Hybrid Bridge Structures Made of Frp Composite and Concrete

Science.gov (United States)

Rajchel, Mateusz; Siwowski, Tomasz

2017-09-01

Despite many advantages over the conventional construction materials, the contemporary development of FRP composites in bridge engineering is limited due to high initial cost, low stiffness (in case of glass fibers) and sudden composite failure mode. In order to reduce the given limitations, mixed (hybrid) solutions connecting the FRP composites and conventional construction materials, including concrete, have been tested in many countries for 20 years. Shaping the hybrid structures based on the attributes of particular materials, aims to increase stiffness and reduce cost without losing the carrying capacity, lightness and easiness of bridges that includes such hybrid girders, and to avoid the sudden dangerous failure mode. In the following article, the authors described examples of hybrid road bridges made of FRP composite and concrete within the time of 20 years and presented the first Polish hybrid FRP-concrete road bridge. Also, the directions of further research, necessary to spread these innovative, advanced and sustainable bridge structures were indicated.

Influence of combined loading state on FRP repaired steel pipelines

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shouman, A. [Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS (Canada). Dept. of Civil Engineering; Taheri, F. [Dalhousie Univ., Halifax, NS (Canada). Ocean Research Centre

2009-07-01

This paper discussed a comprehensive computational investigation conducted to assess the response of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) repaired pipes subjected to combined loading states. The finite element method (FEM) was used to consider the response of both repaired and unrepaired pipes. Internal pressure, pure bending, and combined pure bending and internal pressures. The analysis examined damaged pipes repaired with FRP as well as damaged unrepaired pipes. The study showed that the defect region endured higher internal pressures than unrepaired pipes. The FRP repair restored the pipe to its specified minimum yield strength capacity without interrupting internal fluid transportation. It was concluded that in addition to preventing strain localization or wrinkling in the defect region, the FRP repair also significantly increases the limit bending capacity of the pipes. 6 refs., 2 figs.

Global Loads on FRP Ship Hulls

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Preben Terndrup

1997-01-01

Fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) composites used for high-speed vessels have lower modulus of elasticity than the conventionally used steels.Therefore, for large fast ships the lowest natural frequencies of the global hull modes can be relatively low compared to the frequency of waveencounter....... As part of the NoKoS project it was decided to investigate the effect of hull flexibility on the wave-induced as well as accidental structural loads on high-speed ships.Especially it was decided to determine whether there is an upper size of FRP and aluminium mono-hulls caused by continuous wave action...

A Polish approach to FRP bridges

Science.gov (United States)

Siwowski, Tomasz; Rajchel, Mateusz

2017-12-01

The paper presents initial results of a new approach to FRP composite bridge construction that is presently being developed and tested in Poland. The concept combines lightweight concrete with FRP composites to create a durable highly optimised structure. The paper describes the bridge system itself and presents the research results on its development. The basic design is presented together with research results on its development: FEM analysis and a range of static test results of full-scale bridge beam experiments. The paper finishes with some test results of a full scale bridge that was constructed near Rzeszow in December 2015.

Nde of Frp Wrapped Columns Using Infrared Thermography

Science.gov (United States)

Halabe, Udaya B.; Dutta, Shasanka Shekhar; GangaRao, Hota V. S.

2008-02-01

This paper investigates the feasibility of using Infrared Thermography (IRT) for detecting debonds in Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) wrapped columns. Laboratory tests were conducted on FRP wrapped concrete cylinders of size 6″×12″ (152.4 mm×304.8 mm) in which air-filled and water-filled debonds of various sizes were placed underneath the FRP wraps. Air-filled debonds were made by cutting plastic sheets into the desired sizes whereas water-filled debonds were made by filling water in custom made polyethylene pouches. Both carbon and glass fiber reinforced wraps were considered in this study. Infrared tests were conducted using a fully radiometric digital infrared camera which was successful in detecting air-filled as well as water-filled subsurface debonds. In addition to the laboratory testing, two field trips were made to Moorefield, West Virginia for detecting subsurface debonds in FRP wrapped timber piles of a railroad bridge using infrared testing. The results revealed that infrared thermography can be used as an effective nondestructive evaluation tool for detecting subsurface debonds in structural components wrapped with carbon or glass reinforced composite fabrics.

Deformation Analysis of RC Ties Externally Strengthened with FRP Sheets

Science.gov (United States)

Gribniak, V.; Arnautov, A. K.; Kaklauskas, G.; Jakstaite, R.; Tamulenas, V.; Gudonis, E.

2014-11-01

The current study has two objectives: to validate the ability of the Atena finite-element software to estimate the deformations of reinforced concrete (RC) elements strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets and to assess the effect of FRP-to-concrete bond strength on the results of numerical simulation. It is shown that the bond strength has to be selected according to the overall stiffness of the composite element. The numerical results found are corroborated experimentally by tensile tests of RC elements strengthened with basalt FRP sheets.

Assessment of Axial Behavior of Circular HPFRCC Members Externally Confined with FRP Sheets

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Ugur Demir

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to identify the axial behavior characteristics of FRP (fiber reinforced polymer confined circular HPFRCC (high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite members under compression. The test program comprised of 24 circular specimens with an average compressive strength of 102.7 MPa, including 21 carbon FRP (CFRP confined (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 layers and three unconfined specimens. Transverse confinement generated by external FRP sheets resulted with a remarkable enhancement in axial strength and deformability, which is extremely important to resist seismic actions. The higher was the thickness of FRP confinement, the larger was the ultimate strain (εcu and peak compressive strength (f′cc of externally confined HPFRCC. When compared to FRP confined conventional concrete, different axial and lateral deformation characteristics were seen in FRP jacketed HPFRCC members. Higher strength and steel fiber presence in HPFRCC limited the lateral deformations which resulted with reduced strain efficiency with respect to conventional concrete. After presenting the experimental work, performance and accuracy of several available models proposed for predicting the axial behavior of FRP jacketed concrete were evaluated in a comparative manner.

Study on the quality of FRP fishing vessel based on improved Fishbone Chart

Science.gov (United States)

Sui, J. H.; Yu, Y. F.; Du, Q. F.; Jiang, D. W.

2018-01-01

The construction quality of FRP fishing vessels influences their production, use and industry development. In order to explore the factors that affect the construction quality of FRP fishing vessels, key factors affecting the construction quality of FRP fishing vessels are determined based on the quality problems of FRP fishing vessels constructed. The improved Fishbone Chart is used to analyze the eight factors of “human, machine, material, process, environment, inspection, design and information”. Taking the factors that affect the construction quality of FRP fishing vessels as the central target, the eight influencing factors were condensed into five aspects and a composite Fishbone Chart is drawn. The Fishbone Chart is used as the basic model, the influencing factors are sorted, screened and discriminated, and the system model convenient for construction site management and control is established. Finally, the causes of poor construction of FRP fishing vessels are analyzed and discussed, and relevant suggestions are put forward.

Behavior and Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling of Circular Concrete Columns Partially Wrapped with FRP Strips

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Junjie Zeng

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP jacketing/wrapping has become an attractive strengthening technique for concrete columns. Wrapping an existing concrete column with continuous FRP jackets with the fiber in the jacket being oriented in the hoop direction is referred to as FRP full wrapping strengthening technique. In practice, however, strengthening concrete columns with vertically discontinuous FRP strips is also favored and this technique is referred to as FRP partial wrapping strengthening technique. Existing research has demonstrated that FRP partial wrapping strengthening technique is a promising and economical alternative to the FRP full wrapping strengthening technique. Although extensive experimental investigations have hitherto been conducted on partially FRP-confined concrete columns, the confinement mechanics of confined concrete in partially FRP-confined circular columns remains unclear. In this paper, an experimental program consisting of fifteen column specimens was conducted and the test results were presented. A reliable three-dimensional (3D finite element (FE approach for modeling of partially FRP-confined circular columns was established. In the proposed FE approach, an accurate plastic-damage model for concrete under multiaxial compression is employed. The accuracy of the proposed FE approach was verified by comparisons between the numerical results and the test results. Numerical results from the verified FE approach were then presented to gain an improved understanding of the behavior of confined concrete in partially FRP-confined concrete columns.

Effects of Adhesive Connection on Composite Action between FRP Bridge Deck and Steel Girder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xu Jiang

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The FRP-steel girder composite bridge system is increasingly used in new constructions of bridges as well as rehabilitation of old bridges. However, the understanding of composite action between FRP decks and steel girders is limited and needs to be systematically investigated. In this paper, depending on the experimental investigations of FRP to steel girder system, the Finite Element (FE models on experiments were developed and analyzed. Comparison between experiments and FE results indicated that the FE models were much stiffer for in-plane shear stiffness of the FRP deck panel. To modify the FE models, rotational spring elements were added between webs and flanges of FRP decks, to simulate the semirigid connections. Numerical analyses were also conducted on four-point bending experiments of FRP-steel composite girders. Good agreement between experimental results and FE analysis was achieved by comparing the load-deflection curves at midspan and contribution of composite action from FRP decks. With the validated FE models, the parametric studies were conducted on adhesively bonded connection between FRP decks and steel girders, which indicated that the loading transfer capacity of adhesive connection was not simply dependent on the shear modulus or thickness of adhesive layer but dominated by the in-plane shear stiffness K.

Crack Monitoring Method for an FRP-Strengthened Steel Structure Based on an Antenna Sensor.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Zhiping; Chen, Kai; Li, Zongchen; Jiang, Xiaoli

2017-10-20

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) has been increasingly applied to steel structures for structural strengthening or crack repair, given its high strength-to-weight ratio and high stiffness-to-weight ratio. Cracks in steel structures are the dominant hidden threats to structural safety. However, it is difficult to monitor structural cracks under FRP coverage and there is little related research. In this paper, a crack monitoring method for an FRP-strengthened steel structure deploying a microstrip antenna sensor is presented. A theoretical model of the dual-substrate antenna sensor with FRP is established and the sensitivity of crack monitoring is studied. The effects of the weak conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) on the performance of crack monitoring are analyzed via contrast experiments. The effects of FRP thickness on the performance of the antenna sensor are studied. The influence of structural strain on crack detection coupling is studied through strain-crack coupling experiments. The results indicate that the antenna sensor can detect cracks in steel structures covered by FRP (including CFRP). FRP thickness affects the antenna sensor's performance significantly, while the effects of strain can be ignored. The results provide a new approach for crack monitoring of FRP-strengthened steel structures with extensive application prospects.

Crack Monitoring Method for an FRP-Strengthened Steel Structure Based on an Antenna Sensor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhiping Liu

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP has been increasingly applied to steel structures for structural strengthening or crack repair, given its high strength-to-weight ratio and high stiffness-to-weight ratio. Cracks in steel structures are the dominant hidden threats to structural safety. However, it is difficult to monitor structural cracks under FRP coverage and there is little related research. In this paper, a crack monitoring method for an FRP-strengthened steel structure deploying a microstrip antenna sensor is presented. A theoretical model of the dual-substrate antenna sensor with FRP is established and the sensitivity of crack monitoring is studied. The effects of the weak conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs on the performance of crack monitoring are analyzed via contrast experiments. The effects of FRP thickness on the performance of the antenna sensor are studied. The influence of structural strain on crack detection coupling is studied through strain–crack coupling experiments. The results indicate that the antenna sensor can detect cracks in steel structures covered by FRP (including CFRP. FRP thickness affects the antenna sensor’s performance significantly, while the effects of strain can be ignored. The results provide a new approach for crack monitoring of FRP-strengthened steel structures with extensive application prospects.

Experimental testing of a self-sensing FRP-concrete composite beam using FBG sensors

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yanlei; Hao, Qingduo; Ou, Jinping

2009-03-01

A new kind of self-sensing fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-concrete composite beam, which consists of a FRP box beam combined with a thin layer of concrete in the compression zone, was developed by using two embedded FBG sensors in the top and bottom flanges of FRP box beam at mid-span section along longitudinal direction, respectively. The flexural behavior of the proposed self-sensing FRP-concrete composite beam was experimentally studied in four-point bending. The longitudinal strains of the composite beam were recorded using the embedded FBG sensors as well as the surfacebonded electric resistance strain gauges. Test results indicate that the FBG sensors can faithfully record the longitudinal strain of the composite beam in tension at bottom flange of the FRP box beam or in compression at top flange over the entire load range, as compared with the surface-bonded strain gauges. The proposed self-sensing FRP-concrete composite beam can monitor its longitudinal strains in serviceability limit state as well as in strength limit state, and will has wide applications for long-term monitoring in civil engineering.

Polyurethane foam infill for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bridge deck panels.

Science.gov (United States)

2014-05-01

Although still in their infancy, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bridges have shown great promise in eliminating corrosion : concerns and meeting (or exceeding) FHWAs goal of 100-year life spans for bridges. While FRP bridges are cost-effective in ...

Investigation of mRNA expression for secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) in chick embryos.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Chung-Tien; Lin, Yu-Ting; Kuo, Tzong-Fu

2007-08-01

The roles of secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) in organ development of vertebrate animals are not well understood. We investigated expression of sFRP2 during embryogenesis of Arbor Acre broiler chicken eggs. Expression of sFRP2 was detected in the folds and lateral layer of developing brains. The sFRP2 signals in the developing eye were marked as a circle along the orbit. In younger embryos on days 3-6, the sFRP2 signals were consistent with growth of the sclerotome, suggesting that sFRP2 may be associated with somite development. Furthermore, with the exception of bones, sFRP2 mRNA was detectable in the interdigital tissue of embryos older than eight days as the limbs matured. This revealed that sFRP2 might play a role in myogenesis. In situ hybridization was also used to analyze the expression of sFRP2 in day 3-10 chick embryos. Signals were expressed in the gray matter of the developing brain coelom, including the optic lobe, metencephalon, myelencephalon, mesencephalon and diencephalon. The developing eyes contained an intercellular distribution of sFRP2 in the pigmented layer of the retina and photoreceptors. Furthermore, sFRP2 was expressed in the mantle layer of the neural tube and notochord. Based on these findings, it seems reasonable to suggest that sFRP2 may play an active role in embryogenesis, especially in development of the neural system, eyes, muscles and limbs.

Nonlinear behaviors of FRP-wrapped tall trees subjected to high wind loads

Science.gov (United States)

Kang, J.; Yi, Z. Z.; Choi, S. G.

2017-12-01

This study investigated the mechanical stability of historical tall trees wrapped with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates using finite element (FE) analysis. High wind loads are considered as external loading conditions as they are one of the major threats on the structural stability of tall old trees. There have been several traditional practices to enhance the stability of tall trees exposed to high windstorms such as tree supporters and anchorages. They, however, have been sometimes causing negative effects with their misuses as the application guidelines for those methods were not adequately studied or documented. Furthermore, the oldest known trees in the country should be protected from the damage of external surface as well as ruin of the landscape. The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural effects of FRP wraps applied to tall trees subjected to high wind loads. The anisotropic material properties of wood and FRP laminates were considered in the analysis in addition to geometrically nonlinear behaviors. This study revealed that FRP wrapping for tall trees could effectively reduce the deflections and maximum stresses of trees, which results in the enhanced stability of tall trees. The optimum geometry and thicknesses of FRP wraps proposed in this study would provide fundemental guidelines for designing and constructing the application of innovative FRP wraps on tall trees, which are structurally unstable or should be preserved nationally and historically.

Flexural behaviour of RCC beams with externally bonded FRP

Science.gov (United States)

Vignesh, S. Arun; Sumathi, A.; Saravana Raja Mohan, K.

2017-07-01

The increasing use of carbon and glass fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets for strengthening existing reinforced concrete beams has generated considerable interest in understanding the behavior of the FRP sheets when subjected to bending. The study on flexure includes various parameters like percentage of increase in strength of the member due to the externally bonded Fiber reinforced polymer, examining the crack patterns, reasons of debonding of the fibre from the structure, scaling, convenience of using the fibres, cost effectiveness etc. The present work aims to study experimentally about the reasons behind the failure due to flexure of an EB-FRP concrete beam by studying the various parameters. Deflection control may become as important as flexural strength for the design of FRPreinforced concrete structures. A numerical model is created using FEM software and the results are compared with that of the experiment.

Secreted Frizzled related protein-4 (sFRP4) promotes epidermal differentiation and apoptosis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maganga, Richard; Giles, Natalie; Adcroft, Katharine; Unni, Ambili; Keeney, Diane; Wood, Fiona; Fear, Mark; Dharmarajan, Arunasalam

2008-01-01

The skin provides vital protection from infection and dehydration. Maintenance of the skin is through a constant program of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of epidermal cells, whereby proliferating cells in the basal layer differentiating to form the keratinized, anucleated stratum corneum. The WNT signalling pathway is known to be important in the skin. WNT signalling has been shown to be important both in epidermal development and in the maintenance and cycling of hair follicles and epidermal stem cells. However, the precise role for this pathway in epidermal differentiation remains unknown. We investigated the role of the WNT signalling inhibitor sFRP4 in epidermal differentiation. sFRP4 is expressed in both normal skin and keratinocytes in culture. Expression of sFRP4 mRNA and protein increases with keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis, whilst exposure of keratinocytes to exogenous sFRP4 promotes apoptosis and expression of the terminal differentiation marker Involucrin. These data suggest sFRP4 promotes epidermal differentiation.

Secreted Frizzled-related protein-2 (sFRP2) augments canonical Wnt3a-induced signaling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marschall, Zofia von [Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (United States); Fisher, Larry W., E-mail: lfisher@dir.nidcr.nih.gov [Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, NIDCR, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (United States)

2010-09-24

Research highlights: {yields} sFRP2 enhances the Wnt3a-induced {beta}-catenin stabilization and its nuclear translocation. {yields} sFRP2 enhances LRP6 phosphorylation and Wnt3a/{beta}-catenin transcriptional reporter activity. {yields} Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) fully antagonizes both Wnt3a/sFRP2-induced LRP6 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity. {yields} sFRP2 enhances expression of genes known to be regulated by Wnt3a signaling. -- Abstract: Secreted Frizzled-related proteins (sFRP) are involved in embryonic development as well as pathological conditions including bone and myocardial disorders and cancer. Because of their sequence homology with the Wnt-binding domain of Frizzled, they have generally been considered antagonists of canonical Wnt signaling. However, additional activities of various sFRPs including both synergism and mimicry of Wnt signaling as well as functions other than modulation of Wnt signaling have been reported. Using human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293A), we found that sFRP2 enhanced Wnt3a-dependent phosphorylation of LRP6 as well as both cytosolic {beta}-catenin levels and its nuclear translocation. While addition of recombinant sFRP2 had no activity by itself, Top/Fop luciferase reporter assays showed a dose-dependent increase of Wnt3a-mediated transcriptional activity. sFRP2 enhancement of Wnt3a signaling was abolished by treatment with the Wnt antagonist, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). Wnt-signaling pathway qPCR arrays showed that sFRP2 enhanced the Wnt3a-mediated transcriptional up-regulation of several genes regulated by Wnt3a including its antagonists, DKK1, and Naked cuticle-1 homolog (NKD1). These results support sFRP2's role as an enhancer of Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling, a result with biological impact for both normal development and diverse pathologies such as tumorigenesis.

Secreted Frizzled-related protein-2 (sFRP2) augments canonical Wnt3a-induced signaling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marschall, Zofia von; Fisher, Larry W.

2010-01-01

Research highlights: → sFRP2 enhances the Wnt3a-induced β-catenin stabilization and its nuclear translocation. → sFRP2 enhances LRP6 phosphorylation and Wnt3a/β-catenin transcriptional reporter activity. → Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) fully antagonizes both Wnt3a/sFRP2-induced LRP6 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity. → sFRP2 enhances expression of genes known to be regulated by Wnt3a signaling. -- Abstract: Secreted Frizzled-related proteins (sFRP) are involved in embryonic development as well as pathological conditions including bone and myocardial disorders and cancer. Because of their sequence homology with the Wnt-binding domain of Frizzled, they have generally been considered antagonists of canonical Wnt signaling. However, additional activities of various sFRPs including both synergism and mimicry of Wnt signaling as well as functions other than modulation of Wnt signaling have been reported. Using human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293A), we found that sFRP2 enhanced Wnt3a-dependent phosphorylation of LRP6 as well as both cytosolic β-catenin levels and its nuclear translocation. While addition of recombinant sFRP2 had no activity by itself, Top/Fop luciferase reporter assays showed a dose-dependent increase of Wnt3a-mediated transcriptional activity. sFRP2 enhancement of Wnt3a signaling was abolished by treatment with the Wnt antagonist, Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). Wnt-signaling pathway qPCR arrays showed that sFRP2 enhanced the Wnt3a-mediated transcriptional up-regulation of several genes regulated by Wnt3a including its antagonists, DKK1, and Naked cuticle-1 homolog (NKD1). These results support sFRP2's role as an enhancer of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a result with biological impact for both normal development and diverse pathologies such as tumorigenesis.

Prediction of punching shear capacities of two-way concrete slabs reinforced with FRP bars

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Ibrahim M. Metwally

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Where corrosion of steel reinforcement is a concern, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP reinforcing bar or grid reinforcement provides an alternative reinforcement for concrete flat slabs. The existing provisions for punching of slabs in most international design standards for reinforced concrete are based on tests of steel reinforced slabs. The elastic stiffness and bonding characteristics of FRP reinforcement are sufficiently different from those of steel to affect punching strength [1]. This paper evaluates the punching shear strength of concrete flat slabs reinforced with different types of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP. A total of 59 full-size slabs were constructed and tested collected from the literature of FRP bars reinforced concrete slabs. The test parameters were the amount of FRP reinforcing bars, Young’s modulus of FRP bars, slab thickness, loaded areas and concrete compressive strength. The experimental punching shear strengths were compared with the available theoretical predictions, including the ACI 318 Code, BS 8110 Code, ACI 440 design guidelines, and a number of models proposed by some researchers in the literature. Two approaches for predicting the punching strength of FRP-reinforced slabs are examined. The first is an empirical new model which is considered as a modification of El-Gamal et al. [2] model. The second is a Neural Networks Technique; which has been developed to predict the punching shear capacity of FRP reinforced concrete slabs. The accuracies of both methods were evaluated against the experimental test data. They attained excellent agreement with available test results compared to the existing design formulas.

Repair & Strengthening of Distressed/Damaged Ends of Prestressed Beams with FRP Composites

Science.gov (United States)

2018-02-01

Over the past few decades, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have emerged as a lightweight and efficient material used for the repair and retrofit of concrete infrastructures. FRP can be applied to concrete as either externally bonded laminat...

A mechanical model for FRP-strengthened beams in bending

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P. S. Valvo

2012-10-01

Full Text Available We analyse the problem of a simply supported beam, strengthened with a fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP strip bonded to its intrados and subjected to bending couples applied to its end sections. A mechanical model is proposed, whereby the beam and FRP strip are modelled according to classical beam theory, while the adhesive and its neighbouring layers are modelled as an interface having a piecewise linear constitutive law defined over three intervals (elastic response – softening response – debonding. The model is described by a set of differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions. An analytical solution to the problem is determined, including explicit expressions for the internal forces, displacements and interfacial stresses. The model predicts an overall non-linear mechanical response for the strengthened beam, ranging over several stages: from linearly elastic behaviour to damage, until the complete detachment of the FRP reinforcement.

A Critical Review of Research on Reuse of Mechanically Recycled FRP Production and End-of-Life Waste for Construction

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Ardavan Yazdanbakhsh

2014-06-01

Full Text Available For the last three decades, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP composite materials have been widely used in major engineering industries. Managing FRP waste is becoming an important issue due to the growth in the production of FRP composite materials. In this article, the issue of FRP waste management is discussed and the commonly used methods for the handling of FRP waste are reviewed. One potentially viable use of FRP waste is in the partial replacement of fillers or aggregates in cementitious materials (particularly portland cement mortar and concrete. A number of important prior investigations performed on the use of FRP waste in concrete and mortar are reviewed. The results from most of those investigations suggest that FRP aggregates significantly reduce the strength of cementitious materials with little significant effect on durability. Recommendations for future research in this area are provided for producing stronger mortars and concretes incorporating FRP production and end-of-life waste.

FRP tendon anchorage in post-tensioned concrete structures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schmidt, Jacob Wittrup; Täljsten, Björn; Bennitz, Anders

2008-01-01

effective Young´s modulus and the high stress capacity in the linear elastic range of the material. The use of external tendons increases the requirements on the anchorage systems. This is in particular important when using un-bonded tendon systems, where the anchorage and deviators are the only force...... transfer points. The demand for high capacity anchorage tendons is fulfilled for steel tendons, but no competitive mechanical anchor has yet been developed for FRP tendon. A new small, reliable and more user friendly anchor has to be developed, before FRP tendons can be utilized with all of its capacity...

Push-out tests and evaluation of FRP perfobond rib shear connectors performance

Science.gov (United States)

Kolpasky, Ludvik; Ryjacek, Pavel

2017-09-01

The behavioural characteristics of FRP (fibre-reinforced polymer) perfobond rib shear connector was examined through push-out tests in order to verify the applicability for pedestrian bridge structure. The aim of this study is to determine interaction between high performance concrete slab and handmade FRP plate which represent web of the composite beam. Combination of these modern materials leads to structural system with both great load bearing capacity and also sufficient flexural stiffness of the composite element. Openings cut into the GFRP plate at a variable spacing allow GFRP reinforcement bars to be inserted to act as shear studs. Hand lay-up process can increase suitable properties of FRP for connection by perfobond rib shear connectors. In this study, three push-out tests on fiber-reinforced polymer were performed to investigate their shear behaviour. The results of the push-out tests on FRP perfobond rib shear connector indicates great promise for application in full scale structures.

Experimental investigation on FRP to steel adhesively-bonded joint under tensile loading

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jiang, X.; Kolstein, M.H.; Bijlaard, F.S.K.

2012-01-01

Due to various advantages of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) decks, the FRP to steel composite girder system is being increasingly used in the construction of new bridges as well as the rehabilitation projects of old bridges. This paper focus on the mechanical behaviors and failure modes of the

Pretreatment of Woven Jute FRP Composite and Its Use in Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Flexure

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tara Sen

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Environmental awareness motivates researchers worldwide to perform studies of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites, as they come with many advantages and are primarily sustainable. The present study aims at evaluating the mechanical characteristics of natural woven jute fibre reinforced polymer (FRP composite subjected to three different pretreatments, alkali, benzyl chloride, and lastly heat treatment. It was concluded that heat treatment is one of the most suitable treatment methods for enhancing mechanical properties of jute FRP. Durability studies on Jute FRP pertaining to some common environmental conditions were also carried out such as effect of normal water and thermal aging on the tensile strength of jute FRP followed by fire flow test. The heat treated woven jute FRP composites were subsequently used for flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams in full and strip wrapping configurations. The study includes the effect of flexural strengthening provided by woven jute FRP, study of different failure modes, load deflection behavior, effect on the first crack load, and ultimate flexural strength of concrete beams strengthened using woven jute FRP subjected to bending loads. The study concludes that woven jute FRP is a suitable material which can be used for flexural upgradation of reinforced concrete beams.

FRP-RC Beam in Shear: Mechanical Model and Assessment Procedure for Pseudo-Ductile Behavior

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Floriana Petrone

2014-07-01

Full Text Available This work deals with the development of a mechanics-based shear model for reinforced concrete (RC elements strengthened in shear with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP and a design/assessment procedure capable of predicting the failure sequence of resisting elements: the yielding of existing transverse steel ties and the debonding of FRP sheets/strips, while checking the corresponding compressive stress in concrete. The research aims at the definition of an accurate capacity equation, consistent with the requirement of the pseudo-ductile shear behavior of structural elements, that is, transverse steel ties yield before FRP debonding and concrete crushing. For the purpose of validating the proposed model, an extended parametric study and a comparison against experimental results have been conducted: it is proven that the common accepted rule of assuming the shear capacity of RC members strengthened in shear with FRP as the sum of the maximum contribution of both FRP and stirrups can lead to an unsafe overestimation of the shear capacity. This issue has been pointed out by some authors, when comparing experimental shear capacity values with the theoretical ones, but without giving a convincing explanation of that. In this sense, the proposed model represents also a valid instrument to better understand the mechanical behavior of FRP-RC beams in shear and to calculate their actual shear capacity.

A Review on Strengthening Steel Beams Using FRP under Fatigue

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Mohamed Kamruzzaman

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In recent decades, the application of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP composites for strengthening structural elements has become an efficient option to meet the increased cyclic loads or repair due to corrosion or fatigue cracking. Hence, the objective of this study is to explore the existing FRP reinforcing techniques to care for fatigue damaged structural steel elements. This study covers the surface treatment techniques, adhesive curing, and support conditions under cyclic loading including fatigue performance, crack propagation, and failure modes with finite element (FE simulation of the steel bridge girders and structural elements. FRP strengthening composites delay initial cracking, reduce the crack growth rate, extend the fatigue life, and decrease the stiffness decay with residual deflection. Prestressed carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP is the best strengthening option. End anchorage prevents debonding of the CRRP strips at the beam ends by reducing the local interfacial shear and peel stresses. Hybrid-joint, nanoadhesive, and carbon-flex can also be attractive for strengthening systems.

A review on strengthening steel beams using FRP under fatigue.

Science.gov (United States)

Kamruzzaman, Mohamed; Jumaat, Mohd Zamin; Sulong, N H Ramli; Islam, A B M Saiful

2014-01-01

In recent decades, the application of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for strengthening structural elements has become an efficient option to meet the increased cyclic loads or repair due to corrosion or fatigue cracking. Hence, the objective of this study is to explore the existing FRP reinforcing techniques to care for fatigue damaged structural steel elements. This study covers the surface treatment techniques, adhesive curing, and support conditions under cyclic loading including fatigue performance, crack propagation, and failure modes with finite element (FE) simulation of the steel bridge girders and structural elements. FRP strengthening composites delay initial cracking, reduce the crack growth rate, extend the fatigue life, and decrease the stiffness decay with residual deflection. Prestressed carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is the best strengthening option. End anchorage prevents debonding of the CRRP strips at the beam ends by reducing the local interfacial shear and peel stresses. Hybrid-joint, nanoadhesive, and carbon-flex can also be attractive for strengthening systems.

A Review on Strengthening Steel Beams Using FRP under Fatigue

Science.gov (United States)

Jumaat, Mohd Zamin; Ramli Sulong, N. H.

2014-01-01

In recent decades, the application of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for strengthening structural elements has become an efficient option to meet the increased cyclic loads or repair due to corrosion or fatigue cracking. Hence, the objective of this study is to explore the existing FRP reinforcing techniques to care for fatigue damaged structural steel elements. This study covers the surface treatment techniques, adhesive curing, and support conditions under cyclic loading including fatigue performance, crack propagation, and failure modes with finite element (FE) simulation of the steel bridge girders and structural elements. FRP strengthening composites delay initial cracking, reduce the crack growth rate, extend the fatigue life, and decrease the stiffness decay with residual deflection. Prestressed carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is the best strengthening option. End anchorage prevents debonding of the CRRP strips at the beam ends by reducing the local interfacial shear and peel stresses. Hybrid-joint, nanoadhesive, and carbon-flex can also be attractive for strengthening systems. PMID:25243221

Review of Punching Shear Behaviour of Flat Slabs Reinforced with FRP Bars

Science.gov (United States)

Mohamed, Osama A.; Khattab, Rania

2017-10-01

Using Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars to reinforce two-way concrete slabs can extend the service life, reduce maintenance cost and improve-life cycle cost efficiency. FRP reinforcing bars are more environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional reinforcing steel. Shear behaviour of reinforced concrete structural members is a complex phenomenon that relies on the development of internal load-carrying mechanisms, the magnitude and combination of which is still a subject of research. Many building codes and design standards provide design formulas for estimation of punching shear capacity of FRP reinforced flat slabs. Building code formulas take into account the effects of the axial stiffness of main reinforcement bars, the ratio of the perimeter of the critical section to the slab effective depth, and the slab thickness on the punching shear capacity of two-way slabs reinforced with FRP bars or grids. The goal of this paper is to compare experimental data published in the literature to the equations offered by building codes for the estimation of punching shear capacity of concrete flat slabs reinforced with FRP bars. Emphasis in this paper is on two North American codes, namely, ACI 440.1R-15 and CSA S806-12. The experimental data covered in this paper include flat slabs reinforced with GFRP, BFRP, and CFRP bars. Both ACI 440.1R-15 and CSA S806-12 are shown to be in good agreement with test results in terms of predicting the punching shear capacity.

Nonlinear micromechanics-based finite element analysis of the interfacial behaviour of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete beams

Science.gov (United States)

Abd El Baky, Hussien

This research work is devoted to theoretical and numerical studies on the flexural behaviour of FRP-strengthened concrete beams. The objectives of this research are to extend and generalize the results of simple experiments, to recommend new design guidelines based on accurate numerical tools, and to enhance our comprehension of the bond performance of such beams. These numerical tools can be exploited to bridge the existing gaps in the development of analysis and modelling approaches that can predict the behaviour of FRP-strengthened concrete beams. The research effort here begins with the formulation of a concrete model and development of FRP/concrete interface constitutive laws, followed by finite element simulations for beams strengthened in flexure. Finally, a statistical analysis is carried out taking the advantage of the aforesaid numerical tools to propose design guidelines. In this dissertation, an alternative incremental formulation of the M4 microplane model is proposed to overcome the computational complexities associated with the original formulation. Through a number of numerical applications, this incremental formulation is shown to be equivalent to the original M4 model. To assess the computational efficiency of the incremental formulation, the "arc-length" numerical technique is also considered and implemented in the original Bazant et al. [2000] M4 formulation. Finally, the M4 microplane concrete model is coded in FORTRAN and implemented as a user-defined subroutine into the commercial software package ADINA, Version 8.4. Then this subroutine is used with the finite element package to analyze various applications involving FRP strengthening. In the first application a nonlinear micromechanics-based finite element analysis is performed to investigate the interfacial behaviour of FRP/concrete joints subjected to direct shear loadings. The intention of this part is to develop a reliable bond--slip model for the FRP/concrete interface. The bond

Experimental Study on Steel to FRP Bonded Lap Joints in Marine Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Çiçek Özes

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Steel structures coated with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP composites have gained wide acceptance in marine industry due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, good protection from environmental degradation, and impact loads. In this study, adhesive bonding performance of single-lap bonded joints composed of steel coated with FRP has been investigated experimentally for three different surface roughness and two epoxy types. Single-lap bonded joints have been tested under tensile loading. The adhesive bonding performance has been evaluated by calculating the strain energy values. The results reveal that the surface roughness of steel has a significant effect on the bonding performance of steel to FRP combinations and the performance of the resin can be improved by using the primer in an economical way.

Moment-Curvature Behaviors of Concrete Beams Singly Reinforced by Steel-FRP Composite Bars

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zeyang Sun

2017-01-01

Full Text Available A steel-fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP composite bar (SFCB is a kind of rebar with inner steel bar wrapped by FRP, which can achieve a better anticorrosion performance than that of ordinary steel bar. The high ultimate strength of FRP can also provide a significant increase in load bearing capacity. Based on the adequate simulation of the load-displacement behaviors of concrete beams reinforced by SFCBs, a parametric analysis of the moment-curvature behaviors of concrete beams that are singly reinforced by SFCB was conducted. The critical reinforcement ratio for differentiating the beam’s failure mode was presented, and the concept of the maximum possible peak curvature (MPPC was proposed. After the ultimate curvature reached MPPC, it decreased with an increase in the postyield stiffness ratio (rsf, and the theoretical calculation method about the curvatures before and after the MPPC was derived. The influence of the reinforcement ratio, effective depth, and FRP ultimate strain on the ultimate point was studied by the dimensionless moment and curvature. By calculating the envelope area under the moment-curvature curve, the energy ductility index can obtain a balance between the bearing capacity and the deformation ability. This paper can provide a reference for the design of concrete beams that are reinforced by SFCB or hybrid steel bar/FRP bar.

Refolding, purification and crystallization of the FrpB outer membrane iron transporter from Neisseria meningitidis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saleem, Muhammad; Prince, Stephen M.; Patel, Hema; Chan, Hannah; Feavers, Ian M.; Derrick, Jeremy P.

2012-01-01

The refolding, purification and crystallization of FrpB from the meningitis pathogen Neisseria meningitidis is described. FrpB is an integral outer membrane protein from the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis. It is a member of the TonB-dependent transporter family and promotes the uptake of iron across the outer membrane. There is also evidence that FrpB is an antigen and hence a potential component of a vaccine against meningococcal meningitis. FrpB incorporating a polyhistidine tag was overexpressed in Escherichia coli into inclusion bodies. The protein was then solubilized in urea, refolded and purified to homogeneity. Two separate antigenic variants of FrpB were crystallized by sitting-drop vapour diffusion. Crystals of the F5-1 variant diffracted to 2.4 Å resolution and belonged to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 176.5, b = 79.4, c = 75.9 Å, β = 98.3°. Crystal-packing calculations suggested the presence of a monomer in the asymmetric unit. Crystals of the F3-3 variant also diffracted to 2.4 Å resolution and belonged to space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 , with unit-cell parameters a = 85.3, b = 104.6, c = 269.1 Å. Preliminary analysis suggested the presence of an FrpB trimer in the asymmetric unit

Glass FRP reinforcement in rehabilitation of concrete marine infrastructure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Newhook, John P.

2006-01-01

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcements for concrete structures are gaining wide acceptance as a suitable alternative to steel reinforcements. The primary advantage is that they do not suffer corrosion and hence they promise to be more durable in environments where steel reinforced concrete has a limited life span. Concrete wharves and jetties are examples of structures subjected to such harsh environments and represent the general class of marine infrastructure in which glass FRP (GFRP) reinforcement should be used for improved durability and service life. General design considerations which make glass FRP suitable for use in marine concrete rehabilitation projects are discussed. A case study of recent wharf rehabilitation project in Canada is used to reinforce these considerations. The structure consisted of a GFRP reinforced concrete deck panel and steel - GFRP hybrid reinforced concrete pile cap. A design methodology is developed for the hybrid reinforcement design and verified through testing. The results of a field monitoring program are used to establish the satisfactory field performance of the GFRP reinforcement. The design concepts presented in the paper are applicable to many concrete marine components and other structures where steel reinforcement corrosion is a problem. (author)

Modeling delamination of FRP laminates under low velocity impact

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Z.; Wen, H. M.; Ren, S. L.

2017-09-01

Fiber reinforced plastic laminates (FRP) have been increasingly used in various engineering such as aeronautics, astronautics, transportation, naval architecture and their impact response and failure are a major concern in academic community. A new numerical model is suggested for fiber reinforced plastic composites. The model considers that FRP laminates has been constituted by unidirectional laminated plates with adhesive layers. A modified adhesive layer damage model that considering strain rate effects is incorporated into the ABAQUS / EXPLICIT finite element program by the user-defined material subroutine VUMAT. It transpires that the present model predicted delamination is in good agreement with the experimental results for low velocity impact.

Hybrid FRP-concrete bridge deck system final report II : long term performance of hybrid FRP-concrete bridge deck system.

Science.gov (United States)

2009-06-01

This report describes the investigation of the long term structural performance of a : hybrid FRP-concrete (HFRPC) bridge deck on steel girders. The study aimed at : assessing three long term aspects pertaining to the HFRPC bridge deck: (1) creep : c...

Distributed Long-Gauge Optical Fiber Sensors Based Self-Sensing FRP Bar for Concrete Structure.

Science.gov (United States)

Tang, Yongsheng; Wu, Zhishen

2016-02-25

Brillouin scattering-based distributed optical fiber (OF) sensing technique presents advantages for concrete structure monitoring. However, the existence of spatial resolution greatly decreases strain measurement accuracy especially around cracks. Meanwhile, the brittle feature of OF also hinders its further application. In this paper, the distributed OF sensor was firstly proposed as long-gauge sensor to improve strain measurement accuracy. Then, a new type of self-sensing fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bar was developed by embedding the packaged long-gauge OF sensors into FRP bar, followed by experimental studies on strain sensing, temperature sensing and basic mechanical properties. The results confirmed the superior strain sensing properties, namely satisfied accuracy, repeatability and linearity, as well as excellent mechanical performance. At the same time, the temperature sensing property was not influenced by the long-gauge package, making temperature compensation easy. Furthermore, the bonding performance between self-sensing FRP bar and concrete was investigated to study its influence on the sensing. Lastly, the sensing performance was further verified with static experiments of concrete beam reinforced with the proposed self-sensing FRP bar. Therefore, the self-sensing FRP bar has potential applications for long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) as embedded sensors as well as reinforcing materials for concrete structures.

An investigation into the impact of cryogenic environment on mechanical stresses in FRP composites

Science.gov (United States)

Fifo, O.; Basu, B.

2015-07-01

Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are fast becoming a highly utilised engineering material for high performance applications due to their light weight and high strength. Carbon fibre and other high strength fibres are commonly used in design of aerospace structures, wind turbine blades, etc. and potentially for propellant tanks of launch vehicles. For the aforementioned fields of application, stability of the material is essential over a wide range of temperature particularly for structures in hostile environments. Many studies have been conducted, experimentally, over the last decade to investigate the mechanical behaviour of FRP materials at varying subzero temperature. Likewise, tests on aging and cycling effect (room to low temperature) on the mechanical response of FRP have been reported. However, a relatively lesser focused area has been the mechanical behaviour of FRP composites under cryogenic environment. This article reports a finite element method of investigating the changes in the mechanical characteristics of an FRP material when temperature based analysis falls below zero. The simulated tests are carried out using a finite element package with close material properties used in the cited literatures. Tensile test was conducted and the results indicate that the mechanical responses agree with those reported in the literature sited.

Development of Lateral Prestress in High-Strength Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes

Science.gov (United States)

Vincent, T.; Ozbakkaloglu, T.

2018-02-01

This paper reports on an experimental investigation into the axial and lateral strain development of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) confined high-strength concrete (HSC) with prestressed FRP shells. A total of 24 aramid FRP (AFRP)-confined concrete specimens were manufactured as concrete-filled FRP tubes (CFFTs) with instrumentation to measure the strain variations during application of prestress, removal of end constraints and progressive prestress losses. Prestressed CFFT specimens were prepared with three different dose rates of expansive mineral admixture to create a range of lateral prestress applied to AFRP tubes manufactured with sheet thicknesses of 0.2 or 0.3 mm/ply and referred to as lightly- or well-confined, respectively. In addition to these three levels of prestress, non-prestressed companion specimens were manufactured and tested to determine baseline performance. The experimental results from this study indicate that lateral prestressing of CFFTs manufactured with HSC can be achieved by varying the expansive mineral admixture dose rate with a lateral prestress of up to 7.3 MPa recorded in this study. Significant strain variations were measured during removal of the end constraints with up to 700 microstrain recorded in the axial direction. Finally, the measurement of prestress losses for the month following prestress application revealed minimal progressive losses, with only 250 and 100 με recorded for the axial and hoop strains, respectively.

Experimental and Numerical Study of FRP Encased Composite Concrete Columns

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohsen Ishaghian

2017-02-01

Full Text Available A new type of composite column is presented and assessed through experimental testing and numerical modeling. The objective of this research is to investigate design options for a composite column without the use of ferrous materials. This is to avoid the current problem of deterioration of concrete due to expansion of rusting reinforcement members. Such a target can be achieved by replacing the steel reinforcement of concrete columns with pultruded I-shape glass FRP structural sections. The composite column utilizes a glass FRP tube that surrounds a pultruded I-section glass FRP, which is subsequently filled with concrete. The GFRP tube acts as a stay-in-place form in addition to providing confinement to the concrete. A total of four composite columns were tested under monotonic axial loading. The experimental ultimate capacity of each of the tested composite column was compared to the predicted numerical capacity using ANSYS program. The comparison showed that the predicted numerical values were in good agreement with the experimental ones.

Design Optimization of Hybrid FRP/RC Bridge

Science.gov (United States)

Papapetrou, Vasileios S.; Tamijani, Ali Y.; Brown, Jeff; Kim, Daewon

2018-04-01

The hybrid bridge consists of a Reinforced Concrete (RC) slab supported by U-shaped Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) girders. Previous studies on similar hybrid bridges constructed in the United States and Europe seem to substantiate these hybrid designs for lightweight, high strength, and durable highway bridge construction. In the current study, computational and optimization analyses were carried out to investigate six composite material systems consisting of E-glass and carbon fibers. Optimization constraints are determined by stress, deflection and manufacturing requirements. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and optimization software were utilized, and a framework was developed to run the complete analyses in an automated fashion. Prior to that, FEA validation of previous studies on similar U-shaped FRP girders that were constructed in Poland and Texas is presented. A finer optimization analysis is performed for the case of the Texas hybrid bridge. The optimization outcome of the hybrid FRP/RC bridge shows the appropriate composite material selection and cross-section geometry that satisfies all the applicable Limit States (LS) and, at the same time, results in the lightest design. Critical limit states show that shear stress criteria determine the optimum design for bridge spans less than 15.24 m and deflection criteria controls for longer spans. Increased side wall thickness can reduce maximum observed shear stresses, but leads to a high weight penalty. A taller cross-section and a thicker girder base can efficiently lower the observed deflections and normal stresses. Finally, substantial weight savings can be achieved by the optimization framework if base and side-wall thickness are treated as independent variables.

Effects of Adhesive Connection on Composite Action between FRP Bridge Deck and Steel Girder

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jiang, X.; Luo, Chengwei; Qiang, X.; Kolstein, M.H.; Bijlaard, F.S.K.

2017-01-01

The FRP-steel girder composite bridge system is increasingly used in new constructions of bridges as well as rehabilitation of old bridges. However, the understanding of composite action between FRP decks and steel girders is limited and needs to be systematically investigated. In this paper,

Behaviour of FRP confined concrete in square columns

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

de Diego, A.

2015-12-01

Full Text Available A significant amount of research has been conducted on FRP-confined circular columns, but much less is known about rectangular/square columns in which the effectiveness of confinement is much reduced. This paper presents the results of experimental investigations on low strength square concrete columns confined with FRP. Axial compression tests were performed on ten intermediate size columns. The tests results indicate that FRP composites can significantly improve the bearing capacity and ductility of square section reinforced concrete columns with rounded corners. The strength enhancement ratio is greater the lower the concrete strength and also increases with the stiffness of the jacket. The confined concrete behaviour was predicted according to the more accepted theoretical models and compared with experimental results. There are two key parameters which critically influence the fitting of the models: the strain efficiency factor and the effect of confinement in non-circular sections.La mayoría de las investigaciones sobre hormigón confinado con FRP se han realizado sobre pilares de sección circular, pero el comportamiento en secciones cuadradas/rectangulares, donde el confinamiento es menos eficaz, es mucho menos conocido. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un estudio experimental sobre probetas de hormigón de baja resistencia y sección cuadrada. Se han ensayado a compresión centrada diez probetas de tamaño intermedio. Los resultados indican que el confinamiento mejora significativamente la resistencia y ductilidad del hormigón en columnas de sección cuadrada con las esquinas redondeadas. El incremento de resistencia es mayor cuanto menor es la resistencia del hormigón sin confinar y también aumenta con la rigidez del encamisado. Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos según los modelos teóricos más aceptados. Hay dos parámetros críticos en el ajuste de los modelos: el factor de eficiencia de la deformación y el

Mechanical properties and aesthetics of FRP orthodontic wire fabricated by hot drawing.

Science.gov (United States)

Imai, T; Watari, F; Yamagata, S; Kobayashi, M; Nagayama, K; Toyoizumi, Y; Nakamura, S

1998-12-01

The FRP wires 0.5 mm in diameter with a multiple fiber structure were fabricated by drawing the fiber polymer complex at 250 degrees C for an esthetic, transparent orthodontic wire. Biocompatible CaO-P2O5-SiO2-Al2O3 (CPSA) glass fibers of 8-20 microm in diameter were oriented unidirectionally in the longitudinal direction in PMMA matrix. The mechanical properties were investigated by 3-point flexural test. The FRP wire showed sufficient strength and a very good elastic recovery after deformation. Young's modulus and the flexural load at deflection 1 mm were nearly independent of the fiber diameter and linearly increased with the fiber fraction. The dependence on fiber fraction obeys well the rule of mixture. This FRP wire could cover the range of strength corresponding to the conventional metal orthodontic wires from Ni-Ti used in the initial stage of orthodontic treatments to Co-Cr used in the final stage by changing the volume ratio of glass fibers with the same external diameter. The estheticity in external appearance was excellent. Thus the new FRP wire can satisfy both mechanical properties necessary for an orthodontic wire and enough estheticity, which was not possible for the conventional metal wire.

LSA SAF Meteosat FRP products - Part 2: Evaluation and demonstration for use in the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)

Science.gov (United States)

Roberts, G.; Wooster, M. J.; Xu, W.; Freeborn, P. H.; Morcrette, J.-J.; Jones, L.; Benedetti, A.; Jiangping, H.; Fisher, D.; Kaiser, J. W.

2015-11-01

Characterising the dynamics of landscape-scale wildfires at very high temporal resolutions is best achieved using observations from Earth Observation (EO) sensors mounted onboard geostationary satellites. As a result, a number of operational active fire products have been developed from the data of such sensors. An example of which are the Fire Radiative Power (FRP) products, the FRP-PIXEL and FRP-GRID products, generated by the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF) from imagery collected by the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) series of geostationary EO satellites. The processing chain developed to deliver these FRP products detects SEVIRI pixels containing actively burning fires and characterises their FRP output across four geographic regions covering Europe, part of South America and Northern and Southern Africa. The FRP-PIXEL product contains the highest spatial and temporal resolution FRP data set, whilst the FRP-GRID product contains a spatio-temporal summary that includes bias adjustments for cloud cover and the non-detection of low FRP fire pixels. Here we evaluate these two products against active fire data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and compare the results to those for three alternative active fire products derived from SEVIRI imagery. The FRP-PIXEL product is shown to detect a substantially greater number of active fire pixels than do alternative SEVIRI-based products, and comparison to MODIS on a per-fire basis indicates a strong agreement and low bias in terms of FRP values. However, low FRP fire pixels remain undetected by SEVIRI, with errors of active fire pixel detection commission and omission compared to MODIS ranging between 9-13 % and 65-77 % respectively in Africa. Higher errors of omission result in greater underestimation of regional FRP totals relative to those derived from simultaneously collected MODIS

LSA SAF Meteosat FRP Products: Part 2 - Evaluation and demonstration of use in the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)

Science.gov (United States)

Roberts, G.; Wooster, M. J.; Xu, W.; Freeborn, P. H.; Morcrette, J.-J.; Jones, L.; Benedetti, A.; Kaiser, J.

2015-06-01

Characterising the dynamics of landscape scale wildfires at very high temporal resolutions is best achieved using observations from Earth Observation (EO) sensors mounted onboard geostationary satellites. As a result, a number of operational active fire products have been developed from the data of such sensors. An example of which are the Fire Radiative Power (FRP) products, the FRP-PIXEL and FRP-GRID products, generated by the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF) from imagery collected by the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on-board the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) series of geostationary EO satellites. The processing chain developed to deliver these FRP products detects SEVIRI pixels containing actively burning fires and characterises their FRP output across four geographic regions covering Europe, part of South America and northern and southern Africa. The FRP-PIXEL product contains the highest spatial and temporal resolution FRP dataset, whilst the FRP-GRID product contains a spatio-temporal summary that includes bias adjustments for cloud cover and the non-detection of low FRP fire pixels. Here we evaluate these two products against active fire data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and compare the results to those for three alternative active fire products derived from SEVIRI imagery. The FRP-PIXEL product is shown to detect a substantially greater number of active fire pixels than do alternative SEVIRI-based products, and comparison to MODIS on a per-fire basis indicates a strong agreement and low bias in terms of FRP values. However, low FRP fire pixels remain undetected by SEVIRI, with errors of active fire pixel detection commission and omission compared to MODIS ranging between 9-13 and 65-77% respectively in Africa. Higher errors of omission result in greater underestimation of regional FRP totals relative to those derived from simultaneously collected MODIS

Backbone resonance assignments of the outer membrane lipoprotein FrpD from Neisseria meningitidis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bumba, Ladislav; Sviridova, E.; Kutá-Smatanová, Ivana; Řezáčová, Pavlína; Veverka, Václav

2014-01-01

Roč. 8, č. 1 (2014), s. 53-55 ISSN 1874-2718 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP207/11/0717; GA MŠk(CZ) LK11205 Institutional support: RVO:61388963 ; RVO:61388971 ; RVO:67179843 Keywords : Neisseria meningitidis * FrpC * FrpD * backbone assignments * NMR * iron-regulated protein Subject RIV: CE - Biochemistry Impact factor: 0.760, year: 2014

Vibrational characteristics of FRP-bonded concrete interfacial defects in a low frequency regime

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Tin Kei; Lau, Denvid

2014-04-01

As externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is a critical load-bearing component of strengthened or retrofitted civil infrastructures, the betterment of structural health monitoring (SHM) methodology for such composites is imperative. Henceforth the vibrational characteristics of near surface interfacial defects involving delamination and trapped air pockets at the FRP-concrete interface are investigated in this study using a finite element approach. Intuitively, due to its lower interfacial stiffness compared with an intact interface, a damaged region is expected to have a set of resonance frequencies different from an intact region when excited by acoustic waves. It has been observed that, when excited acoustically, both the vibrational amplitudes and frequency peaks in the response spectrum of the defects demonstrate a significant deviation from an intact FRP-bonded region. For a thin sheet of FRP bonded to concrete with sizable interfacial defects, the fundamental mode under free vibration is shown to be relatively low, in the order of kHz. Due to the low resonance frequencies of the defects, the use of low-cost equipment for interfacial defect detection via response spectrum analysis is highly feasible.

The Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Issler, R.S.; Silva, G.G. da.

1980-01-01

The Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex located about 840 Km from Manaus, on the northwestern part of the Estado do Amazonas, Brazil is described. Geological reconnaissance mapping by Radam Project/DNPM, of the southwestern portion of the Guianes Craton, determined three circular features arranged in a north-south trend and outcroping as thick lateritic radioactive hills surrounded by gneisses and mignatites of the peneplained Guianense Complex. Results of core drilling samples analysis of the Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex are compared with some igneous rocks and limestones of the world on the basis of abundance of their minor and trace elements. Log-log variation diagram of strontium and barium in carbonatite and limestone, exemplifield by South Africa and Angola carbonatites, are compared with the Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex. The Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex belongs to the siderite-soevite type. (E.G.) [pt

Large scale distribution monitoring of FRP-OF based on BOTDR technique for infrastructures

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Zhi; He, Jianping; Yan, Kai; Ou, Jinping

2007-04-01

BOTDA(R) sensing technique is considered as one of the most practical solution for large-sized structures as the instrument. However, there is still a big obstacle to apply BOTDA(R) in large-scale area due to the high cost and the reliability problem of sensing head which is associated to the sensor installation and survival. In this paper, we report a novel low-cost and high reliable BOTDA(R) sensing head using FRP(Fiber Reinforced Polymer)-bare optical fiber rebar, named BOTDA(R)-FRP-OF. We investigated the surface bonding and its mechanical strength by SEM and intensity experiments. Considering the strain difference between OF and host matrix which may result in measurement error, the strain transfer from host to OF have been theoretically studied. Furthermore, GFRP-OFs sensing properties of strain and temperature at different gauge length were tested under different spatial and readout resolution using commercial BOTDA. Dual FRP-OFs temperature compensation method has also been proposed and analyzed. And finally, BOTDA(R)-OFs have been applied in Tiyu west road civil structure at Guangzhou and Daqing Highway. This novel FRP-OF rebar shows both high strengthen and good sensing properties, which can be used in long-term SHM for civil infrastructures.

Smart FRP Composite Sandwich Bridge Decks in Cold Regions

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-01

In this study, new and integrated Smart honeycomb Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (S-FRP) : sandwich materials for various transportation construction applications, with particular emphasis : on highway bridge decks in cold regions, were developed and teste...

Life Prediction for FRP composites with Data Fusion & Machine Learning

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — High-fidelity, probabilistic predictions of damage evolution in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite structures could accelerate development and certification of...

User manual for the probabilistic fuel performance code FRP

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Friis Jensen, J.; Misfeldt, I.

1980-10-01

This report describes the use of the probabilistic fuel performance code FRP. Detailed description of both input to and output from the program are given. The use of the program is illustrated by an example. (author)

Shear strength estimation of the concrete beams reinforced with FRP; comparison of artificial neural network and equations of regulations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mahmood Akbari

2017-12-01

Full Text Available In recent years, numerous experimental tests were done on the concrete beams reinforced with the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP. In this way, some equations were proposed to estimate the shear strength of the beams reinforced with FRP. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of using a feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN model to predict the ultimate shear strength of the beams strengthened with FRP composites. For this purpose, a database consists of 304 reinforced FRP concrete beams have been collected from the available articles on the analysis of shear behavior of these beams. The inputs to the ANN model consists of the 11 variables including the geometric dimensions of the section, steel reinforcement amount, FRP amount and the properties of the concrete, steel reinforcement and FRP materials while the output variable is the shear strength of the FRP beam. To assess the performance of the ANN model for estimating the shear strength of the reinforced beams, the outputs of the ANN are compared to those of equations of the Iranian code (Publication No. 345 and the American code (ACI 440. The comparisons between the outputs of Iran and American regulations with those of the proposed model indicates that the predictive power of this model is much better than the experimental codes. Specifically, for under study data, mean absolute relative error (MARE criteria is 13%, 34% and 39% for the ANN model, the American and the Iranian codes, respectively.

Study on effects of different patterns and cracking for wastes FRP (used banner) wrapping on compressive strength of confined concrete

Science.gov (United States)

Syazani Leman, Alif; Shahidan, Shahiron; Azmi, M. A. M.; Syamir Senin, Mohamad; Ali, N.; Abdullah, S. R.; Zuki, S. S. Mohd; Ibrahim, M. H. Wan; Nazri, Fadzli Mohamed

2017-11-01

Previous researches have shown that FRP are being introduce into wide variety of civil engineering applications. Fibre Reinforce Concrete (FRP) are also used as repairing method in concrete structures. FRP such as S-glass, AR-glass, E-glass, C-glass, and Aramid Fibre are the common material used in industry. The FRP strips provide the necessary longitudinal and hoop reinforcement. However, there are lots waste materials that can be form as fibre and used in repairing. Banner is a type of waste material fibre that can be used in repairing. In this study, banner will be used as the replacement of the common FRP. The confined concrete (cylinder) of 300mm height and 150mm diameter were cast with M35 grade concrete and tested until it is crack. Next banner are used as the wrapping along the cracking of the concrete with three different pattern that are full wrapping, two band wrapping and cross wrapping using epoxy. Epoxy is a common name for a type of strong adhesive used for sticking things together and covering surface. The objective of this study is to determine the maximum strength and the effect of different patterns wrapping of FRP (banner) on the compressive strength of confined concrete. The results are shows that banner are suitable as a replacement of material for FRP.

Mechanical anchorage of FRP tendons – A literature review

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schmidt, Jacob W.; Bennitz, Anders; Täljsten, Björn

2012-01-01

High tensile strength, good resistance to degradation and creep, low weight and, to some extent, the ability to change the modulus of elasticity are some of the advantages of using prestressed, unidirectional FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymer) tendon systems. Bonded and non-bonded versions of these s......High tensile strength, good resistance to degradation and creep, low weight and, to some extent, the ability to change the modulus of elasticity are some of the advantages of using prestressed, unidirectional FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymer) tendon systems. Bonded and non-bonded versions...... with such systems. This is especially important in external post-tensioned tendon systems, where the anchorage points are exposed to the full load throughout the life span of the structure. Consequently, there are large requirements related to the long-term capacity and fatigue resistance of such systems. Several...

Styrene vapor control systems in FRP yacht plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Todd, W F

1985-01-01

The production of large (greater than 25-ft) fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) yachts has presented problems of styrene exposure in excess of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure level (OSHA PEL) of 100 ppm. Also, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is currently recommending a 10-hour workshift, 40-hour workweek time weighted average (TWA) of 50 ppm for styrene. Meeting this challenge will require a system of engineering, work practice, personal protective equipment, and monitoring control measures. NIOSH has performed a study of the engineering controls in three FRP yacht plants. Work practices and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) were also considered in the evaluation. The three systems evaluated included a dilution system, a local ventilation system, and a push-pull ventilation system. The cost of constructing and operating these systems was not evaluated in this study. Study results indicated that each type of ventilation system can meet the present PEL of 100 ppm styrene; however, it is not certain that these systems can meet a lower PEL of 50 ppm styrene.

Advanced FRP for flooring in buildings: a low carbon material application in the construction industry

OpenAIRE

Gao, Yijian

2013-01-01

Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) are building materials that permit both the improvement of long-term building performance and the simplification of the construction process, thanks to their high specific strength, low thermal conductivity, good environmental resistance, and ability to be formed into complex shapes. FRP materials are well-suited to fulfilling many building functions. By integrating traditionally separate building systems and layers into single function-integrated components, a...

Prediction and experimental characterization of the molecular architecture of FRP and ATRP synthesized polyacrylate networks

OpenAIRE

Gonçalves, Miguel; Dias, Rolando; Costa, Mário Rui

2009-01-01

This work reports experimental and modeling studies concerning the conventional (FRP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylate/diacrylate monomers. In the framework of a recently developed general approach, kinetic models including crosslinking reactions and branching by chain transfer to polymer are discussed for FRP and ATRP polymerization systems. Besides molecular weight distribution (MWD), fairly good predictions of the z-average radius of gyration could be obtained fo...

Numerical estimation of concrete beams reinforced with FRP bars

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Protchenko Kostiantyn

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper introduces numerical investigation on mechanical performance of a concrete beam reinforced with Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP bars, which can be competitive alternative to steel bars for enhancing concrete structures. The objective of this work is being identified as elaborating of reliable numerical model for predicting strength capacity of structural elements with implementation of Finite Element Analysis (FEA. The numerical model is based on experimental study prepared for the beams, which were reinforced with Basalt FRP (BFRP bars and steel bars (for comparison. The results obtained for the beams reinforced with steel bars are found to be in close agreement with the experimental results. However, the beams reinforced with BFRP bars in experimental programme demonstrated higher bearing capacity than those reinforced with steel bars, which is not in a good convergence with numerical results. Authors did attempt to describe the reasons on achieving experimentally higher bearing capacity of beams reinforced with BFRP bars.

Effect of FRP on the Energy Absorbed by Steel Shear Walls with Openings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mojtaba Ghasemzadeh

2015-06-01

Full Text Available It’s for more than three decades that Steel Shear Walls are being used as lateral load resisting system. Definitely,the actual behavior of steel shear walls can be assessed using experimental results. However, solve many of phenomenon like this one should be done using mathematical and theoretical methods due to their special characteristics such as high expenses, lack of laboratory facilities and time limitations. In this study, the behavior of steel plate shear walls with openings in a one-story frame were evaluated and compared in various conditions. For this purpose, different values ​​for the opening in shear wall was considered and exposed to lateral displacement in ABAQUS as a comprehensive finite element software. Then, the impact of FRP arrangement on shear wall was evaluated to represent the structural behavior under various conditions. Result shows that, use of FRP sheets as parallel layers on both sides of shear wall has the best response on energy absorption, so that performance of the model was better than shear wall fully covered with FRP.

