Budgetering och budgeteringsprocessen inom ekonomiförvaltningen

OpenAIRE

Finnström, Anders

2013-01-01

Syftet med undersökningen är att ge en bild av vad budgetering är och budgeteringsprocessen inom ekonomiförvaltningen. Forskningsproblemet är att ta reda på vilken kritiken är mot budgetering, hur man kan förbättra budgetarbetet och få fram vilka de alternativa metoderna är till budgetering. I lärdomsprovets teoretiska del behandlas vad en budget är, syften med en budget, huvud- och delbudgetar, budgeteringsprocessen, kritik och alternativa metoder till budgeteringen. I den empiriska delen ha...

Barbröstade grabbar, med färgat hår och litervis med öl : En analys av Aftonbladets skildring av herr- och damfotboll i Herr-VM 2006 och Dam-VM 2007

OpenAIRE

Mårtensson, Henning

2012-01-01

I den här uppsatsen har jag undersökt hur män och kvinnor framställs i bild och text i Aftonbladets rapportering från herrarnas fotbolls-VM i Tyskland 2006 och damernas fotbolls-VM i Kina 2007. Mitt syfte var att titta på hur konstrueringen av en nationell diskurs skiljer sig åt i texterna om dam- och herrfotboll, om det finns någon tydlig manlig och kvinnlig diskurs på bilderna, samt hur väl min undersökning stämmer in på beprövade genusteorier. För att kunna besvara mitt syfte använde jag m...

Vad och hur gör de? − att synliggöra lärande i grundskolans slöjdpraktik via videoetnografi och mikroanalys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marléne Johansson

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Artikeln bygger på resultat och erfarenheter av etnografiskt insamlade videoinspelningar från grundskolans slöjdundervisning utgående från tre studier; dels vid ett projekt med förstudier under slutet av 1990-talet (Johansson, 1996, dels vid avhandlingsprojektet Slöjdpraktik i skolan (Johansson, 2002 och dels inom forskningsprojektet Kommunikation och lärande i slöjdpraktiker, (”Komolär-projektet”, under 2005−2010 (Lindström, Borg, Johansson & Lindberg, 2003.Att insamla empiri i autentiska slöjdmiljöer är av intresse då lärandesituationer kan synliggöras när elever med hjälp av material och redskap arbetar med att tillverka artefakter. Utifrån detaljerade analyser av slöjdaktiviteter går det att upptäcka det som utspelar sig och möjligheter ges att uppfatta något annat jämfört med vad man kan tro känna väl eller ha förenklade och till och med felaktiga uppfattningar om. Videoobservationer möjliggör att antaganden istället görs på empiriskt grundat datamaterial. Med risk att videofilma och analysera det man tror sig veta och söka har forskningsprojektens insamlingar mer förutsättningslöst arbetat efter vad och hur elever och lärare gör i slöjdpraktik och vad man får veta när slöjdaktiviteter analyseras mer ingående. Videomaterialen har analyserats både på en mer övergripande nivå och detaljerat med hjälp av mikroanalyser. Därefter har lärandet synliggjorts och beskrivits bland annat i teman för att visa hur personerna är resurser för varandra och hur lärandet utvecklas genom olika språkanvändning och med slöjdpraktikens fysiska redskap och material.Sökord: metod, slöjd, klassrumsforskning, videoetnografi, mikroanalysURN:NBN:no-29955

Surdegsbröd och jästbröd : skillnad i smak och GI-värde

OpenAIRE

Björkman, Andreas; Jeppsson, Julia

2015-01-01

Inledning: Surdeg är idag en trend som fångats av många och de flesta bagerier ochdagligvarubutiker säljer bröd som kallas för surdegsbröd. Ett traditionellt surdegsbröd är ettbröd där surdegen används som enda hävningsmedel i brödet. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka skillnader i sensoriska egenskaper, utifrån ettkonsumentperspektiv, samt GI-värde mellan surdegsbröd, jästbröd och bröd bakat på bådesurdeg och jäst. Material och metod: Metoderna som användes var två olika konsumenttester för att...

Förbättring av IKEAs Kvalitetstester och Hantering av Kundklagomål : - Köksluckor och Bänkskivor

OpenAIRE

Assbring, Lisa; Halilović, Elma

2012-01-01

IKEA grundades 1943 av Ingvar Kamprad och återförsäljs idag i 44 länder runt om i världen. Med den 25-års garanti på kök som IKEA erbjuder har det blivit allt viktigare för dem att bekräfta kvaliteten på kökssortimentet och hur tillfredsställd kunden är. Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att identifiera de mest kritiska faktorerna för köksfronter och bänkskivor baserat på nuvarande kundklagomål och vilka testmetoder som kan användas för att testa dessa faktorer i produktutvecklingsproc...

Belöning och motivation

OpenAIRE

Blomqvist, Johnny

2015-01-01

Många företag använder sig av belöningssystem för att hålla kvar den nuvarande personalen och för att motivera personalen till ett bättre resultat i framtiden. För att ett belöningssystem skall fungera måste personalen vara motiverade. Syftet med detta arbete är att utreda vad personalen i några företag på Kimitoön anser om belöning och betydelsen av belöning i arbetet. I undersökningen utreder jag även motivationens betydelse i arbetet och vilken typ av belöning som motiverar på längre si...

Chaos Paintball : -En investering och finansieringsbedömning

OpenAIRE

Eriksson, Per; Söderqvist, Hanna

2009-01-01

 I uppsatsen "Chaos Paintball, en investerings- och finansieringsbedömning" har en undersökning gällande en nyinvestering och finansieringen avseende nya aktiviteter och en byggnad genomförts. Undersökningen har utförts genom att tre olika byggnadsalternativ har tagits i beaktande och beräkningar på byggnadsalternativen har gjorts. Företagets planerade aktiviteter har undersökts genom att, med hjälp av kalkyler, genomföra beräkningar. Detta har lett fram till en rekommendation om vilka aktivi...

ADO.NET och Entity Framework : En jämförelse av prestanda mellan en objektorienterad databas och en relationsdatabas

OpenAIRE

Lindgren, Emelie; Andreasen, Ulrika

2012-01-01

Denna uppsats mäter och jämför prestanda mellan en objektorienterad databas och en relationsdatabas. Uppsatsen bygger på en utredande karaktär utifrån vår hypotes och vårt intresse att testa den.Hypotesen bygger på problematiken omkring mängden kod utvecklaren måste skriva för att kunna koppla ihop applikation med databas. En större mängd skriven kod som utvecklaren måste skriva borde göra att prestanda och svarstider blir långsammare. Därför ville vi undersöka om verktyg som medför en mindre...

Facebook applikationsutveckling : En analys och guide

OpenAIRE

Klinkmann, Samuel

2012-01-01

Facebook har blivit det ledande sociala nätverket på nätet. Facebook erbjuder även mycket goda möjligheter för företag att presentera sig, skapa sig ett brand på sidan och utveckla nya försäljningsinitiativ. Arcada har redan en tid haft en Facebook-sida. Nu ville de satsa mera på den och därför prova på att göra en kampanj i form av en facebook-applikation. Detta gjordes i och med deras brandförnyelse för läsåret 2011-2012. Detta examensarbete analyserar applikationen jag gjort tillsamma...

Gymnasierektors ledarskapsparadox: att vara verksamhetschef och pedagogisk utvecklare

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ingemar Johansson

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Forskning om rektors ledarskap är omfattande, men studier som undersöker gymnasierektors arbetssituation och ledarskap är mer sällsynta. Avsikten med den föreliggande studien var att bidra till att denna kunskapslucka fylls igen. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio gymnasierektorer genomfördes med fokus på rektors arbetsuppgifter, möjlighet att planera och styra arbetet, förväntningar kring ledarskapet, samt möjlighet att utvecklas och lära i arbetet. I resultaten av den tematiska analysen framträdde fyra teman: (1 ledarskapsideal, (2 kollegialt stöd, (3 ledarskap i en förändringsbenägen organisation, och (4 begränsat utrymme för reflektion. Ett övergripande, gemensamt tema: "Ledarskapsparadox" speglar de högst varierande omständigheter och förhållanden i vardagen som en gymnasierektor ska kunna hantera, vilka också präglar resultatet av analysen. Ett något oväntat resultat var att gymnasierektor upplevde stort, eget ansvar för elevernas bästa. Studien kastar nytt ljus på gymnasierektorers ledarskap, och bidrar till ökad förståelse för vad rollen som ledare för en komplex organisation som gymnasieskolan kan innebära. Genom att knyta an till en arbetspsykologisk ledarskapsteori och formulera en arbetspsykologisk hypotes kan studien bidra till forskningen om arbetsintegrerat lärande (AIL.

Konflikter och mobbning på arbetsplatsen : En osynlig kostnad

OpenAIRE

Karlsson, Linda

2016-01-01

Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka vilka negativa konsekvenser konflikter och mobbning kan orsaka medarbetare och organisationer. Den ekonomiska krisen har medfört nedskärningar, ökad osäkerhet och hård konkurrens som påverkat arbetsmiljöerna i Finland. Eftersom arbetsvälbefinnande sjunkit på grund av dessa yttre faktorer, vill jag med detta examensarbete beskriva varför arbetsvälfärden borde få hög proritet. Detta examensarbete är baserat på litteratur, lagar, statistik och inter...

Komplexitet för kvalitet i lärande och undervisning: bedömning av komplexa problem och studenters resonemang

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sofia Kjellström

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Vi utbildar studenter för att de ska ha möjlighet att lösa mycket komplexa samhällsproblem,men hur vet vi att de har utvecklat de former av tänkande och handlande som krävs? Forskning visar att vuxna tänker, talar och handlar utifrån olika nivåer av komplexitet, och att utbildning i hög grad påverkar människors förmågor. Model of Hierarchical Complexity(MHC är en teori som beskriver hur komplext information sätts samman och hur komplext personer resonerar i en fråga, vanligtvis på någon av nivåerna konkret, abstrakt, formellt, systematiskt eller metasystematisk. Syftet med denna artikel är att introducera MHC och visa på dess relevans som verktyg inom högre utbildning. Med hjälp av teorin är det möjligt att analysera både hur komplex en uppgift är och hur studenter klarar av att lösa den, vilket speglar förståelse inom ett ämne. Med modellen som mått på komplexitet tydliggörs svårighetsgraden i det som ska läras och på vilken nivå studenterna klarar att ta till sig kunskapsinnehållet. Avslutningsvis diskuteras hur studenter kan stödjas att utvecklasina förmågor till komplext resonerande och därmed skapa kvalitet i både lärande och undervisningOne of the aims of higher education is to teach students to solve complex problems, but what is the complexity of problems and the reasoning of students? The Model of Hierarchical Complexity (MHC is a theory applicable to all domains in which information is organized and accounts for increases in behavioral complexity which includes cognitive or reasoning complexity. The paper is a theoretical introduction to MHC as a tool for teaching in higher education. The model clarifies and shows the gap between the complexity in the subject and the students understanding of the same subject. We also discuss how to support the development of more complex reasoning in students.

Employer branding. : - En fallstudie vid Sandvik AB om uppfattningar av begreppet employer branding och hur detta tillämpas idag och i framtiden.

OpenAIRE

Eriksson, Johan

2012-01-01

Employer branding är ett begrepp som är aktuellt bland företagen just nu och allt fler väljer att satsa på employer branding som marknadsföringsstrategi. Den här studien handlar om employer branding på Sandvik och begreppet employer branding.Syftet med denna fallstudie av en global koncern är att förklara och beskriva begreppet employerbranding, samt hur man arbetar med detta och vilka framtidsvisioner man har på Sandvik.Studien genomfördes med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer med ett antal ny...

Konflikten mellan arbetsliv och familjeliv : En kvalitativ studie om småbarnsföräldrars upplevelser av psykisk hälsa och balans i tillvaron

OpenAIRE

Ahlzén, Amanda

2015-01-01

Dagens arbetsliv ställer helt andra krav på individen än förr. På arbetsmarknaden krävs flexibilitet och eget ansvar, där individen förväntas kunna arbeta när som helst och var som helst. Dessa faktorer har bidragit till en obalans mellan arbetsliv och familjeliv som kan orsaka olika former av ohälsa. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur småbarnsföräldrar upplever sin psykiska hälsa i relation till balansen mellan arbetsliv och familjeliv. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod och dat...

Millennials och baby boomers attityder till fake news : Generationernas upplevelser av nyhetsmediers sanningshalt

OpenAIRE

Adolfsson, Claes; Strömberg, Markus; Stenberg, John

2017-01-01

Syftet med denna uppsats var att ta reda på generationerna millennials och baby boomers inställning till mediernas sanningshalt och politiska neutralitet. Detta gjordes med hjälp av följande frågeställningar: Vilka attityder och vilken inställning har millennials och baby boomers till nyhetsmediernas sanningshalt? Finns skillnader och likheter kvar när vi väger in variablerna kön och politiskt ställningstagande?   För att definiera generationerna använde vi oss av Cliff Zukins generationsteor...

Starbucksfenomenet i Finland : Hur uppfattar och upplever finska konsumenter tillhörande generation Y och Z varumärket Starbucks?

OpenAIRE

Emtö, Anna

2014-01-01

I den här undersökningen har jag undersökt hur finska konsumenter uppfattar och upplever varumärket Starbucks. Jag har utfört undersökningen genom att använda mig av fokusgruppintervjuer. Intervjuerna utfördes på basen av min frågeguide som utvecklats kring de relevanta teoriområden som är presenterade i arbetet. Mitt urval för intervjuerna var finska konsumenter tillhörande generationerna Y och Z i och med att dessa vuxit upp med varumärket samt upplevt inflytandet av sociala medier i vardag...

Atmospheric Chemistry of CH3CH2OCH3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Mads Peter Sulbæk; Bjørn Svendsen, Sissel; Østerstrøm, Freja From

2017-01-01

The atmospheric chemistry of methyl ethyl ether, CH3CH2OCH3, was examined using FT-IR/relative-rate methods. Hydroxyl radical and chlorine atom rate coefficients of k(CH3CH2OCH3+OH) = (7.53 ± 2.86) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 and k(CH3CH2OCH3+Cl) = (2.35 ± 0.43) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 were...

Thermal decomposition of FC(O)OCH3 and FC(O)OCH2CH3.

Science.gov (United States)

Berasategui, M; Argüello, G A; Burgos Paci, M A

2018-05-09

The thermal decomposition of methyl and ethyl formates has been extensively studied due to their importance in the oxidation of several fuels, pesticidal properties and their presence in interstellar space. We hitherto present the study of the thermal decomposition of methyl and ethyl fluoroformates, which could help in the elucidation of the reaction mechanisms. The reaction mechanisms were studied using FTIR spectroscopy in the temperature range of 453-733 K in the presence of different pressures of N2 as bath gas. For FC(O)OCH3 two different channels were observed; the unimolecular decomposition which is favored at higher temperatures and has a rate constant kFC(O)OCH3 = (5.3 ± 0.5) × 1015 exp[-(246 ± 10 kJ mol-1/RT)] (in units of s-1) and a bimolecular channel with a rate constant kFC(O)OCH3 = (1.6 ± 0.5) × 1011 exp[-(148 ± 10 kJ mol-1/RT)] (in units of s-1 (mol L)-1). However for ethyl formate, only direct elimination of CO2, HF and ethylene operates. The rate constants of the homogeneous first-order process fit the Arrhenius equation kFC(O)OCH2CH3 = (2.06 ± 0.09) × 1013 exp[-(169 ± 6 kJ mol-1/RT)] (in units of s-1). The difference between the mechanisms of the two fluoroformates relies on the stabilization of a six-centered transition state that only exists for ethyl formate. First principles calculations for the different channels were carried out to understand the dynamics of the decomposition.

Measuring and heat losses for district heating systems in detached house areas; Maet- och vaermefoerluster foer fjaerrvaermesystem i smaahusomraaden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cederborg, Frederick; Nordgren, Ola [FVB Sverige ab, Vaesteraas (Sweden)

2005-07-01

Within 'low heat load' areas e.g. residential areas, with low energy consumption per individual customer, the resulting relationship between the heat loss and the energy sales is big. For these customers with low energy consumption, in particular during the summer season, concerns have been raised regarding the ability of the heat volume meters to register the true energy consumption. In order to determine the magnitude of the losses, the Swedish District Heating Association, has initiated a measuring project where measurements have been made in two separate residential areas with different system configurations and different temperature control programs. The measurements were performed from May 15, 2003 to September 23, 2004. The main objective for the project was to gather data and to analyse the magnitude of the total losses in the building systems. The relation between the heat losses and the measuring losses was also studied briefly. Two types of systems have been studied, on one hand a conventional district heating area with primary connected houses and on the other hand an area with secondary connected houses with PEX-pipes in Enkoeping. The heat and measuring losses at the area Munksundet in Enkoeping is 17 % at a 'load density' of 0,84. This value is somewhat lower than the accounted annual relative loss of 22-23 % stated in the report 'FVF 1997:11 Fjaerrvaerme till smaahus'. The results show that a secondary connected low temperature system with PEX-pipes is an interesting connection alternative for small houses. Also at the residential area Rotskaer in Skutskaer, the heat and measuring losses are lower than the accounted annual relative loss, about 24 % at a 'load density' of 0,49,which is to be compared with about 33 % annual relative loss according to the report 'FVF 1997:11'. Within this assignment there are difficulties to divide the measuring losses in short circuit flows and errors in the heat

Förskolechefens anavar och uppdrag i ett kommunalt förvaltningsperspektiv

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anita Eriksson

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The revision of the Swedish Education Act and of the Pre-School Curriculum of 2010 involved a demand for improved pedagogical quality and for an alteration and clarification of roles and responsibilities within the pre-school sector. In the revision the responsibilities, authorizations and rights to make decisions of the Heads of Preschool were articulated and clarified. This article describes and discusses how the new responsibilities and tasks of the Heads of Preschool have been interpreted and how the response to the revisions has manifested itself within a framework of municipal public administration. The data used consists of a questionnaire answered by 48 administrative officials with responsibility for education government in different municipalities. The result shows that the Heads of Preschool in a majority of municipalities are faced with increasing responsibilities and a new accountability structure. In order to meet the demands for improved pedagogical quality they are also expected to provide competence development opportunities for preschool staff.2010-års revideringen av skollagen och förskolans läroplan innebar dels ökade krav på pedagogisk kvalitet och dels på en förändrad och förtydligad ansvarsstruktur i förskolan. För förskolechefens del explicitgjordes och förtydligades både ansvar, befogenhet och beslutsrätt. I artikeln beskrivs och problematiseras hur förskolechefens ansvar och uppdrag tolkas och kommer till uttryck i ett övergripande kommunalt förvaltningsperspektiv i samband med dessa revideringar. Data utgörs av en enkätundersökning besvarad av 48 förvaltningstjänstemän anställda i olika kommuner. Resultatet visar att förskolechefen i flertalet kommuner har tilldelats ett stort ansvar när det gäller att tolka och initiera den förtydligade ansvarsstrukturen och skapa förutsättningar i form av kompetensutvecklingsinsatser för förskolepersonalen för att möta de ökade kraven p

IKEA nätbutik och hemleverans - En marknadsundersökning

OpenAIRE

Hasselström, Matias

2011-01-01

Konkurrensen på marknaderna blir ständigt hårdare. Internet och nät handel har medfört möjligheten att nå kunder dygnet runt och nästan helt utan geografiska begränsningar. För att företaget skall klara av konkurrensen måste deras produkter och tjänster tillfredsställa de alltmer krävande kundernas behov. För att tillfredsställa kundernas behov måste företagen undersöka vad kunderna efterfrågar och om företaget möter dessa krav. I detta arbete beskrivs hur en marknadsundersökning för IKEA nät...

Sociala medier - en påverkande faktor på identitetsutveckling och psykiskt välbefinnande : En kvalitativ studie om unga kvinnors uppfattningar och erfarenheter av sociala medier

OpenAIRE

Wiksten, Isabell; Ström, Johanna

2016-01-01

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och uppmärksamma unga kvinnors uppfattningar och erfarenheter avseende hur sociala medier påverkar deras identitetsutveckling och psykiska välbefinnande. Det är en kvalitativ studie baserad på två fokusgrupper med tre högskole- och universitetsstuderande kvinnor, i åldern 18 - 25. Det genomfördes även en individuell intervju med en professionell som är verksam på en stödmottagning för psykisk ohälsa. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten i analysen är symbolis...

Crystallization-induced dynamic resolution R-epimer from 25-OCH3-PPD epimeric mixture.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Sainan; Tang, Yun; Cao, Jiaqing; Zhao, Chen; Zhao, Yuqing

2015-11-15

25-OCH3-PPD is a promising antitumor dammarane sapogenin isolated from the total saponin-hydrolyzed extract of Panax ginseng berry and Panax notoginseng leaves. 20(R)-25-OCH3-PPD was more potent as an anti-cancer agent than 20(S)-25-OCH3-PPD and epimeric mixture of 25-OCH3-PPD. This paper describes the rapid separation process of the R-epimer of 25-OCH3-PPD from its epimeric mixture by crystallization-induced dynamic resolution (CIDR). The optimized CIDR process was based on single factor analysis and nine well-planned orthogonal design experiments (OA9 matrix). A rapid and sensitive reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) was developed and validated for the quantitation of 25-OCH3-PPD epimeric mixture and crystalline product. Separation and quantitation were achieved with a silica column using a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (87:13, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0mL/min. The ELSD detection was performed at 50°C and 3L/min. Under conditions involving 3mL of 95% ethanol, 8% HCl, and a hermetically sealed environment for 72h, the maximum production of 25(R)-OCH3-PPD was achieved with a chemical purity of 97% and a total yield of 87% through the CIDR process. The 25(R)-OCH3-PPD was nearly completely separated from the 220mg 25-OCH3-PPD epimeric mixture. Overall, a simple and steady small-batch purification process for the large-scale production of 25(R)-OCH3-PPD from 25-OCH3-PPD epimeric mixture was developed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Teoretisk och praktisk genomgång av IPv6 och dess säkerhetsaspekter

OpenAIRE

Andersson, David

2012-01-01

Den här uppsatsen går teoretiskt och praktiskt igenom IPv6 för att skapa en förståelse för det nya protokollet. Uppsatsen beskriver utöver den teoretiska genomgången av protokollet även det praktiska arbete som ligger bakom implementationen som är tänkt att kunna ge såväl privatpersoner som mindre organisationer tillgång till en säker IPv6 lösning även om Internetleverantören endast kan erbjuda IPv4.   Arbetet är gjort på eget initiativ då behovet av kunskap kring IPv6 växer lavinartat och då...

Balans mellan arbete och familjeliv : Ett vinnande koncept för alla

OpenAIRE

Holmgren, Viktor; Ajena, David

2012-01-01

Under de senaste årtionden har en stor förändring skett hos familjers olika sätt att förhålla sig till arbetslivet. Den traditionella arbetsdagen på 8-timmar är inte längre normen, och den framväxande informations- och kommunikations teknologin gör att en anställd kan få tillgång till allt arbete 24/7. En följd av dessa förändringar är att efterfrågan på familjerelaterande- och hushållsnäratjänster har ökat både för män och kvinnor. Rapporten har visat forskning och studier som påvisar att de...

Ogräs, åkertistlar och taggiga växter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lars Klintwall

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Psykiatriska diagnoser är kontroversiella. Vissa, ofta psykiatriker, menar att psykiska tillstånd går att dela upp i distinkta klasser medan andra, ofta psykologer, menar att all sådan uppdelning gör våld på verkligheten. Dessutom har psykiatrin anklagats för att vara moraliserande: vem kan avgöra vad som är sjukt och friskt? Är autism en sjukdom? Utifrån en pragmatisk begreppsanalys är uppdelningen mellan sjukt och friskt nödvändigtvis godtycklig. Precis som när en trädgårdsmästare avgör vad som är ogräs så beror det på situationen och ens syften. Och precis som växterarter ibland är distinkta arter så kan vissa psykiatriska diagnoser vara distinkta klasser, och andra inte. Kanske är autism en avgränsad diagnos, kanske inte. Men ibland är inte artsuppdelning det mest användbara för en trädgårdsmästare, precis som det inte behöver vara det för psykiatrin. Istället kan man formulera nya kategoriseringar helt baserade på pragmatiska hänsyn. Ibland räcker det med taggiga växter och socialt indifferenta barn.

Från outsiderfilmmakare till etablerad indieregissör : David Lynch, Jim Jarmusch och Steven Soderbergh

OpenAIRE

Simberg, Maximilian

2014-01-01

Det här arbetet behandlar kreativ frihet och konstnärligt oberoende i filmskapande, utgående från begreppet independent film och regissörerna David Lynch, Jim Jarmusch och Steven Soderbergh. Den centrala frågeställningen är hur det har varit möjligt för en filmkonstnär att uppnå konstnärligt oberoende och samtidigt ha en långlivad och framgångsrik karriär. Arbetets fokus ligger på de tre regissörernas genombrottsfilmer; Eraserhead, Stranger Than Paradise och sex, lies, and videotape, och förs...

Evidensgraderingssystemet GRADE : Ett sätt att granska vetenskaplig kunskap om metoder och arbetssätt i hälso- och sjukvården

OpenAIRE

Roback, Kerstin; Carlsson, Per

2009-01-01

Beslut om införande av nya behandlingsmetoder och arbetssätt i sjukvården präglas alltid av en viss grad av osäkerhet. De studier som gjorts av metodens för- och nackdelar kan vara av olika god kvalitet och därmed ge mer eller mindre säkra resultat. Efter att användningen av systematiska litteraturstudier vid medicinsk teknologiutvärdering tog fart på 1980-talet började man efterfråga ett beslutsunderlag som även tar hänsyn till olika studiers kvalitet. Detta initierade utvecklingen av flera ...

Anti-lung cancer effects of novel ginsenoside 25-OCH(3)-PPD.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Wei; Rayburn, Elizabeth R; Hang, Jie; Zhao, Yuqing; Wang, Hui; Zhang, Ruiwen

2009-09-01

20(S)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3beta, 12beta, 20-triol (25-OCH(3)-PPD), a newly identified natural product from Panax notoginseng, exhibits activity against a variety of cancer cells. Herein, we report the effects of this compound on human A549, H358, and H838 lung cancer cells, and compare these effects with a control lung epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B. 25-OCH(3)-PPD decreased survival, inhibited proliferation, and induced apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest in the lung cancer cell lines. The P. notoginseng compound also decreased the levels of proteins associated with cell proliferation and cell survival. Moreover, 25-OCH(3)-PPD inhibited the growth of A549 lung cancer xenograft tumors. 25-OCH(3)-PPD demonstrated low toxicity to non-cancer cells, and no observable toxicity was seen when the compound was administered to animals. In conclusion, our preclinical data indicate that 25-OCH(3)-PPD is a potential therapeutic agent in vitro and in vivo, and further preclinical and clinical development of this agent for lung cancer is warranted.

Flavours – det smakar doft : Upplevelsen av mat och vin i kombination

OpenAIRE

Hult, Jonas; Lagnetoft, David; Nygren, Nadia

2011-01-01

Inledning: Den vetenskapliga förankringen om mat och vin i kombination är låg. Upplevelsenav en måltid involverar alla de mänskliga sinnena, vilket således har gjort den svår att mäta.Hur stor roll spelar egentligen grundsmakerna och krävs det ytterligare element för att lyfta enkombination av mat och vin till högre höjder?Bakgrund: Förutom smaklökarna på tungan som bildar den grundläggande uppfattningen avdet vi stoppar i munnen, är det främst munkänsla och flavours som bidrar till helheten ...

Dubbel ABC-analys av inrednings- och gåvoartiklar för en blombutik

OpenAIRE

Ruokolainen, Daniela

2016-01-01

Kirkkonummen Kukkapiste är en blombutik i Kyrkslätt centrum, som år 2012 utvidgade sitt sortiment av inrednings- och gåvoartiklar. Konkurrensen är hög och en ABC-analys kan hjälpa företagare att identifiera vilka faktorer i ett företag som det lönar sig att lägga tid och resurser på, vilket i sin tur effektiverar verksamheten. Syftet med detta arbete är att med hjälp av en dubbel ABC-analys för Kirkkonummen Kukkapiste ta reda på vilka inrednings- och gåvoartiklar som binder mest kapital och v...

Ramverk för en drift- och underhållsstrategi ur ett regelstyrt infrastrukturperspektiv

OpenAIRE

Espling, Ulla

2004-01-01

Att förvalta statens järnvägar är en komplex uppgift där hänsyn måste tas till interna och externa faktorer och processer samtidigt som krav på effektivitet ställs från ägare, kunder och slutkunder. Banverket bildade 1988 genom att det affärsdrivande verket Statens Järnvägar delades i ett infrastrukturverk, Banverket, och ett trafikutövningsverk SJ. Vid tidpunkten för delningen var infrastrukturanläggningarna i stort behov av upprustning och förnyelse. Till att börja med tillämpades regelstyr...

Bankvärldens framtid : En studie kring hur banker utnyttjar den teknologiska utvecklingen och digitaliseringen av tjänster, samt dess påverkan på kundrelationer, förtroende och lojalitet

OpenAIRE

Grip, Sebastian; Hellström, Gustav; Skyttevall, Tobias

2017-01-01

Titel: Bankvärldens framtid: En studie kring hur banker utnyttjar den teknologiska utvecklingen och digitaliseringen av tjänster samt dess påverkan på kundrelationer, förtroende och lojalitet   Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi   Akademi: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens Högskola   Författare: Sebastian Grip, Gustav Hellström och Tobias Skyttevall (92/04/22), (94/02/28), (95/05/21) Handledare: Hadjikhani, Annoch   Datum: 05–06–17   Bakgrund: Att skapa en lojal kun...

Load Prediction in District Heating Systems with Regard to Scenarios and Uncertainties in Weather; Lastprognoser foer fjaerrvaerme med haensyn till scenarier och osaekerheter i vaedret

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hedberg, Martin; Koppers, Gijs [Meteopolaris AB, Nacka (Sweden)

2011-11-15

The report shows, by means of load calculations on ensemble weather forecasts and subsequent production planning, that by a better optimization of the operation of district heating plants the costs of production of heat and electricity can be reduced. During a fifth of the time the saving potential is 5% or more.

Ledarskapet och de två faktorerna : En induktiv studie för att förstå hur organisationsfaktorer och könsstereotyper påverkar ledarskap

OpenAIRE

Larsson, Hampus; Tang, Vinh; Vannfält, Jessica

2018-01-01

Sammanfattning   Titel: Ledarskapet och de två faktorerna: En induktiv studie för att förstå hur organisationsfaktorer och könsstereotyper påverkar ledarskap.   Seminariedatum: 2018-01-09   Akademi: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalen Högskola   Ämne/kurs: FOA300, examensarbete i företagsekonomi på kandidatnivå.   Författare: Larsson, Hampus 930903, Tang, Vinh 940523, Vannfält, Jessica 911031   Handledare: Magnus Linderström   Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att genom en i...

Water-soluble derivatives of 25-OCH3-PPD and their anti-proliferative activities.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Wu-Xi; Sun, Yuan-Yuan; Yuan, Wei-Hui; Zhao, Yu-Qing

2017-05-01

(20R)-25-Methoxyl-dammarane-3β,12β,20-triol (25-OCH 3 -PPD, AD-1) is a dammarane-type sapogenin showing anti-tumor potential. In the search for new anti-tumor agents with higher potency than our previously identified compound 25-OCH 3 -PPD, 11 novel sulfamic acid and diacid derivatives that could improve water solubility and contribute to good drug potency and pharmacokinetic profiles were designed and synthesized. Their in vitro anti-tumor activities in MCF-7, A-549, HCT-116, and BGC-823 cell lines and one normal cell line were tested by standard MTT assay. Results showed that compared with compound 25-OCH 3 -PPD, compounds 1, 4, and 5 exhibited higher cytotoxic activity on almost all cell lines, together with lower toxicity in the normal cell. In particular, compound 1 exhibited the best anti-tumor activity in the in vitro assays. The water solubility of 25-OCH 3 -PPD and its derivatives was tested and the results showed that the solubility of 25-OCH 3 -PPD sulfamic acid and diacid derivatives were better than that of 25-OCH 3 -PPD in water, which may provide valuable data for the research and development of new anti-tumor agents. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tre lampor och ett ben : produktserie för Gotlands Lampfabrik

OpenAIRE

Johansson, Emma

2010-01-01

Gotlands Lampfabrik är en nystartad verksamhet (2009) som drivs av Jonas Kling och Jane Odell centralt på Gotland. De producerar stilrena lampskärmar i ett ljust polymermaterial med papp på båda sidorna. Produktionen är liten och görs för hand på plats i den egna fabriken i Väskinde. Sortimentet består av 33 lampskärmar och i nuläget producerar inte Gotlands Lampfabrik sina egna lampben eller upphängningar utan köper in dem från fristående parter vilket medför att sortimentet kan uppfattas so...

LCA som verktyg för ökad kunskap om miljöpåverkan från golvmaterialen vinyl, linoleum och parkett : Utifrån certifieringskriterier om relevans, potential och styrbarhet

OpenAIRE

Yilmaz, Secil

2012-01-01

Life Cycle Assesment, LCA, används för att sammanställa och utvärdera in- och utflöden ur ett system samt potentiell miljöpåverkan under en produkts livscykel. Beräkningarna görs genom att se hela produkten ur ett livscykelperspektiv, dvs. från det att produkten är en råvara till det att den hanteras som avfall. Beroende på måldefinition och systemgränser kan detaljgraden och tidsramen för LCA-studien varieras. LCA används för att identifiera möjligheter att förbättra produkten i olika delar ...

Boye och "jag" : En grammatisk analys av en litterär persona

OpenAIRE

Lindström, Elina

2015-01-01

I denna uppsats använder jag den interpersonella metafunktionen inom systemisk-funktionell grammatik för att undersöka sex av Karin Boyes dikter, detta med syfte att se huruvida en sådan här analys kan säga något av intresse om diktjaget. Analysen genomfördes enligt Holmberg och Karlssons modell i Grammatik med betydelse, där subjekt och finit tagits ut varpå språkhandlingar markerats och modalitet kommenterats. Dikterna är hämtade ur Boyes Samlade dikter. Av min analys framgår att jaget beha...

Krav och Kontroll på arbetet : - vilka förklaringsvariabler påverkar individens upplevelse?

OpenAIRE

Sjöberg-Linna, Annica

2011-01-01

Arbetsmiljön kan enligt Karasek och Theorell (1990) karaktäriseras i två dimensioner, psykologiska krav från arbetet och i vilken utsträckning individen möter dessa med hjälp av egenkontrollen. De har utvecklat krav-kontroll modellen som mäter den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Modellen används i denna studie för att undersöka huruvida några förklaringsvariabler relaterar till individens upplevelse av krav och kontroll på arbetet. Deltagarna fick besvara en enkät besående av olika variabler och s...

Room-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of SiOCH films using tetraethoxysilane

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamaoka, K.; Yoshizako, Y.; Kato, H.; Tsukiyama, D.; Terai, Y.; Fujiwara, Y.

2006-01-01

Carbon-doped silicon oxide (SiOCH) thin films were deposited by room-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). The deposition rate and composition of the films strongly depended on radio frequency (RF) power. The films deposited at low RF power contained more CH n groups. The SiOCH films showed high etch rate and low refractive index in proportion to the carbon composition. The deposition with low plasma density and low substrate temperature is effective for SiOCH growth by PECVD using TEOS

Nu mår man? : en kvalitativ studie om tidspress och välmående

OpenAIRE

Asfedai Larsson, Joel; Falk, Emil

2017-01-01

Tidigare forskning visar att många akademiker upplever hög arbetsbelastning och påtaglig tidspress på arbetsplatsen. Det kan leda till en konflikt mellan arbete och fritid. Tidspress och välmående är aktuella ämnen, vilket dagspressen styrker. Tidigare forskning upplever dessutom en kunskapslucka vad gäller forskning om obalans mellan arbete och fritid, samt vilket effekt det får på individens välmående. Studiens syfte är således att utforska hur redovisningskonsulten upplever tidspress utifr...

Vinstvarningars påverkan på företag i Large och Small Cap? :  

OpenAIRE

Maliqi, Agon; Persson, Henric

2013-01-01

Den här studien undersöker hur vinstvarningar påverkar stora och små företag. För att förklara dess påverkan på företagen har den effektiva marknadshypotesen och behavioral finance använts som grund. Avgränsningen har gjorts till Stockholmsbörsen då inga tidigare studier haft fokus på den. Empirin visar att företag i Large Cap påverkas med i snitt -4,63% och företagen i Small Cap med -8,42%. Large Cap visade signifikanta abnorma avkastningar under eventdatumet och dagen efter medan Small Cap ...

Inre och yttre motivation till träning : en kvalitativ studie bland regebundet aktiva kvinnor

OpenAIRE

Jonsson, Johanna

2015-01-01

Bakgrund: Regelbunden träning är viktig för både fysiskt och psykisktvälbefinnande. För att bibehålla en regelbundenhet i träningen krävs det ettengagemang och en motivation. En person kan motiveras av både inre ochyttre faktorer beroende på personens intresse. Trots att människor tenderaratt vara mer stillasittande, tycks intresset för träning och hälsa öka. Inteminst syns detta på sociala medier, där bilder och inlägg medträningsbudskap förmedlas frekvent. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att under...

Varumärket IKEA : en studie om identitet och image vid företagets etablering i Karlstad

OpenAIRE

Almqvist, Jessica; Reinholdsson, Åsa

2007-01-01

IKEA är i nuläget ett av Sveriges och världens starkaste varumärken och under sommaren 2007 kommer IKEA att etablera sig i Karlstad. För att ett varumärke ska kunna anses vara starkt krävs det att företagets identitet och image stämmer överens. Identitet är de signaler som företaget sänder ut till kunden och image är den uppfattning som uppstår i kundens medvetande om själva företaget. Intresset i nuläget var att se till vad IKEA har för identitet och vad boende i Karlstad med omnejd har för ...

Inventory of future power and heat production technologies. Partial report Boilers/Combustion/Steam cycle for district heating and cogeneration; Inventering av framtidens el- och vaermeproduktionstekniker. Delrapport Pannor/Foerbraenning/Aangcykel foer fjaerrvaerme och kraftvaerme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schuster, Robert (AaF Process, Stockholm (Sweden))

2008-12-15

The energy market of today is turbulent and it is quite clear that big changes in the consumption pattern are going to occur, due to the expansion in Asia and the expected Climate Change. The EU has, as a first step, stated in a directive that the consumption of renewable energy in the heat and power sector should be increased to 20 % and in the transportation sector to 10 % by the year 2020, a target which is high above current levels in most of the EU countries. It is reasonable to believe the European demand of renewable energy will create a shortage of biomass and that the development and use of technology for energy production will therefore not only depend on what is technically possible. One scenario is that biomass is mainly used for the markets that have very few alternatives, such as the transportation sector and small scale CHP units. We have today a relatively high electrical consumption through a stable grid and district heating nets in almost all densely populated areas. Large high efficiency power plants combined with heat pump technology will probably prevent any significant expansion of the district heating nets. A third major net for gas distribution seems not to be a feasible solution. Local nets for production of biogas from wet waste for different purposes, including EvGT units with 55% efficiency may however be good solution for some areas. There are a number of cycles and technical solutions to increase the electrical efficiency which could be applied also on smaller plants. The total efficiency will however not increase, only the el/heat ratio and it is not obvious that the higher investment cost for indirect cycles, bottom cycles or extreme steam data in combination with the risk of lower availability is a feasible solution. Especially waste to energy plants, with their need of high utilisation time, are sensitive to long production interruptions. The existing heat sinks in Sweden will however be efficiently used for electrical production of some kind, though they can be expected to be decreased due to warmer climate and energy efficiency measures in buildings. The big manufacturers and energy companies are today heavily involved in RandD to develop climate friendly fossil fuel plants. The goal is to increase the efficiency and to develop the CCS-technology. With the amount of money involved it is plausible that they are going to be successful and that Post Combustion technology will be commercial around the year 2015, OxyFuel/Carbon around 2020 and Chemical looping after year 2030. This development includes also a significant efficiency increase, mainly based on material development and development of oxygen and carbon dioxide separation. It can be assumed that Sweden in the year 2030, as the other countries in the EU union, will produce electricity mainly in large high efficiency plants with low CO{sub 2} emissions. The plants could be natural gas fired combined cycles (efficiency without CCS of eta{sub el} = 65%), coal fired CHP-plants (efficiency without CCS eta{sub el} >55%) and/or nuclear power plants at our coast line. Inland there could be waste and bio fired CHP plants and Pulp and paper plants, both types producing biofuel from all the different types of biomass that are available

Imageskapande och marknadsföringskommunikation : En deskriptiv studie om Örebro Bostäders arbete i Vivalla och Markbacken

OpenAIRE

Abedian Sanandaji, Foad

2011-01-01

Slutsatsen efter genomfört arbetet är att Örebro Bostäder AB bland annat har en önskvärd image av Vivalla som ett område med en unik och personlig omgivning med mindre individuella bostadsområden där det finns något för alla smaker. I Markbacken vill Öbo behålla och förstärka en image av variation, där allt från barnfamiljer till den som söker ett lite mer exklusivt boende skall lockas. Vidare har undersökningen visat att dessa önskvärda imager främst förmedlas via mun till mun-metoden, massm...

Motivation beroende på anställningsform? : En fallstudie om motivationsrelaterade skillnader mellan fast anställda och inhyrda medarbetare på ett bank- och försäkringsföretag

OpenAIRE

Sundqvist Swahn, Sofia; Emthén, Niklas; Persson, Katarina

2011-01-01

Bemanningsbranschen växer och allt fler personer blir anställda via bemanningsföretag. Bemanningsföretagens viktigaste uppgift är att öka flexibiliteten på arbetsmarknaden. De gör det lättare för företagen att snabbt anpassa arbetsstyrkan till efterfrågan. Samtidigt finns problem och risker med att hyra in personal. Flertalet studier kring dessa problem tangerar ämnena motivation och/eller inhyrda medarbetare, men forskningen är begränsad vad gäller inhyrda medarbetares motivation. Under anta...

Sol och stränder eller bra bibliotek? : En studie över vilka faktorer som påverkar utlandsstudenters val av destination och lärosäte

OpenAIRE

Jokinen, Charlotta; Halling, Lisa Kristin

2009-01-01

Sammanfattning Akademi:     Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, Mälardalens högskola. Nivå:             Kandidatuppsats i marknadsföring, 15 hp. Datum:         2009-05-18 Författare:   Lisa Kristin Halling och Charlotta Jokinen. Handledare: Lars Albert. Bakgrund:   I dagens samhälle är det vanligt att åka utomlands på semester och tidigare forskning har gjorts för att undersöka vilka faktorer det är som påverkar en resenär vid val av destination. Det är även vanligt förekomma...

För vilka finns kroppspositivismen? : En diskursanalytisk och semiotisk studie av hur kroppsaktivister på Instagram artikulerar kroppspositivism

OpenAIRE

Wallén, Camilla

2017-01-01

Denna studie har genomförts med syfte att undersöka hur kroppsaktivister artikulerar kropp och kroppspositivitet genom bilder och texter på deras Instagramkonton. Studien syftar även till att undersöka om, och i så fall hur, artikulationerna av kroppspositivitet skiljer sig mellan olika kroppsaktivister. Slutligen syftar studien till att studera hur kroppsaktivisterna artikulerar syftet med rörelsen. Det teoretiska ramverket består av tidigare forskning och etablerade teorier i postmodern fem...

Bristande samsyn i lärares definition av hot och våld : En kvalitativ studie om förekomst av hot och våld mot lärare på högstadieskolor.

OpenAIRE

Eklund, Anton; Johansson, Tommy

2017-01-01

Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att studera förekomsten av hot och våld mot lärare på högstadieskolor, hur man på de undersökta skolorna arbetar med att minimera förekomsten av hot och våld samt hur lärare definierar sin syn på vad som kan vara hot och våld från föräldrar och elever. Studien är baserad på ett riktat bekvämlighetsurval där skyddsombud på högstadieskolor i den undersökta kommunen valdes ut. I samband med analysen av studiens resultat har Lintons rollteori använts för att s...

Kan ekologisk och ekonomisk hållbarhet kombineras? : En studie av en neoklassisk jämviktsmodell och dess relation till hållbarhet

OpenAIRE

Pettersson, David

2015-01-01

Bakgrunden till examensarbetet är att aktiviteter kopplat till den globala ekonomin samt tillväxt av denna har skapat en situation som i dagsläget inte uppfyller den ekologiska dimensionen av hållbarhet. Lösningar för att minska den miljöpåverkan som sker idag samtidigt som ekonomisk tillväxt sker har kritiserats och istället föreslås ekonomier med låg eller ingen tillväxt. Med bakgrund till detta har forskningsprojektet Bortom BNP-tillväxt startat och examensarbetet genomförs hos ekonomiska ...

Om rättssäkerheten i instans- och processordningen : ur ett svenskt asylrättsligt perspektiv

OpenAIRE

Gisslén, Kristofer

2007-01-01

Den 1 Mars 2006 ersattes den gamla UtlL (1989:529) av en ny UtlL (2005:716) med stora förändringar i instans- och processordningen. De grundläggande kraven på denna var att öppenheten i asylprocessen skulle öka, att de sökande skulle ges ökade möjligheter till muntlig förhandling vid överklagande av asyl- och medborgarskapsärenden, att processen skulle bestå av en tvåpartsprocess och att instans- och processordningen skulle utformas så att kraven på skyndsam handläggning uppfylldes. I denna u...

Hur äldres sexualitet och sexuella hälsa är kopplade till deras livskvalitet : En litteraturstudie

OpenAIRE

Heinrich, Elsa; Johansson, Amanda

2016-01-01

Sexualiteten och den sexuella hälsan är en grundpelare i att varje människas individualitet. Det finns ett fördomsfullt synsätt angående äldre och deras sexualitet där gruppen blir betraktade som asexuell. Ämnet är tabubelagt och det föreligger relativt lite kunskap kring det. Livskvalitet är en subjektiv upplevelse som förändras över tid. Åldrandet bidrar till flera riskfaktorer som kan leda till nedsatt livskvalitet. Denna litteraturstudies syfte var att undersöka hur sexualitet och sexuell...

"Oftast du vet själv vad är det rätta" : Högstadieelevers sociala mediavanor och regelperception i onlinesammanhang

OpenAIRE

Bergman, Mikael

2018-01-01

Sammanfattning: Sociala medier spelar en allt större roll i hur vi kommunicerar och uttrycker oss. Denna studie är ämnad att utveckla och koppla ihop den redan existerande forskningen om ungdomars sociala mediavanor på Snapchat och Instagram, och forskning om vad sociala mediaanvändare upplever vad man kan och får publicera på dessa sociala medier. Denna studie utforskar detta genom tre fokusgruppsintervjuer med 15 åriga niondeklassare. Resultatet analyseras genom dramaturgi som till stor del...

Higher Ground : Stevie Wonder och New Age

OpenAIRE

Nyman, Jonas

2005-01-01

Syftet med min uppsats är att jämföra religiösa företeelser från tre av Stevie Wonders album med New Age för att på så sätt uttröna om Stevie Wonders texter påverkats av New Age- föreställningar. Jag hittar både skillnader och likheter när jag jämför det religiösa budskapet i Stevie Wonders texter med New Age. De New Age- företeelser som går att hitta i texterna är få i förhållande till New Age i sin helhet och det är svårt att avgöra vilka influenser som kommer ifrån Stevie Wonder, New Age ...

Lekfull kreativitet. Fysiska användargränssnitt som erbjuder social och fysisk interaktion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brooks, Eva Irene

2017-01-01

I den här artikeln presenteras en studie som ägde rum under två år i fem olika förskolor i Danmark och som inkluderade 55 barn. Specifikt undersökte vi hur fysiska användargränssnitt kan stötta social och fysisk interaktion. Studien applicerade en design-baserad metodologi som följde en iterativ,......, cyklisk process. Analysen visade att fysiska gränssnitt som främjar utforskande aktiviteter, verbala interaktioner och samarbete har en potential att erbjuda lekfulla lärande situationer som understödjer fria men också guidade aktiviteter....

Arkitekturer i operativsystem : en fallstudie i monolitisk och micro kernel

OpenAIRE

Hjortsberg, Andreas; Frederiksen, Kristofer

2001-01-01

Den tekniska utvecklingen driver fram allt mer avancerade datorsystem. Samtidigt ställs allt större krav på stabilitet och flexibilitet i de operativsystem som ska användas på dessa system. De senaste årtiondena har micro kernel arkitekturen varit föremål för intensiv forskning och det finns idag ett flertal operativsystem på marknaden som använder denna arkitektur. Traditionella monolitiska operativsystem är relativt resurskrävande system som ofta anklagats för att sakna struktur. Micro kern...

Digitala spel : En kvalitativ studie om E-sportspelares erfarenheter från karriär och upplevd hälsa

OpenAIRE

Szilagyi, Ivan

2017-01-01

Ungdomar och unga vuxna är de främsta användarna av digitala spel och även de främsta entusiasterna av fenomenet E-sport. Spelvanor är av betydelse då studier har påvisat att det finns determinanter, både fysiologiska och psykologiska som kan påverka individens välbefinnande.Syftet med studien var att undersöka professionella E-sportspelares erfarenheter av att utöva sin sport och hur de upplever att detta påverkar hälsan. En kvalitativ metod användes och datainsamling utfördes genom intervju...

Löslighet och transport av sällsynta jordartsmetaller i Källfallsfältets gruvsandsmagasin

OpenAIRE

de Campos Pereira, Hugo

2014-01-01

Löslighet och transport av sällsynta jordartsmetaller i Källfallsfältets gruvsandsmagasin Hugo de Campos Pereira Syftet med detta arbete har varit att kartlägga vilka mekanismer som styr lösligheten av sällsynta jordartsmetaller (eng. rare earth elements, REE) i sulfidhaltig anrikningssand vid den föredetta gruvan Källfallsfältet i Västmanland. För syftet har markvatten- och grundvattenprovtagning utförts, tillsammans med laktester och geokemisk modellering med Visual MINTEQ ver. 3.0. Resulta...

Verksamhetsanalys, Planering och Utveckling av en webbtjänst

OpenAIRE

Kindstedt, Tomas

2013-01-01

Arbetet behandlar utvecklingsprocessen av programmet SECTMA, ett cirkeltränings-program designat för människor som utövar kampsporter. Programmet är designat för alla konditionsnivåer från toppidrottare till de som endast vill förbättra sin kondition. Arbetet är tudelat, i den första delen går jag igenom teori för STOF och Agile för att skapa en grund och en förståelse för hur jag vill utveckla programmet. Den andra delen följer med utvecklingsprocessen stegvis. STOF erbjuder ett ramverk...

Guide för referenshantering : APA-manual inom Barn- och ungdomsvetenskap (BUVA)

OpenAIRE

Engdahl, Ingrid

2014-01-01

Denna guide behandlar först hur du enligt APA refererar i löpande text och därefter hur man skriver en referenslista. För en komplett guide till APA Style hänvisas till Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, 2010) eller till hemsidan http://www.apastyle.org, där det finns tydlig introduktion i ljud och bild till APA Style.

M2-metoden: Minne och motivation i harmoni för ökad genomströmning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonard Suppatt Ngaosuvan

2013-01-01

Full Text Available God genomströmning är en ekonomisk förutsättning för lärosäten inom högre utbildning. Studiens syfte var att testa en didaktisk metod där studenter övar med tentamensuppgifter under kursens gång. Metoden testades på ett moment i metod och statistik på en samhällsvetenskaplig utbildning. Ett treveckorsmoment i kvantitativ metod och statistik genomfördes på avancerad nivå och bestod av föreläsningar, statistikövningar och gruppövningar. Inför momentet presenterades 117 uppgifter ur vilka ett stratifierat slumpvist urval konstituerade salstentan. Studenterna arbetade självständigt med studieuppgifterna med lärarstöd. Resultatet visade god genomströmning, där samtliga 64 förstagångstentander blev godkända. Metodens framgång i genomströmning förklaras i termer av både minnes- och motivationspsykologi. 

Batman: En musikalisk berättelse : En analys av filmerna Batman: The Movie, Batman och The Dark Knight

OpenAIRE

Bohlin, Benjamin

2017-01-01

Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera hur filmmusiken har använts i Batman: The Movie (1966), Batman (1989) och The Dark Knight (2008). Att se en narrativ användning och beskrivning av Batman samt hur upplevelsen av filmen ändras när man ser den utan musik. Kompositörerna till filmerna är, för Batman: The Movie (1966) Nelson Riddle, till Batman (1989) är det Danny Elfman och till The Dark Knight (2008) är kompositörerna Hans Zimmer och James Newton Howard. Filmerna analyserats från ett mult...

Work-life balance utifrån ett arbetsgivarperspektiv : Om arbetsgivares arbete och inställning mot work-life balance

OpenAIRE

Eriksson, Johan

2014-01-01

I och med att tid spenderad på arbetsplatsen verkar fortsätta öka blir allt mindre och mindre tid kvar till familj och fritid, eller det som i denna uppsats benämns som övrigt liv. Den vanligaste orsaken till att en individ upplever obalans är att arbetssfären är för dominerande och lämnar kvar för lite tid till övriga sfärer. Därför har syftet i denna uppsats varit att öka förståelsen för hur och varför olika arbetsgivare arbetar med work-life balance samt att ta reda på vad de har för instä...

Etik och marknadsföring i bloggar : Var går gränsen för smygreklam?

OpenAIRE

Hellman, Anna

2014-01-01

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att belysa marknadsföringen i bloggar och dess etiska problem. Avsikten är att redogöra för var gränsen för smygreklam går och att få reda på hur mycket bloggarna känner till om ämnet. Bloggarnas andel av sociala medier samt mängden bloggläsare har vuxit explosionsartat. Marknadsföring och reklam i soci-ala medier har vuxit i och med populariteten av sociala medier bland folket. På grund av den ökade marknadsföringen i bloggar har smygreklam uppstått. Efterso...

Natural refrigerants. Future heat pumps for district heating; Naturliga koeldmedier. Framtida vaermepumpar foer fjaerrvaerme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ingvarsson, Paul; Steen Ronnermark, Ingela [Fortum Teknik och Miljoe AB, Stockholm (Sweden); Eriksson, Marcus [Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden). Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Science

2004-01-01

International work on refrigerants is aiming at phasing out HFC. The solution might be natural refrigerants. Within 15-20 years, when present heat pumps for district heating in Sweden are likely not in service any longer, it might still be good economy to install new heat pumps since only the machines need to be replaced. This report describes the possibilities to use natural refrigerants. A first screening resulted in further study on some hydrocarbons, ammonia and carbon dioxide. Water was considered to require too large volumes. In present plants it is practically not possible to use any natural refrigerants, partly because the compressors are not adapted. In new plants the situation is different. Today it is technically possible to install new heat pumps in the studied size, 15 MW{sub th}, using ammonia or hydrocarbons as refrigerant. But likely it is very difficult to get permits from authorities since the refrigerants are toxic or highly flammable. There is substantial international research on using carbon dioxide, and this refrigerant is also used in some applications. Carbon dioxide is used at high pressure and in a trans-critical process. Surprisingly, it turned out that one compressor manufacturer considers it possible to supply a heat pump for district heating within 5 years. This development has taken place in Russia, mainly for domestic use. Thus, within 15 to 20 years there will probably exist a technique where carbon dioxide is used. However, more development is needed. Additionally, low district heating return temperatures are also needed to get an acceptable COP. The investment cost for a heat pump installation is considered to be approx. 30 % higher when using ammonia or propane compared to using R134a. When using carbon dioxide there is in the longer run potential to get lower cost than for R134a. The COPs are almost identical if the systems are properly designed. In the carbon dioxide case the COP is somewhat lower, but has a potential for improvement in components, system and external preconditions. In the future it might be more interesting to use turbine driven heat pumps instead of electric motors. The absorption process is not considered to be an alternative to replace present heat pumps, but there is a certain niche where heat source and driving energy, considering temperature levels, are more suitable for district heating. A technique that seems to be an alternative to the compression cycle is a combination of compression and absorption. Using the media pair water and ammonia might be an interesting solution and should be compared to the alternative using carbon dioxide. A further study is recommended on this subject.

Fascians funktion och olika fysioterapeutiska interventioners effekt på fascian

OpenAIRE

Hackman, Mikaela

2017-01-01

Fasciabehandlingar är ett relativt nytt område inom fysioterapin, även om intresse för ämnet funnits redan under antikens tid. Forskningsmetoderna har i dag blivit bättre och vi kan undersöka vävnader som varit omöjliga att undersöka tidigare, på grund av tek-nikbrist. Syftet med det här arbetet är att ta reda på vad forskningen idag kommit fram till i fråga om fascia, ffa då det handlar om smärta, och hur fysioterapeuten kan ha nytta av kunskapen vid behandling av klienter. Den första forskn...

Från yrkesvalslärare till karriärvägledare : Studie- och yrkesvägledaryrket i ett professionaliseringsperspektiv

OpenAIRE

Holmsten, Nina; Lehninger, Jeannette

2009-01-01

I Sverige finns det idag ett stort antal yrken och en del av dessa är i en professionaliseringsprocess. Studie- och yrkesvägledaryrket är ett exempel på ett yrke i denna process. Syftet är att beskriva utvalda aktörers syn på studie- och yrkesvägledaryrkets avgränsningar, kompetens samt eventuella auktorisation i ett professionaliseringsperspektiv. En kvalitativ metod har använts och fem elitintervjuer har genomförts med representanter från Lärarförbundet, Lärarnas Riksförbund, Sveriges vägle...

Musikbranschen i förändring : Artistens möjligheter med och utan skivbolag

OpenAIRE

Järnström, Sofia Maria

2011-01-01

Syftet med mitt examensarbete är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning artister kan nå en publik utan att ingå ett skivkontrakt och att klargöra för vilka kanaler som finns tillgäng-liga för självständig marknadsföring. Undersökningen är kvalitativ och jag kommer att fokusera på fyra intervjuer med personer inom branschen. Jag fokuserar på dessa frågor: 1) Hur kan en artist nå ut med sin musik, utan att ha ett skivbolag bakom sig som marknadsförare och distributör? 2) Vilka nya...

25-OCH3-PPD induces the apoptosis of activated t-HSC/Cl-6 cells via c-FLIP-mediated NF-κB activation.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Yan-ling; Wan, Ying; Jin, Xue-Jun; OuYang, Bing-Qing; Bai, Ting; Zhao, Yu-Qing; Nan, Ji-Xing

2011-11-15

25-OCH(3)-PPD is a dammarane-type triterpene sapogenin isolated from the roots, leaves and seeds of Panax notoginseng, which has shown anti-tumor effects in several human cancer lines. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 25-OCH(3)-PPD on apoptosis of activated t-HSC/Cl-6 cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The inhibitory effects of eleven compounds isolated from Panax ginseng and P. notoginseng were detected in activated t-HSC/Cl-6 cells. 25-OCH(3)-PPD produced a significant inhibitory effect on activated t-HSC/Cl-6 cells. However, 25-OCH(3)-PPD showed almost no effect on the cell viability of Chang liver cells, a type of normal human hepatic cell line. Therefore, we aimed to determine the anti-fibrotic potential of 25-OCH(3)-PPD and to characterize the signal transduction pathways involved in activated HSCs. 25-OCH(3)-PPD decreased the fibrosis markers, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1). 25-OCH(3)-PPD elevated the level of cellular GSH in activated HSCs, which demonstrated that 25-OCH(3)-PPD might inhibit HSC activation by its antioxidant capacity. Further analyses revealed that 25-OCH(3)-PPD increased the levels of cleaved caspase-3, decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and the expression of survivin via c-FLIP-mediated NF-κB activation and shed light on the regulation of apoptosis. Therefore, 25-OCH(3)-PPD may prove to be an excellent candidate agent for the therapy of hepatic fibrosis. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Determination of 25-OCH3-PPD and the related substances by UPLC-MS/MS and their cytotoxic activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Ding, Meng; Lu, Jingjing; Zhao, Chen; Zhang, Sainan; Zhao, Yuqing

2016-06-01

20(R)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3β,12β,20-triol (25-OCH3-PPD) is a promising antitumor compound belonging to triterpenoid saponins isolated from radix notoginseng. A systematic research on the related impurities in raw material of 25-OCH3-PPD has not been conducted. In this study, three impurities obtained by HPLC-ELSD and characterized by (13)C NMR and MS were observed in the raw material of 25-OCH3-PPD. Cytotoxic activities of the related substances were also evaluated, of which impurity B with 25-OCH3-PPD showed synergistic inhibitory activity against BGC-823 with IC50 values of 8.33μM. Furthermore, a rapid and selective UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of the principal component and three related substances in the raw material of 25-OCH3-PPD. Multiple reaction monitoring scan mode was used for the quantification of 20(R)-25-OCH3-PPD and its three related substances. The four constituents were separated within 11min on a BEH C18 column (100 mm×2.1mm, 1.7μm) using a mobile phase comprising methanol and 0.03% formic acid water (82:18, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2mL/min. The proposed UPLC-MS/MS method displayed acceptable levels of linearity, precision, repeatability, and accuracy. In addition, the proposed method was successfully applied for the establishment of a rational quality control standard for the raw material of 25-OCH3-PPD. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effektivisering av materialhantering inom hälso- och sjukvård : En fallstudie på Barnonkologen, Uppsala Akademiska sjukhus

OpenAIRE

Forsberg, Marcus; Tådne, Lukas

2016-01-01

Barnonkologen vid Uppsala Akademiska sjukhus är en barnavdelning för blod- och tumörsjukdomar. Avdelningen hanterar dagligen en stor mängd förbrukningsvaror för att kunna utföra en högkvalitativ och säker vård för patienterna. Ett identifierat behov är att effektivisera det nuvarande inventerings- och beställningsförfarandet på avdelningen, samt att organisera förråden efter personalens behov. Denna studie utreder och ger förslag på hur Barnonkologen kan förbättra sin hantering av förbrukning...

Choice of method - evaluation of strategies and systems for disposal of spent nuclear fuel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2010-10-01

This report deals with the question of how the Swedish spent nuclear fuel is to be disposed of. What are the requirements? What are the alternatives? In the main chapter of the report, an evaluation is made of the KBS-3 method compared with other strategies and systems for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel. An appendix to the report presents in general terms how the KBS-3 method has developed from the end of the 1970s up to today. The report is one of a number of supporting documents for SKB's applications for construction and operation of the final repository for spent nuclear fuel. In parallel with and as a basis for the present report, SKB has prepared the reports Principer, strategier och system foer slutligt omhaendertagande av anvaent kaernbraensle ('Principles, strategies and systems for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel') /Grundfelt 2010a/, Jaemfoerelse mellan KBS-3-metoden och deponering i djupa borrhaal foer slutlig foervaring av anvaent kaernbraensle ('Comparison between the KBS-3 method and deposition in deep boreholes for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel') /Grundfelt 2010b/ and Utvecklingen av KBS-3- metoden. Genomgaang av forskningsprogram, saekerhetsanalyser, myndighetsgranskningar samt SKB:s internationella forskningssamarbete ('Development of the KBS-3 method. Review of research programmes, safety assessments, regulatory reviews and SKB's international research cooperation') /SKB 2010a/. The reports are in Swedish, but contain summaries in English. The first report is an update of the comprehensive account of alternative methods presented by SKB in 2000. The second report presents a comparison between the KBS-3 method and the Deep Boreholes concept, plus a status report on research and development in the area of Deep Boreholes. The last report describes how the KBS-3 method has been developed from the end of the 1970s up to today. It further describes how the method has been further developed and refined over the years, but also what the

Choice of method - evaluation of strategies and systems for disposal of spent nuclear fuel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2010-10-15

This report deals with the question of how the Swedish spent nuclear fuel is to be disposed of. What are the requirements? What are the alternatives? In the main chapter of the report, an evaluation is made of the KBS-3 method compared with other strategies and systems for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel. An appendix to the report presents in general terms how the KBS-3 method has developed from the end of the 1970s up to today. The report is one of a number of supporting documents for SKB's applications for construction and operation of the final repository for spent nuclear fuel. In parallel with and as a basis for the present report, SKB has prepared the reports Principer, strategier och system foer slutligt omhaendertagande av anvaent kaernbraensle ('Principles, strategies and systems for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel') /Grundfelt 2010a/, Jaemfoerelse mellan KBS-3-metoden och deponering i djupa borrhaal foer slutlig foervaring av anvaent kaernbraensle ('Comparison between the KBS-3 method and deposition in deep boreholes for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel') /Grundfelt 2010b/ and Utvecklingen av KBS-3- metoden. Genomgaang av forskningsprogram, saekerhetsanalyser, myndighetsgranskningar samt SKB:s internationella forskningssamarbete ('Development of the KBS-3 method. Review of research programmes, safety assessments, regulatory reviews and SKB's international research cooperation') /SKB 2010a/. The reports are in Swedish, but contain summaries in English. The first report is an update of the comprehensive account of alternative methods presented by SKB in 2000. The second report presents a comparison between the KBS-3 method and the Deep Boreholes concept, plus a status report on research and development in the area of Deep Boreholes. The last report describes how the KBS-3 method has been developed from the end of the 1970s up to today. It further describes how the method has been further developed and

Föräldrar och förskolans matematik : En enkätundersökning om föräldrars inställning och uppfattning om matematik på förskolan

OpenAIRE

Elvsén, Johanna

2006-01-01

Enligt Lpfö-98 skall man på förskolan arbeta med att barnen utvecklar sin förmåga att upptäcka och använda matematik i meningsfulla sammanhang. Jag tror att en förutsättning för en lyckad förskoleverksamhet är att man har föräldrarnas stöd och intresse i de aktiviteter som förekommer och har därför genom enkäter undersökt hur föräldrar uppfattar matematik i förskolan, viken inställning de har, samt deras eventuella tankar om utformningen. Detta har jämförts med den aktuella förskolans tankar ...

