-day process. This vital point constitutes the foundation stone of gastronomic tourism. In our globalized world, nations that express or offer their own values have become more successful. Therefore, the culture of Turkish food and nutrition refers as the key of national culture. Therefore, it is very important to examine the characteristics of the Ottoman cuisine to introduce food culture. Traditionally Ottoman cu...

Lost in scales: Balkan folk music research and the ottoman legacy

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Pennanen Risto Pekka

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Balkan folk music researchers have articulated various views on what they have considered Oriental or Turkish musical legacy. The discourses the article analyses are nationalism, Orientalism, Occidentalism and Balkanism. Scholars have handled the awkward Ottoman issue in several manners: They have represented 'Oriental' musical characteristics as domestic, claimed that Ottoman Turks merely imitated Arab and Persian culture, and viewed Indian classical raga scales as sources for Oriental scales in the Balkans. In addition, some scholars have viewed the 'Oriental' characteristics as stemming from ancient Greece. The treatment of the Segâh family of Ottoman makams in theories and analyses reveals several features of folk music research in the Balkans, the most important of which are the use of Western concepts and the exclusive dependence on printed sources. The strategies for handling the Orient within have meandered between Occidentalism and Orientalism, creating an ambiguity which is called Balkanism.

Osmanlı Bahriyesi’nde Yabancı Danışmanlar (1808-1918 Foreign Advisors in the Ottoman Navy (1808-1918

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Yaşar BEDİRHAN

2013-07-01

Full Text Available The Ottoman State proved unable to adapt to the changing conditions or to grasp the emerging technological assets of Europe, partly because they had failed to overcome the political and economic problems in the XVIII. century. In July 1770, the Ottoman Navy of 26 ships was completely defeated and destroyed by a surprise attack by the Russian Navy in Çeşme in İzmir. Heeding the warning of that defeat, Sultan Mustafa III (1757-1774 decided to educate and train naval officers in contemporary techniques. Baron de Tott, a French engineer, was employed to supervise the rehabilitation efforts of the Ottoman Navy. Starting from Selim III (1789-1807 and following with Sultan Mahmud II (1808-1839, especially English technical personel were placed in Ottoman Navy. Even while the reconstruction efforts of the Ottoman Army were underway in the XIX. century, the Ottoman Navy continued to face some great disasters. The Crimean War demonstrated that the survival of the Ottoman Empire could not be preserved without a credible Navy. Sultan Abdülaziz (1861-1876 did his utmost to improve and modernize the Ottoman Navy. During the reign of Abdülhamid II, the Ottoman Navy, which was regarded as one of the most powerful navies in the world at least in terms of quantity, was deactivated and kept at the Golden Horn for 33 years.In parallel with the efforts of creating the financial resources to support the Navy, a committee under the presidency of an English sailor, Admiral Gamble, was tasked with investigating the world’s maritime innovations. This laid the foundations for the Ottoman Navy on contemporary and fundamental principles and developed a new doctrine for the education and training of its personnel. Just after the beginning of the First World War, in concert with the political inclination of the Empire, a committee from Germany was assigned to reorganize the Ottoman Navy. XVIII.yüzyılda Osmanlı Devleti kendi içerisindeki siyasi veekonomik sorunlar

Ottoman appreciation of Trojan heritage 1870-1875

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Uslu, G.

2009-01-01

The excavations of Heinrich Schliemann (1822-1890) at Hisarlýk in the second half of the 19th century are definitely among the most imposing archaeological activities that took place in the Ottoman territories.Hence, there has been a great deal of valuable historical research into Schliemann's

The Fifth Enemy of the Ottoman Empire During World War I: Grasshoppers

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Mehmet Ali YILDIRIM

2014-12-01

Full Text Available In Ottoman States there had always been grasshopper infestation now and then; and this caused some socio-economic problems and famine as a result. However, in the last years of the state, especially during World War I, the grasshoppers vastly influenced West and South Anatolia along with Aleppo and Syria regions; and the residents in these locations were negatively influenced. Acting to prevent a more destructive disaster, the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce ensured that the law and regulations related to grasshopper problem - enacted in 1912 - were strictly implemented with the aim of a centralized control. Later, in 1916, an organization under the leadership of German experts arose. This way, despite the problems of war conditions, a more efficient, informed and institutional struggle started. Despite insufficient technological infrastructure and transportation and the lack of financial resources, a considerable amount of time and money were spent on the combat efforts against grasshoppers. During the war, the authorities pushed on fighting with limited sources available at hand. They strived for effective implementation of modern mass destroying methods together with traditional methods; raising awareness of the people for a full scale campaign; and ensuring their participation to the fight with every means at hand. The local civilian and military staffs were exploited to the maximum extent for the purpose. Finally, the efforts were not wasted and this campaign became successful. As a result of the efforts, important results were accomplished

Traditional music of Prizren Gora in the shadow of the Ottoman empire

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Ranković Sanja

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Located at the southernmost part of Kosovo and Metohija, on the slopes of the Sharr Mountains, Gora represents a place once inhabited by the Serbian Orthodox population, who converted to Islam under the Turkish occupation of the Balkans. The faith conversion began in the 16th and ended in the 19th century, at which point there had still been some remains of Orthodox churches left on the territory of Gora. The acceptance of the new religion and other values passed on by the Ottoman Empire brought about changes in terms of identity, so, nowadays, inhabitants identify themselves as the Goranci/Gorani people. To this very day, their cultural matrix reflects a combination of musical creations which probably preceded the change of religion as well as those variations established by the Turkish domination. These phenomena can be tracked on the level of both their context and the musical text. The Gorani celebrate Christian holidays (Christmas and St George’s Day, and keep those holidays that are part of Islamic practice (Sunnah and Bayram. As an example of an older, traditional manner of musical expression, the two-part “aloud” (na glas singing has a dominant second interval in a narrow tonal ambitus and a free metro-rhythmical organization. This form of singing is usually shaped into octosyllable and it is characterized by text improvisation which happens simultaneously with a certain action. Its interpretation is associated with St George’s Day, wedding, Sunnah, and other holidays. Songs that accompany the dance are sung in a heterophonic manner or in unison, accompanied by the tambourine (emic term: daire or def. Unlike the two-part “aloud” singing, performing the songs in unison with the tambourine and dance has wider tonal systems with a periodical case of an excessive second. However, the very emergence of numerous instruments such as the tambourine, kaval, tambura and zurla, shows a considerable Turkish-Eastern influence. This

Spanish Mystic Women of the Golden Century within the Ottoman Empire: Seven Arabic Manuscripts Found in Aleppo (Syria

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Francisco Fernando del Río Sánchez

2015-05-01

Full Text Available This work reports on the existence of seven manuscripts conserved in three different collections of Aleppo (Syria: the Greek-Catholic/Melkite, the Georges and Mathilde Salem Foundation and the Maronite libraries. These seven co­pies contain the Arabic translations of some mystical works written by two mystic women of the Spanish Golden Century, Teresa de Ávila and María de Ágreda. The history of these Arabic versions, translated right in the heart of the Ottoman Arabic provinces, constitutes an interesting object of study that is directly linked with the manner in which many  European Western works passed to the Mediterranean Levant during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Freud and history before 1905: from defending to questioning the theory of a glorious past.

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Cotti, Patricia

2008-01-01

By sticking closely to Freud's use of the German term Geschichte (history, story) between 1894 and 1905, I will reveal two conceptions of history. The first one, the theory of the glorious past and its archaeological metaphor, which accompanied and sustained the seduction theory of cultural history. I will define how this change was determined by an evolution in Freud's conceptions of childhood prehistory and original history. I will also question how the history problem interfered with Freud's auto-analysis.

The Topography of the Athenian Plain under Ottoman Rule (1456-1821

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Georgios Pallis

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Τhe settlements that developed in the Athenian plain under Ottoman rule are the subject of the following paper. According to the written sources and the surviving monuments, 25 villages and 14 monasteries were spread throughout the area. After a remarkable period of prosperity in the sixteenth century, most of them fell into a continuous state of decline, until the end of the Ottoman era. The history and the organisation of these settlements, the road network that connected them and domestic and church architecture are put under investigation, in order to reconstruct as much as possible the map and the picture of the area during this long period.

Reading Abdallāh b. Abdallāh al-Tarjumān’s Tuḥfa (1420 in the Ottoman Empire: Muslim-Christian Polemics and Intertextuality in the Age of “Confessionalization”

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Krstić, Tijana

2015-12-01

Full Text Available In 1604, a charismatic Sufi sheikh from Tunis commissioned the translation into Ottoman Turkish of Abdallāh b. Abdallāh al-Tarjumān’s polemical text entitled Tuḥfat al-Adīb fī alradd ʿalā ahl al-ṣalīb (1420, with the intention of presenting it to Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I. Soon after, this text became one of the most widely known and disseminated anti-Christian polemical texts in the Islamic world, and by the late ninteenth century, in Europe as well. The article examines the circumstances of Tuḥfa’s translation from Arabic into Ottoman Turkish, the actors involved, the narrative’s trajectory from Tunis to Istanbul, its reception by the Ottoman reading public, as well as impact on the development of an Ottoman polemical genre of self-narrative of conversion to Islam. Transcription and translation of such an Ottoman narrative, which appears to have been directly influenced by Tuḥfa, is featured in the article’s appendix. By focusing on the trajectory of a single text belonging to the genre of religious polemics, the article bridges the traditionally disconnected academic discussions pertaining to the early modern Iberian, North African and Ottoman history and demonstrates their inherent connectivity in the age of confessional polarization (16th-17th centuries.En 1604, un carismático sufí de Túnez encargó la traducción al turco otomano del texto de polémica titulado Tuḥfat al-Adīb fī al-radd ʿalā ahl al-ṣalīb (1420 de Abdallāh b. Abdallāh al-Tarjumān, con la intención de presentárselo al Sultán otomano Ahmed I. Poco después, este texto se convirtió en uno de los textos de polémica anti-Cristiana mejor conocidos y leídos en el mundo islámico y en Europa, a finales del siglo XIX. Este artículo estudia las circunstancias en que se realizó la traducción de la Tuḥfa del árabe al turco otomano, los actores involucrados en esa traducción, la narrativa de su trayectoria desde Túnez hasta Estambul, su

Late Ottoman modernist/rationalist discourses on Islam: superstition, Sufism and Şemseddin Günaltay

OpenAIRE

Karpuzcu, Hakan Feyzullah

2008-01-01

This study attempts to sketch a general picture of the late Ottoman conceptualizations of Islam through the preliminary observation of the ideas of M. Şemseddin (Günaltay), an important intellectual and political figure of the Ottoman Second Constitutional Period (1908-1918). More specifically this thesis deals with why and how Şemseddin Günaltay devised an exclusionary rhetoric on Sufi orders and superstitions. In Şemseddin Günaltay's understanding of Islam, superstitions, folk beliefs and S...

Representations of Late-Ottoman Thessaloniki in Contemporary Greek Literature

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Willert, Trine Stauning

and religious homogeneity. The historiographic interest, along with an opening towards Turkish cultural products, in particular soap operas, has been followed up by a wave of popular Greek historical novels situated in the Ottoman period (i.e. Kalpouzos, Zourgos, Themelis, Kakouri and others). The current...

Osmanlı Seferlerinde Organizasyon Ve Lojistik The Organization And Logistics Of The Ottoman Flights

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Uğur KURTARAN

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Understanding how the army, one of Ottoman Empire’s main dynamics and whose number reached over hundreds of thousands on occasions, was organized and how its needs were taken care of is not only important in better understanding the founding and the rising of the state but also important in better understanding the reasons for its downfall. Because just like other states founded throughout history, the political history and development of the Ottoman State has beenshaped in connection to its military operations. The success of themilitary operations is dependent on logistics activities, the preparationsand organizations before the military campaign. Indeed, when theOttoman State decided to go in to war, it has made importantpreparations in elevating the administrative and logistical organizationin the country to a more effective level. These preparations beforemilitary campaigns and strategies implemented called today as logisticshave led to the success of the military campaigns carried out in theOttoman State. At this point, the preparations implemented before thecampaigns play a big role in the growth of the state and expansion ofthe boundaries of the empire. So the key element that won or lost thewars for the Ottoman State throughout history was the far better prewarpreparations and organizations they applied much moresuccessfully than their contemporaries. Knowing how and in what waysthese preparations were implemented in the Ottoman State will broadenour perspective and help us better understand the underlying causes inOttoman victories. This study has been prepared in accordance withthese goals and objectives. In this study, it is intended to put forth howthe Ottomans did their preparations before and during the war and togive a different perspective to the current knowledge and experience inthe light of new resources. Osmanlı Devleti’nin temel dinamiklerinden birisi olan ve sayıları bazı dönemlerde yüz binleri geçen ordusunun

Gayrimüslimlerin Osmanlı Devleti’ne Bağlılık Nedenleri Reasons Behind Non-Muslims’ Allegiance To The Ottoman State

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Ramazan GÜNAY

2012-12-01

Full Text Available From the year of establishment on, the Ottoman Empire carried out a policy of enlargement towards the west where non-Muslim inhabited. As it set out with the idea of “Gaza” (holy war, the Ottoman Empire first annexed the west of Anatolia and later the central regions of Europe and the Balkans. The Ottoman State did not interfere with the established rules, traditions and beliefs of people who were old residents in the new conquered lands. It gave large freedoms to people in conquered lands and preferred to make a harmony with them and classified the citizens under its rule according to their religion/sect. It is not sensible to claim that just military power led non-Muslims, who lived under the Ottoman rule for about five/six centuries, to live under the rule of another state for so long. Within the frame of the rights of Dhimmies and national system, religious, juridical, economic and social rights granted to non-Muslims help us understand the reason why non-Muslims were loyal to the Ottoman State for so long.In this article, the causes of faith of non-Muslims to the Ottoman State have been assessed and this assessment has been made based on the sources of that period. These documents from Ottoman Archives, which have not been used yet, belong to Ottoman period from 16th to 19th century. These documents have been selected from Şer’iye Sicilleri (the Qadi’s archives/Shari’a local court records and Ahkâm-Şikâyet Defterleri (Register of Verdicts-Complaint called records of Divan-ı Hümayun (Council of State. Osmanlı Devleti, kuruluş yıllarından itibaren gayrimüslimlerin meskun olduğu Batı’ya doğru genişleme siyaseti izlemiştir. Gaza düşüncesiyle hareket ettiğinden dolayı da öncelikle Anadolu’nun batısı, daha sonra Balkanlar ve Avrupa’nın içlerine kadar olan bölgeyi hakimiyeti altına almıştır. Osmanlı Devleti, yeni ele geçirdiği yerlerde bulunan o yörenin eski sakinlerinin yerleşik birçok kural

Measures Taken by the Ottoman State against Shah İsmail's Attempts to Convert Anatolia to Shia

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Yusuf Küçükdağ

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Shah Ismail, when he was sheikh of Safevi sect established by Sheikh Safiyuddin, Ismail’s grandfather, established Safevi State in Azerbaijan taking Tebriz as the center at the beginning of XVI th.century. The followers of Safevi Sect were Turcomen originated from Anatolia. They helped Shah Ismail to establish state. Shah Ismail depending on Turcomen followers attempted to annex Anotolia which was under Otoman domination in his new state’s territory. He sent his caliphs to Anatolia to propagandize his sect. They tried to convince Anatolion people about Safevi sect. Ottoman state which understand that the main purpose of Shah Ismail was not the speading of Safevi sect took military, political, economical and cultural measures. In the war between two states, Shah Ismail was defeated by Ottoman army in Caldıran (1514 The relationship of Safevi’s followers with Iran was prevented. In order to prevent economical growth of Safevi State, economical embargo was put. By helping the organization of Halvetiyye which has Safevi sect orijin but accept’ s ottoman state outhority the spread of Safevism was prevented. Turcomen in Anatolia become hopeless when Sheikh Ismail was defeated by I. Selim. Ottoman State does not extinct Safevism

Investigating early modern Ottoman consumer culture in the light of Bursa probate inventories.

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Karababa, Eminegül

2012-01-01

This study investigates the development of early modern Ottoman consumer culture. In particular, the democratization of consumption, which is a significant indicator of the development of western consumer cultures, is examined in relation to Ottoman society. Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century probate inventories of the town of Bursa combined with literary and official sources are used in order to identify democratization of consumption and the macro conditions shaping this development. Findings demonstrate that commercialization, international trade, urbanization which created a fluid social structure, and the ability of the state to negotiate with guilds were possible contextual specificities which encouraged the democratization of consumption in the Bursa context.

Histories of Cyprus : the disputed years of Ottoman Rule 1571-1878

OpenAIRE

Smilden, Jan-Erik

2007-01-01

Summary Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots have their respective versions of the history of Cyprus during the Ottoman rule from 1571 to 1878. This thesis examines how this period is presented and constructed by present Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot historians.

A biological survey on the Ottoman Archive papers and determination of the D10 value

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Kantoğlu, Ömer; Ergun, Ece; Ozmen, Dilan; Halkman, Hilal B. D.

2018-03-01

The Ottoman Archives have one of the richest archive collections in the world. However, not all the archived documents are well preserved and some undergo biodeterioration. Therefore, a rapid and promising treatment method is necessary to preserve the collection for following generations as heritage. Radiation presents as an alternative for the treatment of archival materials for this purpose. In this study, we conducted a survey to determine the contamination species and the D10 values of the samples obtained from the shelves of the Ottoman Archives. The samples also included several insect pests collected at using a pheromone trap placed in the archive storage room. With the exception of few localized problems, no active pest presence was observed. The D10 values of mold contamination and reference mold (A. niger) were found to be 1.0 and 0.68 kGy, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that an absorbed dose of 6 kGy is required to remove the contamination from the materials stored in the Ottoman Archives.

RE-EXPLORING LATE OTTOMAN BUILDINGS IN TODAY’S ISTANBUL

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Irem Maro Kırış

2013-07-01

Full Text Available The late-Ottoman early-Republican period had delineated a unique, heterogeneous  stage in the course of Istanbul’s transformation into a modern city. Istanbul at the turn of the 19th century, exhibited a setting under influence of political, ideological, historical, cultural and social factors. The active, long settlement history, imperial heritage, urban texture, cosmopolitan social structure, metropolitan growth, westernization, nationalism, demands of contemporary city life, the modern integrating with the existent local were among them. In this study, architecture of the late-Ottoman Istanbul will be explored through selected buildings that reflected the architectural/urban development of their time, held significance in terms of function, form/style, technology and urban features, represented leading architects’ work, specific trends, and marked strategic locations. Consecutive part of the study will cover a re-exploration of these buildings in their current condition, after a century has passed since they were constructed. Such a  comparison, besides providing a record of urban transformation in Istanbul, discloses different faces of the encounter with globalization, and points to contemporary local and global architectural problems of the metropolis in general.

The Ottoman Siege and Assault of Constantinople in 1422 AD: Its Military and Political Aspect

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Tatiana V. Kushch

2017-11-01

Full Text Available This paper addresses the military and political aspect of the Turkish siege of Constantinople in 1422 AD, when the Ottomans gained valuable experience to use it later, in the final battle of 1453. The research is based on the analysis of fifteenth-century Byzantine historical and rhetorical works. The author of this paper has reconstructed the course of the siege and the main stages of preparation to the decisive assault, has analysed the enemy’s military plans, the alignment of forces and tactical ploys of siege warfare, the specificities of Ottoman weaponry, and the sides’ actions during the assault. Attention has been paid to the Byzantines’ behaviour in the period of military conflict and the emperors’ political actions for the conflict resolution. The history of the siege and assault of the Byzantine capital in 1422 has been placed into the political context of the period in question, and has been uncovered as a stage in the development of the Byzantine-Ottoman relations in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth century. The paper concludes that the Ottomans’ rout resulted from a series of circumstances: the perfection of the fortification system of Constantinople, total mobilization of the metropolitan population, the lack of maritime blockade, and the rebel in the rear of the Ottomans starting not without a help from the Byzantines, all of this allowed the city to withstand. The siege was relieved; however, the situation in foreign policy was still difficult for Byzantium, thus making the emperor to search for peace with the sultan.

Miratü'lEbdan Fi Teşrih-i Azaül-İnsan: first printed illustrated anatomy book in Ottoman-Turkish medicine.

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Ortug, Gursel; Ortug, Alpen; Kurt, Namik Kemal

2018-04-13

Medical education in Ottoman-Turkish medicine was shaped by the influence of Claudius Galenus (c.130-c.210) and Ibn-i Sina (c.980-c.1037). These teachings were performed in madrasahs until the beginning of the 19th century period. Within the scope of master-apprentice relationship, medical training was also given in private clinics. As a result of religious and social pressures on scientific studies human cadavers were never used because they were considered sacred. For centuries, all books were handwritten during the Ottoman Empire until the first printing press was established in Istanbul during 1726. However, the first illustrated book on anatomy was not printed until another 100 years later. A comparative study was conducted on the anatomical drawings in"Miratü'l Ebdan Fi Teşrih-i Azau'l İnsan" (Ataullah ŞM, 17th),and significance of this book. 46 out of 56 figures were received from the book of physian and anatomist Jean Palfin (1650-1730). Remaining 9 figures were cited from author himself as collected from Bernard Siegfried Albinus (1697-1170), Raymond Vieussens (1614- 1715), R. Drake (1667-1707), Clopton Havers (1657-1702), Albrecht von Haller (1708- 1777), Joseph Guichard Duverney (1648-1730). The figures were drawn exactly the same way with minimal changes. Main text of the book is mostly translation from Italian edition of Bertin and Palfin's Works.The book is not only the first printed anatomical book but also the first printed work in Ottoman-Turkish medicine. Another very significant aspect is the illustrations are perspective drawing figures which differs from miniature style drawings of the past. Şânîzade Ataullah's work is a significant value not only for being the first printed illustrated anatomy book which makes it more approachable but also gives anatomical drawings as illustrations not as miniature style painting.

Anastasiadou M., Salonique, 1830-1912. Une ville ottomane à l'âge des Réformes, Leiden, New York, Koln, Brill, 1997.

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Jean-Luc Arnaud

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Directement tiré d'une thèse soutenue à l'école des Hautes études en sciences sociales, sous la direction de G. Veinstein, ce livre traite des mutations de la ville de Thessalonique au cours de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, soit durant la période des réformes (tanzimat de l'Empire ottoman. Il constitue un document de référence à la fois sur la question de la mise en oeuvre des tanzimat en milieu urbain (le premier règlement explicitement urbain date de 1848 et aussi, de manière plus gén...

STATUS OF THE ARMENIANS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND THE ARMENIAN ATROCITIES IN KAGIZMAN (1918-1920 ERMENİLERİN OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDEKİ DURUMU VE KAĞIZMAN’DA ERMENİ MEZALİMİ (1918-1920

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Yılmaz KARADENİZ

2010-07-01

Full Text Available One of the non-Müslim publics which lived within the territories of Ottoman State was Armenian Public. Contrary to the other non muslims, Armenians have established close relations with muslim subjects. They had lived in peace together with muslims under the sovereignty of Ottoman State for centuries. In early times, Armenians were not influenced so much by the nationalism which was a consequence of French Revolution, but later, they began to attempts of independence from Ottoman State. Especially in the places where they claim that they are majority, they chose violence as a method to enforce Muslims to leave the region.In this article, generally, the social lives, the professions, the population of Armenians in Ottman State, and the duties that they had in Ottoman State Administration have been studied. And, specifically, the persecution of Armenians on muslims using secret society to be independent from Ottoman State, has been studied. In this case, Kagızman town of Kars has been specifically studied. Osmanlı Devleti sınırları dâhilinde Müslüman ahali ile birlikte yan yana huzur içerisinde yaşayan Ermeniler, Osmanlı topraklarını paylaşmak için rekabet içerisine giren Rusya, İngiltere ve Fransa’nın kışkırtmaları sonucu en tehlikeli hale gelmişlerdir. Uluslararası platformlarda sözde devlet sözü verilerek kullanılmışlardır. Arkalarındaki destek ile yüzyıllarca beraber yaşadıkları Müslüman halkı katletmede insanlık sınırlarını tanımamışlardır. Nüfus olarak çoğunlukta olduklarını iddia ettikleri yerlerde, Müslüman ahalinin bölgeyi terk etmesini sağlamak amacı ile şiddeti bir yöntem olarak benimsemişlerdir.Bu çalışmamızda Ermenilerin Osmanlı Devleti’ndeki sosyal, idari ve ekonomik durumları, devlet kademelerinde aldıkları görevler, uğraştıkları meslekler ve nüfuslarından söz edilecekten sonra Osmanlı Devleti’nden kopmak için kurdukları komitalarla M�

Ottoman forestry: socio-economic aspect and its influence today Otomano florestal: aspecto socioeconômico e sua influência hoje

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Sezgin Özden

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Forestry is an important subject because it supplies wood and timber for direct human consumption, in addition to its positive effects on global warming and on bio-diversity, with a history dating back to antiquity. As a labor-intensive sector in developing countries, it maintains interactions with natural resources management, public relations and socio-economic structure. It can affect the prosperity of countries either positively or negatively. Hence, an analysis of the history of forestry bears importance because it not only sheds light on its past and present condition, but also explains the improvements for the protection of forests. Accordingly, in the first section of this study, general information on the Ottoman Land System and Ottoman Forestry Organization will be given. In the second section, we will treat 19th century westernization movements, as well as socio-cultural and economic changes. The third section will include significant regulations on forestry, forest management, and administration in the Ottoman Empire; as well as the influence of Ottoman forestry on the actual socio-economic structure. In the final section, under the title discussion and conclusion, Ottoman forestry will be examined regarding its consequences in terms of policy, economy and law.A silvicultura é um assunto importante, pois o suprimento de madeira em geral e madeira para consumo humano direto, além de seus efeitos positivos sobre o aquecimento global e sobre a diversidade biológica, trata de uma história que remonta à antiguidade. Como um setor de trabalho intensivo nos países em desenvolvimento, mantém interações com a gestão dos recursos naturais, relações públicas e estrutura socioeconômica. Ela pode afetar a prosperidade dos países, seja positiva ou negativamente. Assim, uma análise da história da silvicultura tem importância, porque não só lança luz sobre a sua condição passada e presente, mas também explica as melhorias

Un représentant d'États européens dans l'arriète-pays ottoman. Le cas de Sponty à Serrès (fin XVIIIe-début XIXe siècle

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Georges Koutzakiotis

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La domination des commerçants chrétiens orthodoxes, dans l'arrière-pays balkanique de l'Empire ottoman, et celle des Européens, dans les Échelles du Levant, pendant le XVIIIe siècle, sont aujourd'hui bien connues. Cependant, les Européens essayèrent, déjà depuis le même siècle, d'étendre leur rayon d'action à l'intérieur de l'Empire, en établissant des sujets non-ottomans comme agents commerciaux et consulaires et en écartant ainsi les intermédiaires autochtones. Un de ces premiers essais, plus exactement de la part de l'Autriche et de la France, eut lieu à Serrès, centre économique important des Balkans grâce au commerce du coton. Michel Sponty, protégé (beratlı de la France d'origine vénitienne, fut le seul de ces agents commerciaux et consulaires qui réussit finalement à s'enraciner dans la société de Serrès, en renonçant pourtant à son identité franco-levantine et en adoptant celle des commerçants dominants, c'est-à-dire l'identité du chrétien orthodoxe.

Servantie A. et Puig R. de la Bellacasa, L’Empire ottoman dans l’Europe de la Renaissance. Idées et imaginaires d’intellectuels, de diplomates et de l’opinion publique dans les Anciens Pays-Bas et le Monde Hispanique aux xve, xvie et début du xviie siècles, Leuven University Press, 2005.

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María Ghazali

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Cet ouvrage présente les actes de conférences et de tables rondes organisées en novembre et décembre 2003 par l’Institut Cervantès de Bruxelles, en collaboration avec l’Ambassade de Turquie en Belgique et plusieurs institutions, fondations et musées, qui ont permis de faire dialoguer des spécialistes anglais, belges, espagnols, français et turcs, de l’histoire de l’Europe et de l’Empire ottoman. Une riche iconographie (25 illustrations en couleurs et en noir et blanc et une ample bibliograph...

The Effects of German Military Commission and Balkan Wars on the Reorganization and Modernization of the Ottoman Army

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-01

this document did not lead to remarkable changes, just a few improvements and modifications. The structure of the armies remained intact. In the...49 The 1897 Ottoman-Greek war was a good showcase for how the Ottoman Army had evolved within just a decade. Goltz’s pupils at the War Academy...his wife. In short, a “ breadwinner ” had the right to an exemption. Second, those who could get out of a conscript for six years would be exempt

Valentine Chirol'e Gecikmiş Bir Cevap: İngiltere'nin Propaganda Savaşları, Çanakkale, Fitzmaurice ve Diğerleri

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Altay Cengizer

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Gerald Fitzmaurice, Chief Dragoman of the British Embassy in Turkey and British ambassador (1908–1914 Geard Lowther were two important actors of Ottoman-British relations. However, they were not very interested in conveying the political and social developments in Ottoman Empire to London, a situation that led to ignorance and prejudice on the affairs of the Ottoman Empire. The other stuff of the British embassy in İstanbul who had anti-Ottoman feelings also share the blame.

Image of the Ottomans in Bosnian Textbooks Published After 2007

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Jahja Muhasilović

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Division of historical consciousness in Bosnia and Herzegovina started before the Yugoslav Wars, but this division of historiographies and approaches towards the past resulted with more openly manifestation of the divisions to educational system and history textbooks during the wartime and post Dayton era. Even though International Community tried to change poisonous environment of ethnic hatred in which textbooks are produced, except few successes with Bosniak textbooks, not much positive development was achieved. Reform period which started in 1998 today is seen as an unfinished project. In Bosnia and Herzegovina three different versions of history with two of them having the focus point in neighboring Serbia and Croatia are taught to the students. Besides the fact that students are learning three different histories, there is a certain level of hatred and fear of others spreading through history textbooks. History textbooks became an important tool for poisoning the minds of the youth and building the barriers towards the others. This is the case especially with Serb and Croat textbooks in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ottoman period in Balkans is mainly seen as a ‘’dark age of the Balkans’’ as it is underlined in one Serbian textbook and to lesser extend in Croat ones. Even though Bosniaks see Ottoman period in more positive light than other two ethnic groups, there are certain topics and periods were it is possible to see romantistic and nationalistic tone towards the Ottomans. History textbooks in Bosnia are having negative contribution for country’s possible future dissolution and it is the one of the main source of stereotype engineering that country is passing in the last decades and which is one of the main reason of the recent wars. In the times where country is confronting with secessionist threat, it is highly important to start building Bosnian statehood and understanding of others through history textbooks, otherwise we can

PRIVATE PROPERTY IN PERIOD OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND ITS STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OSMANLI İMPARATORLUĞU DÖNEMİNDE ÖZEL MÜLKİYET VE YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİ

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Murat ÇİFTÇİ

2011-09-01

Full Text Available There is a general belief that there was not an unconditional private property in the Ottoman period because of existence of tımar system. However, some authors who maintain opposite of this general belief argue that private property was realized with vaqfs. Private property during the Ottoman period commonly was in cities and was protected by the state. Actually, this circumstance was a result of a selection. Ottomans did not prefer bureaucratic structure in every fields like ancient Egyptians and Persians. They preferred a structure in parallel with ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. They probably accepted sovereignty of bureaucracy as an opposite power element against the government. Consequently, feudal Middle Age Europe lived this trouble in Ottoman building and in developing process. The Ottomans used merchants in carrying agricultural surplus products as raw material or as manufactured commodity to essential bureaucratic cities like Istanbul in a world where agricultural production was a basis and cities fed with agricultural surplus production. Primitive industrialists also became artisans and tradesmen. Condition of market economy was compulsorily constituted to provide such a surplus product flow and, in this framework, private property was instituted. Vaqfs which surpassed unconditional private property and bruised competitive conditions in the market economy was a structure over the private property. OSMAOsmanlı döneminde tımar sisteminin mevcudiyeti sebebiyle koşulsuz özel mülkiyetin olmadığı yönünde genel inanç mevcuttur. Aksini savunan birkaç yazarsa, özel mülkiyetin vakıflarla gerçekleştirildiğini savunmaktadır. Osmanlı dönemi boyunca özel mülkiyet; ağırlıklı olarak şehirlerde mevcut olmuş, devletçe de koruma altına alınmıştır. Bu durum, aslında bir seçişin sonucudur. Osmanlılar Eski Mısır ya da Persler gibi her alanda güçlü bürokratik yapılanmayı tercih etmemişler, eski Yunan

Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyete Geçişte Yahudilerin Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’ne Uyum Süreci: (Moiz Kohen Örneği From The Ottoman Empire To The Turkish Republic, Adaptation Of The Jews To The State (Moiz Kohen Example

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Şarika GEDİKLİ BERBER

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The contact between the Jewish community and the Turkish people in Anatolia has started when the Ottomans conquered Bursa. By this way, the Jews in Anatolia were included in the Ottoman State by the 13th century. Moreover, beginning from the 14th century, Jews had started to migrate to the Ottoman State from Europe; aiming to escape from the violence in their homeland, these migrations had continued throughout the 15th century. In these periods, the Jews had generally no difficulty in adapting to the OttomanState. The Jews, who confronted with new legal system and who found new community definition in the nation system of the Ottomans, had comfortably lived for centuries preserving their religion, language, traditions and customs. In the last centuries, the OttomanState had to deal with the negative effects of the nationalism that affected the whole world. A stream of nationalism, from the Balkans in particular affected the whole empire. In this centuries, many minorities that completed a process of nationalism started to revolt against the Ottoman State step by step. Unlike non-muslims like Rum and Armenian communities, they did not revolt against the State, even in the last century. Additionally, many Jews did not rise against the newly established state during the National Struggle. In this process of the establishment of the new Turkish state, how the Jews would adapt and live within the new state was questioned by Jewish intellectuals. It was Moiz Kohen who proposed one of the best formulations for this question, may be the best. Kohen could rationally formulate how a Jew could exist and take place in the Turkish state. Yahudilerin Anadolu’daki Türklerle ilk temasları Osmanlının Bursa’yı almalarıyla başlamıştır. Böylece Anadolu’daki Yahudiler, 13. yüzyıldan itibaren Osmanlı Devleti’ne dahil olmuşlardır. Bununla birlikte, Osmanlı Devleti’ne 14. yüzyıl itibariyle Avrupa’dan Yahudi göçleri ba

BANGLES, BEADS AND BEDOUIN: EXCAVATING A LATE OTTOMAN CEMETERY IN JORDAN (ABSTRACT

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Bethany J. Walker

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Transjordan witnessed significant social and economic changes in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. With the loss of agriculturally-rich territory in Europe, the Ottomans sought to make up for their economic losses by regaining control of their Arab provinces, some regions of which had been autonomous for nearly three hundred years. The application of Tanzimat legislation to the Transjordan was a success, to a large degree, in that it secured tax revenues and contributed to the general security of the region.The application of the 1858 Land Law, in which land was registered in a proprietor’s name for tax purposes, was particularly effective in transforming grazing land to productive agricultural properties. It, moreover, had a significant impact on Transjordanian society which was tribal and largely nomadic. The introduction of direct rule in the region by the Ottoman government transformed traditional tribal life, resulting in the settlement of formerly nomadic groups, the transition to an agrarian way of life, and the opening up of markets formerly inaccessible to indigenous tribal groups. A variety of urban, manufactured goods became readily available to all sectors of society throughout this frontier zone.“Bangles, Beads and Bedouin: Excavating a Late Ottoman Cemetery inJordan” considers the transformation of tribal funerary practices in the Belqa’ of central Jordan. The paper highlights the burial ground of one Transjordanian tribe, identified as the Adwan, excavated at Tall Hisban in 1998. Dated to the late nineteenth century on the basis of coins, this mass grave was one of the last of its kind, as permanent cemeteries replaced seasonal burial grounds by the early twentieth century. The composition of theburial goods indicates that members of the tribe participated in an exchange network that embraced the Red Sea, Greater Syria, and Europe.

Classification of Displacees among Croats during The Ottoman Peril (from 1463 till 1593

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Ivan Jurković

2003-09-01

Full Text Available After a brief survey of war circumstances in Croatian medieval lands following Bosnia’s surrender to Ottoman rule in 1463, basic sociological typology of displaced persons and findings revealed by historical scholarship regarding the Croatian Diaspora resulting from the Ottoman war threat, the author highlights the fact that the basic classification of the migrant population into different types of displacees was made according to the levels of war peril to which they had been exposed in their domicile areas. He states that the endangered, not excluding the already occupied area, may be divided into three levels of war peril, which in different ways influenced the behaviour of the threatened population and their decision to abandon domicile territory during the extended period of Ottoman pressure on medieval Croatian lands. The exact moment of departure often depended on the interest and will of each individual to defend spiritual values, social positions, and inherited wealth. The author emphasises that it was this ever-present threat upon the indigenous population which contributed to the creation of a very refined glossary of different terms for displacees in the Croatian language. By the end of the 16th century, this glossary differentiates between four basic groups of displaced persons: fugitives, refugees, exiles, and renegades. Moreover, the author points to the fact that the thesaurus of terms for displacees in the languages of those nations giving shelter to the displacees, was developed exactly from such origin and was, as a rule, very simple in comparison to the mere descriptive vocabulary used by the displacees themselves. Similar to the 16th century German thesaurus, which used only two different terms (Fluchtig for a refugee and Vertrieben for a displaced person, a modern terminology of international institutions taking care of people displaced by force is limited to only two terms (refugees and displacees.

Ideal kingship in the late medieval world: The Ottoman case

OpenAIRE

Yelçe, Zeynep Nevin; Yelce, Zeynep Nevin

2003-01-01

The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of the ideal ruler as seen through the eyes of the members of late medieval societies. Throughout the study, main features attributed to the ideal ruler in various cultures have been pursued. Comparing the concepts and attributes apparent in these cultures, it has become possible to talk about a single ideal of kingship as far as the "Christian" and "Muslim" realms of the late medieval era is concerned. The early Ottoman enterprise has b...

Le janissariat ou Au nom de l’Empire, au nom de la Nation, au nom du Parti, au nom de la Race ! The Janizariat: in the name of the Empire, in the name of the Nation, in the name of the Party, in the name of the Race! 

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Frosa Pejoska-Bouchereau

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Le janissariat, corps d’élite de l’Empire ottoman, trouve une évocation récurrente dans les littératures balkaniques. Des Prétoriens romains aux janissaires ottomans, en passant par les mamelouks d’Égypte, une seule et même idée anime les empires : constituer un corps de groupes militaires spécialement sélectionnés et formés qui puisse devenir la garde des empereurs et, plus largement, participer à la sauvegarde de l’Empire.Dans les littératures balkaniques, ce phénomène occupe une place prépondérante par la récurrence de son traitement. À travers deux écrivains macédoniens : Luan Starova et Stale Popov, nous questionnerons les raisons de l’importance de cette thématique.Loin de se limiter au seul homo balkanicus, nous tenterons de montrer, – à travers la théorie inédite d’Ernest Gellner fondée sur le janissariat et le concept de castration dans son ouvrage Nations et Nationalisme, ainsi qu’avec Georges Orwell et sa magistrale fable antitotalitaire : La ferme des animaux, et, enfin, avec Clarissa Henry, Marc Hillel et Léon Poliakov traitant du rapt des enfants et la naissance des « janissaires du IIIe Reich » –, que ce sujet concerne l’humain dans son humanité.From the Roman Praetorians to the Ottoman janizaries, through the mamelukes of Egypt, one single idea animated the empires: to constitute a corps of military groups specially selected and formed which could become the emperors guard and, more widely, participate in safeguarding the Empire.  In Balkan literature this phenomenon occupies a preponderant place by the recurrence of its treatment. Through two Macedonian writers, Luan Starova and Stale Popov, we will question the reasons for the importance of this thematic. Far from limiting ourselves to the only "homo balkanicus", we will attempt to show, through the original theory of Ernest Gellner founded in the janizariat and the concept of castration in his work Nations and

Turkey: migration 18th-20th century

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Akgündüz, A.; Ness, I.

2013-01-01

For many centuries, Europe called the Ottoman empire "Turkey." This applied to the registry of population movements to and from the Ottoman empire insofar as such registrations were made. The country's rulers and inhabitants, however, only took on the name Turkey (Türkiye) in 1923, upon proclamation

Osmanlı’da Zaman-Mekân Kavrayışının Değişimi; Edebi Metinler Üzerinden Bir İrdeleme Change In The Ottoman Space-Time Conception; An Inquiry Through Ottoman Literary Texts

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Işıl UÇMAN ALTINIŞIK

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This study entitled “Change in Ottoman Space-Time Conception:An Inquiry Through Ottoman Literary Texts”, proposes a noveldiscussion on the transformation of Ottoman practices from pre-modernto modern times with the use of recently discovered archival and literarytexts which has been neglected so far in the techno-cultural and socioculturalresearches. In that sense, “change in the Ottoman space-timeconception” is one of the pivotal parameters in order to scrutinize thetransformation of everyday life practices in respect to the changingcontextual phenomena of the pre-modern and the modern, and thispaper attempts to go beyond the prevalent approach of consideringindustrial revolution as the pre-requisite of discussing the socialtransformations brought by modernity. One of the main objectives ofthis study is to examine and visualize the technological, social andcultural processes experienced in the daily life practices that arespecific to the Ottoman realm in relation to the space-time conception.Based on this conceptual framework, the first part named “Müneccims,Muvakkits and the Auspicious Moments: Ottoman Space-TimeConception Before 19th Century” intends to expose the „pre-modernOttoman system‟ in relation to temporal space-time conception rootedin cosmology and nature. Accordingly, the second part under the title“New Space-Time Conception and Modernity in Ottoman Realm” aims toscrutinize the Ottoman experience of modernity in tune with the erosionof cosmological units derived from empirical observation.In this sense „cosmology, astrology (ilm-i nücum, astronomy (ilm-iheyet‟, „müneccimbaşılık ve müneccimler (chief astrologer and theastrologers, „müneccimbaşı takvimleri (chief astrologer calendars‟,„zayiçe (horoscope ve eşref saat (auspicious moment‟ and „muvakkitler,muvakkithaneler‟ are phenomena to be studied. As they display theoperations of the Ottoman psycho-social structure, these

Markets in the Ottoman city of Algiers and trading systems through the Law of Kanon al-asswak Manuscript

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A.E.K.Sahraoui

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The markets are economic entities with a common advantage in the field of professional specialization accompanied by a clear geographic concentration in the city of Algeria during the Ottoman period. Each trade has a specific street. Each profession's name shows three facts, including the concentration of artisans and merchants into one product, then the trade union that brings them together, and the place that bears their name, which has become independent of the technical meaning. Perhaps the markets of Ottoman Algeria and its professional and professional organizations are the ones that reveal the accuracy of attention to the commercial movement of the civilian, and its economic communities in general and industrial in particular.

Young Turk social engineering : mass violence and the nation state in eastern Turkey, 1913-1950

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Üngör, U.U.

2009-01-01

For ages, the eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire had been a multi-ethnic region, where Armenians, Kurds, Syriacs, Turks and Arabs lived together in the same villages and cities. The disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and rise of the nation state would violently alter this situation, as

Konya Darulhuffazs from Classic Ottoman Education Institues (XVII. century)

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Emin Kılınç

2008-01-01

Dârü’l-Huffâz word which came from “dar” and “huffaz” words, is a name given to education institution in which Kur’an is learned and memorized. Dârü’l-Huffâzs are one of the Classical Ottoman Institutions. In these institutions, in addition to teaching Kur’an, “tecvit” as tought. Also Kur’an-ı Kerim is memorized. The Works of Dârü’l-Huffâzs are based on obvious rules like the other education institues. Students, between 9-11 years old age and graduated from school are accepted to there. The s...

Issues in Implementation of Coeducation in Turkish Education System: A Historical Research on 1869 Statute on General Education

Science.gov (United States)

Kamer, Selman Tunay

2017-01-01

Though the Imperial Edict of Gülhane, which is regarded as the real beginning of modernization in the Ottoman Empire, does not contain any direct article on education, "Tanzimat" (Reorganization of the Ottoman Empire) and the process following it directly affected the education system in the country. The boards formed and the regulations…

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Hizmetinde Breslau (Midilli Kruvazörü

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Mithat Atabay

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The Otoman Empire, one of the most important reasons for entering the World War I ships Goeben and Breslau was the penetration of the Dardanelles The Ottoman Empire announced that they had unilaterally purchased Goeben and Breslau for 80 million German Marks. Althought reluctant to do so, the German Ambassador Wangenheim approved the “fait accompli” of the purchase to avoid turnning Ottoman public opinion against his country. Ultimately, the Navy Minister Cemal Pasha officially accepted the two ships into the Ottoman Navy in a ceremony that took place on the 16 August 1914. The ships were renamed as “Yavuz” and “Midilli”. Admiral Souchon, who arrived in the Black Sea on 27 October, participated in the bombarding of Odessa, Sivastopol and Novorossisk harbour on the night of 29/30 October with the Ottoman Navy consisting of 11 vessels including Yavuz and Midilli. The Tsardom of Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 2 November 1914. Then Middilli, during the World War I that determines the fate of the Otoman Empire was one of the ships at sea. The other was Yavuz. In this article, artivities up to the sinking of the cruiser Midilli were discussed.

The Feasibility of Ottomanism as a Nationalist Project: the View of Albanian Young Turk Ismail Kemal

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Taglia, Stefano

2016-01-01

Roč. 56, 3-4 (2016), s. 336-358 ISSN 0043-2539 Institutional support: RVO:68378009 Keywords : nationalism * Ottomanism *  İsmail Kemal * Committee of Union and Progress *  Sultan Abdülhamid II * Mehmet Sabahettin * Albania * Ahmet Rıza Subject RIV: AB - History

Tire Kutu Khan Excavation, Principalities And Ottoman Periods Ceramics / Tire Kutu Han Kazısı, Beylikler Ve Osmanlı Dönemi Seramikleri

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Hasan UÇAR

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Tire is a city, which was the capital city of Aydınoğulları Principality. The development of the city, which started to become a Turk-Islam settlement in this period, accelerated in the Ottoman period. The numerous religious, social and civil architectural structures built in those days in the city have reached the present day with great preservation of their originality. Kutu Khan, which carries the unique characteristics of the Ottoman city-inns, dating back to 1429. It was a remarkable structure in Ottoman trade life and it continued its function for centuries. Recently, excavations were carried out in the courtyard and barn area of the inn for restoration. A large number of ceramics reflecting the characteristics of both the Principalities and the Ottoman period were brought to the surface from underground. The presentations and evaluations of the red dough ceramics of both periods during the excavations are the contents of this article. When the ceramic finds are classified in chronological order, it is understood that the ones dated to the first half of the 14th-15th C. and those dated to the 18th-19th C. are high in number. The number of ceramics dated between these two periods is rather limited. This leads to different results. The first is that the area where the inn was built was also a settlement area in the Principalities Period; secondly, from the date of its construction until 18th-19th C., the inn was regularly operated; the third is that the centuries the cleaning work in the inn has not been given much importance and the broken ceramics have been sprinkled on the floor. Ceramics spreading for about 600 years were evaluated in two main groups; glazed and unglazed. All lined ceramics belonging to glazed ceramics belong to Ottoman period and these ceramics are similar to those ceramics produced in Eyüp and Çanakkale. Underglazed painted ceramics belong to both periods. In these ceramics, in which style differences are observed

An Ottoman response to Darwinism: İsmail Fennî on Islam and evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Bilgili, Alper

2015-12-01

The Scopes trial (1925) fuelled discussion in the United States on the social and political implications of Darwinism. For the defenders of the 1925 Tennessee law - which prohibited the teaching of Darwinism in schools - Darwinism was, amongst other things, responsible for the German militarism which eventually led to the First World War. This view was supported by İsmail Fennî, a late Ottoman intellectual, who authored a book immediately after the trial which aimed to debunk scientific materialism. In it, he claimed that Darwinism blurred the distinction between man and beast and thus destroyed the foundations of morality. However, despite his anti-Darwinist stance, İsmail Fennî argued against laws forbidding the teaching of Darwinism in schools, and emphasized that even false theories contributed to scientific improvement. Indeed, because of his belief in science he claimed that Muslims should not reject Darwinism if it were supported by future scientific evidence. If this turned out to be the case, then religious interpretations should be revised accordingly. This article contributes to the literature on early Muslim reactions to Darwinism by examining the views of İsmail Fennî, which were notably sophisticated when compared with those of the anti-religious Darwinist and anti-Darwinist religious camps that dominated late Ottoman intellectual life.