An Experimental Simulation to Validate FEM to Predict Transverse Young’s Modulus of FRP Composites

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. S. Sai

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Finite element method finds application in the analysis of FRP composites due to its versatility in getting the solution for complex cases which are not possible by exact classical analytical approaches. The finite element result is questionable unless it is obtained from converged mesh and properly validated. In the present work specimens are prepared with metallic materials so that the arrangement of fibers is close to hexagonal packing in a matrix as similar arrangement in case of FRP is complex due to the size of fibers. Transverse Young’s moduli of these specimens are determined experimentally. Equivalent FE models are designed and corresponding transverse Young’s moduli are compared with the experimental results. It is observed that the FE values are in good agreement with the experimental results, thus validating FEM for predicting transverse modulus of FRP composites.

Behavior of Insulated Carbon-FRP-Strengthened RC Beams Exposed to Fire

Science.gov (United States)

Sayin, B.

2014-09-01

There are two main approaches to improving the fire resistance of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems. While the most common method is to protect or insulate the FRP system, an other way is to use fibers and resins with a better fire performance. This paper presents a numerical investigation into the five protection behavior of insulated carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CFRP)-strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The effects of external loading and thermal expansion of materials at elevated temperatures are taken into consideration in a finite-element model. The validity of the numerical model is demonstrated with results from an existing experimental study on insulated CFRP-strengthened RC beams. Conclusions of this investigation are employed to predict the structural behavior of CFRP-strengthened concrete structures.

The use of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP in bridges as a favourable solution for the environment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Żyjewski Artur

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to show the modern engineering, in which sustainability and taking care of ecology play a significant role. The authors are focused on FRP composite materials and their applications in civil engineering. Case studies showing renovation and design of new bridges with the use of FRP are presented and discussed to clarify benefits, which this solution provides. Main advantages of FRP materials in comparison with traditional ones, like concrete or steel are showed. The environmental impact of composites is described with respect to all life cycle of a product. Furthermore, some forms of waste management are covered. Last part of the paper refers to scientific description of the pedestrian bridge made of FRP, which was realized under the Fobridge research grant. The group of researchers headed by professor Chróścielewski from Gdansk University of Technology has developed a design solution of the pedestrian bridge manufactured in one production cycle. Moreover, the footbridge construction contains a significant share of a recyclable material commonly called PET. The article contains main characteristics of the structure and production process based on the resin infusion.

Binding of sFRP-3 to EGF in the extra-cellular space affects proliferation, differentiation and morphogenetic events regulated by the two molecules.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raffaella Scardigli

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: sFRP-3 is a soluble antagonist of Wnts, widely expressed in developing embryos. The Wnt gene family comprises cysteine-rich secreted ligands that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, organogenesis and oncogenesis of different organisms ranging from worms to mammals. In the canonical signal transduction pathway Wnt proteins bind to the extracellular domain of Frizzled receptors and consequently recruit Dishevelled (Dsh to the cell membrane. In addition to Wnt membrane receptors belonging to the Frizzled family, several other molecules have been described which share homology in the CRD domain and lack the putative trans-membrane domain, such as sFRP molecules (soluble Frizzled Related Protein. Among them, sFRP-3 was originally isolated from bovine articular cartilage and also as a component of the Spemann organizer. sFRP-3 blocks Wnt-8 induced axis duplication in Xenopus embryos and binds to the surface of cells expressing a membrane-anchored form of Wnt-1. Injection of sFRP-3 mRNA blocks expression of XMyoD mRNA and leads to embryos with enlarged heads and shortened trunks. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we report that sFRP-3 specifically blocks EGF-induced fibroblast proliferation and foci formation. Over-expression of sFRP-3 reverts EGF-mediated inhibition of hair follicle development in the mouse ectoderm while its ablation in Xenopus maintains EGF-mediated inhibition of ectoderm differentiation. Conversely, over-expression of EGF reverts the inhibition of somitic myogenesis and axis truncation in Xenopus and mouse embryos caused by sFRP-3. In vitro experiments demonstrated a direct binding of EGF to sFRP-3 both on heparin and on the surface of CHO cells where the molecule had been membrane anchored. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: sFRP-3 and EGF reciprocally inhibit their effects on cell proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis and indeed are expressed in contiguous domains of the embryo, suggesting that in

A Technical History of the SEI

Science.gov (United States)

2017-01-01

more effec- tively use scarce assurance resources. The theory is borrowing and extending concepts from law, philosophy, artificial intelligence , and...Consequence: Enterprise Risk Management and Security Improvement 189 The SEI Contribution 190 References 190 Cybersecurity Engineering 192 The...Provides Benefits 267 The SEI Contribution 267 References 267 8 Forensics 269 Introduction to Computer Forensics: Digital Intelligence and

Fibrina rica en plaquetas (FRP): Una alternativa terapéutica en odontología

OpenAIRE

Escalante Otárola, Wilfredo; Castro Núñez, Gabriela; Geraldo Vaz, Luis; Kuga, Milton Carlos

2016-01-01

El objetivo de esta revisión, fue describir de una manera sencilla las principales características de la Fibrina Rica en Plaquetas (FRP), su composición, propiedades y aplicación clínica. La FRP, biomaterial autógeno y concen- trado plaquetario de segunda generación, es una matriz de fibrina que contiene leucocitos, plaquetas y factores de crecimiento, que son necesarios para los procesos de cicatrización, lo que brinda a este biomaterial, una gran utilidad en diversas áreas de la salud, incl...

Flexural reinforced concrete member with FRP reinforcement

OpenAIRE

Putzolu, Mariana

2017-01-01

One of the most problematic point in construction is the durability of the concrete especially related to corrosion of the steel reinforcement. Due to this problem the construction sector, introduced the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer, the main fibers used in construction are Glass, Carbon and Aramid. In this study, the author aim to analyse the flexural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with FRP. This aim is achieved by the analysis of specimens reinforced with GFRP bars, with theoreti...

Estimating Landscape Fire Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions over Southern Africa using MSG-SEVIRI Fire Radiative Power (FRP) and MODIS Aerosol Optical Thickness Observations

Science.gov (United States)

Mota, Bernardo; Wooster, Martin J.

2016-04-01

The approach to estimating landscape fire fuel consumption based on the remotely sensed fire radiative power (FRP) thermal energy release rate, as opposed to burned area, is now relatively widely used in studies of fire emissions, including operationally within the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). Nevertheless, there are still limitations to the approach, including uncertainties associated with using only the few daily overpasses typically provided by polar orbiting satellite systems, the conversion between FRP and smoke emissions, and the increased likelihood that the more frequent data from geostationary systems fails to detect the (probably highly numerous) smaller (i.e. low FRP) component of a regions fire regime. In this study, we address these limitations to directly estimate fire emissions of Particular Matter (PM; or smoke aerosols) by presenting an approach combining the "bottom-up" FRP observations available every 15 minutes across Africa from the Meteosat Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) Fire Radiative Product (FRP) processed at the EUMETSAT LSA SAF, and the "top-down" aerosol optical thickness (AOT) measures of the fire plumes themselves as measured by the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) sensors aboard the Terra (MOD04_L2) and Aqua (MYD04_L2) satellites. We determine PM emission coefficients that relate directly to FRP measures by combining these two datasets, and the use of the almost continuous geostationary FRP observations allows us to do this without recourse to (uncertain) data on wind speed at the (unknown) height of the matching plume. We also develop compensation factors to address the detection limitations of small/low intensity (low FRP) fires, and remove the need to estimate fuel consumption by going directly from FRP to PM emissions. We derive the smoke PM emissions coefficients per land cover class by comparing the total fire radiative energy (FRE) released from individual fires

FRCM and FRP composites for the repair of damaged PC girders.

Science.gov (United States)

2015-01-01

Fabric-reinforced-cementitious-matrix (FRCM) and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have : emerged as novel strengthening technologies. FRCM is a composite material consisting of a sequence of : one or more layers of cement-based matrix reinfo...

Development of a self-stressing NiTiNb shape memory alloy (SMA)/fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) patch

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Tahan, M; Dawood, M; Song, G

2015-01-01

The objective of this research is to develop a self-stressing patch using a combination of shape memory alloys (SMAs) and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Prestressed carbon FRP patches are emerging as a promising alternative to traditional methods to repair cracked steel structures and civil infrastructure. However, prestressing these patches typically requires heavy and complex fixtures, which is impractical in many applications. This paper presents a new approach in which the prestressing force is applied by restraining the shape memory effect of NiTiNb SMA wires. The wires are subsequently embedded in an FRP overlay patch. This method overcomes the practical challenges associated with conventional prestressing. This paper presents the conceptual development of the self-stressing patch with the support of experimental observations. The bond between the SMA wires and the FRP is evaluated using pull-out tests. The paper concludes with an experimental study that evaluates the patch response during activation subsequent monotonic tensile loading. The results demonstrate that the self-stressing patch with NiTiNb SMA is capable of generating a significant prestressing force with minimal tool and labor requirements. (paper)

Damping mathematical modelling and dynamic responses for FRP laminated composite plates with polymer matrix

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Qimao

2018-02-01

This paper proposes an assumption that the fibre is elastic material and polymer matrix is viscoelastic material so that the energy dissipation depends only on the polymer matrix in dynamic response process. The damping force vectors in frequency and time domains, of FRP (Fibre-Reinforced Polymer matrix) laminated composite plates, are derived based on this assumption. The governing equations of FRP laminated composite plates are formulated in both frequency and time domains. The direct inversion method and direct time integration method for nonviscously damped systems are employed to solve the governing equations and achieve the dynamic responses in frequency and time domains, respectively. The computational procedure is given in detail. Finally, dynamic responses (frequency responses with nonzero and zero initial conditions, free vibration, forced vibrations with nonzero and zero initial conditions) of a FRP laminated composite plate are computed using the proposed methodology. The proposed methodology in this paper is easy to be inserted into the commercial finite element analysis software. The proposed assumption, based on the theory of material mechanics, needs to be further proved by experiment technique in the future.

Fire performance of basalt FRP mesh reinforced HPC thin plates

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hulin, Thomas; Hodicky, Kamil; Schmidt, Jacob Wittrup

2013-01-01

An experimental program was carried out to investigate the influence of basalt FRP (BFRP) reinforcing mesh on the fire behaviour of thin high performance concrete (HPC) plates applied to sandwich elements. Samples with BFRP mesh were compared to samples with no mesh, samples with steel mesh...

Mineral-Based Bonding of Carbon FRP to Strengthen Concrete Structures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Täljsten, Björn; Blanksvärd, T.

2007-01-01

The advantages of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) -strengthening have been shown time and again during the last decade. Several thousand structures retrofitted with FRPs exist worldwide. There are various reasons why the retrofit is needed, but it is not uncommon for the demands on the structure...

SeisComP 3 - Where are we now?

OpenAIRE

Joachim Saul; Jan Becker; Winfried Hanka; Andres Heinloo; Bernd Weber

2010-01-01

The seismological software SeisComP has evolved within the last approximately 10 years from a pure acquisition modules to a fully featured real-time earthquake monitoring software. The now very popular SeedLink protocol for seismic data transmission has been the core of SeisComP from the very beginning. Later additions included simple, purely automatic event detection, location and magnitude determination capabilities. Especially within the development of the 3rd-generation SeisComP, also kno...

Microwave detection of delaminations between fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite and hardened cement paste

Science.gov (United States)

Hughes, D.; Kazemi, M.; Marler, K.; Zoughi, R.; Myers, J.; Nanni, A.

2002-05-01

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are increasingly being used for the rehabilitation of concrete structures. Detection and characterization of delaminations between an FRP composite and a concrete surface are of paramount importance. Consequently, the development of a one sided, non-contact, real time and rapid nondestructive testing (NDT) technique for this purpose is of great interest. Near-field microwave NDT techniques, using open-ended rectangular waveguide probes, have shown great potential for detecting delaminations in layered composite structures such as these. The results of some theoretical and experimental investigations on a specially prepared cement paste specimen are presented here.

Ultraviolet rays hardening type material which can do the repair of FRP it is easy; Kantan ni FRP no hoshu ga dekiru shigaisen kokagata zairyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1999-09-15

The seat-shaped ultraviolet rays (UV) hardening type material which the reinforcement of the fiber strengthening plastic (FRP) and the repair and the corrosion partial repair of the steel rice are made easily in is developed, is sold in late April. The same product is the seat, which made soak an UV hardening type plastic in the fiberglass. Though a un-saturation polyester plastic was adopted, as for many FRP repair materials, a tolerance to the medicine, shock, heat rose by adopting plastic, and the adhesion power became strong, too. And, because it is a seat-shaped, a hand lei rise which takes a plastic and hardening medicine in its hand and to mix is compared with the way of repairing it, and the strength of the repair point becomes uniform with constructing it easily in a short time, too. The car and the port business world are wide except for the construction, and the same company plans sales promotion. (translated by NEDO)

Comparison between TRM and FRP strengthening systems at preventing buckling failure of brick masonry walls

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernat-Maso, E.

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP and Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM have been studied, compared and applied to strengthen brick masonry walls. The comparison of their performance against second order bending effects is addressed in this paper for the first time. Experimental and analytical data from previous researches and new analytical data for TRM cases are summarised, ordered and systematically compared to analyse the structural response of strengthened brick masonry walls. The results show a similar performance for both systems in terms of load bearing capacity and in-plane response. However, TRM strengthened cases showed greater lateral deformation than FRP ones.Materiales tipo Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP y Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM han sido estudiados, comparados y aplicados para reforzar muros de fábrica de ladrillo. La comparación de su comportamiento frente a efectos de flexión de segundo orden se abordada en este artículo por primera vez. Datos experimentales y analíticos de investigaciones previas y nuevos datos analíticos para los casos de TRM son resumidos, ordenados y sistemáticamente comparados para analizar la respuesta estructural de los muros de fábrica de ladrillo reforzados. Los resultados muestran un comportamiento similar de los dos sistemas respecto su capacidad de carga y su respuesta en el plano. Los casos reforzados con TRM mostraron desplazamientos laterales superiores a los reforzados con FRP.

In-situ monitoring of curing and ageing effects in FRP plates using embedded FBG sensors

Science.gov (United States)

Xian, Guijun; Wang, Chuan; Li, Hui

2010-04-01

In recent years, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been widely applied in civil engineering for retrofitting or renewal of existing structures. Since FRP composite may degrade when exposed to severe outdoor environments, a serious concern has been raised on its long term durability. In the present study, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors were embedded in glass-, carbon- and basalt-fiber reinforced epoxy based FRP plates with wet lay-up technology, to in-situ monitor the stain changes in FRPs during the curing, and water immersion and freeze-thaw ageing processes. The study demonstrates that the curing of epoxy resin brings in a slight tension strain (e.g., 10 ~ 30 μɛ) along the fiber direction and a high contraction (e.g., ~ 1100μɛ) in the direction perpendicular to the fibers, mainly due to the resin shrinkage. The cured FRP strips were then subjected to distilled water immersion at 80oC and freeze-thaw cycles from -30°C to 30°C. Remarkable strain changes of FRPs due to the variation of the temperatures during freeze-thaw cycles indicate the potential property degradation from fatigue. The maximum strain change is dependent on the fiber types and directions to the fiber. Based on the monitored strain values with temperature change and water uptake content, CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) and CME (coefficient of moisture expansion) are exactly determined for the FRPs.

Experimental Study on Bond Behavior of FRP-Concrete Interface in Hygrothermal Environment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

X. H. Zheng

2016-01-01

Full Text Available As the technique of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP composite material strengthened reinforced concrete structures is widely used in the field of civil engineering, durability of the strengthened structures has attracted more attention in recent years. Hygrothermal environment has an adverse effect on the bond behavior of the interface between FRP and concrete. This paper focuses on the bond durability of carbon fiber laminate- (CFL- concrete interface in hygrothermal condition which simulates the climate characteristic in South China. Twenty 100 mm × 100 mm × 720 mm specimens were divided into 6 groups based on different temperature and humidity. After pretreatment in hygrothermal environment, the specimens were tested using double shear method. Strain gauges bonded along the CFL surface and linear variation displacement transducers (LVDTs were used to measure longitudinal strains and slip of the interface. Failure mode, ultimate capacity, load-deflection relationship, and relative slip were analyzed. The bond behavior of FRP-concrete interface under hygrothermal environment was studied. Results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of the interface reduced after exposure to hygrothermal environments. The decreasing ranges were up to 27.9% after exposure at high temperature and humidity (60°C, 95% RH. The maximum strains (εmax of the specimens pretreated decreased obviously which indicated decay of the bond behavior after exposure to the hygrothermal environment.

Hand in Hand - SEI Programmes for School Staff

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Birgitte Lund; Réol, Lise Andersen; Laursen, Hilmar Dyrborg

2017-01-01

This catalogue of research in the field of SEI programmes for the school staff’s and teachers’ SEI competencies is based on a review performed by the main researchers Birgitte Lund Nielsen, Lise Andersen Réol and Hilmar Dyrborg Laursen, VIA University College, Denmark, but discussed by the entire...... team of Hand in Hand partner countries and researchers. The aim was to identify the central aspects and elements concerning successful implementation, and school staff’s development of professional competencies in the specific field of supporting students’ social, emotional and intercultural (SEI......) competencies. Abstract: Framed by the EU-project Hand in Hand focusing on Social, Emotional and Intercultural (SEI) competencies among students and school staff, the paper discusses implementation and professional competencies based on a research review. The following five topics were identified: 1...

Facility Response Plan (FRP) Points, Region 9, 2014, US EPA Region 9

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — A Facility Response Plan (FRP) demonstrates a facility's preparedness to respond to a worst case oil discharge. Under the Clean Water Act, as amended by the Oil...

Facility Response Plan (FRP) Points, Region 9, 2013, US EPA Region 9

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — A Facility Response Plan (FRP) demonstrates a facility's preparedness to respond to a worst case oil discharge. Under the Clean Water Act, as amended by the Oil...

Facility Response Plan (FRP) Points, Region 9, 2012, US EPA Region 9

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — A Facility Response Plan (FRP) demonstrates a facility's preparedness to respond to a worst case oil discharge. Under the Clean Water Act, as amended by the Oil...

A coupled interface-body nonlocal damage model for the analysis of FRP strengthening detachment from cohesive material

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Toti

2011-10-01

Full Text Available In the present work, a new model of the FRP-concrete or masonry interface, which accounts for the coupling occurring between the degradation of the cohesive material and the FRP detachment, is presented; in particular, a coupled interface-body nonlocal damage model is proposed. A nonlocal damage and plasticity model is developed for the quasi-brittle material. For the interface, a model which accounts for the mode I, mode II and mixed mode of damage and for the unilateral contact and friction effects is developed. Two different ways of performing the coupling between the body damage and the interface damage are proposed and compared. Some numerical applications are carried out in order to assess the performances of the proposed model in reproducing the mechanical behavior of the masonry elements strengthened with external FRP reinforcements.

Mechanical Behaviour and Durability of FRP-to-steel Adhesively-bonded Joints

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jiang, X.

2013-01-01

During the last two decades, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bridge decks have been increasingly used as a competitive alternative for wood, concrete and orthotropic steel decks, due to their various advantages: light-weight, good corrosion resistance, low maintenance cost and rapid installation for

Damping mathematical modelling and dynamic responses for FRP laminated composite plates with polymer matrix

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liu Qimao

2018-02-01

Full Text Available This paper proposes an assumption that the fibre is elastic material and polymer matrix is viscoelastic material so that the energy dissipation depends only on the polymer matrix in dynamic response process. The damping force vectors in frequency and time domains, of FRP (Fibre-Reinforced Polymer matrix laminated composite plates, are derived based on this assumption. The governing equations of FRP laminated composite plates are formulated in both frequency and time domains. The direct inversion method and direct time integration method for nonviscously damped systems are employed to solve the governing equations and achieve the dynamic responses in frequency and time domains, respectively. The computational procedure is given in detail. Finally, dynamic responses (frequency responses with nonzero and zero initial conditions, free vibration, forced vibrations with nonzero and zero initial conditions of a FRP laminated composite plate are computed using the proposed methodology. The proposed methodology in this paper is easy to be inserted into the commercial finite element analysis software. The proposed assumption, based on the theory of material mechanics, needs to be further proved by experiment technique in the future.

Creep behavior of an epoxy resin and an epoxy-based FRP in condition of simultaneous supply of radiation and stress at cryogenic temperatures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishiura, Tetsuya; Nishijima, Shigehiro; Okada, Toichi

1995-01-01

Creep tests of an epoxy resin and an epoxy-based FRP in bending under irradiation condition have been carried out, to investigate the synergistic effects of radiation and stress on mechanical properties of FRP. Simultaneous supply of stress and irradiation on the epoxy resin and the FRP enhanced creep rates in comparison with that supply of the stress on a post-irradiated one did. ESR spectra measurement was also carried out to study the change of molecule of the resin irradiated. Increase of molecular weight between crosslinks was found out to be enhanced by the synergistic effect of radiation and stress. The mechanism of increased damage of FRP induced by the effects of simultaneous stress and irradiation is discussed. (author)

FRP strengthening of RC walls with openings

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Christian Skodborg; Sas, Gabriel; Täljsten, Björn

2009-01-01

Strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) walls with openings using fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) has been experimentally proven to be a viable rehabilitation method. However, very few theoretical investigations are reported. In this paper two methods of analysis are presented. Since openings vary...... in size, the analysis of a strengthened wall can be divided into frame idealization method for large openings, and combined disk and frame analysis for smaller openings. The first method provides an easy to use tool in practical engineering, where the latter describes the principles of a ductile...

SeisFlows-Flexible waveform inversion software

Science.gov (United States)

Modrak, Ryan T.; Borisov, Dmitry; Lefebvre, Matthieu; Tromp, Jeroen

2018-06-01

SeisFlows is an open source Python package that provides a customizable waveform inversion workflow and framework for research in oil and gas exploration, earthquake tomography, medical imaging, and other areas. New methods can be rapidly prototyped in SeisFlows by inheriting from default inversion or migration classes, and code can be tested on 2D examples before application to more expensive 3D problems. Wave simulations must be performed using an external software package such as SPECFEM3D. The ability to interface with external solvers lends flexibility, and the choice of SPECFEM3D as a default option provides optional GPU acceleration and other useful capabilities. Through support for massively parallel solvers and interfaces for high-performance computing (HPC) systems, inversions with thousands of seismic traces and billions of model parameters can be performed. So far, SeisFlows has run on clusters managed by the Department of Defense, Chevron Corp., Total S.A., Princeton University, and the University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

Meteosat SEVIRI Fire Radiative Power (FRP) products from the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF) - Part 1: Algorithms, product contents and analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Wooster, M. J.; Roberts, G.; Freeborn, P. H.; Xu, W.; Govaerts, Y.; Beeby, R.; He, J.; Lattanzio, A.; Mullen, R.

2015-06-01

Characterising changes in landscape scale fire activity at very high temporal resolution is best achieved using thermal observations of actively burning fires made from geostationary Earth observation (EO) satellites. Over the last decade or more, a series of research and/or operational "active fire" products have been developed from these types of geostationary observations, often with the aim of supporting the generation of data related to biomass burning fuel consumption and trace gas and aerosol emission fields. The Fire Radiative Power (FRP) products generated by the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF) from data collected by the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) are one such set of products, and are freely available in both near real-time and archived form. Every 15 min, the algorithms used to generate these products identify and map the location of new SEVIRI observations containing actively burning fires, and characterise their individual rates of radiative energy release (fire radiative power; FRP) that is believed proportional to rates of biomass consumption and smoke emission. The FRP-PIXEL product contains the highest spatial resolution FRP dataset, delivered for all of Europe, northern and southern Africa, and part of South America at a spatial resolution of 3 km (decreasing away from the west African sub-satellite point) at the full 15 min temporal resolution. The FRP-GRID product is an hourly summary of the FRP-PIXEL data, produced at a 5° grid cell size and including simple bias adjustments for meteorological cloud cover and for the regional underestimation of FRP caused, primarily, by the non-detection of low FRP fire pixels at SEVIRI's relatively coarse pixel size. Here we describe the enhanced geostationary Fire Thermal Anomaly (FTA) algorithm used to detect the SEVIRI active fire pixels, and detail methods used to deliver atmospherically corrected FRP information

Experimental Study of a Thermosyphon Solar Water Heater Coupled to a Fibre-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Storage Tank

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nwosu, P. N.; Oparaku, O. U.; Okonkwo, W. I.; Unachukwu, G. O.; Agbiogwu, D.

2011-01-01

The thermal performance of the thermosyphon solar water heater was analyzed to show its applicability in a tropical climate using data of cloudy, sunny and hazy days. The average daily efficiency of the parallel-connected module, ranged between 35 and 40%. Also, an analysis of the temperature storage characteristics of a novel fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) storage tank was undertaken. The inlet andoutlet positions were determined using the recommendation of Simon and Wenxian [1]: the optional position for the inlet/outlet was around the very top/bottom of the tank. The obtained results showed that the coupled FRP tank substantially retained and delivered the stored hot water during off-sunshine hours with minimal losses, and stratification occurred in the tank as a result. In view of the thermal performance, FRP materials can be efficiently employed in the design of solar hot water storage tanks. (authors)

Combined Transverse Steel-External FRP Confinement Model for Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Columns

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ahmed Al-Rahmani

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Recently, the need to increase the strength of reinforced concrete members has become a subject that civil engineers are interested in tackling. Of the many proposed solutions, fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP materials have attracted attention due to their superior properties, such as high strength-to-weight ratio, high energy absorption and excellent corrosion resistance. FRP wrapping of concrete columns is done to enhance the ultimate strength due to the confinement effect, which is normally induced by steel ties. The existence of the two confinement systems changes the nature of the problem, thus necessitating specialized nonlinear analysis to obtain the column’s ultimate capacity. Existing research focused on a single confinement system. Furthermore, very limited research on rectangular sections was found in the literature. In this work, a model to estimate the combined behavior of the two systems in rectangular columns is proposed. The calculation of the effective lateral pressure is based on the Lam and Teng model and the Mander model for FRP wraps and steel ties, respectively. The model then generates stress-strain diagrams for both the concrete core and the cover. The model was developed for the analysis in extreme load events, where all possible contributions to the column’s ultimate capacity should be accounted for without any margin of safety. The model was validated against experiments, and the results obtained showed good agreement with almost all of the available experimental data.

Role of DDC-4/sFRP-4, a secreted frizzled-related protein, at the onset of apoptosis in mammary involution.

Science.gov (United States)

Lacher, M D; Siegenthaler, A; Jäger, R; Yan, Xi; Hett, S; Xuan, L; Saurer, S; Lareu, R R; Dharmarajan, A M; Friis, R

2003-05-01

Using differential display, we isolated DDC-4, a secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP), which is induced in the physiological apoptosis of hormonally regulated, reproductive tissues such as mammary gland, prostate, corpus luteum and uterus. The role of this gene in apoptosis was studied in animals overexpressing ectopic DDC-4/sFRP-4. Transgenic mice bearing the DDC-4/sFRP-4 cDNA under the control of the MMTV-LTR promoter showed lactational insufficiency and many apoptotic cells in the alveoli between day 19 of pregnancy and day 4 of lactation as demonstrated by TUNEL reaction and the presence of activated caspase-3. We performed a PKB/Akt kinase assay and studied several of its substrates using phosphorylation-specific antibodies to show reduced phosphorylation in PKB/Akt itself, as well as in glycogen synthetase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), BAD, and Forkhead. Taken together, our results show a role for DDC-4/sFRP-4 in abrogating an epithelial cell survival pathway at the onset of mammary gland involution.

Expression Levels and Localizations of DVL3 and sFRP3 in Glioblastoma

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anja Kafka

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The expression patterns of critical molecular components of Wnt signaling, sFRP3 and DVL3, were investigated in glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of primary brain tumors, with the aim to offer potential biomarkers. The protein expression levels and localizations in tumor tissue were revealed by immunohistochemistry and evaluated by the semiquantitative method and immunoreactivity score. Majority of glioblastomas had moderate expression levels for both DVL3 (52.4% and sFRP3 (52.3%. Strong expression levels were observed in 23.1% and 36.0% of samples, respectively. DVL3 was localized in cytoplasm in 97% of glioblastomas, of which 44% coexpressed the protein in the nucleus. sFRP3 subcellular distribution showed that it was localized in the cytoplasm in 94% of cases. Colocalization in the cytoplasm and nucleus was observed in 50% of samples. Wilcox test indicated that the domination of the strong signal is in connection with simultaneous localization of DVL3 protein in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Patients with strong expression of DVL3 will significantly more often have the protein in the nucleus (P=6.33×10−5. No significant correlation between the two proteins was established, nor were their signal strengths correlated with epidemiological parameters. Our study contributes to better understanding of glioblastoma molecular profile.

Facility Response Plan (FRP) Inspected Points, Region 9, 2014, US EPA Region 9

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency — A Facility Response Plan (FRP) demonstrates a facility's preparedness to respond to a worst case oil discharge. Under the Clean Water Act, as amended by the Oil...

Structural basis of the interaction between the putative adhesion-involved and iron-regulated FrpD and FrpC proteins of Neisseria meningitidis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sviridova, E.; Řezáčová, Pavlína; Bondar, Alexey; Veverka, Václav; Novák, P.; Schenk, G.; Svergun, D. I.; Kutá Smatanová, I.; Bumba, L.

2017-01-01

Roč. 7, Jan 13 (2017), č. článku 40408. ISSN 2045-2322 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LK11205; GA MŠk(CZ) LO1304; GA MŠk(CZ) LM2015064 Institutional support: RVO:61388963 Keywords : membrane lipoprotein FrpD * RTX proteins * cross-linking Subject RIV: CE - Biochemistry OBOR OECD: Biochemistry and molecular biology Impact factor: 4.259, year: 2016 https://www.nature.com/ articles /srep40408

Bridge-in-a-backpack(TM) task 3.3 : investigate soil-structure interaction-modeling and experimental results of concrete filled FRP tube arches.

Science.gov (United States)

2015-12-01

This report includes fulfillment of Task 3.3 of a multi-task contract to further enhance concrete filled FRP tubes, or : the Bridge in a Backpack. Task 3 is an investigation of soil-structure interaction for the FRP tubes. Task 3.3 is the : modeling ...

SeisComP 3 - Where are we now?

Science.gov (United States)

Saul, Joachim; Becker, Jan; Hanka, Winfried; Heinloo, Andres; Weber, Bernd

2010-05-01

The seismological software SeisComP has evolved within the last approximately 10 years from a pure acquisition modules to a fully featured real-time earthquake monitoring software. The now very popular SeedLink protocol for seismic data transmission has been the core of SeisComP from the very beginning. Later additions included simple, purely automatic event detection, location and magnitude determination capabilities. Especially within the development of the 3rd-generation SeisComP, also known as "SeisComP 3", automatic processing capabilities have been augmented by graphical user interfaces for vizualization, rapid event review and quality control. Communication between the modules is achieved using a a TCP/IP infrastructure that allows distributed computing and remote review. For seismological metadata exchange export/import to/from QuakeML is avalable, which also provides a convenient interface with 3rd-party software. SeisComP is the primary seismological processing software at the GFZ Potsdam. It has also been in use for years in numerous seismic networks in Europe and, more recently, has been adopted as primary monitoring software by several tsunami warning centers around the Indian Ocean. In our presentation we describe the current status of development as well as future plans. We illustrate its possibilities by discussing different use cases for global and regional real-time earthquake monitoring and tsunami warning.

High-temperature solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) in graphite electrodes

Science.gov (United States)

Rodrigues, Marco-Tulio F.; Sayed, Farheen N.; Gullapalli, Hemtej; Ajayan, Pulickel M.

2018-03-01

Thermal fragility of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a major source of performance decay in graphite anodes, and efforts to overcome the issues offered by extreme environments to Li-ion batteries have had limited success. Here, we demonstrate that the SEI can be extensively reinforced by carrying the formation cycles at elevated temperatures. Under these conditions, decomposition of the ionic liquid present in the electrolyte favored the formation of a thicker and more protective layer. Cells in which the solid electrolyte interphase was cast at 90 °C were significantly less prone to self-discharge when exposed to high temperature, with no obvious damages to the formed SEI. This additional resilience was accomplished at the expense of rate capability, as charge transfer became growingly inefficient in these systems. At slower rates, however, cells that underwent SEI formation at 90 °C presented superior performances, as a result of improved Li+ transport through the SEI, and optimal wetting of graphite by the electrolyte. This work analyzes different graphite hosts and ionic liquids, showing that this effect is more pervasive than anticipated, and offering the unique perspective that, for certain systems, temperature can actually be an asset for passivation.

A review of the application Acoustic Emission (AE) incorporating mechanical approach to monitor Reinforced concrete (RC) strengthened with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) properties under fracture

Science.gov (United States)

Syed Mazlan, S. M. S.; Abdullah, S. R.; Shahidan, S.; Noor, S. R. Mohd

2017-11-01

Concrete durability may be affected by so many factors such as chemical attack and weathering action that reduce the performance and the service life of concrete structures. Low durability Reinforced concrete (RC) can be greatly improved by using Fiber Reinforce Polymer (FRP). FRP is a commonly used composite material for repairing and strengthening RC structures. A review on application of Acoustic Emission (AE) techniques of real time monitoring for various mechanical tests for RC strengthened with FRP involving four-point bending, three-point bending and cyclic loading was carried out and discussed in this paper. Correlations between each AE analyses namely b-value, sentry and intensity analysis on damage characterization also been critically reviewed. From the review, AE monitoring involving RC strengthened with FRP using b-value, sentry and intensity analysis are proven to be successful and efficient method in determining damage characterization. However, application of AE analysis using sentry analysis is still limited compared to b-value and intensity analysis in characterizing damages especially for RC strengthened with FRP specimen.

Study on Axial Compressive Capacity of FRP-Confined Concrete-Filled Steel Tubes and Its Comparisons with Other Composite Structural Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jun Deng

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST columns have been widely used for constructions in recent decades because of their high axial strength. In CFSTs, however, steel tubes are susceptible to degradation due to corrosion, which results in the decrease of axial strength of CFSTs. To further improve the axial strength of CFST columns, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP sheets and basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP sheets are applied to warp the CFSTs. This paper presents an experimental study on the axial compressive capacity of CFRP-confined CFSTs and BFRP-confined CFSTs, which verified the analytical model with considering the effect of concrete self-stressing. CFSTs wrapped with FRP exhibited a higher ductile behavior. Wrapping with CFRP and BFRP improves the axial compressive capacity of CFSTs by 61.4% and 17.7%, respectively. Compared with the previous composite structural systems of concrete-filled FRP tubes (CFFTs and double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs, FRP-confined CFSTs were convenient in reinforcing existing structures because of softness of the FRP sheets. Moreover, axial compressive capacity of CFSTs wrapped with CFRP sheets was higher than CFFTs and DSTCs, while the compressive strength of DSTCs was higher than the retrofitted CFSTs.

Durability Issues and Challenges for Material Advancements in FRP Employed in the Construction Industry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariaenrica Frigione

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP composites for the rehabilitation of buildings or other infrastructure is increasingly becoming an effective and popular solution, being able to overcome some of the drawbacks experienced with traditional interventions and/or traditional materials. The knowledge of long-term performance and of durability behavior of FRP, in terms of their degradation/aging causes and mechanisms taking place in common as well as in harsh environmental conditions, still represents a critical issue for a safe and advantageous implementation of such advanced materials. The research of new and better performing materials in such fields is somewhat limited by practical and economical constrains and, as a matter of fact, is confined to an academic argument.

Repair of impact damaged utility poles with fiber reinforced polymers (FRP), phase II.

Science.gov (United States)

2015-06-01

Vehicle collisions with steel or aluminum utility poles are common occurrences that yield substantial but often repairable : damage. This project investigates the use of a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite system for in situ repair that : mini...

Behavior of Concrete Cylinders Strengthened with a Basalt-FRP and Subjected to Mechanical Loads and Elevated Temperatures

Science.gov (United States)

Tulendinov, T.; Zesers, A.; Tamužs, V.

2017-09-01

Concrete samples were manufactured and strengthened with a basalt FRP (BFRP) using two kinds of winding patterns (spiral and tight). The efficiency of common and temperature-resistant epoxy binders were studied. Some of the samples were encased in an external concrete shell for an additional protection of the FRP reinforcement during heating. Both plain and polypropylene-microfiber-reinforced concretes were used for the external casing. Stress-strain relations of the samples before and after heating were obtained. The effects of high temperatures on the integrity of concrete samples with a BFRP reinforcement was investigated.

Compressed natural gas transportation by utilizing FRP composite pressure vessels

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Campbell, S.C. [Trans Ocean Gas Inc., St. John' s, NF (Canada)

2004-07-01

This paper discussed the Trans Ocean Gas (TOG) method for transporting compressed natural gas (CNG). As demand for natural gas increases and with half of the world's reserves considered stranded, a method to transport natural gas by ship is needed. CNG transportation is widely viewed as a viable method. Transported as CNG, stranded gas reserves can be delivered to existing markets or can create new natural gas markets not applicable to liquefied natural gas (LNG). In contrast to LNG, compressed gas requires no processing to offload. TOG proposes that CNG be transported using fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) pressure vessels which overcome all the deficiencies of proposed steel-based systems. FRP pressure vessels have been proven safe and reliable through critical applications in the national defense, aerospace, and natural gas vehicle industries. They are light-weight, highly reliable, have very safe failure modes, are corrosion resistant, and have excellent low temperature characteristics. Under TOG's scheme, natural gas can be stored at two thirds the density of LNG without costly processing. TOG's proposed design and testing of a CNG system was reviewed in detail. 1 fig.

Review on modeling of the anode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for lithium-ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Aiping; Kadam, Sanket; Li, Hong; Shi, Siqi; Qi, Yue

2018-03-01

A passivation layer called the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is formed on electrode surfaces from decomposition products of electrolytes. The SEI allows Li+ transport and blocks electrons in order to prevent further electrolyte decomposition and ensure continued electrochemical reactions. The formation and growth mechanism of the nanometer thick SEI films are yet to be completely understood owing to their complex structure and lack of reliable in situ experimental techniques. Significant advances in computational methods have made it possible to predictively model the fundamentals of SEI. This review aims to give an overview of state-of-the-art modeling progress in the investigation of SEI films on the anodes, ranging from electronic structure calculations to mesoscale modeling, covering the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrolyte reduction reactions, SEI formation, modification through electrolyte design, correlation of SEI properties with battery performance, and the artificial SEI design. Multi-scale simulations have been summarized and compared with each other as well as with experiments. Computational details of the fundamental properties of SEI, such as electron tunneling, Li-ion transport, chemical/mechanical stability of the bulk SEI and electrode/(SEI/) electrolyte interfaces have been discussed. This review shows the potential of computational approaches in the deconvolution of SEI properties and design of artificial SEI. We believe that computational modeling can be integrated with experiments to complement each other and lead to a better understanding of the complex SEI for the development of a highly efficient battery in the future.

76 FR 72729 - SEI Investments Management Corporation, et al.

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-25

...] SEI Investments Management Corporation, et al. November 18, 2011. AGENCY: Securities and Exchange... Application: Applicants request an order to permit open-end management investment companies relying on rule 12d1-2 under the Act to invest in certain financial instruments. Applicants: SEI Investments Management...

Development of Shear Capacity Prediction Model for FRP-RC Beam without Web Reinforcement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Md. Arman Chowdhury

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Available codes and models generally use partially modified shear design equation, developed earlier for steel reinforced concrete, for predicting the shear capacity of FRP-RC members. Consequently, calculated shear capacity shows under- or overestimation. Furthermore, in most models some affecting parameters of shear strength are overlooked. In this study, a new and simplified shear capacity prediction model is proposed considering all the parameters. A large database containing 157 experimental results of FRP-RC beams without shear reinforcement is assembled from the published literature. A parametric study is then performed to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. Again, a comprehensive review of 9 codes and 12 available models is done, published back from 1997 to date for comparison with the proposed model. Hence, it is observed that the proposed equation shows overall optimized performance compared to all the codes and models within the range of used experimental dataset.

Hybrid FRP-concrete bridge deck system final report I : development and system performance validation.

Science.gov (United States)

2009-10-01

In this study, the concept of the hybrid FRP-concrete structural systems was applied to both bridge : superstructure and deck systems. Results from the both experimental and computational analysis for : both the hybrid bridge superstructure and deck ...

Development of load and resistance factor design for FRP strengthening of reinforced concrete bridges.

Science.gov (United States)

2006-05-01

Externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are an increasingly adopted technology for the renewal of existing concrete structures. In order to encourage the further use of these materials, a design code is needed that considers the i...

An Experimental Study on Shrinkage Strains of Normal-and High-Strength Concrete-Filled Frp Tubes

Science.gov (United States)

Vincent, Thomas; Ozbakkaloglu, Togay

2017-09-01

It is now well established that concrete-filled fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes (CFFTs) are an attractive construction technique for new columns, however studies examining concrete shrinkage in CFFTs remain limited. Concrete shrinkage may pose a concern for CFFTs, as in these members the curing of concrete takes place inside the FRP tube. This paper reports the findings from an experimental study on concrete shrinkage strain measurements for CFFTs manufactured with normal- and high-strength concrete (NSC and HSC). A total of 6 aramid FRP (AFRP)-confined concrete specimens with circular cross-sections were manufactured, with 3 specimens each manufactured using NSC and HSC. The specimens were instrumented with surface and embedded strain gauges to monitor shrinkage development of exposed concrete and concrete sealed inside the CFFTs, respectively. All specimens were cylinders with a 152 mm diameter and 305 mm height, and their unconfined concrete strengths were 44.8 or 83.2 MPa. Analysis of the shrinkage measurements from concrete sealed inside the CFFTs revealed that embedment depth and concrete compressive strength only had minor influences on recorded shrinkage strains. However, an analysis of shrinkage measurements from the exposed concrete surface revealed that higher amounts of shrinkage can occur in HSC. Finally, it was observed that shrinkage strains are significantly higher for concrete exposed at the surface compared to concrete sealed inside the CFFTs.

Novel Predictive Model of the Debonding Strength for Masonry Members Retrofitted with FRP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iman Mansouri

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Strengthening of masonry members using externally bonded (EB fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP composites has become a famous structural strengthening method over the past decade due to the popular advantages of FRP composites, including their high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. In this study, gene expression programming (GEP, as a novel tool, has been used to predict the debonding strength of retrofitted masonry members. The predictions of the new debonding resistance model, as well as several other models, are evaluated by comparing their estimates with experimental results of a large test database. The results indicate that the new model has the best efficiency among the models examined and represents an improvement to other models. The root mean square errors (RMSE of the best empirical Kashyap model in training and test data were, respectively, reduced by 51.7% and 41.3% using the GEP model in estimating debonding strength.

Space exploration initiative (SEI) logistics support lessons from the DoD

Science.gov (United States)

Cox, John R.; McCoy, Walbert G.; Jenkins, Terence

Proven and innovative logistics management approaches and techniques used for developing and supporting DoD and Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO) systems are described on the basis of input from DoD to the SEI Synthesis Group; SDIO-developed logistics initiatives, innovative tools, and methodologies; and logistics planning support provided to the NASA/Johnson Planet Surface System Office. The approach is tailored for lunar/Martian surface operations, and provides guidelines for the development and management of a crucial element of the SEI logistics support program. A case study is presented which shows how incorporation of DoD's proven and innovative logistics management approach, tools, and techniques can substantially benefit early logistics planning for SEI, while also implementing many of DoD's recommendations for SEI.

Pro-inflammatory wnt5a and anti-inflammatory sFRP5 are differentially regulated by nutritional factors in obese human subjects.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dominik M Schulte

Full Text Available Obesity is associated with macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue. These inflammatory cells affect adipocytes not only by classical cytokines but also by the secreted glycopeptide wnt5a. Healthy adipocytes are able to release the wnt5a inhibitor sFRP5. This protective effect, however, was found to be diminished in obesity. The aim of the present study was to examine (1 whether obese human subjects exhibit increased serum concentrations of wnt5a and (2 whether wnt5a and/or sFRP5 serum concentrations in obese subjects can be influenced by caloric restriction.23 obese human subjects (BMI 44.1 ± 1.1 kg/m(2 and 12 age- and sex-matched lean controls (BMI 22.3 ± 0.4 kg/m(2 were included in the study. Obese subjects were treated with a very low-calorie diet (approximately 800 kcal/d for 12 weeks. Body composition was assessed by impedance analysis, insulin sensitivity was estimated by HOMA-IR and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio and wnt5a and sFRP5 serum concentrations were measured by ELISA. sFRP5 expression in human adipose tissue biopsies was further determined on protein level by immunohistology.Pro-inflammatory wnt5a was not measurable in any serum sample of lean control subjects. In patients with obesity, however, wnt5a became significantly detectable consistent with low grade inflammation in such subjects. Caloric restriction resulted in a weight loss from 131.9 ± 4.0 to 112.3 ± 3.2 kg in the obese patients group. This was accompanied by a significant decrease of HOMA-IR and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio, indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, these metabolic improvements were associated with a significant increase in serum concentrations of the anti-inflammatory factor and wnt5a-inhibitor sFRP5.Obesity is associated with elevated serum levels of pro-inflammatory wnt5a in humans. Furthermore, caloric restriction beneficially affects serum concentrations of anti-inflammatory sFRP5 in such subjects. These findings suggest a

Crack monitoring method for an FRP-strengthened steel structure based on an antenna sensor

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Liu, Z.; Chen, Kai; Li, Z.; Jiang, X.

2017-01-01

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) has been increasingly applied to steel structures for structural strengthening or crack repair, given its high strength-to-weight ratio and high stiffness-to-weight ratio. Cracks in steel structures are the dominant hidden threats to structural safety. However, it

I sei numeri dell'universo le forze profonde che spiegano il cosmo

CERN Document Server

Rees, Martin

2002-01-01

È possibile che sei semplici numeri, sei costanti universali, diano conto dell'infinita varietà e della stupefacente complessità del cosmo? L'astrofisico Martin Rees ci mostra che non soltano ciò è possibile, ma in quei sei numeri sono scritti la storia, la struttura e il futuro dell'universo, e che perfino la comparsa della vita sulla terra, e dunque la nostra stessa esistenza, non sarebbe concepibile se uno solo di quei valori numerici, definiti nell'istante che segnò la nascita del mondo, fosse differente. I sei numeri dell'universo ci introducono così ad alcune delle questioni più profonde su cui si interroga oggi la scienza.

76 FR 43985 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Recovery Plan for the Sei Whale

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-22

... and Threatened Species; Recovery Plan for the Sei Whale AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service... review of the draft Recovery Plan (Plan) for the sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis). NMFS is soliciting... recovery plans for each listed species unless such a plan would not promote its recovery. The sei whale has...

The EPR (European Pressurized Water Reactor) containment - concept, testing of leakage behaviour, FRP liner

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Touret, J.P. [EDF SEPTEN, Villeurbanne (France); Liersch, G. [Bayernwerk Kerenergie GmbH, Muenchen (Germany); Danisch, R. [Siemens AG, KWU NAD, Erlangen (Germany)

2001-07-01

The Basic Design of the EPR has now been completed. The containment plays a major safety-related role with respect to protection of the environment against radioactive releases. The EPR features a double (steel-reinforced concrete/prestressed concrete) containment design, with the inner containment coated additionally with a fibreglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) liner in certain areas. This means that containment leaktightness is provided mainly by the prestressed concrete and the FRP liner in the event of a postulated accident. The numerous findings of the tests carried out so far in both France and Germany are summarized. (orig.) [German] Das Basic Design fuer den EPR ist fertiggestellt. Entscheidend fuer eine Realisierung wird neben der politischen Akzeptanz vor allem die Wettbewerbsfaehigkeit mit anderen Energietraegern sein. Im EPR-Projekt wird der hohe Sicherheitsstandard der heutigen Kernkraftwerke in Deutschland und Frankreich ergaenzt, indem zusaetzlich technische Massnahmen ergriffen werden, um die Konsequenzen beim unterstellten Versagen aller sicherheitstechnischen Einrichtungen mit der Folge eines postulierten Niederschmelzen des Kerns technisch zu beherrschen. (orig.)

SEIS-PROV: Practical Provenance for Seismological Data

Science.gov (United States)

Krischer, L.; Smith, J. A.; Tromp, J.

2015-12-01

It is widely recognized that reproducibility is crucial to advance science, but at the same time it is very hard to actually achieve. This results in it being recognized but also mostly ignored by a large fraction of the community. A key ingredient towards full reproducibility is to capture and describe the history of data, an issue known as provenance. We present SEIS-PROV, a practical format and data model to store provenance information for seismological data. In a seismological context, provenance can be seen as information about the processes that generated and modified a particular piece of data. For synthetic waveforms the provenance information describes which solver and settings therein were used to generate it. When looking at processed seismograms, the provenance conveys information about the different time series analysis steps that led to it. Additional uses include the description of derived data types, such as cross-correlations and adjoint sources, enabling their proper storage and exchange. SEIS-PROV is based on W3C PROV (http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-overview/), a standard for generic provenance information. It then applies an additional set of constraints to make it suitable for seismology. We present a definition of the SEIS-PROV format, a way to check if any given file is a valid SEIS-PROV document, and two sample implementations: One in SPECFEM3D GLOBE (https://geodynamics.org/cig/software/specfem3d_globe/) to store the provenance information of synthetic seismograms and another one as part of the ObsPy (http://obspy.org) framework enabling automatic tracking of provenance information during a series of analysis and transformation stages. This, along with tools to visualize and interpret provenance graphs, offers a description of data history that can be readily tracked, stored, and exchanged.

Flexural Behavior of High-Volume Steel Fiber Cementitious Composite Externally Reinforced with Basalt FRP Sheet

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Seungwon Kim

2016-01-01

Full Text Available High-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCCs are characterized by unique tensile strain hardening and multiple microcracking behaviors. The HPFRCC, which demonstrates remarkable properties such as strength, ductility, toughness, durability, stiffness, and thermal resistance, is a class of fiber cement composite with fine aggregates. It can withstand tensile stresses by forming distributed microcracks owing to the embedded fibers in the concrete, which improve the energy absorption capacity and apparent ductility. This high energy absorbing capacity can be enhanced further by an external stiff fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP. Basalt fabric is externally bonded as a sheet on concrete materials to enhance the durability and resistance to fire and other environmental attacks. This study investigates the flexural performance of an HPFRCC that is externally reinforced with multiple layers of basalt FRP. The HPFRCC considered in the study contains steel fibers at a volume fraction of 8%.

Mass optimization of a small pressure vessel using metal/FRP (fiber reinforced polymers) hybrid structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nisar, J.A.; Abdullah, A.N.; Iqbal, N.

2004-01-01

In hybrid pressure vessels, composite (Fiber) is wound over a metallic liner (Steel/Aluminum) in hoop direction. In this concept of hybrid pressure vessel structure, metallic liner takes all the axial loads and fiber reinforced polymers (FRP/sub s/) takes load in circumferential (Hoop) direction. Hybrid structures combine the relatively high shear stiffness and ductility of metal alloy with high specific stiffness, strength and fatigue properties of FRP/sub s/. The relatively simple methods for producing hybrid structures circumvent the need for the complex and expensive equipment that is used for advanced composites processing. This paper presents an efficient way of designing a hybrid pressure vessel where prime concern is weight reduction over an equivalent aluminum structure and investigates various methodologies regarding combinations of metals and FRP/sub s/ for optimization of a given pressure vessel. For this purpose we adopted two different methods of simulation one is computer simulation using ANSYS and other is experimental verification by hydrostatic testing of manufactured pressure vessel. Two different pressure vessels one with aluminum liner and other with steel liner were fabricated. Kevlar 49/epoxy was wrapped around the liners in hoop direction. Both the pressure vessels were put into hydrostatic test. Strains were measured during the test and then converted into corresponding stresses. Results of hydrostatic test were quite in favor of the ANSYS results. In this way we have successfully designed, manufactured and tested the Hybrid pressure vessel saving almost 40% weight in case of aluminum liner and 43.6% in case of steel liner. (author)

Concrete Infill Monitoring in Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes Using a PZT-Based Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Method.

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Mingzhang; Li, Weijie; Hei, Chuang; Song, Gangbing

2016-12-07

Concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer tubes (CFFTs) have attracted interest for their structural applications in corrosive environments. However, a weak interfacial strength between the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube and the concrete infill may develop due to concrete shrinkage and inadequate concrete compaction during concrete casting, which will destroy the confinement effect and thereby reduce the load bearing capacity of a CFFT. In this paper, the lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based ultrasonic time-of-flight (TOF) method was adopted to assess the concrete infill condition of CFFTs. The basic idea of this method is that the velocity of the ultrasonic wave propagation in the FRP material is about half of that in concrete material. Any voids or debonding created along the interface between the FRP tube and the concrete will delay the arrival time between the pairs of PZT transducers. A comparison of the arrival times of the PZT pairs between the intact and the defected CFFT was made to assess the severity of the voids or the debonding. The feasibility of the methodology was analyzed using a finite-difference time-domain-based numerical simulation. Experiments were setup to validate the numerical results, which showed good agreement with the numerical findings. The results showed that the ultrasonic time-of-flight method is able to detect the concrete infill condition of CFFTs.

Concrete Infill Monitoring in Concrete-Filled FRP Tubes Using a PZT-Based Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Method

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Mingzhang; Li, Weijie; Hei, Chuang; Song, Gangbing

2016-01-01

Concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer tubes (CFFTs) have attracted interest for their structural applications in corrosive environments. However, a weak interfacial strength between the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube and the concrete infill may develop due to concrete shrinkage and inadequate concrete compaction during concrete casting, which will destroy the confinement effect and thereby reduce the load bearing capacity of a CFFT. In this paper, the lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based ultrasonic time-of-flight (TOF) method was adopted to assess the concrete infill condition of CFFTs. The basic idea of this method is that the velocity of the ultrasonic wave propagation in the FRP material is about half of that in concrete material. Any voids or debonding created along the interface between the FRP tube and the concrete will delay the arrival time between the pairs of PZT transducers. A comparison of the arrival times of the PZT pairs between the intact and the defected CFFT was made to assess the severity of the voids or the debonding. The feasibility of the methodology was analyzed using a finite-difference time-domain-based numerical simulation. Experiments were setup to validate the numerical results, which showed good agreement with the numerical findings. The results showed that the ultrasonic time-of-flight method is able to detect the concrete infill condition of CFFTs. PMID:27941617

Crystallographic characterization of the outer membrane lipoprotein FrpD from Neisseria meningitidis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sviridova, Ekaterina; Bumba, Ladislav; Řezáčová, Pavlína; Veverka, Václav; Šebo, Peter; Kutá-Smatanová, Ivana

2015-01-01

Roč. 22, č. 1 (2015), s. 57-58 ISSN 1211-5894. [Discussions in Structural Molecular Biology. Annual Meeting of the Czech Society for Structural Biology /13./. 19.03.2015-21.03.2015, Nové Hrady] R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP207/11/0717; GA MŠk(CZ) LC06010 Institutional support: RVO:61388963 ; RVO:67179843 ; RVO:61388971 Keywords : FrpD * Neisseria meningitidis Subject RIV: CE - Biochemistry

The VBB SEIS experiment of InSight

Science.gov (United States)

De Raucourt, Sebastien; Gabsi, Taoufik; Tanguy, Nebut; Mimoun, David; Lognonne, Philippe; Gagnepain-Beyneix, Jeannine; Banerdt, William; Tillier, Sylvain; Hurst, Kenneth

2012-07-01

SEIS is the core payload of InSight, one of the three missions selected for competitive phase A in the frame of the 2010 Discovery AO. It aims at providing unique observation of the interior structure of Mars and to monitor seismic activity of Mars. SEIS will provide the first seismic model from another planet than Earth. SEIS is an hybrid seismometer composed of 3 SPs and 3 VBBs axes providing ground motion measurement from Dc to 50Hz. A leveling system will ensure the coupling between the ground and the sensors as well as the horizontality of the VBB sphere. This assembly will be deployed on the ground of Mars and will be shielded by a strong thermal insulation and a wind shield. The 24 bits low noise acquisition electronics will remain in the warm electronic box of the lander with the sensors feedback and leveling system electronics. The VBB sphere enclosed three single axis sensors. Those sensors are based on an inverted leaf spring pendulum, which convert ground acceleration into mobile mass displacement. A capacitive displacement sensor monitors this mass displacement to provide a measurement. A force feedback allows transfer function and sensitivity tuning. The VBB sensor has a very strong heritage from previous project and benefits from recent work to improve its performances. Both the mechanical design and the displacement sensors have optimized to improve performances while reducing technological risk and keeping a high TRL. From those development a self-noise well below 10 ^{-9} m.s ^{-2}/sqrt Hz is expected. Environmental sensitivity of SEIS has been minimized by the design of a very efficient wind and thermal shield. Remaining noise is expected to be very close to the VBB self-noise. Associated sources and budget will be discussed. If InSight is selected to fly in 2016, this experiment will provide very high quality seismic signal measurement with a wider bandwidth, higher sensitivity and lower noise than previous Mars seismometer (Viking and Optimism

Modeling of high-strength concrete-filled FRP tube columns under cyclic load

Science.gov (United States)

Ong, Kee-Yen; Ma, Chau-Khun; Apandi, Nazirah Mohd; Awang, Abdullah Zawawi; Omar, Wahid

2018-05-01

The behavior of high-strength concrete (HSC) - filled fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) tubes (HSCFFTs) column subjected to cyclic lateral loading is presented in this paper. As the experimental study is costly and time consuming, a finite element analysis (FEA) is chosen for the study. Most of the previous studies have focused on examining the axial load behavior of HSCFFT column instead of seismic behavior. The seismic behavior of HSCFFT columns has been the main interest in the industry. The key objective of this research is to develop a reliable numerical non-linear FEA model to represent the seismic behavior of such column. A FEA model was developed using the Concrete Damaged Plasticity Model (CDPM) available in the finite element software package (ABAQUS). Comparisons between experimental results from previous research and the predicted results were made based on load versus displacement relationships and ultimate strength of the column. The results showed that the column increased in ductility and able to deform to a greater extent with the increase of the FRP confinement ratio. With the increase of confinement ratio, HSCFFT column achieved a higher moment resistance, thus indicated a higher failure strength in the column under cyclic lateral load. It was found that the proposed FEA model can regenerate the experimental results with adequate accuracy.

FIRE PROTECTION OF TIMBER STRUCTURES STRENGTHENED WITH FRP MATERIALS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Radek Zigler

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Modern, progressive methods of structures’ strengthening based on the use of composite materials composed of high strength fibers (carbon, glass, aramid or basalt and matrices based on epoxy resins brings, among many indisputable advantages (low weight, high effectiveness, easy application etc. also some disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is a low fire resistance of these materials due to the low glass transition temperature Tg of the resin used. Based on an extensive research of strengthening of historic structures with FRP materials [1], the article outlines possible approaches to this problem, especially while strengthening timber load- bearing structures of historic buildings.

CNG transport by ship with FRP pressure vessels access to east coast gas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Campbell, S. [Trans Ocean Gas Inc., St. John' s, NL (Canada)

2005-07-01

This paper discussed the Trans Ocean Gas (TOG) method for transporting compressed natural gas (CNG). CNG transportation offers an alternative method for transporting stranded natural gas to existing markets and for creating new natural gas markets that are not feasible for liquefied natural gas (LNG) or pipelines. Trans Ocean Gas Inc. (TOG) modified an existing fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) pressure vessel technology to safely store CNG on a ship. The newly developed containment system has proven to overcome all the deficiencies of steel-based systems. TOG patented the containment system and will license its use to owners of stranded gas and shipping service providers around the world. The CNG systems will be built and assembled throughout facilities in Atlantic Canada. FRP pressure vessels have been proven safe and reliable through critical applications in the national defense, aerospace, and natural gas vehicle industries. They are light-weight, highly reliable, have very safe failure modes, are corrosion resistant, and have excellent low temperature characteristics. Under TOG's scheme, natural gas can be stored at two thirds the density of LNG without costly processing. TOG's proposed design and testing of a CNG system was reviewed in detail. figs.

Effects of Elevated Temperatures on the Compressive Strength Capacity of Concrete Cylinders Confined with FRP Sheets: An Experimental Investigation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sherif El-Gamal

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Due to their high strength, corrosion resistance, and durability, fiber reinforced polymers (FRP are very attractive for civil engineering applications. One of these applications is the strengthening of concrete columns with FRP sheets. The performance of this strengthening technique at elevated temperature is still questionable and needs more investigations. This research investigates the effects of exposure to high temperatures on the compressive strength of concrete cylinders wrapped with glass and carbon FRP sheets. Test specimens consisted of 30 unwrapped and 60 wrapped concrete cylinders. All specimens were exposed to temperatures of 100, 200, and 300°C for periods of 1, 2, and 3 hours. The compressive strengths of the unwrapped concrete cylinders were compared with their counterparts of the wrapped cylinders. For the unwrapped cylinders, test results showed that the elevated temperatures considered in this study had almost no effect on their compressive strength; however, the wrapped specimens were significantly affected, especially those wrapped with GFRP sheets. The compressive strength of the wrapped specimens decreased as the exposure period and the temperature level increased. After three hours of exposure to 300°C, a maximum compressive strength loss of about 25.3% and 37.9%, respectively, was recorded in the wrapped CFRP and GFRP specimens.

76 FR 63316 - Prospective Grant of Exclusive License: Secreted Frizzled Related Protein-1 (sFRP-1) and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-12

... function and decreased sFRP-1 protein expression, has been linked to a number of cancers, including gastric... permitted by law, will not be released under the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552. [[Page 63317...

Hand in Hand - SEI Programmes for Students

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Marušić, Iris; Jogovic, Ivana; Puzic, Sasa

2017-01-01

international databases, such as EBSCO, APA, Academic Search Premier: social-emotional competencies, social and emotional learning, intercultural competence etc. b.Only papers focused on programmes aimed at developing SEI competence in students were included The international catalogue consists of the following...

Numerical Analysis of a Masonry Panel Reinforced with Pultruded FRP Frames

Science.gov (United States)

Casalegno, C.; Russo, S.; Sciarretta, F.