Slutrapport - utökad samordning av landskapsövervakning och uppföljning av Natura 2000

OpenAIRE

Ståhl, Göran; Gardfjell, Hans; Glimskär, Anders; Hagner, Åsa; Holm, Sören; Walheim, Mats

2007-01-01

I denna kortversion av 2006 års slutrapport från projektet ”utökad samordning av landskaps- övervakning och uppföljning av Natura 2000” redovisas de viktigaste resultaten på ett sätt som gör dem enklare tillgängliga för inriktningsbeslut om ambitionsnivå för uppföljnings- arbetet. Nuvarande målsättning är att Naturamoment införlivas i Nationell Inventering av Landskapet i Sverige (NILS) och Riksinventeringen av Skog (RIS) från och med 2008; under 2009 beräknas kompletteran...

I betraktarens ögon – Betydelsen av kön och ålder för studenters läraromdömen

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin Karlsson

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Under senare år har studenters läraromdömen allt mer hamnat i fokus inom skola såväl som högre utbildning. Parallellt med dessa utvecklingar har olika typer av internettjänster genom vilka studenter kan betygsätta sina lärare dykt upp i flera länder. I Sverige lanserades 2008 tjänsten ”Studenter tycker till” (STT där studenter kan registrera sig och fylla i bedömningar av lärare enligt kriterierna utlärningsförmåga, kunskap, engagemang och lärandestöd. I denna studie undersöks betydelsen av lärarens kön och ålder för studenters läraromdömen genom en kvantitativ analys av omdömen av 98 högskole- och universitetslärare som givits på hemsidan STT. Syftet är att synliggöra hur sociala markörer, i detta fall om läraren är man eller kvinna, ung eller gammal, spelar en stor roll för hur en lärare utvärderas. Resultaten visar att kvinnor och unga lärare systematiskt ges lägre betyg av studenter, än män och äldre lärare. Studenter är således inte könsblinda eller oberoende av föreställningar om förhållandet mellan ålder och kompetens i sina bedömningar. Studien aktualiserar betydelsen av sociala markörer så som kön och ålder måste synliggöras och tas i beaktning när studenters utvärderingar av lärare och kurser behandlas inom högre utbildning.

Motivation : En studie om lärares och elevers syn på motivation i skolan

OpenAIRE

Sundström, Jenny; Wiman, Malin

2009-01-01

I vårt examensarbete undersöker vi olika typer av motivation. Vårt syfte med arbetet var att undersöka lärares syn motivation samt elevers egen motivation i skolan. De frågeställningar vi utgick från var: 1. Vilken typ av motivation har elever i år 4 och år 5? 2. Finns det någon skillnad mellan pojkars och flickors motivation? 3. Vilken typ av motivation strävar lärare efter att elever ska erhålla och använda sig av? 4. Hur ser lärare på intrinsic (inre) motivation, extrinsic (yttre) motivati...

Sjuksköterskor och skötares upplevelser av möten i psykiatrisk öppenvård : En intervjustudie

OpenAIRE

Bäckman, Jenny; Nyman, Nyman

2016-01-01

Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors och skötares upplevelser av möten med patienter i psykiatrisk öppenvård.   Bakgrund – I psykiatrisk öppenvård möter sjuksköterskor och skötare många olika människor med individuella behov. Sedan tidigare forskning har det framkommit att patienters känsla av trygghet uppkommer genom faktorer som personalens inställning och empati. Relationen mellan personal och patient är viktig för patientens känsla av att bli tagen på allvar samt att bli b...

Production and Distribution Planning in District Heating Systems; Produktions- och distributionsplanering av fjaerrvaerme

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kvarnstroem, Johan; Dotzauer, Erik; Dahlquist, Erik

2006-12-15

To produce heat and power is costly. Therefore it is important for the district heating companies to plan and optimize the production. The aim with the present project is to find out how also the distribution of heat can be considered in the planning. The principal procedure is to first construct a prediction of the heat demand, and then, given the demand prediction, construct the production plan. Due to the complexity of the problem, the need for mathematical models is obvious. The report gives a survey introduction to production planning in district heating systems and presents a model for the purpose. The model is developed for one of the district heating systems in Stockholm owned by the energy company Fortum. Traditionally, models for production planning do not consider the distribution network. In such models, usually the methodology Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) is used. The report suggests how the distribution network can be modeled as a MIP; it shall be possible to link the network model to existing software that models the production plants as MIP. The model is developed in the programming language GAMS. Analysis and results are presented. The results show that the suggested plans vary depending on if the distribution network is considered or not. The report also suggests how a simple sensitivity analysis of the production plans can be performed. This is necessary since there are always uncertainties associated with weather- and load predictions.

"Humankind before the flood" : En kvalitativ studie om användningen av retorik i en dokumentärfilm av och med Leonardo DiCaprio

OpenAIRE

Björnberg, Nana; Hansen, Jonna

2018-01-01

Följande studie undersökte Before the Flood, en dokumentärfilm av och med Leonardo DiCaprio, utifrån ett retoriskt perspektiv. Studiens syfte var att undersöka om och i så fall på vilket sätt Leonardo DiCaprio, experter och skaparna bakom dokumentärfilmen använde retoriska strategier för att förstärka Before the Flood’s budskap och verka övertygande inför sin publik. Som metod tillämpade studien kvalitativ textanalys och de tre grundläggande appellformerna, visuell retorik samt argumentation ...

Analys och förslag till förbättringar med avseende på GUI och funktion ur ett användbarhetsperpektiv av programvaran Service Desk Manager

OpenAIRE

Lindström, Håkan

2012-01-01

Företaget Kerfi AB i Norrköping är en leverantör av informationsteknik och har bland annat specialistkompetens inom service management. För detta använder de programvara från företaget CA technologies. CA Service Desk Manager är en så kallad IT Service Management applikation med processer för samordning och styrning av service management. Under inledande diskussioner kom det fram att även om programvaran har varit i bruk under flera år så finns det fortfarande problem med användargränssnittet...

Hållbarhetsredovisning : Identifiering och prioritering av hållbarhetsfrågor i en verksamhet som Sweco Environment

OpenAIRE

Söderström, Anna-Karin

2017-01-01

I en hållbarhetsredovisning redovisar en organisation information om sin påverkan inom ekonomisk, miljömässig och social hållbar utveckling. Några av de inledande stegen i en redovisningsprocess är att identifiera organisationens hållbarhetsfrågor, och att bestämma frågornas prioriteringsordning för att på så sätt kunna bestämma ett väsentligt innehåll till redovisningen. De här stegen av redovisningsprocessen har varit i fokus under arbetet. En identifiering och prioritering av konsultbolage...

Etching Enhancement Followed by Nitridation on Low-k SiOCH Film in Ar/C5F10O Plasma

Science.gov (United States)

Miyawaki, Yudai; Shibata, Emi; Kondo, Yusuke; Takeda, Keigo; Kondo, Hiroki; Ishikawa, Kenji; Okamoto, Hidekazu; Sekine, Makoto; Hori, Masaru

2013-02-01

The etching rates of low-dielectric-constant (low-k), porous SiOCH (p-SiOCH) films were increased by nitrogen-added Ar/C5F10O plasma etching in dual-frequency (60 MHz/2 MHz)-excited parallel plate capacitively coupled plasma. Previously, perfluoropropyl vinyl ether [C5F10O] provided a very high density of CF3+ ions [Nagai et al.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45 (2006) 7100]. Surface nitridation on the p-SiOCH surface exposed to Ar/N2 plasma led to the etching of larger amounts of p-SiOCH in Ar/C5F10O plasma, which depended on the formation of bonds such as =C(sp2)=N(sp2)- and -C(sp)≡N(sp).

Machoideal och/eller meningslös underhållning? : Om fem mäns berättelser kring krigsfilmen Saving Private Ryan med fokus på maskulinitet och publiken som meningsskapare.

OpenAIRE

Olsson, Eva

2005-01-01

Uppsatsen undersöker fem mäns berättelser kring krigsfilmen Saving Private Ryan, med fokus på maskulinitet. Föreställningarna och bilderna kring maskulinitet som kan urskiljas i intervjupersonernas berättelser, knyts till R.W. Connells teoretiska ramverk kring hegemonisk maskulinitet och de hierarkiska relationerna mellan olika maskuliniteter. Vidare resoneras det kring hur berättelserna exemplifierar en syn på mediepublik som aktiva meningsskapare, då intervjupersonerna tar fasta på olika as...

Fantasifull utflykt med skilda perspektiv : En studie om genus, normbrytning och stereotyper i bilderboken Se upp för krokodilen! (2013)

OpenAIRE

Ljungberg, Sofia

2015-01-01

Studien undersöker hur könsroller gestaltas ur ett genusperspektiv i bilderboken Se upp för krokodilen! (Moroni & Eriksson, 2013). Syftet är att få djupare kunskaper om hur dessa skildringar speglar målen i läroplanen för förskolan om att motverka traditionella könsnormer och främja jämställdhet och likabehandling mellan könen. Forskare menar att bilderboken är ett användbart och didaktiskt verktyg för att fånga barns intressen och påverka deras tankegångar. Tidigare forskning (Kåreland, ...

Karlstads universitet - Ut i skogen, vad ska jag dit och göra? : En rapport om skapandet av ett unikt monterkoncept

OpenAIRE

Bergman, Karin; Jernberg, Jonna

2012-01-01

Sammanfattning Mässor förekom som fenomen redan under medeltiden och har allt sedan dess använts som en kanal för försäljning och marknadsföring. Idag tävlar företag och organisationer om mässbesökares uppmärksamhet genom att skapa attraktiva montrar med vinnande koncept som ska locka människor och få dem att lägga företagsnamnet på minnet. Detta är vad Karlstads universitet haft i åtanke då de utformat beskrivningen till detta projekt. Bakgrunden till projektet är att universitetet finns r...

It´s called being fabulous! : Genus och sexualitet i de visuella praktikerna kring Youtube-fenomenet Pewdiepie

OpenAIRE

Abrahamsson, Ola

2013-01-01

Denna uppsats behandlar hur olika föreställningar kring genus och sexualitet tar sig uttryck, dels i de videos som producerar på internet av karaktären Pewdiepie men också i det material som fansen genererar. Studien fokusera på en specifik videohändelse, en sekvens där Pewdiepie ikläder sig en rosa boa och bland annat säger säger ”It’s not called being gay. It’s called being fabulous!” samt vad som görs med denna händelse, hur den remedieras och tas i bruk av fansen. Detta har jag gjort geno...

Gympa på skärmen : En kvalitativ studie om IKT-stöd i undervisning i idrott och hälsa

OpenAIRE

Herco, Adnan

2017-01-01

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka elevernas upplevelser och erfarenheter av IKT-stöd i undervisningen i idrott och hälsa och hur användningen av IKT bidrog till deras lärande. Den metod som användes i studien var kvalitativa intervjuer genom stimulated recall och nio elever från en högstadieskola intervjuades. Eleverna som intervjuades i studien hade deltagit i IKT-stödd undervisning under en tvåårsperiod där en del av lektionerna spelades in på video. Videodokumentationens syf...

Functional characterization of the gene FoOCH1 encoding a putative α-1,6-mannosyltransferase in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Min-Hui; Xie, Xiao-Ling; Lin, Xian-Feng; Shi, Jin-Xiu; Ding, Zhao-Jian; Ling, Jin-Feng; Xi, Ping-Gen; Zhou, Jia-Nuan; Leng, Yueqiang; Zhong, Shaobin; Jiang, Zi-De

2014-04-01

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC) is the causal agent of banana Fusarium wilt and has become one of the most destructive pathogens threatening the banana production worldwide. However, few genes related to morphogenesis and pathogenicity of this fungal pathogen have been functionally characterized. In this study, we identified and characterized the disrupted gene in a T-DNA insertional mutant (L953) of FOC with significantly reduced virulence on banana plants. The gene disrupted by T-DNA insertion in L953 harbors an open reading frame, which encodes a protein with homology to α-1,6-mannosyltransferase (OCH1) in fungi. The deletion mutants (ΔFoOCH1) of the OCH1 orthologue (FoOCH1) in FOC were impaired in fungal growth, exhibited brighter staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Concanavalin A, had less cell wall proteins and secreted more proteins into liquid media than the wild type. Furthermore, the mutation or deletion of FoOCH1 led to loss of ability to penetrate cellophane membrane and decline in hyphal attachment and colonization as well as virulence to the banana host. The mutant phenotypes were fully restored by complementation with the wild type FoOCH1 gene. Our data provide a first evidence for the critical role of FoOCH1 in maintenance of cell wall integrity and virulence of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

MKB and SMB in the Northern countries[Environmental impact assessment; Strategic environmental assessment; Radiactive waste disporal]; MKB och SMB i Norden

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Broden, K. [Studsvik RadWaste AB (Sweden); Andersson, K. [Krinta konsult (Sweden)

2001-12-01

A meeting on Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment has been held in Turku, Finland, August 22-24 2001. It was held within the framework of two NKS projects: SOS-3 (Radioactive waste) and SOS- 1 (Risk assessment and strategies for safety). The meeting included presenta- tions, discussions and a study visit to the final repository for low- and intermedi- ate level radioactive waste and the intermediate storage for spent nuclear fuel at Olkiluoto. Abstract in Danish: Inom ramen for NKS-projekten SOS-3 (Avfall) och SOS-1 (Riskvaardering och strategi for saakerhet) har ett seminarium om miljokonsekvensbeskrivningar och strategisk miljokonsekvensbedomning haallits i Aabo 22-24 augusti, 2001. Seminariet omfattade foredrag, diskussioner samt en studieresa till Olkoluoto daar besok gjordes till mellanlagret for anvaant braansle och till slutforvaret for laag- och medelaktivt avfall. Under forutsaattning att styrelsen for NKS samtycker kommer ett nytt MKB- seminarium att haallas i Osthammar 2002. (au)

Leksaker baserade på teknik sedda ur ett genusperspektiv : En studie om 6-åringars preferenser och användande av könsstereotypa konstruktionsleksaker

OpenAIRE

Bernström, Annelie

2007-01-01

Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med barn i förskoleklass och genom enkätundersökningar hos pedagoger har jag fått svar på mina frågeställningar som handlar om pojkar, flickor och deras leksaksval då det gäller teknikbaserade leksaker. Syftet var att försöka se om det fanns skillnader i valet och användandet av dessa leksaker och i så fall försöka tydliggöra dem, och dessutom ta reda på varför barnen är olika i sina leksakspreferenser. Resultatet påvisar att för barnen i denna förskoleklass är ko...

Natural product ginsenoside 25-OCH3-PPD inhibits breast cancer growth and metastasis through down-regulating MDM2.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Wei; Zhang, Xu; Qin, Jiang-Jiang; Voruganti, Sukesh; Nag, Subhasree Ashok; Wang, Ming-Hai; Wang, Hui; Zhang, Ruiwen

2012-01-01

Although ginseng and related herbs have a long history of utility for various health benefits, their application in cancer therapy and underlying mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Our recent work has shown that 20(S)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3β, 12β, 20-triol (25-OCH(3)-PPD), a newly identified ginsenoside from Panax notoginseng, exerts activities against a variety of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This study was designed to investigate its anti-breast cancer activity and the underlying mechanisms of action. We observed that 25-OCH(3)-PPD decreased the survival of breast cancer cells by induction of apoptosis and G1 phase arrest and inhibited the growth of breast cancer xenografts in vivo. We further demonstrated that, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, 25-OCH(3)-PPD inhibited MDM2 expression at both transcriptional and post-translational levels in human breast cancer cells with various p53 statuses (wild type and mutant). Moreover, 25-OCH(3)-PPD inhibited in vitro cell migration, reduced the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and prevented in vivo metastasis of breast cancer. In summary, 25-OCH(3)-PPD is a potential therapeutic and anti-metastatic agent for human breast cancer through down-regulating MDM2. Further preclinical and clinical development of this agent is warranted.

I nöd och lust : En praktisk studie om hållbara bröllopssminkningar inspirerat av årstidernas färger

OpenAIRE

Guldbrand, Ida

2016-01-01

Syftet med detta arbete är att beskriva med vilka sminktekniker och produkter man får till hållbara bröllopssminkningar inspirerade av årstidernas färger, för att visa hur färger, tekniker och produkter anpassas i bröllopssminkningar. Detta för att visa de egna kunskaperna inom området och för att kunna inspirera blivande brudar. Arbetet kommer även vara till nytta för estenomer, branschmänniskor och andra människor som är intresserade av området då de också kan inspireras av arbetet. So...

Tjernobyl och rennäringen - Lägesrapport från Sverige

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. Åhman

1988-06-01

Full Text Available Status report about Chernobyl and reindeer husbandry in Sweden including participants' discussion.Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: Den 1 juli hojdes grånsvårdet for Cs-137 i bl a renkott från 300 till 1 500 Bq/kg. Efter hojningen av grånsvårdet friklassades nåstan alla samebyar i Norrbottens lån under sarvslakten. Samtliga fjållsamebyar i Norrbottens lån utom den sydligaste år tills vidare helt friklassade. Tre samebyar i sodra delen av Jåmtlands lån var friklassade under sarvslakten. I ovrigt omfattas all renslakt i Våsterbottens och Jåmtlands lån av kontroll betråffande Cs-137. Under juli - aug i år var cesiumhalten lågre ån vid motsvarande tidpunkt i f jol (tabell 1 och figur 1. Under juli - aug slaktades drygt 1 000 renar i skogslandet i sodra delen av Våsterbottens lån (tabell 3. Fr.o.m. andra veckan i juli godkåndes de fiesta slaktkropparna. Halveringstiden for Cs-137 i renarna, som betade i skogslandet kring inlandsbanan i sodra delen av Våsterbottenslån, har beråknats till ca en vecka. Genom tidigarelåggning av sarvslakter i Våsterbottens lån (tabell 3 och norra delen av Jåmtlands lån (tabell 5 minskades kassationen med ett par tusen slaktkroppar. Under senare delen av september steg cesiumhalten till ungefår samma nivå som i f jol. En långsiktig prognos har utarbetats betråffande halten Cs-137 i renar på naturbete. Prognosen visar att omfattande åtgårder kommer att behova vidtagas under de nårmaste 15 - 25 åren om ren-kottet från samebyarna i sodra delen av Våsterbottens lån och norra delen av Jåmtlands lån skall kunna god-kånnas som livsmedel vid ett riktvårde på 1 500 Bq Cs-137/kg kott.

Word of mouth muntligt och via sociala medier : - På vilket sätt påverkar det turisters reseplanering?

OpenAIRE

Hugosson, Jennie; Ahlberg, Madeleine

2017-01-01

Vår studie belyser hur informationsspridning både muntligt och via internet kan påverka turisters reseplaneringsprocess. Studien undersöker vilka känslomässiga attityder individer upplever genom word of mouth och electronic word of mouth och hur vida dessa attityder påverkar valet av ett nytt resmål. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur word of mouth kan påverka turisters val av nya resmål. För att möjliggöra detta har vi genomfört intervjuer med respondenter utifrån förutbestämda kriterie...

Webb Couture : En studie om hur modedesign kan inspirera och förändra webbdesignprocessen för att utmana User Experience standarder

OpenAIRE

Carlfjord, Adam; Gustavsson, Henrik

2015-01-01

Webbdesign är ett hantverk med potential till oändlig variation och oräkneliga möjligheter, men det är även en process styrd av standarder och förhållningssätt för att optimera resultatet för slutanvändaren. Begrepp så som user experience och framför allt user experience design har i och med utvecklingen blivit allt viktigare aktörer inom webbdesign. Samtidigt som de underlättar i utvecklingsprocessen genom att diktera hur design bör utformas, skapar de inte också då begränsningar av potentia...

Vem leder organisationens narrativ? : En jämförelse mella Kvinnojouren Emblas och Rädda Barnens kommunikation på Facebook

OpenAIRE

Pakola Monsen, Rebecca

2013-01-01

Det är inget nytt att undersöka interaktioner på Facebook, dock är det oftast ur privatpersoners synvinkel Facebook undersöks och inte lika ofta ur en organisations synvinkel. Den här studien syftar till att fylla en del av gapet i medie- och kommunikationsforskningen om hur ideella organisationer beter sig på Facebook genom att undersöka den narrativa processen hos två ideella organisationer och hur delaktiga användare är i organisationernas berättelse beroende på organisationens storlek, Kv...

Bör Barnkonventionen bli lag i Sverige? : En komparativrättslig studie om barnets rättigheter i Sverige och Norge.

OpenAIRE

Hedman, Wendela

2014-01-01

Abstrakt ”Bör barnkonventionen bli lag i Sverige? – En komparativrätts-lig studie on barnets rättigheter genom barnkonventionen i Sverige & Norge” Uppsatsen diskuterar med en komparativrättslig metodik implementeringen och inkorporering av barnkonventionen i Sverige och Norge. I tre steg ämnar uppsatsen att undersöka huruvida barnkonventionen bör implementeras till fullo och göras till svensk lag på samma sätt som Norge har valt att göra.Uppsatsen fokuserar på FN:s barnrättkommittés yttra...

Bildskapande i relation till genus i förskolans verksamhet : Att skapa sig själv och genus

OpenAIRE

Brännlund, Angelika

2018-01-01

Studiens syfte är att bidra till ökad medvetenhet för verksamma inom förskolans område kring frågor som rör pedagogers förhållningssätt kring relationen mellan bildskapande och genus, men även hur dessa förhållningssätt kan påverka barnens möjligheter i deras bildskapande. En viktig fråga som burits med från starten av arbetet och som lyser igenom i resultatdelen har varit: Vilka möjligheter att förhålla sig till bildskapande och genus kan uppstå om ett kritiskt sätt att tänka kring könsstere...

Modellering och analys av grundvattenflödet i en byggnads grundläggning

OpenAIRE

Hargelius, Malcolm

2018-01-01

På en fastighet i Luthagen i Uppsala uppfördes en byggnad grundlagd på träpålar år 1936. Under 60-talet uppstod läckage på en spillvattenledning vilket ledde till en kontaminering av sprickvattenakviferen där träpålar är särskilt utsatta för påverkan av bakterie, svamp- och virusangrepp till följd av torrläggning. För att spola bort kontaminerat sprickvatten och för att hålla en jämn sprickvattennivå i akviferen installerades påfyllningsbrunnar på två platser i källaren under huset. Brunnarna...

Lärares yrkesetiska dilemman och den ökande juridifieringen i Sverige

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gunnel Colnerud

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Följande artikel under temat “Etikbølgen i yrkesutdanning og praksis” beskriver och diskuterar etik och juridik i läraryrket med utgångspunkt i det dilemma som lärare själva anser vara ett av de svåraste enligt två svenska empiriska studier – att ingripa mot en kollega som handlar etiskt klandervärt mot elever. Artikeln diskuterar vidare den dygdetiska kritik mot regeletik som förekom vid tillkomsten av de etiska principerna. Vidare pekar den på de problem som följer av att lärarna är föremål för en tilltagande juridifiering. En våg, en bølge, kan beröra endast ytan som en krusning eller vara en djupgående och energirik rörelse. För att använda den aktuella metaforen på mitt studieobjekt skulle jag vilja påstå att diskussionen av lärares yrkesetik och medvetenheten om svenska lärares etiska riktlinjer utvecklades till en våg av endast blygsam storlek. I dagsläget (2014 har den ersatts av en juridisk våg med stor kraft.Nyckelord: etik i läraryrket, etiska dilemman, juridifiering av lärarpraktikenEnglish summary: Teachers’ ethical dilemmas and the juridification of the Swedish schoolIn this article, ethics and law in the teaching profession are described and discussed, starting with the ethical dilemma that teachers point to as the most difficult, according to referred empirical studies – intervention when a colleague acts in an ethically incorrect way towards students. Furthermore the author discusses the critique coming from virtue ethics in relation to ethical principles and shows that even Aristotle suggests ethical principles under certain circumstances. Swedish teachers’ ethical principles had very little time to be achieved before an increasing juridification of teaching took place. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of professional autonomy and professional judgement.http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/eip.v8i2.1856

"Vi är inte en tummelplats för dårar" : Hur journalister och ansvariga utgivare resonerar kring och förhåller sig till användargenererat material i lokaltidningar

OpenAIRE

Öberg, Therese; Borgström, Johanna

2010-01-01

Sedan 1700-talet har läsarnas medverkan varit en väsentlig del i tidningarnas produktion. Utan deras deltagande har det inte heller blivit någon tidning. En förändring på området skedde när professionaliseringen av publicistrollen blev ett faktum och läsarnas medverkan ifrågasattes. Samhällsförändringar och tekniska utvecklingar har sedan lett fram till det vi har idag: ett samhälle där medieorganisationerna är i allt större behov av att läsarna återigen deltar i olika former. Syftet med stud...

Face to Face : Marknadsföring på Facebook - en studie av åsikter från ett inifrån- och utifrånperspektiv.

OpenAIRE

Christensson, Annika; Hedborn, Jenny; Källberg, Hanna

2008-01-01

Sociala nätverk, eller så kallade communityn är ett fenomen som fått större betydelse idag och snabbt spridit sig runt om i världen. Communityn Facebook har blivit känd för att den samlar många användare och har en god målgruppskännedom, vilket gör Facebook till en attraktiv marknadsföringsplats som har uppmärksammats av en rad olika företag och organisationer. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vilka möjligheter och begränsningar Facebook har som marknadsföringskanal, samt undersöka s...

Finansiell Bootstrapping i SME : en kvantitativ studie om hur ett starkt socialt och affärsmässigt nätverk påverkar valet av bootstrappingmetoder

OpenAIRE

Nilsson, Ida; Sacic, Zehra

2016-01-01

Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är se hur ett starkt socialt och affärsmässigt nätverk påverkar valet av bootstrappingmetoder i små och medelstora företag (SME). Detta eftersom SME står för 99,9 procent av samtliga företag på den svenska marknaden och därmed är betydelsefulla för landets ekonomiska tillväxt och sysselsättning. Däremot möter SME svårigheter vid extern finansiering av sin verksamhet. SME kompenserar detta genom att engagera sig i olika ”bootstrappingaktiviteter”. Bootstrapping...

Expansion av e-handelsverksamhet i detaljhandeln : En studie om utmaningar och framgångsfaktorer

OpenAIRE

Steen Lagerstam, Nathalie

2016-01-01

I vårt allt mer digitaliserade samhälle har internet fått en central roll, och har förändrat många aspekter i vårt vardagsliv. Ett av de områden som påverkats starkt av denna utveckling, är den svenska detaljhandelns e-handelsmarknad. De senaste 10 åren har dess omsättning sexdubblats, och prognoser tyder på att denna expansiva trend kommer att hålla i sig. Detta innebär helt nya förutsättningar för de svenska detaljhandelsföretag som tidigare bara bedrivit försäljning i fysiska butiker, elle...

Solcellsparkeringen : En jämförande fallstudie för elbilar och bensinbilar

OpenAIRE

Myrén Andersson, Isac; Yttermyr-Sütt, Frans

2017-01-01

Av Sveriges totala växthusgasutsläpp är det i nuläget transportsektorn som står för den största andelen och står för mer än 30 % av alla utsläpp. Med ett ökande fordonsbestånd och ett fortsatt behov av transporter blir lösningar som minskar utsläppen från denna sektor avgörande för Sveriges hållbara utveckling. Eftersom 93 % av Sveriges drygt 4,7 miljoner personbilar drivs av fossila bränslen skulle investeringar i alternativa färdmedel såsom elbilar kunna leda Sverige i rätt riktning. Förfat...

Låt inte gästen få sista ordet. : En kvalitativ studie om hur tjänsteföretag inom besöksnäringen arbetar och skulle kunna arbeta med Sociala medier, WOM och eWOM

OpenAIRE

Braunander, Joacim; Olofsson, Fredrik

2015-01-01

Internet har utvecklats snabbt de senaste åren och med utvecklingen har sociala medier blivit en stor del av Internet. Sociala medier innebär all form av kommunikation som sker på Internet så som exempelvis Tripadvisor, Facebook, Twitter, Booking.com eller Instagram. Konsumenter som väljer att kommentera upplevelser och produkter på sociala medier ökar. Enligt forskning så litar framtida konsumenter mer på andra konsumenters kommentarer än vad de litar på företagets marknadsföring över deras ...

Hydrologi i Ulleråker : En studie om dagvattenhantering och dess inverkan på grundvatten

OpenAIRE

Dahlquist, Josefin; Larsson, Martin; Rickfält, Tea

2017-01-01

Vattenbehovet stiger i världen till följd av ökande befolkning. Med ökad urbaniseringskapas mer hårdgjorda ytor där föreningar ackumuleras. Dagvattnet transporterar dessa föroreningar som således kan nå grundvattnet. Ett miljömål har antagits i Sverigeför att skydda grundvattentäkter och därmed säkra framtida dricksvattenförsörjning. Rullstensåsar innehåller stora grundvattenmagasin och har hög infiltrationsförmåga för vatten från markytan. Uppsala kommun tar 95 % av sitt dricksvatten från ru...

Multifaktormodeller på den svenska marknaden - En studie av OMX Stockholm mellan 1996 och 2014

OpenAIRE

Hammarfrid, Peter; Henningsson, Tom

2015-01-01

Bakgrund:CAPM räcker i flera tillfällen inte till för att estimera framtida avkastning. Vissa av prisavvikelsernafrån CAPM är väldokumenterade och har bestått över tid, vilket har lett till uppkomsten avkorrigerande faktorer. En modell som använder sig av två sådana korrigerande faktorer är Fama ochFrenchs tre-faktormodell. Den har testats flertalet gånger på den svenska marknaden där den visat gehögre förklaringsgrader än CAPM. År 2012 samt år 2014 presenterades två nya multifaktormodeller,s...

Våga vara dig själv : Att förstå och skapa en illusion av ljus med digitala medier

OpenAIRE

Persson, Jasmin; Lundbladh, Mia

2015-01-01

Vi omges ständigt av ljus i vår vardag, det finns naturligt ljus samt artificiellt. Även under de grå dagarna finns det ljus och dess närvaro är alltid där även om den inte alltid är som klarast. I detta kandidatarbete beskrivs ljuset ur olika synvinklar, men framförallt hur Rembrandt och impressionisterna i sina konstverk använt ljuset i sitt skapande. För att få en bredare syn på vår process tar vi hjälp av de två begreppen “fluid” och “fire” som kommer från aktör-nätver...

Employer branding på Q-Med : En fallstudie i hur företagsspecifika värden förmedlas till potentiella och befintliga medarbetare

OpenAIRE

Nilsson, Stina; Ljungmark, Erik

2011-01-01

Sammanfattning "Employer branding på Q-Med – En fallstudie i hur företagsspecifika värden förmedlas till potentiella och befintliga medarbetare" Datum: 19 januari, 2011 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 ECTS Institution: Akademin för hållbar samhälls‐ och teknikutveckling, HST, Mälardalens Högskola Författare: Erik Ljungmark 29 januari 1980, Stina Nilsson 25 april 1983 Titel: Employer branding på Q-Med – En fallstudie i hur företagsspecifika värden förmedlas till potentiella och...

Feminismens skilda erfarenheter : Problematiken att kombinera islam och feminism för muslimska kvinnor i Sverige

OpenAIRE

Malmberg, Erik

2016-01-01

Till följd av att en muslimsk kvinna misshandlades i en förort till Stockholm på grund av att hon bar slöja, genomfördes den politiska manifestationen Hijabuppropet. Denna manifestation resulterade i att kvinnor uppmanades att beslöja sig i syfte att visa solidaritet för den misshandlade kvinnan, och muslimska kvinnor som en marginaliserad samhällsgrupp. Agerandet möttes med en stark kritik från bland annat den svenska kvinnorörelsen som menade att slöjan är anti-feministisk och representerar...

Reduktion av slöseri inom den spanska ölindustrin : – en studie av åtgärder och metoder i spåren av krisen

OpenAIRE

Carlström, Carl

2014-01-01

Den rådande eurokrisen har påverkat det spanska samhället och den spanska ölindustrin negativt. Industrin står inför utmaningar vad gäller minskad försäljning och förändrade kundpreferenser. I tider då intäkterna och försäljningen minskar finns det många sätt att öka sina marginaler. Ett av detta sätt är att börja arbeta med resurseffektivitet och att se till att slöseriet av de resurser man har minskar. De frågor studien besvarar är hur bryggeriindustrin i Spanien har arbetat för att minska ...

She’s the Boss – HR och kvinnligt chefskap : Hur Human Resources kan arbeta för att främja kvinnorschefskarriärer

OpenAIRE

Linderfyhr, Jessica; Malm, Mikaela

2017-01-01

Enligt undersökningar som chefsorganisationen Ledarna publicerar årligen finns det en återkommande problematik med att rekrytera unga kvinnor till chefspositioner. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka vad som kan inverka på kvinnors vilja att söka en chefstjänst och att utforma en HR strategi som främjar och motiverar kvinnor att söka chefstjänster. Unga kvinnor kan känna tvekan inför chefskap på grund av känslan av bristande erfarenhet och svårighet med att identifiera sig med den ster...

Det gränslösa arbetslivets genomtränglighet i Spotify-rekryterarnas sfärer : hur flexibilitet och tillgänglighet påverkar work-life balance

OpenAIRE

Andersson, Emelie; Hallgren, Malin

2016-01-01

Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med en förståelse för hur rekryterare upplever och hanterar flexibilitet, tillgänglighet och work-life balance i en multinationell och expanderande organisation präglad av det gränslösa arbetslivet. Denna förståelse är betydelsefull då det gränslösa arbetslivet innebär ett stort eget ansvar för individen, vilket skapar en utmaning för individen själv att måna om sin work-life balance och upprätthållandet av ett långsiktigt välmående. För att uppfylla studi...

Livsbalans i det nya arbetslivet : En kvantitativ studie om chefer och övriga anställda

OpenAIRE

Eltell, Maria; Nordin, Matilda

2014-01-01

Syfte: Det nya arbetslivet har inneburit en rad förändringar för den lönearbetande populationen i Sverige, gällande allt ifrån tid, rum och tillgänglighet i de alltmer flexibla arbetsvillkoren. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka ett antal faktorer i det nya arbetslivet som kan ha inverkan på den lönearbetande populationens livsbalans. Studien undersöker också om det finns skillnader mellan chefers och övriga anställdas livsbalans samt även om chefens nivå i hierarkin påverkar liv...

Water and steam sampling systems; Provtagningssystem foer vatten och aanga

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hellman, Mats

2009-10-15

The supervision of cycle chemistry can be divided into two parts, the sampling system and the chemical analysis. In modern steam generating plants most of the chemical analyses are carried out on-line. The detection limits of these analyzers are pushed downward to the ppt-range (parts per trillion), however the analyses are not more correct than the accuracy of the sampling system. A lot of attention has been put to the analyzers and the statistics to interpret the results but the sampling procedures has gained much less attention. This report aims to give guidance of the considerations to be made regarding sampling systems. Sampling is necessary since most analysis of interesting parameters cannot be carried out in- situ on-line in the steam cycle. Today's on-line instruments for pH, conductivity, silica etc. are designed to meet a water sample at a temperature of 10-30 deg C. This means that the sampling system has to extract a representative sample from the process, transport and cool it down to room temperature without changing the characteristics of the fluid. In the literature research work, standards and other reports can be found. Although giving similar recommendations in most aspects there are some discrepancies that may be confusing. This report covers all parts in the sampling system: Sample points and nozzles; Sample lines; Valves, regulating and on-off; Sample coolers; Temperature, pressure and flow rate control; Cooling water; and Water recovery. On-line analyzers connecting to the sampling system are not covered. This report aims to clarify what guidelines are most appropriate amongst the existing ones. The report should also give guidance to the design of the sampling system in order to achieve representative samples. In addition to this the report gives an overview of the fluid mechanics involved in sampling. The target group of this report is owners and operators of steam generators, vendors of power plant equipment, consultants working in Sweden that come in contact or are involved in cycle chemistry

Landbaserade godstransporter, klimat och styrmedel : underlagsrapporter 1-10

OpenAIRE

Carlén, Björn; Hultkrantz, Lars; Liu, Xing; Lunander, Anders; Mandell, Svante; Mellin, Anna; Nilsson, Jan-Eric; Pyddoke, Roger; Sorkina, Edith; Vierth, Inge

2014-01-01

VTI notat 28-2014 innehåller de tio underlagsrapporter som ligger till grund för VTI rapport 831: ”Landbaserade godstransporter, klimat och styrmedel – Sammanfattande rapport”. I VTI rapport 831 diskuterar forskarna flera dimensioner av hur växthusgaserna från godstransportsektorn ska kunna minskas, till exempel med hjälp av så kallade Gröna korridorer. Vidare diskuteras hur man ska se på de klimatpolitiska konsekvenserna av överflyttning från väg till järnväg eller elektrifierade fordon på v...

Importprocessen för inrednings- och gåvoartiklar från USA till Finland : En handbok för företagaren

OpenAIRE

Smeds, Desiré; Backlund, Johanna

2016-01-01

Det här examensarbetet handlar om import från USA med fokus på inrednings- och gåvoartiklar. I arbetet lyfter vi steg för steg fram de delar som utgör importprocessen hela vägen från hur man hittar en pålitlig leverantör till förtullningen av produkterna här i Finland. Syftet med arbetet är att det skall kunna fungera som en handbok för företag som vill starta en småskalig importverksamhet av inrednings- och gåvoartiklar. Vi tar även upp information om import och internationell handel i a...

Att arbeta i restaurangbranschen : En kvalitativ studie om arbetstagares upplevelser av psykosocial arbetsmiljö och stress

OpenAIRE

Sauer, Emma

2016-01-01

En utgångspunkt för arbetslivet bör vara att skapa en arbetsmiljö som ger individer förutsättningar att ingå, kvarstå och utvecklas i arbetet. Arbetsmiljön är betydande för både individers hälsa och verksamheters utveckling samt förutsättningar för tillväxt. Arbetsplatsen betonas därmed vara en betydande arena för förebyggande insatser. Det är arbetsgivaren som har huvudsakligt ansvar för arbetsmiljön. Ingen arbetstagare ska riskera att skadas eller drabbas av ohälsa i arbetet. Syftet med stu...

Riskuppfattningar om preventivmedel för män och kvinnor : altruism, riskbenägenhet och traditionella könsroller

OpenAIRE

Nilsson Gauffin, Rebecka

2017-01-01

Preventivmedel för kvinnor innefattar en betydande andel biverkningar. Hittills har män inte upplevt några allvarliga biverkningar av de testade preventivmedlen för män, trots detta är det biverkningarna som stoppat preventivmedel för män från att lanseras på marknaden. I denna studie argumenteras för att en möjlig förklaring till detta ligger i skilda riskuppfattningar om preventivmedel för män och kvinnor. Studien undersöker riskuppfattningar om preventivmedel samt hur individers egenskaper...

Interkulturell kommunikation i en kinesisk kontext : En undersökning av svenska och kinesiska företagsrepresentanters upplevelser av det interkulturella mötet. Ett teoretiskt perspektiv på en praktisk utmaning.

OpenAIRE

Hjalmarsson, Ida

2010-01-01

Jag har genom en förberedande fältstudie, litteraturgenomgång och enkätintervjuer undersökt svenska och kinesiska företagsrepresentanters upplevelser av det interkulturella mötet, med utgångspunkt i svenska företag som opererar på den kinesiska marknaden. Det var uppsatsens syfte och jag har utgått ifrån frågeställningen: Hur upplever svenska och kinesiska företagsrepresentanter det interkulturella mötet? Subfrågor till denna är: Vilka kulturella faktorer skapar det kinesiska sättet att kommu...

Vem vill betala för musik? : En studie om populariteten av digitala musiktjänster och illegal fildelning bland Generation Y i en svenskspråkig yrkeshögskola

OpenAIRE

Hjort, Ted

2011-01-01

Generation Y skiljer sig mycket från tidigare generationer enligt många forskare och inte minst då när det gäller konsumtionsbeteende och värderingar. Till Generation Y tillhör de personer som är födda från åttiotalets början till mitten av nittiotalet. Under de senaste tio åren har sättet vi konsumerar musik ändrat mycket drastiskt. Genom internet och digitaliseringen av musiken har de flesta och inte minst Generation Y gått över från att köpa Cd-skivor i butiken till att ladda ner, båd...

Ginsenoside 25-OCH3-PPD promotes activity of LXRs to ameliorate P2X7R-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of hepatic fibrosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Xin; Song, Jian; Lian, Li-Hua; Yao, You-Li; Shao, Dan-Yang; Fan, Ying; Hou, Li-Shuang; Wang, Ge; Zheng, Shuang; Wu, Yan-Ling; Nan, Ji-Xing

2018-06-22

Ginseng is widely used in energy drinks, dietary supplements and herbal medicines, and its pharmacological actions are related with energy metabolism. As an important modulating energy metabolism pathway, liver X receptors (LXRs) can promote the resolving of hepatic fibrosis and inflammation. The present study aims to evaluate the regulation of 25-OCH3-PPD, a ginsenoside isolated from Panax ginseng, against hepatic fibrosis and inflammation in thioacetamide (TAA)-stimulated mice by activating LXRs pathway. 25-OCH3-PPD decreases serum ALT/AST levels and improves the histological pathology of liver in TAA-induced mice; attenuates transcripts of pro-fibrogenic markers associated with hepatic stellate cell activation; attenuates the levels of pro-Inflammatory cytokines and blocks apoptosis happened in liver; inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome by affecting P2X7R activation; regulates PI3K/Akt and LKB1/AMPK-SIRT1. 25-OCH3-PPD also facilitates LX25Rs and FXR activities decreased by TAA stimulation. 25-OCH3-PPD also decreases α-SMA via regulation of LXRs and P2X7R-NLRP3 in vitro. Our data suggest the possibility that 25-OCH3-PPD promotes activity of LXRs to ameliorate P2X7R-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of hepatic fibrosis.

Sambandet mellan Theory of Mind, språkliga förmågor och exekutiva funktioner hos barn i treårsåldern

OpenAIRE

Nilsson, Anna; Sirén, Ellen

2015-01-01

Barns fem första levnadsår präglas av en omfattande utveckling av språkliga förmågor och exekutiva funktioner, vilka är färdigheter som visat sig ha en stor påverkan på hur barn utvecklar förståelse för sina egna och andras tankar, det vill säga deras Theory of Mind. En central aspekt inom forskning har varit att undersöka hur förmågorna samvarierar vid olika åldrar. Syftet i föreliggande studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan Theory of Mind, språkliga förmågor och exekutiva funktioner hos...

Låt medborgarna skapa staden : Om tactical urbanism och idéburen stadsförbättring samt medborgarnas rätt till staden

OpenAIRE

Bretz, Martin

2015-01-01

I skapandet av staden har människan möjlighet att göra om sig själv och förverkliga sitt hjärtas önskan. Hur och för vem staden ska utformas för är troligtvis en diskussion vilken kommer att finnas lika länge som staden i sig. Genom historien har privat ägande och andra samhälleliga former av dominans kontrollerat dess rum, vilket ofta resulterat i olika former av proteströrelser.   Tactical urbanism har i flertalet städer världen över blivit en populär metod för att förbättra livskvaliteten ...

Från tonåring till toppbloggare : En kvalitativ fallstudie om självpresentation och det personliga varumärket kommunicerat genom en blogg

OpenAIRE

Laricchia, Daniela

2016-01-01

Sammanfattning Detta är en fallstudie över en Sveriges mest välkända och framgångsrika bloggar – www.kenzas.se, driven av Kenza Zouiten. Syftet med studien var att ta reda på hur man via självpresentation genom en blogg kan bygga upp och skapa sig ett starkt personligt varumärke. De frågeställningar studien utgick ifrån var hur Kenza Zouiten väljer att framställa sig själv som person i skriven text och i bilder, samt huruvida det finns några skillnader i hur hon väljer att framställa sig själ...

En undersökning av Norwegians kriskommunikation under flygstrejken 2015. : En textanalys av Facebookinlägg och pressmeddelanden.

OpenAIRE

Emma, Mickelsson

2016-01-01

Numera lever vi i ett krissamhälle där vi nästan varje dag nås av budskap från olika typer av kriser. När en organisation drabbas av en kris är det viktigt att tänka på vilken kommunikation man använder för att nå ut med sitt budskap. Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka hur en organisation använder sig av olika försvarsstrategier och retoriska appeller i sin kriskommunikation. Organisationen som valdes ut var flygbolaget Norwegian och deras hantering av den 11 dagar långa flygs...

Ripsteg mot spetskunskap i samisk matematik:lärares perspektiv på transformeringsaktiviteter i samisk förskola och sameskola

OpenAIRE

Jannok-Nutti, Ylva

2010-01-01

Syftet med föreliggande avhandling är att utifrån lärarperspektiv beskriva, analysera och försöka förstå transformering av utbildning i matematik så att ett samiskt perspektiv blir utgångspunkt för utbildningen. Avhandlingen genomfördes såsom ett aktionsforskningsprojekt med fokus på lärares perspektiv avseende transformering och genomförande av transformeringsaktiviteter i matematik. Teoretiska utgångspunkter togs utifrån Smiths teori om urfolksperspektiv, Banks teori för integrering av mult...

Att lära sig se trådraken – om tvekan och fokusförskjutning på väg mot förändrat kunnande

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marléne Johansson

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Utgångspunkten i denna artikel är empiriskt förankrade exempel från textilslöjdspraktiker i den svenska skolan; grundskolans slöjdundervisning årskurs 8 och ett specialutformat program inom gymnasieskolan med textil inriktning i årskurserna 1 och 3. Artikelns videoutdrag handlar alla om principiellt samma handling – trådrak mönsterutläggning på tyg – men, dels finns det två olika inramningar (grundskolan och gymnasieskolan, och dels exemplifierar de olika skeden av kunnande. Syftet är att beskriva skillnader i kunnande och vad som framstår som svårt för elever med liten eller ingen erfarenhet av att lägga ut mönster på ett tyg inför tillklippning och hur kunnandet förändras med ökande erfarenhet, liksom vilka nya svårigheter som följer med att elever arbetar med mönster av ökande komplexitet. Det som vid en första blick kan framstå som samma handling utvecklas över tid från något som framstår som enkel handling till att utvecklas i komplexitet. I de tvekan-situationer som beskriv finns potential för ett förändrat deltagande, där förändringen idealt är ett mer kompetent deltagande där ingen tvekan förekommer. Med ökad förtrogenhet kan uppmärksamheten förflyttas till något annat. Det vi är förtrogna med blir till rutiner och därmed behövs det en avvikelse för att fånga uppmärksamheten. I avvikelsen ligger möjligheterna till fortsatt lärande. Artikelns empiriska exempel synliggör dessa skillnader i kunnande som annars oreflekterat kan uppfattas som lika. Eleverna bygger in kunskap i sina handlingar, fokus flyttar från att inte veta vad man tittar på till självklarheten i handlingen. Eleverna lär sig se och urskilja.

Arbetet med arbetsgivarvarumärkets attraktivitet : En kvalitativ intervjustudie i tre företag om hur arbetet med "Employer branding" ser ut och implementeras i företag.

OpenAIRE

Drugge, Marie; Bernelind, Diana

2013-01-01

Arbetet med att stärka ett arbetsgivarvarumärkes attraktivitet, både internt och externt, det alltmer välbekanta begreppet “Employer branding”, är ett vanligt förekommande koncept i dagens organisationer. Syftet med studien är att försöka ta reda på vad fenomenet “Employer branding” är och hur organisationer kan bedriva arbetet med att göra sitt arbetsgivarvarumärket attraktiv på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Tieto, COWI och Klarna AB är de företag som deltar i studien. Begreppen legitimitet o...

Vad behöver eleverna undervisning i för att utveckla sitt skrivande? Förväntningsnormer och didaktiska beslut i svensklärares bedömningssamtal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Per Blomqvist

2016-04-01

Full Text Available I studien samtalar tre lärargrupper om elevers skrivande och skrivundervisning i ämnet svenska på gymnasiet. Det teoretiska perspektiv som läggs på dessa samtal är didaktiskt och inriktas på hur lärare formulerar och använder bedömningsinformation om elevers skrivande för beslut om skrivundervisningens innehåll. Resultatet visar att lärares bedömningar av elevers skrivande behandlar fler och delvis andra aspekter av skrivförmåga än vad deras didaktiska beslut sedan omfattar. De kvalitetsuppfattningar och förväntningsnormer som lärarna uttrycker i sina bedömningar av elevers skrivande inriktas huvudsakligen på texters kommunikativa kvaliteter, den stilistiska utformningen och textuppbyggnaden, följt av ämnesinnehåll och källanvändning. De didaktiska beslut som fattas utifrån bedömningen av elevers texter inriktas däremot i stort sett enbart på att eleverna behöver skrivundervisning i att disponera text och att använda källor. Detta gör att överensstämmelsen är låg mellan lärarnas beslut om skrivundervisningens inriktning och deras förväntningar på vad eleverna ska kunna. De didaktiska besluten omfattar i begränsad utsträckning den bedömningsinformation som lärarna själva har formulerat.Nyckelord: Skrivbedömning, kvalitetsuppfattningar, förväntningsnormer, didaktiska beslut, formativ bedömning, svenskämnets didaktik, svenska på gymnasietAbstractThis article presents an analysis of teacher group discussions about students’ writing in the subject of Swedish in upper secondary school. The study adopts a pedagogical perspective on these discussions and focuses on examining teachers’ expressed assessment criteria and relating them to their pedagogical decision-making. The results reveal that the teachers’ assessments of students’ writing focus on much more, and partly other, criteria than their pedagogical decisions. The quality standards that teachers express in the discussions about

Pressure Separators for District Cooling; Tryckvaexlare foer fjaerrkyla - Teknik och funktion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gustafson, Bror-Arne [Fludex AB, Goeteborg (SE)] [and others

2003-07-01

About 10 pressure separators run today in commercial operation in district heating networks. Undoubtedly, the pressure separator has become a new tool for more efficient operation of district heating systems. The pressure separator makes it possible to keep different parts of the pipe network at different pressure levels without the unavoidable temperature losses of heat exchangers. The objectives of this project are to find the answers of two questions. The first question is: Will the pressure separator function in district cooling systems if it is designed in the same way as for district heating? The only difference should then be the temperatures of operation. The second question is: Is there a modified design that will perform better in district cooling systems? To find the answers of the two questions, a test rig was built in Rosenlund Power Station in Goeteborg. Also computer simulations were carried out to clarify actual phenomena. The answer to the first question is: Yes/no. Measurements show that the original design of the pressure separator can be made working at temperatures of operation typical for district cooling. It will, however, be very sensitive and is not recommended for practical applications. The answer to the second question is: Yes, there is. This makes the details of the original design less interesting. The modified design is characterized by 'Differential pressure control' instead of temperature layer control'. This means a working principle that is completely independent of operational temperatures. The TVX-tank is replaced by a 'short cut' with a spring loaded checkvalve. One of the control valves creates a differential pressure that is too low to open the check valve but high enough to keep the next checkvalve in the next short cut closed. Measurements and computer simulations show that the pressure separator in the modified design works very well in district cooling applications. The temperature losses of heat exchangers are eliminated and the safety level retained. Thrilling possibilities to save electricity exist in some cases. Most cost effective is the pressure separator if the larger areas with several customers have their pressure level adjusted in one and the same pressure separator. The disadvantage of the pressure separator is mainly that it requires a far-sighted planning of the head diagram of the entire district cooling network.

Antitumor activity of ginseng sapogenins, 25-OH-PPD and 25-OCH3-PPD, on gastric cancer cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Chen; Su, Guangyue; Wang, Xude; Zhang, Xiaoshu; Guo, Shuang; Zhao, Yuqing

2016-01-01

25-Hydroxyprotopanaxadiol (25-OH-PPD) and 25-methoxylprotopanaxadiol (25-OCH3-PPD), two ginseng sapogenins, have potent antitumor activity and their effects on gastric cancer (BGC-823, SGC-7901, MKN-28) cells and a gastric mucosa (GES-1) cell line are reported. Both compounds significantly inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells, while having lesser inhibitory effects on GES-1 cells by MTT assay. A mechanistic study revealed that the two ginseng sapogenins could induce apoptosis in BGC-823 cells by morphological observation, DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Besides, the apoptosis was inhibited by Ac-DEVD-CHO, a caspase 3 inhibitor, which was confirmed by cell viability analysis. These results indicate that 25-OH-PPD and 25-OCH3-PPD have potential to be promising agents for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Dömda att leva i skuggan : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om hälsan hos personer med albinism i Rwanda, utifrån begreppen diskriminering, coping och socialt stöd

OpenAIRE

Niyonkuru, Elsie Diane

2016-01-01

Bakgrund: Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) är en ärftlig sjukdom som fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt påverkar de drabbade individerna. Okunskap, fördomar och myter om albinism utgör de största orsakerna till den diskriminering som personer med albinism utsatts för särskilt i vissa länder i Afrika söder om Sahara. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva hälsan hos personer med albinism i Rwanda, utifrån begreppen diskriminering, coping och socialt stöd. Metod: En kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats ligger t...

Den inre och yttre självkänslans betydelse för tendensen att bruka self-handicapping

OpenAIRE

Ottosson, Olivia

2008-01-01

Självkänsla är något vi ständigt bär med oss och den inverkar på vårt agerande samt våra val i livet. Johnson (2003) delar in självkänslan i två delar den inre och yttre, vilka kan kombineras till fyra personligheter. Forskning har visat att självkänslan samvarierar med tendensen till att bruka self-handicapping. Self-handicapping innebär att människan skapar hinder för sig själv påhittade eller verkliga. Etthundrasju studenter fyllde i en enkät bestående av 58 påståenden, vilken mätte inre, ...

Isolation, structural determination, and evaluation of the biological activity of 20(S)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3beta, 12beta, 20-triol [20(S)-25-OCH3-PPD], a novel natural product from Panax notoginseng.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Y; Wang, W; Han, L; Rayburn, E R; Hill, D L; Wang, H; Zhang, R

2007-01-01

Ginseng has been used extensively for medicinal purposes, with suggested utility for indications as diverse as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Herein we report the discovery and characterization of 20(S)-25-OCH3-PPD, a ginsenoside that inhibits growth and survival of cancer cells. The novel dammarane triterpene sapogenin (C31H56O4; molecular weight 492) was isolated from the total hydrolyzed saponins extracted from the leaves of Panax notoginseng using conventional and reverse-phase silica gel chromatography. Based on physicochemical characteristics and NMR data, the compound was identified as 20(S)-25-OCH3-PPD. The biological activities of 20(S)-25-OCH3-PPD and its known analogs, 20(S)-PPD and Rg3, were evaluated in 12 human cancer cell lines. In all cell lines, the order of cytotoxicity of the test compounds was 20(S)-25-OCH3-PPD > 20(S)-PPD > Rg3. 20(S)-25-OCH3-PPD also induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, and inhibited proliferation in breast cancer cell lines, demonstrating its potent biological effects. In regard to cytotoxicity, the IC50 values of 20(S)-25-OCH3-PPD for most cell lines were in the lower microM range, a 5-15-fold greater cytotoxicity relative to 20(S)-PPD and a 10-100-fold increase over Rg3. These findings suggest a structure-activity relationship among dammarane-type sapogenins. The data presented here may provide a basis for the future development of 20(S)-25-OCH3-PPD as a novel anti-cancer agent.

Nærbilleder og modfortællinger

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tanderup, Sara

2014-01-01

Recently, several literary works have appeared which use formal experiments and intermedial strategies to thematize memory and history. Authors such as Alexander Kluge, W.G. Sebald, Daniel Mendelsohn, Monica Maron, Jonathan Safran Foer, Don DeLillo and Aleksandar Hemon include other, primarily...... visual, media such as film, photographs and drawings, in their works while dealing with historical events like the Holocaust or the 9/11 terror attack. My article discusses this tendency, analyzing works by Kluge, Sebald and Foer. They all work with photographs in their texts. I trace the differences...

Disproportionation and thermochemical sulfate reduction reactions in S-H20-Ch4 and S-D2O-CH4 systems from 200 to 340 °C at elevated pressures

Science.gov (United States)

Yuan, Shunda; Chou, I-Ming; Burruss, Robert A.

2013-01-01

Elemental sulfur, as a transient intermediate compound, by-product, or catalyst, plays significant roles in thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reactions. However, the mechanisms of the reactions in S-H2O-hydrocarbons systems are not clear. To improve our understanding of reaction mechanisms, we conducted a series of experiments between 200 and 340 °C for S-H2O-CH4, S-D2O-CH4, and S-CH4-1m ZnBr2 systems in fused silica capillary capsules (FSCC). After a heating period ranging from 24 to 2160 hours (hrs), the quenched samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Combined with the in situ Raman spectra collected at high temperatures and pressures in the S-H2O and S-H2O-CH4 systems, our results showed that (1) the disproportionation of sulfur in the S-H2O-CH4 system occurred at temperatures above 200 °C and produced H2S, SO42-, and possibly trace amount of HSO4-; (2) sulfate (and bisulfate), in the presence of sulfur, can be reduced by methane between 250 and 340 °C to produce CO2 and H2S, and these TSR temperatures are much closer to those of the natural system (2O-CH4 system may take place simultaneously, with TSR being favored at higher temperatures; and (4) in the system S-D2O-CH4, both TSR and the competitive disproportionation reactions occurred simultaneously at temperatures above 300 °C, but these reactions were very slow at lower temperatures. Our observation of methane reaction at 250 °C in a laboratory time scale suggests that, in a geologic time scale, methane may be destroyed by TSR reactions at temperatures > 200 °C that can be reached by deep drilling for hydrocarbon resources.

Är vi överens om det? Samspel och samstämmighet i svensklärares bedömningssamtal om gymnasieelevers skrivande

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Per Blomqvist

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Artikeln beskriver svensklärares interaktion och samstämmighet i samtal om summativ bedömning av gymnasieelevers skrivande. I ett dialogiskt perspektiv (Linell, 2011 undersöks interaktionella mönster avseende dominans, dynamik och koherens i tre svensklärargruppers bedömningssamtal. Dessa interaktionella mönster ställs i relation till uttryck för samstämmighet inom och mellan lärargrupperna. Resultatet visar att lärarna uttrycker hög grad av samstämmighet i bedömningssamtalen men att de bedömningar som lärarna gör enskilt i anslutning till samtalen enbart till viss del överensstämmer med gruppens beslut. Lägst grad av samstämmighet uppvisar den lärargrupp som i samtalen framstod som mest samstämmig. Där kännetecknas beslutsprocesserna av låg intensitet genom att få alternativ till bedömningar prövas. I de lärargrupper där intensiteten är högre genom att flera lärare styr samtalet i olika riktningar och där lärarna tillsammans prövar flera olika förslag på bedömning överensstämmer även enskilda lärares bedömningar i högre grad med gruppens beslut. Bedömningsöverensstämmelsen mellan lärargrupperna är däremot låg.

Planering och genomförandet av en leende-kampanj för de anställda på Esbo IKEA

OpenAIRE

Hietanen, Laura

2013-01-01

Kundservice är viktigt för ett företags framgång och därför bör de investera i det. Då kundernas upplevelser överrensstämmer med de förväntningar de haft för företaget kommer de mer sannolikt att komma tillbaka och berätta om upplevelserna till personer i sin omgivning. De anställda har en avgörande roll i detta sammanhang. De kan med sitt agerande inverka både positivt samt negativt på synen på kundservicenivån i företaget. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att planera samt genomföra en leen...

[Minna Ahokas. Valistus suomalaisessa kirjakulttuurissa 1700-luvulla. Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk 188] / Tuija Laine

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Laine, Tuija, 1964-

2012-01-01

Arvustus: Minna Ahokas. Valistus suomalaisessa kirjakulttuurissa 1700-luvulla. Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk 188. Diss. Sasatamala : Finska Vetenskaps-societeten. (Suomen Tiedeseura, 2011)

Forecasts and restrictions on vibrations from rock excavation and transportation. Encapsulation Plant and Repository for spent nuclear fuel, Laxemar; Prognoser och restriktioner foer vibrationer fraan bergschaktning och transporter. Inkapslingsanlaeggning och slutfoervar foer anvaent kaernbraensle, Laxemar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lind, Carl; Johansson, Sven-Erik (Nitro Consult AB (Sweden))

2010-12-15

This study describes the impact on the surroundings that may occur during rock excavation activities for the final repository for spent nuclear fuel in Laxemar and the encapsulation facility in Simpevarp. The study also includes vibrations created by heavy shipments related to activities at the final repository. The study will provide input to the environmental impact assessment and future design work. The survey area for buildings and facilities covered by the study extends approximately 1,000 metres from the proposed location of the final repository. For the encapsulation facility the survey area has been limited to residential buildings and summer houses within 1,000 metres of the proposed location. In addition, residential buildings along road 743 have been surveyed with regard to the impact of heavy shipments between Laxemar and Faarbo. The results of the surveys and information on planned rock excavation activities have been used to formulate preliminary restrictions and predictions of vibrations and air shock waves from blasting, as well as noise from rock drilling. Predictions have also been made of vibrations from heavy shipments, and a reference survey has been carried out in a residential building near road 743. The predictions of vibrations from blasting rounds reveal low or very low levels. No risk of damage to buildings or equipment is expected. Vibrations from blasting may, however, be perceptible within large parts of the study area, since the human perception threshold for vibration is very low. They will hardly be regarded as disturbing, however. When the accesses to the final repository have been built and rock excavation continues at repository level, the impact on the surroundings is expected to be minimal. The main reason for this is that the blasting will then occur at a depth of about 500 metres, at an ample distance to buildings at surface level. Predictions of air shock waves from blasting rounds indicate low levels. There is no risk of damage but air shocks may be audible at great distances during the first few years when surface facilities are being built and blasting is being done for the ramp and sunk shafts. They are not expected to be perceived as disturbing, since the blasting will be limited to a few times per day during the most intensive period. Structure-borne noise from rock drilling for the repository will not be audible due to large distances to buildings. Noise from above-ground drilling may be audible, but below guideline values. Also, the drilling is limited to a relatively short period of time. In Clab, indoor guideline values may be exceeded during drilling for the encapsulation facility. There is no risk of flyrock from blasting that could cause damage to the surroundings. The scope and nature of flyrock protection will be determined at a later stage, but as a general rule the initial blasting rounds, when the risk of flyrock is the greatest, will be carried out as controlled blasting. Vibrations in surrounding buildings caused by heavy shipments to and from the final repository are not expected to cause any damage, mainly due to the fact that the supporting ground along the transport routes is dominated by rock or till. The reference survey carried out in Oevrahammar verifies this and shows low vibration levels. If the future status of the concerned parts of road 743 is the same as today, disturbing vibrations are unlikely to occur, even if the heavy shipments increase in number. In summary, it is concluded that the guideline values and limit values stipulated in applicable standards, recommendations and guidelines for vibrations, air shock waves and noise from blasting activities, as well as noise from drilling and boring will be met by ample margin. The impact on the surroundings from blasting activities during the construction of the final repository and the encapsulation facility is therefore expected to be very limited

Hur reagerar läsarna på sponsrade inlägg publicerade på Isabella Löwengrips blogg? : En teoriprövande studie av Stuart Halls teori om inkodning och avkodning.

