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Sample records for flexible dg system

  1. Restoration of Low-Voltage Distribution Systems with Inverter-Interfaced DG Units

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dietmannsberger, Markus; Wang, Xiongfei; Blaabjerg, Frede

    2018-01-01

    -area voltage collapse. This paper proposes a restoration strategy from zero voltage conditions for inverter-interfaced DG under islanded conditions. In the approach, a flexible and scalable Master DG inverter concept is introduced for distributed generations, where no communication is needed and an outage......The increasing share of distributed generation (DG) offers new chances in grid restoration of low-voltage distribution grids. Instead of relying on the transmission or high- and medium-voltage levels, establishing islanding operation in low-voltage grids might be a good option after a wide...... of the Master can be balanced by other DG inverters. The control strategy ensures the tracking of nominal values of the system voltage and frequency without zero steady-state error. The influences of non-controllable DG are also taken into account in the strategy with an effective countermeasure developed...

  2. Short circuit analysis of distribution system with integration of DG

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Su, Chi; Liu, Zhou; Chen, Zhe

    2014-01-01

    and as a result bring challenges to the network protection system. This problem has been frequently discussed in the literature, but mostly considering only the balanced fault situation. This paper presents an investigation on the influence of full converter based wind turbine (WT) integration on fault currents......Integration of distributed generation (DG) such as wind turbines into distribution system is increasing all around the world, because of the flexible and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, DG integration may change the pattern of the fault currents in the distribution system...... during both balanced and unbalanced faults. Major factors such as external grid short circuit power capacity, WT integration location, connection type of WT integration transformer are taken into account. In turn, the challenges brought to the protection system in the distribution network are presented...

  3. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF A DG INTEGRATED SYSTEM: CASE STUDY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ch. V. S. S. SAILAJA

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available Distributed Generation is capable of meeting the load of the consumers partially or completely. Depending on the type of DG involved it can be operated in interconnected mode and islanded mode. The availability of numerous alternatives present for the DG technologies and large initial investments necessitates a detailed cost benefit analysis for the implementation of DG technologies. In this work an attempt has been made to study the costs involved in implementing the DG technologies. A practical system having two kinds of distributed generation i.e., Diesel Generator and solar photovoltaic system for its back up purpose is considered. A detailed cost analysis of the two DG technologies is carried out.

  4. CosmosDG: An hp-adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin Code for Hyper-resolved Relativistic MHD

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anninos, Peter; Bryant, Colton; Fragile, P. Chris; Holgado, A. Miguel; Lau, Cheuk; Nemergut, Daniel

    2017-08-01

    We have extended Cosmos++, a multidimensional unstructured adaptive mesh code for solving the covariant Newtonian and general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, to accommodate both discrete finite volume and arbitrarily high-order finite element structures. The new finite element implementation, called CosmosDG, is based on a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) formulation, using both entropy-based artificial viscosity and slope limiting procedures for the regularization of shocks. High-order multistage forward Euler and strong-stability preserving Runge-Kutta time integration options complement high-order spatial discretization. We have also added flexibility in the code infrastructure allowing for both adaptive mesh and adaptive basis order refinement to be performed separately or simultaneously in a local (cell-by-cell) manner. We discuss in this report the DG formulation and present tests demonstrating the robustness, accuracy, and convergence of our numerical methods applied to special and general relativistic MHD, although we note that an equivalent capability currently also exists in CosmosDG for Newtonian systems.

  5. CosmosDG: An hp -adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin Code for Hyper-resolved Relativistic MHD

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anninos, Peter; Lau, Cheuk [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550 (United States); Bryant, Colton [Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois, 60208 (United States); Fragile, P. Chris [Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC 29424 (United States); Holgado, A. Miguel [Department of Astronomy and National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801 (United States); Nemergut, Daniel [Operations and Engineering Division, Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 (United States)

    2017-08-01

    We have extended Cosmos++, a multidimensional unstructured adaptive mesh code for solving the covariant Newtonian and general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, to accommodate both discrete finite volume and arbitrarily high-order finite element structures. The new finite element implementation, called CosmosDG, is based on a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) formulation, using both entropy-based artificial viscosity and slope limiting procedures for the regularization of shocks. High-order multistage forward Euler and strong-stability preserving Runge–Kutta time integration options complement high-order spatial discretization. We have also added flexibility in the code infrastructure allowing for both adaptive mesh and adaptive basis order refinement to be performed separately or simultaneously in a local (cell-by-cell) manner. We discuss in this report the DG formulation and present tests demonstrating the robustness, accuracy, and convergence of our numerical methods applied to special and general relativistic MHD, although we note that an equivalent capability currently also exists in CosmosDG for Newtonian systems.

  6. CosmosDG: An hp -adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin Code for Hyper-resolved Relativistic MHD

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anninos, Peter; Lau, Cheuk; Bryant, Colton; Fragile, P. Chris; Holgado, A. Miguel; Nemergut, Daniel

    2017-01-01

    We have extended Cosmos++, a multidimensional unstructured adaptive mesh code for solving the covariant Newtonian and general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations, to accommodate both discrete finite volume and arbitrarily high-order finite element structures. The new finite element implementation, called CosmosDG, is based on a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) formulation, using both entropy-based artificial viscosity and slope limiting procedures for the regularization of shocks. High-order multistage forward Euler and strong-stability preserving Runge–Kutta time integration options complement high-order spatial discretization. We have also added flexibility in the code infrastructure allowing for both adaptive mesh and adaptive basis order refinement to be performed separately or simultaneously in a local (cell-by-cell) manner. We discuss in this report the DG formulation and present tests demonstrating the robustness, accuracy, and convergence of our numerical methods applied to special and general relativistic MHD, although we note that an equivalent capability currently also exists in CosmosDG for Newtonian systems.

  7. An improved current control scheme for grid-connected DG unit based distribution system harmonic compensation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    He, Jinwei; Wei Li, Yun; Wang, Xiongfei

    2013-01-01

    In order to utilize DG unit interfacing converters to actively compensate distribution system harmonics, this paper proposes an enhanced current control approach. It seamlessly integrates system harmonic mitigation capabilities with the primary DG power generation function. As the proposed current...... controller has two well decoupled control branches to independently control fundamental and harmonic DG currents, phase-locked loops (PLL) and system harmonic component extractions can be avoided during system harmonic compensation. Moreover, a closed-loop power control scheme is also employed to derive...... the fundamental current reference. The proposed power control scheme effectively eliminates the impacts of steady-state fundamental current tracking errors in the DG units. Thus, an accurate power control is realized even when the harmonic compensation functions are activated. Experimental results from a single...

  8. Dgroup: DG00979 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00979 Chemical ... DGroup Pirisudanol ... D07347 ... Pirisudanol (INN) D08390 ... Pirisudanol dimaleate Neuropsychia...tric agent ... DG01972 ... Nootropic ATC code: N06BX08 Nervous system stimulant ...

  9. Dgroup: DG00980 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00980 Chemical ... DGroup Nizofenone ... D08280 ... Nizofenone (INN) D01465 ... Nizofenone fumarate (JAN) Neuropsych...iatric agent ... DG01972 ... Nootropic ATC code: N06BX10 Nervous system stimulant ...

  10. A novel family of DG methods for diffusion problems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Johnson, Philip; Johnsen, Eric

    2017-11-01

    We describe and demonstrate a novel family of numerical schemes for handling elliptic/parabolic PDE behavior within the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) framework. Starting from the mixed-form approach commonly applied for handling diffusion (examples include Local DG and BR2), the new schemes apply the Recovery concept of Van Leer to handle cell interface terms. By applying recovery within the mixed-form approach, we have designed multiple schemes that show better accuracy than other mixed-form approaches while being more flexible and easier to implement than the Recovery DG schemes of Van Leer. While typical mixed-form approaches converge at rate 2p in the cell-average or functional error norms (where p is the order of the solution polynomial), many of our approaches achieve order 2p +2 convergence. In this talk, we will describe multiple schemes, including both compact and non-compact implementations; the compact approaches use only interface-connected neighbors to form the residual for each element, while the non-compact approaches add one extra layer to the stencil. In addition to testing the schemes on purely parabolic PDE problems, we apply them to handle the diffusive flux terms in advection-diffusion systems, such as the compressible Navier-Stokes equations.