2018-05-01

The paper presents a numerical study on the retrofit of traditional masonry with pultruded GFRP profile frames adjacent to a wall and connected to it by mechanical fasteners. This kind of retrofit solution, not having been explored yet either in theory or practice, is similar to the common steel frame retrofits, but offers the advantages of lightness and durability of FRP composite materials. The retrofit system proposed, once proven effective and advantageous, would bring a considerable potential innovation into its available options. Three different frame geometries and two cases of masonry thickness were considered to investigate the effectiveness of the retrofit GFRP frame on the inplane static response of the wall to horizontal loads. The global and local (connection) failure behavior of the wall-frame system was investigated using the 3D finite-element method. A general increase in strength after the retrofit, up to about 130%, was found, and a switch from rocking to the diagonal tension failure mode was observed. The strength hierarchy of the retrofitted systems was also analyzed to clarify the effectiveness of the retrofit in imparting a residual strength to masonry. A thinner masonry structure was clearly recognized to have got the greatest benefits, but the retrofit could also significantly improve the inplane shear strength of a thicker wall. A comparison with steel structures of analogous capacity in terms of weight and natural vibration frequencies supported the viability of composite FRP frames for retrofit.

NMR assignment of intrinsically disordered self-processing module of the FrpC protein of Neisseria meningitidis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kubáň, V.; Nováček, J.; Bumba, Ladislav; Žídek, L.

2015-01-01

Roč. 9, č. 2 (2015), s. 435-440 ISSN 1874-2718 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP207/11/0717 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : FrpC * Self-processing module * Neisseria meningitidis Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology Impact factor: 0.687, year: 2015

Experimental evaluation and design of unfilled and concrete-filled FRP composite piles : Task 7 : final report : thesis.

Science.gov (United States)

2015-05-01

The overall goal of this project is the experimental evaluation and design of unfilled and concrete-filled FRP composite piles for load-bearing in bridges. This report covers Task 7, Final Report - Thesis. : This final report covers Tasks 1, 2, 3, 5 ...

Assessment of RC walls with cut-out openings strengthened by FRP composites using a rigid-plastic approach

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Popescu, Cosmin; Schmidt, Jacob Wittrup; Goltermann, Per

2017-01-01

with carbon-FRP (CFRP). First, the approach is verified against transverse (out-of-plane) and axial (in-plane) loading for unstrengthened specimens. These loading types result in different failure mechanisms: transverse loading leads to failure due to yielding/rupture of the steel reinforcement while axial...

Li-ion battery ageing model parameter: SEI layer analysis using magnetic field probing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Parmender Singh

2018-02-01

Full Text Available With the growing usage of lithium-ion (Li-ion batteries in various applications from stationary applications to automotive industries, their ageing mechanism and its influencing factors have become a big concern today. Ageing may be defined as deterioration in the performance of the battery due to irreversible physical and chemical changes like internal resistance rise, electrolyte decompositions, electrodes cracking and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI modification/growth. The aim of this research article is to study and analyse the behaviour of SEI layer growth at the anode using a novel non-invasive magnetic field probing (MFP. A 3-d model based upon well-known John Newman’s pseudo 2-d approach has been developed in COMSOL Multiphysics®. It is observed that the magnetic field response (MFR is inversely related to SEI growth. Anode’s state of charge (SoC response with SEI layer and MFR is also studied.

Penanganan Abrasi Pantai Desa Sei Raja Kabupaten Sukamara Kalimantan Tengah

OpenAIRE

Aziz, Mustofa Kamal; Lesmi, Seruni Adidar; Pranoto, Sumbogo; Parmantoro, Priyo Nugroho

2016-01-01

The problems of the coastal area in Sei Raja Beach were retreat of the coastline, sedimentation in river mouth of Raja River, destruction of existing shore protection structure such as groin and jetty which was caused of wave. The objective of the final project is to model and to design the right shore structures to protect the shore from abrasion in Sei Raja Beach. The area which planned is around 3,1 km include the river mouth of Raja River. The analysis result of waverose shows that domina...

SeisCode: A seismological software repository for discovery and collaboration

Science.gov (United States)

Trabant, C.; Reyes, C. G.; Clark, A.; Karstens, R.

2012-12-01

SeisCode is a community repository for software used in seismological and related fields. The repository is intended to increase discoverability of such software and to provide a long-term home for software projects. Other places exist where seismological software may be found, but none meet the requirements necessary for an always current, easy to search, well documented, and citable resource for projects. Organizations such as IRIS, ORFEUS, and the USGS have websites with lists of available or contributed seismological software. Since the authors themselves do often not maintain these lists, the documentation often consists of a sentence or paragraph, and the available software may be outdated. Repositories such as GoogleCode and SourceForge, which are directly maintained by the authors, provide version control and issue tracking but do not provide a unified way of locating geophysical software scattered in and among countless unrelated projects. Additionally, projects are hosted at language-specific sites such as Mathworks and PyPI, in FTP directories, and in websites strewn across the Web. Search engines are only partially effective discovery tools, as the desired software is often hidden deep within the results. SeisCode provides software authors a place to present their software, codes, scripts, tutorials, and examples to the seismological community. Authors can choose their own level of involvement. At one end of the spectrum, the author might simply create a web page that points to an existing site. At the other extreme, an author may choose to leverage the many tools provided by SeisCode, such as a source code management tool with integrated issue tracking, forums, news feeds, downloads, wikis, and more. For software development projects with multiple authors, SeisCode can also be used as a central site for collaboration. SeisCode provides the community with an easy way to discover software, while providing authors a way to build a community around their

ANALISA TEKNIS DAN EKONOMIS PENGGUNAAN COREMAT UNTUK KONSTRUKSI FRP (FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC SANDWICH PADA BADAN KAPAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Parlindungan Manik

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Planning of ship construction is make its having good effectivity value and efficiency. Composite as materialalternative to changes of steel feedstock and wood has many applied named FRP (fiberglass reinforcedplastics single skin. The weakness of this FRP was heavy construction and requires many production time.Therefore, will be checked comparison between single skin with sandwich constructions for shell.In this research, the way for making composite is hand lay up method with three various thickness of skinthere are : t, t/2, and t/4. To know strength comparison from the various skin of sandwich with single skin,must be test, consist of tensile test.. The result is analyzed then compared by BKI (Biro Klasifikasi Indonesiarules for the fiberglass ship.Based on the result, indicates that optimization skin thickness of sandwich construction applies Corematwhich tensile strength it is equivalent with Single Skin at 2/3t and usage of Sandwich construction causes23,12 % lighter. In economic analyze, advantage from low weight is compensation of addition 23,12 % DWT.Material cost for Sandwich about 11,35% bigger than Single Skin construction.

Seis olhos, seis ouvidos e seis mãos. Do contexto da umbanda ao desafio da polifonia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charles Raimundo

2013-03-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2178-4582.2012v46n2p545 Três antropólogos são desafiados a realizar uma inserção de campo pelo viés antropológico e descrever este processo a seis mãos, olhos e ouvidos. O cenário escolhido foi o universo da Umbanda representado através da Tenda Espírita de Umbanda Caboclo Tupiniquim em Florianópolis, cidade de Santa Catarina, região sul do Brasil. No desenrolar desta experiência o campo apresenta questionamentos e direcionamentos de pesquisa que levam os autores a se questionar quanto à prática etnográfica, o trabalho em equipe onde subjetividades e experiências individuais não podem ser deixadas de lado, bem como representações de como a autoridade etnográfica e escrita polifônica operam.

Analysis on Adhesively-Bonded Joints of FRP-steel Composite Bridge under Combined Loading: Arcan Test Study and Numerical Modeling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xu Jiang

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The research presented in this paper is an experimental study and numerical analysis on mechanical behavior of the adhesively-bonded joint between FRP sandwich bridge deck and steel girder. Generally, there are three typical stress states in the adhesively-bonded joint: shear stress, tensile stress, and combination of both. To realize these stress states in the adhesively-bonded joint during tests, a specific loading device is developed with the capacity of providing six different loading angles, which are 0°(pure tension, 18°, 36°, 54°, 72° and 90°(pure shear. Failure modes of adhesively-bonded joints are investigated. It indicates that, for the pure shear loading, the failure mode is the cohesive failure (near the interface between the adhesive layer and the steel support in the adhesive layer. For the pure tensile and combined loading conditions, the failure mode is the combination of fiber breaking, FRP delamination and interfacial adhesion failure between the FRP sandwich deck and the adhesive layer. The load-bearing capacities of adhesive joints under combined loading are much lower than those of the pure tensile and pure shear loading conditions. According to the test results of six angle loading conditions, a tensile/shear failure criterion of the adhesively-bonded joint is obtained. By using Finite Element (FE modeling method, linear elastic simulations are performed to characterize the stress distribution throughout the adhesively-bonded joint.

CFD Simulation of Vortex Induced Vibration for FRP Composite Riser with Different Modeling Methods

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chunguang Wang

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Steel risers are widely used in offshore oil and gas industry. However, the production capacity and depths are limited due to their extreme weight and poor fatigue and corrosion resistance. Nowadays, it is confirmed that fiber reinforced polymer (FRP composite risers have apparent advantages over steel risers. However, the study of vortex induced vibration (VIV for composite risers is rarely involved. Three different risers (one steel riser and two composite risers were compared for their VIV characteristics. The effects of 2D and 3D models and fluid–structure interaction (FSI were considered. The models of composite risers are established by effective modulus method (EMM and layered-structure method (LSM. It is found that 2D model are only suitable for ideal condition, while, for real situation, 3D model with FSI has to be considered. The results show that the displacements of the FRP composite risers are significantly larger than those of the steel riser, while the stresses are reversed. In addition, the distributions of the displacements and stresses depend on the geometries, material properties, top-tension force, constraints, etc. In addition, it is obvious that EMM are suitable to study the global working condition while LSM can be utilized to obtain the results in every single composite layer.

Required number of records for ASCE/SEI 7 ground-motion scaling procedure

Science.gov (United States)

Reyes, Juan C.; Kalkan, Erol

2011-01-01

The procedures and criteria in 2006 IBC (International Council of Building Officials, 2006) and 2007 CBC (International Council of Building Officials, 2007) for the selection and scaling ground-motions for use in nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) of structures are based on ASCE/SEI 7 provisions (ASCE, 2005, 2010). According to ASCE/SEI 7, earthquake records should be selected from events of magnitudes, fault distance, and source mechanisms that comply with the maximum considered earthquake, and then scaled so that the average value of the 5-percent-damped response spectra for the set of scaled records is not less than the design response spectrum over the period range from 0.2Tn to 1.5Tn sec (where Tn is the fundamental vibration period of the structure). If at least seven ground-motions are analyzed, the design values of engineering demand parameters (EDPs) are taken as the average of the EDPs determined from the analyses. If fewer than seven ground-motions are analyzed, the design values of EDPs are taken as the maximum values of the EDPs. ASCE/SEI 7 requires a minimum of three ground-motions. These limits on the number of records in the ASCE/SEI 7 procedure are based on engineering experience, rather than on a comprehensive evaluation. This study statistically examines the required number of records for the ASCE/SEI 7 procedure, such that the scaled records provide accurate, efficient, and consistent estimates of" true" structural responses. Based on elastic-perfectly-plastic and bilinear single-degree-of-freedom systems, the ASCE/SEI 7 scaling procedure is applied to 480 sets of ground-motions. The number of records in these sets varies from three to ten. The records in each set were selected either (i) randomly, (ii) considering their spectral shapes, or (iii) considering their spectral shapes and design spectral-acceleration value, A(Tn). As compared to benchmark (that is, "true") responses from unscaled records using a larger catalog of ground

TEHNOLOGIJA UPORABE FRP KOMPOZITOV, TER BETONOV VISOKE IN ULTRA VISOKE TRDNOSTI V GRADBENIH KONSTRUKCIJAH

OpenAIRE

Kos, Kevin

2016-01-01

Beton je kot konstrukcijski material še vedno najbolj uporabljen material. Betonska konstrukcija, armirana z jeklom, zahteva nenehno vzdrževanje, saj v nasprotnem primeru zaradi korozije betona in jekla armiranobetonski objekti sčasoma propadajo. Polimerni kompoziti ali FRP (ang. Fibre Reinforced Polymers) so materiali, ki se po svetu uporabljajo v vse namene. Vedno več pa se uporabljajo tudi v namene grajenja, saj zaradi dobrih lastnosti konkurirajo armirnemu jeklu v betonskih konstrukcij...

Stress analysis in FRP composites

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nitin Jauhari

2016-09-01

Full Text Available A composite material, in mechanics sense, is a structure with the ingredients as element transferring forces to adjacent members. The issue of defects and their effect on the mechanical properties of composites is of great concern among high end users. Experimental investigation of failure modes of composite materials requires correlating the fundamentals of composite materials, their mechanical properties as well as their failure characteristics in the presence of defects. In this paper, three formats of defects of hole (single, double and quadruple as a discontinuity were incorporated along with tensile testing. Unique failure modes of these specimens provided overview regarding mechanical behaviour of composite materials containing defects. Certain correlations were observed between defects and resulting properties. Results are in agreement with general behaviour of FRP composite laminates and it can be concluded that for low deformation in composite laminates, number of layers must be increased, which at the same time results in increase of von-Mises stress. Fibres are the main constituents which are responsible for strength of a composite laminate and they along with fibre orientation, play an important role on its load bearing capacity. It can be inferred based on the analysis that cross-ply configuration [0°/90°] has good load bearing capacity as well as least deflection emphasizing more strength.

Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with basalt-based FRP sheets: An analytical assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nerilli, Francesca; Vairo, Giuseppe

2016-01-01

In this paper the effectiveness of the flexural strengthening of RC beams through basalt fiber-reinforced sheets is investigated. The non-linear flexural response of RC beams strengthened with FRP composites applied at the traction side is described via an analytical formulation. Validation results and some comparative analyses confirm soundness and consistency of the proposed approach, and highlight the good mechanical performances (in terms of strength and ductility enhancement of the beam) produced by basalt-based reinforcements in comparison with traditional glass or carbon FRPs.

Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with basalt-based FRP sheets: An analytical assessment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nerilli, Francesca [Unicusano - Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano Telematica Roma, 00166 Rome (Italy); Vairo, Giuseppe [Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”- (DICII), 00133 Rome (Italy)

2016-06-08

In this paper the effectiveness of the flexural strengthening of RC beams through basalt fiber-reinforced sheets is investigated. The non-linear flexural response of RC beams strengthened with FRP composites applied at the traction side is described via an analytical formulation. Validation results and some comparative analyses confirm soundness and consistency of the proposed approach, and highlight the good mechanical performances (in terms of strength and ductility enhancement of the beam) produced by basalt-based reinforcements in comparison with traditional glass or carbon FRPs.

Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with basalt-based FRP sheets: An analytical assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Nerilli, Francesca; Vairo, Giuseppe

2016-06-01

In this paper the effectiveness of the flexural strengthening of RC beams through basalt fiber-reinforced sheets is investigated. The non-linear flexural response of RC beams strengthened with FRP composites applied at the traction side is described via an analytical formulation. Validation results and some comparative analyses confirm soundness and consistency of the proposed approach, and highlight the good mechanical performances (in terms of strength and ductility enhancement of the beam) produced by basalt-based reinforcements in comparison with traditional glass or carbon FRPs.

How many records should be used in ASCE/SEI-7 ground motion scaling procedure?

Science.gov (United States)

Reyes, Juan C.; Kalkan, Erol

2012-01-01

U.S. national building codes refer to the ASCE/SEI-7 provisions for selecting and scaling ground motions for use in nonlinear response history analysis of structures. Because the limiting values for the number of records in the ASCE/SEI-7 are based on engineering experience, this study examines the required number of records statistically, such that the scaled records provide accurate, efficient, and consistent estimates of “true” structural responses. Based on elastic–perfectly plastic and bilinear single-degree-of-freedom systems, the ASCE/SEI-7 scaling procedure is applied to 480 sets of ground motions; the number of records in these sets varies from three to ten. As compared to benchmark responses, it is demonstrated that the ASCE/SEI-7 scaling procedure is conservative if fewer than seven ground motions are employed. Utilizing seven or more randomly selected records provides more accurate estimate of the responses. Selecting records based on their spectral shape and design spectral acceleration increases the accuracy and efficiency of the procedure.

Monitoring Poisson's ratio degradation of FRP composites under fatigue loading using biaxially embedded FBG sensors

OpenAIRE

Akay, Erdem; Yılmaz, Çağatay; Yilmaz, Cagatay; Kocaman, Esat Selim; Türkmen, Halit S.; Turkmen, Halit S.; Yıldız, Mehmet; Yildiz, Mehmet

2016-01-01

The significance of strain measurement is obvious for the analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites. Conventional strain measurement methods are sufficient for static testing in general. Nevertheless, if the requirements exceed the capabilities of these conventional methods, more sophisticated techniques are necessary to obtain strain data. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors have many advantages for strain measurement over conventional ones. Thus, the present paper suggests a novel...

Experimental evaluation and design of unfilled and concrete-filled FRP composite piles : Task 4B : material & construction specifications : final report.

Science.gov (United States)

2015-07-01

The overall goal of this project is the experimental evaluation and design of unfilled and concrete-filled FRP composite piles for load-bearing in bridges. This report covers Task 4B, Materials and Construction Specifications. : This technical report...

Cálculo en agotamiento de secciones de fábrica reforzadas a flexión con láminas de FRP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martínez, S.

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Masonry structures can hardly resist tensile loads. For this reason these structures are vulnerable to accidental actions, such as earthquakes, or when they suffer damage that change their geometry conditions, for instead, due to differential soil settlements. This paper presents an ultimate limit state method for checking FRP-strengthened unreinforced masonry sections. The method is similar to the one used for reinforced concrete members, but it is adapted to masonry and FRP laminates particularities. In this proposal a bilinear strength-strain relationship is used and the FRP design strain is limited to take into account different aspects which cause the plate can’t reach its ultimate strength. In particular, it is proposed a “bond reduction factor”, derived from a large bending test database.Las estructuras de fábrica apenas tienen capacidad para resistir tracciones lo que las hace vulnerables ante acciones desestabilizantes de tipo accidental, como terremotos, o cuando sufren daños que alteran su geometría, por ejemplo, por asientos diferenciales. En este trabajo se presenta un método para la comprobación en agotamiento de secciones de fábrica reforzadas a flexión con láminas de FRP. Está basado en el procedimiento de cálculo de la capacidad resistente de secciones de hormigón pero adaptado a las particularidades y condicionantes de las fábricas reforzadas. En esta propuesta se utiliza un diagrama de cálculo tensión deformación de la fábrica de tipo bilineal y se limita la deformación de cálculo del refuerzo teniendo en consideración ciertos aspectos que provocan que no pueda desarrollar toda su resistencia. En concreto, se propone un «coeficiente reductor por adherencia» que se determina a partir de una amplia base de datos con ensayos de flexión.

Analysis on Adhesively-Bonded Joints of FRP-steel Composite Bridge under Combined Loading : Arcan Test Study and Numerical Modeling

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jiang, X.; Qiang, X.; Kolstein, M.H.; Bijlaard, F.S.K.

2016-01-01

The research presented in this paper is an experimental study and numerical analysis on mechanical behavior of the adhesively-bonded joint between FRP sandwich bridge deck and steel girder. Generally, there are three typical stress states in the adhesively-bonded joint: shear stress, tensile stress,

ANALISA TEKNIS DAN EKONOMIS PENGGUNAAN COREMAT UNTUK KONSTRUKSI FRP (FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC SANDWICH PADA BADAN KAPAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Parlindungan Manik

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Planning of ship construction is make its having good effectivity value and efficiency. Composite as material alternative to changes of steel feedstock and wood has many applied named FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastics single skin. The weakness of this FRP was heavy construction and requires many production time. Therefore, will be checked comparison between single skin with sandwich constructions for shell. In this research, the way for making composite is hand lay up method with three various thickness of skin there are : t, t/2, and t/4. To know strength comparison from the various skin of sandwich with single skin, must be test, consist of tensile test.. The result is analyzed then compared by BKI (Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia rules for the fiberglass ship. Based on the result, indicates that optimization skin thickness of sandwich construction applies Coremat which tensile strength it is equivalent with Single Skin at 2/3t and usage of Sandwich construction causes 23,12 % lighter. In economic analyze, advantage from low weight is compensation of addition 23,12 % DWT. Material cost for Sandwich about 11,35% bigger than Single Skin construction.

Monitoring Poisson’s Ratio Degradation of FRP Composites under Fatigue Loading Using Biaxially Embedded FBG Sensors

Science.gov (United States)

Akay, Erdem; Yilmaz, Cagatay; Kocaman, Esat S.; Turkmen, Halit S.; Yildiz, Mehmet

2016-01-01

The significance of strain measurement is obvious for the analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites. Conventional strain measurement methods are sufficient for static testing in general. Nevertheless, if the requirements exceed the capabilities of these conventional methods, more sophisticated techniques are necessary to obtain strain data. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors have many advantages for strain measurement over conventional ones. Thus, the present paper suggests a novel method for biaxial strain measurement using embedded FBG sensors during the fatigue testing of FRP composites. Poisson’s ratio and its reduction were monitored for each cyclic loading by using embedded FBG sensors for a given specimen and correlated with the fatigue stages determined based on the variations of the applied fatigue loading and temperature due to the autogenous heating to predict an oncoming failure of the continuous fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composite specimens under fatigue loading. The results show that FBG sensor technology has a remarkable potential for monitoring the evolution of Poisson’s ratio on a cycle-by-cycle basis, which can reliably be used towards tracking the fatigue stages of composite for structural health monitoring purposes. PMID:28773901

Anchorage strength models for end-debonding predictions in RC beams strengthened with FRP composites

Science.gov (United States)

Nardini, V.; Guadagnini, M.; Valluzzi, M. R.

2008-05-01

The increase in the flexural capacity of RC beams obtained by externally bonding FRP composites to their tension side is often limited by the premature and brittle debonding of the external reinforcement. An in-depth understanding of this complex failure mechanism, however, has not yet been achieved. With specific regard to end-debonding failure modes, extensive experimental observations reported in the literature highlight the important distinction, often neglected in strength models proposed by researchers, between the peel-off and rip-off end-debonding types of failure. The peel-off failure is generally characterized by a failure plane located within the first few millimetres of the concrete cover, whilst the rip-off failure penetrates deeper into the concrete cover and propagates along the tensile steel reinforcement. A new rip-off strength model is described in this paper. The model proposed is based on the Chen and Teng peel-off model and relies upon additional theoretical considerations. The influence of the amount of the internal tensile steel reinforcement and the effective anchorage length of FRP are considered and discussed. The validity of the new model is analyzed further through comparisons with test results, findings of a numerical investigation, and a parametric study. The new rip-off strength model is assessed against a database comprising results from 62 beams tested by various researchers and is shown to yield less conservative results.

Efficacy of Thermally Conditioned Sisal FRP Composite on the Shear Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Beams

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Tara Sen

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The development of commercially viable composites based on natural resources for a wide range of applications is on the rise. Efforts include new methods of production and the utilization of natural reinforcements to make biodegradable composites with lignocellulosic fibers, for various engineering applications. In this work, thermal conditioning of woven sisal fibre was carried out, followed by the development of woven sisal fibre reinforced polymer composite system, and its tensile and flexural behaviour was characterized. It was observed that thermal conditioning improved the tensile strength and the flexural strength of the woven sisal fibre composites, which were observed to bear superior values than those in the untreated ones. Then, the efficacy of woven sisal fibre reinforced polymer composite for shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams was evaluated using two types of techniques: full and strip wrapping techniques. Detailed analysis of the load deflection behaviour and fracture study of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with woven sisal under shearing load were carried out, and it was concluded that woven sisal FRP strengthened beams, underwent very ductile nature of failure, without any delamination or debonding of sisal FRP, and also increased the shear strength and the first crack load of the reinforced concrete beams.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the FRP Shear Mechanism for Concrete Sandwich Panels

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hodicky, Kamil; Sopal, G.; Rizkalla, S.

2015-01-01

This paper investigates the composite action of 46 segments representing precast concrete sandwich panels (PCSPs) using a fiber-reinforced polymer [FRP; specifically, a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)] grid/rigid foam as a shear mechanism. The experimental aspect of the research reported...... reported in this paper indicated that increasing the spacing between vertical lines of CFRP grid increase the overall shear flow strengths due to the increase of the bonded contact area of the rigid foam to the concrete surface. However, the overall shear stresses were decreased due to the increase...

Crystal structure of the iron-regulated outer membrane lipoprotein FrpD (NMB0584) from Neisseria meningitidis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Sviridova, E.; Bumba, Ladislav; Řezáčová, Pavlína; Šebo, Peter; Kutá-Smatanová, Ivana

2012-01-01

Roč. 12, č. 1 (2012), s. 49-49 ISSN 1210-8529. [10th Discussions in Structural Molecular Biology. 22.03.2012-24.03.2012, Nové Hrady] R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP207/11/0717 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40550506; CEZ:AV0Z60870520; CEZ:AV0Z50200510 Keywords : Neisseria meningitidis * FrpD Subject RIV: EE - Microbiology, Virology

PENGUATAN INFORMASI EKOWISATA MELALUI FILM DOKUMENTER DI KELURAHAN SEI MEMPURA

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Mohd. Fauzi

2016-10-01

Full Text Available AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensinergikan kegiatan tri darma perguruan tinggi dengan ekowisata di kelurahan Sei Mempura dengan memberikan wawasan baru tentang penguatan informasi ekowisata melalui film dokumenter di kelurahan Sei Mempura serta menerapkan pendekatan partisipatif bagi masyarakat lokal dalam rangka penguatan informasi ekowisata melalui film dokumenter di kelurahan Sei Mempura. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan beberapa tahapan. tahap pertama membuat film dokumenter di kelurahan Sungai Mempura dan mewawancarai dinas terkait. Tahap kedua membuat laporan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi ekowisata yang ada di kelurahan Sungai Mempura sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan terutama. Promosi yang terus menerus harus dilakukan, salah satunya adalah dengan pembuatan film dokumenter.Kata kunci: Ekowisata, film, penelitian AbstractThis research aimed to sinchronize the university services to the society by producing documenter film about Sungai Mempura village. This research used descriptive-qualitative by using two steps. Firstly, we produced the documenter film of Sungai Mempura village. Secondly, we made a report about the research. The result of the reasearch shown that the ecotourist in Sungai Mempura village was very potential and exotic and needed to be developed. The continuous promotion should be made and this film will give useful contribution to promote this natural richness which giving benefits to people. Keywords: ecotouris, film, research

[Effect of Biejiajian Pills on Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and DKK-1 and FrpHe gene expressions in hepatocellular carcinoma cells].

Science.gov (United States)

He, Songqi; Cheng, Yang; Zhu, Yun; Fan, Qin; Sun, Haitao; Jia, Wenyan

2013-01-01

To investigate the effect of Biejiajian Pills on Wnt signal pathway and its inhibitory gene (DKK-1 and FrpHe) expressions and explore the mechanism underlying the action of Biejiajian Pills to suppress the invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomized equally into 3 groups for gavage of normal saline and Biejiajian Pills at 20- and 10-fold clinical doses for 3 days. Blood samples were then collected from the rats, and the serum was separated and added in HepG2 cell cultures. After 48 h of culture, the cells were collected to determine the cellular content of β-catenin protein using flow cytometry and detect DKK-1 and FrpHe mRNA expressions using qRT-PCR. HepG2 cells cultured in the presence of sera from rats fed with Biejiajian Pills showed significantly lowered β-catenin protein expression and obvious down-regulation of DKK-1 mRNA expression, and the effect was correlated with the doses of the drug administered. The expression of FrpHe mRNA showed no significant differences between the 3 groups. Biejiajian Pills can effectively inhibit the invasiveness and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which is closely related to decreased expressions of β-catenin and DKK-1 to cause block of the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.

Specific in vivo binding in the rat brain of [18F]RP 62203: A selective 5-HT2A receptor radioligand for positron emission tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Besret, Laurent; Dauphin, Francois; Huard, Cecile; Lasne, Marie-Claire; Vivet, Richard; Mickala, Patrick; Barbelivien, Alexandra; Baron, Jean-Claude

1996-01-01

In vivo pharmacokinetic and brain binding characteristics of [ 18 F]RP 62203, a selective high-affinity serotonergic 5-HT 2A receptor antagonist, were assessed in the rat following intravenous injection of trace amount of the radioligand. The radioactive distribution profile observed in the brain 60 min after injection was characterized by greater than fourfold higher uptake in neocortex as compared to cerebellum (0.38 ± 0.07% injected dose/g, % ID/g and 0.08 ± 0.01 ID/g, respectively), consistent with in vivo specific binding to the 5-HT 2A receptor. Furthermore, specific [ 18 F]RP 62203 binding significantly correlated with the reported in vitro distribution of 5-HT 2A receptors, but not with known concentration profiles of dopaminergic D 2 or adrenergic α 1 receptors. Finally, detectable specific binding was abolished by pretreatment with large doses of ritanserin, a selective 5-HT 2A antagonist, which resulted in uniform uptakes across cortical, striatal and cerebellar tissues. Thus, [ 18 F]RP 62203 appears to be a promising selective tool to visualize and quantify 5-HT 2A brain receptors in vivo with positron emission tomography

Chang Sei Kim's Activities on Public Health in Colonial Korea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Park Yunjae

2006-12-01

Full Text Available After graduating from Severance Medical College in 1916, Chang Sei Kim went to Shanghai to work as a missionary in a adventist hospital. The establishment of the Korean Provisional Government led him to participate in the independence movement. Educating nurses to assist the forthcoming war for independence, he seemed to realize the fact that the health of Koreans would be a key factor for achieving independence. He left for the U.S. to conduct comprehensive research on medicine. Chang Sei Kim was the first Korean to receive a Ph. D. degree of Public Health, graduating from the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health in 1925. He then gained an opportunity to work for Korea as a professor at Severance Medical College. His objective was the 'Reconstruction of the Korean People In Terms of Physical Constitution.' He pointed out that Koreans' weak state of health was a major reason for Korea's colonization. To gain independence, he emphasized that the Korean people should receive education on public health in order to improve the primitive conditions of sanitation. There is little doubt that Chang Sei Kim's ideas developed Heungsadan's views on medicine in terms of its stress on cultivation of ability, especially considering the fact that he was a member of the organization. As a member of the colonized who could not participate in the developing official policy, Chang Sei Kim was not able to implement his ideas fully, because an individual or a private organization could not carry out policy on public health as large a scale as the government did. Never giving up his hopes for Korean independence, he rejected requests to assume official posts in the Government-General. That was why he was particularly interested in the Self-Governing Movement in 1920s Korea. If the movement had attained its goal, he might have worked for the enhancement of sanitary environment as a director of Sanitary Department. His application for funding to establish

Differential Analysis of Sei Cow Meat Treatment from Modern and Household Industry in Kupang City

OpenAIRE

Apris A. Adu

2017-01-01

Se'i meat is one of the beef processed are made by way of smoked using wood embers of kusambi (Scheichera oleaca), se'i has been known in the city of Kupang as one of the meat food products. The processing of se'i meat require nitrite as a preservative to obtain good color and prevent the growth of microbes. According to the regulations of Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia number 36 of 2013, Nitrite use is permitted with a maximum limit of use of 30 mg/kg, but in r...

Homogenized rigid body and spring-mass (HRBSM) model for the pushover analysis of out-of-plane loaded unreinforced and FRP reinforced walls

Science.gov (United States)

Bertolesi, Elisa; Milani, Gabriele

2017-07-01

The present paper is devoted to the discussion of a series of unreinforced and FRP retrofitted panels analyzed adopting the Rigid Body and Spring-Mass (HRBSM) model developed by the authors. To this scope, a total of four out of plane loaded masonry walls tested up to failure are considered. At a structural level, the non-linear analyses are conducted replacing the homogenized orthotropic continuum with a rigid element and non-linear spring assemblage by means of which out of plane mechanisms are allowed. FRP retrofitting is modeled adopting two noded truss elements whose mechanical properties are selected in order to describe possible debonding phenomenon or tensile rupture of the strengthening. The outcome provided numerically are compared to the experimental results showing a satisfactory agreement in terms of global pressure-deflection curves and failure mechanisms.

SIAH1-induced p34SEI-1 polyubiquitination/degradation mediates p53 preferential vitamin C cytotoxicity.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Soonduck; Kim, Jinsun; Jung, Samil; Li, Chengping; Yang, Young; Kim, Keun Il; Lim, Jong-Seok; Kim, Yonghwan; Cheon, Choong-Il; Lee, Myeong-Sok

2015-03-01

Vitamin C is considered as an important anticancer therapeutic agent although this view is debatable. In this study, we introduce a physiological mechanism demonstrating how vitamin C exerts anticancer activity that induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our previous and current data reveal that p53 tumor suppressor is the prerequisite factor for stronger anticancer effects of vitamin C. In addition, vitamin C-mediated cancer cell cytotoxicity appears to be achieved at least partly through the downregulation of the p34SEI-1 oncoprotein. Our previous study showed that p34SEI-1 increases the survival of various types of cancer cells by inhibiting their apoptosis. Present data suggest that vitamin C treatment decreases the p34SEI-1 expression at the protein level and therefore alleviates its anti-apoptotic activity. Of note, SIAH1, E3 ubiquitin ligase, appears to be responsible for the p34SEI-1 polyubiquitination and its subsequent degradation, which is dependent on p53. In summary, vitamin C increases cancer cell death by inducing SIAH1-mediated polyubiquitination/degradation of the p34SEI-1 oncoprotein in a p53-dependent manner.

Effects of FRP application on the seismic response of a masonry church in Emilia-Romagna (Italy)

Science.gov (United States)

Milani, Gabriele; Shehu, Rafael; Valente, Marco

2016-12-01

The paper presents some preliminary results of advanced Finite Element (FE) analyses on the upgrading of old masonry constructions by means of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs). The case study is a masonry Romanesque church, located in Ferrara, Emilia Romagna (Italy). The church exhibits widespread damage caused by the recent earthquake sequence occurred in 2012 about 60 km far from Ferrara with two major seismic events of magnitude 5.8 and 5.9. The main damage involved mainly the columns of the central nave and the apse. A partial detachment of the façade was observed too. First, gravity load analyses and non-linear static and dynamic analyses are performed on the church in the unretrofitted configuration. Numerical results put in evidence the insufficient strength of the apse and the columns of the naves, and the detachment of the façade. A strengthening intervention conducted by means of FRP strips is numerically analysed, assuming the behavior of the strips, especially for what concerns delamination, in agreement with Italian Guidelines. Numerical results show a quite reasonable strength improvement of the weak structural elements due to FRP application, with levels of strength higher than the minimum ones required by Italian Code.

Estimation of gamma dose rate from hulls and shield design for the hull transport cask of Fuel Reprocessing Plant (FRP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chandrasekaran, S.; Rajagopal, V.; Jose, M.T.; Venkatraman, B.

2012-01-01

In Fuel Reprocessing Plant (FRP), un-dissolved clad of fuel pins known as hulls are the major sources of high level solid waste. Safe handling, transport and disposal require the estimation of radioactivity as a consequent of gamma dose rate from hulls in fast reactor fuel reprocessing plant in comparison with thermal reactor fuel. Due to long irradiation time and low cooling of spent fuel, the evolution of activation products 51 Cr, 58 Co, 54 Mn and 59 Fe present as impurities in the fuel clad are the major sources of gamma radiation. Gamma dose rate from hull container with hulls from Fuel Sub Assembly (FSA) and Radial Sub Assembly (RSA) of Fuel Reprocessing Plant (FRP) was estimated in order to design the hull transport cask. Shielding computations were done using point kernel code, IGSHIELD. This paper describes the details of source terms, estimation of dose rate and shielding design of hull transport cask in detail. (author)

Specific in vivo binding in the rat brain of [{sup 18}F]RP 62203: A selective 5-HT{sub 2A} receptor radioligand for positron emission tomography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Besret, Laurent; Dauphin, Francois; Huard, Cecile; Lasne, Marie-Claire; Vivet, Richard; Mickala, Patrick; Barbelivien, Alexandra; Baron, Jean-Claude

1996-02-01

In vivo pharmacokinetic and brain binding characteristics of [{sup 18}F]RP 62203, a selective high-affinity serotonergic 5-HT{sub 2A} receptor antagonist, were assessed in the rat following intravenous injection of trace amount of the radioligand. The radioactive distribution profile observed in the brain 60 min after injection was characterized by greater than fourfold higher uptake in neocortex as compared to cerebellum (0.38 {+-} 0.07% injected dose/g, % ID/g and 0.08 {+-} 0.01 ID/g, respectively), consistent with in vivo specific binding to the 5-HT{sub 2A} receptor. Furthermore, specific [{sup 18}F]RP 62203 binding significantly correlated with the reported in vitro distribution of 5-HT{sub 2A} receptors, but not with known concentration profiles of dopaminergic D{sub 2} or adrenergic {alpha}{sub 1} receptors. Finally, detectable specific binding was abolished by pretreatment with large doses of ritanserin, a selective 5-HT{sub 2A} antagonist, which resulted in uniform uptakes across cortical, striatal and cerebellar tissues. Thus, [{sup 18}F]RP 62203 appears to be a promising selective tool to visualize and quantify 5-HT{sub 2A} brain receptors in vivo with positron emission tomography.

NTP system definition and comparison process for SEI

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Corban, R.R.

1993-01-01

The concept definition, trade-offs, and ultimate selection of a nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) system that will enable the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) missions to Mars will require a rigorous systems engineering approach. A systems engineering process to provide a consistent comparison has been established to allow for evolving SEI mission requirements, level of concept definition and changing ''customer'' requirements, while continuing to improve the process as more data becomes available. All concepts will be evaluated against an established baseline NTP system to compare system benefits and merits. Establishing the evaluation criteria is extremely challenging and critical to the evaluation and selection process. Quality function deployment (QFD) will be utilized to provide structure and focus in obtaining the critical needs and attributes of the NTP system. System performance, cost, and risk analysis tools will be integrated into the process to provide the quantitative data required to allow for an informative decision on concept and technology decisions. This process will initiate the framework for design and development of a robust, reliable, cost effective NTP engine within NASA's philosophy for space systems to be developed ''faster, better, and cheaper.''

NTP system definition and comparison process for SEI

Science.gov (United States)

Corban, Robert R.

1993-01-01

The concept definition, trade-offs, and ultimate selection of a nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP) system that will enable the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) missions to Mars will require a rigorous systems engineering approach. A systems engineering process to provide a consistent comparison has been established to allow for evolving SEI mission requirements, level of concept definition and changing ``customer'' requirements, while continuing to improve the process as more data becomes available. All concepts will be evaluated against an established baseline NTP system to compare system benefits and merits. Establishing the evaluation criteria is extremely challenging and critical to the evaluation and selection process. Quality function deployment (QFD) will be utilized to provide structure and focus in obtaining the critical needs and attributes of the NTP system. System performance, cost, and risk analysis tools will be integrated into the process to provide the quantitative data required to allow for an informative decision on concept and technology decisions. This process will initiate the framework for design and development of a robust, reliable, cost effective NTP engine within NASA's philosophy for space systems to be developed ``faster, better, and cheaper.''

Evaluation of the increased load bearing capacity of steel beams strengthened with pre-stressed FRP laminates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Bennati

2016-10-01

Full Text Available We analyse the problem of a simply supported steel beam subjected to uniformly distributed load, strengthened with a pre-stressed fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP laminate. We assume that the laminate is first put into tension, then bonded to the beam bottom surface, and finally fixed at both its ends by suitable connections. The beam and laminate are modelled according to classical beam theory. The adhesive is modelled as a cohesive interface with a piecewise linear constitutive law defined over three intervals (elastic response, softening response, debonding. The model is described by a set of differential equations with suitable boundary conditions. An analytical solution to the problem is determined, including explicit expressions for the internal forces and interfacial stresses. As an application, we consider the standard IPE series for the steel beam and the Sika® CarboDur® system for the adhesive and laminate. For each considered cross section, we first carry out a preliminary design of the unstrengthened steel beam. Then, we imagine to apply the FRP strengthening and calculate the loads corresponding to the elastic limit states in the steel beam, adhesive, and laminate. Lastly, we take into account the ultimate limit state corresponding to the plasticisation of the mid-span steel cross section and evaluate the increased load bearing capacity of the strengthened beam

Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects

Science.gov (United States)

2011-02-01

through working software, early and often. This is unfortunately often achieved by focusing on the “ skin ” of the system, and deferring or completely...and “physical” sides. Cyber side Physical side In te rf ac es This weakens encapsulation and modularity in the sense that hardware details...SEI-2011-TR-002 | 25 Interestingly, while coupling between hardware and software could be considered to be signifi- cantly tightened and integrated

Simulation of the FRP Product

Science.gov (United States)

Paugam, Ronan; Wooster, Martin; Johnston, Joshua; Gastellu-Etchegorry, Jean-Philippe

2014-05-01

Among the different alternative of remote sensing technologies for estimating global fire carbon emission, the thermally-based measures of fire radiative power (FRP; and its temporal integration, fire radiative energy or FRE) has the potential to capture the spatial and temporal variability of fire occurrence. It was shown that a strong linear relationship exists between the total amount of thermal radiant energy emitted by a fire over its lifetime (the FRE) and the amount of fuel burned. Since all vegetation is 50(±5)% carbon, it is therefore in theory a potentially simple matter to measure the FRE and estimate the carbon release. In a fire inventory like the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS), the total carbon emission is derived from a gridded FRE product forced by the MODIS observation, using Ct = β x FRE x Ef, where β is a conversion factor initially estimated from small scale experiment as β=0.368 and later derived for different bio dome by comparison with the Global Fire Emission Database (GFED). The sensitivities of the above equation to (i) different types of fire activity (ie, flaming, smoldering, torching), (ii) sensor view angles or (iii) soot/smoke absorption have not yet been well studied. The investigation of these types of sensitivity, and of the information content of thermal IR observations of actively burning fires in general, is one of the primary subjects of this study. Our approach is based on a combination of observational work and simulations conducted via the linkage of different fire models and the 3D radiative transfer (RT) model DART operating in the thermal domain. The radiation properties of a fire as seen from above its plume (e.g. space/air borne sensor) depend on the temperature distribution, the gas concentration (mainly CO2, H2O), and the amount, shape, distribution and optical properties of the soot particles in the flame (where they are emitting) and in the cooling plume (where they are mainly absorbing). While gas and

Estudo inicial do inventário de Auto-Estima (SEI: Forma A Initial study of the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI: Form A

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mônica Gobitta

2002-01-01

Full Text Available No presente estudo buscou-se investigar os índices de precisão do Inventário de Auto-Estima (SEI-Forma A, descrever a auto-estima do grupo estudado considerando-se as variáveis: gênero e faixa etária nas dimensões estudadas pelo Inventário. Foram participantes deste estudo 142 crianças e adolescentes de dez a 18 anos. Os resultados referentes aos índices de precisão do Inventário mostraram índices satisfatórios quando considerados os resultados da pontuação geral, o mesmo não ocorreu quando a correlação item-total foi submetida às dimensões estudadas. Com relação aos resultados descritivos da auto-estima do grupo estudado, estes apresentaram pequenas diferenças entre as variáveis pesquisadas. Estes resultados levaram a discussões a respeito da adaptação transcultural de instrumentos de avaliação e as conclusões deste estudo apontam para a necessidade de que o instrumento escolhido seja aperfeiçoado em investigações futuras no sentido de melhorar a consistência interna dos itens.In this study the aims were to investigate the rates of reliability of the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI - Form A and to describe the self-esteem considering the variables gender and age, in the four dimensions studied by the Inventory. The subjects of this study were 142 children and adolescents from ten to 18 years old from a public school. The results referring to the reliability rates of the Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI - Form A showed that the reliability had pointed satisfactory rates, although the internal consistency analyzed through the item-total correlation indicated problems in same items. This results conduct to discussions concerning the transcultural adaptation of assessment instruments and this study's conclusions point to the need of improving the chosen instruments in future investigations, towards improving the internal consistency of the items.

Dynamic and Static Behavior of Hollow-Core FRP-Concrete-Steel and Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns under Vehicle Collision

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Omar I. Abdelkarim

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the difference in behavior between hollow-core fiber reinforced polymer-concrete-steel (HC-FCS columns and conventional reinforced concrete (RC columns under vehicle collision in terms of dynamic and static forces. The HC-FCS column consisted of an outer FRP tube, an inner steel tube, and a concrete shell sandwiched between the two tubes. The steel tube was hollow inside and embedded into the concrete footing with a length of 1.5 times the tube diameter while the FRP tube stopped at the top of footing. The RC column had a solid cross-section. The study was conducted through extensive finite element impact analyses using LS-DYNA software. Nine parameters were studied including the concrete material model, unconfined concrete compressive strength, material strain rate, column height-to-diameter ratio, column diameter, column top boundary condition, axial load level, vehicle velocity, and vehicle mass. Generally, the HC-FCS columns had lower dynamic forces and higher static forces than the RC columns when changing the values of the different parameters. During vehicle collision with either the RC or the HC-FCS columns, the imposed dynamic forces and their equivalent static forces were affected mainly by the vehicle velocity and vehicle mass.

Evaluaciones Estandarizadas: Seis Reflexiones Críticas Standardized Assessments: Six Critical Reflections Avaliações Padronizadas: Seis Reflexões Críticas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ignacio Barrenechea

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo presenta una revisión de la literatura que analiza seis limitaciones claves que tienen las evaluaciones estandarizadas. Las seis críticas que se presentan son: la tensión que existe entre el concepto de inteligencias múltiples y las evaluaciones estandarizadas, la desatención de componentes del curriculum real - el cual no necesariamente se agota en el curriculum prescripto, los riesgos de enseñar para el test, los incentivos que se generan de hacer trampa con los resultados, la falta de consideración de las diferencias socio económicas de los alumnos que son evaluados, y, por último, las limitaciones de los resultados de las evaluaciones estandarizadas para predecir el éxito laboral de los estudiantes. Este trabajo concluye que este tipo de evaluaciones, si bien pueden tener ciertas ventajas, cuando son usadas como el único instrumento para tomar decisiones educativas, las limitaciones son mayores que sus beneficios.

This paper presents a review of the literature analyzing six key limitations of standardized evaluations. The six criticisms are the following: the tension that exists between the concept of multiple intelligences and the standardized evaluations, the disregard of components of the real curriculum - which is not necessarily exhausted in the prescribed curriculum, the risks of teaching to the test, the incentives that are generated to cheat or inflate the results of the tests, the lack of consideration of the economic differences of the pupils who are evaluated, and, finally, the limitations of the results of standardized evaluations as predictors of the labour success of the students. This paper concludes that when this type of evaluation is used as the only basis of educational decisions, the costs outweigh the benefits.

LEAN Y SEIS SIGMA EN LAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN

OpenAIRE

González de Diego, Clara Mª

2017-01-01

La metodología Lean Manufacturing y la filosofía Seis Sigma han cobrado un papel de vital importancia en el mundo de la industria y de la producción. Es por ello que, a partir de la propuesta lanzada por la Asociación Española para la Calidad (AEC), se ha decidido observar el grado de explicación de una serie de conceptos de calidad (conceptos básicos, diseño de experimentos, normas de calidad y Seis Sigma) y de producción (MRP, JIT y Lean Manufacturing) en las titulacione...

Aplicação do seis sigma em recursos humanos: um estudo de caso em uma empresa eletro-eletrônica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renato Luis de Boer

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta um caso de aplicação da metodologia Seis Sigma na área de recursos humanos de uma empresa de manufatura de componentes eletrônicos. Objetivou-se analisar como a metodologia Seis Sigma foi aplicada e que adaptações se fizeram necessárias para um resultado eficaz. O projeto de Seis Sigma em análise tinha por objetivo a redução da rotatividade de pessoal, ou seja, reduzir o turn over de afastamento. O estudo de caso foi o método de pesquisa utilizado. A estrutura DMAIC (define, measure, analyse, improve and control foi utilizada no desenvolvimento deste projeto de Seis Sigma. As ferramentas foram apropriadas para dados qualitativos. As principais dificuldades relacionaram-se a incoerência entre dados provenientes de diversas fontes, receio de atribuição de culpa pela alta rotatividade de certas funções da empresa e apreensão quanto ao uso de ferramentas típicas do Seis Sigma, fortemente baseadas em estatística e análise quantitativa. O projeto Seis Sigma atingiu as metas estabelecidas além de gerar envolvimento de diversas áreas da empresa com a gestão de pessoas.

Debonding Patch Detection in FRP-Strengthened Materials with Fiber-Optic Interferometer

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Xu Ying; Wang Dexiang; Tang Tianyou; Lu Miaomiao

2017-01-01

The interfacial debonding in fiber-reinforced plastic(FRP) strengthened repair material will affect the bonding strength and lead to failure of the repair without warning.Unfortunately the interfacial damage is normally invisible and often in the form of a patch rather than a through-width crack.Therefore,a debonding patch detection technique based on fiber optic interferometry is proposed.A quasi impulse loading is applied with a rubberhead hammer and the total elongation of a surface mounted optical fiber along the length of the repair material is measured as a function of load position.When a debonding patch is present,the induced sudden slope or sign change on the plot of fiber integral strain v.s.load position will reveal the extent and the location of the debonded area.The results of the study indicate that the proposed technique is applicable for debonding patch detection in repaired members under various support conditions.

Simple preparation of thiol-ene particles in glycerol and surface functionalization by thiol-ene chemistry (TEC) and surface chain transfer free radical polymerization (SCT-FRP)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hoffmann, Christian; Chiaula, Valeria; Yu, Liyun

2018-01-01

functionalization of excess thiol groups via photochemical thiol-ene chemistry (TEC) resulting in a functional monolayer. In addition, surface chain transfer free radical polymerization (SCT-FRP) was used for the first time to introduce a thicker polymer layer on the particle surface. The application potential...

SEI power source alternatives for rovers and other multi-kWe distributed surface applications

Science.gov (United States)

Bents, David J.; Kohout, L. L.; Mckissock, Barbara I.; Rodriguez, C. D.; Withrow, C. A.; Colozza, A.; Hanlon, James C.; Schmitz, Paul C.

1991-01-01

To support the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI), a study was performed to investigate power system alternatives for the rover vehicles and servicers that were subsequently generated for each of these rovers and servicers, candidate power sources incorporating various power generation and energy storage technologies were identified. The technologies were those believed most appropriate to the SEI missions, and included solar, electrochemical, and isotope systems. The candidates were characterized with respect to system mass, deployed area, and volume. For each of the missions a preliminary selection was made. Results of this study depict the available power sources in light of mission requirements as they are currently defined.

75 FR 39916 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Notice of Intent to Prepare a Recovery Plan for the Sei Whale

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-13

... Fisheries Service (NMFS) is announcing its intent to prepare a recovery plan for the Sei Whale (Balaenoptera... the fax comments as ``Sei Whale Recovery Plan Information'' 3. Mail: National Marine Fisheries Service... under the ESA. The recovery planning process is guided by the statutory language of Section 4(f) of the...

Research of Effective Width of FRP U-shaped Hoop Reinforcement Properties of Concrete Beams by Shear

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Li Baokun

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The paste fiber reinforced composite material (hereinafter referred to as FRP U-shaped hoop of reinforced concrete beams interfacial debonding is an important reinforcement technology research. For the effective width of the CFRP U-shaped hoop reinforcement, it is still a lack of in-depth research, only relying on the test research huge workload, this article (ANSYS and the numerical simulation in the whole process of the shear load release properties of finite element calculation software. According to the results of finite element analysis, the author studied the CFRP U-shaped hoop to increase the width of the shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams by the impact.

Pension Fund - ELECTIONS - Irene SEIS

CERN Document Server

2002-01-01

CERN - EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH PENSION FUND   This candidature has been duly registered and is hereby presented in accordance with paragraph 6.h of the Regulations for Elections to the Governing Board of the Pension Fund. Candidate: Name: SEIS First Name : Irene Our Pension Fund (that of CERN and ESO personnel) is for most of us the only social protection when we retire. Its purpose is to give us a pension, which permits to maintain a certain standard of living for us, and for our dependants. I have worked in the Governing Board of the Pension Fund, as well as in numerous working groups on pension matters, since 11 years, either in my role as a Staff Association delegate, or as a member of the Governing Board. In both environments, I defend the principles of solidarity, which are part of our social security system, and I stand up for maintaining its primary principle, being a defined benefit scheme. Another of my preoccupations is the long-term future of the fund, including the gu...

Experimental Analysis of Dynamic Effects of FRP Reinforced Masonry Vaults

Science.gov (United States)

Corradi, Marco; Borri, Antonio; Castori, Giulio; Coventry, Kathryn

2015-01-01

An increasing interest in the preservation of historic structures has produced a need for new methods for reinforcing curved masonry structures, such as arches and vaults. These structures are generally very ancient, have geometries and materials which are poorly defined and have been exposed to long-term historical movements and actions. Consequently, they are often in need of repair or reinforcement. This article presents the results of an experimental study carried out in the laboratory and during on-site testing to investigate the behaviour of brick masonry vaults under dynamic loading strengthened with FRPs (Fiber Reinforced Polymers). For the laboratory tests, the brick vaults were built with solid sanded clay bricks and weak mortar and were tested under dynamic loading. The experimental tests were designed to facilitate analysis of the dynamic behaviour of undamaged, damaged and reinforced vaulted structures. On-site tests were carried out on an earthquake-damaged thin brick vault of an 18th century aristocratic residence in the city of L’Aquila, Italy. The provision of FRP reinforcement is shown to re-establish elastic behavior previously compromised by time induced damage in the vaults. PMID:28793697

Experimental Analysis of Dynamic Effects of FRP Reinforced Masonry Vaults.

Science.gov (United States)

Corradi, Marco; Borri, Antonio; Castori, Giulio; Coventry, Kathryn

2015-11-27

An increasing interest in the preservation of historic structures has produced a need for new methods for reinforcing curved masonry structures, such as arches and vaults. These structures are generally very ancient, have geometries and materials which are poorly defined and have been exposed to long-term historical movements and actions. Consequently, they are often in need of repair or reinforcement. This article presents the results of an experimental study carried out in the laboratory and during on-site testing to investigate the behaviour of brick masonry vaults under dynamic loading strengthened with FRPs (Fiber Reinforced Polymers). For the laboratory tests, the brick vaults were built with solid sanded clay bricks and weak mortar and were tested under dynamic loading. The experimental tests were designed to facilitate analysis of the dynamic behaviour of undamaged, damaged and reinforced vaulted structures. On-site tests were carried out on an earthquake-damaged thin brick vault of an 18th century aristocratic residence in the city of L'Aquila, Italy. The provision of FRP reinforcement is shown to re-establish elastic behavior previously compromised by time induced damage in the vaults.

Experimental Analysis of Dynamic Effects of FRP Reinforced Masonry Vaults

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Corradi

2015-11-01

Full Text Available An increasing interest in the preservation of historic structures has produced a need for new methods for reinforcing curved masonry structures, such as arches and vaults. These structures are generally very ancient, have geometries and materials which are poorly defined and have been exposed to long-term historical movements and actions. Consequently, they are often in need of repair or reinforcement. This article presents the results of an experimental study carried out in the laboratory and during on-site testing to investigate the behaviour of brick masonry vaults under dynamic loading strengthened with FRPs (Fiber Reinforced Polymers. For the laboratory tests, the brick vaults were built with solid sanded clay bricks and weak mortar and were tested under dynamic loading. The experimental tests were designed to facilitate analysis of the dynamic behaviour of undamaged, damaged and reinforced vaulted structures. On-site tests were carried out on an earthquake-damaged thin brick vault of an 18th century aristocratic residence in the city of L’Aquila, Italy. The provision of FRP reinforcement is shown to re-establish elastic behavior previously compromised by time induced damage in the vaults.

Adaptive harvest management: Adjustments for SEIS 2013

Science.gov (United States)

Boomer, Scott; Johnson, Fred A.; Zimmerman, Guthrie S.

2015-01-01

This report provides a summary of revised methods and assessment results based on updated adaptive harvest management (AHM) protocols developed in response to the preferred alternative specified in the Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement on the Issuance of Annual Regulations Permitting the Hunting of Migratory Birds (SEIS; U.S. Department of the Interior 2013). We describe necessary changes to optimization procedures and decision processes for the implementation of AHM for midcontinent, eastern and western mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), northern pintails (Anas acuta), and scaup (Aythya affinis, A. marila) decision frameworks. We present this final report for communication purposes, and acknowledge that any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Direct visualization of initial SEI morphology and growth kinetics during lithium deposition by in situ electrochemical transmission electron microscopy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sacci, Robert L. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science adn Technology Division; Dudney, Nancy J. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science adn Technology Division; More, Karren L. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Science; Parent, Lucas R. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate; Arslan, Ilke [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate; Browning, Nigel D. [Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate; Unocic, Raymond R. [Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Science

2013-12-20

Deposition of Li is a major safety concern existing in Li-ion secondary batteries. We perform the first in situ high spatial resolution measurement coupled with real-time quantitative electrochemistry to characterize SEI formation on gold using a standard battery electrolyte. We also demonstrate that a dendritic SEI forms prior to Li deposition and that it remains on the surface after Li electrodissolution.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Monografi Kelurahan Sei Mempura Kabupaten Siak

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Elvira Asril

2017-05-01

Full Text Available AbstrakKelurahan Sei Mempura merupakan salah satu kelurahan di Kabupaten Siak yang pembuatan an pelaporan dokumen monografinya masih bersifat manual. Beberapa kendala yang dihadapi antara lain penumpukan dokumen, human error, kehilangan berkas atau dokumen. Sehingga sistem informasi perlu dibuat untuk membantu instansi pemerintah terkait dalam melakukan pendataan jumlah dan mobilitas penduduk. Perancangan sistem yang dibuat meliputi beberapa tahapan antara lain analisa sistem yang sedang berjalan; perancangan sistem dengan menggunakan alat bantu pemodelan UML; desain interface untuk input dan output sistem serta desain database untuk pelaporan nantinya. Sistem informasi yang dibuat ini pada akhirnya akan membantu dan mempermudah pekerjaan instansi terkait pengolahan data kependudukan dan monografi daerah. Kata kunci: Aplikasi, Monografi, UML Abstract Village of Mempura Sei is one of the villages in the manufacture of Siak's reporting documents monografinya still manual. Some of the constraints faced by, among others, the buildup of documents, human error, loss of file or document. So that the information system should be established to assist the relevant government agencies to collect data on the number and mobility of the population. System design which made covering several stages, among others, the analysis of the current system; system design using UML modeling tools; design the interface for input and output of the system and database design for later reporting. The information system created will ultimately assist and facilitate the work of relevant agencies and population data processing monograph area.  Keywords: Applications, Monograph, UML 

Detection of the enterotoxigenic genes (sei,sej) in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis milk in the West Azerbaijan of Iran.

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmady, Malahat; Kazemi, Sahar

2013-07-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative pathogen of clinical and subclinical mastitis of dairy domestic ruminants. This organism produces a variety of extracellular toxins and virulence factors such as enterotoxin SEI and SEJ that contribute to its pathogenic potential. In this study 25 S. aureus isolates obtained from four dairy herds of Urmia region which is located in West Azerbaijan province in Iran. The tested isolates were identified on the basis of the cultural and biochemical properties, as well as amplification of the aroA gene which is specific for S. aureus . All isolates were also analyzed for the presence of the SEI ( sei ) and SEJ ( sej ) encoding genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven positive isolates were detected for sei , but sej gene was not detected in any of the total number of 25 isolates. The present study revealed that the PCR amplification of the aroA gene could be used as a powerful tool for identification of S. aureus from the cases of bovine mastitis. Results of the present study also showed that the strains of S. aureus which cause mastitis can potentially produce enterotoxin SEI. Overall, our results suggest that it is of special importance to follow the presence of enterotoxin-producing S. aureus in other dairy products, especially for protecting the consumers from staphylococcal food poisoning.

New tools for scientific learning in the EduSeis project: the e-learning experiment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Zollo

2007-06-01

Full Text Available The Educational Seismological Project (EduSeis is a scientific and educational project, the main aim of which is the development and implementation of new teaching methodologies in Earth Sciences, using seismology as a vehicle for scientific learning and awareness of earthquake risk. Within this framework, we have recently been experimenting with new learning and information approaches that are mainly aimed at a high school audience. In particular, we have designed, implemented and tested a model of an e-learning environment in a high school located in the surroundings of the Mt. Vesuvius volcano. The proposed e-learning model is built on the EduSeis concepts and educational materials (web-oriented, and is based on computer-supported collaborative learning. Ten teachers from different disciplines and fifty students at the I.T.I.S. “Majorana” technical high school (Naples have been taking part in a cooperative e-learning experiment in which the students have been working in small groups (communities. The learning process is assisted and supervised by the teachers. The evaluation of the results from this cooperative e-learning experiment has provided useful insights into the content and didactic value of the EduSeis modules and activities. The use of network utilities and the “Learning Community” approach promoted the exchange of ideas and expertises between students and teachers and allowed a new approach to the seismology teaching through a multidisciplinary study.

Diagnósticos de las apuestas productivas para seis productos del sector agrícola en Colombia

OpenAIRE

Quintero Rubio, Paula Vanesa; Rubio Rodriguez, Juan Camilo

2014-01-01

El documento “Diagnósticos de las apuestas productivas para seis productos del sector agrícola en Colombia”, pretende proporcionar herramientas para el incremento productivo de seis productos agrícolas con un alto potencial en el país, mediante la identificación de mercados internacionales factibles, el análisis de sus procesos de producción y la comparación de eficiencia en costos del transporte de mercancía a nivel nacional; buscando el aumento de la participación del PIB agrícola en el PI...

Influence of Basalt FRP Mesh Reinforcement on High-Performance Concrete Thin Plates at High Temperatures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hulin, Thomas; Lauridsen, Dan H.; Hodicky, Kamil

2015-01-01

A basalt fiber–reinforced polymer (BFRP) mesh was introduced as reinforcement in high-performance concrete (HPC) thin plates (20–30 mm) for implementation in precast sandwich panels. An experimental program studied the BFRP mesh influence on HPC exposed to high temperature. A set of standard...... furnace tests compared performances of HPC with and without BFRP mesh, assessing material behavior; another set including polypropylene (PP) fibers to avoid spalling compared the performance of BFRP mesh reinforcement to that of regular steel reinforcement, assessing mechanical properties......, requiring the use of steel. Microscope observations highlighted degradation of the HPC-BFRP mesh interface with temperature due to the melting polymer matrix of the mesh. These observations call for caution when using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement in elements exposed to fire hazard....

Modeling the SEI-formation on graphite electrodes in liFePO4 batteries

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Li, D.; Danilov, D.L.; Zhang, Zhongru; Chen, H.; Yang, Y.; Notten, P.H.L.

2015-01-01

An advanced model is proposed, describing the capacity losses of C6/LiFePO4 batteries under storage and cycling conditions. These capacity losses are attributed to the growth of a Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) at the surface of graphite particles in the negative electrode. The model assumes the

On the use of Space Station Freedom in support of the SEI - Life science research

Science.gov (United States)

Leath, K.; Volosin, J.; Cookson, S.