OpenAIRE

Lorentzon, Karin; Gustafsson, Victor

2017-01-01

Denna studie handlar om hur ett sponsrat blogginlägg av en influencer inkodas och hur läsarna i kommentarerna avkodar meddelandet och reagerar på inlägget. Studiens syfte är att öka förståelsen för hur läsare avkodar sponsrade blogginlägg. Vi antog innan genomförandet att fler skulle avkoda meddelandena på ett sätt som skulle vara mer kritiskt gentemot samarbetet, därför har det gjorts en teoriprövande studie av Stuart Halls teori om inkodning och avkodning. För uppnå vårt syfte har vi använt...

Självkänsla hos daghemsbarn : En kvalitativ undersökning om hur barnträdgårdslärare bekräftar och stärker barnets självkänsla på daghem

OpenAIRE

Fant, Sofia

2017-01-01

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att ta reda på hur en barnträdgårdslärare kan stärka och bekräfta barnets självkänsla på daghem. Vilken syn och uppfattning finns det om självkänslan på daghem och hur kan man stödja barnen på bästa sätt när det gäller självkänslan? I detta examensarbete har jag genom litteratur tagit fram vad självkänsla är, men även olika definitioner kring självkänslan och hur miljön runt om kan påverka självkänslan hos barnet. I intervjuerna som blev gjorda framkom ...

Luhmanns masmedieteori och Internet som ett artificiellt intelligent semiotiskt system Luhmanns massmedieteori och Internet som ett artificiellt intelligent semiotiskt system [Luhmann’s mass-media theory and Internet as an artificial intelligent semiotic system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter Kåhre

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Artikeln diskuterar hur en modern form av AI-programmering, som kallas Konnektionism i en design som kallas Distribuerad AI (DAI, påverkar den uppfattning Luhmann har om massmediernas roll för den andra ordningens observationer. DAI använder noder för att skapa aktivitet i systemen och inte de koder som styr processerna i den klassiska eller symboliska formen av AI. Luhmanns teori kan utvecklas genom att ersätta systemens koder med noder som förändras beroende på i vilken relation de står till andra noder. På så sätt kan kommunikationsbegreppet utvecklas så att det också omfattar systemens interaktioner med omvärlden. Det skapar en bättre förutsättning för att observationsmöjligheter direkt uppstår genom systemens relationer till omvärlden. Internet och AI-programmerade söksystem och robotar kan då fungera som ett artificiellt semiotiskt system som skapar möjligheter att göra observationer.The article discusses how a modern form of AI programming, known as Connectionism in a design known as Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI, affects the perception Luhmann has on mass media's role concerning second-order observations. DAI uses nodes to create activity in the systems and not the codes used by the Classic or Symbolic form of AI. Luhmann’s theory can be developed by replacing the systems codes with nodes that change depending on their relations to other nodes. In this way, we can reformulate the concept of communication, so that it includes the systems interactions with the environment. It creates better conditions so that observing opportunities may arise directly from these interactions. Internet and AI-programmed search systems and robots can then act as an artificial semiotic system that creates opportunities for making observations.

Conformational and spectroscopic study of xanthogen ethyl formates, ROC(S)SC(O)OCH2CH3. Isolation of CH3CH2OC(O)SH

Science.gov (United States)

Juncal, Luciana C.; Cozzarín, Melina V.; Romano, Rosana M.

2015-03-01

ROC(S)SC(O)OCH2CH3, with R = CH3sbnd , (CH3)2CHsbnd and CH3(CH2)2sbnd , were obtained through the reaction between potassium xanthate salts, ROC(S)SK, and ethyl chloroformate, ClC(O)OCH2CH3. The liquid compounds were identified and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. The conformations adopted by the molecules were studied by DFT methods. 6 conformers were theoretically predicted for R = CH3sbnd and (CH3)2CHsbnd , while the conformational flexibility of the n-propyl substituent increases the total number of feasible rotamers to 21. For the three molecules, the conformers can be associated in 3 groups, being the most stable the AS forms - the Cdbnd S double bond anti (A) with respect to the Csbnd S single bond and the Ssbnd C single bond syn (S) with respect to the Cdbnd O double bond - followed by AA and SS conformers. The vibrational spectra were interpreted in terms of the predicted conformational equilibrium, presenting the ν(Cdbnd O) spectral region signals corresponding to the three groups of conformers. A moderated pre-resonance Raman enhancement of the ν(Cdbnd S) vibrational mode of CH3(CH2)2OC(S)SC(O)OCH2CH3 was detected, when the excitation radiation approaches the energy of a n → π∗ electronic transition associated with the Cdbnd S chromophore. UV-visible spectra in different solvents were measured and interpreted in terms of TD-DFT calculations. The unknown molecule CH3CH2OC(O)SH was isolated by the UV-visible photolysis of CH3OC(S)SC(O)OCH2CH3 isolated in Ar matrix, and also obtained as a side-product of the reaction between potassium xanthate salts, ROC(S)SK, and ethyl chloroformate, ClC(O)OCH2CH3.

Operation experiences of landfill gas engines; Motorer foer deponigas - Tillgaenglighet och drifterfarenheter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dejfors, Charlotte; Grimberger, Goeran [AaF-Energikonsult Stockholm AB (Sweden)

2000-06-01

The gas that is obtained from landfilled waste is produced by bacteria that digest organic material in an anaerobic environment. Landfill gas consists mainly of methane, carbon dioxide and water vapour. It may be used either as auxiliary fuel in boilers close to the landfill or to generate electricity by means of a gas engine. Several plants where landfill gas is used in gas engines have had serious problems, a. o. with burned exhaust valves. These problems may occur already after a short period of operation, which influences the profitability. The purposes of the project reported were to collect operational experience in Sweden with engines using landfill gas as fuel, to identify which problems there are and which actions or improvements have been implemented in order to correct for these problems. Today, there are 9 facilities where landfill gas is used to fuel a total of 13 gas engines. In addition, there is an engine in Goeteborg which has scarcely been in operation after its installation because there is not enough gas. Contact has been taken with all these facilities. Many have pointed out that the gas engines are sensitive in the vicinity of maximum load, where the control system requires an even gas flow and a stable composition of the gas. A counter-measure in the facilities is to avoid running the engine at full load. All engines are equipped with a lean-NO{sub x} system in order to minimise NO{sub x} emissions. Many have remarked that the lean-NO{sub x} system shuts the engine off when emissions exceed the allowed limits. There is a consensus that spark plugs and ignition cables have created operational problems. These have been changed more frequently than originally expected. Another problem, which has caused operational problems and a need for maintenance, is deposits mainly in the combustion chamber, in valves and cylinder heads. Deposits and high exhaust gas temperature have led to burnt exhaust gas valves and cylinder heads on half of the engines. The actions taken depend on how serious the problem was. The characteristics of the production of landfill gas is an important factor. Most facilities have overestimated the volume of gas produced, which has lead to oversized engines and a specific cost, SEK per kW{sub el} produced, which is higher than calculated. However, many point out that running the engines on part load most of the time contributes to lower maintenance costs. It has been decided that combustible waste shall not be landfilled starting from 2002, and that organic waste shall not be landfilled starting from 2005. These decisions will lead to a further reduction of the production of landfill gas. Today, there is no interest for investing in new engines running on landfill gas. The laws that are considered are one reason, and the other reason is the low price for electricity. However, the number of engines running on biogas could increase in the future. A problem that should be investigated further, not only for landfill gas engines but also for biogas engines, is the deposits that have been observed. What is their composition? None of the facilities interviewed have analysed which elements and which compounds are found in these deposits. Is there any difference between engines from different manufacturers, depending on their solution for controlling fuel and air, the temperature of air, etc?.

Investigation of the O+allyl addition/elimination reaction pathways from the OCH2CHCH2 radical intermediate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

FitzPatrick, Benjamin L.; Lau, K.-C.; Butler, Laurie J.; Lee, S.-H.; Lin, Jim Jr-Min

2008-01-01

These experiments study the preparation of and product channels resulting from OCH 2 CHCH 2 , a key radical intermediate in the O+allyl bimolecular reaction. The data include velocity map imaging and molecular beam scattering results to probe the photolytic generation of the radical intermediate and the subsequent pathways by which the radicals access the energetically allowed product channels of the bimolecular reaction. The photodissociation of epichlorohydrin at 193.3 nm produces chlorine atoms and c-OCH 2 CHCH 2 radicals; these undergo a facile ring opening to the OCH 2 CHCH 2 radical intermediate. State-selective resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) detection resolves the velocity distributions of ground and spin-orbit excited state chlorine independently, allowing for a more accurate determination of the internal energy distribution of the nascent radicals. We obtain good agreement detecting the velocity distributions of the Cl atoms with REMPI, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization at 13.8 eV, and electron bombardment ionization; all show a bimodal distribution of recoil kinetic energies. The dominant high recoil kinetic energy feature peaks near 33 kcal/mol. To elucidate the product channels resulting from the OCH 2 CHCH 2 radical intermediate, the crossed laser-molecular beam experiment uses VUV photoionization and detects the velocity distribution of the possible products. The data identify the three dominant product channels as C 3 H 4 O (acrolein)+H, C 2 H 4 +HCO (formyl radical), and H 2 CO (formaldehyde)+C 2 H 3 . A small signal from C 2 H 2 O (ketene) product is also detected. The measured velocity distributions and relative signal intensities at m/e=27, 28, and 29 at two photoionization energies show that the most exothermic product channel, C 2 H 5 +CO, does not contribute significantly to the product branching. The higher internal energy onset of the acrolein+H product channel is consistent with the relative barriers en route to

Investigation of the O+allyl addition/elimination reaction pathways from the OCH2CHCH2 radical intermediate

Science.gov (United States)

Fitzpatrick, Benjamin L.; Lau, Kai-Chung; Butler, Laurie J.; Lee, Shih-Huang; Lin, Jim-Min, Jr.

2008-08-01

These experiments study the preparation of and product channels resulting from OCH2CHCH2, a key radical intermediate in the O+allyl bimolecular reaction. The data include velocity map imaging and molecular beam scattering results to probe the photolytic generation of the radical intermediate and the subsequent pathways by which the radicals access the energetically allowed product channels of the bimolecular reaction. The photodissociation of epichlorohydrin at 193.3 nm produces chlorine atoms and c-OCH2CHCH2 radicals; these undergo a facile ring opening to the OCH2CHCH2 radical intermediate. State-selective resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) detection resolves the velocity distributions of ground and spin-orbit excited state chlorine independently, allowing for a more accurate determination of the internal energy distribution of the nascent radicals. We obtain good agreement detecting the velocity distributions of the Cl atoms with REMPI, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization at 13.8 eV, and electron bombardment ionization; all show a bimodal distribution of recoil kinetic energies. The dominant high recoil kinetic energy feature peaks near 33 kcal/mol. To elucidate the product channels resulting from the OCH2CHCH2 radical intermediate, the crossed laser-molecular beam experiment uses VUV photoionization and detects the velocity distribution of the possible products. The data identify the three dominant product channels as C3H4O (acrolein)+H, C2H4+HCO (formyl radical), and H2CO (formaldehyde)+C2H3. A small signal from C2H2O (ketene) product is also detected. The measured velocity distributions and relative signal intensities at m/e=27, 28, and 29 at two photoionization energies show that the most exothermic product channel, C2H5+CO, does not contribute significantly to the product branching. The higher internal energy onset of the acrolein+H product channel is consistent with the relative barriers en route to each of these product channels

Sweden's Future Climate in the short- and medium-term perspective. Basis for development of climate adaptation tools; Sveriges framtida klimat paa kort och medellaang sikt. Underlag foer utveckling av verktyg foer klimatanpassning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carlsen, Henrik; Parmhed, Oskar

2008-12-15

This report studies two questions - how the actual amount of greenhouse gas emissions has changed over time in comparison with previous assumptions and what will happen to Sweden's climate from short and medium term perspectives given the future development of the climate in general. The content of this report shall be used as the basis for continued work in the development of climate adaptation tools that can be used primarily in Sweden. The first section of this report presents the development of actual greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. Eight years have passed since IPCC published its emissions scenarios (SRES) and for this reason a comparison between the emissions levels from the report and the experimental data from observations made in recent years is well due. Measurements show that current levels of emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels exceed the average of the SRES families as a whole. Among other implications, this means that emission levels are significantly higher than the levels assumed in the climate scenarios of the Swedish Commission on Climate and Vulnerability (Klimat- och saarbarhetsutredningen). There is little support from the experimental data to indicate that this rate of increase will subside. In addition, studies are indicating that the increased emissions are not solely attributable to a rise in population levels and increased wealth (GNP/capita). Another aspect is that the carbon intensity, measured as the amount of carbon dioxide per unit production price, has been declining since 2000. This is entirely contrary to the assumptions made in all of the emissions scenarios in SRES that carbon dioxide efficiency would continue to increase. The report therefore concludes that work with climate adaptation in Sweden must take into consideration to a greater extent than is currently done today the consequences of emissions levels that are in line with or exceed the highest SRES levels. The second section of this report takes

Opportunity and potential for fuel cell systems for energy in buildings; Moejlighet och potential foer braenslecellsystem foer energifoersoerjning i byggnader

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jannasch, Anna-Karin (Catator AB (Sweden))

2011-04-15

While planning for new sustainable and environmentally friendly communities in Sweden, discussions on using fuel cells for small-scale power and heat production (mCHP) are today on-going. Examples of such communities are Sege Park in Malmoe and Norra Djurgardsstaden in Stockholm, where several members of the Swedish Construction Industry's Organisation for Research and Development (SBUF) are participating in the development. The status and the potential of using fuel cell based mCHP compared to conventional heat and power production technology and other mCHP-technologies (Internal combustion engine (ICE), Stirling) is today therefore a very interesting question for both the energy and the building sector, who also ask for more knowledge within the field. This work focuses on this purpose. The main goals of this report are: 1. To give an overall description of different existing fuel cell technologies and necessary belonging system components. The fuel cell systems are discussed and evaluated based on parameters such as efficiencies, fuel flexibility, life-time, complexity, maturity and cost. The systems are compared to mCHPs based on small heat engines (Internal combustion, Stirling). 2. To give a state-of-the-art report on fuel cell based mCHPs and to describe possibilities and risks related to different technologies. 3. To guideline for future choices of system solutions suitable for different building constructions and different geographical placements. The work is limited to systems suitable for small houses (< 5 kWe) and larger residential buildings (< 50 kWe) situated in population centres/cities where infra-structures for natural gas/biogas and the national grid are available. The project has been performed by Catator AB on the request of SBUF with support from the Swedish Gas Centre (SGC AB), Skanska and Catator. The study is based on the open literature, the information given by leading fuel cell system suppliers and Catator's own knowledge and experience in the field. Today, there are in general three different fuel cell technologies that are in focus for mCHPs: Low and high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (LT/HT-PEMFC) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Among these, LT-PEMFC is the most mature technology and is therefore today dominating the market (80 %). As reforming method, steam reforming with downstream atmospheric gas clean-up is the most commonly applied since this is the method resulting in the highest efficiency. In the near future, LT-PEMFC is expected to be replaced by the less mature SOFC, since the use of the latter technology opens up for significant system simplifications, higher electrical efficiencies (40-45 % instead of 30-35 %) and more efficient heat recovering. Japan is by far the world's leading country in the development and the distribution of fuel cell based mCHPs. In EU, the development in Great Britain and Germany are dominating the market. In Sweden, only three different fuel based mCHPs have been installed and tested so far. Two of those were placed in Hammarby Sjoestad in Stockholm during the period 2002-2008. The third one, called ComfortPower, was developed by Catator during 2010 and is hybridised with a heat pump module. In Japan, there are today almost 6000 fuel based mCHPs installed and in operation in private houses and public buildings. Since May 2009, there is a approx1 kWe/2 kWth commercially available system, called ENE-FARM, for operation on either natural gas/LPG/kerosene. Results such as 35-45 % and 85-90 % in electrical and total system efficiency, respectively, in combination with promising life-time data, i.e. approx 0.5-1 % degradation during almost 20 000 hours operation, have been achieved. The big remaining challenge is the cost. Today, the price of ENE-FARM is 210 kSEK without subsidies. The cost and hence so also the price is however expected to drastically decrease with on-going stack and components improvements and increasing production volumes. In year 2015, the price is expected to be around 40-60 kSEK, i.e in the same range as corresponding ICE-based mCHPs cost today, provided that the production volume reaches around 100 000 units/year/supplier. Similar results and predictions have been reported from leading system suppliers in EU. The market potential for mCHPs is strongly dependent on the geographical placement.

Indicators and calculation methods for monitoring policy for energy efficiency; Indikatorer och beraekningsmetoder foer att foelja upp politik foer energieffektivisering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2011-07-01

Energy efficiency objectives can be absolute or relative. With absolute objectives the energy use of a given year should be at a certain level, for example, 80 percent of today's energy use. With a relatively objective energy use should be related to something else such as gross domestic production (GDP) or gross national income (GNI). Depending on how the goals are formulated the requirements of the policy instruments introduced to contribute to the achievement of objectives will vary. In addition to the Energy Services Directive objective (Directive 2006/32/EC) an objective has been set for the EU which means that energy consumption in 2020 will be 20 percent more efficient compared to a reference scenario. Estimates of the impact analysis of the EU Action Plan for energy efficiency 2011 indicates that the EU's energy input for energy purposes should be a maximum of 1474 Mtoe. The savings compared to the energy use reference scenario which are projected to be 1842 Mtoe will thus amount to 368 Mtoe in 2020. There are reasons to pay attention to the definition of key terms. Energy conservation and energy efficiency for example are used in a number of non synonymous ways even in EU documents. It has consequences including the interpretation of the objective. Sweden has set an objective to reduce energy intensity in terms of energy input in relation to GDP by 20 percent by the year 2020 with 2008 as base year. Sweden's intensity objective takes, unlike the EU's energy efficiency objective, account of the actual economic development. EU's energy efficiency objective is based on a forecast of the economic development. Sweden also has an objective of energy consumption per square meter of residential and commercial buildings. It should be reduced by 20 percent by 2020 and by 50 percent by 2050. Furthermore, there is a focus that energy efficiency in transport must improve in order to contribute to the environmental objective of reduced climate impact. EU's energy efficiency objective is not currently mandatory and has not yet been distributed. It is therefore also unclear how the monitoring should be done, but a starting point might be to monitor countries' contribution to the objective through a set of indicators

Variable-energy positron annihilation study of subnanopores in SiOCH-based PECVD films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ito, Kenji; Oka, Toshitaka; Kobayashi, Yoshinori; Suzuki, Ryoichi; Ohdaira, Toshiyuki

2007-01-01

Subnanoporosity was introduced into SiOCH-based thin films by mixing tetraethyl orthosilicate with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) in the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, and was evaluated by the variable-energy positron annihilation lifetime technique. It was found that with increasing the HMDSO fraction both porosity and pore size were enhanced, as evidenced by the decreased refractive index and increased ortho-positronium lifetime. The lifetimes from 2.0 to 6.8 ns suggested the tunable pore volumes within a range of 0.1-0.7 nm 3

Den komplexa väven Att organisera för barns övergångar till och från förskoleklass

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helena Ackesjö

2015-09-01

Full Text Available This study focuses on how children's transitions to and from preschool classes are organized in different schools. Principal’s arguments for this organization were sought via a web-based survey and analyzed using the frame factor theory in addition to theories of practical sense and the concept of continuity. The results show that children tend to make more transitions between social communities the younger they are. The distribution of the principal’s answers show that the majority of them, because of external conditions, split the preschool groups to new classes in the transition to preschool class. However, the same movements are not indicated in the transition to first grade. The results show how the work of organizing chidren’s transitions represent a complex web of external actual conditions as the number of children and the recruitment area of the school, the internal logics and ideas about what is best for children and best for continued learning as well as the school's own traditions of working with transitions. Föreliggande studie fokuserar på hur barns övergångar till och från förskoleklass organiseras på olika skolor. Via en webbaserad enkät söks skolledares argument för denna organisering. I analysen nyttjas ett ramfaktorteoretiskt tänkande som kompletteras med teorier om praktiskt förnuft samt kontinuitetsbegreppet. Resultaten visar att barn tenderar att göra fler övergångar mellan barngrupper och sociala gemenskaper ju yngre de är. Fördelningen av skolledarnas svar visar att majoriteten, på grund av yttre villkor, delar förskolegrupperna till nya klasser i övergången till förskoleklass. Däremot indikeras inte samma rörlighet i övergången till årskurs 1. Resultaten visar hur arbetet med att organisera övergångarna utgör en komplex väv av yttre faktiska villkor som barnantal och upptagningsområdets storlek, av inre logiker och föreställningar om vad som är det bästa för barnen och det b

Att veta när man ska göra det man vet att man ska göra : om barn med ADHD, uppfattning av tid och att komma ihåg att göra det man har planerat

OpenAIRE

Hillertz, Anna

2005-01-01

I den här studien undersöks om det är bristande tidsuppfattning som orsakar sämre prospektivt minne hos barn med diagnos ADHD. Studien syftar även till att utreda vad prospektivt minne har för relation till arbetsminne och exekutiva funktioner. Studien har genomförts genom att två grupper, en grupp barn med diagnos ADHD och en kontrollgrupp, har utfört uppgifter som ger mått på prospektivt minne, tidsuppfattning, arbetsminne och exekutiva funktioner. Barnen i ADHD-gruppen har även deltagit i ...

Förhållandet mellan den fria rörligheten inom EU och internationella dubbelbeskattningsavtal : En analys med utgångspunkt i EU-domstolens praxis

OpenAIRE

Österman, Catharina

2013-01-01

När en skattskyldig blir beskattad flera gånger för samma inkomst, i minst två länder och under samma tidsperiod, uppstår juridisk dubbelbeskattning. En vanlig metod för att i möjligaste mån undvika dubbelbeskattning är att stater ingår bilaterala dubbelbeskattningsavtal med varandra. I ett dubbelbeskattningsavtal avgör de avtalsslutande staterna vilken stat som, i en rad olika situationer, ska ha beskattningsrätt och vilken stat som till följd därav avstår från sin rätt till beskattning. Där...

Low-k SiOCH Film Etching Process and Its Diagnostics Employing Ar/C5F10O/N2 Plasma

Science.gov (United States)

Nagai, Mikio; Hayashi, Takayuki; Hori, Masaru; Okamoto, Hidekazu

2006-09-01

We proposed an environmental harmonic etching gas of C5F10O (CF3CF2CF2OCFCF2), and demonstrated the etching of low-k SiOCH films employing a dual-frequency capacitively coupled etching system. Dissociative ionization cross sections for the electron impact ionizations of C5F10O and c-C4F8 gases have been measured by quadrupole mass spectroscopy (QMS). The dissociative ionization cross section of CF3+ from C5F10O gas was much higher than those of other ionic species, and 10 times higher than that of CF3+ from C4F8 gas. CF3+ is effective for increasing the etching rate of SiO2. As a result, the etching rate of SiOCH films using Ar/C5F10O/N2 plasma was about 1000 nm/min, which is much higher than that using Ar/C4F8/N2 plasma. The behaviours of fluorocarbon radicals in Ar/C5F10O/N2 plasma, which were measured by infrared diode laser absorption spectroscopy, were similar to those in Ar/C4F8/N2 plasma. The densities of CF and CF3 radicals were markedly decreased with increasing N2 flow rate. Etching rate was controlled by N2 flow rate. A vertical profile of SiOCH with a high etching rate and less microloading was realized using Ar/C5F10O/N2 plasma chemistry.

Comparison Of Several Metrology Techniques For In-line Process Monitoring Of Porous SiOCH

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fossati, D.; Imbert, G.; Beitia, C.; Yu, L.; Plantier, L.; Volpi, F.; Royer, J.-C.

2007-01-01

As porous SiOCH is a widely used inter-metal dielectric for 65 nm nodes and below, the control of its elaboration process by in-line monitoring is necessary to guarantee successful integration of the material. In this paper, the sensitivities of several non-destructive metrology techniques towards the film elaboration process drifts are investigated. It appears that the two steps of the process should be monitored separately and that corona charge method is the most sensitive technique of the review for this application

Studiemotivation en jämförelse mellan gymnasieelevers egen uppfattning om motivationsnivå och Self-Determination Theory : en jämförelse mellan gymnasieelevers egen uppfattning om motivationsnivå och Self-Determination Theory

OpenAIRE

Hagdahl, Kristina; Jimmy, Hammarbäck

2014-01-01

Studien handlar om svenska gymnasieelevers motivation för att studera matematikämnet. Den teoretiska grunden hämtas ifrån Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur väl gymnasieelevers egen uppfattning om sin motivationsnivå kan prediceras genom de fyra ingående motivationsorienteringarna i Self-Determination Theory: (1) external regulation; (2) introjected regulation; (3) identified regulation; och (4) intrinsic motivation. Deltagarna (n = 132), 44...

UV absorption spectrum of CH₃OCH₂ radicals and kinetics of the reaction of CH₃OCH₂O₂ radicals with NO and NO₂ in the gas phase

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Langer, S.; Ljungström, E.; Ellermann, T.

1995-01-01

Alkyl and alkylperoxy radicals originating from dimethyl ether have been studied in the gas phase at 296 K. A pulse radiolysis-UV absorption technique was used. Absorption cross-sections were quantified over the wavelength range 220-350 nm. At 230 nm, sigma(CH3OCH2) = (4.2 +/- 0.5) X 10(-18) cm(2...

Ash and sludge covering of mine waste - Final report. Benefits and/or risks using ash and sludge for covering of weathered mine waste; Aska och roetslam som taet- och taeckskikt foer vittrat gruvavfall - Slutrapport. Foerdelar och/eller risker med att anvaenda aska och slam som taet- och taeckskikt foer vittrat gruvavfall

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baeckstroem, Mattias; Karlsson, Ulrika [Oerebro Univ. (Sweden). Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre

2006-02-15

One of the main sources for metal pollution in Sweden is mine waste. One way to decrease the leaching of metals from mine waste areas are covering which decreases the volume of acid drainage. There is a shortage of appropriate materials to use for covering and excavation of till and clay from the environment might cause damages on the landscape. Previous studies have demonstrated that sludge and ashes are suitable materials for covering of waste deposits. When covering mine waste with ash and sludge various positive effects would arise, since the production of drainage water decreases as well as the pH increases due to the high buffer capacity of the ash. In Ervalla outside Oerebro an area with mine waste (tailings) has been covered with ash and sludge. This area gives a unique possibility to study benefits and/or risks with the covering of mine waste with ash and sludge. Unfortunately, the covering was not, from the start, carried out in a way that made it possible to evaluate the data. For instance, data about the surface and groundwater quality prior to the covering is lacking. Sulphidic minerals are also very common in the area, giving rise to acidic groundwater from other parts of the area, which haven't been remediated. This report is a final report where all phases are presented (phase 1 and 2). Focus in phase 1 has been on characterization of the material that has been used for covering and initiation of a monitoring program. In phase 2 focus has been on evaluation of monitoring data and the pros and cons of the deposit regarding the environment. Preliminary findings indicate that that the covering increases the leaching of some metals whereas the leaching of some metals decreases. An increase was observed for pH, calcium, potassium, sodium, arsenic, barium, chromium and copper. A decrease in the concentration of iron, nickel, cobalt, lead and zinc was observed. Other benefits with the remediation is also discussed (increased plant growth and an area for storing timber). From the results an approach towards future covering of weathered mine waste with ash and sludge is presented.

Requirements and solutions for future pellet technology; Krav och loesningar foer framtidens pelletsteknik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paulrud, Susanne; Roennbaeck, Marie; Ryde, Daniel; Laitila, Thomas

2010-07-01

Requirements and solutions for future pellet burning technologies Since 2006, sales of pellet burning technologies to the Swedish residential market have fallen. The main reasons for this decrease are: many of the economically favorable easy conversions from oil to pellets have been made; competition from heat pumps; warm winters; a stable electricity price; and the current structure of heating in residential buildings, where electric heating dominates. To change this falling trend pellets need to become more attractive to consumers. This project aimed to analyze the requirements for the next generation of pellets systems and to develop potential solutions, in collaboration with the pellets industry. More specifically, the study looked at consumers' attitudes toward heating choices and different heating through a survey to 2000 house owners across Sweden. The project included a market analysis of Swedish and international technologies and examines the conditions for Swedish pellet burning technology in different markets. In addition, new solutions and developments for Swedish pellets burning technology are described

Intelligent soot blowing for boilers co-firing waste and biofuel; Behovsstyrd sotblaasning foer bio- och avfallseldade pannor - inventering och teknikval

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kjoerk, Anders [S.E.P. Scandinavian Energy Project AB, Goeteborg (Sweden)

2003-11-01

To achieve optimum boiler operation and performance it is necessary to control the cleanliness and limit the fouling of the heat transfer surfaces. Historically, the heating surfaces in boilers firing biomass and waste are cleaned by steamblowing soot blowers on scheduled time-based and/or parameter-based intervals or by mechanical methods. With the advent of fuel switching strategies and use of mixed-in industrial waste, the control of heating surface cleanliness has become even more crucial for these boilers. Scheduled and/or parameter based approaches do not easily address operational changes. As plant operators push to achieve greater efficiency and performance from their boilers, the ability to more effectively optimize cleaning cycles has become increasingly important. If soot blowing is done only when and where it is required rather than at set intervals, unit performance can be maintained with reduced blowing, which saves steam. Two philosophical approaches toward intelligent soot blowing are currently being applied in the industry. One incorporates heat flux monitors to gather real-time heat transfer data to determine which areas of the furnace need cleaning. The other uses indirect temperature and pressure data to infer locations where soot blowing is needed, and is mainly applied for controlling soot blowers in the superheater and economiser area. The heat flux monitors are so fare used for control of the furnace wall blowers. A system using temperature, pressure and flow data does not require much additional instrumentation as compared with what is available on a standard boiler. However the blower control system must be capable of operating blowers on an individual basis. For advanced options it should also be possible to adjust the speed of the soot blower and the steam pressure. The control program could be more or less advanced but the ability to model heating surfaces and determine real-time cleanliness is crucial for an intelligent soot blowing system. Both boiler manufacturer and company dealing with soot blowers work with this issue and have a set of different solutions, all of them based on some kind of modelling of the boiler heat transfer surfaces. A model is needed to take the load changes and fuel switches into account. An intelligent soot blowing system should be easy to tune and adjust depending on the actual experience gained on each installation. It is also important that the system still works without jeopardy the availability of the boiler even if any instrument fails. As a first step it is therefore advisable to start with an indicative system which then when it is proved to be safe could control the soot blowing. From an economical point of view large boilers with many hours in operation are best suited for an intelligent soot blower system installation.

[Stat-kyrka-samhälle : Den stormaktstida samhällsordningen i Sverige och Östersjöpinserna] / Enn Küng

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Küng, Enn, 1963-

2002-01-01

Arvustus: Stat-kyrka-samhälle : Den stormaktstida samhällsordningen i Sverige och Östersjöpinserna. (Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis Studia Baltica Stockholmiensa, 21). Stockholm, 2000. Stockholmi Ülikooli Balti Uuringute Keskuse teaduslik väljaanne "Riik-kirik-ühiskond" Rootsi suurriigi provintsipoliitikast Eesti- ja Liivimaal 16.-17. sajandil

Omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska rädsla, oro och ångest hos barn 0-18 år i samband med en röntgenundersökning : En litteraturstudie

OpenAIRE

Mohsen, Nadja; Imsirovic, Amela

2016-01-01

Bakgrund: Att besöka en röntgenavdelning kan vara något nytt och skrämmande för många barn. Den nya miljön kan orsaka rädsla, oro och ångest hos barn. Därför är det viktigt att röntgensjuksköterskan har kunskap om barnets behov för att upplevelsen på röntgenavdelningen ska vara så bra som möjligt. Syfte: Syftet med den här studien är att beskriva omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska rädsla, oro och ångest hos barn 0-18 år i samband med röntgenundersökning. Metod: Detta arbete är en litteraturstu...

Ash and sludge covering of mine waste. Benefits and/or risks using ash and sludge for covering of mine waste; Askor och roetslam som taeckskikt foer gruvavfall. Foerdelar och/eller risker med att anvaenda aska och slam som taeckskikt foer gruvavfall

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baeckstroem, Mattias; Johansson, Inger [Oerebro Univ. (Sweden). Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre

2004-01-01

One of the main sources for metal pollution in Sweden is mine waste. One way to decrease the leaching of metals from mine waste areas is covering which decreases the formation of acid drainage. There is a shortage of appropriate materials to use for covering, and excavation of till and clay from the environment might cause damages on the landscape. Previous studies have demonstrated that sludge and ashes are suitable materials for covering of waste deposits. When covering mine waste with ash and sludge various positive effects would arise, since the production of drainage water decreases as well as the pH increases due to the high buffer-capacity of the ash. In Ervalla outside Oerebro an area with mine waste has been covered with ash and sludge. This area gives a unique possibility to study benefits and/or risks with the covering of mine waste with ash and sludge. This report is a summary of the first phase of the project and the focus has been on characterisation of the material that has been used for covering. Also a monitoring program for the area has started. Preliminary findings indicate that that the covering decreases the leaching of some metals whereas the leaching of some metals increases. A decrease in the concentration of iron, nickel, cobalt and lead was observed and an increase was observed for arsenic, barium, chromium and copper.

Measuring Technique for emission of carbon dioxide - principles and costs for monitoring within the framework of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme; Maetteknik foer koldioxidutslaepp - principer och kostnader foer oevervakning inom ramen foer EU:s system foer handel med utslaeppsraetter foer koldioxid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lau, Peter; Gustavsson, Lennart; Magnusson, Bertil; Loefdahl, Gunn-Mari

2004-07-01

The report describes different methods to monitor the variables, used to calculate the emission of carbon dioxide, within the framework of the Emissions Trading Scheme. All factors such as the amount of material (e.g. fuel used from supply data or measurement), the thermal value, transition- or emission factor and any oxidation factor of the material, are discussed. The main part of the report, chapters 3-5, deals with the measurements of the so called activity data, i.e. primarily the amount of fuel and carbonaceous materials which will result in CO{sub 2}- emission, and which is introduced to, or which is the result of a process in the form of a product. A background regarding metrological aspects is given, primarily how the uncertainty of the different monitoring levels of the reported CO{sub 2}-values, can be met. Chapter 6 deals with the thermal value, transition- or emission factor and the oxidation factor. As a conclusion from putting together this report, we can verify that there are many different types of scales and flow-meters (for liquids) that technically have the potential to determine the amount of fuel/material with sufficiently low measurement uncertainty, even to reach the highest verification level of 1 %. But to make this work in practice, a number of requirements must be met. The measuring instruments must be installed and maintained in such a way that the capability of the instruments really is utilized. In many cases, there must also be routines on how to handle the results from the measurements, including e.g. correction for temperature etc. A tip for those that quickly wish to find vital information is to use the compilations that can be found as figures in the report. In the compilation over 'Conditions' Chapter 4, information on the prerequisites that must be met for the measuring instrument related to the different verification (uncertainty) levels, is compiled in one diagram, with codes referring to short descriptions. Regarding the choice of instrument, essential data is compiled regarding area of use and related costs.

En socialpsykologisk analys av samkönat partnervåld ur ett makt- och normativitetsperspektiv

OpenAIRE

von Braun, Thérèse

2009-01-01

Uppsatsens syfte var att nå en större teoretisk förståelse av samkönat partnervåld, genom att analysera olika forskningsartiklars narrativa konstruktioner av våldet. De två frågeställningarna var: 1. Hur diskuterar forskningslitteraturen samkönat partnervåld med fokus på temana relationsdynamik, karaktär hos parterna, kön, genus och sexualitet samt betydelsen av social kontext? 2. Hur diskuterar forskningslitteraturen det professionella bemötandet av samkönat partnervåld? De 21 valda primärdo...

Regulations for storage and transport of biofuels; Regler foer foervaring och transport av biodrivmedel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elmefors, Elin; Karlsson, Emelie

2012-07-01

The trend towards a fossil-free agriculture is of great importance. Partly due to the fossil fuel energy is finite but also because of the importance of agriculture to reduce the environmental impact of food production. There are also an economic aspect. It is likely that in the near future will be economically burdensome being limited to fossil fuels. Therefore, it is important that agriculture is well prepared to move towards alternative biofuels. The introduction of alternative fuels in agriculture as a substitute for diesel has proven more difficult than in other industrial sectors, depending on both the specific technical conditions and a regulatory framework that may not have been written with agriculture as target. LRF, Farmers' Association, has instructed the JTI, Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, identifying which rules, laws and regulations that will affect farmers at the farm level that for their own use stores and manages one of the most likely future biofuels for agricultural tractors.

Device for dewatering of raw biomass. Anordning foer avvattning och uppluckring av raa biomassa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kubat, J; Aabom, J J.V.; Klason, T C.F.; Bultzingsloewen, F von

1993-09-27

This invention concerns a device for loosening of raw biomass through roll dewatering. It is primarily applicable for comminuted and milled raw wood. The invention is of special interest for the production of pulverized wood fuel

Omsättning, rörelseresultat och kapitalstruktur – Påverkas företags kapitalstruktur av förändringar i dess omsättning eller rörelseresultat?

OpenAIRE

Lisstorp, Mattias; Steinberger, Paul

2012-01-01

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur omsättning och rörelseresultat har samband med företagets kapitalstruktur. Resultaten jämförs med befintlig teori för att verifiera de teoretiska ansatserna. Regressionsanalys av tidsserier för 32 svenska börsnoterade företag med mer än 20 miljarder svenska kronor i omsättning 2010 har använts vid den här undersökningen. Data från åren 2004 till 2010 till varje företag är tagen från databasen ”Affärsdata” och undersöks genom regressionsanalys. Först u...

Conditions for new biofuel raw materials. Systems for small scale briquetting and pelletizing; Foerutsaettningar foer nya biobraensleraavaror. System foer smaaskalig brikettering och pelletering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Paulrud, Susanne; Holmgren, Kristina (The Swedish Environmental Research Institute Ltd., Stockholm (Sweden)); Rosenqvist, Haakan; Boerjesson, Paal (Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund Inst. of Technology, Lund (Sweden))

2009-01-15

The increasing demand for biomass has driven exploitation of the most easily available and cheapest biomass resources such as sawmill waste and logging residues. More knowledge is needed about exploitation and production of potential new biomass resources, currently not used for energy production (or only to a very small extent), in order to meet the future demands from various biomass users. The project aimed to examine the conditions for use of 'new' biomass materials for heat production from technical, economic and other perspectives (price trends, attitudes etc.). More specifically, the study looked at which biomass raw materials have the best characteristics for processing into briquettes and pellets in small-scale production plants (1 000 - 10 000 tonnes fuel produced per year) situated close to the source of the raw material. The study includes a comprehensive analysis of the appropriateness of the different raw materials and a case study including cost estimates for the entire production chain for production of briquettes from reed canary grass on a chosen farm (Laattra gaard). The raw materials judged to have potential to supplement the current biomass range for heat production are willow (and to a certain extent other fast-growing hardwoods), straw and reed canary grass. In the future, other perennial grasses may be of interest. Other forestry products that may help to meet in creasing demand include logging residues, stumps and wood from thinning and precommercial thinning. The study shows that the prerequisites for processing these raw materials into briquettes and pellets in small-scale production plants are relatively good from several aspects (technology, economics, market) but are limited by the types of end user that can use that form of biomass. The study concluded that straw has a low production cost and good prerequisites as a raw material for production of fuel briquettes, fuel pellets and horse bedding pellets. However, use is limited by the raw material's combustion characteristics. Reed canary grass has the best potential nationally to be used as a raw material in small-scale production plants. For reed canary grass, briquette production is favourable over pellet production because pellets production is more expensive, involves a more advanced process and is dependent on a small-scale household market in order to be profitable. The results show that a price difference of 90 Swedish kronor/MWh between reed canary grass in bales and briquettes is sufficient for briquette production to be more profitable than bales for larger heating plants. The production of pellets from the products of thinning and precommercial thinning in small local plants can become a viable alternative where a shortage of traditional raw materials (e.g. sawmill waste) begins to limit the supply of cheap raw materials to larger pellets production plants. However, this is dependant on the technology and methods becoming more cost effective and on the demand for refined biomass continuing to increase. One alternative is biomass polygeneration in combined heat and power plants where pellets are produced from forestry raw materials. In the introductory phase, it may be of interest to use existing technology in the form of mobile pellet plants

A computational study of the addition of ReO3L (L = Cl(-), CH3, OCH3 and Cp) to ethenone.

Science.gov (United States)

Aniagyei, Albert; Tia, Richard; Adei, Evans

2016-01-01

The periselectivity and chemoselectivity of the addition of transition metal oxides of the type ReO3L (L = Cl, CH3, OCH3 and Cp) to ethenone have been explored at the MO6 and B3LYP/LACVP* levels of theory. The activation barriers and reaction energies for the stepwise and concerted addition pathways involving multiple spin states have been computed. In the reaction of ReO3L (L = Cl(-), OCH3, CH3 and Cp) with ethenone, the concerted [2 + 2] addition of the metal oxide across the C=C and C=O double bond to form either metalla-2-oxetane-3-one or metalla-2,4-dioxolane is the most kinetically favored over the formation of metalla-2,5-dioxolane-3-one from the direct [3 + 2] addition pathway. The trends in activation and reaction energies for the formation of metalla-2-oxetane-3-one and metalla-2,4-dioxolane are Cp Cp Cp Cp Cp. The direct [2 + 2] addition pathways leading to the formations of metalla-2-oxetane-3-one and metalla-2,4-dioxolane is thermodynamically the most favored for the ligands L = OCH3 and Cl(-). The difference between the calculated [2 + 2] activation barriers for the addition of the metal oxide LReO3 across the C=C and C=O functionalities of ethenone are small except for the case of L = Cl(-) and OCH3. The rearrangement of the metalla-2-oxetane-3-one-metalla-2,5-dioxolane-3-one even though feasible, are unfavorable due to high activation energies of their rate-determining steps. For the rearrangement of the metalla-2-oxetane-3-one to metalla-2,5-dioxolane-3-one, the trends in activation barriers is found to follow the order OCH3 Cp. The trends in the activation energies for the most favorable [2 + 2] addition pathways for the LReO3-ethenone system is CH3 > CH3O(-) > Cl(-) > Cp. For the analogous ethylene-LReO3 system, the trends in activation and reaction energies for the most favorable [3 + 2] addition pathway is CH3 > CH3O(-) > Cl(-) > Cp [10]. Even though the most favored pathway in the ethylene-LReO3 system is

Bottom ash from fluidising bed boilers as filler material in district heating pipe culverts. Chemical and geotechnical characterisation; Pannsand som kringfyllnadsmaterial foer fjaerrvaermeroergravar. Kemisk och geoteknisk karaktaerisering av fluidbaeddsand

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pettersson, Roger; Rogbeck, Jan; Suer, Pascal

2004-01-01

Bottom ashes from fluid bed boilers have been characterised, both geotechnically and chemically, in order to investigate the possibility to use them as filler material in district heating pipe culverts. Bottom ashes from both biofuel boilers and waste boilers are represented in this project. The companies which ashes have been characterised are Sundsvall Energi AB, Sydkraft OestVaerme AB, Sydkraft MaelarVaerme AB, Eskilstuna Miljoe och Energi, Stora Enso Fors, Soederenergi and Fortum Vaerme. A total of ten ashes have been analysed where three ashes originates from Sundsvall Energi AB, two from Sydkraft OestVaerme AB and one from the each of the remaining companies. The chemical analyses have been performed both on fresh ashes and on ashes aged for three months. The geotechnical analyses performed are grain size distribution, packing abilities and permeability. Chemical analyses performed are total content, available content, leaching tests (leaching both by shaking method and column procedure) and organic analyses (PAH, EOX, TOC, dioxin and fenol). The geotechnical analyses show that the ashes fulfils the demands that are put on the filler material used in district heating pipe culverts. When using the ashes in applications, light compaction should be performed due to the risk of crushing the material which may cause an increased amount of fine material. The leachability of fine material is larger than for coarse material. The ashes are relatively insensitive to precipitation. Bio fuel based bottom ashes have a lower content of environmental affecting substances than waste fuel based ashes. This is also shown in the leaching analyses. The leaching water from fresh ashes contains a higher concentration of leachable components than aged ashes. When aged the pH in the ashes decreases due to carbon uptake and hydration and this makes metals as Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn less mobile. On the other hand, an increase in leachability of Sb, Mo and SO{sub 4} is shown when the ashes

60 kvinnor per dag undersoeks nu med vaerldsunikt digitalt mammografisystem fraan Sectra

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

"Helsingborgs kvinnor faar kraftigt saenkt straaldos fraan mammografi60 kvinnor per dag undersoeks nu med vaerldsunikt digitalt mammografisystem fraan SectraSectras digitala mammografisystem, Sectra MicroDose Mammography, har nu passerat 1.500 undersoekta kvinnor inom Helsingborgs Lasaretts screeningprogram foer mammografi" (1 page).

"Stendum, feg och impotent är Turkiets president" : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av den tyska mediedebatten om Jan Böhmermann-affären utifrån olika argument för yttrandefrihet.

OpenAIRE

Lindström, Malin

2017-01-01

Den här uppsatsen undersöker argument för yttrandefrihet som framkommit i den så kallade Böhmermannaffären som inträffade våren 2016 i Tyskland, då den tyska satirikern Jan Böhmermann läste upp en niddikt om Turkiets president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Erdoğan kände sig kränkt och anmälde Böhmermann enligt ett tyskt lagrum. Undersökningen syftar till att utröna vilka typargument för yttrandefrihet som framkommit i debatten om Böhmermannaffären från olika aktörer och utifrån vilket intresse dessa ...

Atmospheric chemistry of (CF3)2CHOCH3, (CF3)2CHOCHO, and CF3C(O)OCH3

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Østerstrøm, Freja From; Wallington, Timothy J.; Andersen, Mads Peter Sulbæk

2015-01-01

Smog chambers with in situ FTIR detection were used to measure rate coefficients in 700 Torr of air and 296 ± 2 K of: k(Cl+(CF3)2CHOCH3) = (5.41 ± 1.63) × 10(-12), k(Cl+(CF3)2CHOCHO) = (9.44 ± 1.81) × 10(-15), k(Cl+CF3C(O)OCH3) = (6.28 ± 0.98) × 10(-14), k(OH+(CF3)2CHOCH3) = (1.86 ± 0.41) × 10(-1...

Hourly metering for everybody. Benefits, regulations and economy; Timmaetning foer alla. Nytta, regelverk och ekonomi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Badano, Andrea; Fritz, Peter; Goeransson, Anders; Linden, Magnus

2007-12-15

Today extensive investments in new modern electricity meters (AMR systems) are taking place in Sweden. The main reason for these investments is the new requirements on monthly meter readings, but these systems can generally do a lot more. Other Market Design projects have identified the need for more demand response in the electricity market and the important role of hourly settlement instead of profiling. With present rules and regulation there is an obvious risk that the new AMR technology will not be used to its full socio-economical potential. A survey made in this study implies that 90 % of the meters in which grid companies are investing today, make it possible to both register and store hourly meter values. A considerably lower share of the new systems will fully meet the demands of hourly settlement. Hourly settlement is both individually and collectively an advantage for the customer. Better tariffs and means of control should lead to a more cost-effective power system and in the long term also give lower electricity prices and higher security of supply. Customers can be well paid when decreasing electricity consumption when electricity price is high. Better statistics and follow-up will also lead to lower electricity consumption. Consequently, customers can make great use of hourly meter readings and management at hour-based level. At the same time, care must be taken how these possibilities are presented for the customers. They must be given information which is brought into line with each costumer's individual needs as far as possible. For power suppliers, hourly settlement would mean possibilities to offer new attractive tariffs to customers. It would give customers opportunities to reduce their electricity consumption and at the same time reduce risk exposure for the power supplier. With the power supplier and the customer having this knowledge about his electricity consumption, the power supplier is able to develop new services such as helping the costumer to analyze and influence his electricity consumption. Through clever grid tariffs, grid capacity can be used more efficiently. Also, management and surveillance can be offered to customers in order to optimize their electricity consumption both against the grid tariff and retail price. It also opens up for earning money through new kinds of services offered by the grid companies. It is then very important, however, that these services are developed in such a way so that the competition between power suppliers is not affected. To make grid companies voluntarily switch to hourly settlement for all its customers, changes in today's regulations are needed. In this study several of these requirements have been identified. In another ongoing Market Design project, 'Feasibility study for costumer flexibility', more information will be added for estimating what economical and environmental advantages hourly meter readings, new tariffs and new business opportunities can give

Leaching properties of natural aggregates. Rock materials and tills; Lakegenskaper foer naturballast. Bergmaterial och moraener

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ekvall, Annika; Bahr, Bo von; Andersson, Tove; Lax, Kaj; Aakesson, Urban [Swedish National Testing and Research Inst., Boraas (Sweden)

2006-02-15

The aim of this project is to produce leaching data for natural aggregates needed for assessment of the environmental impact of alternative materials aimed for use in for example road constructions. Both rock materials and tills are tested. The results shows that very little is leached from natural aggregate. A comparison with landfill criteria for inert waste and the Swedish regulations for drinking water shows that a few samples exceeds the criteria for fluoride ions. All other values are lower then these criteria, and a vast majority of the measurements are below the quantification limit.

High-temperature pretreatment of biogas substrate by using district heating to increase the biogas production; Hoegtemperaturfoerbehandling av biogassubstrat med fjaerrvaerme foer oekad biogasproduktion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Del Pilar Castillo, Maria; Ascue, Johnny [JTI, Uppsala (Sweden); Olsson, Marcus; Henriksson, Gunilla; Nordman, Roger [SP, Boraas (Sweden)

2011-12-15

In this study, we have shown that pre-heating sludge from a waste water treatment plant can give a higher biogas production rate. However, pretreatment showed no effect on substrate from a biogas plant at the conditions tested in this study. The study has also shown that there is potential of using district heating in the biogas industry for thermal pretreatment of sludge.

Geoscientific programme for investigation and evaluation of candidate sites for the deep repository; Geovetenskapligt inriktat program foer undersoekning och utvaerdering av platser foer djupfoervaret

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stroem, Anders; Almen, K.E.; Andersson, Johan; Christiansson, R.; Follin, S.; Pettersson, Stig; Selroos, J.O

2000-08-01

Methods and technology for the geoscientific studies of the rock are the main subjects for this report, but programmes for studying the surface ecosystems and other conditions at the surface are also described.

Främja medarbetarnas engagemang : Ett ledarskapsverktyg för att öka engagemang och undvika utbrändhet

OpenAIRE

Järnström, Ida

2016-01-01

De senaste åren har engagemang varit ett mycket omtalat ämne, då forskning har visat att engagemang har en positiv inverkan på organisationens framgång. Dagens turbulenta värld tvingar dock organisationerna att kräva högre prestationer av sina medarbetare trots färre resurser, vilket kan resultera i oengagemang och utbrändhet. Detta bekräftas utgående från gallupundersökningar, vilka visar att en endast en liten del av medarbetarna verkligen är engagerade på sina arbetsplatser. Syftet med...

Arbetstidsförkortning : för ökad arbetstillfredsställelse och bättre relationer.

OpenAIRE

Hultberg, Jenny; Klarenius, Karna; Liljekvist, Per

2004-01-01

Bakgrund: Redan på 1700-talet diskuterade Owen att det inte var bra att ha barn som arbetade långa arbetspass i treskift. Detta synsätt införde han på sin fabrik, vilket han fick mycket kritik för. Först 1962 väcktes tanken på 6-timmars arbetsdag i Sverige. Sedan dess har flera försök genomförts bl.a. hos Helsingborgs stads äldreomsorg, äldreomsorgen i Höganäs kommun samt Toyota Center i Mölndal. Problem: Dagens företag är relativt fokuserade på traditionella mått som t.ex. lönsamhet och prod...

Patientstråldosjämförelse vid konventionell urografi och lågdos CT-urografi

OpenAIRE

Gohil, Jignasa; Bertell, Sara

2016-01-01

Röntgensjuksköterskans huvudområde är radiografi som innefattar bland annat användning av joniserande strålning. CT undersökningar av urinvägssystemen och dess funktion ökar. CT ger en högre stråldos till patienter, jämfört med konventionell röntgen, vilket kan medföra olika sorters skador hos den som bestrålats. ALARAprincipen skall användas för att minska joniserande strålning så mycket som möjligt. Studien är utförd på Höglandsjukhuset i Eksjö där de har implementerat lågdosprotokoll på CT...

Rehabilitering efter dekompression och diskoperation - framställandet av en fysioterapeutisk patientanvisning : Ett beställningsarbete av Tölö sjukhus

OpenAIRE

Nyberg, Jasmina

2016-01-01

Examensarbetet är ett praktiskt inriktat examensarbete med fokus på rehabiliteringen efter en dekompressions- och diskoperation. Det är ett beställningsarbete av Tölö sjukhus med syftet att framställa en fysioterapeutisk patientanvisning. Önskemål från uppdragsgivare var att utforma en tydlig patientanvisning för ryggopererade bestående av skriftliga instruktioner angående postoperativ rehabilitering i form av vardagliga aktiviteter, fysisk aktivitet, ryggens viloställningar, vi...

A unit for environmentally adapted technology for transportation of passengers and goods. Individual personal transportation, electric and hybrid vehicles - a preliminary study; Enhet foer miljoeanpassad teknik foer person- och godstransporter - Individuell persontrafik, el- och hybridfordon - Foerstudie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bauner, D; Lumsden, K [Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden). Dept. of Transportation and Logistics

1996-02-01

A unit for environmentally adapted transport at Chalmers Univ of Technology offers the possibility to enhance competence, to bestow decision makers with information and permits working with the processes needed. Regarding electric propulsion road vehicles, such a unit can coordinate the experiences from the Swedish projects. Further, it may maintain a secretariat and a managerial function to the database which will provide information to research councils, transport administrations and other government organizations, cities etc. The unit may also coordinate and submit research results and, in a long-term perspective, establish and administer field and laboratory vehicle testing. The unit may also function as a link between the vehicle industry and environmental organizations. The initial activities should include the establishment of a national database for electric vehicles and a full-time research post. The present study deals with individual personal transportation. Corresponding studies should be carried out for other areas in order to form a consistent profile for the unit. 38 refs

Heating in churches. Heat and moisture transfer simulations for design and climate control; Uppvaermning i kyrkor. Fukt- och vaermetekniska beraekningar foer dimensionering och klimatstyrning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brostroem, T. [KTH College of Engineering, Visby (Sweden)

1996-10-01

This thesis aims to describe heat and moisture transfer in churches, i.e. how the outdoor climate and the building fabric influence the indoor climate. The goal is to provide methods for calculating the heat and moisture transfer that can be used to simulate and control the indoor climate. The methods suggested are developed from the basic relations for heat and mass transfer and then verified in relation to measurements made in five medieval churches. When a church is heated intermittently with a constant heat input, the temperature increases proportionally to the square root of time. In the present work it is shown how this relation can be used to: Determine the total thermal inertia of the building; Calculate heating-up load and the heating times. The design outdoor temperature (DOT) depends on the thermal inertia of the building. It is shown that the method commonly used in Sweden to determine DOT can also be used for buildings with extremely high thermal inertia, such as stone churches. Furthermore, it is shown how internal walls and the insulation of external walls may affect the thermal inertia of the building. Churches built in stone have a great capacity for moisture exchange with the indoor air. This enables them to dampen variations in humidity. It is shown here how the humidity in a church can be calculated as a function of the indoor temperature and the outdoor humidity. There is not enough scientific evidence to determine what constitutes a good indoor climate with respect to damage. It is certain, however, that the variations in relative humidity should be minimized. The heating strategy is crucial in this respect. Permanent heating gives great annual variations, whereas intermittent heating will limit the variations. The above-mentioned calculation methods can be used to predict and control the relative humidity, both annually and during intermittent heating. 87 refs, 133 figs, 13 tabs

Indirect Energy for Road and Railway Transportation in Sweden; Indirekt energi foer svenska vaeg- och jaernvaegstransporter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jonsson, Daniel K.

2005-02-01

Besides energy for propulsion, there are a number of considerable indirect energy categories in the life-cycle of transport systems, e.g. construction and maintenance of infrastructure, and manufacture and service of vehicles. Indirect energy represents 64-66% of the total amount of energy used in the railway sector, while the corresponding share in the road sector is 42-45%. Consequently, decision-making and planning processes regarding transport infrastructure and environmental impacts should also consider indirect energy-use. Two energy case studies have been carried through; the railroad project Botniabanan in the north of Sweden, and the motorway tunnel Soedra Laenken in Stockholm. The result for Botniabanan corresponds with the Swedish railroad average, but Botniabanan contributes to decreased energy use in the transport sector as a whole. The infra structural energy use for Soedra Laenken is considerably higher than the Swedish road average. Soedra Laenken also contributes to an increase of the energy use in the transport sector as a whole.

BENZYLIDENESALICYLOYLHYDRAZINATO- N,OTIN(IV] (R = OCH3, Br, N(CH32 AND THEIR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N. V. Shmatkova

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The complexes [SnCl4(2-OH-HB-4R-b] ·CH3CN (R = 4-OCH3 (І, 4-Br(II were obtained by interaction of SnCl4 with salicyloylhydrazones 4–R- benzaldehydes (2-OH-HB-4R-b in acetonitrile. The composition and structure (O(C=O-N(CH=N – the coordination of ligand’s amide form were established by element analysis methods, conductometry, thermogravimetry and IR spectroscopy. It was studied the anti-inflammatory activity of (I, II and previously synthesized, structurally characterized [SnCl4(2-OH-HB-4R-b∙H] (R=N (CH32 (III in model of aseptic carrageenan induced swelling, and it is shown that compound (II demonstrates the highest activity.

Volkswagen - Ett globalt fusk : En deskriptiv studie om biljättens utsläppsskandal och dess påverkan

OpenAIRE

Edlund, Erik; de Bourgh, Oscar

2016-01-01

Genom åren har ett flertal bolag världen över involverats i olika slags skandaler, en del som rena brott och andra som skylls på misstag eller olyckshändelser. Några av det större slaget är t.ex. BP-skandalen där miljontals fat med olja läckte ut i mexikanska golfen, detta skylldes på en olyckshändelse. Andra exempel är Enron som gjorde ett rent bedrägeri i form av bokföringsbrott eller Stora Enso som sysslade med barnarbete i utvecklingsländer, vilket blossade upp som en skandal i form av bo...

 Svensk företagsetablering i Dubai :   - en studie om företagens motiv och processer

OpenAIRE

Thaqi, Alban; Edvinsson, Sandra

2010-01-01

Inledning Ett ökat intresse för globalisering har gjort att företag söker sig till nya marknader kontinuerligt, svenska företag utgör inget undantag. En mycket aktuell marknad för utlandsetablering är Dubai. Från att ha varit ett litet fisk- och pärlsamhälle är det idag ett globalt center för affärer som attraherar aktörer från hela världen. Syfte Syftet med studien är att undersöka varför samt hur svenska företag väljer att etablera sig i Dubai. Metod Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod...

RDandD Programme 2010. Programme for research, development and demonstration of methods for the management and disposal of nuclear waste; Fud-program 2010. Program foer forskning, utveckling och demonstration av metoder foer hantering och slutfoervaring av kaernavfall

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2010-09-15

The RD and D programme 2010 gives an account of SKB's plans for research, development and demonstration during the period 2011-2016. SKB's activities are divided into two main areas - the programme for Low and Intermediate Level Waste (the Loma program) and the Nuclear Fuel Program. The RD and D Programme 2010 consists of five parts: Part I: Overall Plan, Part II: Loma program, Part III: Nuclear Fuel Program, Part IV: Research on analysis of long-term safety, Part V: Social Science Research. The 2007 RD and D programme was focused primarily on technology development to realize the final repository for spent nuclear fuel. The actions described were aimed at increasing awareness of long-term safety and to obtain technical data for application under the Nuclear Activities Act for the final repository for spent fuel and under the Environmental Code of the repository system. Many important results from these efforts are reported in this program. An overall account of the results will be given in the Licensing application in early 2011. The authorities' review of RD and D programme in 2007 and completion of the program called for clarification of plans and programs for the final repository for short-lived radioactive waste, SFR, and the final repository for waste, SFL. This RD and D program describes these plans in a more detailed way

Structure of X-ray photoelectron spectra of low-energy and core electrons of Ln(C6H4OCH3COO-3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teterin Yury A.

2005-01-01

Full Text Available This paper deals with the results of an X-ray photo electron spectroscopy of lanthanide ortho-metoxybenzoates Ln(C6H4OCH3COO-3, where Ln represents lanthanides La through Lu except for Pm and C6H4OCH3COO- - residuum of ortho-metoxybenzoic acid. The core and outer electron X-ray photo electron spectroscopy spectra in the binding energy range of 0-1250 eV were shown to exhibit a complex, fine structure. The said structure was established due to the outer (0-15 eV binding energy and inner (15-50 eV binding energy valence molecular orbital from the filled Ln5p and O2s atomic shells multiple splitting, many-body perturbation, dynamic effect, etc. The mechanisms of such a fine structure formation were shown to manifest different probabilities in the spectrum of a certain electronic shell. There fore, the fine X-ray photo electron spectroscopy spectral structure resulting from a certain mechanism can be interpreted and its quantitative parameters related to the physical and chemical properties of the studied com pounds (degree of delocalization and participation of Ln4f electrons in the chemical bond, electronic configuration and oxidation states, density of uncoupled electrons on paramagnetic ions, degree of participation of the low binding energy filled electronic shells of lanthanide and ligands information of the outer and in nervalence molecular orbitals, lanthanide close environment structure in amorphous materials, etc.

Insamling av geografisk information med UAV över området Stomsjö i Värnamo kommun : En effektiv arbetsmetod för kartering i 2D och 3D samt dokumentation av arbetsgång och kvalitetssäkring av geografisk information

OpenAIRE

Bauner, Mikael

2017-01-01

I detta examensarbetesprojekt genomfördes en flygkartering över deponiområdet Stomsjö i Värnamo kommun, mha. en drönare, eller den i detta sammanhang mer använda benämningen UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). Värnamo kommuns tekniska avdelning var i behov av beräkning av massor vid deponin, ett område på ca 15 hektar samt modellering av densamma. Den låga kostnaden för inköp av UAV och programvara motiverade kommunen att driva egen verksamhet jämfört med att köpa tjänsterna från konsulter. Projek...

Prerequisites concerning SSI:s review of applications for an encapsulation facility and a repository for spent nuclear fuel; Utgaangspunkter foer SSI:s granskning av ansoekan foer en inkapslingsanlaeggning och ett slutfoervar foer anvaent kaernbraensle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oehlen, Elisabeth

2006-09-15

The report outlines some fundamental prerequisites concerning SSI:s review of SKB coming applications for an encapsulation facility (according to the act on nuclear activities) and for the complete final disposal system (according to the act on nuclear activities and the environmental code). The report summarize how the SSI look at the decision making process considering radiation protection requirements according to SSI:s regulations and general advices and earlier standpoints regarding SKB:s RandD-programme. The report also describe the present reviewing capacity of SSI and constitute therefore the basis for the planning of SSI:s review organisation in the prospect of coming applications on nuclear waste facilities (encapsulation facility and a deep disposal repository). It should be noted that the report reflects the present situation. Due to a number of factors as for example changes in SKB:s coming RandD-programme, future governmental decisions, adjustments of SSI:s financial resources or new facts in the case, will of course have an effect on how SSI finally will organise the review work. SSI:s home page will continuously be updated with the latest information in this respect.

Koolipärimuse kogumisest Noarootsis ja Vormsis 2006. aasta kevadel : Rootsi-Eesti lastenaljade kogumik Det var en ko och det var poängen / Piret Voolaid

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Voolaid, Piret, 1971-

2007-01-01

Autor käsitleb artiklis Ahvenamaa Põhjamaade Instituudi (Nordens Institut på Åland) eestvedamisel korraldatud lastepärimuse projekti, mille käigus koguti koolipärimust Soomest Ahvenamaalt ja Rootsist Gotlandilt ning Eestist endistelt rannarootsi aladelt. Kogutu põhjal ilmus rootsikeelne antoloogiline naljakogumik Det var en ko och det var poängen. Artiklis keskendutakse välitööde kogumismetoodikale ja tulemustele Eestis. Välitööd toimusid Noarootsi Koolis ja Vormsi Põhikoolis

Pulsmätning och stegräkning från Android Wear : Utveckling av en applikation för att spara mätdata

OpenAIRE

Lund, Fredrik

2016-01-01

Detta examensarbete beskriver utvecklingen av en applikation för att överföra data från en Android Wear smartklocka till en Android smarttelefon som sedan skickar datan vidare till en server. Servern sätter in datan i en MySQL-databas. Android Wear smartklockornas sensorer undersöks även. Smartklockorna har sensorer för stegräkning och pulsmätning. I examensarbetet beskrivs det hur sensorerna fungerar. Därtill genomgås Androids historia i korta drag samt basfunktionerna i Android operativsyst...