  11. A multi-objective control strategy for grid connection of DG (distributed generation) resources

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Pouresmaeil, Edris; Montesinos-Miracle, Daniel; Bergas-Jane, Joan [Centre d' Innovacio Tecnologica en Convertidors Estatics i Accionaments (CITCEA-UPC), Departament d' Enginyeria Electrica, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, ETS d' Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (Spain); Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol [Centre d' Innovacio Tecnologica en Convertidors Estatics i Accionaments (CITCEA-UPC), Departament d' Enginyeria Electrica, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, ETS d' Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (Spain); Catalonia Institute for Energy Research IREC, Barcelona (Spain)

    2010-12-15

    This paper presents a flexible control technique for connection of DG (distributed generation) resources to distribution networks, especially during ride-through on faulty grid. This strategy is derived from the abc/{alpha}{beta} and {alpha}{beta}/dq transformations of the ac system variables. The active and reactive currents injected by the DG source are controlled in the synchronously rotating orthogonal dq reference frame. The transformed variables are used to control the VSI (voltage source inverter) which connects the DG to the distribution network. Using a P.L.L. (phase locked loop) in circuit of proposed control technique, the angle of positive sequence has been detected, in order to synchronize the currents to the distribution network. The proposed control technique has the capability of providing active and reactive powers and harmonic currents to nonlinear loads with a fast dynamic response. Simulation results and mathematical analysis have been completed in order to achieve a reduced THD (total harmonic distortion), increased power factor and compensated load's active and reactive powers. The analyses show the high performance of this control strategy in DG applications in comparison with other existing strategies. (author)

  12. Dgroup: DG01377 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available P17) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01837 ... Barbiturate sedative-hypnotics ... DG01567 ... GABA-A receptor agonist ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics... ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02025 ... Barbiturate anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics... ... DG02025 ... Barbiturate anesthetics ... DG02025 ... Barbiturate anesthetics ... Ba

  13. Facilitated charge transport in ternary interconnected electrodes for flexible supercapacitors with excellent power characteristics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Wanjun; He, Yongmin; Li, Xiaodong; Zhou, Jinyuan; Zhang, Zhenxing; Zhao, Changhui; Gong, Chengshi; Li, Shuankui; Pan, Xiaojun; Xie, Erqing

    2013-11-01

    Flexible and high performance supercapacitors are very critical in modern society. In order to develop the flexible supercapacitors with high power density, free-standing and flexible three-dimensional graphene/carbon nanotubes/MnO2 (3DG/CNTs/MnO2) composite electrodes with interconnected ternary 3D structures were fabricated, and the fast electron and ion transport channels were effectively constructed in the rationally designed electrodes. Consequently, the obtained 3DG/CNTs/MnO2 composite electrodes exhibit superior specific capacitance and rate capability compared to 3DG/MnO2 electrodes. Furthermore, the 3DG/CNTs/MnO2 based asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates the maximum energy and power densities of 33.71 W h kg-1 and up to 22 727.3 W kg-1, respectively. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits excellent cycling stability with 95.3% of the specific capacitance maintained after 1000 cycle tests. Our proposed synthesis strategy to construct the novel ternary 3D structured electrodes can be efficiently applied to other high performance energy storage/conversion systems.Flexible and high performance supercapacitors are very critical in modern society. In order to develop the flexible supercapacitors with high power density, free-standing and flexible three-dimensional graphene/carbon nanotubes/MnO2 (3DG/CNTs/MnO2) composite electrodes with interconnected ternary 3D structures were fabricated, and the fast electron and ion transport channels were effectively constructed in the rationally designed electrodes. Consequently, the obtained 3DG/CNTs/MnO2 composite electrodes exhibit superior specific capacitance and rate capability compared to 3DG/MnO2 electrodes. Furthermore, the 3DG/CNTs/MnO2 based asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates the maximum energy and power densities of 33.71 W h kg-1 and up to 22 727.3 W kg-1, respectively. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits excellent cycling stability with 95.3% of the specific capacitance maintained

  14. Dgroup: DG00793 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available anil citrate (USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02026 ... Opioid anesthetics... ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02026 ... Opioid anesthetics ... DG01564 ... Opioid receptor a...gonist ... DG01563 ... mu-Opioid receptor agonist Analgesic ... DG01984 ... Opioid analgesics ATC code: N01AH03 General anesthetics OPRM1 [HSA:4988] [KO:K04215] ...

  15. Dgroup: DG00795 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available tanil hydrochloride (JAN/USAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics... ... DG02026 ... Opioid anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02026 ... Opioid anesthetics ... DG01564 ... Opioi

  16. Dgroup: DG00789 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hohexital sodium (USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01837 ... Barbiturate sedative-hypnotics ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics... ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02025 ... Barbiturate anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG020...25 ... Barbiturate anesthetics ... DG02025 ... Barbiturate anesthetics ATC code: N01AF01 N05CA15 General anesthetics ...

  17. Dgroup: DG00790 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available (JP17/USP/INN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01837 ... Barbiturate sedative-hypnotics ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... D...G02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02025 ... Barbiturate anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02025 ... Barbiturate anesthetics... ... DG02025 ... Barbiturate anesthetics ATC code: N01AF03 N05CA19 General anesthetics ...

  18. Dgroup: DG00807 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available evobupivacaine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic... ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic... Cyp substrate ... DG01892 ... CYP1A2 substrate ... DG01633 ... CYP3A substrate ATC code: N01BB10 Anesthetic

  19. Dgroup: DG01718 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01718 DGroup Drugs for addictive disorder ... DG01715 ... Drugs for nicotine dependence ... DG00994 ... Nicotine ... D03365 ... Nicotine (USP) ... D05156 ... Nicotine bitartrate (USAN) ... D05157 ... Nicotine polacrilex (USAN) ... DG00995 ... Varenicline ... D08669 ... Varenicline (INN) ... D06282 ... Varenicline tartrate (JAN/USAN) ... DG01716 ... Drugs for alcohol dependence ... DG00996 ... Acamprosate ... D07058 ... Acamprosate (INN) ... D02780 ... Acamprosate calcium (JAN/USAN) ... DG00997 ... Naltrexone ... D05113 ... Naltrexone (USAN/INN) ... D02095 ... Naltrexone hydrochloride (USP) ... DG00998 ... Nalmefene ... D05111 ... Nalmefene (USAN/INN) ... D02104 ... Nalmefene hydrochloride ... D10812 ... Nalmefene hydrochloride hydrate (JAN) ... DG01756 ... Ondelopran ... D10143 ... Ondelopran (USAN/INN) ... D10144 ... Ondelopran hydrochloride (USAN) ... D00123 ... Cyanamide (JP17) ... D00131 ... Disulfiram (JP17/USP/INN) ... D03288 ... Calcium carbimide (INN) DG01717 ... Drugs for opioid dependence ... DG00820 ... Buprenorphine ... D07132 ... Buprenorphine (JAN/INN) ... D00836 ... Buprenorphine hydrochloride (JP17/USP) ... DG00999 ... Methadone ... D08195 ... Methadone (BAN) ... D02102 ... Methadone hydrochloride (JAN/USP) ... DG01000 ... Levacetylmethadol ... D04716 ... Levomethadyl acetate (USAN); Levacetylmethadol (INN) ... D00840 ... Levomethadyl acetate hydrochloride (USAN) ... DG01001 ... Lofexidine ... D08141 ... Lofexidine (INN) ... D04765 ... Lofexidine hydrochloride (USAN) ... DG01002 ... Levomethadone ... D08121 ... Levomethadone (INN) ... D08122 ... Levomethadone hydrochloride ... DG01003 ... Diamorphine ... D07286 ... Diamorphine (BAN) ... D07810 ... Diacetylmorphine hydrochloride ... D10250 ... Buprenorphine - naloxone mixt ... DG01151 ... Nalorphine ... D08247 ... Nalorphine (INN) ... D08248 ... Nalorphine hydrochloride (USP) ... DG01155 ... Naloxone ... D08249 ... Naloxone (INN) ... D01340 ... Naloxone hydrochloride (JP17/USP

  20. Facilitated charge transport in ternary interconnected electrodes for flexible supercapacitors with excellent power characteristics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Wanjun; He, Yongmin; Li, Xiaodong; Zhou, Jinyuan; Zhang, Zhenxing; Zhao, Changhui; Gong, Chengshi; Li, Shuankui; Pan, Xiaojun; Xie, Erqing

    2013-12-07

    Flexible and high performance supercapacitors are very critical in modern society. In order to develop the flexible supercapacitors with high power density, free-standing and flexible three-dimensional graphene/carbon nanotubes/MnO2 (3DG/CNTs/MnO2) composite electrodes with interconnected ternary 3D structures were fabricated, and the fast electron and ion transport channels were effectively constructed in the rationally designed electrodes. Consequently, the obtained 3DG/CNTs/MnO2 composite electrodes exhibit superior specific capacitance and rate capability compared to 3DG/MnO2 electrodes. Furthermore, the 3DG/CNTs/MnO2 based asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrates the maximum energy and power densities of 33.71 W h kg(-1) and up to 22,727.3 W kg(-1), respectively. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits excellent cycling stability with 95.3% of the specific capacitance maintained after 1000 cycle tests. Our proposed synthesis strategy to construct the novel ternary 3D structured electrodes can be efficiently applied to other high performance energy storage/conversion systems.