Evaluation of Arabic Foundation Certificate - charter of Sinanuddin Yusuf Çelebi from Ohrid in Terms of Language and A r abic Rheteoric

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Celal Turgut KOÇ

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Foundations were established as the social aid and solidarity institutions in Islamic Civilization to meet society's needs. Broadly speaking, the system of foundation had a significant role in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire was one of the states, w hich made the best use of this foundation system. Politicians, who worked in the Ottoman state, had established some foundations with respect to their positions, ranks and the regions to which they served. The established foundations not only met the socia l needs of the Ottoman Empire, but also provided the scientific contributions. In addition to the service, which these foundations offered the society, they assisted the consolidation of the relationships between the state and society. As a consequence, fo undation certificate - charters, the legal documents of the foundations, are the resources, which enable the transfer of literary, cultural and social values to the present. During the Ottoman period, foundation certificate - charters were written in Ottoman T urkish, Arabic and other languages. Sinanuddin Yusuf Çelebi wrote his foundation certificate - charter in Arabic. Foundation certificate - charters are very important because of the use of the higher order language skills and the density of literacy aspects. I n this study, Sinanuddin Yusuf Çelebi’s foundation certificate - charters w il examin e syntactically and semantically in terms of linguistic features such as synonyms, antonyms, and rhetoric.

BİRİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞI’NDA OSMANLI-ALMAN İTTİFAKINI MEŞRULAŞTIRMA ÇABALARI / OTTOMAN EFFORTS TO LEGITIMIZE GERMAN ALLIANCE WITH IN WORLD WAR I

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Mehmet Ali KARAMAN

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Bu çalışma Osmanlı Devleti’nin Almanya ile ittifak yaparak Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na dahil olması üzerine yoğun tenkitlere maruz kalan Osmanlı hükûmetinin attığı adımı meşrulaştırmak amacıyla askeri basın ve yayın organlarında başlattığı propaganda çalışmalarını ayrıntılı olarak belgeleriyle incelemektedir. İngiltere ve Rusya’nın 19. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Osmanlı karşıtı siyaset izlemeleri nedeniyle Osmanlı askeri yayınları Almanya ile ittifakı bir ehven-i şer olarak görmüş ve bu yüzden başında Almanya ile birlikte savaşa girmenin kaçınılmaz olduğu vurgulanmıştır. This article examines the Ottoman government propaganda in the Ottoman military publications to legitimize the Ottoman Empire’s entrance in World War I on the side of Germany after the government faced harsh criticism for its decision to side with Germany. Because the other major powers, G. Britain and Russia adopted an explicitly anti-Ottoman foreign policy in the late nineteenth century, the Ottoman military publications presented the alliance with Germany as the least bad option and stated it as an inevitable outcome.

Heritage and Information Communication Technologies. “The Glorious Return”, from Little Mont Moncenisio to Bobbio Pellice: a Tourist-Cultural Route

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Sara Ferrari

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The heritage summarizes the cultural, material and immaterial inheritance which refers to a local and community context expressing its characteristics, uniqueness and potential. The cultural route - container of heritage and structural elements of an area - contributes to the construction of the tourist services and the heritage image. It is oriented towards new musts in the tourism planning and therefore it generates emotional experiences, fosters creativity and participation, it provides different models of fruition and several reading and interpretation tools of the heritage.The attention to these issues led us to analyze the itinerary "The glorious return" (part of the wider European itinerary "The ways of the Huguenots and Waldensians" describing the technological applications that have been made such as the creation of a GIS web-site, a multimedia GeoGuide and an application "Augmented Reality for iPhones".

Sibel Zandi-Sayek, Ottoman Izmir: The Rise of a Cosmopolitan Port, 1840–1880

OpenAIRE

Dalachanis, Angelos

2015-01-01

Izmir is a somewhat privileged case, among the “cosmopolitan” port cities of the Ottoman Eastern Mediterranean, in terms of the number of studies devoted to it. However, although scholars dealing with Izmir’s history almost unanimously cite its cosmopolitan character, most of them examine the city from the perspective of individual ethnic and religious minorities. An obvious disadvantage of such an approach is that it ignores the relational dimension of group formation: minority communities c...

Gifts for Ottoman army: A contribution to the material culture of Belgrade in the 16th century

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Katić Tatjana

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Gift-giving and gift-receiving, as an expressions of suzerainty, patronage and favor on one hand and gratitude and loyalty on the other hand, were deeply rooted in Ottoman society. This practice had extraordinary significance in the relation ruler - army, especially in wartime. At the end of the 16th century, during the Long War 1593-1606, a shipment of over fifty different sorts of objects was sent from Belgrade Treasury to Istanbul to be distributed to the army after the campaign. The list of the sent items (military equipment, armory, carpets, fabrics, cushions, kitchenware and others, which is housed today in the Archive of the Topkapı Sarayı, is one of the rarely preserved Ottoman documents that originated in Serbia and as such, it offers a unique insight to material culture of Belgrade and its surroundings. This paper examines gifts from Belgrade Treasury with the aim of revealing one fragment of the town daily life and indicating the routes of international trade that reached to our territory.

Osmanlı Kadın Dergilerine Bir Örnek: Mürüvvet

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KILIÇ, NESLİHAN; KILIÇ, Neslihan

2015-01-01

Tanzimat period was a period of restructuring of Ottoman Empire. The impact of these changes and transformation which indicating in many areas has been reflected in the Ottoman Press in various degrees. In this context, first newspapers and magazines began to emerge. Ottoman woman that cannot be heard in the social life have found this opportunity through the press. Although short-term, Mürüvvet magazine which is the one of the first female newspapers and magazines has a symbolic significance...

Osmanlı Tekke Mutfak Kültürü ve Mecmuâ-i Fevâid / The Ottoman Dervish Lodge Cuisine and Majmūʿa al-fawāʾid

OpenAIRE

Güldane

2016-01-01

The dervish lodge cuisine in the Ottoman lodge structuring has a central importance. The lodge cuisine helped Anatolia turn into a homeland. Travelers took shelter in the lodges in Anatolia. So, these buildings were a safe haven for those who travel. Lodge’s kitchens were always open. These kitchens offered a delightful “Sheikh Baba’s Soup” anytime and these kitchens gave peace and serenity to Anatolia. This article analyzes the Ottoman lodge food culture in the context of a manuscript which ...

HANS OF THE OTTOMAN PERIOD: AN ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL CONCEPT IN FUNCTION OF A MODERN TOURIST PURPOSE

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Petar Namicev

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The highest developed form of a spatial concept of ainn in the urban area of the Ottoman period is the rectangular form of the spatial organization of the hans from the 15th and the 16th centuries. The most important examples are Kurshumlihan, Sulihan and Kapan han in the old bazaar in Skopje, which are part of a complex spatial system of the historical part of the city. According to the urban concept of the Ottoman builders, a group of public buildings has been formed, where mosque, bedesten, hamam, etc. appear beside another. Spatial analysis of auxiliary rooms and overnight accommodation, or open spaces (atrium, porch has a certain specific ratio. The experience of the organization from historical buildings is a valuable experience in terms of balancing different contents of the used space, its purpose and adjustment to the current needs of the object. The experiences from the study of certain spatial elements of the hans and from the analysis of the current tourism development in which they are included, can be applied in the concept of modern tourist objects.

Social Situation Of Diyarbakir Province Throughout The Ottoman Domination

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İbrahim YILMAZÇELİK

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Social Stratification can be described as “differentiation of a certain population hierarchically, namely, classes being located one after another in social terms”. As at present time, in the past periods as well, one of the most important factors that affected the social stratification was the posts of the persons, that is to say, the occupations and economic power they had. In Ottoman State, human communities living in cities were composed of different groups in general. It has been possible to arrange human groups especially with respect to their jobs or their economical situations and educational positions. As in the other Ottoman cities, in the city and the province of Diyarbakır, those groups constituted the social stratums. In this study, about social stratification in Diyarbakir city and state are given. Family and women issues form the main core of these layers are discussed in detail. Of the pillars of society throughout history and despite being one of the cornerstones of the nuclear family; this aspect of women in various cultures and periods or have been denied or ignored by hovering, has been reduced to a passive position. Islamic period, together with the woman, a former compared to a more realistic status gained Although, many Muslim states and cultures, traditions from a Ways must be, the status of women of Islam aiming at the level could be reached. In this study, which is expected to serve as an example to the status of women in the family and provincial organizations, in Diyarbakir Province were discussed between the situation of women in the social structure.Diyarbakir şeriyye sicils, social history and family gives important information about the woman. However, other resources will also be made. However, the issue constitutes the main source of şeriyye sicils. Diyarbakir when dealing with the family’s location in the social structure; first marriage and the family traditions and handled accordingly; Formation of

Válka císaře a jeho spojenců s Osmanskou říší v letech 1683-1699

OpenAIRE

Boritzka, Jiří

2009-01-01

I investigate the war between the emperor and the Sublime Porte from the militarypolitical point of view. This war changed into the war between the Holy League and the Ottomans in 1684. This conflict, which was finished by the Peace of Karlowitz in 1699, represented the merestone in the development of the Ottoman-European international relations. On one hand it meant the start of a visible decline of the Ottoman Empire, on the other hand it meant the growth of the Habsburg Monarchy. In long-t...

The Effects Of The Yenikoy Treaty On The Armenians And The Russian-Armenian Collaboration In World War I

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Nejla

2015-06-01

Full Text Available After the Ottoman Empire lost the first Balkan war, its situation changed drastically. All the weaknesses of the army and the administration came into notice. The issue of the Armenian reforms resulted in the interfering of the Great Powers in the empire’s internal affairs. With the Yenikoy treaty signed between Russia and the Ottoman Empire on February 9th, 1914, the reform demands of the Armenians were met. After that treaty, though, it had been observed that the Armenians started losing allegiance to the state and began arming themselves. Moreover, the Russian pressure on the Ottoman Empire also increased. After the bursting out of the World War I, Armenians thought that they could gain independence from the state with the help of Russia and the other Allied Powers. Therefore, Armenian National Delegacy started recruiting Armenian volunteers to fight in the Russian army. These volunteers were organized as separate units by the Russians. Their duties were to conduct intelligence duties for the Russians and opening the frontiers for the Russian army by performing guerilla wars. Armenians successfully conducted their duties, which resulted in the retreatment of the Turkish army from lots of places, even including Van. However, the Turkish army also put some effort in band activities. In this study, both the effects of Russia and the other Allied Powers on the Armenians and their standpoints towards the Ottoman Empire will be investigated.

"Sabiha Gök̨cen's 80-year-old secret" : Kemalist nation formation and the Ottoman Armenians

OpenAIRE

Ulgen, Fatma

2010-01-01

This dissertation explores the socio-historical forces that account for the ongoing Turkish denial of the genocide of the Ottoman Armenians for ninety-five years after the event. I argue that because of the temporal proximity of and the institutional continuities between the two events - Armenian deportations and massacres (1915 -1916) and the rise of the new Turkish nation-state with a legendary War of Independence led by Atatürk (1919-1922) - "Turkishness" invented by the Kemalist elites du...

Imperial Secrets. Remapping the Mind of Empire

Science.gov (United States)

2008-10-01

to tap into these dispersed and sometimes hidden lattices. Th e Ottoman authorities did dis- patch offi cial agents of surveillance, principally...Publications, 1974 (First published 1858). Eft imiades, Nicholas. Chinese Intelligence Operations, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1994

“Kayseri Hançerli Sultan Vakfı Bedesteni” in the Context of the Ottoman Bedestens

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Fernaz ÖNCEL

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The deeply-rooted commercial structure tradition of Kayseri is based on the city’s constant and centuries-old role in international trade and commerce. Throughout the Seljuk period, Kayseri’s bazaars were located outside the city walls, in the immediate vicinity of the city. Building of commercial structures in the citadel itself and the centre of the city began during Ottoman times, the period in which the city’s traditional commercial structure began to appear and grow. In 1497, the Sanjak Bey of Kayseri, Mustafa bin Abdulhay, constructed the “Kayseri Hançerli Sultan Vakfı Bedesteni”, surrounded by 38 stores, and thus began the establishment of the commercial fabric of the city. Over time, the Bedesten has changed both physically and functionally. These changes have been for the worse and have led to the Bedesten and its surroundings being defined as an “area of declining trade”. Factors that have negatively affected the structure’s physical make-up include environment, natural disasters, improper restoration, deliberate corruption, and haphazard changes made by users. Economic factors playing a role in its decline include changes to its original function as a ‘shopping’ centre, its traditional customer base, and the type and quality of goods traded there. The Bedesten is discussed here under four headings; Introduction, Bedestens as Ottoman Commercial Structures, Kayseri Hançerli Sultan Wakf Bedesten, Evaluation, and Conclusions.

A Mathematician Hussein Ryfky Tamani ibn Muhammad ibn Kyrym Ghazi »

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M.A. Useinov

2015-09-01

Full Text Available In this article an attempt is made to open up and make the analysis of the creative work of one of the outstanding scholar-mathematician in the Ottoman Empire at the end of the 18th – beginning of the 19th centuries whose origin was from the Crimean Khanate – Hussein Ryfky Tamani ibn Muhammad ibn Kyrym Ghazi. At the beginning of the 19th century, during 11 years, the scholar was a leader (bashkhoja of the Ground forces military-engineering school (Muhendishane-i berry-i Humayun in Istanbul. The article provides a review of translations made by Hussein Ryfky into the Ottoman language of European scientists’ works, as well as of his own research works on Geometry, Engineering and Military science, Astronomy, Geography, and other disciplines. The author also presents the textbooks having for centuries become the basic textbooks in the Ottoman Empire for learning exact sciences in the military educational institutions. The author provides the analysis of the pedagogical and public activity of the scientist during the period of reforms Nizam-i-Jedid, as well as the short description of his activities during the student years. Hussein Ryfky Tamani made a synthesis of Western and Ottoman approaches to the science. His works became the corner-stone in the foundation of Ottoman Mathematical science at the beginning of the 19th century.

The harsh life on the 15th century Croatia-Ottoman empire military border: analyzing and identifying the reasons for the massacre in Cepin.

Science.gov (United States)

Slaus, Mario; Novak, Mario; Vyroubal, Vlasta; Bedić, Zeljka

2010-03-01

Excavation of the historic period cemetery in Cepin, Croatia revealed the presence of a large number of perimortem injuries distributed among males, females, and subadults. Archaeological and historical data suggest these individuals were victims of a raid carried out by Turkish akinji light cavalry in 1441. Comparisons with the frequencies of perimortem trauma in 12 other, temporally congruent skeletal series from the Balkans (n = 2,123 skeletons) support this assumption. The role of the akinji in the Ottoman army was twofold: to supply war captives, and to terrorize and disperse local populations before the advance of regular troops. This article tests the hypothesis that the purpose of the 1441 raid was the latter. To accomplish this, perimortem trauma in the series were analyzed by sex, age, location, and depth of the injury. A total of 82 perimortem injuries were recorded in 12 males, 7 females, and 3 subadults. The demographic profile of the victims suggests that young adults were specifically targeted in the attack. Significant sex differences are noted in the number, distribution, and pattern of perimortem trauma. Females exhibit significantly more perimortem injuries per individual, and per bone affected, than males. The morphology and pattern of perimortem trauma in females is suggestive of gratuitous violence. Cumulatively, analysis of the osteological data suggest that the objective of the 1441 akinji raid was to spread terror and panic in the Cepin area, either as revenge for recent military setbacks, or as part of a long-term strategy intended to depopulate the area around Osijek.

Strategic Potential of the Late Ottoman Empire

Science.gov (United States)

2001-01-01

pluristic society and separation of powers . Additionally, the U.S. should provide training and assistance to the military and police regarding the...convince Turkey’s leaders that strength in diversity and through separation of powers will promote greater internal security and prosperity

Visual discourse of the clove: An analysis on the Ottoman tile decoration art

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Nurdan Öncel Taskiran

2012-12-01

Full Text Available In tile art, one of the world-famous Turkish Handicrafts, a wide variety of patterns are used on tile objects. The most common of these, after the tulip pattern, is the naturalist clove pattern. Different meanings were assigned to this pattern within the boundaries of form, color and design. Identification and perception of these meanings have a special place within the frame of the culture that they relay. In this present study the fields of meaning of the clove pattern frequently used in tile decoration arts among Turkish handicrafts were tried to be determined. By taking Greimas' Actantial Model as the theoretical model, in the study visual discourse analysis of the clove pattern will be made.Keywords: Clove Pattern, Ottoman Tile Art, Greimas, Visual Discourse.

Çanakkale Savaşı'nda Türk-Alman Birlikteliği

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Ahmet ESENKAYA

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Cooperation between the Ottoman Empire and Germany, especially in the sphere of military and communication, began with during the rule of Abdulhamit II. Although it is not exactly clear why the Ottomans preferred Germans instead of the British or French, the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP added another sphere of cooperation: partnership in the First World War against the British and French. The Ottomans invited the German military experts to modernize the military. The German officers were successful in training the Ottoman army and in organizing and strengthening the defenses of the Dardanelles. Then, in accordance with the treaty signed on August 1914 German military mission began to wield "effective influence" over the military operations of the Ottoman armies. German generals and staff officers served as advisers and military commanders for the Ottoman army. Just a month before the Battle of Gallipoli, the Ottomans appointed Otto Liman von Sanders as the commander of the 5th Army. German generals were also put in command of some army corps and divisions. During the Gallipoli campaign, German officers, advisers and experts oversaw placing naval mines in the Dardanelles, organizing coastal defenses, logistics and health care for the army. Their services continued until the end of the First World War.

OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NİN SON YILLARINDA KAHRAMAN VE HANEDAN MERKEZLİ TARİH ÖĞRETİMİ: HARİTALI KÜÇÜK TARİH-İ OSMANİ VE HÜLASA-İ TARİH-İ OSMANİ

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Ümüt Akagündüz

2014-10-01

Full Text Available This article aims to evaluate the qualification and quantity of history teaching in the period of the Second Abdülhamit. Considerable history textbooks were published in this period by various writers. Although these books have a simple style they are very useful to understand the history teaching in the Ottoman State. İn this context we will research two history textbooks by analyzing heroes and dynasty-centered history: Little Mapped Ottoman History (Haritalı Küçük Tarih-i Osmani which was written for beginner students in 1886 by Ali Nazima and Brief History of Ottoman Empire (Hülasa-i Tarih-i Osmani which was published for elementary school in 1906 by Hüseyin Hıfzı. The influences of great humans and heroes variously  Yrd. Doç. Dr., Ankara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi. E-posta: umutakagunduz1@gmail.com appeared in different epochs and when some writers and researches claimed that they were very insignificant peoples according to the others they were very important peoples. The power centers which exaggerate their past especially benefit from heroism, symbols and magnificence. According as other societies this situation caused to reveal an extolled dynasty and an uncriticizable sovereign in Ottoman State as well. Consequently this structure which affected the history teaching created education institutions and textbooks for the regime needs. The Little Mapped Ottoman History and The Brief History of Ottoman Empire concretize wars, conquers, treaties and rulers by commenting effects of heroes on our education history. Thus this article that elicits two pressed textbooks from various aspects will assist us to understand origins of our history teaching.

To get green is glorious? An empirical analysis of how and why state-owned companies in China take measures to combat climate change and environmental issues through Corporate Social Responsibility; To get green is glorious. Kinesiske statseide bedrifters samfunnsansvarsarbeid for baerekraftige utvikling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jareid, Marie

2012-07-01

This report is based on an empirical analysis that examines how state-owned companies in China are utilizing Corporate Social Responsibility to combat issues related to climate change and other environmental problems. The analysis was conducted at two levels in order to study the implementation of the different CSR measures: the first part examines different causes for the Chinese government's increasing attention on environmental issues, and the implications for the state-owned companies. In the second part the focus of the empirical analysis is on how the government and other stakeholders forces companies to integrate CSR in their business strategy. The purpose of the analysis is better to understand what affects the degree of integration of CSR, and try to understand how serious the companies are in their CSR strategies: Is CSR primarily related to public relations and reputation management, or are the measures are done in an attempt to create green, sustainable solutions and combat climate change?(eb)

Canonization of the new-martyrs of the Ottoman period in the Orthodox Church and their importance

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Jarosław Charkiewicz

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Article is devoted to the issue of the canonization of the so-called new-martyrs of the Balkans in the Orthodox Church, the issue that has not been in the Polish language studied yet. It concerns the saints who died for Christ after the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks in 1453. The considerations on the subject is preceded by a short introduction on the role of the martyrs in the Church. Article also refers to the issue of nomenclature, i.e. the definition of the term “new-martyr”, and its appearance in Christianity.Nearly 300 of the new-martyrs of the period of Ottoman slavery are known by the name. This group includes people of different social groups: the hierarchy, the rulers, the monks, married priests and lay people. It is probably only a small part of people who have suffered the death during this period in defense of Orthodoxy. The researchers divided them into four groups, which, the author presents. Their cult for centuries was limited because of the fear of consequences from the Turkish authorities. Only part of them was canonized after 1821, when as a result of uprising the independence of the Greece was proclaimed.The article also contains a part in which the importance of the new-martyrs of the Ottoman period for the Orthodox Church and its faithful is explained. Their importance was emphasized already by their contemporaries. This importance is multi-faceted and refers to the role of the Church plays from its beginning by the martyrs.

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Gazze Muharebeleri / The Battles of Gaza in World War I

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Sami Ağaoğlu

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract According to Germany’s demand, Ottoman Empire opened Canal Front which is one of the most important front lines of WWI to pass the Suez Canal and attack Egypt. There were two massive attacks between Ottoman and British. The first clash occured in 1915 and second took place in 1916. Result of Ottoman forces struggle with the British troops, Ottoman Empire were defeated but then Ottoman Empire counter attacked. They tried to prevent British attacks in the campaigns of Sinai and Palestine. The paper deals with the First and the Second Battle of Gaza that repelled English forces, the third Gaza Battle and its result, Yildirim Army Group (or Thunderbolt Army Group of the Ottoman Empire that was formed in order to prevent advance of attackers and siege and fall of Jerusalem. Therefore, subsequent failures of the campaign and retreating to the Anatolia started. The research paper was based on archival documents, primary&secondary sources and memoirs. Öz Osmanlı Devleti, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın önemli cephelerinden olan Kanal cephesini Almanların isteği doğrultusunda Süveyş kanalının geçmek ve Mısır’a taarruz etmek amacıyla açmıştı. Osmanlı Ordusunun I. Kanal Seferi ve II. Kanal Seferi başarısız olunca, karşı saldırıya geçen İngiliz birlikleri Sina ve Filistin cephesinde, Gazze muharebeleri ile durdurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmamızda, İngiliz birliklerinin püskürtüldüğü I. ve II. Gazze muharebeleri, Birüssebi ve Gazze’nin elden çıktığı III. Gazze muharebesi, Osmanlı Devleti’nin bu yenilgiyi durdurabilmek için kurduğu Yıldırım Orduları Gurup Komutanlığı ve Kudüs’ün elden çıkışı ele alınmıştır. Böylelikle birbiri ardına gelen yenilgiler zinciri ile Osmanlı Ordularının Anadolu’ya çekilişi arşiv belgeleri, birinci elden kaynaklar ve hatıratlardan yararlanılarak işlenmiştir.

The Crimean Tatars and Their Influence on the Triangle of Conflict’ - Russia-Crimea-Ukraine

Science.gov (United States)

2008-03-01

Ottoman Empire, threatening the strategic Bosporus Straits. To protect them, France , Britain and Sardinia joined the Ottomans in the war. Allied forces...educated in a local Islamic school, and then in Russia and France .259 He recognized the threat of Russification, and sought to counter it through a...269 On the other hand, Lenin claimed Crimea was a hive of bourgeoisie , and sent the Cheka (Soviet secret police) to deal with those who opposed the

Güney Lefkoşa’da Osmanlı Dönemi Camileri / Ottoman Period Mosques in South Nicosia

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Çiğdem Çağnan

2018-03-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Cyprus, the third largest island in Mediterranean has passed different types of civilization periods. The most significant periods reflecting the architectural and historical characteristics in the island are; until XVIth century under the influence of Latin Civilizations, later on Ottoman (1571-1878, British (1878-1960 and Modern (1960-present periods. Due to its strategic position in Mediterranean, different cultures from east and west are combined in its heritage. The Turks came to Cyprus in 1571 when the Island was conquered by Ottomans. After this date, the Ottomans began to build their culture they brought with them in Cyprus. All the necessary administrative, religious and public institutions for the administration of the island were established. The monumental buildings indicating Ottomans administrative, educational and social configuration in architecture like mosques, baths, inns, mills, aqueducts, educational institutions, commercial places were built and their continuity with the waqfs (foundations tradition was ensured. In 1974, a bi-regional settlement policy has been followed on the Island. The northern part settled by the Turkish Cypriots, the southern part settled by the Greek Cypriots and Nicosia became a divided capital city. In this study, the four mosques Omerieh, Bairakdar, Arablar and Tahtakale (Taht-El Kale from Ottoman Period in South Nicosia are investigated. In the study firstly the archieves of awqaf (vaqf and literature were searched and historical information about the buildings were collected. Afterwards, the buildings were observed on site and their current conditions were analyzed. The study was made with the aim of documenting the current structural and functional conditions of these mosques which each one is a part of tangible cultural heritage.   ÖZ Akdeniz’de üçüncü büyük ada olan Kıbrıs, farklı uygarlık dönemleri geçirmiştir. Adaya mimari ve tarihi özelliklerini yansıtan en

Inspection and Numerical Analysis of an Ottoman Railway Bridge in Jordan

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Amin H. Almasri

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The construction of bridges represents a big challenge, since they require enormous economic effort and specialized technical skills. Bridges were historically important as they help connecting people and thus diffusing cultures, sharing ideas, and providing the backbone of transportation networks. This study focuses on the inspection and structural analysis of a 20th-century Ottoman railway stone arched bridge located on the Hejaz railway network in Jordan. The bridge has a very important cultural heritage value which stems from its history. The bridge stone material was cut and tested to determine its strength, in order to be used in the analysis. The structural analysis was carried out to assess the structural condition of the bridge and its suitability for reuse. The study includes static analysis under gravity loads and seismic analysis under earthquake loads. Despite the existence of deterioration in the bridge body construction materials due to a combination of human and natural factors, the analysis results proved enough structural capability to sustain the imposed gravity loads, but not a strong earthquake.

Constantinople dans quelques textes grecs de fiction aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles Constantinople in certain greek novels of the 18th and 19th centuries

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Henri Tonnet

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Le présent article est une présentation de Constantinople telle qu’elle apparaît dans quelques textes romanesques du XIXe siècle grec. À cette époque Constantinople/Istanbul est encore pour les Grecs la capitale naturelle de l’hellénisme. Le point commun de tous les textes romanesques grecs de cette période, c’est qu’ils soulignent la continuité entre l’Empire byzantin et l’Empire ottoman. Si l’élément grec de la population y est souvent surévalué — on n’y parle presque jamais des Turcs — sans être pour autant idéalisé, les quartiers grecs sont sales, certains auteurs, comme Constantin Ramfos, sont très sensibles à la beauté de l’architecture ottomane. C’est une Istanbul aujourd’hui disparue que ces textes rares et non traduits nous révèlent.The present article is a presentation of the city of Istanbul as it appears in 19th century texts, in Greek novels. At the time Constantinople/Istanbul still felt like the natural capital of Hellenism for Greeks. The point that all those texts have in common, in the particular period, is that they underline the continuity between the Byzantine Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Even if at some points the Greek element of the population is over evaluated – there is rare if ever any mention of Turks in those texts – it is never idealized. The Greek neighbourhoods are described as being dirty and certain authors, like Constantine Ramfos, appear to be very sensible to the beauty of the ottoman architecture. These rare and non translated texts reveal to our eyes the city of Istanbul as a city that has now disappeared.

Osmanlı Şiirinde Öteki Ve Başkası Olarak Kâfir İmgesi The Image Of Heretic As Other And Another In Ottoman Poetry

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Recep DEMİR

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Imagology deals with the examination of the images in national literatures related to other societies in general. On reflecting the impressions about different communities in the Ottoman poetry sometimes custom name of that society and sometimes expressions like ‘heretic’ were used. In fact, this image like many elements of Divan poetry was inherited from Persian poetry. But it is possible to get clues from these texts about Ottoman poets and readersthinking on the plot of ‘us’ and the ‘other’. Heretic is used as an adjective describing a very dear and types of rivals, often it evokes negative connotations. This usage is not based on real experiences and it is in the form of generic and subjective judgments. It is normal to define the opposite with such shallow generalizations in societies having conflict with each other. In fact, the Muslim communities in European literature have been used an othering discourse. In addition, the image of heretic does not always infer a negative meaning in Ottoman poetry. Buildings made of non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire commonly believed to be solid, fabric and mirrors from Europe often expressed with appreciations. These images are more realistic because they occur on certain experiences. Also the image of physician in Divan poetry does not refer to the other although it is non Muslim. The image of heretic is also used in relation to unclear papers and on some of the traditions of non-Muslims, these are also based on experiences and observations. İmgebilimin araştırma alanı genel olarak bir ulusal edebiyatta başka toplumlara ait imgelerin incelenmesidir. Osmanlı şiirinde farklı toplumlara ait izlenimler bazen o toplumun özel adı kullanılarak, bazen de “kâfir” gibi genel ifadeler kullanılarak dile getirilmiştir. Aslında bu imge, divan şiirindeki birçok unsur gibi Fars şiirinden devralınmıştır. Fakat bu metinlerden Osmanlı şair ve okurunun düşünce dünyasındaki biz

From Ottoman colonial rule to nation statehood: Schooling and national identity in the early Greek school

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Theodore G. Zervas

2017-01-01

Full Text Available After Ottoman colonial rule, education in Greece became an important institution for the ideological construction of a Greek national identity. This paper looks at schooling in Greece just prior to the Greek Revolution and immediately after Greek Independence, and how the Greek national school system assisted in the construction of a Greek national identity. This paper is divided into several sections. The introductory section discusses how a newly independent Greek nation-state struggled to unite the Greek people under a collective national identity. While most people at the time identified with their families, communities, and Greek Orthodox Christian religion, after Greek independence people began to see themselves as members of a broader Greek nation. The section that follows provides a discussion of Greek education during Ottoman colonial rule, and how a type of Greek identity (centered around the Greek Orthodox Christian faith was maintained through the Greek Orthodox mileu. The Greek Church ran schools, and taught Greek children how to read and write, as well as the virtues of the Orthodox Christian faith. Section three of the article looks at Greek education during the early years of the Greek nation-state. In this section the general contours of the Greek educational system are delineated. The section also discusses how the organization of the Greek national school system was borrowed from extant school models found in Western Europe. Section four describes the Greek national curriculum and how the national curriculum would help to teach future generations of Greek citizens what it meant to be Greek. This is further reinforced in the Greek school textbook, which is part of the discussion in section five. Section five concludes with the role of education and its implications in uniting nations from around the world.

Turkish Culture and Its Influence on the Counter-Insurgency Campaign Against the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK)

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Morgado, Andrew

2006-01-01

...). The independent variables shaping Turkey's response to the insurgency were a unique brand of nationalism, Islamic traditions, aspirations towards Westernization, and political legacies from the Ottoman Empire...

Flower Style on Seventeenth Century Agra Buildings

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Ali Fuat BAYSAL

2017-12-01

Full Text Available India is a uniquely rich country thanks to its historical characteristics and complex mixture of different races, cultures and religions. The diversity of the religious groups has particularly affected the decorative arts, which have generated another form of diversity and richness. Every religious group built their own houses of worship and decorated them in accordance with their beliefs because of the close relationship between religion and decoration. Many buildings containing Turkish overtones have been constructed in India, particularly in Agra, during the Mughal era. The style of Kara Memi, a sixteenth century Ottoman painter, draws attention with the decoration of the buildings constructed during the Shah Jahan era. Of them, the most popular is the Taj Mahal. It is well known that the Ottomans respected and appreciated the artistic characteristics, particularly the architecture, of the region instead of acting in a dominating manner. Thus, we can consider the relationship between the Ottomans and Mughal Empire is similar only in terms of style. Cooperation was present between them, and artistic transfers between these two empires were thus inevitable.

Konya Darulhuffazs from Classic Ottoman Education Institues (XVII. century

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Emin Kılınç

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Dârü’l-Huffâz word which came from “dar” and “huffaz” words, is a name given to education institution in which Kur’an is learned and memorized. Dârü’l-Huffâzs are one of the Classical Ottoman Institutions. In these institutions, in addition to teaching Kur’an, “tecvit” as tought. Also Kur’an-ı Kerim is memorized. The Works of Dârü’l-Huffâzs are based on obvious rules like the other education institues. Students, between 9-11 years old age and graduated from school are accepted to there. The students institutions graduated from this institutions can continue “dârü’l-kurrâ” which is higher level. There was no money came from goverment to found and manage the institutes. These institutions are founded by the people who likes charity. The needs of institute also are paid from these charities. These charities also cover the needs of eat, drink, housing pocket money of students. Also regairing institution and workers’ feewas paid from the charity. There are şeyhülhuffaz, muid, student, trustee, nazır, cabi, ferraş, clerk, noktacı and cüzhans in institute, they are managing the institution. Some darulhuffazs ancludes places such as school mosque, bath etc

II. Meşrutiyet’in Kimlik Arayışlarına Bir Örnek: İttihâd-ı Anâsır-ı Osmaniye Heyeti, Nizamnamesi, Yapısı ve Amaçları An Example to the Quest of Identity of The Second Constitutionalist Period: The Charter, Structure and Aims of Committee of the Unity of Ottoman Ethnic Elements

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Cem DOĞAN

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Three main doctrines were put forth and debated on account of their usefulness so as to save the state in the phase of the decline of the Ottoman Empire. The first one was Pan-Islamizm (İttihâd-ı İslâm at which aimed reorganizing the Empire by Islamic rules in real terms. According to the Pan-Islamists, the Empire and society were in collapse for the last ages due to the ignorance of the real esence and rules of Islam. So, the thing had to be done was to adopt the Islamic Law (Şeriat to the conditions of the day. The second one was Westernization idea and Its goal was to imitate the Western civilization spesific areas and scales, perceive what kind of dynamics on the Western societal, economic, political and intellectual ideas are arising and use this in the Empire as modernization instrument. And the last ideas was İttihâd-ı Anâsır (Unity of the Ethnic Elements which was designed upon the union of all Ottoman subjects. Its purpose was to unite every person under “Ottoman” supra-identity. Thus, citizens would use their sub-identity in the private spaces and they would have been regarded as Ottomans by their supra-identity in the public spaces. By this way, a sense of unity was going to be founded amongst the subjects which formed the country. In this sense, as an institution in the Second Constitutionalist Period’s political life, Committee of Unity of the Ottoman Ethnic Elements was to endeavor for the union of Ottoman subjects without distinguishing sect, idea, nation, personality or gender. This article aims to enlighten the purposes and ideas of Committee of the Unity of Ottoman Ethnic Elements by considering its charter. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu çökerken, devleti kurtarmak için başlıcaüç ana doktrin öne sürüldü ve işe yararlıkları bakımından tartışıldı. Bufikir akımlarından ilki, İmparatorluğu gerçek anlamıyla İslâmi kaidelerçerçevesinde yeniden düzenlemek amacını güden İttihâd-ı �

Anastassiadou-Dumont Méropi (dir., Médecins et ingénieurs ottomans à l’âge des nationalismes, Paris-Istanbul, Maisonneuve & Larose-Institut Français d’Études Anatoliennes, 2003, 387 p.

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François Siino

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Le long xixe siècle ottoman est le témoin de deux processus étroitement liés dont cet ouvrage tente de restituer la dynamique. D’une part, la transformation impulsée d’en haut du système impérial par le biais des réformes (tanzimât mises en œuvre à partir des années 1830, suivie de l’explosion de ce système sous les effets conjugués des impérialismes européens et de la montée des ethnonationalismes. D’autre part, l’émergence au sein de la société ottomane – et en relation directe avec la vol...

The introduction of a limping standard in the principality of Serbia

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Gnjatović Dragana

2007-01-01

Full Text Available From the Ottoman conquest in 1459 to the monetary reform launched in 1868 Serbia was under the full monetary suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire and did not have the right to mint her own coinage. The first half of the nineteenth century, however, saw the first signs of monetary autonomy. When in 1815 the Porte granted Serbian authorities the right to collect taxes, currency exchange rate lists began to be issued in Serbia determining the kind and price of foreign currencies acceptable for tax payment. When, in accordance with the hatti-sherifs of 1830 and 1833, Serbia's vassal taxes to the Ottoman Empire were united into a single monetary tribute to be paid annually in gold currencies, a dual accounting monetary unit was introduced as protection from Ottoman debased silver currency. A true monetary autonomy, however, was only achieved with the monetary reform carried out between 1868 and 1880, when a limping gold standard in accordance with the standards of the Latin Monetary Union was introduced de iure. After more than four centuries of using only foreign currencies in circulation, the minting of silver coins was reestablished in Serbia and a Serbian gold coin was minted for the first time. While adopting the minting standards of the Latin Monetary Union Serbia had never become a member.

Examination of Mehmet Refik Fenmen’s Life in that Scientists and Educationist

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Gurdal OZCAKIR

2015-08-01

Full Text Available From the 19th century, especially while living the positive effects of the European Industrial Revolution, also The Ottoman Empire who is considered by Western in Asiatic mode of production is in the quest. The Ottoman Empire realized that they need well-trained staff who high equipped in respect of technical and knowledge and educational institutions to train them and for this purpose have worked to eliminate the deficit in the field of education by reorganized the existing training institutions by brought the experts from abroad and on the other hand sending out select students. Returned to the country after completing their education and contributing to the state's development by opportunities they had gained, a team was formed which can be called “Last Ottoman-Young Intellectuals Republic of Turkey”. The subject of our study, Mehmet Refik FENMEN, perhaps one of the best examples of the students in this group. In this weak period of the Ottoman Empire, he is one of the great actors in turnout which preparation of infrastructure of progress which will arise in the development of science and technology in Republican era. Beside he is a scientist who is very well equipped and trained, Mehmet Refik FENMEN has taken to inform of the developments in Turkish society especially his students as a duty and with his book and articles he was able to catch all layers of community. Today, for the younger generations also for new generation of our scientists’ name of Mehmet Refik FENMEN is a model of intellectual that should be known and take as sample.

IMPRESSIONS OF SOME OTTOMAN POETS FROM EGYPT / BAZI OSMANLI SÂİRLERİNİN MISIR İZLENİMLERİ

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Dr. Mustafa ERDOĞAN

2009-04-01

Full Text Available The relationships between Turks and Egyptiansgo back a long time in history. After Yavuz Sultan Selimconquered Egypt and made it an Ottoman state, therelations increased even more. In this respect manyOttoman poets went to Egypt for different purposes andwrote poems that included their impressions andopinions about the country. After a condensed researchand scanning on divans, it is ascertained that there areindependently written poems about Egypt in the divans ofKaramanlı Aynî, Ahmed Pasa, Revânî, Kâbulî, Fehîm-îKadîm, Mezâkî, Tecelli, Râmî Pasha and Neylî. Thesepoems indicate the poets’ points of view to Egypt andEgyptians and reflect their thoughts and impressionsabout Egypt. Furthermore they are sources that giveopinions to us how Istanbul and Anatolia was perceivedfrom there and how much the poets were missing theirhomeland. In the introduction part of this article therelation of the poets with Egypt is explained. Thenchronologically the poets who have poems about thiscountry and their relationships with it are introduced.After that the poem of the chronologically mentioned poetis evaluated according to the criteria of form and content,and the text of the poem is presented. At the end of theresearch of eleven poems of nine poets about Egypt (threepoems of Fehim are taken for evaluation, it isunderstood that some of the poets praise Egypt as it isthe land of the prophet Joseph and also acclaim for itsabundant lands full of betel nut and sugar. On contrarysome of the poets criticize the country as it has a dustyand hot desert climate, and as it is far away from theirhomelands.

Neutralized Politics by Bureaucratic Power in Turkey from 1923 to 2002

OpenAIRE

Erdal Gişi

2014-01-01

Although the Republic of Turkey is recognized as a country figured in opposition to the heritage of and in contrast with the Ottoman Empire, it is obvious that this viewpoint does not fully comply with realities. In this regard, it is possible to claim that the attempt of a bureaucratic group to control the whole social and political area, which also revealed itself for centuries in the Ottoman Period and became more evident in its last periods, has passed to the Republic. Center-periphery re...

Movements of the Albanians in Kosovo and Metohia in the eve of the Young Turkish Revolution

OpenAIRE

Zarković, Vesna

2011-01-01

As per the author's view, deep crisis which was upsetting the Ottoman Empires at the beginning of the 20th century was the consequence of a long-term non-resolution of the occurred problems, and a wrong approach to the events in the state. One of the ways of problems solving was the introduction of reforms what some great powers were insisting on. Non-accordance among them, non-sincerity of the Ottoman powers, and resistance of the local leaders together with the inhabitants, were main obstac...

Výročí narození zakladatele brněnské balkanistiky prof. dr. Josefa Kabrdy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Hladký, Ladislav

2016-01-01

Roč. 102, č. 1 (2016), s. 159-161 ISSN 0037-6922 Institutional support: RVO:67985963 Keywords : Historian Josef Kabrda (1906–1968) * Balkan studies, history of Ottoman Empire Subject RIV: AB - History

Orientals and Orientalists

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Reade, Julian

2004-01-01

Reviews three books on archaeology. "Possessors and Possessed: Museums, Archaeology, and the Visualization of History in the Late Ottoman Empire," by Wendy M. K. Shaw; "Orientalism and Visual Culture: Imagining Mesapotamia in Nineteenth-Century Europe," by Frederick N. Bohrer; "Empires of the Pla......: Henry Rawlinson and the Lost Languages of Babylon," by Lesley Adkins....

БУКОВИНА ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ ПРОТИСТОЯННЯ МІЖ ОСМАНСЬКОЮ ІМПЕРІЄЮ ТА РІЧЧЮ ПОСПОЛИТОЮ (1653-1673 РР. / BUKOVYNA AS OBJECT OF CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND RZECZPOSPOLITA (IN THE LATE 1653-1673

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Олексій БАЛУХ

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Балух Алексей. Буковина как объект противостояния между Османской империей и Речью Посполитой (1653-1673 гг.. В статье, на основе анализа источников и монографической литературы, проанализированы общественно-политические события и военные действия в Молдавии в контексте истории Северной Буковины, молдавско-польские и молдавско-турецкие отношения, которые затрагивали интересы региона, выяснены результаты правления молдавских господарей. Констатируется, что Буковина в 1653-1673 гг. стала объектом противостояния между Портой и Польшей, что вызвало на буковинских землях ощутимые экономические и демографические потери. Ключевые слова: Северная Буковина, Молдавское государство, военно-политические отношения, Речь Посполитая, Османская империя, Валахия, Трансильвания. Oleksii Balukh. Bukovyna as object of confrontation between the Ottoman Empire and Rzeczpospolita (in the late 1653-1673. The article analyzes military and political events on the Moldavian State territory through history of Northern Bukovyna, versatile sides of the Moldavian-Polish and Moldavian-Turkish relations related to the life in the Bukovinian land. The author also revealed the outcomes of Moldavian masters ruling in Bukovyna. He stressed that the fight for the master’s throne started after numerous military campaigns of Cossacks to Moldova (1650

A Letter to Ahmad Khan

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I.M. Mirgaleev

2016-12-01

Full Text Available We bring to attention of specialists an undated letter of Ottoman ruler Mehmed II Fatih to the Great Horde khan Ahmad from the collection of famous collector of Ottoman charters Feridun-bey [1, S. 289]. The addressee is the famous ruler of the Great Horde, khan Ahmad. Daulat Khan mentioned in the letter is Nur-Davlet. He was connected with khan Ahmad, and, as indicated by the letter, he had also set in close contact with the Ottomans whose ruler openly declares in a letter that “our sight of benevolence and patronage is directed toward him”. Thereby the Sultan made it clear to the “principal” Tatar khan Akhmad that Nur-Davlet was under the patronage of the Ottoman Empire. Considering the period of activity of Nur-Davlet in Crimea, presumably the letter was written in 1477. Famous researcher of the Crimean Khanate V.D. Smirnov had already examined the letter and the question of why Ahmad Khan was named the Crimean khan in the title of the letter [2, p. 221–222].

Nederland-Turkije, 1675-1678. Vier jaar op het snijpunt van Gouden Eeuw en moderniteit

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Merlijn Olnon

2013-05-01

Full Text Available When the Dutch Republic and the Ottoman Empire established formal relations in 1612, they committed themselves to maintaining friendly diplomatic relations as well as commercial ones. Seventeenth-century Dutch diplomacy in Istanbul revolved around Dutch trade, especially in Izmir. Ottoman cultivation of the Dutch served mainly international strategic purposes, for their role in which the Dutch received unusually benign Ottoman treatment. Formal diplomacy aside, relations between these states and their subjects materialized in the everyday contact between Turks, Franks, Latins, Greeks, Armenians and Jews in Izmir. The development of that city peaked during the pivotal years 1675-1678. In these mere four years a confluence of administrative, commercial, and international political developments transformed the Dutch nation of Izmir from a collective of smuggling freebooters into a discrete professional community. As such, these years are an endpoint as well as a starting point in Ottoman-Dutch relations: they mark the shift of the primacy of the Dutch Levant trade in a Mediterranean mould, towards the primacy of professional Dutch international diplomacy.

Schattenboxen

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Johannes Berchtold

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Rezensiertes Werk: Turan Kayaoğlu, Legal Imperialism. Sovereignty and Extraterritoriality in Japan, the Ottoman Empire, and China, New York: Cambridge University Press 2010, VIII, 237 p., ISBN 978-0-521-76591-6

A brief survey of the fight against corruption in the Russian and Ottoman Empire in the first half of the 19th century

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Jorgić Kristina

2013-01-01

Full Text Available For the Russian and Turkish Empire the nineteenth century is the period of adopting reform laws to modernize the country in order to be competitive in the course of time. Although the reform process in Russia was obstructed by the Arakcheyev regime and reactionary politics of Nicholas I of Russia, the government made a serious step in the fight against systemic corruption, enacting the Criminal Code of 1845. On the other hand, Turkey was undoubtedly under considerable foreign pressure concerning modernization processes. The Tanzimat period represents a significant epoch in which Turkey, among other countries, was faced with widespread corruption. The crown success of reformatory work in Turkey was adoption of the Criminal Code of 1856. This paper analyzes the specific laws which sanctioned corruption in these two empires.

War and Peace in the West /1644/): A Dilemma at the Threshold of Felicity?

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Štěpánek, Petr

2001-01-01

Roč. 69, č. 2 (2001), s. 327-340 ISSN 0044-8699 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAB9021902 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z9021901 Keywords : Ottoman Empire * Hapsburg diplomacy Subject RIV: AB - History

Divorces as a Manifestation of Change in Social Life in the province of Eyüp during Tulip Era

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Yasemin KESKİN

2017-04-01

Full Text Available As in all societies, the family union in Ottoman Empire might end up with the divorce willingly or not for some reasons. In Ottoman Empire, there are three sorts of divorces pursuing the Islamic law. Man’s divorcing his spouse of his own accord (talak, divorcing of a court upon the appeal of a woman with some justifications (tefrik and consensual divorce occurring with the proposal of woman and the approval of man (hul or muhalaa. It is possible to behold these types of divorcement samples in Eyüp. In this article, the types of divorcements in Eyüp District will be attempted to be explained whether the increase in the Tulip Period is an indication of deterioration or moral courage of women by discussing the samples in the Sharia Court Records.