1992-01-01

The use of the Space Station Freedom (SSF) for life sciences research is evaluated from the standpoint of requirements for the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI). SEI life sciences research encompasses: (1) biological growth and development in space; (2) life support and environmental health; (3) physiological/psychological factors of extended space travel; and (4) space environmental factors. The platforms required to support useful study in these areas are listed and include ground-based facilities, permanently manned spacecraft, and the Space Shuttle. The SSF is shown to be particularly applicable to the areas of research because its facilities can permit the study of gravitational biology, life-support systems, and crew health. The SSF can serve as an experimental vehicle to derive the required knowledge needed to establish a commitment to manned Mars missions and colonization plans.

Tuberculosis cutánea por mesoterapia, estudio de seis casos

OpenAIRE

Dora Orjuela; Gloria Puerto; Graciela Mejía; Claudia Castro; María Consuelo Garzón; Luz Mary García; Elkin Hernández; Wellman Ribón; Gerzaín Rodríguez

2010-01-01

Introducción. La tuberculosis cutánea secundaria a la inyección con agujas es rara; se presenta en personal médico y de laboratorio, y en pacientes que reciben tratamientos percutáneos. Objetivo. Presentar seis pacientes con tuberculosis cutánea secundaria a tratamiento por mesoterapia. Materiales y métodos. Entre 1 y 4 meses después de la inyección en la piel glútea y abdominal de material no precisado, como tratamiento para la obesidad y la celulitis, cinco mujeres y un hombre desarro...

Subsurface defect detection in first layer of pavement structure and reinforced civil engineering structure by FRP bonding using active infrared thermography

Science.gov (United States)

Dumoulin, Jean; Ibos, Laurent

2010-05-01

In many countries road network ages while road traffic and maintenance costs increase. Nowadays, thousand and thousand kilometers of roads are each year submitted to surface distress survey. They generally lean on pavement surface imaging measurement techniques, mainly in the visible spectrum, coupled with visual inspection or image processing detection of emergent distresses. Nevertheless, optimisation of maintenance works and costs requires an early detection of defects within the pavement structure when they still are hidden from surface. Accordingly, alternative measurement techniques for pavement monitoring are currently under investigation (seismic methods, step frequency radar). On the other hand, strengthening or retrofitting of reinforced concrete structures by externally bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) systems is now a commonly accepted and widespread technique. However, the use of bonding techniques always implies following rigorous installing procedures. To ensure the durability and long-term performance of the FRP reinforcements, conformance checking through an in situ auscultation of the bonded FRP systems is then highly suitable. The quality-control program should involve a set of adequate inspections and tests. Visual inspection and acoustic sounding (hammer tap) are commonly used to detect delaminations (disbonds) but are unable to provide sufficient information about the depth (in case of multilayered composite) and width of debonded areas. Consequently, rapid and efficient inspection methods are also required. Among the non destructive methods under study, active infrared thermography was investigated both for pavement and civil engineering structures through experiments in laboratory and numerical simulations, because of its ability to be also used on field. Pulse Thermography (PT), Pulse Phase Thermography (PPT) and Principal Component Thermography (PCT) approaches have been tested onto pavement samples and CFRP bonding on concrete

Estudo da variabilidade da viscosidade na produção de lotes de tintas : um projeto Seis Sigma

OpenAIRE

Vivian Sebben Adami

2002-01-01

Este trabalho de conclusão tem como tema a Qualidade Seis Sigma e a produção de tintas, com foco no parâmetro viscosidade. O objetivo principal é o estudo da variabilidade da viscosidade das tintas, com vistas à diminuição do número de desvios de viscosidade de lotes de produção e, conseqüentemente, do retrabalho e lead-time fabril. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a metodologia Seis Sigma, suas principais ferramentas, e sobre os processos de produção de tintas, sua...

Dieta cetogênica para epilepsia intratável em crianças e adolescentes: relato de seis casos

OpenAIRE

Vasconcelos,Marcio M.; Azevedo,Patricia M. Couto; Esteves,Lívia; Brito,Adriana R.; Olivaes,Maria Cecílea D. de; Herdy,Gesmar V. Haddad

2004-01-01

OBJETIVO: Descrever a introdução e o manejo da dieta cetogênica em um grupo de seis crianças e adolescentes com epilepsia refratária. MÉTODOS: Os autores reviram o prontuário médico de cada paciente menor de 15 anos submetido à dieta cetogênica entre abril de 1999 e julho de 2003 e compararam os resultados terapêuticos e efeitos adversos e benéficos com a literatura pertinente. RESULTADOS: A dieta cetogênica foi introduzida para seis pacientes, com idade mediana de sete anos (faixa: 1,8-12,2)...

Paul Celan in Translation: "Du sei wie du"

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

John Felstiner

1983-09-01

Full Text Available Translating the lyric poetry of Paul Celan, especially his later poems, carries not only the endemic challenge and difficulty of any verse translation, but the added incentive of doing justice to a writer whose whole recourse after the Holocaust—whose sanctuary, if he was to have any at all—he sought in language itself, specifically in the Muttersprache , the mother tongue that was as well the tongue of those who murdered his mother and father. This essay exposes a process of translating "Du sei wie du" (1970, which perhaps more than any other poem by Celan, at once solicits and defies translation, moving as it does from modern to medieval German, and closing with Hebrew words from Isaiah— a messianic imperative that shows Celan verging as ever on his Jewish identity.

Polineuropatia associada a hipotireoidismo em cães: Relato de seis casos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Patricia Suraniti

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Seis Dobermans Pinscher, entre seis e oito anos de idade, foram encaminhados ao Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade de Buenos Aires. O exame neurológico revelou tetraparesia com incapacidade para andar, diminuição do tono muscular e de reflexos miotáticos em todos os cães. Os níveis de colesterol, creatina quinase e fosfatase alcalina encontravam-se de moderada a acentuadamente elevados. As velocidades de condução nervosa do nervo tibial estavam diminuídas em todos os cães. Os níveis séricos basais de T4 livre e TSH foram determinados por radioimunoensaio e, embora os valores de T4 livre estivessem dentro dos limites de normalidade, em todos os cães o TSH estava elevado. Baseado nestes resultados, diagnosticou-se hipotireoidismo e iniciou-se uma suplementação oral com levotiroxina (T4. Duas semanas após o início do tratamento todos os pacientes tiveram melhora clínica e, dentro de um mês a locomoção, o tono muscular e os reflexos medulares tornaram-se normais.

Mechanical Properties of Steel-FRP Composite Bars under Tensile and Compressive Loading

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zeyang Sun

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The factory-produced steel-fiber reinforced polymer composite bar (SFCB is a new kind of reinforcement for concrete structures. The manufacturing technology of SFCB is presented based on a large number of handmade specimens. The calculated stress-strain curves of ordinary steel bar and SFCB under repeated tensile loading agree well with the corresponding experimental results. The energy-dissipation capacity and residual strain of both steel bar and SFCB were analyzed. Based on the good simulation results of ordinary steel bar and FRP bar under compressive loading, the compressive behavior of SFCB under monotonic loading was studied using the principle of equivalent flexural rigidity. There are three failure modes of SFCB under compressive loading: elastic buckling, postyield buckling, and no buckling (ultimate compressive strength is reached. The increase in the postyield stiffness of SFCB rsf can delay the postyield buckling of SFCB with a large length-to-diameter ratio, and an empirical equation for the relationship between the postbuckling stress and rsf is suggested, which can be used for the design of concrete structures reinforced by SFCB to consider the effect of reinforcement buckling.

Imagen de los Estados Unidos en seis periódicos extranjeros

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Inestrosa

2007-10-01

Full Text Available La investigación en seis diarios extranjeros: EL PAÍS, de España, EL UNIVERSAL Y JORNADA de México, La FOLHA de Brasil y PÁGINA DOCE de Argentina llegó a determinar que EE.UU. es un país en crisis en diversos niveles, empeñado en mantener la hegemonía y el control internacionales. Aborda además temas como la formación de la opinión pública en los Estados Unidos.

Caracterización bromatológica de seis especies forrajeras en el Valle del Cauto, Cuba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danis M. Verdecia Acosta

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Se realizaron seis experimentos simultáneos para determinar la composición bromatológica de leguminosas forrajeras en las condiciones edafoclimáticas del Valle del Cauto, Cuba. Se empleó un diseño en bloques al azar con seis réplicas y los tratamientos fueron las edades de rebrote de 60, 120 y 180 días para los árboles y arbustos ( Leucaena leucocephala, Tithonia diversifolia, Gliricidia sepium y Eritrina varie - gata y de 30, 45, 60, 75 y 90 días para las leguminosas rastreras ( Neonotonia wightii y Te - ramnus labialis , en los periodos lluvioso y poco lluvioso. Se determinaron MS, PB, Ca, P, Mg, Si, FND, FAD, LAD, celulosa, hemicelulosa, contenido celular, ceniza, MO, DIVMS, DV, DISMS, DMO, DFND, DFAD y DPB. Se realizaron análisis de conglomerados para agrupar las especies con características simila - res. Durante el periodo lluvioso se encontraron seis grupos y en el poco lluvioso siete grupos; con los mejores resultados, de forma integral, para la Neonotonia wightii, Teramnus labialis, Gliricidia sepium y Tithonia diversifolia , en el periodo lluvioso; y en el poco lluvioso, para Tithonia diversifolia, Gliricidia sepium y Erythri - na variegata a edades tempranas. Se concluye que la edad presentó un marcado efecto en la composición bromatológica al disminuir la calidad en la medida que la madurez avanza.

The SEIS Experiment for the InSight mission: status and performance expectations

Science.gov (United States)

Mimoun, David; Lognonne, Philippe; Banerdt, W. Bruce; Laudet, Philippe; De Raucourt, Sébastien; IJpelaan, Frans; Kerjean, Laurent; Perez, Rene; Pont, Gabriel; Sylvestre-Baron, Annick; verdier, Nicolas; Denise, Robert; Feldman, Jason; Hurst, Ken; Klein, Kerry; Giardini, Domenico; Zweifel, Peter; Pike, W. Tom; Calcutt, Simon; Bramanti, Christina

2015-04-01

The Insight NASA Discovery mission, led by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, will deploy in September 2016 a very broadband seismometer on the Mars surface, SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure). It is a hybrid 3-axes instrument, which encloses 3 very broadband oblique sensors and 3 short period sensors. The sensor assembly and its wind and thermal shield will by deployed on the Mars surface from the Phoenix-like spacecraft by a robotic arm (IDS). The acquisition system will be hosted in the spacecraft warm electronics box, and connected to the deployed sensor assembly by a tether. The SEIS experiment is provided by CNES, the French Space Agency that makes the coordination of a wide consortium including IPGP of Paris (SEIS PI Institution), Imperial College of London, Oxford University, MPS of Göttingen, ETH of Zürich, ISAE from Toulouse and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of Pasadena. In addition to the seismometer, the Insight payload will also include a suite of instruments complementary to the seismometer, such as a precision temperature sensor, a micro-barometer, a magnetometer and a wind sensor, making it the first geophysical multi-parameter station on another planet. A heat flow sensor and geodetic measurements will provide additional science measurements, in order to constrain the internal structure of Mars. Several challenges have been overcome to design and realize the planetary seismometer, which will exhibit a noise of about 10-9 m/s2/sqrt(Hz) in its seismic bandwidth bandwidth (0.01-1 Hz) for the very broadband component. These challenges include a very efficient insulation from the external temperature variations, and a finely crafted mechanical design to keep the extreme sensitivity of the seismometer, while allowing enough robustness for the harsh mechanical environment encountered during the launch and landing sequences. Also, specific attention has been paid to understanding the various environment contributions to the noise figure. A

Conceptualizing ¬the Abstractions of Earthquakes Through an Instructional Sequence Using SeisMac and the Rapid Earthquake Viewer

Science.gov (United States)

Taber, J.; Hubenthal, M.; Wysession, M.

2007-12-01

Newsworthy earthquakes provide an engaging hook for students in Earth science classes, particularly when discussing their effects on people and the landscape. However, engaging students in an analysis of earthquakes that extends beyond death and damage, is frequently hampered by the abstraction of recorded ground motion data in the form of raw seismograms and the inability of most students to personally relate to ground accelerations. To overcome these challenges, an educational sequence has been developed using two software tools: SeisMac by Daniel Griscom, and the Rapid Earthquake Viewer (REV) developed by the University of South Carolina in collaboration with IRIS and DLESE. This sequence presents a unique opportunity for Earth Science teachers to "create" foundational experiences for students as they construction a framework of understanding of abstract concepts. The first activity is designed to introduce the concept of a three-component seismogram and to directly address the very abstract nature of seismograms through a kinesthetic experience. Students first learn to take the pulse of their classroom through a guided exploration of SeisMac, which displays the output of the laptop's built-in Sudden Motion Sensor (a 3-component accelerometer). This exploration allows students to view a 3-component seismogram as they move or tap the laptop and encourages them to propose and carry out experiments to explain the meaning of the 3-component seismogram. Once completed students are then asked to apply this new knowledge to a real 3-component seismogram printed from REV. Next the activity guides students through the process of identifying P and S waves and using SeisMac to connect the physical motion of the laptop to the "wiggles" they see on the SeisMac display and then comparing those to the "wiggles" they see on their seismogram. At this point students are more fully prepared to engage in an S-P location exercise such as those included in many state standards

Improvement of the stability of TiSnSb anode under lithiation using SEI forming additives and room temperature ionic liquid/DMC mixed electrolyte

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, W.; Ghamouss, F.; Mery, A.; Lemordant, D.; Dedryvère, R.; Monconduit, L.; Martinez, H.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Lithiation and delithiation of TiSnSb conversion anode material • Room temperature ionic liquid based electrolyte • Fluoroethylene carbonate SEI builder additives • XPS and electrochemical analysis of the anode/electrolyte interface -- Abstract: The electrochemical behavior and the stability under cycling of TiSnSb anode for Li-ion batteries were investigated in room temperature ionic liquids based electrolyte. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance (EIS) measurements have been performed to study the formation of surface film on the TiSnSb anode. Surface analysis was performed by a combined XPS core peaks and quantification data analysis, to establish the main components of the solid electrolyte interphase film (SEI). The key observation is that the thickness and the chemical nature of the SEI layer is strongly related to the electrolyte formulation and the addition of SEI layer forming additives. Vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) were applied in order to improve the anode/electrolyte interface. From XPS, EIS results and galvanostatic cycling the role of additives and ionic liquids as an effective stability improver has been highlighted

Lessons learned on utilizing the SEI/CMM in the federal government work for others environment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stewart, A.

1997-11-01

This report contains viewgraphs on lessons learned on utilizing the Software Engineering Institute Capability Maturity Model in the federal government work for others environment. These viewgraphs outline: data systems research and development; what is the SEI/CMM; Data Systems Research and Development process improvement approach; accomplishments; and lessons learned.

Damaged Concrete Viaduct in an Italian Highway: Concrete Characterization and Possible Strengthening Techniques by FRP Applications in Comparison

Science.gov (United States)

Tittarelli, Francesca; Ruello, Maria Letizia; Capuani, Domenico; Aprile, Alessandra

2017-10-01

The “Fornello” viaduct in the Italian Orte-Ravenna highway (E45) is seriously damaged. In this paper, the concrete of the reinforced slab has been widely characterized to evaluate the level of damage and to identify the causes of degradation. No-destructive tests, as those based on ultrasonic waves, as well as chemical, physical and mechanical destructive tests have been carried out on specimens drawn from deteriorated and not deteriorated zones of the R/C bridge decks. Into the slab thickness, the concentration distribution of main anions has been quantified by ion chromatography. Porosimetry tests have been carried out to detect the resistance to freeze-thaw cycles of cement paste. Possible strengthening techniques by FRP applications have been compared.

Combination of acid-resistor and -scavenger improves the SEI stability and cycling ability of tin–nickel battery anodes in LiPF6-containing electrolyte

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choo, Myeong-Ho; Nguyen, Cao Cuong; Hong, Sukhyun; Kwon, Yo Han; Woo, Sang-Wook; Kim, Je Young; Song, Seung-Wan

2013-01-01

Control of electrode–electrolyte interfacial reactivity and the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer is a key technology for high performance rechargeable lithium batteries. Here we present the first report on a promising interfacial approach for Sn–Ni electrode that the use of acid-resisting and -scavenging fluorine-dopant on Sn combined with acid-scavenging trimethyl phosphite electrolyte additive to LiPF 6 -contiaing carbonate-based organic electrolyte improves the interfacial stability of Sn to acidic electrolyte species. As a result, a stable SEI layer consisting of a plenty of carbonate decomposition products forms and cycling ability significantly improves, in contrast to less efficient SEI formation and rapid performance fade for the electrodes without fluorine-dopant or trimethyl phosphite additive

Diffusion bonding of transition structures for integral aluminium-fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hehl, A. von [IWT - Stiftung Institut fuer Werkstofftechnik, Hauptabteilung Werkstofftechnik, Bremen (Germany); Syassen, F. [Airbus Operations GmbH, Metal Technology, Bremen (Germany); Schimanski, K.

2012-04-15

Components in hybrid design become more and more important in terms of their lightweight potential. In this context the demand for weight saving in aerospace leads to increasing numbers of applications of fibre composites for primary structural components. In consequence the use of FRP-metal compounds is necessary. Within the investigations of the researcher group ''Schwarz Silber'' (FOR 1224) founded by the DFG (German Research Foundation) material optimised interface structures for advanced CFRP-aluminium compounds are currently being studied. Within their work the researcher group focussed on three concepts realizing the transition structures: the usage of wires (titanium), foils (titanium) and fibres (glass fibre) as transition elements between CFRP and aluminium. For the connection of the aluminium sheet and the transition element die-casting and laser beam welding are basically used. As a possible alternative to the both liquid phase processes a feasibility study haven been done focussing the solid state processes diffusion bonding. The experimental results show the high potential of this process in view of the transferable loads for integral transition structures. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Liderazgo directivo y desempeño docente en seis instituciones educativas estatales de la UGEL Nº 16 del distrito de Barranca, 2014

OpenAIRE

Delgado Montoro, Elbia Morayma; Rey Morán, Luis Enrique

2016-01-01

La presente investigación titulada: “Liderazgo directivo y el desempeño docente en seis instituciones educativas estatales de la UGEL Nº 16 del distrito de Barranca, 2014”, tuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación entre el liderazgo directivo y el desempeño docente en seis instituciones educativas estatales de la UGEL Nº 16 del distrito de Barranca, 2014. La investigación es cuantitativa no experimental y transversal y su estudio es, correlacional. La población fue ...

Contenido total de fenoles y actividad antioxidante de pulpa de seis frutas tropicales

OpenAIRE

Elizabeth Moreno; Blanca L. Ortiz; Luz P. Restrepo

2014-01-01

Seis pulpas de frutas tropicales de origen colombiano: curuba (Passiflora tripartida var. Mollissima), gulupa (Passiflora edulis Sims), aguacate variedad Hass (Persea America Mill), lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.), tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea Sendt) y uchuva (Physalis peruviana L) fueron empleadas para realizar el estudio del contenido total de fenoles, por el método de Folin Ciocalteu y la actividad antioxidante por los métodos químicos: DPPH (2,2-difenil-2-picrilhidrazilo) y FRAP (po...

Guía de Aplicación de la Técnica de Calidad Seis Sigma en el Proceso de Desarrollo de Software

OpenAIRE

Hinojosa, C.; Monge, D.; Mosquera, V.

2016-01-01

El objetivo del presente proyecto, ha sido desarrollar una guía que permita mejorar el nivel de eficiencia en el control de calidad del proceso de desarrollo de software, aplicando la técnica Seis Sigma, en base a un análisis situacional que evidencie la realidad de las prácticas de calidad en la industria del software ecuatoriano. Los fundamentos sobre el proceso de desarrollo de software, certificaciones de calidad, y Seis Sigma, fueron obtenidos mediante una metodología de investigación ti...

Glulam beams reinforced with FRP strips and their application in architecture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Solarov Radivoj

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper emphasizes the advantage of using carbon polymers while producing and strengthening glulam beams. Due to advanced research carried out in this field, the first application of carbon polymers based products was implemented in Western countries. Structural elements containing carbon polymers, or being reinforced by them, show higher resistance and durability properties, as well as the ability to be produced in various shapes. These features can find best application in architecture so the architects’ imagination in design could be realized. Many attractive buildings were constructed over the last decade, each of them showing exceptional safety, resistance to atmospheric influences, durability and cost-efficiency. Beside application of carbon polymers in the construction of new buildings, they are even more important in the field of historic heritage restoration. The original research carried out on ten samples in the laboratory is presented in the second part of the paper. Position of the reinforcement on the samples was chosen as it would be done in practical retrofit cases. Deformations of the samples exposed to pure bending were measured, so their behaviour in the elastic range could be analysed based on the results. Measured results were compared to those calculated by using FEM model, developed with software package AxisVM. Based on performed analysis, the conclusion was made that by strengthening timber glulam beams with FRP strips, the simple and efficient static load bearing capacity upgrade is gained.

Contribution à l'étude de murs maçonnés renforcés par matériaux composites (FRP et TRC) : application aux sollicitations dans le plan

OpenAIRE

Bui , Thi Loan

2014-01-01

This study, using both experimental and numerical approaches, will help to better understand the behaviour of masonry walls. It especially focuses on walls reinforced with composite materials under in-plane loading conditions. In France, more stringent seismic design requirements for building structures have taken effect. So, this research has been initiated in an effort to define reliable strengthening techniques. The selected reinforcement materials are (1) – fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) ...

Uma leitura walloniana do movimento: crianças de seis anos no ensino fundamental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fátima Bissoto Medeiros Cintra

Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo refere-se a uma investigação que teve como objetivo compreender como estava sendo tratada a motricidade das crianças de seis anos que, com a implantação do ensino de nove anos, passaram a frequentar o ensino fundamental. O referente teórico foi a psicogenética de Henri Wallon; então, apesar de ter focado a motricidade, não se perdeu de vista sua indissociabilidade da cognição e da afetividade. Foram observadas duas turmas de 1º ano de uma escola municipal da Zona Oeste de São Paulo. As sessões de observação, registradas em diário de campo, foram sintetizadas em episódios. O estudo apontou que a escola ainda não reconhece a importância do ato motor para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e afetivo, oferece poucas oportunidades para que as crianças de seis anos vivenciem o espaço físico - fundamental para a construção do espaço mental - e poucos momentos para brincadeiras de ficção - importantes para o fortalecimento da representação.

Social Exclusion Index-for Health Surveys (SEI-HS): a prospective nationwide study to extend and validate a multidimensional social exclusion questionnaire.

Science.gov (United States)

van Bergen, Addi P L; Hoff, Stella J M; Schreurs, Hanneke; van Loon, Annelies; van Hemert, Albert M

2017-03-14

Social exclusion (SE) refers to the inability of certain groups or individuals to fully participate in society. SE is associated with socioeconomic inequalities in health, and its measurement in routine public health monitoring is considered key to designing effective health policies. In an earlier retrospective analysis we demonstrated that in all four major Dutch cities, SE could largely be measured with existing local public health monitoring data. The current prospective study is aimed at constructing and validating an extended national measure for SE that optimally employs available items. In 2012, a stratified general population sample of 258,928 Dutch adults completed a version of the Netherlands Public Health Monitor (PHM) questionnaire in which 9 items were added covering aspects of SE that were found to be missing in our previous research. Items were derived from the SCP social exclusion index, a well-constructed 15-item instrument developed by the Netherlands Institute for Social Research (SCP). The dataset was randomly divided into a development sample (N =129,464) and a validation sample (N = 129,464). Canonical correlation analysis was conducted in the development sample. The psychometric properties were studied and compared with those of the original SCP index. All analyses were then replicated in the validation sample. The analysis yielded a four dimensional index, the Social Exclusion Index for Health Surveys (SEI-HS), containing 8 SCP items and 9 PHM items. The four dimensions: "lack of social participation", "material deprivation", "lack of normative integration" and "inadequate access to basic social rights", were each measured with 3 to 6 items. The SEI-HS showed adequate internal consistency for both the general index and for two of four dimension scales. The internal structure and construct validity of the SEI-HS were satisfactory and similar to the original SCP index. Replication of the SEI-HS in the validation sample confirmed its

Incesto travestito. “Sei personaggi.com” di Edoardo Sanguineti

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jole Silvia Imbornone

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Sanguineti’s “travesty” of Sei personaggi in cerca d’autore makes patent the hidden theme of incest in the Pirandellian play, thereby stressing the Sicilian dramatist’s role as the “destroyer of bourgeois ideological standards”. However, this is not an explicit unmasking, but rather the implicit goal of an intricate network of quotations and cultural references within a typically ‘Sanguinetian’ erotisation of literature to the second power. Incest is thus a grotesque operation of education-corruption, drawing on metalinguistic disquisitions, poetic quotations (Eliot and fragments of pop culture, images from the history of art (Balthus, Dalí, erotic iconography, Tarot figures and the Marquis de Sade’s libertine philosophy. This network composes a mosaic of high and low cultural references, merging with explicit psychoanalytical readings of the plot, which is re-staged through quotations of, and variations on, Pirandello’s source text.

A Workflow for Simulation and Visualization Of Seismic Wave Propagation Using SeisSol, VisIt and Avizo

KAUST Repository

Passone,Luca

2011-08-01

Ground motion estimation and subsurface exploration are main research areas in computational seismology, they are fundamental for implementing earthquake engineering requirements and for modern subsurface reservoir assessment. In this study we propose a workflow for discretizing, simulating and visualizing near source ground motion due to earthquake rupture. For data generation we use an elastic wave equation solver called SeisSol based on the Discontinuous Galerkin formulation with Arbitrary high-order DERivatives (ADER-DG). SeisSol is capable of highly accurate treatment of any earthquake source characterization, occurring on geometrically complex fault systems embedded in geologically complicated earth structures. We then visualize the results with two tools: VisIt (“a free interactive parallel visualization and graphical analysis tool for viewing scientific data”) and Avizo (“The 3D Analysis Software for Scientific and Industrial data”). We investigate each approach, include our experiences from model generation to visualization in highly immersive environments and conclude with a set of general recommendations for earthquake visualization.

76 FR 336 - Intent To Prepare a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) for PacRim Coal's Proposed...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-04

... Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) for PacRim Coal's Proposed Chuitna Coal Project AGENCY: U.S. Army Corps of... Chuitna Coal Project. It is anticipated that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Native Village... the Alaska Surface Coal Mining Control and Reclamation Act (ASCMCRA) permit, which governs all aspects...

TESTE DE CAMINHADA DE SEIS MINUTOS: DESEMPENHO DE CRIANÇAS COM EXCESSO DE PESO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabíola Unbehaun Cibinello

Full Text Available RESUMO Introdução: O teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6' tem sido utilizado para avaliar a capacidade funcional do exercício em crianças. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho no teste de caminhada de seis minutos em escolares na faixa etária entre 8 a 10 anos, conforme a classificação nutricional, com base em dois diferentes critérios. Métodos: A amostra de 226 crianças entre 8 a 10 anos foi dividida em três grupos (eutrófico, sobrepeso e obeso, de acordo com os critérios de classificação nutricional propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS e pela International Obesity Task Force (IOTF e avaliada por meio do teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Resultados: A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade na amostra foi de 42,48% de acordo com o critério da OMS e 38,94% pelo critério da IOTF. Não ocorreram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos eutrófico, sobrepeso e obeso, quando os resultados do TC6' foram comparados, tanto na distância percorrida quanto no percentual do predito para a criança, de acordo com os valores de referência, e também de acordo com os dois critérios de classificação nutricional. A frequência cardíaca final do teste foi estatisticamente maior nos grupos sobrepeso e obeso, tanto pelo critério OMS (p = 0,0015, quanto pelo critério IOTF (p = 0,0160 . Conclusões: Na amostra estudada não houve diferença no desempenho do TC6' entre crianças eutróficas, com sobrepeso e obesas. Porém, a frequência cardíaca final do teste foi significantemente maior entre as crianças com excesso de peso. Os resultados ressaltam que medidas de prevenção, acompanhamento e tratamento são necessárias, promovendo hábitos saudáveis.

Projeto Seis Sigma para a implementação de software de programação Six Sigma project for scheduling software implementation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rogério Cerávolo Calia

2005-12-01

Full Text Available O artigo visa analisar a eficácia organizacional da metodologia Seis Sigma na gestão de projetos para a redução de atrasos e redução de estoques na manufatura, por meio da implementação de um software com algoritmos da Teoria das Restrições. Inicialmente, é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a gestão de projetos na perspectiva da gestão da mudança organizacional nos processos de negócios. Em seguida, são revistos os conceitos sobre a metodologia Seis Sigma para a gestão de projetos e sobre os algoritmos da Teoria das Restrições. Então, são descritos os estudos de caso em dois projetos de implementação do software da Teoria das Restrições, sendo que apenas uma das implementações utilizou-se da metodologia Seis Sigma para a gestão do projeto. Na análise dos resultados, busca-se compreender os motivos de o projeto com a metodologia Seis Sigma ter reduzido inventário três vezes mais rápido do que o projeto sem o Seis Sigma.The article aims to analyze the organizational effectiveness of the Six Sigma methodology for project management to reduce delays and to reduce inventory in manufacture, by the implementation of software with Theory of Constraints algorithms. Initially, the article presents a bibliographic revision on project management and its impact on the organizational change management for improving business processes. Then, the article revises the concepts about the Six Sigma methodology for project management and about the Theory of Constraints algorithms. It follows, the case studies descriptions on two implementation projects of the Theory of Constraints software, in which only one of these implementations adopted the Six Sigma methodology in the project management. In the results analyzes, the article discusses the reasons why the project with the Six Sigma methodology was three times faster than the other project.

The European fossil-fuelled power station database used in the SEI CASM model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bailey, P.

1996-01-01

The database contains details of power stations in Europe that burn fossil-fuels. All countries are covered from Ireland to the European region of Russia as far as the Urals. The following data are given for each station: Location (country and EMEP square), capacity (net MW e and boiler size), year of commissioning, and fuels burnt. A listing of the database is included in the report. The database is primarily used for estimation of emissions and abatement costs of sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the SEI acid rain model CASM. 24 refs, tabs

The European fossil-fuelled power station database used in the SEI CASM model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bailey, P. [comp.] [Stockholm Environment Inst. at York (United Kingdom)

1996-06-01

The database contains details of power stations in Europe that burn fossil-fuels. All countries are covered from Ireland to the European region of Russia as far as the Urals. The following data are given for each station: Location (country and EMEP square), capacity (net MW{sub e} and boiler size), year of commissioning, and fuels burnt. A listing of the database is included in the report. The database is primarily used for estimation of emissions and abatement costs of sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the SEI acid rain model CASM. 24 refs, tabs

Scientific Exploration of Induced SeisMicity and Stress (SEISMS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. M. Savage

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Several major fault-drilling projects have captured the interseismic and postseismic periods of earthquakes. However, near-field observations of faults immediately before and during an earthquake remain elusive due to the unpredictable nature of seismicity. The Scientific Exploration of Induced SeisMicity and Stress (SEISMS workshop met in March 2017 to discuss the value of a drilling experiment where a fault is instrumented in advance of an earthquake induced through controlled fluid injection. The workshop participants articulated three key issues that could most effectively be addressed by such an experiment: (1 predictive understanding of the propensity for seismicity in reaction to human forcing, (2 identification of earthquake nucleation processes, and (3 constraints on the factors controlling earthquake size. A systematic review of previous injection experiments exposed important observational gaps in all of these areas. The participants discussed the instrumentation and technological needs as well as faults and tectonic areas that are feasible from both a societal and scientific standpoint.

Seis nuevas inscripciones latinas de la Muralla de Segovia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan SANTOS YANGUAS

2009-10-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: En este artículo damos a conocer seis nuevas inscripciones latinas de la mutalla de Segovia. Se trata de cuatro estelas de granito y dos bloques de caliza. Estas inscripciones están muy deterioradas y hemos utilizado para leerlas papel-aluminio, en el cual, al contacto con la piedra, quedan impresas las letras. Unicamente está completa, aunque borrada en parte, una de ellas, de la cual ofrecemos el testimonio de dos fotografías.ABSTRACT: In this article are published six new roman inscriptions from the wall at Segovia. They are four granite stellae and two limestone blocks. As all they are very damaged it was necessary to use a sheet of aluminium-paper; when the sheet is pressed over the stone-surface, the few traces of the letters are more easier to be read. Two fotogtaphs illustrate on the only inscription which is wholy conserved, being its icxt unfortunately partly disappeared.

A PREVALÊNCIA DE DIARRÉIA EM CRIANÇAS COM UMA AMAMENTAÇÃO AUSENTE OU INFERIOR A SEIS MESES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MÁRCIO FLÁVIO MOURA DE ARAÚJO

2007-01-01

Full Text Available La lactancia materna es un acto que repercute de forma biológica, psicológica y social en el desarrollo del niño, interfiriendo, especialmente, en la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas como la diarrea. Por consiguiente, se planteó la necesidad de verificar el predominio del diagnóstico de diarrea en niños que nunca mamaron o cuya lactancia fue inferior a seis meses, atendidos en un servicio de atención básica de Fortaleza. Durante los meses de junio y julio de 2005 fueron observados 121 niños, las informaciones se recogieron con las madres por medio de un formulario. Los resultados mostraron que 39,6% de los bebes mamaron por menos de seis meses y que 5,7% de ellos no mamaron. En el contexto de los niños con ausencia de lactancia materna o ineficaz, el diagnóstico de diarrea fue identificado en el 23.6% de ellos. Es consenso de varios estudios que la leche materna tiene características inmunológicas que previenen un brote de diarreas. Así, se concluye que la lactancia materna hasta los seis meses de vida es una acción importante en la promoción de la salud del niño.

NSPWG-recommended safety requirements and guidelines for SEI nuclear propulsion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marshall, A.C.; Lee, J.H.; McCulloch, W.H.; Sawyer, J.C. Jr.; Bari, R.A.; Brown, N.W.; Cullingford, H.S.; Hardy, A.C.; Remp, K.; Sholtis, J.A.

1992-01-01

An Interagency Nuclear Safety Policy Working Group (NSPWG) was chartered to recommend nuclear safety policy, requirements, and guidelines for the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) nuclear propulsion program to facilitate the implementation of mission planning and conceptual design studies. The NSPWG developed a top- level policy to provide the guiding principles for the development and implementation of the nuclear propulsion safety program and the development of Safety Functional Requirements. In addition the NSPWG reviewed safety issues for nuclear propulsion and recommended top-level safety requirements and guidelines to address these issues. Safety requirements were developed for reactor start-up, inadvertent criticality, radiological release and exposure, disposal, entry, and safeguards. Guidelines were recommended for risk/reliability, operational safety, flight trajectory and mission abort, space debris and meteoroids, and ground test safety. In this paper the specific requirements and guidelines will be discussed

Reducción de gasto energético eléctrico usando seis sigma

OpenAIRE

Morato Orozco, Juan Sebastián

2009-01-01

The application of Six Sigma to the models of energy management is vital because it brings a continuous improvement, optimizes the efficient consumption of energy and strengthens the conservation culture. This article shows an example of the application of the Six Sigma methodology in the energy management models used for the “Reduction of Energy Waste” in the Sumicol-Corona industrial park in Sabaneta, Antioquia. La aplicación de Seis Sigma a los modelos de gestión energética ...

On a Stochastic SEIS Model with Treatment Rate of Latent Population

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Shujing Gao

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The asymptotic dynamics of a stochastic SEIS epidemic model with treatment rate of latent population is investigated. First, we show that the system provides a unique positive global solution starting from the positive initial value. Then, the long-term asymptotic behavior of the model is studied: if R0, which is called the basic reproduction number of the corresponding deterministic model, is not more than unity, the solution of the model is oscillating around the disease-free equilibrium of the corresponding deterministic system, whereas if R0 is larger than unity, we show how the solution spirals around the endemic equilibrium of deterministic system under certain parametric restrictions. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to support our theoretical findings.

Conocimiento de seis especies arbustivas utilizadas como plantas nodrizas en el occidente de Guatemala

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José Vicente Martínez-Arévalo

2015-11-01

Full Text Available En la restauración de ecosistemas, una técnica es utilizar arbustos de la sucesión como nodriza. En la parte alta de San Marcos, Guatemala, se ha recurrido al menos a seis de ellos en el establecimiento de pino y pinabete: arrayán (Baccharis vaccinoides Kunth, salvia (Buddleia megalocephala Donn. Sm., mozote (Acaena elongata L., chicajol (Stevia polycephala Bertol, mora (Rubus trilobus Ser. y malacate (Symphoricarpos microphyllus Kunth. Se carece de la documentación de su comportamiento y características que puedan servir para utilizarlas ampliamente como plantas protectoras. En esta investigación se estudió características in situ y reproductivas de estas especies. Entre los principales resultados está que la altura de plantas es de 1.17 a 2.64 m y cobertura de 0.34 a 2.77 m2, con una amplia variación entre y dentro de especies. La cantidad de frutos/planta va desde 90 en S. microphyllus a 59,400 en B. vaccinioides. La propagación vegetativa en campo estuvo entre 48 a 92 %, mayor que cuando se realizó en vivero, donde B. vaccinoides, S. microphyllus y R. trilobus tuvieron mejor respuesta. La propagación por semilla muestra que las seis especies pueden reproducirse adecuadamente. Estos resultados permiten su reproducción en viveros para su uso en restauración ecológica.

Analisis Pola Pengolahan Lahan Basah dengan Menggunakan Traktor Tangan di Sei Beraskata Kabupaten Deli Serdang

OpenAIRE

Sembiring, Yohanes Eka

2011-01-01

Analysis of wet land treatment pattern is tractor’s ability to prepare land by knowing the work capacity, efficiency and fuel consumption. The objective of this research was to know the capacity of Quick Impala tractor on wet land at Desa Sei Beraskata Kabupaten Deli Serdang. This research used non factorial randomized block design, i.e. treatment pattern (spiral pattern, side pattern, middle pattern and alfa pattern). Parameters measured were capacity, fuel consumption and tractor efficie...

Kajian Tanah di Kawasan Penyangga (Buffer Zone) Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Kecamatan Sei Bingei Kabupaten LangkatBerdasarkan Toposekuen

OpenAIRE

Anderson

2012-01-01

Penelitian dilaksanakan di daerah penyangga (buffer zone) Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser tepatnya di daerah Pamah Semilir Keeamatan Sei Bingei Kabupaten Langkat. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklasifIkasikan tanah yang terdapat di kawasan penyangga (buffer zone) Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser pada toposekuen menurut Soil Taxonomy USDA 1998 sampai tingkat sub grup. 950303003

Simultaneous Formation of Artificial SEI Film and 3D Host for Stable Metallic Sodium Anodes.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Di; Li, Bin; Wang, Shuai; Yang, Shubin

2017-11-22

Metallic sodium is a promising anode for sodium-based batteries, owing to its high theoretical capacity (1165 mAh g -1 ) and low potential (-2.714 V vs standard hydrogen electrode). However, the growth of sodium dendrites and the infinite volume change of metallic sodium during sodium striping/plating result in a low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability, generating a safety hazard of sodium-based batteries. Here, an efficient approach was proposed to simultaneously generate an artificial SEI film and 3D host for metallic sodium based on a conversion reaction (CR) between sodium and MoS 2 (4Na + MoS 2 = 2Na 2 S + Mo) at room temperature. In the resultant sodium-MoS 2 hybrid after the conversion reaction (Na-MoS 2 (CR)), the production Na 2 S is homogeneously dispersed on the surface of metallic sodium, which can act as an artificial SEI film, efficiently preventing the growth of sodium dendrites; the residual MoS 2 nanosheets can construct a 3D host to confine metallic sodium, accommodating largely the volume change of sodium. Consequently, the Na-MoS 2 (CR) hybrid exhibits very low overpotential of 25 mV and a very long cycle stability more than 1000 cycles. This novel strategy is promising to promote the development of metal (lithium, sodium, zinc)-based electrodes.

Standard practice for determining damage-Based design Stress for fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) materials using acoustic emission

CERN Document Server

American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia

2006-01-01

1.1 This practice details procedures for establishing the direct stress and shear stress damage-based design values for use in the damage-based design criterion for materials to be used in FRP vessels and other composite structures. The practice uses data derived from acoustic emission examination of four-point beam bending tests and in-plane shear tests (see ASME Section X, Article RT-8). 1.2 The onset of lamina damage is indicated by the presence of significant acoustic emission during the reload portion of load/reload cycles. "Significant emission" is defined with historic index. 1.3 Units - The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in brackets are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health pr...

Unmanned Ground Vehicle for Autonomous Non-Destructive Testing of FRP Bridge Decks

Science.gov (United States)

Klinkhachorn, P.; Mercer, A. Scott; Halabe, Udaya B.; GangaRao, Hota V. S.

2007-03-01

Current non-destructive techniques for defect analysis of FRP bridge decks have a narrow scope. These techniques are very good at detecting certain types of defects but are not robust enough to detect all defects by themselves. For example, infrared thermography (IRT) can detect air filled defects and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is good at detecting water filled ones. These technologies can be combined to create a more robust defect detection scheme. To accomplish this, an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) has been designed that incorporates both IR and GPR analysis to create a comprehensive defect map of a bridge deck. The UGV autonomously surveys the deck surface and acquires data. The UGV has two 1.5 GHz ground coupled GPR antennas that are mounted on the front of the UGV to collect GPR data. It also incorporates an active heating source and a radiometric IR camera to capture IR images of the deck, even in less than ideal weather scenarios such as cold cloudy days. The UGV is designed so that it can collect data in an assembly line fashion. It moves in 1 foot increments. When moving, it collects GPR data from the two antennas. When it stops it heats a section of the deck. The next time it stops to heat a section, the IR camera is analyzing the preheated deck section while preparing for the next section. Because the data is being continually collected using this method, the UGV can survey the entire deck in an efficient and timely manner.

Evaluación estética de seis tipos de coronas para dientes primarios

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Héctor Alejandro Ramírez Peña

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar las preferencias estéticas en relación con el color y la forma de coronas primarias utilizadas para dientes incisivos superiores primarios, mediante la realización de una encuesta a miembros de la Academia Mexicana de Odontología Pediatrica (AMOP. Material y Métodos: Se establecieron seis grupos de estudio con seis coronas diferentes: grupo 1, coronas de zirconia EZ-Pedo; grupo 2, coronas de zirconia NuSmile Zr; grupo 3, coronas estéticas hechas en el consultorio; grupo 4, coronas de fundas de celuloide; grupo 5, coronas estéticas prefabricadas NuSmile signature; y grupo 6, coronas estéticas fenestradas. Se llevaron a cabo encuestas con la finalidad de conocer las preferencias estéticas de estas diferentes coronas, con la finalidad de conocer cuál es la mejor opción para su uso en el consultorio dental. Resultados: Noventa miembros de la AMOP realizaron una encuesta válida, y se determinó que el grupo 4 fue el mejor evaluado, seguido de los grupos 2, 5, 1, 6 y 3. Se identificaron diferencias significativas entre los diferentes grupos. Conclusiones: Las coronas de fundas de celuloide fueron seleccionadas como mejor alternativa de uso en los dientes primarios anteriores, por parte de los miembros de la AMOP; asimismo, se consideró a las coronas de zirconia como una buena opción terapéutica. Es recomendable que se implemente el tratamiento estético en dientes primarios, para realizar un tratamiento integral.

Maneras de ver, maneras de transgredir. Tres modos irónicos en seis narradores latinoamericanos

OpenAIRE

Alarcón, Víctor

2015-01-01

La presente tesis estudia la narrativa vanguardista en Latinoamérica. Revisa a seis escritores de diferentes latitudes del continente: María Luisa Bombal (1910-1980), de Chile; Julio Garmendia (1898-1977), de Venezuela; Lino Novás Calvo (1905-1983), de Cuba; Enrique Bernardo Núñez (1895-1979), de Venezuela; Pablo Palacio (1906-1947), de Ecuador; y Clemente Palma (1872-1946), de Perú. Para empezar se indaga en las raíces de la literatura moderna; se describen algunos de sus aspectos esenciales...

Efficacité du renforcement des poutres en béton armé par des matériaux composites Efficiency of strengthening concrete beams using FRP

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Chemrouk M

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Pour réduire le coût et assurer un comportement relativement plus ductile pour des éléments en béton armés renforcés, l’addition des fibres de verre pourrait être considérée comme solution de rechange, puisqu’elles sont relativement plus déformables et meilleur marché que la fibre de carbone. Dans ce sens, le travail actuel vise à évaluer l’efficacité du renfort externe sur les poutres renforcées par le tissu de FRP (verre-carbone. Un total de sept poutres en béton armé a été renforcé en flexion et en cisaillement, et testé sous un chargement quatre points cyclique statique. Les champs des contraintes et de déformation ont été contrôlés par un système de caméra numérique “Gom-Aramis”. Les résultats ont été analysés en termes de résistance, rigidité, ductilité et mode de rupture. To reduce the cost and to ensure a behavior relatively more ductile for concrete strengthening elements, the addition of glass fibers could be regarded as solution of replacement, since they are relatively more deformable and cheaper than carbon fiber. In this sense, current work aims at evaluating the effectiveness of the external reinforcement on the beams strengthened by fabric of FRP (glass – carbon. Seven concrete beams reinforced were strengthening in bending and shearing, and were testing under four point cyclic static. The fields of the stresses and deformation were controlled by a numerical system of camera “Gom-Aramis”. The results were analyzing in term of resistance, rigidity, ductility and mode of failure

Aspectos disautonômicos da porfiria aguda intermitente: a propósito de seis casos

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Charles P. Tilbery

1979-06-01

Full Text Available Foram estudados seis casos de porfiria aguda intermitente, sendo enfocados os aspectos disautonômicos apresentados durante a longa permanência hospitalar dos doentes (média de 64 dias. Foram observados taquicardia sinusal e hipertensão arterial (4 casos, parada cardíaca (3 casos e depressão respiratória (5 casos. Os autores tecem comentários a propósito da fisiopatologia destas alterações e chamam a atenção sobre o prognóstico sombrio da porfiria aguda intermitente.

Automatically produced FRP beams with embedded FOS in complex geometry: process, material compatibility, micromechanical analysis, and performance tests

Science.gov (United States)

Gabler, Markus; Tkachenko, Viktoriya; Küppers, Simon; Kuka, Georg G.; Habel, Wolfgang R.; Milwich, Markus; Knippers, Jan

2012-04-01

The main goal of the presented work was to evolve a multifunctional beam composed out of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) and an embedded optical fiber with various fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBG). These beams are developed for the use as structural member for bridges or industrial applications. It is now possible to realize large scale cross sections, the embedding is part of a fully automated process and jumpers can be omitted in order to not negatively influence the laminate. The development includes the smart placement and layout of the optical fibers in the cross section, reliable strain transfer, and finally the coupling of the embedded fibers after production. Micromechanical tests and analysis were carried out to evaluate the performance of the sensor. The work was funded by the German ministry of economics and technology (funding scheme ZIM). Next to the authors of this contribution, Melanie Book with Röchling Engineering Plastics KG (Haren/Germany; Katharina Frey with SAERTEX GmbH & Co. KG (Saerbeck/Germany) were part of the research group.

Ethylene bis-carbonates as telltales of SEI and electrolyte health, role of carbonate type and new additives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Huikyong; Grugeon, Sylvie; Gachot, Grégory; Armand, Michel; Sannier, Lucas; Laruelle, Stéphane

2014-01-01

The ethylene bis-carbonate compounds formation is responsible for the earliest change in electrolyte composition which can be one of the reasons for battery performance decay. In this study, liquid GC/MS technique is used to detect their formation in electrolytes based on solvent mixtures of EC and different linear carbonates (DMC, DEC and EMC), after the first cycle in full cells composed of synthetic graphite powder/commercial positive films. These compounds stem from linear carbonate electrochemical reduction leading to alkoxide compounds and can be quantified using a selective bicyclic boron ester Lewis acid as an electrolyte additive. Moreover, a quantitative study on ethylene bis-carbonate compounds for which the generation profile is different depending on the linear carbonate type, shows that either in batteries or in a simple chemical mixture of electrolyte and lithium alkoxide, their formation stops when it reaches a threshold concentration due to the thermodynamic equilibrium. The overall information is useful for investigating the passivation ability and the dissolution of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) that is formed on the negative electrode material. Finally, the passivation property of the SEI freshly formed with four additives - Vinylene Carbonate (VC), Vinyl Ethylene Carbonate (VEC), Fluoro Ethylene Carbonate (FEC) and 1,3-Propane Sultone (1,3-PS)- is studied

Association study of common variants in the sFRP1 gene region and parameters of bone strength and body composition in two independent healthy Caucasian male cohorts

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Boudin, Eveline; Piters, Elke; Fransen, Erik

2012-01-01

has an influence on bone formation. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the effect of common genetic variation on BMD and bone strength in Caucasian men of different ages. Using HapMap we selected 13 tagSNPs which tag most common genetic variation in and around sFRP1 and we genotyped these SNPs...... parameters. Based on the results of the young cohort we selected three SNPs for further analysis in the complete OAS population. To conclude we tried to replicate the results of two SNPs in an independent population of 994 Belgian men. We found a strong association for rs9694405 with BMI as well in both...

SM1.3 Seismic Centers Data Acquisition: an introduction to Antelope, EarthWorm, SeisComP and their usage around the world

Science.gov (United States)

Pesaresi, Damiano; Sleeman, Reinoud

2010-05-01

Many medium to big size seismic data centers around the world are facing the same question: which software to use to acquire seismic data in real-time? A home-made or a commercial one? Both choices have pros and cons. The in-house development of software usually requires an increased investment in human resources rather than a financial investment. However, the advantage of fully accomplishing your own needs could be put in danger when the software engineer quits the job! Commercial software offers the advantage of being maintained, but it may require both a considerable financial investment and training. The main seismic software data acquisition suites available nowadays are the public domain SeisComP and EarthWorm packages and the commercial package Antelope. Nanometrics, Guralp and RefTek also provide seismic data acquisition software, but they are mainly intended for single station/network acquisition. Antelope is a software package for real-time acquisition and processing of seismic network data, with its roots in the academic seismological community. The software is developed by Boulder Real Time Technology (BRTT) and commercialized by Kinemetrics. It is used by IRIS affiliates for off-line data processing and it is the main acquisition tool for the USArray program and data centers in Europe like the ORFEUS Data Center, OGS (Italy), ZAMG (Austria), ARSO (Slovenia) and GFU (Czech Republic). SeisComP was originally developed for the GEOFON global network to provide a system for data acquisition, data exchange (SeedLink protocol) and automatic processing. It has evolved into to a widely distributed, networked seismographic system for data acquisition and real-time data exchange over Internet and is supported by ORFEUS as the standard seismic data acquisition tool in Europe. SeisComP3 is the next generation of the software and was developed for the German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS). SeisComP is licensed by GFZ (free of charge) and

de seis años de duración

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Julián Monge Nájera

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Con el fin de evaluar los laboratorios virtuales utilizados por el estudiantado de ciencias de la educación a distancia en la UNED de Costa Rica, durante seis años se encuestó el nivel de satisfacción en cada curso a los usuarios de 12 laboratorios virtuales. Los resultados se analizan en dos contextos: la opinión del personal docente que usó los laboratorios y los parámetros internacionales de lo que debe ser un laboratorio virtual. La tasa de aprobación de los contenidos, los aspectos informáticos, el diseño gráfico, la interactividad y la eficacia de los laboratorios virtuales superó el 75% en todos los laboratorios. Al no haber diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la tasa de estudiantes que aprobaron el curso tras ejecutar laboratorios reales o virtuales, consideramos que los laboratorios virtuales son una buena opción para quienes no pueden o no desean realizar prácticas en un laboratorio real. Representan además una opción creativa, moderna y económica para instituciones universitarias, tanto a distancia como presenciales, que requieran laboratorios dentro de sus procesos de formación.

Carcinoma de tireóide em crianças e adolescentes - revisão de seis casos

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Daniela V. M. Szeliga

2001-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: O carcinoma de tireóide é raro em crianças, e existem aspectos controversos sobre seu manejo. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar aspectos diagnósticos e de seguimento destes pacientes. Métodos: Foi revisada retrospectivamente a evolução clínica de seis pacientes com carcinoma de tireóide, seguidos em Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediátrica nos últimos 17 anos. Resultados: Foram encontrados seis pacientes com carcinoma de tireóide, todos do sexo feminino, com idade de 4,5 a 12 anos. Nódulo tireoidiano esteve presente na avaliação inicial em todos os casos. A ultra-sonografia e cintilografia com 131I mostraram nódulo sólido e hipocaptante em quatro pacientes. Histologicamente, quatro eram carcinomas papilíferos, e dois foliculares. Todos foram submetidos à tireoidectomia total, sendo que quatro necessitaram também dose terapêutica de 131I devido a metástases e/ou resíduo tireoidiano. Conclusão: Nossos achados confirmaram a impressão clínica de que crianças e adolescentes com carcinoma tireoidiano têm um bom prognóstico, sem haver registro de óbito neste seguimento de até 17 anos. Estes dados estão de acordo com a literatura, que mostra baixa mortalidade nestes casos.

El secreto de mi éxito: Seis caminos para llegar y permanecer en Valparaíso

OpenAIRE

Diego Díaz Rioseco; Pilar Giannini; Juan Pablo Luna; Rodrigo Núñez

2006-01-01

En esta nota presentamos un conjunto de evidencia preliminar acerca de las características de veinticuatro campañas electorales desarrolladas en 2005, en seis distritos de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago. Sobre la base de esta información elaboramos una tipología de campañas electorales de incumbents y desafiantes. La información que aquí se sintetiza ha sido generada mediante la combinación de observación participante, la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas con activistas políti...

Normas asociativas intracategoriales para 612 palabras de seis categorías semánticas en español

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Pío Tudela

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Se obtuvieron datos de fuerza asociativa intracategorial y de familiaridad subjetiva para 612 palabras pertenecientes a seis categorías diferentes. Estas palabras fueron evaluadas por un grupo diferente de personas para cada una de las medidas. Se realizó un análisis de los siguientes índices por categorías: número de asociados, fuerza asociativa del primer y segundo asociados, índice resultante de la sustracción de los dos primeros asociados, porcentaje de respuestas idiosincrásicas, porcentaje de respuestas en blanco o no válidas e índice de la familiaridad subjetiva. Los resultados apuntan a una mayor consistencia interna (menor número de asociados, mayor fuerza asociativa de éstos y menor porcentaje de respuestas idiosincrásicas de dos de las seis categorías (“Partes del Cuerpo Humano” y “Animales” y a una menor consistencia interna de la categoría “Ropa, Calzado y Complementos”. Estas normas asociativas son de interés para investigadores dedicados al estudio de la memoria semántica así como de las diferencias hemisféricas en la ejecución de tareas relacionadas con estímulos verbales.

Teoria das Restrições, Lean Manufacturing e Seis Sigma: limites e possibilidades de integração

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Augusto de Jesus Pacheco

2014-12-01

Full Text Available O principal objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os pontos de convergência e as divergências entre a Teoria das Restrições, o Lean Manufacturing e o Seis Sigma quando usados de maneira integrada para a melhoria contínua operacional de sistemas produtivos. O eixo principal de discussão desse estudo foi buscar identificar na literatura características de exclusão e similaridades entre as três abordagens quando aplicadas de maneira integrada em sistemas produtivos. Para conduzir essa pesquisa, fez-se uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, entre 1995 e 2011, nas principais bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, em busca do estado da arte sobre o tema. Os resultados desse estudo sugerem que Teoria das Restrições, Lean Manufacturing e Seis Sigma possuem diversos elementos complementares que se sobrepõem aos pontos divergentes e que há um vasto campo de pesquisa a ser explorado sobre o tema. Como resultado, o presente estudo apresenta a análise crítica comparativa de 28 critérios relevantes à compreensão das três abordagens assim como uma agenda de pesquisa sobre o tema identificada a partir das lacunas encontradas.

Os seis pilares da autoestima e a integração corpo e mente

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Josefa Emília Lopes Ruiz

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Esse artigo propõe refletir sobre a importância do trabalho com a autoestima como recurso de cuidado terapêutico e transformação na vida pessoal e profissional dos indivíduos. O conceito de autoestima que orienta essa proposta segue os pressupostos de Branden (2002 que apresenta seis atitudes fundamentais que necessitam ser desenvolvidas: viver conscientemente, autoaceitação, autorresponsabilidade, autoafirmação, intencionalidade e integridade pessoal. Se propõe também a oferecer uma proposta de cuidado corporal para o alívio do estresse e de tensões, favorecendo o autoconhecimento e a integração corpo e mente.

Estudo de correlação entre provas funcionais respiratórias e o teste de caminhada de seis minutos em pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

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RODRIGUES SÉRGIO LEITE

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Introdução: A espirometria e a gasometria são largamente utilizadas na estimativa da limitação ventilatória e do prognóstico de pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Entretanto, testes físicos funcionais, como o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (Tc6, têm surgido como complemento na avaliação dinâmica de portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Objetivo: Determinar as correlações entre as provas funcionais respiratórias e o teste de caminhada de seis minutos em portadores de DPOC. Pacientes e métodos: 45 pacientes foram submetidos à coleta de história clínica e a exame físico completo realizado pela equipe médica do Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital Universitário de Brasília. Em seguida, foi realizada a avaliação das variáveis espirométricas, gasométricas, das pressões respiratórias e o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (Tc6. Resultados: Observaram-se correlações positivas estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05 das variáveis VEF1, PaO2, SpO2 e Pe máx em relação ao teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Conclusões: O teste de caminhada de seis minutos correlacionou-se de forma significativa (p < 0,05 e positiva e pode ser utilizado como instrumento alternativo na avaliação funcional do paciente portador de DPOC.

Characterization of Ti6Al4V for integral transition structures in FRP-aluminum compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schimanski, Kai; Schumacher, Jens; Von Hehl, Axel; Zoch, Hans-Werner [Stiftung Institut fuer Werkstofftechnik, Bremen (Germany); Wottschel, Vitalij; Vollertsen, Frank [Bremer Institut fuer Angewandte Strahltechnik, Bremen (Germany)

2012-08-15

Components in hybrid design become more and more important in terms of their lightweight potential. In this context, the demand for weight saving in aerospace industry leads to increase numbers of applications of fiber reinforced composites for primary structural components. In consequence, the use of FRP-metal compounds is necessary. In the context of the investigations of the researcher group named ''Black-Silver'' (''Schwarz Silber'', FOR 1224) founded by the DFG (German Research Foundation) material optimized interface structures for advanced carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)-aluminum compounds are currently being studied. Within their work the researcher group focussed on three concepts realizing the transition structures: the usage of wires (titanium), foils (titanium), and fibers (glass fiber) as transition elements between CFRP and aluminum. For the connection of the aluminum sheet and the transition element die-casting and laser beam welding are basically used. The paper concentrates on the characterization of suitable materials for transition structures. Due to their high strength and low density (in comparison to steel) and the resulting potential in view on light-weight design Ti-alloys were investigated. Because of the increased availability of Ti-wires compared to Ti-foils in suitable thickness the former were used for the basic investigations on Ti-alloys which are suitable for integral transition structures. (Copyright copyright 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Modelo de referência para estruturar o Seis Sigma nas organizações Reference model to structure the Six Sigma in organizations

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Adriana Barbosa Santos

2008-04-01

Full Text Available Este artigo apresenta o modelo de referência para estruturar o Seis Sigma, o qual é resultante da incorporação de teorias que contribuem para aumentar o potencial estratégico do Seis Sigma no sentido de incrementar o desempenho organizacional. Em sua proposta, o modelo de referência engloba um direcionamento sobre certos requisitos primordiais para o sucesso do programa Seis Sigma. A base teórica de sustentação do modelo de referência foi construída a partir de estudos sobre a influência dos seguintes fatores: orientação estratégica e alinhamento estratégico; medição e gerenciamento do desempenho organizacional; uso de estatística (pensamento estatístico; capacitação/especialização de pessoas; implementação e gerenciamento de projetos; e uso de tecnologia de informação. Complementando a proposição do modelo, o artigo traz evidências empíricas acerca da contribuição dos fatores identificados na formulação do modelo de referência, expondo resultados decorrentes de estudos de caso realizados em quatro subsidiárias brasileiras de multinacionais de grande porte. A análise dos dados forneceu evidências positivas de que os fatores mencionados influenciam de forma efetiva o sucesso e a consolidação do Seis Sigma nas empresas estudadas.This paper introduces the reference model to structure Six Sigma. This model is a result of theory incorporation that contributes to increase the strategic power of Six Sigma for improving businesses performance. Reference model proposal points out certain primordial requirements for de Six Sigma program success. The theoretical basis to sustain the reference model was supported in studies about the influence of critical factors such as: strategic orientation and strategic alignment; business performance measurement; statistical approach (statistical thinking; people training; project implementation; and information technology use. Complementing the model proposition, this paper

The Multi-factor Predictive Seis &Gis Model of Ecological, Genetical, Population Health Risk and Bio-geodynamic Processes In Geopathogenic Zones

Science.gov (United States)

Bondarenko, Y.

I. Goal and Scope. Human birth rate decrease, death-rate growth and increase of mu- tagenic deviations risk take place in geopathogenic and anthropogenic hazard zones. Such zones create unfavourable conditions for reproductive process of future genera- tions. These negative trends should be considered as a protective answer of the com- plex biosocial system to the appearance of natural and anthropogenic risk factors that are unfavourable for human health. The major goals of scientific evaluation and de- crease of risk of appearance of hazardous processes on the territory of Dnipropetrovsk, along with creation of the multi-factor predictive Spirit-Energy-Information Space "SEIS" & GIS Model of ecological, genetical and population health risk in connection with dangerous bio-geodynamic processes, were: multi-factor modeling and correla- tion of natural and anthropogenic environmental changes and those of human health; determination of indicators that show the risk of destruction structures appearance on different levels of organization and functioning of the city ecosystem (geophys- ical and geochemical fields, soil, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere); analysis of regularities of natural, anthropogenic, and biological rhythms' interactions. II. Meth- ods. The long spatio-temporal researches (Y. Bondarenko, 1996, 2000) have proved that the ecological, genetic and epidemiological processes are in connection with de- velopment of dangerous bio-geophysical and bio-geodynamic processes. Mathemat- ical processing of space photos, lithogeochemical and geophysical maps with use of JEIS o and ERDAS o computer systems was executed at the first stage of forma- tion of multi-layer geoinformation model "Dnipropetrovsk ARC View GIS o. The multi-factor nonlinear correlation between solar activity and cosmic ray variations, geophysical, geodynamic, geochemical, atmospheric, technological, biological, socio- economical processes and oncologic case rate frequency, general and primary

Normas asociativas intracategoriales para 612 palabras de seis categorías semánticas en español

OpenAIRE

Pío Tudela; Juan Lupiáñez; Ángel Correa; Alicia Callejas

2003-01-01

Se obtuvieron datos de fuerza asociativa intracategorial y de familiaridad subjetiva para 612 palabras pertenecientes a seis categorías diferentes. Estas palabras fueron evaluadas por un grupo diferente de personas para cada una de las medidas. Se realizó un análisis de los siguientes índices por categorías: número de asociados, fuerza asociativa del primer y segundo asociados, índice resultante de la sustracción de los dos primeros asociados, porcentaje de respu...