  1. Optimal DG placement in deregulated electricity market

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gautam, Durga; Mithulananthan, Nadarajah

    2007-01-01

    This paper presents two new methodologies for optimal placement of distributed generation (DG) in an optimal power flow (OPF) based wholesale electricity market. DG is assumed to participate in real time wholesale electricity market. The problem of optimal placement, including size, is formulated for two different objectives, namely, social welfare maximization and profit maximization. The candidate locations for DG placement are identified on the basis of locational marginal price (LMP). Obtained as lagrangian multiplier associated with active power flow equation for each node, LMP gives the short run marginal cost (SRMC) of electricity. Consumer payment, evaluated as a product of LMP and load at each load bus, is proposed as another ranking to identify candidate nodes for DG placement. The proposed rankings bridges engineering aspects of system operation and economic aspects of market operation and act as good indicators for the placement of DG, especially in a market environment. In order to provide a scenario of variety of DGs available in the market, several cost characteristics are assumed. For each DG cost characteristic, an optimal placement and size is identified for each of the objectives. The proposed methodology is tested in a modified IEEE 14 bus test system. (author)

  2. Dgroup: DG00792 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hydrochloride (USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02026 ... Opioid anesthetics... ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02026 ... Opioid anesthetics ... DG01564 ... Opioid receptor ...agonist ... DG01563 ... mu-Opioid receptor agonist ATC code: N01AH02 General anesthetics OPRM1 [HSA:4988] [KO:K04215] Enzyme: CYP3A [HSA:1576 1577 1551] ...

  3. Dgroup: DG00803 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available JAN) D01243 ... Prilocaine hydrochloride (USP); Propitocaine hydrochloride (JAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetic...s ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic... ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic Other ... DG01575 ... Calcium channel block...er ... DG01573 ... Calcium channel T type blocker ATC code: N01BB04 Local anesthetics voltage-gated Ca2+ channel

  4. Dgroup: DG00299 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available (INN) ... D08311 ... Oxetacaine hydrochloride Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic... ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic... Gastrointestinal agent ... DG01975 ... Agents for peptic ulcer ATC code: C05AD06 Anesthetic

  5. Dgroup: DG01546 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hydrochloride Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic... ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic ... Local anesthetics ...

  6. Dgroup: DG00734 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00734 Chemical ... DGroup Tamoxifen ... D08559 ... Tamoxifen (INN) D00966 ... Tamoxifen cit...rate (JP17/USP) ... Antineoplastic ... DG01585 ... Estrogen receptor antagonist Other ... DG01619 ... Clomifene and tamox...ifen derivative ... DG01620 ... Tamoxifene-type antineoplastic Cyp substrate ... DG01892 ... CYP1A2 substrate ... DG01642

  7. Dgroup: DG01002 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available gonist ... DG01563 ... mu-Opioid receptor agonist Analgesic ... DG01984 ... Opioid analgesics Other ... DG01718 ... Drugs for... addictive disorder ... DG01717 ... Drugs for opioid dependence Cyp substrate ... DG01633

  8. Dgroup: DG00999 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available agonist ... DG01563 ... mu-Opioid receptor agonist Analgesic ... DG01984 ... Opioid analgesics Other ... DG01718 ... Drugs fo...r addictive disorder ... DG01717 ... Drugs for opioid dependence Cyp substrate ... DG0163

  9. Dgroup: DG00806 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ne hydrochloride (USP); Ropivacaine hydrochloride hydrate (JAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetic...s ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesth...etic Cyp substrate ... DG01892 ... CYP1A2 substrate ATC code: N01BB09 Anesthetic

  10. Dgroup: DG00801 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available OMT substrate Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic... ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic... Cyp substrate ... DG01633 ... CYP3A substrate ATC code: N01BB01 Local anesthetics Xylidine SCN1A [HSA:6323] [K

  11. Dgroup: DG00791 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available tanyl citrate (JP17/USP) ... D10811 ... Fentanyl hydrochloride (JAN) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetic...s ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02026 ... Opioid anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02026 ... Opioid anesthetic

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    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ridine hydrochloride (USP) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02026 ... Opioid anesthetics... ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02026 ... Opioid anesthetics ATC code: N01AH05 General anesthetics ...

  13. Dgroup: DG00686 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Cytarabine ocfosphate hydrate (JAN) ... D03637 ... Cytarabine hydrochloride (USAN) Antineoplastic ... DG01958 ... Nuc...leic acid derivative, antineoplastic ... DG01439 ... Arabinofuranosyl type antineoplastic ... DG01439 ... Arabinofuranosyl type antineoplastic...acid derivative, antineoplastic ... DG01439 ... Arabinofuranosyl type antineoplastic ATC code: L01BC01 Antineoplastics, Antimetabolite DNA polymerase ... ... Unclassified ... DG02018 ... Antimetabolite ... DG01958 ... Nucleic

  14. Dgroup: DG01994 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available D04237 ... Fluroxene (USAN) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02028 ... Inhalational anaesth...etics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02028 ... Inhalational anaesthetics ATC code: N01AB Inhalation anesthetic ...

  15. Dgroup: DG00800 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available oroprocaine hydrochloride (USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... ... DG01674 ... Esterified local anesthetic ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01674 ... Esterified local anesthetic ATC code: N01BA04 Anestheti

  16. Dgroup: DG00687 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 974 ... Fluorouracil sodium salt Antineoplastic ... DG01958 ... Nucleic acid derivative, antineoplastic ... DG01935 ... Fluoropyrimidine antineopla...stic ... DG01935 ... Fluoropyrimidine antineoplastic Unclassified ... DG02018 ... Antimetabolit...e ... DG01958 ... Nucleic acid derivative, antineoplastic ... DG01935 ... Fluoropyrimidine antineoplastic... ATC code: L01BC02 Antineoplastics, Antimetabolite TYMS [HSA:7298] [KO:K00560] Enzyme: DPYD [HSA:1806] ...

  17. Dgroup: DG00804 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available aine hydrochloride Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic... ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic ATC code: N01BB07 Local anesthetic

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    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available rochloride (USAN) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic... ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic ATC code: N01BB08 Local anesthetic

  19. Dgroup: DG02025 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02025 DGroup Barbiturate anesthetics ... DG00789 ... Methohexital ... D04985 ... Methohexit...iamylal sodium (JP17) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics... ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ATC code: N01AF General anesthetics ...