Combustion plants and the Water Framework Directive. Methodology for consequence assessment; Vaermeanlaeggningar och Vattendirektivet. Metodik foer konsekvensbedoemning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rossander, Annelie; Andersson, Jonas; Axby, Fredrik; Schultz, Emma; Persson, Maarten; Svaerd, Sara [Carl Bro AB, Kristianstad (Sweden)

2007-04-15

The project can be regarded as a natural continuation to the Vaermeforsk project M4-324 by Axby and Hansson: 'Practical consequences of the Water Framework Directive implementation for combustion plants - New water cleaning technologies and methods for improvement of effluent discharges'. The six different combustion plants studied in this project have been chosen mainly on the basis of their varying size, fuel, cleaning equipment and recipient. The significance of water as a finite resource in the global ecosystems has been more pronounced recently. In the light of the growing stresses on the water resources the European Parliament accepted the Water Framework Directive in year 2000. The main purpose with the directive is to achieve and preserve a 'good water status', among other things through a long term protection of available water resources. Enclosure X of the Framework Directive contains a list of chemical substances where 33 'prioritized substances' and 'prioritized, dangerous substances' are specified. The objective of the list is to reduce the discharges of prioritized substances, and to fully eliminate the prioritized, dangerous substances both from industry and other contexts. Twelve of the substances mentioned on the prioritized list can or could be found in the water coming out from combustion plants. A predominant part of these substances are to be totally phased out in the foreseeable future according to the Water Directive. This can result in restrictions in the permissions to let out water from combustion plants to the surroundings. The substances concerned are the heavy metals lead, cadmium, mercury and nickel, both as pure substances and included in compounds, as well as a number of different polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The intent of the project has been to use an accepted computational model to create an analytic method (an ecotoxicological risk assessment), with the aim to meet the new requirements from the Water Framework Directive. The method was created for and in cooperation with plant owners. The result is a model to analyze the stress on the recipient caused by the discharges from the plant. Within the project samples of water from the plants and the recipient have been taken out and analyzed. In the evaluation step of the project a comparison has also been made between results from the analyzes and values measured according to the ordinary control program of the plants. The current test procedures at the plants are considered as sufficient regarding metals, but should be extended with PAH analysis. Through an ecotoxicological risk assessment of the discharged water from a plant the plants real influence on the recipient can be mapped. Based on this risk assessment an estimation of the possible future water fees which the plant could be ordered to pay can also be made. The preparation of the Frame Water Directive is an ongoing process, which will continue until year 2015. The Frame Water Directive of today does not constitute any hindrance to the activities pursued at the examined plants. If the further development of the directive involves stricter discharge limits, most of the plants will manage this with their current production and water purification equipment, at least regarding their discharge of metals. When it comes to a possible PAH occurrence in the discharged water, it is uncertain what the ecotoxicological consequences are.

Market prospects for SNG in Sweden and in Europe; Marknadsfoerutsaettningar foer SNG i Sverige och i Europa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Colmsjoe, Linda; Nilsson, Ronny (Grontmij AB (Sweden))

2009-06-15

Gas produced by gasification of biomass can be up-graded to so called SNG (Substitute Natural Gas) that can be jointly distributed in the natural gas grid. Sweden is in a favourable position to develop technology for production of SNG due to vast resources of suitable biofuels and crops. However, the possibilities to distribute SNG in Sweden are limited due to the fact that the natural gas grid is built out only in the Southern parts of the country. The Swedish natural gas grid is anyhow integrated to together with the European natural gas grid, which is essentially integrated over the national borders. A previous study reveals a lack of knowledge concerning means of control for promotion of SNG in other European countries and to what extent they can be used to stimulate the use of SNG and crossborder trade of SNG. Increased use of SNG, by utilisation of the existing infrastructure for natural gas is expected to significantly contribute to the EU targets for increased use of renewable energy, mitigation of greenhouse gases and improvement of supply of energy. The aim of this study is to analyse requirements for distribution of SNG, produced in Sweden, on the European market. The study comprises a comparison of means of control and promotion of renewable energy in other EU-countries influence on conditions for production of SNG in Sweden for use in transport, industry and the energy sector in Denmark, Germany, Netherlands and Great Britain as examples. Of special interest is to illustrate the possibilities to analyse the applicability of so called Green Gas, which is if SNG might be distributed in optional delivery points in the whole of the integrated European natural gas grid, independent of if such gas physically can reach the actual delivery points, as is the fact for Green Electricity. The comparison of the countries shows different conditions, both concerning the markets for gas and the ambitions of the different countries to development and utilisation of renewable gas in different sectors. The use of biogas is in great extent concentrated to production of electricity and heat in all of the countries but a development towards a more diversified utilisation, which predominantly mean increased use for transports is ongoing in Netherlands, Germany and Sweden. In these countries there are explicit ambitions to support the development and the ambitions are supported by adapted means of control. In Denmark and Great Britain the means of control mainly is directed on production of renewable electricity while there still appears to be uncertainties concerning support for use of SNG for transports or for joint distribution of SNG in the natural gas grid. Comparative estimations have been performed with the aim of demonstrate the highest production cost for SNG to be competitive in relation to fossil fuels. The estimations illustrate for the combined heat and power sector that SNG has the best possibilities to be competitive in relation to natural gas in the combined heat and power sector in Denmark and Great Britain. The competitiveness for SNG towards heating oil is relatively fair in all countries except Netherlands. The competitiveness towards natural gas is fair in Denmark and Sweden but poorer in other countries. For industrial use SNG is uncompetitive towards neither natural gas nor oil, because of strongly subsidised energy taxation for the industry in all of the countries in the study. SNG has a considerable competitive advantage towards petrol. Natural gas used as a motor fuel has a considerable fiscal advantage towards petrol in all countries except Denmark. Because SNG used as a motor fuel is imposed with the same taxes as natural gas in both Denmark, Great Britain and Netherlands the competitiveness is low towards natural gas in these countries. In these countries there is also no or very limited infrastructure for gaseous motor fuels. The support systems which exist in Germany and Netherlands have been implemented to increase production of renewable fuels, thus to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The support systems are expressively aimed to promote utilisation of biogas to stimulate investments in new production capacity or to support investments directly. The support is especially directed on digestion of manure and agricultural residues to achieve the double effect of mitigation of emissions of carbon dioxide from combustion and mitigation of methane from agriculture. In neither the literature studies performed nor by the contacts taken with trade associations in the actual countries during the study indicate that the systems for support of renewable energy in respective country would be applicable on imported SNG. Potential estimations from respective country shows in each and every case great potential for production of biogas and upgrading to SNG that not yet are exploited.

Combined bio and solar heating system. Handbook for system design; Kombinerade bio- och solvaermesystem. Handbok foer systemutformning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Persson, Tomas

2008-11-15

The purpose of this report is to compile the knowledge available concerning combined pellets and solar system in order to support companies in their systems design. This publication deals with experience gained in research on solar and pellet heating, and gives proposals to system design, various technical solutions, and how systems should be controlled. When solar and pellets are combined, there are many possibilities to interconnect the systems. There are different traditions in different countries, which makes the system solutions vary from country to country. A general conclusion is that conventional Swedish boilers with built-in hot water heater are not appropriate for conventional solar systems. It gives rise to complex solutions and it is difficult to achieve good stratification in the water tank. In a solar system, it is important that the tank can be discharged in such a way that sharp stratification is obtained. This means that the tank bottom must be chilled to the temperature of incoming cold water and that the middle part must be cooled to the same temperature as the radiator return. If solar panels even in winter can work to preheat the cold water of 10 to 20 C, a much better efficiency is obtained on collectors than if the radiator return must be preheated, which at best is at a temperature level of between 30 and 40 C. To this end, the radiator return is placed well up from the bottom of the tank and the tap water is preheated in a loop that starts in the tank bottom. Another important parameter in the tank design is that heat losses are kept low, it is important that the solar heat can produce the hot water even during overcast periods in summer and to keep energy consumption low. In modern houses where the tank is placed in the living area, it is important to avoid high temperatures in the room where the tank is placed. To obtain a good isolation one must ensure that there is an airtight layer across the isolation that also closes tightly against connections. Involuntary self-circulation in connecting circuits capable of cooling and mix the tank is prevented by check valves. In the design of the solar collector system it is important that overheating and stagnation can be met without glycol degradation or other damage. Partial evaporation allows the fluid to boil in a controlled way so that only vapor remains in the solar collectors. The liquid is collected in a major expansion tank and the system is refilled when the liquid condenses. Drainage system with water only is also an possibility, but requires greater care in the design to avoid breaking from freezing. Pellet stoves provides good comfort and low electricity demand in electrically heated houses with an open plan, i e. if the heat from the stove can spread to all rooms. Even in low energy houses, the air heater may be appropriate. In houses with more enclosed layout, a water tank-equipped stove and a water-based heating system are necessary. It is important that such systems are designed correctly to achieve good heating comfort and low electricity consumption

Energy Efficiency and Conservation for Households - an Internet Site; Energispartips och energitester foer hushaall - en Internet hemsida

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2009-07-01

This Internet site gives advice for energy conservation in households e.g. on space heating, lighting et cetera. You can also find energy tests of electric appliances, energy impacts of life styles, contact information for your local energy advisor and other information

Technology and costs for decommissioning Swedish nuclear power plants; Teknik och kostnader foer rivning av svenska kaernkraftverk

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hedin, Gunnar; Gustavsson, Boerje [Westinghouse Electric Sweden AB, Vaesteraas (Sweden); Carlsson, Jan [Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co., Stockholm (Sweden)

2004-06-01

SKB has already performed three studies on available technology and approximate costs for decommissioning Swedish NPPs (years 1986, 1994 and 2000). The present report is an update of the year 2000 report with emphasis on areas that have been studied since the publication of that report. The report also gives a review of the technologies that have been chosen for decommissioning the Swedish reactors. The cost-estimation has also been updated and indexed to the present monetary situation. Areas in need for further studies are pointed in the report.

Requirements for drilling and disposal in deep boreholes; Foerutsaettningar foer borrning av och deponering i djupa borrhaal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oden, Anders [QTOB, Haesselby (Sweden)

2013-09-15

In this report experience from drilling at great depth in crystalline rock is compiled based on project descriptions, articles and personal contacts. Rock mechanical effects have been analyzed. The report also describes proposals made by SKB and other agencies regarding the disposal of and closure of deep boreholes. The combination of drilling deep with large diameter in crystalline rocks have mainly occurred in various research projects, such as in the German KTB project. Through these projects and the increased interest in recent years for geothermal energy , today's equipment is expected to be used to drill 5000 m deep holes , with a hole diameter of 445 mm , in crystalline rock. Such holes could be used for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel. With the deposition technique recently described by Sandia National Laboratories in USA, SKB estimates that it might be possible to implement the disposal to 5000 m depth. Considering the actual implementation, drilling and disposal, and the far-reaching requirements on nuclear safety and radiation protection, it is considered an important risk getting stuck with the capsule-string, or part of it, above deposition zone without being able to get it loose. In conclusion, even if the drilling and the deposit would succeed there remains to verify that the drill holes with the deposited canisters meet the initial requirements and is long-term safe.

Environmental guidelines for reuse of ash in civil engineering applications - including criteria for Sb and As; Miljoeriktlinjer foer askanvaendning i anlaeggningsbyggande - inklusive haltkriterier foer Sb och As

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bendz, David; Wik, Ola (Swedish Geotechnical Inst., Linkoeping (Sweden)); Jones, Celia; Pettersson, Michael; Elert, Mark (Kemakta, Stockholm (Sweden))

2009-07-15

Swedish producers, authorities and users have acknowledged the need for common environmental guidelines for residues. The objective of this project has been to develop a proposal for common environmental guidelines for reuse of ash in civil engineering applications. The project has a narrow risk assessment with application on an strictly nearfield, local perspective and focus on a limited set of substances. Health aspects for construction workers are not covered in the project. The starting point in the risk assessment is the assumption that ashes may be used just like any conventional construction material. Special requirements or regulations regarding precautionary actions in the handling of ashes, regarding the site or surroundings will be avoided. The guiding principle has been the precautionary principle: reuse of ash is acceptable only if it constitute an insignificant risk to health and environment. The calculations are based on defined emission- and exposure scenarios. The concept of insignificant risk imply that the impact in the defined points of compliance does not exceed established health- and environmental criteria. The model address health risks associated with spreading of particles and exposure by dust, oral intake, dermal contact and intake by vegetables or wild grown berries and consumption of ground water. Off-site environmental effects in surface waters and in soil as well as health- and environmental risks in the post use phase are also considered. Exposure by dust is addressed in the same way as in the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency's guidelines for contaminated soil [12]. The guidelines values for exposure by dust, oral intake, dermal contact and intake by vegetables or wild grown berrys are total content, whereas the guidelines for exposure by consumption of ground water or environmental effects in surface waters are based on leaching properties of the ash. The guidelines rely on a conceptual model, defined emissions and exposure scenarios including exposure pathways and points of compliance. Risk evaluation becomes an issue of comparing the estimated (-modeled) increased concentrations at specified target points with general human and environmental toxicological criteria. Guidelines have been calculated for two different types of constructions, with or without an impermeable (asphalt-) pavement that prevents rain water from infiltrating into the road. Also the possible exposure of intruding ground water has been taken into account. A set of ashes, for which data on total content and leachability was available in the ALLASKA and MALTE database, have been classified according to three categories of applications/situations. The results show that due to lack of data it could not be assessed whether naphthalene, bens(a)pyren and selen in ashes imply an insignificant risk or not. Cadmium, copper, chromium, mercury, molybdenum, nickel and zinc generally shows a large margin to the calculated guidelines for total content and leachability for most ashes. Thus, ashes in constructions constitute an acceptable risk with respect to these elements. Antimony and lead in ashes fall above the guideline values for leaching in some cases. The total content of arsenic in many ashes exceeds the guideline values when used in an unpaved construction even when taking the oral bioavailabity of arsenic in ashes in consideration. To a lesser extent this also holds for total content of lead. Accordingly, it can not be excluded that the reuse of some ashes in some applications may imply a certain risk. Spreading as dust, deposition on vegetables and the subsequent intake has reveled itself as an important exposure pathway. Little data, theory and models are available on dust generation and transport, the calculations made here are rough and conservative. Also, guidelines for the ash construction left in place in the post use phase are difficult to determine. The health risk associated with intake of vegetables and accidentally oral intake are crucial. In both cases arsenic sets the limits. Toxicological criteria can be critical and choosing toxicological based criteria instead of current drinking water limits reduces calculated risks with antimony. In Sweden discrete risk factors are used for evaluating drinking water compared other exposure pathways for arsenic. A practice that has an significant effect on calculated risks. Model calculations indicate that fluoride constitute only an insignificant risk. Chloride and sulfate in ashes may, depending on the construction, constitute a certain effect with respect to the drinking water quality in a local well. The comparison between the calculated guideline values and the ash data that was available showed that the majority of the ashes could be used in a road construction without implying a significant risk to health or environment.

Framework for detailed studies on the construction and operation of repositories for spent nuclear fuel; Ramprogram foer detaljundersoekningar vid uppfoerande och drift av slutfoervar foer anvaent kaernbraensle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2010-10-15

This report presents a programme for the detailed investigations planned to be applied during construction and operation of the repository for spent nuclear fuel at Forsmark. The report is part of SKB's application according to the Nuclear Activities Act. The detailed investigations shall provide relevant data on and site-descriptive models for the bedrock, soil deposits and eco-system of the site in order to facilitate a step-wise design and construction of the final repository. This shall be implemented in a manner that all demands on long-term safety are fulfilled, including accurate documentation of the construction work, and so that assessments of the environmental impact of the repository can be made. For the operational phase, the detailed investigations should also provide support to the deposition process with related decisions, thereby enabling fulfilment of the design premises for the siting and construction of deposition tunnels and deposition holes, as well as for deposition of canisters, and for the subsequent backfilling and closure of the repository. The Observational Method will be applied during the construction of the repository. This method entails establishing in advance acceptable limits of behaviour regarding selected geoscientific parameters and preparing a plan with measures to keep the outcome within these limits. Predictions of expected rock properties are established for each tunnel section. The outcome after excavation is compared with the acceptable range of outcomes. Information from detailed characterization will be of essential importance for application of the Observational Method and for adapting the repository to the prevailing rock properties. SKB has for the past several decades developed methods for site characterisation, applying both above- and underground investigation techniques. Experiences from this work, put into practice during the site investigations, has resulted in a solid knowledge and understanding of the bedrock conditions at Forsmark. The detailed investigations will employ, apart from established and earlier practiced methods, also further refined and newly developed techniques and methods for investigations and modelling. The report describes the present status for investigation and modelling methodology and techniques and also provides an overview of currently planned method developments. The report also presents a proposed scenario for how the detailed investigations, in light of presently available knowledge and techniques, should be conducted. Starting points for the investigation programme in this context are the reference design of the facility and remaining uncertainties associated with the site descriptive model and underground design. The scenario high-lights those investigations which, more or less as a matter of routine work, will be performed closely coordinated with the progression of the underground excavation work. The investigations related to the development of the deposition areas will primarily be linked to the sequences pilot drilling followed by excavation of deposition tunnels, and pilot drilling with subsequent full-face drilling of deposition holes. Continuous supervision of the fulfilment of design premises and documentation of the facility are in this context important issues. Information acquired during the construction process will also provide the substantial basis for the assessment of the long-term safety of the final repository. Further, it is emphasised in the report that supplementary investigations will be performed, if the information in any respect is regarded as insufficient. Such investigations may as well be performed from the ground surface. The final repository will in different ways have an impact on the surrounding environment. Monitoring of such changes is therefore an important and integral part of the detailed investigations. Until the construction work for the final repository is initiated, the detailed investigation programme will be modified and made more circumstantial, including results of planned developments . These updates will be accounted for in ensuing versions of the programme

Characterization of a distonic isomer C6H5C+(OH)OCH2 of methyl benzoate radical cation by associative ion-molecule reactions

Science.gov (United States)

Dechamps, Noémie; Flammang, Robert; Gerbaux, Pascal; Nam, Pham-Cam; Nguyen, Minh Tho

2006-03-01

The C6H5C+(OH)OCH2 radical cation, formally a distonic isomer of ionized methyl benzoate, has been prepared by dissociative ionization of neopentyl benzoate, as earlier suggested by Audier et al. [H.E. Audier, A. Milliet, G. Sozzi, S. Hammerum, Org. Mass. Spectrom. 25 (1990) 44]. Its distonic character has now been firmly established by its high reactivity towards neutral methyl isocyanide (ionized methylene transfer) producing N-methyl ketenimine ions. Other mass spectrometric experiments and ab initio quantum chemical calculations also concur with each other pointing toward the existence of a stable distonic radical cation.

Överensstämmelsen mellan ett företags önskade employer brand och den faktiska uppfattningen bland de anställda.

OpenAIRE

Leander, Kajsa; Johannesson, Maria

2013-01-01

Employer branding (som kan ses som ett företags arbetsgivarvarumärke) är ett begrepp som det under det senaste decenniet riktats mycket uppmärksamhet mot och i denna uppsats undersöks hur ett företags önskade interna employer brand överensstämmer med uppfattningen de anställda har om företaget i fråga. För att undersöka den interna uppfattningen har en kvantitativ undersökning genomförts i form av enkäter som sedan kompletterats med en kvalitativ undersökning bestående av intervjuer för att p...

1+1=3? : en studie om co-branding och dess påverkan på ett varumärkes värde

OpenAIRE

Lindberg, Ida; Andersson, Sandra

2008-01-01

Co-branding, vilket är en typ av varumärkessamarbete, har på senare tid blivit en populär strategi i strävan efter att skapa ett högre värde för konsumenten samt nå fördelar så som ökade intäkter samt möjligheten att skapa och attrahera lojala kunder. Dock finns det siffror som pekar på att många co-brandingsamarbeten misslyckas. Mot denna bakgrund har syftet med denna studie varit att, utifrån lojala kunders perspektiv, undersöka vilken påverkan ett varumärkessamarbete av typen co-branding k...

Familjearbetaren hos en ensamförsörjare : en kvalitativ studie om ensamförsörjarens livssituation och hur familjearbetet påverkas

OpenAIRE

Sjöblom, Mikaela; Azimi, Diana

2013-01-01

Syftet med vårt lärdomsprov är att redogöra för familjearbetarnas åsikter om familjearbetet har specifika drag i utförandet av det hos familjer med en försörjare. I teoridelen tas det upp om familjepolitiken i Finland, familjearbete samt om hur en ensamförsörjares livssituation kan se ut. I undersökningen använde vi oss av kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer. Undersökningspersonerna bestod av åtta familjearbetare från fyra olika kommuner. Intervjuerna gjordes både i grupper och som individue...

Tack, men nej tack : En undersökning om Online Behavioral Advertising och dess förhållande till blockeringstjänster

OpenAIRE

Holgersson, Pontus; Haglund, Martin

2015-01-01

Online Behavioral Advertising betyder att man spårar användares beteende över Internet för att kunna skapa skräddarsydda annonser till användare baserat på deras internetaktiviteter. Det är kostnadseffektivt och ger möjlighet för företag att skapa relevanta annonser för internetanvändare. Online Behavioral Advertising möts ofta av motstånd eftersom att företag inkräktar på den personliga integriteten när man samlar in information om människor för att skapa annonser. Samtidigt har användandet ...

Rotational Spectrum, Conformational Composition, and Quantum Chemical Calculations of Cyanomethyl Formate (HC(O)OCH2C≡N), a Compound of Potential Astrochemical Interest.

Science.gov (United States)

Samdal, Svein; Møllendal, Harald; Carles, Sophie

2015-08-27

The rotational spectrum of cyanomethyl formate (HC(O)OCH2C≡N) has been recorded in the 12–123 GHz spectral range. The spectra of two conformers were assigned. The rotamer denoted I has a symmetry plane and two out-of plane hydrogen atoms belonging to the cyanomethyl (CH2CN) moiety. In the conformer called II, the cyanomethyl group is rotated 80.3° out of this plane. Conformer I has an energy that is 1.4(6) kJ/mol lower than the energy of II according to relative intensity measurements. A large number of rotational transitions have been assigned for the ground and vibrationally excited states of the two conformers and accurate spectroscopic constants have been obtained. These constants should predict frequencies of transitions outside the investigated spectral range with a very high degree of precision. It is suggested that cyanomethyl formate is a potential interstellar compound. This suggestion is based on the fact that its congener methyl formate (HC(O)OCH3) exists across a large variety of interstellar environments and the fact that cyanides are very prevalent in the Universe. The experimental work has been augmented by high-level quantum chemical calculations. The CCSD/cc-pVQZ calculations are found to predict structures of the two forms that are very close to the Born–Oppenheimer equilibrium structures. MP2/cc-pVTZ predictions of several vibration–rotation interaction constants were generally found to be rather inaccurate. A gas-phase reaction between methyl formate and the cyanomethyl radical CH2CN to produce a hydrogen atom and cyanomethyl formate was mimicked using MP2/cc-pVTZ calculations. It was found that this reaction is not favored thermodynamically. It is also conjectured that the possible formation of cyanomethyl formate might be catalyzed and take place on interstellar particles.

Electricity utilization for ventilation purposes in new and old offices; Elanvaendning foer ventilation i nya och gamla kontor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Westerberg, J. [Stockholm Univ. (Sweden)

1995-12-31

The consumption of electric power for ventilation purposes in new office buildings is compared with an investigation made 1990-91. This study will be used in two planning scenarios, `frozen efficiency` and BaU (Business as Usual). With the technology of 1980s the power used for ventilation will increase from 190 GWh in 1991 to 210 GWh in the year 2010. The technology of the 1990s will give an increase to 205 GWh in the year 2010. 21 refs, 21 figs, 2 tabs

Time for final disposal of nuclear waste - society, technology and nature; Tid foer slutfoervaring. Samhaelle, teknik och natur

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Forsling, Willis; Andersson-Skog, Lena; Haenninen, Hannu; Knutsson, Gert; Ma ttsson, Soeren; Stigh, Jimmy; Soederberg, Olof; Bolin, Bert; Nordlund, Erling

2007-05-15

This report consists of a number of independent contribution that treat different aspects of the nuclear waste complex, with the time perspective as a common starting point. The review does not pretend to cover the entire area, but the selected issues addressed are those of large general interest. First a general overview is given of how the nuclear waste issue has been treated in Sweden since the plans to use nuclear power begun be planned in the middle of the 1940s. The complex of problem around the nuclear waste issue is linked to our natural aversion against the development of nuclear weapons during they last 60-70 years, but also to the controversies around the peaceful use of the nuclear power that has happened during the latest 30-40 years. In chapters 3 the time perspective is considerably shorter, approximately 20 years. Here, construction and operation of an underground repository for nuclear waste is discussed. Such an undertaking has many resemblances with establishing an underground mine and there is much experience to learn from. In chapters 4 questions about the technical barriers are treated, the copper container, bentonite buffer and the backfilling. The copper container and bentonite buffer both have key roles to prevent ground water to come in contact with the spent fuel and that radioactivity is transported out into the environment. They must both fulfil their functions during the period when the fuel is dangerous, i.e. over 100,000 years. Different processes affects the repository, some during short periods, some during several 10,000 years. Specific intervals (from 10 years and up to 100,000 years) are indicated for the different processes, almost all with the starting point at the deposition of the waste. The possibility to gain experiences from natural analogies is treated in chapters 5. They can be seen as a prolonged experiment in natural systems where one reactor zone has been active for more than 100,000 years. The time perspective stretches itself millions of years backward in the time. In chapters 6, Geologic development, time periods on millions years backward are considered. Crystals that formed more than 1,700 million years ago can be studied today. The future climate development is an increasingly central question in the debate. The climate is governed of an ensemble of interacting astronomical factors that vary on time scales from 10,000- 100,000 years, and changes in the atmosphere's carbon dioxide concentration happen on time scales from 100 to a few thousand years, and may be caused of the man and/or nature.

Energy and Security: future-oriented studies for the Swedish Armed Forces; Energi och saekerhet: framtidsinriktade omvaerldsanalyser foer Foersvarsmakten

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oestensson, Malin; Jonsson, Daniel K.; Magnusson, Roger; Dreborg, Karl Henrik

2009-01-15

The report provides a basis for the Armed Forces long-term planning, and how changes in the global energy supply may mean new challenges and threats, as well as the advantages and disadvantages that can be associated with different future energy solutions for Armed Forces own activities, primarily relating to fuel and power during operation. One conclusion is that the potential conflict between energy security and climate-security can lead to far-reaching security implications and that continued global fossil dependency contributes to increased safety of political and military focus on a number of potential conflicts. A new such area may be the Arctic, as in the wake of climate change will become available for exploitation. Large scale global renewable energy can bring greater geographical spread - and reduced pressure on existing 'hot-spots'. Nuclear power is unlikely to be influential in the overall global energy security, but security problems associated with the production of nuclear materials can spread and be strengthened. Furthermore, the energy problems of connected to gaps between rich and poor, which may lead to social friction and conflict. The trend toward increased nationalisation and politicization of the energy is in contrast to free trade and market liberalism and may lead to further militarization of energy resources. Bilateral energy contracts may result in division within the EU and create a hindrance to joint positions and actions, such as in international efforts. As for Armed Forces own future energy solutions, the knowledge of alternative fuels (eg alcohols, diesel variants, gaseous fuels) and energy converters (eg hybrid vehicles, fuel cells) is reviewed. The following alternative principle solutions fuel and power are discussed: 1. Power from small-scale electricity generation via solar cells and small wind farms and power stations with liquid fuel as a supplement. Transport with plug-in hybrid vehicles, i.e. liquid propellants in combination nation with electric. 2. Liquid fuels for vehicles and for the power and heat generation with different fractions of renewable liquid fuel. 3. Fuel cells for power and operation of vehicles (hydrogen or other hydrogen-rich fuel). A more efficient use of energy should be the primary starting point for then balance the environmental, safety, cost effectiveness and operational requirements. The defense-related energy research should ultimately evolve to energy futures and environment analyses and interact with the technical research on energy, but the directions are carried out as separate project areas, since time perspectives, the interaction partners and beneficiaries of research are often different. External assessments should have a security policy focus on the longer term, but stress defense-specific challenges and requirements for new talents in the medium long term. As for Armed Forces own energy solutions, the research on one side to deal with both existing operational requirements and future challenges, the the other, both in Sweden and in international operations, which may require different approaches

Process and sensor diagnostic: Data reconciliation for a flue gas channel; Process- och sensordiagnostik: Dataaaterfoerening foer ett roekgastaag

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Karlsson, Christer; Dahlquist, Erik [Maelardalen Univ., Vaesteraas (Sweden). Dept. of Public Technology

2003-10-01

The project has shown that model-based data reconciliation can be used in heat and power plants, but it needs support of soft sensors. Generally power plants are not equipped with more sensors than required by control systems, environment and financial reports. Soft sensors are needed to compensate for lack of redundancy in mass-flow sensors. Redundancy makes it possible to isolate gross errors. The smallest error needed to be determined sets the requirement on the process model accuracy. Tools available today from this project are; classification of different process sections with redundancy analysis and gross error detection. Quantification of the errors with the mass balance model has not been successful and this part needs further development. Theoretical comparison of the three different methods presented resulted in favour of data reconciliation based on a mass balance model. The mass balance model has a structure based on physical reality. The searches for gross errors are transparent to the user. It can handle sensor failure. The statistical linear model is preferred for smaller process sections when transparency is not needed and focus is on fast, simple and cheap implementation. Data reconciliation based on steady-state energy balance has the same origin as the mass balance model. Data reconciliation based on energy balance is harder to compute and its sensors difficult to classify. The drawback is complexity, but the strength is that the large number of temperature sensors can be used in the data reconciliation. Large gross errors are detected and quantified for most process mass flows with acceptable accuracy. Performances for small errors are not as good. Performance of the data reconciliation is strongly dependent on precision in the process models. This conclusion is drawn from comparison with other studies that show good performance for laboratory simulations. There are still many parts to develop further as: Soft sensors, tests for identification of gross errors, computation of covariance matrix, quantification of gross errors.

Annual Report 2011 for the Swedish CDM and JI program; Aarsredovisning 2011 foer Sveriges CDM och JI-program

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-11-01

The report is an annual report of the Swedish CDM [Clean Development Mechanism] and JI [Joint Implementation]program for 2011. The report shows aims and goals of the business and the work of individual CDM and JI projects and multilateral funds which have been performed over the entire duration of life and especially during 2011. The report presents volume orders, deliveries of emission reduction units as well as the volumes expected to be needed for the fulfillment of the national target by 2020. The report also includes information about the average price for the emission reductions as well as alternative costs.

Electricity utilization for ventilation purposes in new and old offices; Elanvaendning foer ventilation i nya och gamla kontor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Westerberg, J [Stockholm Univ. (Sweden)

1996-12-31

The consumption of electric power for ventilation purposes in new office buildings is compared with an investigation made 1990-91. This study will be used in two planning scenarios, `frozen efficiency` and BaU (Business as Usual). With the technology of 1980s the power used for ventilation will increase from 190 GWh in 1991 to 210 GWh in the year 2010. The technology of the 1990s will give an increase to 205 GWh in the year 2010. 21 refs, 21 figs, 2 tabs

Capacity for management of combustible and organic wastes; Kapacitet foer att ta hand on braennbart och organiskt avfall

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sundberg, Johan [Profu AB, Goeteborg (Sweden)

2000-10-01

A ban on deposition of combustible wastes will be introduced in 2002. A similar ban concerning organic wastes will be introduced in 2005. Because landfilling is the most common treatment today, we need new forms of waste treatment within a couple of years.The aim of this investigation is to map and analyse supply and demand for wastes covered by the new bans.

Analysis of environmental risks with an encapsulation plant and a final disposal repository; Miljoeriskanalys foer inkapslingsanlaeggning och slutfoervar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andersson, Johan; Herly, Lucien; Pettersson, Lars [SwedPower AB, Stockholm (Sweden)

2006-05-15

This report covers non-radiological environmental risks related to an encapsulation plant and a final repository for spent nuclear fuel. All stages of the above are covered. This means construction, operation, demolition and sealing. A risk, in this report, is defined as a combination of probability and consequence of an undesired event. An extensive and systematic effort has been made in order to identify all risks. If risks remain undetected it should be low probability events. The risks are also evaluated to see which risks are the more serious ones. A large part of the existing risks are oil or diesel on the ground. In general the main risks occur during the construction phase and they are similar to normal risks at every large construction project. Most of the above are discharges of oil products on the ground within the construction area. With a good organisation and a high environmental profile these discharges can be minimized and when needed cleaned. For some of the other risks the same is valid - with a good preventive work they can be reduced considerably. One event which has a relatively high probability for occurrence and which may not easily be cleaned is a damaged lorry leaking oil. The resulting damage depends on where it occurs and maybe also when. Neither in Forsmark nor in Oskarshamn there are common sources of water supply in direct connection to where lorries pass and the probability for a lorry accident to cause damage to the environment is limited. After the assessment and evaluation of risk reducing measures there is one risk that appears serious even though the probability is low. This risk is the possible influence of the final repository on the subsoil water. It is most important that a large effort is put on reducing this risk. The probability of traffic accidents with injuries or fatalities will increase slightly, especially during the second phase of the construction period, since the amount of traffic is expected to increase then. Of the identified risks some differ depending on the localisation of the establishment. Primarily this applies to everything related to transports. The risk that nature is affected by leaking lorries is in principle depending on location. However the difference between a localisation in Forsmark or in Oskarshamn is minor. The only identified difference is that the exit on to road 76 in Forsmark implies a higher risk for accidents than the corresponding exit on to E22 in Oskarshamn. The risk for affecting the subsoil water may differ depending on localisation but this is not covered in this report since the geological conditions are very carefully examined in other studies. All other risks (with the definition used in this report) appear to be sufficiently equal not to affect the choice of localisation. The risk assessment should be updated later when the planning has come further. Then the design of the facilities and the location of the canister manufacturing plant are more defined. Risk reducing measures such as bankings, pump capacities etc will also be defined more clearly than at the present time. Changes of the risks may have occurred and suggested measures may also be more concrete than at this early stage.

Bio-oils and other bio fuels used in heat- and power generation; Flytande biobraenslen foer el- och vaermeproduktion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sandgren, Annamaria; Ekdahl, Emma; Sernhed, Kerstin; Lindstroem, Erica

2010-05-15

The purpose of this study was to assemble and disseminate knowledge about bio-oils and other bio fuels which are used for heat- and power generation or liquid bio fuels/oils that may become interesting in the future. One aim of this study was to give an updated picture of the Swedish market for bio-oils and to provide an overview of practical experience on the usage of bio-oils in the Swedish heat and power industry. In order to show a green profile, bio-oils can be used in the heat and power generation. However, not all bio-oils can be viewed as climate friendly. Some production of bio-oils may actually - if a lifecycle perspective is considered - lead to increased emissions of greenhouse gases, and there are also ethical issues that need to be considered. The data collection was carried out in three different fields. The objective of the first part was to create an overview of the Swedish market for liquid bio fuels/oils for heat and power production. The second part of the study aimed to clarify the issues surrounding environmental and ethical issues associated with the use of different bio-oils. A selection of oil crops for a closer study was made based on production volume (soybean, palm oil and rapeseed) and expected future potential (jatropha). This part of the study was based on a literature review. In the third part of the study technical and practical experiences from using bio-oils in heat and power production were studied. The interviews made with purchasing managers in the second part gave valuable information on which utilities would be the most interesting to interview for the study of technical and practical experiences, where interviews were carried out with persons familiar with the daily operation of the plant. The use of liquid bio fuels was about 4.3 % of total fuel use in Swedish district heating production in 2007 (1.2 % pine oil and 3.0 % other bio-oil). In other words, it is mainly bio-oils that have been used and not other types of liquid bio fuels. The types of liquid bio fuels that have been studied are different qualities of bio-oils and glycerol that is a residual from biodiesel production. Vegetable bio-oils are the most commonly used in Swedish heat and power production amongst the liquid bio fuels. Vegetable oils can be extracted from a variety of different crops that grows all over the world. Due to today's fuel prices, the bio-oil that is used for heat and power production is mainly residue or by-products from industrial production of food, feed manufacturing, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The most abundant bio-oils that have been encountered during the interview process have come from oil palm or rapeseed or a mix of different residues from which the biological origin is difficult to trace. Tall oil pitch, which is a by-product in the pulp industry, has held a non-negligible share in Swedish heat production. Experiments on combustion of glycerol have recently been carried out and these indicate that glycerol does have a potential. According to the district heating companies that were interviewed, they did not experience that lack of availability of bio-oils was a problem, although the quality of the bio-oils could vary greatly. Most district heating companies have developed specifications for the fuel to be purchased. All parties benefit from a good specification where the purchasing managers and the operational staff have consistent requirements. The liquid bio fuels used in Swedish heat production are, except for possibly the PFAD, not accepted products, but different types of residues or by-products. There is no commodity exchange where the products are traded and there are a variety of factors affecting the price formation, making the pricing very complex. The study discusses various aspects of the use of bio-oils with a focus on a few crops of particular interest. These are soybean, oil palm, rapeseed and jatropha. The first three are interesting because of their large production volume, but also because of the infective debates that have been going on about the environmental and social impacts of the increased demand for bio-oils. It is common knowledge that some initial problems occur when converting a plant from fossil oil to bio-oil. One of the interviewees summoned the situation with the words: 'It's been a process to learn where the problems are'. The different types of experiences that have been illuminated in the interviews are: - Key characteristics in the choice of fuel is considered to be ash content, the amount of alkali, the amount of glycerol, water content, viscosity, amount of particles and fuel price. - The quality of the bio-oils differ to a great extent, much more than the quality of fossil oil does. This makes it important to have well developed specifications for the procurement of bio-oil and a good strategy for the control of fuel quality.

Bio-oils and other bio fuels used in heat- and power generation; Flytande biobraenslen foer el- och vaermeproduktion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sandgren, Annamaria; Ekdahl, Emma; Sernhed, Kerstin; Lindstroem, Erica

2010-05-15

The purpose of this study was to assemble and disseminate knowledge about bio-oils and other bio fuels which are used for heat- and power generation or liquid bio fuels/oils that may become interesting in the future. One aim of this study was to give an updated picture of the Swedish market for bio-oils and to provide an overview of practical experience on the usage of bio-oils in the Swedish heat and power industry. In order to show a green profile, bio-oils can be used in the heat and power generation. However, not all bio-oils can be viewed as climate friendly. Some production of bio-oils may actually - if a lifecycle perspective is considered - lead to increased emissions of greenhouse gases, and there are also ethical issues that need to be considered. The data collection was carried out in three different fields. The objective of the first part was to create an overview of the Swedish market for liquid bio fuels/oils for heat and power production. The second part of the study aimed to clarify the issues surrounding environmental and ethical issues associated with the use of different bio-oils. A selection of oil crops for a closer study was made based on production volume (soybean, palm oil and rapeseed) and expected future potential (jatropha). This part of the study was based on a literature review. In the third part of the study technical and practical experiences from using bio-oils in heat and power production were studied. The interviews made with purchasing managers in the second part gave valuable information on which utilities would be the most interesting to interview for the study of technical and practical experiences, where interviews were carried out with persons familiar with the daily operation of the plant. The use of liquid bio fuels was about 4.3 % of total fuel use in Swedish district heating production in 2007 (1.2 % pine oil and 3.0 % other bio-oil). In other words, it is mainly bio-oils that have been used and not other types of liquid bio fuels. The types of liquid bio fuels that have been studied are different qualities of bio-oils and glycerol that is a residual from biodiesel production. Vegetable bio-oils are the most commonly used in Swedish heat and power production amongst the liquid bio fuels. Vegetable oils can be extracted from a variety of different crops that grows all over the world. Due to today's fuel prices, the bio-oil that is used for heat and power production is mainly residue or by-products from industrial production of food, feed manufacturing, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The most abundant bio-oils that have been encountered during the interview process have come from oil palm or rapeseed or a mix of different residues from which the biological origin is difficult to trace. Tall oil pitch, which is a by-product in the pulp industry, has held a non-negligible share in Swedish heat production. Experiments on combustion of glycerol have recently been carried out and these indicate that glycerol does have a potential. According to the district heating companies that were interviewed, they did not experience that lack of availability of bio-oils was a problem, although the quality of the bio-oils could vary greatly. Most district heating companies have developed specifications for the fuel to be purchased. All parties benefit from a good specification where the purchasing managers and the operational staff have consistent requirements. The liquid bio fuels used in Swedish heat production are, except for possibly the PFAD, not accepted products, but different types of residues or by-products. There is no commodity exchange where the products are traded and there are a variety of factors affecting the price formation, making the pricing very complex. The study discusses various aspects of the use of bio-oils with a focus on a few crops of particular interest. These are soybean, oil palm, rapeseed and jatropha. The first three are interesting because of their large production volume, but also because of the infective debates that have been going on about the environmental and social impacts of the increased demand for bio-oils. It is common knowledge that some initial problems occur when converting a plant from fossil oil to bio-oil. One of the interviewees summoned the situation with the words: 'It's been a process to learn where the problems are'. The different types of experiences that have been illuminated in the interviews are: - Key characteristics in the choice of fuel is considered to be ash content, the amount of alkali, the amount of glycerol, water content, viscosity, amount of particles and fuel price. - The quality of the bio-oils differ to a great extent, much more than the quality of fossil oil does. This makes it important to have well developed specifications for the procurement of bio-oil and a good strategy for the control of fuel quality.

The energy logistic model for analyses of transportation- and energy systems; Energilogistikmodell foer systemberaekningar av transport- och energifoersoerjningssystem

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blinge, M

1995-05-01

The Energy Logistic Model has been improved to become a tool for analysis of all production processes, transportation systems and systems including several energy users and several fuels. Two cases were studied. The first case deals with terminal equipment for inter modal transport systems and the second case deals with diesel fuelled trucks, cranes and machines in the Goeteborg area. In both cases, the environmental improvements of the city air quality are analyzed when natural gas is substituted for diesel oil. The comparison between inter modal transport and road haulage shows that the environmental impacts from the operations at the terminal are limited, and that the potential for environmental benefits when using inter modal transport is improving with the transportation distance. The choice of electricity production system is of great importance when calculating the environmental impact from railway traffic in the total analysis of the transportation system. 13 refs, 27 tabs

The pulverization and handling of soft plastics for energy recovery; Soenderdelning och hantering av mjuka plaster foer energiutvinning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wiklund, Sven-Erik

2000-10-01

The purpose of the project has primarily been to investigate suitable equipment (mills, crushers, shredders) for the pulverization of different types of soft plastics from the agricultural sector (large sacks and silage plastic) and the peat extraction industry (plastic covers) with the aim of being able to use the plastic material as fuel in conventional solid waste-fired plants. Many of the mills that are used for pulverizing different types of biofuel have proved not to be particularly suitable for soft plastics. The project has comprised the following: * Contact with a number of plant owners with different types of plants (grate, CFB and BFB boilers) for a review of existing fuel handling and fuel feed equipment as well as the demands they make on the fuel that is to be fired. * Contact with Trio Plast concerning previous tests carried out in connection with the collection, baling, handling, pulverization and combustion of plastics from the agricultural sector. * Contact with mill suppliers for participation in the tests and for feedback on experience gained in connection with the pulverization of soft plastics. * Choice of a suitable plant for practical trials based on contact with the above plant owners as a reference group. * Practical trials in 5 mills with the pulverization of soft plastics from agriculture (silage plastic and large sacks) as well as plastic from peat extraction (plastic covers) and * Evaluation of technical, economic, energy-related and environmental preconditions. Following contact with several owners of solid waste-fired combustion plants, and after hearing their opinions, it became clear that many of them were doubtful about the combustion of plastic. They are primarily afraid of tripping superheaters, etc. Consequently, two plants without superheaters, one in Oestersund and the other in Malmoe, were chosen for the tests. The mills that were tested were: * A SIM mill from WahIkvist, Oedeshoeg Plant - a mobile slow-action pulverizer for different types of waste. * A Willibald mill from Svenska Neuero - a mobile hammer mill with a drive system mounted on a trailer frame. * An Untha mill from Presona - a mobile, slow-action, electrically-operated mill with cutting tools. * A Satum mill from Ekoteknik - a stationary mill of the slow-action type with rotating knife cutters, and * A Doppstadt mill from OP-maskiner - a mobile slow-action mill with hammers. Other mills been tested for milling soft plastics by Lunds Energi in Lomma and Soederenergi in SoedertaeIje are: * Lindner- kvarn from Franssons Recycling Machine. A low- speed machine with turnable teeth. (Lomma), and * Eco- crusher from Babcock. A low- speed waste crusher with two-rotor. (Soedertaelje). The results of the tests showed that those mills/crushers/shredders that can cope with the demand to pulverize plastic material with only one or two grinding runs are slow action units with cutting tools. Hammer mills do not function as effectively for the type of plastic material investigated. Tests of whether it was possible to fire the Jamtkraft plant in Oestersund with pulverized plastic showed that with a proportion of approximately 5 per cent of plastic fuel mixed together with other solid fuel, mainly sawdust, bark and wood chips, plant operation was for the most part satisfactory. The running period amounted to approximately two weeks. Among the problems that occurred, however, were that somewhat excessively long strips of plastic hung down in front of the level sensors that control the supply from the day silos and that the overfilling sensor in the fuel screw was affected by the plastic. These problems would probably have been more serious if a larger proportion of plastic had been used. In order to be able to complete the tests in Oestersund, relatively extensive contacts was needed with the municipal environmental and community planning office, which in turn obtained the views of the County Administrative Board in the county of Jaemtland. Finally, a permit was granted to fire approximately 300 tonnes of plastic material, although with certain reservations. The costs of handling plastics for transportation, pulverization and combustion will be relatively high and amount to between SEK 350 and 700 per tonne, the largest cost component of which being the pulverization cost. To this shall be added the costs of collecting the plastic. With a fuel valuation for the plastic as biofuel, lower costs are achieved corresponding to approximately SEK 500-1000 per tonne.

Control room philosophy: Principles of control room design and control room work; Kontrollrumsfilosofi: Principer foer kontrollrumsutformning och kontrollrumsarbete

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Skriver, Jan; Ramberg, Jasmine; Allwin, Pernilla [Scandpower Risk Management AB, Uppsala (Sweden)

2006-01-15

In order to provide insights for improvement of work in control rooms several factors have to be considered. Knowledge of principles including control room philosophies will guide the recommended improvements. In addition to knowledge about specific principles an advantage for an organization can be an understanding of similarities and policies used in other high risk industry. The report has been developed on the basis of a document analysis of international standards and other guiding documents. (NUREG 0711, ISO 11064, ISO 6385, IEC 60964). In addition to the document analysis which has strived to compare the documents to see similarities in important principals, experience from working with control room design, modifications and evaluations in other high risk industries has pervaded the report. Important principles have been identified which are recommended to be included in a control room philosophy. Many of these are similar to the principles identified in the international standards. An additional principal which is regarded as important is the utilization of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) which can be used as a measure to target preventative means. Further more it is critical that the control room philosophy is easy to access and comprehend for all users. One of the challenges that remain after having developed a control room philosophy is how to utilize it in the daily work situation. It is vital that the document remains as a living document, guiding the continual improvement of the control room in the various life cycle stages.

Energy for Road Transport - Prospects towards year 2020 and later; Energi foer Vaegtransporter - utsikter mot 2020 och daerefter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aahman, Max

2009-02-15

The last few years, production of alternative fuels has grown significantly. The driving force can be primarily attributed to a growing interest in protecting the climate and the policy initiatives resulting from this, rising oil prices and industrial and agricultural interests. However, the debate has increasingly begun to question the usefulness and impact of a continued expansion of biofuels. The report provides an overview of our knowledge with respect to climate benefits, and economic potential for the 1st generation of ethanol and biodiesel, 2nd generation biofuels and electricity via e.g. plug-in hybrids. The report also provides various scenarios of how Sweden can meet the adopted EU directive on renewable energy in the transport sector to 2020. The substitution of fuels in the transport sector has only just begun. Driving forces, including those visible in the criteria of the EU Directive, however, will aim for more climate-effective fuels based on waste and forest raw material compared to today's efforts. Effective grain based fuels can still retain a relatively large niche even in the longer term, since the investment is justified by several reasons, including agricultural policy. Electric vehicles are expected to be launched in the not too distant future. But it will take a long time before electricity consumption via eg plug-in hybrids is visible in the statistics. Increased demands on energy efficiency can drive a trend towards more expensive vehicles and also to change forms of ownership and use of vehicles, including increased car pooling

Energy- and carbondioxide intensities for 319 products and services - examples of analyses using a tool for analysis of environmental impacts of consumption; Energi- och koldioxidintensiteter foer 319 varor och tjaenster - exempel paa analyser med ett verktyg foer analys av miljoepaaverkan av konsumtion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raety, Riitta; Carlsson-Kanyama, Annika

2007-03-15

This report presents calculations of energy use and carbondioxide emissions for different products and services. The calculations have been done with a computer program called EAP, that calculates the so called energy and carbon dioxide intensity for products and services. The calculations take into account the whole life cycle of the product including raw materials, production, transportation, sales, and recycling. These data can then be combined with expenditure surveys to investigate some of the environmental impacts of household consumption patterns.

The influence of opioids on gastric function : experimental and clinical studies

OpenAIRE

Walldén, Jakob

2008-01-01

Efter operation och anestesi får patienter ofta en negativ påverkan på magsäck och tarmar. Illamående och kräkningar är ett stort problem och många har svårt att komma igång med intag av föda och normal tarmfunktion då magsäcken och tarmarna ”står stilla”. Flera faktorer bidrar- bl.a. smärtan, det kirurgiska traumat och de läkemedel vi ger i samband med anestesin. Av de senare är opioider, d.v.s morfin och morfinliknande läkemedel, starkt bidragande. I detta avhandlings- arbete har opioiders ...

Studier av radioaktivt cesium i svenska renar. Oversikt over pågående undersokningar 1986

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustaf Åhman

1986-06-01

Full Text Available I samband med den forskning och forsöksverksamhet som bedrivits vid renforsöksavdelningen har vi arbetat med metodik och teknik som kan tillämpas vid studier av radioaktivt cesium i renbetesväxter och i renar. På betessidan har vi bl.a. arbetat med kontaminering av tungmetaller från gruvindustrin och nitrat efter kvävegödsling. Omfattande studier har utförts av renens mineralstatus och mineralämnesomsättning. Erfarenheter och kunskaper från dessa områden har utnyttjats for planering och genomförande av de studier som nu pågår beträffande radioaktivt cesium i renbetesväxter och renar.

Guidelines for water and steam adapted to Swedish energy plants; Riktvaerden foer vatten och aanga anpassade till svenska energianlaeggningar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hellman, Mats [Hellman Vatten AB, Haegersten (Sweden)

2006-02-15

The project summons a revision of the Swedish Cycle Chemistry Guidelines with the purpose to create guidelines that are more explicit and thereby easier to adapt to in daily operations. The objective in general has not been to tighten the limiting values; some are stricter but some others are less strict. The boilers of today are usually fed with demineralised water as make-up water which has been reflected in the guidelines. In this project consideration has been taken upon the fact that many boilers, mostly industrial, have been in operation for many years according to old guidelines, without problems. In these cases the boilers may very well continue to operate without any costly reinvestments due to the new guidelines. The most important revisions in the guidelines are: Action levels have been introduced for the core parameters in the water-steam cycle. With action levels the operators will have some guidance to correct deviations in the cycle chemistry. The action levels are progressive in the sense that the more serious deviation from the guidelines, the shorter time to correct the problem. Guidelines for boilers up to 6.0 MPa operating on softened make-up water have been adjusted slightly and introduced with action levels. New guidelines for boilers with demineralised make-up water have been compiled. Within the project group there is a consensus that demineralised make-up water is preferable even for low pressure boilers. Varying chemistry regimes are used in the industry today. This report gives guidelines for the three dominating in Sweden; All Volatile Treatment (AVT), Caustic Treatment and Phosphate Treatment. Cation conductivity is a core parameter for supervision of steam quality for turbine operation, and in all international guidelines cation conductivity is included. However, the cation conductivity can rise above limits if organic dosing agents are used. This may be accepted as long as the pH-value is within the specifications and it can be shown that the high cation conductivity is not caused by excessive levels of aggressive salts.

System and market study of bio-methane (SNG) from bio fuels; System- och marknadsstudie foer biometan (SNG) fraan biobraenslen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Valleskog, Martin (CMV Konsult (Sweden)); Marbe, Aasa; Colmsjoe, Linda (Grontmij AB (Sweden))

2008-07-01

This study has examined whether the use of SNG produced from biofuels can constitute an alternative use for biofuel. Gasification technologies are studied: pressurized gasification with oxygen/steam, indirect gasification and hydrogen gasification. The objective of the project is to make a reasonable valuation of the production of SNG and through a market-study see if biofuel-based SNG can be an alternative to competing fuels. The report also discusses the supply and price of biofuels in Sweden. This use was 112 TWh in 2005 and assessed potential in year 2025 is 187 TWh. Biofuel prices show an upward trend and system of incentives affect the development of the biofuels market and price. The main incentives are electricity certificate system, energy and environmental taxes and emissions trading. Current energy and climate policies in Sweden and EU are expected to increase demand for biofuels and thus likely the prices. Increased volumes of waste tend to reduce pressure on the demand for biofuels generally. SNG is compared with natural gas and with other uses for biofuels and other competing fuels, depending on the application. The economic analysis has been conducted for three different cost levels in fuels and incentives, namely the year 2007, scenario in 2012 and scenario in 2020. The economics of SNG is evaluated for the three above-mentioned scenarios, both with respect to its cost of production, and in which market the SNG used (cogeneration, heating, industry and the automotive market). A sensitivity analysis has been conducted on the following parameters: fuel prices, electricity prices, the cost of emissions, taxes and investment. The results show that SNG is not a finished product available on the market today why additional support is required to make SNG competitive so that investment in production is stimulated. The production cost of SNG is between 380 - 410 SEK/MWh and necessary support is estimated to amount to 150 - 200 SEK/MWh on the basis of the current Swedish tax system. From a production standpoint, the industrial and automotive markets are best suited as recipients of SNG because demand is evenly distributed throughout the year, CHP and heat market at least favorable as it is heavily dependent on the variation of the heat demand during the year. By contrast, the biggest economic advantage is achieved when SNG is replacing natural gas and oil for heating. Secondly, in the sectors of power generation and vehicle fuel SNG is favored by subsidies. High electricity certificate prices and high power generation efficiency benefit SNG for cogeneration. The analysis of the current competitive situation leads to SNG require some form of financial support to become a commercially available energy resource. The fastest establishment of SNG facilities will be realized in which the natural gas network already established, as it gives access to the entire natural gas market. Industrial and automotive market has been steady demand over the year and can therefore form the basis for the draft instruments. Politically speaking, there is great interest to find renewable alternatives in the automotive market. If we are to invest in a new cogeneration installation is the most economical to gasify biofuel combustion the gas in a gas turbine with subsequent steam cycle (BIGCC). This is far more economical than to first convert the gas to SNG and then burn it in a combined natural gas plant. It requires, however, that the values on electricity certificate is relatively high, or that prices are high

Gasification for fuel production in large and small scale polygeneration plants; Foergasning foer braensleproduktion i stor- och smaaskaliga energikombinat

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodin, Jennie; Wennberg, Olle

2010-09-15

This report investigates the possibility of integrating biofuel production through gasification with an existing energy production system. Previous work within Vaermeforsk (report 904, 1012) has concluded that gasification for motor fuel production as a part of a polygeneration plant seems promising when looking at the energy efficiency. However, comparable data between different types of integration, energy plants and fuels was found to be needed in order to get a better understanding of how a gasifier would affect an energy system. The systems studied are the heat- and power production of a bigger city (Goeteborg) and a medium sized city (Eskilstuna), and a pulp mill (Soedra Cell Vaeroe). The latter already runs a commercial gasifier for burner gas production, where the gas is used in the lime kiln. The different types of polygeneration plants have been studied by setting up and evaluating mass- and energy balances for each system. The fuel products that are looked upon in this project are DME, methane, methanol and burner gas. The burner gas is used on site. The case studies have been evaluated based on energy efficiency for fuel production, electricity and district heating. The efficiency is foremost calculated for the higher heating value. In the case of the boiler integrated gasifier in Eskilstuna, the efficiencies have been calculated on the marginal fuel. We have also let the district heating remain unchanged

Degradation rate of sludge/fly ash mixture used as landfill liner; Nedbrytningshastigheten foer taetskikt uppbyggda av slam och aska

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wikman, Karin; Berg, Magnus [AaF-Process AB, Stockholm (Sweden); Svensson, Malin; Ecke, Holger [Luleaa Univ. of Technology (Sweden)

2005-10-01

In order to be able to use mixtures of ash and sludge as landfill liner an important aspect is to demonstrate that the degradation of organic matter is slow enough. Therefore, the goal of this project has been to find out for how long a landfill liner material of sludge and ash will be stable and keep its function. The degradation of organic material in two different mixtures of sludge and ash has been studied in laboratory experiments. The rate of degradation was then estimated for barriers of sludge and ash, taking into account construction techniques (mixture, compaction, water content), climate conditions (freezing, drying) and biological processes (NaN{sub 3} additive). The effect of the degradation on the permeability has also been quantified. Organic material may disappear for the landfill liner material through 1) initial leaching of soluble organic material, 2) leaching of organic material after chemical reactions or 3) evaporation during biological degradation. Bacterial activity was not found in the sludge/ash mixtures during the experiments. Therefore, the organic material is probably reduced mainly though leaching according to 1) and 2). The leached amount of TOC (total organic carbon) was measured for all samples of sludge/ash in several experimental cycles. The leached amount of TOC was compared to the initial amount of TOC in the material. The results show a small initial reduction of organic material through leaching but the TOC content in the material is then stabilized. In relation to the total weight of the material the leaching of TOC was similar for the mixtures with 80 % ash and 20 % ash. However, this means that a larger amount of TOC was leached out from the mixtures with a high ash content since the initial amount of organic material was smaller. General conclusions about which ash-sludge ratio that is suitable for a landfill liner material could not be drawn from the experiments from a degradation point of view. If the initial permeability is low enough (<1x10{sup -9} m/s) the results indicate that the leaching of TOC will be of less importance for the function of the barrier layer. The hydraulic conductivity was independent of the change in TOC, i.e. even though the organic material was reduced through chemical degradation and leaching the permeability was not negatively affected. Instead, the permeability was reduced in time and affected mainly by the compaction grade. Therefore, it is important to compact the landfill liner material and to mix the ash and sludge to a homogeneous mixture. Drying of the material increased the hydraulic conductivity: the barrier layer should therefore be kept moist. Freezing through cycles did not affect the permeability. Calculations on the basis of results from experiments with columns with an initial hydraulic conductivity of <1x10{sup -9} m/s show that the leaching of TOC stops after 38 years (NSR-Oeresundskraft) and 14 years (Bromma-Maelarenergi). The combination of reduced percolation and more immobilized TOC is expected to lead to very low leaching rates for organic material after this time. On basis of this study it is recommended to change the landfill liner material at Filborna in Helsingborg from clay to ash/sludge on a test area. During such large-scale tests it is suitable to control changes in the material to verify the results from the experiments.

Who sets the Agenda: The Author or the Terrorist?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Søndergaard, Leif

2012-01-01

Definitions of terrorism. Terorism in the 1980s, i.e. taking hostages and exploding bombs outside the US. UNA-bomber and Oklahoma bomber. Relations between author and terrorist in and outside USA before 9/11. Relations between terrorist and press. President Bush's rhetoric and various reactions t...... to 9/11. Novels by Safran Foer (Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close) and Don DeLillo (Falling Man) focus on the personal and private consequences whereas Mohsin Hamid (The Reluctant Fundamentalist) includes the other side....

Evaluation and demonstration of remediation alternatives for historical mine waste using ash and alkaline by products; Utvaerdering och demonstration av efterbehandlingsalternativ foer historiskt gruvavfall med aska och alkaliska restprodukter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baeckstroem, Mattias; Sartz, Lotta; Karlsson, Stefan [MTM, Man-Technology-Envionrment, Oerebro Univ., 701 82 Oerebro (Sweden)

2009-03-15

The results clearly show that the use of alkaline by products can significantly reduce the leakage of trace metals from historical acid mine waste. Under ideal conditions (laboratory experiments) pH increase significantly and the trace metal concentrations decrease with around 99% compared to the untreated reference. During more realistic conditions (pilot scale) the same increase in pH was not obtained and thus the decrease in trace metal concentrations was not as great. In the stabilisation experiments pH was between 5.8 and 6.8 while the trace metal reduction was around 96-99%. In the filter experiments a median pH between 4 (aged ash) and 10 (lime kiln dust) was obtained after the alkaline section. Average metal reduction is around 95% for cadmium, copper and lead while it is slightly lower for zinc (85%). In summary it is indicated that hydroxide dominated materials work best in aerated environments while carbonate dominated materials work best in reducing environments. In summary it can be concluded that the use of alkaline by products to neutralise acidic mine waste and acid mine drainage from historical mine sites give rise to both environmental and economical benefits and should therefore be encouraged as a sustainable remediation method

Blockkedjeteknik

OpenAIRE

Andersson, Kim

2017-01-01

Blockkedjan, tekniken bakom Bitcoin och populariserad i dess introduktion, fungerar som en distribuerad databas och en publik huvudbok för transaktioner. Blockkedjetek-niken har även andra implementeringar och användningsområden än endast Bitcoin. Syftet med arbetet är att beskriva blockkedjetekniken och några typiska blockkedjetilllämpningar. I detta arbete presenteras blockkedjans struktur och säkerhet, publika, privata och tillståndsbelagda blockkedjor samt bevis på arbete, bevis på andel ...

"Det är inte mig det är fel på, det är huset" : en studie av prognosfaktorer och bemötande med fokus på sjuka hus-syndromet

OpenAIRE

Edvardsson, Berit

2015-01-01

Bakgrund: Sick Building Syndrome, SBS, är fortfarande 2015 ett tillstånd som vållar mycket diskussion. Symtomen kan grupperas i slemhinnesymtom, hudsymtom och allmänna symtom. I definitionen ingår att personen/ personerna som fått symtom har exponerats för dålig inomhusluft i en speciell byggnad. När personen inte är i byggnaden så förbättras eller försvinner symtomen. Många olika faktorer kan orsaka eller medverka till uppkomst eller försämringar av SBS-symtom, som t.ex. luftens innehåll av ...

Leaning av arbetspunkt för urindiagnostik

OpenAIRE

Romar, Arne Johannes

2017-01-01

Lean är en metod som ämnar förbättra arbetsprocesser, öka kvalitén och förhindra slöseri av resurser. Fler och fler företag och institutioner i västvärlden har den senaste tiden börjat implementera läran och verktygen som ursprungligen kom från Toyota och deras produktionssystem. Sjukhus och sjukhuslaboratorier är inget undantag, patienterna och provmängderna blir större samtidigt som krav på inbesparningar sker. Därför behövs alternativa lösningar i form av lean för att få tillstånd en effek...

Maskinunderhållets utveckling från forntiden till framtiden

OpenAIRE

Sundius, Erik

2014-01-01

Mitt examensarbete består av två delar, en teoretisk och en praktisk del. Den praktiska delen gjordes i Axxells metallverkstad i Karis. Metallverkstaden erbjuder yrkesutbildning för både ungdomar och vuxna. Arbetet inleddes den 23 februari 2012 och tog ungefär ett år i anspråk. Syftet med arbetet var, enligt uppdragsavtalet, att "förbättra arbetssäkerheten och kvaliteten på undervisningen genom dokumenterade rutiner för service och underhåll" och arbetsrubriken var "Servicehandbok för Axxell ...