Teaching with Real-time Earthquake Data in jAmaSeis

Science.gov (United States)

Bravo, T. K.; Coleman, B.; Taber, J.

2011-12-01

Earthquakes can capture the attention of students and inspire them to explore the Earth. The Incorporated Research Institutions in Seismology (IRIS) and Moravian College are collaborating to develop cross-platform software (jAmaSeis) that enables students to access real-time earthquake waveform data. Users can record their own data from several different types of educational seismometers, and they can obtain data in real-time from other jAmaseis users nationwide. Additionally, the ability to stream data from the IRIS Data Management Center (DMC) is under development. Once real-time data is obtained, users of jAmaseis can study seismological concepts in the classroom. The user interface of the software is carefully designed to lead students through the steps to interrogate seismic data following a large earthquake. Users can process data to determine characteristics of seismograms such as time of occurrence, distance from the epicenter to the station, magnitude, and location (via triangulation). Along the way, the software provides graphical clues to assist student interpretations. In addition to the inherent pedagogical features of the software, IRIS provides pre-packaged data and instructional activities to help students learn the analysis steps. After using these activities, students can apply their skills to interpret seismic waves from their own real-time data.

Utilidad del Método Delphi para la construcción de acuerdos en la asignación de riñones de donante fallecido en seis hospitales de México

OpenAIRE

Guillermo Cantú Quintanilla; Alfonso Reyes; Benjamín Romero Navarro; Mercedes Luque Coqui; Graciela Rodríguez Ortega; Rafael Reyes; María José Sebastián; Mara Medeiros Domingo

2010-01-01

Objetivos: Conocer los criterios médicos y su prioridad en la asignación de riñones de paciente fallecido en Pediatría, entre los integrantes de los Comités Internos de Trasplantes de seis hospitales. Valorar si con el método Delphi es posible construir consensos para mejorar la heterogeneidad de criterios en la asignación de órganos para trasplante renal entre los médicos adscritos a los servicios de Nefrología y Cirugía en seis centros hospitalarios de México. Metodología: Se realizó un est...

Pertumbuhan dan Struktur Umur Kerang Kepah (Meretrix meretrix) di Kampung Nipah Desa Sei Nagalawan Kecamatan Perbaungan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai

OpenAIRE

Nafi Sakila; Dinda Ayu Ramadhani; Ani Suryanti

2017-01-01

Sei Nipah has enormous potential for natural resources. Natural resources that serve as the main livelihood in fulfilling daily needs in Kampung Nipah is shellfish. Shellfish (M. meretrix) is one of the shells that many interested by the surrounding community. The purpose of this research is to know growth parameter and age group of shellfish (M. meretrix) in Kampung Nipah. The sampling technique was done randomly (simple random sampling). Sampling time is done at low tide. Sampling was condu...

Evaluación comparativa de algunas características limnológicas de seis ambientes leníticos de Colombia

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Esnedy Hernández

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio propuso evaluar algunas características limnológicas de seis ambientes leníticos de Colombia ubicados en un gradiente altitudinal de las regiones Caribe, Andina y Amazónica. Estos ambientes presentan diferente origen, tipo y variabilidad climática, física y química, esto es una evidencia de que en los ambientes ecuatoriales, como los de Colombia, varían entre sí y requieren un enfoque local enlazado con patrones regionales y geográficos que influencian la limnología del sistema. Los ambientes estudiados corresponden a ciénagas y lagos de inundación de tierras bajas y lagos de alta montaña, los cuales fueron monitoreados en diferentes estaciones y momentos hidrológicos; los resultados fueron analizados en torno a sus diferencias ambientales y tróficas. La ubicación altitudinal y en consecuencia el tipo, origen, morfometría y condición hidroclimática que afecta los seis sistemas promueven cambios significativos en el régimen de precipitación, la temperatura, nivel y transparencia del agua, la concentración de nutrientes, el oxígeno disuelto, el pH, la conductividad eléctrica y la clorofila a.

Open fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) flat plate collector (FPC) and spray network systems for augmenting the evaporation rate of tannery effluent (soak liquor)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Srithar, K.; Mani, A.

2007-01-01

Presently, tanneries in Tamilnadu, India are required to segregate the effluent of soaking and pickling sections from other wastewater streams and send it to shallow solar pans for evaporation to avoid land pollution. A large area of solar pans is required for evaporating the water in the effluent at salt concentration in the range of 4-5%. An experimental study has been made by using fibre reinforced plastic flat plate collector (FRP-FPC) and spray system in a pilot plant with a capacity to handle 5000 l per day, which increases the evaporation rate. After increasing the salt concentration level to near saturation limit, the concentrated liquid was sent to conventional solar pans for its continued evaporation and recovery of salt. In this improved system, the rate of evaporation was found to be 30-40% more than that in the conventional solar pans. The performance is compared with the theoretically simulated performance. (author)

Behaviour of fibre reinforced polymer confined reinforced concrete columns under fire condition

Science.gov (United States)

Chowdhury, Ershad Ullah

In recent years, fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have demonstrated enormous potential as materials for repairing and retrofitting concrete bridges that have deteriorated from factors such as electro-chemical corrosion and increased load requirements. However, concerns associated with fire remain an obstacle to applications of FRP materials in buildings and parking garages due to FRP's sensitivity to high temperatures as compared with other structural materials and to limited knowledge on their thermal and mechanical behaviour in fire. This thesis presents results from an ongoing study on the fire performance of FRP materials, fire insulation materials and systems, and FRP wrapped reinforced concrete columns. The overall goal of the study is to understand the fire behaviour of FRP materials and FRP strengthened concrete columns and ultimately, provide rational fire safety design recommendations and guidelines for FRP strengthened concrete columns. A combined experimental and numerical investigation was conducted to achieve the goals of this research study. The experimental work consisted of both small-scale FRP material testing at elevated temperatures and full-scale fire tests on FRP strengthened columns. A numerical model was developed to simulate the behaviour of unwrapped reinforced concrete and FRP strengthened reinforced concrete square or rectangular columns in fire. After validating the numerical model against test data available in literature, it was determined that the numerical model can be used to analyze the behaviour of concrete axial compressive members in fire. Results from this study also demonstrated that although FRP materials experience considerable loss of their mechanical and bond properties at temperatures somewhat below the glass transition temperature of the resin matrix, externally-bonded FRP can be used in strengthening concrete structural members in buildings, if appropriate supplemental fire protection system is provided over

Global dynamics of multi-group SEI animal disease models with indirect transmission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Yi; Cao, Jinde

2014-01-01

A challenge to multi-group epidemic models in mathematical epidemiology is the exploration of global dynamics. Here we formulate multi-group SEI animal disease models with indirect transmission via contaminated water. Under biologically motivated assumptions, the basic reproduction number R 0 is derived and established as a sharp threshold that completely determines the global dynamics of the system. In particular, we prove that if R 0 <1, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, and the disease dies out; whereas if R 0 >1, then the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and thus unique, and the disease persists in all groups. Since the weight matrix for weighted digraphs may be reducible, the afore-mentioned approach is not directly applicable to our model. For the proofs we utilize the classical method of Lyapunov, graph-theoretic results developed recently and a new combinatorial identity. Since the multiple transmission pathways may correspond to the real world, the obtained results are of biological significance and possible generalizations of the model are also discussed

Solution Améliorée Pour La Détermination Des Contraintes d’interfaces d’une Poutre En Béton Armé Renforcée Avec Une Plaque En Composite. Improved closed-form solution to interfacial stresses in RC beams strengthened with FRP strip

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Tounsi A.

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Le renforcement des structures en béton armé en utilisant les matériaux composites est devenu une technique très répandue dans le domaine de la réparation et de la réhabilitation des ouvrages existants. Cependant, le décollement des plaques de renforcement par rapport à la structure renforcée empêche de profiter pleinement de cette technique. L’analyse des contraintes d’interface joue un rôle prépondérant dans la compréhension du phénomène de décollement. Dans ce travail, il est question d’étudier une poutre en flexion, simplement appuyée et renforcée par une plaque en composite en développant une nouvelle approche théorique basée sur la prise en compte de l’effet du cisaillement. En effet une distribution parabolique des contraintes de cisaillement le long des épaisseurs des adhérents est considérée. Contrairement à d’autres travaux qui reposent sur l’hypothèse d’une même courbure pour les adhérents ce travail propose une nouvelle approche considérant la moyenne des courbures au niveau de l’adhésif. Une modélisation par éléments finis est réalisée dans le but de la comparer avec le modèle analytique proposé. Les résultats de cette étude semblent concorder avec ceux de la littérature et apporte ainsi une nouvelle contribution dans le calcul des structures hybrides. The strengthening of concrete structures in situ with externally bonded fiberreinforced plastic (FRP composite sheets is increasingly being used for the repair and rehabilitation of existing structures. However, debonding along the FRP-concrete interface can lead to premature failure of the structures. The interfacial stresses have played a significant role in understanding this premature debonding failure of such repaired structures. In this paper, an improved theoretical analysis of the interfacial stresses is presented for a simply supported concrete beam bonded with a FRP plate. The shear strains of the adherends have

Estado nutricional de niños y niñas indígenas de hasta seis años de edad en el resguardo Embera-Katío, Tierralta, Córdoba, Colombia

OpenAIRE

Berta Nelly Restrepo; María Teresa Restrepo; Juan Camilo Beltrán; Mónica Rodríguez; Ruth Emilia Ramírez

2006-01-01

Introducción. El conocimiento del estado nutricional de la población infantil es un valioso indicador del desarrollo de una población. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de desnutrición en niños y niñas indígenas Embera-Katío de hasta seis años de edad e identificar algunos de sus factores condicionantes. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en el resguardo Embera-Katío, municipio de Tierralta, departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, en 272 niños de hasta seis años de ed...

Fracture Toughness and Shear Strength of the Bonded Interface Between an Aluminium Alloy Skin and a FRP Patch

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Prashant; Shinde, Prakash Sonyabapu; Bhoyar, Gaurav

2018-05-01

The existing techniques to determine the fracture properties such as critical energy release rate in mode I (GIc) and mode II (GIIc) of an interface between two sheets of same material were modified to determine these properties between the sheets of dissimilar materials and thickness. In addition, the interface shear strength (ISS) was also determined. Experiments were carried out on the specimens made of a pre-cracked thin aluminium alloy skin and a Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) patch. Two kinds of surface preparation of the aluminium skin were employed; (i) emery-paper roughened surface (ERS) and (ii) Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) treated surface (NTS). GIc of ERS specimen was found to be 36.1 J/m2, while it was found to be much higher for NTS specimens, that is, 87.3 J/m2. GIIc was found to be 282.4 J/m2 for ERS specimens and much higher as 734.5 J/m2 for NTS specimens. ISS was determined as 32.6 MPa for ERS specimen and significantly higher for NTS specimen, that is, 44.5 MPa. The micrographs obtained from a field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and the surface roughness test showed that the NTS was significantly rougher than the ERS, explaining the higher values of all the three kinds of NTS specimens.

Aplicação do programa Seis Sigma em uma indústria de abate de frangos - doi: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v32i2.527

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roselis Natalina Mazzuchetti

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Nos últimos anos, a indústria de abate de frango busca fortalecer seus processos, visando atender às necessidades de mercado e, para contribuir com o desenvolvimento desses processos, novos métodos têm sido implantados, entre os quais se destaca o programa Seis Sigma. O presente estudo mostra a utilização deste Programa em um abatedouro de frangos com o objetivo de demonstrar as melhores práticas para a definição e condução de um projeto centrado na melhoria da qualidade dos processos. Para tanto, foram definidos a metodologia e os critérios para a identificação de problemas e a seleção de projetos, além de se ter aplicado o programa Seis Sigma com a utilização do DMAIC em um projeto previamente selecionado, buscando-se demonstrar o desenvolvimento do Programa e utilizando-se mapa de raciocínio. A aplicação do projeto é demonstrada em seis fases, por meio de um mapa de raciocínio para cada fase ou etapa do programa, que detalha as técnicas estatísticas utilizadas até a fase do plano de ação. As fases de verificação e padronização dos processos não são contempladas neste estudo. Os resultados finais demonstram os benefícios da utilização do Programa e a importância da manutenção de banco de dados com o envolvimento das pessoas para o seu sucesso.

Morfogénesis de la fase sexual de seis especies mexicanas del género Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae): Parte II

OpenAIRE

Blanca Pérez-García; Aniceto Mendoza; Irma Reyes Jaramillo; Ramón Riba

2001-01-01

Se describe y se compara la morfogénesis de la fase sexual de seis especies mexicanas de Dryopteris. Las esporas de todas las especies estudiadas son monoletes y elipsoidales, la perina es plegada, de color pardo claro a pardo obscuro, su superficie es rugosa y de contornos tuberculados. El patrón de germinación es tipo Vittaria y el desarrollo protálico es tipo Aspidium. Los gametangios son del tipo característicos de los helechos leptosporangiados. Se desarrollaron esporofitos en cinco de l...

Quasi-plane-hypothesis of strain coordination for RC beams seismically strengthened with externally-bonded or near-surface mounted fiber reinforced plastic

Science.gov (United States)

Ren, Zhenhua; Zeng, Xiantao; Liu, Hanlong; Zhou, Fengjun

2013-03-01

The application of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), including carbon FRP and glass FRP, for structural repair and strengthening has grown due to their numerous advantages over conventional materials such as externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) and near-surface mounted (NSM) strengthening techniques. This paper summarizes the results from 21 reinforced concrete beams strengthened with different methods, including externally-bonded and near-surface mounted FRP, to study the strain coordination of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam. Since there is relative slipping between the RC beam and the FRP, the strain of the FRP and steel rebar of the RC beam satisfy the quasi-plane-hypothesis; that is, the strain of the longitudinal fiber that parallels the neutral axis of the plated beam within the scope of the effective height ( h 0) of the cross section is in direct proportion to the distance from the fiber to the neutral axis. The strain of the FRP and steel rebar satisfies the equation: ɛ FRP= βɛ steel, and the value of β is equal to 1.1-1.3 according to the test results.

Oral Anticoagulation: the impact of the therapy in health-related quality of life at six-month follow-up Anticoagulación oral: impacto de la terapia en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud a lo largo de seis meses Anticoagulação oral: impacto da terapia na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde ao longo de seis meses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ariana Rodrigues da Silva Carvalho

2013-02-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: to study the changes in health-related quality of life from beginning of anticoagulation therapy to six-month follow-up, and to study associations of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with measures of quality of life and general health status at six-month follow-up, in individuals using oral anticoagulation due to various medical indications for the therapy. METHOD: prospective study performed at a city in the state of Paraná, Brazil, composed of 78 patients. Measures included the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale and the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form SF-36. RESULTS: mean age was 57 years (S.D.= 16 and 54% were women. Compared to the beginning of therapy, there was a statistically significant improvement in health-related quality of life at six-month follow-up. Linear regression analyses explained 32% and 30%, respectively, of the variance of the Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale and of the general health status. There was improvement in all components of the SF-36, except Mental Health. CONCLUSION: The use of oral anticoagulation therapy was associated with improvement in health-related quality of life in the first six months of therapy. This study is longitudinal and therefore, has fewer limitations than cross-sectional studies published to date in the Nursing literature in Brazil.OBJETIVO: Estudiar los cambios en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud desde el inicio de la anticoagulación oral y al final de seis meses de tratamiento, y estudiar las asociaciones de las características sociodemográficas y clínicas con las medidas de calidad de vida y salud general seis meses después de iniciar la terapia, en pacientes con diversas indicaciones clínicas de anticoagulación oral. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo en una ciudad de Paraná, Brasil, evaluando 78 pacientes. Las herramientas aplicadas fueron la Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale y el Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form

Detection of the enterotoxigenic genes (sei,sej) in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis milk in the West Azerbaijan of Iran

OpenAIRE

Ahmady, Malahat; Kazemi, Sahar

2012-01-01

Staphylococcus aureus is a major causative pathogen of clinical and subclinical mastitis of dairy domestic ruminants. This organism produces a variety of extracellular toxins and virulence factors such as enterotoxin SEI and SEJ that contribute to its pathogenic potential. In this study 25 S. aureus isolates obtained from four dairy herds of Urmia region which is located in West Azerbaijan province in Iran. The tested isolates were identified on the basis of the cultural and biochemical prope...

Chikungunya en la República Dominicana: lecciones aprendidas en los primeros seis meses

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Raquel Pimentel

2014-11-01

Full Text Available La epidemia de chikungunya en la República Dominicana se inició en febrero de 2014. En los primeros seis meses se registraron 429 421 casos, que representaron 65% de todos los notificados a la Organización Panamericana de la Salud por 33 países y territorios de la Región de las Américas. Esta epidemia se ha transmitido con rapidez en dicho país y ha demandado una intensa respuesta intersectorial, que ha liderado el Ministerio de Salud Pública y, especialmente, el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica y la red de los servicios de salud. Considerando que afectará a miles de personas, el objetivo de este artículo es describir las actuaciones realizadas y compartir los resultados y las lecciones aprendidas durante estos primeros meses con los ministerios de salud y los profesionales de los países de la Región para ayudarles a preparar una respuesta adecuada para afrontarla de forma efectiva y eficiente.

Keberlanjutan dan Perubahan Seni Pertunjukan Kuda Kepang di Sei Bamban, Serdang Bedagai, Sumatera Utara

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Heristina Dewi

2017-03-01

ABSTRAK   Di Serdang Bedagai pertunjukan Kuda Kepang telah lama hidup dan berkembang. Pertunjukan kuda kepang memiliki unsur musik, tari, dan kesurupan. Sampai sekarang kuda kepang masih didukung masyarakat setempat. Kuda kepang ditampilkan pada acara perkawinan, syukuran, sunatan, dan perayaan hari besar. Penelitian terkait dengan keberlanjutan dan perubahan seni pertunjukan kuda kepang di Kecamatan Sei Bamban, Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai, Sumatera Utara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji faktor- faktor penyebab keberlanjutan dan perubahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data memakai teknik snowball sampling  dengan melakukan obse rvasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil te muan lapangan me nunjukkan keberlanjutan kuda kepang dapat terjaga karena masih mendapat dukungan dan pembinaan dari komunitas pendukungnya. Perubahan yang sedang terjadi adalah minat menjadi pemain kuda kepang makin hari menurun. Juga mendapatkan pemain yang mau kesurupan makin sedikit. Untuk memertahankan kelangsungan hidup kuda kepang agar lebih menarik para pemain melakukan penambahan peralatan musik, lakon cerita, dan nyanyian.   Kata kunci: kuda kepang, kesurupan, dan perubahan.

The Smile Esthetic Index (SEI): A method to measure the esthetics of the smile. An intra-rater and inter-rater agreement study.

Science.gov (United States)

Rotundo, Roberto; Nieri, Michele; Bonaccini, Daniele; Mori, Massimiliano; Lamberti, Elena; Massironi, Domenico; Giachetti, Luca; Franchi, Lorenzo; Venezia, Piero; Cavalcanti, Raffaele; Bondi, Elena; Farneti, Mauro; Pinchi, Vilma; Buti, Jacopo

2015-01-01

To propose a method to measure the esthetics of the smile and to report its validation by means of an intra-rater and inter-rater agreement analysis. Ten variables were chosen as determinants for the esthetics of a smile: smile line and facial midline, tooth alignment, tooth deformity, tooth dischromy, gingival dischromy, gingival recession, gingival excess, gingival scars and diastema/missing papillae. One examiner consecutively selected seventy smile pictures, which were in the frontal view. Ten examiners, with different levels of clinical experience and specialties, applied the proposed assessment method twice on the selected pictures, independently and blindly. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Fleiss' kappa) statistics were performed to analyse the intra-rater and inter-rater agreement. Considering the cumulative assessment of the Smile Esthetic Index (SEI), the ICC value for the inter-rater agreement of the 10 examiners was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.51 to 0.72), representing a substantial agreement. Intra-rater agreement ranged from 0.86 to 0.99. Inter-rater agreement (Fleiss' kappa statistics) calculated for each variable ranged from 0.17 to 0.75. The SEI was a reproducible method, to assess the esthetic component of the smile, useful for the diagnostic phase and for setting appropriate treatment plans.

Molecular and epidemiological characterization of staphylococcal foodborne outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus harboring seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, and selu genes without production of classical enterotoxins.

Science.gov (United States)

Umeda, Kaoru; Nakamura, Hiromi; Yamamoto, Kaori; Nishina, Nobuko; Yasufuku, Kiyoshi; Hirai, Yuki; Hirayama, Teruo; Goto, Kaoru; Hase, Atsushi; Ogasawara, Jun

2017-09-01

Staphylococcal food poisoning is the result of consumption of food contaminated with staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced by Staphylococcus aureus. To date, 23 SEs and SE-like enterotoxins (SEls) have been described in the literature. They are divided into classical SEs (SEA-SEE) and new SE/SEls (SEG-SElX). Some have proved to be foodborne-inducible, but others remain unidentified. In May 2016, at an elderly group home in Osaka city, Japan, an outbreak from foodborne pathogens occurred among lunch party participants. Within 2h 30min to 4h 40min, 15 of 53 participants presented gastrointestinal symptoms of vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea. A subsequent laboratory investigation detected S. aureus from most stool samples from patients, several left-over food items, a kitchen swab, and hand swabs from two food handlers. Classical SEs was not detected from S. aureus isolates or left-over food items. From examination for the presence of SE/SEl genes of 20 kinds by PCR, seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, and selu genes were detected in almost all isolates. These isolates exhibited identical or closely related types by coagulase type (type VII), Sma I digested pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST-CC45 lineage). These results suggest that the foodborne outbreak was caused by S. aureus harboring seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, and selu genes without production of classical SEs. Additionally, some S. aureus isolates from human nasal swabs and healthy human feces harboring seg, sei, sem, sen, seo, and selu genes without production of classical SEs were classified into CC45 lineage using MLST. These findings suggest new SE/SEls as a potential cause of foodborne outbreaks. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Morbimortalidad neonatal durante seis meses en un hospital regional en Ghana

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María Caridad Corría Santos

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un trabajo descriptivo de corte transversal sobre la morbimortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales del Hospital Regional Sunyani de Ghana, en un periodo de seis meses, desde agosto de 2009 hasta enero de 2010, con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento de la morbimortalidad de 170 neonatos, que necesitaron de estos servicios en el periodo estudiado. Se revisaron las entidades o eventos clínicos definidos y diagnosticados al egreso, así como la cantidad de pacientes que sobrevivieron y los fallecidos. Los datos fueron obtenidos de historias clínicas y el libro de registro del referido servicio. Los resultados se presentaron en tablas y mediante el empleo de la estadística porcentual. La prematuridad estuvo presente en 89 pacientes (52%, seguido de la asfixia, en 51 (30% y de la sepsis neonatal, en 46 (27%. Fallecieron 33 neonatos (19,4% y sobrevivieron 137 (80,6%. Las entidades clínicas más frecuentes en los fallecidos fueron: prematuridad en 21 pacientes (63%, asfixia perinatal en 19 neonatos (57,6% y la sepsis en 9 (27,3%. Un paciente falleció (0,6% con diagnóstico de tétanos neonatal. La letalidad y la sobrevida se comportaron como en la generalidad de los países en vías de desarrollo

Prevalencia de colonización por Moraxella catarrhalis en portadores asintomáticos menores de seis años

OpenAIRE

Leaños-Miranda Blanca; Miranda-Novales María Guadalupe; Solórzano-Santos Fortino; Ortiz-Ocampo Laura; Guiscafré-Gallardo Héctor

2001-01-01

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de colonización nasofaríngea por Moraxella catarrhalis en niños menores de seis años. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una encuesta, de enero a diciembre de 1998, en 604 niños de la ciudad de México, de entre dos meses y cinco años de edad, seleccionados mediante el marco muestral maestro y muestreo por conglomerados. Se tomaron muestras de exudado faríngeo, identificando M. catarrhalis. Se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria a diferentes antimicrob...

Interim Columbia and Snake rivers flow improvement measures for salmon: Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1993-03-01

Public comments are sought on this final SEIS, which supplements the 1992 Columbia River Salmon Flow Measures Options Analysis (OA)/Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The Corps of Engineers, in cooperation with the Bonneville Power Administration and the Bureau of Reclamation proposes five alternatives to improve flows of water in the lower Columbia-Snake rivers in 1993 and future years to assist the migration of juvenile and adult anadromous fish past eight hydropower dams. These are: (1) Without Project (no action) Alternative, (2) the 1992 Operation, (3) the 1992 Operation with Libby/Hungry Horse Sensitivity, (4) a Modified 1992 Operation with Improvements to Salmon Flows from Dworshak, and (5) a Modified 1992 Operation with Upper Snake Sensitivity. Alternative 4, Modified 1992 Operations, has been identified as the preferred alternative.

Respostas fisiológicas, perceptuais e afetivas de seis protocolos de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade em universitários

OpenAIRE

Follador, Lucio

2016-01-01

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Sergio Gregorio da Silva Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física. Defesa: Curitiba, 26/02/2016 Inclui referências : f. 50-59 Área de concentração: Exercício e esporte Resumo: Objetivo: comparar as respostas fisiológicas, perceptuais e afetivas de seis protocolos de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT, do inglês High Intensity Interval Training) em univer...

Abundancia y diversidad de las comunidades de Streptomyces en seis coberturas vegetales de la franja cafetera del Quindío

OpenAIRE

Flórez Camilo; Duque Myriam; Tohme Joseph; Andrade Eugenio; Corredor Pilar

2000-01-01

Se seleccionaron seis coberturas vegetales de la franja cafetera del Quindío para un estudio comparativa de la estructura comunitaria del genero Streptomyces. Mediante recuento en placa se estimó la abundancia y diversidad morfotípica, y a partir de un análisis de PCR-RFLP del marcador rRNA 16S se estimó la diversidad genética de la comunidad aislada por cultivo y de la fracción complementaria no cultivable obtenida par e...

Crianças de seis anos no ensino fundamental: elementos de ciências em escolas rurais do município de Três Pontas/MG

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Glória Lúcia Magalhães

2008-01-01

Full Text Available MAGALHÃES, G. L. Crianças de seis anos no ensino fundamental: elementos de ciências em escolas rurais do município de Três Pontas/MG. 164 fl. 2008. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação – Faculdade de Educação, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2008.

Fe model predicting the increase in seismic resistance induced by the progressive FRP strengthening on already damaged masonry arches subjected to settlement

Science.gov (United States)

Stockdale, G.; Milani, G.

2017-11-01

In seismic regions, the retrofitting of masonry structures subjected to differential foundation settlements is of the upmost importance. This practice however poses significant challenges, most notably in the consideration of historical monuments where the integrity of the original structure must be weighted alongside public safety. Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs), when appropriately applied, provide the potential to balance this duality of heritage preservation and modern safety. Using an advanced FE point of view, this work studies the seismic response of a progressive reinforcement strategy aimed at strengthening and controlling the failure mechanism for masonry arches that exist in a damaged state induced through a differential abutment settlement. A heterogeneous FE approach of a semi-circular block and mortar arch on continuously spreading supports is examined. In this model hinge formation is obtained by assigning a damage plasticity behavior to the mortar joints. Strategically placed FRPs, designed through the utilization of the Italian CNR recommendations for externally bonded FRP systems, are applied through the Abaqus birth and death approach and introduced to the spreading support model after settlement. Finally, the structural behavior of the reinforced and unreinforced models are examined for a seismic response.

Earthquake Monitoring: SeisComp3 at the Swiss National Seismic Network

Science.gov (United States)

Clinton, J. F.; Diehl, T.; Cauzzi, C.; Kaestli, P.

2011-12-01

The Swiss Seismological Service (SED) has an ongoing responsibility to improve the seismicity monitoring capability for Switzerland. This is a crucial issue for a country with low background seismicity but where a large M6+ earthquake is expected in the next decades. With over 30 stations with spacing of ~25km, the SED operates one of the densest broadband networks in the world, which is complimented by ~ 50 realtime strong motion stations. The strong motion network is expected to grow with an additional ~80 stations over the next few years. Furthermore, the backbone of the network is complemented by broadband data from surrounding countries and temporary sub-networks for local monitoring of microseismicity (e.g. at geothermal sites). The variety of seismic monitoring responsibilities as well as the anticipated densifications of our network demands highly flexible processing software. We are transitioning all software to the SeisComP3 (SC3) framework. SC3 is a fully featured automated real-time earthquake monitoring software developed by GeoForschungZentrum Potsdam in collaboration with commercial partner, gempa GmbH. It is in its core open source, and becoming a community standard software for earthquake detection and waveform processing for regional and global networks across the globe. SC3 was originally developed for regional and global rapid monitoring of potentially tsunamagenic earthquakes. In order to fulfill the requirements of a local network recording moderate seismicity, SED has tuned configurations and added several modules. In this contribution, we present our SC3 implementation strategy, focusing on the detection and identification of seismicity on different scales. We operate several parallel processing "pipelines" to detect and locate local, regional and global seismicity. Additional pipelines with lower detection thresholds can be defined to monitor seismicity within dense subnets of the network. To be consistent with existing processing

Agreement between data obtained from repeated interviews with a six-years interval Concordância entre dados obtidos em entrevistas repetidas com seis anos de intervalo

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Carolina Castro Martins

2008-04-01

Full Text Available The objective of the study was to compare information collected through face-to-face interviews at first time and six years later in a city of Southeastern Brazil. In 1998, 32 mothers (N=32 of children aged 20 to 30 months answered a face-to-face interview with structured questions regarding their children's brushing habits. Six years later this same interview was repeated with the same mothers. Both interviews were compared for overall agreement, kappa and weighted kappa. Overall agreement between both interviews varied from 41 to 96%. Kappa values ranged from 0.00 to 0.65 (very bad to good without any significant differences. The results showed lack of agreement when the same interview is conducted six years later, showing that the recall bias can be a methodological problem of interviews.O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a informação coletada em entrevista pessoal num primeiro momento e seis anos depois, em Minas Gerais. Em 1998, 32 mães (N=32 de crianças com idade entre 20 a 30 meses responderam à entrevista pessoal com questões estruturadas sobre os hábitos de escovação das crianças, sendo repetida seis anos depois. As duas entrevistas foram comparadas em concordância geral e em coeficientes kappa e kappa ponderado. A concordância geral entre as entrevistas variou de 41% a 96%. Os valores de kappa variaram de 0,00 a 0,65 (muito ruim a bom, sem diferença significativa. Os resultados mostraram que houve ausência de concordância quando a mesma entrevista foi conduzida seis anos depois, mostrando que o viés de memória pode ser um problema metodológico das entrevistas.

Práticas alimentares e sua relação com as intercorrências clínicas de crianças de zero a seis meses Prácticas alimenticias y su relación con las intercurrencias clínicas de niños de cero a seis meses Alimentary practices and their relation with clinical intercurrences of children from zero to six months age

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Lorena Barbosa Ximenes

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi desenvolvido para identificar os principais agravos de saúde em crianças de zero a seis meses de vida e verificar a relação entre os agravos de saúde e as práticas alimentares mais frequentes. Foram analisadas informações de 36 crianças, identificadas primeiramente na faixa etária de zero a dois meses e acompanhadas até seis meses em uma Unidade de Cuidado de Enfermagem do Centro de Desenvolvimento Familiar (CEDEFAM em 134 encontros, por meio de formulário estruturado. Houve predomínio de 24 (18% crianças na faixa etária entre um e dois meses, sendo que 15 (11,2 dessas se encontravam em AME (aleitamento materno exclusivo. Quanto aos agravos relacionados aos lactentes em AME, houve 75 ocorrências (40,5%, sendo 33 (17,8% problemas respiratórios, 38 (20,5% problemas dermatológicos e 4 (2,2% problemas gastrointestinais. Portanto, as crianças, principalmente as menores de seis meses de idade, fazem parte de um grupo mais vulnerável, e o leite materno pode reduzir a morbimortalidade infantil.Este estudio fue desarrollado para identificar los principales agravios de salud en niños de cero a seis meses y verificar la relación entre los agravios de salud y las prácticas alimenticias más frecuentes. Fueron analizadas informaciones de 36 niños, identificadas primeramente en la faja de edad de 0 a 2 meses y acompañadas hasta seis meses en una Unidad de Atención de Enfermería del Centro de Desarrollo Familiar (CEDEFAM en 134 encuentros, a través de encuestas estructuradas. Hubo predominio de 24 (18% niños en la faja de edad entre uno y dos meses de vida, siendo que 15 (11,2 se encontraban en amamantamiento materno exclusivo (AME. Entre los agravios relacionados a los lactantes en AME, hubo 75 ocurrencias (40,5%, siendo 33 (17,8% problemas respiratorios, 38 (20,5% problemas dermatológicos y 4 (2,2% problemas gastrointestinales. Así, los niños, principalmente, los menores de seis meses de edad, forman parte de

PODER CALORÍFICO Y MATERIAL INORGÁNICO EN LA CORTEZA DE SEIS ÁRBOLES FRUTALES

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Ricardo Martínez-Pérez

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El poder calorífico y el contenido de sustancias minerales (cenizas se determinaron en la corteza de seis especies arbóreas frutales (Annona cherimola Mill., Citrus aurantifolia Swingle, Malus domestica Borkh., Psidium guajava L., Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D. A. Webb y Tamarindus indica L.. Las cenizas obtenidas fueron analizadas mediante rayos X. Los valores encontrados de poder calorífico variaron de 3,453.49 kcal•kg-1 en T. indica a 4,076.10 kcal•kg-1 en P. guajava. En el caso de las cenizas, los resultados fluctuaron de 5.76 % en P. guajava a 21.93 % en T. indica. Se observó que un contenido mayor de minerales en las cortezas tiende a disminuir su poder calorífico. Los elementos químicos comunes en las muestras analizadas fueron calcio, potasio, magnesio, fósforo y azufre. No se detectaron metales pesados en las muestras de la corteza.

Las comunidades meiobentónicas en playas arenosas expuestas de la costa gallega (NO España), seis meses después del vertido de fuel del Prestige: importancia de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs)

OpenAIRE

Veiga, Puri; Besteiro, Celia; Rubal, Marcos

2010-01-01

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto de los hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAPs) en playas arenosas gallegas, seis meses después del vertido de fuel producido por el Prestige, utilizando el meiobentos a nivel de los grandes grupos zoológicos. Para llevar a cabo esta evaluación la comunidad meiobentónica, variables ambientales y el contenido en HAPs del sedimento fueron estudiados en seis playas intermareales afectadas y comparados con tres localidades de referencia. Tamb...

Avaliação nutricional de crianças de seis a sessenta meses Evaluación nutricional de niños en edades de seis a sesenta meses Nutritional evaluation of children aged from six to sixty months

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Francisca Georgina Macedo de Sousa

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a situação nutricional de crianças na faixa etária de seis a sessenta meses. Foram utilizadas duas metodologias para definir a condição de nutrição das crianças: critérios de Waterlow e a Curva Peso/Idade do Cartão da Criança. A prevalência de problemas nutricionais foi de 42,9% segundo critérios de Waterlow e 35,6% quando utilizado o critério da Curva Peso/Idade. Propõe-se ações educativas para que a família adote comportamentos e estilos de vida visando reduzir os riscos para o crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança.Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la situación nutricional de niños en edades entre seis a sesenta meses. Se utilizaron dos metodologías para definir la condición de nutrición de los niños: criterios de Waterlow y la Curva Peso/Edad de la Tarjeta del Niño. La predominancia de los problemas nutricionales fue de 42.9% según criterios de Waterlow y 35.6% cuando se utiliza el criterio de la Curva Peso/Edad. Se propone acciones educativas para que la familia adopte comportamientos y estilos de vida buscando reducir los riesgos para el crecimiento y desarrollo del niño.This study aims at identifying the nutritional situation of children aged between six and sixty months. Two methodologies were used to determine the children's nutritional status: Waterloo criteria and the weight/age curve on the Child's Card. The prevalence of nutritional problems was of 42.9%, according to Waterloo criteria, and 35.6% when the weight/age curve was used. Educational actions are proposed so that the family may adopt behaviors and life styles aiming at reducing the risks on the child's growth and development

Transformações no Envolvimento Paterno ao Longo dos Seis Primeiros Meses do Bebê na Creche

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Marília Reginato Gabriel

Full Text Available Resumo Este trabalho investigou o envolvimento de pais com seus bebês e com a creche nos seis primeiros meses de frequência do bebê no berçário. Por meio de um estudo de caso coletivo de caráter longitudinal, quatro pais responderam a entrevistas em três momentos: entrada do bebê na creche, um mês e 6 meses depois da entrada. Análise de conteúdo qualitativa indicou que tanto a creche como o desenvolvimento do bebê foram aliados do pai para a retomada do trabalho e da vida conjugal. O estudo mostra a importância de se levar em consideração as necessidades e competências do pai que está envolvido no cuidado ao bebê.

Evolución del razonamiento analógico en niños: seguimiento desde los seis hasta los once años de edad

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Luis Fidel Abregú Tueros

2009-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio es establecer el momento y período de desarrollo del razonamiento analógico (RA y evaluar su independencia y desempeño respecto a la edad. Se aplicó un diseño longitudinal de cohortes de dos grupos etáreos y seis etapas anuales de seguimiento para cada uno (2000-2005, 2001- 2006 desde seis hasta once años de edad en niños de la ciudad de Huánuco, Perú, en una muestra de ciento sesenta y siete niños (primera Etapa y n=121 (sexta etapa. Se administró en forma individual y sin límite de tiempo la prueba de matrices de Raven versión coloreada. Los resultados indican que la evolución del RA en niños ocurre en forma tardía y constante a partir de los siete y hasta los once años; así mismo, que existe independencia entre la capacidad de RA y la edad de los niños. Se discute la importancia del conocimiento en las relaciones de análogo y tópico ajustadas a la edad como el factor mediador de desarrollo del RA.

Transversely Compressed- and Restrained Shear Joints

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schmidt, Jacob Wittrup; Hansen, Christian Skodborg

2013-01-01

Anchorage of FRP strengthening systems where the deformation perpendicular to the FRP material is restrained or a compressive force is applied on the strengthening, seems to provide ductility, increased utilization of the FRP and failure modes which can be controlled through the anchorage method....

Durability of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with fiber reinforced polymers under varying environmental conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Sadani, R.A.M.G

2008-01-01

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) materials were adopted by the aerospace and marine industries, not only for their lightweight and high strength characteristics but also due to their tough and durable nature . As the engineering community has become more familiar with the performance advantages of these materials, new applications have been investigated and implemented. Researches and design guidelines concluded that externally bonded FRP to concrete elements could efficiently increase the capacity of RC elements. Long-term exposure to harsh environments deteriorates concrete and the need for repair and rehabilitation is evident. In order to accept these FRP materials, they must be evaluated for durability in harsh environments. An experimental program was conducted at the materials laboratory- faculty of engineering-Ain Shams university to study the durability of RC beams strengthened with FRP sheets and to compare them with un strengthened beams.The effect of gamma rays on FRP materials and concrete specimens bonded to FRP sheets were also investigated.

Análise comparativa da assembléia de aves em dois remanescentes florestais no interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil Comparative analysis of birds community in two forested fragments in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

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Reginaldo J. Donatelli

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se o levantamento quantitativo e qualitativo da comunidade de aves de dois fragmentos de floresta estacional semidecídua no interior do estado de São Paulo de julho de 2004 a julho de 2005. Para o estudo quantitativo utilizou-se da metodologia de Pontos de Escuta. Foram analisados os índices de diversidade e de freqüência de ocorrência dessa comunidade. O levantamento qualitativo registrou 181 espécies na Fazenda Rio das Pedras - FRP (Itapetininga, 350 ha e 126 espécies na Fazenda Santa Maria II - FSM (Buri, 480 ha, enquanto que o levantamento quantitativo registrou a presença de 73 espécies em 988 contatos e 64 espécies em 1019 contatos para FRP e FSM, respectivamente. O índice pontual de abundância (IPA variou de 0,01 (1 contato a 1,32 (132 contatos, para FRP e na FSM variou entre 0,01 (1 contato a 0,97 (97 contatos. A diversidade do fragmento da FRP foi de H’ = 3,04 e na FSM de H’ = 2,85 onde a eqüitatividade em ambas áreas foi de 0,91. A comunidade de aves nos fragmentos estudados mostrou o mesmo padrão encontrado em outros fragmentos de floresta estacional semidecídua de tamanhos relativos. As categorias alimentares mais representativas nos dois remanescentes foram insetívoras (53% na FSM e 50% na FRP e frugívoras (23% na FSM e 26% na FRP. Dentre os insetívoros, destacaram-se as famílias Tyrannidae na FSM e Thamnophilidae na FRP. Tanto na FSM como na FRP os insetívoros de sub-bosque foram mais representativos (53% e 51,4% respectivamente, seguidos pelos frugívoros de sub-bosque (50% na FSM e frugívoros de copa (52,6% na FRP. A importância do estudo de comunidade de aves esta ligada à elaboração do plano de manejo e conservação das áreas naturais.Qualitative and quantitative survey of bird community were performed in two distinct semideciduous forest in the interior of the State of São Paulo from July 2004 to July 2005. Point Counts were used for the quantitative survey followed by diversity and

Caracterización de las familias con escolares entre seis y trece años en un instituto de educación primaria

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María Stella Campos de Aldana

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: En éste artículo se describe las características sociodemográficas, el acceso a la seguridad social y la participación a los servicios de salud; de las familias con escolares entre seis y trece años de un colegio de Bucaramanga.Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, se trabajó en tres fases con una muestra de 400 familias con escolares entre seis y trece años desde las Dimensiones y Logros Básicos de la estrategia JUNTOS en el programa ISABU en su barrio, siendo la fase A ejecutadaen el semestre B del 2009 con una muestra de 30 familias; la fase B se llevó a cabo en el semestre A de 2010 con una muestra de 67 familias y la fase C se realizó en el semestre B de 2010 con una muestra de 303 familias, de las cuales 217 aceptaron el consentimiento informado. Se aplicó la encuesta "caracterización de las familias". Resultados: Respecto a las características socio demográficas, el mayor porcentaje de los informantes corresponde a los hijos, pertenecientes al género femenino, ocupación estudiantes, pertenecientes en un alto porcentaje al régimen subsidiado; eltotal de la población no presentadesplazamiento, un alto porcentaje presenta alguna clase de discapacidad visual. El tipo de familia predominante es la nuclear biparental, con ingresos entre 1 y 2 salarios mínimos. En los programas de Promoción y Prevención la población accede a la mayoría de ellos. Respecto a los adultos mayores, las patologías crónicas que se presentan son hipertensión arterial y diabetes y un gran porcentaje asisten al programa de riesgo cardiovascular. Discusión y Conclusiones : Las familias con escolares entre seis y trece años en su totalidad tienen seguridad social, conocen y acceden a los servicios de salud. En relación a los resultados se presentan en tablas estadísticas, datos que coinciden con otros estudios similares realizados en el área. (Rev Cuid 2011; 2(2: 105-13Palabras

76 FR 30399 - Duke Energy Carolinas, LLC, Oconee Nuclear Station, Units 1, 2, and 3, Notice of Consideration of...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-25

... using an FRP system are passive, non-structural elements. The use of an [fiber reinforced polymer] FRP... previously evaluated? Response: The final state of the FRP system is passive in nature and will not initiate... amendment fails to contain information on a relevant matter as required by law, the identification of each...

Secreted Frizzled-related protein 2 as a target in antifibrotic therapeutic intervention.

Science.gov (United States)

Mastri, Michalis; Shah, Zaeem; Hsieh, Karin; Wang, Xiaowen; Wooldridge, Bailey; Martin, Sean; Suzuki, Gen; Lee, Techung

2014-03-15

Progressive fibrosis is a pathological hallmark of many chronic diseases responsible for organ failure. Although there is currently no therapy on the market that specifically targets fibrosis, the dynamic fibrogenic process is known to be regulated by multiple soluble mediators that may be therapeutically intervened. The failing hamster heart exhibits marked fibrosis and increased expression of secreted Frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) amenable to reversal by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy. Given the previous demonstration that sFRP2-null mice subjected to myocardial infarction exhibited reduced fibrosis and improved function, we tested whether antibody-based sFRP2 blockade might counteract the fibrogenic pathway and repair cardiac injury. Cardiomyopathic hamsters were injected intraperitoneally twice a week each with 20 μg of sFRP2 antibody. Echocardiography, histology, and biochemical analyses were performed after 1 mo. sFRP2 antibody increased left ventricular ejection fraction from 40 ± 1.2 to 49 ± 6.5%, whereas saline and IgG control exhibited a further decline to 37 ± 0.9 and 31 ± 3.2%, respectively. Functional improvement is associated with a ∼ 50% reduction in myocardial fibrosis, ∼ 65% decrease in apoptosis, and ∼ 75% increase in wall thickness. Consistent with attenuated fibrosis, both MSC therapy and sFRP2 antibody administration significantly increased the activity of myocardial matrix metalloproteinase-2. Gene expression analysis of the hamster heart and cultured fibroblasts identified Axin2 as a downstream target, the expression of which was activated by sFRP2 but inhibited by therapeutic intervention. sFRP2 blockade also increased myocardial levels of VEGF and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) along with increased angiogenesis. These findings highlight the pathogenic effect of dysregulated sFRP2, which may be specifically targeted for antifibrotic therapy.

Tensile and fatigue behavior of polymer composites reinforced with superelastic SMA strands

Science.gov (United States)

Daghash, Sherif M.; Ozbulut, Osman E.

2018-06-01

This study explores the use of superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) strands, which consist of seven individual small-diameter wires, in an epoxy matrix and characterizes the tensile and fatigue responses of the developed SMA/epoxy composites. Using a vacuum assisted hand lay-up technique, twelve SMA fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) specimens were fabricated. The developed SMA-FRP composites had a fiber volume ratio of 50%. Tensile response of SMA-FRP specimens were characterized under both monotonic loading and increasing amplitude loading and unloading cycles. The degradation in superelastic properties of the developed SMA-FRP composites during fatigue loading at different strain amplitudes was investigated. The effect of loading rate on the fatigue response of SMA-FRP composites was also explored. In addition, fractured specimens were examined using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique to study the failure mechanisms of the tested specimens. A good interfacial bonding between the SMA strands and epoxy matrix was observed. The developed SMA-FRP composites exhibited good superelastic behavior at different strain amplitudes up to at least 800 cycle after which significant degradation occurred.

Pengaruh Current Industry Relative Performance, Future Industry Relative Performance Dan Leverage Terhadap Praktik Manajemen Laba (Studi Komparasi Tiga Bank Konvensional Dan Tiga Bank Syariah

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Surya Wahyudi

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif qualitative yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh dari Current Industry Relative Performance (CRP, Future Industry Relative Performance (FRP dan Leverage (DEBT terhadap praktik manajemen laba pada Perbankan Indonesia. CRP, FRP dan DEBT diukur dengan mengggunakan rasio keuangan. Manajemen laba diukur dengan menggunakan total akrual. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan karakteristik data time series yang berupa laporan keuangan triwulan bank (BM, BRI, BSM, BMI, dan BSMI tahun 2004 sampai dengan 2008. Dengan menggunakan regresi berganda dengan taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada bank konvensional berdasarkan Uji Simultan, peubah CRP, FRP dan DEBT mempengaruhi praktik manajemen laba (AD, sedangkan berdasarkan Uji Parsial, hanya peubah CRP dan DEBT yang mempengaruhi praktik manajemen laba. Pada bank syariah, berdasarkan uji Simultan, peubah CRP, FRP, dan DEBT tidak ada yang mempengaruhi praktik manajemen laba (AD, sedangkan berdasarkan Uji Parsial, peubah CRP, FRP dan DEBT tidak mempengaruhi praktik manajemen laba.JEL Classification : G21, M12, M40Kata kunci : Current Industry Relative Performance (CRP, Future Industry Relative Performance (FRP, Leverage (DEBT, Manajemen Laba (Accrual Discretionary

Dispensación de medicamentos hipolipemiantes en seis oficinas de farmacia de Vizcaya

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Burgos Alonso N

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV son la primera causa de muerte en nuestro país, provocando en torno al 40% del total de fallecimientos1. El mantenimiento de las tasas de colesterolemia en valores normales se asocia en términos generales a una disminución de la incidencia y mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica y ECV2. El control del colesterol plasmático se ha convertido en una medida preventiva de primer orden para la cual, además de la elección de una dieta adecuada y hábitos de vida saludables, como no fumar o practicar ejercicio físico, se cuenta con un grupo específico de medicamentos: los hipolipemiantes. Estos fármacos son útiles en la prevención y tratamiento de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, constituyendo el grupo de fármacos que más coste supone al Sistema Nacional de Salud. Su prescripción ha sufrido un aumento importante en los últimos años debido probablemente al sobrepeso, sedentarismo y aumento de la esperanza de vida en los países industrializados. El objetivo de nuestro estudio ha sido conocer las características del consumo de fármacos hipolipemiantes mediante encuestas a los pacientes en seis farmacias comunitarias en la provincia de Vizcaya.

Influência regional no consumo precoce de alimentos diferentes do leite materno em menores de seis meses residentes nas capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal

OpenAIRE

Saldiva,Silvia Regina Dias Medici; Venancio,Sonia Isoyama; Gouveia,Ana Gabriela Cepeda; Castro,Ana Lucia da Silva; Escuder,Maria Mercedes Loureiro; Giugliani,Elsa Regina Justo

2011-01-01

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência regional no consumo precoce de alimentos diferentes do leite materno em menores de seis meses residentes nas capitais brasileiras. Analisaram-se dados de 18.929 crianças da II Pesquisa de Prevalência de Aleitamento Materno nas Capitais Brasileiras - 2008. As frequências do consumo de chá, sucos, leite artificial e mingau/papa foram calculadas para as capitais das cinco regiões brasileiras. Curvas do consumo foram obtidas pela análise de logitos e estimativas ...

Bonding techniques for flexural strengthening of R.C. beams using CFRP laminates

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Alaa Morsy

2013-09-01

Full Text Available This paper presents an experimental study of an alternative method of attaching FRP laminates to reinforced concrete beams by the way of fasting steel rivets through the FRP laminate and concrete substrate. Five full scale R.C. beams were casted and strengthened in flexural using FRP laminate bonded with conventional epoxy and compared with other beams strengthened with FRP laminate and bonded with fastener “steel rivets” of 50 mm length and 10 mm diameter. Based on experimental evidence the beam strengthened with conventional bonding methods failed due to de-bonding with about 13% increase over the un-strengthened beam. On the other hand, the beams strengthened with FRP laminate and bonded by four steel fastener rivets only failed by de-bonding also but at higher flexural capacity with increase 19% over the un-strengthened beam.

Incremental dynamic analysis of concrete moment resisting frames reinforced with shape memory composite bars

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zafar, Adeel; Andrawes, Bassem

2012-01-01

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars have been used in concrete structures as an alternative to conventional steel reinforcement, in order to overcome corrosion problems. However, due to the linear behavior of the commonly used reinforcing fibers, they are not considered in structures which require ductility and damping characteristics. The use of superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers with their nonlinear elastic behavior as reinforcement in the composite could potentially provide a solution for this problem. Small diameter SMA wires are coupled with polymer matrix to produce SMA–FRP composite, which is sought in this research as reinforcing bars. SMA–FRP bars are sought in this study to enhance the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) moment resisting frames (MRFs) in terms of reducing their residual inter-story drifts while still maintaining the elastic characteristics associated with conventional FRP. Three story one bay and six story two bay RC MRF prototype structures are designed with steel, SMA–FRP and glass–FRP reinforcement. The incremental dynamic analysis technique is used to investigate the behaviors of the two frames with the three different reinforcement types under a suite of ground motion records. It is found that the frames with SMA–FRP composite reinforcement exhibit higher performance levels including lower residual inter-story drifts, high energy dissipation and thus lower damage, which are important for structures in highly seismic zones. (paper)

Avaliação de seis testes sorológicos no diagnóstico da brucelose bubalina

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Molnár László

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Foram examinados 440 soros bubalinos, selecionados em um outro exame de cerca de 1200 amostras sangüíneas. Utilizaram-se seis diferentes testes sorológicos para o exame dessas amostras: dois de aglutinação, dois de ELISA indireto e dois de ELISA competitivo. Os animais positivos no ELISA competitivo da FAO/IAEA foram considerados como infectados, e a comparação com os resultados dos outros testes aconteceu neste sentido. A sensibilidade relativa foi de 100%, 98,57%, 97,14%, 91,42% e 79,28%, e a especificidade relativa de 99,33%, 97,33%, 95,66%, 94,00% e 86,33% nas provas de ELISA competitivo, ELISA indireto com conjugado antibovino de cadeia leve (anticorpo monoclonal com HRPO, ELISA indireto com conjugado contra IgG bovino total, teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado e aglutinação rápida, respectivamente. Discute-se o valor dos diferentes testes sorológicos no diagnóstico da brucelose.

Hubungan Karakteristik, Personal Hygine Ibu, dan Kondisi Sanitasi Jamban Dengan Kejadian Diare Pada Balita di Desa Sei Dua Hulu Kecamatan Simpang Empat Kabupaten asahan Tahun 2014

OpenAIRE

Saragi, Muhammad Sutan Reza

2016-01-01

Diarrhea is one kind of disease that still become a health problem in Indonesia. Its prevalence and mortality rate are still high, especially among the children under five years. The incidence among the children under five years old in Sei Dua village in 2011 was 179 cases. The poverty, lack of personal hygiene and environment are factors for diarrhea among children under five years. This study aims to determine the relationship between characteristics, personal hygine, latrines and sanita...

Desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento inferencial y comprensión de lectura en niños de tres a seis años

OpenAIRE

Lina Gil Chaves; Rita Flórez Romero

2013-01-01

Esta investigación, enmarcada en el grupo de investigación “Cognición y lenguaje en la infancia”, describe las habilidades de pensamiento inferen- cial y las habilidades de compresión de lectura en niños de nivel preescolar y establecer relaciones entre ambos. Se diseñaron dos grupos de tareas para identificar las habilidades en estas dos áreas (uno por cada área) y se observaron sus relaciones con el género, la edad y el nivel socioeconómico en 120 niños de tres a seis años, pertenecientes a...

Experimental Investigation for Tensile Performance of GFRP-Steel Hybridized Rebar

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Dong-Woo Seo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Tensile performance of the recently developed “FRP Hybrid Bar” at Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT is experimentally evaluated by the authors. FRP Hybrid Bar is introduced to overcome the low elastic modulus of the existing GFRP bars to be used as a structural member in reinforced concrete structures. The concept of material hybridization is applied to increase elastic modulus of GFRP bars by using steel. This hybridized GFRP bar can be used in concrete structures as a flexural reinforcement with a sufficient level of elastic modulus. In order to verify the effect of material hybridization on tensile properties, tensile tests are conducted. The test results for both FRP Hybrid Bar and the existing GFRP bars are compared. The results indicate that the elastic modulus of FRP Hybrid Bar can be enhanced by up to approximately 250 percent by the material hybridization with a sufficient tensile strength. To ensure the long-term durability of FRP Hybrid Bar to corrosion resistance, the individual and combined effects of environmental conditions on FRP Hybrid Bar itself as well as on the interface between rebar and concrete are currently under investigation.

Highly radioresistant aramid fiber as a concrete-reinforcing material. Development of reinforced compound materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Udagawa, Akira; Moriya, Toshio.

1997-01-01

Nuclear installations, such as nuclear fusion reactor always receive strong influence from magnetic field. There, stray current is induced by the changes in magnetic fields among iron rods of the construction, resulting that the plasma control magnetic field might be disturbed. As the countermeasures for these troubles, iron rods mixed with non-magnetic Mn-steel have been used in JAERI, but it is insufficient to completely prevent such electromagnetic damages. Thus, aramid fiber reinforced plastics (ArFRP) was paid an attention as a concrete-reinforcing material. JAERI has been attempting to develop a radioresistant ArFRP jointly with Mitsui Construction Co., Ltd. and a highly efficient producing process of ArFRP was developed. The product had superior properties in respects of radioresistancy, heat-resistancy and durability. The properties of newly developed ArFRP rods were compared with those of the conventional ArFRP and iron rods. (M.N.)

The Modeling of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Its acidic/alkaline Corrosion Mechanism Analysis

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Qin Liping

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In this study, the overall property of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP was researched. It is currently widely used in all areas, mainly in civil engineering. The huge need of this material drives the research of its mechanical property and corrosion mechanism. It is proven that the FRP can significantly strengthen the whole structure due to the support of fiber. And by applying osmosis hypothesis into the explanation of corrosion of FRP, we concluded that its corrosion rate is much slower than common materials, like steel. Generally, based on these conclusions, FRP is suitable for most of the facilities in civil engineering.

Environmental stress-corrosion cracking of fiberglass: Lessons learned from failures in the chemical industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Myers, T.J.; Kytoemaa, H.K.; Smith, T.R.

2007-01-01

Fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) composite materials are often used to construct tanks, piping, scrubbers, beams, grating, and other components for use in corrosive environments. While FRP typically offers superior and cost effective corrosion resistance relative to other construction materials, the glass fibers traditionally used to provide the structural strength of the FRP can be susceptible to attack by the corrosive environment. The structural integrity of traditional FRP components in corrosive environments is usually dependent on the integrity of a corrosion-resistant barrier, such as a resin-rich layer containing corrosion resistant glass fibers. Without adequate protection, FRP components can fail under loads well below their design by an environmental stress-corrosion cracking (ESCC) mechanism when simultaneously exposed to mechanical stress and a corrosive chemical environment. Failure of these components can result in significant releases of hazardous substances into plants and the environment. In this paper, we present two case studies where fiberglass components failed due to ESCC at small chemical manufacturing facilities. As is often typical, the small chemical manufacturing facilities relied largely on FRP component suppliers to determine materials appropriate for the specific process environment and to repair damaged in-service components. We discuss the lessons learned from these incidents and precautions companies should take when interfacing with suppliers and other parties during the specification, design, construction, and repair of FRP components in order to prevent similar failures and chemical releases from occurring in the future

Performance of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Beam Column Joint: A Critical Review

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Md Rashedul Kabir

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Large residual strain in reinforced concrete structures after a seismic event is a major concern for structural safety and serviceability. Alternative reinforcement materials like fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP have been widely used to mitigate corrosion problems associated with steel. Low modulus of elasticity and brittle behavior compared to steel has made the use of FRP unsuitable in seismic resistant strictures. A combination of steel-FRP reinforcement configuration can address the problem of corrosion. Therefore, introducing a material that shows strong post elastic behavior without any decay due to corrosion is in demand. Shape memory alloy (SMA, a novel material, is highly corrosion resistive and shows super elastic property. Coupling SMA with FRP or steel in the plastic hinge region allows the structure to undergo large deformations, but regains its original shape upon unloading. In this study, the performance characteristics of four previously tested beam-column joints reinforced with different configurations (steel, SMA/steel, glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP and SMA/FRP are compared to assess their capacity to endure extreme loading. Experimental results are scrutinized to compare the behavior of these specimens in terms of load-story drift and energy dissipation capacity. SMA/FRP and SMA/Steel couples have been found to be an acceptable approach to reduce residual deformation in beam-column joints with adequate energy dissipation capacity. However, SMA/FRP is superior to SMA/Steel concerning to the corrosion issue in steel.

Uso de medicamentos por gestantes em seis cidades brasileiras

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Mengue Sotero S

2001-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Descrever os medicamentos utilizados por gestantes que fizeram o pré-natal em serviços do SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde em cidades brasileiras. MÉTODOS: Utilizando-se um questionário estruturado, foram entrevistadas 5.564 gestantes entre a 21ª e a 28ª semanas de gravidez, que se apresentaram para consulta em serviço de pré-natal do SUS em seis grandes cidades brasileiras. As perguntas foram agrupadas em "uso orientado" para dor, cólica, enjôo, tosse e outros e em "medicamento orientado" para vitamina, ferro e flúor. Foi adotada a classificação de risco do FDA (Food and Drug Administration, entre 1991 e 1995. RESULTADOS: Do total de 5.564, 4.614 (83,8% das gestantes usaram pelo menos um medicamento durante a gestação, somando 9.556 medicamentos. Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram as vitaminas associadas a antianêmicos (33,5%, os medicamentos que atuam sobre o aparelho digestivo (31,3%, os analgésicos/antiinflamatórios (22,2%, os antianêmicos (19,8% e os antimicrobianos (11,1%. Quanto à classificação de risco para a gestação, 3.243 (34,0% foram incluídos na categoria A, 1.923 (22,6% na categoria B, 3.798 (39,7% na categoria C, 289 (3,0% na categoria D e 55 (0,6% na categoria X. CONCLUSÕES: Foram observadas grandes variações quanto ao uso de medicamentos, principalmente antianêmicos e vitaminas associadas a antianêmicos, entre as várias cidades estudadas, mostrando a ausência de um padrão nacional quanto ao uso desses medicamentos na gestação. Para uma proporção de 12,9% dos medicamentos utilizados, não foi localizada qualquer informação na literatura sobre a segurança para o uso durante a gestação. Essa proporção, somada aos 26,9% dos medicamentos classificados no grupo "C", mostra que 40% do uso de medicamentos na gestação são feitos sem bases definidas de segurança. Entretanto, medicamentos claramente contra-indicados durante a gestação corresponderam a apenas 3% dos 9

Estudio comparativo de seis dominios científicos nacionales

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Espinosa-Calvo, M.ª Eugenia

2009-09-01

Full Text Available This work analyses the area of materials science. Materials science has existed since the earliest civilizations. The development and evolution of societies has been intimately linked to the ability of their members to produce and shape materials to meet their needs. However, materials science has only recently been established as a recognised academic discipline, a consequence of the agglomeration of different areas of science. The citation habits and scientograms associated with this field could therefore be related to the scientific tradition and culture of each country. In this study, the citation networks of six of the most developed countries in the year 2002 were examined using a new technique that graphically represents these networks as scientograms. The technique makes use of cocitation between topic categories of the JCR to generate a network of categories which is graphically represented. The scientograms obtained, which represent the citation networks of each country examined, reflect the cultures of the different nations studied.