  20. Dynamic Rupture Benchmarking of the ADER-DG Method

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gabriel, Alice; Pelties, Christian

    2013-04-01

    We will verify the arbitrary high-order derivative Discontinuous Galerkin (ADER-DG) method in various test cases of the 'SCEC/USGS Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Code Verification Exercise' benchmark suite (Harris et al. 2009). The ADER-DG scheme is able to solve the spontaneous rupture problem with high-order accuracy in space and time on three-dimensional unstructured tetrahedral meshes. Strong mesh coarsening or refinement at areas of interest can be applied to keep the computational costs feasible. Moreover, the method does not generate spurious high-frequency contributions in the slip rate spectra and therefore does not require any artificial damping as demonstrated in previous presentations and publications (Pelties et al. 2010 and 2012). We will show that the mentioned features hold also for more advanced setups as e.g. a branching fault system, heterogeneous background stresses and bimaterial faults. The advanced geometrical flexibility combined with an enhanced accuracy will make the ADER-DG method a useful tool to study earthquake dynamics on complex fault systems in realistic rheologies. References: Harris, R.A., M. Barall, R. Archuleta, B. Aagaard, J.-P. Ampuero, H. Bhat, V. Cruz-Atienza, L. Dalguer, P. Dawson, S. Day, B. Duan, E. Dunham, G. Ely, Y. Kaneko, Y. Kase, N. Lapusta, Y. Liu, S. Ma, D. Oglesby, K. Olsen, A. Pitarka, S. Song, and E. Templeton, The SCEC/USGS Dynamic Earthquake Rupture Code Verification Exercise, Seismological Research Letters, vol. 80, no. 1, pages 119-126, 2009 Pelties, C., J. de la Puente, and M. Kaeser, Dynamic Rupture Modeling in Three Dimensions on Unstructured Meshes Using a Discontinuous Galerkin Method, AGU 2010 Fall Meeting, abstract #S21C-2068 Pelties, C., J. de la Puente, J.-P. Ampuero, G. Brietzke, and M. Kaeser, Three-Dimensional Dynamic Rupture Simulation with a High-order Discontinuous Galerkin Method on Unstructured Tetrahedral Meshes, JGR. - Solid Earth, VOL. 117, B02309, 2012

  1. Dgroup: DG00808 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ride (JP17/USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01674 ... Esterified local anesthetic... ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01674 ... Esterified local anesthetic Cyp inhibitor ... DG0...1645 ... CYP2D6 inhibitor ATC code: N01BC01 R02AD03 S01HA01 S02DA02 Anesthetic (topi

  2. Dgroup: DG00688 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available itabine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN) ... D10222 ... Gemcitabine elaidate (USAN/INN) Antineoplastic ... DG01958 ... Nucleic... acid derivative, antineoplastic ... DG01439 ... Arabinofuranosyl type antineoplastic ... DG01439 ... Arabinofuranosyl type antineoplastic...ic ... DG01439 ... Arabinofuranosyl type antineoplastic ATC code: L01BC05 Antineoplastics, Antimetabolite RRM1 [HSA:6240] [KO:K10807] ... ... Unclassified ... DG02018 ... Antimetabolite ... DG01958 ... Nucleic acid derivative, antineoplast

  3. Dgroup: DG01674 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01674 DGroup Esterified local anesthetic -caine ... C17723 ... Metabutethamine DG00298...oride (JP17/USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ATC code: N01BA N01BC Local anesthetic ...

  4. Dgroup: DG00685 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ne phosphate (JAN/USP) ... Antineoplastic ... DG01958 ... Nucleic acid derivative, antineoplastic ... DG01439 ... Arabin...ofuranosyl type antineoplastic ... DG01439 ... Arabinofuranosyl type antineoplastic Unclassified ... DG02018 ... Antimet...abolite ... DG01958 ... Nucleic acid derivative, antineoplastic ... DG01439 ... Arabinofuranosyl type antineoplasti...c ATC code: L01BB05 Antineoplastics, Antimetabolite RRM [HSA:6240 6241 50484] [KO:K10807 K10808] DNA polymerase RNA polymerase ...

  5. Dgroup: DG02028 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02028 DGroup Inhalational anaesthetics ... D01772 ... Ether (JP17/USP) DG01994 ... Halog... ... D00102 ... Nitrous oxide (JP17/USP) ... D03841 ... Nitrous oxide - oxygen Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetic...s ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... General anesthetics ...

  6. Dgroup: DG00112 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00112 Chemical ... DGroup Phenformin ... D08351 ... Phenformin (BAN) D08352 ... Phenformin hydrochloride Antidiabeti...c agent ... DG01685 ... Insulin sensitizer ... DG01684 ... Biguanide antidiabetic Cyp substrat...e ... DG01644 ... CYP2D6 substrate Unclassified ... DG02044 ... Hypoglycemics ... DG01684 ... Biguanide antidiabetic ATC code...: A10BA01 Biganide antidiabetics AMPK (PRKAA) [HSA:5562 5563] [KO:K07198] Enzyme: CYP2D6 [HSA:1565] ...

  7. Dgroup: DG02026 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02026 DGroup Opioid anesthetics ... DG00791 ... Fentanyl ... D00320 ... Fentanyl (JAN/USAN/... ... D08473 ... Remifentanil (INN) ... D01177 ... Remifentanil hydrochloride (JAN/USAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetic...s ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ATC code: N01AH General anesthetics Phenylpiperidine derivative ...

  8. Optimal placement and sizing of wind / solar based DG sources in distribution system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guan, Wanlin; Guo, Niao; Yu, Chunlai; Chen, Xiaoguang; Yu, Haiyang; Liu, Zhipeng; Cui, Jiapeng

    2017-06-01

    Proper placement and sizing of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution system can obtain maximum potential benefits. This paper proposes quantum particle swarm algorithm (QPSO) based wind turbine generation unit (WTGU) and photovoltaic (PV) array placement and sizing approach for real power loss reduction and voltage stability improvement of distribution system. Performance modeling of wind and solar generation system are described and classified into PQ\\PQ (V)\\PI type models in power flow. Considering the WTGU and PV based DGs in distribution system is geographical restrictive, the optimal area and DG capacity limits of each bus in the setting area need to be set before optimization, the area optimization method is proposed . The method has been tested on IEEE 33-bus radial distribution systems to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed method.

  9. Flexible Compensation of Voltage and Current Unbalance and Harmonics in Microgrids

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Seyyed Yousef Mousazadeh Mousavi

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available In recent years, the harmonics and unbalance problems endanger the voltage and current quality of power systems, due to increasing usage of nonlinear and unbalanced loads. Use of Distributed Generation (DG-interfacing inverters is proposed for voltage or current compensation. In this paper, a flexible control method is proposed to compensate voltage and current unbalance and harmonics using the distributed generation (DG-interfacing inverters. This method is applicable to both grid-connected and islanded Microgrids (MGs. In the proposed method, not only the proper control of active and reactive powers can be achieved, but also there is flexibility in compensating the voltage or current quality problems at DG terminals or Points of Common Coupling (PCCs. This control strategy consists of active and reactive power controllers and a voltage/current quality-improvement block. The controller is designed in a stationary (αβ frame. An extensive simulation study has been performed and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Depending on the compensation modes, the harmonics and unbalance compensation of DG output current, MG-injected current to the grid, as well as PCC and DG voltages, can be achieved in grid-connected operation of MG while in the islanded operation, and the PCC and DG voltages compensation can be obtained through the proposed control scheme.

  10. Dgroup: DG01684 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01684 DGroup Biguanide antidiabetic -formin DG01684.gif DG00112 ... Phenformin ... D08... hydrochloride (JP17) ... D04103 ... Etoformin hydrochloride (USAN) Antidiabetic agen...t ... DG01685 ... Insulin sensitizer Unclassified ... DG02044 ... Hypoglycemics ATC code: A10BA Antidiabetics AMPK (PRKAA) [HSA:5562 5563] [KO:K07198] ...

  11. Dgroup: DG01000 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available pioid receptor agonist ... DG01563 ... mu-Opioid receptor agonist Analgesic ... DG01984 ... Opioid analgesics Other ... DG01718 ... Drugs... for addictive disorder ... DG01717 ... Drugs for opioid dependence Cyp su

  12. Dgroup: DG00298 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hloride (JP17/USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01674 ... Esterified local anestheti...c ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01674 ... Esterified local anesthetic ATC code: C05AD05 N01BA02 S01HA05 Anesth...etic (local) Ester-type SCN1A [HSA:6323] [KO:K04833] SCN

  13. Dgroup: DG00296 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ine hydrochloride (JP17/USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... ...DG01674 ... Esterified local anesthetic ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01674 ... Esterified local anesthetic ATC c...ode: C05AD02 D04AB06 N01BA03 S01HA03 Anesthetic (local) Ester-type SCN1A [HSA:632

  14. Dgroup: DG00113 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available n hydrochloride (JP17/USP) ... Antidiabetic agent ... DG01685 ... Insulin sensitizer ... DG01684 ... Biguanide antidiabetic... Unclassified ... DG02044 ... Hypoglycemics ... DG01684 ... Biguanide antidiabetic ATC code: A10BA02 Biganide antidiabetic

  15. Dgroup: DG01683 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available /INN) D05739 ... Rivoglitazone (USAN/INN) Antidiabetic agent ... DG01685 ... Insulin sensitizer ... DG01795 ... PPAR gamma... agonist Other ... DG01733 ... PPAR agonist Unclassified ... DG02044 ... Hypoglycemics ATC code: A10BG Antidiabetic

  16. Multi-objective PSO based optimal placement of solar power DG in radial distribution system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mahesh Kumar

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available Ever increasing trend of electricity demand, fossil fuel depletion and environmental issues request the integration of renewable energy into the distribution system. The optimal planning of renewable distributed generation (DG is much essential for ensuring maximum benefits. Hence, this paper proposes the optimal placement of probabilistic based solar power DG into the distribution system. The two objective functions such as power loss reduction and voltage stability index improvement are optimized. The power balance and voltage limits are kept as constraints of the problem. The non-sorting pare to-front based multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO technique is proposed on standard IEEE 33 radial distribution test system.