Small-scale power production for sustainable development. Households', Utilities' and Retailers' experiences from the market for small-scale solar panels and wind turbines; Smaaskalig elproduktion foer en haallbar utveckling. Hushaalls, energibolags och aaterfoersaeljares erfarenheter av marknaden foer smaaskaliga solpaneler och vindturbiner

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Palm, Jenny; Tengvard, Maria

2009-06-15

In this report, a special form of small scale renewable solutions marketed towards Swedish households is targeted. During the autumn 2008 the Swedish companies 'Egen El i Stockholm AB' ('Egen El') and 'Home Energy' launched a concept with small scale wind turbines and solar cells that the households connect to the electricity socket so that the own produced electricity can be used directly. The purpose with this report is to analyze how users, retailers and grid companies look upon such small scale production of electricity and discuss what institutional effects own produced energy could have on the electricity market. The main research method used was in-depth interviews. We conducted interviews with representatives of eight retail companies, five grid companies, the industry organization Swedenergy, IKEA Greentech, and 20 households. A main conclusion is that the market concerning households small scale production of electricity is still immature. Though, the media attention that Egen El relieved during spring 2008 has made more households aware of the concept and householders increased interest in the concept is also recognized by other retailers and amongst the grid companies. According to the retailers, it is still hard to make a living from selling these kind of products to household. Nevertheless, they are optimistic and believe that the changes in regulations concerning small scale production of electricity and IKEA's investment in PVs will improve the situation. The grid companies, too, have a positive outlook. Though, they stress a number of problems that could occur with many households producing their own electricity. This is mainly related to security and whether the grid will be able to handle this produced electricity. As for the households, environmental concerns supply the main motive for adopting PVs or micro wind power generation. In some cases, the adopting households have an extensively ecological lifestyle, so such adoption represents a way to take action in the energy area. This investment is symbolic for some, displaying environmental consciousness to others - to set an example. For still others, the adoption is a protest against 'the system' with its large dominant actors or is a way to become self-sufficient. Such micro-generation installations are rejected mainly on economic grounds; other motives are respect for neighbours and difficulties finding a place to install a wind turbine. For these solutions to reach a majority of Swedish households, some important measures are needed to be implemented to eliminate the economic hindrances and to simplify the rules and installation process

Teorin i praktiken - praktiken i teorin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lund, Birthe; Lindhart, Lars

2006-01-01

Vad ligger bakom våra föreställningar om "teori" och "praktik"? Är de varandras motsatser och oförenliga? Eller är de aspekter både i lärande och yrkesutövande? I boken talas om den "praktikchock" som ofta möter blivande lärare när de är ute i skolornas "verklighet" för första gången. Denna antol...... antologi med alla sina lärda, inspirerande och insiktsfulla bidrag vänder sig till verksamma lärare och lärarstuderande som närmar sig slutet av sin utbildning och alla andra som arbetar med mötet mellan teori och praktik....

Simulation and cost analysis of systems for handling of fuel straw - applied to a heating plant in Skaane; Simulering och kostnadsanalys av hanteringssystem foer braenslehalm - tillaempning foer en vaermeanlaeggning i Skaane

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nilsson, Daniel

2010-05-15

The following conclusions were drawn from this study: - The total costs for delivery of fuel straw to heating plants ranged from about 130 SEK/MWh to 180 SEK/MWh (1 SEK approx 0.14 USD), depending on the payment to farmers for the straw, the storage method used, the profit margins of the contractors, etc. - The area investigated, which covered parts of the municipalities of Svaloev, Esloev and Kaevlinge, has very good conditions for harvest of straw compared with other parts of Sweden. The yield of winter wheat (and straw) is high, the road network is well developed, the fields are concentrated and large, the straw crops ripen early, and security of supply between years is high. - For a harvest and handling system with an average capacity of about 8 000 tonnes of straw per year, the simulations showed that a machine system with six balers, two loaders in the field, four transporters (tractor), one loader at the stores and lorry transport to the heating plant was cost-effective with regard to system performance (for example, expressed as the average amount of straw baled per year with a moisture content below 18%, the average quantity of straw per year put into storage prior to 1 October, the average lying time for the straw between threshing and baling, etc.). - Harvesting straw from various crops (in this case winter rape, rye and winter wheat) instead of only winter wheat had no major impact on costs, but increased the chance to harvest 'greyer' straw with lower contents of alkali metals, chlorine, etc. Only including fields of at least 5 ha had a minor impact on costs. Noticeable cost savings occurred when the field size limit was set to 10 ha or more. Increasing the moisture content limit at baling to 20% made it possible to harvest more straw, especially in years with difficult weather conditions. - The storage method used had a decisive impact on costs. Outdoor storage decreased the total costs to 133 SEK/MWh (7% storage losses), compared with 154 SEK/MWh for an equivalent harvest system with storage in machine sheds (0% storage losses, 60% of the construction costs assigned to the straw, the rest for other uses). - Increasing the bale weight from 530 kg to 700 kg (with unchanged dimensions of 1.2 m x 1.3 m x 2.4 m) produced cost savings of 15%. Having bales with an unchanged weight of 530 kg, but with a height of 1.0 m so that three bales could be stacked on top of one another during transport, resulted in similar cost savings. - In-depth studies are needed regarding the capacity of modern harvest and handling machines, stoppage frequency, etc. (i.e. time studies), the impact of various weather parameters on straw quality, the costs and storage losses for different storage methods, etc. - Dynamic event simulation is a useful method for analysing complex logistics systems where weather, plant biology, geography, soil characteristics, etc. have a major impact on the outcome

Manuell grönsaksskärare

OpenAIRE

Langborg, Ida

2010-01-01

Denna rapport är en skriftlig sammanställning av det produktutvecklingsprojekt som gjorts som kandidatarbete inom programmet Design och produktframtagning KTH, under våren 2010. Köket är idag en viktig samlingspunkt för familjer och vänner och antalet köksredskap är oändligt många och anpassade till det moderna köket. Många redskap är stora, drivs av elektricitet för att effektivisera matlagningen och på så sätt spara tid, samtidigt som det ligger en trend i ekologi och energibesparing. Själv...

Mindfulness – en metod för studerande : En systematisk litteraturstudie

OpenAIRE

Evatt, Maria

2014-01-01

I detta examensarbete undersöktes mindfulness inom högskole- och universitets studerande. Studerande har visats ha ett behov av verktyg för att hantera stress och för stärkande av studieförmågan under skolgången. Mindfulness är en form av tillvaro och medveten närvaro. Tidigare forskning har visat goda resultat och effekter inom målgrupper såsom t.ex. stresshantering och hälsa. Tillsvidare har ännu lite forskning utförts inom området mindfulness och studerande. Ämnet mindfulness undersöktes d...

Representationer av kvinnor i tv-spel : En semiotisk bildanalys om hur genus konstrueras i spelet Overwatch

OpenAIRE

Skönergård, Johan

2017-01-01

Tv-spel har sedan dess begynnelse kontinuerligt växt storartat och är numera en stor ekonomisk nöjesindustri med flera miljoner användare varje dag. Tv- och film har under flera år granskats och undersökts gällande exempelvis vilka meddelanden dessa sänder ut och reproducerar till dess konsumenter genom bland annat könsroller, våld, etnicitet och klass. Även om tv-spel som medieplattform även blivit granskad gällande liknande fenomen som tv- och film så är forskningsområdet fortfarande relati...

”På Facebook slipper man vara närvarande” : En studie kring unga vuxnas syn på användande, identitetsskapande och kvarlämnade digitala identiteter på Facebook

OpenAIRE

Michael, Carlsson; Lahdensuo, Jonna

2009-01-01

Bakgrund: Facebook är ett socialt onlinenätverk som under sina levnadsår har ökat explosionsartat i popularitet. På Facebook sköter många användare stora delar av sina sociala relationer och delar med sig mycket av sig själva. Det finns inget tidigare socialt nätverk i stil med Facebook som har haft samma genomslagskraft hos internetanvändarna. I användandet skapas en digital identitet som lämnar spår på Facebook, även om en användare är död. Kring dessa kvalämnade digitala identiteter vill v...

Optimized raw material usage and utilization degree in a polygeneration plant for heat, electricity, biofuel and market fuel; Optimal raavaruinsats och utnyttjandegrad i energikombinat foer vaerme, el, biodrivmedel och avsalubraensle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jennie Rodin; Olle Wennberg; Mikael Berntsson; Rolf Njurell; Ola Thorson

2012-01-15

Energy and economic efficiency for six different types of energy combines which include heat, electricity, pellets and fuel production have been studied. The basic case is a conventional power plant, which subsequently is expanded with various additional facilities (dryer, pellets and/or fuel). Maximum exploitation of the product against inserted biofuel was obtained in case 6, pulp mills that use waste heat for district heating supply and drying of bark. Case 6 had also the lowest payoff period; two years. Of the CHP [combined heat and power] based energy combines 'the big combine' with four different products generally showed best marginal efficiency and economy. The results indicate that drying may be an economical way to extend the operating season and increase the production of electricity in a CHP based energy combine.

Power, heat and cooling production for a group of buildings (CHCP); Integrerade loesningar foer produktion av kraft, vaerme och kyla (CHCP) i grupper av byggnader med el-, vaerme- och kylbehov

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nelson, Corfitz [Svenskt Gastekniskt Center AB, Malmoe (Sweden); Bjurstroem, Henrik; Cronholm, Lars-Aake; Forsberg, Maya [AaF-Energi och Miljoe AB, Stockholm (Sweden)

2005-04-01

Small-scale production and distribution of power, heat and cooling (CHCP) for a group of buildings is described in this report on a general level. Possible system solutions are identified and a summary of the state-of-the-art is provided. Costs have been compared for different system solutions using a fictitious group of buildings in a case study. CHCP (Combined Heat, Cooling and Power) is an acronym used for a compact cogeneration unit (CHP) that also provides cooling, where cooling may be produced using an absorption cooling machine. The advantage of heat-driven cooling process combined with a cogeneration unit offers is an increase of the annual number of hours during which the cogeneration is operated. This should lead to an increased competitiveness for small-scale cogeneration also in Sweden, which should become even better if the price for electricity continues to increase. Systems with cogeneration and cooling are often associated with the concept of 'distributed generation' of electricity and with units in single buildings such as hotels, hospitals, offices, shopping centers etc. They could also be considered for groups of buildings connected to a small distribution network for district heating, and district cooling. Both steam and hot water are possible energy carriers. The focus of the study was small-scale cogeneration units in the range 0,1 to 2 MW{sub e} with natural gas as fuel. For the sake of the analysis of profitability and of investment, a fictitious area has been defined with four buildings: two hotels, an office and a shopping centre. The maximum total heat and cooling loads of this area are 8 MW heat and 3.5 MW cooling. The alternatives to heat-only boilers and electric chillers in each building studied were based on piping networks. The results from the calculations show that local production of electric power, heat and cooling is possible in buildings and areas with large energy consumption. With prices and assumptions as in the basic case, the payback period for a network bound system with centralised production of district heating and district cooling is about 10 years. Heat and cooling are produced with a CHP unit common to all four buildings and a common electric chiller. Using an absorption chiller is not economically interesting. Placing a CHP unit and an electric chiller in each building in the area considered yields a payback period of about 8 years, which is somewhat shorter. As for a system with a common CHP, absorption chillers are not economically attractive. Systems where heat is distributed as steam or hot water to local cooling units are not economically interesting because investments in the absorption machines are too large.

Status, remaining service-life and quality assurance of PP-materials in flue-gas applications; Status, kvarvarande livslaengd och kvalitetssaekring av PP-material i anlaeggningar foer rening och kondensering av roekgaser

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jacobson, Karin

2011-10-15

Background: The project is intended to provide a better understanding of how the service life of PP-materials is affected when used in flue-gas applications. It intends to form a basis for the development of relevant techniques and a methodology from which it is possible to give advice and guidance so that the quality of PP-materials can be ensured for a given desired service life. In addition it aims as being able to assess the status and remaining life of PP-materials in current components. Project outline - An inventory, contact and choice of facilities for closer cooperation. Plants with high proportions of PP in the equipment have been prioritised. - Visits to the chosen sites during shut-down periods for inspection and collection of samples from different PP details for further analysis in the laboratory. Collection of operating data and experiences of the use of PP (operating time/exposure conditions in different parts, component substitutions that have been made, etc.). - Systematic studies of the processes and mechanisms for stabiliser consumption over time. - Developing methods and methodology on which advice and guidance can be based so that the quality of PP-materials can be ensured for a given desired service life. The goal is to be able to assess the status and remaining service-life of the PP-materials in flue-gas applications. Results and Conclusions: It has been found that corrosion is relatively rare and that the main factors limiting the use and longevity of polypropylene are the thermal properties (thermal expansion and heat distortion). Leaching of stabilisers from the material is also commonly found but only a few cases of oxidative degradation, as a result of this, have been observed. An important part of the project has been to develop techniques and methodologies to assure the quality PP-material for a desired service life, and to assess the status and remaining life of the PP- materials in flue-gas applications. To do this, samples that had been exposed in the Brista and Igelsta works for an earlier Vaermeforsk Project (Materials for flue gas condensation, Stage 2, M4-303, 2004) were very useful for this. Here the OIT method, which has traditionally been the most commonly used to assess the remaining service life with respect to stabiliser concentration, was compared with FTIR and FTIR line-scan. It turned out that, especially the latter method, gives a clearer and fuller picture of the remaining amount of stabiliser than OIT. It also has the potential to be even more sensitive by further method development. However, none of the methods can provide a clear picture of the remaining life. It turned out that one material which would have been recommended to be taken out of service after only eight months in operation (according to all three techniques) survived another 3 years without detecting even the smallest decline in material properties. News value The results from the method development are interesting not only for the use of PP in flue-gas applications, but for all environments where PP is used. Further development of the line-scan FTIR technique may provide new opportunities for more correct lifetime predictions.

Oil from peat and biomass. Final report of the seventh stage. Olja ur torv och biomassa. Slutrapport foer sjunde etappen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Karlsson, O

1986-11-01

The production of automitive fuels from domestic sources can be produced according to different schemes for direct liquefaction. Experimental studies have been made concerning the problems connected with high pressure liquefaction, focused on composition and production of the contemplated recirculated solvent for dissolution. Special importance has been given to a fundamental study for the choice of raw materials, especially peat. Deactivation of catalysts for hydrotreatment has been initiated and analytical methods for the characterization of products have also been further developed. (G.B.).

Developing of FTIR- and new probe technique for combustion gas analysis; Utveckling av FTIR- och sondteknik foer gasanalys i foerbraenningsrum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johansson, Annika; Andersson, Christer [Vattenfall Utveckling AB, Stockholm (Sweden); Thulin, C [Swedish National Testing and Research Inst., Boraas (Sweden); Karlsson, Maria; Aamand, L E [Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden)

1996-08-01

The objective of the reported project has been to develop and field test a versatile measurement system for combustion gases based on the FTIR technique. The project has included the following stages: Development of gas sampling methods, Further development of the FTIR technique, Field testing of the measurement system. The development of evaluation routines based on CLS and PLS methods has lead to the conclusion that both methods are well suited for the application in question, which enables an automation of the evaluation procedure. However, the elaboration of versatile and quality controlled methods is time consuming and the application requires a qualified user. With the dilution probe prototype, a satisfactory rejection of particles is achieved at the same time as a good mixing of the dilution gas and the sample gas takes place. Sampling is performed without using a filter at the probe tip. The intended function of the probe requires that most particles can be rejected without giving rise to a too high dilution ratio. This was achieved in the middle and upper part of the CFB boiler. Comparisons of measurement data from field measurements with the developed probe concept and the `conventional` CTH extractive probe show that the results are in good agreement in many cases, but also that interesting discrepancies exist. Sampling artefacts have been noticed for the gases HCN and SO{sub 2}, where HCN and SO{sub 2} are found in higher concentrations when sampling with the dilution probe. Analyzed concentrations of CO and hydrocarbons (methane, ethene and acetylene) are throughout all the measurements lower when the dilution probe is used. 21 refs, 34 figs, 29 tabs

Process for increased biogas production and energy efficient hygienisation of sludge; Process foer oekad biogasproduktion och energieffektiv hygienisering av slam

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rogstrand, Gustav; Olsson, Henrik; Andersson Chan, Anneli; Johansson, Niklas; Edstroem, Mats

2012-07-01

In Sweden there is a need to increase biogas production to meet the rising demand for biomethane as vehicle fuel but the amount of domestically available biomass to digest is limited. One way to help meet current and future demand for methane is to enhance the digestion of the substrates that are currently utilized. Vaexjoe municipality in southern Sweden is in the process of upgrading their facilities for biogas production at the Sundet waste water treatment plant. Their aim is to produce more biogas in order to meet the demand from an increasing methane-based local transit fleet. This is the backdrop to a joint project between JTI and Vaexjoe municipality where JTI's mobile pilot plant was used to study the possibility of extracting more biogas from the existing sewage sludge. In the future, Vaexjoe municipality also plans to co-digest source separated municipal organics with the sewage sludge, which will likely result in stricter demands in terms of hygienization of all utilized substrates. The goal of the project at hand was to demonstrate the possibility to produce more than enough additional biogas from existing sewage sludge to yield a net energy profit even with the added energy demand of ensuring the hygienic quality of the digestate through conventional pasteurization. Although the project was focused on the conditions at Sundet waste water treatment plant, the issues dealt with are general and the results are relevant to many waste water treatment plants in Sweden. The research, conducted between June 2011 and January 2012 were divided into two trials. The two trials, described schematically in Figure 1, represented two possible process configurations designed to reach the goal stated above. The key component of both process configurations is the addition of a post-digestion step to the existing single-step digestion process. In trial 1 the additional feature of dewatering between the two digestion steps served to reduce energy demand for pasteurization and increase the organic loading rate of the post-digester.

Process for increased biogas production and energy efficient hygienisation of sludge; Process foer oekad biogasproduktion och energieffektiv hygienisering av slam

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rogstrand, Gustav; Olsson, Henrik; Andersson Chan, Anneli; Johansson, Niklas; Edstroem, Mats

2012-07-01

In Sweden there is a need to increase biogas production to meet the rising demand for biomethane as vehicle fuel but the amount of domestically available biomass to digest is limited. One way to help meet current and future demand for methane is to enhance the digestion of the substrates that are currently utilized. Vaexjoe municipality in southern Sweden is in the process of upgrading their facilities for biogas production at the Sundet waste water treatment plant. Their aim is to produce more biogas in order to meet the demand from an increasing methane-based local transit fleet. This is the backdrop to a joint project between JTI and Vaexjoe municipality where JTI's mobile pilot plant was used to study the possibility of extracting more biogas from the existing sewage sludge. In the future, Vaexjoe municipality also plans to co-digest source separated municipal organics with the sewage sludge, which will likely result in stricter demands in terms of hygienization of all utilized substrates. The goal of the project at hand was to demonstrate the possibility to produce more than enough additional biogas from existing sewage sludge to yield a net energy profit even with the added energy demand of ensuring the hygienic quality of the digestate through conventional pasteurization. Although the project was focused on the conditions at Sundet waste water treatment plant, the issues dealt with are general and the results are relevant to many waste water treatment plants in Sweden. The research, conducted between June 2011 and January 2012 were divided into two trials. The two trials, described schematically in Figure 1, represented two possible process configurations designed to reach the goal stated above. The key component of both process configurations is the addition of a post-digestion step to the existing single-step digestion process. In trial 1 the additional feature of dewatering between the two digestion steps served to reduce energy demand for pasteurization and increase the organic loading rate of the post-digester.

Ett företag utifrån en kundsynvinkel - Team Kitchen Ab

OpenAIRE

Dristig, Oscar

2011-01-01

Uppdragsgivaren för detta examensarbete är företaget Team Kitchen Ab vars huvudsakliga verksamhetsområde är ordnandet av matlagningskurser för både privata samt företagskunder. Syftet med arbetet är att redogöra för och mäta kundtillfredställelse och tjänstekvalitet hos uppdragsgivaren samt att redogöra för förbättrings-, och utvecklingsmöjligheter inom företagets tjänster och verksamhet. Teorier som behandlas i detta arbete är kvalitet och processer av bl.a. Lecklin och Edvardsson, SERVQUAL ...

Flygande mat - kabinpersonals måltidssituation

OpenAIRE

Johansson, Johanna; Hugosson, Ellen

2015-01-01

Inledning Yrket som kabinanställd inom flyget präglas av serviceanda och ansvar för passagerares säkerhet. Arbetsmiljön innebär fysiska påfrestningar vad gäller till exempel kabintryck och låg syrenivå. Mat och måltider intas under olika tider på dygnet och infaller sällan på normala måltidstider. Kabinpersonalens måltider regleras av regler, avtal och policyer rörande arbetstidens längd. Syfte Syftet var att undersöka kabinpersonalens måltider under arbetstid, med fokus på riktlinjer och pol...

How furniture shopping couldchange through omni-channelretailing and the use of technology-based innovations

OpenAIRE

UDDENFELDT, JOAKIM

2014-01-01

Syftet med denna forskning är att få en bättre förståelse för de faktorer som påverkar konsumenternas beslutsfattande vid köp av möbler och hur Omni - kanaler och teknologiska innovationer kan bidra till möbelindustrin och hur det påverkar de olika marknadsföringskanalerna och hur det i slutändan kan förändra upplevelsen för kunden. Den teori som har använts i denna studie omfattar områdena Omni  kanaler, marknadsföring och detaljhandel, allmän detaljhandel och dess kundupplevelse , beslut oc...

Abort inom den islamiska rättstraditionen

OpenAIRE

Sayed, Mosa

2013-01-01

Den svenska patientpopulationens stora heterogenitet, exempelvis med hänsyn till etnicitet, kultur, religion och nationell härkomst, kan på olika sätt påverka hur patienter uppfattar vad som utgör god vård. Islam och muslimer utgör idag en del av det svenska samhället och representerar en beaktansvärd del av dem som vänder sig till hälso- och sjukvården. Forskning om islam och frågor rörande hälso- och sjukvård i den svenska kontexten är dock begränsad. Inte minst gäller det synen på abort in...

Word-of-blog : Hur WOM på bloggar påverkar ett företags försäljning

OpenAIRE

Larsson, Sara; Johansson, Johanna

2010-01-01

Företag har länge använt sig av samtal mellan människor för att sprida budskap om produkter, tjänster och varumärken. Forskare visade redan på 1950-talet att denna typ av informella konversationer, även kallad word-of-mouth (WOM), påverkar konsumenters köpbeteende och företags försäljning. I och med utvecklandet av Internet har WOM fått ytterligare uppmärksamhet och idag ser vi att fler och fler företag använder sig av kanaler såsom internetforum och bloggar som del av sin marknadsföring. Tro...

Doping and Public Health

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Ask Vest

rad av världens främsta idrottsvetare och dopningsexperter hade mött upp för att presentera papers till en intresserad och engagerad publik. Temat för konferensen var "Doping and Public Health", och den aspekten behandlades också; dock tolkade flera presentatörer temat på sina egna vis, och hela...

Nuclear Energy, Geothermal Energy and the Environment. Reports to the Energy Commission's Expertgroup for Safety and Environment. Kaernenergi, geotermisk energi och miljoe. Underlagsrapporter till rapport om miljoeeffekter och risker vid utnyttjandet av energi fraan Expertgruppen foer saekerhet och miljoe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1978-01-01

This volume contains reports on uranium mining, working conditions in the different stages of the nuclear fuel cycle, risks at storage of spent fuel elements, environmental impact of future reactor technology, effects of waste heat disposal and risks at geothermal energy extraction in Sweden. These reports have been use by the expert group to produce their final paper.

AUTOMATION AV GALLERKLIPPARE

OpenAIRE

Taboada Vargas, Marco Antonio

2016-01-01

Detta examensarbete handlar om automatisering och assistans att CE-märka en maskin. Arbetet innefattade automationsplanering, tillverkning av elskåp, montering på maskin och igångkörning. Automationsplaneringen bestod av elritningar och programmering. Elsystemet bestod av elskåp med bl.a. programmerbar logik, touch-panel och säkerhetskomponenter. CE-märkning utfördes enligt de direktiv, standarder och säkerhetsföreskrifter som bör följas. Nu med det nya automatiserade systemet är samm...

BIM som Informationsbärare in i Förvaltningen : En studie vid Forsmarks Kraftgrupp

OpenAIRE

Svens, Therése

2013-01-01

BIM, Building Information Modeling, börjar vinna mark inom byggbranschen i Sverige och är en vedertagen process i vart och vartannat byggprojekt. Forsmarks Kraftgrupp står inför både upprustningar av sina anläggningar och nyproduktion av bland annat kontor, verkstad och hotell. BIM framstår nu som en lukrativ metod för att dra ner på projektkostnaderna, men även för att få ytterligare ordning och struktur på den enorma mängd dokumentation som ackumulerat under de dryga trettio åren av drift. ...

En obekväm sanning eller en stor bluff? : En analys av den visuella gestaltningen av fenomenet "global uppvärmning" i filmmediet

OpenAIRE

Eriksson, Anton; Oretoft, Mikael

2010-01-01

En uppsats som kritiskt granskar och analyserar den visuella gestaltningen i två dokumentärfilmer. Huvudtemat i filmerna är global uppvärmning och konsekvenserna av detta. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka den visuella gestaltningen av den miljödebatt som filmerna är en del i och genom detta belysa frågor som berör visuell kultur och popularisering av vetenskap.

Policies, strategies and systems for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel; Principer, strategier och system foer slutligt omhaendertagande av anvaent kaernbraensle

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grundfelt, Bertil (Kemakta Konsult AB (Sweden))

2010-12-15

In this report an up-to-date account is made of the status of different principles, strategies and systems for the management and disposal of spent nuclear fuel. As large scale use of nuclear power for the production of electricity began in the 1960s and 1970s, studies of various principles and strategies for the management of the spent nuclear fuel were initialised. In particular in the USA, comprehensive studies were conducted of all strategies described in this report

High temperature corrosion in biomass- and waste fired boilers. A status report; Kunskapslaeget betraeffande hoegtemperaturkorrosion i aangpannor foer biobraensle och avfall

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Henderson, P; Ifwer, K; Staalenheim, A; Montgomery, M; Hoegberg, J; Hjoernhede, A

2006-12-15

Many biomass- or waste-fired plants have problems with high temperature corrosion on the furnace walls or at the superheaters, especially if the steam temperature is greater than 500 deg C. An increase in the combustion of waste fuels means that an increasing number of boilers have had problems. Therefore, there is great interest from plant owners to reduce the costs associated with high temperature corrosion. At the same time there exists a considerable driving force towards improving the electrical efficiency of a plant by the use of more advanced steam data. The purpose of the work presented here was to answer three main questions: What can be done to reduce high temperature corrosion with current fuel blends and steam temperatures? How can more waste fuels be burnt without an increased risk for corrosion? What needs to be done to reach higher steam temperatures in the future? The level of knowledge of high temperature corrosion in biomass- and waste-fired boilers has been described and summarised. The following measures are recommended to reduce corrosion in existing plant: Make sure that the fuel is well mixed and improve fuel feeding to obtain a more even spread of the fuel over the cross-section of the boiler. Use combustion technology methods to stabilize the oxygen content of the flue gases near the membrane walls and other heat transfer surfaces. Experiment with additives and/or supplementary fuels which contain sulphur in some form, for example peat. Reduce the flue gas temperature at the superheaters. Review soot-blowing procedures or protect heat transfer surfaces from soot blowers. Evaluate coated membrane wall panels in parts of the furnace that experience the worst corrosion. Test more highly alloyed steels suitable for superheaters and when replacing a superheater change to a more highly alloyed steel. For the future, the following should be considered: The role of sulphur needs to be investigated more and other additives should be investigated. Waste products that can reduce fouling and corrosion should be identified. Testing of high-alloyed steels, nickel-base alloys and coatings is needed. Also a better understanding of why some alloys are better than others. New boiler designs with reduced flue gas temperatures near the superheaters. Continue with better mixing of different fuel fractions and improved fuel feeding Improve boiler control to remove the CO peaks. Design superheaters with a larger gap between the loops and use less soot blowing.

Residential energy efficiency: changes in household chores for women and men; Energieffektivisering i bostaden. Foeraendringar i hushaallsarbete foer kvinnor och maen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carlsson-Kanyama, Annika; Wulff, Petter [Swedish Defence Research Agency, Stockholm (Sweden); Linden, Anna-Lisa [Lund Univ. (Sweden)

2005-12-15

A substantial amount of energy is used in the residential sector. Many of the measures that residents can apply by themselves to save energy demand a change in behaviour, and thus everyday life is altered. It is common for women and men to take on different responsibilities in the household when they live together. Women spend more time on household chores and take the main responsibility for washing and cooking. In this study, we investigated how behaviour changed when women and men took part in various types of energy-saving campaigns. The data were obtained through 30 interviews in four different locations in Sweden. The results showed substantial adaptation and changes in behaviour. Examples included lowering room temperatures during the night, avoiding the use of tumble-dryers, replacing baths with showers, turning off lights, using energy-saving light bulbs, cooking and washing during hours when electricity is cheap and refitting the house for higher energy efficiency. The changes needed for this adaptation imply that women take on new responsibilities in areas that are their traditional territory, including many tasks carried out on a daily basis such as washing and drying clothes. Men often take on new responsibilities within the sphere of their traditional territory, such as building alterations or installing new equipment. These tasks are typically carried out during short periods and are mainly relevant in owner-occupied residences.

Energy statistics for single-family houses, apartment buildings and non-residential premises in 2012; Energistatistik foer smaahus, flerbostadshus och lokaler 2012

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2013-07-01

This report presents a summary of energy use and heating method in Swedish buildings (2012). The report covers basically three surveys - energy use in houses, in apartment buildings and premises. These three studies are first published separately. The results are then processed further, with the aim to provide a comprehensive picture of energy use in permanently occupied dwellings (houses and apartments) and commercial buildings (excluding industrial premises). This report presents the results of these operations.

System identification methodology for grate modeling. Black- and grey-box models; Metodik foer modellering av foerbraenningsrost med systemidentifiering. Svart- och graalaademodeller

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lundgren, Astrid; Sjoeberg, Jonas; Ramstroem Erik; Sunnerstam, Fredrik

2004-10-01

The possibility to use system identification to model combustion on a grate was studied. The identification was based on collected data from the combustion unit, data which was used to determine the model parameters. A number of step response experiments have been performed, for instance with varying pusher speed and air supply. No clear response was seen and thus it is concluded that the system is poorly excited. The initial requirements on the input parameters were not met. For instance many of the input parameters are co-varying with each other which limits the possibilities to single out the influence from each parameter on the combustion process. This will obstruct the identification procedure. In an attempt to improve the model, and compensate for the poor data, theoretical insights, i.e. a mass- and heat balances, have been included. Two model approaches were suggested, one based on the measured grate temperature, and another based on the fuel bed extension on the grate (particularly the position of the burn-out of the fuel). The first approach was implemented in an existing grey-box identification software MoCaVa, but the model output was concluded to be in poor agreement with measured data. The second approach was never tested since it could not be implemented in the MoCaVa software due to a discontinuous optimisation criteria. Instead a linear model based on the grate temperature has been used for comparison. In this model, it was shown that the response time of the grate temperature signal is significantly shorter than the fuel transportation time on the grate, thus a change in grate temperature is not only a result of the fuel transport. Radiation and conduction of heat to the grate is influencing the grate temperature and needs to be included in future modeling work. A strategy in order to separate the response from each signal during normal operation have been suggested. In future work the model need to be identified by exciting the system further and without covariance of the parameters. The time of each experiment needs to increase since the time constant of the system is long. Also it could be of interest to sample (and control) the fuel composition to the boiler, which is preferably done in a laboratory scale equipment. In this work, all models have the grate temperatures as output. This was motivated by the fact that this temperature is simple to measure and that it indicates the char burn out zone position on the grate. However, it is suggested for future work that the power output, also could be used as a model output. For instance the primary air might decrease the grate temperature due to convective cooling or it might increase the temperature due to more intense combustion in the fuel bed resting on the grate. If the convective cooling and the more intense combustion are in the same order of magnitude, the influence on the grate temperature from primary air will be low. It is believed that the power output is a better model output than the grate temperature, from which the grate temperature and the burn-out zone can be estimated.

Methodology for geometric modelling. Presentation and administration of site descriptive models; Metodik foer geometrisk modellering. Presentation och administration av platsbeskrivande modeller

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Munier, Raymond [Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co., Stockholm (Sweden); Hermanson, Jan [Golder Associates (Sweden)

2001-03-01

This report presents a methodology to construct, visualise and present geoscientific descriptive models based on data from the site investigations, which the SKB currently performs, to build an underground nuclear waste disposal facility in Sweden. It is designed for interaction with SICADA (SKB:s site characterisation database) and RVS (SKB:s Rock Visualisation System). However, the concepts of the methodology are general and can be used with other tools capable of handling 3D geometries and parameters. The descriptive model is intended to be an instrument where site investigation data from all disciplines are put together to form a comprehensive visual interpretation of the studied rock mass. The methodology has four main components: 1. Construction of a geometrical model of the interpreted main structures at the site. 2. Description of the geoscientific characteristics of the structures. 3. Description and geometrical implementation of the geometric uncertainties in the interpreted model structures. 4. Quality system for the handling of the geometrical model, its associated database and some aspects of the technical auditing. The geometrical model forms a basis for understanding the main elements and structures of the investigated site. Once the interpreted geometries are in place in the model, the system allows for adding descriptive and quantitative data to each modelled object through a system of intuitive menus. The associated database allows each geometrical object a complete quantitative description of all geoscientific disciplines, variabilities, uncertainties in interpretation and full version history. The complete geometrical model and its associated database of object descriptions are to be recorded in a central quality system. Official, new and old versions of the model are administered centrally in order to have complete quality assurance of each step in the interpretation process. The descriptive model is a cornerstone in the understanding of the investigated site and forms a basis for subsequent planning of the repository layout as well as for safety assessment studies.

Knowledge basis concerning the market for electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids (KAMEL); Kunskapsunderlag angaaende marknaden foer elfordon och laddhybrider (KAMEL)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

2009-07-01

The Swedish Energy Agency is proposing a four-year demonstration and development program to support the market introduction of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids (electric vehicle applications). This in light of the uncertainties in the market introduction of vehicles, cost of key components such as batteries, the possibility of industrial development in Sweden and the uncertainty of how to complement to existing charging infrastructure in an socioeconomic way. In addition to this, the more general aid to electric cars and plug-in hybrids is to be reviewed. Today, electric vehicles, hybrids, ethanol vehicles, bio-gas vehicles and fuel-efficient vehicles, are supported by the green car definition and the environmental classification system. Furthermore, ethanol vehicles and biogas vehicles have support through tax reduction for biofuels. Overall, community support for electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids is lower than for the introduction of ethanol vehicles and biogas vehicles which do not reflect the environmental benefits they have. The review of the general subsidies for electric vehicles and the support through a demonstration program represent a concerted strategy to overcome the initially very high additional cost of these vehicles

Konstruktionen av stress : En kvalitativ studie om hur stress upplevs i banksektorn

OpenAIRE

Blohm, Martin; Konradsson, Axel

2017-01-01

Bakgrund: Arbetslivet förändras ständigt till följd av digitaliseringen och tillgången till information ökar kraftigt. Banksektorn är en av de sektorer som påverkats mest av dessa förändringar och studier har visat att arbetsrelaterad stress ökar till följd av detta. Det är lätt att utifrån studier och fackliga undersökningar förknippa stress i banksektorn med arbetsmiljöproblem eftersom fokus ligger på ohälsa och sjukskrivning. Samtidigt vill många människor arbeta i banksektorn och i andra ...

Waste heat recovery from SSAB’s Steel plant in Oxelösund using a Heat Pump

OpenAIRE

Abbas Sohani, Amir

2016-01-01

Detta projekt är inriktat på spillvärmepotentialer inom järn och stålindustrin. Högtemperaturvärme-pumpar för medelvarma temperaturkällor har modellerats. SSABs stålverk i Oxelusund har använts som exempel. Järn- och stålindustrin i Sverige är storkonsument av energi, tillsammans med pappers och massaindustrin. Det finns också en stor potential för spillvärmeåtervinning i stålindustrin. Det görs redan i Luleå t ex [1]. Järn och stålindustrins produktionsmetoder och spillvärmeåtervinning, spec...

Du kan, men du gör inget. : En studie av utvecklingssamtal på ett gymnasium.

OpenAIRE

Måhl, Anna

2007-01-01

Mitt syfte med denna uppsats är att studera tre elevvårdskonferenser för att först se om deras innehåll överensstämmer med vad Cilla Lindblom Larsson skriver om utvecklings-samtal på grundskolan, att de handlar om pojkarnas skolbeteende och de råd och anvis-ningar pojkarna får där är moraliserande och tillrättavisande, och sedan undersöka hur samtalsstrukturen ser ut i dessa konferenser. I arbetets första del undersöker jag vad dessa elevvårdskonferenser handlar om och kommer fram till att de...

Bilderboken ur ett genusperspektiv : En bilderboksanalys av tre svenska böcker som utmanar stereotypa könsroller

OpenAIRE

Malmqvist, Hanna

2015-01-01

Syftet med denna studie är att se hur några bilderböcker utmanar de stereotypa könsrollerna. Jag kommer att granska hur pojkar och flickor framställs ur ett genusperspektiv och även titta på hur text och bild kompletterar varandra, med hjälp av Nikolajevas (2000) analysmodell för bilderböcker. Jag har valt att analysera tre stycken böcker och två av dessa har pojkar som huvudkaraktärer och en har en flicka som huvudkaraktär. Med den medvetenhet man har idag kring genus så kan dessa böcker var...

First green kit : ett inredningsprojekt för det offentliga uterummet

OpenAIRE

Danielsson, Ida

2008-01-01

Projektet omfattas av ett parkprojekt med analyser och gestaltning av grönstrukturer i Nynäshamns stad. Inriktningen är utformning av allmänna utrymmen i det offentliga uterummet med fokus att öka tillgängligheten och tillgången av grönytor och parker. Projektet syftar i att skapa värdefulla platser för ökad trygghet och trivsel. Målsättningen är också att visualisera en vision om rum för upplevelser och aktiviteter. Rum i vilka allmänheten frivilligt vistas om den fysiska miljön är god. Stad...

Vasalund preschool

OpenAIRE

Wettervik, Erik

2016-01-01

När jag började projektet pratade jag med flertalet förskolepedagoger i min bekantskapskrets och sökte upp så mycket information jag kunde om förskoleverksamhet i allmänhet och vad som är önskvärt i en förskolemiljö. Utifrån det listade jag ett antal punkter på vad som vore önskvärt i och omkring min byggnad som jag hela tiden förhållit mig till. Förskolans volym och riktning anpassar sig till de omkring liggande villorna med den sammansatta volymen, utblickar och de olika takhöjderna. Taket...

Är vi där än? - BIM inom produktion och försäljning : En fallstudie om hur BIM kan utveckla byggföretaget

OpenAIRE

Eriksson, Christoffer; Hansson, Mikaela

2013-01-01

Titania köpte hösten 2010 in programvaran Revit för att skapa möjligheten att kunna BIM-projektera sina ROT-projekt. En övergång från 2D-projektering har ännu inte skett då den allmänna synen inom företaget är att projekten innehåller för många komplexa delar i utförandet och därför bör lösas på plats. Idag säljer Titania sina råvindslägenheter när dessa står färdiga men de har som mål att tidigarelägga försäljningen av sina projekt, om detta ska kunna ske måste företaget ha mer material att ...

Utveckling av riktningsanalys exergiberäkningar i Luleå och Strängnäs kommuner eller Hur kan man veta om man hushållar med resurserna på ett hållbart sätt?

OpenAIRE

Delin, Staffan; Gundelius, Eva

1998-01-01

Bakgrunden till projektet är den riktningsanalys som utvecklades av Eva Grundelius år 1991. Riktningsanalysen som är uppbyggd kring sex frågor fungerar som en checklista för hållbar utveckling. Den kan användas i många slag av beslutssituationer. För att göra riktningsanalysen mer operativ och kvantifierbar har den i detta projekt kopplats samman med en exergianalys. Exergi är ett fysiskt mått på resursers värde. Denna analys görs med utgångspunkt från det livsuppehållande systemet, ekosystem...

Webbaserad pedagogisk meritportfölj - från idé till verklighet

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jakob Johansson

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Pedagogisk meritering och pedagogiska meritportföljer har under det senaste decenniet fått ökad uppmärksamhet. Idag (mars 2011 ger en sökning på Google® 6 140 respektive 1 990 träffar på dessa två sökord. Många av träffarna på Google® handlar om högskolors rekommendationer att dokumentera pedagogiska meriter, men antalet publicerade artiklar i detta ämne är mycket få. Högskolan behöver bra lärare och för att uppnå det så måste undervisning och andra utbildningsinsatser uppmärksammas och belönas. Användandet av pedagogiska meritportföljer anses öka betydelsen av undervisningsinsatsen vid anställningar och befordran och är ett sätt att professionalisera undervisning (Fayne, 1991. Många högskolor och universitet har utarbetat handlingsplaner för hur pedagogiska meriter ska dokumenteras och bedömas liksom strategier för hur medarbetarna ska utveckla sin pedagogiska skicklighet. ”Uppifrån” finns således både skrivna dokument och viljan och intentionen att premiera pedagogiska insatser. Trots detta upplever många medarbetare att pedagogiska insatser inte lönar sig att dokumentera då dessa meriter inte värderas tillräckligt högt, exempelvis i jämförelse med forskningsmeriter. Samtidigt vittnar pedagogiskt sakkunniga om att de pedagogiska meritportföljer som de ombeds granska (vid exempelvis tjänstetillsättningar ofta är ostrukturerade och av varierande kvalité. För att pedagogiska meriter ska få avsedd tyngd vid tjänstetillsättningar fordras att de redovisas på ett sätt som gör det möjligt för sakkunniga att värdera dem. Bedömning av både vetenskapliga och pedagogiska meriter görs i många fall av sakkunniga utan särskild pedagogisk utbildning och de pedagogiska meriterna anses generellt mer svårbedömda än de vetenskapliga (Lindberg, 1997. Någon form av standardisering och mallar i samband med presentation av pedagogiska meriter bör därför kunna vara till hjälp för s

Greger Anderson & Ursula Geisler: Fruktan, fascination, frändskap [... etc.

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fjeldsøe, Michael

2007-01-01

review essay: Greger Andersson & Ursula Geisler (eds.), Fruktan, fascination och frändskap. Det svenska musiklivet och nazismen, Malmö, 2006; Henrik Karlsson, Det fruktade märket. Wilhelm Peterson-Berger, antisemitismen och antinazismen, Malmö, 2005; Horst Weber and Stefan Drees (eds.), Quellen z...

Billedet af Øresundsregionen i danske og svenske medier

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ørsten, Mark; Eberholst, Mads Kæmsgaard; Falkheimer, Jesper

2012-01-01

Den svenska mediebilden av Danmark kan summeras: - SEX, DRUGS, EL, SPORT OCH ROCK´N ROLL – Gratistidningar och nationella svenska mediers bevakning domineras av en enkel servicejournalistik om Öresundsregionen, men inte av brott som man kanske kan tro, säger Jesper Falkheimer, medieforskare och...

Utveckling av examination av examensarbeten på kandidatnivå

OpenAIRE

Trofast, Tobias; Haugum, Dag; Lundberg, Jonas; Nygren, Victoria; Nyström, Tommie; Svensson, Gary; Thunborg, Maria; Törnqvist, Tomas

2012-01-01

Detta paper beskriver arbetet med att utveckla en modell för utveckling av examination av examensarbeten på kandidatnivå (UEX) vid Institutionen för Teknik och Naturvetenskap, Linköpings Universitet under läsåret 2010-2011. Modellen har utvecklats och testats vid utbildningsprogrammet Grafisk Design och Kommunikation (GDK), men med syfte att kunna appliceras även på andra kandidatprograms examensarbete. Det projektet prövat är om man kan höja kvaliteten på examensarbeten och effektiviteten i ...

"Mu vend mu õde ja mina põgeneme Valguskoonused kalduvad ..." = "Min bror min syster och jag flyr Ljuskäglor välter över vägkanten ..." : [luuletused] / Catharina Gripenberg ; tlk. Juta-Tiia Mägi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Gripenberg, Catharina

2004-01-01

Sisu: "Mu vend mu õde ja mina põgeneme Valguskoonused kalduvad ..." = "Min bror min syster och jag flyr Ljuskäglor välter över vägkanten ..."; "Tean, et kajad vastavad, aga väga lühidalt. Valad sa välja oma ..." = "Vet att ekon svarar, men i all korthet. Gjuter du ut ditt hjärta ..."; "Kirjasõber, ma otsin välja jääkraabitsa ..." = "Brevvän, jag lagrar upp med fönsterskapare ..."; "Säravselge hommik. Linnupojad trügivad välja kolbast ..." = "Det var en glasklar morgon. Fågelungarna knuffas från skallen ..."; Armastuskiri = Kärleksbrev

Preparation of Ultra Low-κ Porous SiOCH Films from Ring-Type Siloxane with Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Side Chains by Spin-On Deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chun-Xiao, Yang; Chi, Zhang; Qing-Qing, Sun; Sai-Sheng, Xu; Li-Feng, Zhang; Yu, Shi; Shi-Jin, Ding; Wei, Zhang

2010-01-01

An ultra-low-dielectric-constant (ultra low-k, or ULK) porous SiOCH film is prepared using a single ring-type siloxane precursor of the 2,4,6,8-tetravinyl-2,4,6,8-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane by means of spin-on deposition, followed by crosslinking reactions between the precursor monomers under UV irradiation. The as-prepared film has an ultra low k of 2.41 at 1 MHz due to incorporation of pores and hydrocarbon crosslinkages, a leakage current density of 9.86 × 10 −7 A/cm 2 at 1 MV/cm, as well as a breakdown field strength of ∼1.5 MV/cm. Further, annealing at 300°C results in lower k (i.e., 1.94 at 1 MHz), smaller leakage current density (2.96 × 10 −7 A/cm 2 at 1 MV/cm) and higher breakdown field strength (about 3.5 MV/cm), which are likely caused by the short-ranged structural rearrangement and reduction of defects in the film. Finally, the mechanical properties and surface morphology of films are also evaluated after different temperature annealing. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

Hur fungerar datorer? : En fallstudie av att utveckla pedagogisk multimedia för ett datorhistoriskt museum.

OpenAIRE

Ahl, Linda

2004-01-01

Få människor vet hur datorer fungerar, vilka komponenter de är uppbyggda av och hur dessa samverkar. I detta examensarbete har en prototyp till en multimediepresentation utvecklats. Presentationen kommer att placeras på ett datorhistoriskt museum och dess syfte kommer där att vara att hjälpa människor förstå hur datorer fungerar. Prototypen är baserad på bilder och enklare animationer som förklarar samverkan och funktion hos de olika datorkomponenterna, bland annat genom att visa scenarier so...

I skuggan av mitt forna jag : Unga kvinnors upplevelser av våldsutsatthet

OpenAIRE

Hellgren, Åsa; Nordström, Alexandra

2016-01-01

Bakgrund: Våld i parrelationer hos ungdomar har ökat de senaste åren och blivit ett stort problem. Våldet kan leda till att de utsatta unga kvinnorna kan få både fysiska och psykiska hälsoproblem som påverkar deras framtid. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Som teoretisk referensram används Kari Martinsens teori om omsorg, inkluderande Martinsens begrepp om det förnimmande och det registrerade ögat, samt begreppen skuld och skam. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva de unga kv...

Det halvt dolda

OpenAIRE

Åberg, Elina

2015-01-01

I projektet utformas ett hotell med 34 rum i utkanten av den lilla historiska staden Mariefred, som ligger vid Mälaren 65 km från Stockholm. Hotellet utgörs av en kvadratisk volym med tegelfasad och avfasat hörn, belägen på en platt tomt intill museijärnvägen. Staden domineras i fonden av Gripsholms slott, och hotellets placering underordnar sig slottet och bevarar viktiga siktlinjer. Programmet innehåller utöver centrala funktioner som hotellrum, lobby  och restaurang även en biosalong i bot...

”Ett vackert hem börjar med golvet” : Linoleummattan i Sverige under tidigt 1900- tal

OpenAIRE

Nordström, Frida

2013-01-01

Denna uppsats handlar hur samhällsströmningar i samhället under tidigt 1900-tal påverkade användningen av linoleum i hemmen och i arkitekturen i Sverige. Även utseendet på linoleummattor och tillverkningssätt undersöks. Undersökningen omfattar också den svenska linoleumtillverkaren Forshaga linoleum och andra typer av golvmattor som har tillverkats av dem.
 
 Linoleum uppfanns av Fredrick Walton på 1860-talet och hade sin storhetstid under de kommande 100 åren. Linoleum är tillv...

”Varken E=mc2 eller Det förlorade paradiset rafsades ihop av en festprisse” : En kvalitativ studie om introvert beteende i skolan

OpenAIRE

Larsson, Sofie; Nordqvist, Micaela

2015-01-01

Denna studie syftar till att lyfta fram begreppet introvert i skolvärlden genom att undersöka hur introverta beteenden kan påverka elevers utbildning. Vi lyfter även fram lärares tillskrivande av introvert beteende. Vi utgår ifrån Jung och H.J. Eysencks definitioner av begreppet introvert samt tar upp olika beteendeteorier och perspektiv på introvert beteende för att kunna identifiera och analysera våra resultat. Studiens metod är en empirisk datainsamling i form av observationer och intervju...

Atmospheric chemistry of C₄F₉O(CH₂)₃OC₄F₉ and CF₃CFHCF₂O (CH₂)₃OCF₃CFHCF₂

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Toft, A. M.; Hurley, M. D.; Wallington, T. J.

2006-01-01

FTIR smog chamber techniques were used to measure k(Cl + CF3CFHCF2O(CH2)(3)OCF2CFHCF3) = (2.97 +/- 0.17) x 10(-12) k(OH + CF3CFHCF2O(CH2)(3)OCF2CFHCF3) = (2.45 +/- 0.14) x 10(-13), k(Cl + C4F9O(CH2)(3)OC4F9) = (1.45 +/- 0.16) x 10(-12), and k(OH + C4F9O(CH2)(3)OC4F9) = (1.44 +/- 0.10) x 10(-13) c...

Influence of production system, age an sex on carcass parameters and some biochemical meat quality characteristics of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sabine Sampels

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Carcass composition in reindeer is affected by feed intake and the age and sex of the animal. Studies have also shown that age, sex, carcass trim fat content and total intramuscular fat content (IMF influence lipid class composition. The aim of this study was to compare lipid class composition and IMF in relation to carcass weight, conformation and trim fat content, and to investigate how these parameters are affected by age, sex and different feed sources. Five groups of reindeer were studied. Two groups of calves were fed two grain-based pelleted feeds with different lipid compositions for approximately two months before slaughter. One of these groups was fed with conventional pellets, and the other with pellets enriched with linseed cake to increase the amount of n-3 fatty acids in the diet. Three groups of grazing reindeer were also included in the study, consisting of adult males, adult females or calves. Reindeer calves fed pellets had higher slaughter weights, higher trim fat content and better carcass conformation scores compared to the grazing calves. However, there was no significant difference in IMF between pellet-fed and grazing calves. Adult female reindeer had the highest and grazing calves the lowest slaughter weights, trim fat and IMF. There was no difference in lipid class composition in meat from calves fed with the two pelleted feeds, whereas grazing calves had a higher amount of phospholipids. Squalene was identified and quantified as a component of intramuscular lipids in reindeer meat. Effekt av produktionssystem, ålder och kön på slaktkroppskvalitet och några biokemiska egenskaper hos renköttAbstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Slaktkroppssammansättningen hos renar påverkas av både foderintag, fodersammansättning och djurens ålder och kön. Tidigare har vi visat att renens kön, ålder, mängden intramuskulärt fett (IMF och putsfett på slaktkroppen påverkar sammansättningen av lipidklasser. Syftet med denna

After Chernobyl. Consequences for energy policy, nuclear safety, radiation protection and environment protection. Efter Tjernobyl. Konsekvenser foer energipolitik, kaernsaekerhet, straalskydd och miljoeskydd

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1986-01-01

The basic problems of the safety of nuclear power have been elucidated. The cause of the Chernobyl accident and its effects are discussed. The impact of this accident on the evaluation of Swedish nuclear safety is dealt with, and recommendations concerning increased safety when nuclear power accidents take place in other countries are presented. The environmental and economic consequences of early decommissioning of the Barsebaeck power plant are discussed as well as the general aspects of nuclear power phaseout in Sweden.

Biomass functions for tree fractions from pine, spruce, and birch in Sweden; Biomassafunktioner foer traedfraktioner av tall, gran och bjoerk i Sverige

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Petersson, Hans

1999-07-01

This report describes new functions for estimation of the biomass of a tree, separated in a number of fractions. The functions will be used to estimate the potential supply of wood fuel from the forests, and to make calculations of bound carbon and indirect nitrogen balance in the forest.

Biological effects in limed forests; Biologiska effekter i kalkad skog. Aarsrapport 1998. Effektuppfoeljning av Skogsstyrelsens program foer kalkning och vitaliseringsgoedsling av skogsmark

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Larsson, Per-Erik; Akselsson, Cecilia; Bengtsson, Roland; Bjelke, Ulf

1999-10-01

The Swedish Board of Forestry experimental work with liming and vitalising (nutrient compensation) of forest soil includes an extensive review program of the effects of this work. Results from the experimental work are presented in annual reports. This report gives an account of the review program carried out to indicate the results of the biological effects. The studies are performed within the Swedish Board of Forestry's large-scale experiments with the liming and vitalising fertilisation of forest soil. The report covers the time period, or parts of the period, from 1991 to 1998. The results in short are as follows: (1) Benthic invertebrate: The investigation revealed that a dose of 3 tonnes per hectare was insufficient to have a substantial effect on the fauna in acidified streams during the first seven years after treatment. An increase in the number of species and taxon or larger bio-diversity could not be confirmed. No indications of harmful effects on the fauna, caused by high lime concentrations, were found., (2) Benthic algae: Changes to benthic flora in streams after soil treatment was minimal. The total number of species increased slightly after lime treatment. At the same time the number of acid indicating species diminished. In other words, the decrease in acidity has improved the water quality. No negative effects, as a result of soil treatment were found., (3) Nutritional status in needles: The trees reacted quickly to the treatments. The soil treatment led to an increase in levels of calcium in the needles. Treatment using wood ash and the vitalising agent 'Skogvital' led to an increase in calcium and boron levels. Treatment using a mixture of wood ash and lime resulted in increased magnesium and manganese levels. Samples were taken one and three years respectively after treatment. A longer period of time is required to carry out a detailed evaluation of the nutritional status of the needles., and (4) Tree vitality: It is not possible to identify any variations in needle loss comparing limed areas and untreated reference areas during the six-year study. Similarly in the observation areas set up by the Swedish Board of Forestry, there was no evidence of any reductions in needle loss in spruce forest during the test period.

Laws, directives and policy instruments important for the development of the waste management system; Lagar, direktiv och styrmedel viktiga foer avfallssystemets utveckling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nilsson, Karolina; Sundberg, Johan

2010-01-15

This report gives a survey and a description of present and future policy instruments that have been or will become important for the development of the waste management system. Policy instruments here refers to laws, directives, taxes/fees, national/local goals and other regulating measures that the society introduce to steer the development of the waste management system. This work can thus be used as a dictionary or a guideline for these measures. The investigation has two goals: 1. To give representatives of the Swedish waste management system a summary of important policy instruments for the future development of the waste management system. 2. To give Waste Refinery a summary of these policy instruments that can be used for the discussions of how the research within the centre should develop during stage 2. A large number of policy instruments have been found during the study. These instruments have been, most likely will become, or may become important for the development of the waste management system. Most of them are described in this report. The selection made is presented in Table 1. Focus for the selection has been policy instruments that are important for the research activities within Waste Refinery, meaning policy instruments that direct or indirect can change the use of thermal and/or biological treatment as well as techniques and methods supporting these treatment methods. [Table 1. Policy instruments that are presented in the report

Towards higher transparency and efficiency in energy taxation. Energy taxation and environmental policy in a small open economy; Foer oekad transparens och effektivitet i energibeskattningen. Energibeskattning och miljoepolitik i en liten oeppen ekonomi

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Normann, Goeran (and others)

2002-11-01

The accrual of energy taxation has led to a complex structure of taxes and charges that are characterized by instability and low efficiency. Other reasons for analyzing the system is the pressure from our contractual responsibilities within the European Union and the raised ambitions in the environmental policy. The report leads to the conclusion that it would be motivated to separate fiscal energy taxation from measures to internalize environmental costs that the market does not register. This separation would make it possible to create a more transparent and rational energy taxation. The fiscal energy taxation ought to be a broad, value-based tax, equal for all energy sources. Value-based means, besides the energy content in kWh, also properties such as conversion and distribution costs. Two alternatives are suggested for the fiscal energy taxation: A separate consumption tax on energy. Such a tax would amount to 48% to produce the same income as the fiscal elements of today's energy taxes. Another alternative would be to include the fiscal energy tax in the value added tax. This would raise the standard VAT level to 30%, if the lower VAT levels are kept unchanged. With this model, consumption of energy would be treated as any other consumption. The environmental policy measures against greenhouse gases should be delt with through a system with international trade with emission quotas for such gases. Measures against other external effects from energy use are not suggested in this report, except for the opinion that economic incentives are preferable to regulations. The initial allocation of quotas ought to be done through an auction, since this method would give lower national costs than the alternatives. The system should cover all greenhouse gases and (almost) all sources which indicates that an upstream solution would be best with low administrative costs. A safety vent should be considered, so that extreme costs for CO{sub 2}-emissions are avoided, if e.g. the economic growth is higher than expected.

Lam lam o lam (6/4 e)

OpenAIRE

2011-01-01

Laulun sanat: Lam, lam o lam, Så undersan, Förtryckt, försökt; Dock likväl älskadt högt! Mitt hjerta är ej mitt, Men ditt: Din lön, Guds Lam, För hån och skam, För sårens flod Och för ditt kors och blod.

Digital Materia

OpenAIRE

Lindgren, Marcus; Richey, Emma

2014-01-01

Med tankar från pedagogen Montessori och filosoferna Platon och Baudrillard har detta arbete behandlat frågor om datorn och dess betydelse för en grafiker. Frågeställningen formulerades efter hand och lydde tillslut: ”Hur kan materia te sig i digital form?” Forskningen resulterade i en hypotes för hur digital materia skulle födas i datorn: genom att blanda två uppsättningar av data, såsom två genuppsättningar tillsammans skapar en ny organism. Under produktionen utvecklades därmed en metod fö...

Undervattensfotografering : Vattnets påverkan på ljus

OpenAIRE

Lönnström, Mathias

2011-01-01

Syftet med detta arbete var att jag skulle fördjupa mig i undervattensfotografering och diskutera skillnaderna mellan att fotografera i luft från att fotografera i vatten. Jag ville i och med min forskning bygga upp en kunskapsbank åt mig själv inför kommande projekt. Detta åstadkom jag genom att först studera teorin i böcker av Martin Edge och Blain Brown och på så sätt förbereda mig inför de praktiska fotograferingssessionerna jag senare utförde. Efteråt analyserade jag mina erfarenheter oc...

”… alla vill vi väl ha ett förhållande” : En studie om hur kvinnor i övre medelåldern upplever livet som singel

OpenAIRE

Nilsson, Clara

2014-01-01

Sverige är ett av världens mest individualistiska länder. Befolkningen utgörs till 46 procent av singlar och den största gruppen singlar är kvinnor i åldersgrupperna övre medelålder och äldre (Statistiska centralbyrån, 2012). Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att öka kunskapen kring hur svenska heterosexuella kvinnor i gruppen övre medelålder upplever singellivet. Jag använde mig utav välkända teorier och begrepp inom sociologin. De tillämpade teorierna och teoretiska begreppen var individualis...

Livsstilsinterventionens betydelse för arbetshälsan

OpenAIRE

Nyholm, Eva-Maija

2016-01-01

Arbetshälsan och arbetsplatsen som en hälsofrämjande arena lyfts fram som betydelsefulla faktorer då man diskuterar framtida utmaningar och den samhälleliga utvecklingen. Vi bör sträva efter en längre arbetskarriär med arbetshälsa, samt ökad produktivitet. Välmående i arbetsgemenskapen relateras indirekt till arbetsförmågan. Arbetsförmågan är beroende av medarbetarens upplevda hälsa och prestanda, kunnande, värden, attityd och motivation. Syfte med studien var att kartlägga livsstilsintervent...

Att lita på andras blodgåva : Åsikter om att homosexuella män i praktiken nekas donera blod

OpenAIRE

Elwin, Elin

2015-01-01

Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker vilka upp­fattningar sjuksköterskor och homo­sexuella män har kring reglerna för blodgivning, med inriktning på att homosexuella män i praktiken inte får donera blod. Studien har genomförts med kvalitativ intervju som metod. Resultatet framhäver att mina informanter klassificerat blod och människor olika, där både utländskt blod och svenskt blod rangordnas efter potentiell risk för smitta. Sjuksköterskorna och de homosexuella männen hanterar även reglerna olik...

Index viktat efter omsättning : Presterar ett index viktat efter omsättning bättre än ett index viktat efter börsvärde?

OpenAIRE

Walljaeger, Christoffer; Uhrdin, Susanna

2005-01-01

Om den effektiva marknadshypotesen inte gäller skulle varje aktie handlas över eller under aktiens verkliga värde. Om så är fallet skulle alla index som är viktade efter börsvärde automatiskt överexponeras när en aktie handlas över dess verkliga värde och underexponera när en aktie handlas under dess verkliga värde. Det här betyder att kapitalviktade index är fundamentalt och strukturellt bristfälliga och kommer kontinuerligt övervikta alla aktier som handlas över verkligt värde och undervikt...

Fattigdomens hjälplöshet – too hot to handle? Hur Astrid Lindgrens böcker om Madicken översatts i USA och Storbritannien

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nikolowski-Bogomoloff, Angelika

2011-03-01

Full Text Available In children’s literature, power relations are fundamentally assymetrical. This is furthermore accentuated in the process of translation where translation norms, social and cultural norms as well as the power game of adult authorities play a major part.The Swedish author Astrid Lindgren’s ideology is based on the notion that no aspects of life should be hidden from the child, making her thematize as well as break taboos in her writing for children. There has been extensive research on Lindgren’s authorship per se, but research on translations of her books seems to be limited. The fact that discussions on taboo elements in children’s books in general, and Lindgren’s source texts and target texts in particular are sparse indicates that this is a vast – and interesting – field still to be explored.This paper focuses on the American and British translations of Lindgren’s Madicken (1960 and Madicken och Junibackens Pims (1976 in order to find out why and to what extent these books were censored in translation.

Opto-electronic properties and light-emitting device application of widegap layered oxychalcogenides: LaCuOCh (Ch=chalcogen) and La2CdO2Se2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hiramatsu, Hidenori; Hirano, Masahiro; Kamioka, Hayato; Ueda, Kazushige; Ohta, Hiromichi; Kamiya, Toshio; Hosono, Hideo

2006-01-01

Electronic and optical properties of widegap oxychalcogenides, LaCuOCh (Ch chalcogen) and La 2 CdO 2 Se 2 , are reviewed with a focus on those relevant to their layered crystal structures, including high hole mobility, degenerate p-type conduction, room temperature exciton, and large third order optical nonlinearity. In particular, the widegap p-type metallic conduction was realized in Mg-doped LaCuOSe: the first demonstration among any class of widegap materials including GaN:Mg. Furthermore, we demonstrate the room temperature operation of a blue light-emitting diode using a pn hetero-junction composed of a LaCuOSe epilayer and an n-type amorphous InGaZn 5 O 8 . Those results strongly suggest that a series of the layered oxychalcogenides are applicable to the light-emitting layers in opto-electronic devices that operate in the ultraviolet-blue region as well as to transparent p-type conductors. (copyright 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (Abstract Copyright [2006], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Vitamin K3 analogs induce selective tumor cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma.

Science.gov (United States)

Kitano, Toru; Yoda, Hiroyuki; Tabata, Keiichi; Miura, Motofumi; Toriyama, Masaharu; Motohashi, Shigeyasu; Suzuki, Takashi

2012-01-01

We investigated the cytotoxicity of eight vitamin K3 (VK3) analogs against neuroblastoma cell lines (IMR-32, LA-N-1, NB-39, and SK-N-SH) and normal cell lines (human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF)) using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. 2-[(2-Methoxy)ethylthio]-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (VK3-OCH(3)) showed especially potent cytotoxic activities against neuroblastoma cells compared with normal cells. In a Hoechst 33342 staining experiment, apoptotic morphologies characterized by cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and nuclear fragmentation were observed in IMR-32 and LA-N-1 cells after 48 h of treatment with 10(-5) M of VK3-OCH(3). To clarify the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by VK3-OCH(3), we examined the expression of apoptosis related proteins using a Proteome Profiler Array and western blotting. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 was remarkably increased by VK3-OCH(3) compared with the control (173% in IMR-32 and 170% in LA-N-1 at 24 h). Moreover, caveolin-1 was induced by VK3-OCH(3) at 48 h. In addition, VK3-OCH(3) arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in IMR-32 cells. These results suggest that VK3-OCH(3) exhibited a selective antitumor activity via HO-1-related mechanisms.