Darüşşifas Where Music Threapy was Practiced During Anatolian Seljuks and Ottomans

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Gülşen Erdal

2013-03-01

Full Text Available AbstractMusic therapy, one of the oldest treatment methods known, dates back to thousands of years. Turks’ using music therapy practices in hospitals -Ottoman and Seljuk hospitals- built with appropriate acoustic in the treatment of mental disorders, utilizing the books which included the researches done by scientists such as İbni Sina, Razî, Farabî, Hasan Şuurî and in Gevrekzade Hasan Efendi in music therapy and improving music therapy practices exemplarily in the period of Ottomans and Seljukians is assessed as the first serious music therapy practices. Darüşşifa is one of the names given to medical and educational establishments which give people health service depending on practice and observation and treated patients in Turkish and Islamic world. Turks started various reconstruction activities following their settlement in Anatolia. Within a short period, they built several types of artifacts such as; caravansaries, madrasahs, mosques, darüşşifas. In Seljukian and Ottoman darüşşifas, medical subjects were taught according to researches and scientific principals, and surgeons were educated at medical madrasahs as well. Medical health care service was provided in those places. In this study, of darüşşifas where music therapy was practised the ones surviving today and having importance have been analyzed so as to emphasize how curative power of art history and music was used by Turkish people centuries ago. From this point of view, Kayseri Gevher Nesibe Tıp Medresesi (Medical madrasah (1206, Divriği Ulu Camii ve Darüşşifası (Mosque and Hospital (1228, Amasya Darüşşifası (1309, Fatih Darüşşifası (1470 Edirne Sultan II. Bayezid Darüşşifası (1488, Süleymaniye Tıp Medresesi and Şifahanesi (Medical Madrasah and Hospital (1556 have been examined in this study as the featured ones among the institutions where music therapy was practised.ÖzetMüziğin insanlar üzerinde bıraktığı psikolojik ve fiziksel etki

Literary Depictions i n Ghazavâtnâmahs That Adress the Crimean War

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Kürşat Şamil ŞAHİN

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The Crimean War that started in 1853 between the Ottoman Empire and Russia lasted until 1856. It ended with the defeat of the Russians as England and France sided with the Ottoman Empire. A great number of work has been written then and since about this war which deeply affect our social and politica l life. Among these, there are ghazavâtnâmahs that describe what happened down - to - line, usually by the pen of the poets and writers who closely witnessed the war. The causes of war, the preparations, what happened at the time of expedition and measures tha t were taken, the outcome of the events during the war and afterwards are all brought into sharp relief in most of these works. Whether in verse, prose or mixed typed, these works of art have gradually increased after 15 th century in Turkish literature. Th is genre has decreased by the Ottoman Empire began to decline and the raids were scarce; and it totally disappeared after the tradition of ghaza were ceased. In this study the literary depictions in - the last examples of the genre - Salih Hayri’s Kırım Zafe rnamesi (Hayrâbât, Ahmed Rızâ Trabzonî’s Manzume - i Sivastopol and Süleyman Şâdî’s Muzaffernâme are presented. There are not many studies that focus on literary depictions in ghazavâtnâmahs, particularly on literary war depictions. The characteristics of t hese literary depictions are tried to be explained with reference to ghazavâtnâmahs belonging to the Empire's last era.

Hakim Mohammad: A Persian Military Surgeon in Safavid Era (1501-1736 CE).

Science.gov (United States)

Khodaie, S-Ali; Ghaffari, Farzaneh; Zargaran, Arman; Naseri, Mohsen

2017-12-31

Wars and injuries have accompanied mankind throughout history. Physicians and surgeons from various civilizations made difficult attempts to manage wounds and injuries. Among various civilizations, the Persian Empires had great armies which were well equipped. One of the most important organizations in Persian troops was the military surgery. This study presents a brief biography of Hakim Mohammad (a military surgeon in Safavid era) and introduces his book, Dhakhira-yi-Kamilah. Safavid kings (1501-1736 CE) with unifying all of Persian regions and provinces reconstructed the Persian Empire. Great scholars and physicians were raised in this era. It seems that Persian physicians and surgeons were well trained in Safavid era and many of them were even employed by other countries like Ottoman Empire and India. Hakim Mohammad as a military surgeon was one of such physicians who served in Ottoman Empire for some time. He gathered his surgical experiences and others in the book of Dhakhira-yi-Kamilah. This book was written in Persian. He has mainly written about the management of wounds and practical techniques. Later, he came back to his homeland and dedicated his book to the king of Persia.

The lost identity of Izmir

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Tanis, F.; Hein, Carola

2016-01-01

Port cities are distinguished from other cities by their waterfronts, which were shaped by economic and cultural transactions between each city and its networks. Trade-related activities prepared the conditions for accelerated globalisation with economic changes. The Ottoman Empire supported

W. T. Stead and the Eastern Question (1875-1911; or, How to Rouse England and Why?

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Stéphanie Prévost

2013-04-01

Full Text Available W. T. Stead, who had viewed his appointment as editor of the new Darlington daily, the' Northern Echo', in 1871 as ‘a glorious opportunity of attacking the devil’, took up many crusades beyond that of the ‘Maiden Tribute’. Among the career-long causes that allowed him to ‘attack the devil’, one holds a special place: the suffering of Ottoman Christians, in particular Balkan Slavs and Armenians, at the hands of their tutelary authority, the Sultan, whom Stead did not recoil from calling ‘the Eastern ogre’ at the time of two episodes of atrocities, first against Bulgarians in 1876, and then against Armenians twenty years later. Indeed, on Stead’s own avowal, the Bulgarian agitation ‘made [him]’. Undeniably, the denunciation of this episode of ‘atrocities’ put him on the journalistic map, eventually winning him the esteem of leading Liberal statesmen and the position of assistant editor at the 'Pall Mall Gazette' in 1880. Although Stead’s early interest in the Ottoman Empire has received some attention, his career-long commitment to the Eastern Question (1875–1911 remains understudied, including the fact that, in 1911, he was cordially entertained by the successor of Sultan Abdul Hamid, whom he had assimilated to the ‘Eastern ogre’ only a few years earlier. Assuming that Stead’s early coverage of the ‘Bulgarian atrocities’ in 1876 proved a defining moment for him, this article contends that his understanding of the Eastern Question was largely dictated by those writings that proved of utmost help ‘in some of the critical moments of his life’, namely, the Bible, Thomas Carlyle’s 'Cromwell', and the work of the American poet and ambassador, James Russell Lowell. Delving into Stead’s mind, to paraphrase the title of David Bebbington’s 2004 study on Gladstone ('The Mind of Gladstone: Religion, Homer and Politics', will enable us to shed light on the reasons why the Eastern Question appealed to Stead as

The Armenian Repatriation 1908-1914,The Question of Nationality and Property

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Hale şıvgın

2015-06-01

Full Text Available By the rise of the industrial America, the prosperous living conditions in the United States has begun to pull immigrants and hard economic conditions became a powerful driving force behind the immigration. Ottoman emigration to America has approximately the 80-90-year-old history. Ottoman emigration to America has continued between 1908-1914 years even after the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP issued the proclamation of the Constitution. Another feature of migrations in this period, the return of Armenians previously migrated from where they went. This study focused on repatriation of Armenians from United States. The population emigrated from Ottoman Empire to America has been encouraged to return under Tashnak political campaigns. It has been tried to get the picture of repatriation campaigns and politics regarding Armenians and after returnees how the question of nationality and property has been solved by CUP.

Ships of Fortune - the third programme of 'The Day the World Took Off'

OpenAIRE

Dugan, David

2004-01-01

A 50 minute film, made by Windfall Films and shown on Channel 4 television in 2000. The film now includes the rise of the Dutch Empire and the spread of European civilization to the New World of America. It also looks at the rise of a commercial, capitalist civilization in western Europe and some reasons for the stasis and decline in the Ottoman Empire.

Geç Dönem Osmanlı Âdâb-I Muâşeret Kitaplarında Hane Tanzimi ve Salon Âdâbı House Decoration And Salon Manners In Late Ottoman Etiquette Books

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Fatma TUNÇ YAŞAR

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The second half of the nineteenth century in the Ottoman world is a period in which many changes and transformations took place in political, social, economic and cultural realms. Change and transformation in house-life is one of the most important realms of Ottoman modernization. Changing lifestyle in late Ottoman society created a split between the alla turca and the alla franca (respectively Ottoman Turkish and Frankish style and this split have gradually penetrated the different layers of house-life from the use of domesticspace to the inner workings of family life. The adoption of westernequipments, objects of furniture and European table manners, andchange in the physical properties of the house not only affected thestyle of using domestic space, but also produced a new way of life insidethe house. In this article, it is analyzed that how Ottoman etiquettebooks published between 1889-1918, approached house-relatedetiquette rules and how they imagine the ideal Ottoman house in thelate Ottoman change and transformation process. In this vein, etiquetterules to be applied in different situations such as visits, invitations, teagatherings, soirée and balls is scrutinized under the title of housedecoration and salon etiquette. The approaches of the Ottomanetiquette authors to house-related etiquette rules give hints about howthey encounter changing lifestyle, westernization and modernization,how they determine their target audience and what kind of a role theygive Ottoman woman in the transformation process. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ikinci yarısı, Osmanlı dünyasında siyasi, sosyal, iktisadi ve kültürel alanlarda pek çok değişim ve dönüşümün yaşandığı bir dönemdir. Ev ve aile hayatında yaşanan değişim ve dönüşüm Osmanlı modernleşmesinin en önemli alanlarından biridir. Geç dönem Osmanlı toplumunda değişen hayat tarzı alaturka ve alafranga (Türk ve Frenk usûlü arasında ciddi bir ayrışma meydana getirdi

AN OLD TURKISH TRADITION IN OTTOMAN PALACE: GIFT EXCHANGE IN THE NEW YEAR OSMANLI SARAYINDA ESKİ BİR TÜRK GELENEĞİ: YENİ YILDA HEDİYELEŞME

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Emine DİNGEÇ

2009-12-01

Full Text Available As gift exchange in the New Year became a common custom around the world in our time, it was an old tradition for the Turkish people. According to the old Turkish culture, the new year begins at 21th of March. It was celebrated with joy and happiness among the people. Gift exchange was an important part of this celebration as strengthening the relations and amity in the society. This tradition can be noticed in the Ottoman palace. Nevruz (a holiday celebrated at the vernal equinox was celebrated in the Ottoman palace and expansive gifts were presented to the some of the palace officials. Among these officials, Hekimbaşı (Sultan's chief physician who prepares special macun (compound called Nevruziye for the new year and müneccimbaşı (the chief astrologer of the Ottoman sultan who arranges the new calender were the two who regularly receives special gifts from the sultan. On the other hand, the sultan himself received gifts from the prominent figures in the palace such as viziers, kaptan paşa, governors, yeniçeri ağası. Among the gifts the horses specially called “Hediye-i Nevruziye” were the most favorite. Undoubtedly, using the tradition of gift exchange for political maneuvers in the palace was common incident. According to the Ottoman palace custom, most of the gifts were registered. This paper is about the reflections of an old Turkish tradition of gift exchange in the Ottoman palace. Günümüzde yeni yılda hediyeleşmek gelenek haline gelmiştir. Yeni yılda hediyeleşme kültürü Türkler için çok eskilere dayanmaktadır. Eski Türkler, yeni yıla kullandıkları takvime göre 21 Mart’ta girer ve bu günü bir bayram havasında, sevinç ve coşkuyla dostları ile birlikte kutlardı. Hediyeleşme de aradaki dostluk ve sevgi bağlarının güçlendirilmesi açısından bu seremoninin bir parçasıydı. Bu kültürün izlerine Osmanlı sarayında da rastlanmaktadır. Osmanlı sarayında nevruz yani yılbaşı çok �

Kautilya’s Arthashastra: A Timeless Grand Strategy

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-01

life, Alexander was forced to retreat, by the rebellion of his army in the Indian subcontinent, and the glorious expansion of the Greek empire reached...cooked food , and beverages should be stationed at the rear. Various battle arrays and formations are enumerated for the conduct of the battle, and...the state, as both seek to achieve legitimacy in their eyes. The French counter insurgency theorist, David Galula states flatly that an insurgency is

Saints' Relics in Scuola di S. Giorgio degli Schiavoni: An Anti-Ottoman Pantheon

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Ana Marinković

2018-04-01

Full Text Available The intensified military campaigns against the Ottomans in the second half of the fifteenth century palpably influenced the cult of saints venerated in Scuola di S. Giorgio degli Schiavoni, both by assimilating new saints, as well as strenghtening the existing cults through indulgences and relic acquisitions. The initial pair of patron saints – St George and St Tryphon, the city patrons of Bar and Kotor – delineated the geographical area where the majority of confraternity members originated from, that is, the Venetian Albania. The inclusion of St Jerome, the patron of Dalmatia, to the confraternal pantheon by Cardinal Bessarion's indulgence issued in 1464, in addition to rounding up the holy patronage to all the Eastern Adriatic Venetian dependencies, also marked the beginning of a strong anti-Ottoman motivation in the scuola's hagiographic horizon. The triple endowment of the Scuola in 1502 – relic acquisition, granting of indulgence, and commission of Carpaccio's monumental cycle – continued to work on the same line, and added to the practical aspect of spiritual support to the members of Venetian troops provenient of the Eastern Adriatic. However, the saints whose relics are today kept in the altar of the lower hall, including the patron saint of the Republic of Dubrovnik, point to an even wider devotional agenda, possibly arranged after the Battle of Lepanto, as the comparative analysis of the reliquaries show.   Le campagne militari contro gli Ottomani intensificatesi nella seconda metà del XV secolo influenzarono palesemente il culto dei santi venerati nella Scuola di S. Giorgio degli Schiavoni, sia attraverso l'assimilazione di nuovi santi, sia tramite il rafforzamento del culto già esistente verso le indulgenze e l'impulso all'acquisizione di reliquie. La prima coppia di santi patroni - San Giorgio e San Trifone, patroni della città di Bar e Cattaro - delimitano l'area geografica da cui proviene la maggior parte dei membri

A Personal Account of the History of Historical Demography in Europe at the End of the Glorious Thirty (1967-1975

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Antoinette Fauve-Chamoux

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Encouraged by her masters at the Annales School—historians Fernand Braudel and Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie, demographer Louis Henry from Institut National d’Etudes Démographiques (INED, and sociologist Peter Laslett from Cambridge—the author, a baby-boomer, experienced major socio-economic and cultural changes in family behavior and reproduction models induced in Europe by the revolutionary events of 1968 in Paris. In this essay, she presents a personal account of the history of historical demography in Europe, between 1967 and 1975, in other words at the end of the post-WWII Glorious Thirty period (1945-1975. She then became involved in the development of a global network that had been formed in 1960 in Stockholm, linking professional national and international associations and academic units in Historical Demography and History of the Family. This network spread quickly overseas during the following decades. The period under study was marked by the beginning of important behavioral changes in socio-economic contexts and attitudes to family life, gender and human reproduction. These major shifts were called the Second Demographic Transition by two Dutch demographers, inspired by French scholars. The year 1976 is identified as a major turning point for Historical Demography as a discipline, mostly through the creation of the Social Science History Association and the Journal of Family History, which brought new theoretical approaches and methodologies. A generation of productive researchers appeared with the end of the 20th century and the new millennium. They took advantage of an increasingly digitalized world to widely disseminate a rich store of knowledge about past population behavior gathered since the 1960s by their predecessors.

THE SYMBOLS OF PRIDE AND PRIVILEGE IN OTTOMAN POETRY “WREATH” “OTAGA” “AIGRETTE” / OSMANLI ŞİİRİNDE İFTİHAR VE İMTİYAZ SİMGELERİ “ÇELENK” “OTAGA” ve “SORGUÇ”

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Neslihan KOÇ KESKİN (M.A.H.

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Ottoman Poets have studied the Turkish cultural history with a lyrical expression in their poems and tried to adapt this culturel accumulation to the readers through their poems in an aesthetical way. In this paper, wreath, otaga and aigrette which are the symbols of pride/boast and privilege/exclusivity and can be qaulified as a type of medal have been studied. At first putting the feathers of precious animals such as a heron, a peacock and a crane and then valuable jewels to the head, kavuk and turbans have also been thought as the sign of sovereignity. At the same time, these correspond to the medals and badges of the kings in the west . In our paper, how wreath, otaka and aigrette are taken in hand in Ottoman poetry will be presented in a historically supported frame.

morale among french colonial troops on the western front during

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Abel

can be illustrated by the order for hivernage of the Creole troops of the West Indies.9. In 1915 the ... Ottoman Empire had entered the war and the Germans were using this to ..... The French Foreign Legion: A complete history of the legendary ...

Israel: Background and U.S. Relations

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-07

Iranian progress toward a nuclear weapons capability is fast closing. Consequently, they have sought increasingly punitive international measures...the Biblical home of the Jews but was then part of the Ottoman Empire. During World War I, the British government issued the Balfour Declaration in

Homosexuality and police terror in Turkey.

Science.gov (United States)

Yuzgun, A

1993-01-01

Being a way of sexual living as old as human history, homosexuality occupies an interesting place in the life of the Turkish people of the Republic of Turkey. This has been so since the days of the glorious Ottoman Empire. In the year 1987, instead of investigating the roots of homosexuality, the pressing need has become to present a particular view of homosexuality in Turkey today. To be more specific, there is a need to explain the problems of Turkish homosexuals and suggest certain vital solutions. Our country is constantly endeavoring to become "westernized" and it is claimed that steps are being taken toward that modernization. Despite this fact, homosexuals are confronted with such great problems that it is not difficult to justify those who say that there is no democracy in Turkey. I will try to explain these problems with documentary evidence and without exaggeration. In doing so, I shall make use of new material in my book, published under the title of Homosexuality in Turkey: Yesterday, Today. Beginning in March of 1986, we compiled a list of the attitudes of the police toward gays, involving pressure and cruelty that can be qualified as torture. Despite this situation, instead of being more democratic and humane, in April 1987 the police force employed terror tactics against homosexuals in Istanbul. This was "the straw that broke the camel's back." Soon after this act of oppression, 18 gays, acting on our suggestions, sued the police for the first time. They then submitted a petition to the Attorney-General and later launched a hunger strike in Taksim Square. These represent movements of importance in the political history of Turkey. From now on homosexuals, too, will have the right to speak out in political affairs.

Heroines of gendercide: The religious sensemaking of rape and abduction in Aramean, Assyrian and Chaldean migrant communities

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mutlu-Numansen, Sofia; Ossewaarde, Marinus R.R.

2015-01-01

This study seeks to understand a diaspora community narrative of rape and abduction suffered during the genocidal massacre of 1915 in the Ottoman Empire and its aftermath. Based on interviews with 50 Aramean, Assyrian and Chaldean migrants in Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands, whose families are

The Language of the Nation: The Rise of Arabic among Jews and Christians (1900–1950)

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Murre-van den Berg, H.L.

2016-01-01

This essay explores the ways in which in the period following the First World War, non-Muslim communities participated in the establishment of Modern Standard Arabic as the foremost symbol of the new states that replaced the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire. A comparison of the sociolinguistic

Imperial porphyry from Gebel Abu Dokhan, the Red Sea Mountains, Egypt

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Makovicky, Emil; Frei, Robert; Karup-Møller, Sven

2016-01-01

The prestigious red Imperial Porphyry was quarried from Mons Porphyrites in the Red Sea Mountains of Egypt. The porphyry, reserved for imperial use in Rome and Constantinople, was widely reused in Romanesque and Renaissance times, and in the Ottoman Empire. At the locality, the rocks vary from da...

Kemunduran Dan Perkembangan Politik Turki Uthmani

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Bisri Djalil

2017-03-01

Full Text Available The Caliphs Rashidin era is a period where the expansion of Islam is increasing, this is followed by Daula Umayyad and Abbasid Daula. Furthermore, the Turkish Uthmani Empire replace The Daulah Abbasid with the breadth of his domain. Unfortunately during Uthmani Turkey is not a lot of developments in science are successfully obtained, not as much as during the Abbasid Daula. After the death of Sultan Sulayman al-Qanuni year 974 AH / 1566 AD As a huge kingdom, the Ottoman Turks gradually decline. Substitute Sultan Sulaiman al-Qanuni turned out to be more concerned with themselves, their morale even worse, so inevitably the Ottoman empire in decline. Sometimes the area is reduced due to losing the war, sometimes growing again, then decline again. This lasted until the XXI century. Mustafa Kemal Pasha was a brilliant military cadres in a career. With the concept, he wants to make Turkey a secular state that is no longer an empire. With all the efforts and the movement of his dreams come true. In 1924 the Republic of Turkey was proclaimed by Mustafa Kemal Pasha as President and as Prime Minister Ismet Inonu.

Trablusgarb ve Balkan Savaşları’nın Osmanlı Devleti’nin Ticaret-i Hariciyesi Üzerindeki Etkileri The Impacts Of Tripolitanian And Balkan Wars On The Ottoman Foreign Trade

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Filiz ÇOLAK

2013-07-01

Full Text Available The last ten years of the Ottoman State witnessed successivewars. These ten years began with the Tripolitanian War, which was aTurkish-Italian war, and ended with the Balkan Wars, World War I andTurkish War of Independence. These wars led to deterioration ofpolitical and economic conditions of the state and eventually to its fall.The Tripoli and Balkan Wars deeply influenced foreign policy andtrade of the Ottoman State. The Tripolitanian War began in 1911 whenItaly invaded Tripolitania and caused tension in the Ottoman-Italianeconomic relations even for a while. The same boycott, previouslyimplemented by the Ottoman State against Austrian goods as a result ofBosnia and Herzegovina invasion of Austria-Hungary in 1908, wasimplemented against Italian goods in 1911. The idea of boycott initiallycame up in the press, because the government was late to declare waragainst Italy. However Babıâli could not prevent Italian goods enteringthe country due to capitulations, therefore resorted to increase thecustoms duties taken from Italian goods. This policy continued until thepeace treaty in 1912.In 1912 the Ottoman State found itself at war with the BalkanLeague, an alliance formed by the Balkan States (Bulgaria, Greece,Montenegro, Serbia led by Bulgaria. Babıâli entered this war withoutany preparation and during the war Babıâli on the one hand tried tomeet army’s needs and on the other hand tried to take precautions byreviewing its economic relations with these countries. As a first step,like in the Tripolitanian War, Babıâli increased the customs dutiesapplied during trade activities with these Balkan countries and laterboycott was implemented against them by the Ottoman State. Thispolicy continued until the peace treaties in 1913 and ended after thepeace.In this study we will try to answer how these wars affected theforeign trade of the Ottoman State. The impact of these wars on theimport and export relations between Italy/Balkan States and

Weber Stefan, Damascus. Ottoman Modernity and Urban Transformation, 1808-1918, Aarhus, Aarhus University Press, 2009, 2 volumes, 464 + 664 p., 7 planches.

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Brigitte Marino

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Cet ouvrage monumental en deux volumes est issu d’une thèse de doctorat que Stefan Weber a élaborée alors qu’il était membre du Deutsche Archäologische Institut (DAI, à Damas, et soutenue à l’Université de Berlin en 2001. Comme ses prédécesseurs allemands –d’abord K. Wulzinger et C. Watzinger (1924, puis D. Sack (1989 –, l’auteur apporte une importante contribution à notre connaissance de la ville de Damas. Il s’interroge sur la modernité ottomane qui a transformé la ville au cours du xixe...

De l'honorable ennemi au compagnon de fortune From the respectable enemy to the one who shares a common destiny

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Györgyi Mate

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Dans la culture hongroise, 150 ans de proche cohabitation avec l'Empire ottoman ont laissé d'innombrables traces. En littérature, la richesse relative en documents ne nous permet que de frôler la « question turque ». Nous proposons ici une récurrence fondamentale, l’honneur et tout particulièrement la parole donnée. Cette problématique peut être envisagée selon trois axes. Les engagements personnels – politiques et militaires – ; la question des conversions, recoupant le domaine de la religion ; le fonctionnement de la cohabitation, plus complexe. Les textes illustrant ces trois approches sont d'une grande diversité. Les mémoires d'esclave ou les chants épiques y tiennent une place égale avec le roman du XIXe siècle. L'image de l'Empire ottoman a subi une métamorphose considérable au cours des siècles en Hongrie. Au quinzième siècle, un des premiers témoignages européens présente un régime bien ordonné, dont les valeurs morales constituent un exemple à suivre pour la chrétienté. Vers le milieu du XVIe siècle, Hans Dernschwam ne trouve dans l'Empire que des « bizarreries ridicules et vicieuses ». Au même moment, les chansons de geste de Tinódi montrent le sultan Soliman en ennemi redouté des puissances occidentales. Un siècle plus tard, le poète Miklós Zrínyi sublime ce monarque en figure légendaire. Le XIXe siècle ouvre deux nouvelles voies : le romantisme de Jókai peint une âme profonde et orientale ; le réalisme de Tömörkény s’intéresse aux petites gens. Le XXe siècle exploite le sujet ottoman tout en hésitant entre l'image de l'ennemi séculaire, et celle d’une cohabitation paisible des deux peuples.The 150 years of the close cohabitation with the Ottoman Empire has certainly left numerous traces in the Hungarian culture. With regard to literature, the relative poorness of available documents does not allow us to even to venture in the road of the “Turkish question”. Here

BEING AN INTERPRETER IN OTTOMAN GALATA: ESTATE AND DEPTS OF A VENETIAN DRAGOMAN (1672 OSMANLI GALATA’SINDA TERCÜMAN OLMAK: BİR VENEDİK TERCÜMANININ TEREKESİ VE BORÇLARI (1672

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Metin Ziya KÖSE

2011-09-01

Full Text Available After opening the embassies of European states in the center of the Ottoman Empire, intensive diplomatic relations began between the both sides. Interpreters are played an important role as mediator agents of two different world. Republic of Venice attributed a special importance to interpretership. Also, an interpreter training school was opened. Venetian interpreters who undertook various tasks were in Istanbul a certain period or all of their lives. They obtained interpreting berat from Ottoman rule to have a number of exemptions. Corci Tomazo, one of this interpreters, was died in Istanbul in 1672. His estate was recorded by the court of Galata. In this study, historical information was given about embassies interpreters, firstly. Later, the estate of Corci has been viewed. A more general conclusions have been reached on the basis of the estate of this interpreter. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun merkezinde Avrupalı devletlerin elçilikleri açıldıktan sonra taraflar arasında yoğun bir diplomatik münasebet başlamıştır. Tercümanlar, iki farklı dünyanın aracıları olarak ilişkilerde önemli bir rol oynamışlardır. Venedik Cumhuriyeti, tercümanlığa ayrı bir önem atfetti ve tercüman yetiştiren bir okul dahi açmıştır. Çeşitli görevler üstlenen Venedikli tercümanlar, belli bir süreliğine ya da hayatlarının tamamında İstanbul’da bulundular. Osmanlı yönetiminden tercümanlık beratı alarak bir takım muafiyetler elde ettiler. Bu tercümanlardan biri olan Corci Tomazo, 1672’de İstanbul’da öldüğünde terekesi Galata kadılığı tarafından kayıt altına alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak elçilik tercümanlarına ait tarihsel bilgiler verilmiştir. Daha sonra ise Corci’nin terekesi incelenmiştir. Bir hayli borçlu olduğu görülen bu tercümanın terekesinden yola çıkılarak daha genel sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır.

An Analysis of the Contents and Pedagogy of Al-Kashi's 1427 "Key to Arithmetic" (Miftah Al-Hisab)

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Ta'ani, Osama Hekmat

2011-01-01

Al-Kashi's 1427 "Key to Arithmetic" had important use over several hundred years in mathematics teaching in Medieval Islam throughout the time of the Ottoman Empire. Its pedagogical features have never been studied before. In this dissertation I have made a close pedagogical analysis of these features and discovered several teaching…

Kurds, states and tribes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bruinessen, M.M. van

2002-01-01

At most times, Kurdish society has existed at the periphery of, and functioned as a buffer between, two or more neighbouring states. From c. 1500 until the First World War, the relevant states were the Ottoman Empire in the west and Safavid, later Qajar Iran in the east (with Russia and the

Velmocenská politika carského Ruska a Osmanská říše za Velké války (1914-1916)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Prokš, Petr

2017-01-01

Roč. 25, č. 1 (2017), s. 41-70 ISSN 1210-6860 Institutional support: RVO:67985963 Keywords : History * World War I * Russia * Ottoman Empire * International Relations Subject RIV: AB - History OBOR OECD: History (history of science and technology to be 6.3, history of specific sciences to be under the respective headings)

A Discussion About Whether Women Can Be Bandit in the Ottoman Law on Gender Context: Havva Hatun Sample

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Turan AÇIK

2015-12-01

Full Text Available As the women are captured within the private area through the socially established rules of gender, they become a secondary, or even the victim. The feminist theory evaluates this phenomenonin the axis of the concept of gender. In modern times, the reflection of this phenomenon is observed. However, the gender, which is also referenced as a functional concept in historical studies, has the risk of losing sight of the nuances. The situation of Havva Hatun, who was engaged in banditry in Trebizond in 1632 as a member of “silent crowd”, and her six concubines forms an example. Havva Hatun and her concubines, who made the life difficult for the inhabitants of the neighborhood, assaulted them with axes and hatchets, tore down the walls of the house and stole thirty rolls of tent canvases, three swords and a basket, did not surrender the court’s call and escaped. Nothing further was heard from Havva Hatun, after she went to Sansar Hasan Beşe, who helped her. Havva Hatun exhibited an unexpected “public” appearance with today's perception. In terms of Islamic canon law, it is controversial whether her acts can be defined as banditry. In this paper, as we discuss the acts of Havva Hatun that we encounter in the Kadi court records of Trabzon and evaluate whether she could be considered as a bandit, we also make an effort to open a “window” to the world of the Ottoman women. If it was decided by the court that she was a bandit, her hands and feet should have been cut diagonally. However, she would get rid of the penalty if some scribes argued that women could not beregarded as bandits. In the documents, she was called “feşâr”, instead of “bandit”, which has a similar meaning, but softens the situation as a matter of semantics. This probably eased the verdict of Havva Hatun. Therefore, while the European women with similar acts were accused of witchcraft were murdered, Havva Hatun was only sentenced to the material compensation of

Turkey’s Arabian Middle East Policy and Syrian Civil War

OpenAIRE

AKILLI, Erman

2017-01-01

TheMiddle East was remolded when the Ottoman Empire was divided through the SykesPicot Agreement, prepared by Great Britain and France on 19 May, 1916. Whilethe Arabs had expected to gain absolute freedom and from the empire, historyunfortunately has shown that this was merely a tale well suited to the ArabianNights. That agreement erased one region, replacing it with another; and theMiddle East has primarily been ruled since then under totalitarian regimes, atleast until the so-called Arab S...

Die Staatsrechtlichen Fragen, die der Wiener Hof bei der Integration Siebenbürgens in der Habsburgischen Monarchie Erledigen Musste

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Marinel Ovidiu Koch-Tufiş

2015-12-01

Full Text Available After the military occupation of Transylvania by the Habsburg troops, in 1688, the Viennese Court dealt, among other things, with solving the most important issues of state law related to the former autonomous Principality of Transylvania: the establishment of a new international status of the Principality, the form of integration of Transylvania into the Habsburg Monarchy – through the unification of Principality with the Kingdom of Hungary, respectively through its integration as a freestanding province – and not ultimately, the decision on whether or not to keep the status of Principality of Transylvania. The establishment of the Principality’s new international status has been achieved through diplomatic negotiations with the Prince of Transylvania Michael (Mihai Apafi 1st, with the representatives of Transylvanian general assemblies, respectively with the Ottoman Empire. By the Statement of the 9th May 1688, the Transylvanian Diet renounced Ottoman Porte suzerainty, accepting the Habsburgs’ suzerainty and protection. In its turn, through the Treaty of Peace concluded in Karlowitz in 1699, the Ottoman Empire, forced by its unfavorable military situation, renounced the suzerainty over Transylvania Principality and recognized its annexation to the Habsburg Monarchy. Wanting to decrease the political power and influence of the general assemblies of Hungary, the Viennese Court opposed their intention to integrate Transylvania into the Kingdom of Hungary. As a result, Transylvania became part of the Habsburg Empire, not as a possession of Kingdom of Hungary, but as a freestanding province. In addition, the Habsburgs decided to preserve the status of Principality of Transylvania. In order to emphasize the individuality of this province against the Kingdom of Hungary, the Principality of Transylvania was proclaimed by Viennese Curt, in 1765, a Grand Principality. Obviously, this contributed to enhancing the prestige of Transylvania, as well

Turkish Language and Literature Education in Turkey (Brief History-Problems-Recommendations)

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Beyreli, Latif

2009-01-01

Language and literature education in Turkey has searched its way through a variety of trials and errors since 1923, when the education heritage inherited from the Ottoman Empire was rebuilt upon a contemporary and laic foundation, and established upon modern foundations in 2005 with the assistance of a variety of curricula used after a long…

Informal Learning in Late-Nineteenth and Early-Twentieth-Century Greece: Greek Children's Literature in Historical and Political Contexts

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Zervas, Theodore G.

2013-01-01

After Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire (1827), a newly formed Greek state looked to retrieve its past through the teaching of a Greek national history. For much of the nineteenth century Greek schools forged common religious, linguistic, and historical ties among the Greek people through the teaching of a Greek historical past (Zervas…

LA ROMANIDAD ORIENTAL MODERNA: UN TESTIMONIO SOBRE EL PAPEL RELIGIOSO Y POLÍTICO DE LA ÉLITE CRISTIANA HELENOHABLANTE DE CONSTANTINOPLA EN EL SIGLO XVIII THE MODERN ORIENTAL ROMANITY A TESTIMONY ABOUT THE RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL ROLE OF THE CHRISTIAN GREEK-SPEAKING ELITE OF CONTANTINOPLE DURING THE XVIIITH CENTURY

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Xavier Agati

2009-01-01

Full Text Available En este ensayo, examino fragmentos escogidos de los Asuntos eclesiásticos y políticos de A. Komninós Ipsilántis, obra escrita en el siglo XVIII en griego arcaizante y antiguo en el Imperio Otomano. Estos fragmentos se refieren a dos dignatarios que representan, de forma particular, la legitimidad bizantina en el Imperio Otomano. Este trabajo busca situar la cultura romana oriental en las dimensiones de su contexto intrínseco, tal y como era considerada por sus actantes, y no tan sólo por tradiciones exteriores.In this essay, I examine fragments chosen from the Ecclesiastical and Political Affairs by A. Komninós Ipsilántis, a work written in the XVIIIth century in archaizing and ancient greek in the Ottoman Empire. These fragments refer to two dignitaries who represent, in particular way, byzantine legitimacy in the Ottoman Empire. The essay aims at situating the oriental roman culture within the dimensions of its inner context, as it was considered by its actors at that moment, and notjust by foreign traditions.

The Investigation in Terms of Design Component of Ottoman Women Entari in 19th Century and Early 20th Century

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Saliha AĞAÇ

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The aim of this research is to study various entaries belonging to the 19th century and early 20th century in terms of design elements and principles. As result of the studies, it was seen that the X silhouette, the straight line type, vertical line direction, velvet, and silky textures, purple color tones in the base, and golden yellow in the embroidery were mostly used. Symmetric balance and symmetric decoration are observed most and it was determined that there were no principle of motion in entari in general, the point of emphasis was in the embroidery, there was no contrast in line and color elements and all design details were in compliance with each other. This study is deemed significant in terms of attracting attention to and introduction of historical clothing important in protecting cultural heritage, and for exhibiting the refined superior aesthetics of period Ottoman Turks.

AMASYA SERICULTURE IN OTTOMAN PERIOD OSMANLI DÖNEMİNDE AMASYA’DA İPEKÇİLİK

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İsmail KIVRIM

2011-12-01

Full Text Available As an invaluable commercial good, Silk was the focus of attentionfor a long period of time throughout the history of world economy.Especially, in the 16th and 17th centuries silk was called as ‘White Gold’as an alternative of silver. Thus it became a significant element that playsa key role in the shaping of the history of world economy and politics.The leading city in the Ottoman silk production and weaving isBursa. This study aims to explain the importance of another silkproduction center in Ottoman, Amasya. The city was situated on thetrade route of Iran, it was a city of a shahzade, a prince, it was quite closeto the Balck-Sea trade ports and it offered suitable climatic conditions forsilk worms to be brought up, thanks to all these characteristics, Amasyabecame a city, whose silk was preferably in demand after Bursa.The city, which became very famous for its silk weaving in the 16thcentury, started to produce silk upon the banning of Iranian silk anddrew European traders’ attention in the 19th century. Throughout this Dünya iktisat tarihinde uzunca bir süre kendisinden sıklıkla sözettiren değerli bir ticari emtia olan ipek, özellikle 16. ve 17. yüzyıllardagümüşe alternatif olarak beyaz altın diye adlandırılmıştır. Böylece dünyaiktisat ve siyasi tarihine yön vermede önemli unsurlardan biri olmuştur.Osmanlı Devleti’nde ipek üretimi ve dokumacılığının yapıldığışehirlerin başında Bursa gelmektedir. Bu çalışma ile bir başka Osmanlışehri olan Amasya’nın da önemli bir ipek üretim merkezi olduğuaçıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Özellikle İran ticaret yolu üzerinde bulunması,şehzade sancağı merkezi olması, Karadeniz ticaret limanlarına yakınlığı,ikliminin ipekböceği yetiştirilmesine uygunluğu Amasya’yı Bursa’dansonra ipekleri için aranan bir şehir haline getirmiştir.16. yüzyılda ipek dokumaları ile ünlenen şehir, İran ipeğininyasaklanması ile ipek �

Las fronteras de Europa central y oriental

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Michel Sivignon

1997-07-01

Full Text Available The recent relocation of the borders in Europe appears to be part a process strongly by the ancient, theoretically boundaries of now-venished empires (German, AustroHungarian, Russian-Ottoman, but which in recent events have made their influence felt. Here we attempt to give a typology for the new European borders, and to characterize their function.

A New Educational Model and the Crisis of Modern Terminologies: A View of Egypt in the Nineteenth Century

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alSamara, Kinda

2017-01-01

The beginning of modern Arab education coincided with the Arab Awakening in the nineteenth century. The modern educational system witnessed its most important developments in the Arab world, as shown by the case of Egypt, under the Ottoman Empire. Examining a new model of education as shown in the literary sources of the Arab Awakening, one finds…

Osmanlı İdaresinde Kıbrıs Adasında Faaliyet Gösteren Konsoloslar ve Faaliyetleri (1571-1878 The Consuls And Their Activities In Cyprus Under The Ottoman Administration (1571-1878

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Ali Efdal ÖZKUL

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Cyprus has a very important strategic geographic position in theMediterranean and especially in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.Because of this position, Cyprus has attracted an important part of theMediterranean trade in the course of history, and the states in charge oftrade in the Mediterranean Sea, held Cyprus for their different aims.Therefore, nearly all the states that were trading in the lands of theOttoman Empire had merchants on the island. The states which hadembassies in Istanbul used to appoint the consuls, who were theirrepresentatives on the island, to deal with the foreign merchants andtheir problems on the island. These consuls were given power by theOttoman state to enliven the trade. These consuls were given great dealof authority to liven up the trade. In the beginning, the Ottoman Empireonly let these consuls stay in Tuzla district of Cyprus (Larnaca.However, towards the end of the 18th Century and the beginning of the19th Century, the states that had consulates in Cyprus started havingconsulate representatives in Limassol, Famagusta, Paphos and even inNicosia.The most dominant countries, such as England, France andHolland had consuls and consuls’ interpreters in Cyprus. In this study,data will be presented involving details on the identities and activities ofthe consuls and their interpreters as well as the dates they started andended their posts.Trade in the Mediterranean Sea involving Cyprus was deeplyaffecting the Cypriot community and the socio-economic structure inCyprus. This study will focus on the influential port cities in theMediterranean and discuss the dimension of trade in Cyprus. Tradingconflicts’ and contraband activities in the Mediterranean due to therivalry among Western countries such as France, Holland and Englandis also discussed. In addition, different measures taken not to pay theOttomans tariffs and the harm given to the Ottoman economy by thecontraband activities are highlighted.This study focuses

II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi Dozy Reddiyelerinde Yeni Tarih Anlayışı (Mucize ve Miraç Hâdisesinin Değerlendirilmesi / The New Comprehension of History During The Second Institutional Period of Ottoman Era: The Impact of "Essai Sur L’histoire De L’islamisme" of Dozy

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Hasan Yenilmez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The New Comprehension of History During The Second Institutional Period of Ottoman Era: The Impact of "Essai Sur L’histoire De L’islamisme" of Dozy Abstract During the Second Constitutional Period of Ottoman era, the translation movement of positivist and materialist texts from the West affected a number of the Ottoman intellectuals. The effects of these ideological movements could clearly be seen in their works. Following these ideological changes, the Ottoman intellectual’s perceptions towards classical Islamic history has been completely changed. Also, during the constitutional period, the Islamic history literature seems to be demonstrating a different sense of historical approach. It is also observed that during the second constitutional period along with the increased translation activities from the West, Ottoman intellectuals started to accommodate “the scientific historiography” approach. In his translation of Essai Sur L’histoire De L’islamisme, Abdullah Cevdet translated the title as History of Islam and he called Dozy “a complete neutral” and “a product of reasoning”. The majority of Ottoman intellectuals gravely criticized Cevdet’s work at that time. This article describes the works which refuses the works of Cevdet and analyzes how they try to explain  the concepts like “Miracle” and the “Mirac” which are difficult to describe with scientific method. In this context the works of Manastırlı İsmail Hakkı, Nevşehirli Hayreddin, Şehbenderzade Filibeli Ahmed Hilmi  also examined.  II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi Dozy Reddiyelerinde Yeni Tarih Anlayışı (Mucize ve Miraç Hadisesinin Değerlendirilmesi Öz  II. Meşrutiyet döneminde, Batı’dan pozitivizm ve biyolojik materyalizm eksenli metinlerin tercüme edilmeye başlanması, Osmanlı aydınının bu fikrî hareketten etkilenmesine sebep olmuştur. Buna göre Osmanlı aydınının Klasik İslam Tarihi anlayışı tamamen değişmiş, II. Me

Neoosmanism: Turkey between yesterday and tomorrow

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Galijašević Dževad

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Geostrategic integrity of the Balkans and the Danube region and the strategic ambitions of powerful countries that were inherited from previous centuries define the start points of European streams in XX century. German 'drang nach osten', Russian spread to south and an ambition of primate in struggle for the Turkish heredity, Turkish strivings to bring its Empire out of death with reforms, and remain right-sided to Sava-Danube river basin, preserving it as its natural border, and the strivings of Balkan peoples for liberation, shaped geopolitical, strategic and state-legal traits of the phenomenon called 'Eastern question'. The conquests form south east towards north and northwest and vice versa pointed that geostrategic traits of Balkans were not separation and geographic in-connectivity, but connection and permeation, which open strategic ways to domination over the Eurasian knot and warm seas of Mediterranean and Middle East. The fact that Balkans aren't the only connection between Europe and Asia does not lessen their geostrategic and geopolitical importance. On the contrary. This question, that was an eastern one for powerful countries, and one of a life importance for the people of southeast Europe, goes back into deep past. It was formed and a geostrategic position of a whole area that it related to by conflicted interest of people, religions and whole civilizations that faced each others there. However, if looking for a more narrow historical sense of the term Eastern question, we will find it in a collision of Europe and Islamic world, which was brought by Turkish penetration into Europe. During the rise of the Ottoman Empire, it was a matter of survival of European countries that were struck by Ottoman conquest, and after the decline of the Ottoman power it turned into a struggle for Turkish heredity. Today, the Struggle form Ottoman heredity strongly includes Turkey as well. Turkish engagement in a struggle for its own historical

La presse jeune-turque en Égypte et la modernité (1895-1908 Young Turks' Press in Egypt and the Modernity (1895-1908 העיתונות של הטורקים הצעירים במצרים והמודרניזם (1895 עד 1908

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Wajda Sendesni

2012-10-01

Full Text Available L’Égypte devient à la fin du xixe siècle un foyer important du développement de la presse. Des Syriens et des Turcs fuyant la répression du régime hamidien s’y réfugient. Ils publient au Caire des journaux en arabe, en turc ou bilingues dans lesquels ils critiquent le sultan Abdülhamid et son régime et réclament le rétablissement de la constitution ottomane suspendue en 1878. Mais dans ces journaux, on peut aussi déceler un intérêt pour la modernité et le progrès qui apparaît à travers le nombre important d’articles qui y sont consacrés ainsi qu’à la science, à l’éducation, à la littérature, etc. Pour la jeune élite ottomane, plus que du changement de régime, l’avenir de l’Empire dépend de sa capacité à se transformer et à se moderniser car seule la modernité peut le sauver de la chute en permettant une réforme économique et sociale en profondeur.Egypt in the late nineteenth century became an important center of development of the press. Syrians and Turks fleeing the Hamidian repressive regime take refuge there. They publish newspapers in Cairo in Arabic, Turkish or bilingual where they criticize the sultan Abdulhamid and his regime and demand the restoration of the Ottoman constitution suspended in 1877. But in these papers, one can also detect an interest in modernity and progress that appears throw articles on modernity, progress, science, education, literature, etc. For the young Ottoman elite, rather than regime change, the future of the empire depends on its ability to transform and modernize because only modernity can save it from collapse by providing a social and economic reform.

Les sociétés insulaires de la Mer Égée au temps de la domination ottomane. Routes communes et trajectoires séparées

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Dimitris Dimitropoulos

2005-01-01

Full Text Available L'objectif de ce texte est d'identifier les éléments qui ont joué un rôle unificateur et, respectivement, les facteurs qui ont différencié les îles de la mer Égée, pendant la domination ottomane. Il traite notamment du rôle qu'ont joué l'emplacement géographique, l'insularité, et la grandeur de chaque île, dans la formation de leur économie et la constitution des sociétés locales. L'argumentation se concentre surtout sur les petites îles de l'Égée et sur des sujets comme la forme et le type des bourgades, le caractère de leur fortification et son évolution, le rôle et les effets du pouvoir ottoman dans les institutions locales et l'administration communale, le caractère de l'économie insulaire et ses rapports avec la mer, les réseaux de communication entre les insulaires et l'évolution indépendante et particulière de chaque île, les déplacements des populations de et vers les îles, la migration et la mobilité des groupes professionnels à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de la région de l'Égée, et enfin le rôle des monastères dans le développement des réseaux de communication dans l'espace insulaire.

New Routes to Iran’s International Trade in the Safavid Era

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Mohammad Ali Ranjbar

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Safavid era (1501–1729 begins a new age in the history of Iran. With the beginning of the Safavid dynasty in Iran, Albuquerque, a Portuguese general, conquered Hormoz Island in southern Iran. ­Geographical ­discoveries, in general, and bypassing the Cape of Good Hope, in particular, in South Africa, changed traditional trade routes in Iran’s international trade. Under the new conditions that the Ottoman Empire held western areas of overland trade routes, Silk Road and Spice road failed in playing their former roles. On the other side, religious conflicts in the Safavid, Ottoman and Uzbek drew new plan of religious territories influencing road map. This paper tries to explain new map of Iran’s trade routes through ­studying Iran and economic and commercial requirements within 16th century.