En este trabajo se analiza la clase Ciencia de los Materiales presente desde las civilizaciones más antiguas ya que el desarrollo y la evolución de las sociedades siempre han estado íntimamente vinculados a la capacidad que han tenido sus miembros para producir y conformar los materiales necesarios para satisfacer sus necesidades, pero como disciplina se ha establecido de manera muy reciente por la aglomeración de distintas categorías científicas pertenecientes a otras áreas. Por los que los hábitos de citación y los scientogramas podrían estar relacionados con la tradición y cultura de la ciencia existente en cada país en el año estudiado. Para realizar el estudio hemos utilizado las redes de citación de seis de los países más desarrollados en el año 2002, utilizando una técnica novedosa que las representa gráficamente mediante unos gráficos denominados scientogramas. Esta t

Gobierno y gestión de los servicios del agua en seis ciudades fronterizas, México-Estados Unidos

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María Eugenia González Ávila

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Académicos de El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, de la región noreste de México, sintetizan y reflexionan sobre algunos hallazgos de la investigación sobre la gestión de los servicios de agua en tres ciudades de la frontera norte de México y sus contrapartes estadounidenses. En su análisis observaron dos ejes principales: político y medioambiental. Los investigadores indagaron sobre la gestión de los organismos operadores de agua, con el objetivo de comparar y analizar las formas de gestión local del servicio público de agua potable en las seis ciudades, y hallar las mejores prácticas de gestión, para darlas a conocer como experiencias de gobierno. Aquí se exponen los hallazgos, con énfasis en el proceso de tratamiento de calidad del agua y capacidad técnica del personal, para la parte binacional se consideró el método comparativo.

Evaluation and economics aspects of the lying of rare earth and iron-alloys in the Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex-Amazonas-Brazil

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wetterle Bonow, C. de; Issler, R.S.

1980-01-01

New data on rare earth mineralization and iron-alloys as well as other rare elements in the Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex are described. Drilling and field work data have permited to define in surface, subsidence zones (subsurface collapses), in the interval of 14.65 to 73.10 meters depth a carbonaceous clay sequence, sapropelic, neogenic, highly enriched in Re, Nb, Th, V, Zn and Be as well as Sc, Y, Ga, Co and Sn as by-products were detected. Sedimentogenic aspects of the enrichment of detect elements, the scintillometric survey, the reserve calculation, the detected elements, the by-products and the complementary study for the deposit are discussed and finaly a value of US$ 6.7 x 10 9 is estimated for the detect deposit. (Author) [pt

Du texte à l'œuvre : L'édition commentée du Livre-oreiller de Sei Shônagon par Kitamura Kigin (1674)

OpenAIRE

Lesigne-Audoly , Evelyne ,

2013-01-01

This research is about The Spring Dawn Commentary, a commentary edition of The Pillow Book (Makura no sôshi 枕草子 ; c. 1000), written by Kitamura Kigin 北村季吟 in 1674.The Pillow Book is both atypical and heterogeneous. Atypical in that it is not readily comparable to other texts of the same era. Being heterogeneous, it evades attempts to characterize in one single definition all what it is composed of. The life of the author, known as “Sei Shônagon” 清少納言, remains obscure, and ancient manuscripts ...

La voz de los estudiantes de primer año en seis países: evaluación de sus experiencias en estudios superiores científico-técnicos

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Ángel Vázquez-Alonso

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Resumen Este estudio analiza la valoración de los estudiantes de seis países latinos sobre sus experiencias de primer año en educación superior de ciencias, tecnologías, ingenierías y matemáticas (CTIM. El objetivo es ofrecer pruebas empíricas sobre la importancia de distintos factores determinantes de la permanencia en los cursos universitarios de CTIM. Los estudiantes respondieron el cuestionario del proyecto Interés y Reclutamiento en Ciencia (IRIS; se presentan las respuestas relativas a las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre experiencias, expectativas cumplidas y valoración de resultados académicos. Se identifican los factores más y menos importantes, los perfiles nacionales de los seis países y las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres; aparecen muchas diferencias significativas entre países y algunas diferencias entre hombres y mujeres . Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para orientar las políticas institucionales que mejoren el reclutamiento, la retención (evitación del abandono y la equidad de género en los cursos CTIM.

CODIFICATION OF FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE PIPING

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rawls, G.

2012-10-10

The goal of the overall project is to successfully adapt spoolable FRP currently used in the oil industry for use in hydrogen pipelines. The use of FRP materials for hydrogen service will rely on the demonstrated compatibility of these materials for pipeline service environments and operating conditions. The ability of the polymer piping to withstand degradation while in service, and development of the tools and data required for life management are imperative for successful implementation of these materials for hydrogen pipeline. The information and data provided in this report provides the technical basis for the codification for fiber reinforced piping (FRP) for hydrogen service. The DOE has invested in the evaluation of FRP for the delivery for gaseous hydrogen to support the development of a hydrogen infrastructure. The codification plan calls for detailed investigation of the following areas: System design and applicable codes and standards; Service degradation of FRP; Flaw tolerance and flaw detection; Integrity management plan; Leak detection and operational controls evaluation; Repair evaluation. The FRP codification process started with commercially available products that had extensive use in the oil and gas industry. These products have been evaluated to assure that sufficient structural integrity is available for a gaseous hydrogen environment.

RC Beams Strengthened with Mechanically Fastened Composites: Experimental Results and Numerical Modeling

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Enzo Martinelli

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The use of mechanically-fastened fiber-reinforced polymer (MF-FRP systems has recently emerged as a competitive solution for the flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC beams and slabs. An overview of the experimental research has proven the effectiveness and the potentiality of the MF-FRP technique which is particularly suitable for emergency repairs or when the speed of installation and immediacy of use are imperative. A finite-element (FE model has been recently developed by the authors with the aim to simulate the behavior of RC beams strengthened in bending by MF-FRP laminates; such a model has also been validated by using a wide experimental database collected from the literature. By following the previous study, the FE model and the assembled database are considered herein with the aim of better exploring the influence of some specific aspects on the structural response of MF-FRP strengthened members, such as the bearing stress-slip relationship assumed for the FRP-concrete interface, the stress-strain law considered for reinforcing steel rebars and the cracking process in RC members resulting in the well-known tension stiffening effect. The considerations drawn from this study will be useful to researchers for the calibration of criteria and design rules for strengthening RC beams through MF-FRP laminates.

Strengthening of RC bridge slabs using CFRP sheets

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Fahmy A. Fathelbab

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Many old structures became structurally insufficient to carry the new loading conditions requirements. Moreover, they suffer from structural degradation, reinforcement steel bars corrosion, bad weather conditions…etc. Many official authorities in several countries had recognized many old bridges and buildings as structurally deficient by today’s standards. Due to these reasons, structural strengthening became an essential requirement and different strengthening techniques appeared in market. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP strengthening techniques established a good position among all other techniques, giving excellent structural results, low time required and moderate cost compared with the other techniques. The main purpose of this research is to study analytically the strengthening of a reinforced concrete bridge slabs due to excessive loads, using externally bonded FRP sheets technique. A commercial finite element program ANSYS was used to perform a structural linear and non-linear analysis for strengthened slab models using several schemes of FRP sheets. A parametric study was performed to evaluate analytically the effect of changing both FRP stiffness and FRP schemes in strengthening RC slabs. Comparing the results with control slab (reinforced concrete slab without strengthening it is obvious that attaching FRP sheets to the RC slab increases its capacity and enhances the ductility/toughness.

Utilization of new materials in prestressed concrete. Shin zairyo no puresutoresuto concrete eno tekiyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Imai, Y. (Taisei Corp., Tokyo (Japan)); Kato, H. (Building Research Inst., Tokyo (Japan)); Mutsuyoshi, H. (Saitama Univ., Urawa (Japan). Faculty of Engineering)

1994-03-31

In this session for the new materials, almost all of them were the presentation on the fiber reinforced plastics (FRP). Based on these facts, the topics of new materials about PC centered around FRP, and consequently it was found that how it was expected as the new materials and how it is being watched with keen interest. Even in FRP, the presentations on the carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) and aramid fiber reinforced plastics (AFRP) were a little bit more than those on the glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP), and therefore they were felt to be predominant. Although the ones about a fundamental study on the material characters of FRP held approximately 70%, as a content, there were 6 presentations on the design and execution of the actual bridges in which FRP was used for the PC take-up materials and the oblique cable of cable-stayed bridges, consequently it was found that FRP did not stay at a study stage, and was already shifting to the actual application stage. However, at the current situation, there were many of experimental ones like the small scale bridges in the golf courses, and furthermore it can not be said that a guideline for the design and execution is sufficiently established. 2 figs.

Morfogénesis de la fase sexual de seis especies mexicanas del género Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae: Parte II

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Blanca Pérez-García

2001-03-01

Full Text Available Se describe y se compara la morfogénesis de la fase sexual de seis especies mexicanas de Dryopteris. Las esporas de todas las especies estudiadas son monoletes y elipsoidales, la perina es plegada, de color pardo claro a pardo obscuro, su superficie es rugosa y de contornos tuberculados. El patrón de germinación es tipo Vittaria y el desarrollo protálico es tipo Aspidium. Los gametangios son del tipo característicos de los helechos leptosporangiados. Se desarrollaron esporofitos en cinco de las seis especies y solamente en D. pseudo-filix-mas es de origen apogámico (80 días. Se hace un análisis comparativo de las características gametofíticas presentes en las 12 especies mexicanas del género y se concluye que el tipo de germinación Vittaria y el patrón de desarrollo protálico tipo Aspidium y gametofitos con tricomas unicelulares, capitados marginales y superficiales, de aspecto irregular, son características que le dan unidad y caracterizan a los géneros que conforman la familia Dryopteridaceae (Moran, 1995 a excepción del género Didymochlaena.The development of the sexual phase of six Mexican species of Dryopteris is described and compared. Spores of all studied species are monolete, ellipsoid and have a rugose surface; the perine is folded, brown to dark brown, with a tubercled outline. Germination pattern is of the Vittaria-type and the development pattern of the prothallia is of the Aspidium-type. Gametangia are of the common type for the leptosporangiate advanced ferns. First leaves of the sporophytes appear 258-265 after sowing and apparently in Dryopteris pseudo-filix-mas the sporophyte have an apogamic origin (80 days. To make a comparative analysis of gametophytic characteristics in the twelve Mexican species and conclude of germination is of the Vittaria-type and development pattern prothallial is of the Aspidium-type, and unicelular trichomes on margin and superficial gametophytic to yield irregular aspect are

A study on correlating reduction in Poisson's ratio with transverse crack and delamination through acoustic emission signals

OpenAIRE

Yılmaz, Çağatay; Yilmaz, Cagatay; Yıldız, Mehmet; Yildiz, Mehmet

2017-01-01

During the uniaxial loading of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, Poisson's ratio (νxy), which is a constant elastic property for isotropic materials, decreases significantly. Micro-damage created within FRP composites as a result of an applied stress causes this decrease. As the level of micro-damage increases, a greater level of reduction in Poisson's ratio occurs. FRP composites, in general, show three main micro-damage types under uniaxial tensile loading, namely, transverse crack...

Perspectiva de niños y niñas preescolares, de seis direcciones regionales, acerca de sus procesos educativos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marianella Castro-Pérez

2007-06-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza la perspectiva de niños y niñas preescolares acerca de sus procesos educativos. Retoma sólo una parte de la información aportada mediante un Test de Oraciones Incompletas y representaciones gráficas, que forma parte de una investigación titulada Perfiles, Dinámicas y Desafíos del Sistema Educativo Formal Costarricense. Dicha investigación se realizó en seis direcciones regionales educativas del país, y abarcó los niveles de preescolar, educación general básica, educación diversificada y universidad. Se trata de la primera investigación integrada entre las diferentes Unidades Académicas del Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Educación, de la Universidad Nacional y adscrita al Programa Educación y Desarrollo.

Ultra light weight jet engine JR100; Chokeiryo jet engine JR100

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsuki, M. [Nippon Institute of Technology, Saitama (Japan)

1999-03-20

As a part of the jet lift V/STOL research by National Aerospace Laboratory, a study of trial manufacture of ultra light weight jet engine JR 100 started in FY 1964. The study was aimed at obtaining a lift engine for VTOL and founding the base for the future jet lift VTOL, and at taking in the results of the jet engine element study accumulated so far and manufacturing an advanced engine. Decided on the use of domestic materials for JR 100, the materials to be used are almost iron-based ones. Through the efforts for weight reduction in structure and processing, a thrust/weight ratio of 10 was realized. At the same time, the production/processing of light weight materials such as titanium alloys was proceeded with, and by adopting the materials to JR 200 system, a thrust/weight ratio of 15 was realized. Together with these, for the purpose of reducing the fuel consumption rate, studies started on fan for lift fan engine and high temperature turbine (an inlet temperature of 1250 degrees C was achieved), to get low noise/high efficiency fan. By the research results, the basis for jet lift VTOL was established, and it became the basis for the development of turbo fan engine FJR 710. (NEDO)

Predicting the occurrence of embolic events: an analysis of 1456 episodes of infective endocarditis from the Italian Study on Endocarditis (SEI)

Science.gov (United States)

2014-01-01

Background Embolic events are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with infective endocarditis. We analyzed the database of the prospective cohort study SEI in order to identify factors associated with the occurrence of embolic events and to develop a scoring system for the assessment of the risk of embolism. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 1456 episodes of infective endocarditis from the multicenter study SEI. Predictors of embolism were identified. Risk factors identified at multivariate analysis as predictive of embolism in left-sided endocarditis, were used for the development of a risk score: 1 point was assigned to each risk factor (total risk score range: minimum 0 points; maximum 2 points). Three categories were defined by the score: low (0 points), intermediate (1 point), or high risk (2 points); the probability of embolic events per risk category was calculated for each day on treatment (day 0 through day 30). Results There were 499 episodes of infective endocarditis (34%) that were complicated by ≥ 1 embolic event. Most embolic events occurred early in the clinical course (first week of therapy: 15.5 episodes per 1000 patient days; second week: 3.7 episodes per 1000 patient days). In the total cohort, the factors associated with the occurrence of embolism at multivariate analysis were prosthetic valve localization (odds ratio, 1.84), right-sided endocarditis (odds ratio, 3.93), Staphylococcus aureus etiology (odds ratio, 2.23) and vegetation size ≥ 13 mm (odds ratio, 1.86). In left-sided endocarditis, Staphylococcus aureus etiology (odds ratio, 2.1) and vegetation size ≥ 13 mm (odds ratio, 2.1) were independently associated with embolic events; the 30-day cumulative incidence of embolism varied with risk score category (low risk, 12%; intermediate risk, 25%; high risk, 38%; p endocarditis, a simple scoring system, which combines etiology and vegetation size with time on antimicrobials, might contribute to a

Characterization of two types of osteoclasts from human peripheral blood monocytes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yuasa, Kimitaka; Mori, Kouki; Ishikawa, Hitoshi; Sudo, Akihiro; Uchida, Atsumasa; Ito, Yasuhiko

2007-01-01

The two osteoclastogenesis pathways, receptor activator nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated and fusion regulatory protein-1 (FRP-1)-mediated osteoclastogenesis, have recently been reported. There were significant differences in differentiation and activation mechanisms between the two pathways. When monocytes were cultured with FRP-1 without adding M-CSF, essential for the RANKL system, TRAP-positive polykaryocyte formation occurred. FRP-1-mediated osteoclasts formed larger pits on mineralized calcium phosphate plates than RANKL+M-CSF-mediated osteoclasts did. Lacunae on dentin surfaces induced by FRP-1-mediated osteoclasts were inclined to be single and isolated. However, osteoclasts induced by RANKL+M-CSF made many connected pits on dentin surfaces as if they crawled on there. Interestingly, FRP-1 osteoclastogenesis was enhanced by M-CSF/IL-1α, while chemotactic behavior to the dentin slices was not effected. There were differences in pH and concentration of HCO3- at culture endpoint and in adherent feature to dentin surfaces. Our findings indicate there are two types of osteoclasts with distinct properties

FEM performance of concrete beams reinforced by carbon fiber bars

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hasan Hashim

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Concrete structures may be vulnerable to harsh environment, reinforcement with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP bars have an increasing acceptance than normal steel. The nature of (FRP bar is (non-corrosive which is very beneficial for increased durability as well as the reinforcement of FRP bar has higher strength than steel bar. FRP usage are being specified more and more by public structural engineers and individual companies as main reinforcement and as strengthening of structures. Steel reinforcement as compared to (FRP reinforcement are decreasingly acceptable for structural concrete reinforcement including precast concrete, cast in place concrete, columns, beams and other components. Carbon Fiber Reinforcement Polymer (CFRP have a very high modulus of elasticity “high modulus” and very high tensile strength. In aerospace industry, CFRP with high modulus are popular among all FRPs because it has a high strength to weight ratio. In this research, a finite element models will be used to represent beams with Carbon Fiber Reinforcement and beams with steel reinforcement. The primary objective of the research is the evaluation of the effect of (CFR on beam reinforcement.

An Experimental Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Reinforcements

Science.gov (United States)

Sai Kumar, A.; Ganesan, G.; Karthikeyan, K.

2017-07-01

This paper presents the mechanical properties of unidirectional hybrid reinforcements formed from continuous fibres impregnated with a fibre binding material which are used for reinforcing the concrete. Recently FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymer) manufacturers and suppliers have been increased all over the world because of the superior performance of FRP products in the construction industry. Its non-corrosive nature has turned the attention of many researchers to make several studies on different type of FRP products. Through a vast research, several standards also have been formulated. In this regard a new combination of FRP materials is tried in this paper and its properties have been derived. Carbon fibre and glass fibres fuse in this study to form a new hybrid rebar. The design properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, and compressive strength have been studied as per ASTM standards and it has been identified that the Hybrid rebar show a superior performance in comparison with GFRP (Glass FRP) and Steel rebars. This extraordinary performance of hybrid composite material increases the extensive engineering applications such as transport industry, aeronautics, naval, automotive industries.

The electrostatic properties of Fiber-Reinforced-Plastics double wall underground storage gasoline tanks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Yipeng; Liu, Quanzhen; Meng, He; Sun, Lifu; Zhang, Yunpeng

2013-01-01

At present Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) double wall underground storage gasoline tanks are wildly used. An FRP product with a resistance of more than 10 11 Ω is a static non-conductor, so it is difficult for the static electricity in the FRP product to decay into the earth. In this paper an experimental system was built to simulate an automobile gasoline filling station. Some electrostatic parameters of the gasoline, including volume charge density, were tested when gasoline was unloaded into a FRP double wall underground storage tank. Measurements were taken to make sure the volume charge density in the oil-outlet was similar to the volume charge density in the tank. In most cases the volume charge density of the gasoline was more than 22.7 μC m −3 , which is likely to cause electrostatic discharge in FRP double wall underground storage gasoline tanks. On the other hand, it would be hard to ignite the vapor by electrostatic discharge since the vapor pressure in the tanks is over the explosion limit. But when the tank is repaired or re-used, the operators must pay attention to the static electricity and some measurements should be taken to avoid electrostatic accident. Besides the relaxation time of charge in the FRP double wall gasoline storage tanks should be longer.

Self-monitoring fiber reinforced polymer strengthening system for civil engineering infrastructures

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Guoliang; Dawood, Mina; Peters, Kara; Rizkalla, Sami

2008-03-01

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials are currently used for strengthening civil engineering infrastructures. The strengthening system is dependant on the bond characteristics of the FRP to the external surface of the structure to be effective in resisting the applied loads. This paper presents an innovative self-monitoring FRP strengthening system. The system consists of two components which can be embedded in FRP materials to monitor the global and local behavior of the strengthened structure respectively. The first component of the system is designed to evaluate the applied load acting on a structure based on elongation of the FRP layer along the entire span of the structure. Success of the global system has been demonstrated using a full-scale prestressed concrete bridge girder which was loaded up to failure. The test results indicate that this type of sensor can be used to accurately determine the load prior to failure within 15 percent of the measured value. The second sensor component consists of fiber Bragg grating sensors. The sensors were used to monitor the behavior of steel double-lap shear splices tested under tensile loading up to failure. The measurements were used to identify abnormal structural behavior such as epoxy cracking and FRP debonding. Test results were also compared to numerical values obtained from a three dimensional shear-lag model which was developed to predict the sensor response.

Tensile Strength of GFRP Reinforcing Bars with Hollow Section

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Young-Jun You

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP has been proposed to replace steel as a reinforcing bar (rebar due to its high tensile strength and noncorrosive material properties. One obstacle in using FRP rebars is high price. Generally FRP is more expensive than conventional steel rebar. There are mainly two ways to reduce the cost. For example, one is making the price of each composition cost of FRP rebar (e.g., fibers, resin, etc. lower than steel rebar. Another is making an optimized design for cross section and reducing the material cost. The former approach is not easy because the steel price is very low in comparison with component materials of FRP. For the latter approach, the cost could be cut down by reducing the material cost. Therefore, an idea of making hollow section over the cross section of FRP rebar was proposed in this study by optimizing the cross section design with acceptable tensile performance in comparison with steel rebar. In this study, glass reinforced polymer (GFRP rebars with hollow section and 19 mm of outer diameter were manufactured and tested to evaluate the tensile performance in accordance with the hollowness ratio. From the test results, it was observed that the tensile strength decreased almost linearly with increase of hollowness ratio and the elastic modulus decreased nonlinearly.

Measuring Radiant Emissions from Entire Prescribed Fires with Ground, Airborne and Satellite Sensors RxCADRE 2012

Science.gov (United States)

Dickinson, Matthew B.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Zajkowski, Thomas; Loudermilk, E. Louise; Schroeder, Wilfrid; Ellison, Luke; Kremens, Robert L.; Holley, William; Martinez, Otto; Paxton, Alexander;

The Auckland Optotypes: An open-access pictogram set for measuring recognition acuity.

Science.gov (United States)

Hamm, Lisa M; Yeoman, Janice P; Anstice, Nicola; Dakin, Steven C

2018-03-01

When measuring recognition acuity in a research setting, the most widely used symbols are the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) set of 10 Sloan letters. However, the symbols are not appropriate for patients unfamiliar with letters, and acuity for individual letters is variable. Alternative pictogram sets are available, but are generally comprised of fewer items. We set out to develop an open-access set of 10 pictograms that would elicit more consistent estimates of acuity across items than the ETDRS letters from visually normal adults. We measured monocular acuity for individual uncrowded optotypes within a newly designed set (The Auckland Optotype [TAO]), the ETDRS set, and Landolt Cs. Eleven visually normal adults were assessed on regular and vanishing formats of each set. Inter-optotype reliability and ability to detect subtle differences between participants were assessed using intraclass correlations (ICC) and fractional rank precision (FRP). The TAO vanishing set showed the strongest performance (ICC = 0.97, FRP = 0.90), followed by the other vanishing sets (Sloan ICC = 0.88, FRP = 0.74; Landolt ICC = 0.86, FRP = 0.80). Within the regular format, TAO again outperformed the existing sets (TAO ICC = 0.77, FRP = 0.75; Sloan ICC = 0.65, FRP = 0.64; Landolt ICC = 0.48, FRP = 0.63). For adults with normal visual acuity, the new optotypes (in both regular and vanishing formats) are more equally legible and sensitive to subtle individual differences than their Sloan counterparts. As this set does not require observers to be able to name Roman letters, and is freely available to use and modify, it may have wide application for measurement of acuity.

La problemática del manejo de los residuos sólidos en seis municipios del sur de Zacatecas

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Germaín A. Castañeda Delgado

2015-01-01

Full Text Available los objetivos de la presente investigación son determinar la cantidad de residuos sólidos generados en seis municipios del estado de Zacatecas, México, y comparar su composición porcentual en peso y volumen. Los resultados muestran la complejidad para el tratamiento y la disposición final de residuos sólidos en los municipios rurales y urbanos, debido a los grandes volúmenes generados y a los cambios en los patrones de consumo, que revelan la necesidad de emprender proyectos enfocados a su reducción, reciclaje, reutilización y valorización energética en los municipios analizados, además pueden servir para evaluar el inicio de acciones conjuntas entre ciudadanos y autoridades municipales para su tratamiento y disposición final. Esta investigación pretende contribuir al entendimiento de los problemas asociados a la disposición final de residuos en el estado de Zacatecas.

Fit-for-purpose phosphorus management: do riparian buffers qualify in catchments with sandy soils?

Science.gov (United States)

Weaver, David; Summers, Robert

2014-05-01

Hillslope runoff and leaching studies, catchment-scale water quality measurements and P retention and release characteristics of stream bank and catchment soils were used to better understand reasons behind the reported ineffectiveness of riparian buffers for phosphorus (P) management in catchments with sandy soils from south-west Western Australia (WA). Catchment-scale water quality measurements of 60 % particulate P (PP) suggest that riparian buffers should improve water quality; however, runoff and leaching studies show 20 times more water and 2 to 3 orders of magnitude more P are transported through leaching than runoff processes. The ratio of filterable reactive P (FRP) to total P (TP) in surface runoff from the plots was 60 %, and when combined with leachate, 96 to 99 % of P lost from hillslopes was FRP, in contrast with 40 % measured as FRP at the large catchment scale. Measurements of the P retention and release characteristics of catchment soils (bank soil (bank soils suggest that catchment soils contain more P, are more P saturated and are significantly more likely to deliver FRP and TP in excess of water quality targets than stream bank soils. Stream bank soils are much more likely to retain P than contribute P to streams, and the in-stream mixing of FRP from the landscape with particulates from stream banks or stream beds is a potential mechanism to explain the change in P form from hillslopes (96 to 99 % FRP) to large catchments (40 % FRP). When considered in the context of previous work reporting that riparian buffers were ineffective for P management in this environment, these studies reinforce the notion that (1) riparian buffers are unlikely to provide fit-for-purpose P management in catchments with sandy soils, (2) most P delivered to streams in sandy soil catchments is FRP and travels via subsurface and leaching pathways and (3) large catchment-scale water quality measurements are not good indicators of hillslope P mobilisation and transport

Pultruded composites using soy-based polyurethane resin.

Science.gov (United States)

2008-07-01

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites offer inherent advantages over traditional materials with regard to high strength-to-weight ratio, design flexibility, corrosion resistance, low maintenance, and extended service life. FRP materials can be us...

The EGU2010 SM1.3 Seismic Centers Data Acquisition session: an introduction to Antelope, EarthWorm and SeisComP, and their use around the World

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Damiano Pesaresi

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Session «SM1.3 - Seismic Centers Data Acquisition» was part of the General Assembly 2010 of the European Geosciences Union (EGU that took place in Vienna (Austria from 2-7 May, 2010. This session was organized to present both the differences and similarities in the operations of different types of seismic data centers, to share the experiences and to stimulate constructive discussion. There are only a few, widely used, "all-in-one" data acquisition and processing packages available for seismic data centers, with two public-domain tools (SeisComP and EarthWorm and one commercial tool (Antelope. The choice of any particular tool will depend on many different criteria, from operational aspects to scientific results, or on the availability of specific requirements in relation to a specific mission. The development of EarthWorm originally started in 1993 in the USA, and it was designed to replace the aging and vendor-tied, regional processing systems. Antelope, started around 1996, with the aim to have real-time data flow from field sensors to scientist. SeisComP also started in the nineties as a real-time data acquisition and processing system, and it evolved towards an early warning system for seismic observatories. Protocols have been established to exchange real-time waveform data between the different packages. In this introductory report, we outline the main characteristics of the three software packages for seismic data acquisition.

Acoustic emission from fiber reinforced plastic damaged hoop wrapped cylinders

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akhtar, A.; Kung, D.; Westbrook, D.R.

2000-03-01

Metal lined continuous fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) hoop wrapped cylinders with axial cuts to the FRP were modeled mathematically and tested experimentally. Steel lined and aluminum alloy lined glass FRP vessels were subjected to acoustic emission tests (AE) and hydraulic burst tests. The burst pressure decreased monotonically with the length of the axial cut. Acoustic emission increased initially with a decrease in burst pressure, and attained a maximum at an intermediate level of damage to the FRP. However, acoustic emission decreased when the level of damage was higher and the burst pressure was lower. Implications of the findings are discussed in the context of the search for an acoustic emission test method to inspect periodically the vessels used for the storage of compressed gaseous fuels on natural gas vehicles (NGV) and hydrogen vehicles.

Proposta de um modelo de gestão da qualidade para micro e pequenas empresas integrando a estratégia seis sigma à NBR ISO 9001

OpenAIRE

Costa, Filipe Cunha Reges da

2009-01-01

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo propor um modelo de Gestão da Qualidade para micro e pequenas empresas integrando os modelos de gestão: estratégia Seis Sigma e NBR ISO 9001:2000. É desenvolvida uma pesquisa exploratória para levantamento das informações técnicas e bibliográficas existentes sobre as duas propostas, com ênfase em sua integração. Em seguida, procede-se a uma pesquisa de opinião, por meio de questionário, realizada com 65 analistas/consultores de Sistemas de Gestão d...

Characteristics analysis on a superconductor resonance coil WPT system according to cooling vessel materials in different distances

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeong, In-Sung; Lee, Yu-Kyeong; Choi, Hyo-Sang

2016-01-01

Highlights: • WPT using the superconductor coil was needed research for cooling vessel. FRP, bakelite, polystyrene, aluminum, and iron were applied as the cooling vessel material to analyze the WPT distance efficiency. • When the distance between the transmitter and receiver coils was 2000 mm, FRP being used for the cooling vessel made the transmission efficiency higher than any other materials. The efficiency and distance of sending power can be improved in the superconductor coil if the cooling vessel is made with FRP. - Abstract: The interest in wireless power transfer (WPT) that can send power without using wires has been increasing recently. Especially, there is a great interest in the wireless power devices for portable IT devices. The WPT devices that have been developed so far use the magnetic induction method, and they are not active due to their distance problem. A magnetic resonance WPT method was developed and has been actively researched to resolve this problem. A superconductor coil was applied in this study to increase the efficiency of the magnetic resonance WPT. FRP, bakelite, polystyrene, aluminum, and iron were applied as the cooling vessel material to analyze the WPT distance. The distance between the transmitter and receiver coils started from 800 mm and was increased by 200 mm. The reflection coefficient was measured at each distance. As a result, FRP, bakelite, plastic PVC, polystyrene of the reflection coefficient was similar. From among these FRP being used for the cooling vessel made the transmission characteristics higher than any other materials when the distance between the transmitter and receiver coils was 2,000 mm. On the other hand, the reflection coefficient dropped when iron was used. It is estimated based on the experimental results that the wireless power transmission characteristics and distance of sending power can be improved in the superconductor coil if the cooling vessel is made with FRP.

Quantitative Evaluation of MODIS Fire Radiative Power Measurement for Global Smoke Emissions Assessment

Science.gov (United States)

Ichoku, Charles; Ellison, Luke

2011-01-01

Satellite remote sensing is providing us tremendous opportunities to measure the fire radiative energy (FRE) release rate or power (FRP) from open biomass burning, which affects many vegetated regions of the world on a seasonal basis. Knowledge of the biomass burning characteristics and emission source strengths of different (particulate and gaseous) smoke constituents is one of the principal ingredients upon which the assessment, modeling, and forecasting of their distribution and impacts depend. This knowledge can be gained through accurate measurement of FRP, which has been shown to have a direct relationship with the rates of biomass consumption and emissions of major smoke constituents. Over the last decade or so, FRP has been routinely measured from space by both the MODIS sensors aboard the polar orbiting Terra and Aqua satellites, and the SEVIRI sensor aboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) geostationary satellite. During the last few years, FRP has steadily gained increasing recognition as an important parameter for facilitating the development of various scientific studies and applications relating to the quantitative characterization of biomass burning and their emissions. To establish the scientific integrity of the FRP as a stable quantity that can be measured consistently across a variety of sensors and platforms, with the potential of being utilized to develop a unified long-term climate data record of fire activity and impacts, it needs to be thoroughly evaluated, calibrated, and validated. Therefore, we are conducting a detailed analysis of the FRP products from MODIS to evaluate the uncertainties associated with them, such as those due to the effects of satellite variable observation geometry and other factors, in order to establish their error budget for use in diverse scientific research and applications. In this presentation, we will show recent results of the MODIS FRP uncertainty analysis and error mitigation solutions, and demonstrate

Characteristics analysis on a superconductor resonance coil WPT system according to cooling vessel materials in different distances

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jeong, In-Sung, E-mail: no21park@hanmail.net; Lee, Yu-Kyeong; Choi, Hyo-Sang, E-mail: hyosang@chosun.ac.kr

2016-11-15

Highlights: • WPT using the superconductor coil was needed research for cooling vessel. FRP, bakelite, polystyrene, aluminum, and iron were applied as the cooling vessel material to analyze the WPT distance efficiency. • When the distance between the transmitter and receiver coils was 2000 mm, FRP being used for the cooling vessel made the transmission efficiency higher than any other materials. The efficiency and distance of sending power can be improved in the superconductor coil if the cooling vessel is made with FRP. - Abstract: The interest in wireless power transfer (WPT) that can send power without using wires has been increasing recently. Especially, there is a great interest in the wireless power devices for portable IT devices. The WPT devices that have been developed so far use the magnetic induction method, and they are not active due to their distance problem. A magnetic resonance WPT method was developed and has been actively researched to resolve this problem. A superconductor coil was applied in this study to increase the efficiency of the magnetic resonance WPT. FRP, bakelite, polystyrene, aluminum, and iron were applied as the cooling vessel material to analyze the WPT distance. The distance between the transmitter and receiver coils started from 800 mm and was increased by 200 mm. The reflection coefficient was measured at each distance. As a result, FRP, bakelite, plastic PVC, polystyrene of the reflection coefficient was similar. From among these FRP being used for the cooling vessel made the transmission characteristics higher than any other materials when the distance between the transmitter and receiver coils was 2,000 mm. On the other hand, the reflection coefficient dropped when iron was used. It is estimated based on the experimental results that the wireless power transmission characteristics and distance of sending power can be improved in the superconductor coil if the cooling vessel is made with FRP.

Proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in contact with eluate from fibrin-rich plasma membrane

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernanda Gimenez de Souza

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the ability of the eluate from fibrin-rich plasma (FRP membrane to induce proliferation and differentiation of isolated human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs into chondrocytes. Method: FRP membranes were obtained by centrifugation of peripheral blood from two healthy donors, cut, and maintained in culture plate wells for 48 h to prepare the fibrin eluate. The SCATh were isolated from adipose tissue by collagenase digestion solution, and expanded in vitro. Cells were expanded and treated with DMEM-F12 culture, a commercial media for chondrogenic differentiation, and eluate from FRP membrane for three days, and labeled with BrdU for quantitative assessment of cell proliferation using the High-Content Operetta® imaging system. For the chondrogenic differentiation assay, the SCATh were grown in micromass for 21 days and stained with toluidine blue and aggrecan for qualitative evaluation by light microscopy. The statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: There was a greater proliferation of cells treated with the eluate from FRP membrane compared to the other two treatments, where the ANOVA test showed significance (p < 0.001. The differentiation into chondrocytes was visualized by the presence of mucopolysaccharide in the matrix of the cells marked in blue toluidine and aggrecan. Conclusions: Treatment with eluate from FRP membrane stimulated cell proliferation and induced differentiation of the stem cells into chondrocytes, suggesting a potential application of FRP membranes in hyaline cartilage regeneration therapies.

Numerical Study on Deflection Behaviour of Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars

Science.gov (United States)

Mohamed, Osama A.; Khattab, Rania; Hawat, Waddah Al

2017-10-01

Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars are gaining popularity as sustainable alternatives to conventional reinforcing steel bars in reinforced concrete applications. The production of FRP bars has lower environmental impact compared to steel reinforcing bars. In addition, the non-corroding FRP materials can potentially decrease the cost or need for maintenance of reinforced concrete structural elements, especially in harsh environmental conditions that can impact both concrete and reinforcement. FRP bars offer additional favourable properties including high tensile strength and low unit weight. However, the mechanical properties of FRP bars can lead to large crack widths and deflections. The objective of this study is to investigate the deflection behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with Glass FRP (GFRP) bars as a longitudinal main reinforcement. Six concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars were modelled using the finite element computer program ANSYS. The main variable considered in the study is the reinforcement ratio. The deflection equations in current North American codes including ACI 440.1R-06, ACI 440.1R-15 and CSA S806-12 are used to compute deflections, and these are compared to numerical results. It was concluded in this paper that deflections predicted by ACI 440.1R-06 equations are lower than the numerical analysis results while ACI 440.1R-15 is in agreement with numerical analysis with tendency to be conservative. The values of deflections estimated by CSA S806-12 formulas are consistent with results of numerical analysis.

Development of cost-effective VARTM technology for repair and hardening design method and specifications for ALDOT contractor : phase 3.

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-01

Resin infusion, a method of fabricating fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), has been shown to produce a stronger FRP of : more consistent quality than other methods. It is a preferred method of fabrication in industries like automotive, : aerospace, and ...

Development and performance evaluation of fiber reinforced polymer bridge.

Science.gov (United States)

2014-03-01

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) have become more popular construction materials in the last decade due to the reduction of : material costs. The installation and performance evaluation of the first FRP-wrapped balsa wood bridge in Louisiana is descri...

Multi-Objective Patch Optimization with Integrated Kinematic Draping Simulation for Continuous–Discontinuous Fiber-Reinforced Composite Structures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Benedikt Fengler

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Discontinuous fiber-reinforced polymers (DiCoFRP in combination with local continuous fiber reinforced polymers (CoFRP provide both a high design freedom and high weight-specific mechanical properties. For the optimization of CoFRP patches on complexly shaped DiCoFRP structures, an optimization strategy is needed which considers manufacturing constraints during the optimization procedure. Therefore, a genetic algorithm is combined with a kinematic draping simulation. To determine the optimal patch position with regard to structural performance and overall material consumption, a multi-objective optimization strategy is used. The resulting Pareto front and a corresponding heat-map of the patch position are useful tools for the design engineer to choose the right amount of reinforcement. The proposed patch optimization procedure is applied to two example structures and the effect of different optimization setups is demonstrated.

Analytical, Numerical and Experimental Examination of Reinforced Composites Beams Covered with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic

Science.gov (United States)

Kasimzade, A. A.; Tuhta, S.

2012-03-01

In the article, analytical, numerical (Finite Element Method) and experimental investigation results of beam that was strengthened with fiber reinforced plastic-FRP composite has been given as comparative, the effect of FRP wrapping number to the maximum load and moment capacity has been evaluated depending on this results. Carbon FRP qualitative dependences have been occurred between wrapping number and beam load and moment capacity for repair-strengthen the reinforced concrete beams with carbon fiber. Shown possibilities of application traditional known analysis programs, for the analysis of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) strengthened structures.

Fiber reinforced polymer bridge decks : [technical summary].

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-01

A number of researchers have addressed the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) deck as a replacement solution for deteriorated bridge decks made of traditional materials. The use of new, advanced materials such as FRP is advantageous when the bridg...

El papel de la Estadística en la metodología Seis Sigma: una propuesta de actuación en servicios sanitarios = The key role of statistical methods in Six-Sigma: a proposal of implementation in health care services

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Huerga Castro

2012-03-01

Full Text Available La metodología seis sigma es un programa de mejora continua de la calidad que, en base a hechos y datos, persigue reducir errores y avanzar hacia altos objetivos de calidad. Ofrece un enfoque estructurado, analítico y racional para el establecimiento de proyectos de mejora acordes con los objetivos planteados. Si bien la popularidad del seis sigma se deriva de su aplicación en los procesos productivos del sector industrial, cada vez está más extendida su aplicación en el sector servicios y, por ende, en los servicios sanitarios donde la “satisfacción del cliente” adquiere una relevancia vital.La aplicación de seis sigma requiere el uso de un amplio abanico de herramientas estadísticas, de hecho, el término sigma representa la desviación típica de una distribución y es el factor clave para conocer la variabilidad de la misma. Por ello, en este trabajo señalamos las herramientas más apropiadas en cada etapa o fase de implementación del seis sigma (definir, medir, analizar, mejorar y controlar y presentamos una propuesta de aplicación en un servicio sanitario.Six-Sigma is a strategy for continuous quality improvement based on facts and data that attempts to reach higher quality standards and lower number of defects. Six-Sigma provides a structured, analytic and rational approach that allows the implementation of quality improvement projects according to the planned objectives. Although its current popularity is mainly due to its widespread implementation in the industrial sector, it is also being increasingly used in the services sector, such as in health care services, where the customer’s satisfaction has an even more crucial relevance.Six-Sigma involves the use of a wide range of statistical tools; in fact, the term sigma means standard deviation, which is a key measure of the distribution’s variability. In this paper the statistical tools more suitable for each phase of Six-Sigma’s adoption are presented as well a

El papel de la Estadística en la metodología Seis Sigma: una propuesta de actuación en servicios sanitarios = The key role of statistical methods in Six-Sigma: a proposal of implementation in health care services

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Carmen Huerga Castro

2012-12-01

Full Text Available a metodología seis sigma es un programa de mejora continua de la calidad que, en base a hechos y datos, persigue reducir errores y avanzar hacia altos objetivos de calidad. Ofrece un enfoque estructurado, analítico y racional para el establecimiento de proyectos de mejora acordes con los objetivos planteados. Si bien la popularidad del seis sigma se deriva de su aplicación en los procesos productivos del sector industrial, cada vez está más extendida su aplicación en el sector servicios y, por ende, en los servicios sanitarios donde la “satisfacción del cliente” adquiere una relevancia vital. La aplicación de seis sigma requiere el uso de un amplio abanico de herramientas estadísticas, de hecho, el término sigma representa la desviación típica de una distribución y es el factor clave para conocer la variabilidad de la misma. Por ello, en este trabajo señalamos las herramientas más apropiadas en cada etapa o fase de implementación del seis sigma (definir, medir, analizar, mejorar y controlar y presentamos una propuesta de aplicación en un servicio sanitario. Six-Sigma is a strategy for continuous quality improvement based on facts and data that attempts to reach higher quality standards and lower number of defects. Six-Sigma provides a structured, analytic and rational approach that allows the implementation of quality improvement projects according to the planned objectives. Although its current popularity is mainly due to its widespread implementation in the industrial sector, it is also being increasingly used in the services sector, such as in health care services, where the customer’s satisfaction has an even more crucial relevance. Six-Sigma involves the use of a wide range of statistical tools; in fact, the term sigma means standard deviation, which is a key measure of the distribution’s variability. In this paper the statistical tools more suitable for each phase of Six-Sigma’s adoption are presented as well a

Estado de nutrición de los refugiados guatemaltecos menores de seis años

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RUIZ-ARREGUI LILIANA

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Analizar los cambios del estado de nutrición de niños guatemaltecos menores de seis años, refugiados en México entre 1982 y 1996, así como describir los diferentes programas de ayuda alimentaria que se pusieron en marcha. Material y métodos. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de cuatro estudios antropométricos transversales llevados a cabo en Chiapas (1982 y 1989, Quintana Roo (1989 y Campeche y Quintana Roo (1996. Se obtuvieron prevalencias de desnutrición según los indicadores peso/edad y talla/edad. Se calculó la razón de momios de la prevalencia y los intervalos de confianza al 95%. Se describen los programas dirigidos a mejorar la nutrición y salud de la población durante el periodo. Resultados. En 1982 privaban altas tasas de desnutrición y de mortalidad entre estos niños refugiados. En 1989, después de su reubicación en Campeche y en Quintana Roo, había mejorado considerablemente la situación tanto de los reubicados como de los que permanecieron en Chiapas. Esa situación prevaleció hasta 1996. Conclusiones. Los programas emprendidos fueron eficaces para controlar la emergencia y prevenir nuevas situaciones de crisis. Sin embargo, sólo lograron sostener a la población refugiada en condiciones similares a las prevalentes en la población indígena mexicana.

A novel gene’s role in an ancient mechanism: secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 is a critical component in the anterior–posterior Wnt signaling network that governs the establishment of the anterior neuroectoderm in sea urchin embryos

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Anita Khadka

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract The anterior neuroectoderm (ANE in many deuterostome embryos (echinoderms, hemichordates, urochordates, cephalochordates, and vertebrates is progressively restricted along the anterior–posterior axis to a domain around the anterior pole. In the sea urchin embryo, three integrated Wnt signaling branches (Wnt/β-catenin, Wnt/JNK, and Wnt/PKC govern this progressive restriction process, which begins around the 32- to 60-cell stage and terminates by the early gastrula stage. We previously have established that several secreted Wnt modulators of the Dickkopf and secreted Frizzled-related protein families (Dkk1, Dkk3, and sFRP-1/5 are expressed within the ANE and play important roles in modulating the Wnt signaling network during this process. In this study, we use morpholino and dominant-negative interference approaches to characterize the function of a novel Frizzled-related protein, secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1, during ANE restriction. sFRP-1 appears to be related to a secreted Wnt modulator, sFRP3/4, that is essential to block Wnt signaling and establish the ANE in vertebrates. Here, we show that the sea urchin sFRP3/4 orthologue is not expressed during ANE restriction in the sea urchin embryo. Instead, our results indicate that ubiquitously expressed maternal sFRP-1 and Fzl1/2/7 signaling act together as early as the 32- to 60-cell stage to antagonize the ANE restriction mechanism mediated by Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/JNK signaling. Then, starting from the blastula stage, Fzl5/8 signaling activates zygotic sFRP-1 within the ANE territory, where it works with the secreted Wnt antagonist Dkk1 (also activated by Fzl5/8 signaling to antagonize Wnt1/Wnt8–Fzl5/8–JNK signaling in a negative feedback mechanism that defines the outer ANE territory boundary. Together, these data indicate that maternal and zygotic sFRP-1 protects the ANE territory by antagonizing the Wnt1/Wnt8–Fzl5/8–JNK signaling pathway throughout ANE

A novel gene's role in an ancient mechanism: secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 is a critical component in the anterior-posterior Wnt signaling network that governs the establishment of the anterior neuroectoderm in sea urchin embryos.

Science.gov (United States)

Khadka, Anita; Martínez-Bartolomé, Marina; Burr, Stephanie D; Range, Ryan C

2018-01-01

The anterior neuroectoderm (ANE) in many deuterostome embryos (echinoderms, hemichordates, urochordates, cephalochordates, and vertebrates) is progressively restricted along the anterior-posterior axis to a domain around the anterior pole. In the sea urchin embryo, three integrated Wnt signaling branches (Wnt/β-catenin, Wnt/JNK, and Wnt/PKC) govern this progressive restriction process, which begins around the 32- to 60-cell stage and terminates by the early gastrula stage. We previously have established that several secreted Wnt modulators of the Dickkopf and secreted Frizzled-related protein families (Dkk1, Dkk3, and sFRP-1/5) are expressed within the ANE and play important roles in modulating the Wnt signaling network during this process. In this study, we use morpholino and dominant-negative interference approaches to characterize the function of a novel Frizzled-related protein, secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1), during ANE restriction. sFRP-1 appears to be related to a secreted Wnt modulator, sFRP3/4, that is essential to block Wnt signaling and establish the ANE in vertebrates. Here, we show that the sea urchin sFRP3/4 orthologue is not expressed during ANE restriction in the sea urchin embryo. Instead, our results indicate that ubiquitously expressed maternal sFRP-1 and Fzl1/2/7 signaling act together as early as the 32- to 60-cell stage to antagonize the ANE restriction mechanism mediated by Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/JNK signaling. Then, starting from the blastula stage, Fzl5/8 signaling activates zygotic sFRP-1 within the ANE territory, where it works with the secreted Wnt antagonist Dkk1 (also activated by Fzl5/8 signaling) to antagonize Wnt1/Wnt8-Fzl5/8-JNK signaling in a negative feedback mechanism that defines the outer ANE territory boundary. Together, these data indicate that maternal and zygotic sFRP-1 protects the ANE territory by antagonizing the Wnt1/Wnt8-Fzl5/8-JNK signaling pathway throughout ANE restriction, providing precise

Using JPSS VIIRS Fire Radiative Power Data to Forecast Biomass Burning Emissions and Smoke Transport by the High Resolution Rapid Refresh Model

Science.gov (United States)

Ahmadov, R.; Grell, G. A.; James, E.; Alexander, C.; Stewart, J.; Benjamin, S.; McKeen, S. A.; Csiszar, I. A.; Tsidulko, M.; Pierce, R. B.; Pereira, G.; Freitas, S. R.; Goldberg, M.

2017-12-01

We present a new real-time smoke modeling system, the High Resolution Rapid Refresh coupled with smoke (HRRR-Smoke), to simulate biomass burning (BB) emissions, plume rise and smoke transport in real time. The HRRR is the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's 3km grid spacing version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model used for weather forecasting. Here we make use of WRF-Chem (the WRF model coupled with chemistry) and simulate fine particulate matter (smoke) emissions emitted by BB. The HRRR-Smoke modeling system ingests fire radiative power (FRP) data from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite to calculate BB emissions. The FRP product is based on processing 750m resolution "M" bands. The algorithms for fire detection and FRP retrieval are consistent with those used to generate the MODIS fire detection data. For the purpose of ingesting VIIRS fire data into the HRRR-Smoke model, text files are generated to provide the location and detection confidence of fire pixels, as well as FRP. The VIIRS FRP data from the text files are processed and remapped over the HRRR-Smoke model domains. We process the FRP data to calculate BB emissions (smoldering part) and fire size for the model input. In addition, HRRR-Smoke uses the FRP data to simulate the injection height for the flaming emissions using concurrently simulated meteorological fields by the model. Currently, there are two 3km resolution domains covering the contiguous US and Alaska which are used to simulate smoke in real time. In our presentation, we focus on the CONUS domain. HRRR-Smoke is initialized 4 times per day to forecast smoke concentrations for the next 36 hours. The VIIRS FRP data, as well as near-surface and vertically integrated smoke mass concentrations are visualized for every forecast hour. These plots are provided to the public via the HRRR-Smoke web-page: https

Structural Behavior of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) Bars

Science.gov (United States)

Ovitigala, Thilan

The main challenge for civil engineers is to provide sustainable, environmentally friendly and financially feasible structures to the society. Finding new materials such as fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) material that can fulfill the above requirements is a must. FRP material was expensive and it was limited to niche markets such as space shuttles and air industry in the 1960s. Over the time, it became cheaper and spread to other industries such as sporting goods in the 1980-1990, and then towards the infrastructure industry. Design and construction guidelines are available for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) and they are currently used in structural applications. Since FRP is linear elastic brittle material, design guidelines for the steel reinforcement are not valid for FRP materials. Corrosion of steel reinforcement affects the durability of the concrete structures. FRP reinforcement is identified as an alternative to steel reinforcement in corrosive environments. Although basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) has many advantages over other FRP materials, but limited studies have been done. These studies didn't include larger BFRP bar diameters that are mostly used in practice. Therefore, larger beam sizes with larger BFRP reinforcement bar diameters are needed to investigate the flexural and shear behavior of BFRP reinforced concrete beams. Also, shear behavior of BFRP reinforced concrete beams was not yet studied. Experimental testing of mechanical properties and bond strength of BFRP bars and flexural and shear behavior of BFRP reinforced concrete beams are needed to include BFRP reinforcement bars in the design codes. This study mainly focuses on the use of BFRP bars as internal reinforcement. The test results of the mechanical properties of BFRP reinforcement bars, the bond strength of BFRP reinforcement bars, and the flexural and shear behavior of concrete beams

Asset management business model for design, realization, and maintenance of fibre reinforced polymer bridges

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sebastian, R.

2013-01-01

This paper particularly addresses the market implementation of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) for bridges. It presents the concept of demand and supply chain innovation as being investigated within two ongoing European collaborative research projects (FP7) titled Trans-IND and PANTURA. FRP has

Achados oculares em crianças de zero a seis anos de idade, residentes na cidade de São Caetano do Sul, SP

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Beer Sandra Maria Canelas

2003-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de erros refrativos, estrabismo, ambliopia e anisometropia nas crianças pertencentes à população em estudo, utilizando dois métodos de rastreamento (triagem na escola e triagem durante o dia da vacinação contra a poliomielite. MÉTODOS: Foram examinadas 2.640 crianças, residentes da cidade de São Caetano do Sul, entre zero e seis anos de idade, divididas em duas amostras (A e B. A amostra A consistiu de 476 crianças que foram examinadas por dez oftalmologistas e onze técnicos oftálmicos, durante o Dia Nacional de Vacinação (20 de junho de 1998 contra a Poliomielite. A amostra B consistiu de 2.164 crianças que freqüentavam escolas municipais, entre quatro e seis anos de idade e foram examinadas por dois oftalmologistas durante o ano de 1998. RESULTADOS: Na amostra A, a prevalência de estrabismo foi de 3,36% e de anisometropia foi de 1,26%. O principal tipo de erro refrativo encontrado foi a hipermetropia < 2D. Necessitaram de prescrição óptica 14,11% das crianças. Em relação à amostra B, a prevalência de estrabismo foi de 1,43%. Nas crianças que falharam na triagem, a prevalência de ambliopia foi de 1,39%, 2,8% de anisometropia e necessitaram de prescrição óptica, 56,48%. O principal tipo de erro refrativo encontrado foi o astigmatismo hipermetrópico composto. CONCLUSÃO: Embora em município com perfil socioeconômico privilegiado, a prevalência de estrabismo, anisometropia, ambliopia e erro refrativo não foi inferior à relatada na literatura. Com relação à metodologia de rastreamento, o Dia Nacional de Vacinação contra a Poliomielite mostrou-se eficiente ferramenta metodológica já que houve grande participação da população alvo.

Mechanical behaviour of adhesive joint under tensile and shear loading

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jiang, X.; Kolstein, M.H.; Bijlaard, F.S.K.

2013-01-01

Due to various advantages of Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) decks, the FRP to steel composite bridge system is being increasingly used in new bridge structures as well as rehabilitation projects for old bridges. This paper focuses on the mechanical behaviours and failure modes of the

Bridge-in-a-backpack(TM) : task 3.2: investigating soil - structure interaction - modeling and experimental results of steel arches.

Science.gov (United States)

2015-07-01

This report includes fulfillment of Task 3.2 of a multi-task contract to further enhance concrete filled FRP tubes, or : the Bridge in a Backpack. Task 3 is an investigation of soil-structure interaction for the FRP tubes. Task 3.2 is the : modeling ...

Bridge-in-a-Backpack(TM). Task 2.3 : low-rise arch study with soil-structure interaction and spread footing foundation.

Science.gov (United States)

2015-01-01

This report includes fulfillment of Task 2.3 of a multi-task contract to further enhance concrete filled FRP tubes, or : the Bridge in a Backpack. Task 2 is an investigation of alternative shapes for the FRP tubes with varying radii. Task : 2.3 explo...

Monadic Functional Reactive Programming

NARCIS (Netherlands)

A.J. van der Ploeg (Atze); C Shan

2013-01-01

htmlabstractFunctional Reactive Programming (FRP) is a way to program reactive systems in functional style, eliminating many of the problems that arise from imperative techniques. In this paper, we present an alternative FRP formulation that is based on the notion of a reactive computation: a

Carbon epoxy front hood for an electrical city vehicle

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Bere Paul

2017-01-01

Full Text Available In the last decade fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP had a very impressive development. Due to its physical and mechanical properties, this material is used in many high-end domains such as: aerospace, aviation, automotive, medical, engineering or building constructions. In the last period FRP are being intensely used in the automotive industry especially for the chassis manufacturing and other vehicle structural components. In this paper, the authors present the model of a carbon epoxy front hood of a two-passenger electrical car which is specially designed in urban area and which makes use of advanced FRP manufacturing.

Parameters That Effect the Interfacial Stresses in Fibre Reinforced Plastic Laminates Strengthened Rc Beams

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Barış Sayın

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The use of externally bonded fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP laminates for strengthening of reinforced concrete beams has become an effective method. This method has been used because of the advantages of FRP materials such as their high strength-to-weight ratio, good corrosion resistance, and versatility in coping with different sectional shapes and corners. Many studies on this theme have been carried out since the early 1900s. In this study, interfacial stresses of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP effect the parameters will be studied as experimental and numerical. Adhesives used in the beams applied to FRP's thickness, adhesive type and the state of the concrete surface, produced experimental samples are exposed to the bending effect will be studied as a comparative. Afterwards, by using the ANSYS® WB finite element program to model and analyze RC beams by externally bonding FRP will be carried out. Adhesive thickness, adhesive type, the concrete surface will be performed by entering the parameters for analysis of stress can be obtained as a result. Thus, the analytical expressions of stress and normal stress equations will establish should be modified. Finite element analysis and experimental results will be compared, compatibility investigated, the results and recommendations presented by the study be completed.

Vastidão de os Seis Pequenos Quadros (1981 de Bruno Kiefer: um estudo sobre sua estrutura intervalar, gestos musicais e possíveis relações com outras composições do autor Vastidão [Vastness] of Seis Pequenos Quadros [Six Small Pictures] (1981 by Bruno Kiefer: a study of its intervallic structure, musical gestures and possible relationships with other works by the composer

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Germano Gastal Mayer

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho oferece uma análise dos gestos musicais e configurações intervalares da peça intitulada Vastidão, pertencente aos Seis Pequenos Quadros (1981 para piano de Bruno Kiefer. A incidência constante de gestos previamente levantados por Luciane CARDASSI (1998 em outras obras de Kiefer bem como a presença do elemento octatônico são estudados e inter-relacionados com obras precedentes do compositor. A teoria dos conjuntos de Allan Forte é utilizada aqui como base teórica. A densidade gestual encontrada nesta composição de data tardia em meio ao conjunto de obras para piano do autor e sua curta duração apontam para uma síntese estilística.The present article offers an analysis of the musical gestures and intervallic configurations of the composition Vastidão [Vastness], which belongs to the set entitled Seis Pequenos Quadros [Six Small Pictures] (1981 for piano by Brazilian composer Bruno Kiefer. The recurring musical gestures from other of Kiefer's compositions, previously surveyed by Luciane CARDASSI (1998, as well as the presence of octatonic elements, are studied and related to preceding Kiefer's works. Set theory by Allan Forte is applied here as a theoretical basis. The density of the gestures observed in this late piece, and its brevity, point to a stylistic synthesis.

Revolutionising catenary design: the use of new materials

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Smulders, H.W.M.; Wouters, P.A.A.F.; Minkman, J.A.; Waes, van J.B.M.

2011-01-01

Traditionally materials used for catenary support structures are steel, concrete or even wood, in combination with the use of insulators. The development of new materials such as Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP) makes a new revolutionary design possible. The use of FRP is expanding rapidly at the

Bridge-in-a-Backpack(TM) task 3.1: investigating soil - structure interaction - experimental design.

Science.gov (United States)

2015-07-01

This report includes fulfillment of Task 3.1 of a multi-task contract to further enhance concrete filled FRP tubes, or : the Bridge in a Backpack. Task 3 is an investigation of soil-structure interaction for the FRP tubes. Task 3.1 is the : design of...

The effects of LiBOB additive for stable SEI formation of PP13TFSI-organic mixed electrolyte in lithium ion batteries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An Yongxin; Zuo Pengjian; Cheng Xinqun; Liao Lixia; Yin Geping

2011-01-01

Highlights: → LiBOB as the additive of SEI formation. → LiBOB containing mixed electrolyte shows well thermal stability and safety. → LiBOB improves the electrochemical performance of PP13TFSI-organic mixture. - Abstract: A safe electrolyte system is prepared from N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PP13TFSI), organic electrolyte (1 mol L -1 LiPF 6 /EC-DEC) and lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB). The additive of LiBOB enhances the stability of interface between electrolyte and anode. The LiBOB-containing mixed electrolytes show non-flammability and good compatibility with active materials. The performance of anode for lithium ion battery is successfully improved by LiBOB-containing mixed electrolytes, which shows 200 mA h g -1 reversible capacities at 0.3 C rate. The ionic conductivity and the lithium ion transference number in LiBOB-containing mixed electrolytes system also suits to application for lithium ion battery.

Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad de la Información y Riesgos de Información en seis sedes de una entidad bancaria del Perú.

OpenAIRE

Salinas Rodríguez, Michael Steve; Valencia Moncada, Julio Andrés

2017-01-01

Resumen En la presente investigación se analizaron y se evaluaron los niveles del riesgo que cuentan seis sedes de una entidad bancaria del Perú en el periodo de investigación de setiembre del 2016 a setiembre del 2017, así como la propuesta realizada sobre la implementación del sistema de gestión de seguridad de la información bajo la norma ISO/IEC 27001:2005 y las etapas del modelo Deming (Plan-Do-Check-Act) y que pueda ser aplicado, mantenido y auditado por la misma entidad, el cual gar...

Ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols and their distribution in whole mung bean, hull and cotyledon.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Barinderjit; Singh, Narpinder; Thakur, Sheetal; Kaur, Amritpal

2017-03-01

In this study, extraction of polyphenols using different solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol and water) with ultrasound and conventional method from whole mung bean (WMB), hull and cotyledon was conducted. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), total antioxidant activities (TAA), ferric reducing power (FRP) and DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined. Ultrasound treated extracts exhibited higher TPC, TFC, TAA, FRP and DPPH in different mung bean fractions than CSE. Among the solvents, acetone showed better TPC, TFC, TAA, FRP and DPPH. Hull had significantly higher TPC, TFC, TAA, FRP and DPPH than WMB and cotyledon. Sinapic acid (SA) was the major polyphenol in different fractions. Acetone extract of hull showed high polyphenol content. SA, ferulic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, resveratrol, quercetin and luteolin were the major contributors to antioxidant activity of acetone extract. Mung bean hull contained the maximum polyphenols and acetone was observed to be the best extraction medium for polyphenols in combination with ultrasound.

Use of pultruded reinforced plastics in energy generation and energy related applications

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, R.

Applications of pultrusion-formed fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) in the wind, oil, and coal derived energy industries are reviewed. FRP is noted to be a viable alternative to wood, aluminum, and steel for reasons of availability, price, and weight. Attention is given to the development of FRP wind turbine blades for the DOE 8 kW low cost, high reliability wind turbine program. The blades feature a NACA 23112 profile with a 15 in. chord on the system which was tested at Rocky Flats, CO. Fabricating the blades involved a plus and minus 45 deg roving orientation, a heavy fiber-glass nose piece to assure blade strength, and a separately manufactured foam core. Additional uses for FRP products have been found in the structural members of coal stack scrubbers using a vinyl ester resin in a fire retardant formulation, and as low cost, light weight sucker rods for deep well oil drilling.

Análisis de los saques de lateral del Torneo de Rugby Seis Naciones 2013

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Pablo Mira Sánchez

2016-03-01

Full Text Available El saque de lateral es una de las formas de reinicio del juego o fases de conquista en un partido de rugby cuantitativa y cualitativamente importante. En este artículo se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los saques de lateral en un torneo internacional de alto nivel. En segundo lugar, se estudiaron las diferencias en esta fase de juego entre los distintos equipos participantes y, finalmente, determinamos las variables que inciden en la conquista de la pelota. A partir de un conjunto inicial de variables se desarrolló, mediante la validación con expertos, una herramienta para la observación de los factores clave. La muestra estuvo constituida por 358 saques de lateral del Torneo Seis Naciones de 2013 que se investigaron mediante análisis de vídeo. Los resultados han mostrado información relevante sobre las variables estudiadas (partido, equipo, casa/fuera, número del saque lateral, iluminación, lluvia, viento, tiempo, resultado, lado, zona, número de jugadores, estructura previa, estructura de salto, posición saltador, cambio de posición, movimiento, amague, ángulo, velocidad, tiempo vuelo, distancia, altura y conquista. Se encontraron diferencias entre los equipos en: el número de jugadores, el ángulo, el tiempo de vuelo y la altura. Por último, entre todas las variables investigadas, encontramos que hay una mayor probabilidad de conquista cuando el tiempo de vuelo dura entre 0,36 y 0,84 s, y la distancia es entre 5 y 10 m.