  17. Dgroup: DG00297 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ine (INN) D02220 ... Dibucaine hydrochloride (JP17/USP) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic... ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01673 ... Amide type local anesthetic... ATC code: C05AD04 D04AB02 N01BB06 S01HA06 S02DA04 Anesthetic (loc

  18. Dgroup: DG01458 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01458 DGroup Carbapenem -penem DG01458.gif DG00591 ... Meropenem ... D08185 ... Meropenem (INN) ... D02222 ... Meropene...m (USP); Meropenem hydrate (JP17) ... DG00592 ... Ertapenem ... D07908 ... Ertapenem (INN) ... D04049 ... Ertapene...m sodium (USAN) ... DG00593 ... Doripenem ... D03895 ... Doripenem (USAN/INN) ... D01836 ... Doripenem hydr...ate (JAN) ... DG01212 ... Imipenem ... D04515 ... Imipenem (INN) ... D00206 ... Imipenem (USP); Imipene...m hydrate (JP17) D01048 ... Panipenem (JP17/INN) D01057 ... Biapenem (JAN/USAN/INN) ... D01058 ... Lenapenem hyd

  19. Dgroup: DG00797 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available propofol disodium (USAN) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01567 ... GABA-A receptor agonist ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetic...s ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ATC code: N01AX10 General anesthetics GABRA/GABRB/G

  20. Dgroup: DG01486 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01486 DGroup Penem -penem DG01486.gif DG00594 ... Faropenem ... D01839 ... Faropenem sodi...um hydrate (JP17) ... D08919 ... Faropenem medoxomil (USAN) DG01213 ... Sulopenem ... D05969 ... Sulopenem (USAN/INN) ... D09672 ... Sulopene

  1. Dgroup: DG00861 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ne D1-receptor agonist ... DG01468 ... Dopamine D2-receptor agonist ... DG01964 ... Ergot alkaloid ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson... agent Cyp substrate ... DG01644 ... CYP2D6 substrate ATC code: N04BC02 Antiparkinson

  2. Dgroup: DG00452 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available nist ... DG01468 ... Dopamine D2-receptor agonist ... DG01964 ... Ergot alkaloid ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson agent Cyp subs...trate ... DG01633 ... CYP3A substrate ATC code: G02CB01 N04BC01 Antiparkinsonian, Dopam

  3. Dgroup: DG00114 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ydrochloride (JP17) ... Antidiabetic agent ... DG01685 ... Insulin sensitizer ... DG01684 ... Biguanide antidiabetic Unc...lassified ... DG02044 ... Hypoglycemics ... DG01684 ... Biguanide antidiabetic ATC code: A10BA03 Biganide antidiabetics AMPK (PRKAA) [HSA:5562 5563] [KO:K07198] ...

  4. Dgroup: DG00982 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available or ... DG01968 ... Agents for Alzheimer-type dementia Cyp substrate ... DG01892 ... CYP1A2 substrate ATC code: N06DA01 Anti-Alzheimer...ride (USP) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01595 ... Cholinesterase inhibitor ... DG01593 ... Acetylcholinesterase inhibit

  5. CONTEMPT-DG containment analysis code

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Deem, R.E.; Rousseau, K.

    1982-01-01

    The assessment of hydrogen burning in a containment building during a degraded core event requires a knowledge of various system responses. These system responses (i.e. heat sinks, fan cooler units, sprays, etc.) can have a marked effect on the overall containment integrity results during a hydrogen burn. In an attempt to properly handle the various system responses and still retain the capability to perform sensitivity analysis on various parameters, the CONTEMPT-DG computer code was developed. This paper will address the historical development of the code, its various features, and the rationale for its development. Comparisons between results from the CONTEMPT-DG analyses and results from similar MARCH analyses will also be given

  6. Dgroup: DG01212 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01212 Chemical ... DGroup Imipenem ... D04515 ... Imipenem (INN) D00206 ... Imipenem (USP); Imipene...m hydrate (JP17) Antibacterial ... DG01710 ... beta-Lactam antibiotic ... DG01713 ... Penicillin skeleton group ... DG01458 ... Carbapene...m ... beta-Lactam antibiotics, carbapenem penicillin binding protein ...

  7. Dgroup: DG00835 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available thysergide maleate (USP) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01483 ... 5-HT1A-receptor agonist ... DG01964 ... Ergot alkaloid ... DG01982 ... Antimigraine...agonist ... DG01518 ... 5-HT1B/1D-receptor agonist ATC code: N02CA04 Vasoconstrictor, Antimigraine

  8. Dgroup: DG00684 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00684 Chemical ... DGroup Tioguanine ... D08603 ... Tioguanine (INN) D06109 ... Thioguanine (USP) ... Antineoplastic... ... DG01958 ... Nucleic acid derivative, antineoplastic Unclassified ... DG02018 ... Antimetabo...lite ... DG01958 ... Nucleic acid derivative, antineoplastic ATC code: L01BB03 Antineoplastics, Antimetabolite ...

  9. Dgroup: DG01284 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available liptin succinate (JAN/USAN) ... Antidiabetic agent ... DG01601 ... DPP-4 inhibitor Cyp inhibitor ... DG01915 ... CYP3A5 i...nhibitor Unclassified ... DG02044 ... Hypoglycemics ... DG01601 ... DPP-4 inhibitor ... DPP4 inhibitor, antidiabetics DPP4 [HSA:1803] [KO:K01278] ...

  10. Dgroup: DG01716 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01716 DGroup Drugs for alcohol dependence ... DG00996 ... Acamprosate ... D07058 ... Acamprosate (INN) ... D02780 ... Acamprosate calcium (JAN/USAN) ... DG00997 ... Naltrexone ... D05113 ... Naltrexone (USAN/INN) ... D02095 ... Naltrexone hydrochloride (USP) ... DG00998 ... Nalmefene ... D05111 ... Nalmefene (USAN/INN) ... D02104 ... Nalmefene hydrochloride ... D10812 ... Nalmefene hydrochloride hydrate (JAN) DG01756 ... Ondelopran ... D10143 ... Ondelopran (USAN/INN) ... D10144 ... Ondelopran hydrochloride (USAN) D00123 ... Cyanamide (JP17) ... D00131 ... Disulfiram (JP17/USP/INN) ... D03288 ... Calcium carbimide (INN) Other ... DG01718 ... Drugs for addictive disorder ATC code: N07BB Drugs of addictive disorder ...

  11. Sensitivity analysis of smart grids reliability due to indirect cyber-power interdependencies under various DG technologies, DG penetrations, and operation times

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hashemi-Dezaki, Hamed; Agah, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi; Askarian-Abyaneh, Hossein; Haeri-Khiavi, Homayoun

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • A novel risk assessment method considering the ICPIs is proposed. • The protection and monitoring system as the ICPIs applications are studied. • The uncertainty of results is analyzed in addition to expected average results. • ICPIs impacts due to DG penetrations under various DG technologies are analyzed. • The well-being criteria have been provided in addition to reliability indices. - Abstract: The cyber failures such as failures in protection and monitoring systems will not stop the operation or change the behavior of the power system instantly but will adversely affect the performance of the power system against the potential failure. Such indirect cyber-power interdependencies (ICPIs) may either intensify the probability of future failures or postpone the repercussion to the present failure of the power elements. The much less effort has been devoted in literature to investigate the ICPIs impacts, particularly in stochastic simulating space. In this paper, a novel stochastic-based reliability evaluation method which considers the ICPIs impacts under various uncertain parameters is proposed. The consideration of uncertainty regarding the renewable distributed generation (DG) units, consumption patterns, power and cyber elements, and ICPIs is one of the most important contributions of the proposed method. Further, a novel stochastic-based state upgrading is introduced to concern the ICPIs of protection and monitoring systems. By using the proposed state upgrading methodology, it is possible to evaluate the reliability of smart grid based on ICPIs by using conventional reliability evaluation methods. The proposed risk assessment methodology is applied to an actual distribution grid. The several sensitivity studies are performed to gain insight into how the penetration level of DG units under various DG technology scenarios can affect the ICPIs impacts on the risk level of smart grid. The test results show that regardless of the DG

  12. Dgroup: DG00593 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00593 Chemical ... DGroup Doripenem ... D03895 ... Doripenem (USAN/INN) ... D01836 ... Doripene...m hydrate (JAN) ... Antibacterial ... DG01710 ... beta-Lactam antibiotic ... DG01713 ... Penicillin skeleton group ... DG01458 ... Carbapene...m ATC code: J01DH04 beta-Lactam antibiotics, carbapenem penicillin binding protein ...