The vow of Ivan Crnojević to the Virgin Mary in Loreto under the shadow of the ottoman conquest

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Živković Valentina

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper looks at the circumstances in which Ivan Crnojević, a fifteenth-century ruler of Zeta (historic region in present-day Montenegro, made a vow to the Virgin in a famous pilgrimage shrine, the Santa Casa in Loreto (Italy, where he was in exile fleeing another Ottoman offensive. The focus of the paper is on a few issues which need to be re-examined in order to understand Ivan’s vow against a broader background. His act is analyzed in the context of the symbolic role that the Virgin of Loreto played as a powerful antiturca protectress. On the other hand, much attention is paid to the institutional organization of Slavs (Schiavoni who found refuge in Loreto and nearby towns, which may serve as a basis for a more comprehensive understanding of the process of religious and social adjustment of Orthodox Slav refugees to their new Catholic environment. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 177003: Medieval heritage of the Balkans: institutions and culture

Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in Sanat Hâmiliği / Art Patronage Of Ottoman Sultan Abdulhâmid II

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Ayşe ERSAY YÜKSEL

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Abdulhâmid II and his period (1876–1909 have a special place in Ottoman modernization history. This period is a historical process in which important developments and changes are experienced, especially political, economic, social and cultural fields within the boundaries of both the world and the Ottoman State. In this time, the Sultan tried to cope with very serious problems in different areas of the state. Abdulhâmid made remarkable breakthrough. Abdulhâmid II showed not only his carpentry and wooden mastery, but also how rich his artistic fields are, by painting, by playing the piano at good level, and by ratification it in calligraphy. As a master craftsman, Sultan gave great support to artistic and artistic institutions both financially and spiritually, as a prizewinner in protecting the art, an important aspect of Ottoman state tradition, protecting and supporting artists. His artistic areas, as well as the understanding of the times, have become more modern Western arts than traditional arts. He also led to support the artists, art institutions and art tradition that would make a great contribution to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in the fields of painting, music, calligraphy, architecture, excavation and archeology, museology, collecting, exhibition arrangement, tile, carpet, sculpture, theater, cinema and literature. [TR: Sultan II. Abdülhâmid ve döneminin (1876–1909 Osmanlı modernleşme tarihinde özel bir yeri vardır. Bu dönem, hem dünyada hem de Osmanlı Devleti sınırları içerisinde siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel alanlar başta olmak üzere önemli gelişmelerin ve değişimlerin yaşandığı bir tarihsel süreçtir. Devletin farklı alanlarda, çok ciddi sorunlarla başa çıkmaya çalıştığı bu zaman diliminde tahta çıkan Sultan II. Abdülhâmid, kendi sanatkârlığının ve ideolojisinin sonucu olarak neredeyse bütün sanat alanlarında dikkate değer atılımlar yapm

Ali Emirî'nin Osmanlı Tarih ve Edebiyat Mecmuası Ali Emiri's Ottoman History And Literature Periodicals

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Seher ERDOĞAN ÇELTİK

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Periodicals are the documents which constitute resources for ourhistory. A kind of literary atmosphere forms around the magazines;feuilleton novel, story, poetry, critics and similar literary works cometogether with the reader via these magazines. Founder of the PublicLibrary, Ali Emirî published two literary periodicals named OttomanHistory and Literature and History and Literature which are thesuccessor to each other. Totally comprising of 36 issues, the first ispublished as 31 and the latter is published as 5 issues. During theirpublication years, the periodical constituted highly literary atmosphereand this atmosphere undertook an encoring mission in youth’s literaryworks.In this study, these periodicals are introduced and theircontributions to our literary and cultural life are mentioned.First of all Ali Emirî published Ottoman History and Literatureand History and Literature with the aim of being useful for his countryand nation. Later he aimed to illuminate the information/sources ofabout Ottoman history and literature and correct document mistakes.He also wanted to replay to the works that were published as anopposition for him through the magazine and, including Mehmet FuatKöprülü he criticized many other people and institutions.Ali Emiri introduces Divanu Lügati't-Türk to Turkish world. Hewho travelled a lot because of his occupation and thus he continuouslycollected new information and documents. As he enlarged Emirisometimes introduced this information to the readers. Ettik şeref-i hizmet-i ecdâdı ferâmûşÂsârına eslâfımızın rağbet olunmazBir gün bilinir kıymeti mecmûamın ammâPek çok aranır ortada mecmûa bulunmazSüreli yayınlar, edebiyat tarihimize kaynaklık eden dokümanlardandır. Dergiler çevresinde genelde edebî bir muhit oluşur; tefrika roman, hikâye, şiir, tenkit ve benzeri gibi edebî ürünler onlar vasıtasıyla okuyucusuyla buluşur. Millet Kütüphanesinin kurucusu olan Ali Emir

Şer’iyye Sicillerine Göre Dokuma Ürünleri Fiyat Endeksi ( 1750-1880 Price Index of Weaving Goods According to Ottoman Islamic Records [1750-1880

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Hüsnü YÜCEKAYA

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The phases of industrialization in Ottoman manufacturing andproblems related to them are of the aspects which haven't become clearyet. Among the factors which cause trouble for manufacturers,historians of Ottoman economics have most emphasized the extreme increase in the prices of raw materials . Undoubtedly, in order tounderstand the case, it is necessary to discuss the matter in detail.Which factor had what share on the rise in prices?Was the financialinstability as a result of the changes on the value of the kuruş the mosteffective factor on this case?Or did the inflation as a result of selling rawmaterials to foreign merchants cause the dramatic rise in prices?If oneof these aspects or another aspect which isn't mentioned here waseffective,when did the reflections of this case in Ottoman lands becomeapparent?Lots of questions and problems like these have been facingOttoman economic historians. In this research, certain facts taken fromthe court register become meaningful by making simple index. It isknown that in index studies related with prices in Ottoman Empirewhich were conducted in the past, data related with the food sector wasgenerally used.When the fact that both the şer’iyye registers and thedata related with the weaving sector were not used sufficiently in indexstudies is taken into consideration it will be understood that this indexshall include some interesting results.According to the image reflectedfrom index,prices started to increase after 1750s.However,the sharpestincreases were observed after 1840s.Moreover this increase occured atan increasing speed andrate. Yet,it is known that regulations on thevalue of coin ended after 1844. .Unceasing increase in prices despitethe lack of any changes on the value of the kuruş is a subject on whichdeep analyses should be made. Osmanlı İmalatçılığının endüstrileşme safhaları ve yaşamış olduğu sıkıntılar, bugün hala net olarak berraklaşmayan hususlardand

Sluglett Peter with Weber Stefan (éd., Syria and Bilad al-Sham under Ottoman Rule. Essays in honour of Abdul-Karim Rafeq, Leyde, Brill, 2010, 633 p.

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Catherine Mayeur-Jaouen

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Un an avant le printemps arabe de 2011 qui coïncida avec son quatre-vingtième annniversaire, le grand historien syrien Abdulkarim Rafeq s’était vu offrir en 2010 ce beau volume de Mélanges, fruit d’un colloque tenu en 2004 à Damas et à Beyrouth. La cohérence de l’œuvre de Rafeq (l’histoire du Bilād al-Shām ottoman à travers les archives dont il est un connaisseur hors pair comme le caractère bilingue de sa formation (Collège américain à Alep, Université syrienne à Damas, un doctorat à la SOA...

EZZERELLI Kaïs, Diplomatie occidentale et dissidence arabe. La France coloniale et le mouvement arabiste en Syrie ottomane (1912-1914), Tunis, Dar al-Wasla, 2014

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d’Andurain, Julie

2017-01-01

Le dernier ouvrage de Kaïs Ezzerelli, publié par la toute jeune maison d’édition Dar Al-Wasla à Tunis, porte sur la diplomatie occidentale, et plus particulièrement française, face au mouvement arabiste en Syrie ottomane juste avant la Grande Guerre. C’est un travail sérieux, minutieux et de ce fait tout à fait précieux. À partir de travaux scientifiques précédents et d’archives issues du fonds « Nouvelle Série » Turquie du ministère français des Affaires étrangères, l’auteur présente la séri...

The Spies and the Gran Turco (XVI Century

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Gennaro Varriale

2016-04-01

Full Text Available This present essay focuses on the information that Hispanic spies collected in the Levant during the sixteenth-century. Based on archival and literary sources, the study is built around the typical structure of a lyric opera to show the worth of the secret correspondence such as archetype of European perception about the Ottoman Empire and, more generally, about all the Islam.

What Does 14th March Mean to Us

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Şerife Mehlika Kuşkonmaz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This short review aims to give a summary of modernization in medical education in the last century of Ottoman Empire in spite of the inevitable decline in economics and politics and to draw a link to March 14th which is first celebrated in 1919 by medical students of Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Şahane as a protest to the occupation of Istanbul.

CONTEMPORARY USAGE OF TRADITIONAL TURKISH MOTIFS IN PRODUCT DESIGNS

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Tulay Gumuser

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study is to identify the traditional Turkish motifs and its relations among present industrial designs. Traditional Turkish motifs played a very important role in 16th century onwards. The arts of the Ottoman Empire were used because of their symbolic meanings and unique styles. When we examine these motifs we encounter; Tiger Stripe, Three Spot (Çintemani, Rumi, Hatayi, Penç, Cloud, Crescent, Star, Crown, Hyacinth, Tulip and Carnation motifs. Nowadays, Turkish designers have begun to use these traditional Turkish motifs in their designs so as to create differences and awareness in the world design. The examples of these industrial designs, using the Turkish motifs, have survived and have Ottoman heritage and historical value. In this study, the Turkish motifs will be examined along with their focus on contemporary Turkish industrial designs used today.

II. Abdülhamit İstanbul’unda Yabancı Okullara Genel Bakış / General Overview of Foreign Schools in Istanbul during Sultan Abdulhamit II

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Zeki Tekin

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract The presence of foreign schools in Ottoman lands goes back to the classical periods of the Ottoman Empire. Foreign schools, whose presence was not given importance and formed solely for the needs of the foreign people, ultimately took an important and dangerous situation as the Ottoman Empire evolved into various political stages as time passed. During and after the Tanzimat Reforms, after which the power balance changed against the Ottoman Empire, the fact that missionary activities increased in the religious, cultural and educational fields for the non-Muslim people increased the polarizations and started a wave of separatism among the non-Muslim public. Foreseeing the danger Abdulhamit II took urgent and rapid precautions, making progresses in education all over the empire primarily in Istanbul. However, these efforts were not sufficient and the foreign schools established by the missionaries continued dangerous political and social activities both in quality and effect. We wanted to take attention to the consequences of these foreign schools which took an important part in the fate of a nation. Öz Yabancı okulların Osmanlı topraklarındaki mevcudiyeti Osmanlı’nın klasik dönemlerine kadar gitmektedir. İlk evrelerinde varlığı pek önemsenmeyen ve tamamen yabancı teba için bir ihtiyaç olarak ortaya çıkan yabancı okullar, ilerleyen süreçler içerisinde Osmanlı Devleti’nin geldiği siyasal seviyeye bağlı olarak fevkalade önemli ve tehlikeli bir hal almıştı. Güç dengelerinin Osmanlı aleyhine geliştiği Tanzimat ve sonrası dönemlerde gayr-i müslim tebaya dönük dini, kültürel ve eğitim alanlarında misyonerlik faaliyetlerinin yoğunlaşması toplumsal kutuplaşmaları artırmış ve gayr-ı müslim topluluklar üzerinde ayrılıkçı rüzgarlar estirmiştir. Tehlikenin büyüklüğünü gören II. Abdülhamit acil ve seri tedbirler almış başta İstanbul olmak üzere imparatorluğun her yerinde e

Osmanlı Tekke Mutfak Kültürü ve Mecmuâ-i Fevâid / The Ottoman Dervish Lodge Cuisine and Majmūʿa al-fawāʾid

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Güldane

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The dervish lodge cuisine in the Ottoman lodge structuring has a central importance. The lodge cuisine helped Anatolia turn into a homeland. Travelers took shelter in the lodges in Anatolia. So, these buildings were a safe haven for those who travel. Lodge’s kitchens were always open. These kitchens offered a delightful “Sheikh Baba’s Soup” anytime and these kitchens gave peace and serenity to Anatolia. This article analyzes the Ottoman lodge food culture in the context of a manuscript which belongs to an imaret. This manuscript called Majmūʿa al-fawāʾid was written in between 1240-1250 (1825-1835 in Istanbul. This work belongs to the period of Sultan Mahmud II and the Hudāyī Lodge Foundation. Institution Employees and accounting records were disclosed in this manuscript in which the names of kitchenware are mentioned and recipes are found. This work gives detailed information about foods that are cooked in the Hudāyī Lodge Foundation’s imaret kitchen. SUMMARY Eating is thought always to be important and it is considered worthwhile to eat with guests and travelers in Turkish culture. In the process of Islamization, the dining table was accepted “Halil İbrahim’s Table” and this approach has strengthened further the hospitality. Eating with people, preparing the table for the guests, travelers and the needy were regarded as a factor increasing the fertility of the table. In addition, these movements were considered an act of social cooperation and deepen the collective consciousness. Especially the sufis played a dominant role in the process of Islamization in Anatolia and depending on this, they undertook various social and cultural functions that including catering. In this regard, the lodge was seen as a complex and this structure encompasses different units such as imaret or soup kitchen, mosque, tomb, library, dervish cells, public fountains, bakery and bathhouse. Travelers stay in the imaret and supply their needs

KENIZÉ MOURAD AND EARLY MIDDLE EASTERN FEMINISM

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Irina Armianu

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This article explores the waning days of the Ottoman Empire and emergence of the modern state system in the early twentieth century Levant from the purview of Kenizé Mourad's self-narrative Regards from the Dead Princess: Novel of a Life.  A work of history and literary fiction, Mourad's novel is an account of the last remnants of a secular Levantine culture, the story of a crumbling empire, and the personal tale of a young woman and her exiled imperial family strewn about the continents, torn between Lebanon, Europe, and the Indian subcontinent.

الاسبلة(السقايا في ولاية بغداد خلال العهد العثماني (دراسة تاريخية Sabils (alskaia in Baghdad during Ottoman age (Historical Study

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Ali Kamel Hamza Al Sarhan علي كامل حمزة السرحان

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The most popular types of installations sabils charity known Ottoman and Islamic architecture, and was intended to provide fresh drinking water every day and all year round for use in watering people, so many properties have been discontinued for Exchange and are taken care of, and the origin of the way Exchange manages well off to add some decorative and architectural elements that lend the place pleasant and beautiful and gives a clear picture of the event and the place of origin. It was a direct cause of the religious factor in building sabilsin Baghdad during Ottoman age to provide people with free water where the corner allocation method sabils in religious buildings, particularly in mosques, schools, hospices and other shrines or adopt independently.

Area Handbook Series: Iraq: A Country Study

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1988-05-01

also was killed after attempting to escape disguised as a veiled woman . In the ensuing mob demonstrations against the old order, angry crowds severely...the Mid- dle Ages. 86 The Society and Its Environment The Ottoman Empire organized society around the concept of the millet , or autonomous religious...major industry subsectors, such as spinning and weaving, chemicals, and engineering. Factory managers were given some autonomy, and an effort was made

The Choice: Social Representation and the Formation of the Hellenic Armed Forces

Science.gov (United States)

2008-12-01

greatly driven by the French Revolution (1789), as the Greek Revolution against the Ottoman Empire took place in 1821. Jean Jacques Rousseau, who...enlightened the French Revolution with his ideas on the democratic government and society, also helped the Greeks...had the courage to stand up. All the rest were staring at the doctor, as if they were not there, but they were seeing a cinema -film instead

Intractability and Mediation of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict

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2013-12-01

Ottoman Empire.71 The newly formed diet had its first order of business in early March in reaction to the recently signed Brest -Litovsk Treaty...Karabakh should belong to Azerbaijan.90 Early the next year the Paris Peace Conference, upholding an earlier Entente policy, affirmed Azerbaijan’s...right to govern Karabakh.91 Based on the outcome in Paris , Sultanov attempted to incorporate Karabakh into Azerbaijan. The Eighth Assembly of

Salnamelere Göre XIX. Yüzyılda Kırşehir Sancağı Hakkında Bilgiler (1873-1910) (Coğrafyası, Tarihi, Nüfusu, Nahiye ve Kazaları)
According Yearbooks XIX. Information about Century Ensign Kırşehir (1873-1910) (Geography, History, Population, Canton and Accidents)

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Ahmet GÜNDÜZ

2012-01-01

In this study, first at the entrance of what is yearbook? Yearbooks features, among them information about the different names they are issued for different purposes. Looking at the contents of Yearbooks on the date of issue of the Ottoman Empire, administrative organization, institutions, personal biographies, scientific, economic, political, military, cultural and other fields comprise the important information. Even the tombs of the hoist, lodges, mosques, public buildings, shops, places t...

Empirical data and moral theory. A plea for integrated empirical ethics.

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Molewijk, Bert; Stiggelbout, Anne M; Otten, Wilma; Dupuis, Heleen M; Kievit, Job

2004-01-01

Ethicists differ considerably in their reasons for using empirical data. This paper presents a brief overview of four traditional approaches to the use of empirical data: "the prescriptive applied ethicists," "the theorists," "the critical applied ethicists," and "the particularists." The main aim of this paper is to introduce a fifth approach of more recent date (i.e. "integrated empirical ethics") and to offer some methodological directives for research in integrated empirical ethics. All five approaches are presented in a table for heuristic purposes. The table consists of eight columns: "view on distinction descriptive-prescriptive sciences," "location of moral authority," "central goal(s)," "types of normativity," "use of empirical data," "method," "interaction empirical data and moral theory," and "cooperation with descriptive sciences." Ethicists can use the table in order to identify their own approach. Reflection on these issues prior to starting research in empirical ethics should lead to harmonization of the different scientific disciplines and effective planning of the final research design. Integrated empirical ethics (IEE) refers to studies in which ethicists and descriptive scientists cooperate together continuously and intensively. Both disciplines try to integrate moral theory and empirical data in order to reach a normative conclusion with respect to a specific social practice. IEE is not wholly prescriptive or wholly descriptive since IEE assumes an interdepence between facts and values and between the empirical and the normative. The paper ends with three suggestions for consideration on some of the future challenges of integrated empirical ethics.

FROM DYNASTIC TO REPUBLIC PERIODS IN TURKEY, THE DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL UTILITY FROM PUBLIC LIBRARIES: A COMPARISON BETWEEN 1897 AND 2000 HANEDANLIKTAN CUMHURİYETE HALK KÜTÜPHANELERİNDEN SAĞLANAN SOSYAL FAYDANIN DEMOGRAFİK ANALİZİ: 1897 VE 2000 MUKAYESESİ

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Murat ÇİFTÇİ

2010-04-01

Full Text Available This paper looks at long-term change of inter-regional human utility from books in public libraries between Ottoman and Modern Turkey. Using data from the first statistical yearbook of the Ottoman Empire for dynastic period and TUIK web side for republic period and applying method is based on Atkinson inequality index. It is shown that the inter-regional social utility from books in public libraries has improved sharply between two periods. In addition, the findings indicate that there was not a central public policy of Ottoman Empire for librarianship different from today. Bu çalışma, halk kütüphanelerindeki kitap arzının bölgelerarası dağıtımında ele edilen sosyal faydanın Osmanlı ve modern Türkiye arasındaki uzun dönemli değişimi konu almıştır. Uygulamada kullanılan veriler Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun ilk istatistik yıllığı ve Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun web sitesinden alınmış olup uygulama yöntemi Atkinson eşitsizlik endeksine dayanmaktadır. Uygulama sonuçları, iki dönem arasında kitap arzının bölgelerarası dağıtımından sağlanan sosyal faydanın keskin şekilde iyileştiğini göstermektedir. Buna ek olarak, bulgular günümüzün aksine Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun kütüphanecikle ilgili merkezi bir kamu politikasının bulunmadığını işaret etmektedir.

Venetian Diplomacy and the Great Horde in the 1470’s.

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V.P. Gulevich

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Objective: To investigate Republic of San Marco’s attempts to engage the Great Horde Tatars in war against the Ottoman Empire and find out their consequences. Research materials: The research based on archive documents published in Venice, the Annals of Jan Długosz, the chronicles of the Northeast Russia, as well as Turkish-Horde diplomatic correspondence materials. Results and scientific novelty: After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the trading posts of Venice, in the Black and Azov seas were under the greatest threat. They had not enough forces in Venice for the war with the Ottomans. The Venetian Senate was constantly searching for allies to create an anti-Ottoman coalition. In addition to European countries, Venice saw the Ak-Koyunlu and the Great Horde among them. Drawing the Polish Kingdom into the war failed, and the Ak-Koynulu was defeated by the Turks. In this connection, the Venetian Senate paid particular attention to the Great Horde. But many objective factors prevented the successful implementation of Venetian plans, such as: the distance from the Great Horde to Venice and the Balkans, the reluctance of the Polish king Casimir IV giving a way to the Great Horde Tatars through his land, suspicion of the Moscow ruler Ivan III, and the Venetians erroneous assessment of Ahmad Khan’s desires and possibilities. The situation was complicated for the Venetians by the rapidly changing setting in the northern Black Sea region due to the Ottoman wars in the mid–1470’s against the Moldavian principality, their seizure of southern coast of the Crimea and the subordination of the Crimean Khanate. Ahmad Khan’s ambassadors’ arrival in Venice was unable to accelerate the implementation of the Venetian Senate plans. Furthermore, in the 1470’s, Ottoman diplomacy did not leave without attention the northern Black Sea region and after a long break regained embassies exchange with the Great Horde. Venetian diplomats’ reinforced

The National Liberation Struggle of the Balkan Peoples and the Crimean War

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Elena V. Belova

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The article examines the stages of the national liberation struggle of the peoples of South- Eastern Europe against the Ottoman Empire. The Russian Empire supported the Christian population and helped the southern Slavs and the Greeks to get free from the Ottoman dependency. But Emperor Nicholas I opposed the revolution. The 1850s were marked by the strained political and economic relations between Russia, Turkey, Britain, France and other European States. The Bulgarian and the Greek bourgeoisie had moved from enlightment activity to the political one. Bulgarians, Serbs, Moldovans, Greeks joined the volunteers and defended national interests with the weapon in hands. During the Crimean war the Russian command created military units on the territory of the Danubian principalities. Volunteers fought on the Danube, in Moldavia and Wallachia, and the Crimea. They protected the borders, defended the bastions of Sevastopol. The subject of the research is the organization of volunteer groups, national and social composition of the groups. The role of volunteers was of an exclusive political significance. The number of volunteers in the ranks of Russian troops was insignificant. But the volunteers were guides of Russian policy in the Turkish lands. They represented the fighting core.

Kosovo’s Crisis: Genesis of a Problem

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2013-03-01

1913 it attacked the Serbian forces. The Second Balkan War also involved Greece and Romania . For a short period, Bulgaria was defeated and it lost...formal declaration of war, attacked Serbia in June 1913, and the Second Balkan War began. Serbia, Montenegro, Romania , Greece and the Ottoman Empire...Serbian army was reorganized, and, after three months, it was sent to the Thessaloniki front. After a breakthrough at the front on September 14, 1918

Ideology Has No Borders: Why We Need a Containment-Plus Strategy for the Islamic State

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2015-04-01

Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire into British and French territories.24 Provinces of Mosul, Baghdad, and Basra, once separated by ethnicity...War 54 Humphrys, Cinema and the War: List of movie “bad guys” 55 Transcript: President Obama’s Speech on Combating ISIS and Terrorism 56 Ibid 57...Humphrys, Mark. Cinema and the War-List of movie “bad guys.” Blog. http://markhumphrys.com/cinema.bad.guys.html (accessed 5 April 2015). Huntington

Henry Morgenthau's voice in history.

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Steiner, Pamela

2015-01-01

Henry Morgenthau (1856-1946) distinguished himself as the U.S. Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, 1913-1916, and as the chairman of the League of Nations Refugee Settlement Commission (RSC) for Greece, 1923-24. I describe aspects of his early life that shaped the man he became, his accomplishments in these two posts, and his feelings about himself over time. At the end I briefly describe his attitude toward a possible Jewish state in Palestine.

An Appraisal of U.S. Security Assistance to Turkey Between 1950 and 1992

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1994-06-01

and the West has given it a unique opportunity to combine both cultures . Since the days of the Ottoman Empire, geopolitical factors have largely...But this is not the entire story. Turkey’s socio-economic improvement is another agent in the shaping of this relationship. 2. Socio- economia ...West and especially the U.S. In spite of its historical, religious, and cultural ties to the Middle East, Turkey again showed its support for the

Empirical psychology, common sense, and Kant's empirical markers for moral responsibility.

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Frierson, Patrick

2008-12-01

This paper explains the empirical markers by which Kant thinks that one can identify moral responsibility. After explaining the problem of discerning such markers within a Kantian framework I briefly explain Kant's empirical psychology. I then argue that Kant's empirical markers for moral responsibility--linked to higher faculties of cognition--are not sufficient conditions for moral responsibility, primarily because they are empirical characteristics subject to natural laws. Next. I argue that these markers are not necessary conditions of moral responsibility. Given Kant's transcendental idealism, even an entity that lacks these markers could be free and morally responsible, although as a matter of fact Kant thinks that none are. Given that they are neither necessary nor sufficient conditions, I discuss the status of Kant's claim that higher faculties are empirical markers of moral responsibility. Drawing on connections between Kant's ethical theory and 'common rational cognition' (4:393), I suggest that Kant's theory of empirical markers can be traced to ordinary common sense beliefs about responsibility. This suggestion helps explain both why empirical markers are important and what the limits of empirical psychology are within Kant's account of moral responsibility.

Pierre Prins, Une histoire inconnue de l’Afrique centrale (1895-1899)

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Duma, Jean

2015-01-01

Un regard de « colonisateur » Entre novembre 1884 et février 1885 se tient la conférence de Berlin. Quinze pays y participent, pour l’essentiel appartenant à la vieille Europe, mais sont aussi présents l’Empire ottoman et les États-Unis. Il s’agit pour les participants de se partager l’Afrique où les grands empires traditionnels sont en crise face à la poussée d’une présence coloniale de plus en plus affirmée. La France, pour sa part, dans sa rivalité avec l’Angleterre témoigne d’un grand int...

Tuberculosis in the Ottoman harem in the 19th century.

Science.gov (United States)

Baris, Y Izzetin; Hillerdal, Gunnar

2009-08-01

At least four of the sultans who ruled during the 19th century suffered from tuberculosis (TB), and probably many of the women and children in the harem too. Life there was crowded with low standards of hygiene, resulting in high mortality, especially among children. Infectious diseases were the main killers and TB was one of the many factors behind the decline and fall of the empire.

GLORIOUS DISCOURSES AND COMPLETE IGNORANCE: STUDENT PERCEPTION ON CANTEMIR’S WORK

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Maria CERNAT

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Although the works of Dimitrie Cantemir and his son Antiloh are consideed among the most important in the fields of history and litterature, nowadays it is hard to find a research initiative or a research program specialized in the study of Dimitrie Cantemir’s work. It is the indisputable merit of a Romanian born historian like Stefan Lemny to offer a very complex and profound account on the life and work of Dimitrie and Antioh Cantemir. But, like other remarkable efforts, this is an individual research. It is my intention to focus on the recent works regarding the life and work of Dimitrie Cantemir in order to prove that beside the moments of celebration there is little or no interest in the work of this remarkable Romanian intellectual. I parallel this situation with the information students have on Dimitrie Cantemir. In the first section of my article I shall focus on how much information on Cantemir do our students rely have. Thus I shall make an empirical research questioning the students of the first year on the most common facts about Cantemir’s work and life. In the second section of my article, I shall try to answer questions like how many volumes having as main subject matter the works of Cantemir have been published recently. In what branches of science the works of Cantemir have been mostly analyzed? What is the ratio between the works concerning his personality and those concerning specific topics in specific works of Dimitrie Cantemir.

Russian Build-Up on the Black Sea and Recommendations for U.S.-NATO Counter-Strategy

Science.gov (United States)

2017-03-01

the Mediterranean and the greater world by Russia. In 1841 in London the great powers of Europe—Russia, United Kingdom, France , Austria and Prussia—as...next decade, becoming one of the causes of the Crimean War (1853–1856).4 In 1850 some disputes arose between the Orthodox and the Roman Catholic ...the Turkish fleet near Sinop, in the Black Sea. France , the British Empire, and Sardinia sided with the Ottomans. War was fought on the Black Sea as

The Forging of National States on the Anvil of War

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Dželal Ibraković

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The progress of Western countries and the colonization of oil-rich Muslim countries clustered within the Ottoman Empire, which was located in the controlled agony of the new geo-strategic and technological processes, produced a turbulent beginning of the 20th century. The establishment of nation states has jeopardized the survival of monarchies such as Austro-Hungary, Russia, and others. The battle for the new, above all, European order signified the World War, in political science but also in historiography, and it established the principle that the term “world” war refers to the conflicts waged in Europe. The First World War was the site scene of the disappearance of the great empires and also the definite disappearance of the juncture of state and religion, as well as suppression of religion and other monarchist structures into new paradigms such as the nation-state, democracy and secularization. On the contrary, it opened the opportunity for the development of totalitarian regimes - socialism and Nazism - created precisely in Europe. Muslim-majority countries were colonized and brought to a vassal state, and their rich natural resources were enslaved. The principle of the nation state was imposed upon them by imperial methods and brutal clashes with opponents, aiming to eliminate in the long term any significant force since the overthrow of the Ottoman Empire and the attempts to destroy Turkey completely. Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Balkans emerge as a collateral damage that lasts even in the 21st century.

Former Us President Ulysses Grant’s Turkey Visit under the Shadow of San Stefano Treaty

OpenAIRE

SÖNMEZ, Ali

2013-01-01

Ottoman-US relations began at the last quarter of the 18th century and continued amicably for about a century during which the Ottomans pursued a policy to ensure the US support or at least neutrality concerning their problems with European states. During this phase of Ottoman-American relations, former US president Ulysses Simpson Grant (President between 1869-1877) visited the Ottoman capital between 1-6 March 1878. The visit coincided with gloomy days shortly after the Ottoman defeat in th...

Inglorious Empire

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Khair, Tabish

2017-01-01

Review of 'Inglorious Empire: What the British did to India' by Shashi Tharoor, London, Hurst Publishers, 2017, 296 pp., £20.00......Review of 'Inglorious Empire: What the British did to India' by Shashi Tharoor, London, Hurst Publishers, 2017, 296 pp., £20.00...

British military operation at Sheikh Sa‘id in the First World War

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Abdol Rauh Yaccob

2017-09-01

Full Text Available It is a difficult task to measure the importance of South West Arabia to the Ottomans and the British prior to and during World War I. Early history of imperial expansion in the area which followed by constant conflicts and involved a considerable amount of diplomacy and intrigues with the natives may suggest that South West Arabia was considered as equally as important to other areas within the empire. However from the beginning of the 20th century South West Arabia was considered something of a backwater. It may also be observed that during the First World War the position of South West Arabia to these powers in relation to other war theatres remained practically the same except in the episodes of British action at Sheikh Said and the Ottomans advance at Lahej. The Indian authorities who believed that the Ottomans were contemplating a move to Sheikh Sa‘id with the aim of acting against British Perim with the telegraphic communication, convoys and shipping, only two miles away, took the opportunity of the movement of the troops through the Red Sea to attack the fort of Sheikh Sa‘id. The action was quickly taken before obtaining official approval from the Admiralty and the India Office in London. The action was taken due to the persistent reports of the Ottoman reinforcement with guns had been sent to Sheikh Sa‘id, further to take advantage of the presence of transports with troops for Egypt. Subsequently future military operations at Sheikh Sa‘id and the Red Sea appeared to dominate the discussions among the authorities at the India Office, the Admiralty, the Indian authorities and the Resident at Aden throughout the war without materializing any further military action.

THE MEDIEVAL AND OTTOMAN HAMMAMS OF ALGERIA; ELEMENTS FOR A HISTORICAL STUDY OF BATHS ARCHITECTURE IN NORTH AFRICA

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Nabila Cherif-Seffadj

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Algerian medinas (Islamic cities have several traditional public baths (hammams. However, these hammams are the least known in the Maghreb countries. The first French archaeological surveys carried out on Islamic monuments and sites in Algeria, have found few historic baths in medieval towns. All along the highlands route, from Algiers (capital city of Algeria located in the North to Tlemcen (city in the Western part of Algeria, these structures are found in all the cities founded after the Islamic religion expanded in the Western North Africa. These buildings are often associated to large mosques. In architectural history, these baths illustrate original spatial and organizational compositions under form proportions, methods of construction, ornamental elements and the technical skills of their builders. The ancient traditions of bathing interpreted in this building type are an undeniable legacy. They are present through architectural typology and technical implementation reflecting the important architectural heritage of the great Roman cities in Algeria. Furthermore, these traditions and buildings evolved through different eras. Master builders, who left Andalusia to seek refuge in the Maghreb countries, added the construction and ornamentation skills and techniques brought from Muslim Spain, while the Ottomans contribution in the history of many urban cities is important. Hence, the dual appellation of the hammam as “Moorish bath” and “Turkish bath” in Algeria is the perfect illustration of the evolution of bath architecture in Algeria.

The development of artificial organs and prostheses worldwide and in the Ottoman Empire.

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Birdane, Leman; Cingi, Cemal; Elçioğlu, Ömür; Muluk, Nuray Bayar

2016-08-01

An artificial organ or prosthesis is a man-made device that is implanted or integrated into a human to replace a natural organ. There were many historical steps in the development of artificial organs and prostheses. New surgical techniques, the development of prosthetic materials and the creative ideas of engineers led to progress in this field. © The European Society of Cardiology 2014.

Reflective equilibrium and empirical data: third person moral experiences in empirical medical ethics.

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De Vries, Martine; Van Leeuwen, Evert

2010-11-01

In ethics, the use of empirical data has become more and more popular, leading to a distinct form of applied ethics, namely empirical ethics. This 'empirical turn' is especially visible in bioethics. There are various ways of combining empirical research and ethical reflection. In this paper we discuss the use of empirical data in a special form of Reflective Equilibrium (RE), namely the Network Model with Third Person Moral Experiences. In this model, the empirical data consist of the moral experiences of people in a practice. Although inclusion of these moral experiences in this specific model of RE can be well defended, their use in the application of the model still raises important questions. What precisely are moral experiences? How to determine relevance of experiences, in other words: should there be a selection of the moral experiences that are eventually used in the RE? How much weight should the empirical data have in the RE? And the key question: can the use of RE by empirical ethicists really produce answers to practical moral questions? In this paper we start to answer the above questions by giving examples taken from our research project on understanding the norm of informed consent in the field of pediatric oncology. We especially emphasize that incorporation of empirical data in a network model can reduce the risk of self-justification and bias and can increase the credibility of the RE reached. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Empirical research in medical ethics: How conceptual accounts on normative-empirical collaboration may improve research practice

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

Background The methodology of medical ethics during the last few decades has shifted from a predominant use of normative-philosophical analyses to an increasing involvement of empirical methods. The articles which have been published in the course of this so-called 'empirical turn' can be divided into conceptual accounts of empirical-normative collaboration and studies which use socio-empirical methods to investigate ethically relevant issues in concrete social contexts. Discussion A considered reference to normative research questions can be expected from good quality empirical research in medical ethics. However, a significant proportion of empirical studies currently published in medical ethics lacks such linkage between the empirical research and the normative analysis. In the first part of this paper, we will outline two typical shortcomings of empirical studies in medical ethics with regard to a link between normative questions and empirical data: (1) The complete lack of normative analysis, and (2) cryptonormativity and a missing account with regard to the relationship between 'is' and 'ought' statements. Subsequently, two selected concepts of empirical-normative collaboration will be presented and how these concepts may contribute to improve the linkage between normative and empirical aspects of empirical research in medical ethics will be demonstrated. Based on our analysis, as well as our own practical experience with empirical research in medical ethics, we conclude with a sketch of concrete suggestions for the conduct of empirical research in medical ethics. Summary High quality empirical research in medical ethics is in need of a considered reference to normative analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate how conceptual approaches of empirical-normative collaboration can enhance empirical research in medical ethics with regard to the link between empirical research and normative analysis. PMID:22500496

Francesco Algarotti’s Account of the Crimea

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N.I. Khrapunov

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Research objectives: This paper analysis the account of Crimea’s situation in the second quarter of the eighteenth century, collected by a famous Italian scholar and traveller, Francesco Algarotti. Research materials: Algarotti’s book of “Russian Travels” (or “An Essay of Russia in Letters” supplies this account in relation to the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739. Algarotti’s work is a valuable, albeit poorly studied, source on the history of the Crimean Khanate and imaginary geographies of the Crimean Peninsula. Research novelty and results: The Italian scholar collected information from writings of European travellers and armchair researchers, and also used the results of his communication to Russian military and civil officers during his visit to Saint Petersburg in 1739. Apart from the description of military operations, the sources supply various data regarding the political and economic geography of the Crimean Khanate, and details regarding Crimean Tatar ethnography and military tradition. Algarotti’s book was popular among his contemporaries, and thus is interesting both as a source of factual information and as a reflection of notions rooted in public consciousness. The author appears to hold an ideology typical of the Europeans in the Age of the Enlightenment, filled with stereotypes and the typical apprehension of Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and Crimean Tatars. The Italians understood Crimea as a borderland between the “civilization” and “barbarism,” a key point in the struggle between Christian Europe and the Muslim Ottoman Empire. Potentially the most important power in Europe, which saw its mission to push forward reforms inspired by Enlightenment ideas, Russia directed its interests precisely at Crimea. Algarotti viewed the victory over Crimea, and the successive expulsion of the Ottomans from Europe, in a positive light as Russia’s historical mission. Generally, the Italian author’s book presents us

Abortion in Turkey: a matter of state, family or individual decision.

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Gürsoy, A

1996-02-01

This paper gives a historical, international and cultural outlook on the debate related to the 1982 legalization of abortion in the modern democratic republic of Turkey. A belief that the country is under-populated and subsequent pro-natalist concerns of the turn of the century seem to have strongly influenced the legal prohibition of abortion. The paper first discusses the widespread social practice and the permissive attitudes towards abortion in the late Ottoman Empire and in contemporary Turkey. The contrast between the above social situation and until recently the strict, non-permissive religious and secular attitudes are presented with a discussion of the effects of the westernization and secularization processes in the late Ottoman Empire. Moral concerns and judgements regarding abortion seem to have penetrated Ottoman society as part of the above processes beginning in the nineteenth century. The present day official religious interpretations seem to conform with the more conservative Islamic schools of thought rather than the more liberal Islamic interpretations. Furthermore, the 1982 laws which legalize abortion until the eight week of pregnancy consider family planning to be a family issue and bring the restriction of making married women have their husband's permission before preceding with abortion. As such, the present legal platform opens to question the rationales and population control motives behind the law and the importance of who it is that can make the decision to proceed with abortion. Thus, in the last 70 years a historical and ideological progression can be discerned in the line of assuming first the state and then the family to have decision making legitimacy as regards reproductive choices. Today, the platform of radical discussion has shifted to evaluating the importance of individual women in making this reproductive choice. In this context, in conclusion, the paper discussed the rationale and the logic behind and the implications for

Empirical Philosophy of Science

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mansnerus, Erika; Wagenknecht, Susann

2015-01-01

knowledge takes place through the integration of the empirical or historical research into the philosophical studies, as Chang, Nersessian, Thagard and Schickore argue in their work. Building upon their contributions we will develop a blueprint for an Empirical Philosophy of Science that draws upon...... qualitative methods from the social sciences in order to advance our philosophical understanding of science in practice. We will regard the relationship between philosophical conceptualization and empirical data as an iterative dialogue between theory and data, which is guided by a particular ‘feeling with......Empirical insights are proven fruitful for the advancement of Philosophy of Science, but the integration of philosophical concepts and empirical data poses considerable methodological challenges. Debates in Integrated History and Philosophy of Science suggest that the advancement of philosophical...

What 'empirical turn in bioethics'?

Science.gov (United States)

Hurst, Samia

2010-10-01

Uncertainty as to how we should articulate empirical data and normative reasoning seems to underlie most difficulties regarding the 'empirical turn' in bioethics. This article examines three different ways in which we could understand 'empirical turn'. Using real facts in normative reasoning is trivial and would not represent a 'turn'. Becoming an empirical discipline through a shift to the social and neurosciences would be a turn away from normative thinking, which we should not take. Conducting empirical research to inform normative reasoning is the usual meaning given to the term 'empirical turn'. In this sense, however, the turn is incomplete. Bioethics has imported methodological tools from empirical disciplines, but too often it has not imported the standards to which researchers in these disciplines are held. Integrating empirical and normative approaches also represents true added difficulties. Addressing these issues from the standpoint of debates on the fact-value distinction can cloud very real methodological concerns by displacing the debate to a level of abstraction where they need not be apparent. Ideally, empirical research in bioethics should meet standards for empirical and normative validity similar to those used in the source disciplines for these methods, and articulate these aspects clearly and appropriately. More modestly, criteria to ensure that none of these standards are completely left aside would improve the quality of empirical bioethics research and partly clear the air of critiques addressing its theoretical justification, when its rigour in the particularly difficult context of interdisciplinarity is what should be at stake.

Balkan Wars in Social Studies and History Course Books Instructed at Primary and Secondary Education between 1997 and 2012 Years

OpenAIRE

KÖSE, Meliha

2014-01-01

1912-1913 Balkan Wars ended with important social, economical, cultural and political results for both Southeast Europe and Ottoman Empire. It is a significant turning point for the history of Turkey as well as World History. Balkan Wars had important effects on from dawn of Modern Turkey to starting of national struggle war and coming fore of national identity wars. That’s why It is a point to be emphasized how Balkan Wars are taught in both Turkish and Balkan history books. Primary educatio...

THE TRAGEDY OF THE ROMANIANS IN 1812, A PREMEDITATED ACT

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Corneliu - Mihail LUNGU

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The present study deals with the tragedy undergone by the Romanians in 1812, which was by no means a random occurrence. On the contrary, it can be considered the result of a long expansionist policy of Tsarist Russia. The severance from Moldavia of the territory between the Dniester and the Prut rivers was also due to the tolerant attitude of the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires combined with the compromises made by o ther great powers such as France, England and Prussia.

Population Transplant From Adana After Peace Operations Carried Out In Cyprus (1975-1976)

OpenAIRE

Erdem ÇANAK

2015-01-01

Ottoman Empire ruled Cyprus between the years 1571-1878, in 1878 with Treaty of Lausanne was officially passed to England temporarily. Greeks who want to take advantage of this situation, gave fresh impetus to activities for“Enosis” . This process which led to the struggle for existence of Turks in the island and has resulted Peace Operation in 1974. However, Turks emigrated to different parts of the world, mainly toTurkey due to the pressure that they are exposed in the period leading up to ...

Eşkıya, Devlet ve Siyaset: Maraş Eyâleti Örneğinde Bazı Aşiret, Cemaat ve Taifelerin Eşkıyalık Faaliyetleri ve Bunların Merkez-Taşra Yazışmalarındaki Yansımaları (1590-1750 Bandits, State and Politics: Banditry Activities of Some Tribal, Community And Tribal People and Their Reflections in Central-Provincial Correspondance in the Province of Maraş, C. 1590-1750s

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Süleyman DEMİRCİ

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Bandit means an armed thief who is usually a member of a band.Banditry, often by force or otherwise cause a gun raided a trowel cut,rape, defined as a violation of public order and safety. By focusing onthe archival sources held in İstanbul. This article intends to examinesome tribal, communal and tribal peoples’ banditry activities. Moreover,the politics of the Ottoman Empire against banditry & bandits underthe context of central-periphery relations in the Ottoman province ofMaras from the late sixteenth to mid- eighteenth centuries will bestudied.In the last quarter of the sixteenth century, the Ottoman Empireengaged in long and costly wars on two frontiers, against Safavid Iran inthe east (1578-1590, and the Austrian Habsburgs in the west (1593-1606. During this time the Ottoman government faced considerableand unprecedented financial difficulty in meeting the extra expenses ofwarfare. This coincided with other major developments which adverselyaffected Ottoman government finances. First, population pressures andlarge-scale movement among the inhabitants of rural areas disturbedagricultural production, tax collection and local security problems.The aim of this study is to examine the nature of banditryactivities that occurred in the province of Maras, c. 1590-1750. TheOttoman central government’s policy and overall approach towards thebanditry activities from the point of centre-periphery relations in theOttoman Empire. Additionally, this study will help us to have someideas about the Ottoman social and community life during the periodstudied. Eşkıyalık, genelde silahla veya başka bir şekilde zor kullanmak suretiyle yol kesip baskın yaparak mala, cana tecavüz, kamu düzeni ve güvenliği ihlâl olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu makale 16. yüzyılın sonundan 18. Yüzyıl ortalarına kadar Maraş eyâletinde bazı aşiret, cemaat ve taifelerin karıştığı eşkıyalık hareketlerini merkez-taşra yazışmalarındaki yans

An update on the "empirical turn" in bioethics: analysis of empirical research in nine bioethics journals.

Science.gov (United States)

Wangmo, Tenzin; Hauri, Sirin; Gennet, Eloise; Anane-Sarpong, Evelyn; Provoost, Veerle; Elger, Bernice S

2018-02-07

A review of literature published a decade ago noted a significant increase in empirical papers across nine bioethics journals. This study provides an update on the presence of empirical papers in the same nine journals. It first evaluates whether the empirical trend is continuing as noted in the previous study, and second, how it is changing, that is, what are the characteristics of the empirical works published in these nine bioethics journals. A review of the same nine journals (Bioethics; Journal of Medical Ethics; Journal of Clinical Ethics; Nursing Ethics; Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics; Hastings Center Report; Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics; Christian Bioethics; and Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal) was conducted for a 12-year period from 2004 to 2015. Data obtained was analysed descriptively and using a non-parametric Chi-square test. Of the total number of original papers (N = 5567) published in the nine bioethics journals, 18.1% (n = 1007) collected and analysed empirical data. Journal of Medical Ethics and Nursing Ethics led the empirical publications, accounting for 89.4% of all empirical papers. The former published significantly more quantitative papers than qualitative, whereas the latter published more qualitative papers. Our analysis reveals no significant difference (χ2 = 2.857; p = 0.091) between the proportion of empirical papers published in 2004-2009 and 2010-2015. However, the increasing empirical trend has continued in these journals with the proportion of empirical papers increasing from 14.9% in 2004 to 17.8% in 2015. This study presents the current state of affairs regarding empirical research published nine bioethics journals. In the quarter century of data that is available about the nine bioethics journals studied in two reviews, the proportion of empirical publications continues to increase, signifying a trend towards empirical research in bioethics. The growing volume is mainly attributable to two

Empirical likelihood

CERN Document Server

Owen, Art B

2001-01-01

Empirical likelihood provides inferences whose validity does not depend on specifying a parametric model for the data. Because it uses a likelihood, the method has certain inherent advantages over resampling methods: it uses the data to determine the shape of the confidence regions, and it makes it easy to combined data from multiple sources. It also facilitates incorporating side information, and it simplifies accounting for censored, truncated, or biased sampling.One of the first books published on the subject, Empirical Likelihood offers an in-depth treatment of this method for constructing confidence regions and testing hypotheses. The author applies empirical likelihood to a range of problems, from those as simple as setting a confidence region for a univariate mean under IID sampling, to problems defined through smooth functions of means, regression models, generalized linear models, estimating equations, or kernel smooths, and to sampling with non-identically distributed data. Abundant figures offer vi...

Empirical Test Case Specification

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kalyanova, Olena; Heiselberg, Per

This document includes the empirical specification on the IEA task of evaluation building energy simulation computer programs for the Double Skin Facades (DSF) constructions. There are two approaches involved into this procedure, one is the comparative approach and another is the empirical one. I....... In the comparative approach the outcomes of different software tools are compared, while in the empirical approach the modelling results are compared with the results of experimental test cases....

Osmanlı Devleti'nde Kilise ve Havra Politikasına Yeni Bir Bakış: Çanakkale Örneği

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Aşkın Koyuncu

2014-04-01

Full Text Available The construction of new churches and synagogues was not allowed in the Ottoman Empire in accordance with the Sharia law up until the proclamation of the Reform Edict of 1856. The repair or reconstruction of existing temples in accordance with their original forms was bound only to the approval of the Sultan himself. Besides, enlargement or alteration of buildings or any parts thereof during repairs was strictly forbidden. Any violation of this rule led to the demolition of the altered or enlarged parts. There are indeed large number examples of such cases. Against these strict rules, there are many surviving new churches and synagogues which have been constructed in the cities founded during the Ottoman period, or in the cities captured or surrendered during the expansion period. In addition, numerous new churches and even monasteries were built in the villages or rural areas in the 16th-18th centuries, especially in the Balkans. The main question is how they were built and were escaped from destruction. There are no examples of the granting of official permission for the construction of these buildings by the Sultans, yet it can be observed that these new churches and synagogues have acquired legitimacy in time. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Greek and Armenian churches as well as a Jewish synagogue appeared in Çanakkale as well. Besides, an unauthorized Catholic church was built in the city in the year 1852. In this article, after looking through the official Ottoman policy concerning the repairing or (reconstruction of churches and synagogues and its examples in practice, we will study the process of the emergence of Greek, Armenian, Jewish and Catholic temples in Çanakkale. We will also evaluate the Ottoman Empire’s policies about churches and synagogues in Çanakkale before and after the proclamation of the Reform Edict of 1856.