Approaches to estimate body condition from slaughter records in reindeer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Olofsson

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Long-term fluctuations in population densities of reindeer and caribou are common, where pasture is the limiting resource. Pasture quality affects the nutritional status and production of the animals. Therefore, continuous information about changes in the grazing resources is important when making management decisions. The objective of this study was to investigate different possibilities of using routine and additional slaughter records as body condition indicators, and thereby indicators of pasture resources in the summer ranges of reindeer husbandry. Records from 696 reindeer slaughtered in the winter 2002/2003 were included in the study. We developed a model with carcass weight as body condition indicator and two different models combining fatness, conformation, carcass weight, and body size as body condition indicators. The results showed age and sex dependent differences between the variables, and differentiation of animal age and sex improved the precision of models. Adjusting weight for body size also improved weight as a body condition indicator in adults. Conformation and fatness had good resemblance to weight and body size adjusted weight and should preferably be included, together with carcass weight and body size measures, when estimating body condition from carcasses. Our analysis showed that using non-invasive slaughter records is a good and non-expensive method of estimating body condition in reindeer. Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag:Tillvägagångssätt för skattning avkroppskondition hos ren från slaktregistreringarFluktuationer i ren- och caribou-populationers täthet över tiden är vanliga då betet är en begränsad resurs och beteskvalitén påverkar djurens kondition och produktion. Kontinuerligt uppdaterad information om förändringar i betesresurserna är viktigt i samband med beslutsfattande om förvaltning avresurserna. Syftet med denna studie var att utvärdera olika möjliga sätt att anv

Standardiserade mätverktyg inom slutenvården – om möjligt, med betoning på röntgenverksamheter : En analys

OpenAIRE

Storm, Kent

2017-01-01

Att mäta och dokumentera kliniskt vårdarbetet har inte prioriterats inom röntgenverksamheter. Tillgång till jämförelsedata skulle möjliggöra olika former av standardisering för förbättrad vårdkvalitet och patientsäkerhet. Att SPC- diagram (statistisk process styrning diagram)  inte uppmärksammas får effekt på patientsäkerhetsarbetet. Aktuell studie avser att öka kunskapen om vilka mätverktyg som finns att tillgå, vilka svar de kan ge och deras användbarhet. Syftet var jämföra och analysera ol...

Kauppakaveri : Tjänsteutveckling åt de äldre

OpenAIRE

Haarala, Eveliina

2013-01-01

Det verkar som att tjänsteutveckling på senare tid blivit något som man anser trendigt. Jag deltog i ett par kurser i ämnet som var samordnade med Arcada och Svenska social- och kommunalhögskolan. I den ena av kurserna fick jag delta i en tjänsteutvecklingsprocess. Det här examensarbetets syfte är att rapportera om utvecklingsprocessen för en tjänst som är formgiven åt åldringar. Problemområdet i arbetet ligger inom de ensamma åldringarna och affärslivet som borde vakna upp och betjäna dem me...

Politisk TV-reklam : En jämförelse mellan partiernas valfilmer inför riksdagsvalet 2014

OpenAIRE

Ålbrink, Anna

2014-01-01

Politisk TV-reklam är ett relativt nytt fenomen i Sverige. Mot bakgrund av att partierna i reklamen helt kan styra över meddelandet och att det finns en begränsad mängd svensk forskning på området, är det intressant att undersöka vilka strategier som används. Syftet med uppsatsen är att jämföra partiernas valfilmer inför riksdagsvalet 2014 och ta reda på vilka strategier som används för att övertyga väljarna i bild och text. Vilka är de centrala budskapen och använder partierna liknande eller...

Att inte bara älska, utan också respektera : - En litteraturstudie om respektens betydelse i barnets uppväxt

OpenAIRE

Aspholm, Matilda

2010-01-01

Syftet med denna studie var att förstå respektens betydelse i barnets uppväxt och för familjens samspel samt att få reda på hur man kan förmedla respekt genom fostran och samspel. Syftet var också att granska ifall det finns motsvarigheter mellan de vetenskapliga fostringsteorierna och innehållet i fostringsböcker, som är riktade till föräldrar. Barns rättigheter och lagstiftning inom området tas upp som grund för arbetet. Den teoretiska referensramen består av socialt samspel, föräldrask...

Correlation between stress-induced leakage current and dielectric degradation in ultra-porous SiOCH low-k materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, C., E-mail: Chen.Wu@imec.be; De Wolf, I. [imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven (Belgium); Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven (Belgium); Li, Y.; Leśniewska, A.; Varela Pedreira, O.; Marneffe, J.-F. de; Ciofi, I.; Verdonck, P.; Baklanov, M. R.; Bömmels, J.; Tőkei, Zs.; Croes, K. [imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven (Belgium)

2015-10-28

Stress-Induced Leakage Current (SILC) behavior during the dielectric degradation of ultra-porous SiOCH low-k materials was investigated. Under high voltage stress, SILC increases to a critical value before final hard breakdown. This SILC increase rate is mainly driven by the injected charges and is negligibly influenced by temperature and voltage. SILC is found to be transient and shows a t{sup −1} relaxation behavior, where t is the storage time at low voltages. This t{sup −1} transient behavior, described by the tunneling front model, is caused by both electron charging of neutral defects in the dielectric close to the cathode interface and discharging of donor defects close to the anode interface. These defects have a uniform density distribution within the probed depth range, which is confirmed by the observed flat band voltage shift results collected during the low voltage storage. By applying an additional discharging step after the low voltage storage, the trap energies and spatial distributions are derived. In a highly degraded low-k dielectric, the majority of defects have a trap depth between 3.4 eV and 3.6 eV and a density level of 1 × 10{sup 18 }eV{sup −1 }cm{sup −3}. The relation between the defect density N and the total amount of the injected charges Q is measured to be sub-linear, N ∼ Q{sup 0.45±0.07}. The physical nature of these stress-induced defects is suggested to be caused by the degradation of the Si-O based skeleton in the low-k dielectric.

Enthalpy of formation of anisole: implications for the controversy on the O-H bond dissociation enthalpy in phenol.

Science.gov (United States)

Simões, Ricardo G; Agapito, Filipe; Diogo, Hermínio P; da Piedade, Manuel E Minas

2014-11-20

Significant discrepancies in the literature data for the enthalpy of formation of gaseous anisole, ΔfHmo(PhOCH3, g), have fueled an ongoing controversy regarding the most reliable enthalpy of formation of the phenoxy radical and of the gas phase O-H bond dissociation enthalpy, DHo(PhO-H), in phenol. In the present work ΔfHmo(PhOCH3, g) was reassessed using a combination of calorimetric determinations and high-level (W2-F12) ab initio calculations. Static-bomb combustion calorimetry led to the standard molar enthalpy of formation of liquid anisole at 298.15 K, ΔfHmo(PhOCH3, l) = −(117.1 ± 1.4) kJ·mol(-1). The corresponding enthalpy of vaporization was obtained as, ΔvapHmo(PhOCH3) = 46.41 ± 0.26 kJ·mol(-1), by Calvet-drop microcalorimetry. These results give ΔfHmo(PhOCH3, g) = −(70.7 ± 1.4) kJ·mol(-1), in excellent agreement with ΔfHmo(PhOCH3, g) = −(70.8 ± 3.2) kJ·mol(-1), obtained from the W2-F12 calculations. The ΔfHmo(PhOCH3, g) here recommended leads to ΔfHmo(PhO•, g) = 55.5 ± 2.4 kJ·mol(-)1 and DH°(PhO-H) = 368.1 ± 2.6 kJ·mol(-1).

On the Formation of the C{sub 2}H{sub 6}O Isomers Ethanol (C{sub 2}H{sub 5}OH) and Dimethyl Ether (CH{sub 3}OCH{sub 3}) in Star-forming Regions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergantini, Alexandre; Maksyutenko, Pavlo; Kaiser, Ralf I., E-mail: ralfk@hawaii.edu [Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States)

2017-06-01

The structural isomers ethanol (CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}OH) and dimethyl ether (CH{sub 3}OCH{sub 3}) were detected in several low-, intermediate-, and high-mass star-forming regions, including Sgr B2, Orion, and W33A, with the relative abundance ratios of ethanol/dimethyl ether varying from about 0.03 to 3.4. Until now, no experimental data regarding the formation mechanisms and branching ratios of these two species in laboratory simulation experiments could be provided. Here, we exploit tunable photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI-ReTOF-MS) to detect and analyze the production of complex organic molecules (COMs) resulting from the exposure of water/methane (H{sub 2}O/CH{sub 4}) ices to energetic electrons. The main goal is to understand the formation mechanisms in star-forming regions of two C{sub 2}H{sub 6}O isomers: ethanol (CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}OH) and dimethyl ether (CH{sub 3}OCH{sub 3}). The results show that the experimental branching ratios favor the synthesis of ethanol versus dimethyl ether (31 ± 11:1). This finding diverges from the abundances observed toward most star-forming regions, suggesting that production routes on interstellar grains to form dimethyl ether might be missing; alternatively, ethanol can be overproduced in the present simulation experiments, such as via radical–radical recombination pathways involving ethyl and hydroxyl radicals. Finally, the PI-ReTOF-MS data suggest the formation of methylacetylene (C{sub 3}H{sub 4}), ketene (CH{sub 2}CO), propene (C{sub 3}H{sub 6}), vinyl alcohol (CH{sub 2}CHOH), acetaldehyde (CH{sub 3}CHO), and methyl hydroperoxide (CH{sub 3}OOH), in addition to ethane (C{sub 2}H{sub 6}), methanol (CH{sub 3}OH), and CO{sub 2} detected from infrared spectroscopy. The yield of all the confirmed species is also determined.

MKB and SMB in the Northern countries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Broden, K.; Andersson, K.

2001-12-01

A meeting on Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment has been held in Turku, Finland, August 22-24 2001. It was held within the framework of two NKS projects: SOS-3 (Radioactive waste) and SOS- 1 (Risk assessment and strategies for safety). The meeting included presenta- tions, discussions and a study visit to the final repository for low- and intermedi- ate level radioactive waste and the intermediate storage for spent nuclear fuel at Olkiluoto. Abstract in Danish: Inom ramen for NKS-projekten SOS-3 (Avfall) och SOS-1 (Riskvaardering och strategi for saakerhet) har ett seminarium om miljokonsekvensbeskrivningar och strategisk miljokonsekvensbedomning haallits i Aabo 22-24 augusti, 2001. Seminariet omfattade foredrag, diskussioner samt en studieresa till Olkoluoto daar besok gjordes till mellanlagret for anvaant braansle och till slutforvaret for laag- och medelaktivt avfall. Under forutsaattning att styrelsen for NKS samtycker kommer ett nytt MKB- seminarium att haallas i Osthammar 2002. (au)

Svag analys ger allt för långtgående konsekvenser

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thinggaard, Frank; Nilsson, Sven-Arne

2007-01-01

I IASB:s diskussionsrapport om möjliga värderingsgrunder vid första redovisningstillfället föreslås att tillgångar och skulder värderas till verkligt värde. I Balans 3/2007 redogjorde Frank Thinggaard och Sven-Arne Nilsson för kriterierna och tillvägagångssättet vid prövningen av relevans. I denn...

Planering, progression, profession: hur studenter blir planerare

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lars Larsson

2017-09-01

Full Text Available De kunskaper som utvecklas med stöd i de nationella examensmålen för värderingsförmåga och förhållningssätt är de som ligger närmast den professionella identiteten. Denna kunskapskategori ges begränsat utrymme i de förväntade studieresultat som examineras inom samhällsplanerarprogrammet vid Umeå universitet. Trots detta får studenterna anställning som planerare, ofta kort efter att de tagit sin kandidatexamen. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka hur kunskapsmässig progression underbyggs avseende värderingsförmåga och förhållningssätt i en planerarutbildning med kulturgeografi som huvudområde. I denna artikel redovisas en analys av samhällsplanerarprogrammet.De kurser i kulturgeografi som ingår i programmet analyseras utifrån förväntade studieresultat, läraktiviteter och examinationsformer i syfte att spåra den planerade progressionen. Särskild uppmärksamhet ägnas kunskapskategorin värderingsförmåga och förhållningssätt. Resultaten diskuteras utifrån en modell för att förstå vilka typer av kunskaper som används vid avvägningar och beslut i planeringsprofessionen. Analysen visar att samhällsplanerarprogrammets planerade progression följer principen att först ge studenterna breda ämneskunskaper, därefter utveckla metodfärdigheter och mot slutet utveckla mer komplexa och handlingsinriktade kunskaper. Den visar också att den planerade progressionen är begränsad i att underbygga normativa aspekter av studenternas värderingsförmåga och förhållningssätt.

”Kalle, du kan ju läsa!” Förskoleklasslärare synliggör förskoleklasselevers skriftspråksutveckling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tarja Alatalo

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Den här studien tar sin utgångspunkt i ett kompetensutvecklingsprojekt där lärare i förskoleklass gavs möjlighet att genom erfarenhet i handling samt reflektion stärka sina ämneskunskaper inom skriftspråksområdet. Sju lärare i förskoleklass intervjuades om sina erfarenheter i samband med bedömning av elevers skriftspråksutveckling. Studiens syfte var att undersöka vilket meningsskapande som enligt lärarna sker i samband med bedömningsaktiviteten. Fokus riktades mot lärarnas beskrivningar av det egna, men också elevernas meningsskapande. Studiens grund i sociokulturell teori och pragmatismens begrepp, erfarenhet och meningsskapande som centrala analysverktyg, synliggjorde lärarnas fördjupade förståelse för elevers skriftspråksutveckling. I materialet framträder en bild av att tidigare erfarenheter omvärderades och användes tillsammans med nya erfarenheter för att skapa ny kunskap hos både lärare och elever. Exempelvis beskriver lärare hur elever i samband med bedömningsaktiviteten upptäckte att de kunde läsa. I mötet mellan projektets ämnesfokus och praktisk handling kunde lärarna omvärdera tidigare erfarenheter och upptäcka att elever i förskoleklassen läser, hur de läser och hur de själva kan stimulera eleverna vidare. Studiens avsikt är att öppna för en diskussion om hur kompetensutveckling om skriftspråksutveckling kan öka förskoleklasslärares möjligheter att stimulera elever vidare och öka elevernas förutsättningar att utvecklas i riktning mot skolans kunskapskrav.

Bokföringslagens förändringar år 2016 : Med fokus på småföretag

OpenAIRE

Häggblom, Caroline

2017-01-01

Från och med år 2016 ändrades bokföringslagen i Finland. Detta på grund av ett direktiv som Europaparlamentet tillsammans med rådet kom ut med år 2013. I och med denna ändring påverkas alla företag som är bokföringsskyldiga i något skede, vilket innebär att det är ett aktuellt och viktigt ämne att studera. I detta arbete förklaras grunderna i bokföring, vad bokföringslagen innehåller samt ändringarna som skett i lagen och konsekvenserna av dem. Informationen till förändringarna i bokföring...

Characterization and Modeling of SiC Integrated Circuits for Harsh Environment

OpenAIRE

Kimoto, Daiki

2017-01-01

Elektronik för extrema miljöer, som kan användas vid hög temperatur, hög strålning och omgivning med frätande gaser, har varit starkt önskvärd vid utforskning av rymden och övervakning av kärnreaktorer. Kiselkarbid (SiC) är en av kandidaterna inom material för extrema miljöer på grund av sin höga temperatur- och höga strålnings-tolerans. Syftet med denna avhandling är att karakterisera 4H-SiC MOSFETar vid hög temperatur och att konstruera SPICE modeller för 4H-SiC MOSFETar. MOSFET-transistore...

A memorable reading experience with motion graphics

OpenAIRE

Sandhu, Cecilia

2017-01-01

Studien omfattar ämnet motion graphics (rörlig grafik) och hur det kan förmedla en skriven text. En textbaserad rörlig grafik togs fram för att undersöka om rörelserna gjorde textinnehållet lättare att minnas och förstå jämfört med att läsa texten statiskt. Skillnader men också likheter gällande korttidsminne och läsupplevelse undersöktes genom två testgrupper. Studien visar på att läsarna mindes bättre med motion graphics, att motion graphics i vissa fall kan förmedla en mer positiv och spec...

Relationship status: It's complicated : En undersökning i hur äldreboenden kan stärka relationen till sin målgrupp

OpenAIRE

Hanna, Norberg; Victoria, Angberg; Nina, Moradi

2017-01-01

Frågeställning: Vilka behov behöver tillfredsställas hos de boende och anhöriga för att stärka en relation till äldreboendet? Kan digital marknadsföring användas som metod för att stärka relationer och i så fall hur? Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur relationen mellan äldreboende och deras målgrupp kan stärkas. Metod: Ansatsen har varit en deduktiv ansats och en kvalitativ metod har använts där sju semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Slutsats: Resultatet visar på fem faktorer som sa...

Investigation and mapping of the requirements for lifting devices in a nuclear facility; Utredning och kartlaeggning av krav foer lyftanordningar inom kaernteknisk anlaeggning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andersson, Kjell (Inspecta Sweden AB, Vaexjoe (Sweden))

2010-03-15

This technical report covers the investigation and identification of requirements for lifting devices in nuclear facilities. The report is divided into the following Section: 1. A mapping of the regulatory framework for nuclear hoists in Finland, Germany and USA. 2. A description of how the international legal framework is applied in for replacement or modernization of lifts in the Swedish nuclear power plants. 3. In Europe, the new harmonized standard has been developed for conventional hoists. The rules appear in the 'EN-13 001'. The study will illustrate these rules, and how they currently apply in the nuclear industry in Sweden. 4. A comparison between the IKH's lifting standards and EN13001 which differences are highlighted and explained

Evaluation of regulations and norms for concrete constructions in Swedish nuclear power plants; Utvaerdering av regler och normer foer betongkonstruktioner i svenska kaernkraftsanlaeggningar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jovall, Ola (Scanscot Technology AB, Lund (Sweden))

2010-12-15

In the SSM's regulations and recommendations, there are at present no specific requirements and adequate guidance on how concrete structures should be designed in case of new buildings or verification analyses of existing buildings. The result of the work presented in this report constitute the basis for SSM's ongoing regulatory project Investigation regarding requirements for construction, design, analysis and review of reactor containments and other safety-related building structures. The project includes the following: 1. Summary of the regulations and requirements that have been applied at the initial design and new construction of concrete structures at the Swedish nuclear power plants. 2. Comparison and evaluation of relevant regulations published by the European and North American authorities. 3. Comparison and evaluation of relevant codes, standards, guidelines etc. for load-bearing concrete structures in different countries. 4. Conclusions and recommendations to the regulatory framework for the design of load-bearing concrete structures at the Swedish nuclear power plants. Based on a comparison and evaluation of regulations from the U.S., Canada, France, the UK, Finland and Sweden, as well as guidelines established by the international organizations IAEA and EUR, the following general recommendations are provided as a regulatory framework for the design of load-bearing concrete structures at the Swedish nuclear power plants: 1. The Eurocodes will replace the BKR design rules of Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning as the conventional building regulations on the construction of nuclear power plants. 2. A general review and updating of the existing industry standard Design rules for buildings at nuclear facilities DRB:2001 is implemented. Reference is made to the Eurocodes with regard to conditions of conventional design rules

Smart management - Driving forces and conditions for the development of advanced electricity networks; Smart ledning - Drivkrafter och foerutsaettningar foer utveckling av avancerade elnaet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Larsson, Oerjan; Staahl, Benjamin (Blue Inst., Stockholm (Sweden))

2011-02-15

This report describes the development of Intelligent Networks, or Smart Grids. It is divided into two sections. The first section highlights the basics of what is called 'smart' grid technology, what the underlying driving forces are and how the conditions for market looks like. It also depicts the impact on consumers, emerging business logics and ongoing investment and incentives in the world. The first part ends with an operator map of the market. The second part takes a closer look on some key areas and includes a simple reminder of technology related to smart grids

The effect of cleaning on materials wastage in biomass and waste fired power plants; Sotningens inverkan paa materialfoerluster foer bio- och avfallseldade pannor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hjoernhede, Anders; Henderson, Pamela

2006-03-15

The reason for this study is the relatively large material loss caused by soot blowing of heat exchange surface in waste- and biomass fired boilers. The material losses depend on the method of cleaning: Normally soot blowing with a relatively high pressure is used in order to remove deposits on super heater tubes. However, this also damages the tube material. Earlier theories state that the material losses are caused by erosion or rather erosion-corrosion of the tube surface. There is a clear evidence for the existence for this type of damage, but it is often caused by badly adjusted soot blowing equipment. However, even well adjusted equipment causes accelerated metal loss, albeit lower than with badly adjusted soot blowers. This type of material loss is caused by the removal of the outer molten deposit layer. This outer layer of deposit actually acts as a barrier to corrosive species diffusing inwards towards the oxide and uncorroded metal. There is a lamellar oxide under this deposit, which is especially protective if it contains Cr{sub 2}O{sub 3}, MoO{sub 3} or Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}. The lamellar oxide is damaged by the defects produced by the soot blowing and the diffusion of corrosive species into the metal tube. Since molybdenum probably through molybdenum oxide seems to reduce metal losses due to soot blowing, alloys containing molybdenum should be used. The addition of sulphur, or sulphur compounds like ammonium sulphate reduces the deposit growth rate by about 50%. This means that the soot blowing frequency and therefore metal losses are reduced. There is also an indication that certain metals or alloys reduce the tendency for deposits to stick to tubes. Coating with pure nickel is one example of this, but as nickel is sensitive to soot blowing it is not possible to use nickel in areas affected by soot blowing. A common way of reducing metal losses is to mount tube shields on the most affected tubes. These shields are changed regularly. Normally expensive austenitic stainless steels have been used. Cheaper materials like SiCromAl could be used instead. Research indicates that it is beneficial to leave some deposits on the tube, i.e. not to clean completely. A reduction in the soot blowing pressure or frequency also reduces metal losses.

Herrens röst

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rösing, Lilian Munk

2015-01-01

Om språket är gränsen mellan djur och människor, vad innebär det när hundar talar? I filmen Upp pratar de animerade hundarna, men med sin husses röst. Lilian Munk Rösing ser filmen i sällskap av bland andra Jacques Lacan, Slavoj Žižek och Renata Salecl och finner en röst utan kropp, en kropp besj...

Tuning the composition of metastable Co_xNi_yMg_100−x−y(OH)(OCH₃) nanoplates for optimizing robust methane dry reforming catalyst

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fan, Xiaoli; Liu, Zhiting; Zhu, Yi-An

2015-01-01

of the metastable precursor CoxNiyMg100−x−y(OH)(OCH3) derived from solvothermal synthesis. The catalyst composition and reaction conditions have been modulated to achieve maximum coke resistance and catalyst stability. Long-term stability for 1000 h time on stream at 800°C has been achieved for the optimized Co0.......075Ni7.425Mg92.5O catalyst. The role of Co in the catalyst has been disclosed through kinetic measurements and detailed characterization of the spent catalysts. Co is enriched on the Co–Ni alloy surface under reforming conditions and accelerates the gasification of coke intermediates. Co also enhances...

Faktorer som påverkar barndödligheten i Etiopien

OpenAIRE

Östman, Hanna

2014-01-01

Temat för detta examensarbete är barndödlighet i Etiopien. Syftet är att undersöka den höga småbarnsdödligheten, orsakad av diarré och malaria. Detta är ett beställningsarbete för organisationen PADet, som har ett samarbete med yrkeshögskolan Arcada. Med småbarn menas i denna studie, barn under fem år. Frågeställningarna för arbetet är, Vilka är de främsta orsakerna som påverkar småbarnsdödligheten vid diarré och malaria? Och Vad görs idag för att minska på småbarnsdödligheten vid diarré och ...

Social media – En marknadsföringsplan för Arcada Entrepreneurship Society

OpenAIRE

Simberg, Per

2015-01-01

Syfte med studien är att utarbeta en marknadsföringsplan i sociala medierna för Arcada Entrepreneurship Society, där man tar fram nuläget och vilka målen är för Arcada Entrepreneurship Society i sociala medierna och hur de skall nå målen. Marknadsföring på sociala medier kräver att man vet vilka sociala medier man behöver för att få fram sitt budskap och hur man skapar en synlighet för sig som Företag/Förening. Det är även viktigt att tänka på vilket innehåll man lägger ut samt när och på...

Kritisk självreflektion i komplexa frågor: Att hjälpa studenterna att ta makten över sitt tänkande

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Wolrath Söderberg

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Den här artikeln handlar om studenters kritiska självreflektion. Utgångspunkten är att de former av kritiskt tänkande som vi traditionellt odlar inom högskolan är otillräckliga när det gäller vår tids kritiska frågor, som exempelvis klimatfrågan. När det rör sig om komplexa och värdeladdade frågor där många perspektiv kan vara giltiga har vi att förhålla oss till olika mänskliga mekanismer som på olika vis hindrar oss från att tänka och agera klokt, exempelvis polarisering, bekräftelsebias, glapp mellan tanke och handling och olika former av legitimeringsstrategier för att låta blir att ta ansvar. Här diskuteras sådana hinder och hur vi kan förhålla oss till dem i högre utbildning.

Simultaneous harvesting of straw and chaff - for energy purposes. Influence on bale density, yield, field drying process and combustion characteristics; Samtidig skoerd av halm och agnar foer energiaendamaal - inverkan paa avkastning, baldensitet, faelttorkningsfoerlopp och foerbraenningsegenskaper

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lundin, Gunnar; Roennbaeck, Marie

2010-04-15

Introductory field experiments were carried out in central Sweden during 2009 for long- and short-stalked winter wheat crops. Two different types of combine harvesters were used with somewhat different methods of kernel separation. Both harvesters were equipped with the Combi System from Rekordverken. This enabled them to mix the chaff in the straw swath as well as distribute this fraction over the working width. The measurement of crop residue moisture immediately after combine harvesting showed that admixture of chaff reduced the initial moisture in the straw swaths. The added chaff increased the total yield of crop residue with 14%, showing that about half the biologically available chaff was harvested. The combustion analyses showed a slight increase in ash content when chaff was mixed in. This did not cause any significant change in net calorific value or ash melting behavior

Treatment and disposal of radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants. Program for encapsulation, deep geologic deposition and research, development and demonstration; Kaernkraftavfallets behandling och slutfoervaring. Program foer inkapsling, geologisk djupfoervaring samt forskning, utveckling och demonstration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-09-01

Programs for RD and D concerning disposal of radioactive waste are presented. Main topics include: Design, testing and manufacture of canisters for the spent fuels; Design of equipment for deposition of waste canisters; Material and process for backfilling rock caverns; Evaluation of accuracy and validation of methods for safety analyses; Development of methods for defining scenarios for the safety analyses. 471 refs, 67 figs, 21 tabs.

Reactions of 11C recoil atoms in the systems H2O-NH3, H2O-CH4 and NH3-CH4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nebeling, B.

1988-11-01

In this study the chemical reactions of recoil carbon 11 in the binary gas mixtures H 2 O-NH 3 , H 2 O-CH 4 and NH 3 -CH 4 in different mixing ratios as well as in solid H 2 O and in a solid H 2 O-NH 3 mixture were analyzed in dependence of the dose. The analyses were to serve e.g. the simulation of chemical processes caused by solar wind, solar radiation and cosmic radiation in the coma and core of comets. They were to give further information about the role of the most important biogeneous element carbon, i.e. carbon, in the chemical evolution of the solar system. Besides the actual high energy processes resulting in the so-called primary products, also the radiation-chemical changes of the primary products were also observed in a wide range of dosing. The generation of the energetic 11 C atoms took place according to the target composition by the nuclear reactions 14 N(p,α) 11 C, 12 C( 3 He,α) 11 C or the 16 O(p,αpn) 11 C reaction. The identification of the products marked with 11 C was carried out by means of radio gas chromatography or radio liquid chromatography (HPLC). (orig./RB) [de

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-DNOV-01-2878 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-DNOV-01-2878 ref|YP_680769.1| murein endopeptidase [Roseobacter denitrificans ...OCh 114] gb|ABG30083.1| murein endopeptidase [Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114] YP_680769.1 1.4 29% ...

Presolvated Electron Reaction with Methylacetoacetate: Electron Localization, Proton-Deuteron Exchange, and H-atom Abstraction

Science.gov (United States)

Petrovici, Alex; Adhikary, Amitava; Kumar, Anil; Sevilla, Michael D.

2015-01-01

Radiation-produced electrons initiate various reaction processes that are important to radiation damage to biomolecules. In this work, the site of attachment of the prehydrated electrons with methylacetoacetate (MAA, CH3-CO-CH2-CO-OCH3) at 77 K and subsequent reactions of the anion radical (CH3-CO•−-CH2-CO-OCH3) in the temperature range (77 to ca. 170 K) have been investigated in homogeneous H2O and D2O aqueous glasses by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. At 77 K, the prehydrated electron attaches to MAA forming the anion radical in which the electron is delocalized over the two carbonyl groups. This species readily protonates to produce the protonated electron adduct radical CH3-C(•)OH-CH2-CO-OCH3. The ESR spectrum of CH3-C(•)OH-CH2-CO-OCH3 in H2O shows line components due to proton hyperfine couplings of the methyl and methylene groups. Whereas, the ESR spectrum of CH3-C(•)OH-CH2-CO-OCH3 in D2O glass shows only the line components due to proton hyperfine couplings of CH3 group. This is expected since the methylen protons in MAA are readily exchangeable in D2O. On stepwise annealing to higher temperatures (ca. 150 to 170 K), CH3-C(•)OH-CH2-CO-OCH3 undergoes bimolecular H-atom abstraction from MAA to form the more stable radical, CH3-CO-CH•-CO-OCH3. Theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) support the radical assignments. PMID:25255751

Konstruktion av vertikaltransportör för materialhantering

OpenAIRE

Furu, Micke

2012-01-01

Rotab Rostfria Transportörer AB tillverkar och utvecklar material- och godshanteringsutrustning. Företaget levererar även kompletta materialhanteringslösningar i form av godshanteringsanläggningar som ofta består av transportband och paketeringsutrustning. Examensarbetets mål är att utveckla en vertikaltransportör som ska transportera gods mellan två transportband belägna på olika höjder, transporten ska kunna varieras mellan 1000 - 3000 mm. Transportören ska undvika de två stora nackdelarna ...

A fascinating field and a pragmatic enterprise

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hjørland, Birger

2013-01-01

A reviewer wrote about the book: "I synnerhet Hjørlands kapitel väcker frågor om fältets inriktning och framtid som det hade varit intressant om redaktörerna hade fångat upp och diskuterat i ett avslutande och syntetiserande kapitel. Detta hade kunnat lyfta denna konferensantologi till något mer ...... en spännande samling texter." Hanna Carlsson i Nordisk Tidsskrift for Informationsvidenskab og Kulturformidling: http://www.ntik.dk/2014/Nr1/Carlsson.pdf...

Det diskursiva skrivandets funktion – en läromedelsanalys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jenny Magnusson

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Flera forskare har visat att lärare i skolan inte undervisar tillräckligt mycket och tillräckligt tidigt i diskursivt skrivande, ett skrivande som elever behöver för att klara sig i samhället. Som en följd av detta har det diskursiva skrivandet under de senaste åren blivit allt mer uppmärksammat i nya styrdokument och i nya läromedel. Utgångspunkten i den här artikeln är att undersöka vilket stöd lärare får för att klara den uppmärksamheten, alltså de nya kraven som styrdokumenten ställer när det gäller diskursivt skrivande.Det diskursiva skrivandets funktion undersöks här i skrivuppgifter i 19 läromedel i svenska för lågstadiet, där utgångspunkten är den stora betydelse som funktionen har när det gäller skolskrivande, i form av ett tydligt syfte, kontext och mottagare. Ivaničs skrivdiskurser är det analysverktyg som används, och skrivuppgifterna har kategoriserats utifrån dessa diskurser.Det analysen visar är framförallt att variationen är liten i skrivuppgifterna. Eleverna får träna genreform och process, men inte mycket som har med funktion i en samhällskontext utanför skolan att göra. Därutöver visar resultaten att tydliga kontexter och tydliga mottagare är ovanligt i skrivuppgifterna, och i relation till tidigare forskning kan detta ses som problematiskt, då dessa aspekter har visat sig vara avgörande för ett framgångsrikt skrivande.

Electronic nature of zwitterionic alkali metal methanides, silanides and germanides - a combined experimental and computational approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, H; Aquino, A J A; Cordes, D B; Hase, W L; Krempner, C

2017-02-01

Zwitterionic group 14 complexes of the alkali metals of formula [C(SiMe 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OMe) 3 M], (M- 1 ), [Si(SiMe 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OMe) 3 M], (M- 2 ), [Ge(SiMe 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OMe) 3 M], (M- 3 ), where M = Li, Na or K, have been prepared, structurally characterized and their electronic nature was investigated by computational methods. Zwitterions M- 2 and M- 3 were synthesized via reactions of [Si(SiMe 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OMe) 4 ] ( 2 ) and [Ge(SiMe 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OMe) 4 ] ( 3 ) with MOBu t (M = Li, Na or K), resp., in almost quantitative yields, while M- 1 were prepared from deprotonation of [HC(SiMe 2 OCH 2 CH 2 OMe) 3 ] ( 1 ) with LiBu t , NaCH 2 Ph and KCH 2 Ph, resp. X-ray crystallographic studies and DFT calculations in the gas-phase, including calculations of the NPA charges confirm the zwitterionic nature of these compounds, with the alkali metal cations being rigidly locked and charge separated from the anion by the internal OCH 2 CH 2 OMe donor groups. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and the second order perturbation theory analysis of the NBOs reveal significant hyperconjugative interactions in M- 1 -M- 3 , primarily between the lone pair and the antibonding Si-O orbitals, the extent of which decreases in the order M- 1 > M- 2 > M- 3 . The experimental basicities and the calculated gas-phase basicities of M- 1 -M- 3 reveal the zwitterionic alkali metal methanides M- 1 to be significantly stronger bases than the analogous silanides M- 2 and germanium M- 3 .

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-DRER-14-0059 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-DRER-14-0059 ref|YP_683352.1| hypothetical protein RD1_3158 [Roseobacter denit...rificans OCh 114] gb|ABG32666.1| conserved hypothetical protein [Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114] YP_683352.1 2.5 41% ...

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-DRER-26-0529 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-DRER-26-0529 ref|YP_683352.1| hypothetical protein RD1_3158 [Roseobacter denit...rificans OCh 114] gb|ABG32666.1| conserved hypothetical protein [Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114] YP_683352.1 2.5 41% ...

Rational Design of Coordination Polymers with Flexible Oxyethylene Side Chains

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, Eun Young; Gao, Chunji; Lee, Suck Hyun; Kwon, O Pil

2012-01-01

We rationally designed and synthesized metallopolymers with organic 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDC) linkers with different lengths of oxyethylene side chains in order to examine the influence of side chains on the coordination characteristics. While in a previous report the BDC linkers with alkyl side chains were found to form three-dimensional (3D) isoreticular metal-organic framework (IRMOF) structures or one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymeric structures with short -O(CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 or long -O(CH 2 ) 9 CH 3 side chains, respectively, new BDC linkers with oxyethylene side chains of the same lengths, -(OCH 2 CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 and -(OCH 2 CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 , form only 3D IRMOF structures. This result is attributed to the higher flexibility and smaller volume of oxyethylene side chains compared to alkyl side chains

Simulering av muskelaktivitet vid pedalbromsning

OpenAIRE

Ejdepalm, Erik; Westerdahl, Walter

2009-01-01

En muskeloskeletal kroppsmodell har undersökts med avseende på maximal muskelbelastning genom biomekanisk simulering i programmet AnyBody. En kroppsmodell har låtits interagera med ett reglage i form av en bromspedal från en Saab 9-3 och muskelbelastningen till följd av att pedalen trampas ned har minimerats. De parametrar hos pedalen som har varierats är initialvinkeln och returfjäderns fjäderkonstant. Den sits på vilken kroppsmodellen sitter har flyttats vertikalt och horisontellt i förhåll...

The movement continues : En kvalitativ textanalys av Donald Trump ur ett propagandaperspektiv

OpenAIRE

Segerström, Lina

2018-01-01

Den 20 januari 2017 tillträdde Donald Trump som USA:s 45e president. Redan under valkampanjen, som Trump gick in i som en politisk outsider, såg vi en ny kommunikationsstil träda i kraft som enligt Enli (2017) bättre kan beskrivas som amatörism. Språket var rakt, direkt och ofiltrerat och tog ett stort kliv ifrån den traditionella politiska kommunikationen. Trumps huvudsakliga kommunikationsplattform är den sociala mediesajten Twitter där han kommunicerar frekvent och monologiskt med sin publ...

Validering som kommunikationsfärdighet till par där kvinnan har vaginism

OpenAIRE

Bernling, Marit; Munck af Rosenschöld, Lisa

2009-01-01

Vaginism är ett sexuellt problem som förekommer hos kvinnor och som i tidigare utvärderade behandlingar betraktats som kvinnans problem. Forskning inom området vaginism är begränsad och kunskap om parrelationens roll för vidmakthållandet av problematiken och upplevd relationstillfredsställelse saknas. Studiens syfte var att utforma en parbehandling där kommunikationsinterventionen validering lärs ut som färdighet, utforska om det fanns ett intresse för deltagande, samt utvärdera om behandling...

Skapandet av en handbok för ett franchiseföretag : Case: Pub Niska

OpenAIRE

Juvonen, Jenni

2017-01-01

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att skapa en franchisehandbok för franchiserestaurangen Pub Niska. En franchisehandbok innehåller mer detaljerad information om ett företag, dess riktlinjer och vardagliga rutiner. En franchisehandboks viktigaste uppgift är att säkra kvaliteten i ett koncept. Franchisehandboken för Pub Niska innehåller information om företaget i allmänhet och beskriver hur företaget är uppbyggt samt presenterar riktlinjer för marknadsföring, inredning och ekonomi. Dessuto...

Mödrars upplevelser av att drabbas av postpartumdepression

OpenAIRE

Wallin, Rebecca; Pitkämäki, Kia

2016-01-01

Bakgrund: Postpartumdepression (PPD) drabbar mellan 8-15% av alla kvinnor som föder barn och innebär stora påfrestningar för både modern, partnern och spädbarnet. Utvecklandet av PPD har multifaktoriella orsaker som tidigare psykiatrisk sjukdom, dåligt parförhållande och brist på socialt stöd. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att undersöka kvinnors upplevelser av postpartumdepression. Metod: Studien är en litteraturöversikt där vetenskapliga artiklar motsvarande studiens syfte granskades. Samtliga a...

MF-plan till företaget Design TL

OpenAIRE

Virtanen, Aino

2015-01-01

Examensarbetet gjordes för företaget Design TL med uppgiften att göra en mark-nadsföringsplan för företaget som skall starta verksamheten 2016. Detta examensar-bete har utförts genom litteraturstudie och information av uppdragsgivaren. Upp-dragsgivaren var Tarja Lamberg. Företaget sysslar med konst, konsthantverks plane-ring och design, tillverkning och försäljning. Uppdragsgivaren gav mig fria händer med planet, det enda som skulle tas i beakta var den begränsade budgeten. Teoride-len satte...

Export eller joint venture? : Ett litet företags internationella expansion.

OpenAIRE

Hamilton, Tobias; Tenne, Fredrik

2006-01-01

För små till medelstora företag (SMEs) vars kännetecken är bristande resurser kan konsekvensen av ett felaktigt etableringssätt vid internationell expansion vara skillnaden mellan överlevnad och konkurs (Kuo & Li 2003). Etableringar på utländska marknader kan genomföras via en rad olika etableringssätt. Två av dessa kommer att behandlas i denna uppsats; export och joint venture. Det amerikanska SME-företaget Pro Spot tillverkar svetsar till bilverkstäder och önskar expandera på den europe...

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-DRER-26-0448 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-DRER-26-0448 ref|YP_682608.1| hypothetical protein RD1_2346 [Roseobacter denit...rificans OCh 114] gb|ABG31922.1| conserved hypothetical protein [Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114] YP_682608.1 2e-89 38% ...

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-DDIS-03-0142 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-DDIS-03-0142 ref|YP_683041.1| 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase [Roseobacter deni...trificans OCh 114] gb|ABG32355.1| 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase [Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114] YP_683041.1 1e-122 61% ...

Dose conversion factors for radiation doses at normal operation discharges. E. Exposure pathways and radioecological data; Dosomraekningsfaktorer foer normaldriftutslaepp. C. Exponeringsvaegar och radioekologiska data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Karlsson, Sara; Aquilonius, Karin

2001-10-01

A study has been performed in order to develop and extend existing models for dose estimations at emissions of radioactive substances from nuclear facilities in Sweden. This report presents a review of all exposure pathways in the project, in order to secure that no important contributions have been omitted. The radioecological data that should be used in calculating conversion factors for air and water emissions are also reviewed. Nuclid-specific conversion factors have been calculated for radiation doses from inhalation and intake for children in different age groups.

Economic consequences of extra by-passes in district heating networks. Investment-, running- and maintenance costs; Rundgaangars ekonomiska betydelse foer fjaerrvaermenaeten. Investerings-, drift- och underhaallskostnader

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Herbert, P. [AaF-Energikonsult Stockholm AB, (Sweden)

1995-02-01

For various reasons, extra by-passes are installed in district heating networks to ensure a high flow temperature when the water circulation is insufficient. By `extra by-pass` we here mean a connection between the distribution pipe and the return pipe. This study mainly deals with extra by-passes to prevent freezing. The estimation of the extra by-pass costs is based on the district heating rates. Our assumption is that an extra by-pass can be regarded as a substation in the district heating network, with regard to the demand for the water flow, heat and power. The reason is the difficulty to obtain available facts to estimate the real costs concerning extra by-passes. Therefore, the method can not claim that the information about the costs is exact but gives an indication of the size of them. The valves in an extra by-pass can be set more or less open. We assume that manual valves in extra by-passes are wide open. Thermostatic valves are, however, assumed to be adjusted in order to cause a very small water flow. 2 refs, 16 figs, 9 tabs, 6 appendices

Possible consequences of climate change on the Swedish energy sector - impacts, vulnerability and adaptation; Taenkbara konsekvenser foer energisektorn av klimatfoeraendringar. Effekter, saarbarhet och anpassning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gode, Jenny; Axelsson, Johan; Eriksson, Sara; Holmgren, Kristina; Hovsenius, Gunnar; Kjellstroem, Erik; Larsson, Per; Lundstroem, Love; Persson, Gunn

2007-06-15

The events of recent years clearly demonstrate the far-reaching consequences of extreme weather situations on the energy system, particularly in the case of severe damage to transmission lines in connection with violent storms. Many climate researchers predict an increase in extreme weather events. Against this background, in 2005 Elforsk initiated this project where the aim has been to examine how climate change can affect plant operation, production conditions and energy usage patterns, how undesirable consequences can be predicted and what long-term measures may be necessary. Another central objective has been to bring about a dialogue between climate researchers, energy consultants/engineers and buyers for the energy industry. The inclusion of both positive and negative consequences has been an important ambition of the project. One key aspect of the project has been to develop climate scenarios for the next 20-25 years that describe possible changes in climate variables with relevance for the energy system. Based on these and literature studies, contact with experts and internal assessments, an analysis has been made of the possible impacts on hydropower, wind power, biofuel supply, natural gas supply, the power transmission network and energy usage. The project findings, which have also been discussed at a workshop with representatives from the energy industry, did not reveal any acute need for adaptation aside from those measures already being taken, for example to make the transmission system less vulnerable to weather conditions. Furthermore, the results indicate increased production potential for both hydropower and wind power. The production potential for hydropower stations from the Dalaelven River northwards would appear to increase by 2-10%. Estimates for the southern watercourses are less certain, but the production potential may decrease. Since around 80% of the country's hydropower is produced in the northern watercourses, this indicates an increase in Sweden's overall production potential. For wind power, the growth potential is 5-20% based on an installed capacity of 4000 MW. It is also a possible that the bioenergy potential will increase in view of the predicted 5-10% growth in production potential for forestry and agriculture. On the other hand, the extent to which this potential will be used for bioenergy production is uncertain since is it strongly dependent on the price of biomass and use of biomass for other purposes. Some of the climate-related problems that exist today may lessen in scope, while others may increase and new problems arise in a future climate. It is difficult to assess future wind conditions, since different climate scenarios produce somewhat different results. Among other things, an increase in heavy winds could have a negative impact on the electricity transmission network, wind power, biofuel supply and natural gas supply. However, the natural gas platforms that supply Sweden have proven highly robust and weather resistant. For the transmission network, a number of measures are being taken to increase its robustness to extreme events. Thunderstorms are another somewhat unpredictable climate variable. The analyses made in the project indicate a possible increase in problems related to lightning overvoltage in the transmission network. An additional area that is complex to assess is how problems with icing of transmission lines and wind power plants can change in a future climate. It is probable that these problems will increase in certain areas, but decrease in others. In certain parts of Sweden, evaporation may exceed precipitation and give rise to a water shortage. This applies particularly to the southeastern part of the country, which could affect the biofuel supply and hydropower generation in these areas. An opposite problem is that of future floods, which may increase especially during the winter season and in central and northern Sweden. Flooding has no direct connection to hydropower other than the ability for regulation to control water levels. However, hydropower is indirectly affected by flooding since public attention is often focused on the industry when high flows occur. A warmer climate will reduce the country's heating requirement by approximately 15 TWh. While electricity usage for heating is estimated to decrease by around 3 TWh as a result of a warmer climate, a probable rise in demand for air conditioning could lead to increased electricity usage during the summer. However, future energy usage for heating and air conditioning will be strongly dependent on factors other than the climate, such as the implementation of energy efficiency measures, changes in behaviour, the use of heat generating appliances, population growth, etc. The project has included a rough assessment of how both climate-related and non climate-related factors may affect energy usage for heating of homes and businesses (not industrial facilities) in a 20- to 25-year perspective. A lower energy requirement for heating would also reduce the production base for CHP. To maintain production it will be necessary to expand district heating to areas that are currently without, convert from other heating systems to district heating and/or utilise new business opportunities such as absorption cooling or energy combines with CHP utilising renewable fuels like biomass or pellets. Changes in production potential and energy usage patterns and the occurrence of climate-related problems will affect the entire energy system. Increased production potential for the northern hydropower stations, particularly in combination with a growing share of power types that are difficult to regulate, may increase the need for power transmission capacity from north to south. This is especially true if the north-to-south shift continues and in the event of rising demand for electricity in the rest of Europe.

Technical development to increase the use of reed canary grass - Full scale demonstration; Teknikutveckling foer oekad etablering och nyttjande av roerflen - Demonstrationsfoersoek i fullskala

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oerberg, Haakan; Skoglund, Nils; Grimm, Alejandro; Bostroem, Dan; Oehman, Marcus

2010-06-15

Introducing fuels from agricultural crops into the heat and power sector in Sweden is a desired and needed development, thus it is connected to some obstacles. For the crop producers it is important to use the most efficient handling for harvest, collection, loading and transport technology in order to reach low production costs. For the fuel consumers it is of high importance that these fuels work together with other utilized fuels in mixtures without complications. This includes fuel mixing, fuel feeding, combustion behavior and ash transformation mechanisms. Specifically for the combustion process, gaseous and particle emissions, ash behavior and deposit formation on cooled surfaces should not be negatively effected by mixing in agricultural crops. In this study these aspects of the energy crop reed canary grass (RCG) have been examined. The recommended harvest period for harvesting RCG in Sweden is during springtime when the crop from the year before is collected, called delayed harvest. During this period the grass is very dry and has been harvested in this project with an average water content of 11,3 %. Two major different harvest systems have been tested. One where the energy grass is chopped directly in the field by a chopper connected to a wagon. The other system was based on baling the crop with round balers or big square balers. The chopped or baled material is transported 6 km to a farm center or terminal for unloading. Further transport to CHP (Combined Heat and Power) plant, 12 km, was done with road truck (135 m3). In the case of field chopped RCG the mixing of the other fuels has been easily done since the material was well chopped (40-50 mm). The RCG was mixed into a mixture of peat and wood to a share of 10-12% of the total energy content of the mixture. Also the baled material was transported to a farm centre or terminal for unloading the farm wagon and loading on a road truck (135 m3). In this case an additional procedure is needed for chopping the bales before mixing them into the fuel mixture. Chopping of baled crops is sometimes problematic since it generates dust and noise, and it might also cause fire. For this reason some CHP plants will not accept this handling inside the gates. This study has started from the state that the RCG was moved with a conditioning mover (3,5-4,0 m). The capacity of balers and forage choppers were registered. The transport capacity was also registered. Results from the harvest and transport operations show that field chopping system are very efficient up to the farm level. The very low density of the chopped material 81-85 kg/m3 leads to low transport capacity on the road to CHP plant. A fully loaded truck could only take 11 ton dry RCG. The low density will also complicate dry storing of the chopped material. For storing purposes, big square bales with a density of 380 kg/m3 are more optimal. One full loaded truck of square bales could take 20,9 ton in average. The field chopping was done with a self propelled forage harvester with pick up (3,0 m) and tractor transported containers in the field and on trucks on the road. The overall capacity was very high. In spite of the high water content (77%) the total time consumption for all operation was the lowest compared to the other harvest systems when recalculated to 11,3% water content. Four different combustion tests were done with RCG in mixture with peat and wood. In Hedensbyn (98 MW CFB) two tests were made, one in June 2008 and one in November 2009, using field directly chopped RCG. In both test the RCG share of the mixture was 10% of the total fuel energy. The other components were peat 10-20% and wood 70-80%. The results show no negative influence of mixing in RCG at this level. Both particle and gaseous emissions were at the same level as reference mixture without RCG. The deposits on cooled probes were slightly higher on the test in June but on the other hand it was slightly lower on the test in November. The XRF characterization of fly ashes from electric filter and bed material does not show any changes in chemical composition. Thus from these test it can be concluded that mixing in 10% RCG on energy base has no negative influence of combustion process in a CFB boiler. Two tests were done with briquettes made of RCG and peat, one in Eskilstuna 4MW grate fired boiler and one in Roebaecksdalen 600 kW grate fired boiler. The RCG was produced on organic soil to obtain low ash content. Comparisons were made between briquettes made with 100% RCG (high ash content) and with briquettes with 15% peat on weight base mixed with 85% RCG with low ash content. Results from these combustion tests show that NO{sub x} emissions increased when RCG was used compared to wood pellets (600 kW boiler) explained by high N content in RCG. Even the total dust in flue gas increased with RCG compared with wood pellets (600 kW boiler) but total dust emissions were reduced with 50% when peat was mixed in briquettes.

Model based monitoring functions for safer and more efficient operation of remotely operated plants; Modellbaserade oevervakningsfunktioner foer saekrare och effektivare drift av fjaerrstyrda anlaeggningar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bjoerklund, Thomas; Raaberg, Martin [Carl Bro Energikonsult AB, Malmoe (Sweden)

2004-12-01

The increasing demands on profitability lead to an increase in the demands on production units. These demands include an increase in production capacity, in efficiency and a decrease in production costs. To accommodate these demands the tendency is to connect several production units to control and monitor them in one central control room. This generates a huge demand on the operators. They should understand a large amount of different plants. They should understand how the plants act in several operation points and in addition understand how they operate together. This results in the fact that the monitoring and maintenance personnel are not able to have full knowledge about the processes in all these plants. The implementation of a simple device oriented, model based monitoring function will help the personnel in the decision making in process related issues. This report describes methods to easily include process knowledge in the I-C-system. Emanating from known physical facts about the functionality of the devices and use them to combine process values into functions that will describe the status of the device alarms can be created. These alarms are activated if the functionality deviates from the normal operating procedure in specific ways. The primary target group is the plant owners of district heating plants, but the process industry in general is faced with the same problems. The work includes three parts; an investigative part, a compiling part and a describing part. The investigative part involves investigating theories, the normal level of instrumentation and discussions with operators to confirm the alarms and the appropriate actions. The compiling part involves to in the best way mace use of the normal level of instrumentation to achieve the operator's goals with respect to valid alarms. These goals are attained through adapting the existing theory in the area. The describing part includes the presentation of the equations and relations involved in a way that a programmer could implement it in a control system. The studies shows that the interesting objects are pumps and heat exchanges. These objects have an essential function in heat and power plants. By securing the function of these objects, the accessibility of the plant is increased and the risk for unplanned outages is decreased. These objects are the focus of the report. For these objects all variables shown to be of interest are described in general programming code. In addition additional variables has been identified and described. The goal of the work is thus achieved.

NCBI nr-aa BLAST: CBRC-OPRI-01-0485 [SEVENS

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available CBRC-OPRI-01-0485 ref|YP_680544.1| magnesium chelatase subunit D [Roseobacter denit...rificans OCh 114] gb|ABG29858.1| magnesium-chelatase 60 kDa subunit [Roseobacter denitrificans OCh 114] YP_680544.1 0.003 28% ...

UniProt search blastx result: AK288277 [KOME

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available AK288277 J090017K16 Q160X3|RL11_ROSDO 50S ribosomal protein L11 - Roseobacter denit...rificans (strain ATCC 33942 / OCh 114) (Erythrobacter sp. (strain OCh 114)) (Roseobacter denitrificans) 7.00E-34 ...

UniProt search blastx result: AK288771 [KOME

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available AK288771 J090068A13 Q160Y1|RS12_ROSDO 30S ribosomal protein S12 - Roseobacter denit...rificans (strain ATCC 33942 / OCh 114) (Erythrobacter sp. (strain OCh 114)) (Roseobacter denitrificans) 2.00E-37 ...

UniProt search blastx result: AK288526 [KOME

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available AK288526 J090044E18 Q160Y1|RS12_ROSDO 30S ribosomal protein S12 - Roseobacter denit...rificans (strain ATCC 33942 / OCh 114) (Erythrobacter sp. (strain OCh 114)) (Roseobacter denitrificans) 1.00E-37 ...

Study concerning today's and tomorrow's power metering and balance settlements structure for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle/Electric Vehicle charging; Studie avseende dagens och morgondagens elmaetnings- och avraekningsinfrastruktur foer PHEV/EV-laddning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moilanen, Mika (Vattenfall Services Nordic AB (Sweden)); Spante, Lennart (Vattenfall Research and Development AB (Sweden))

2009-07-01

This study is a part of the ELFORSK programme: 'Plug-In Hybrids and Electric Vehicles', sub programme 'P6 - Future systems for payment, communication and charging of Plug-In Hybrids (PHEV) and electrical vehicles (EV)'. As a first task within this sub programme, a study concerning today's and tomorrow's infrastructure for electrical metering and clearing for PHEV/EV-charging was made during autumn 2008. This report shows the results and conclusions from the initial work concerning this market related issue. During an introductory market phase, it is assumed that public charging mainly will be made by connecting an onboard charger in the vehicle to a single-phase 230 V outlet with 10 (or 16 A) fuse. For charging power of 2.3 - 3.7 kW, the cost for electricity (including grid fee) will be 3 - 5 SEK/charging hour. Costs for charging post investment, and maintenance etc must also be added. The future total 'customer cost' for access to charging posts in this power range is estimated to be less than 10 SEK/charging hour including electricity. In larger cities the 'hour cost' for parking is, in many cases, considerably higher than this. Today, there are no official regulations for charging and associated payment of PHEV/EV. In the report a number of infrastructure solutions with different levels of ambitions for utilising existing systems, e g allowing electricity supplier selection, are presented. The examples describe possible flows of payment between different potential actors within the PHEV/EV market. In the first market phase the number of charging posts and consequently number of chargings will be limited. If current market regulations would be followed the administrative costs for billing each charge would exceed other costs associated with the charge, which is not realistic. A suitable solution is to manage PHEV/EV charging and payment outside the comprehensive regulations of the electricity market, by letting charging and payment be a part of the existing electricity subscription (e g by specific charging fees determined by the charging place operator). The solution may be considered as the cheapest solution for the market what regards the pricing for the charging service, however the existing metering- and debiting system of the utilities cannot be used and neither can electricity supplier be chosen. Since the expectations and the demands on the market for PHEV/EV charging in a more mature stage may be changed, this study also looks at different solutions including separate electricity metering for the charging (including choice of electricity supplier). The total costs for the society for these solutions have not been evaluated in this initial study. It needs to be further investigated if the legislation for network concession (in Electricity Law SFS 1997:857 and Statute SFS 2007:215 about exception from requirement on network concession, especially paragraphs 23-29 about transferring electricity on behalf of second party) needs to change in order to allow a wider expansion of charge infrastructure. This investigation needs to be done in close interaction between the Energy Markets Inspectorate, the energy industry and other relevant parties. The rules of today contain some limitations and a change of these needs to be reflected in the light of how the electricity market as a whole works. The recommendation from this initial study is to further deepen the dialogue with the different actors in order to get their view on future charging and associated payment for PHEV/EV. This will give a better picture of how the different alternatives for electricity metering and clearing affect the market and of the total costs for the different alternatives. The Swedish electric power industry takes actively part in the European standardisation work in order to facilitate the market introduction of electrical vehicles. They are very interested in that infrastructure solutions will meet the customers' demands on a European market for electrical vehicles. Private customers must e g be able to use their electrical vehicle also on vacation in other EU-countries. By not rigidly tying the charging infrastructure to the (regulative) design of the Swedish electricity market means that it, at a later stage, will be easier to adopt infrastructure, charging and demands on electrical vehicles to a European structure. At the same time, the Swedish expansion of charging infrastructure may proceed

Potential utilization of biomass in production of electricity, heat and transportation fuels including energy combines - Regional analyses and examples; Potentiell avsaettning av biomassa foer produktion av el, vaerme och drivmedel inklusive energikombinat - Regionala analyser och raekneexempel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ericsson, Karin; Boerjesson, Paal

2008-01-15

The objective of this study is to analyse how the use of biomass may increase in the next 10-20 years in production of heat, electricity and transportation fuels in Sweden. In these analyses, the biomass is assumed to be used in a resource and cost efficient way. This means for example that the demand for heat determines the potential use of biomass in co-generation of heat and electricity and in energy combines, and that the markets for by-products determine the use of biomass in production of certain transportation fuels. The economic conditions are not analysed in this study. In the heat and electricity production sector, we make regional analyses of the potential use of biomass in production of small-scale heat, district heat, process heat in the forest industry and electricity produced in co-generation with heat in the district heating systems and forest industry. These analyses show that the use of biomass in heat and electricity production could increase from 87 TWh (the use in 2004/2005, excluding small-scale heat production with firewood) to between 113 TWh and 134 TWh, depending on the future expansion of the district heating systems. Geographically, the Stockholm province accounts for a large part of the potential increase owing to the great opportunities for increasing the use of biomass in production of district heat and CHP in this region. In the sector of transportation fuels we applied a partly different approach since we consider the market for biomass-based transportation fuels to be 'unconstrained' within the next 10-20 years. Factors that constrain the production of these fuels are instead the availability of biomass feedstock and the local conditions required for achieving effective production systems. Among the first generation biofuels this report focuses on RME and ethanol from cereals. We estimate that the domestic production of RME and ethanol could amount to up to 1.4 TWh/y and 0.7-3.8 TWh/y, respectively, where the higher figure describes future opportunities. The analysis of biofuels produced using second-generation technology focuses on the design of energy combines and the physical conditions for utilising the produced heat in the district heating systems. Since we consider the utilisation of district heating systems as heat sinks to be relatively limited, it is of great importance to design the energy combines so that the heat production is limited. This can be achieved through good heat integration and optimisation of the biofuel production. Taking the development over the past few years and current policy instruments into account, we find it realistic that the use of biomass in heat and electricity production will increase in line with our estimates, i.e. by 30-50% within the next 10 to 20 years. Future use of biomass in production of transportation fuels, on the other hand, is more difficult to assess

Litteraturarbete i ett svenska som andraspråksklassrum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Catarina Economou

2015-06-01

Full Text Available AbstractThis article considers the role of reading fiction in Swedish as a second language instruction. The study examines how a group of advanced second language learners in a Swedish upper secondary school read, interpret and discuss a contemporary Swedish novel, how they interact with the text and with each other in relation to the text. Furthermore, it analyses which forms of reading the students use. It is a qualitative, empirical study based on field studies, transcriptions of tape recorded interaction and of written texts. The results indicate that second language learners in this context have a positive attitude towards reading and discussing what they read using several forms of reading. They often compare the content of the text to their own lives. One conclusion is that literature teaching and literature can be integrated into one Swedish subject in order to create even more meaningful interactions between students from different backgrounds. Another is that literature can be a means of language development as well as personal development.Keywords: Second language learners, literature pedagogy and didactics, forms of reading, democracy. SammandragDenna artikel handlar om skönlitteraturens roll i skolämnet svenska som andraspråk. Studien undersöker hur en grupp avancerade andraspråksinlärare i en svensk gymnasieskola läser, tolkar och diskuterar en modern svensk roman och hur de interagerar med texten och med varandra i relation till texten. Dessutom analyseras vilka läsarter som eleverna använde sig av. Den är en kvalitativ, empirisk studie som baseras på fältstudier, transkriptioner av inspelade boksamtal och elevtexter. Resultaten visar att andraspråkseleverna hade en positiv attityd till boksamtal och de använde sig av flera läsarter. De jämförde ofta texten till sina egna liv och erfarenheter.  En slutsats är att litteraturundervisning och litteraturarbete skulle kunna integreras i ett gemensamt ämne så att �

Constraining the Molecular Complexity in the Interstellar Medium—The Formation of Ethyl Methyl Ether (CH3OCH2CH3) in Star-forming Regions

Science.gov (United States)

Bergantini, Alexandre; Frigge, Robert; Kaiser, Ralf I.

2018-05-01

We report the first confirmed synthesis of ethyl methyl ether (EME, CH3CH2OCH3) within astrophysical model ices containing water (H2O) and methane (CH4) exposed to ionizing radiation at ultra-low temperatures of 5 K. EME (also known as methoxyethane), was recently observed toward Orion KL and currently is the largest confirmed oxygen-bearing molecule found in the interstellar medium. Exploiting isomer-selective photoionization (PI) of the subliming molecules in the temperature-programmed desorption phase at 10.49, 9.92, and 9.70 eV, coupled with reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry and isotopic substitution experiments (H2 18O–CH4), the detection of fragment ions of EME at m/z = 45 (C2H5O+) and m/z = 59 (C3H7O+), and probing the proton transfer in subliming ethanol–EME complexes via m/z = 61 (C3H9O+), the present study reveals that EME can be formed from suprathermal reactions initiated by cosmic rays and secondary electrons generated within astrophysical ices. The detection of EME in our experiments represents a significant advance in the understanding of formation pathways of complex organic molecules present in hot cores and helps to constrain astrochemical models on the formation of such species within molecular clouds.

Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus feeding on lichens and mushrooms: traditional ecological knowledge among reindeer-herding Sami in northern Sweden

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Berit Inga

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The study was performed in four reindeer-herding districts (Sami villages in northern Sweden. Reindeer herding Sami, born in 1950 or earlier, were interviewed about reindeer foraging behaviour on lichens and mushrooms, especially relating to non-summer grazing habits, and about characteristics of a good winter feeding ground. The informants claimed that lichens are preferably grazed in the wintertime, but that they also may be eaten in the summertime when the weather is cold and humid. Mushrooms were chosen in the autumn months August and September, but according to some informants mushrooms may also be eaten during late autumn (from Oct. when frozen and under the snow. The reindeer herders had different names for lichens, which in general terms describe their appearance and habitat. For mushrooms they only used one Sami name. Ground lichens preferred by reindeer are Cladonia species, while the nitrogen-fixing lichen species such as Nephroma arcticum and Stereocaulon pascale were said not to be preferred by the reindeer. Snow conditions are very important, and the less snow (and the softer it is, the better. Habitats where reindeer herders know from experience that snow conditions tend to be problematic, e.g. in moist and open areas with small trees, are used early in the winter (Oct.–Jan., before too much snow has accumulated. A good winter grazing area should have lichens. It is preferably a dry pine (Pinus sylvestris forest heath with large, old and wide-crowned trees to shelter the ground from snow and thereby ease the cratering by reindeer. Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: Renens (Rangifer tarandus tarandus bete av lavar och svampar: Traditionell ekologisk kunskap bland renskötande samer i norra Sverige Studien genomfördes i fyra renskötseldistrikt (samebyar i norra Sverige. Totalt 22 renskötande samer, födda 1950 eller tidigare, blev intervjuade om renens betande av lavar och svampar, renens vinterbete och om vad som karakt

Robust on-line monitoring of biogas processes; Robusta maettekniker on-line foer optimerad biogasproduktion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nordberg, Aake; Hansson, Mikael; Kanerot, Mija; Krozer, Anatol; Loefving, Bjoern; Sahlin, Eskil

2010-03-15

Although demand for biomethane in Sweden is higher than ever, many Swedish codigestion plants are presently operated below their designed capacity. Efforts must be taken to increase the loading rate and guarantee stable operation and high availability of the plants. There are currently no commercial systems for on-line monitoring, and due to the characteristics of the material, including corrosion and tearing, robust applications have to be developed. The objective of this project was to identify and study different monitoring technologies with potential for on-line monitoring of both substrate mixtures and anaerobic digester content. Based on the prerequisites and demands at Boraas Energi och Miljoe AB's (BEMAB, the municipal energy and waste utility in the city of Boraas, Sweden) biogas plant, the extent of the problems, measurement variables and possible ways of managing these issues have been identified and prioritized. The substrate mixtures in question have a high viscosity and are inhomogeneous with variation in composition, which calls for further homogenization, dilution and filtration to achieve high precision in the necessary analyses. Studies of using different mixers and mills showed that the particle size (800 mum) needed for on-line COD measurement could not be achieved. The problem of homogenization can be avoided if indirect measurement methods are used. Laboratory tests with NIR (near-infra red spectroscopy) showed that VS can be predicted (R2=0,78) in the interval of 2-9% VS. Furthermore, impedance can give a measurement of soluble components. However, impedance is not sensitive enough to give a good measurement of total TS. Microwave technology was installed at the production plant and showed a faster response to changes in TS than the existing TS-sensor. However, due to technical problems, the evaluation only could be done during a limited period of ten days. BEMAB will continue the measurements and evaluation of the instrument. The

Saja-aastane Rootsi Kirjanike Liit ja selle Eesti seoseid / Valev Uibopuu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Uibopuu, Valev, 1913-1997

2012-01-01

Rootsi Kirjanike Liit (Sveriges Författarförbund) loodi 1893. Autor refereerib 1993 ilmunud Jan Gehlini koostatud raamatut "Floden och virvlar. Linjer och episoder ur hundra års författarfacklig historia" ("Jõgi ja keerised. Jooni ja episoode saja-aastasest kirjanike ametiühingulisest ajaloost")

Att sluta eller inte sluta : En litteraturstudie om tobaksavvänjningsmetoder

OpenAIRE

Bjellman, Karin

2007-01-01

Att sluta eller inte sluta? En litteraturstudie om tobaksavvänjningsmetoder Bjellman, K. Tobaksbruket har en lång historia, och de tobaksrelaterade sjukdomarna kostar samhället miljarder i sjukvårdskostnader och produktionsbortfall varje år. Andelen rökare minskar stadigt i Sverige, idag röker ca 15 procent av befolkningen. Resultaten från olika metoder för tobaksavvänjning är tämligen blygsamma, och ugefär nittio procent av de som slutar röka gör det på egen hand. Syftet med denna studie var...

Internprissättning : En studie av svenska företag

OpenAIRE

Körner, John; Davidsson, Niclas

2009-01-01

Begreppet ekonomistyrning innefattar många aktiviteter som i grunden handlar om att uppnå ekonomiska mål. Internprissättning är ett av dessa. När ett företag växer i storlek uppkommer ofta en diskussion om hur organisationen ska decentraliseras och vem som ska fatta beslut. Vanligt idag är att företagen decentraliseras och fler och fler beslut fattas lokalt. 1967 gjordes en enkätundersökning som innefattade totalt 235 svenska företag varav bland annat alla börsnoterade. Man ville undersök...

Jämnt Lärande : Ett illustrerat hjälpmedel till normkritisk granskning av läromedel

OpenAIRE

Denninger, Johan

2017-01-01

I detta examensarbete undersöks normbildande och reproducering av normer i samband med bilder i läromedel som används av modersmålslärare i Eskilstuna Kommun. Arbetet bygger på problematiken att stereotyper och reproducering av normer är vanligt förkommande i läromedlen samt att lärarnas brist på tid och möjlighet att granska läromedlen normkritiskt. Syftet med arbetet är att formge ett gestaltningsförslag till ett illustrerat hjälpmedel för normkritisk granskning av läromed...

Lagerskador kontra centralsmörjningssystem

OpenAIRE

Egestrand, Jens

2012-01-01

Examensarbetet som har genomförts på uppdrag av Stora Enso belyser svårigheter kring övervakning av lagerkondition och korta lagerlivslängder i presspartien på kartongmaskinerna. Arbetet belyser även om de korta lagerlivslängderna är smörjrelaterade och hur smörjmedlet påverkar lagerlivslängden. Det finns problematik med att finna lagerfel vid användning av vibrationsanalys på relativt lågvarviga maskiner, detta beror på den låga energinivån som genereras av en lagerdefekt och därmed döljs la...

Franchising i den svenska fastighetsmäklarbranschen : Franchising in the Swedish real estate industry

OpenAIRE

Narkander, Christoffer; Ilchishina, Elena

2010-01-01

Sammanfattning Bakgrund Idag blir det allt mer vanligt att mindre enskilda mäklarbyråer ansluter sig till de stora franchisekedjorna. Anslutningen innebär att den tidigare enskilde aktören lämnar sitt varumärke och sin tidigare affärsidé för att istället ta del av ett välkänt varumärke och ett framgångsrikt affärskoncept. Syfte & metod Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera vilka positiva och negativa effekter franchising bidrar med i den svenska fastighetsmäklarbranschen samt vilka ekonom...

Sociala media i marknadsföringen : Vägen från fenomen till marknadsföringsverktyg

OpenAIRE

Lindvall, Eivor

2012-01-01

Konsumenterna har tagit sociala media i användning och därmed har sociala mediernas betydelse vuxit som en marknadsplats, där även företagen kan ha nytta av att delta i PR- och marknadsföringssyfte. Min målsättning med detta examensarbete var att undersöka vilken nytta företag eftersträvar genom sin aktivitet i sociala media. Nyttan och riskerna med sociala media diskuterades ur en marknadsföringssynpunkt. Sociala media blir ofta beskrivna som ett fenomen för att dess historia är kort, me...

Hälsofrämjande fysisk aktivitet hos personer under adjuvant cancerbehandling relaterad till fatigue, livskvalitet samt self-efficacy

OpenAIRE

Zetterlund, Johanna

2016-01-01

Bakgrund Cancerdrabbade lider ofta av cancerrelaterad fatigue (CRF) och försämrad livskvalitet under och efter behandling. Hälsofrämjande fysisk aktivitet (HFA) kan minska risken för dessa negativa konsekvenser. HFA påverkas bl.a. av träningsrelaterad self-efficacy, dvs tilltron till egen förmåga att vara fysisk aktiv. Syfte Att undersöka HFA hos personer under adjuvant cancerbehandling vid diagnos och efter sex månader samt att undersöka om de med en stabil HFA hade lägre CRF, högre livskval...

IFRS 3 & IAS 39 : Övergången till IFRS – resultatmässiga effekter

OpenAIRE

Nieminen, Jan-Erik; Khan, Tahir

2005-01-01

Från och med den 1 januari 2005 måste alla börsnoterade bolag redovisa enligt IFRS. Fördelar med IFRS är harmonisering av redovisningsprinciperna mellan olika länder, internationellt enhetlig redovisningspraxis och att investerare lättare kan jämföra olika företags finansiella information som är baserade i olika länder. Nackdelar med IFRS är att reglerna är mer omfattande och detaljerade än de tidigare rekommendationerna från Redovisningsrådet. Vid införandet av IFRS 2005 förutspådde branschf...

Brandingprocessen för konsumtionsprodukten Tazza : En fallstudie

OpenAIRE

Holm, Maria

2012-01-01

Ämnesområdet i studien är branding och temat är brandingprocessen för konsumtions-produkter ur företagets synvinkel. Målet med studien är att beskriva och klargöra för olika element av brandingprocessen via ett case där produkten Tazza står i huvudrollen. Eftersom Tazza är en chokladdryck är den en del av FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) och CPG segmentet (Consumer Packaged Goods). Inom dessa segment strävar man till att komma på konsumenternas top of mind med starka brand. Brandingproces-se...

Distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av psykosocial arbetsmiljö i primärvården : En kvantitativ enkätstudie

OpenAIRE

Pettersson, Elin; Thomsgård, Elin

2018-01-01

Bakgrund I begreppet arbetsmiljö ingår de fysiska, psykiska och sociala upplevelser som en individ har i sitt arbete. Distriktssköterskans arbetsplats kan vara stressig på flera sätt vilket kan påverka den psykosociala arbetsmiljön negativt. Tillfredsställelse och motivation i arbetslivet är grundläggande för god psykosocial arbetsmiljö och för en individs goda hälsa. Syfte Att undersöka distriktsköterskors erfarenheter av psykosocial arbetsmiljö i primärvården. Metod Föreliggande studie har ...

Person till person kommunikation : Sociala mediers inverkan på det uppkopplade samhället

OpenAIRE

Kärrholm, Dan; Johansson, Henrik

2016-01-01

Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker eventuella risker för person till person kommunikation som kan härstammar i användning av moderna tekniken och de sociala medierna. Syftet är att ta reda på vilka konsekvenser som förekommer när man överkonsumerar modern teknik och diverse sociala medier (t.ex. Facebook, Twitter, instagram och Myspace). Undersökningen kommer sedan ligga till grund för ett gestaltningsarbete där fokusen ligger på att söka en teknik som kan förbättra kommunikationen person till ...

Void -spelprototyp för Xbox360 / Void -game prototype for Xbox360

OpenAIRE

Lindberg, Joakim; Gullbrandson, Fredrik; Nilsson, Bo Martin

2008-01-01

Detta examensarbete består utav av två delar, en produktionsdel och denna slutreflektion. Produktionsdelen varade i 15 veckor och gick ut på att utveckla en spelprototyp. Spelprototypen är ämnad för spelkonsolen Xbox360, som är den nya generationens tv-spel. För att kunna utveckla till denna konsol måste man använda sig av XNA, som är ett utvecklingsverktyg ämnat specifikt för Xbox360 och ett måste om man vill kunna utveckla till denna konsol som icke licensierad spelutvecklare. Denna rapport...

Köpbeteende i integrerade handelskanaler : En kvantitativ studie om integrerade handelskanaler & dess påverkan på kundens köp av elektronikprodukter

OpenAIRE

Hedenström, Lisa; Jakobsen, Nina

2016-01-01

Uppkomsten av internet och smarta teknologier har lett till en strukturomvandling kring kom-munikationen mellan kunder och företag. Internet har inneburit nya handelskanaler så som on-line butik, mobila applikationer med mera. Företag erbjuder således allt fler olika handels-kanaler för att nå ut till kunder. Detta har i sin tur lett till att kunder använder olika handels-kanaler i processen av att genomföra ett köp, kundens köpbeteende har således förändrats.  I och med uppkomsten av fler ha...

IKEA:s gråa hål : Hur IKEA kan få 50+ att handla mer möbler

OpenAIRE

Fredriksson, Patrik; Persson, Sebastian

2008-01-01

Syfte: Uppsatsen syfte är att beskriva och analysera varför IKEA-besökare i Karlstad, som tillhör kundgruppen 50+, väljer att inte handla möbler i samma utsträckning som de yngre besökarna. Metod: Uppsatsens undersökning grundas på en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ metod. Den kvalitativa metoden består av 20 öppna intervjuer med människor i kundgruppen 50+. Den kvantitativa metoden kompletterar den kvalitativa och består av frågeformulär som samtliga intervjuobjekt fick fylla i efter intervj...

Employer Branding : Ett gränsöverskridande varumärkesarbete

OpenAIRE

Axelsson, Åsa; Granstig, Anna

2004-01-01

Bakgrund: Denna uppsats handlar om hur företag ska kunna attrahera framtida kompetens med en ny varumärkesstrategi. ”Employer Branding” är namnet på denna strategi och beskrivs av konsulter som ett medel för företag att via en genomtänkt varumärkesstrategi profilera företaget på kompetensmarknaden. Grunderna i en Employer Branding-strategi innefattar följande aspekter: att kunna attrahera och behålla den bästa kompetensen samt att ena företaget kring sin vision och kultur. Vi har i denna upps...

Sashay : Vam välling - NU!

OpenAIRE

Engvall, Malin; Schnelzer, Natalié; Svedberg, Caroline

2008-01-01

Examensarbetet på 22,5 hp har utförts av Malin Engvall, Natalié Schnelzer och Caroline Svedberg som en avslutande del på Innovations- och designingenjörsprogrammet vid Karlstads universitet, fakulteten för teknik och naturvetenskap. Uppdragsgivare var JanErik Odhe som med sin tävlan i Venture Cup lämnat in en affärsidé som innefattar utveckling av en ny produkt. Målet var att ta fram en engångsprodukt som inom loppet av en minut kan ge tillgång till varm välling oberoende av var konsumenten b...

"Positive people always win" : en studie av hur kvinnor som livestreamar på Twitch.tv upplever interaktionen med sina tittare i kanalchatten

OpenAIRE

Thoresen, Josef; Elfwendahl, Sofia

2017-01-01

I denna studie har vi undersökt kvinnor som livestreamar sitt datorspelande på hemsidan Twitch.tv och deras erfarenheter gällande chattkommentarer på deras livesändningar. Vi har främst fokuserat på negativa chattkommentarer och hur dessa påverkar kvinnorna, då tidigare forskning redan har visat på att kvinnor utsätts för fler trakasserier än män, både generellt på internet och på Twitch.tv (Nakandala, Ciampaglia, Su & Ahn. 2016). Vidare ville vi också se hur kvinnorna hanterar dessa nega...

Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift : Volym 77: Häfte 5, 1983

OpenAIRE

1983-01-01

INNEHÅLLSFÖRTECKNING. O. ENGELMARK: Skogarna bränns i amerikanska nationalparker. K.-A. OLSSON: Pilgrimsveronika (Veronica peregrina) funnen i NÖ Skåne. Botanik från början: Öst är öst och väst är väst. I. ELVERS: Ultraviolettfotografering av blommor. B. WIDÉN och M. WIDÉN: Judasörat (Hirneola auricula-judae) i nordvästra Skåne. K. BOHLIN och M. JEPPSON: Frågor kring blåtryffeln, Chamonixia caespitosa. Hallingbäck/Holmåsens mossflora i starkare band. L. JERLING: Populationsdynamik hos gulkäm...

Trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharides of Mycobacterium gordonae: presence of a mono-O-methyltetra-O-acyltrehalose "core" and branching in the oligosaccharide backbone.

Science.gov (United States)

Besra, G S; McNeil, M R; Khoo, K H; Dell, A; Morris, H R; Brennan, P J

1993-11-30

Past evidence has indicated that Mycobacterium gordonae, as isolated from soil and as an occasional opportunistic pathogen, exists as a serocomplex. We now demonstrate that the basis of seroreactivity and diversity is a novel series of alkali-labile, trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharides (LOS). The structures from two strains were established by per-O-methylation, partial acid hydrolysis, infrared and high-field NMR spectroscopy, electron-impact MS, and fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry of the native lipooligosaccharides and hydrolysis products. The structure of the major lipooligosaccharide, LOS-I, of M. gordonae strain 989 was defined as 2-O-CH3-4-O-CH3CO-alpha-L-Fucp-(1-->3)- beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-2-O-CH3-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-[beta-D-Xylp++ +-(1-->2)-]- alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3 )-6-O- CH3-alpha-D-Glcp-(11)-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acyl-alpha-D-Glcp, which was further glycosylated at C-3 of the terminal 2-O-CH3-4-O-CH3CO-alpha-L-Fucp by an incompletely defined N-acyl derivative of 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-2,3-di-O-CH3-Galp. The structure of the major lipooligosaccharide, LOS-I, of a second strain of M. gordonae (strain 990) was defined as alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->2)-3-O-CH3-alpha-L-Rhap- (1-->3)-[beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)-]-alpha-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-beta-D-G lcp- (1-->3)[beta-D-Xylp-(1-->2)-]-alpha-L-Rhap- (1-->3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1--> 3)-6-O-CH3- alpha-D-Glcp-(11)-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acyl-alpha-D-Glcp. The other minor LOSs from both strains were also defined. Both families of LOSs from the two strains contain a novel mono-6'-O-CH3-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acyltrehalose unit, representing the first example of such a unit among the LOSs isolated to date from mycobacteria. Also, the more polar antigenic products, LOS-I, -II', -II", and -III from M. gordonae 989 and LOS-I, -II, and -II' from M. gordonae 990, are characterized by branching of the oligosaccharide backbone, the first instance of sugar branching in these products. In

Outlook on renewable fuels in Sweden - Update and extension of the study 'Opportunities for renewable fuels in Sweden to 2030' by Grahn and Hansson, 2010; Utsikt foer foernybara drivmedel i Sverige - Uppdatering och utvidgning av studien 'Moejligheter foer foernybara drivmedel i Sverige till aar 2030', av Grahn och Hansson 2010

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hansson, Julia [IVL, Stockholm (Sweden); Grahn, Maria [Chalmers Tekniska Hoegskola, Goeteborg (Sweden)

2013-02-15

The purpose of this study is to update and extend the authors' analysis, from 2010. The report includes a compilation of other actors visions for the development of renewable fuels, a compilation of control means for renewable fuels, a survey of existing and planned production for biofuels in Sweden and outlook to the world. There is a discussion of Sweden's future import opportunities, a survey of the state of infrastructure and vehicles, and finally scenarios for the development of renewable fuels in Sweden to 2030, with different assumptions. The study's analysis is based on literature studies, contacts with actors in the field and on the results of our own scenarios. The scenarios provide a picture of the potential contribution of renewable fuels, to the Swedish road transport sector, can range from 7 to 16 TWh in 2020 and 13-30 TWh in 2030 (of which 5 to 13 TWh in 2020 and 13-26 TWh in 2030 is the possible domestic contribution that is., without imports)

Lärplatta som verktyg för elever i behov av särskilt stöd! : En specialpedagogisk studie om hur elever i åk 4-7 använder lärplatta i klassrummet och hur uppföljning av användningen sker

OpenAIRE

Lindgren, Ditte; Nordström, Ulrika

2017-01-01

Studiens syfte var att få kunskap om hur lärplatta används som verktyg för elever i behov av särskilt stöd i åk 4-7, samt om lärplattan används utifrån specialpedagogens syfte för den enskilda eleven med den. Använda datainsamlingsmetoder är kvalitativa intervjuer med specialpedagoger, lärare och elever, samt elevobservationer. De frågeställningar som studien sökt svar på är: i vilket syfte valdes lärplatta som verktyg av specialpedagog för elever i behov av särskilt stöd, hur använder elever...

District Heating at Power Failures - Final Report; Fjaerrvaerme vid Elavbrott - Slutrapport

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lauenburg, Patrick; Johansson, Per-Olof

2008-11-15

Our society is vulnerable to prolonged power cuts. In cold weather interrupted heating is one of the most serious threats. District heating is available at most locations in Sweden and if heat can be transferred to the connected buildings at a power failure, it is of great importance for securing energy supply. In this work it was found that there are good opportunities for upholding heat supply at a power failure through self-circulation in connected radiator system, which has previously been overlooked. Self Circulation occurs when there is a sufficiently large temperature difference between forward and return line in the radiator system. The control and circulation in radiator systems will fail, but if the district heating water can continue to pass through the heat exchangers of the radiator systems self-circulation can occur. A prerequisite for self-circulation in the individual buildings to work is therefore to district heating network can operate at a power failure. District heating supply must have back to maintain the production and distribution of district heating, which is not always the case. Our studies show that there is every reason to this. Moreover there are customers that have their own reserve aggregates, such as hospitals, which are dependent on the district heating network function. In an extensive power failure, it may be desirable to establish a smaller grid, separate from backbone, using local electricity generation. The establishment of such a network requires there is local production which can start to loose voltage networks and has necessary control equipment for the frequency approach. In Malmoe, it is now possible to establish a such a network with the help of local production units. A prerequisite is that there are consumption of heating. It is not unusual for power plants (which produce both electricity and heat) is dependent on the pipe system for cooling the production of electricity. One can from the results also argue that every district should have cogeneration for a security of supply. The results show that the vast majority of buildings can be self-circulation in a power failure equivalent to 40-80 percent of the warming effect. Hot water systems covered primarily not of this, even if some hot water production can be possible. Self-circulation works better the higher the ambient temperature is. However, most buildings, possibly after some modifications, have at least 50 percent of the warming impact at a very low ambient temperature, which means that you normally do for several days before a possible evacuation becomes necessary. The studies have enabled a number of recommendations have been compiled. The recommendations are designed to increase opportunities for self-circulation of different systems and is addressed to all parties concerned, i.e. from authorities and district heating companies to manufacturers, building owners, operators and residents, and includes both preparatory steps and these actions can be taken when a power failure has been occurred. Finally, we note that there should be a value in the form of the presented results are a selling point for the district and the societal costs of example, reserve units and possible evacuations can be reduced

Does acetone react with HO2 in the upper-troposphere?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Lelieveld

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Recent theoretical calculations showed that reaction with HO2 could be an important sink for acetone (CH3C(OCH3 and source of acetic acid (CH3C(OOH in cold parts of the atmosphere (e.g. the tropopause region. This work details studies of HO2 + CH3C(OCH3 (CH32C(OHOO (R1 in laboratory-based and theoretical chemistry experiments; the atmospheric significance of Reaction (R1 was assessed in a global 3-D chemical model. Pulsed laser-kinetic experiments were conducted, for the first time, at the low-temperatures representative of the tropopause. Reaction with NO converted HO2 to OH for detection by laser induced fluorescence. Reduced yields of OH at T 2 by CH3C(OCH3 with a forward rate coefficient greater than 2 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. No evidence for Reaction (R1 was observed at T > 230 K, probably due to rapid thermal dissociation back to HO2 + CH3C(OCH3. Numerical simulations of the data indicate that these experiments were sensitive to only (R1a HO2-CH3C(OCH3 complex formation, the first step in (R1. Rearrangement (R1b of the complex to form peroxy radicals, and hence the atmospheric significance of (R1 has yet to be rigorously verified by experiment. Results from new quantum chemical calculations indicate that K1 is characterised by large uncertainties of at least an order of magnitude at T 3C(OCH3 near the tropopause, it cannot explain observations of CH3C(OOH throughout the troposphere.

Influence of boron concentration on growth characteristic and electro-catalytic performance of boron-doped diamond electrodes prepared by direct current plasma chemical vapor deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Feng Yujie; Lv Jiangwei; Liu Junfeng; Gao Na; Peng Hongyan; Chen Yuqiang

2011-01-01

A series of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes were prepared by direct current plasma chemical vapor deposition (DC-PCVD) with different compositions of CH 4 /H 2 /B(OCH 3 ) 3 gas mixture. A maximum growth rate of 0.65 mg cm -2 h -1 was obtained with CH 4 /H 2 /B(OCH 3 ) 3 radio of 4/190/10 and this growth condition was also a turning point for discharge plasma stability which arose from the addition of B(OCH 3 ) 3 that changed electron energy distribution and influenced the plasma reaction. The surface coating structure and electro-catalytic performance of the BDD electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Hall test, and electrochemical measurement and electro-catalytic oxidation in phenol solution. It is suggested that the boron doping level and the thermal stress in the films are the main factors affecting the electro-catalytic characteristics of the electrodes. Low boron doping level with CH 4 /H 2 /B(OCH 3 ) 3 ratio of 4/199/1 decreased the films electrical conductivity and its electro-catalytic activity. When the carrier concentration in the films reached around 10 20 cm -3 with CH 4 /H 2 /B(OCH 3 ) 3 ratio over a range of 4/195/5-4/185/15, the thermal stress in the films was the key reason that influenced the electro-catalytic activity of the electrodes for its effect on diamond lattice expansion. Therefore, the BDD electrode with modest CH 4 /H 2 /B(OCH 3 ) 3 ratio of 4/190/10 possessed the best phenol removal efficiency.

Colour stability and water-holding capacity of M. longissimus and carcass characteristics in fallow deer (Dama dama grazed on natural pasture or fed barley

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eva Wiklund

2005-03-01

Full Text Available The effects of feeding regimen on carcass characteristics, meat colour and water-holding capacity of M. longissimus were studied in 24 female fallow deer (Dama dama. All animals were farm raised; twelve were grazed on pasture and twelve were fed barley and a small amount of hay prior to slaughter. The animals were slaughtered at two occasions (during the Southern Hemisphere spring; after 19 weeks of feeding (n=12; 6 grazing and 6 barley fed animals; group 1 and after 24 weeks of feeding (n=12; 6 grazing and 6 barley fed animals; group 2. The barley/hay-fed deer had significantly higher body condition scores and carcass weights than the pasture raised group. No difference in meat ultimate pH values between the treatment groups was recorded. The meat from the pasture raised deer had significantly longer colour display life after 2 and 3 weeks of refrigerated storage (+ 2.0 ºC in vacuum bags. There was no difference in drip loss between the two treatment groups. However, significantly lower drip losses were found in meat from the animals in group 2 compared with the ones in group 1 (P ≤ 0.001. It was concluded that the feeding regimen of the animals is an important factor that contributes to the variation in quality of fresh chilled deer meat (venison, mainly the colour stability and display life of vacuum packaged meat.Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: I denna undersökning ingick 24 dovhjortshindar (Dama dama för att studera effekterna av olika typer av foder (bete och korn på slaktkroppskvalitet samt färg och vattenhållande förmåga i köttet (M. longissimus. Alla djur var uppfödda på en hjortfarm, 12 betade gräs och 12 utfodrades med korn och en liten mängd hö före slakt. Djuren slaktades vid två olika tillfällen (under våren på det södra halvklotet; efter 19 veckors utfodring (n=12; 6 betesdjur och 6 kornfodrade djur; grupp 1 och efter 24 veckors utfodring (n=12; 6 betesdjur och 6 kornfodrade djur; grupp 2. De dovhjortar

Elbilens miljöpåverkan

OpenAIRE

Lehtonen, Alvar

2017-01-01

Elbilen är framtidens fordon och blir populärare stund för stund. I detta arbete har elbi-lens miljöpåverkan betraktats ur ett globalt och ett finskt perspektiv. Målet var att ge en kort inblick i elbilshelheten med koncentration på miljöaspekter. I arbetet betraktas energianvändning, utsläpp, produktion samt framtidsvyer. Syftet med arbetet var att nå en opartisk helhet med pålitliga fakta och på så sätt bygga upp en text som beskriver elbilens miljöpåverkan. Centrala frågan genom hela a...

Kundnöjdheten i Hotel Anna

OpenAIRE

Boije, Daniel

2014-01-01

I dagens läge värderas kundrelationer högt inom marknadsföringen. Kundnöjdhet förknippas med lönsamhet och ses som en långsiktig investering. Hotel Anna är ett litet hotell i centrala Helsingfors och fungerar som min uppdragsgivare. Syftet med detta arbete är att utreda kundnöjdheten samt hur kundbetjäning och kvalitet upplevs i hotellet. Delsyftet är också att hitta kundnöjdhets förbättringsförslag för hotellet. Den teoretiska referensramen består av teori som behandlar tjänster, kvalitet, k...

Konflikter, ogräs eller frön? : Arbetsplatskonflikter utifrån ett ledarskapsperspektiv

OpenAIRE

Aarvaag, Evalinda; Lindroth, Linda

2016-01-01

Det gemensamma intresset för konflikter grundade idén att studera väl ansedda ledares perspektiv på arbetsplatskonflikter och hur dessa ledare löser konflikter konstruktivt. I grunden finns en undran om väl ansedda ledare har förmågor som gör att de löser konflikter mer konstruktivt. Konflikter utgör en stor del av en ledares arbetstid. Konflikter kan förmodligen inte undvikas men hur konflikter hanteras är avgörande för att en organisation och dess anställda skall mogna och utvecklas. Det ha...

Internrevisionens betydelse : En studie om påverkan på externrevisorers arbete

OpenAIRE

Holmblad, Ida; Schou Vassbotn, Johanne

2013-01-01

Bolagsstyrningen har förändrats på grund av vissa negativa företagshändelser som inträffade under 2000-talet. Det har blivit ett större fokus på internkontroll och etik. Som ett led i detta har även betydelsen av internrevision ökat. För att öka effektiviteten och kvaliteten på revisionen måste en samverkan mellan interna och externa revisorer äga rum. Förhållandet mellan parterna är avgörande för att fastställa styrningen av företaget. Denna bakgrund ledde oss fram till uppsatsens syfte som ...

Vilken term är bäst?

OpenAIRE

Kindenberg, Björn; Lindqvist, Eva; György Ullholm, Kamilla

2017-01-01

I Lisetten nr 2/2016 diskuterar forskare i Nätverket för translanguaging en svensk motsvarighet till termen translanguaging och för som förslag fram "transspråkande". Artikeln är också en replik på tidigare inlägg i en översättningsdebatt som förts i Lisetten (nr 4/2015 och nr 1/2016), en spännande och belysande serie artiklar som gett en fördjupad diskussion om innebörden av begreppet translanguaging. Artikeln från Nätverket för translanguaging fördjupar resonemangen än mer, men landar, mena...

Vem gynnas av föräldraskap? : Ett vinjettexperiment vid Linköpings universitet

OpenAIRE

Fahlström, Zara; Askestad, Emil

2015-01-01

Tidigare forskning indikerar att föräldraskap är av betydelse för en individs karriärsutveckling. Stöd finns för löneskillnader, i både Sverige och USA, mellan personer som har barn och personer som inte har barn. Mammor har en lägre löneutveckling än kvinnor utan barn, medan det inte är tydligt om pappor får en bättre eller sämre karriärutveckling än män utan barn. Forskning indikerar att det orsakas av individers attityd, uppfattning och beteende gentemot individer med fa...

Laget före jaget? : En kvalitativ studie om hur svenska sportorganisationer kommunicerar under en spelares individuella kris

OpenAIRE

Bjerkland, Albin; Edman, Benjamin

2018-01-01

Idrottsskandaler blir ofta uppmärksammade i nyhetsmedier och aktörerna i krisen behöver därför uttala sig offentligt. Denna studie undersöker hur svenska sportorganisationer, Malmö FF, IF Björklöven, Gefle IF och Pixbo Wallenstam, hanterar en kris som uppstått från ett individuellt övertramp. Mer specifikt försöker studien att ta reda på hur och till vilken grad laget skyddar sin organisation, respektive den anklagade spelaren i den externa kommunikationen. För att kunna svara på de frågestäl...

Procurement principles and vendor management in technological start-up companies

OpenAIRE

Jakobsson, Charlotta

2016-01-01

Denna studie är kopplad till direkta inköp inom teknologiska startup företag. Målet med studien är att undersöka vilka direktupphandlingsmetoder teknologiska startup företag använder sig avsamt att få reda på hur de sköter sina leverantörförhållanden. Ett vidare mål är att och på basis av resultaten ta fram inköpsrekommendationer för företagen och för Salusfin. Forskningen är begränsad till teknologiska startup företag samt deras direktupphandlings aktiviteter, och kan inte med säkerhet gener...

En dialog för hållbarhet : En studie om statliga företags intressentdialog i praktiken

OpenAIRE

Danielsson, Josefin; Ulleryd, Ida

2016-01-01

Kraven på att organisationer ska ta ett socialt, miljömässigt och ekonomiskt ansvar har ökat i och med den ökade medvetenhet om hur olika verksamheter påverkar såväl miljö som samhälle. Det huvudsakliga verktyget för företag att kommunicera sitt ansvars- och hållbarhetsarbete är genom hållbarhetsredovisningen, där Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI) riktlinjer är den mest använda standarden vid upprättandet av en hållbarhetsredovisning. En av de grundläggande principerna i GRI är att företagen...

If You Live in a Nuclear Submarine : En diskursanalys av Xbox One i Time & Forbes

OpenAIRE

Sjöberg, Magnus; Stabell Jebsen, Carl Axel

2014-01-01

Xbox One är en spelkonsol från företaget Microsoft och en uppföljare till Xbox 360. Konsolen presenterades officiellt vid en presskonferens den 21 maj 2013 och före presentationen så fanns det ett av många rykten om ett krav på att vara ständigt uppkopplad mot internet som rapporterades i media. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att i utifrån efterförloppet av Microsofts premiärlansering av spelkonsolen Xbox One undersöka den diskursiva bild som nyhetsmedierna Forbes och Time använder för att sk...

Idag lever Kjell med Britt-Marie : En kritisk diskursanalys av framställningen av homosexualitet i TV-reklam

OpenAIRE

Kristensson, Sophia; Olsson, Emma

2016-01-01

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur homosexualitet skildras i svensk TV-reklam. Detta med anledning av mediers möjligheter till att påverka publiken samt utifrån heteronormen i samhället. För att uppfylla målet med studien har ett par frågeställningar formulerats: “Vilka diskursiva teman framkommer i resultatet och vad säger de om framställningen av homosexualitet i TV-reklam?” och “Skiljer sig framställningen av homosexualitet från framställningen av heterosexualitet och i så fall hur?”. Sex...

Narrativ medicin

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hvas, Lotte; Getz, Linn

2015-01-01

Dagens allmänmedicin påverkas av ett växande managementtänkandetillsammans med fragmenterande ekonomiska incitament.Vårdens kvaliteter evalueras med nya metoder som ”värdebaseradvård” där värde räknas i kronor och ören. Produktion går före etik,och det intersubjektiva mötet mellan patient och läk...... läkare håller påatt nedvärderas. Perspektiven från narrativ medicin kan bidra tillatt visa vad som står på spel. Vilken blir annars berättelsen omallmänmedicinen?...

Synthesis and X-ray structure of the dysprosium(III complex derived from the ligand 5-chloro-1,3-diformyl-2-hydroxybenzene-bis-(2-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone [Dy2(C22H16ClN4O53](SCN 3.(H2O.(CH3OH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aliou H. Barry

2003-12-01

Full Text Available The title compound [Dy2(C22H16ClN4O53](SCN 3.(H2O.(CH3OH has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined by single X-ray diffraction at room temperature. The two nine coordinated Dy(III are bound to three macromolecules ligand through the phenolic oxygens of the p-chlorophenol moieties, the nitrogen atoms and the carbonyl functions of the hydrazonic moieties. The phenolic oxygen atoms of the 2-hydroxybenzoyl groups are not bonded to the metal ions. In the bases of the coordination polyhedra the six Dy-N bonds are in the range 2.563(13-2.656(13 Å and the twelve Dy-O bonds are in the range 2.281(10-2.406(10 Å.

Biodiversity on mire ecosystems and drained peatlands - a basis for environmental peat harvesting; Biologisk maangfald paa myrar och dikad torvmark - underlag foer ett miljoemaessigt torvbruk

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stedingk, Henrik von (Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Uppsala (Sweden))

2009-07-01

The interest of peat harvesting has increased, due to the political ambition to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to increase the use of local energy sources. Peatlands drained for forestry, a common resource in Sweden, can be a good energy source in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, under certain conditions. The question is what consequences increased peat harvesting would have on biodiversity in the forest landscape. To answer this question this literature study was performed to summarize what is known about the life of a natural and drained mire, and to discuss what conservation values could be found on a drained peatland. The definition of mire is a wetland with active peat accumulation, even if mires also are distinguished based on specific plant communities. A mire often contains several mire types. Some mire taxa are specialized for living on mires, other organisms have other main habitats but utilize the mire for fulfilling their life cycle. The level of knowledge varies for different organisms. The best known groups are vascular plants and bryophytes. They are also used for classifying mires since their abundance is related to gradients of pH, fertility and water level. Arthropods is a diverse group on mires favored by open moist forests and water pools. Poor mires with restricted flora may be good insect habitats. Birds are found in habitats rich in insects. Large mires are richer in wader species thanks to higher heterogeneity and a variety of insect habitats. The microscopic life in peat is rich and the species composition differs from the forest soil, even if the level of knowledge is limited. Drainage leads to species turn over for many groups of organisms and drainage often leads to a decrease in diversity. However, drained peatlands is a collective concept including different peatland types in different succession phases and different intensity of drainage. Therefore in general, drained peatlands cannot be treated as less important for biodiversity than not drained peatlands. The plant succession following drainage leads to denser vegetation and dominance of forest plants. Often drainage is followed by forestry, leading to even lower nature conservation values. Conservation values on drained peatlands are rarely studied. Potential environments for nature conservation in drained peatlands are: 1) Areas with little drainage influence and preserved mire function. 2) Late forest successions after drainage with deciduous trees and dead wood. 3) Open pine forest or swamp forest that act as refugia for old growth lichens and wood fungi. 4) Pools and stream like older ditches with running water. An inventory focused on conservation values on drained peatlands is recommended. Peat harvesting causes ecosystem shift and species living on the mire disappear. An estimation of biodiversity effects from peat harvesting must include the lost mire, time of exploitation, as well as the after-treatment. A longer time perspective is therefore required when evaluating consequences of peat harvesting. The development of a broader spectra of after-treatment involving biodiversity is essential, as well as a system that guarantees a long term perspective in after-treatment for biodiversity. Methods for evaluating effects on the landscape level from increased peat harvesting are required. Increased peat harvesting on drained peatlands could be in convergence with the Swedish environmental goals, if choice of site and after-treatment is based on landscape analysis focusing on biodiversity

Characterization of solid heterogeneous waste fuel - the effect of sampling and preparation method; Karaktaerisering av fasta inhomogena avfallsbraenslen - inverkan av metoder foer provtagning och provberedning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wikstroem-Blomqvist, Evalena; Franke, Jolanta; Johansson, Ingvar

2007-12-15

The aim of the project is to evaluate the possibilities to simplify the methods used during sampling and laboratory preparation of heterogeneous waste materials. Existing methods for solid fuel material is summarized and evaluated in the project. As a result of the project two new simplified methods, one for field sampling and one for laboratory preparation work has been suggested. One large challenge regarding waste sampling is to achieve a representative sample due to the considerable heterogeneity of the material. How do you perform a sampling campaign that will give rise to representative results without too large costs? The single largest important source of error is the sampling procedure, equivalent to about 80% of the total error. Meanwhile the sample reduction and laboratory work only represents 15 % and 5 % respectively. Thus, to minimize the total error it is very important that the sampling is well planned in a testing program. In the end a very small analytical sample (1 gram) should reflected a large heterogeneous sample population of 1000 of tons. In this project two sampling campaigns, the fall of 2006 and early winter 2007, were conducted at the waste power plant Renova in Gothenburg, Sweden. The first campaign consisted of three different sample sizes with different number of sub-samples. One reference sample (50 tons and 48 sub-samples), two samples consisting of 16 tons and 8 sub-samples and finally two 4 tons consisting of 2 sub-samples each. During the second sampling campaign, four additional 4 ton samples were taken to repeat and thus evaluate the simplified sampling method. This project concludes that the simplified sampling methods only consisting of two sub-samples and a total sample volume of 4 tons give rise to results with as good quality and precision is the more complicated methods tested. Moreover the results from the two sampling campaigns generated equivalent results. The preparation methods used in the laboratory can as well be simplified, especially by effective sample and particle size reduction through gradually grinding processes. Consequently, the plant owner can reduced their cost for each sampling campaign by using the simplified methods described in this project. A finding that either can be used to lower the cost for waste sampling or to increase the number of samples and sampling frequency which will increase the plant owners knowledge about the waste composition, properties and qualities. Increased quality and an even quality of the waste mixture has an large impact on the life cycle cost of the plant since it's affect the accessibility as well as the cost of maintenance.

Better and more efficient collaboration for increased use of field fuel in heating plants; Baettre och effektivare samverkan foer oekad anvaendning av aakerbraenslen i vaermeverken

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arkeloev, Olof (Agrovaest, Skara (Sweden)); Hellstroem, Chris; Hollsten, Ronnie (KanEnergi Sweden AB, Skara (Sweden)); Lindh, Carina (LRF Konsult, Skara (Sweden))

2010-05-15

Despite that the potential for field fuels in SW Sweden is great and that the combustion characteristics of fuels are known, the interest for field fuels has been low from farmers and heating plants. The purpose of the project is to identify why the introduction of field fuel into heating plants is going so slow and to suggest possible solutions. Field fuel is missing the general structure and tradition that is found in forest fuels in terms of harvesting, processing, logistics and business models. The overall long-term objective is a better and more effective cooperation between heating plants, farmers and logistic companies for the increased use of field fuels in heating plants. The potential for field fuel in the area is great but won't be sufficient to cover the need. The raw materials that exist today and are deemed will be relevant in the future are willow, straw and grain kernel. We have divided the heating plants into two groups; Small plants with a furnace less than 35 MW, and large plants with an effect over 35 MW. Common to both small and large heating plants is that there must be a willingness to receive and combust field fuels for the share of field fuels to increase. For the small heating plants to be able to receive and combust field fuels the knowledge of the combustion properties of these fuels must increase. Larger heating plants have better opportunities to use field fuels in their boilers when it comes to the technology and the know how. They have a more controlled handling and receiving of fuels. It is not uncommon that storing and blending of fuels will take place at their own facility. They also have more experience of handling a larger number of suppliers at the same time. The heating plants would like to see standardization in terms of fuel characteristics, and they prefer to obtain approximately the same burning performance regardless of delivery date. Today, the small heating plants do not have the routines to manage multiple small fuel suppliers. To increase the amount of field fuels in the small heating plants the farmers need to collaborate in small supplier groups and deliver a pre-mixed fuel with consistent quality. For this to work the heating plants need to find an effective method of quality assurance at the reception of the fuel and the supplier group needs to develop an internal quality assurance and billing system. The larger heating plants, over 35 MW, large fuel requirement means that the fuel shipments should be coordinated to minimize storage time and disruption of traffic to and from the facility. With a functioning transport system, where several farmers join forces to increase the delivery volume, and ensure the quality, the ability to be a reliable fuel supplier is increased. For a local market of field fuels to arise it requires that the local heating plant initiate by demanding different types of field fuel. Increased use of field fuels is also stimulated by greater integration in the value chain in order to obtain a more optimal allocation of value creation and to meet the demands of volume, quality and security of supply, which is required. The studies and analysis show that the development would be facilitated if: - Farmers integrate horizontally to bring up the volumes and better supply security. This also creates better conditions for rational harvesting and handling of fuels (chipping, storage, drying, mixing, etc.) through for example small fuel terminals and the control and management of the quality of the fuel. - Farmers integrate vertically by operating and/or owning small heating plants (up to a couple of MW) specially adapted for field fuels. - Horizontal integration or interaction between heating plants can be used for fuel purchase and coordination, where field fuels can be mixed with other fuels on the basis of individual requirements and possibilities. - Heating plants are working together on fuel supply, quality, technology and business models. - Heating plants and farmers can work jointly with logistics and quality issues

Pre-treatment of waste fuel with low-speed shredding and screening for fluidized bed incineration; Foerbehandling av avfallsbraensle foer fluidbaeddpannor med laangsamtgaaende valskross och saekerhetssiktning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hermansson, Sven; Victoren, Anders; Niklasson, Fredrik; Jones, Frida

2013-09-01

In FB combustion of waste, an important cost factor is the pre-treatment of the waste fuel. The most common method of final levigation of the waste fuel is using hammer mills, which crushes the fuel with high force and high rotational speed. The advantage of the powerful hammer mill is, however, also a disadvantage. The fraction of fines becomes large, and the method is experienced to cause high maintenance costs and problems with accidental fires. A plausible alternative to the hammer mill is the shredder. The rotational speed of the shreeder is lower, while it cutting and slicing the waste fuel instead of grinding it. The shredder is, therefore, expected to yield less wear and tear, lower electricity consumption and less accidental fires. On the other hand, the shreeder may yield a higher fraction of oversized fuel particles, which could cause problems in the combustion, especially in smaller FB-plants with one single fuel supply conveyor. In this project, the framing of question has been if low-speed shredding in combination with screening of over sizes fuel particles, may function for smaller FB plants with one single fuel supplying conveyor. The aim of the project has been to support FB plant owners and manufacturers for independent comparision of the different fuel pre-treatment methods, via pre-treatment and combustions trials and economical comparisons. The concept of lowspeed shreddning and screening has been compared economically with a traditional hammer mill system and a shredding system designed for a larger FB plant. Moreover, combustion trials have been carried out with shredded and screened fuel, and hammer milled fuel, in two smaller parallel FB furnaces with one single fuel supplying conveyor per furnace. The fuels were analysed for particle size distribution and composition, and the operation during the combustion trial was evaluated. The economical evaluation of the new pre-treatment concept, with lowspeed shredding and screening, yielded an approximate cost of 104-118 SEK/tonne (12-14 /tonne) treated waste, which is the same as for the larger FB plant shredder system. The cost for the hammer mill system was determined to 155-185 SEK/tonne (18-22 /tonne) treated waste. The higher cost for the hammer mill system rely on the estimated higher maintenance and electricity consumption costs. The analysis of the particle size distribution of the fuel treated with lowspeed shredding and screening shows that the fuel satisfy the demands stipu-lated for combustion in smaller FB furnaces. Furthermore, the combustion trials show no obvious differences in operation quality, compared to the normal hammer milled fuel; no significant differences in level or stability in power, bed temperature or emission levels could be found. Nor was the frequency of spikes of CO of NO{sub x} increased, nor the frequency of violation of the stipulated 24-hrs, halv-hour, or ten-minute stipulated emission limits increased. In summary, the study gives initial support for the thesis that shedding and screening is just as feasible for fuel pre-treatment in smaller FB furnaces with one single fuel supply conveyor as traditional hammer milling systems. Furthermore, it is cheaper. Lowspeed shreddning should, therefore, be concidered as pre-treatment method for both larger as well as smaller FB incineration plants. Beyond the parameters that have been investigated within the scope of this project, availability and safety are important factors that speek for lowspeed shedders. However, these are questions that have to be further investigated.

Construction of a flexible pilot dryer for products such as biofuels and iron ore pellets; Uppbyggnad av flexibel pilottork foer produkter som biobraenslen och jaernmalmspellets

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Karlsson, Erik; Truedsson, Ida; Stenstroem, Stig

2009-02-15

Drying of different products is an operation that requires large amounts of energy in Sweden, a compilation from 2006 indicates a total use of over 32 TWh of thermal energy. A more energy efficient drying process can thus result in significant savings of energy for this process. The interest to use biofuels for heating purposes increases with increasing energy prices and thus also the interest to dewater and dry these products. Often an excess of low-value heat (flue gases, warm water etc.) is available and it would be desirable to use these streams for drying of different products. The goal in this project has been to carry out two subtasks: A Rebuild and modernise the old pilot dryer at the department so that it can be used for studies of drying kinetics for different products in a bed or as separate particles. B Perform a number of drying experiments with two representative bio-fuels which can be used for evaluation of different proposals for drying of these products. The results will mainly be of interest for companies handling biofuels in the forestry sector, for LKAB producing iron ore pellets and for manufacturers of industrial dryers. The constructed pilot dryer can be used for studies of drying kinetics of different types of products such as bark, wood chips, materials in the form of pellets such as iron ore pellets or wood pellets and foods. If the drying cell is designed so that fine particulate materials are not entrained with the gas flow, products such as municipal or industrial sludges can also be handled in the dryer. The results indicate specific energy use figures of between 2500 and 3000 kJ/kg evaporated water, both for different fractions of bark and independently if the origin of the bark was Vaeroe or Iggesund. The drying time to reach a dry matter content of 60 % for a bed with a thickness of 20 cm and an air velocity of 1 m/s is about 5000 seconds at an air temperature of 50 deg C. It increases to 15000 seconds to reach a dry matter content of 90 %. If the air temperature is increased to 100 deg C the drying time is reduced to 1800 seconds to reach a dry matter content of 60 %. The shrinkage of the bark at different dry matter contents and drying of bark particles smaller than 2 mm are two topics which should be considered in future projects. Also it would be desirable to equip the pilot dryer with instruments so that emissions of volatile organic components such as terpenes can be measured

Environmental data book 2011. Estimated emission factors for fuels, electricity, heat and transport in Sweden; Miljoefaktaboken 2011. Uppskattade emissionsfaktorer foer braenslen, el, vaerme och transporter

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gode, Jenny; Martinsson, Fredrik; Hagberg, Linus; Oeman, Andreas; Hoeglund, Jonas; Palm, David

2011-04-15

The environmental data book summarizes current and general emission factors for most fuels and sources of Swedish electricity and heat and to power vehicles. Emission data are compiled for wood fuels, energy crops, bio-oils, waste fuels, fossil fuels and peat, biofuels, wind power, hydro power, nuclear power and solar power

Analysis of consequences of different incentives and tax-models for the Swedish energy system; Konsekvensanalyser av olika framtida styrmedels- och skattemodeller foer det svenska energisystemet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2003-03-01

Six different incentives and tax scenarios were used to study the short range (2004) and long range (2010) effects on the Swedish energy system. The competitive effects for Biofuels, Natural gas, District heating and Electric space heating analyzed. Four of the six models come from governmental enquiries that have not yet been published, the other two are the actual situation year 2002 and year 2003. A defined set of suppositions of the fuel prices were used for all scenarios: Wood chips: 145 SEK/MWh, Biofuel pellets: 225 SEK/MWh, Natural gas: 160 SEK/MWh, Light/heavy fuel oil: 170/145 SEK/MWh, Electricity: 230 SEK/MWh (1 USD {approx} 8 SEK). In a sensitivity analysis, variations on the prices were analyzed, together with variations in the price of electricity certificates and CO2 emissions. For all scenarios, biofuels are dominating the district heating and cogeneration sectors. It is uncertain if, under the scenarios studied, any of the three branches prepared for expansion: Biofuels, Natural gas and District heating will have a dramatic growth. However, there seem to be room for a moderate growth of all three sectors.

The significance of the golden eagles domestic areas, the habitat and movements for wind power establishment; Betydelsen av kungsoernars hemomraaden, biotopval och roerelser foer vindkraftsetablering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hipkiss, Tim; Dettki, Holger; Moss, Edward; Hoernfeldt, Birger [Inst. foer vilt, fisk och miljoe, Sveriges lantbruksuniv., Uppsala (Sweden); Ecke, Frauke [Inst. foer vilt, fisk och miljoe, Sveriges Lantbruksuniv., Uppsala (Sweden); Inst. foer vatten och miljoe, Sveriges Lantbruksuniv., Uppsala (Sweden); Sandgren, Carolin [Inst. foer vilt, fisk och miljoe, Sveriges Lantbruksuniv., Uppsala (Sweden); Naturvaardsenheten, Laensstyrelsen i Jaemtlands laen, Oestersund (Sweden)

2013-10-15

There is a need for developing methods for reliable environmental impact assessment of wind farms in Sweden, and to facilitate the establishment of 'eagle friendly' wind farms. During 2010 and 2011 a total of 43 adult and juvenile golden eagles in northern Sweden were marked with GPS transmitters, to provide information on the species home range, habitat selection and ranging behaviour. These transmitters have so far provided more than 100 000 valid GPS positions. Individual eagles fitted with the most effective type of transmitter provided on average more than 2,000 positions during the 2012 breeding season. The home ranges of adult golden eagles covered an average area of over 200 km{sup 2} during the breeding season, although there was considerable variation among eagles. Fledged juvenile eagles used a smaller area within their parents home range, until they left their natal area and their parents in October. Within their home ranges juvenile and adult eagles showed a particular preference for clear cuts, but also for coniferous forest on lichen-dominated bedrock, while dense, young forest and mires were avoided. Steep slopes were preferred over flatter areas. Adult golden eagles occasionally undertook long-distance movements during both summer and winter. Juveniles migrated south and spent their first winter in southern and central Sweden, and migrated north the following spring to the Scandinavian mountain region. The results in this report are largely based on one breeding season, and should thus be treated with some degree of caution. However, this also highlights the need for the project to continue, so that incoming transmitter data can continue to be processed and analysed, and that annual variation can be assessed. Nevertheless, we do not suspect that the results for e.g. habitat selection are in any way unusual, since they generally agree with what is known from other parts of the world, that golden eagles require open habitats for hunting and therefore avoid dense, impenetrable habitats.

Harvest and logistics for better profitability from small cultivations of Short Rotation Willow Coppice; Skoerdeteknik och logistik foer baettre loensamhet fraan smaa odlingar av Salix

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baky, Andras; Forsberg, Maya; Rosenqvist, Haakan; Jonsson, Nils; Sundberg, Martin

2010-06-15

In Sweden, the political desire to increase the amount of short rotation willow coppice (Salix) plantations has been expressed. However, for various reasons interest from farmers has been low. The hypothesis of this study is that the total area of Salix cultivation can be increased by also cultivating fields smaller than those generally considered economic today. In order to lower production costs, machine systems adapted for harvest of smaller fields are required. The possibility of using farmers' existing tractors and more convenient machines, as well as achieving lower machine costs for smaller fields, may increase farmers' interest. The long-term objective is to achieve large-scale deliveries of willow with small-scale solutions at farm level, as an option and complement to today's more large-scale systems for harvesting willow. Costs, energy use and climatic impact (CO{sub 2} emissions) for two harvest and logistical chains suitable for small fields have been calculated from field to energy plant, and methods for minimizing these costs have been analyzed. Comparison is made with the direct chipping system, the most commonly used in Sweden today. The systems studied comprised: 1. Direct bundling harvest system with a tractor-towed harvester, collection of bundles in the field with a trailer-mounted crane, and storage in a pile before delivery. Chipping is performed at the energy plant. 2. Direct billeting with a tractor-towed harvester accompanied simultaneously by a tractor and trailer for collection, and storage in a pile before delivery. 3. Direct chipping with a self-propelled modified forage harvester accompanied simultaneously by a tractor and container for collection, and direct delivery to plant. Both the billet and bundle systems show higher costs than the direct chipping system, irrespective of field size. The analysis of different scenarios and conditions shows possibilities of lowering the costs through certain measures. Furthermore, the billets and bundles can be stored for longer periods at field's edge, unlike chips, which facilitates increased security of supply according to the needs of energy plants. This can motivate a higher payment from the plant. The drying process taking place during storage, delivers a dryer fuel, which may give added value for some customers. Hence, the choice of machine system seems to be more dependent on whether the product needs to be stored or not, rather than on field size. In addition, there are other possible advantages with the two systems that should be taken into account when comparing with the currently-used direct chipping system, such as the possibility of increased rural employment or characteristics that suit smaller fields better. An example of the latter is the fact that harvest and delivery does not need to take place at the same time, i.e. extra costs for disruptions in harvest or delivery are avoided. The most important measure for reducing total system costs for the studied billet system is to increase the harvesters' capacity. For the studied bundle system costs for field- and road transport need to be reduced. These costs can be reduced by using a more efficient system for collection of bundles in the field and by utilizing a lorry's load capacity better during transport to the plant. One way of increasing utilisation of the load capacity is to increase the density of the bundles. However this requires a new or modified construction of the harvesting machine and more knowledge of how the drying process of the bundles is affected by this

Excess Molar Volumes and Viscosities for Binary Mixtures of 1-Alkoxypropan-2-ols with 1-Butanol,and 2-Butanol at 298.15 K and Atmospheric Pressure

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

PAL Amalendu; GABA Rekha

2007-01-01

Excess molar volumes VEm and kinematic viscosities v have been measured as a function of composition for binary mixtures of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (1-methoxy-2-propanol),MeOCH2CH(OH)Me,propylene glycol monoethyl ether (1-ethoxy-2-propanol), EtOCH2CH(OH)Me,propylene glycol monopropyl ether (1-propoxy-2-propanol), PrOCH2CH(OH)Me, propylene glycol monobutyl ether (1-butoxy-2-propanol),BuOCH2CH(OH)Me,and propylene glycol tert-butyl ether (1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol),t-BuOCH2CH(OH)Me with 1-butanol,and 2-butanol,at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure.The excess molar volumes are negative across the entire range of composition for all the systems with 1-butanol,and positive for the systems 2-butanol+1-methoxy-2-propanol,and +1-propoxy-2-propanol,negative for the systems 2-butanol+1-butoxy-2-propanol,and change sign for the systems 2-butanol+1-ethoxy-2-propanol,and +1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol.From the experimental data,the deviation in dynamic viscosity η from Σxiηi has been calculated.Both excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations have been correlated using a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation by the method of least-squares for the estimation of the binary coefficients and the standard errors.

Synthesis, antityrosinase activity of curcumin analogues, and crystal structure of (1E,4E)-1,5-bis(4-ethoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chantrapromma, S., E-mail: suchada.c@psu.ac.th; Ruanwas, P. [Prince of Songkla University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Thailand); Boonnak, N. [Thaksin University, Department of Basic Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science (Thailand); Chantrapromma, K. [Hatyai University, Faculty of Science and Technology (Thailand); Fun, H.-K. [Universiti Sains Malaysia, X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics (Malaysia)

2016-12-15

Five derivatives of curcumin analogue (R = OCH{sub 2}CH{sub 3} (1), R = N(CH{sub 3}){sub 2} (2), R = 2,4,5-OCH{sub 3} (3), R = 2,4,6-OCH{sub 3} (4), and R = 3,4,5-OCH{sub 3} (5)) were synthesized and characterized by {sup 1}H NMR, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The synthesized derivatives were screened for antityrosinase activity, and found that 4 and 5 possess such activity. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction: monoclinic, sp. gr. P2{sub 1}/c, a = 17.5728(15) Å, b = 5.9121(5) Å, c = 19.8269(13) Å, β = 121.155(5)°, Z = 4. The molecule 1 is twisted with the dihedral angle between two phenyl rings being 15.68(10)°. In the crystal packing, the molecules 1 are linked into chains by C−H···π interactions and further stacked by π···π interactions with the centroid–centroid distance of 3.9311(13) Å.

Läckage av koppar från båtbottnar i sötvatten

OpenAIRE

Gretzén, Fanny

2016-01-01

Båtbottenfärger, eller antifoulingfärger, används för att motverka påväxt i form avexempelvis havstulpaner och alger på båtskrov. Färgerna kan antingen ha en kemisk,biologisk, fysikalisk eller mekanisk verkan på de vattenlevande organismerna. De kemisktverkande biocidfärgerna räknas som bekämpningsmedel och måste godkännas av Kemikalieinspektionen innan de får säljas och användas i Sverige. På grund av den lågasalthalten i Mälaren är problemet med påväxt mindre än på exempelvis Västkusten, oc...

Gemensam modell för professionella : E-klubb för närståendevårdare till personer med Multipel Skleros

OpenAIRE

Ekholm, Johanna; Lukkari, Noora; Nordberg, Marie; Parviainen, Jolanda

2017-01-01

Detta examensarbete är en del av ett projekt som Yrkeshögskolan Novia inledde redan våren 2016. Syftet med arbetet är främja hälsa och välbefinnande samt stöda och stärka närståendevårdarens egna resurser. Målet med arbetet är att skapa en gemensam modell för en e-klubb som skall användas av professionella. Grunden för arbetet har varit tjänstedesign och litteraturöversikt. Arbetet är uppdelat i två delar: en gemensam modell för uppbyggandet av en e klubb samt en målgruppsspecifik del. Den...

Hälsosamt Ledarskap

OpenAIRE

Rydin, Jonas; Nygren, Johanna

2006-01-01

I Sverige har antalet stressrelaterade sjukskrivningar ökat dramatiskt de sista åren. Det är viktigt att företagsledningen tar detta på allvar och arbetar för att förebygga stress. Det är också av vikt att ledningen lyckas sprida kunskapen om detta till alla medarbetare så att ett samarbete uppstår och alla arbetar mot samma mål. Syftet med projektet är att analysera företags möjligheter att påverka hälsoläget i samhället. Vi kommer att studera hur tre olika stora företag, och då framför allt...

Gruesome Gaming : En studie i marknadsföring på sociala medier

OpenAIRE

Håkansson, Ingela; Bergqvist, Simon

2013-01-01

Vi har valt att titta på hur E-sportmarknaden använder sig av sociala medier för att sprida sig ut bland medierna och nå befintliga och framtida användare. E-sport är ett begrepp som innefattar all typ av elektronisk sport. Dota2 och Starcraft 2 är två exempel på spel där E-sport är ett vinnande koncept. Vi har valt att skapa föreningen, Gruesome Gaming som ligger till grund för uppgiften för att kunna ta reda på hur de sociala medierna fungerar i marknadsföringssyfte. Människors beteende på ...

Kontrolsport

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Ask Vest

2009-01-01

http://www.idrottsforum.org/features/chrask/chrask090923.html  Svensk intro: Kampen mot dopning inom idrotten har trappats upp betydligt på senare tid. Statistik från World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) pekar i och för sig i en annan riktning; i kvantitativa mått mätt tycks antalet tester ha minskat...... substanser, och i samma område verkar de stora idrottsorganisationerna. Och de senare uppvisar en ibland närmast fanatisk hållning; följande citat av Lamine Diack, president i Internationella friidrottsförbundet är belysande: ”The IAAF will use every method available to it in the next 5 months to chase down...

EU:s nya varumärkesdefinition : En utredning av vad borttagandet av kravet på grafisk återgivning kommer att innebära för möjligheten att registrera okonventionella varumärken

OpenAIRE

Fredriksson, Mathilda; Petersson, Frida

2017-01-01

Sedan det första steget togs mot en harmoniserad varumärkesrätt inom EU har grafisk återgivning varit ett krav vid registrering av varumärken, men kravet på grafisk återgivning försvinner i och med EU:s nya varumärkesreform. Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa och utreda vad detta kommer att innebära för möjligheten att registrera okonventionella varumärken. Utredningen är inriktad på följande okonventionella varumärken: doftmärken, smakmärken, ljudmärken, känselmärken, rörelsemärken och h...

Minimering av momentförluster i en hypoidväxel

OpenAIRE

Eriksson, Claes

2011-01-01

Syftet med detta projektarbete var att minska energiförlusterna i Getrag All Wheel Drives hypoidväxlar (se kapitel 7.2.3). Uppdraget bestod främst av att minska förlusterna när systemet endast driver på två hjul och de övriga hjulparen endast överför låga kraftmoment, detta förhållande benämns draggmoment. För att kunna utvärdera och peka på förbättringsområden var första steget i arbetet att lokalisera och värdera enskilda komponenter som tillförde förluster. De ingående komponenter som stud...

Jammets Topologi : Från Jam Session till South Park

OpenAIRE

Nygren, Johan; Masth, Kalle

2015-01-01

I denna uppsats undersöker vi Game/Media Jam, Hackathon och liknande koncept och försökerskapa en metod för att ta fram en modell för deras topologi. Vi ämnar att undersöka degemensamma punkterna Jams och Hackathons har via deras regler, samt jämföra detta med JamSessions. Vidare kommer vi försöka identifiera reglernas syften. Dessa syften sätter vi i entopologiskt mätbar intervall som sedan kan överföras på den topologisk modellen. Sedan användsdessa resultat för att jämföra regelrätta Jams/...

Aksel Mark: kõik algaski Otsal / Enn Nõu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Nõu, Enn, 1933-

2012-01-01

Arvustus: Mark Beijer, Mai. Landkänning : Brevväxling mellan Anu och Aksel Mark under deras första år som flyktingar från Estland 1944-45. Stockholm : Bokverksta´n Förlag, 2008; Allt började på Otsa : minnen från min barndom och skoláren. Stockholm : Beijer Bok & Skog, 2011

Kõik algaski Otsal / Enn Nõu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Nõu, Enn, 1933-

2012-01-01

Arvustus: Aksel, Anu. Landkänning : brevväxling mellan Anu och Aksel Mark under deras första år som flyktingar från Estland 1944-1945. Stockholm : Bokverksta, 2008 ; Mark, Aksel. Allt började på Otsa : minnen från min barndom och skolåren. Stockholm : Beijer bok & skog, 2011

Coleção e memória em "Uma vida iluminada", de Liev Schreiber

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Maia

2015-11-01

Full Text Available O filme Uma vida iluminada (2005, com roteiro e direção de Liev Schreiber, baseado no romance Tudo se ilumina, de Jonathan Safran Foer, narra a história de um jovem judeu norte-americano que viaja para a Ucrânia em busca de seu passado. A coleção para o protagonista do filme e para a mulher que ele encontra em Trachimbrod, sobrevivente de um massacre que destruiu toda a sua família, é de fundamental importância. Ambos os personagens reúnem objetos como forma de lutar contra a dispersão e o esquecimento, assim como argumentou Walter Benjamin sobre o colecionador. Em Uma vida iluminada, essa luta está intrinsecamente ligada à memória judaica, constantemente ameaçada por regimes totalitários.