  13. Dgroup: DG00592 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00592 Chemical ... DGroup Ertapenem ... D07908 ... Ertapenem (INN) D04049 ... Ertapenem sod...ium (USAN) ... Antibacterial ... DG01710 ... beta-Lactam antibiotic ... DG01713 ... Penicillin skeleton group ... DG01458 ... Carbapene...m ATC code: J01DH03 beta-Lactam antibiotics, carbapenem penicillin binding protein ...

  14. Dgroup: DG01282 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 601 ... DPP-4 inhibitor ... DPP4 inhibitor, antidiabetics DPP4 [HSA:1803] [KO:K01278] ... ...tin tartrate (USAN) Antidiabetic agent ... DG01601 ... DPP-4 inhibitor Unclassified ... DG02044 ... Hypoglycemics ... DG01... DG01282 Chemical ... DGroup Dutogliptin ... D09333 ... Dutogliptin (USAN) D09334 ... Dutoglip

  15. Dgroup: DG01382 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ne hydrochloride ethanolate (JAN) ... Cardiovascular agent ... DG01928 ... Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker ...Other ... DG01575 ... Calcium channel blocker ... DG01496 ... Calcium channel L type blocker ... DG01573 ... Calcium channel T type block...er ... Antihypertensive, calcium channel blocker CACNA1-L [HSA:775 776

  16. Dgroup: DG01272 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 45 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agent ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson agent ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson... agent ... Anticholinergics, antiparkinsonian agent CHRM [HSA:1128 1129 1131 1132 1133] [KO:K04129 K04130 K04131 K04132 K04133] ... ...ne hydrochloride (JAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01491 ... Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist ... DG017

  17. Dgroup: DG00796 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hloride (JP17/USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetic...s ... DG01498 ... NMDA receptor antagonist ATC code: N01AX03 General anesthetics GRIN (NMDAR) [HSA:2902 2903 2904 2905 2906] [KO:K05208 K05209 K05210 K05211 K05212] ...

  18. Dgroup: DG01620 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01620 DGroup Tamoxifene-type antineoplastic -ifen(e) ... DG00734 ... Tamoxifen ... D08559 ... Tam...oxifen (INN) ... D00966 ... Tamoxifen citrate (JP17/USP) ... DG00735 ... Toremifene ... D08620 ... Toremifene (INN) ... D0...USAN/INN) D09380 ... Sivifene (USAN/INN) Other ... DG01619 ... Clomifene and tamoxifen derivative ... Antiestrogens or e

  19. Dgroup: DG01600 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01600 DGroup Bisphosphonate -dronic acid, -dronate ... DG00780 ... Etidronic acid ... D02373 ... Etidron...ic acid (USAN/INN) ... D00314 ... Etidronate disodium (JP17/USP) ... DG00781 ... Clodronic acid ... D03545 ... Clodron...ic acid (USAN/INN) ... D03544 ... Clodronate disodium (USAN); Sodium clodronate hydrate (JAN) ... D07720 ... Clodron...ic acid disodium salt DG00782 ... Pamidronic acid ... D07281 ... Pamidronic acid (INN) ... D00941 ... Pamidron...ate disodium (USAN); Pamidronate disodium hydrate (JAN) ... DG00783 ... Alendronic acid ... D07119 ... Alendron

  20. Dgroup: DG01685 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01685 DGroup Insulin sensitizer ... DG01684 ... Biguanide antidiabetic ... DG00112 ... Phen...litazar (USAN/INN) ... D09350 ... Indeglitazar (USAN) Antidiabetic agent ... Antidiabetics ...

  1. Dgroup: DG00102 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hentermine hydrochloride (USP) ... Other ... DG01706 ... Antiobesity ... DG01705 ... Anoretic ... DG01704 ... Phenethylamine anorexic ATC code: A08AA01 Phenethylamine type anorexics ...

  2. Effect of Multi-DG Installation to Loss Reduction in Distribution System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nur Zahirah Mohd Ali

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Since last decade, Artificial Intelligence (AI methods have been used to solve complex DG problems because in most cases, they can provide global or near global solution. The major advantage of the AI methods is that they are relatively versatile for handling various qualitative constraints. AI methods mainly include Artificial Neural Network (ANN, Expert System (ES, Genetic Algorithm (GA, Evolutionary Programming (EP, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO. The purpose of this paper is to present a new technique, namely Adaptive Embedded Clonal Evolutionary Programming (AECEP. The objective of the study is to employ AECEP optimization techniques for loss minimization. This technique was developed to optimally determine the location and sizing of DG. The IEEE 41- Bus RTS was implemented for testing several cases in terms of loading conditions.

  3. Dgroup: DG00851 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available antagonist ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agent ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson agent ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson... agent ATC code: N04AA01 Anticholinergics, Antiparkinsonian ag

  4. Dgroup: DG00853 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available or antagonist ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agent ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson agent ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson... agent ATC code: N04AA03 Anticholinergics, Antiparkinsonian

  5. Dgroup: DG00856 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available mide hydrochloride Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01491 ... Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinso...n agent ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson agent ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agen...t ATC code: N04AA08 Anticholinergics, Antiparkinsonian agent CHRM [HSA:1128 1129 1131 1132 1133] [KO:K04129 K04130 K04131 K04132 K04133] ...

  6. Dgroup: DG00854 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 45 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agent ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson agent ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson... agent ATC code: N04AA04 Anticholinergics, Antiparkinsonian agent CHRM [HSA:1128 1129 1131 1132 1133] [KO:K04129 K04130 K04131 K04132 K04133] ... ...idine hydrochloride (USP) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01491 ... Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist ... DG017

  7. Dgroup: DG00859 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available eceptor antagonist ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agent ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson agent ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkins...on agent ATC code: N04AC01 Anticholinergics, Antiparkinson

  8. Dgroup: DG00855 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available cholinergic receptor antagonist ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agent ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson agent... ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agent ATC code: N04AA05 Anticholinergics, Antiparkinson

  9. Dgroup: DG00852 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available carinic cholinergic receptor antagonist ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agent ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson... agent ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agent ATC code: N04AA02 Anticholinergics, Antiparkinson

  10. Dgroup: DG00858 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ne hydrochloride Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agent ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson... agent ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agent ATC code: N04AA12 Anticholinergics, Antiparkinsonian agent ...

  11. Dgroup: DG01351 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available t hydrochloride (USAN) Other ... DG01706 ... Antiobesity ... DG01705 ... Anoretic ... DG01754 ... Cannabinoid receptor inverse agonist ... Therapeutic agent of obesity CNR1 [HSA:1268] [KO:K04277] ...

  12. Dgroup: DG00901 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hloride (JP17) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01941 ... Benzamide antipsychotic ... DG01478 ... Dopamine antagonist ... D... DG00901 Chemical ... DGroup Tiapride ... D08590 ... Tiapride (INN) D01522 ... Tiapride hydroc

  13. Dgroup: DG00116 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available litazone maleate (JAN/USAN) ... Antidiabetic agent ... DG01685 ... Insulin sensitizer ... DG01795 ... PPAR gamma agonist...44 ... Hypoglycemics ... DG01683 ... Thiazolidinedione ATC code: A10BG02 Antidiabetic, th

  14. Dgroup: DG01339 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available il citrate (USAN) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01564 ... Opioid receptor agonist ... DG01563 ... mu-Opioid receptor ago... DG01339 Chemical ... DGroup Carfentanil ... D07620 ... Carfentanil (INN) D03405 ... Carfentan

  15. Dgroup: DG00823 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00823 Chemical ... DGroup Tilidine ... D08597 ... Tilidine (INN) D06147 ... Tilidine hydrochloride (USAN) Neuropsych...iatric agent ... DG01564 ... Opioid receptor agonist ... DG01563 ... mu-Opioid receptor agonis

  16. Dgroup: DG00798 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 66 ... Sodium oxybate (USAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ... DG02027 ... General anesthetics ATC code: N01AX11 N07XX04 General anesthetics ...