Empirical Support for Perceptual Conceptualism

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Nicolás Alejandro Serrano

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The main objective of this paper is to show that perceptual conceptualism can be understood as an empirically meaningful position and, furthermore, that there is some degree of empirical support for its main theses. In order to do this, I will start by offering an empirical reading of the conceptualist position, and making three predictions from it. Then, I will consider recent experimental results from cognitive sciences that seem to point towards those predictions. I will conclude that, while the evidence offered by those experiments is far from decisive, it is enough not only to show that conceptualism is an empirically meaningful position but also that there is empirical support for it.

MOSQUES AND MASJIDS IN ANKARA “ANKARA STYLE”

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Ayşe Ersay YÜKSEL

2016-04-01

Full Text Available The city of Ankara for the first time in the second half of the 11. century the Turkish land, a later period passing into the hands of the Byzantines again, century of 12 remained under the rule of the Anatolian Seljuks, after centruy of 14 remained under the rule of the Ottoman Empire and ıt attained status as the capital of the Republic of Turkey, the highest administrative history. In this process, from the 12th century, the city experienced many important events that occurred in the architectural style of a local tradition can say “Ankara style”.Ankara After the collapse of Seljuks the city under the rule of ahi-order and different principalities in the transition from the Ottoman domination. during this period, has started to create the core of the local architectural Ankara style. 13, 14 and even 15. until the beginning of the century, which was built in the mosques and masjids seen stylistic integrity continued in a subsequent period. Structural elements of mosques and masjids as a form, could not have the monumental apparently and architectural values of the classical Ottoman mosques. Usually elongated rectangular planned, with narthex, inside a flat wooden ceiling, covered with exterior tile roofs, a simple facade, based rubble, adobe or brick walls, the wooden door and window systems, plaster niches, wooden minbar, gathering place for woman, and wooden ceiling has become a tradition in almost every century. As a result, “Ankara style” that can be called has emerged an architectural style.

Life-giving springs and The Mother of God Zhivonosen Istochnik / Zoodochos Pege / Balikliyska. Byzantine-Greek-Ottoman intercultural influence and its aftereffects in iconography, religious writings and ritual practices in the region of Plovdiv

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Magdalena Lubańska

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Life-giving springs and The Mother of God  Zhivonosen Istochnik / Zoodochos Pege / Balikliyska. Byzantine-Greek-Ottoman intercultural influence and its aftereffects in iconography, religious writings and ritual practices in the region of Plovdiv This article looks at veneration of healing springs (ayazma in Orthodox Christian churches and monasteries in the region of Plovdiv and Asenovgrad (Bulgaria to raise the problem of its connections to Byzantine, Greek and Ottoman religious cultures of Constantinople/Istanbul. My argument is based on the fieldwork and archival research I conducted in 2012–2014 to seek an answer to a research question that had kept me intrigued for over a decade: namely, what is the meaning, in practical terms, of the claim frequently made by Orthodox Christians that the various religious rituals they engaged in (with the exception of funerary ones were practiced “for health” (za zdrave.   Życiodajne źródła i Bogurodzica Żiwonosen Iztocznik / Zoodochos Pege / Baliklijska. Bizantyńsko-grecko-osmańskie oddziaływania międzykulturowe i ich reperkusje w ikonografii, piśmiennictwie i praktykach rytualnych w regionie Płowdiwu Niniejszy artykuł poświęcono problematyce kultu leczniczych wód (ajazma na terenie bułgarskich prawosławnych cerkwi i monasterów w regionie Płowdiwu i Asenowgradu oraz jego domniemanych związków z bizantyńską, grecką i osmańską kulturą religijną Konstantynopola/Stambułu. Swoje tezy autorka opiera na badaniach terenowych i kwerendach archiwalnych prowadzonych w latach 2012–2014. Badania miały na celu odnalezienie odpowiedzi na nękające autorkę od ponad dekady pytanie badawcze, co prawosławni wierni mają na myśli, gdy uzasadniają praktycznie wszystkie podejmowane przez siebie religijne rytuały (z wyjątkiem funeralnych tym, że wykonują je „dla zdrowia” (za zdrave.

Homer, Troy and the Turks: Heritage & identity in the Late Ottoman Empire 1870-1915

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Uslu, G.

2015-01-01

The origins and date of birth of the most famous Greek poet Homer, the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, which are without doubt the most influential literary works in the history of Western civilization, are uncertain. Neither is it clear exactly where and when the Iliad, an episode of the

Life Writing After Empire

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

A watershed moment of the twentieth century, the end of empire saw upheavals to global power structures and national identities. However, decolonisation profoundly affected individual subjectivities too. Life Writing After Empire examines how people around the globe have made sense of the post...... in order to understand how individual life writing reflects broader societal changes. From far-flung corners of the former British Empire, people have turned to life writing to manage painful or nostalgic memories, as well as to think about the past and future of the nation anew through the personal...

Empirical ethics, context-sensitivity, and contextualism.

Science.gov (United States)

Musschenga, Albert W

2005-10-01

In medical ethics, business ethics, and some branches of political philosophy (multi-culturalism, issues of just allocation, and equitable distribution) the literature increasingly combines insights from ethics and the social sciences. Some authors in medical ethics even speak of a new phase in the history of ethics, hailing "empirical ethics" as a logical next step in the development of practical ethics after the turn to "applied ethics." The name empirical ethics is ill-chosen because of its associations with "descriptive ethics." Unlike descriptive ethics, however, empirical ethics aims to be both descriptive and normative. The first question on which I focus is what kind of empirical research is used by empirical ethics and for which purposes. I argue that the ultimate aim of all empirical ethics is to improve the context-sensitivity of ethics. The second question is whether empirical ethics is essentially connected with specific positions in meta-ethics. I show that in some kinds of meta-ethical theories, which I categorize as broad contextualist theories, there is an intrinsic need for connecting normative ethics with empirical social research. But context-sensitivity is a goal that can be aimed for from any meta-ethical position.

Empirical Hamiltonians

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peggs, S.; Talman, R.

1987-01-01

As proton accelerators get larger, and include more magnets, the conventional tracking programs which simulate them run slower. The purpose of this paper is to describe a method, still under development, in which element-by-element tracking around one turn is replaced by a single man, which can be processed far faster. It is assumed for this method that a conventional program exists which can perform faithful tracking in the lattice under study for some hundreds of turns, with all lattice parameters held constant. An empirical map is then generated by comparison with the tracking program. A procedure has been outlined for determining an empirical Hamiltonian, which can represent motion through many nonlinear kicks, by taking data from a conventional tracking program. Though derived by an approximate method this Hamiltonian is analytic in form and can be subjected to further analysis of varying degrees of mathematical rigor. Even though the empirical procedure has only been described in one transverse dimension, there is good reason to hope that it can be extended to include two transverse dimensions, so that it can become a more practical tool in realistic cases

Empire as a Geopolitical Figure

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Parker, Noel

2010-01-01

This article analyses the ingredients of empire as a pattern of order with geopolitical effects. Noting the imperial form's proclivity for expansion from a critical reading of historical sociology, the article argues that the principal manifestation of earlier geopolitics lay not in the nation...... but in empire. That in turn has been driven by a view of the world as disorderly and open to the ordering will of empires (emanating, at the time of geopolitics' inception, from Europe). One implication is that empires are likely to figure in the geopolitical ordering of the globe at all times, in particular...... after all that has happened in the late twentieth century to undermine nationalism and the national state. Empire is indeed a probable, even for some an attractive form of regime for extending order over the disorder produced by globalisation. Geopolitics articulated in imperial expansion is likely...

Giulio Mongeri, an Architect Efficient in the Building of Capital City Ankara and his Biography

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Damla Çinici

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The study is about Giulio Mongeri (1873 – 1951 who was the architect of Ottoman Bank (1926, Ziraat Bank (1926 – 1929, Monopolies Chief Directorate (1928 and Türkiye İş Bank (1929 buildings in Ankara in the first years of the Republic. Giulio Mongeri was one of the architects prominent in architectural activities both in the last years of Ottoman Empire and first years of the Republic and undertook an effective role in the architectural understanding of the next generation by raising the architects of the future as an instructor of the Academy of Fine Arts. In the study, it is aimed to gain especially the sketches and photos obtained from his diary and not published anywhere else to the scientific world as a new contribution to the knowledge in the available publications. Giulio Mongeri himself, his family and environs in which he was raised, his personality and attitude as a trainer have been appraised in the light of new information. The buildings of Mongeri in Ankara have been studied comparatively with the other buildings in Ankara in this period and an attempt is made to assess the differences in his approach.

Le droit d’initiative du sultan et les lois de Fâtih (Mehmed II

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Halil Inalcık

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Un système juridique basé sur la coutume et la volonté du sultan complète à partir du XIVe siècle la charî'a, affirmant la force de la tradition turco-mongole.En dépit du caractère religieux de l’Empire ottoman, un système juridique séculaire basé sur la coutume et établi par la seule volonté du souverain se développe notamment à partir du XIVe siècle, s’octroyant une place significative aux côtés de la jurisprudence islamique. Les lois relatives à ce droit coutumier, rentrant parfois en conflit avec la charî'a, sont d’une certaine façon liées à la tradition turco-mongole, constituant ainsi une preuve incontestable de la place absolue et centrale qu’occupe le souverain dans la conception de l’Etat au sein des organisations turco-islamiques.Despite the religious nature of the Ottoman Empire, a secular legal system based upon social customs, established by the sovereign, developed mainly from the 14th century, eventually taking a place of significant importance alongside Islamic Law. The rules relating to this kind of law, - that may in some cases contradict the principles of the Chari’a-, are somehow associated with Turkish and Mongol traditions, therefore constituting undeniable evidence asserting the absolute and central position of the sovereign in Turkish-Islamic organization’s traditional conception of the state.

Theological reflections on empire

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Allan A. Boesak

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Since the meeting of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches in Accra, Ghana (2004, and the adoption of the Accra Declaration, a debate has been raging in the churches about globalisation, socio-economic justice, ecological responsibility, political and cultural domination and globalised war. Central to this debate is the concept of empire and the way the United States is increasingly becoming its embodiment. Is the United States a global empire? This article argues that the United States has indeed become the expression of a modern empire and that this reality has considerable consequences, not just for global economics and politics but for theological refl ection as well.

Darüşşifas Where Music Threapy was Practiced During Anatolian Seljuks and Ottomans / Selçuklu ve Osmanlı Darüşşifalarında Müzikle Tedavi

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Gülşen Erdal

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Music therapy, one of the oldest treatment methods known, dates back to thousands of years. Turks’ using music therapy practices in hospitals -Ottoman and Seljuk hospitals- built with appropriate acoustic in the treatment of mental disorders, utilizing the books which included the researches done by scientists such as İbni Sina, Razî, Farabî, Hasan Şuurî and in Gevrekzade Hasan Efendi in music therapy and improving music therapy practices exemplarily in the period of Ottomans and Seljukians is assessed as the first serious music therapy practices. Darüşşifa is one of the names given to medical and educational establishments which give people health service depending on practice and observation and treated patients in Turkish and Islamic world. Turks started various reconstruction activities following their settlement in Anatolia. Within a short period, they built several types of artifacts such as; caravansaries, madrasahs, mosques, darüşşifas. In Seljukian and Ottoman darüşşifas, medical subjects were taught according to researches and scientific principals, and surgeons were educated at medical madrasahs as well. Medical health care service was provided in those places. In this study, of darüşşifas where music therapy was practised the ones surviving today and having importance have been analyzed so as to emphasize how curative power of art history and music was used by Turkish people centuries ago. From this point of view, Kayseri Gevher Nesibe Tıp Medresesi (Medical madrasah (1206, Divriği Ulu Camii ve Darüşşifası (Mosque and Hospital (1228, Amasya Darüşşifası (1309, Fatih Darüşşifası (1470 Edirne Sultan II. Bayezid Darüşşifası (1488, Süleymaniye Tıp Medresesi and Şifahanesi (Medical Madrasah and Hospital (1556 have been examined in this study as the featured ones among the institutions where music therapy was practised. Özet Müziğin insanlar üzerinde bıraktığı psikolojik ve fiziksel

‘All have a place in God’s imaret’

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Willert, Trine Stauning

, the building of a state-funded mosque has been debated in the public sphere with the loudest voices being nationalistic and ethno-religious protests against a mosque. Parallel to these expressions of religious intolerance several popular historical novels in the mid- and late 2000s have treated the issue......, Macedonia, the Black Sea region, Thrace and Asia Minor. The novels take place over long time spans from the mid nineteenth century to the dawn of the twenty-first century, implying deep societal changes brought about by the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the effects of modernization. Central...

Из истории фортификации и картографирования Бессарабии и Молдовы: работы Ф. Кауффера 1793-1797-х годов / From the history of fortification and mapping of Bessarabia and Moldova: F. Kauffer's works in 1793-1797

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Igori Sapozhnikov

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The article is devoted to the French cartographer and fortifier François Kauffer (1751-1801, who for the last 9 years of his life served the Ottoman Porte, but at the same time was an agent of the Russian Empire. Particular attention is given to his work in the territory of Bessarabia and Moldova, where he took part in strengthening the fortresses of Akkerman, Bender, Izmail, Kiliya, and Khotyn (in 1793-1797. The paper includes documents and lists of his manuscript maps and plans, which are stored in the Military Historical Archive (Russian Federation, Moscow.

Book Review: Thanos Veremis, A Modern History of the Balkans: Nationalism and Identity in Southeast Europe, London and New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd, 2017.

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Aaron J. Cuevas

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Thanos Veremis, an Emeritus professor of Political History at the University of Athens, is a preeminent historian and prolific author. This book comparatively covers the political and military history of the Balkans with a special attention to the Balkan economies, militaries, and nationalist creeds as some of these modern issues still plague the region. In the first part of the book, Veremis provides a concise and fast-paced overview of almost two hundred years of Balkan history from the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early nineteenth century to the 1995 NATO intervention in the region.

The regulation of prostitution in Beyoğlu (1875-1915).

Science.gov (United States)

özbek, Müge

2010-01-01

This study examines the development and nature of the regulation of prostitution in Beyoğlu during the late Ottoman Empire with special emphasis on the way the regulationist regime reinforced existing patterns of class and gender domination. The regulation of prostitution became a matter of urgency in the last decades of the nineteenth century in Istanbul, particularly in Beyoğlu, the cosmopolitan centre of the city. Through this process, the protests of the local residents of the area objecting to the proliferation of prostitution in their neighbourhoods played a crucial role in prompting the governmental authorities to tighten the regulations.

Kafkasya Muhacirlerinin Suriye Vilayetine İskânı ve Karşılaşılan Zorluklar The Settlement of Caucasian Refugees to Syria Province and the Hardships Encountered

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Oktay KIZILKAYA

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Russia invaded the Caucasian region completely in the secondhalf of 19th century. The Muslim nations of the Caucasia, who rejectedthe domination of Russia, decided to emigrate Ottoman Empire. The oppression and the cruelty that Russia carried out had an importantrole in the decision of emigration. The first refugees, who came fromCaucasia, were settled in Anatolia, Rumelia and partly Syria province.The Ottoman Empire lost war at the result of 1877–1878 Ottoman-Russia war. As the result of the war, Ottoman Empire lost a great dealof land in Balkan geography. Therefore, the Caucasian refugees, whowere settled in Balkans before, became refugee again. Syria provincewas approved as the new settlement region both for Caucasian andRumelian refugees. These refugees, who had been sent to Syriaprovince, encountered, great problems. They experienced the problem ofadapting to natural conditions of Syria such as water and air. Besides,when the epidemic illnesses, which caused due to squalor, were addednearly half of the refugees died. Apart from that, the refugees facedtroubles with Druse and Bedouins in social aspect, thus, theyencountered great problems. After nearly thirty years that emigrantssettle in Syria province, they adapted to its socio-cultural structure andclimate conditions. After emigrants adapted to Syria province, theybecame strong towards Druse and Bedouins that attack them.Ottoman Empire mobilized all its opportunities for the settlementof refugees. However, it could not prevent the unwanted events. XIX yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Rusya Kafkasya Bölgesini tamamenistila etti. İstila neticesinde Rus hâkimiyetini kabul etmeyenKafkasya’nın Müslüman milletleri, Osmanlı Ülkesine göç etme kararıaldı. Bu göç kararında Rusların uyguladıkları baskı ve şiddet büyük birrol oynadı. Kafkasya’dan ilk gelen göçmenler Anadolu ve Rumeli’ye çokaz da olsa Suriye Vilayetine iskân edildi. 1877–1878 Osmanl

Birds of the Mongol Empire

OpenAIRE

Eugene N. Anderson

2016-01-01

The Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous empire the world has ever known, had, among other things, a goodly number of falconers, poultry raisers, birdcatchers, cooks, and other experts on various aspects of birding. We have records of this, largely in the Yinshan Zhengyao, the court nutrition manual of the Mongol empire in China (the Yuan Dynasty). It discusses in some detail 22 bird taxa, from swans to chickens. The Huihui Yaofang, a medical encyclopedia, lists ten taxa used medicinally. Ma...

RUMELIAN OTTOMAN VOLUNTEERS IN BRITISH P.O.W. CAMPS (1916-1923 *BRİTANYA İMPARATORLUĞU SAVAŞ KAMPLARINDA ESİR DÜŞEN BATI RUMELİ ASILLI OSMANLI GÖNÜLLÜLERİ (1916-1923

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Redžep ŠKRİJELJ

2016-11-01

��ye gönderilmiş ve o bölgede İngilizlerin eline esir düşmüştür. Savaşın sonunda Britanya iktidarı 3 bin Müslüman gönüllüyü Rumeli’den İstanbul’a tehcir etmiş, onlar da evlerine geri dönebilmek için Yugoslav Hükûmeti Konsolosluğuna başvurmak zorunda kalmıştır. Uzun süren bu ağır savaş, esirler için hayatta kalma mücadelesi idi. Çok sayıda savaş gazisi Makedonya, Kosova ve Sancak’a yaralı ve hasta durumda dönerek parasızlığa ve açlığa mahkûm olmuştur. Gönüllülerin geri dönüşleri uzun yıllar sürmüştür. Yeni kurulan Sırp, Hırvat ve Sloven Krallığı içinde yaşayan eski Müslüman gönüllülerin daha sonraki yıllarda Çetnik birlikleri tarafından katledilmiştir. Savaş gazilerinin büyük bölümü Mısır’da bulunan Britanya askerî kamplarından ağır fiziksel yaralarla ve psikolojik travmalarla geri dönmüştür. The low success on the Eastern Front had shown the year of 1916 as the most difficult for Austria-Hungary. The strenghtening of the Antanta which was additionally supported by Italy and Romania resulted in dispersing of the Austrian-Hungarian Army on the fronts, and was forced to fight on multiple theaters of war and needed more manpower. Since Imperial Germany transfered all of its troops to the Western Front, Austria-Hungary was forced to request the company of their Ottoman allies to successfully accomplish their war efforts. The improvement of Austro-Hungarian military positions requested a ruthless war propaganda during the period between the fall of 1916 and the spring of 1917 when the XV Ottoman Corpse containing 10 thousand volunteers and recruits has left for the Galician Front. The Ottoman Military explained their excursion to Galicia as a defensive effort against a possible Russian invasion of the Balkan Peninsula. Circumstances which included bad organization, poor discipline, lack of clothes, hunger, a great number of injured and disabled soldiers, lack of vaccines against

Wireless and empire geopolitics radio industry and ionosphere in the British Empire 1918-1939

CERN Document Server

Anduaga, Aitor

2009-01-01

Although the product of consensus politics, the British Empire was based on communications supremacy and the knowledge of the atmosphere. Focusing on science, industry, government, the military, and education, this book studies the relationship between wireless and Empire throughout the interwar period.

La presse française commente la question macédonienne à l’aube des guerres balkaniques

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Nicolas Pitsos

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Comment la presse française, en trois familles idéologiques distinctes, présente la question macédonienne en 1912.L’objectif de cette communication est d’étudier comment la presse française aborda la question macédonienne au commencement de la première guerre balkanique. Une première catégorie de journaux (socialistes, syndicalistes, anarchistes, anticléricaux se prononce pour la paix et soutient soit le maintien du statu quo territorial, soit la création d’une fédération balkanique, en dénonçant en même temps le caractère expansionniste des projets des alliés balkaniques. Une deuxième catégorie (nationalistes de droite, antirépublicains adopte la rhétorique officielle des royaumes balkaniques qui justifiaient leur mobilisation au nom de la défense des droits de leurs coreligionnaires dans l’Empire ottoman et notamment en Macédoine. La plupart de ces plumes ont trempé d’une part dans la haine du Turc et du musulman et sont inspirées d’autre part, par leur volonté revancharde contre l’Allemagne qui aurait équipé l’armée ottomane alors que l’industrie française aurait doté les alliés balkaniques. Enfin, une dernière catégorie (catholiques, bonapartistes considère que le bouleversement du statu quo territorial au profit des royaumes orthodoxes serait préjudiciable pour les intérêts économiques et culturels français.French newspapers comment the Macedonian question at the dawn of the Balkan Wars.The aim of this paper is to study how the French newspapers dealt with the Macedonian question at the beginning of the Balkan Wars. A first group (socialists, trade-unionists, anarchists, anticlerical, backs up a peaceful settlement of the dispute and is in favor of the maintenance of the status quo or the creation of a Balkan federation. It is also denouncing the expansionist character of allies’ projects. A second group (right nationalists, antirepublicans adopts the official rhetoric of the

Empirical Music Aesthetics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grund, Cynthia M.

The toolbox for empirically exploring the ways that artistic endeavors convey and activate meaning on the part of performers and audiences continues to expand. Current work employing methods at the intersection of performance studies, philosophy, motion capture and neuroscience to better understand...... musical performance and reception is inspired by traditional approaches within aesthetics, but it also challenges some of the presuppositions inherent in them. As an example of such work I present a research project in empirical music aesthetics begun last year and of which I am a team member....

Empirical philosophy of science

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wagenknecht, Susann; Nersessian, Nancy J.; Andersen, Hanne

2015-01-01

A growing number of philosophers of science make use of qualitative empirical data, a development that may reconfigure the relations between philosophy and sociology of science and that is reminiscent of efforts to integrate history and philosophy of science. Therefore, the first part...... of this introduction to the volume Empirical Philosophy of Science outlines the history of relations between philosophy and sociology of science on the one hand, and philosophy and history of science on the other. The second part of this introduction offers an overview of the papers in the volume, each of which...... is giving its own answer to questions such as: Why does the use of qualitative empirical methods benefit philosophical accounts of science? And how should these methods be used by the philosopher?...

PERSONAL DIMENSIONS OF THE CRITICISM IN CLASSICAL OTTOMAN POETRY KLÂSİK TÜRK ŞİİRİNDE ELEŞTİRİNİN KİŞİSEL BOYUTU

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Zülküf KILIÇ

2012-06-01

Full Text Available In this study which we tried to answer the question which feelings and the objectives drive the critic poet to criticize rather than what was criticized or why they were criticized. While we are trying to show the criticism in our Classical Ottoman Poetry as a part of the life, we are going to emphasize the personal reasons of the criticism.We need to know that the people whose being described as an “Intellectual” is not wrong cannot stay away from criticizing the defects. For this reason, everything could be the subject of the criticism.While beard, moustache or the hypocrisy of a person sometimes became the subject of criticism, sometimes an administrator’s deficiences and flaws became the subject of criticism. Sometimes, even the minor social degenerations which the masses of people could not realize when they were alive were expressed. That is why the criticism, as we think, was not a remote subject for the Classical Ottoman poets, on the contrary, the criticism was closely related to their lives. Nelerin, niçin eleştirildiğinden ziyâde, eleştirici şairi, hangi duyguları ve hangi amaçları eleştiriye sevk eder sorusuna cevap aranan bu çalışmada, Klâsik şiirde eleştirinin hayatın bir parçası olduğunu, göstermeye çalışırken daha çok eleştirinin kişisel nedenleri üzerinde durulacaktır. “Aydın” diye nitelendirilmelerinin yanlış olmayacağı Klâsik şairlerin, aksaklıklara gözlerini kapayamayacaklarının bilinmesi gerekir. Bu yüzden, her şey eleştirinin konusu olabilmiştir. Bazen bir kişinin sakalı, bıyığı, riyakârlığı eleştiriye konu olurken bazen bir idarecinin eksik ve kusurları yüzüne vurulmuş, bazen de yığınların, yaşarlarken dikkatlerinden kaçan ve fark edebilmeleri çok güç olan toplumsal en küçük bozukluklar dahi gözden kaçmayıp dillendirilmiştir. Bu yüzden eleştiri, Klâsik şairlerin, -öyle sanıldığı gibi- çok uzaklarında değil yanı ba

İNGİLİZ KONSOLOSLUK BELGELERİNDE SİNOP (1841-1842)

OpenAIRE

Çağlayan, Kaya tuncer

2015-01-01

19th century industrialization affected the commercial course of the world revolution through the implementation of the power steam technology as well as affecting social and political mobility across the large regions of the Ottoman geography. As a result of the concession brought about by the 1838 OttomanBritish Trade Agreement, British consulates were opened in the major Ottoman cities. All the relevant information concerning trade, social and political life, thought to be significant for ...

Final Empirical Test Case Specification

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kalyanova, Olena; Heiselberg, Per

This document includes the empirical specification on the IEA task of evaluation building energy simulation computer programs for the Double Skin Facades (DSF) constructions. There are two approaches involved into this procedure, one is the comparative approach and another is the empirical one....

Empire vs. Federation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gravier, Magali

2011-01-01

The article discusses the concepts of federation and empire in the context of the European Union (EU). Even if these two concepts are not usually contrasted to one another, the article shows that they refer to related type of polities. Furthermore, they can be used at a time because they shed light...... on different and complementary aspects of the European integration process. The article concludes that the EU is at the crossroads between federation and empire and may remain an ‘imperial federation’ for several decades. This could mean that the EU is on the verge of transforming itself to another type...

The Apocalyptic Empire of America L’Empire apocalyptique américain

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Akça Ataç

2009-10-01

Full Text Available En général, les études traitant de « l’Empire » américain tendent à chercher à comprendre celui-ci à partir de termes concrets tels que la frontière, l’intervention militaire, le commerce international. Néanmoins, les Empires sont d’abord le résultat de profondes traditions intellectuelles intangibles qui encouragent et justifient les actions entreprises dans le cadre de politiques impériales. Dans le cas de l’Amérique, les fondements intellectuels du nouvel idéal impérial sont ancrés dans la vision apocalyptique transportée dans les bagages des premiers colons puritains. Si l’on ne prend pas en compte cet ancrage apocalyptique, on ne peut saisir, dans leur totalité, les principes fondamentaux de « l’Empire » américain. On devrait examiner des termes qui entrent en résonance avec le discours impérial tels que « mission » et « destinée » ainsi que de l’engagement explicite dans la rhétorique présidentielle en faveur de « l’amélioration » du monde à n’importe quel prix du point de vue de cette croyance apocalyptique éternelle. Cet article essaie d’élucider l’origine et l’essence de la vision apocalyptique américaine en portant une attention particulière sur son influence dans la genèse du concept d’Empire américain.

Adil Shahi Mosques in Karnataka

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Maruti T. Kamble

2012-01-01

Full Text Available This paper concentrates on the mosques (masjids of the period of the Adil Shahis,one of the Muslim dynasties which had Turkish origin that ruled Karnataka alongwith the other parts of the Deccan. A Mosque is primarily a religious building forthe performance of the daily prayers for five times, one of the five pillars of Islam.It is thus, the most important building for Muslims.Mosques in Karnataka have along history and tradition. The Adil Shahis constructed mosques in Maharastra,Andra Pradesh and other parts of Karnataka State.Karnataka “the priceless gift ofindulgent nature” is a unique blend of glorious past and rich present, situated onthe lower West Coast of South India.It was ruled by the Muslim dynasties fromthe middle of the 14thcentury to 18thcentury. The Adil Shahisruled Karnatakafrom 1489 A.D., to 1686 A.D., and wielded a great political power over manyparts of Karnataka.The founder Yusuf Adil Shah was the son of Ottoman SultanMurad II of Turkey.In their period many secular and religious monuments wereconstructed.The Adil Shahi mosques were not only places of worship but alsoplaces for education and social activities.The paper examines the construction ofthe mosques by the Adil Shahis, their patrons and also the construction pattern,architects, features and its role in the society. At present,seventy-five Adil Shahimosques are found in different areas of Karnataka.Almost all the state buildingsof the Adil Shahis are adorned by thecrescentmoon whichwas the emblemof theSultans of Turkey. Their mosques inspired the future generation to construct moreand more mosquesin Karnataka State.

Review essay: empires, ancient and modern.

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, John A

2011-09-01

This essay drews attention to two books on empires by historians which deserve the attention of sociologists. Bang's model of the workings of the Roman economy powerfully demonstrates the tributary nature of per-industrial tributary empires. Darwin's analysis concentrates on modern overseas empires, wholly different in character as they involved the transportation of consumption items for the many rather than luxury goods for the few. Darwin is especially good at describing the conditions of existence of late nineteenth century empires, noting that their demise was caused most of all by the failure of balance of power politics in Europe. Concluding thoughts are offered about the USA. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2011.

PROBLEMS WITH WIREDU'S EMPIRICALISM Martin Odei Ajei1 ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In his “Empiricalism: The Empirical Character of an African Philosophy”,. Kwasi Wiredu sets out ... others, that an empirical metaphysical system contains both empirical ..... realms which multiple categories of existents inhabit and conduct their being in .... to a mode of reasoning that conceives categories polarized by formal.

Les prisonniers de guerre des puissances centrales dans l’Empire russe : bilan de la recherche en Russie

OpenAIRE

Lavrov, Aleksandr

2018-01-01

Le traitement des prisonniers de guerre est un sujet qui a suscité de nombreux travaux ces dernières années, bien avant la célébration du centenaire de la Grande Guerre. L’article dresse un bilan historiographique des études consacrées au sort des prisonniers des armées allemande, austro-hongroise et ottomane retenus captifs sur le territoire de la Russie. Les chercheurs russes ont découvert, entre autres, une importante correspondance bureaucratique, présentant les points de vue des autorité...

A Bit of History of Russophilism and Rusofobstvo in Bulgaria

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Kosik Viktor

2016-04-01

Full Text Available The text of the article is associated with well-known in the history of the phenomena of russophilism a and rusofobstvo in Bulgaria in the nineteenth century. For complex historical background, rich in political surprises, these two opposite phenomena represented in the sayings and poems of the representatives of the Bulgarian national-minded intellectuals — him P., Rakowski, Z. Stoyanov, L. Karavelov, I. Vazov. Some of them were afraid of turning Bulgaria into a Russian province, others saw in the mighty Orthodox and Slavic Russia salvation of his homeland, his people. Still others saw the future of their country in Alliance with the Ottoman Empire and the creation of a dual Turkish-Bulgarian monarchy. Was observed and the change in its position as L. Karavelov underlining in his lines fortress of the Russian-Bulgarian friendship. Marked and attitude of Russian thought through reflections of a Russian diplomat, philosof, and publicist Konstantin Nikolaevich Leontiev to Bulgaria, the Russian-Bulgarian relations, which seemed to him not unlike many of his contemporaries, rainbow. Considerable attention is paid to the «troubled» by many parameters time when, after the Russo-Turkish war of 1877–1878 signifi cant part of the Bulgarian lands had the opportunity to form their own state in the form of a de facto independent from the Ottoman Empire Bulgarian principalities, in which the processes of russophilism and rusofobstvo not only not subsided, but has been further aggravation, especially after accomplished without the knowledge of Russia, the unification of Principality of Bulgaria with southern Bulgaria, not having statehood. In conclusion, given a brief description of russophilism and rusofobstvo.

رحلة القيصر الروسي بطرس الكبير إلى اوربا1697-1698م

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نادية جاسم كاظم الشمري

2017-03-01

Full Text Available The study revealed that the openness outside world is most important require ments for success for the advancement of Russain state and save it from the ignorance and back wardness and achieve the political system , economic , scientific and culturlal travel from the travel of Russian leaders and the scientific missions to another countries of western Europe The concering of the Great Peter is to use the travel as a purpose to make a strong army and establish a modern state in order to face the western Europe countries. The another goal was to get many ports in the warm water of the Baltic and the black Seas to get rid of the difficulties encountered the Russians on Arcangel port which water freezes all the Year-This port is the first way that the Russian used it to Europe. The trip of Caeser succeeded in many ports like the scientific part, Military part and economic part . but it failed in the diplomatic part when they held alliance between the Christian and Russian against Ottoman Empire . The Caeser noticed that many Countries like the War against Sewedden , therefore he decided to enter the War, but he changed his mind .when he travelled to Europe instead of the War against Ottomans Empire His trip succeeded in many parts like maths part and the scientific military This trip bring to Russians the industrial experiences from Europe Countries and Applied in Russia such as commercial industries and Military industries and he manged to get weapons , Machinery , Scientific books and geographical Maps – They translated all of these things to Russian Language

A Military Doctor Pioneer of the Preventive Medicine in Turkey: Colonel Dr. Huseyin Remzi Bey

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Dogan Ceyhan

2008-08-01

Full Text Available One of the most important turning points in Turkish History of Medicine is the transfer of Western / European medical knowledge to Ottoman medicine in 19th century. This knowledge is mostly transferred by government employed Ottoman citizens and aimed at improving the health status of the Ottoman State’s elites, troops and people. Most important contributions of transferring and popularizing the concepts of microbe and vaccination to Ottoman medicine, concerning both disease and preventive medicine, were made by a military doctor, “Colonel Dr. Huseyin Remzi Bey”. He served in a large spectrum of military and civilian health services from field medicine to professorship in higher educational institutes and made important contributions for education of modern medicine in Turkish language. He was a part of the Ottoman team visiting Pasteur to learn the rabies vaccine and given credit to be one of the first users of microbiological knowledge and applications in Ottoman Country. He also tried to disseminate the knowledge about health amongst people and wrote more than 50 manuscripts, most of them published as books or newspaper periodicals. He is a figure who made important contributions of the accumulation and distribution of modern medical knowledge, including preventive medicine, in Turkey. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2008; 7(4.000: 347-350

The Role of Empirical Research in Bioethics

Science.gov (United States)

Kon, Alexander A.

2010-01-01

There has long been tension between bioethicists whose work focuses on classical philosophical inquiry and those who perform empirical studies on bioethical issues. While many have argued that empirical research merely illuminates current practices and cannot inform normative ethics, others assert that research-based work has significant implications for refining our ethical norms. In this essay, I present a novel construct for classifying empirical research in bioethics into four hierarchical categories: Lay of the Land, Ideal Versus Reality, Improving Care, and Changing Ethical Norms. Through explaining these four categories and providing examples of publications in each stratum, I define how empirical research informs normative ethics. I conclude by demonstrating how philosophical inquiry and empirical research can work cooperatively to further normative ethics. PMID:19998120

Science as an ally of religion: a Muslim appropriation of 'the conflict thesis'.

Science.gov (United States)

Yalcinkaya, M Alper

2011-06-01

John W. Draper's History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (1874) is commonly regarded as the manifesto of the 'conflict thesis'. The superficiality of this thesis has been demonstrated in recent studies, but to read Draper's work only as a text on 'science versus religion' is to miss half of its significance, as it also involved evaluations of individual religions with respect to their attitudes towards science. Due to Draper's favourable remarks on Islam, the Ottoman author Ahmed Midhat translated his work into Turkish, and published it along with his own comments on Draper's arguments. Midhat interpreted Islam using the cues provided by Draper, and portrayed it as the only religion compatible with science. While his Christian readers condemned Draper for his approach to Islam, Midhat transformed the 'conflict thesis' into a proclamation that Islam and science were allies in opposition to Christian encroachment on the Ottoman Empire. This paper analyses Midhat's appropriation of Draper's work and compares it to the reaction of Draper's Christian readers. It discusses the context that made an alliance between Islam and science so desirable for Midhat, and emphasizes the impact of the historico-geographical context on the encounters between and representations of science and religion.

La notion de bourgeoisie dans l’historiographie de la Turquie contemporaine

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David Behar

2011-12-01

Full Text Available This article presents a case for historiographic discontinuity between the Ottoman and Turkish Republican eras as the principal cause for the failure to develop a sociology of the Turkish bourgeoisie. Indeed, understanding the mechanisms governing the reconversion of resources and the distribution of privileges requires a distinction between the old and the new, because there is a legitimate time for wealth. Such a sociology is essential to understanding the major social, economic and political changes which have occurred in Turkey over the past thirty years. The analysis of the uses, even if sometimes contradictory, of the concept of bourgeoisie in contemporary Turkish historiography opens new prospects. This paper shows that a complete renewal of Turkish elites has not occurred, since a segment of this group is described by historians as possessing the attributes of a “bourgeoisie”. Studies of the Turkish bourgeoisie for both the final years of the Ottoman Empire and the Republican period indicate a number of points of continuity. In the present context, it is thus possible to isolate a group of families who display the characteristics of a “upper bourgeoisie”, which is to say capital accumulations in all possible economic, cultural, social and symbolic forms.

Birds of the Mongol Empire

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Eugene N. Anderson

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous empire the world has ever known, had, among other things, a goodly number of falconers, poultry raisers, birdcatchers, cooks, and other experts on various aspects of birding. We have records of this, largely in the Yinshan Zhengyao, the court nutrition manual of the Mongol empire in China (the Yuan Dynasty. It discusses in some detail 22 bird taxa, from swans to chickens. The Huihui Yaofang, a medical encyclopedia, lists ten taxa used medicinally. Marco Polo also made notes on Mongol bird use. There are a few other records. This allows us to draw conclusions about Mongol ornithology, which apparently was sophisticated and detailed.

Essays on empirical likelihood in economics

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gao, Z.

2012-01-01

This thesis intends to exploit the roots of empirical likelihood and its related methods in mathematical programming and computation. The roots will be connected and the connections will induce new solutions for the problems of estimation, computation, and generalization of empirical likelihood.

Osmanlı Mühür Sanatı Ve Klasik Türk Şiirinde Mühür The Ottoman Art Of Seals And Seals In The Classical Turkish Poetry

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Semra TUNÇ

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Seals are inscriptions, coats of arms or stamps and theirtypography engraved on hard substances in place of signatures. Havingbeen used in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Iran and Anatolia throughouthistory, seals have been engraved on minerals such as silver, brass,iron, bronze and notably gold, or gems such as emerald, amethyst,onyx, turquoise, pebble, garnet, cornelian, and pearl. The inscriptionson seals were engraved in reverse order so that they could be correctlyread when they were put on paper and they were used after they weredipped in soot or ink. Names, titles, verses from the Quran, couplets aswell as flowers and ivy figures were engraved on seals as decoration.There are seals on which 8 to 10 words were inscribed in an area of 1centimeter. Seal making was recognized as an art in its own right in theOttoman Empire. Seal masters had to excel in one or more of thecalligraphic styles like sulus, ta’lîk, nesih, rik’a and reyhanî. Moreover,engraving of inscriptions on a hard object in aesthetic manner inreverse order and so big as to be read was a job that required greatskill, patience and attention. Therefore, seal masters would engravetheir names in one corner of the seal in fine inscription.The job of engraving seals was called engraving and those whoengaged in this job were called engravers or seal makers. Engraving wasconsidered a prestigious profession in the Ottoman society becausethose who engaged in this profession were qualified people with artisticskills and they were reliable people never involved in fraudulent deeds.Moreover, the fact that seals were used in all official and privatebusinesses, that they were important in social life and that sultansfavored this art so much so that some sultans like Mahmoud 2ndengraved seals themselves raised the prestige of the profession.Seals are classified as imperial seal, personal seals, foundationseals and official seals on the basis of their purpose of use and the persons who will use them

Pluvials, Droughts, Energetics, and the Mongol Empire

Science.gov (United States)

Hessl, A. E.; Pederson, N.; Baatarbileg, N.

2012-12-01

The success of the Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous land empire the world has ever known, is a historical enigma. At its peak in the late 13th century, the empire influenced areas from the Hungary to southern Asia and Persia. Powered by domesticated herbivores, the Mongol Empire grew at the expense of agriculturalists in Eastern Europe, Persia, and China. What environmental factors contributed to the rise of the Mongols? What factors influenced the disintegration of the empire by 1300 CE? Until now, little high resolution environmental data have been available to address these questions. We use tree-ring records of past temperature and water to illuminate the role of energy and water in the evolution of the Mongol Empire. The study of energetics has long been applied to biological and ecological systems but has only recently become a theme in understanding modern coupled natural and human systems (CNH). Because water and energy are tightly linked in human and natural systems, studying their synergies and interactions make it possible to integrate knowledge across disciplines and human history, yielding important lessons for modern societies. We focus on the role of energy and water in the trajectory of an empire, including its rise, development, and demise. Our research is focused on the Orkhon Valley, seat of the Mongol Empire, where recent paleoenvironmental and archeological discoveries allow high resolution reconstructions of past human and environmental conditions for the first time. Our preliminary records indicate that the period 1210-1230 CE, the height of Chinggis Khan's reign is one of the longest and most consistent pluvials in our tree ring reconstruction of interannual drought. Reconstructed temperature derived from five millennium-long records from subalpine forests in Mongolia document warm temperatures beginning in the early 1200's and ending with a plunge into cold temperatures in 1260. Abrupt cooling in central Mongolia at this time is

15th and 16th Centuries Blue-White Ceramics: Comparison Of Ottoman, Safavid and Chinese Samples In The Style Context / 15 ve 16. Yüzyıl Mavi-Beyaz Seramikleri: Osmanlı, Safevi ve Çin Hanedanlığı Örneklerinin Üslup Bağlamında Karşılaştırılması

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Sevcan ÖLÇER

2018-04-01

Full Text Available The Ottoman, Safavid and Chinese dynasties are the great civilizations that bridge the east and the west throughout history and turn cultural accumulations into a common synthesis with qualified art products. Particularly, in the 15th and 16th centuries, these states, which were dominant in Anatolia, Central Asia and the Far East, were in constant contact with each other for political or socio-economic reasons. Shortly, we can list these reasons as warfare, diplomatic gifts, artist shopping, and commercial movements through the Silk Road. Among these civilizations, artistic interactions that take place for various reasons arise, especially in small handicrafts such as weaving, mine, wood, glass and ceramics. Artistic interactions and styles between Ottoman, Safavid and Chinese dynasties, especially in blue-white ceramics, contain remarkable examples. The blue-white ceramics that started to develop in China since the 14th century were highly appreciated by the Safavids and the Ottomans. On the other hand, both countries have united their native and foreign styles in their regions in the 15th and 16th centuries, taking advantage of their pre-existing cultural heritage. In our work, firstly the blue-white ceramics and production centers produced by Safavids since its foundation were emphasized and the differences between the centers were explained. Afterwards, information about the Ottoman ceramics with red-pasty Milet ware and white-pasty blue-and-white first-century ceramics was given and the emerging styles of ironing originating from Iran or China were examined. In addition, the compositions of decors developed by the masters and artifacts are compared with each other in the axis of China, Safavid and Ottoman. [TR: Osmanlı, Safevi ve Çin Hanedanlıkları, tarih boyunca doğu ve batı arasında köprü kuran, nitelikli sanat ürünleriyle kültür birikimlerini ortak bir senteze dönüştüren büyük medeniyetlerdendir. Özellikle 15 ve 16. y

Integrated empirical ethics: loss of normativity?

Science.gov (United States)

van der Scheer, Lieke; Widdershoven, Guy

2004-01-01

An important discussion in contemporary ethics concerns the relevance of empirical research for ethics. Specifically, two crucial questions pertain, respectively, to the possibility of inferring normative statements from descriptive statements, and to the danger of a loss of normativity if normative statements should be based on empirical research. Here we take part in the debate and defend integrated empirical ethical research: research in which normative guidelines are established on the basis of empirical research and in which the guidelines are empirically evaluated by focusing on observable consequences. We argue that in our concrete example normative statements are not derived from descriptive statements, but are developed within a process of reflection and dialogue that goes on within a specific praxis. Moreover, we show that the distinction in experience between the desirable and the undesirable precludes relativism. The normative guidelines so developed are both critical and normative: they help in choosing the right action and in evaluating that action. Finally, following Aristotle, we plead for a return to the view that morality and ethics are inherently related to one another, and for an acknowledgment of the fact that moral judgments have their origin in experience which is always related to historical and cultural circumstances.

Empirical agent-based modelling challenges and solutions

CERN Document Server

Barreteau, Olivier

2014-01-01

This instructional book showcases techniques to parameterise human agents in empirical agent-based models (ABM). In doing so, it provides a timely overview of key ABM methodologies and the most innovative approaches through a variety of empirical applications.  It features cutting-edge research from leading academics and practitioners, and will provide a guide for characterising and parameterising human agents in empirical ABM.  In order to facilitate learning, this text shares the valuable experiences of other modellers in particular modelling situations. Very little has been published in the area of empirical ABM, and this contributed volume will appeal to graduate-level students and researchers studying simulation modeling in economics, sociology, ecology, and trans-disciplinary studies, such as topics related to sustainability. In a similar vein to the instruction found in a cookbook, this text provides the empirical modeller with a set of 'recipes'  ready to be implemented. Agent-based modeling (AB...

Empirical Legality and Effective Reality

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Hernán Pringe

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The conditions that Kant’s doctrine establishes are examined for the predication of the effective reality of certain empirical objects. It is maintained that a for such a predication, it is necessary to have not only perception but also a certain homogeneity of sensible data, and b the knowledge of the existence of certain empirical objects depends on the application of regulative principles of experience.

Osmanlı Devletinin Son Yıllarında Ağnam Vergisine Yapılan Zamlar Rise In Ağnam (Sheep Tax In The Recent Years Of Ottoman State

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Ünal TAŞKIN

2013-07-01

Full Text Available People generally known as rayah in Ottoman State had some responsibilities to state. Among these responsibilities there were tax figures to be paid about agricultural and husbandry facilities. Each rayah doing husbandry facilities made payments in certain rates according to animal breed fed. Known as the tax of sheep and goat in the classical time of state, sheep tax gained a more general meaning and was subject to new regulations. It was initiated to be collected with a method called mukataa and expressing a certain amount determined in advance since the XVII. century of Ottoman State. Called as sheep tax mukataa, this income became one the most important figure of central treasury. Since the XIX. by abandoning the collection in kind method additional taxes with various names were also abolished.The price determined as the amount of tax was too much for some regions of the state because of regional differences in sheep prices. Because of this it was initiated to determine how much income was gained from the milk and wool of sheep and goat according to each region with the new regulation since the second part of the XIX. century. Determined by local administrations seperately, the tax figure of these amounts were determined in central office.As the rise in the taxes caused a negative effect on public, they were read justed towards the end of XIX. century. Reasons such as the current social situation of state, the worry of fund raising and political events caused changes in the encashment of taxes called as ağnam group. In ourwork the eight fold rise in ağnam tax which is accepted as one of the most important sources for recovering budget deficit of Ottoman State is goingto be studied. Osmanlı Devleti’nde reaya genel adıyla bilinen halkın, devletekarşı birtakım mükellefiyetleri vardı. Bu mükellefiyetler içerisinde,tarım ve hayvancılık faaliyetlerinden kaynaklı, ödenmesi gereken vergikalemleri mevcuttu. Hayvanc

Empirical comparison of theories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Opp, K.D.; Wippler, R.

1990-01-01

The book represents the first, comprehensive attempt to take an empirical approach for comparative assessment of theories in sociology. The aims, problems, and advantages of the empirical approach are discussed in detail, and the three theories selected for the purpose of this work are explained. Their comparative assessment is performed within the framework of several research projects, which among other subjects also investigate the social aspects of the protest against nuclear power plants. The theories analysed in this context are the theory of mental incongruities and that of the benefit, and their efficiency in explaining protest behaviour is compared. (orig./HSCH) [de

Teaching Empirical Software Engineering Using Expert Teams

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kuhrmann, Marco

2017-01-01

Empirical software engineering aims at making software engineering claims measurable, i.e., to analyze and understand phenomena in software engineering and to evaluate software engineering approaches and solutions. Due to the involvement of humans and the multitude of fields for which software...... is crucial, software engineering is considered hard to teach. Yet, empirical software engineering increases this difficulty by adding the scientific method as extra dimension. In this paper, we present a Master-level course on empirical software engineering in which different empirical instruments...... an extra specific expertise that they offer as service to other teams, thus, fostering cross-team collaboration. The paper outlines the general course setup, topics addressed, and it provides initial lessons learned....