Korean district heating. Part 1: A general report on Korean district heating 1994/1995; Fjaerrvaerme i Korea. Del 1: En allmaen redovisning av koreansk fjaerrvaerme aarsskiftet 1994/95

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joensson, Mats; Olsson, Nils

1996-02-01

This thesis describes the conditions for district heating in the Republic of Korea at the turn of the year 1994-95. It is based on a study made in Seoul at Korea District Heating Corporation, which is the largest district heating utility in Korea. The substations were particularly studied. District heating was introduced in Korea in the 80s because of the environmental advantages. KHDC was established in 1985 and in 1994 they provided 340 000 households with district heating. By the year of 2001 KDHC plans to supply 45% of the heating in Seoul with its 12 million inhabitants. KDHC receives most of its thermal energy from combined heat and power plants that use natural gas as fuel. In 1991 KDHC initiated a collaboration with Ekono of Finland to develop more advanced technology in Korea. Therefore the Finnish standard, which is similar to Swedish standard, has left it`s mark on the Korean district heating technology. Typical for the Korean substation is that the heat exchangers are connected in parallel in only one step. KDHC:s expansion will, within a couple of years, help to make Korea one of the leading countries in modern district heating. 9 refs, 3 figs, 2 tabs

PCB and Dioxin content of Swedish waste fuels; PCB- och dioxininnehaall i svenska avfallsbraenslen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blomqvist, Evalena (Swedish National Testing and Research Inst., Boraas (Sweden)) (and others)

2009-06-15

Reported dioxin data in the literature presents a rather large variation, 1-255 ng I-TEQ/kg, among different municipal solid waste (MSW) mixture samples taken within different countries. However the variation is not only large between different countries, a significant variation is reported within each study as well. Results that shows the importance of using reliable and representative sampling methods. The majority of the reported dioxin levels is within 4 to 45 ng I-TEQ/kg waste. In some of the reported studies the dioxin content has as well been analysed in sources-sorted fractions. The majority, 90-95%, of the detected dioxins were found in the fraction consisting of textiles and leather. This study aims to analyse the amount and variations, of the toxic dioxin and PCB congeners within a typical MSW mixture in Sweden, before it is energy recovered in a waste incineration plant. The study includes 20 samples, taken from two different plants in Sweden i.e. Renova and Boraas Energi och Miljoe, during 2007/2008. A well evaluated sampling method were used at both plants to achieve representative samples. Each sampling campaign resulted in a 30 kg sample that was transported in sealed containers to a laboratory. The heat value and a complete determination of the elementary content was analysed as well as the levels of toxic dioxins and PCBs in all samples. All results, both organic and inorganic, were rather similar between the two incineration plants. The resemblance within the results is an outcome of that good and representative sampling method has been used during the sampling campaigns. The average value (+/- standard deviation) of all 20 samples is 29 +/-15 ng I-TEQ per kilo of dry MSW. An average value which is within the lower range of the previous reported levels in the literature. The lower dioxin content within Swedish MSW mixtures is most likely due to the relative well-controlled waste management and sorting system in Sweden. The majority of the

Multivariate clustering of reindeer herding districts in Sweden according to range prerequisites for reindeer husbandry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henrik Lundqvist

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The 51 reindeer herding districts in Sweden vary in productivity and prerequisites for reindeer herding. In this study we characterize and group reindeer herding districts based on relevant factors affecting reindeer productivity, i.e. topography, vegetation, forage value, habitat fragmentation and reachability, as well as season lengths, snow fall, ice-crust probability, and insect harassment, totally quantified in 15 variables. The herding districts were grouped into seven main groups and three single outliers through cluster analyses. The largest group, consisting of 14 herding districts, was further divided into four subgroups. The range properties of herding districts and groups of districts were characterized through principal component analyses. By comparisons of the suggested grouping of herding districts with existing administrative divisions, these appeared not to coincide. A new division of herding districts into six administrative sets of districts was suggested in order to improve administrative planning and management of the reindeer herding industry. The results also give possibilities for projections of alterations caused by an upcoming global climate change. Large scale investigations using geographical information systems (GIS and meteorological data would be helpful for administrative purposes, both nationally and internationally, as science-based decision tools in legislative, economical, ecological and structural assessments. Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: Multivariat gruppering av svenska samebyar baserat på renbetesmarkernas grundförutsettningar Svenska renskötselområdet består av 51 samebyar som varierar i produktivitet och förutsättningar för renskötsel. Vi analyserade variationen mellan samebyar med avseende på 15 variabler som beskriver topografi, vegetation, betesvärde, fragmentering av betesmarker, klimat, skareförekomst och aktivitet av parasiterande insekter och vi föreslår en indelning av

System Integration Testing ofAdvanced Driver Assistance Systems

OpenAIRE

Cioran, Anders

2015-01-01

En viktig faktor for att fortsatta forbattra traksakerheten ar genom att utveckla ochimplementera avancerade forarstodsfunktioner (ADAS) i fordon. Gemensamma aspekterhos de undersokta ADAS ar deras formagor att detektera och undvika farliga traksituationergenom att nyttja sensordata och fordonstillstand for att kontrollera fordonetsforyttning. Nya testmetoder maste overvagas eftersom nyutvecklade ADAS ar mer komplexaoch sakerhetskritiska. Detta arbete undersoker hur man kan testa nya ADAS fra...

Helhetsorienterad utvärdering av kollektivtrafikåtgärder

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hiselius, Lena Winslott; Barfod, Michael Bruhn; Leleur, Steen

Under hösten 2008 och våren 2009 har forskare vid Avd. Trafik och väg vid Lunds Tekniska Högskola, DTU Transport vid Danmarks Tekniska Universitet samt National-ekonomiska institutionen vid Lunds Universitet genomfört ett forskningsprojekt med syfte att studera tillämpningen av en sammansatt...... (helhetsorienterad) analys av kollektiv-trafikåtgärder....

Percutaneous Endoscopic Management for Oriental Cholangiohepatitis: A Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Khalil Aloreidi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Oriental cholangiohepatitis (OCH is a disease characterized by intrabiliary pigment stone formation, resulting in recurrent bouts of cholangitis. OCH is found mostly in Southeast Asia but it is occasionally recognized in Western societies. OCH etiology is largely unknown. We report our experience with a patient who presented with acute cholecystitis. Following laparoscopic cholecystectomy, she developed acute cholangitis due to multiple biliary tree stones. She underwent ERCP to clear the stones from common bile duct. For the intrahepatic stones, she underwent novel hybrid percutaneous endoscopic technique. The procedure resulted in complete clearance of biliary tree stones and resolution of her symptoms. The aim of this case is to increase awareness of this disease when patients from endemic areas present with biliary stones.

Matfesten i Vasa : En undersökning om kundnöjdhet

OpenAIRE

Åkerholm, Marika

2011-01-01

Matkultur har blivit en stor trend under de senaste åren och människor har i allt större grad börjat intressera sig för ekologisk mat, matlagning och matkultur både från det egna landet men också från resten av världen. Företagshuset Dynamo Ab arrangerade år 2010 för första gången Matfesten i Österbotten och mitt syfte med det här lärdomsprovet är att ta reda på hur pass nöjda besökarna har varit med servicekvaliteten på Matfesten samt vad de tycker om projektet som helhet. Teoridelen innehål...

Sällskapsdjurens betydelse för de äldres välbefinnande

OpenAIRE

Gäddnäs, Emma

2016-01-01

Denna studie undersöker sällskapsdjurens betydelse för de äldres välbefinnande. Syftet med studien är att diskutera vad sällskapsdjur betyder för de äldres välbefinnande och vad djur kan betyda för de äldre som bor på äldreboende. Frågeställningarna i studien lyder ”Vilken betydelse har sällskapsdjur för de äldres välbefinnande och deras känsla av delaktighet?” och ”Vilken betydelse har sällskapsdjur inom äldreomsorgen?” Metoden som används för att svara på frågeställningarna är både tidigare...

Kognitiv intervjumetodik

OpenAIRE

Rautio, Malin; Söderström, Josefin

2008-01-01

1992 presenterade två tyska psykologer, Fischer och Gieselman den kognitiva intervjumetodiken för världen, med anledning av att flera kvinnor blivit våldtagna men förhörsledarna ej haft förmågan att återkalla den rätta minnesbilden hos dem som kunnat leda till en fällande dom. Denna teknik har en förmåga att ta fram minnen av obehagliga händelser som skett både för ett långt tag sedan och mer närliggande. Metoden bygger på ett återskapande av människans minnesbild och är därför ultimat att ti...

Mumin : Varumärkets image vs varumärkets personlighet

OpenAIRE

Sandell, Saara

2015-01-01

Undersökningen gjordes för att jämföra vad de som följer Mumin på sociala medier och via e-post anser att Mumin som varumärke står för jämfört med vad All Things Commerce och Moomin Characters vill att det ska stå för. För att få en bild på hur varumärkets personlighet uppfattas. Som modell för undersökningen användes Jennifer Aakers modell för varumärkets personlighet. Metoden som användes var en webbenkät som lades ut via sociala medier och via e-post. Sammanlagt blev det en population på k...

Norges Landsprofil : – En guide för privatpersoner

OpenAIRE

Högnabba, Linda-Mari; Nabb, Johan

2010-01-01

Norge är ett mycket attraktiv land för den arbetssökande som vill pröva på något nytt och få arbetserfarenhet inom olika yrken. Folk från Finland har sedan länge tillbaka åkt till Norge för att tjäna mer pengar och det har många också lyckats med. I detta arbete behandlas de svårigheter och problem som eventuellt kan uppkomma samt hur man skall gå tillväga när man ansöker eller fått anställning. Vi tar även upp problem som kan uppstå vid en eventuell återkomst till Finland eller om man fast b...

Elektronisk bokföring : Case: Kb Bokföringbyrå Esse Tilitoimisto Ky

OpenAIRE

Sahlberg, Rikhard

2016-01-01

Elektronisk bokföring börjar i dagens läge bli allt mer vanligt hos större företag, men även mindre företag har börjat inse fördelarna och börjat ändra på sina system. Kort sagt är det meningen att elektronisk bokföring skall göra alla processer inom bokföringen automatiska så långt som möjligt, för att effektivera jobbet. Den huvudsakliga poängen med elektronisk bokföring är att all bokföring och bokföringsmaterial behandlas i elektroniskt format, det vill säga inköps- och försäljningsfaktur...

Glycolytic potential and ultimate muscle pH values in red deer (Cervus elaphus and fallow deer (Dama dama

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eva Wiklund

2004-04-01

Full Text Available The ultimate pH value of meat (measured at approx. 24 hours post slaughter gives information about the technological quality, i.e. shelf life, colour, water-holding properties and tenderness and is a direct consequence of muscle glycogen (energy levels at slaughter. It may therefore also indicate whether or not the animal has been exposed to stressful energy depleting events prior to slaughter. In the present study, 141 animals (130 red deer (Cervus elaphus and 11 fallow deer (Dama dama were included to investigate the relationship between ultimate pH and residual glycogen concentration in red deer and fallow deer M. longissimus. In addition, the muscle glycogen content and ultimate pH values in three red deer muscles (Mm. triceps brachii, longissimus and biceps femoris were studied. M. triceps brachii had higher ultimate pH and lower glycogen content compared with the other two studied muscles. The frequency of intermediate DFD (5.8≤ pH<6.2 was 5.4% in red deer M. longissimus, compared with 9.1% in fallow deer, while the frequency of DFD (pH≥ 6.2 was much lower in red deer (3.8% than in fallow deer (54.5%. A curvilinear relationship between ultimate pH and total glucose concentration (glycogen and glucose 30 min post slaughter in red deer and fallow deer M. longissimus was found. The relationship between muscle pH and lactic acid concentration however, was indicated to be linear. A significant variation in total glucose concentration at ultimate pH below 5.80 was observed, including values in the range from 18 to 123 mmol/kg wet tissue. It was concluded that further studies are needed to further explore the relationship between muscle glycogen content and technological and sensory quality attributes of meat from different deer species.Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning:Köttets pH-värde (mätt ca 24 timmar efter slakt har stor betydelse för den teknologiska kvaliteten som t. ex. hållbarhet, färg, vattenhållande förmåga och m

Dynamic generation of socio-economic scenarios for climate change adaptation: methods, building blocks and examples; Dynamisk generering av socioekonomiska scenarier foer klimatanpassning: metod, byggstenar och exempel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carlsen, Henrik; Dreborg, Karl Henrik

2008-05-15

There is a need for socio-economic scenarios in climate change adaptation work in order to help planners cope with uncertainty of the long term development of society. The United Nations' Panel of climate change (IPCC) has developed climate scenarios with substantially different climatic characteristics in a hundred years' perspective. However, in a 25-30 years' perspective, which is very long term in societal planning, the difference between the scenarios is small, while society may develop in different directions. Since measures of adaptation to a changing climate may have different impacts depending on future socio-economic conditions, there is a need for scenarios that describe different possible developments. With a time frame of 25 years scenarios are more useful than projections of single factors such as GDP or demography, because scenarios can capture structural changes of society. This report presents results from a first step of the development of a scenario tool for climate adaptation work in municipalities, regions, and sectors of society in Sweden. The tool is to be further developed in regional case studies with the aim to make it adaptable to the specific focus of interest of various planning agencies. Therefore, we primarily concentrate on developing external factors and different possible future states for these, and a methodology for combining them into scenarios. The report presents the main steps of the scenario methodology and building blocks for the scenario construction consisting of socio-economic factors of special importance for climate adaptation work. The 13 socio-economic factors are: Demography; International mitigation policy; International climate change adaptation policy, Swedish economy; Ideology and social cohesion; Climate change perception; Swedish governance; Environmental policy; Global energy paradigm; Swedish energy paradigm; Land use; Built environment; Transportation. For each factor different possible future states are suggested. It is a leading idea that a specific set of Swedish socio-economic scenarios should be tailored for each specific planning situation: The national level will be described from the point of view of the actual focal issue. The report also entails three examples of socio-economic scenarios. However, these have been designed on the basis of the general question of what impacts the conditions for climate change for Sweden at large. Socio-economic scenarios can support adaptation work in several ways. They can reveal challenges, both opportunities and threats, related to different directions of development for society. Scenarios may also elicit ideas of adaptation measures by widening the perceptions of what may happen in the future. Furthermore, they may be used for assessing measures or combinations of measures as regards the impact they will have in the different scenarios. Such an assessment may facilitate the development of a strategy that works reasonably well under several plausible future conditions

Short-term forecasts of district heating load and outdoor temperature by use of on-line connected computers; Korttidsprognoser foer fjaerrvaermelast och utetemperatur med on-linekopplade datorer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Malmstroem, B; Ernfors, P; Nilsson, Daniel; Vallgren, H [Chalmers Tekniska Hoegskola, Goeteborg (Sweden). Institutionen foer Energiteknik

1996-10-01

In this report the available methods for forecasting weather and district heating load have been studied. A forecast method based on neural networks has been tested against the more common statistical methods. The accuracy of the weather forecasts from the SMHI (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute) has been estimated. In connection with these tests, the possibilities of improving the forecasts by using on-line connected computers has been analysed. The most important results from the study are: Energy company staff generally look upon the forecasting of district heating load as a problem of such a magnitude that computer support is needed. At the companies where computer calculated forecasts are in use, their accuracy is regarded as quite satisfactory; The interest in computer produced load forecasts among energy company staff is increasing; At present, a sufficient number of commercial suppliers of weather forecasts as well as load forecasts is available to fulfill the needs of energy companies; Forecasts based on neural networks did not attain any precision improvement in comparison to more traditional statistical methods. There may though be other types of neural networks, not tested in this study, that are possibly capable of improving the forecast precision; Forecasts of outdoor temperature and district heating load can be significantly improved through the use of on-line-connected computers supplied with instantaneous measurements of temperature and load. This study shows that a general reduction of the load prediction errors by approximately 15% is attainable. For short time horizons (less than 5 hours), more extensive load prediction error reductions can be reached. For the 1-hour time horizon, the possible reduction amounts to up to 50%. 21 refs, 4 figs, 7 appendices

Evaluation and development of methods for determining methane emissions from biogas plants - Literature Study; Vaerdering och utveckling av maetmetoder foer bestaemning av metanemissioner fraan biogasanlaeggningar - Litteraturstudie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Holmgren, Magnus Andreas (SP, Boraas (Sweden)); Willen, Agnes; Rodhe, Lena (JTI, Uppsala (Sweden))

2011-11-15

Previous work in areas such as framework of voluntary commitment shows that there is a need for techniques for measurement of methane and other greenhouse gases from various sources in the handling of organic residuals. There are no established methods for determining for instance emissions of methane from open or partially open tanks and cisterns, typically residue storage and the like. This report gives results from Phase 1 of this project, in which literary studies, market research studies, interviews and site visits have been made to identify a number of methods applied for the determination of emissions from open areas, such as liquid surfaces, but also land. Focus is on methods that can be applied to plants for biological treatment, which also includes the water treatment process at the treatment plants, but also the procedures used in measurements on land, landfills and processing plants are studied. First, the report gives a brief overview of a large number of measurement methods, where more detailed descriptions of four methods are given. The four methods are considered to be the most promising to pursue in the following phases of the project: - chamber technology; - sampling hood; - plume measurement with DIAL (Differential Absorption Lidar); - air input in a covered storage.

Cost studies concerning decontamination and dismantling. The interim store for spent fuel at Studsvik; Kaerntekniska kostnadsstudier avseende dekontaminering och nedlaeggning. Mellanfoervaret foer anvaent kaernbraensle i Studsvik

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sjoeblom, Rolf; Sjoeoe, Cecilia [Tekedo AB, Nykoeping (Sweden); Lindskog, Staffan; Cato, Anna [Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate, Stockholm (Sweden)

2006-04-15

The interim store for spent fuel at Studsvik was designed and constructed in 1962-64. It has been used for wet storage of fuel from the Aagesta Nuclear Power Plant as well as the R2 reactor at Studsvik. The interim store comprises three cylindrical pools for fuel storage as well as equipment for handling and decontamination. The purpose of the present work is to develop methodology for calculation of future costs for decontamination and dismantling of nuclear research facilities. The analysis is based on information from Studsvik as well as results from information searches. The requirements on precision of cost calculations is high, also at early stages. The reason for this is that the funds are to be collected now but are to be used some time in the future. At the same time they should neither be insufficient nor superfluous. It is apparent from the compilation and analysis that when methodology that has been developed for the purpose of cost calculations for power reactors is applied to research facilities certain drawbacks become apparent, e.g. difficulties to carry out variation analyses. Generally, feedback of data on incurred costs for the purpose of cost calculations can be achieved by using one or more scaling factors together with weighing factors which are established based on e.g. expert judgement. For development and utilisation of such tools it is necessary to have access to estimated costs together with incurred ones. In the report, the following combination of aspects is identified as being of primary significance for achieving a high precision: Calculations with the possibility to calibrate against incurred costs; Radiological surveying tailored to the needs for calculations; Technical planning including selection of techniques to be used; Identification of potential sources for systematic deviations. In the case of the interim store, some of the sources of uncertainty are as follows: Damaged surface layers in the pools; Maintenance status for the drains; Radiological surveying; Compilation and selection of techniques to be used. A number of aspects were compiled in the information search and the results give support to the above conclusions. Leakage to the groundwater and methodology for removal of surface layers might be mentioned as examples. It is assessed, in conclusion, that it is reasonable to achieve a confidence level of 80 % using the above summarised methodology. This assessment is based on known error margins in planning of new plants in combination with achievable reduction in uncertainty in the most important sources of systematic errors in cost calculations for nuclear research facilities.

The potential of utilizing wood ash and peat ash on organic soils in Sweden; Arealer foer skogsgoedsling med traeaska och torvaska paa organogena jordar i Sverige

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haanell, Bjoern [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Umeaa (Sweden). Dept. of Silviculture

2004-01-01

Nutrients removed from the forest when branches and treetops are harvested as fuel can be returned to the site by recycling the remaining wood ash after combustion. This compensation measure is presently not carried out to any appreciable extent, partly because there is no economic incentive for the landowner. In sites where this measure has been applied, only on mineral soils (e.g. moraine) until now, greater margins for sustainable maintenance of the long-term site productivity can be expected. The ash contains all elements required for tree growth except for nitrogen (N). Therefore the ash amendment does not result in increased stand growth on these soils because the most important element for a growth response (N) is missing. In contrast, on organic soils N is often abundant whereas the amounts of other mineral nutrients are small. Thus, the elements lacking in the soils of peatland forests are available in the ash. This is especially true for phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). This means that peatland forests provide an opportunity for ash amendment in order to increase forest production. Old fertilization trials using wood ash show that the growth increase can be very large. The aim of this study was to (i) calculate the area of peat covered land that with respect to stand growth responses could be regarded as most suitable for bio-ash (wood ash and peat ash) fertilization, and (ii) assess the amount of bio-ash needed for fertilizing this area. Peat ash, although not as much studied, also has potential to be used to provide nutrients for increasing peatland forest growth. Most of the area calculations were based on data from the National Forest Inventory (NFI) 1997-2001. Sites were selected with guidance from existing knowledge about ash fertilization effects on tree growth and with the aid of registrations made in NFI regarding peat depth, site productivity, drainage, condition of drains, dominating field vegetation, and degree of stand development. Additional calculations were made concerning the area of abandoned peat fields ready for after-use by afforestation. The main part of the site selection was made in five steps. First, the non-productive sites (which produce less than 1 m{sup 3}/ha/yr) were rejected. Also sites with peat cover shallower than 30 cm were excluded. In the next step it was decided to restrict the ash fertilization to areas with drains in good condition, and to sites where the field vegetation was dominated by 'better shrubs' (Vaccinium myrtillus, V. vitis idaea, Equisetum silvaticum, and tall sedges) or 'low sedge' (Eriophorum vaginatum, Scirpus caespitosus, and other low Cyperaceae plants). Finally, open areas, seedling stands, and young forests were rejected in favour of un-thinned and thinned mid-rotation, and mature and old stands. According to these selection criteria the most suitable sites for ash fertilization are drained, productive peatlands characterized by thinning stands or older stands where the field vegetation is dominated by better shrubs or low sedge plants. The selection comprises 190,000 ha. Most of these areas are located in North Sweden (90,000 ha), whereas Central and South Sweden accounted for 30,000 ha and 70,000 ha, respectively. In addition to this, 2,000-3,000 ha of abandoned peat fields ready for afforestation should be added within a period of about 5 years. The requirement for phosphorus when peatland forests are fertilized is 40-50 kg/ha. From this, and from studies on the variation of phosphorus content and bulk density of wood ash of various origins, it can be calculated that a proper ash fertilization dose would be 3-5 t/ha. The nutrient content in the ash may however often prove lower than in the reported studies, in which case larger doses than 5 t/ha would be required. The present annual production of bio-ash in Sweden is about 250,000-300,000 tonnes. If it were desired to amend all sites (190,000 ha) identified in this study by using 5 tonnes per ha, it would use up 3-4 years of annual production of bio-ash.

Ice Forces on Offshore Wind Power Plants. Descriptions of mechanisms and recommendations for dimensioning; Islaster paa vindkraftverk till havs. Beskrivning av mekanismer och rekommendationer foer dimensionering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergdahl, Lars [Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden). Dept of Water Environment Transport

2002-02-01

Mechanisms for ice-loads on off-shore wind power plants are described, The ice-loads are due to thermal expansion, water level variations, drifting ice and ice-reefing. Ice accretion is briefly treated. Ice instance, ice thickness, ice retention time, water level variations and stream velocities in Swedish waters are compiled. The main text deals with recommendations for dimensioning wind power plants at sea. In the appendices, a thorough review of the physical and mechanical properties of ice is presented.

Dose conversion factors of radiation doses at normal operation discharges. E. Description of geographical surroundings and critical group; Dosomraekningsfaktorer foer normaldriftutslaepp. E. Omraadesbeskrivningar och kritisk grupp

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hallberg, Bengt

2001-10-01

A study was performed in order to develop and supplement existing models for calculating radiation doses from discharges of radionuclides under normal operating conditions at the Swedish NPPs at Barsebaeck, Forsmark, Oskarshamn and Ringhals, and at the nuclear plants at Studsvik and the Westinghouse Atom fuel plant. A general description of the surroundings of each plant is given in this report, together with an inventory of agricultural activities, forestry, areas for leisure activities etc. The conditions of the critical group has been selected based on the description of the surroundings and the modeling of dispersion in the atmosphere and fallout on the ground. In contrast to earlier models where fictive critical groups were used, the present model is based on factual circumstances.

Air quality and residential wood combustion - application of the model system SIMAIRrwc for some Swedish municipalities; Luftkvalitet och smaaskalig biobraensleeldning. Tillaempningar av SIMAIRved foer naagra kommuner

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Omstedt, Gunnar; Andersson, Stefan; Johansson, Christer; Loefgren, Bengt-Erik

2008-11-15

SIMAIRrwc is a Web based evaluation tool for meeting the EU directive on air pollution limits in residential areas using wood combustion. The background is a four-year research program (2001-2004) called Biomass Combustion Health and Environment. Some conclusions from this program were that emissions from small scale wood combustion can influence human health mainly due to high emitting old wood stoves during cold weather conditions and that the air quality in such areas can improve significantly if old wood stoves were replaced by modern wood boilers attached to a storage tank or with a pellet boiler. SIMAIRrwc is based on the same principles as SIMAIRroad, which is a Web based evaluation tool for road traffic i.e. coupled model system using different models on local, urban and regional geographical scales, best available emission data, but at the same time presented in a very simplified way. In this project SIMAIRrwc has been applied in five different Swedish municipalities. The aim has been to apply and improve the model in cooperation with the municipalities. The conclusions from the project are: Small scale wood combustions in residential areas are local problems which sometimes include only a few houses and/or wood-burners. Air quality problems related to the EU directive are mainly due to particles. Combinations of residential areas with wood combustion and emissions from nearby dense traffic roads might give rise to bad air quality. Actions require knowledge about individual equipment which needs information from the local chimney sweeps. The best way to identify problem areas is to use model calculations. If model calculations indicate risks of exceeding air quality limits, then new calculations should be made with improved input data taking into account for example information of district heating or other installations that can effect the emissions. Before actions are taken it may also be useful to make measurements. The measurement site can then be selected in the area where the model calculations show the largest impact. SIMAIRrwc is a powerful tool that can be used for identification and visualisation of areas where there might be air quality problems due to residential wood combustion

Biofuels from the forest. A study of environmental impacts and economy of different uses; Biobraensle fraan skogen. En studie av miljoekonsekvenser och ekonomi foer olika anvaendningar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ekstroem, Clas; Amnell, Goesta; Anheden, Marie; Eidensten, Lars; Kirkegaard, Gunilla [Vattenfall Utveckling AB (Sweden)

2002-04-01

The energy and environmental council of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences initiated this study of how an additional 30 TWh/year of forest biofuel could be used in the Swedish energy system within a 10-year period. The specifications include that the forest biofuel shall be used in such a manner that the greatest possible reduction in carbon dioxide emissions will be achieved at the lowest cost without risking other environmental goals, such as good quality of local air. The figure chosen as starting point for the study, 30 TWh/year, was selected as it is this amount that available data have suggested could be extracted without negatively affecting the long-term productive capacity of forest land. The long-term potential of biofuel will probably be much larger than the volume used today, together with the additional use of 30 TWh/yr. We therefore studied fields of use that, totally, will be considerably larger than 30 TWh/yr. The starting point for comparisons of different uses for forest biofuel was the available benefit/utility for industrial, transportation and service sectors, together with domestic uses. The reference alternative was the existing uses of fossil fuels. Comparisons of different alternatives were made including differences in fuel consumption, CO{sub 2} emissions, emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust, as well as costs without environmental and energy taxes or subsidies. Monetary estimations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust in accordance with the EU ExternE Project were included in the costs. In our study, we have used two scenarios as starting points in order to cover the range of results. Summary of results: The largest reductions in CO{sub 2} emissions (generally about 0.6-1 Mtonnes CO{sub 2} /TWh forest biofuel and for heat pumps slightly more than 2 Mtonnes CO{sub 2}/TWh forest fuel) at the lowest cost are obtained when bioenergy replaces electricity produced by coal fired condensing power stations in neighbouring countries. In some of these cases, bioenergy would not imply any additional cost in comparison with the use of electricity produced by coal condensing plants. In most other cases the estimated additional costs will not be higher than about 60 SEK/tonne reduced CO{sub 2} emissions (up to 90 SEK/MWh electricity). If bioenergy in cases with additional costs is to replace electricity from coal condensing plants it is necessary to place a price on the CO{sub 2} emissions by coal power stations and/or submit them to carbon dioxide taxation. This is not the case today. Pellet boilers in multi-family houses can utilise considerable amounts of forest biofuel and provide heating at lower costs than electric boilers. District heating and cogeneration of power and district heating can also utilise large volumes of forest biofuel (up to 20 TWh resulting in more than 12 Mtonnes/year reduced CO{sub 2} emissions) at low added costs (about 60 SEK/tonne reduced CO{sub 2} emissions corresponding to 20-40 SEK/MWh district heating) in comparison with fossil alternatives. Emissions of other air pollutants can then more easily be minimised and will occur further from built-up areas. The amount of electricity that can be produced from forest biofuel at these low added costs in comparison with fossil alternatives is restricted by the level of district-heating production. Today the power transmission systems permit only limited exports of electrical power, and consequently important reductions in CO{sub 2} emissions can be achieved at low cost if electricity from biofuel-fired cogeneration plants, that cannot be exported, is used by new heat pumps in villas. This would also give lower emissions of other air pollutants in urban areas than if pellets or oil were used to fire the villa boilers. Heat pumps and pellet boilers will be the most favourable forest biofuel based heating alternative for villas heated by water radiators. Heat pumps give greater reductions in CO{sub 2} emissions at lower cost provided they can be assumed to be powered by electricity obtained from a forest biofuel based cogeneration plant. If transmission of electricity between Sweden and northern Europe could take place with considerably less physical restrictions than the case today, then the largest CO{sub 2} reductions at the lowest added costs would be obtained through maximal production of district heating and cogeneration electricity, heating of homes and premises that are not linked to the district heating using pellet boilers instead of electric boilers, and by reducing consumption of electricity in villas with direct electric heating by introduction of pellet stoves. In this scenario, the use of heat pumps in villas instead of electric boilers would mean reduced consumption of electricity produced by coal condensing plants and thus result in reduced CO{sub 2} emissions. However, this cannot be related to the use of forest biofuel. (abstract truncated)

The Role of Anisotropic Exchange in Single Molecule Magnets: A CASSCF/NEVPT2 Study of the Fe4 SMM Building Block [Fe2(OCH32(dbm4] Dimer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alessandro Lunghi

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The rationalisation of single molecule magnets’ (SMMs magnetic properties by quantum mechanical approaches represents a major task in the field of the Molecular Magnetism. The fundamental interpretative key of molecular magnetism is the phenomenological Spin Hamiltonian and the understanding of the role of its different terms by electronic structure calculations is expected to steer the rational design of new and more performing SMMs. This paper deals with the ab initio calculation of isotropic and anisotropic exchange contributions in the Fe(III dimer [Fe 2 (OCH 3 2 (dbm 4 ]. This system represents the building block of one of the most studied Single Molecule Magnets ([Fe 4 RC(CH 2 O 3 2 (dpm 6 ] where R can be an aliphatic chain or a phenyl group just to name the most common functionalization groups and its relatively reduced size allows the use of a high computational level of theory. Calculations were performed using CASSCF and NEVPT2 approaches on the X-ray geometry as assessment of the computational protocol, which has then be used to evinced the importance of the outer coordination shell nature through organic ligand modelization. Magneto-structural correlations as function of internal degrees of freedom for isotropic and anisotropic exchange contributions are also presented, outlining, for the first time, the extremely rapidly changing nature of the anisotropic exchange coupling.

Noise and noise disturbances from wind power plants - Tests with interactive control of sound parameters for more comfortable and less perceptible sounds; Buller och bullerstoerningar fraan vindkraftverk - Foersoek med interaktiv styrning av ljudparametrar foer behagligare och mindre maerkbara ljud

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Persson-Waye, K.; Oehrstroem, E.; Bjoerkman, M.; Agge, A. [Goeteborg Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Environmental Medicine

2001-12-01

In experimental pilot studies, a methodology has been worked out for interactively varying sound parameters in wind power plants. In the tests, 24 persons varied the center frequency of different band-widths, the frequency of a sinus-tone and the amplitude-modulation of a sinus-tone in order to create as comfortable a sound as possible. The variations build on the noise from the two wind turbines Bonus and Wind World. The variations were performed with a constant dba level. The results showed that the majority preferred a low-frequency tone (94 Hz and 115 Hz for Wind World and Bonus, respectively). The mean of the most comfortable amplitude-modulation varied between 18 and 22 Hz, depending on the ground frequency. The mean of the center-frequency for the different band-widths varied from 785 to 1104 Hz. In order to study the influence of the wind velocity on the acoustic character of the noise, a long-time measurement program has been performed. A remotely controlled system has been developed, where wind velocity, wind direction, temperature and humidity are registered simultaneously with the noise. Long-time registrations have been performed for four different wing turbines.

Five different colours solid-state fluorescence of azastilbenes: a new ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

2016-08-26

Aug 26, 2016 ... Five push–pull azastilbene derivatives [R = −OH (1), −OCH3 (2), −OCH2CH3 (3), −N(CH3)2 (4) and −N(CH2CH3)2 (5)] have been synthesized and successfully characterized by 1H NMR, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Compounds 1–5 possess solid-state ...

Handelsbankens användande av CRM -Är det lönsamt?

OpenAIRE

Salman Kanbar, Ahmad

2012-01-01

Frågeställning: På vilket sätt används CRM av Handelsbanken och hur påverkar det bankens lönsamhet? Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att kunna öka kunskapen om hur Handelsbanken tillämpar CRM och för att undersöka om användandet av CRM i bankens verksamhet är lönsamt eller inte. Metod: För att svara på studiens syfte blev en intervju utförd med Handelsbanken. Ännu en anledning till varför en intervju gjordes var på grund av att det var nödvändigt för att få det primärdata som behövdes och fö...

Chlorobis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) and dichloro(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-vanadium(III): synthesis and coordination chemistry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chadha, S.L.; Uppal, K.

1987-01-01

VCl(OCH 2 CF 3 ) 2 and VCl 2 (OCH 2 CF 3 ) have been synthesised. They form complexes with monodentate oxygen or nitrogen donor ligands. The magnetic moments for these complexes indicate antiferromagnetic interactions and their electronic spectra are consistent with octahedral coordination of V(III) involving chloride, organoxy ions and the ligands. The i.r. spectra support the alkoxy-bridged structure for these complexes in which the ligands are probably cis to each other. 1 H nmr spectrum of VCl(OCH 2 CF 3 ) 2 shows a sharp quartet suggesting a sharp exchange of terminal and bridging alkoxy groups. 19 F nmr spectra of the parent compounds also show a single sharp band. The mass spectra suggest a dimeric form for both compounds in vapour phase

Det afghanska valet i svensk media : En diskursanalys av svensk medias rapportering om parlamentsvalet 2010

OpenAIRE

Arvidsson, Jonathan

2013-01-01

Den här uppsatsen analyserar svensk medias rapportering om valet i Afghanistan 2010. Med hjälp av metoder framtagna av Van Dijk har en analys av artiklar som berör valet 2010 gjorts. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna är postkolonialism och orientalism. Med hjälp av de perspektiven och Van Dijks medieanalys analyseras materialet för att tydliggöra strukturer i media.

Legalisering som lösning? Erfarenheter av holländsk eutanasipraxis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boer, Th.A.

2002-01-01

Fastän vi lever i ett Europa som växer samman, så fortsätter dock många gränser att bestå. Vissa skillnader förblir eller har i de förgångna årtiondena till och med blivit djupare. Dödshjälpsdebatterna i Holland och Skandinavien ger oss ett exempel. Två stater med till stor del lika kultur, men

Mat på arbetet dygnet runt? Arbete – Tid – Måltid

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jørgensen, Michael Søgaard; Lagnevik, Magnus; Lindén, Anne-Lisa

Denna rapport syftar således till att försöka skapa en överblick över och systematisera de erfarenheter och kompetenser som finns på båda sidor sundet kring maten på arbetsställan. Områdets tvärvetenskapliga karaktär återspeglas i sammansättningen av projektmedlemmar på båda sidor sundet, där såv...

Carboxylate and amino group coated silver nanoparticles as joining materials for copper-to-copper silver joints.

Science.gov (United States)

Oestreicher, A; Röhrich, T; Lerch, M

2012-12-01

Organic silver complexes are introduced where silver is linked either with a carboxyl group or with an amino group. Upon heating, nanoparticles are generated if the respective ligands are long enough to act as stabilizing agents in the nanoparticulate regime. With decomposition and volatilization of the organic material, the sintering of silver occurs. The thermal characteristics of the carboxylates silver-n-octanoate, silver-n-decanoate, and AgOOC(CH2OCH2)2CH2OCH3 are compared with silver-n-alkylamines (n = 8, 9, and 12), and their thermal behavior is discussed based on thermogravimetry (TG) measurements. The consecutive stages of a metallization process are addressed based on the properties of AgOOC(CH2OCH2)2CH2OCH3, and the usable effects of the individual phases of this metal organic compound are analyzed by cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of silver joints. Selection criteria are addressed based on the thermal behavior. A mechanism for the joining process is proposed, considering formation and sintering of the nanoparticles. It was found that the bulk material can be used for low-temperature joining processes. Strong adherence to copper as a basic material can be achieved.

Syskonplaceringens relation till personligheten hos vuxna personer

OpenAIRE

Lindberg, Charlotta

2015-01-01

Individers placering i syskonskaran och dess relation till beteenden har varit i fokus för otaliga studier. Det finns dock relativt lite forskning kring syskonplaceringens relation till personlighet i Sverige. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka syskonplaceringens relation till personligheten enligt Big Five-Inventory (Zakrisson, 2010). Studien inkluderade vuxna personer (N=1070) som var relaterade till Stockholms universitets databas och svarade elektroniskt på enkäten (BFI). Fyra grup...

Skrivande om skrivande

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vad har skrivande för roll i vår forskning? Hur kan vi använda skrivande som ett sätt att tänka, lära, förstå och samtala? Kan skrivande vara metod? I Skrivande om skrivande möter du skribenter med bakgrund såväl i akademin som i skönlitteratur, poesi och journalistik. Här delar de med sig av sina...

Feeding soy or fish meal to Alaskan reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus – effects on animal performance and meat quality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Greg Finstad

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Fourteen reindeer (8 steers and 6 females were used to compare the effects of two different reindeer diets (a feed mix based on barley, brome hay and soybean meal (SBM or fishmeal (WFM as protein source on animal growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and ultimate meat quality. Samples from free-ranging reindeer (n=4; 2 steers and 2 females on the Seward Peninsula were included to provide comparisons with the traditional reindeer meat produced in Alaska. No significant difference was observed in overall weight gain between the WFM and SBM animals or between females and steers; however, the feed conversion efficiency was significantly higher for the reindeer fed the WFM mix. Carcass dressing percentage from the SBM group was higher compared with the WFM animals. No differences were found in live weight, carcass characteristics, meat pH, temperature decline, shear force, meat color or cooking loss when comparing the treatment groups. The meat samples (M. longissimus from the free-range group had the highest amount of omega-3 fatty acids and also the highest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA. Meat from the animals fed SBM was significantly higher in triglyceride content and lower in phospholipid content compared with the two other groups. No significant differences were found when the trained panel compared the sensory attributes of the meat. Off-flavor attributes related to “wild’ or “gamey” flavor was reported by consumers for samples from the WFM and free-range reindeer (15 and 24 per cent of the consumers, respectively. No “fish-related” flavor was reported. In conclusion, no negative effects in either animal performance or meat quality characteristics by using fish meal as opposed to soybean meal as a protein supplement in a milled reindeer diet were found.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag:Utfordring av ren med soja- eller fiskmjøl – effekter på tillväxt, foderutnyttjande och köttkvalitet I vår unders

Effects of Non Process Elements in the chemical recovery system of paper mills; Effekter av PFG foer integrerade pappersbruk vid indunstning och foerbraenning av bioslam i sodapannan

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dahlbom, Johan [AaF Process AB, Stockholm (Sweden); Wadsborn, Rickard [STFI-Packforsk AB, Stockholm (Sweden)

2005-09-01

Effluent treatment of pulp and paper mills generates a biological sludge that according to Swedish implementation of EU-directives from 2005 has to be taken care of by incineration or by production of soil for agriculture or ground cover. An alternative way to take care of the sludge is incineration in the recovery boiler. This method is used in two Finish and two Swedish pulp mills with good results. The purpose of this project is to investigate the consequences for integrated pulp and paper mills when the biological sludge is incinerated in the recovery boiler. The biological sludge contents Non Process Elements, NPE, which increase the risks of incrustations in the system and increase the need of make up lime. This study comprises the following NPE: aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, chloride, potassium, manganese, magnesium, iron, copper, barium and calcium. The simulation program WinGEMS 5.0 (Pacific Simulation) was used in the study to predict the levels of NPE in the recovery system of the Kraft mills. Three different pulp and paper mills were selected for the study, Billerud Skaerblacka, ASSI Domaen Froevi and SCA Obbola. The mills are different concerning raw materials, process, degree of own produced pulp and paper products. All three the mills have effluent treatment and use the method of activated sludge that generates a surplus of biological sludge. The results of the study proved that for Skaerblacka mill the method is applicable. For Obbola the prerequisites are somewhat more complicated, the effluent treatment generates considerably higher amount of sludge per ton pulp produced due to the treatment technique and use of waste paper (40 %) for the paper machine. The high input of aluminum with the sludge will give troublesome incrustations of sodium-aluminum-silicate on the heat surfaces in the evaporation plant. To eliminate the aluminum from the system magnesium can be added to the black liquor which will precipitate as the double salt hydrotalcite in the green liquor and be rejected by the green liquor dregs. For Froevi mill the situation is somewhat more favorable compared to Obbola but a smaller amount of magnesium has still to be added to avoid incrustations of sodium-aluminum-silicate in the evaporation plant. The need of make-up lime will increase due to the content of phosphorus in the biological sludge which otherwise will be build up in the lime. The increased need of make up lime was estimated to 2 kg/ADt for Skaerblacka and Froevi while Obbola will need about 2-3 kg/ADt. Experience from mills that employ incineration of biological sludge in the recovery boiler shows that NO{sub x} in the flue gas has not increased. For Skaerblacka and Froevi the increase of nitrogen by the biological sludge will be moderate and will probably not give any increased formation of NO{sub x} in the flue gas. For Obbola the amount of nitrogen by the sludge will be higher which increases the risks of having higher levels of NO{sub x} in the flue gas. The other NPEs as chlorides, potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, cupper, barium and calcium will not give any problems for the recovery system. The study proves that it is possible for an integrated pulp and paper mill to evaporate and incinerate the biological sludge in the recovery boiler. Disadvantages as increased need of make up lime and also the necessity of adding magnesium when using this method should be compared with benefits and drawbacks with other methods that are available. Costs of the methods must be calculated based on the actual pulp and paper mill.

Guidance to the regulations on sustainability criteria for biofuels and bioliquids Version 3.0; Vaegledning till regelverket om haallbarhetskriterier foer biodrivmedel och flytande biobraenslen Version 3.0

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2012-07-01

Swedish Energy Agency is the regulatory authority for enforcement of the Act (2010:598) concerning sustainability criteria for biofuels and bioliquids. The Act implements into Swedish law provisions on sustainability criteria in the so-called renewable-directive. Authority is based on the authorization issued regulations, but there are many details that are not regulated by statute. Many of the interested companies contacts the authority and want to know more about what will apply in various respects. The Agency has therefore chosen, in this guide, to introduce more detailed explanations of the rules that exist in law and regulation. It is thus not a question of legally binding rules. This third version of the guidance has been supplemented with sections on reporting. The Agency will gradually expand the guide to include more parts of the acquis. The guidance has been produced by the unit for sustainable fuels. Before the content was fixed definitively the guidance has been circulated to NGOs and government.

Ecology and physiology of reed. A literature study for evaluation of reed as an energy source. Vassens Ekologi och Fysiologi. Litteraturstudie foer Bedoerfrung au Vass som Energiraavaren

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bjoerndahl, G.; Egnens, H.

1980-01-01

The potentials of reed as an energy source are evaluated. The following subjects are discussed: The structure and life-cycle of reed; Primary production and photosynthesis; Important environmental factors for the production; Genetic variation; Competition, succession and parasitism; Human influence like cultivation, harvesting, etc. An extensive list of references is given.

Evaluation and optimization of a method for pretreatment of sorted household wastes for biogas production; Utvaerdering och optimering av metod foer foerbehandling av kaellsorterat hushaallsavfall till biogasproduktion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bohn, Irene (NSR AB, Helsingborg (Sweden)); Carlsson, My (AnoxKaldnes AB, Lund (Sweden)); Eriksson, Ylva; Holmstroem, David (Lund Univ., Lund (Sweden))

2010-04-15

At NSR in Helsingborg, Sweden, organic household waste is digested and converted into biogas and bio-fertiliser. The incoming waste contains a small fraction of non-sorted waste such as plastics, metal and paper. These materials, especially plastics, can cause operational problems in the digester and pollution of the bio-fertiliser. In order to separate these particles from the digestion substrate, the waste requires pre-treatment. For two years, a screw press has been applied for pre-treating the waste at NSR. In the pre-treatment process, food waste is grounded and mixed with water to form a slurry. The slurry is separated into a dry fraction (reject) and a liquid fraction in the press. The liquid fraction is the digestion substrate and is sent to the digester while the reject is sent to combustion. Though, the separation in the screw press is not complete and thus organic, easily degradable matter ends up in the reject. In order to evaluate the efficiency in the screw press and to estimate the loss of easily degradable matter (and thus loss of methane), an assessment of the mass- and energy balances was carried out. The composition of the in- and outgoing fractions was analysed with the purpose of determining the distribution of organic material in the two outgoing fractions. The methane potential in the liquid fraction was compared with the methane potential in the slurry so as to estimate the loss of methane. The results of the mass balances showed that 63 % of the organic material that enters the screw press ends up in the liquid fraction and 37 % ends up in the reject. One ton of waste that enters the pre-treatment facility will eventually result in 1.5 tons of liquid and 0.2 tons of reject. Analysis of the composition was carried out in the slurry, the liquid fraction and the reject. These analyses showed that the liquid fraction contains a higher concentration of easily degradable matter such as fat and protein than the reject. In the incoming material, as well as in the reject, visual plastic objects and large fibres were present, while no visual large particles occurred in the liquid fraction. Analyses of the methane yield in the three streams showed that the liquid fraction has the highest methane potential. However, a considerable amount of methane can be produced from the reject and thus, a large amount of potential methane is lost in the present situation. Approximately 65 % of the methane that potentially can be produced in the slurry can be produced from the liquid fraction. Methane is a gas with a high energy value and can be converted to vehicle fuel. The energy in the reject is converted into heat and electricity when combusted in a combined heat and power plant. Just over 12 GWh of methane could be produced from digestion of the slurry. The corresponding energy production from the liquid fraction is 8 GWh. From combustion of the reject, almost 2 GWh of electricity can be produced and close to 4 GWh of heat. The total amount of energy that can be produced by applying the screw press is therefore larger when the screw press is applied. However, the energy in the gas is considered as a higher form of energy and the selectivity in the screw press should therefore be increased in order to achieve a higher methane production from the liquid fraction. Though, pre-treatment in the screw press gives benefits in terms of increased operational stability and a possibility to use the digestion sludge as a bio-fertiliser. A lab scale study was carried out in order to investigate the possibilities of increasing the methane production from the liquid fraction. By increasing the temperature in the mixing tank, more fat can be dissolved in the liquid phase in the slurry and be separated to the liquid fraction. According to the results of the study, the energy production could increase with close to 40 % if the fat concentration in the liquid fraction is increased by 35 %. Experiments carried out with electroporation of the waste show that an increase of the dissolved organic matter can possibly be achieved but th at the energy input that is required exceeds the benefit. The conclusion is that the screw press is efficient in separating unwanted material but that improvements are required in order to minimise the loss of methane

Products based on the mixes of fly ashes and fibre sludge (fibre-ashes) for road construction; Produkter baserade paa blandningar av flygaska och fiberslam (fiberaskor) foer vaegbyggande

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lahtinen, Pentti; Maijala Aino; Macsik, Josef

2005-03-01

The project has derived benefits from the earlier Finnish research and development as well as from the experience in the fibre-ash materials for geotechnical applications. The fly ashes used for the project have been taken from the same sources as the fly ashes for the earlier Vaermeforsk project 870: FACE. The project's objective was to develop construction materials based on mixtures of fibre sludge and fly ash for geotechnical applications, and for the final commercialisation of the fibre-ash materials. The mixtures are based on fly ashes from energy production (bark, peat and sludge used for incineration) and on kaolin containing fibre sludge from the paper industry. With help of laboratory tests the project has been searching for fibre ashes with excellent technical characteristics like good frost resistance combined with a good bearing capacity and resilience in geotechnical structures. The project's results has given additional knowledge about alternative road construction materials to construct technically good, sustainable and environmentally friendly roads and other constructions with lower costs than the conventional constructions. The results of laboratory tests have shown that this is possible. However, it has to be verified with help of field tests and pilot constructions. The first tasks of the project were to make choices of the appropriate fibre sludge and fly ashes for the project targets. The laboratory tests have been carried out in the geotechnical laboratory of Ramboll Finland Oy (earlier SCC Viatek Oy, SGT - later in the report SGT). After arrival of all test material in the laboratory the test programme started in order to find out the most optimal fibre-ash mixtures with or without any activator. The most potential mixtures were tested for their geotechnical long-term properties (mainly resistance against climatic load) and for their environmental risk potential. The results comprise of several technically, environmentally and economically potential fibre-ash mixtures and recommendations for their further development with the help of field tests and test construction. The most noteworthy benefits of the fibre ashes as soil construction materials are their elasticity and resistance against permanent deformation. These properties make the fibre-ash materials significantly more frost resistant than the conventional materials. Also, the fibre-ashes are easier and simpler to use in the construction process than the fly ashes because the fibre-ashes are practically dust-tight materials. The results of the project will be background information for the further studies, and for the guidelines and commercialisation of e.g. road construction with fibre ashes.

Oral Chloral Hydrate Compare with Rectal Thiopental in Pediatric Procedural Sedation and Analgesia; a Randomized Clinical Trial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reza Azizkhani

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction: The increasing use of diagnostic imaging in pediatric medicine has resulted in growing need for procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA to minimize motion artifacts during procedures. The drug of choice in pediatric PSA was not introduced till now. The aim of the present study was comparison of oral chloral hydrate (OCH and rectal sodium thiopental (RST in pediatric PSA.Methods: In the present randomized clinical trial, 2-6 years old pediatrics who referred for performing brain computed tomography scan was enrolled and were randomly divided in to two groups. OCH (50mg/kg and RST (25mg/kg were prescribed and a trained nurse recorded the time from drug prescription to receiving the conscious sedation (onset of action, the total time period which the patient has the Ramsay score≥4 (duration of action, and adverse effect of agents. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-squared test, and Non-parametric analysis of covariance (ANCOVA were used for comparisons. Results: One hundred and forty children were entered to two groups of OCH and RST, randomly. The patients of two groups had similar age, sex, weight, and baseline vital signs except for diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001. The onset of action in OCH and RST groups were 24.5±6.1and 28.7±5.2 minutes, respectively (p<0.001. Duration of action in OCH and RST groups were 12.9±2.8 minutes and 13.7±2.6 minutes, respectively (p=0.085. Non parametric ANCOVA revealed that only diastolic blood pressure was affected by drug prescription (p=0.001. In 11(15.7% patients in RST group, diarrhea was observed during 24 hours (p=0.001. Oxygen desaturation was observed only in two patients, both in OCH group. Conclusion: Each of the sedative has advantages and disadvantages that should be considered when selecting one for inducing short-term sedation. It seems that rectal sodium thiopental and oral chloral hydrate are equally effective in pediatric PSA and based on patient’s condition we can administrate

Chiral Pharmaceutical Intermediaries Obtained by Reduction of 2-Halo-1-(4-substituted phenyl-ethanones Mediated by Geotrichum candidum CCT 1205 and Rhodotorula glutinis CCT 2182

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Lucídio C. Fardelone

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Enantioselective reductions of p-R1-C6H4C(OCH2R2 (R1 = Cl, Br, CH3, OCH3, NO2 and R2 = Br, Cl mediated by Geotrichum candidum CCT 1205 and Rhodotorula glutinis CCT 2182 afforded the corresponding halohydrins with complementary R and S configurations, respectively, in excellent yield and enantiomeric excesses. The obtained (R- or (S-halohydrins are important building blocks in chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

MRI of oriental cholangiohepatitis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wani, N.A., E-mail: ahmad77chinar@gmail.co [Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar (India); Robbani, I.; Kosar, T. [Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar (India)

2011-02-15

Oriental cholangiohepatitis (OCH) also called recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is characterized by intrahepatic duct calculi, strictures, and recurrent infections. In turn cholangitis can result in multiple hepatic abscesses, further biliary strictures, and in severe cases, progressive hepatic parenchymal destruction, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and conventional T1-weighted (T1 W) and T2-weighted (T2 W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings have been described in patients with OCH. MRCP findings include duct dilation, strictures, and calculi. MRCP can help to localize the diseased ducts and determine the severity of involvement. T1 and T2 W sequences reveal the parenchymal changes of atrophy, abscess formation, and portal hypertension in addition to calculi. Post-treatment changes are also well depicted using MRI. Comprehensive, non-invasive assessment is achieved by using conventional MRI and MRCP in OCH providing a roadmap for endoscopic or surgical management.

Elaphostrongylus spp. from Scandinavian cervidae - a scanning electron microscope study (SEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Margareta Stéen

1990-08-01

Full Text Available Nematodes of the genus Elaphostrongylus collected from moose (Alces alces L., reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L., and red deer (Cervus elaphus L., respectively, were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. Morphological differences in the ribs of the genital bursa were demonstrated. The Elaphostrongylus species from reindeer and red deer differed from each other in four ribs of the genital bursa. These results agree with the morphological characters of E. cervi and E. rangiferi described by Cameron (1931 and Mitskevitch (1960. The genital bursa of Elaphostrongylus sp. from moose, in accordance with the description of E. alces by Steen et al. (1989 showed characteristics differing from those found in Elaphostrongylus spp. from reindeer and red deer respectively. These results support the hypothesis that there are three separate species of Elaphostrongylus present in Scandinavian Cervidae. Svep-elektroniska studier på Elaphostrongylus spp. hos skandinaviska hjortdjur.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Rundmaskar inom slaktet Elaphostrongylus funna hos alg (Alces alces L., ren (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L. och kronhjort(Cervus elaphus L. studerades med hjalp av svepelelektronmikroskop. De hanliga bursorna med sin a stodjeribbor uppvisade variationer i utseende, langd och placering mellan dessa rundmaskar. De arter av Elaphostrongylus funna hos ren och kronhjort skilde sig åt avseende fyra stodjeribbor på de hanliga bursorna. Dessa resultat stammer val overens med de karaktarer som tidigare ar beskrivna av Cameron(1931 och av Mitskevich (1960. Den hanliga bursan hos arten Elaphostrongylus funnen hos alg, vilken tidigare ar beskriven av Steen et al. (1989, visade upp ett utseende som skilde sig från bursorna hos de Elaphostrongylus-arter funna hos ren och kronhjort. Dessa resultat stoder hypotesen om tre skilda arter av Elaphostrongylus hos skandinaviska hjortdjur.

Tjock och vacker - kvinnlighet och kroppsstorlek bland nicaraguanska kvinnor

OpenAIRE

Johansson, Anna

1996-01-01

Fat and beautiful - femininity and body size among Nicaraguan women This article aims to illuminate and discuss body size as a central element in the social construction of a feminine body. It also emphases the variations in the social definitions and experiences of womens body size; historical and social as well as cultural ones. The dominant body ideal today in Western culture is the slender and fat free body. Women are to a higher extent then men subdued to the disciplinary practices of fa...

Atmospheric chemistry of HFE-7000 (CF(3)CF (2)CF (2)OCH (3)) and 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1-butanol (CF (3)CF (2)CF (2)CH (2)OH): kinetic rate coefficients and temperature dependence of reactions with chlorine atoms.

Science.gov (United States)

Díaz-de-Mera, Yolanda; Aranda, Alfonso; Bravo, Iván; Rodríguez, Diana; Rodríguez, Ana; Moreno, Elena

2008-10-01

The adverse environmental impacts of chlorinated hydrocarbons on the Earth's ozone layer have focused attention on the effort to replace these compounds by nonchlorinated substitutes with environmental acceptability. Hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) and fluorinated alcohols are currently being introduced in many applications for this purpose. Nevertheless, the presence of a great number of C-F bonds drives to atmospheric long-lived compounds with infrared absorption features. Thus, it is necessary to improve our knowledge about lifetimes and global warming potentials (GWP) for these compounds in order to get a complete evaluation of their environmental impact. Tropospheric degradation is expected to be initiated mainly by OH reactions in the gas phase. Nevertheless, Cl atoms reaction may also be important since rate constants are generally larger than those of OH. In the present work, we report the results obtained in the study of the reactions of Cl radicals with HFE-7000 (CF(3)CF(2)CF(2)OCH(3)) (1) and its isomer CF(3)CF(2)CF(2)CH(2)OH (2). Kinetic rate coefficients with Cl atoms have been measured using the discharge flow tube-mass spectrometric technique at 1 Torr of total pressure. The reactions of these chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) substitutes have been studied under pseudo-first-order kinetic conditions in excess of the fluorinated compounds over Cl atoms. The temperature ranges were 266-333 and 298-353 K for reactions of HFE-7000 and CF(3)CF(2)CF(2)CH(2)OH, respectively. The measured room temperature rate constants were k(Cl+CF(3)CF(2)CF(2)OCH(3)) = (1.24 +/- 0.28) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)and k(Cl+CF(3)CF(2)CF(2)CH(2)OH) = (8.35 +/- 1.63) x 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (errors are 2sigma + 10% to cover systematic errors). The Arrhenius expression for reaction 1 was k (1)(266-333 K) = (6.1 +/- 3.8) x 10(-13)exp[-(445 +/- 186)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and k (2)(298-353 K) = (1.9 +/- 0.7) x 10(-12)exp[-(244 +/- 125)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (errors

Blood composition of the reindeer . II. Blood chemistry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauri Nieminen

1983-05-01

kokonaisvalkuainen (63 - 87 g/l, albumiini (39 - 43 g/l, globuliinit (23 - 44 g/l, urea (5,7 - 9 mmol/1, kokonaislipidit (2,7 - 5,2 g/l, triglyseridit (0,17 - 0.33 mmol/1, rasvahapot (0,89 - 1,54 g/l, kalsium (2,2 - 2,6 mmol/1, fosfori (1,6 - 2,2 mmol/I, magnesium (0,8 - 1,2 mmol/1 ja kupari (6,7-18 (Jmol/l olivat korkeimmillaan kesallå ja syksylla ja laskivat talvella. Alhaisimmat pitoisuudet mitattiin nålkiintyneille vaatimille kevaalla. Seerumin korkeat ureapitoisuudet ja CPK, LDH ja SAP aktiivisuudet kuvastivat kehon valkuaisten ja kudosten hajoamista nalkiintymisen aikana. Vuodenajoilla ja ravinnolla ei ollut vaikutusta seerumin T4-, kreatiniini-, natrium- ja kloridipitoisuuksiin. Korkeat ruumiinpainot ja veren kemialliset arvot mitattiin vaatimille, joita ruokittiin sailorehulla ja melassileikkeellå talvella.Renblod. II. Blodkemi.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Den kemiska sammansattningen av blodet hos 578 halvvilda vajor undesoktes under år 1973 — 1979 med hanvisning till ålder, årstid, kalvning och nåringstillstånd. Viktokningen var storst, 400 g/dygn, vid en ålder av 4 — 8 veckor. Detta återspeglades aven i de hoga varden av serumthyroxin (TV, alkalfosfatas (SAP, kreatininfosfokinas (CPK och i blodsockerhalten. Den låga SAP-aktiviteten under vintern var ett tecken på att tillvåxten stannat. Vårdet av pH i venblodet var 7,46 och koagulationskapaciteten (21 sek, 100% var mycket hog under sommaren och hosten. 15 olika åggviteåmnen och 15 fettsyror skiljdes ur serum. Halten av åggviteåmnen i serum var 58 g/1 vid en ålder av 20 dygn och 87 g/1 hos vajorna på hosten. Skillnaden berodde på forandringen i globulinmångden. Foråndringarna hos immunoglobulinerna påvisar, att kalven får sin motståndsformåga efter fodseln ur vajans mjolk och att kalven sjålv borjar producera gammaglobuliner forst då den nått en ålder av 4 veckor. Den nyfodda kalvens serumlipider (2,9 g/1, triglycerider (0,29 mmol/1, och kolesterol (1,6 mmol/1 var tåmligen låga och

The anatomical location and laterality of orbital cavernous haemangiomas.

Science.gov (United States)

McNab, Alan A; Selva, Dinesh; Hardy, Thomas G; O'Donnell, Brett

2014-10-01

To determine the anatomical location and laterality of orbital cavernous haemangiomas (OCH). Retrospective case series. The records of 104 patients with OCH were analyzed. The anatomical location of each OCH defined by the location of a point at the centre of the lesion, and its laterality. There were 104 patients included in the study. No patient had more than one lesion. Sixteen (15.4%) were located in the anterior third of the orbit, 74 (71.2%) were in the middle third, and 14 (13.5%) in the posterior third. In the middle third, 10 of 74 (13.5%) were extraconal and 64 intraconal (86.5%), with 30 of 64 (46.9%) middle third intraconal lesions lying lateral to the optic nerve. Of 104 lesions, 56 (53.8%) were left sided, showing a trend towards a predilection for the left side (p = 0.065). If data from other published series which included data on laterality is added to our own data and analysed, 270 of 468 (57.7%) OCH occurred in the left orbit (p lateral to the optic nerve. This may reflect an origin of these lesions from the arterial side of the circulation, as there are more small arteries in the intraconal space lateral to the optic nerve than in other locations. A predilection for the left orbit remains unexplained.

Synthesis of palm biodiesel using sodium methoxide catalyst

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Azhari; Robiah Yunus; Rasyid, S.A.; Abdullah, L.C.

2006-01-01

Synthesis of palm biodiesel (methyl ester) was successfully carried out from refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) by transesterification reaction. Two kinds of alkali catalyst were selected for this reaction namely sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium methoxide (NaOCH 3 ), and the effects of operating variables such as molar ratio, reaction temperature and quantity of catalyst were also investigated. The reaction was carried out under atmosphere pressure. The reaction temperature and time were varied between 55 to 70 degree C and 50 to 90 minutes respectively. The methanol to oil molar ratios were also varied at 6:1, 5:1, 4:1 and 3:1 to examine its effect on reaction yield. The reaction conversion was 99% by use of NaOCH 3 as a catalyst. However, with NaOH as catalyst, the conversion was slightly lower compared to using NaOCH 3 . The optimum conditions for NaOCH 3 as catalyst were reaction temperature, 65 degree C; reaction time, 60 minutes; molar ratio, 6:1; and catalyst amount, 1.0% w/w. The kinetics study on transesterification of RBDPO with methanol established that the reaction occurred via two stepwise and irreversible elementary reactions following second order model. A vacuum distillation process was used to reduce the pour point of palm biodiesel. The lowest pour point attainable for palm biodiesel was at 3 degree C. (Author)

Analysis of syringyl and guaiacyl (S/G) ratio in lignin

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Spark, A

2006-12-01

Full Text Available the acidolysis products – Validate the new S/G ratio method Why are S/G ratios important? Gives a good indication of the reactivity of the lignin Experimental design Literature Review Establishing Acidolysis conditions Permanganate oxidation Lignin...-method is quick • Permanganate oxidation-method is slow but it is the standard method used at present • Nitrobenzene Oxidation, Pyrolysis, Cupric Oxidation and Thioacidolysis Lignin can be broken down to syringyl and guaiacyl subunits: OCH3 OH OCH3 OH...

Marknadsföring av utbildning : Motsvarar studierna marknadsföringen vid utbildningsprogrammet för automationsteknik & it?

OpenAIRE

Hotanen, Robert

2011-01-01

Arbetet handlar om en marknadsföringsundersökning jag gjorde i yrkeshögskolan Novia vid campus Raseborg. Jag undersökte om studierna motsvarar det som lovats i rekryteringsmarknadsföringen. Som målgrupp hade jag utbildningsprogrammet i automationsteknik och it. I teoridelen beskrivs tjänstemarknadsföring och olika marknadsföringskanaler. Jag gjorde också en kvalitativ intervju med utbildningsprogrammets linjechef, samt en enkätundersökning med de nuvarande studerandena vid utbildningsprog...