Vegetation fires, absorbing aerosols and smoke plume characteristics in diverse biomass burning regions of Asia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vadrevu, Krishna Prasad; Lasko, Kristofer; Giglio, Louis; Justice, Chris

2015-01-01

In this study, we explored the relationships between the satellite-retrieved fire counts (FC), fire radiative power (FRP) and aerosol indices using multi-satellite datasets at a daily time-step covering ten different biomass burning regions in Asia. We first assessed the variations in MODIS-retrieved aerosol optical depths (AOD’s) in agriculture, forests, plantation and peat land burning regions and then used MODIS FC and FRP (hereafter FC/FRP) to explain the variations in AOD characteristics. Results suggest that tropical broadleaf forests in Laos burn more intensively than the other vegetation fires. FC/FRP-AOD correlations in different agricultural residue burning regions did not exceed 20% whereas in forest regions they reached 40%. To specifically account for absorbing aerosols, we used Ozone Monitoring Instrument-derived aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) and UV aerosol index (UVAI). Results suggest relatively high AAOD and UVAI values in forest fires compared with peat and agriculture fires. Further, FC/FRP could explain a maximum of 29% and 53% of AAOD variations, whereas FC/FRP could explain at most 33% and 51% of the variation in agricultural and forest biomass burning regions, respectively. Relatively, UVAI was found to be a better indicator than AOD and AAOD in both agriculture and forest biomass burning plumes. Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations data showed vertically elevated aerosol profiles greater than 3.2–5.3 km altitude in the forest fire plumes compared to 2.2–3.9 km and less than 1 km in agriculture and peat-land fires, respectively. We infer the need to assimilate smoke plume height information for effective characterization of pollutants from different sources. (letter)

A Controlled and Retrospective Study of 144 Chronic Low Back Pain Patients to Evaluate the Effectiveness of an Intensive Functional Restoration Program in France

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Isabelle Caby

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Study Design: A controlled and retrospective study of 144 chronic low back pain patients to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive functional restoration program in France. Objective: Evaluating the efficiency of an intensive, dynamic and multidisciplinary functional restoration program in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP, during 6 and 12 months follow up. Summary of background data: Chronic low back pain disease has a multifactor nature, involving physical, psychological professional and social factors. A functional restoration program (FRP has been included in a multidisciplinary training program which provides an efficient therapeutic solution. However, the effectiveness of an FRP has not been yet established. Methods: 144 subjects (71 males, 73 females with chronic low back pain were included in a functional restoration program. The FRP includes physiotherapy and occupational therapy interventions together with psychological counselling. Patients participated as in- or outpatients 6 h per day, 5 days a week over 5 weeks. Pain intensity, trunk flexibility, trunk strength, lifting ability, quality of life and return to work were recorded before, immediately after, and at 6 months and 12 months after the treatment period. Results: All outcome measures were significantly higher just after the FRP (144 patients and at 6 and 12 months (from available data in 31 subjects compared to pre-treatment values. This FRP for chronic low back pain maintained its benefits whatever the patient’s activities. Conclusions: The effects reflected on all outcome measures, both on short and long term follow-up. The multidisciplinary FRP for chronic low back pain patients durably stopped the de-conditioning syndrome and involved new life-style habits for the patient, daily pain management and a return to work.

Criterios que deben valorar los tribunales cubanos para evaluar la veracidad del testimonio emitido por el menor entre tres y seis años de edad, víctima de abuso sexual

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Yoruanys Suñez Tejera

2014-04-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad, una de las cuestiones más debatidas en relación con el testimonio es la tarea que han de realizar el investigador, el fiscal y los jueces al momento de valorarlo, sobre todo los últimos, en tanto son los responsables de dictar un fallo, acto que resulta trascendental por las consecuencias legales que implica. Lo expresado se aprecia sobre todo cuando se trata de determinar si los descargos de los menores entre tres y seis años de edad, víctimas de abuso sexual, coinciden con la verdad material, por lo que es propósito de la presente investigación determinar los criterios que faciliten realizar dicha labor. El trabajo caracteriza psicológica y socialmente al menor víctima de abuso sexual, por lo que los métodos utilizados son el de análisis y síntesis, y el de deducción-inducción. Las técnicas empleadas son la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis de documentos. Como resultados, se determinan los criterios psicosociales que se deben considerar para evaluar la veracidad del testimonio emitido por el menor entre tres y seis años de edad, víctima de abuso sexual.

Impacto del CO2 sobre la densidad celular en seis cepas de microalgas marinas

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Alberto I. Oscanoa Huaynate

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Debido a la gran facilidad con que las microalgas pueden capturar el CO2 del medio ambiente, resulta interesante evaluar la cantidad y tiempo de ingreso de éste a los cultivos masivos, con la fi nalidad de aumentar la densidad celular. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los tiempos de inyección del mencionado gas, durante la producción de biomasa que conlleve a una mayor densidad celular, evaluando además, la variación del pH sin alterar la calidad del cultivo. A partir de seis cepas obtenidas del Banco de Germoplasma del Instituto del Mar del Perú, se realizaron cultivos tipo batch de 300L en invernadero, el tiempo de cultivo de la fase exponencial donde se realizaron las pruebas fue de tres días. Los datos se procesaron mediante el análisis del parámetro pendiente de la regresión lineal. Los resultados mostraron que la densidad celular es inversamente proporcional al tiempo de inyección de CO2 al cultivo. La mayor densidad celular, en las diferentes cepas, se obtuvo a los 5min, excepto para las cepas Chaetoceros gracilisy Nannochloris maculata, las cuales obtienen la mayor densidad a los 10 y 15min, respectivamente. La variación de pH tendió hacia la acidez, en un rango de 8 a 4, sin alterar la densidad celular, por el contrario, los cultivos permanecieron libres de contaminantes. En conclusión, los resultados permiten establecer tiempos adecuados de inyección del CO2, los cuales fortalecen la fase de crecimiento exponencial aumentando la densidad poblacional en un 30% sobre lo establecido en esta fase.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO PÓS-COLHEITA DE SEIS CULTIVARES DE CARAMBOLA (Averrhoa carambola L.

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TEIXEIRA GUSTAVO HENRIQUE DE ALMEIDA

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se as qualidades física e química dos frutos de seis cultivares de carambola (Averrhoa carambola L., propagadas pela Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro, São Paulo, objetivando a obtenção de informações sobre a qualidade dos frutos produzidos nesta região. Foram utilizados frutos das cultivares Tean-ma, Fwang Tung, Arkin, Malásia, Golden Star e Nota-10. Os frutos foram analisados quanto à massa fresca, comprimento, largura, volume, porcentagem de suco, polpa e semente, número de sementes, coloração (L, Cromaticidade e ângulo Hue. Na polpa, determinou-se o pH, assim como o teor de umidade, sólidos solúveis totais (SST, acidez total titulável (ATT, vitamina C, açúcares solúveis totais e redutores, cinzas, proteína, pectina total e solúvel, e minerais (Ca, P, K, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente através de um delineamento inteiramente casualizado e revelaram que os melhores frutos são os originários das cultivares Arkin, Tean-ma e Nota-10, pois são os maiores, os mais pesados e apresentam os maiores teores de sólidos solúveis totais (SST e açúcares solúveis (AST, assim como boa relação SST/ATT. Os frutos da 'Arkin' mostraram coloração mais amarela, enquanto os da 'Golden Star' foram considerados de coloração mais clara, ou com maior translucidez. A textura foi menor nos frutos da 'Arkin', e se relacionou com a maior solubilização de suas pectinas

Effect of releasing pretension for Rc Beams Bonded with Prestressed Fr Strip

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chao-yang, Z.; Xue-jun, H.; Xing-guo, W.; Fei-fei, X

2007-01-01

In this paper, the effect of releasing pretension is theoretically and experimentally investigated for flexural members externally bonded with prestressed FRP laminate or near-surface-mounted with prestressed FRP plate or rod. The stresses of FRP on the interface and at cross sections of a beam are analyzed on the basis of linear elastic theory. The expressions are derived for effective prestress, prestress loss and camber at the midspan of the beam. Tests are performed on two reinforced concrete beams bonded with prestressed GFRP plate. The comparison between the analytical and the measured results shows the analyses in this paper are rational and correct. (author)

Near-real-time global biomass burning emissions product from geostationary satellite constellation

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xiaoyang; Kondragunta, Shobha; Ram, Jessica; Schmidt, Christopher; Huang, Ho-Chun

2012-07-01

Near-real-time estimates of biomass burning emissions are crucial for air quality monitoring and forecasting. We present here the first near-real-time global biomass burning emission product from geostationary satellites (GBBEP-Geo) produced from satellite-derived fire radiative power (FRP) for individual fire pixels. Specifically, the FRP is retrieved using WF_ABBA V65 (wildfire automated biomass burning algorithm) from a network of multiple geostationary satellites. The network consists of two Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) which are operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Meteosat second-generation satellites (Meteosat-09) operated by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, and the Multifunctional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency. These satellites observe wildfires at an interval of 15-30 min. Because of the impacts from sensor saturation, cloud cover, and background surface, the FRP values are generally not continuously observed. The missing observations are simulated by combining the available instantaneous FRP observations within a day and a set of representative climatological diurnal patterns of FRP for various ecosystems. Finally, the simulated diurnal variation in FRP is applied to quantify biomass combustion and emissions in individual fire pixels with a latency of 1 day. By analyzing global patterns in hourly biomass burning emissions in 2010, we find that peak fire season varied greatly and that annual wildfires burned 1.33 × 1012 kg dry mass, released 1.27 × 1010 kg of PM2.5 (particulate mass for particles with diameter forest and savanna fires in Africa, South America, and North America. Evaluation of emission result reveals that the GBBEP-Geo estimates are comparable with other FRP-derived estimates in Africa, while the results are generally smaller than most of the other global products that were derived from burned

Kinematic analysis of rugby lineout throws in the Six Nations Tournament. [Análisis cinemático de los saques de lateral en el Torneo de Rugby del Seis Naciones].

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Ignacio Martín

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract This study examines 126 successful, six- or seven-man lineouts of the 2013 Six Nations Tournament. Data were extracted from footage of the competition to calculate kinematic variables along with jumper position. Through cluster analysis, six types of throw were identified according to distance and velocity: short-fast, short-slow, medium short-fast, medium short-slow, medium long and long. Significant differences were detected in all the variables examined depending on the throw category (throw distance P<0.001; Partial eta square η2=0.932, height P=0.032; η2=0.096, flight time P<0.001; η2=0.789, starting angle P<0.001; η2=0.502, initial velocity P<0.001; η2=0.767 and jumper position P<0.001; η2=0.641. In the discriminant analysis, all variables except jumper position were able to correctly classify 100% of the throws. In addition, we differentiated the six participating teams, finding significant differences in throw height (Scotland vs England difference means d=0.32m, Ireland d=0.36m or France d=0.37m, flight time (Italy vs England d=0.34s or Ireland d=0.33s and angle (Italy vs England d=9.72º or Ireland d=8.49º and Scotland vs England d=8.27º or Ireland d=7.04º. Our findings have implications for training and team analysis (own and rival and also provide direction for future investigations. Resumen El presente estudio ha investigado 126 saques de lateral ganados con seis o siete jugadores en el alineamiento del torneo de las Seis Naciones de 2013 La observación se ha realizado a partir del estudio de los videos, por lo que los datos están extraídos en competición real. Un análisis cluster nos ha permitido establecer seis tipos de lanzamientos en función de la distancia y la velocidad: cortos-rápidos, cortos-lentos, mediocortos-rápidos, mediocortos-lentos, mediolargos y largos. Hemos encontrado diferencias significativas en todas las variables estudiadas en función de los tipos de lanzamiento (distancia del

Paraqueratose granular: relato de seis casos em crianças Granular parakeratosis: a report of six cases in children

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Susana Giraldi

2006-02-01

Full Text Available A paraqueratose granular é alteração da queratinização, primeiramente descrita em adultos, caracterizada por pápulas e placas hiperqueratósicas nas áreas intertriginosas. Os autores descrevem seis casos de paraqueratose granular em crianças. Um paciente apresentava lesões nas regiões glúteas, dois em ambas as axilas e região cervical (apresentações inéditas na literatura. Três pacientes apresentavam lesões em pregas inguinais. Realizam também revisão da literatura e discutem a possível etiologia dessa rara dermatose.Granular parakeratosis is an alteration of keratinization that was first described in adults. It is characterized by hiperkeratotic plaques and papules in intertriginous areas. The authors describe six cases of granular parakeratosis in children. One patient had lesions on the buttocks; two children presented papules in both axillae and cervical region (presentations never described before in the literature. The remaining three patients presented with lesions in the inguinal folds. Review of the literature and discussion on the pathogenesis of this rare dermatosis are presented.

La discapacidad en niños hasta los seis años de edad del municipio Majibacoa

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Nadia Rosa Hechavarría Almaguer

2014-10-01

Full Text Available La discapacidad infantil constituye un gran problema de salud a nivel mundial; conocer sus características permite mejorar su asistencia. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en una muestra de 84 niños diagnosticados con discapacidad transitoria y/o permanente, con el objetivo de caracterizar la discapacidad en niños hasta seis años de edad en el municipio de Majibacoa. Se aplicó un cuestionario a los padres y se realizó un examen físico detallado a los niños, la discapacidad fue definida mediante la clasificación internacional de las funciones, tomando para el estudio las funciones corporales. El mayor porciento ocurrió en el momento del nacimiento, encontrándose una superior incidencia en el grupo de los menores de un año, la diferencia de sexo no fue significativa. Los factores de riesgo en la etapa perinatal se encontraron como los de mayor repercusión. Las discapacidades físico-motoras fueron las más frecuentes, presentándose el retardo en el desarrollo psicomotor como la mayor limitación. Gran parte de la muestra procedió de la zona rural, de la cual un número considerable no asistió a los servicios de rehabilitación

Mar adentro (2004. Una visión diferente seis años después del Óscar

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Antonio-León AGUADO DÍAZ

2016-11-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se exponen diversos aspectos sobre la premiada película “Mar adentro”, de Alejandro Amenábar, analizados seis años después de la obtención del Óscar. Es de sobra conocido que el largometraje narra la historia real de un tetrapléjico, Ramón Sampedro, recalcando las vicisitudes del protagonista hasta conseguir poner fin a su vida. Se hace un análisis de los personajes de la cinta, se recogen las críticas tanto las populares como las cinematográficas y se analiza la visión que se ofrece de la discapacidad. Respetando la opción personal del protagonista, y conscientes de que el tema principal no es la discapacidad sino la eutanasia, se presenta una visión crítica del enfoque ofrecido de la tetraplejia y, en última instancia, de la lesión medular, por considerar que indirectamente resalta aspectos negativos en detrimento de un enfoque positivo de la vivencia con dicha discapacidad. En definitiva, por mostrar una imagen contraria a lo que se viene defendiendo desde este equipo, a saber, que la discapacidad, incluida la lesión medular, es compatible con ser feliz.

In-process, non-destructive multimodal dynamic testing of high-speed composite rotors

Science.gov (United States)

Kuschmierz, Robert; Filippatos, Angelos; Langkamp, Albert; Hufenbach, Werner; Czarske, Jürgern W.; Fischer, Andreas

2014-03-01

Fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) rotors are lightweight and offer great perspectives in high-speed applications such as turbo machinery. Currently, novel rotor structures and materials are investigated for the purpose of increasing machine efficiency, lifetime and loading limits. Due to complex rotor structures, high anisotropy and non-linear behavior of FRP under dynamic loads, an in-process measurement system is necessary to monitor and to investigate the evolution of damages under real operation conditions. A non-invasive, optical laser Doppler distance sensor measurement system is applied to determine the biaxial deformation of a bladed FRP rotor with micron uncertainty as well as the tangential blade vibrations at surface speeds above 300 m/s. The laser Doppler distance sensor is applicable under vacuum conditions. Measurements at varying loading conditions are used to determine elastic and plastic deformations. Furthermore they allow to determine hysteresis, fatigue, Eigenfrequency shifts and loading limits. The deformation measurements show a highly anisotropic and nonlinear behavior and offer a deeper understanding of the damage evolution in FRP rotors. The experimental results are used to validate and to calibrate a simulation model of the deformation. The simulation combines finite element analysis and a damage mechanics model. The combination of simulation and measurement system enables the monitoring and prediction of damage evolutions of FRP rotors in process.

Induction of CXC chemokines in human mesenchymal stem cells by stimulation with secreted frizzled-related proteins through non-canonical Wnt signaling.

Science.gov (United States)

Bischoff, David S; Zhu, Jian-Hua; Makhijani, Nalini S; Yamaguchi, Dean T

2015-12-26

To investigate the effect of secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) on CXC chemokine expression in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). CXC chemokines such as CXCL5 and CXCL8 are induced in hMSCs during differentiation with osteogenic differentiation medium (OGM) and may be involved in angiogenic stimulation during bone repair. hMSCs were treated with conditioned medium (CM) from L-cells expressing non-canonical Wnt5a protein, or with control CM from wild type L-cells, or directly with sFRPs for up to 10 d in culture. mRNA expression levels of both CXCL5 and CXCL8 were quantitated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and secreted protein levels of these proteins determined by ELISA. Dose- (0-500 ng/mL) and time-response curves were generated for treatment with sFRP1. Signal transduction pathways were explored by western blot analysis with pan- or phosphorylation-specific antibodies, through use of specific pathway inhibitors, and through use of siRNAs targeting specific frizzled receptors (Fzd)-2 and 5 or the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor-2 (RoR2) prior to treatment with sFRPs. CM from L-cells expressing Wnt5a, a non-canonical Wnt, stimulated an increase in CXCL5 mRNA expression and protein secretion in comparison to control L-cell CM. sFRP1, which should inhibit both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling, surprisingly enhanced the expression of CXCL5 at 7 and 10 d. Dickkopf1, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling prevented the sFRP-stimulated induction of CXCL5 and actually inhibited basal levels of CXCL5 expression at 7 but not at 10 d post treatment. In addition, all four sFRPs isoforms induced CXCL8 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner with maximum expression at 7 d with treatment at 150 ng/mL. The largest increases in CXCL5 expression were seen from stimulation with sFRP1 or sFRP2. Analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in the presence of OGM showed sFRP1-induced

Software Multimedia para la Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de Seis Medicamentos Homeopáticos Usados en Niños Cuando su Principal Síntoma es la Irritabilidad

OpenAIRE

Velásquez Echeverri, Ana Carolina

2012-01-01

El presente trabajo de grado se desarrolló en el marco de la modalidad producto para docencia y pedagogía. Su propósito fue la creación de una herramienta virtual para el aprendizaje y la enseñanza de seis medicamentos homeopáticos que presentan de forma predominante el síntoma irritabilidad en niños. Se propuso desde el análisis y la síntesis de diferentes materias médicas homeopáticas. Su desarrollo se fundamentó en las teorías del aprendizaje autónomo y significativo, y en un modelo ...

Automutilação ocular: relato de seis casos de enucleação ocular

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Nucci Marcelo G

2000-01-01

Full Text Available No presente trabalho são relatados seis casos de pacientes que cometeram auto-enucleação (cinco unilaterais e uma bilateral, acompanhados no serviço de psiquiatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Unicamp nos últimos dez anos. Além disso, é feita uma revisão da literatura relacionada a esse tipo de comportamento, considerado a forma mais grave e dramática de automutilação ocular. A partir da discussão crítica comparativa entre os aspectos clínicos de cada caso relatado e os dados encontrados na literatura, concluímos que se mostram associados à auto-enucleação: pacientes esquizofrênicos que cometeram a autolesão durante episódios psicóticos agudos, fortes elementos religiosos como parte da psicopatologia, evidências de comportamento automutilatório menos grave antes da auto-enucleação e explicação do ato como relacionado a uma suposta salvação do próprio paciente ou do mundo. Algumas outras características mais específicas de nossos casos também são destacadas: longo tempo de evolução da doença no momento da auto-enucleação; crenças religiosas variando entre três diferentes igrejas cristãs (Católica, Evangélica e Testemunhas de Jeová; presença de uma forma não usual de auto-enucleação com uso de arma de fogo e presença de um caso de auto-enucleação bilateral.

Teste de caminhada de seis minutos: estudo do efeito do aprendizado em portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica Six minutes walk test: study of the effect of learning in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

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Sérgio Leite Rodrigues

2004-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: Testes de caminhada de seis minutos vêm sendo utilizados de forma crescente para avaliar a efetividade de diferentes opções terapêuticas clínicas e cirúrgicas em pneumopatias. Entretanto, a falta de padronização para a sua realização pode influenciar as aferições, prejudicando a qualidade da avaliação. Nesse sentido, formulamos a hipótese de que os pacientes têm melhor performance com a realização do teste de caminhada de seis minutos após aprendizado. OBJETIVO: Determinar o possível efeito do aprendizado na distância percorrida durante o teste de caminhada de seis minutos em portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. MÉTODO: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, 35 prontuários de pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, encaminhados ao Programa de Reabilitação Pulmonar do Hospital Universitário de Brasília, e que tivessem realizado, em dias alternados, dois testes de caminhada de seis minutos, espirometria e gasometria arterial. O diagnóstico clínico e funcional de doença foi baseado na história de exposição a fator de risco, produção de secreção, dispnéia e prova espirométrica alterada, após o uso de broncodilatador. RESULTADOS: Observamos que as distâncias percorridas no segundo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (515 ± 82 metros foram maiores que as distâncias percorridas no primeiro (480 ± 85 metros, com valores estatisticamente significativos (p BACKGROUND: The six minutes walk test has been increasingly utilized to assess the effectiveness of different clinical and surgical treatment options in pulmonary diseases. However lack of standardization for their performance may influence measurements and jeopardize assessment of the functional capacity of patients with cardiopulmonary disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the possible effects of learning on the distance covered during the six minute walk test for bearers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Comparative Analysis of Existing RC Columns Jacketed with CFRP or FRCC

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Marta Del Zoppo

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Reinforced concrete (RC columns typical of existing structures often exhibit premature failures during seismic events (i.e., longitudinal bars buckling and shear interaction mechanisms due to the poor quality concrete and the absence of proper seismic details in the potential plastic hinge region. The Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP externally bonded reinforcement is known to be a valid technique to improve the shear capacity or the ductility of existing RC columns. However, few experimental tests have proven its effectiveness in the case of columns affected by shear interaction mechanisms. In this work, the behavior of existing RC columns with border line behavior between flexure and shear have been investigated in the case of poor quality concrete and light FRP strengthening with local jacketing and medium quality concrete and strong FRP strengthening with local jacketing, in order to highlight the effect of concrete strength on the effectiveness of the retrofit intervention. As an alternative to FRP jacketing; the effectiveness of the Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite (FRCC jacketing for the seismic strengthening of columns with highly deteriorated concrete cover or columns already damaged by an earthquake is also evaluated. Six full-scale RC columns have been tested under cyclic loading: one was used as a control specimen; four were strengthened in the potential plastic hinge region with carbon FRP (CFRP; and one was fully jacketed with FRCC. The comparison between poor and medium quality concrete columns showed that the CFRP local jacketing is more effective in the case of poor quality concrete. The FRCC jacketing appears to be a sound repair strategy and a suitable alternative to the FRP jacketing in case of poor quality; however, more experimental research is needed for improving this retrofit technique.

optimisation of thickness of fibre reinforced polymer sheets for ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is becoming a widely accepted solution for repairing and strengthening of deteriorated reinforced concrete members, to restore their load carrying capacities. One of the major concerns in the use of FRP is its cost. This therefore calls for the use of efficient and cost effective design ...

Mechanical characteristics of connection for GFRP plates using tapping screws

Science.gov (United States)

Inoue, Yuya; Duong, Nguyen Ngoc; Satake, Chito; Matsumoto, Yukihiro

2017-10-01

FRP material has good characteristics such as light-weight, high-strength and high-corrosion resistance. Light-weight structure possesses some advantages over the rational constructing procedure such as self-building structures. In recent years, mechanical characteristics of FRP joints using bolts and/or rivet are investigated in detail, and they are used in many FRP structures. However, the bolts lack bearing strength compared with material strength and the joint needs the prepared bolt hole. In this paper, an alternative joint system for FRP structures using tapping screw is proposed and mechanical characteristics are investigated through experiment. Tapping screw has some advantages; easy-to-use, light-weight and high bearing strength. Then, the results of double-lapped tensile shear tests having one, four and eight tapping screws along longitudinal direction are shown. Moreover, it is shown that longitudinal stress distribution is approximately corresponding to the theoretical stress distribution of double-lapped adhesively bonded joints. Based on these, it is proposed that joint strength can be estimated by using the present calculation method.

An approach for the modeling of interface-body coupled nonlocal damage

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J. Toti

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP can be used for strengthening concrete or masonry constructions. One of the main problem in the use of FRP is the possible detachment of the reinforcement from the support material. This paper deals with the modeling of the FRP-concrete or masonry damage interface, accounting for the coupling occurring between the degradation of the cohesive material and the FRP detachment. To this end, a damage model is considered for the quasi-brittle material. In order to prevent strain localization and strong mesh sensitivity of the solution, an integral-type of nonlocal model based on the weighted spatial averaging of a strain-like quantity is developed. Regarding the interface, the damage is governed by the relative displacement occurring at bond. A suitable interface model which accounts for the mode I, mode II and mixed mode of damage is developed. The coupling between the body damage and the interface damage is performed computing the body damage on the bond surface. Numerical examples are presented.

涡流检波器动态参数辨识算法研究%Study of Algorithm of Dynamic Parameter Recoginze for EDDY-SEIS

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

胡方明; 初秀琴

2000-01-01

通过对涡流检波器(EDDY-SEIS)(简称ES)工作机理的研究,建立了ES的数学物理模型;在总结了前人经验的基础上,提出一种ES动态特性参数辨识的新方法,并设计了一种ES动态参数测试系统.最后进行了系统实验,结果表明该系统所采用的辨识算法是可行的,所设计的测试系统是可靠的.该系统具有重复性好、精度高、测试速度快等优点.

Environmental Degradation of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Fasteners in Wood

Science.gov (United States)

Samuel L. Zelinka; Douglas R. Rammer

2013-01-01

This paper examines the durability of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) nails in treated wood. The FRP nails were exposed to four conditions: (1) accelerated weathering, consisting of exposure to ultraviolet light and condensation; (2) 100% relative humidity (RH); (3) being driven into untreated wood and exposed to 100% RH; and (4) being driven into wood treated with...

Abundancia y diversidad de las comunidades de Streptomyces en seis coberturas vegetales de la franja cafetera del Quindío

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Pilar Corredor

2000-07-01

Full Text Available Se seleccionaron seis coberturas vegetales de la franja cafetera del Quindío para un estudio comparativa de la estructura comunitaria del genero Streptomyces. Mediante recuento en placa se estimó la abundancia y diversidad morfotípica, y a partir de un análisis de PCR-RFLP del marcador rRNA 16S se estimó la diversidad genética de la comunidad aislada por cultivo y de la fracción complementaria no cultivable obtenida par extracción directa de DNA. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la abundancia de Streptomyces entre las 6 coberturas vegetales, obteniendo no obstante valores de diversidad morfotípica sirnilares entre las coberturas. En el análisis genético cultivo-independiente se observo un patrón específico para cada cobertura, presentándose la diversidad genética más alta en la comunidad de los bosques. Los resultados demuestran que la estructura de la comunidad de Streptomyces es dependiente de la cobertura vegetal, en cuanto a los parámetros de diversidad y abundancia estudiados. (Para mayor información consulte Vol. 5 No.1, 2000.

Cuantificación del deterioro funcional durante seis meses en pacientes renales en estadio terminal

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Lucía Ortega Pérez de Villar

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Introducción: Los pacientes en tratamiento de diálisis presentan una disminución de la función física, sin embargo, no hay estudios que demuestren el ritmo al que se produce este deterioro funcional. El objetivo principal es cuantificar el deterioro funcional de los pacientes en tratamiento de diálisis durante seis meses. Métodos: 43 pacientes en tratamiento de diálisis de dos centros de Valencia (España (edad 61.3 (14.7 años fueron analizados después de 6 meses. Los participantes completaron el Short Physical Performance Battery, equilibrio monopodal, el Timed Up and Go Test, Sit to stand to Sit Test 10 y 60, dinamometría de mano; elevación de talón y 6 minutos marcha. Además se recogieron datos de las historias clínicas y de las analíticas. Resultados: Tres de las pruebas mejoraron significativamente tras el periodo de 6 meses de observación: el Sit To Stand 10, la dinamometría de la mano derecha y la dinamometría de la mano izquierda, pero sin alcanzar un cambio clínico relevante. Por otro lado, otras medidas no obtuvieron un deterioro significativo como fueron el Short Physical Performance Battery, el Sit to Stand 60, la elevación del talón izquierdo y el 6 minutos marcha. Conclusiones: Después de 6 meses, en ninguna de las pruebas de capacidad funcional se observa un deterioro significativo. Se recomienda a los centros de hemodiálisis realizar un seguimiento de capacidad funcional anualmente, ya que con un periodo de 6 meses no se encuentran cambios significativos.

Computational fluid dynamics analysis of a twisted airfoil shaped two-bladed H-Darrieus rotor made from fibreglass reinforced plastic (FRP)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gupta, Rajat; Roy, Sukanta; Biswas, Agnimitra [Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Silchar, Assam, 788010 (India)

2010-07-01

H-Darrieus rotor is a lift type device having two to three blades designed as airfoils. The blades are attached vertically to the central shaft through support arms. The support to vertical axis helps the rotor maintain its shape. In this paper, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of an airfoil shaped two-bladed H-Darrieus rotor using Fluent 6.2 software was performed. Based on the CFD results, a comparative study between experimental and computational works was carried out. The H-Darrieus rotor was 20cm in height, 5cm in chord and twisted with an angle of 30{sup o} at the trailing end. The blade material of rotor was Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP). The experiments were earlier conducted in a subsonic wind tunnel for various height-to-diameter (H/D) ratios. A two dimensional computational modeling was done with the help of Gambit tool using unstructured grid. Realistic boundary conditions were provided for the model to have synchronization with the experimental conditions. Two dimensional steady-state segregated solver with absolute velocity formulation and cell based grid was considered, and a standard k-epsilon viscous model with standard wall functions was chosen. A first order upwind discretization scheme was adopted for pressure velocity coupling of the flow. The inlet velocities and rotor rotational speeds were taken from the experimental results. From the computational analysis, power coefficient (Cp) and torque coefficient (Ct) values at ten different H/D ratios namely 0.85, 1.0, 1.10, 1.33, 1.54, 1.72, 1.80, 1.92, 2.10 and 2.20 were calculated in order to predict the performances of the twisted H-rotor. The variations of Cp and Ct with tip speed ratios were analyzed and compared with the experimental results. The standard deviations of computational Cp and Ct from experimental Cp and Ct were obtained. From the computational analysis, the highest values of Cp and Ct were obtained at H/D ratios of 1.0 and 1.54 respectively. The deviation of

Optimizing variable radius plot size and LiDAR resolution to model standing volume in conifer forests

Science.gov (United States)

Ram Kumar Deo; Robert E. Froese; Michael J. Falkowski; Andrew T. Hudak

2016-01-01

The conventional approach to LiDAR-based forest inventory modeling depends on field sample data from fixed-radius plots (FRP). Because FRP sampling is cost intensive, combining variable-radius plot (VRP) sampling and LiDAR data has the potential to improve inventory efficiency. The overarching goal of this study was to evaluate the integration of LiDAR and VRP data....

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction of fluorescence recovery protein from Synechocystis PCC 6803

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Ting; Shuai, Yingli; Zhou, Honggang

2011-01-01

Fluorescence recovery protein from Synechocystis PCC 6803 plays a key role in the orange carotenoid protein-related photoprotective mechanism in cyanobacteria. The full-length form and a truncated form were overexpressed, purified and crystallized, and diffraction was observed to 2.75 Å resolution. Fluorescence recovery protein (FRP), which is encoded by the slr1964 gene in Synechocystis PCC 6803, plays a key role in the orange carotenoid protein-related photoprotective mechanism in cyanobacteria. As the crystal structure of FRP may provide information about the biological functions and mechanism of action of the protein, recombinant full-length FRP and a truncated form were overexpressed, purified and crystallized at 291 K using ethylene imine polymer as the precipitant. An FRP data set was collected to a resolution of 2.75 Å at low temperature (100 K). The crystal belonged to space group P4 1 2 1 2, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 61.9, c = 160.7 Å, α = β = γ = 90°. Assuming that the asymmetric unit contains three molecules, the Matthews coefficient was calculated to be 2.1 Å 3 Da −1

SEI Overview

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-11

SOA DoD NextGen Chief Architect Support FAB-T, PMAG and EELV study GPS III satellite and OCX N-CSDS Global Hawk GSRA and UCS ORS SAF/A6...Workshop ATAM QAW eLearning Pilots Technical Assessments QUASAR Mission Success in Complex Environments Line-Funded Exploratory New Starts (LENS

Sustainability of fiber reinforced laminate and honeycomb composites in manufacturing industries

Science.gov (United States)

Asmatulu, Eylem; Alonayni, Abdullah; Alamir, Mohammed; Rahman, Muhammad M.

2018-03-01

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites provide a lot of benefits, including strength-to-weight ratio / light weight, superior mechanical properties, low maintenance, prolonged service life, as well as corrosion, fatigue and creep resistance. However, sustainability of the FRP composites have not been studied in detail in terms of long term productions in various industries, such as aerospace, wind energy, automotive and defense. Carbon fibers are relatively expensive because of the energy intensive production systems, and lack of easy production options, which forces many companies to recycle and reuse the FRP composites in the same or different manufacturing industries. This study mainly deals with two important issues, including the disposal of composite wastes generated during the manufacturing of composite parts, and the disposal of the products at the end of their useful life. It is believed that the carbon fibers in the used composites will have still high mechanical strengths to use in different composite manufacturing after its end of life. The major manufacturing costs come from the labor and raw materials, so using the recycled carbon fibers will make sustainable composite productions in other industries. This paper presents the current status and outlook of the FRP composite recycling and re-manufacturing techniques in the same or different industries. A future vision of the FRP composites will be investigated with sustainability point of views. This study will also mention about the sustainability issues in laminate and honeycomb composites, new product design and developments and potential applications in different manufacturing industries.

High-resolution nondestructive testing of multilayer dielectric materials using wideband microwave synthetic aperture radar imaging

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Tae Hee; James, Robin; Narayanan, Ram M.

2017-04-01

Fiber Reinforced Polymer or Plastic (FRP) composites have been rapidly increasing in the aerospace, automotive and marine industry, and civil engineering, because these composites show superior characteristics such as outstanding strength and stiffness, low weight, as well as anti-corrosion and easy production. Generally, the advancement of materials calls for correspondingly advanced methods and technologies for inspection and failure detection during production or maintenance, especially in the area of nondestructive testing (NDT). Among numerous inspection techniques, microwave sensing methods can be effectively used for NDT of FRP composites. FRP composite materials can be produced using various structures and materials, and various defects or flaws occur due to environmental conditions encountered during operation. However, reliable, low-cost, and easy-to-operate NDT methods have not been developed and tested. FRP composites are usually produced as multilayered structures consisting of fiber plate, matrix and core. Therefore, typical defects appearing in FRP composites are disbondings, delaminations, object inclusions, and certain kinds of barely visible impact damages. In this paper, we propose a microwave NDT method, based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging algorithms, for stand-off imaging of internal delaminations. When a microwave signal is incident on a multilayer dielectric material, the reflected signal provides a good response to interfaces and transverse cracks. An electromagnetic wave model is introduced to delineate interface widths or defect depths from the reflected waves. For the purpose of numerical analysis and simulation, multilayered composite samples with various artificial defects are assumed, and their SAR images are obtained and analyzed using a variety of high-resolution wideband waveforms.

Contour scanning of textile preforms using a light-section sensor for the automated manufacturing of fibre-reinforced plastics

Science.gov (United States)

Schmitt, R.; Niggemann, C.; Mersmann, C.

2008-04-01

Fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP) are particularly suitable for components where light-weight structures with advanced mechanical properties are required, e.g. for aerospace parts. Nevertheless, many manufacturing processes for FRP include manual production steps without an integrated quality control. A vital step in the process chain is the lay-up of the textile preform, as it greatly affects the geometry and the mechanical performance of the final part. In order to automate the FRP production, an inline machine vision system is needed for a closed-loop control of the preform lay-up. This work describes the development of a novel laser light-section sensor for optical inspection of textile preforms and its integration and validation in a machine vision prototype. The proposed method aims at the determination of the contour position of each textile layer through edge scanning. The scanning route is automatically derived by using texture analysis algorithms in a preliminary step. As sensor output a distinct stage profile is computed from the acquired greyscale image. The contour position is determined with sub-pixel accuracy using a novel algorithm based on a non-linear least-square fitting to a sigmoid function. The whole contour position is generated through data fusion of the measured edge points. The proposed method provides robust process automation for the FRP production improving the process quality and reducing the scrap quota. Hence, the range of economically feasible FRP products can be increased and new market segments with cost sensitive products can be addressed.

Load and speed effects on the cervical flexion relaxation phenomenon

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Descarreaux Martin

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP represents a well-studied neuromuscular response that occurs in the lumbar and cervical spine. However, the cervical spine FRP has not been investigated extensively, and the speed of movement and loading effects remains to be characterized. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the influence of load and speed on cervical FRP electromyographic (EMG and kinematic parameters and to assess the measurement of cervical FRP kinematic and EMG parameter repeatability. Methods Eighteen healthy adults (6 women and 12 men, aged 20 to 39 years, participated in this study. They undertook 2 sessions in which they had to perform a standardized cervical flexion/extension movement in 3 phases: complete cervical flexion; the static period in complete cervical flexion; and extension with return to the initial position. Two different rhythm conditions and 3 different loading conditions were applied to assess load and speed effects. Kinematic and EMG data were collected, and dependent variables included angles corresponding to the onset and cessation of myoelectric silence as well as the root mean square (RMS values of EMG signals. Repeatability was examined in the first session and between the 2 sessions. Results Statistical analyses revealed a significant load effect (P Conclusions The load increase evoked augmented FRP onset and cessation angles as well as heightened muscle activation. Such increments may reflect the need to enhance spinal stability under loading conditions. The kinematic and EMG parameters showed promising repeatability. Further studies are needed to assess kinematic and EMG differences between healthy subjects and patients with neck pain.

Mapeamento Epidemiológico das Parasitoses Intestinais em Seis Bairros do Município de Araraquara/SP

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Viviane Ferre de Souza

2015-12-01

Full Text Available No Brasil, grandes inquéritos coproparasitológicos foram realizados até a década de 70. Nos últimos anos, contamos apenas com trabalhos isolados, que nem sempre podem ser comparados. Entretanto, nas regiões com infra-estrutura urbana deficiente, os inquéritos mostram que grande parte da população residente encontra-se parasitada (Gross et al., 1994: Santana et al., 1994. O estudo epidemiológico de quaisquer parasitas intestinais proporciona diversas informações, especialmente quanto à insalubridade do meio, nível e extensão do saneamento básico de uma região e também quanto aos hábitos higiênicos da população em estudo. Desta forma, neste estudo tivemos como objetivo caracterizar a incidência de parasitoses intestinais em moradores de seis bairros do município de Araraquara/SP. Nossos resultados demonstraram a grande incidência de parasitas intestinais. A Endolimax nana foi o parasita intestinal mais encontrado. Embora não sendo patogênico, sua existência revela a exposição destas pessoas a contaminantes fecais. A Giardia lamblia foi o parasita intestinal patogênico mais encontrado. Houve similaridade de acometimento das parasitoses tanto no sexo feminino quanto no masculino. O bairro Selmi Dei obteve o maior índice dessas parasitoses, caracterizando-se como o bairro de maior preocupação para saúde pública do município de Araraquara/SP.

O TRATAMENTO RESTAURADOR ATRAUMÁTICO NOS CURSOS DE ODONTOLOGIA DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ NA PERCEPÇÃO DE ACADÊMICOS E PROFISSIONAIS: ESTUDO DE SEGUIMENTO DE SEIS MESES APÓS A FORMATURA

OpenAIRE

ALESSANDRA DE SOUZA MARTINS

2016-01-01

Este estudo investigou as atitudes de cirurgiões-dentistas sobre o ART, desde o último mês de graduação até seis meses após a formatura, em relação ao interesse de utilização da estratégia no serviço público e privado. Trata-se de um estudo de seguimento cuja amostra, na primeira etapa da pesquisa, foi composta por 400 acadêmicos concluintes dos cursos de odontologia de 10 faculdades paranaenses e no segundo momento, desses 400 acadêmicos, 112 responderam ao questionário,agora como profiss...

Study on the Mechanical and Interfacial Property of Injection Molded Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics

OpenAIRE

王, 存涛

2014-01-01

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been used widely in the land transportation, aerospace, marine structures and characteristically conservative infrastructure construction industries and generally, the interface plays very important role in the properties of FRP materials. Therefore, this research studied the mechanical and interfacial property involved in the non-weld samples, weld samples and adhesive samples of insert moldings. Green composites as one of environment-friendly m...

Comparison of Polymer Networks Synthesized by Conventional Free Radical and RAFT Copolymerization Processes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

OpenAIRE

Patricia Pérez-Salinas; Gabriel Jaramillo-Soto; Alberto Rosas-Aburto; Humberto Vázquez-Torres; María Josefa Bernad-Bernad; Ángel Licea-Claverie; Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima

2017-01-01

There is a debate in the literature on whether or not polymer networks synthesized by reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) processes, such as reversible addition-fragmentation radical transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomers, are less heterogeneous than those synthesized by conventional free radical copolymerization (FRP). In this contribution, the syntheses by FRP and RAFT of hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethylene methacrylate (HEMA) and ethylene glycol dimet...

Hygrotermal effects evaluation using the losipescu shear test for glare laminates

OpenAIRE

Botelho, Edson Cocchieri [UNESP; Rezende, Mirabel C.; Pardini, Luis Claudio

2008-01-01

Fiber-metal laminates (FML) composed of alternating layers of unidirectional fibers-reinforced plastic (FRP) laminae and aluminum-alloy sheets offer some superior mechanical properties, compared with either conventional laminates consisting of only, FRP laminae or high-strength monolithic aluminum alloys. The environmental factors can limit the applications of composites by deteriorating the mechanical properties during service. Usually, polymeric matrix absorbs moisture when exposed to humid...

Hygrotermal effects evaluation using the iosipescu shear test for glare laminates

OpenAIRE

Botelho, Edson C.; Rezende, Mirabel C.; Pardini, Luis Claudio

2008-01-01

Fiber-metal laminates (FML) composed of alternating layers of unidirectional fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) laminae and aluminum-alloy sheets offer some superior mechanical properties, compared with either conventional laminates consisting of only FRP laminae or high-strength monolithic aluminum alloys. The environmental factors can limit the applications of composites by deteriorating the mechanical properties during service. Usually, polymeric matrix absorbs moisture when exposed to humid e...

Tracking of [{sup 18}F]FDG-labeled natural killer cells to HER2/neu-positive tumors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meier, Reinhard [Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco (United States)], E-mail: reinhardt.meier@gmail.com; Piert, Morand [Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Michigan (United States); Piontek, Guido; Rudelius, Martina [Institute of Pathology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (Germany); Oostendorp, Robert A. [3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (Germany); Senekowitsch-Schmidtke, Reingard [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (Germany); Henning, Tobias D. [Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco (United States); Wels, Winfried S.; Uherek, Christoph [Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Rummeny, Ernst J. [Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (Germany); Daldrup-Link, Heike E. [Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco (United States)

2008-07-15

Introduction: The objective of this study was to label the human natural killer (NK) cell line NK-92 with [{sup 18}F]fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) for subsequent in vivo tracking to HER2/neu-positive tumors. Methods: NK-92 cells were genetically modified to NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cells, which express a chimeric antigen receptor that is specific to the tumor-associated ErbB2 (HER2/neu) antigen. NK-92 and NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cells were labeled with [{sup 18}F]FDG by simple incubation at different settings. Labeling efficiency was evaluated by a gamma counter. Subsequently, [{sup 18}F]FDG-labeled parental NK-92 or NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cells were intravenously injected into mice with implanted HER2/neu-positive NIH/3T3 tumors. Radioactivity in tumors was quantified by digital autoradiography and correlated with histopathology. Results: The NK-92 and NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cells could be efficiently labeled with [{sup 18}F]FDG by simple incubation. Optimal labeling efficiencies (80%) were achieved using an incubation period of 60 min and additional insulin (10 IU/ml). After injection of 5x10{sup 6} [{sup 18}F]FDG-labeled NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cells into tumor-bearing mice, digital autoradiography showed an increased uptake of radioactivity in HER2/neu-positive tumors at 60 min postinjection. Conversely, injection of 5x10{sup 6} NK-92 cells not directed against HER2/neu receptors did not result in increased uptake of radioactivity in the tumors. Histopathology confirmed an accumulation of the NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cells, but not the parental NK cells, in tumor tissues. Conclusion: The human NK cell line NK-92 can be directed against HER2/neu antigens by genetic modification. The genetically modified NK cells can be efficiently labeled with [{sup 18}F]FDG, and the accumulation of these labeled NK cells in HER2/neu-positive tumors can be monitored with autoradiography.

Tracking of [18F]FDG-labeled natural killer cells to HER2/neu-positive tumors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meier, Reinhard; Piert, Morand; Piontek, Guido; Rudelius, Martina; Oostendorp, Robert A.; Senekowitsch-Schmidtke, Reingard; Henning, Tobias D.; Wels, Winfried S.; Uherek, Christoph; Rummeny, Ernst J.; Daldrup-Link, Heike E.

2008-01-01

Introduction: The objective of this study was to label the human natural killer (NK) cell line NK-92 with [ 18 F]fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) for subsequent in vivo tracking to HER2/neu-positive tumors. Methods: NK-92 cells were genetically modified to NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cells, which express a chimeric antigen receptor that is specific to the tumor-associated ErbB2 (HER2/neu) antigen. NK-92 and NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cells were labeled with [ 18 F]FDG by simple incubation at different settings. Labeling efficiency was evaluated by a gamma counter. Subsequently, [ 18 F]FDG-labeled parental NK-92 or NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cells were intravenously injected into mice with implanted HER2/neu-positive NIH/3T3 tumors. Radioactivity in tumors was quantified by digital autoradiography and correlated with histopathology. Results: The NK-92 and NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cells could be efficiently labeled with [ 18 F]FDG by simple incubation. Optimal labeling efficiencies (80%) were achieved using an incubation period of 60 min and additional insulin (10 IU/ml). After injection of 5x10 6 [ 18 F]FDG-labeled NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cells into tumor-bearing mice, digital autoradiography showed an increased uptake of radioactivity in HER2/neu-positive tumors at 60 min postinjection. Conversely, injection of 5x10 6 NK-92 cells not directed against HER2/neu receptors did not result in increased uptake of radioactivity in the tumors. Histopathology confirmed an accumulation of the NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cells, but not the parental NK cells, in tumor tissues. Conclusion: The human NK cell line NK-92 can be directed against HER2/neu antigens by genetic modification. The genetically modified NK cells can be efficiently labeled with [ 18 F]FDG, and the accumulation of these labeled NK cells in HER2/neu-positive tumors can be monitored with autoradiography

Implementación de la metodología DMAIC-Seis Sigma en el envasado de licores en Fanal

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Esteban Pérez-López

2014-09-01

Se proponen algunas soluciones como: medir y monitorear la eficiencia de cada máquina en la línea con un indicador efectivo como el OEE (eficiencia general de los equipos, controlar las paradas no obligatorias de manera que el proceso sea más fluido y expedito, automatizar algunos subprocesos en la línea de manera que los operadores no tengan que realizar trabajos que una máquina puede hacer con facilidad y a menor costo. En síntesis, con la mejora conseguida por medio de la metodología DMAIC-Seis Sigma en la línea de envasado de licores en pet de Fanal se logra pasar de un OEE de 47% al inicio a uno de 80% al final de las mejoras implementadas (entrenamiento al personal de mantenimiento y de la línea, así como la creación del plan de mantenimiento, lo que ofrece una solución integral al problema presentado y permite cubrir la demanda en el período de mayor venta; además de permitir la reducción de tiempos muertos en el proceso y una mayor utilización de los recursos instalados y del recurso humano involucrado, de manera tal que se optimiza a su máximo rendimiento la capacidad de la línea productiva, generándole mayores ingresos anuales a la empresa.

Calculating the Carrying Capacity of Flexural Prestressed Concrete Beams with Non-Metallic Reinforcement

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Mantas Atutis

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The article reviews moment resistance design methods of prestressed concrete beams with fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP reinforcement. FRP tendons exhibit linear elastic response to rupture without yielding and thus failure is expected to be brittle. The structural behaviour of beams prestressed with FRP tendons is different from beams with traditional steel reinforcement. Depending on the reinforcement ratio, the flexural behaviour of the beam can be divided into several groups. The numerical results show that depending on the nature of the element failure, moment resistance calculation results are different by using reviewed methods. It was found, that the use of non-metallic reinforcement in prestressed concrete structures is effective: moment capacity is about 5% higher than that of the beams with conventional steel reinforcement.Article in Lithuanian

Pertumbuhan dan Struktur Umur Kerang Kepah (Meretrix meretrix di Kampung Nipah Desa Sei Nagalawan Kecamatan Perbaungan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai

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Nafi Sakila

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Sei Nipah has enormous potential for natural resources. Natural resources that serve as the main livelihood in fulfilling daily needs in Kampung Nipah is shellfish. Shellfish (M. meretrix is one of the shells that many interested by the surrounding community. The purpose of this research is to know growth parameter and age group of shellfish (M. meretrix in Kampung Nipah. The sampling technique was done randomly (simple random sampling. Sampling time is done at low tide. Sampling was conducted in March - May 2017. The results showed differences in the length of different shells each month. The size group of shellfish (M. meretrix found only one size group during the three months of the study. Analysis of shellfish growth parameters based on data of long frequency distribution showed length of infiniti (L? 33,10 mm and growth growth (K that was 1,21 per month. Von Bertalanffy Growth Parameters Lt = 33.1 (1-e [-1.21 (t + 0.12] Long infiniti size is seen the growth of shellfish shells can no longer be worked Shells reach maximum length at the age of 13 months with a shell length of 33.10 mm.The youthful shells have rapid growth and as age increases, when it reaches old age the rate of growth will slow even.

Análise comparativa da aplicação do programa Seis Sigma em processos de manufatura e serviços Comparative analyses of Six-Sigma program application in manufacturing and services process

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Luis Ricardo Galvani

2013-01-01

Full Text Available O programa Seis Sigma nasceu e evoluiu em ambiente de manufatura, mas também pode ser utilizado em processos de serviços. Porém sua utilização nesse ambiente tem sido feita de forma mais modesta, com menor participação de empresas e, consequentemente, menor número de casos e relatos divulgados. Este trabalho buscou comparar e analisar a aplicação do programa Seis Sigma em manufatura e serviços, por meio de revisão da literatura, análise de projetos vivenciados pelo autor e pesquisa de campo em empresas praticantes do programa. Apesar da limitação da amostra, os resultados mostram fortes indícios de diferenças significativas cuja melhor compreensão pode ajudar a obter melhores resultados em aplicações em serviços.The Six-sigma program has its roots in the manufacturing field, but it can be applied to a service process. However, this application has been done in a modest manner, with the participation of few companies and, as a consequence, few cases, projects, and papers have been exposed. This paper presents a comparative analysis of Six-sigma program application in manufacturing and services process by literature review, comparative analyses of Six-sigma projects experienced by the author, and case studies with companies that apply the program in the manufacturing and services field. Even with sample restriction, the results show key differences that can lead to benefits to services application.

Relação entre sistemas de medição de desempenho e projetos Seis Sigma: estudo de caso múltiplo The relationship between performance measurement systems and Six Sigma projects: multiple case study

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Ricardo Coser Mergulhão

2008-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a relação existente entre sistemas de medição de desempenho e desenvolvimento dos projetos seis sigma por meio de estudo de caso múltiplo. O relacionamento mútuo estabelecido a partir do referencial teórico foi observado na pesquisa de campo. Além disto, observou-se que existe um caráter temporal nessa relação. O sistema de medição de desempenho exerce influência primeiro. O relacionamento se dá por meio de fatores que exercem influência positiva e negativa sobre o desenvolvimento dos projetos. Já os projetos seis sigma atuam como alavancas externas na reflexão após o uso do sistema nos projetos levando a modificações no sistema de medição de desempenho.This paper aims to investigate the relationship between performance measurement systems and development of six sigma projects. Five case studies were carried out in Brazilian companies. The empirical findings supported the mutual relationship established after the literature review. Furthermore, a delay was observed in the relationship. The performance measurement system influences first the development of projects. There are factors which exerts both negative and positive influences on projects. In other hand, the six sigma projects play a role of external leverage during the reflection of using performance measurement system which leads to change of such systems.

Modeling Unidirectional Composite Laminates Using XFEM

Science.gov (United States)

2015-06-30

evaluated. For example, Benvenuti et al.22 applied XFEM concepts to modeling FRP-reinforced concrete and Sosa and Karapurath23 used XFEM to model...shows the translucent final configurations with = 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 ksi, respectively. When fracture occurs, denoted in red, it is located...REFERENCES (Cont’d) 22. E. Benvenuti, O. Vitarelli, A. Tralli, “Delamination of FRP-Reinforced Concrete by Means of an eXtended Finite Element

Seis gramáticos celebérrimos, y sus gramáticas: Panini, Dionicio de Tracia, Antonio de Nebrija, Andrés Bello, Rufino José Cuervo Urisarri y Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar

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JOSELYN CORREDOR TAPIAS

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta, en primer lugar, unas consideraciones liminares sobre la gramática. Expone algunas definiciones y perspectivas acerca de ésta; contiene algunos datos generales, más gramaticales que biográficos, acerca de seis figuras descollantes en el ámbito de la gramática: Panini, De Tracia, De Nebrija, Bello, Cuervo, y Caro; finalmente, se concluye con la importancia de dominar un acervo gramatical-lingüístico, si se trata de estudiar, en el contexto de su enseñanza, la lengua materna o una extranjera.

Frequência Cardíaca de Recuperação no Primeiro Minuto no Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos em Pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca

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Sabrina Lindemberg

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: A frequência cardíaca de recuperação no primeiro minuto (FCR1 é um preditor de mortalidade na insuficiência cardíaca (IC, mas seu prognóstico não foi avaliado no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M nesses pacientes. Objetivo: Esse estudo teve como objetivo determinar a FCR1 no TC6M em pacientes com IC e sua correlação com a distância percorrida em seis minutos (DP6M. Métodos: Protocolo controlado, transversal, com 161 indivíduos, 126 pacientes com IC sistólica estável, divididos em dois grupos (G1 e G2, que receberam ou não β-bloqueador e 35 voluntários no grupo controle (G3 que tiveram a FCR1 registrada no TC6M. Resultados: A FCR1 e a DP6M foram significativamente diferentes nos três grupos. Os valores médios de FCR1 e DP6M foram: FCR1 = 12 ± 14 bpm G1, 18 ± 16 bpm G2 e 21 ± 13 bpm G3; DP6M = 423 ± 102 m G1, G2 396 ± 101 m e 484 ± 96 m G3 (p < 0,05. Os resultados demonstraram uma correlação entre FCR1 e DP6M no G1 (r = 0,3, p = 0,04 e G3 (r = 0,4, p = 0,03, mas não em G2 (r = 0,12, p = 0,48. Conclusão: A resposta da FCR1 foi atenuada em pacientes em uso de βB e mostrou correlação com o TC6M, refletindo uma melhor tolerância ao exercício. A FCR1 após a DP6M parece representar uma alternativa quando os testes de esforço na esteira não são tolerados.

Asset Management Business Model for Design, Realization, and Maintenance of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Bridges

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rizal Sebastian

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This paper particularly addresses the market implementation of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP for bridges. It presents the concept of demand and supply chain innovation as being investigated within two ongoing European collaborative research projects (FP7 titled Trans-IND and PANTURA. FRP has emerged as a real alternative structural material based on various sustainability considerations, among others the reduced life-cycle cost due to less maintenance needs, longer lifetime, and easiness to repair, replace, or recycle the components. The Trans-IND research project aims to develop and demonstrate new industrialized processes to use FRP for civil infrastructure projects at a large scale. In order to be cost effective, a new value-chain strategy for the design, realization, and maintenance of FRP bridges is required to replace the fragmented supply chain and the one-off approach to a construction project. This paper focuses on the development of new business models based on asset management strategy, which covers the entire demand and supply chains. Research on new business models is supported by the insight into the market and regulatory frameworks in different EU countries. This is based on field surveys across the EU that have been carried out as a part of the Trans-IND and PANTURA collaborative research projects.

Optimizing the Flexural Strength of Beams Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars Using Back-Propagation Neural Networks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bahman O. Taha

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The reinforced concrete with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP bars (carbon, aramid, basalt and glass is used in places where a high ratio of strength to weight is required and corrosion is not acceptable. Behavior of structural members using (FRP bars is hard to be modeled using traditional methods because of the high non-linearity relationship among factors influencing the strength of structural members. Back-propagation neural network is a very effective method for modeling such complicated relationships. In this paper, back-propagation neural network is used for modeling the flexural behavior of beams reinforced with (FRP bars. 101 samples of beams reinforced with fiber bars were collected from literatures. Five important factors are taken in consideration for predicting the strength of beams. Two models of Multilayer Perceptron (MLP are created, first with single-hidden layer and the second with two-hidden layers. The two-hidden layer model showed better accuracy ratio than the single-hidden layer model. Parametric study has been done for two-hidden layer model only. Equations are derived to be used instead of the model and the importance of input factors is determined. Results showed that the neural network is successful in modeling the behavior of concrete beams reinforced with different types of (FRP bars.

Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites as Internal and External Reinforcements for Building Elements

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cătălin Banu

2008-01-01

Full Text Available During the latest decades fibre reinforced polymer (FRP composite materials have proven valuable properties and suitable to be used in construction of new buildings and in upgrading the existing ones. These materials have covered the road from research laboratory and demonstration projects to implementation in actual structures. Nowadays the civil and structural engineering communities are about to commence the stage in which the use of FRP composites is becoming a routine similar to that of traditional material such as concrete, masonry and wood. Two main issues are presented in this paper, the use of FRP composite materials for new structural members (internal reinforcements and strengthening of existing members (externally bonded reinforcements. The advantages and disadvantages as well as the problems and constraints associated with both issues are discussed in detail mainly related to concrete members.

Behaviour of reinforced columns with E_Glass fiber and carbon fiber

OpenAIRE

BOUCHELAGHEM Hafida; BEZAZI Abederrezak; Benzanache Naziha; SCARPA Fabrizio

2018-01-01

Externally bonded reinforcement using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is a good response to the concern represented by the need for rehabilitation of concrete structures. These techniques are more and more attractive because of their fast and low labour costs, very good strength to weight ratio, good fatigue properties, and non-corrosive characteristics of FRP. The present work is an experimental study investigating the mechanical behaviour under a uni-axial loading of short concrete columns r...

Performance and Characterization of Shear Ties for Use in Insulated Precast Concrete Sandwich Wall Panels

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-01

stainless 14 steel, galvanized carbon steel, carbon- fiber -reinforced polymer (CFRP), glass- fiber -reinforced polymer 15 (GFRP), and basalt - fiber ...CFRP Grid, (E) Universal Building Products GFRP Teplo Tie, and (F) Universal Building Products 6 Basalt FRP RockBar. Traditional steel connections...1.6 E Universal Building Products TeploTie GFRP Tie 10 mm dia. x 150 mm F RockBar Basalt FRP Bar 7 in. x 5/16 in. G TSA Manufacturing C-Clip

Numerical Study for Compressive Strength of Basalt Composite Sandwich Infill Panel

OpenAIRE

Viriyavudh Sim; Jung Kyu Choi; Yong Ju Kwak; Oh Hyeon Jeon; Woo Young Jung

2017-01-01

In this study, we investigated the buckling performance of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) sandwich infill panels. Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) is a major evolution for energy dissipation when used as infill material of frame structure, a basic Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) infill wall system consists of two FRP laminates surrounding an infill of foam core. Furthermore, this type of component is for retrofitting and strengthening frame structure to withstand the seismic disaster. In...

Thermographic inspection of bond defects in Fiber Reinforced Polymer applied to masonry structures

Science.gov (United States)

Masini, N.; Aiello, M. A.; Capozzoli, L.; Vasanelli, E.

2012-04-01

Nowadays, externally bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) are extensively used for strengthening and repairing masonry and reinforced concrete existing structures; they have had a rapid spread in the area of rehabilitation for their many advantages over other conventional repair systems, such as lightweight, excellent corrosion and fatigue resistance, high strength, etc. FRP systems applied to masonry or concrete structures are typically installed using a wet-layup technique.The method is susceptible to cause flaws or defects in the bond between the FRP system and the substrate, which may reduce the effectiveness of the reinforcing systems and the correct transfer of load from the structure to the composite. Thus it is of primary importance to detect the presence of defects and to quantify their extension in order to eventually provide correct repair measurements. The IR thermography has been cited by the several guidelines as a good mean to qualitatively evaluate the presence of installation defects and to monitor the reinforcing system with time.The method is non-destructive and does not require contact with the composite or other means except air to detect the reinforcement. Some works in the literature have been published on this topic. Most of the researches aim at using the IR thermography technique to characterize quantitatively the defects in terms of depth, extension and type in order to have an experimental database on defect typology to evaluate the long term performances of the reinforcing system. Nevertheless, most of the works in the literature concerns with FRP applied to concrete structures without considering the case of masonry structures. In the present research artificial bond defects between FRP and the masonry substrate have been reproduced in laboratory and the IR multi temporal thermography technique has been used to detect them. Thermographic analysis has been carried out on two wall samples having limited dimensions (100 x 70 cm) both

Minutes of the Explosive Safety Seminar (18th) Held at San Antonio, Texas on 12-14 September 1978. Volume 2

Science.gov (United States)

1978-09-14

1975), "The Characterization and Evaluation of Accidental Explosions," NASA CR-134779, Grant NSG 3008, June 1975. 3. Strehlow, P. A. and Baker, W. E...of Blast Waves from Bursting Pressurized Frangible Spheres," NASA CR-2843, Grant NSG 3008, May 1977. 9. Boyer, W. D., Brode, H. L., Glass, I. I...applications during the past years. Less than two decades ago, the first futuristic FRP house was unveiled at Disneyland , CA. Today the FRP industry

Functional Reactive Programming on the Web - A Practical Evaluation

OpenAIRE

Young, Christian Strand

2015-01-01

The web as an application platform is rising rapidly. With more complex solutions written in JavaScript that run client-side, as well as server-side, challenges related to JavaScript's asynchronous nature arise. This thesis explores and applies the Functional Reactive Programming paradigm (FRP) on the web as an alternative to traditional imperative programming. The potential of FRP in a context of the web is shown through case implementations of general practical real world problems that web ...