Advertising Intellection in Ottoman Empire Period end Sample of Tanin Newspaper between 1908 and 1909 Years

OpenAIRE

Ayşe Hanife KOCAKAYA

2016-01-01

Advertising that has become an indispensable element of today’s conditions has also become a frequently used tool of goods and services the companies utilized. With the advances in technology, the number of companies that commercialises their goods has been steadily increasing day by day. That fact that advertising has become such a significant sector of the industry; has provided this sector with the opportunity to contact a lot of people all at the same time. That is why; advertising is spe...

Umayyad Relations with Byzantium Empire

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Mansoor Haidari

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This research investigates the political and military relations between Umayyad caliphates with the Byzantine Empire. The aim of this research is to clarify Umayyad caliphate’s relations with the Byzantine Empire. We know that these relations were mostly about war and fight. Because there were always intense conflicts between Muslims and the Byzantine Empire, they had to have an active continuous diplomacy to call truce and settle the disputes. Thus, based on the general policy of the Umayyad caliphs, Christians were severely ignored and segregated within Islamic territories. This segregation of the Christians was highly affected by political relationships. It is worthy of mentioning that Umayyad caliphs brought the governing style of the Sassanid kings and Roman Caesar into the Islamic Caliphate system but they didn’t establish civil institutions and administrative organizations.

Empirical training for conditional random fields

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zhu, Zhemin; Hiemstra, Djoerd; Apers, Peter M.G.; Wombacher, Andreas

2013-01-01

In this paper (Zhu et al., 2013), we present a practi- cally scalable training method for CRFs called Empir- ical Training (EP). We show that the standard train- ing with unregularized log likelihood can have many maximum likelihood estimations (MLEs). Empirical training has a unique closed form MLE

Empirical Phenomenology: A Qualitative Research Approach (The ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Empirical Phenomenology: A Qualitative Research Approach (The Cologne Seminars) ... and practical application of empirical phenomenology in social research. ... and considers its implications for qualitative methods such as interviewing ...

Empirical logic and quantum mechanics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Foulis, D.J.; Randall, C.H.

1976-01-01

This article discusses some of the basic notions of quantum physics within the more general framework of operational statistics and empirical logic (as developed in Foulis and Randall, 1972, and Randall and Foulis, 1973). Empirical logic is a formal mathematical system in which the notion of an operation is primitive and undefined; all other concepts are rigorously defined in terms of such operations (which are presumed to correspond to actual physical procedures). (Auth.)

Empirical Moral Philosophy and Teacher Education

Science.gov (United States)

Schjetne, Espen; Afdal, Hilde Wågsås; Anker, Trine; Johannesen, Nina; Afdal, Geir

2016-01-01

In this paper, we explore the possible contributions of empirical moral philosophy to professional ethics in teacher education. We argue that it is both possible and desirable to connect knowledge of how teachers empirically do and understand professional ethics with normative theories of teachers' professional ethics. Our argument is made in…

Autobiography After Empire

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasch, Astrid

of the collective, but insufficient attention has been paid to how individuals respond to such narrative changes. This dissertation examines the relationship between individual and collective memory at the end of empire through analysis of 13 end of empire autobiographies by public intellectuals from Australia......Decolonisation was a major event of the twentieth century, redrawing maps and impacting on identity narratives around the globe. As new nations defined their place in the world, the national and imperial past was retold in new cultural memories. These developments have been studied at the level......, the Anglophone Caribbean and Zimbabwe. I conceive of memory as reconstructive and social, with individual memory striving to make sense of the past in the present in dialogue with surrounding narratives. By examining recurring tropes in the autobiographies, like colonial education, journeys to the imperial...

Virgin Mary’s Importance in Islam and its Reflection on Classical Turkish Literature and Turkish Language

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Abdulhekim Koçin

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The language used by a poet or an author in a literary work in verse or prose, and the way he uses idioms, proverbs and literary arts in that language indicate the success of his art. The achievement of author in this matter makes him well known in the country where he lives. However, the topic choice is as important as an artist’s language skills. That’s why poets and authors prefer universal subjects such as love, death, religion, religious personalities (like prophets, saints, etc. and humanity (man's way of living and right to live in their works. If artists produce universal subjects with a clear language, a fluent wording and a strong story line, this achievement makes them famous both nationally and internationally. This fact can also be applied to the literature of any nation. Literary works containing local subjects cannot take their place in the world’s literary history. Classical Turkish literature (Ottoman Period Turkish Literature is extremely rich in subject matter. The period in which Classical Turkish Literature continued its existence was the period when the Ottoman state dominated large geographical regions in Asia, Europe and Africa. Accordingly, the lifestyles, beliefs, traditions and customs of people from different religions, races and cultures living in these geographies; in other words, the issues that are important to these people were also reflected in the literature produced in this period. The subject of this article Virgin Mary is an important religious and a historical personality primarily for the Ottoman state’s Christians and Muslim subjects as well as those who weren’t the subjects of Ottoman Empire. In this article, first how Virgin Mary took part in the two most important sources of Classical Turkish literature, Koran and the hadiths will be summarized. Secondly, Virgin Mary’s place in Classical Turkish literature and the vocabulary and concepts that Turkish language gained through Virgin Mary will

ثنائية توظيف المصادر المحلية و الأوربية في كتابة تاريخ الجزائر أثناء العهد العثماني من خلال تجربتي دوفو ودي غرامون

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حنيفي هلايلي

2009-03-01

Full Text Available For a long time, European works and foreign documents remained the only way to study the history of Algeria in the Ottoman era. Despite the absence of Ottoman documents and local sources, whether written in Arabic or Turkish, these studies were present. It has been hoped that it will be exploited and will reveal a range of issues that have remained difficult to understand and difficult to interpret in the light of the unilateral reliance on foreign texts. Albert Devoulx has made extensive use of the Ottoman documents he has discovered and studied. He has published numerous documents in the form of independent books or studies in the African Journal. This was his first attempt to employ local sources to write the history of Ottoman Algeria. But De Grammont categorically refused to rely on local sources to write the history of Algeria during the Ottoman period, questioned its integrity and credibility and accused it of abstraction and exaggeration. He called on European trips, archives of European countries, memoirs, correspondence of consuls and the impressions of monks and spies. Thus, most of the studies written by De Grammont are tendentious and are intended to serve French colonialism in the field of history.

The Tower Shielding Facility: Its glorious past

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muckenthaler, F.J.

1997-05-07

The Tower Shielding Facility (TSF) is the only reactor facility in the US that was designed and built for radiation-shielding studies in which both the reactor source and shield samples could be raised into the air to allow measurements to be made without interference from ground scattering or other spurious effects. The TSF proved its usefulness as many different programs were successfully completed. It became active in work for the Defense Atomic Support Agency (DASA) Space Nuclear Auxiliary Power, Defense Nuclear Agency, Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor Program, the Gas-Cooled and High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor programs, and the Japanese-American Shielding Program of Experimental Research, just to mention a few of the more extensive ones. The history of the TSF as presented in this report describes the various experiments that were performed using the different reactors. The experiments are categorized as to the programs which they supported and placed in corresponding chapters. The experiments are described in modest detail, along with their purpose when appropriate. Discussion of the results is minimal, but references are given to more extensive topical reports.

In defence of auscultation: a glorious future?

Science.gov (United States)

Thompson, W Reid

2017-01-01

Auscultation of the heart using a simple stethoscope continues to be a central aspect of the cardiovascular examination despite declining proficiency and availability of competing technologies such as hand-held ultrasound. In the ears and mind of a trained cardiologist, heart sounds can provide important information to help screen for certain diseases such as valvar lesions and many congenital defects. Using emerging technology, auscultation is poised to undergo a transformation that will simultaneously improve the teaching and evaluation of this important clinical skill and create a new generation of smart stethoscopes, capable of assisting the clinician in quickly and confidently screening for heart disease. These developments have important implications for global health, screening of athletes and recognition of congenital heart disease. PMID:28243316

The Tower Shielding Facility: Its glorious past

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muckenthaler, F.J.

1997-01-01

The Tower Shielding Facility (TSF) is the only reactor facility in the US that was designed and built for radiation-shielding studies in which both the reactor source and shield samples could be raised into the air to allow measurements to be made without interference from ground scattering or other spurious effects. The TSF proved its usefulness as many different programs were successfully completed. It became active in work for the Defense Atomic Support Agency (DASA) Space Nuclear Auxiliary Power, Defense Nuclear Agency, Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor Program, the Gas-Cooled and High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor programs, and the Japanese-American Shielding Program of Experimental Research, just to mention a few of the more extensive ones. The history of the TSF as presented in this report describes the various experiments that were performed using the different reactors. The experiments are categorized as to the programs which they supported and placed in corresponding chapters. The experiments are described in modest detail, along with their purpose when appropriate. Discussion of the results is minimal, but references are given to more extensive topical reports

Bernoulli Brothers

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In the long, glorious history of mathematics, we come across ... family flourished in business, but afterwards, its descendants .... teaching calculus to contemporary renowned mathematicians including Guillaume FrancoiseAntoiRe de.

Empirical Research In Engineering Design

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ahmed, Saeema

2007-01-01

Increasingly engineering design research involves the use of empirical studies that are conducted within an industrial environment [Ahmed, 2001; Court 1995; Hales 1987]. Research into the use of information by designers or understanding how engineers build up experience are examples of research...... of research issues. This paper describes case studies of empirical research carried out within industry in engineering design focusing upon information, knowledge and experience in engineering design. The paper describes the research methods employed, their suitability for the particular research aims...

The Impact of the Confiscation of the Turkish Dreadnoughts and of the Transfer of Goeben and Breslau to Constantinople upon the Turkish Entry into WWI

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Heinz Richter

2013-01-01

Full Text Available When Winston Churchill then First Sealord of the Royal Navy had the two Dreanoughts, ordered and paid for by the Ottoman Empire before World War I, confiscated he created the preconditions for the Goeben-and Breslau-affair and the entry of Turkey into the war. This “act of piracy” (B. Tuchman shifted the weight from the so far stronger neutralists to the bellicists with in the Turkish Government towards war minister Enver. Without this mistake Goeben and Breslau would never have sought shelter in Turkey. And these two men of war were the reason for Turkey’s entry into the war when they bombarded Russian harbours in the Black Sea.

Post Second World War immigration from Balkan countries to Turkey.

Science.gov (United States)

Kirisci, K

1995-01-01

"Although there are some works, both in English and Turkish, that have studied migration into the Ottoman empire from the Balkans during the 19th century...it is difficult to find any systematic and comprehensive literature that examines the period since the establishment of the Turkish Republic.... This article aims at filling some of this gap....[The article offers] an analysis of the size and causes of migration from the Balkans to Turkey since the end of the Second World War. The statistics for tables used in this article, unless stated otherwise, have been obtained from the General Directorate of Village Works in Ankara, which is responsible for keeping the statistical records on immigrants arriving in Turkey." excerpt

On the Sophistication of Naïve Empirical Reasoning: Factors Influencing Mathematicians' Persuasion Ratings of Empirical Arguments

Science.gov (United States)

Weber, Keith

2013-01-01

This paper presents the results of an experiment in which mathematicians were asked to rate how persuasive they found two empirical arguments. There were three key results from this study: (a) Participants judged an empirical argument as more persuasive if it verified that integers possessed an infrequent property than if it verified that integers…

Two concepts of empirical ethics.

Science.gov (United States)

Parker, Malcolm

2009-05-01

The turn to empirical ethics answers two calls. The first is for a richer account of morality than that afforded by bioethical principlism, which is cast as excessively abstract and thin on the facts. The second is for the facts in question to be those of human experience and not some other, unworldly realm. Empirical ethics therefore promises a richer naturalistic ethics, but in fulfilling the second call it often fails to heed the metaethical requirements related to the first. Empirical ethics risks losing the normative edge which necessarily characterizes the ethical, by failing to account for the nature and the logic of moral norms. I sketch a naturalistic theory, teleological expressivism (TE), which negotiates the naturalistic fallacy by providing a more satisfactory means of taking into account facts and research data with ethical implications. The examples of informed consent and the euthanasia debate are used to illustrate the superiority of this approach, and the problems consequent on including the facts in the wrong kind of way.

Beating the Turkish hollow in the struggle for existence: Darwin, social Darwinism and the Turks.

Science.gov (United States)

Bilgili, Alper

2017-10-01

Despite the vast literature on Darwinism and race, the way in which Darwin's opinions on race were received and used by non-Western circles has been little studied. In the case of the Turks, Darwin's comments have been related to British-Ottoman relations, and Darwin was blamed for stoking anti-Turkish sentiment within Europe. This allegedly resulted in the British occupation of Egypt in the 19th century, the demise of the Ottoman Empire, as well as contemporary Neo-Nazi arson attacks in Germany which targeted Turkish migrants. Consequently, Turkish anti-Darwinists perceive Darwinism to be not merely a false scientific theory, but also a political-ideological instrument of Western hegemony wielded against Turkey and the Islamic World. Turkish Darwinists who responded to those claims, on the other hand, presented Darwin as an egalitarian who could overcome the prejudices of his social class. Further scrutiny, however, proves both accounts to be over-simplistic. This paper aims to throw some light on the context within which Darwin expressed his opinions on Turks and thus contribute to the broader discussion of the relationship between Darwinism and race. More importantly, it aims to familiarise Western readers with one of the cultures of creationism which is very little known, despite its great impact on Muslim masses. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

فن تصوير المخطوطات التاريخية العثمانية (( مخطوط تاج التواريخ - نسخة المكتبة الأهلية في باريس(1 أنموذجاً

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

شيماء جاسم حسين

2017-08-01

Full Text Available It is no secret the importance of manuscripts, as it contains valuable information thathelp researchers to knew a lot about the past News , so. it is considered as an important informationaland documentary source , Especially if they provided the pictures illustrate the text contained within. And it became the art of illustrated manuscripts their own schools, Period from the 15thcentury until the 19th century representthe brightestfor this art, So it witnessed the boom of three of the most important painting schools . Including the Ottoman school, which played a prominent role during the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries , Due to the length of this period that experienced (699-1342 AH / 1300-1924 AD .The large number and diversity of what was produced . Especially in the field of historical manuscripts that have kept for us and provided us with crucial information . concerning A lot of different historical events Details such as The wars of the state, and the inauguration ceremony of the sultans and circumcision ceremonies and so on. Sultan Selim I shared in those manuscripts, because of his era witnessed various events that concluded in " Tag Eltawarich " manuscript dates from within the of the study addressed the sultans from the beginning of the emergence of the Ottoman Empire, and the end of his age .

Trade and Empire

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bang, Peter Fibiger

2007-01-01

This articles seeks to establish a new set of organizing concepts for the analysis of the Roman imperial economy from Republic to late antiquity: tributary empire, port-folio capitalism and protection costs. Together these concepts explain better economic developments in the Roman world than the...

Quantitative analyses of empirical fitness landscapes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Szendro, Ivan G; Franke, Jasper; Krug, Joachim; Schenk, Martijn F; De Visser, J Arjan G M

2013-01-01

The concept of a fitness landscape is a powerful metaphor that offers insight into various aspects of evolutionary processes and guidance for the study of evolution. Until recently, empirical evidence on the ruggedness of these landscapes was lacking, but since it became feasible to construct all possible genotypes containing combinations of a limited set of mutations, the number of studies has grown to a point where a classification of landscapes becomes possible. The aim of this review is to identify measures of epistasis that allow a meaningful comparison of fitness landscapes and then apply them to the empirical landscapes in order to discern factors that affect ruggedness. The various measures of epistasis that have been proposed in the literature appear to be equivalent. Our comparison shows that the ruggedness of the empirical landscape is affected by whether the included mutations are beneficial or deleterious and by whether intragenic or intergenic epistasis is involved. Finally, the empirical landscapes are compared to landscapes generated with the rough Mt Fuji model. Despite the simplicity of this model, it captures the features of the experimental landscapes remarkably well. (paper)

Empirical pseudo-potential studies on electronic structure

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Theoretical investigations of electronic structure of quantum dots is of current interest in nanophase materials. Empirical theories such as effective mass approximation, tight binding methods and empirical pseudo-potential method are capable of explaining the experimentally observed optical properties. We employ the ...

An Empirical Taxonomy of Crowdfunding Intermediaries

OpenAIRE

Haas, Philipp; Blohm, Ivo; Leimeister, Jan Marco

2014-01-01

Due to the recent popularity of crowdfunding, a broad magnitude of crowdfunding intermediaries has emerged, while research on crowdfunding intermediaries has been largely neglected. As a consequence, existing classifications of crowdfunding intermediaries are conceptual, lack theoretical grounding, and are not empirically validated. Thus, we develop an empirical taxonomy of crowdfunding intermediaries, which is grounded in the theories of two-sided markets and financial intermediation. Integr...

A sensitivity analysis of centrifugal compressors' empirical models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoon, Sung Ho; Baek, Je Hyun

2001-01-01

The mean-line method using empirical models is the most practical method of predicting off-design performance. To gain insight into the empirical models, the influence of empirical models on the performance prediction results is investigated. We found that, in the two-zone model, the secondary flow mass fraction has a considerable effect at high mass flow-rates on the performance prediction curves. In the TEIS model, the first element changes the slope of the performance curves as well as the stable operating range. The second element makes the performance curves move up and down as it increases or decreases. It is also discovered that the slip factor affects pressure ratio, but it has little effect on efficiency. Finally, this study reveals that the skin friction coefficient has significant effect on both the pressure ratio curve and the efficiency curve. These results show the limitations of the present empirical models, and more reasonable empirical models are reeded

Gazprom: the new empire

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guillemoles, A.; Lazareva, A.

2008-01-01

Gazprom is conquering the world. The Russian industrial giant owns the hugest gas reserves and enjoys the privilege of a considerable power. Gazprom edits journals, owns hospitals, airplanes and has even built cities where most of the habitants work for him. With 400000 workers, Gazprom represents 8% of Russia's GDP. This inquiry describes the history and operation of this empire and show how its has become a masterpiece of the government's strategy of russian influence reconquest at the world scale. Is it going to be a winning game? Are the corruption affairs and the expected depletion of resources going to weaken the empire? The authors shade light on the political and diplomatic strategies that are played around the crucial dossier of the energy supply. (J.S.)

Birds of paradise for the sultan. Early seventeenth-century Dutch-Turkish encounters and the uses of wonder

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Claudia Swan

2013-05-01

Full Text Available This article describes and analyzes the first diplomatic gift presented by the States General of the Netherlands to the Ottoman Sultan Ahmet I in 1612/1613. The extensive and very costly assortment of items was presented to the Sultan in gratitude for capitulations, permitting the Dutch access to Ottoman ports and therefore direct access to trade in the Levant and Mediterranean. This paper describes the diplomatic gift, a long-neglected episode in Dutch material cultural history, and looks in particular at the role that wonder and wonders played in structuring this remarkable encounter between the fledgling Dutch Republic and the Ottoman court.

Intermodal connectivity in Europe, an empirical exploration

NARCIS (Netherlands)

de Langen, P.W.; Lases Figueroa, D.M.; van Donselaar, K.H.; Bozuwa, J.

2017-01-01

In this paper we analyse the intermodal connectivity in Europe. The empirical analysis is to our knowledge the first empirical analysis of intermodal connections, and is based on a comprehensive database of intermodal connections in Europe. The paper focuses on rail and barge services, as they are

The emerging empirics of evolutionary economic geography

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boschma, R.A.; Frenken, K.

2011-01-01

Following last decade’s programmatic papers on Evolutionary Economic Geography, we report on recent empirical advances and how this empirical work can be positioned vis-a`-vis other strands of research in economic geography. First, we review studies on the path dependent nature of clustering, and

The emerging empirics of evolutionary economic geography

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boschma, R.A.; Frenken, K.

2010-01-01

Following last decade’s programmatic papers on Evolutionary Economic Geography, we report on recent empirical advances and how this empirical work can be positioned vis-à-vis other strands of research in economic geography. First, we review studies on the path dependent nature of clustering, and how

The emerging empirics of evolutionary economic geography.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boschma, R.A.; Frenken, K.

2011-01-01

Following last decade’s programmatic papers on Evolutionary Economic Geography, we report on recent empirical advances and how this empirical work can be positioned vis-a`-vis other strands of research in economic geography. First, we review studies on the path dependent nature of clustering, and

Methods for Calculating Empires in Quasicrystals

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Fang Fang

2017-10-01

Full Text Available This paper reviews the empire problem for quasiperiodic tilings and the existing methods for generating the empires of the vertex configurations in quasicrystals, while introducing a new and more efficient method based on the cut-and-project technique. Using Penrose tiling as an example, this method finds the forced tiles with the restrictions in the high dimensional lattice (the mother lattice that can be cut-and-projected into the lower dimensional quasicrystal. We compare our method to the two existing methods, namely one method that uses the algorithm of the Fibonacci chain to force the Ammann bars in order to find the forced tiles of an empire and the method that follows the work of N.G. de Bruijn on constructing a Penrose tiling as the dual to a pentagrid. This new method is not only conceptually simple and clear, but it also allows us to calculate the empires of the vertex configurations in a defected quasicrystal by reversing the configuration of the quasicrystal to its higher dimensional lattice, where we then apply the restrictions. These advantages may provide a key guiding principle for phason dynamics and an important tool for self error-correction in quasicrystal growth.

An empirical analysis of Diaspora bonds

OpenAIRE

AKKOYUNLU, Şule; STERN, Max

2018-01-01

Abstract. This study is the first to investigate theoretically and empirically the determinants of Diaspora Bonds for eight developing countries (Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Lebanon, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sri-Lanka) and one developed country - Israel for the period 1951 and 2008. Empirical results are consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model. The most robust variables are the closeness indicator and the sovereign rating, both on the demand-side. The spread is ...

How rational should bioethics be? The value of empirical approaches.

Science.gov (United States)

Alvarez, A A

2001-10-01

Rational justification of claims with empirical content calls for empirical and not only normative philosophical investigation. Empirical approaches to bioethics are epistemically valuable, i.e., such methods may be necessary in providing and verifying basic knowledge about cultural values and norms. Our assumptions in moral reasoning can be verified or corrected using these methods. Moral arguments can be initiated or adjudicated by data drawn from empirical investigation. One may argue that individualistic informed consent, for example, is not compatible with the Asian communitarian orientation. But this normative claim uses an empirical assumption that may be contrary to the fact that some Asians do value and argue for informed consent. Is it necessary and factual to neatly characterize some cultures as individualistic and some as communitarian? Empirical investigation can provide a reasonable way to inform such generalizations. In a multi-cultural context, such as in the Philippines, there is a need to investigate the nature of the local ethos before making any appeal to authenticity. Otherwise we may succumb to the same ethical imperialism we are trying hard to resist. Normative claims that involve empirical premises cannot be reasonable verified or evaluated without utilizing empirical methods along with philosophical reflection. The integration of empirical methods to the standard normative approach to moral reasoning should be reasonably guided by the epistemic demands of claims arising from cross-cultural discourse in bioethics.

Merging expert and empirical data for rare event frequency estimation: Pool homogenisation for empirical Bayes models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Quigley, John; Hardman, Gavin; Bedford, Tim; Walls, Lesley

2011-01-01

Empirical Bayes provides one approach to estimating the frequency of rare events as a weighted average of the frequencies of an event and a pool of events. The pool will draw upon, for example, events with similar precursors. The higher the degree of homogeneity of the pool, then the Empirical Bayes estimator will be more accurate. We propose and evaluate a new method using homogenisation factors under the assumption that events are generated from a Homogeneous Poisson Process. The homogenisation factors are scaling constants, which can be elicited through structured expert judgement and used to align the frequencies of different events, hence homogenising the pool. The estimation error relative to the homogeneity of the pool is examined theoretically indicating that reduced error is associated with larger pool homogeneity. The effects of misspecified expert assessments of the homogenisation factors are examined theoretically and through simulation experiments. Our results show that the proposed Empirical Bayes method using homogenisation factors is robust under different degrees of misspecification.

Cihan-ı Islam: A Journal Published as Propaganda During the First World War

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Mehmet ÇANLI

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The Cihan-Islam Journal which started its publication life as part of Cemiyet-i Hayriye-i İslamiye (Hayriye-i İslamiye Community was published for propaganda reasons in the pre-First World War period. The Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa which was the intelligence organization of the Ottoman Empire financially supported and directed this journal and was also under the audition of the Ittihadists. The aim of publishing this journal was to raise awareness of the Muslim public living in India, Egypt and Iran which was under the occupation of the British Empire and to prevent the propaganda made against the Ottoman Empire by the British. The owner of this journal was Ebu Saidü’lArabi who was a leading figure among the Indian Muslims and an important person of the Teşkilat- Mahsusa. The journal was published in Istanbul from 9 April 1914 to October 1915. It continued to be published in Bağdat after this peroid. In this study the copies of the journal published in Istanbul have been examined and evaluated. The journal was published once a week starting in April, but as World War 1 broke out it was not published regularly. Only twenty-five copies could be obtained from the archives and libraries in Türkiye. The 25 copies of this journal was examined and evaluated in form and content. The headings of the news and arcticles in the journals have been given in the footnotes and the statistical quantity and evaluation of some of the news and articles have also been done. As a result of the changing policies in the course of the war, the founder and owner of the journal Ebu Said and The Teşkilat-Mahsusa or some Ittihadists had some conflicts of ideas. For this reason, the journal was attempted to be taken out of the hands of Ebu Said but this attempt failed. The journal began to be published in Bağdat starting from January 1916 because of these conflicts. The Uhuvvet Newspaper was published in Istanbul dating from November 1915 to function as this journal.

Constructions of ethnic identity in the late Ottoman Empire and Republican Turkey: The Kurds and their Others

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bruinessen, M.M. van

1997-01-01

The Kurds have suffered much violent oppression in Republican Turkey, but by and large this violence was exercised by the state, in the name of its civilizing mission. Ethnocide, the effort to eliminate Kurdish ethnic identity, was a constant element in Turkey’s policies towards the Kurds from

Empirical Evidence from Kenya

African Journals Online (AJOL)

FIRST LADY

2011-01-18

Jan 18, 2011 ... Empirical results reveal that consumption of sugar in. Kenya varies ... experiences in trade in different regions of the world. Some studies ... To assess the relationship between domestic sugar retail prices and sugar sales in ...

Empirical analysis of uranium spot prices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morman, M.R.

1988-01-01

The objective is to empirically test a market model of the uranium industry that incorporates the notion that, if the resource is viewed as an asset by economic agents, then its own rate of return along with the own rate of return of a competing asset would be a major factor in formulating the price of the resource. The model tested is based on a market model of supply and demand. The supply model incorporates the notion that the decision criteria used by uranium mine owners is to select that extraction rate that maximizes the net present value of their extraction receipts. The demand model uses a concept that allows for explicit recognition of the prospect of arbitrage between a natural-resource market and the market for other capital goods. The empirical approach used for estimation was a recursive or causal model. The empirical results were consistent with the theoretical models. The coefficients of the demand and supply equations had the appropriate signs. Tests for causality were conducted to validate the use of the causal model. The results obtained were favorable. The implication of the findings as related to future studies of exhaustible resources are: (1) in some cases causal models are the appropriate specification for empirical analysis; (2) supply models should incorporate a measure to capture depletion effects

Critical Realism and Empirical Bioethics: A Methodological Exposition.

Science.gov (United States)

McKeown, Alex

2017-09-01

This paper shows how critical realism can be used to integrate empirical data and philosophical analysis within 'empirical bioethics'. The term empirical bioethics, whilst appearing oxymoronic, simply refers to an interdisciplinary approach to the resolution of practical ethical issues within the biological and life sciences, integrating social scientific, empirical data with philosophical analysis. It seeks to achieve a balanced form of ethical deliberation that is both logically rigorous and sensitive to context, to generate normative conclusions that are practically applicable to the problem, challenge, or dilemma. Since it incorporates both philosophical and social scientific components, empirical bioethics is a field that is consistent with the use of critical realism as a research methodology. The integration of philosophical and social scientific approaches to ethics has been beset with difficulties, not least because of the irreducibly normative, rather than descriptive, nature of ethical analysis and the contested relation between fact and value. However, given that facts about states of affairs inform potential courses of action and their consequences, there is a need to overcome these difficulties and successfully integrate data with theory. Previous approaches have been formulated to overcome obstacles in combining philosophical and social scientific perspectives in bioethical analysis; however each has shortcomings. As a mature interdisciplinary approach critical realism is well suited to empirical bioethics, although it has hitherto not been widely used. Here I show how it can be applied to this kind of research and explain how it represents an improvement on previous approaches.

Empirical evaluation methods in computer vision

CERN Document Server

Christensen, Henrik I

2002-01-01

This book provides comprehensive coverage of methods for the empirical evaluation of computer vision techniques. The practical use of computer vision requires empirical evaluation to ensure that the overall system has a guaranteed performance. The book contains articles that cover the design of experiments for evaluation, range image segmentation, the evaluation of face recognition and diffusion methods, image matching using correlation methods, and the performance of medical image processing algorithms. Sample Chapter(s). Foreword (228 KB). Chapter 1: Introduction (505 KB). Contents: Automate

Empirical direction in design and analysis

CERN Document Server

Anderson, Norman H

2001-01-01

The goal of Norman H. Anderson's new book is to help students develop skills of scientific inference. To accomplish this he organized the book around the ""Experimental Pyramid""--six levels that represent a hierarchy of considerations in empirical investigation--conceptual framework, phenomena, behavior, measurement, design, and statistical inference. To facilitate conceptual and empirical understanding, Anderson de-emphasizes computational formulas and null hypothesis testing. Other features include: *emphasis on visual inspection as a basic skill in experimental analysis to help student

“Licentious Barbarians”: Representations of North African Muslims in Britain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aimillia Mohd Ramli

2009-06-01

Full Text Available This study traces the various historical contexts under which representations of North African Muslims were created from the sixteenth century until the nineteenth century in Britain. It shows that the image of Muslims that is being propagated in the media today as sexually licentious, oppressive towards women and barbaric were created from the earliest encounters between Westerners and Muslims from North Africa in the sixteenth century and became gradually consolidated in both fictional and factual writings throughout a few centuries up until the nineteenth century. While historical contexts experienced change as a result of the advent and decline of the Ottoman Empire as well as the emergence of Western Imperialism in the nineteenth century, images of Muslims remained largely the same.

Development of Capital Markets in Turkey and Analysis of Financial Structure of the Intermediary Institutions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fikret Kartal

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Capital markets, where demand and supply for medium to long term finance meet, are more active and efficient in higher income countries. Capital markets are insufficiently developed in emerging countries such as Turkey that have the structural and institutional obstacles and lack of capital. The first market with securities was established in 19th century in the Ottoman Empire; the Turkish capital markets have gone through the reform programmes as a part of liberalization started in 1980; but the banking sector constitutes the biggest part of the financial sector. The paper presents the development of capital markets in Turkey and analyzes the intermediary institutions by using the financial statements and ratios for the period December 2007-December 2011.

Symbiotic empirical ethics: a practical methodology.

Science.gov (United States)

Frith, Lucy

2012-05-01

Like any discipline, bioethics is a developing field of academic inquiry; and recent trends in scholarship have been towards more engagement with empirical research. This 'empirical turn' has provoked extensive debate over how such 'descriptive' research carried out in the social sciences contributes to the distinctively normative aspect of bioethics. This paper will address this issue by developing a practical research methodology for the inclusion of data from social science studies into ethical deliberation. This methodology will be based on a naturalistic conception of ethical theory that sees practice as informing theory just as theory informs practice - the two are symbiotically related. From this engagement with practice, the ways that such theories need to be extended and developed can be determined. This is a practical methodology for integrating theory and practice that can be used in empirical studies, one that uses ethical theory both to explore the data and to draw normative conclusions. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Reframing Serial Murder Within Empirical Research.

Science.gov (United States)

Gurian, Elizabeth A

2017-04-01

Empirical research on serial murder is limited due to the lack of consensus on a definition, the continued use of primarily descriptive statistics, and linkage to popular culture depictions. These limitations also inhibit our understanding of these offenders and affect credibility in the field of research. Therefore, this comprehensive overview of a sample of 508 cases (738 total offenders, including partnered groups of two or more offenders) provides analyses of solo male, solo female, and partnered serial killers to elucidate statistical differences and similarities in offending and adjudication patterns among the three groups. This analysis of serial homicide offenders not only supports previous research on offending patterns present in the serial homicide literature but also reveals that empirically based analyses can enhance our understanding beyond traditional case studies and descriptive statistics. Further research based on these empirical analyses can aid in the development of more accurate classifications and definitions of serial murderers.

Empirical knowledge in legislation and regulation : A decision making perspective

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Trautmann, S.T.

2013-01-01

This commentary considers the pros and cons of the empirical approach to legislation from the vantage point of empirical decision making research. It focuses on methodological aspects that are typically not considered by legal scholars. It points out weaknesses in the empirical approach that are

The Aesthetics of Fascism.

Science.gov (United States)

Wander, Philip

1983-01-01

Analyzes how war is treated in four films: "The Deerhunter,""Patton,""M*A*S*H," and "Apocalypse Now." Considers the critical question of how art handles the implication that "slaughter is attractive, necessary, or somehow glorious." (PD)

[Alexandre Vallaury and two of the buildings he constructed].

Science.gov (United States)

Ceylan, O

1995-01-01

A. Vallaury appears in the Ottoman society as an architect and an educator with his remarkable personality in the late XIX. century. In this essay two buildings designed by Vallaury, "Mekteb-i Tibbiye-i Sâhâne" and "Büyükada Greek Orphanage" are described. This study consists of three parts, Vallaury's life story, his works and contribution to the Ottoman architecture. Vallaury was born in Istanbul on April 2, 1850. His parents were of Levantin and French origin. He went to Paris for higher education and attended the School of Fine Arts. On returning to Istanbul, he worked as a teacher of architecture at the "Sanayi-i Nefise Mekteb-i Alisi", (today's Mimar Sinan University) from March 2, 1883 to August 10, 1908. He was rewarded with Legion d'Honneur in 1896. He died in Istanbul on May 2, 1921. Vallaury's works may be classified as, commercial, cultural, educational, residential and religious buildings. Some of his works may be exemplified as such: Afif Pasha Yalisi (Seaside Residence) at Istinye, Mecid Efendi Kiosk at Bağlarbasşi, Ottoman Bank at Galata and Eminönü, Dümayûn-i (Royal Museum of Archeology) at Sultanahmet, School of Medicine at Haydarpasha, and Greek Orphanage at Büyükada. A. Vallaury fused Ottoman culture and Western forms together in his works. He also designed buildings of free articulation, new measurement and novel proportions. He was a respected Ottoman intellectual, as well.

Essays in empirical microeconomics

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Péter, A.N.

2016-01-01

The empirical studies in this thesis investigate various factors that could affect individuals' labor market, family formation and educational outcomes. Chapter 2 focuses on scheduling as a potential determinant of individuals' productivity. Chapter 3 looks at the role of a family factor on

Empires, Exceptions, and Anglo-Saxons: Race and Rule between the British and Unites States Empires, 1880-1910. Teaching the JAH.

Science.gov (United States)

OAH Magazine of History, 2002

2002-01-01

Summarizes a teaching document that is part of "Teaching the JAH" (Journal of American History) which corresponds to the article, "Empires, Exceptions, and Anglo-Saxons: Race and Rule between the British and Unites States Empires, 1880-1910" (Paul A. Kramer). Provides the Web site address for the complete installment. (CMK)

BİR AMERİKALI DİPLOMATIN GÖZÜYLE BAĞDAT DEMİR YOLU PROJESİ (ABD SİVAS KONSOLOSU HENRY M. JEWETT’İN RAPORU - THE PROJECT OF BAGHDAD RAILWAY THROUGH AMERICAN DIPLOMAT’S EYE (THE REPORT OF U.S. SİVAS CONSUL, HENRY M. JEWETT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Osman Kubiƒlay GÜL

2014-03-01

Full Text Available ÖzetDemir yolunun yaygınlaşmaya başlamasıyla birlikte Osmanlı Devleti de çağdaş dünyanın bu nimetinden faydalanmak istemiştir. Demir yolu sayesinde ekonomisini düzeltebileceği gibi, taşradaki otoritesini de kuvvetlendirebileceğini düşünmektedir. Kendisinin demir yolu projelerini hayata geçirmek için yeterince sermaye ve bilgi birikimine sahip olmaması, bu konuda Avrupalı devletlere başvurmasını zorunlu kılmıştır.Demir yolu teknolojisine sahip devletler, Osmanlı toprakları üzerinde hatlar oluşturma düşüncesine olumlu yaklaşmışlardır. Bu hatlar sayesinde ham maddeye ulaşımlarını kolaylaştıracakları gibi, üretimleri için de kendilerine kolay ulaşabilecekleri pazarlar açmayı hedeflemişlerdir.Bağdat Demiryolu Projesi, yukarıda bahsettiğimiz nedenlerden dolayı hem Osmanlı hem de Avrupalı devletler için önem arz etmektedir. İngiltere, Fransa ve Almanya arasında imtiyazı elde etme mücadelesi yaşanmıştır. Bu mücadele arasında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri de Anadolu’ya ilgi duymaya başlamıştır. İlk olarak misyonerler aracılığı ile tanımaya başladığı Anadolu’da daha sonraları konsolosluklar açarak ciddi bir teşkilatlanmaya gitmiştir. Konsoloslarının verdiği raporlarla Anadolu’nun yer altı ve yer üstü zenginliklerinin haberdar olmuştur.Henry M. Jewett, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin Sivas Konsolosudur. Bağdat Demir Yolu Projesi ortaya çıktığında ülkesi, kendisinden hattın geçeceği yerlerle ilgili bir rapor istemiştir. O da Bolu’dan başlayarak Bağdat’a kadar demir yolunun geçme ihtimalini yüksek gördüğü önemli yerleşim merkezlerini, yer altı ve yer üstü kaynakları açısından incelemiş ve ülkesine bir rapor hâlinde sunmuştur. Bu merkezlerdeki yer altı ve yer üstü zenginlikleri, ticaret olanakları ve nüfusları ile ilgili istatistikler de raporda yer almıştır.AbstractOttoman Empire also wanted to benefit from

Advancing Empirical Scholarship to Further Develop Evaluation Theory and Practice

Science.gov (United States)

Christie, Christina A.

2011-01-01

Good theory development is grounded in empirical inquiry. In the context of educational evaluation, the development of empirically grounded theory has important benefits for the field and the practitioner. In particular, a shift to empirically derived theory will assist in advancing more systematic and contextually relevant evaluation practice, as…

Multiscale empirical interpolation for solving nonlinear PDEs

KAUST Repository

Calo, Victor M.

2014-12-01

In this paper, we propose a multiscale empirical interpolation method for solving nonlinear multiscale partial differential equations. The proposed method combines empirical interpolation techniques and local multiscale methods, such as the Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method (GMsFEM). To solve nonlinear equations, the GMsFEM is used to represent the solution on a coarse grid with multiscale basis functions computed offline. Computing the GMsFEM solution involves calculating the system residuals and Jacobians on the fine grid. We use empirical interpolation concepts to evaluate these residuals and Jacobians of the multiscale system with a computational cost which is proportional to the size of the coarse-scale problem rather than the fully-resolved fine scale one. The empirical interpolation method uses basis functions which are built by sampling the nonlinear function we want to approximate a limited number of times. The coefficients needed for this approximation are computed in the offline stage by inverting an inexpensive linear system. The proposed multiscale empirical interpolation techniques: (1) divide computing the nonlinear function into coarse regions; (2) evaluate contributions of nonlinear functions in each coarse region taking advantage of a reduced-order representation of the solution; and (3) introduce multiscale proper-orthogonal-decomposition techniques to find appropriate interpolation vectors. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods on several nonlinear multiscale PDEs that are solved with Newton\\'s methods and fully-implicit time marching schemes. Our numerical results show that the proposed methods provide a robust framework for solving nonlinear multiscale PDEs on a coarse grid with bounded error and significant computational cost reduction.

Empirical scholarship in contract law: possibilities and pitfalls

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Russell Korobkin

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Professor Korobkin examines and analyzes empirical contract law scholarship over the last fifteen years in an attempt to guide scholars concerning how empiricism can be used in and enhance the study of contract law. After defining the parameters of the study, Professor Korobkin categorizes empirical contract law scholarship by both the source of data and main purpose of the investigation. He then describes and analyzes three types of criticisms that can be made of empirical scholarship, explains how these criticisms pertain to contract law scholarship, and considers what steps researchers can take to minimize the force of such criticisms.

Empirical research through design

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Keyson, D.V.; Bruns, M.

2009-01-01

This paper describes the empirical research through design method (ERDM), which differs from current approaches to research through design by enforcing the need for the designer, after a series of pilot prototype based studies, to a-priori develop a number of testable interaction design hypothesis

Empirically sampling Universal Dependencies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schluter, Natalie; Agic, Zeljko

2017-01-01

Universal Dependencies incur a high cost in computation for unbiased system development. We propose a 100% empirically chosen small subset of UD languages for efficient parsing system development. The technique used is based on measurements of model capacity globally. We show that the diversity o...

Evaluation of empirical atmospheric diffusion data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Horst, T.W.; Doran, J.C.; Nickola, P.W.

1979-10-01

A study has been made of atmospheric diffusion over level, homogeneous terrain of contaminants released from non-buoyant point sources up to 100 m in height. Current theories of diffusion are compared to empirical diffusion data, and specific dispersion estimation techniques are recommended which can be implemented with the on-site meteorological instrumentation required by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. A comparison of both the recommended diffusion model and the NRC diffusion model with the empirical data demonstrates that the predictions of the recommended model have both smaller scatter and less bias, particularly for groundlevel sources

Who supported the Deutsche Bundesbank? An empirical investigation

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Maier, P; Knaap, T

2002-01-01

The relevance of public support for monetary policy has largely been over-looked in the empirical Central Bank literature. We have constructed a new indicator for the support of the German Bundesbank and present descriptive and empirical evidence. We find that major German interest groups were quite

Drought is a recurring challenge in the Middle East.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaniewski, David; Van Campo, Elise; Weiss, Harvey

2012-03-06

Climate change and water availability in the Middle East are important in understanding human adaptive capacities in the face of long-term environmental changes. The key role of water availability for sedentary and nomad populations in these arid to semiarid landscapes is understood, but the millennium-scale influence of hydrologic instability on vegetation dynamics, human occupation, and historic land use are unknown, which has led to a stochastic view of population responses and adaptive capacities to precipitation anomalies. Within the time-frame of the last two global climate events, the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, we report hydrologic instability reconstructed from pollen-derived climate proxies recovered near Tell Leilan, at the Wadi Jarrah in the Khabur Plains of northeastern Syria, at the heart of ancient northern Mesopotamia. By coupling climate proxies with archaeological-historical data and a pollen-based record of agriculture, this integrative study suggests that variability in precipitation is a key factor on crop yields, productivity, and economic systems. It may also have been one of the main parameters controlling human settlement and population migrations at the century to millennial timescales in the arid to semiarid areas of the Middle East. An abrupt shift to drier conditions at ca. AD 1400 is contemporaneous with a change from sedentary village life to regional desertion and nomadization (sheep/camel pastoralists) during the preindustrial era in formerly Ottoman realms, and thereby adds climate change to the multiple causes for Ottoman Empire "decline."

Three Literary Works, Three Countries, Three Dimensions of Modernity

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Yücel KARADAŞ

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This article studies three literary works—two dramatic works and a novel—in terms of the modernization processes in three countries, of the class relationships to which these processes gave rise, the classes lost or gained power and of the character types arisen in these processes. These three countries are Turkey, Russia and England. And the three literary works are Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoglu‘s Kiralik Konak from Turkish literature, Chekhov‘s The Cherry Orchard from Russian literature and Bernard Shaw‘s Heartbreak House from English literature. During the selection of the first two works the facts that the modernization processes in Turkey and Russia began around the same time and that there were certain wars and different kinds of relationship between the two countries in the last two centuries of the Ottoman Empire were taken into consideration. Moving from this point, we aim to compare and contrast the Turkish-Ottoman modernization with the modernization process in Russia. On the other hand, the reason behind the selection of Heartbreak House is that it is thought that a comparison or a contrast with an industrialized country—England—that completed its modernization in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries would facilitate understanding the different levels of modernization experienced in Turkey and Russia at the time. Thus, the article analyzes the abovementioned works from a sociological perspective to arrive at some conclusion about the modernization processes and socio-economical upheavals in three countries

Goodness! The empirical turn in health care ethics

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Willems, D.; Pols, J.

2010-01-01

This paper is intended to encourage scholars to submit papers for a symposium and the next special issue of Medische Antropologie which will be on empirical studies of normative questions. We describe the ‘empirical turn’ in medical ethics. Medical ethics and bioethics in general have witnessed a

Learning to Read Empirical Articles in General Psychology

Science.gov (United States)

Sego, Sandra A.; Stuart, Anne E.

2016-01-01

Many students, particularly underprepared students, struggle to identify the essential information in empirical articles. We describe a set of assignments for instructing general psychology students to dissect the structure of such articles. Students in General Psychology I read empirical articles and answered a set of general, factual questions…

Principles Involving Marketing Policies: An Empirical Assessment

OpenAIRE

JS Armstrong; Randall L. Schultz

2005-01-01

We examined nine marketing textbooks, published since 1927, to see if they contained useful marketing principles. Four doctoral students found 566 normative statements about pricing, product, place, or promotion in these texts. None of these stateinents were supported by empirical evidence. Four raters agreed on only twenty of these 566 statements as providing meaningful principles. Twenty marketing professors rated whether the twenty meaningful principles were correct, supported by empirical...

Cassini: The Journey and the Legacy

KAUST Repository

Porco, Carolyn

2018-01-01

An international mission to explore, in depth, the Saturnian system ﾖthe planet Saturn and its magnetosphere, glorious rings, and many moons- begun over 27 years ago. After seven years of development, the Cassini spacecraft was launched in 1997

Empirical microeconomics action functionals

Science.gov (United States)

Baaquie, Belal E.; Du, Xin; Tanputraman, Winson

2015-06-01

A statistical generalization of microeconomics has been made in Baaquie (2013), where the market price of every traded commodity, at each instant of time, is considered to be an independent random variable. The dynamics of commodity market prices is modeled by an action functional-and the focus of this paper is to empirically determine the action functionals for different commodities. The correlation functions of the model are defined using a Feynman path integral. The model is calibrated using the unequal time correlation of the market commodity prices as well as their cubic and quartic moments using a perturbation expansion. The consistency of the perturbation expansion is verified by a numerical evaluation of the path integral. Nine commodities drawn from the energy, metal and grain sectors are studied and their market behavior is described by the model to an accuracy of over 90% using only six parameters. The paper empirically establishes the existence of the action functional for commodity prices that was postulated to exist in Baaquie (2013).

The effect of loss functions on empirical Bayes reliability analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camara Vincent A. R.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of the present study is to investigate the sensitivity of empirical Bayes estimates of the reliability function with respect to changing of the loss function. In addition to applying some of the basic analytical results on empirical Bayes reliability obtained with the use of the “popular” squared error loss function, we shall derive some expressions corresponding to empirical Bayes reliability estimates obtained with the Higgins–Tsokos, the Harris and our proposed logarithmic loss functions. The concept of efficiency, along with the notion of integrated mean square error, will be used as a criterion to numerically compare our results. It is shown that empirical Bayes reliability functions are in general sensitive to the choice of the loss function, and that the squared error loss does not always yield the best empirical Bayes reliability estimate.

Sources of Currency Crisis: An Empirical Analysis

OpenAIRE

Weber, Axel A.

1997-01-01

Two types of currency crisis models coexist in the literature: first generation models view speculative attacks as being caused by economic fundamentals which are inconsistent with a given parity. Second generation models claim self-fulfilling speculation as the main source of a currency crisis. Recent empirical research in international macroeconomics has attempted to distinguish between the sources of currency crises. This paper adds to this literature by proposing a new empirical approach ...