  17. Dgroup: DG00868 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 2-Adrenergic receptor antagonist Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01905 ... Phenothiazine antipsychotics ... DG01478 ... Dop...ibitor ... DG01645 ... CYP2D6 inhibitor ATC code: N05AA02 Phenothiazine antipsychotics

  18. Dgroup: DG00998 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ... DG01587 ... Opioid receptor agonist/antagonist Other ... DG01718 ... Drugs for addictive disorder ... DG01716 ... Drugs for alcohol dependence... ATC code: N07BB05 Antialcohol dependence, Narcotic antagon

  19. Dgroup: DG00834 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available nist ... DG01964 ... Ergot alkaloid ... DG01982 ... Antimigraine, ergot alkaloid Cyp substrate ... DG01633 ... CYP3A substrate... ATC code: N02CA02 Antimigraine, Vasoconstrictor, Serotonin receptor agonist/anta

  20. Dgroup: DG00994 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ATC code: N07BA01 Nicotine dependence agent ... Enzyme: CYP2A6 [HSA:1548] CYP induction: CYP1A2 [HSA:1544] ...artrate (USAN) ... D05157 ... Nicotine polacrilex (USAN) Other ... DG01718 ... Drugs for addictive disorder ... DG01715 ... Drugs for nicotine depen...dence Cyp substrate ... DG01638 ... CYP2A6 substrate Cyp inducer ... DG01637 ... CYP1A2 inducer

  1. Dgroup: DG01732 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available (USAN/INN) D09350 ... Indeglitazar (USAN) Antidiabetic agent ... DG01685 ... Insulin sens...itizer ... DG01795 ... PPAR gamma agonist Other ... DG01733 ... PPAR agonist ... Antidiabetics, PPAR agonist NR1C1 (PPARA)

  2. Dgroup: DG01770 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01770 DGroup Laxative ... DG01764 ... Emollient laxative ... DG00067 ... Liquid paraffin ... ...D05042 ... Mineral oil (USP); Liquid paraffin (JP17) ... D05043 ... Light liquid paraffin (JP17); Mineral oil, li

  3. Dgroup: DG01326 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available son agent ... Antiparkinsonian of dopamin receptor agonist DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] ... ...hydrochloride (JAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01472 ... Dopamine agonist ... DG01468 ... Dopamine D2-receptor agonist ... DG01967 ... Antiparkin

  4. Dgroup: DG00122 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Dapagliflozin propanediol (USAN); Dapagliflozin propylene glycolate hydrate (JAN) ... Antidiabetic agent ... DG0...1794 ... SGLT2 inhibitor Unclassified ... DG02044 ... Hypoglycemics ... DG01794 ... SGLT2 inhibitor ATC code: A10BK01 Antidiabetic

  5. Dgroup: DG00115 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 7 ... Tolbutamide sodium, sterile Antidiabetic agent ... DG01790 ... Sulfonamide hypoglycemic ... DG01734 ... Sulfonamide ... ... DG01734 ... Sulfonamide type sulfonylurea receptor agonist ATC code: A10BB03 V04CA01 Antidiabetic, sulfonylu

  6. Dgroup: DG01283 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available igliptin hydrobromide hydrate (JAN) ... Antidiabetic agent ... DG01601 ... DPP-4 inhibitor Unclassified ... DG02044 ... H...ypoglycemics ... DG01601 ... DPP-4 inhibitor ... DPP4 inhibitor, antidiabetics DPP4 [HSA:1803] [KO:K01278] ...

  7. Dgroup: DG01764 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01764 DGroup Emollient laxative ... DG00067 ... Liquid paraffin ... D05042 ... Mineral oil (USP); Liquid paraffin... (JP17) ... D05043 ... Light liquid paraffin (JP17); Mineral oil, light (NF) DG01771 ... Doc

  8. Dgroup: DG00486 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available agonist ... DG01467 ... Dopamine D1-receptor agonist ... DG01468 ... Dopamine D2-receptor agonist ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson... agent ATC code: G04BE07 N04BC07 Antiparkinsonian, Emetic, Dopamine receptor

  9. Dgroup: DG00702 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available rubicin hydrochloride ... Antineoplastic ... DG01682 ... Anthracycline antineoplastic Other ... DG01529 ... Topoisomerase... inhibitor ... DG01527 ... Topoisomerase II inhibitor ATC code: L01DB08 Antineoplastic antibiotics TOP2 [HSA:7153 7155] [KO:K03164] ...

  10. Dgroup: DG00995 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ne tartrate (JAN/USAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01571 ... Nicotinic cholinergic receptor partial agonist Other ... DG01718 ... Drugs... for addictive disorder ... DG01715 ... Drugs for nicotine dependence ATC code: N07BA03 Nicoti

  11. Dgroup: DG00902 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ide hydrochloride (USAN) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01941 ... Benzamide antipsychotic ... DG01478 ... Dopamine antagon...ist ... DG01474 ... Dopamine D2-receptor antagonist ATC code: N05AL04 Antipsychotic, Dopamine D2 receptor antagon

  12. Dgroup: DG00325 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ne hydrochloride (JAN) ... Cardiovascular agent ... DG01928 ... Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker Other ... DG01575 ... Calcium channel bloc...ker ... DG01496 ... Calcium channel L type blocker Cyp substrate ... DG01633 ... CYP3A substra...te ATC code: C08CA12 Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker CACNA1-L [HSA:775 776 778 779] [KO:K04850 K04851 K04853 K04857] Enzyme: CYP3A4 [HSA:1576] ...

  13. Dgroup: DG00324 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hydrochloride (JP17) ... Cardiovascular agent ... DG01928 ... Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker Other ... DG01575 ... Calcium channel block...er ... DG01496 ... Calcium channel L type blocker Cyp substrate ... DG01633 ... CYP3A substrate... ATC code: C08CA11 Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker CACNA1-L [HSA:775 776 778 779] [KO:K04850 K04851 K04853 K04857] Enzyme: CYP3A4 [HSA:1576] ...

  14. Dgroup: DG00327 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hydrochloride (JP17) ... Cardiovascular agent ... DG01928 ... Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker Other ... DG01575 ... Calcium channel block...er ... DG01496 ... Calcium channel L type blocker Cyp substrate ... DG01633 ... CYP3A substrate... ATC code: C08CA15 Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker CACNA1-L [HSA:775 776 778 779] [KO:K04850 K04851 K04853 K04857] Enzyme: CYP3A4 [HSA:1576] ...

  15. Dgroup: DG00996 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available te calcium (JAN/USAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01498 ... NMDA receptor antagonist Other ... DG01718 ... Drugs for... addictive disorder ... DG01716 ... Drugs for alcohol dependence ATC code: N07BB03 Antialcohol dependence, NMDA r

  16. Dgroup: DG01917 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available anib phosphate (JAN) DG01357 ... Varlitinib ... D09689 ... Varlitinib (USAN/INN) ... D09690 ... Varlitinib tosylate (USAN) DG01361 ... Crenolan...ib ... D10102 ... Crenolanib (USAN) ... D10103 ... Crenolanib besylate (USAN) DG01363 ... Toceranib ... D0850

  17. Dgroup: DG00864 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available se B inhibitor ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson agent Cyp substrate ... DG01644 ... CYP2D6 substrate ... DG01633 ... CYP3A substr...ate ATC code: N04BD01 Antidepressant, Antiparkinsonian, Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-

  18. Dgroup: DG00983 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available sterase inhibitor ... DG01968 ... Agents for Alzheimer-type dementia Cyp substrate ... DG01644 ... CYP2D6 substrate ... DG0...1633 ... CYP3A substrate ATC code: N06DA02 Anti-Alzheimer's agent, Anticholinesteras

  19. Dgroup: DG01248 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available liflozin L-proline (JAN) ... Antidiabetic agent ... DG01794 ... SGLT2 inhibitor Unclassified ... DG02044 ... Hypoglycemic...s ... DG01794 ... SGLT2 inhibitor ... Antidiabetics, SGLT2 inhibitors SLC5A2 (SGLT2) [HSA:6524] [KO:K14382] ...