Biomass Burning Emissions from Fire Remote Sensing

Science.gov (United States)

Ichoku, Charles

2010-01-01

Knowledge of the emission source strengths of different (particulate and gaseous) atmospheric constituents is one of the principal ingredients upon which the modeling and forecasting of their distribution and impacts depend. Biomass burning emissions are complex and difficult to quantify. However, satellite remote sensing is providing us tremendous opportunities to measure the fire radiative energy (FRE) release rate or power (FRP), which has a direct relationship with the rates of biomass consumption and emissions of major smoke constituents. In this presentation, we will show how the satellite measurement of FRP is facilitating the quantitative characterization of biomass burning and smoke emission rates, and the implications of this unique capability for improving our understanding of smoke impacts on air quality, weather, and climate. We will also discuss some of the challenges and uncertainties associated with satellite measurement of FRP and how they are being addressed.

On the Performance of a Very Large All-GFRP Strut and Tie Structure

Science.gov (United States)

Boscato, G.; Mottram, J. T.; Russo, S.

2014-09-01

An analysis of the dynamic response of a fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) structure serving as a temporary (weather) shelter for the church of S. Maria Paganica in L'Aquila is presented. The church suffered roof collapse during a magnitude 6.3 earthquake in April, 2009. The structure is a rectilinear space frame constructed from built-up members of pultruded profiles and steel bolted FRP gusset plates. It has a maximum height of 32 m, covers an area of 1050 m2, and weighs (only) 120 kN. Foundations are free-standing blocks of reinforced concrete connected, just above the floor of the church, by steel bars 16 mm in diameter. A finite-element analysis (FEA) is used to determine the seismic response of the main section to the FRP structure. The nonlinear FE responses of the structure subjected to design response spectra (in the ultimate limit state) are presented and evaluated.

Transparency and communication: Kipling’s six questions/ Transparencia y comunicación: las seis preguntas de Kipling

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Elisa Baraibar-Diez

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Transparency has become an object of desire for managers and companies, and it is one of the keys of organizational communication. However, it is often mistakenly understood as a mere form of disclosure, considering only one-way communication to the receiver. Shortcomings identified in definitions of transparency lead to propose it through the consistency of the elements of communication: issuer, message, channel and receiver, as well as the questions posed by Kipling in one of his most famous works, where he introduces his six honest serving men: what, why, when, how, where and who (6W. A three-dimensional model of transparency is proposed with a 7-step path, which constitutes a very simple and useful tool for companies, who have to think over and assess the suitability of each element if they want to implement a transparent communication strategy. La transparencia se ha convertido en objeto de deseo para gestores y empresas, convirtiéndola en una de las claves para la comunicación organizacional. Sin embargo, suele entenderse como una mera forma de divulgación, considerando únicamente la comunicación unidireccional al receptor. Las deficiencias identificadas en las definiciones de transparencia nos llevan a plantearla de nuevo basándonos en la consistencia entre los elementos de la comunicación: mensaje, mensaje, canal y receptor, así como en los seis honestos servidores de Kipling: qué, por qué, cuándo, cómo, dónde y quién (6W. Se propone un modelo tridimensional de transparencia junto con un sendero de 7 pasos que constituyen una herramienta sencilla y útil para las empresas, que han de reflexionar y valorar la idoneidad de cada elemento para implementar una estrategia de comunicación transparente.

El Campus Virtual de Salud Pública: seis años de formar recursos humanos en México

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Igor Ramos Herrera

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo muestra, desde el punto de vista de la normatividad de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS, el proceso de gestación, la metodología de implementación y los resultados obtenidos de la iniciativa de formación de recursos humanos en salud vía e-learning a través del Campus Virtual de Salud Pública de la Universidad de Guadalajara, México, a seis años de su inicio. Se trata de un informe especial del trabajo realizado por el comité institucional del campus virtual en la región occidental de México para generar un portal de Internet que se ajustara a los lineamientos del Modelo Estratégico establecido por el Nodo México y la OPS para la Región de las Américas. Este Campus Virtual inició sus actividades en el año 2007. Su filosofía es el uso de software libre y la colaboración entre instituciones. El nodo fue implementado en un año y ha logrado capacitar a más de 500 profesionales de la salud a través de cursos virtuales, su plataforma educativa y un repositorio de recursos virtuales de aprendizaje con interoperabilidad con los repositorios de México y de la Región de las Américas. El comité del Campus Virtual de la Universidad de Guadalajara ha intentado respetar lo más posible al modelo propuesto, lo que ha permitido cumplir la mayoría de los objetivos fijados en el plan de trabajo inicial, aunque ha enfrentado una serie de dificultades administrativas y de motivación de sus integrantes.

Desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento inferencial y comprensión de lectura en niños de tres a seis años

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Lina Gil Chaves

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación, enmarcada en el grupo de investigación “Cognición y lenguaje en la infancia”, describe las habilidades de pensamiento inferen- cial y las habilidades de compresión de lectura en niños de nivel preescolar y establecer relaciones entre ambos. Se diseñaron dos grupos de tareas para identificar las habilidades en estas dos áreas (uno por cada área y se observaron sus relaciones con el género, la edad y el nivel socioeconómico en 120 niños de tres a seis años, pertenecientes a diferentes grados de preescolar. Se encontró que las habilidades de pensamiento inferencial y las de comprensión de lectura presentan diferen- cias en distintas edades y en diferentes niveles socioeconómicos, con mejores desempeños en las inferencias complementarias y en la habilidad de relacionar el texto con el contexto. Existe correl- ación directa entre el pensamiento inferencial y la comprensión de lectura, que se refleja fuertemente en la correlación entre inferencias complemen- tarias y conocimiento lingüístico.

Detection method of flexion relaxation phenomenon based on wavelets for patients with low back pain

Science.gov (United States)

Nougarou, François; Massicotte, Daniel; Descarreaux, Martin

2012-12-01

The flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) can be defined as a reduction or silence of myoelectric activity of the lumbar erector spinae muscle during full trunk flexion. It is typically absent in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP). Before any broad clinical utilization of this neuromuscular response can be made, effective, standardized, and accurate methods of identifying FRP limits are needed. However, this phenomenon is clearly more difficult to detect for LBP patients than for healthy patients. The main goal of this study is to develop an automated method based on wavelet transformation that would improve time point limits detection of surface electromyography signals of the FRP in case of LBP patients. Conventional visual identification and proposed automated methods of time point limits detection of relaxation phase were compared on experimental data using criteria of accuracy and repeatability based on physiological properties. The evaluation demonstrates that the use of wavelet transform (WT) yields better results than methods without wavelet decomposition. Furthermore, methods based on wavelet per packet transform are more effective than algorithms employing discrete WT. Compared to visual detection, in addition to demonstrating an obvious saving of time, the use of wavelet per packet transform improves the accuracy and repeatability in the detection of the FRP limits. These results clearly highlight the value of the proposed technique in identifying onset and offset of the flexion relaxation response in LBP subjects.

Composite wind turbine towers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Polyzois, D. [Manitoba Univ., Winnipeg, MB (Canada). Dept. of Civil Engineering

2008-07-01

This paper discussed experiments conducted to optimized the advanced composite materials such as fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRP) used to fabricate wind turbine towers. FRP materials are used in tubular steel, lattice, guyed, and reinforced concrete towers. The towers and turbine blades are transported in segments and assembled on-site, sometimes in offshore or remote locations.The FRP composites are used to build towers with a high strength-to-weight ratio as well as to provide resistance to chemical attacks and corrosion. Use of the materials has resulted in towers that do not require heavy installation equipment. Experimental programs were conducted to verify the structural behaviour of the tower structure's individual-scaled cells as well as to evaluate the performance of multi-cell assemblies. Joint assembly designs were optimized, and a filament winding machine was used to conduct the experimental study and to test individual cells. Failure mode analyses were conducted to determine local buckling and shear rupture. Tension, compression, and shear properties of the FRP materials were tested experimentally, and data from the test were then used to develop finite element models of the composite towers as well as to obtain load deflection curves and tip oscillation data. A case study of a 750 kW wind turbine in Churchill, Manitoba was used to test the design. tabs., figs.

Prevalência da anemia e fatores associados em crianças de seis a 59 meses de Pernambuco

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Luciana Pedrosa Leal

2011-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de anemia e identificar seus fatores associados em crianças de seis a 59 meses. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com dados da III Pesquisa Estadual de Saúde e Nutrição/Pernambuco em amostra representativa de 1.403 crianças para as áreas urbana e rural. A anemia foi diagnosticada pela dosagem da hemoglobina. A análise multivariada foi realizada a partir de um modelo hierárquico, utilizando a regressão de Poisson, com variância robusta para estimar a razão de prevalência em função de variáveis: biológicas, de morbidade e estado nutricional da criança, socioeconômicas, de habitação, de saneamento e fatores maternos. RESULTADOS: A prevalência ponderada de anemia foi de 32,8%: 31,5% na área urbana e 36,6% na rural. Na área urbana, as variáveis que se associaram significantemente à anemia foram: escolaridade materna, bens de consumo, número de crianças menores de cinco anos no domicílio, tratamento da água de beber, idade e anemia materna e idade da criança. Na área rural, apenas a idade materna e a idade da criança associaram-se de modo significante à anemia. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de anemia nas crianças pernambucanas é semelhante nas áreas urbana e rural. Os fatores associados à anemia apresentados devem ser considerados no planejamento de medidas efetivas para o seu controle.

Developing Sustainable Urban Water-Energy Infrastructures: Applying a Multi-Sectoral Social-Ecological-Infrastructural Systems (SEIS) Framework

Science.gov (United States)

Ramaswami, A.

2016-12-01

Urban infrastructure - broadly defined to include the systems that provide water, energy, food, shelter, transportation-communication, sanitation and green/public spaces in cities - have tremendous impact on the environment and on human well-being (Ramaswami et al., 2016; Ramaswami et al., 2012). Aggregated globally, these sectors contribute 90% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and 96% of global water withdrawals. Urban infrastructure contributions to such impacts are beginning to dominate. Cities are therefore becoming the action arena for infrastructure transformations that can achieve high levels of service delivery while reducing environmental impacts and enhancing human well-being. Achieving sustainable urban infrastructure transitions requires: information about the engineered infrastructure, and its interaction with the natural (ecological-environmental) and the social sub-systems In this paper, we apply a multi-sector, multi-scalar Social-Ecological-Infrastructural Systems framework that describes the interactions among biophysical engineered infrastructures, the natural environment and the social system in a systems-approach to inform urban infrastructure transformations. We apply the SEIS framework to inform water and energy sector transformations in cities to achieve environmental and human health benefits realized at multiple scales - local, regional and global. Local scales address pollution, health, wellbeing and inequity within the city; regional scales address regional pollution, scarcity, as well as supply risks in the water-energy sectors; global impacts include greenhouse gas emissions and climate impacts. Different actors shape infrastructure transitions including households, businesses, and policy actors. We describe the development of novel cross-sectoral strategies at the water-energy nexus in cities, focusing on water, waste and energy sectors, in a case study of Delhi, India. Ramaswami, A.; Russell, A.G.; Culligan, P.J.; Sharma, K

The effect of Home Visit during the first six weeks of postpartum on the quality of life of primiparous women referred to Shiraz health centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Efecto de la visita domiciliaria en las seis primeras semanas de postparto en la calidad de vida de las mujeres primíparas Efeito da visita domiciliária nas seis primeiras semanas de pós-parto na qualidade de vida das mulheres primíparas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fariba Ghodsbin

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Objective. To evaluate the effect of home visitation programs during the first six weeks of postpartum on the quality of life of primiparous women. Methodology. Controlled clinical trial. The 52 primiparous women who were referred to healthcare centers of the University of Shiraz (Iran were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n = 26 or a control group (n = 26. An instrument was applied including demographic information and the Specific Postnatal Quality of Life (SPQOL scale (30 items with Likert-type response options ranging from 0 to 4, the higher the score the better the quality of life. The intervention conducted during the first six weeks of postpartum consisted of an educational program developed during four sessions from 30 minutes to one hour, dealing with topics of nutrition, physical support, ways of having appropriate relations with the spouse, and exercises for the postpartum. During weeks 0 and 6, the SPQOF was applied in both study groups. Results. Both groups were similar regarding the socio-demographic variables. The difference between SPQOL scores from the first and second evaluations was 39.6 in the intervention group versus 6.2 in the control group (p Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la visita domiciliaria en las seis primeras semanas de postparto en la calidad de vida de mujeres primíparas. Metodología. Ensayo clínico controlado. Las 52 mujeres primíparas remitidas a los centros de salud de la Universidad de Shiraz (Irán fueron asignadas en forma aleatoria al grupo de intervención (n=26 o al de control (n=26. Se aplicó un instrumento que incluía información demográfica y la escala Specific Postnatal Quality of Life -SPQOL- (30 ítems con opciones de respuesta tipo Lickert que van de 0 a 4, a mayor puntaje major calidad de vida. La intervención fue realizada durante las primeras seis semanas de posparto, la cual consistió en un programa educativo desarrollado en cuatro sesiones, de 30 minutos a una hora

Residual Tensile Strength and Bond Properties of GFRP Bars after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Devon S. Ellis

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP bars in reinforced concrete members enhances corrosion resistance when compared to traditional steel reinforcing bars. Although there is ample research available on the behavior of FRP bars and concrete members reinforced with FRP bars under elevated temperatures (due to fire, there is little published information available on their post-fire residual load capacity. This paper reports residual tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and bond strength (to concrete of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP bars after exposure to elevated temperatures of up to 400 °C and subsequent cooling to an ambient temperature. The results showed that the residual strength generally decreases with increasing temperature exposure. However, as much as 83% of the original tensile strength and 27% of the original bond strength was retained after the specimens were heated to 400 °C and then cooled to ambient temperature. The residual bond strength is a critical parameter in post-fire strength assessments of GFRP-reinforced concrete members.

The Use of Fire Radiative Power to Estimate the Biomass Consumption Coefficient for Temperate Grasslands in the Atlantic Forest Biome

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bibiana Salvador Cabral da Costa

Full Text Available Abstract Every year, many active fire spots are identified in the satellite images of the southern Brazilian grasslands in the Atlantic Forest biome and Pampa biome. Fire Radiative Power (FRP is a technique that uses remotely sensed data to quantify burned biomass. FRP measures the radiant energy released per time unit by burning vegetation. This study aims to use satellite and field data to estimate the biomass consumption rate and the biomass consumption coefficient for the southern Brazilian grasslands. Three fire points were identified in satellite FRP products. These data were combined with field data, collected through literature review, to calculate the biomass consumption coefficient. The type of vegetation is an important variable in the estimation of the biomass consumption coefficient. The biomass consumption rate was estimated to be 2.237 kg s-1 for the southern Brazilian grasslands in Atlantic Forest biome, and the biomass consumption coefficient was estimated to be 0.242 kg MJ-1.

Residual Tensile Strength and Bond Properties of GFRP Bars after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures.

Science.gov (United States)

Ellis, Devon S; Tabatabai, Habib; Nabizadeh, Azam

2018-02-27

The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars in reinforced concrete members enhances corrosion resistance when compared to traditional steel reinforcing bars. Although there is ample research available on the behavior of FRP bars and concrete members reinforced with FRP bars under elevated temperatures (due to fire), there is little published information available on their post-fire residual load capacity. This paper reports residual tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and bond strength (to concrete) of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars after exposure to elevated temperatures of up to 400 °C and subsequent cooling to an ambient temperature. The results showed that the residual strength generally decreases with increasing temperature exposure. However, as much as 83% of the original tensile strength and 27% of the original bond strength was retained after the specimens were heated to 400 °C and then cooled to ambient temperature. The residual bond strength is a critical parameter in post-fire strength assessments of GFRP-reinforced concrete members.

Dielectric properties of the ITER TFMC insulation after low temperature reactor irradiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Humer, K.; Weber, H.W.; Hastik, R.; Hauser, H.; Gerstenberg, H.

2001-01-01

The insulation system for the Toroidal Field Model Coil of ITER is a fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) laminate, which consists of a combined Kapton/R-glass-fiber reinforcement tape, vacuum-impregnated with an epoxy DGEBA system. Pure disk shaped laminates, disk shaped FRP/stainless-steel sandwiches, and conductor insulation prototypes were irradiated at 5 K in a fission reactor up to a fast neutron fluence of 10 22 m -2 (E>0.1MeV) to investigate the radiation induced degradation of the dielectric strength of the insulation system. After warm-up to room temperature, swelling, weight loss, and the breakdown strength were measured at 77 K. The sandwich swells by 4% at a fluence of 5x10 21 m -2 and by 9% at 1x10 22 m -2 . The weight loss of the FRP is 2% at 1x10 22 m -2 . The dielectric strength remained unchanged over the whole dose range. (author)

Assessment of fire emission inventories during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) experiment

Science.gov (United States)

Pereira, Gabriel; Siqueira, Ricardo; Rosário, Nilton E.; Longo, Karla L.; Freitas, Saulo R.; Cardozo, Francielle S.; Kaiser, Johannes W.; Wooster, Martin J.

2016-06-01

Fires associated with land use and land cover changes release large amounts of aerosols and trace gases into the atmosphere. Although several inventories of biomass burning emissions cover Brazil, there are still considerable uncertainties and differences among them. While most fire emission inventories utilize the parameters of burned area, vegetation fuel load, emission factors, and other parameters to estimate the biomass burned and its associated emissions, several more recent inventories apply an alternative method based on fire radiative power (FRP) observations to estimate the amount of biomass burned and the corresponding emissions of trace gases and aerosols. The Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model (3BEM) and the Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN) are examples of the first, while the Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model with FRP assimilation (3BEM_FRP) and the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) are examples of the latter. These four biomass burning emission inventories were used during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) field campaign. This paper analyzes and inter-compared them, focusing on eight regions in Brazil and the time period of 1 September-31 October 2012. Aerosol optical thickness (AOT550 nm) derived from measurements made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) operating on board the Terra and Aqua satellites is also applied to assess the inventories' consistency. The daily area-averaged pyrogenic carbon monoxide (CO) emission estimates exhibit significant linear correlations (r, p > 0.05 level, Student t test) between 3BEM and FINN and between 3BEM_ FRP and GFAS, with values of 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. These results indicate that emission estimates in this region derived via similar methods tend to agree with one other. However, they differ more from the estimates derived via the alternative approach. The evaluation of MODIS AOT550 nm indicates that model simulation driven by 3BEM and FINN

Electromechanical effects of bepridil on rabbit isolated hearts.

OpenAIRE

Anno, T.; Furuta, T.; Itoh, M.; Kodama, I.; Toyama, J.; Yamada, K.

1984-01-01

Electromechanical effects of a new antianginal agent, bepridil, on Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts were compared with those of verapamil and lidocaine. Bepridil at concentrations above 2 X 10(-7)M caused a dose-related decrease in heart rate (HR), a prolongation of the atrio-His bundle conduction time (A-H interval) and a prolongation of the functional refractory period (FRP) of the atrioventricular (A-V) node. Similar changes in HR, A-H interval and the FRP of the A-V node were observed w...

Influência da salinidade da água no crescimento de seis genótipos de helicônias

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Helder M. M. Barros

2010-12-01

Full Text Available No Nordeste brasileiro a qualidade das águas utilizadas em irrigação é muito variável tanto em termos geográficos como ao longo do ano, principalmente em pequenos açudes. Com a utilização de águas com altos níveis de salinidade aliada às condições climáticas, comumente encontradas no final do período de estiagem, há riscos de salinização dos solos irrigados com prejuízos, também, para as culturas. Para helicônias, não existem quaisquer indicativos relacionados ao efeito da salinidade da água no desenvolvimento. Propôs-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o crescimento na altura de planta mediante altura, número de folhas, teor de água na planta e fitomassa seca de seis genótipos de helicônias irrigados com águas salinas. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação pertencente à UFCG/Campina Grande, PB, compondo um esquema fatorial 6 x 6 em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, cada um com dois vasos. O crescimento das helicônias foi afetado significativamente pelos níveis de salinidade. A H. latispatha cv. Red-Yellow Gyro e a H. psittacorum cv. Red Opal foram as helicônias menos afetadas pela salinidade. O teor de água na planta diminuiu com o aumento da CE da água de irrigação. Com o aumento da salinidade, ocorreu decréscimo na fitomassa seca. A H. x nickeriensis apresentou os menores índices em comparação com as demais helicônias, sendo mais sensível à salinidade.

Interacciones tróficas de las seis especies de peces más abundantes en la pesquería artesanal en dos bahías del Pacífico Central Mexicano

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J.R Flores Ortega

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Se analizaron los componentes tróficos de las seis especies de peces más importantes en la captura de la pesquería artesanal en las Bahía de Navidad y Chamela, ubicadas en la costa de Jalisco, México. Las especies estudiadas fueron Microlepidotus brevipinnis, Caranx caballus, Haemulon flaviguttatum, Lutjanus guttatus, Lutjanus argentiventris y Mulloidichthys dentatus. Se consideraron dos periodos de estudio de acuerdo a las pautas hidroclimáticas y los patrones de producción biológica en la zona: periodo de influencia de la Contracorriente Norecuatorial (T1, y periodo de influencia de la Corriente de California (T2. En Bahía de Navidad se identificaron 78 presas en total para las seis especies. En el periodo comprendido entre julio y diciembre (T1 se identificaron 64 presas y 45 de enero a junio (T2. En Bahía de Chamela se identificaron 93 presas, encontrando 74 presas en el periodo T1 y 60 presas para el periodo T2. El mayor número de presas se encontró en M. dentatus con 34 presas en el periodo T1 de Bahía de Chamela y el menor número fue en H. flaviguttatum en T1 de Bahía de Navidad con solo 7 presas. Los crustáceos fueron las presas de mayor presencia en la dieta, seguidos por peces, moluscos, poliquetos y equinodermos, en ambos periodos y sitios de muestreo. Las seis especies analizadas se consideran como especialistas, dados los bajos valores del índice de amplitud de nicho en ambos periodos y sitios de muestreo.Trophic interactions of the six most abundant fish species in the artisanal fishery in two bays, central Mexican Pacific. We surveyed the trophic components in six species of Bahía de Navidad and Bahía de Chamela: Microlepidotus brevipinnis, Caranx caballus, Haemulon flaviguttatum, Lutjanus guttatus, L. argentiventris and Mulloidichthys dentatus. Two main seasonal periods were considered: 1 North Equatorial Counter Current NECC period influence (T1 and 2 California Current CC period influence (T2. In Bahía de

Desempenho de seis híbridos de repolho na época chuvosa de Areia-PB Performance of six cabbage hybrids during the rainy season of Areia-PB

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Ademar P. de Oliveira

1999-07-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento dos seis híbridos de repolho Midore, Rotan, Saikô, Fuyu, Matsukaze e Roxo em condições chuvosas. O ensaio foi conduzido no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, em Areia-PB, no período de abril a julho de 1996 em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, testando-se seis híbridos em quatro repetições, em parcelas com 20 plantas úteis, espaçadas de 0,80 m entre fileiras e 0,40 m entre plantas. Avaliaram-se as características: produtividade, peso médio, índice de formato e compacidade de cabeça, além de tolerância à podridão-negra. Os resultados obtidos indicaram o híbrido Midore, como opção de cultivo para a época chuvosa em Areia, considerando-se o peso médio de 1,314 kg, produtividade de 30,62 t/ha, formato arredondado da cabeça, compacidade e alta tolerância à podridão-negra, quando comparado com a performance do Matsukaze, considerado padrão comercial em Areia.The objective of the work was to evaluate the behaviour of six cabbage hybrids: Midore, Rotan, Saikô, Fuyu, Matsukaze and Roxo in rainy conditions. The study was conducted in the Center of Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba, in Areia-PB, on a Red-yellow Latossoil, between the period of April to July 1996. The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design, with six treatments and four repetitions, in plots of 20 analyseable plants, spaced 0.80 m between rows and 0.40 m between plants. Productivity, medium head weight, format index, head compactness, and tolerance to black rot were evaluated. The results obtained indicated the hybrid Midore as an option for cultivation in the rainy season in Areia, when considering a productivity of 30.62 t/ha, medium weight of 1.314 kg, compact and rounded head format, and high tolerance to black rot, compared to the performance of Matsukaze, considered commercial

Carcinoma espinocelular do conduto auditivo externo: estudo por tomografia computadorizada de seis casos Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal: computed tomography findings in six cases

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Fábio Mota Gonzalez

2005-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a importância da avaliação tomográfica da extensão profunda dos carcinomas espinocelulares do conduto auditivo externo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram realizados exames tomográficos com cortes axiais e coronais com janelas para partes moles e óssea em seis pacientes com carcinoma espinocelular do conduto auditivo externo, com idade variando entre 55 e 71 anos, internados no Hospital Heliópolis, no período entre maio de 1995 e dezembro de 2003. RESULTADOS: Dos seis pacientes, todos apresentavam aumento de partes moles no conduto auditivo externo, cinco (83,3% tinham erosão óssea e invasão da orelha média, quatro (66,7% possuíam comprometimento da mastóide e da glândula parótida, três (50% apresentavam invasão da articulação temporomandibular, dois (33,3% tinham invasão da fossa média, do canal carotídeo e linfonodomegalia júgulo-carotídea alta ipisilateral. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação da extensão tumoral profunda fornecida pela tomografia computadorizada é importante no estadiamento clínico, possibilitando um planejamento terapêutico mais eficaz.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of computed tomography in the assessment of deep extension of squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period between May 1995 and December 2003 six patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal were submitted to computed tomography scan at "Hospital Heliópolis", São Paulo, SP, Brazil, including axial and coronal slices with soft tissue and bone algorithms. RESULTS: Thickening of the soft tissue of the external auditory canal was seen in all patients, bone erosion and invasion of the middle ear in five (83.3%, invasion of the mastoid and parotid gland in four (66.7%, invasion of the temporomandibular joint in three (50%, and invasion of the middle cranial fossa, carotid canal and cervical lymph node enlargement in two (33.3% patients. CONCLUSION: Assessment of

A GENERAL ANALYTICAL APPROACH FOR PRESTRESSED AND NON-PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAM-COLUMNS REINFORCED WITH BONDED AND UNBONDED COMPOSITES: (I THEORY

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J. A. RODRIGUEZ-GUTIÉRREZ

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Se propone un metodo de analisis que determina la respuesta a corto y largo plazo de vigas columnas de hormigon pretensado y no pretensado reforzado con cualquier combinacion de barras de FRP y/o placas, barras de acero, torones pretensados adheridos o no adheridos. El metodo de analisis propuesto incluye vigas y columnas revestidas con telas FRP y tubos de FRP rellenos de hormigon. Tambien se incluyen los efectos de la rigidez a traccion, fluencia y retraccion del hormigon y la relajacion de la armadura de acero pretensado. Se adoptan los modelos de Vecchio y Collins [1] y de Popovics [2, 3] en las relaciones esfuerzo-deformacion del hormigon a traccion y a compresion, respectivamente. Las relaciones esfuerzo-deformacion de los refuerzos de acero y de FRP se modelan mediante lineas rectas multiples (esto es, lineas poligonales. El metodo de las fibras (modificado es utilizado para calcular los diagramas momento-curvatura a diferentes niveles de la carga axial aplicada (es decir, las curvas M-P-¿Ö y el metodo de Gauss de integracion (para la suma de las contribuciones de los fibras paralelas al eje neutro para calcular las rotaciones laterales y deflexiones a lo largo de la luz de la viga-columna. La validez del modelo propuesto y las ecuaciones correspondientes se pusieron a prueba con datos experimentales disponibles en la literatura tecnica (vease la parte II de esta publicacion.

Estimating the behavior of RC beams strengthened with NSM system using artificial neural networks

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Seyed Rohollah Hosseini Vaez

2017-12-01

Full Text Available In the last decade, conventional materials such as steel and concrete are being replaced by fiber reinforced polymer (FRP materials for the strengthening of concrete structures. Among the strengthening techniques based on Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites, the use of near-surface mounted (NSM FRP rods is emerging as a promising technology for increasing flexural and shear strength of deficient concrete, masonry and timber members. An artificial neural network is an information processing tool that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems (such as the brain process the information. The key element of this tool is the novel structure of the information processing system. In engineering applications, a neural network can be a vector mapper which maps an input vector to an output one. In the present study, a new approach is developed to predict the behavior of strengthened concrete beam using a large number of experimental data by applying artificial neural networks. Having parameters used as input nodes in ANN modeling such as elastic modulus of the FRP reinforcement, the ratio of the steel longitudinal reinforcement, dimensions of the beam section, the ratio of the NSM-FRP reinforcement and characteristics of concrete, the output node was the flexural strength of beams. The idealized neural network was employed to generate empirical charts and equations to be used in design. The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of strengthened RC beam using artificial neural networks.

Down-regulation of Fusarium oxysporum endogenous genes by Host-Delivered RNA interference enhances disease resistance

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Zongli eHu

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Fusarium oxysporum is a devastating pathogen causing extensive yield losses in a variety of crops and development of sustainable, environmentally friendly methods to improve crop resistance is crucial. We have used Host-Derived RNA interference (HD-RNAi technology to partially silence three different genes (FOW2, FRP1 and OPR in the hemi-biotrophic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans. Expression of double stranded RNA molecules targeting fungal pathogen genes was achieved in a number of transgenic Arabidopsis lines. F. oxysporum infecting the transgenic lines displayed substantially reduced mRNA levels on all three targeted genes, with an average of 75%, 83% and 72% reduction for FOW2, FRP1 and OPR respectively. The silencing of pathogen genes had a clear positive effect on the ability of the transgenic lines to fight infection. All transgenic lines displayed enhanced resistance to F. oxysporum with delayed disease symptom development, especially FRP1 and OPR lines. Survival rates after fungal infection were higher in the transgenic lines compared to control wild type plants which consistently showed survival rates of 10%, with FOW2 lines showing 25% survival; FRP1 lines 30-50% survival and FOW2 between 45-70% survival. The down-regulation effect was specific for the targeted genes without unintended effects in related genes. In addition to producing resistant crops, HD-RNAi can provide a useful tool to rapidly screen candidate fungal pathogenicity genes without the need to produce fungal knockout mutants.

Down-regulation of Fusarium oxysporum endogenous genes by Host-Delivered RNA interference enhances disease resistance

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Zongli; Parekh, Urvi; Maruta, Natsumi; Trusov, Yuri; Botella, Jimmy

2015-01-01

Fusarium oxysporum is a devastating pathogen causing extensive yield losses in a variety of crops and development of sustainable, environmentally friendly methods to improve crop resistance is crucial. We have used Host-Derived RNA interference (HD-RNAi) technology to partially silence three different genes (FOW2, FRP1 and OPR) in the hemi-biotrophic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans. Expression of double stranded RNA molecules targeting fungal pathogen genes was achieved in a number of transgenic Arabidopsis lines. F. oxysporum infecting the transgenic lines displayed substantially reduced mRNA levels on all three targeted genes, with an average of 75%, 83% and 72% reduction for FOW2, FRP1 and OPR respectively. The silencing of pathogen genes had a clear positive effect on the ability of the transgenic lines to fight infection. All transgenic lines displayed enhanced resistance to F. oxysporum with delayed disease symptom development, especially FRP1 and OPR lines. Survival rates after fungal infection were higher in the transgenic lines compared to control wild type plants which consistently showed survival rates of 10%, with FOW2 lines showing 25% survival; FRP1 lines 30-50% survival and FOW2 between 45-70% survival. The down-regulation effect was specific for the targeted genes without unintended effects in related genes. In addition to producing resistant crops, HD-RNAi can provide a useful tool to rapidly screen candidate fungal pathogenicity genes without the need to produce fungal knockout mutants.

Qualidade das silagens de seis genótipos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench em diferentes estádios de maturação

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Molina L.R.

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de silagens de sorgo, realizou-se o plantio, a colheita e a ensilagem de seis genótipos dessa forrageira utilizando-se delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com 18 tratamentos, sendo seis híbridos e três épocas de corte (leitoso, corte 1, pastoso, corte 2 e farináceo, corte 3 e quatro repetições. O material original foi analisado quanto ao teor de matéria seca (MS. Na abertura dos silos determinaram-se o pH e o N-NH3/NT no suco das silagens. As silagens foram analisadas quanto aos níveis de proteína bruta (PB, MS, frações fibrosas e teor de ácidos orgânicos. Os genótipos de sorgo avaliados foram: BR 601, BR 303, BR 304, AG 2006, BR 700 e BRS 701. Todos os híbridos apresentaram diferenças no teor de matéria seca no material original entre alguns cortes (P<0,05. Para essa característica, houve diferenças entre híbridos (P<0,05 para um mesmo corte. Quanto ao teor de MS da silagem, todos os híbridos apresentaram diferenças entre os cortes 1 e 2 e entre os cortes 1 e 3. Apenas os híbridos AG 2006 e BR 700 apresentaram diferenças entre os corte 2 e 3. Houve diferenças entre híbridos (P< 0,05 quanto ao teor de MS em um mesmo corte. O menor valor numérico para essa característica foi obtido no corte 1 do BR 601 (20,8%, e o maior valor foi para o BR 304 no corte 3 (49,1%. Os valores de pH do suco da silagem variaram entre 3,6 e 3,9. Os híbridos BR 303 e BR 304 apresentaram os maiores teores de PB. Conclui-se que os indicadores de padrões de fermentação (pH, N-NH3/NT, e teores de ácidos orgânicos demonstram que as silagens em todos os tratamentos apresentaram bom padrão de fermentação final. De maneira geral, não houve alteração das frações fibrosas com o avanço do estádio de maturação. Quanto aos teores de matéria seca, todos os híbridos devem ser ensilados no estádio leitoso, exceto o BR 601, que deve ser ensilado no estádio de pastoso ou farináceo.

Evaluation of Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems Performance on Oak Ridge National Laboratory s Flexible Research Platform: Part 2 Heating Season Analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Im, Piljae [ORNL; Malhotra, Mini [ORNL; Munk, Jeffrey D [ORNL

2016-08-01

The performance of two HVAC systems was evaluated using ORNL’s FRP, which is a two-story, 3,200 ft2 (297.3 m2) multi-zone unoccupied building that represents a typical low-rise, small office building common in the US existing building stock. The FRP is equipped with a conventional 12.5 ton (44 kW) RTU-VAV reheat system as the baseline system. For this study, a 12 ton (42 kW) VRF with a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS) was installed to be compared with the baseline RTU system.

A New Look at the Bathymetric and Potential-Field Structure of the Cayman Trough via CaySEIS

Science.gov (United States)

Hayman, N. W.; Harding, J.; Van Avendonk, H. J.; Peirce, C.; Grevemeyer, I.; Dannowski, A.; Papenberg, C. A.

2015-12-01

The Cayman Trough (CT) has one of the world's deepest axial valleys, thinnest crust, end-member basalt composition, and slowest spreading rate. Accommodating motion between the North American and Caribbean plates, and the Gonave microplate, marine magnetic anomalies show that the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center (MCSC) has been spreading at ~15 mm/yr (F.R.) since 20 Ma, if not 49 Ma. At a little over 100 km in length, the MCSC is now recognized to host oceanic core complexes (OCCs), hydrothermal vents, and a seafloor of variably distributed lower crustal gabbros, upper mantle peridotite/serpentinite, and basaltic lavas. Though spreading rate appears to be relatively symmetric over geologic time, the structure of the CT is quite asymmetric, with a broad region of low gravity and somewhat lineated magnetic anomalies to the east, and gravity highs and irregular magnetic anomalies to the west. Until now it has been difficult to further assess the nature of the CT because of the sparse and generally old data from the region; the CT's claim on thinnest crust, for example, stems primarily from pre-1960's seismic data and inferences from satellite gravity. The CaySEIS active-source OBS-experiment on the R/V Meteor thus set out in April of 2015 to provide a more complete, deeper view of the CT. A serendipitous discovery during the expedition is that the off-axis seafloor is characterized by curvilinear ridges preserving what appear to be dismembered OCCs. Thus, a previously proposed model based on the oblique volcanic ridge to the south of the axial OCC, Mt. Dent, could also apply to the geologic history of the CT. This model, which we call "the magmatic cleaver", envisions how intrusions cut the OCC surfaces and raft the hanging-wall-dominated portion of the OCC to the east, and the footwall-dominated portion to the west. The "cleaver" appears to have been operating over at least the last 20 Ma, illustrating how melt flow in ultraslow-spread crust can create distinctive

Manifestações oculares em pacientes que tiveram desnutrição nos primeiros seis meses de vida Ocular manifestations in patients who had malnutrition in the first six months of life

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Alessandra Pereira Dantas

2005-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: Investigar possíveis alterações oftalmológicas em pacientes que tiveram desnutrição grave durante os primeiros seis meses de vida. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 182 olhos de 91 crianças entre 2 e 11 anos que tiveram desnutrição grave durante os primeiros seis meses de vida (grupo estudo. Como grupo controle foram incluídas 88 crianças, selecionadas aleatoriamente segundo características similares de idade, gênero, condições econômicas e demográficas. RESULTADOS: Observou-se, de forma significante, no grupo estudo, maior freqüência de crianças com acuidade visual de 0,3 a 0,1 e menor que 0,1 (11,5% versus 0,7% - p PURPOSE: To investigate possible ophthalmologic alterations in patients who had severe malnutrition during the first six months of life. METHODS: 182 eyes of 91, 2 to 11-year-old, children who had had severe malnutrition during the first six months of life (study group were analyzed. As a control group 88 children selected according to similar characteristics of age, gender, demographic and economic conditions were included. RESULTS: In the study group, a higher frequency of children with visual acuity from 0.3 to 0.1 and less than 0.1 (11.5% versus 0.7% - p<0.0001 was observed. There was a higher frequency of astigmatism and myopia in the study group. A higher frequency of astigmatism of one diopter or more in the study group (p<0.0001 was also observed. The fundoscopic alterations were pale optic nerve (2.2%, increased disc cup (4.4%, increased vascular tortuosity (6.6%, alteration of retina color (13.2% and retinal pigment epithelium cell atrophy (12.0%. CONCLUSIONS: The present data support the concept that early malnutrition interferes in the individual's visual health. Further studies are necessary to establish a more precise cause-effect relationship.

Pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with morbid obesity six months after bariatric surgery Função pulmonar e qualidade de vida em pacientes obesos mórbidos seis meses após cirurgia bariátrica

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Márcia Arruda Fajardo Xavier

2010-10-01

Full Text Available PURPOSE: To investigate the body weight, pulmonary function and quality of life of twenty patients with morbid obesity six months after the Fobi-Capella operation. METHODS: Patients were evaluated before and six months after surgery. The patients were mainly female (75%, the average age was 40.5 ± 10.27 years; average weight 110.11 kg ± 21.77 and average body mass index (BMI 39.93 ± 7.13 kg/m² in the postoperative evaluation. Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry using a Pulmonet/Godart NV Bilt Vetr Hotland spirometer and quality of life was assessed by applying the Moorehead-Ardelt questionnaire. The pre- and postoperative spirometry values were compared by the paired Student t test and the correlation between weight loss and pulmonary function was determined by linear regression, with the level of significance set at p OBJETIVO: Investigar a evolução do peso corpóreo, da função pulmonar e da qualidade de vida de 20 pacientes obesos mórbidos seis meses após operação de Fobi-Capella. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes foram avaliados antes e seis meses após a cirurgia e o sexo feminino predominou em 75%, com média de idade de 40,5 anos ± 10, 27, média de peso de 110,11 kg ± 21,77 e IMC de 39,93 kg/m² ± 7,13. Para a avaliação da função pulmonar foi realizada espirometria por meio do espirômetro Pulmonet Godart NV Bilt Vetr Holland, e para a qualidade de vida foi aplicado o questionário de Moorehead-Ardelt. As comparações entre os valores espirométricos do pré e do pós-operatório foram realizadas pelo teste t de Student para amostras pareadas, e para a correlação entre a perda de peso e função pulmonar utilizou-se análise de regressão linear simples, adotando-se p < 0,05 para todos os resultados. RESULTADOS: As variáveis espirométricas Freqüência Respiratória (FR, Volume de Reserva Expiratório (VRE e Capacidade Residual Funcional (CRF apresentaram, aos seis meses após a operação, diferen

Assessment of fire emission inventories during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA experiment

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G. Pereira

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Fires associated with land use and land cover changes release large amounts of aerosols and trace gases into the atmosphere. Although several inventories of biomass burning emissions cover Brazil, there are still considerable uncertainties and differences among them. While most fire emission inventories utilize the parameters of burned area, vegetation fuel load, emission factors, and other parameters to estimate the biomass burned and its associated emissions, several more recent inventories apply an alternative method based on fire radiative power (FRP observations to estimate the amount of biomass burned and the corresponding emissions of trace gases and aerosols. The Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model (3BEM and the Fire Inventory from NCAR (FINN are examples of the first, while the Brazilian Biomass Burning Emission Model with FRP assimilation (3BEM_FRP and the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS are examples of the latter. These four biomass burning emission inventories were used during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA field campaign. This paper analyzes and inter-compared them, focusing on eight regions in Brazil and the time period of 1 September–31 October 2012. Aerosol optical thickness (AOT550 nm derived from measurements made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS operating on board the Terra and Aqua satellites is also applied to assess the inventories' consistency. The daily area-averaged pyrogenic carbon monoxide (CO emission estimates exhibit significant linear correlations (r, p  >  0.05 level, Student t test between 3BEM and FINN and between 3BEM_ FRP and GFAS, with values of 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. These results indicate that emission estimates in this region derived via similar methods tend to agree with one other. However, they differ more from the estimates derived via the alternative approach. The evaluation of MODIS AOT550 nm indicates that model

Evaluation of organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against six vector mosquitoe species Avaliação de inseticidas organofosforados e piretroides sintéticos contra seis mosquitos vetores

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Domingo Montada Dorta

1993-12-01

Full Text Available Three organophosphorus compounds- malathion, folithion and temephos- and two synthetic pyrethroids- alphamethrin and deltamethrin- were used for monitoring the susceptibility status of larvae and adults of six vector mosquitoe species: Culex quinquefasciatus (Filariasis and Aedes albopictus (Dengue (both laboratory and field strains; laboratory strains of Aedes aegypti (Dengue, Anopheles slephensi and Anopheles culicifacies (Malaria, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Japanese encephalitis in India. From the LC50 values obtained for these insecticides, it was found that all mosquito species including the field strains of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus were highly susceptible Except for Cx. quinquefasciatus (field strain against malathion, 100% mortality was observed at the discriminating dosages recommended by World Health Organization. The residual effect of alphamethrin, deltamethrin, malathion and folithion at 25 mg (ai/m² on different surfaces against six species of vector mosquitoes showed that alphamethrin was the most effective on all four treated surfaces (mud, plywood, cement and thatch. Nevertheless, residual efficacy lasted longer on thatch than on the other surfaces. Therefore, synthetic pyrethroids such as alphamethrin can be effectively employed in integrated vector control operations.Três compostos organo-fosforados - malation, folition e temefos -e dois piretroides sintéticos - alfametrina e deltametrina - foram usados para controlar o estado da susceptibilidade das larvas e adultos de seis mosquitos vetores na Índia. Foram utilizadas cepas de laboratório e área de Culex quinquefasciatus (filariasis e Aedes albopictus (Dengue e cepas de laboratório de Aedes aegypti (Dengue, Anopheles stephensi e Anopheles culicifacies (Malária e Culex tritaenorhynchus (encefalite japonesa. Os valores de C1(50 obtidos para esses inseticidas mostram que todas as espécies incluindo as cepas de área foram muito susceptíveis. Nos

PERMEABILITY, SOLUBILITY, AND INTERACTION OF HYDROGEN IN POLYMERS- AN ASSESSMENT OF MATERIALS FOR HYDROGEN TRANSPORT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kane, M

2008-02-05

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) piping has been identified as a leading candidate for use in a transport system for the Hydrogen Economy. Understanding the permeation and leakage of hydrogen through the candidate materials is vital to effective materials system selection or design and development of safe and efficient materials for this application. A survey of the literature showed that little data on hydrogen permeation are available and no mechanistically-based models to quantitatively predict permeation behavior have been developed. However, several qualitative trends in gaseous permeation have been identified and simple calculations have been performed to identify leakage rates for polymers of varying crystallinity. Additionally, no plausible mechanism was found for the degradation of polymeric materials in the presence of pure hydrogen. The absence of anticipated degradation is due to lack of interactions between hydrogen and FRP and very low solubility coefficients of hydrogen in polymeric materials. Recommendations are made to address research and testing needs to support successful materials development and use of FRP materials for hydrogen transport and distribution.

Repair of reinforced concrete beams using carbon fiber reinforced polymer

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Karzad Abdul Saboor

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This research paper is part of an ongoing research on the behaviour of Reinforced Concrete (RC beams retrofitted with Externally Bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (EB-CFRP. A total of 5 large-scale rectangular beams, previously damaged due to shear loading, were repaired and strengthened with EB-CFRP and tested in this study. The major cracks of the damaged beams were injected with epoxy and the beams were wrapped with 2 layers of EB-CFRP discrete strips with 100mm width and 150mm center to center spacing. The beams were instrumented and tested to failure under three points loading in simply supported configuration. The measured test parameters were the beams deflection, maximum load, and the strain in the FRP strips. The failure mode was also observed. The results showed that applying EB-FRP strips increased the shear strength significantly relative to the original shear capacity of the beam. The results demonstrate that the application of EB-FRP strips used in this study is an effective repair method that can be used to repair and strengthen damaged beams.

Comparison of Polymer Networks Synthesized by Conventional Free Radical and RAFT Copolymerization Processes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

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Patricia Pérez-Salinas

2017-05-01

Full Text Available There is a debate in the literature on whether or not polymer networks synthesized by reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP processes, such as reversible addition-fragmentation radical transfer (RAFT copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomers, are less heterogeneous than those synthesized by conventional free radical copolymerization (FRP. In this contribution, the syntheses by FRP and RAFT of hydrogels based on 2-hydroxyethylene methacrylate (HEMA and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2, using Krytox 157 FSL as the dispersing agent, and the properties of the materials produced, are compared. The materials were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, swelling index (SI, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM. Studies on ciprofloxacin loading and release rate from hydrogels were also carried out. The combined results show that the hydrogels synthesized by FRP and RAFT are significantly different, with apparently less heterogeneity present in the materials synthesized by RAFT copolymerization. A ratio of experimental (Mcexp to theoretical (Mctheo molecular weight between crosslinks was established as a quantitative tool to assess the degree of heterogeneity of a polymer network.

Uterine Msx-1 and Wnt4 signaling becomes aberrant in mice with the loss of leukemia inhibitory factor or Hoxa-10: evidence for a novel cytokine-homeobox-Wnt signaling in implantation.

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Daikoku, Takiko; Song, Haengseok; Guo, Yong; Riesewijk, Anne; Mosselman, Sietse; Das, Sanjoy K; Dey, Sudhansu K

2004-05-01

Successful implantation absolutely depends on the reciprocal interaction between the implantation-competent blastocyst and the receptive uterus. Expression and gene targeting studies have shown that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a cytokine of the IL-6 family, and Hoxa-10, an abdominalB-like homeobox gene, are crucial to implantation and decidualization in mice. Using these mutant mice, we sought to determine the importance of Msx-1 (another homeobox gene formerly known as Hox-7.1) and of Wnt4 (a ligand of the Wnt family) signaling in implantation because of their reported functions during development. We observed that Msx-1, Wnt4, and a Wnt antagonist sFRP4 are differentially expressed in the mouse uterus during the periimplantation period, suggesting their role in implantation. In addition, we observed an aberrant uterine expression of Msx-1 and sFRP4 in Lif mutant mice, and of Wnt4 and sFRP4 in Hoxa-10 mutant mice, further reinforcing the importance of these signaling pathways in implantation. Collectively, the present results provide evidence for a novel cytokine-homeotic-Wnt signaling network in implantation.

Experimental Study of Concrete-filled Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Tube with Internal Reinforcement under Axially Loading

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Wenbin SUN

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Comparing with the circular concrete columns confined with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP wrap or tube, the rectilinear confined columns were reported much less. Due to the non-uniform distribution of confining pressure in the rectilinear confined columns, the FRP confinement effectiveness was significant reduced. This paper presents findings of an experimental program where nine prefabricated rectangular cross-section CFRP tubes with CFRP integrated crossties filled concrete to form concrete-filled FRP tube (CFFT short columns and three plain concrete control specimens were tested. All specimens were axially loaded until failure. The rest results showed that the stress-strain curves of CFFTs consisted of two distinct branches, an ascending branch before the concrete peak stress was reaches and a second branch that terminated when the tube ruptured, and that the CFFTs with integrated crossties experienced most uniform confinement pressure distribution. Test research also found that the stress-strain curves of CFFTs indicated an increase in ductility. These demonstrate that this confinement system can produce higher lateral confinement stiffness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.20.4.6035

Danos de Grapholita molesta (Busck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae em seis cultivares de pessegueiro em Araucária, Paraná Damages of Grapholita molesta (Busck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae in six peach orchards cultivars in Aracuária, Paraná

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Alex Sandro Poltronieri

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Estudaram-se a ocorrência e os danos de Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae em pomar comercial de pessegueiros com seis cultivares de ciclos de maturação de frutos precoce ('São Pedro', médio ('Chimarrita', 'Ouro', 'Coral' e 'Marli' e tardio ('BR II', no município de Araucária-PR. Foram sorteadas cinco plantas por cultivar para serem avaliados os danos em brotações e frutos. Os danos foram acumulados e avaliados em três fases: pré-raleio, endurecimento do caroço e colheita. Os resultados mostraram que houve um nível diferenciado no ataque de G. molesta em brotações e frutos, entre as cultivares. As avaliações de danos em brotações mostraram que, até a fase de colheita, a cultivar Ouro foi a mais atacada, sendo superada pela 'Chimarrita' quando se inclui os danos ocorridos na fase pós-colheita. Em frutos, a 'Marli' apresentou o maior número de pêssegos danificados entre as seis cultivares avaliadas.This paper deals with the occurrence and damage of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae in a commercial peach orchard with six cultivars of different fruit ripening cycles: precocious ('São Pedro ', medium ('Chimarrita ', 'Ouro ', 'Coral ' and 'Marli ' and late ('BR II ', in Araucaria, State of Paraná, Brazil. Five plants of each cultivar were selected for evaluating the damages in shoots and fruits. The damages were accumulated and evaluated in three phases: previous thinning, stone hardening and harvesting. The results were as follows: the cultivar "Ouro" was the most damaged one up to the harvesting phase, although 'Chimarrita' surpassed 'Ouro' when the damages observed in the post-harvesting phase were included. Among the six cultivars, 'Marli' was the one presenting the highest number of damaged fruits.

Encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor de NMDA: experiencia con seis pacientes pediátricos. Potencial eficacia del metotrexato

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Bravo-Oro, Antonio; Abud-Mendoza, Carlos; Quezada-Corona, Arturo; Dalmau, Josep; Campos-Guevara, Verónica

2016-01-01

Introducción La encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor de N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA) es una entidad cada vez más diagnosticada en edad pediátrica. A diferencia de los adultos, en muchos casos no se asocia a tumores y las manifestaciones iniciales en niños más frecuentes son crisis convulsivas y trastornos del movimiento, mientras que en los adultos predominan las alteraciones psiquiátricas. Casos clínicos Presentamos seis casos pediátricos confirmados con anticuerpos contra la subunidad NR1 del receptor de NMDA en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo. Cinco de los casos comenzaron con crisis convulsivas como manifestación clínica inicial antes de desarrollar el cuadro clásico de esta entidad. En todos los casos se utilizaron esteroides como primera línea de tratamiento, con los que sólo se observó control de las manifestaciones en uno, por lo que el resto de los pacientes requirió inmunomoduladores de segunda línea. Todos los pacientes recibieron metotrexato como tratamiento inmunomodulador para evitar recaídas y la evolución fue a la mejoría en todos ellos. Conclusiones En nuestra serie de pacientes con encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor de NMDA, ninguno se asoció a tumores. Todos los casos recibieron metotrexato por lo menos durante un año, no observamos eventos adversos clínicos ni por laboratorio, ni hubo secuelas neurológicas ni recaídas durante el tratamiento. Aunque es una serie pequeña y es deseable incrementar el número y tiempo de evolución, consideramos el metotrexato una excelente alternativa como tratamiento inmunomodulador para esta patología. PMID:24150952

Prevalencia de colonización por Moraxella catarrhalis en portadores asintomáticos menores de seis años

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Leaños-Miranda Blanca

2001-01-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de colonización nasofaríngea por Moraxella catarrhalis en niños menores de seis años. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó una encuesta, de enero a diciembre de 1998, en 604 niños de la ciudad de México, de entre dos meses y cinco años de edad, seleccionados mediante el marco muestral maestro y muestreo por conglomerados. Se tomaron muestras de exudado faríngeo, identificando M. catarrhalis. Se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria a diferentes antimicrobianos y detección de beta-lactamasas a través del método iodométrico. Para el análisis se utilizaron frecuencias simples, cálculo de razón de momios, intervalos de confianza al 95% y ji cuadrada de Mantel-Haenzel. Se consideró como estadísticamente significativo un valor de p< 0.05. RESULTADOS: De los 604 niños que se incluyeron de las 16 delegaciones políticas del Distrito Federal, se excluyeron 37; se encontró M. catarrhalis en 130 (22.9%. La mayoría de las cepas fueron productoras de beta-lactamasa (75.4%. La resistencia a penicilina fue de 80% y a ampicilina y amoxicilina de 70%. No se encontró resistencia a cefotaxima, imipenem, meropenem y eritromicina. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de colonización de M. catarrhalis en tracto respiratorio superior es similar a la de otros patógenos respiratorios. Con la información obtenida se requiere investigar la participación de M. catarrhalis como causante de infecciones respiratorias agudas y crónicas en México. El texto completo en inglés de este artículo está disponible en: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html

The performance of passive flow monitors and phosphate accumulating passive samplers when exposed to pulses in external water flow rate and/or external phosphate concentrations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Brien, Dominique; Hawker, Darryl; Shaw, Melanie; Mueller, Jochen F.

2011-01-01

Passive samplers are typically calibrated under constant flow and concentration conditions. This study assessed whether concentration and/or flow pulses could be integrated using a phosphate passive sampler (P-sampler). Assessment involved three 21-day experiments featuring a pulse in flow rate, a pulse of filterable reactive phosphate (FRP) concentration and a simultaneous concentration and flow pulse. FRP concentrations were also determined by parallel grab sampling and the P-sampler calibrated with passive flow monitors (PFMs) and direct measurement of flow rates. The mass lost from the PFM over the deployment periods predicted water velocity to within 5.1, 0.48 and 7.1% when exposed to a flow rate pulse (7.5-50 cm s -1 ), concentration pulse (5-100 μg P L -1 ), or both simultaneously. For the P-sampler, good agreement was observed between the grab and passive measurements of FRP concentration when exposed to a pulse in flow (6% overestimation) or concentration (2% underestimation). - Highlights: → We assess the performance of the passive flow monitor and a phosphate passive sampler when exposed to changing environmental conditions. → The PFM responded quickly and accurately to a pulse in flow rate but showed little response to an external FRP pulse. → The ability of the sampler to provide an integrated measure of the average phosphate concentrations has been demonstrated. → The results presented demonstrate under which conditions the greatest accuracy is achieved when employing passive samplers. - The performance of an integrative phosphate passive sampler has been assessed when exposed to pulses in flow rate and concentration, both individually and simultaneously.

RELAÇÃO ENTRE O ÂNGULO DE VISADA E A ESTIMATIVA DA POTÊNCIA RADIATIVA DO FOGO

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Guilherme Augusto Verola Mataveli

Full Text Available As queimadas atingem grandes áreas, constituindo-se como um agente modelador dos ecossistemas e contribuem para o acúmulo de gases e aerossóis na atmosfera. Atualmente, o sensoriamento remoto é a principal fonte de dados para estudar as queimadas devido à aquisição de dados globais com uma periodicidade constante. No entanto, são necessárias mais informações sobre as queimadas além da sua localização espacial, dentre elas a biomassa queimada. O método mais utilizado para isso atualmente é derivado da Potência Radiativa do Fogo (FRP, já que a energia emitida como radiação eletromagnética durante a combustão pode ser diretamente relacionada com a biomassa queimada. Contudo, alguns fatores introduzem erros nas estimativas de FRP, como o ângulo de visada. Assim, para avaliar a influência dessa variável na FRP foi realizado um experimento de combustão em pequena escala utilizando como biomassa a palha da cana-de-açúcar. Ainda, foi determinado o coeficiente de biomassa queimada para a cana-de-açúcar. As estimativas obtidas permitiram concluir que a FRP diminui com o aumento do ângulo de visada, e, sendo assim, o ângulo de visada foi considerado no coeficiente de biomassa queimada. Pretende-se futuramente empregar os resultados encontrados para estimar a biomassa queimada e suas emissões provenientes da queimada pré-colheita da cana-de-açúcar.

Mejoramiento del servicio de galvanizado mediante seis sigma y el analisis de la informacion

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Ricardo Alonso Ortiz Lara

2011-07-01

Full Text Available El servicio de galvanizado perteneciente a una empresa del rubro metalmecánico de la ciudad de Talcahuano, presenta algunas falencias que impiden, por un lado, tener el control total de los costos del proceso y, por otra parte, entregar un servicio de calidad al cliente. Ambas situaciones generan una preocupación constante en la alta gerencia de la organización. Por tales motivos, en el presente trabajo se elabora una propuesta de mejoramiento del proceso de galvanizado, a través de un análisis de la situación actual, con el objetivo de detectar los principales puntos de la problemática existente, los cuales están relacionados con el control de los insumos (específicamente el consumo de zinc y con el flujo de la información generada en el proceso. La metodología utilizada consiste, en primera instancia, en la aplicación integrada de un modelo de “Seis Sigma”, con el cual se logra reducir la variabilidad del espesor de los recubrimientos de zinc de los materiales galvanizados, y, por la otra, en el análisis y diseño de un modelo de la información que permita mejorar el flujo informativo generado entre las distintas actividades del proceso de galvanizado.  Por último, se utiliza el modelo de Kaplan y Norton para definir una estructura de indicadores de gestión, que permiten medir el desempeño de las mejoras planteadas. Galvanizing Service belonging to a company in the city of Talcahuano, presents some shortcomings that prevent, on the one hand, the total control of the process’s costs and on the other hand, providing a quality service to the clients. Both situations generate a constant concern in the senior management of the Organization. For such reasons, the present paper elaborates a proposal for improving the process of galvanizing, through an analysis of the current situation with the aim of detecting the main points of the existing problems, which are related to the control of inputs (specifically the

CARACTERÍSTICAS DE FRUTOS E GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE SEIS ESPÉCIES DE MYRTACEAE NATIVAS DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

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Maria Estefânia Alves Áquila

2004-09-01

Full Text Available A família Myrtaceae é muito bem representada na flora do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, região sul do Brasil. Frutos e sementes de seis espécies foram examinados quanto ao tamanho, cor, massa, teor de água. As espécies são: Acca sellowiana (Berg. Burnet; Campomanesia guazumifolia (Camb. Berg.; Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg.; Eugenia rostrifolia Legr.; Myrcianthes pungens (Berg. Legr. e Psidium cattleyanum Sabine. Avaliou-se o comportamento germinativo das sementes, tendo sido usada como substrato areia de rio autoclavada umedecida com água destilada, colocada em caixas gerbox (11 x 11cm nas temperaturas constantes de 15, 20, 25 ou 30°C ou na alternada de 15°C - 30°C, com 14 horas na temperatura mais alta. Os experimentos foram efetuados na presença e ausência de luz. Acca sellowiana, Myrcianthes pungens, Psidium cattleyanum mostraram sementes fotoblásticas positivas. Todas as espécies germinaram em noventa dias, exceto Campomanesia guazumifolia, que levou cerca de cento e cinqüenta dias. O conteúdo de água das sementes variou de 9% em Campomanesia guazumifolia até 68% em Myrcianthes pungens, ocorrendo sementes de intermediárias a recalcitrantes em relação à dessecação. Os embriões tipo eugenoide mostraram germinação criptocotiledonar, enquanto os embriões tipo mircióide e pimentóide apresentaram comportamento fanerocotiledonar.

Six potencial woods for bows of stringed instruments: organoleptic properties, machining and commercial availability. Seis madeiras potenciais para arcos de instrumentos de corda: propriedades organolépticas, trababilidade e disponibilidade comercial.

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Eduardo Luiz LONGUI

2011-12-01

Full Text Available In this paper it was investigated the organoleptic properties and machining of six potential woods for bows of stringed instruments and compared the results with those mentioned for the Caesalpinia echinata wood, the reference for modern bows. Thirty wood stores were visited in different cities of the São Paulo state to verify the commercial availability of these woods. We concluded that despite the traditionalism of the red tones in the woods for bows, woods with yellowish tones such as Handroanthus spp. and Dipteryx spp. or brownish such as Diplotropis spp. with appropriate properties, may offer alternative colors and textures to the musicians. It was observed that the Mezilaurus itauba and Astronium lecointei, woods with easy machining, have no potential suitable for bows. Regarding to availability, all woods tested are relatively easy to find nowadays in the wood market. Handroanthus spp. and Dipteryx spp. showed greater potential for making bows for professional musicians.The woods of Mezilaurus itauba and Astronium lecointei did not show good potentialfor bows.Neste trabalho foram investigadas as propriedades organolépticas e a trabalhabilidade de seis madeiras potenciais para arcos de instrumentos de corda e os resultados comparados com os da madeira de Caesalpinia echinata, referência para arcos modernos. Foram visitadas 30 madeireiras em diferentes cidades do Estado de São Paulo para observar a disponibilidade das seis madeiras. Conclui-se que apesar do tradicionalismo dos tons de vermelhos na madeira para arcos, outras madeiras com tons amarelados como Handroanthus spp. e Dipteryx spp. ou acastanhados como Diplotropis spp., desde que possuam propriedades adequadas, podem oferecer alternativas de cores e texturas para os músicos. Madeiras de fácil trabalhabilidade, como Mezilaurus itauba e Astronium lecointei não são adequadas para a fabricação dos arcos. Atualmente, todas as madeiras testadas são relativamente fáceis de