Karl Lagerfeld obidelsja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2006-01-01

Moekunstnik Karl Lagerfeld kaebas kohtusse raamatu "The Beautiful Fall : Fashion, Genius and Glorious Excess in 1970s Paris" autori Alicia Drake'i. Raamat räägib Lagerfeldi noorusajast ja tema konkurentsist moekunstnik Yves Saint Laurent'iga 1970. aastate Pariisis

Russian perceptions of the Boer and British Armies: An introduction ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Russian-French "Entente Cordial" when British turned from bitterest enemy to ..... As it was mentioned above, the army's food supplies were provided in an ... Cronje's capitulation will be a glorious page in the history of the British Anns forever. , ...

Evaluation of empirical atmospheric diffusion data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Horst, T.W.; Doran, J.C.; Nickola, P.W.

1979-10-01

A study has been made of atmospheric diffusion over level, homogeneous terrain of contaminants released from non-buoyant point sources up to 100 m in height. Current theories of diffusion are compared to empirical diffusion data, and specific dispersion estimation techniques are recommended which can be implemented with the on-site meteorological instrumentation required by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. A comparison of both the recommended diffusion model and the NRC diffusion model with the empirical data demonstrates that the predictions of the recommended model have both smaller scatter and less bias, particularly for ground-level sources.

‘A Glorious Sun and a Bad Person’

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Anne-Marie Søndergaard

2011-01-01

Most commentators working on Wittgenstein’s remarks on ethics note that he rejects the very possibility of traditional normative ethics, that is, a philosophically justified normative guide for right conduct. In this article, Wittgenstein’s view of ethical reflection as presented in his notebooks...

Agency Theory and Franchising: Some Empirical Results

OpenAIRE

Francine Lafontaine

1992-01-01

This article provides an empirical assessment of various agency-theoretic explanations for franchising, including risk sharing, one-sided moral hazard, and two-sided moral hazard. The empirical models use proxies for factors such as risk, moral hazard, and franchisors' need for capital to explain both franchisors' decisions about the terms of their contracts (royalty rates and up-front franchise fees) and the extent to which they use franchising. In this article, I exploit several new sources...

Gun Laws and Crime: An Empirical Assessment

OpenAIRE

Matti Viren

2012-01-01

This paper deals with the effect of gun laws on crime. Several empirical analyses are carried to investigate the relationship between five different crime rates and alternative law variables. The tests are based on cross-section data from US sates. Three different law variables are used in the analysis, together with a set of control variables for income, poverty, unemployment and ethnic background of the population. Empirical analysis does not lend support to the notion that crime laws would...

PWR surveillance based on correspondence between empirical models and physical

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zwingelstein, G.; Upadhyaya, B.R.; Kerlin, T.W.

1976-01-01

An on line surveillance method based on the correspondence between empirical models and physicals models is proposed for pressurized water reactors. Two types of empirical models are considered as well as the mathematical models defining the correspondence between the physical and empirical parameters. The efficiency of this method is illustrated for the surveillance of the Doppler coefficient for Oconee I (an 886 MWe PWR) [fr

Turkey’s Epidemiological and Demographic Transitions: 1931-2013

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Coşkun Bakar

2017-08-01

Full Text Available Background: The causes of death have changed with regard to the epidemiological and demographic events in society. There is no evidence of prior research into the epidemiological transition in Turkey. This transition in Turkey should be observed starting with the Ottoman Empire period (19th to early 20th century. However, information about the Ottoman Empire is quite limited. Aims: To discuss the epidemiological and demographic transitions in Turkey, using demographic, educational and urbanization data in our present study. Study Design: A descriptive archive study. Methods: Mortality statistics dating from 1931 and published by the Turkish Statistical Institute were analysed, and the causes of death were coded and classified according to ICD-10. Other data were obtained from the published reports and studies regarding the issue. Results: In the 1930s, Turkey’s life expectancy was low (aged 40 years, fertility and mortality rates were high (respectively 45% and 31%, and the main causes of death were infectious diseases. Nowadays, life expectancy is close to 80 years, the total fertility rate has dropped to 2.1 per woman, and the main causes of death are chronic diseases and cancer. The population rate in the urban areas has increased steadily from 24.2% in 1927 to 77.3% in 2012. level of education has also increased during this period. In 1935, less than 10% of women were literate, and in 2013 90% were literate. Qualitative and quantitative increase have been observed in the presentation and access of healthcare services compared to the early years of the Republic. Conclusion: Turkey has been undergoing a modernization period in the last 200 years, and it is believed that the epidemiological and demographic transitions result from this period. This process has led to urbanization and an increase in the level of education, as well as a decrease in premature deaths, lower fertility rates, and an increase in the elderly population and chronic

Managerial Career Patterns: A Review of the Empirical Evidence

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vinkenburg, C.J.; Weber, T.

2012-01-01

Despite the ubiquitous presence of the term "career patterns" in the discourse about careers, the existing empirical evidence on (managerial) career patterns is rather limited. From this literature review of 33 published empirical studies of managerial and similar professional career patterns found

Empirical isotropic chemical shift surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Czinki, Eszter; Csaszar, Attila G.

2007-01-01

A list of proteins is given for which spatial structures, with a resolution better than 2.5 A, are known from entries in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and isotropic chemical shift (ICS) values are known from the RefDB database related to the Biological Magnetic Resonance Bank (BMRB) database. The structures chosen provide, with unknown uncertainties, dihedral angles φ and ψ characterizing the backbone structure of the residues. The joint use of experimental ICSs of the same residues within the proteins, again with mostly unknown uncertainties, and ab initio ICS(φ,ψ) surfaces obtained for the model peptides For-(l-Ala) n -NH 2 , with n = 1, 3, and 5, resulted in so-called empirical ICS(φ,ψ) surfaces for all major nuclei of the 20 naturally occurring α-amino acids. Out of the many empirical surfaces determined, it is the 13C α ICS(φ,ψ) surface which seems to be most promising for identifying major secondary structure types, α-helix, β-strand, left-handed helix (α D ), and polyproline-II. Detailed tests suggest that Ala is a good model for many naturally occurring α-amino acids. Two-dimensional empirical 13C α - 1 H α ICS(φ,ψ) correlation plots, obtained so far only from computations on small peptide models, suggest the utility of the experimental information contained therein and thus they should provide useful constraints for structure determinations of proteins

Empirically Testing Thematic Analysis (ETTA)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gildberg, Frederik Alkier; Bradley, Stephen K.; Tingleff, Elllen B.

2015-01-01

Text analysis is not a question of a right or wrong way to go about it, but a question of different traditions. These tend to not only give answers to how to conduct an analysis, but also to provide the answer as to why it is conducted in the way that it is. The problem however may be that the li...... for themselves. The advantage of utilizing the presented analytic approach is argued to be the integral empirical testing, which should assure systematic development, interpretation and analysis of the source textual material....... between tradition and tool is unclear. The main objective of this article is therefore to present Empirical Testing Thematic Analysis, a step by step approach to thematic text analysis; discussing strengths and weaknesses, so that others might assess its potential as an approach that they might utilize/develop...

Ontology-Based Empirical Knowledge Verification for Professional Virtual Community

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Yuh-Jen

2011-01-01

A professional virtual community provides an interactive platform for enterprise experts to create and share their empirical knowledge cooperatively, and the platform contains a tremendous amount of hidden empirical knowledge that knowledge experts have preserved in the discussion process. Therefore, enterprise knowledge management highly…

THE EFFECT OF GREEK AND ARMENIAN IMMIGRATION MOVEMENT TO BASE ON NATION STATE IN TURKEY: EVIDENCE FROM ETHNO – CULTURAL STRUCTURE OF OTTOMAN PROVINCES IN 1897 ERMENİ VE RUM GÖÇÜNÜN TÜRKİYE’DE ULUS DEVLETİN OLUŞUMUNA ETKİSİ:1897 YILINDA OSMANLI VİLAYET VE SANCAKLARINDAKİ ETNO-KÜLTÜREL YAPIDAN ÇIKARIMLAR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Murat ÇİFTÇİ

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The Ottoman Empire was a state that she had a cosmopolitan cultural structure in which many ethnic groups lived together like those in other empires. However, this structure was not valid for every part of the Empire. Statistical Applications show that 1/7 of population lived in the places where had a cosmopolitan ethno – cultural structure and 1/3 population lived in the places where had dual ethno – cultural structure, and 5/3 of the population lived in the places where had mono ethno - cultural structure. Nevertheless, the statistical analyses indicate that this ethnic composition did not have a connection with economic development in places where were in the outside of Istanbul. In the other words, ethno – cultural structure shaped with historical process and settlement policies rather than with economy. Furthermore, that the cities located in the borders of today’s Turkish Republic had heavily mono and had partly dual dominant ethno cultural structure made the constitution of nation-state easy. By means of this mono-ethnic estate, the appropriation of the principle of secularism and the use of Turkish as educational language sufficed to achieve national structure. Osmanlı imparatorluğu, diğer imparatorluklar gibi çok sayıda etnik cemaatin bir arada yaşadığı kozmopolitan etno-kültürel yapıya sahip bir devletti. Ancak bu yapı, imparatorluğun her yeri için geçerli değildi. Yapılan istatistiksel uygulamalar göstermektedir ki nüfusun yedide biri kozmopolitan etno-kültürel yapıya sahip yerlerde, üçte biri ikili etno-kültürel yapıya sahip yerlerde, beşte üçü ise mono etno-kültürel yapıya sahip yerlerde yaşıyordu. Yine yapılan istatistiksel uygulamalar göstermektedir ki, bu etnik kompozisyonun, İstanbul dışındaki yerlerde iktisadi kalkınma ile bağlantısı yoktu. Diğer bir deyişle etno – kültürel yapı, ekonomiyle değil tarihsel süreçle ve yerleşim politikalarıyla şekillenmişti. Ayr

Guidelines for using empirical studies in software engineering education

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabian Fagerholm

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Software engineering education is under constant pressure to provide students with industry-relevant knowledge and skills. Educators must address issues beyond exercises and theories that can be directly rehearsed in small settings. Industry training has similar requirements of relevance as companies seek to keep their workforce up to date with technological advances. Real-life software development often deals with large, software-intensive systems and is influenced by the complex effects of teamwork and distributed software development, which are hard to demonstrate in an educational environment. A way to experience such effects and to increase the relevance of software engineering education is to apply empirical studies in teaching. In this paper, we show how different types of empirical studies can be used for educational purposes in software engineering. We give examples illustrating how to utilize empirical studies, discuss challenges, and derive an initial guideline that supports teachers to include empirical studies in software engineering courses. Furthermore, we give examples that show how empirical studies contribute to high-quality learning outcomes, to student motivation, and to the awareness of the advantages of applying software engineering principles. Having awareness, experience, and understanding of the actions required, students are more likely to apply such principles under real-life constraints in their working life.

Formes spatiales d’expansion urbaine et le rôle des communautés non musulmanes à l’époque des Réformes.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandra Yerolympos

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Le présent texte étudie les formes d’expansion urbaine dans les provinces européennes de l’Empire ottoman depuis la moitié du xixe siècle. Dans le cadre des réformes entreprises par l’Empire, l’octroi de droits civiques et politiques à tous les sujets ottomans, le “décollage économique” et la croissance démographique encouragent l’émergence de nouveaux comportements socio-économiques : grâce à la réforme du droit foncier et l’afflux d’investissements dans le secteur immobilier de la part des particuliers, des communautés ou des organismes publics, l’espace urbain est réaménagé et “modernisé”. L’expansion des villes préoccupait les officiers ottomans de bonne heure. La première réglementation moderne d’urbanisme mise en place entre 1848 et 1891 définit les règles selon lesquelles de nouveaux quartiers urbains peuvent être formés. D’après des études sur les villes côtières, ainsi que sur la plupart des villes de l’intérieur des provinces européennes de l’Empire, l’accroissement urbain s’accompagne d’une forte activité de groupes minoritaires pour leur installation résidentielle dans de nouveaux quartiers, très souvent encouragée par les autorités locales. L’installation prend des formes variées, parfois créant des quartiers non pas étanches mais à dominante chrétienne ou juive, parfois parfaitement mixtes. Les variantes rencontrées évoquent les particularités historiques et géographiques de chaque ville ; elles s’expliquent aussi par des stratégies des autorités locales et des besoins ou aspirations des groupes sociaux et ethniques qui les revendiquent. On étudiera l’extension planifiée de trois villes côtières et fortifiées : Volos et Kavala, petites villes dotées d’une importante fonction portuaire où la communauté grecque orthodoxe suscita la création de nouveaux quartiers ; Salonique (Thessalonique qui connut une expansion

WORK AND ORGANIZATION IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: NOTES ON THE TRADE GUILDS OF SIXTEENTH- AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURY BURSA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr. Ömer DÜZBAKAR

2008-09-01

Full Text Available The primary function of artisans’ and commercial guilds was toperform and maintain daily activities of economic life in harmony andsocial consolidation with minimal conflict. Thus, the state would get ridof the heavy burden of bureaucratic procedures on the one hand, and yetwould also have the guilds yield to a standard of production as well aseliminate unfair competition through their autonomous internal workingson the other. Through such an auto-control mechanism the guilds wouldsolve their own problems with minimum resort to administrative andjudicial institutions. This article sheds light on the origins of Ottomanguild system, workings of trade guilds of Bursa and the supervisoryfunctions of their managers as well as on the various roles and activitiesplayed by the guilds in imperial public life. It also examines the conflictsof interest, unruly acts and forms of resolution taking place within andacross the guilds, with or without having recourse to judicial and otherimperial authorities. The study is based on a set of original historical documents surveyed from the Shari’a Court records of Bursa in the 16thand 17th centuries.

Pluvials, droughts, the Mongol Empire, and modern Mongolia

Science.gov (United States)

Pederson, Neil; Hessl, Amy E.; Baatarbileg, Nachin; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; Di Cosmo, Nicola

2014-01-01

Although many studies have associated the demise of complex societies with deteriorating climate, few have investigated the connection between an ameliorating environment, surplus resources, energy, and the rise of empires. The 13th-century Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in world history. Although drought has been proposed as one factor that spurred these conquests, no high-resolution moisture data are available during the rapid development of the Mongol Empire. Here we present a 1,112-y tree-ring reconstruction of warm-season water balance derived from Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) trees in central Mongolia. Our reconstruction accounts for 56% of the variability in the regional water balance and is significantly correlated with steppe productivity across central Mongolia. In combination with a gridded temperature reconstruction, our results indicate that the regional climate during the conquests of Chinggis Khan’s (Genghis Khan’s) 13th-century Mongol Empire was warm and persistently wet. This period, characterized by 15 consecutive years of above-average moisture in central Mongolia and coinciding with the rise of Chinggis Khan, is unprecedented over the last 1,112 y. We propose that these climate conditions promoted high grassland productivity and favored the formation of Mongol political and military power. Tree-ring and meteorological data also suggest that the early 21st-century drought in central Mongolia was the hottest drought in the last 1,112 y, consistent with projections of warming over Inner Asia. Future warming may overwhelm increases in precipitation leading to similar heat droughts, with potentially severe consequences for modern Mongolia. PMID:24616521

Pluvials, droughts, the Mongol Empire, and modern Mongolia.

Science.gov (United States)

Pederson, Neil; Hessl, Amy E; Baatarbileg, Nachin; Anchukaitis, Kevin J; Di Cosmo, Nicola

2014-03-25

Although many studies have associated the demise of complex societies with deteriorating climate, few have investigated the connection between an ameliorating environment, surplus resources, energy, and the rise of empires. The 13th-century Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in world history. Although drought has been proposed as one factor that spurred these conquests, no high-resolution moisture data are available during the rapid development of the Mongol Empire. Here we present a 1,112-y tree-ring reconstruction of warm-season water balance derived from Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) trees in central Mongolia. Our reconstruction accounts for 56% of the variability in the regional water balance and is significantly correlated with steppe productivity across central Mongolia. In combination with a gridded temperature reconstruction, our results indicate that the regional climate during the conquests of Chinggis Khan's (Genghis Khan's) 13th-century Mongol Empire was warm and persistently wet. This period, characterized by 15 consecutive years of above-average moisture in central Mongolia and coinciding with the rise of Chinggis Khan, is unprecedented over the last 1,112 y. We propose that these climate conditions promoted high grassland productivity and favored the formation of Mongol political and military power. Tree-ring and meteorological data also suggest that the early 21st-century drought in central Mongolia was the hottest drought in the last 1,112 y, consistent with projections of warming over Inner Asia. Future warming may overwhelm increases in precipitation leading to similar heat droughts, with potentially severe consequences for modern Mongolia.

Pluvials, droughts, the Mongol Empire, and modern Mongolia

Science.gov (United States)

Pederson, Neil; Hessl, Amy E.; Baatarbileg, Nachin; Anchukaitis, Kevin J.; Di Cosmo, Nicola

2014-03-01

Although many studies have associated the demise of complex societies with deteriorating climate, few have investigated the connection between an ameliorating environment, surplus resources, energy, and the rise of empires. The 13th-century Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous land empire in world history. Although drought has been proposed as one factor that spurred these conquests, no high-resolution moisture data are available during the rapid development of the Mongol Empire. Here we present a 1,112-y tree-ring reconstruction of warm-season water balance derived from Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) trees in central Mongolia. Our reconstruction accounts for 56% of the variability in the regional water balance and is significantly correlated with steppe productivity across central Mongolia. In combination with a gridded temperature reconstruction, our results indicate that the regional climate during the conquests of Chinggis Khan's (Genghis Khan's) 13th-century Mongol Empire was warm and persistently wet. This period, characterized by 15 consecutive years of above-average moisture in central Mongolia and coinciding with the rise of Chinggis Khan, is unprecedented over the last 1,112 y. We propose that these climate conditions promoted high grassland productivity and favored the formation of Mongol political and military power. Tree-ring and meteorological data also suggest that the early 21st-century drought in central Mongolia was the hottest drought in the last 1,112 y, consistent with projections of warming over Inner Asia. Future warming may overwhelm increases in precipitation leading to similar heat droughts, with potentially severe consequences for modern Mongolia.

Ondokuzuncu yüzyıl Türkiye'sinde kimyada adlandırma

OpenAIRE

Günergün, Feza

2011-01-01

Chemical nomenclature in the nineteenth-century Turkey Feza Günergun Endeavours in translating European books on science into Ottoman Turkish, which were rather occasional troughout 16th – 18th centuries, intensified during the nineteenth century with the foundation of Ottoman military schools that were instrumental in introducing modern sciences and technical knowledge in Turkey. These translations and their translators also contributed to the formation of a scientific nomenclature...

Poisson and Gaussian approximation of weighted local empirical processes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Einmahl, J.H.J.

1995-01-01

We consider the local empirical process indexed by sets, a greatly generalized version of the well-studied uniform tail empirical process. We show that the weak limit of weighted versions of this process is Poisson under certain conditions, whereas it is Gaussian in other situations. Our main

Empiric potassium supplementation and increased survival in users of loop diuretics.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charles E Leonard

Full Text Available The effectiveness of the clinical strategy of empiric potassium supplementation in reducing the frequency of adverse clinical outcomes in patients receiving loop diuretics is unknown. We sought to examine the association between empiric potassium supplementation and 1 all-cause death and 2 outpatient-originating sudden cardiac death (SD and ventricular arrhythmia (VA among new starters of loop diuretics, stratified on initial loop diuretic dose.We conducted a one-to-one propensity score-matched cohort study using 1999-2007 US Medicaid claims from five states. Empiric potassium supplementation was defined as a potassium prescription on the day of or the day after the initial loop diuretic prescription. Death, the primary outcome, was ascertained from the Social Security Administration Death Master File; SD/VA, the secondary outcome, from incident, first-listed emergency department or principal inpatient SD/VA discharge diagnoses (positive predictive value = 85%.We identified 654,060 persons who met eligibility criteria and initiated therapy with a loop diuretic, 27% of whom received empiric potassium supplementation (N = 179,436 and 73% of whom did not (N = 474,624. The matched hazard ratio for empiric potassium supplementation was 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.98, p = 0.003 for all-cause death. Stratifying on initial furosemide dose, hazard ratios for empiric potassium supplementation with furosemide < 40 and ≥ 40 milligrams/day were 0.93 (0.86-1.00, p = 0.050 and 0.84 (0.79-0.89, p < 0.0001. The matched hazard ratio for empiric potassium supplementation was 1.02 (0.83-1.24, p = 0.879 for SD/VA.Empiric potassium supplementation upon initiation of a loop diuretic appears to be associated with improved survival, with a greater apparent benefit seen with higher diuretic dose. If confirmed, these findings support the use of empiric potassium supplementation upon initiation of a loop diuretic.

Predicting acid dew point with a semi-empirical model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiang, Baixiang; Tang, Bin; Wu, Yuxin; Yang, Hairui; Zhang, Man; Lu, Junfu

2016-01-01

Highlights: • The previous semi-empirical models are systematically studied. • An improved thermodynamic correlation is derived. • A semi-empirical prediction model is proposed. • The proposed semi-empirical model is validated. - Abstract: Decreasing the temperature of exhaust flue gas in boilers is one of the most effective ways to further improve the thermal efficiency, electrostatic precipitator efficiency and to decrease the water consumption of desulfurization tower, while, when this temperature is below the acid dew point, the fouling and corrosion will occur on the heating surfaces in the second pass of boilers. So, the knowledge on accurately predicting the acid dew point is essential. By investigating the previous models on acid dew point prediction, an improved thermodynamic correlation formula between the acid dew point and its influencing factors is derived first. And then, a semi-empirical prediction model is proposed, which is validated with the data both in field test and experiment, and comparing with the previous models.

NOx PREDICTION FOR FBC BOILERS USING EMPIRICAL MODELS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jiří Štefanica

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Reliable prediction of NOx emissions can provide useful information for boiler design and fuel selection. Recently used kinetic prediction models for FBC boilers are overly complex and require large computing capacity. Even so, there are many uncertainties in the case of FBC boilers. An empirical modeling approach for NOx prediction has been used exclusively for PCC boilers. No reference is available for modifying this method for FBC conditions. This paper presents possible advantages of empirical modeling based prediction of NOx emissions for FBC boilers, together with a discussion of its limitations. Empirical models are reviewed, and are applied to operation data from FBC boilers used for combusting Czech lignite coal or coal-biomass mixtures. Modifications to the model are proposed in accordance with theoretical knowledge and prediction accuracy.

Managerial Career Patterns: A Review of the Empirical Evidence

Science.gov (United States)

Vinkenburg, Claartje J.; Weber, Torsten

2012-01-01

Despite the ubiquitous presence of the term "career patterns" in the discourse about careers, the existing empirical evidence on (managerial) career patterns is rather limited. From this literature review of 33 published empirical studies of managerial and similar professional career patterns found in electronic bibliographic databases, it is…

Time-frequency analysis : mathematical analysis of the empirical mode decomposition.

Science.gov (United States)

2009-01-01

Invented over 10 years ago, empirical mode : decomposition (EMD) provides a nonlinear : time-frequency analysis with the ability to successfully : analyze nonstationary signals. Mathematical : Analysis of the Empirical Mode Decomposition : is a...

Empirical Model Building Data, Models, and Reality

CERN Document Server

Thompson, James R

2011-01-01

Praise for the First Edition "This...novel and highly stimulating book, which emphasizes solving real problems...should be widely read. It will have a positive and lasting effect on the teaching of modeling and statistics in general." - Short Book Reviews This new edition features developments and real-world examples that showcase essential empirical modeling techniques Successful empirical model building is founded on the relationship between data and approximate representations of the real systems that generated that data. As a result, it is essential for researchers who construct these m

Semi-empirical and empirical L X-ray production cross sections for elements with 50 ≤ Z ≤ 92 for protons of 0.5-3.0 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nekab, M.; Kahoul, A.

2006-01-01

We present in this contribution, semi-empirical production cross sections of the main X-ray lines Lα, Lβ and Lγ for elements from Sn to U and for protons with energies varying from 0.5 to 3.0 MeV. The theoretical X-ray production cross sections are firstly calculated from the theoretical ionization cross sections of the Li (i = 1, 2, 3) subshell within the ECPSSR theory. The semi-empirical Lα, Lβ and Lγ cross sections are then deduced by fitting the available experimental data normalized to their corresponding theoretical values and give the better representation of the experimental data in some cases. On the other hand, the experimental data are directly fitted to deduce the empirical L X-ray production cross sections. A comparison is made between the semi-empirical cross sections, the empirical cross sections reported in this work and the empirical ones reported by Reis and Jesus [M.A. Reis, A.P. Jesus, Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables 63 (1996) 1] and those of Strivay and Weber [Strivay, G. Weber, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 190 (2002) 112

Phenomenology and the Empirical Turn

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zwier, Jochem; Blok, Vincent; Lemmens, Pieter

2016-01-01

This paper provides a phenomenological analysis of postphenomenological philosophy of technology. While acknowledging that the results of its analyses are to be recognized as original, insightful, and valuable, we will argue that in its execution of the empirical turn, postphenomenology forfeits

Empirical ethics as dialogical practice

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Widdershoven, G.A.M.; Abma, T.A.; Molewijk, A.C.

2009-01-01

In this article, we present a dialogical approach to empirical ethics, based upon hermeneutic ethics and responsive evaluation. Hermeneutic ethics regards experience as the concrete source of moral wisdom. In order to gain a good understanding of moral issues, concrete detailed experiences and

Empirical processes: theory and applications

OpenAIRE

Venturini Sergio

2005-01-01

Proceedings of the 2003 Summer School in Statistics and Probability in Torgnon (Aosta, Italy) held by Prof. Jon A. Wellner and Prof. M. Banerjee. The topic presented was the theory of empirical processes with applications to statistics (m-estimation, bootstrap, semiparametric theory).

Worship, Reflection, Empirical Research

OpenAIRE

Ding Dong,

2012-01-01

In my youth, I was a worshipper of Mao Zedong. From the latter stage of the Mao Era to the early years of Reform and Opening, I began to reflect on Mao and the Communist Revolution he launched. In recent years I’ve devoted myself to empirical historical research on Mao, seeking the truth about Mao and China’s modern history.

Empirical evidence for site coefficients in building code provisions

Science.gov (United States)

Borcherdt, R.D.

2002-01-01

Site-response coefficients, Fa and Fv, used in U.S. building code provisions are based on empirical data for motions up to 0.1 g. For larger motions they are based on theoretical and laboratory results. The Northridge earthquake of 17 January 1994 provided a significant new set of empirical data up to 0.5 g. These data together with recent site characterizations based on shear-wave velocity measurements provide empirical estimates of the site coefficients at base accelerations up to 0.5 g for Site Classes C and D. These empirical estimates of Fa and Fnu; as well as their decrease with increasing base acceleration level are consistent at the 95 percent confidence level with those in present building code provisions, with the exception of estimates for Fa at levels of 0.1 and 0.2 g, which are less than the lower confidence bound by amounts up to 13 percent. The site-coefficient estimates are consistent at the 95 percent confidence level with those of several other investigators for base accelerations greater than 0.3 g. These consistencies and present code procedures indicate that changes in the site coefficients are not warranted. Empirical results for base accelerations greater than 0.2 g confirm the need for both a short- and a mid- or long-period site coefficient to characterize site response for purposes of estimating site-specific design spectra.

Empirical research on international environmental migration: a systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Obokata, Reiko; Veronis, Luisa; McLeman, Robert

2014-01-01

This paper presents the findings of a systematic review of scholarly publications that report empirical findings from studies of environmentally-related international migration. There exists a small, but growing accumulation of empirical studies that consider environmentally-linked migration that spans international borders. These studies provide useful evidence for scholars and policymakers in understanding how environmental factors interact with political, economic and social factors to influence migration behavior and outcomes that are specific to international movements of people, in highlighting promising future research directions, and in raising important considerations for international policymaking. Our review identifies countries of migrant origin and destination that have so far been the subject of empirical research, the environmental factors believed to have influenced these migrations, the interactions of environmental and non-environmental factors as well as the role of context in influencing migration behavior, and the types of methods used by researchers. In reporting our findings, we identify the strengths and challenges associated with the main empirical approaches, highlight significant gaps and future opportunities for empirical work, and contribute to advancing understanding of environmental influences on international migration more generally. Specifically, we propose an exploratory framework to take into account the role of context in shaping environmental migration across borders, including the dynamic and complex interactions between environmental and non-environmental factors at a range of scales.

Empirical Productivity Indices and Indicators

NARCIS (Netherlands)

B.M. Balk (Bert)

2016-01-01

textabstractThe empirical measurement of productivity change (or difference) by means of indices and indicators starts with the ex post profit/loss accounts of a production unit. Key concepts are profit, leading to indicators, and profitability, leading to indices. The main task for the productivity

Empirical analysis of consumer behavior

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Huang, Yufeng

2015-01-01

This thesis consists of three essays in quantitative marketing, focusing on structural empirical analysis of consumer behavior. In the first essay, he investigates the role of a consumer's skill of product usage, and its imperfect transferability across brands, in her product choice. It shows that

Appropriate methodologies for empirical bioethics: it's all relative.

Science.gov (United States)

Ives, Jonathan; Draper, Heather

2009-05-01

In this article we distinguish between philosophical bioethics (PB), descriptive policy orientated bioethics (DPOB) and normative policy oriented bioethics (NPOB). We argue that finding an appropriate methodology for combining empirical data and moral theory depends on what the aims of the research endeavour are, and that, for the most part, this combination is only required for NPOB. After briefly discussing the debate around the is/ought problem, and suggesting that both sides of this debate are misunderstanding one another (i.e. one side treats it as a conceptual problem, whilst the other treats it as an empirical claim), we outline and defend a methodological approach to NPOB based on work we have carried out on a project exploring the normative foundations of paternal rights and responsibilities. We suggest that given the prominent role already played by moral intuition in moral theory, one appropriate way to integrate empirical data and philosophical bioethics is to utilize empirically gathered lay intuition as the foundation for ethical reasoning in NPOB. The method we propose involves a modification of a long-established tradition on non-intervention in qualitative data gathering, combined with a form of reflective equilibrium where the demands of theory and data are given equal weight and a pragmatic compromise reached.

The frontiers of empirical science: A Thomist-inspired critique of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2016-07-08

Jul 8, 2016 ... of scientism, is, however, self-destructive of scientism because contrary to its ... The theory that only empirical facts have epistemic meaning is supported by the ..... (2002:1436). The cyclic model lacks empirical verification,.

Empirical Analysis of Closed-Loop Duopoly Advertising Strategies

OpenAIRE

Gary M. Erickson

1992-01-01

Closed-loop (perfect) equilibria in a Lanchester duopoly differential game of advertising competition are used as the basis for empirical investigation. Two systems of simultaneous nonlinear equations are formed, one from a general Lanchester model and one from a constrained model. Two empirical applications are conducted. In one involving Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola, a formal statistical testing procedure is used to detect whether closed-loop equilibrium advertising strategies are used by the c...

Flavorings in Context: Spices and Herbs in Medieval Near East

OpenAIRE

Lewicka, Paulina B.

2011-01-01

Throughout history, the approach towards imported spices varied from culture to culture. In medieval and early post-medieval Europe, where spices became an exotic object of temporary desire, they were often used unskillfully and in a haphazard manner. In the Ottoman Constantinople, unlike in Europe, it was the moderate use of spices, and not overdosing them, that became a manifestation of status. As deliberate paragons of refinement, the Ottomans depreciated what they considered uncivilized w...

Empirical projection-based basis-component decomposition method

Science.gov (United States)

Brendel, Bernhard; Roessl, Ewald; Schlomka, Jens-Peter; Proksa, Roland

2009-02-01

Advances in the development of semiconductor based, photon-counting x-ray detectors stimulate research in the domain of energy-resolving pre-clinical and clinical computed tomography (CT). For counting detectors acquiring x-ray attenuation in at least three different energy windows, an extended basis component decomposition can be performed in which in addition to the conventional approach of Alvarez and Macovski a third basis component is introduced, e.g., a gadolinium based CT contrast material. After the decomposition of the measured projection data into the basis component projections, conventional filtered-backprojection reconstruction is performed to obtain the basis-component images. In recent work, this basis component decomposition was obtained by maximizing the likelihood-function of the measurements. This procedure is time consuming and often unstable for excessively noisy data or low intrinsic energy resolution of the detector. Therefore, alternative procedures are of interest. Here, we introduce a generalization of the idea of empirical dual-energy processing published by Stenner et al. to multi-energy, photon-counting CT raw data. Instead of working in the image-domain, we use prior spectral knowledge about the acquisition system (tube spectra, bin sensitivities) to parameterize the line-integrals of the basis component decomposition directly in the projection domain. We compare this empirical approach with the maximum-likelihood (ML) approach considering image noise and image bias (artifacts) and see that only moderate noise increase is to be expected for small bias in the empirical approach. Given the drastic reduction of pre-processing time, the empirical approach is considered a viable alternative to the ML approach.

Theoretical and Empirical Descriptions of Thermospheric Density

Science.gov (United States)

Solomon, S. C.; Qian, L.

2004-12-01

The longest-term and most accurate overall description the density of the upper thermosphere is provided by analysis of change in the ephemeris of Earth-orbiting satellites. Empirical models of the thermosphere developed in part from these measurements can do a reasonable job of describing thermospheric properties on a climatological basis, but the promise of first-principles global general circulation models of the coupled thermosphere/ionosphere system is that a true high-resolution, predictive capability may ultimately be developed for thermospheric density. However, several issues are encountered when attempting to tune such models so that they accurately represent absolute densities as a function of altitude, and their changes on solar-rotational and solar-cycle time scales. Among these are the crucial ones of getting the heating rates (from both solar and auroral sources) right, getting the cooling rates right, and establishing the appropriate boundary conditions. However, there are several ancillary issues as well, such as the problem of registering a pressure-coordinate model onto an altitude scale, and dealing with possible departures from hydrostatic equilibrium in empirical models. Thus, tuning a theoretical model to match empirical climatology may be difficult, even in the absence of high temporal or spatial variation of the energy sources. We will discuss some of the challenges involved, and show comparisons of simulations using the NCAR Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) to empirical model estimates of neutral thermosphere density and temperature. We will also show some recent simulations using measured solar irradiance from the TIMED/SEE instrument as input to the TIE-GCM.

Empirical Bayesian inference and model uncertainty

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poern, K.

1994-01-01

This paper presents a hierarchical or multistage empirical Bayesian approach for the estimation of uncertainty concerning the intensity of a homogeneous Poisson process. A class of contaminated gamma distributions is considered to describe the uncertainty concerning the intensity. These distributions in turn are defined through a set of secondary parameters, the knowledge of which is also described and updated via Bayes formula. This two-stage Bayesian approach is an example where the modeling uncertainty is treated in a comprehensive way. Each contaminated gamma distributions, represented by a point in the 3D space of secondary parameters, can be considered as a specific model of the uncertainty about the Poisson intensity. Then, by the empirical Bayesian method each individual model is assigned a posterior probability

EMPIRICAL RESEARCH AND CONGREGATIONAL ANALYSIS ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

empirical research has made to the process of congregational analysis. 1 Part of this ... contextual congegrational analysis – meeting social and divine desires”) at the IAPT .... methodology of a congregational analysis should be regarded as a process. ... essential to create space for a qualitative and quantitative approach.

Selection Bias in Educational Transition Models: Theory and Empirical Evidence

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holm, Anders; Jæger, Mads

variables. This paper, first, explains theoretically how selection on unobserved variables leads to waning coefficients and, second, illustrates empirically how selection leads to biased estimates of the effect of family background on educational transitions. Our empirical analysis using data from...

A Multicenter Evaluation of Prolonged Empiric Antibiotic Therapy in Adult ICUs in the United States.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, Zachariah; Bandali, Farooq; Sankaranarayanan, Jayashri; Reardon, Tom; Olsen, Keith M

2015-12-01

The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of prolonged empiric antibiotic therapy in adult ICUs in the United States. Our secondary objective is to examine the relationship between the prolonged empiric antibiotic therapy rate and certain ICU characteristics. Multicenter, prospective, observational, 72-hour snapshot study. Sixty-seven ICUs from 32 hospitals in the United States. Nine hundred ninety-eight patients admitted to the ICU between midnight on June 20, 2011, and June 21, 2011, were included in the study. None. Antibiotic orders were categorized as prophylactic, definitive, empiric, or prolonged empiric antibiotic therapy. Prolonged empiric antibiotic therapy was defined as empiric antibiotics that continued for at least 72 hours in the absence of adjudicated infection. Standard definitions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used to determine infection. Prolonged empiric antibiotic therapy rate was determined as the ratio of the total number of empiric antibiotics continued for at least 72 hours divided by the total number of empiric antibiotics. Univariate analysis of factors associated with the ICU prolonged empiric antibiotic therapy rate was conducted using Student t test. A total of 660 unique antibiotics were prescribed as empiric therapy to 364 patients. Of the empiric antibiotics, 333 of 660 (50%) were continued for at least 72 hours in instances where Centers for Disease Control and Prevention infection criteria were not met. Suspected pneumonia accounted for approximately 60% of empiric antibiotic use. The most frequently prescribed empiric antibiotics were vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam. ICUs that utilized invasive techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia had lower rates of prolonged empiric antibiotic therapy than those that did not, 45.1% versus 59.5% (p = 0.03). No other institutional factor was significantly associated with prolonged empiric antibiotic therapy rate. Half of all

Ziştovi ve Yaş Antlaşması Arasında Tuna Kıyısında Bir Osmanlı Kenti: Silistre (1791–1793 The Danube Coast Between The Treaty Of Ziştovi And Yaş An Ottoman City: Silistra (1791 – 1793

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hava SELÇUK

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Silistra Otoman Empire was an important port city on the banksthe Danube River. Therefore, especially in the river trade and battelswere important tasks. The Province of Silistra had a strategical importance by economical and military means. İt was also on the route of Ottoman-Russian and Otoman-Austria wars geographically. Silistra which is consulted both İbrail and rationing of İstanbul has an important function (cureal, hardtack, Weapons etc.. This study has been used as a source the book number 50 of Şeryiyye registries((1791-1793. Before and after the book number 50 in these treaties treaties from Silistra political, social, economic, and military issues contains information . Ser’iyye Sicilleri, that's court records, is an important source in revealing the political, judicial and social conditions of Ottoman society. Seri'yye Sicili Numbered 50 of Silistra, at Bulgarian archive “National Biblioteque”, forms the backbone of this paper. The record book in question includes 233 documents covering (apostasy, Austrian Prisoners such the economic and social events as heritage cases, family, appointment decisions of some officials, ship building, ambassy, tax (cereal, duhan, adat-ı ağnam. Bandit, the grain ship with move conversion topics are explored. The imperial orders (ferman and emir which all shed light on the military issues have been recorded in the ser'iye sicilleri. Based on the court records between 1791 and 1793 of Silistra, it will be mentioned about the social life of the town. Silistre Osmanlı Devleti’nin Tuna Nehri kıyısında bulunan önemlibir liman kenti idi. Bu nedenle özellikle nehir ticareti ve donanmasavaşlarında önemli görevler üslenmekte idi. Ekonomik ve askerî açıdanstratejik bir konuma sahip olan Silistre coğrafi açıdan da Osmanlı-Rusve Osmanlı-Avusturya savaşlarının ana güzergâhı üzerindeydi. Bunedenle Silistre gerek İbrail, gerek İstanbul’un iaşe ihtiyac

Empirical laws, regularity and necessity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koningsveld, H.

1973-01-01

In this book I have tried to develop an analysis of the concept of an empirical law, an analysis that differs in many ways from the alternative analyse's found in contemporary literature dealing with the subject.

1 am referring especially to two well-known views, viz. the regularity and

Psychological Models of Art Reception must be Empirically Grounded

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nadal, Marcos; Vartanian, Oshin; Skov, Martin

2017-01-01

We commend Menninghaus et al. for tackling the role of negative emotions in art reception. However, their model suffers from shortcomings that reduce its applicability to empirical studies of the arts: poor use of evidence, lack of integration with other models, and limited derivation of testable...... hypotheses. We argue that theories about art experiences should be based on empirical evidence....

Empirical evaluation and justification of methodologies in psychological science.

Science.gov (United States)

Proctor, R W; Capaldi, E J

2001-11-01

The purpose of this article is to describe a relatively new movement in the history and philosophy of science, naturalism, a form of pragmatism emphasizing that methodological principles are empirical statements. Thus, methodological principles must be evaluated and justified on the same basis as other empirical statements. On this view, methodological statements may be less secure than the specific scientific theories to which they give rise. The authors examined the feasibility of a naturalistic approach to methodology using logical and historical analysis and by contrasting theories that predict new facts versus theories that explain already known facts. They provide examples of how differences over methodological issues in psychology and in science generally may be resolved using a naturalistic, or empirical, approach.

Computing as Empirical Science – Evolution of a Concept

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Polak Paweł

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This article presents the evolution of philosophical and methodological considerations concerning empiricism in computer/computing science. In this study, we trace the most important current events in the history of reflection on computing. The forerunners of Artificial Intelligence H.A. Simon and A. Newell in their paper Computer Science As Empirical Inquiry (1975 started these considerations. Later the concept of empirical computer science was developed by S.S. Shapiro, P. Wegner, A.H. Eden and P.J. Denning. They showed various empirical aspects of computing. This led to a view of the science of computing (or science of information processing - the science of general scope. Some interesting contemporary ways towards a generalized perspective on computations were also shown (e.g. natural computing.

On the Empirical Evidence of Mutual Fund Strategic Risk Taking

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Goriaev, A.P.; Nijman, T.E.; Werker, B.J.M.

2001-01-01

We reexamine empirical evidence on strategic risk-taking behavior by mutual fund managers.Several studies suggest that fund performance in the first semester of a year influences risk-taking in the second semester.However, we show that previous empirical studies implicitly assume that idiosyncratic

Η χάραξη της τουρκικής γεωπολιτικής ως προϊόν ηγετικής φιλοδοξίας και πρόκληση έναντι παραδοσιακών μεθόδων διαχείρισης κινδύνου και μέτρησης ισχύος

OpenAIRE

KARKAZIS, John; BALTOS, Georgios; VIDAKIS, Ioannis G.

2017-01-01

On the verge of new Middle Eastern geopolitical uncertainties, the respective regional leaderships face high stakes and develop a visionary planning as well as a revisionary reading and remaking of the history. In this line, the Turkish political footprint, as it is expressed over the last decades under the so called neo-ottoman version of political Islam, is overloaded with dramatic tones of reviving the ottoman memories along with relevant imperial geopolitics, distant to the western percep...

ISLAM IN THE NON-MUSLIM AREAS OF NORTHERN NIGERIA, c

African Journals Online (AJOL)

QUADRI Y A

surest way of getting into the fulfilled life is by marriage or polygamy if necessity calls for it. ... is a strong belief here that if a fool marries a wife, he is no longer a fool but a responsible man (Onye ..... for a glorious future reward and happiness.

Learning Organic Chemistry Through Natural Products

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

SERIES I ARTICLE. Learning Organic Chemistry. Through Natural Products. 2. Determination of Absolute Stereochemistry. N R Krishnaswamy was initiated into the world of natural products by T R. Seshadri at University of. Delhi and has carried on the glorious traditions of his mentor. He has taught at Bangalore University,.

Sound / Märt Milter

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Milter, Märt

1999-01-01

Plaatide "Hip Hop Forever. Mixed by Kenny Dope", "Permaculture", Ronnye & Clyde "In Glorious Black and Blue", "E-Z Rollers presents Drumfunk Hooliganz. Liquid Cooled Tunez From The Original Superfly Drum & Bass Generation", Iron Savior "Unification", Peter Thomas Sound Orchestra "Futuremuzik", "Sushi 4004.The Return Of Spectacular Japanese Clubpop"

Lepanto, before and after: Between the Republic and the Sublime Porte

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Özlem KUMRUlAR

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The loss of Cyprus to the ottoman Turks, hand in hand with the Battle of Lepanto was the major reason of a period of frozen politics and caused the breaking of the traditional peace between Venice and Constantinople. Yet there is a notable difference between the historical and political Conseptualization of these two major episodes. The ottoman state didn’t interpret this catastrophe as the Republic did. As, it could be seen from the bilateral diplomacy carried out by both states, neither the loss of Cyprus, nor the myth-creating Lepanto could change the classical oriental policy of the Serenissima. The case was not different for the Sublime Porte. The aim of this paper is to analyse the post-war politics of these two states and the noteable change in the political polarization in Europe in the milieu of the ottoman-Hapsburg rivalry.

Generalized empirical likelihood methods for analyzing longitudinal data

KAUST Repository

Wang, S.

2010-02-16

Efficient estimation of parameters is a major objective in analyzing longitudinal data. We propose two generalized empirical likelihood based methods that take into consideration within-subject correlations. A nonparametric version of the Wilks theorem for the limiting distributions of the empirical likelihood ratios is derived. It is shown that one of the proposed methods is locally efficient among a class of within-subject variance-covariance matrices. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the finite sample properties of the proposed methods and compare them with the block empirical likelihood method by You et al. (2006) and the normal approximation with a correctly estimated variance-covariance. The results suggest that the proposed methods are generally more efficient than existing methods which ignore the correlation structure, and better in coverage compared to the normal approximation with correctly specified within-subject correlation. An application illustrating our methods and supporting the simulation study results is also presented.

'Nobody tosses a dwarf!' The relation between the empirical and the normative reexamined.

Science.gov (United States)

Leget, Carlo; Borry, Pascal; de Vries, Raymond

2009-05-01

This article discusses the relation between empirical and normative approaches in bioethics. The issue of dwarf tossing, while admittedly unusual, is chosen as a point of departure because it challenges the reader to look with fresh eyes upon several central bioethical themes, including human dignity, autonomy, and the protection of vulnerable people. After an overview of current approaches to the integration of empirical and normative ethics, we consider five ways that the empirical and normative can be brought together to speak to the problem of dwarf tossing: prescriptive applied ethics, theoretical ethics, critical applied ethics, particularist ethics and integrated empirical ethics. We defend a position of critical applied ethics that allows for a two-way relation between empirical and normative theories. Against efforts fully to integrate the normative and the empirical into one synthesis, we propose that the two should stand in tension and relation to one another. The approach we endorse acknowledges that a social practice can and should be judged both by the gathering of empirical data and by normative ethics. Critical applied ethics uses a five stage process that includes: (a) determination of the problem, (b) description of the problem, (c) empirical study of effects and alternatives, (d) normative weighing and (e) evaluation of the effects of a decision. In each stage, we explore the perspective from both the empirical (sociological) and the normative ethical point of view. We conclude by applying our five-stage critical applied ethics to the example of dwarf tossing.

Moment Conditions Selection Based on Adaptive Penalized Empirical Likelihood

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yunquan Song

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Empirical likelihood is a very popular method and has been widely used in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI and data mining as tablets and mobile application and social media dominate the technology landscape. This paper proposes an empirical likelihood shrinkage method to efficiently estimate unknown parameters and select correct moment conditions simultaneously, when the model is defined by moment restrictions in which some are possibly misspecified. We show that our method enjoys oracle-like properties; that is, it consistently selects the correct moment conditions and at the same time its estimator is as efficient as the empirical likelihood estimator obtained by all correct moment conditions. Moreover, unlike the GMM, our proposed method allows us to carry out confidence regions for the parameters included in the model without estimating the covariances of the estimators. For empirical implementation, we provide some data-driven procedures for selecting the tuning parameter of the penalty function. The simulation results show that the method works remarkably well in terms of correct moment selection and the finite sample properties of the estimators. Also, a real-life example is carried out to illustrate the new methodology.

Sparsity guided empirical wavelet transform for fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Dong; Zhao, Yang; Yi, Cai; Tsui, Kwok-Leung; Lin, Jianhui

2018-02-01

Rolling element bearings are widely used in various industrial machines, such as electric motors, generators, pumps, gearboxes, railway axles, turbines, and helicopter transmissions. Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings is beneficial to preventing any unexpected accident and reducing economic loss. In the past years, many bearing fault detection methods have been developed. Recently, a new adaptive signal processing method called empirical wavelet transform attracts much attention from readers and engineers and its applications to bearing fault diagnosis have been reported. The main problem of empirical wavelet transform is that Fourier segments required in empirical wavelet transform are strongly dependent on the local maxima of the amplitudes of the Fourier spectrum of a signal, which connotes that Fourier segments are not always reliable and effective if the Fourier spectrum of the signal is complicated and overwhelmed by heavy noises and other strong vibration components. In this paper, sparsity guided empirical wavelet transform is proposed to automatically establish Fourier segments required in empirical wavelet transform for fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings. Industrial bearing fault signals caused by single and multiple railway axle bearing defects are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed sparsity guided empirical wavelet transform. Results show that the proposed method can automatically discover Fourier segments required in empirical wavelet transform and reveal single and multiple railway axle bearing defects. Besides, some comparisons with three popular signal processing methods including ensemble empirical mode decomposition, the fast kurtogram and the fast spectral correlation are conducted to highlight the superiority of the proposed method.

Gazprom the new russian empire

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cosnard, D.

2004-01-01

The author analyzes the economical and political impacts of the great Gazprom group, leader in the russian energy domain, in Russia. Already number one of the world gas industry, this Group is becoming the right-hand of the Kremlin. Thus the author wonders on this empire transparency and limits. (A.L.B.)

Collective Labour Supply, Taxes, and Intrahousehold Allocation: An Empirical Approach

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bloemen, H.G.

2017-01-01

Most empirical studies of the impact of labour income taxation on the labour supply behaviour of households use a unitary modelling approach. In this paper we empirically analyze income taxation and the choice of working hours by combining the collective approach for household behaviour and the

Disintegration of monetary system of medieval Serbia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gnjatović Dragana

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The subject matter of this paper is the process of gradual disintegration of monetary system of medieval Serbia during the second half of the 14th and the first half of the 15th century. This period is characterized by an appearance of frequent usurpations of the ruling right to mint coinage by local landlords and the attempts of the rulers from Lazarević and Branković families to restore unified monetary system. Common debasements and restorations of silver coinage provoked economic instability and induced frequent turning backwards to the custom of using weighted silver instead of silver coins as commodity monetary standard. The aim of this paper is to explain the reasons for those phenomena. We apply qualitative, historical, empirical analysis where we consider money minting right holders and their decisions to debase and restore the value of silver dinars. We found that gradual disintegration of monetary system of medieval Serbian State continued until the fall of Serbian Despotate as a consequence of political instability following dissolution of medieval Serbian Empire and economic and financial exhaustion of Serbia by Ottoman suzerains.

Bias-dependent hybrid PKI empirical-neural model of microwave FETs

Science.gov (United States)

Marinković, Zlatica; Pronić-Rančić, Olivera; Marković, Vera

2011-10-01

Empirical models of microwave transistors based on an equivalent circuit are valid for only one bias point. Bias-dependent analysis requires repeated extractions of the model parameters for each bias point. In order to make model bias-dependent, a new hybrid empirical-neural model of microwave field-effect transistors is proposed in this article. The model is a combination of an equivalent circuit model including noise developed for one bias point and two prior knowledge input artificial neural networks (PKI ANNs) aimed at introducing bias dependency of scattering (S) and noise parameters, respectively. The prior knowledge of the proposed ANNs involves the values of the S- and noise parameters obtained by the empirical model. The proposed hybrid model is valid in the whole range of bias conditions. Moreover, the proposed model provides better accuracy than the empirical model, which is illustrated by an appropriate modelling example of a pseudomorphic high-electron mobility transistor device.

Study of the World War I Effects on the Social Structures of the Western Regions of Iran

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shahin Ranaie

2017-09-01

Full Text Available During the World War I, the western district of Iran was the place of military and political conflicts of the Entente and Alliance states, owing to its strategic geographical location. On the one side, it was bordered by the Ottoman Empire, and on the other side it was located under the influence of Russia. In this research, we try to consider the impacts of the World War I on the social, economic and political spheres. Based on the results of the research, large numbers of people of this area were killed due to military combats, starvation, famine and disease during the war. Cities became the military base of the hostile powers and economic and social institutions such as municipal and farming were destroyed. The domination of the central government, and the authority of local governors and political stability were exhausted.

The hoard of Becin - non-destructive analysis of the silver coins

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodrigues, M.; Schreiner, M.; Melcher, M.; Maeder, M.; Guerra, M.; Salomon, J.; Radtke, M.; Alram, M.; Schindel, N.

2010-01-01

We report the results of an analytical investigation on 416 silver-copper coins stemming from the Ottoman Empire (end of 16th and beginning of 17th centuries), using synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence analysis (SRXRF). In the past, analyses had already been conducted with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) and proton induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE). With this combination of techniques it was possible to confirm the fineness of the coinage as well as to study the provenance of the alloy used for the coins. For the interpretation of the data statistical analysis (principal component analysis - PCA) has been performed. A definite local assignment was explored and significant clustering was obtained regarding the minor and trace elements composing the coin alloys. (orig.)

Paintings beyond the Boundaries of the Canon: Bulgarian Churches and Monasteries XVII - XIX Century

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Sabev

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Traditions in the decoration of Christian temples on the Balkans are largely related to strictly established rules, deriving from Byzantium and developed in the theological ranges in the empire. The holy fathers like John of Damascus and Theodore the Studite announced themselves in defense of veneration of the icons (overcoming the crisis of persecution, something more – their theological insights and logically consistent studies give the possibility to artists to express their feelings and conceptions but taking into consideration the ecclesiastical rules – canons. The article explores process of breaking the boundaries of canon set by Church Fathers as a result of unpreparedness, ignorance and total aesthetic decline after Ottoman invasion. It is appeared various levels of naive art and breaking of the canon established by the Orthodox Church. Many examples passing beyond the boundaries of ecclesiastical rules are presented.

Empirical and theoretical challenges in aboveground-belowground ecology

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

W.H. van der Putten,; R.D. Bardgett; P.C. de Ruiter

2009-01-01

of the current conceptual succession models into more predictive models can help targeting empirical studies and generalising their results. Then, we discuss how understanding succession may help to enhance managing arable crops, grasslands and invasive plants, as well as provide insights into the effects...... and environmental settings, we explore where and how they can be supported by theoretical approaches to develop testable predictions and to generalise empirical results. We review four key areas where a combined aboveground-belowground approach offers perspectives for enhancing ecological understanding, namely...

Teaching "Empire of the Sun."

Science.gov (United States)

Riet, Fred H. van

1990-01-01

A Dutch teacher presents reading, film viewing, and writing activities for "Empire of the Sun," J. G. Ballard's autobiographical account of life as a boy in Shanghai and in a Japanese internment camp during World War II (the subject of Steven Spielberg's film of the same name). Includes objectives, procedures, and several literature,…

Empirical Specification of Utility Functions.

Science.gov (United States)

Mellenbergh, Gideon J.

Decision theory can be applied to four types of decision situations in education and psychology: (1) selection; (2) placement; (3) classification; and (4) mastery. For the application of the theory, a utility function must be specified. Usually the utility function is chosen on a priori grounds. In this paper methods for the empirical assessment…

Pluvials, Droughts, the Mongol Empire, and Modern Mongolia

Science.gov (United States)

Hessl, A. E.; Pederson, N.; Baatarbileg, N.; Anchukaitis, K. J.

2013-12-01

Understanding the connections between climate, ecosystems, and society during historical and modern climatic transitions requires annual resolution records with high fidelity climate signals. Many studies link the demise of complex societies with deteriorating climate conditions, but few have investigated the connection between climate, surplus energy, and the rise of empires. Inner Asia in the 13th century underwent a major political transformation requiring enormous energetic inputs that altered human history. The Mongol Empire, centered on the city of Karakorum, became the largest contiguous land empire in world history (Fig. 1 inset). Powered by domesticated grazing animals, the empire grew at the expense of sedentary agriculturalists across Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. Although some scholars and conventional wisdom agree that dry conditions spurred the Mongol conquests, little paleoenvironmental data at annual resolution are available to evaluate the role of climate in the development of the Mongol Empire. Here we present a 2600 year tree-ring reconstruction of warm-season, self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI), a measure of water balance, derived from 107 live and dead Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) trees growing on a Holocene lava flow in central Mongolia. Trees growing on the Khorgo lava flow today are stunted and widely spaced, occurring on microsites with little to no soil development. These trees are extremely water-stressed and their radial growth is well-correlated with both drought (scPDSI) and grassland productivity (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)). Our reconstruction, calibrated and validated on instrumental June-September scPDSI (1959-2009) accounts for 55.8% of the variability in the regional scPDSI when 73% of the annual rainfall occurs. Our scPDSI reconstruction places historic and modern social change in Mongolia in the context of the range of climatic variability during the Common Era. Our record

Porphyry of Russian Empires in Paris

Science.gov (United States)

Bulakh, Andrey

2014-05-01

Porphyry of Russian Empires in Paris A. G. Bulakh (St Petersburg State University, Russia) So called "Schokhan porphyry" from Lake Onega, Russia, belongs surely to stones of World cultural heritage. One can see this "porphyry" at facades of a lovely palace of Pavel I and in pedestal of the monument after Nicolas I in St Petersburg. There are many other cases of using this stone in Russia. In Paris, sarcophagus of Napoleon I Bonaparte is constructed of blocks of this stone. Really, it is Proterozoic quartzite. Geology situation, petrography and mineralogical characteristic will be reported too. Comparison with antique porphyre from the Egyptian Province of the Roma Empire is given. References: 1) A.G.Bulakh, N.B.Abakumova, J.V.Romanovsky. St Petersburg: a History in Stone. 2010. Print House of St Petersburg State University. 173 p.

Empirical prediction of ash deposition propensities in coal-fired utilities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frandsen, F.

1997-01-01

This report contain an outline of some of the ash chemistry indices utilized in the EPREDEPO (Empirical PREdiction of DEPOsition) PC-program, version 1.0 (DEPO10), developed by Flemming Frandsen, The CHEC Research Programme, at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark. DEPO10 is a 1st generation FTN77 Fortran PC-programme designed to empirically predict ash deposition propensities in coal-fired utility boilers. Expectational data (empirical basis) from an EPRI-sponsored survey of ash deposition experiences at coal-fired utility boilers, performed by Battelle, have been tested for use on Danish coal chemistry - boiler operational conditions, in this study. (au) 31 refs.

The effect of loss functions on empirical Bayes reliability analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vincent A. R. Camara

1999-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of the present study is to investigate the sensitivity of empirical Bayes estimates of the reliability function with respect to changing of the loss function. In addition to applying some of the basic analytical results on empirical Bayes reliability obtained with the use of the “popular” squared error loss function, we shall derive some expressions corresponding to empirical Bayes reliability estimates obtained with the Higgins–Tsokos, the Harris and our proposed logarithmic loss functions. The concept of efficiency, along with the notion of integrated mean square error, will be used as a criterion to numerically compare our results.

Empirical Scientific Research and Legal Studies Research--A Missing Link

Science.gov (United States)

Landry, Robert J., III

2016-01-01

This article begins with an overview of what is meant by empirical scientific research in the context of legal studies. With that backdrop, the argument is presented that without engaging in normative, theoretical, and doctrinal research in tandem with empirical scientific research, the role of legal studies scholarship in making meaningful…

Empirical P-L-C relations for delta Scuti stars

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gupta, S.K.

1978-01-01

Separate P-L-C relations have been empirically derived by sampling the delta Scuti stars according to their pulsation modes. The results based on these relations have been compared with those estimated from the model based P-L-C relations and the other existing empirical P-L-C relations. It is found that a separate P-L-C relation for each pulsation mode provides a better correspondence with observations. (Auth.)

An empirical investigation of Australian Stock Exchange data

Science.gov (United States)

Bertram, William K.

2004-10-01

We present an empirical study of high frequency Australian equity data examining the behaviour of distribution tails and the existence of long memory. A method is presented allowing us to deal with Australian Stock Exchange data by splitting it into two separate data series representing an intraday and overnight component. Power-law exponents for the empirical density functions are estimated and compared with results from other studies. Using the autocorrelation and variance plots we find there to be a strong indication of long-memory type behaviour in the absolute return, volume and transaction frequency.

The conceptual and empirical relationship between gambling, investing, and speculation.

Science.gov (United States)

Arthur, Jennifer N; Williams, Robert J; Delfabbro, Paul H

2016-12-01

Background and aims To review the conceptual and empirical relationship between gambling, investing, and speculation. Methods An analysis of the attributes differentiating these constructs as well as identification of all articles speaking to their empirical relationship. Results Gambling differs from investment on many different attributes and should be seen as conceptually distinct. On the other hand, speculation is conceptually intermediate between gambling and investment, with a few of its attributes being investment-like, some of its attributes being gambling-like, and several of its attributes being neither clearly gambling or investment-like. Empirically, gamblers, investors, and speculators have similar cognitive, motivational, and personality attributes, with this relationship being particularly strong for gambling and speculation. Population levels of gambling activity also tend to be correlated with population level of financial speculation. At an individual level, speculation has a particularly strong empirical relationship to gambling, as speculators appear to be heavily involved in traditional forms of gambling and problematic speculation is strongly correlated with problematic gambling. Discussion and conclusions Investment is distinct from gambling, but speculation and gambling have conceptual overlap and a strong empirical relationship. It is recommended that financial speculation be routinely included when assessing gambling involvement, and there needs to be greater recognition and study of financial speculation as both a contributor to problem gambling as well as an additional form of behavioral addiction in its own right.

Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological, and Military Affairs, Number 1443

Science.gov (United States)

1977-09-08

acquaint myself with the city of Shkoder and with the glorious epic of the heroes Perlat Rexhepi , Branko Kadia and Jordan Misja. Having seen the...Perlat Rexhepi farm enterprise, the result of the persistent work of all the workers and specialists of that enterprise. And other visits to the copper

Empirical distribution function under heteroscedasticity

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Víšek, Jan Ámos

2011-01-01

Roč. 45, č. 5 (2011), s. 497-508 ISSN 0233-1888 Grant - others:GA UK(CZ) GA402/09/0557 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : Robustness * Convergence * Empirical distribution * Heteroscedasticity Subject RIV: BB - Applied Statistics , Operational Research Impact factor: 0.724, year: 2011 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2011/SI/visek-0365534.pdf

Inland empire logistics GIS mapping project.

Science.gov (United States)

2009-01-01

The Inland Empire has experienced exponential growth in the area of warehousing and distribution facilities within the last decade and it seems that it will continue way into the future. Where are these facilities located? How large are the facilitie...

Empirical Descriptions of Criminal Sentencing Decision-Making

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rasmus H. Wandall

2014-05-01

Full Text Available The article addresses the widespread use of statistical causal modelling to describe criminal sentencing decision-making empirically in Scandinavia. The article describes the characteristics of this model, and on this basis discusses three aspects of sentencing decision-making that the model does not capture: 1 the role of law and legal structures in sentencing, 2 the processes of constructing law and facts as they occur in the processes of handling criminal cases, and 3 reflecting newer organisational changes to sentencing decision-making. The article argues for a stronger empirically based design of sentencing models and for a more balanced use of different social scientific methodologies and models of sentencing decision-making.

An empirical formula for scattered neutron components in fast neutron radiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dou Haifeng; Tang Bin

2011-01-01

Scattering neutrons are one of the key factors that may affect the images of fast neutron radiography. In this paper, a mathematical model for scattered neutrons is developed on a cylinder sample, and an empirical formula for scattered neutrons is obtained. According to the results given by Monte Carlo methods, the parameters in the empirical formula are obtained with curve fitting, which confirms the logicality of the empirical formula. The curve-fitted parameters of common materials such as 6 LiD are given. (authors)

Combining Empirical and Stochastic Models for Extreme Floods Estimation

Science.gov (United States)

Zemzami, M.; Benaabidate, L.

2013-12-01

Hydrological models can be defined as physical, mathematical or empirical. The latter class uses mathematical equations independent of the physical processes involved in the hydrological system. The linear regression and Gradex (Gradient of Extreme values) are classic examples of empirical models. However, conventional empirical models are still used as a tool for hydrological analysis by probabilistic approaches. In many regions in the world, watersheds are not gauged. This is true even in developed countries where the gauging network has continued to decline as a result of the lack of human and financial resources. Indeed, the obvious lack of data in these watersheds makes it impossible to apply some basic empirical models for daily forecast. So we had to find a combination of rainfall-runoff models in which it would be possible to create our own data and use them to estimate the flow. The estimated design floods would be a good choice to illustrate the difficulties facing the hydrologist for the construction of a standard empirical model in basins where hydrological information is rare. The construction of the climate-hydrological model, which is based on frequency analysis, was established to estimate the design flood in the Anseghmir catchments, Morocco. The choice of using this complex model returns to its ability to be applied in watersheds where hydrological information is not sufficient. It was found that this method is a powerful tool for estimating the design flood of the watershed and also other hydrological elements (runoff, volumes of water...).The hydrographic characteristics and climatic parameters were used to estimate the runoff, water volumes and design flood for different return periods.

Evidence-based Nursing Education - a Systematic Review of Empirical Research

Science.gov (United States)

Reiber, Karin

2011-01-01

The project „Evidence-based Nursing Education – Preparatory Stage“, funded by the Landesstiftung Baden-Württemberg within the programme Impulsfinanzierung Forschung (Funding to Stimulate Research), aims to collect information on current research concerned with nursing education and to process existing data. The results of empirical research which has already been carried out were systematically evaluated with aim of identifying further topics, fields and matters of interest for empirical research in nursing education. In the course of the project, the available empirical studies on nursing education were scientifically analysed and systematised. The over-arching aim of the evidence-based training approach – which extends beyond the aims of this project - is the conception, organisation and evaluation of vocational training and educational processes in the caring professions on the basis of empirical data. The following contribution first provides a systematic, theoretical link to the over-arching reference framework, as the evidence-based approach is adapted from thematically related specialist fields. The research design of the project is oriented towards criteria introduced from a selection of studies and carries out a two-stage systematic review of the selected studies. As a result, the current status of research in nursing education, as well as its organisation and structure, and questions relating to specialist training and comparative education are introduced and discussed. Finally, the empirical research on nursing training is critically appraised as a complementary element in educational theory/psychology of learning and in the ethical tradition of research. This contribution aims, on the one hand, to derive and describe the methods used, and to introduce the steps followed in gathering and evaluating the data. On the other hand, it is intended to give a systematic overview of empirical research work in nursing education. In order to preserve a

Downside Risk And Empirical Asset Pricing

NARCIS (Netherlands)

P. van Vliet (Pim)

2004-01-01

textabstractCurrently, the Nobel prize winning Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) celebrates its 40th birthday. Although widely applied in financial management, this model does not fully capture the empirical riskreturn relation of stocks; witness the beta, size, value and momentum effects. These

Empirical Differential Balancing for Nonlinear Systems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kawano, Yu; Scherpen, Jacquelien M.A.; Dochain, Denis; Henrion, Didier; Peaucelle, Dimitri

In this paper, we consider empirical balancing of nonlinear systems by using its prolonged system, which consists of the original nonlinear system and its variational system. For the prolonged system, we define differential reachability and observability Gramians, which are matrix valued functions

Collaboration in genocide: the Ottoman Empire 1915–1916, the German-occupied Baltic 1941–1944, and Rwanda 1994.

Science.gov (United States)

Weiss-Wendt, Anton; Üngör, Uğur Ümit

2011-01-01

This article develops a new paradigm for the study of collaboration by applying the concept to events outside the context of the Second World War. The authors examine three instances of collaboration in twentieth-century mass killings, seeking to situate them within the framework of genocide. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the article questions the validity of explanations of conflict predicated on the existence of binary systems—explanations that appear frequently in comparative genocide studies. The authors relate the decision to participate in mass murder to the history of structural inequality within a given society. The article concludes that, however vague, the concept of collaboration is useful in accentuating a bottom-up approach in the study of genocide.

Estate accounting as a public policy tool and its application in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cengiz Toraman

2006-07-01

-Había menores que debían ser protegidos legalmente. Este estudio pretende informar sobre la contabilidad sucesoria en el Imperio Otomano, presentando una muestra originaria del siglo XVII. En el Imperio Otomano, la contabilidad sucesoria y la liquidación de herencias servía para mantener el orden social, asegurando la pervivencia de las deudas cuando una de las partes fallecía, así como el debido pago a terceros con derecho a bienes pertenecientes al patrimonio objeto de la herencia.

Data-Driven and Expectation-Driven Discovery of Empirical Laws.

Science.gov (United States)

1982-10-10

occurred in small integer proportions to each other. In 1809, Joseph Gay- Lussac found evidence for his law of combining volumes, which stated that a...of Empirical Laws Patrick W. Langley Gary L. Bradshaw Herbert A. Simon T1he Robotics Institute Carnegie-Mellon University Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania...Subtitle) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Data-Driven and Expectation-Driven Discovery Interim Report 2/82-10/82 of Empirical Laws S. PERFORMING ORG

Protein-Ligand Empirical Interaction Components for Virtual Screening.

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Yuna; Wang, Weijun; Sun, Zhaoxi; Zhang, John Z H; Ji, Changge

2017-08-28

A major shortcoming of empirical scoring functions is that they often fail to predict binding affinity properly. Removing false positives of docking results is one of the most challenging works in structure-based virtual screening. Postdocking filters, making use of all kinds of experimental structure and activity information, may help in solving the issue. We describe a new method based on detailed protein-ligand interaction decomposition and machine learning. Protein-ligand empirical interaction components (PLEIC) are used as descriptors for support vector machine learning to develop a classification model (PLEIC-SVM) to discriminate false positives from true positives. Experimentally derived activity information is used for model training. An extensive benchmark study on 36 diverse data sets from the DUD-E database has been performed to evaluate the performance of the new method. The results show that the new method performs much better than standard empirical scoring functions in structure-based virtual screening. The trained PLEIC-SVM model is able to capture important interaction patterns between ligand and protein residues for one specific target, which is helpful in discarding false positives in postdocking filtering.

Semi-empirical corrosion model for Zircaloy-4 cladding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nadeem Elahi, Waseem; Atif Rana, Muhammad

2015-01-01

The Zircaloy-4 cladding tube in Pressurize Water Reactors (PWRs) bears corrosion due to fast neutron flux, coolant temperature, and water chemistry. The thickness of Zircaloy-4 cladding tube may be decreased due to the increase in corrosion penetration which may affect the integrity of the fuel rod. The tin content and inter-metallic particles sizes has been found significantly in the magnitude of oxide thickness. In present study we have developed a Semiempirical corrosion model by modifying the Arrhenius equation for corrosion as a function of acceleration factor for tin content and accumulative annealing. This developed model has been incorporated into fuel performance computer code. The cladding oxide thickness data obtained from the Semi-empirical corrosion model has been compared with the experimental results i.e., numerous cases of measured cladding oxide thickness from UO 2 fuel rods, irradiated in various PWRs. The results of the both studies lie within the error band of 20μm, which confirms the validity of the developed Semi-empirical corrosion model. Key words: Corrosion, Zircaloy-4, tin content, accumulative annealing factor, Semi-empirical, PWR. (author)

Opposing the nuclear threat: The convergence of moral analysis and empirical data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hehir, J.B.

1986-01-01

This paper examines the concept of nuclear winter from the perspective of religious and moral values. The objective is to identify points of intersection between the empirical arguments about nuclear winter and ethical perspectives on nuclear war. The analysis moves through three steps: (1) the context of the nuclear debate; (2) the ethical and empirical contributions to the nuclear debate; and (3) implications for policy drawn from the ethical-empirical data

Turkish Architectural Works in Cyprus: “Lodges”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zihni Turkan

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Architectural works from the Ottoman period in Cyprus (1571-1878, still exist in various settlements as samples of Turkish architecture on the island, and leave their mark on the historical textures.  Among the religious structures in the island belonging to the Ottoman period, lodges have a significant place with “Mevlevi, Aziziye, Kırklar, Kutup Osman, Hala Sultan, Zuhuri, Hz. Ömer and Hasan Ağa Lodges” constituting important examples to this style.  These structures were each planned as complexes and they are all composed of mosque/masjid, tomb, and residential rooms.  Lodges were built using local smooth cut stones and load-bearing wall system.  The roofs were made of domes and slanted roofs of wooden structures. Pointed arches were used as traditional bearing, covering openings.  Lodges, where restoration works are completed, are open for visit, and they preserve their place of importance as cultural heritage, transferring the traits of Ottoman period to the future.

Evaluating guideline adherence regarding empirical vancomycin use in patients with neutropenic fever.

Science.gov (United States)

Chastain, Daniel B; Wheeler, Sarah; Franco-Paredes, Carlos; Olubajo, Babatunde; Hawkins, W Anthony

2018-04-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of empirical vancomycin for patients with neutropenic fever (NF) with regard to adherence to treatment guidelines. Adult patients with a diagnosis of neutropenia, who met the definition of NF as per treatment guidelines, were identified. Use of vancomycin was evaluated as part of empirical therapy and again after 72h. Outcomes were assessed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and univariate exact logistic regression analyses. Sixty-four patients were included. Overall, inappropriate empirical vancomycin use was observed in more than 30% of patients. Of 35 patients with indications for empirical vancomycin, only 68% received it. At 72h, appropriate vancomycin continuation, de-escalation, or discontinuation occurred in 21 of 33 patients. On univariate regression, hematological malignancy was associated with appropriate empirical vancomycin prescribing, whether initiating or withholding (odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.31-12.1). No variable was independently associated with inappropriate continuation at 72h. There is poor guideline adherence to vancomycin prescribing as empirical therapy and at 72-h reassessment in patients with NF. Further efforts are needed to foster a more rational use of vancomycin in patients with NF. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Empirical reality, empirical causality, and the measurement problem

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

d'Espagnat, B.

1987-01-01

Does physics describe anything that can meaningfully be called independent reality, or is it merely operational? Most physicists implicitly favor an intermediate standpoint, which takes quantum physics into account, but which nevertheless strongly holds fast to quite strictly realistic ideas about apparently obvious facts concerning the macro-objects. Part 1 of this article, which is a survey of recent measurement theories, shows that, when made explicit, the standpoint in question cannot be upheld. Part 2 brings forward a proposal for making minimal changes to this standpoint in such a way as to remove such objections. The empirical reality thus constructed is a notion that, to some extent, does ultimately refer to the human means of apprehension and of data processing. It nevertheless cannot be said that it reduces to a mere name just labelling a set of recipes that never fail. It is shown that their usual notion of macroscopic causality must be endowed with similar features

Freedom's Shore

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Duncan, Russell

protected the newly-freed slaves trying to build lives in the shattered but glorious aftermath of the war. In the end, Campbell lost to the patriarchs of white supremacy and was sent to work in a chain-gang labor camp while African Americans in his district were relegated to unequal and discriminatory...

Sustainable Leadership and Future-Oriented Decision Making in the Educational Governance--A Finnish Case

Science.gov (United States)

Metsamuuronen, Jari; Kuosa, Tuomo; Laukkanen, Reijo

2013-01-01

Purpose: During the new millennium the Finnish educational system has faced a new challenge: how to explain glorious PISA results produced with only a small variance between schools, average national costs and, as regards the average duration of studies, relatively efficiently. Explanations for this issue can be searched for in many different…

Persuasive History: A Critical Comparison of Television's "Victory at Sea" and "The World at War."

Science.gov (United States)

Mattheisen, Donald J.

1992-01-01

Discusses the television series "Victory at Sea" and "The World at War" and their use in teaching about World War II. Contrasts that war's glorious portrayal in "Victory at Sea" with the more ambiguous presentation of "The World at War." Suggests that students can learn a great deal about war and film itself…

Empirical Estimates in Economic and Financial Optimization Problems

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Houda, Michal; Kaňková, Vlasta

2012-01-01

Roč. 19, č. 29 (2012), s. 50-69 ISSN 1212-074X R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP402/10/1610; GA ČR GAP402/11/0150; GA ČR GAP402/10/0956 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : stochastic programming * empirical estimates * moment generating functions * stability * Wasserstein metric * L1-norm * Lipschitz property * consistence * convergence rate * normal distribution * Pareto distribution * Weibull distribution * distribution tails * simulation Subject RIV: BB - Applied Statistics, Operational Research http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2012/E/houda-empirical estimates in economic and financial optimization problems.pdf

The DSM revision process: needing to keep an eye on the empirical ball.

Science.gov (United States)

First, M B

2017-01-01

From DSM-III onward, successive DSM editions have strived to ground the diagnostic definitions in empirical evidence. DSM-IV established a three-stage process of empirical review, consisting of comprehensive and systematic literature reviews, secondary analyses of datasets, and field trials to provide reliability and validity data for the most substantial or controversial proposals. DSM-IV Work Group members were required to review the empirical literature to document explicitly the evidence supporting the text and criteria published in DSM-IV. As noted by Kendler and Solomon (2016), in contrast to the emphasis on systematic reviews in medicine which is a manifestation of the evidence-based medicine movement, such systematic evidence-based reviews have not been consistently integrated into the development of DSM-5, raising questions about empirical rigor underlying the DSM-5 revision. It is likely that this regression in terms of anchoring the revision process in a comprehensive review of empirical data stemmed from the emphasis during the DSM-5 revision process on trying to move DSM-5 from its categorical descriptive approach towards a more etiological dimensional approach. Although such a shift ultimately did not occur, the effort spent on trying to achieve a paradigm shift likely came at the expense of the hard work of conducting systematic empirical reviews. For the DSM to continue to remain credible in the current era of evidence-based medicine, it is essential that the developers of future editions of the DSM avoid taking their eye off the empirical ball and insure that the manual remains grounded in solid empirical evidence.

Empirical Evidence for the Relation between Customer Satisfaction and Business Performance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

A. van der Wiele (Ton); J.P.P.E.F. Boselie (Paul); M. Hesselink

2001-01-01

textabstractThis paper focuses on the analysis of empirical data on customer satisfaction and the relationship with hard organisational performance data. The organisation is a Flexcompany with its headquarters in The Netherlands, but also operating in other countries in Europe. The empirical data on

Empirical Evaluation of Two Best-Practices for Energy-Efficient Software Development

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Procaccianti, G.; Fernandez, H.J.; Lago, P.

2016-01-01

Background. Energy efficiency is an increasingly important property of software. A large number of empirical studies have been conducted on the topic. However, current state-of-the-Art does not provide empirically-validated guidelines for developing energy-efficient software. Aim. This study aims at

EVOLVING AN EMPIRICAL METHODOLOGY DOR DETERMINING ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The uniqueness of this approach, is that it can be applied to any forest or dynamic feature on the earth, and can enjoy universal application as well. KEY WORDS: Evolving empirical methodology, innovative mathematical model, appropriate interval, remote sensing, forest environment planning and management. Global Jnl ...

Spitsbergen - Imperialists beyond the British Empire

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kruse, Frigga; Hacquebord, Louwrens

2012-01-01

This paper looks at the relationship between Spitsbergen in the European High Arctic and the global British Empire in the first quarter of the twentieth century. Spitsbergen was an uninhabited no man's land and comprised an unknown quantity of natural resources. The concepts of geopolitics and New

The problem analysis for empirical studies

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Groenland, E.A.G.

2014-01-01

This article proposes a systematic methodology for the development of a problem analysis for cross-sectional, empirical research. This methodology is referred to as the 'Annabel approach'. It is suitable both for academic studies and applied (business) studies. In addition it can be used for both

Transition States from Empirical Force Fields

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Frank; Norrby, Per-Ola

2003-01-01

This is an overview of the use of empirical force fields in the study of reaction mechanisms. EVB-type methods (including RFF and MCMM) produce full reaction surfaces by mixing, in the simplest case, known force fields describing reactants and products. The SEAM method instead locates approximate...

Filtration of human EEG recordings from physiological artifacts with empirical mode method

Science.gov (United States)

Grubov, Vadim V.; Runnova, Anastasiya E.; Khramova, Marina V.

2017-03-01

In the paper we propose the new method for dealing with noise and physiological artifacts in experimental human EEG recordings. The method is based on analysis of EEG signals with empirical mode decomposition (Hilbert-Huang transform). We consider noises and physiological artifacts on EEG as specific oscillatory patterns that cause problems during EEG analysis and can be detected with additional signals recorded simultaneously with EEG (ECG, EMG, EOG, etc.) We introduce the algorithm of the method with following steps: empirical mode decomposition of EEG signal, choosing of empirical modes with artifacts, removing empirical modes with artifacts, reconstruction of the initial EEG signal. We test the method on filtration of experimental human EEG signals from eye-moving artifacts and show high efficiency of the method.

An empirical and model study on automobile market in Taiwan

Science.gov (United States)

Tang, Ji-Ying; Qiu, Rong; Zhou, Yueping; He, Da-Ren

2006-03-01

We have done an empirical investigation on automobile market in Taiwan including the development of the possession rate of the companies in the market from 1979 to 2003, the development of the largest possession rate, and so on. A dynamic model for describing the competition between the companies is suggested based on the empirical study. In the model each company is given a long-term competition factor (such as technology, capital and scale) and a short-term competition factor (such as management, service and advertisement). Then the companies play games in order to obtain more possession rate in the market under certain rules. Numerical simulation based on the model display a competition developing process, which qualitatively and quantitatively agree with our empirical investigation results.

Introducing Empirical Exercises into Principles of Economics.

Science.gov (United States)

McGrath, Eileen L.; Tiemann, Thomas K.

1985-01-01

A rationale for requiring undergraduate students to become familiar with the empirical side of economics is presented, and seven exercises that can be used in an introductory course are provided. (Author/RM)

The empirical potential of live streaming beyond cognitive psychology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander Nicolai Wendt

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Empirical methods of self-description, think aloud protocols and introspection have been extensively criticized or neglected in behaviorist and cognitivist psychology. Their methodological value has been fundamentally questioned since there apparently is no suficient proof for their validity. However, the major arguments against self-description can be critically reviewed by theoretical psychology. This way, these methods’ empirical value can be redeemed. Furthermore, self-descriptive methods can be updated by the use of contemporary media technology. In order to support the promising perspectives for future empirical research in the field of cognitive psychology, Live Streaming is proposed as a viable data source. Introducing this new paradigm, this paper presents some of the formal constituents and accessible contents of Live Streaming, and relates them to established forms of empirical research. By its structure and established usage, Live Streaming bears remarkable resemblances to the traditional methods of self-description, yet it also adds fruitful new features of use. On the basis of its qualities, the possible benefits that appear to be feasible in comparison with the traditional methods of self-description are elaborated, such as Live Streaming’s ecological validity. Ultimately, controversial theoretical concepts, such as those in phenomenology and cultural-historical psychology, are adopted to sketch further potential benefits of the utility of Live Streaming in current psychology debates.

Empirical methods for estimating future climatic conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1990-01-01

Applying the empirical approach permits the derivation of estimates of the future climate that are nearly independent of conclusions based on theoretical (model) estimates. This creates an opportunity to compare these results with those derived from the model simulations of the forthcoming changes in climate, thus increasing confidence in areas of agreement and focusing research attention on areas of disagreements. The premise underlying this approach for predicting anthropogenic climate change is based on associating the conditions of the climatic optimums of the Holocene, Eemian, and Pliocene with corresponding stages of the projected increase of mean global surface air temperature. Provided that certain assumptions are fulfilled in matching the value of the increased mean temperature for a certain epoch with the model-projected change in global mean temperature in the future, the empirical approach suggests that relationships leading to the regional variations in air temperature and other meteorological elements could be deduced and interpreted based on use of empirical data describing climatic conditions for past warm epochs. Considerable care must be taken, of course, in making use of these spatial relationships, especially in accounting for possible large-scale differences that might, in some cases, result from different factors contributing to past climate changes than future changes and, in other cases, might result from the possible influences of changes in orography and geography on regional climatic conditions over time

Robot Wars: US Empire and geopolitics in the robotic age

Science.gov (United States)

Shaw, Ian GR

2017-01-01

How will the robot age transform warfare? What geopolitical futures are being imagined by the US military? This article constructs a robotic futurology to examine these crucial questions. Its central concern is how robots – driven by leaps in artificial intelligence and swarming – are rewiring the spaces and logics of US empire, warfare, and geopolitics. The article begins by building a more-than-human geopolitics to de-center the role of humans in conflict and foreground a worldly understanding of robots. The article then analyzes the idea of US empire, before speculating upon how and why robots are materializing new forms of proxy war. A three-part examination of the shifting spaces of US empire then follows: (1) Swarm Wars explores the implications of miniaturized drone swarming; (2) Roboworld investigates how robots are changing US military basing strategy and producing new topological spaces of violence; and (3) The Autogenic Battle-Site reveals how autonomous robots will produce emergent, technologically event-ful sites of security and violence – revolutionizing the battlespace. The conclusion reflects on the rise of a robotic US empire and its consequences for democracy. PMID:29081605

Evaluating guideline adherence regarding empirical vancomycin use in patients with neutropenic fever

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel B. Chastain

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of empirical vancomycin for patients with neutropenic fever (NF with regard to adherence to treatment guidelines. Methods: Adult patients with a diagnosis of neutropenia, who met the definition of NF as per treatment guidelines, were identified. Use of vancomycin was evaluated as part of empirical therapy and again after 72 h. Outcomes were assessed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test, and univariate exact logistic regression analyses. Results: Sixty-four patients were included. Overall, inappropriate empirical vancomycin use was observed in more than 30% of patients. Of 35 patients with indications for empirical vancomycin, only 68% received it. At 72 h, appropriate vancomycin continuation, de-escalation, or discontinuation occurred in 21 of 33 patients. On univariate regression, hematological malignancy was associated with appropriate empirical vancomycin prescribing, whether initiating or withholding (odds ratio 4.0, 95% confidence interval 1.31–12.1. No variable was independently associated with inappropriate continuation at 72 h. Conclusions: There is poor guideline adherence to vancomycin prescribing as empirical therapy and at 72-h reassessment in patients with NF. Further efforts are needed to foster a more rational use of vancomycin in patients with NF. Keywords: Antibiotics, Neutropenia, Neutropenic fever, Vancomycin

Empirical research on constructing Taiwan's ecoenvironmental ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In this paper, the material flow indicators and ecological footprint approach structured are adopted to construct eco-environmental stress indicators. We use relevant data to proceed with the empirical analyses on environmental stress and ecological impacts in Taiwan between the years of 1998 and 2007. Analysis of ...

Empirical questions for collective-behaviour modelling

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The collective behaviour of groups of social animals has been an active topic of study ... Models have been successful at reproducing qualitative features of ... quantitative and detailed empirical results for a range of animal systems. ... standard method [23], the redundant information recorded by the cameras can be used to.

An empirical system for probabilistic seasonal climate prediction

Science.gov (United States)

Eden, Jonathan; van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan; Hawkins, Ed; Suckling, Emma

2016-04-01

Preparing for episodes with risks of anomalous weather a month to a year ahead is an important challenge for governments, non-governmental organisations, and private companies and is dependent on the availability of reliable forecasts. The majority of operational seasonal forecasts are made using process-based dynamical models, which are complex, computationally challenging and prone to biases. Empirical forecast approaches built on statistical models to represent physical processes offer an alternative to dynamical systems and can provide either a benchmark for comparison or independent supplementary forecasts. Here, we present a simple empirical system based on multiple linear regression for producing probabilistic forecasts of seasonal surface air temperature and precipitation across the globe. The global CO2-equivalent concentration is taken as the primary predictor; subsequent predictors, including large-scale modes of variability in the climate system and local-scale information, are selected on the basis of their physical relationship with the predictand. The focus given to the climate change signal as a source of skill and the probabilistic nature of the forecasts produced constitute a novel approach to global empirical prediction. Hindcasts for the period 1961-2013 are validated against observations using deterministic (correlation of seasonal means) and probabilistic (continuous rank probability skill scores) metrics. Good skill is found in many regions, particularly for surface air temperature and most notably in much of Europe during the spring and summer seasons. For precipitation, skill is generally limited to regions with known El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections. The system is used in a quasi-operational framework to generate empirical seasonal forecasts on a monthly basis.

Elie Kedourie a kapitoly britské politiky na Blízkém východě

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kristýna Kynclová

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Western influence on the Middle East is a theme that deservedly attracts attention of many scientists from various fields of study. Many theories with regard to the modern political history of the region have been produced and discussed. One of the authors that came out with an influential concept was Edward Said. In his critique of Orientalism (Orientalism, 1978, Said focuses on Western conceptions of the Middle East and its outcomes. The book became worldwide famous for its direct assault on Western society and its imperial politics. An influential attitude is taken by another prominent scientist, Bernard Lewis, who represents an opposition to Said´s opinion. This survey is geared towards presenting the work of Baghdad-born British historian Elie Kedourie, who maintains with regard to given topic very interesting position as well. In the course of his career Kedourie mainly focused on modern Middle Eastern history, with a consideration to British political influence in the region. Kedourie tried to analyse factors which brought Ottoman Empire to decline and Middle Eastern region to general long-lasting crisis. In his writings Kedourie questioned the matter of suitability of Ottoman reforms based on European examples. He also occupied himself in detail with the issue of McMahon-Husayn correspondence and its interpretations, as well as with the Sykes-Picot agreement. He polemised with official viewpoints of British establishment and, usually with criticism, he assessed measures of British foreign politics. His revolutionary interpretations are believed to have changed the scientific approach of the view on modern history of the Middle Eastern countries.

La Turquie face à la globalisation. Convergence d’intérêts entre les acteurs religieux particularistes : le cas du sud-est européen dans les années 1990 Turkey and Globalisation. Convergence of Interests between Particularists Religious Actors. The South-East Europe during the ’90s

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nikolaos Raptopoulos

2011-03-01

Full Text Available La globalisation, en favorisant l’interaction des idées et des hommes, est de ces facteurs qui sont capables de mettre en cause des systèmes sociopolitiques rigi­des. Cette contribution s’intéresse plus précisément au cas de figure du système kémaliste turc. L’islam turc, composante incontestée de l’identité nationale, est de plus en plus impliqué dans le système sociopolitique contemporain en tant qu’idéologie globalisante promue par certains acteurs. Cette situation, prévisi­ble pour la scène interne, se confirme aussi dans l’action et l’interaction des protagonistes au niveau international. En Turquie, l’islam, religion monothéiste, est devenu un véhicule d’interaction : d’une part entre l’État (laïc et nationa­liste et les acteurs sociaux islamiques ; d’autre part, entre ces mêmes acteurs et les communautés turques et musulmanes des régions de l’aire ottomane, no­tamment du sud-est de l’Europe.By fostering interaction globalization can question socio-political rigidity. This was the case with kemalist Turkey. Part and parcel of national identity, Turkish Islam is increasingly involved in the socio-political set up in the form of a global ideology. Recognizable locally, this process also carries international weight. Monotheistic Islam has acted in Turkey as a go-between : between the nationalistic, lay State and Islamic actors, between these latter and Islamic elements in regions of the former ottoman empire, notably in south-eastern Europe

THE CHANGING FASHION TRENDS IN THE TURKISH LITERATURE FROM THE TANZIMAT TO THE REPUBLIC (1860-1923 TANZİMAT’TAN CUMHURİYET’E DEĞİŞEN MODA ANLAYIŞININ EDEBİYATA YANSIMALARI (1860–1923

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meral DEMİRYÜREK

2010-07-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study is to reveal the reflections in the Turkish literature of the changing fashion trends in the Ottoman empire, especially in Istanbul, from the Tanzimat to Republic. The literature shows the life. In that case, it has been focused on the novels, stories and memories. Particularly, it has been used literary works published in the later 19th and early 20th century. Appearance of women and men changed fastly in the Ottoman empire towards the end of the 19th century. After 1860s Ottoman- Turkish women begun to make-up and use cosmetics and wear dress of European style. Also men wore jacket, trousers and fez. They had different moustaches.In this study, it will be showed that how the literature reflects the real life and helps to the researches of the social history. In addition to this, it has been attempted to unearth the reflections of the social changes to the literary works. In this present study, it will be examined the literary works published between 1860 and 1923. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Batılılaşma çabasının resmî başlangıcı olan Tanzimat Fermanı’nın ilânıyla ülke sathında topyekûn bir değişim dönemi başlar. Böylece, sosyal, siyasal ve kültürel alanlarda yeni birtakım uygulamalar meydana gelir. Bunların başında ise toplumun çok daha hızlı ve kolay bir biçimde ayak uydurduğu şekille ilgili değişimler gelmektedir. Özellikle kadın ve erkeklerin giyim kuşamında Avrupaî bir tarzın ortaya çıkması çok uzun sürmez. Sokaktaki görünümlerin değişmeye başlaması edebî metinlerde de hemen yer bulur. Bu değişim öncelikle alafranga ve alaturka terimlerini doğurur. Bu sebeple, Tanzimat Edebiyatı’nın başlangıcından itibaren yazılmış roman, öykü ve sohbet türlerindeki eserlerde alafranga insan tasvirlerine çok sık rastlanır.Bu çalışmada 1860’dan 1923’e kadar geçen dönemdeki kılık-kıyafet değişimi çeşitli edebî metin örnekleri arac

Bridging process-based and empirical approaches to modeling tree growth

Science.gov (United States)

Harry T. Valentine; Annikki Makela; Annikki Makela

2005-01-01

The gulf between process-based and empirical approaches to modeling tree growth may be bridged, in part, by the use of a common model. To this end, we have formulated a process-based model of tree growth that can be fitted and applied in an empirical mode. The growth model is grounded in pipe model theory and an optimal control model of crown development. Together, the...

Empirical testing of forecast update procedure forseasonal products

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wong, Chee Yew; Johansen, John

2008-01-01

Updating of forecasts is essential for successful collaborative forecasting, especially for seasonal products. This paper discusses the results of a theoretical simulation and an empirical test of a proposed time-series forecast updating procedure. It involves a two-stage longitudinal case study...... of a toy supply chain. The theoretical simulation involves historical weekly consumer demand data for 122 toy products. The empirical test is then carried out in real-time with 291 toy products. The results show that the proposed forecast updating procedure: 1) reduced forecast errors of the annual...... provided less forecast accuracy improvement and it needed a longer time to achieve relatively acceptable forecast uncertainty....

Empire: New Mexico's First Television Program

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meade, Roger Allen [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2016-11-14

In recent years, New Mexico has hosted television and motion picture film crews working on both famous and not-so-famous productions. Perhaps the most famous of these productions was the television hit Breaking Bad. Perhaps the least famous production, which almost certainly no one remembers, is the 1962-1963 television series Empire. Empire was an hour long western that chronicled the lives of 1960s ranchers in New Mexico. The series starred Richard Egan, Ryan O’Neal, Denver Pyle, and Charles Bronson. Guest stars included Robert Vaughn (The Man from Uncle), Inger Stevens (The Farmer’s Daughter), Robert Culp (I Spy), and Telly Savalas (Kojak).

Academic dishonesty in nursing schools: an empirical investigation.

Science.gov (United States)

McCabe, Donald L

2009-11-01

Academic dishonesty, whether in the form of plagiarism or cheating on tests, has received renewed attention in the past few decades as pervasive use of the Internet and a presumed deterioration of ethics in the current generation of students has led some, perhaps many, to conclude that academic dishonesty is reaching epidemic proportions. What is lacking in many cases, including in the nursing profession, is empirical support of these trends. This article attempts to provide some of that empirical data and supports the conclusion that cheating is a significant issue in all disciplines today, including nursing. Some preliminary policy implications are also considered. Copyright 2009, SLACK Incorporated.

Empirical Estimates in Stochastic Optimization via Distribution Tails

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kaňková, Vlasta

2010-01-01

Roč. 46, č. 3 (2010), s. 459-471 ISSN 0023-5954. [International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Economy and Industry. České Budějovice, 15.06.2009-18.06.2009] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA402/07/1113; GA ČR(CZ) GA402/08/0107; GA MŠk(CZ) LC06075 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : Stochastic programming problems * Stability * Wasserstein metric * L_1 norm * Lipschitz property * Empirical estimates * Convergence rate * Exponential tails * Heavy tails * Pareto distribution * Risk functional * Empirical quantiles Subject RIV: BB - Applied Statistics, Operational Research Impact factor: 0.461, year: 2010

Working Capital Management and Firm Profitability. Empirical Evidence for the Romanian Industry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miloş Marius Cristian

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The paper aims on empirically testing the connection between a firm's liquidity, or else a firm's ability to manage short-term liabilities, without undue stress and its profitability. We are using both a static and dynamic measure of firm liquidity: the traditional current liquidity ratio alongside one of the most frequent used working capital management indicator, the cash conversion cycle. An empirical analysis is performed based on 50 listed companies from Bucharest Stock Exchange, covering various industries. The empirical results are confirming the previous research that has confirmed the negative connection between the days sales outstanding (DSO, respectively the days inventory outstanding (DIO and the profitability of the firm, while cash conversion cycle seems to be positively connected with the firm profitability, in contradiction with some of the previous empirical literature.