  20. Dgroup: DG00700 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hydrochloride (JP17/USP) ... Antineoplastic ... DG01682 ... Anthracycline antineoplastic Other ... DG01529 ... Topoisomer...ase inhibitor ... DG01527 ... Topoisomerase II inhibitor ATC code: L01DB06 Antineoplastic antibiotics TOP2 [HSA:7153 7155] [KO:K03164] ...

  1. Dgroup: DG00698 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hydrochloride (JP17/USAN) ... Antineoplastic ... DG01682 ... Anthracycline antineoplastic Other ... DG01529 ... Topoisome...rase inhibitor ... DG01527 ... Topoisomerase II inhibitor ATC code: L01DB03 Antineoplastic antibiotics TOP2 [HSA:7153 7155] [KO:K03164] ...

  2. Dgroup: DG00879 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hioproperazine mesilate (JAN) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01905 ... Phenothiazine antipsychotics ... DG01478 ... Dopami...ne antagonist ... DG01474 ... Dopamine D2-receptor antagonist ATC code: N05AB08 Phenothiazine antipsychotics DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] ...

  3. Dgroup: DG00876 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available orperazine edisylate (USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01905 ... Phenothiazine antipsychotics ... DG01478 ... Dopami...ne antagonist ... DG01474 ... Dopamine D2-receptor antagonist ATC code: N05AB04 Phenothiazine antipsychotics DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] ...

  4. Dgroup: DG01727 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01727 DGroup Anthraquinone antineoplastic -antrone DG01727.gif DG00701 ... Mitoxantrone ... D08224 ... Mitoxantron...e (INN) ... D02166 ... Mitoxantrone hydrochloride (JAN/USP) ... DG00704 ... Pixantrone ... D05522 ... Pixantron...e (USAN/INN) ... D09654 ... Pixantrone dimaleate (USAN) D02894 ... Ametantrone acetate (USAN) D04685 ... Ledoxantron...e trihydrochloride (USAN) D04783 ... Losoxantrone hydrochloride (USAN) D05510 ... Piroxantron...e hydrochloride (USAN) D06059 ... Teloxantrone hydrochloride (USAN) D06190 ... Topixantrone (USAN/IN

  5. Dgroup: DG01260 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available on agent ATC code: N04BD03 MAO-B inhibitor, Antiparkinsonian agent MAOB [HSA:4129] [KO:K00274] ... ...mide mesylate (USAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01568 ... MAO inhibitor ... DG01512 ... Monoamine oxidase B inhibitor ... DG01967 ... Antiparkins

  6. Dgroup: DG00117 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available azone hydrochloride (JP17/USP) ... Antidiabetic agent ... DG01685 ... Insulin sensitizer ... DG01795 ... PPAR gamma agon...s ... DG01683 ... Thiazolidinedione ATC code: A10BG03 Antidiabetic, thiazolidene NR1C3 (PPARG) [HSA:5468] [KO:K08530] ...

  7. Dgroup: DG01715 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01715 DGroup Drugs for nicotine dependence ... DG00994 ... Nicotine ... D03365 ... Nicotine...08669 ... Varenicline (INN) ... D06282 ... Varenicline tartrate (JAN/USAN) ... Other ... DG01718 ... Drugs for addictive disorder ATC code: N07BA Drugs of addictive disorder ...

  8. Dgroup: DG00871 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 0 ... Triflupromazine hydrochloride (JAN/USP) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01905 ... Phenothiazine antipsychotics ... DG...01478 ... Dopamine antagonist ... DG01474 ... Dopamine D2-receptor antagonist ATC code: N05AA05 Phenothiazine antipsychotics DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] ...

  9. Dgroup: DG01615 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01615 DGroup Xanthine-type diuretic ... DG00974 ... Caffeine ... D00528 ... Caffeine (USP);... Anhydrous caffeine (JP17) ... D01453 ... Caffeine hydrate (JP17) ... D07603 ... Caffeine citrate (USP) ... D08962 ... Pamabrom (USP) Other ... DG01616 ... Xanthine derivative ...

  10. Dgroup: DG01574 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01574 DGroup Calcium channel alpha-2 delta blocker ... DG01245 ... Gabapentin ... D00332...INN) ... Other ... DG01575 ... Calcium channel blocker ... CACNA2D [HSA:781 9254 55799 93589] [KO:K04858 K04859 K04860 K04861] ...

  11. Dgroup: DG00326 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available nidipine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN) Cardiovascular agent ... DG01928 ... Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker Oth...er ... DG01575 ... Calcium channel blocker Cyp substrate ... DG01633 ... CYP3A substrate ATC code: C08CA13 Dihydropyridine calcium channel block

  12. Dgroup: DG01277 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01277 Chemical ... DGroup Pirlindole ... D08392 ... Pirlindole (INN) D08393 ... Pirlindole hydrochloride Neuropsychi...atric agent ... DG01568 ... MAO inhibitor ... DG01558 ... Monoamine oxidase A inhibitor ... Reversible monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor MAOA [HSA:4128] [KO:K00274] ...

  13. Dgroup: DG00464 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00464 Chemical ... DGroup Estrone ... D00067 ... Estrone (JAN/USP/INN) D00312 ... Estrone sodium sulfate D00948 ... Est...ropipate (USP) ... Other ... DG01584 ... Estrogen receptor agonist ... DG01986 ... Estrogen ATC code: G03CA07 G03CC04 Est

  14. Dgroup: DG01717 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01717 DGroup Drugs for opioid dependence ... DG00820 ... Buprenorphine ... D07132 ... Bupre... Naloxone ... D08249 ... Naloxone (INN) ... D01340 ... Naloxone hydrochloride (JP17/USP) ... Other ... DG01718 ... Drugs for addictive disorder ATC code: N07BC Drugs of addictive disorder ...

  15. Dgroup: DG00900 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hydrochloride (JAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01941 ... Benzamide antipsychotic ... DG01478 ... Dopamine antagonis...t ... DG01474 ... Dopamine D2-receptor antagonist ATC code: N05AL02 Antipsychotic, Neuroleptic, Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist Benzamide derivative DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] ...

  16. Dgroup: DG00877 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 905 ... Phenothiazine antipsychotics ... DG01478 ... Dopamine antagonist ... DG01474 ... Dopamine D2-receptor antagonist ATC code: N05AB06 Phenothiazine antipsychotics DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] ... ...rifluoperazine hydrochloride (JAN/USP) ... D01448 ... Trifluoperazine maleate (JAN) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01

  17. Dgroup: DG00462 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00462 Chemical ... DGroup Estradiol ... D00105 ... Estradiol (JAN/USP/INN) ... D01413 ... Estr...adiol valerate (JAN/USP/INN) ... D01617 ... Estradiol dipropionate (JAN) ... D01953 ... Estradiol benzoate (JP17) D04061 ... Estr...adiol acetate (USAN) ... D04063 ... Estradiol cypionate (USP) ... D04064 ... Estradiol enanthate (USAN) D04065 ... Estr...adiol undecylate (USAN/INN) D07918 ... Estradiol hemihydrate D07919 ... Estr...adiol 17 beta-hemisuccinate Other ... DG01584 ... Estrogen receptor agonist ... DG01986 ... Estrogen Cyp substrate ... DG0

  18. Dgroup: DG00809 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available rochloride (USP) Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02030 ... Anesthetics ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic ... DG01675 ... Local anesthetic... ATC code: N01BX02 R02AD04 Anesthetic (topical) SCN1A [HSA:6323] [KO:K04833] SCN2A [HSA:6326] [KO:K0

  19. Dgroup: DG00882 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available oridazine hydrochloride (JP17/USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01905 ... Phenothiazine antipsychotics ... DG01478...p inhibitor ... DG01645 ... CYP2D6 inhibitor ATC code: N05AC02 Phenothiazine antipsychotics DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] Enzyme: CYP2D6 [HSA:1565] ...

  20. Dgroup: DG00905 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ne hydrochloride (JAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01942 ... Iminobenzyl antipsychotic ... DG01478 ... Dopamine anta...gonist ... DG01474 ... Dopamine D2-receptor antagonist ATC code: N05AX10 Antipsychotics HTR2A [HSA:3356] [KO:K04157] DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] ...

  1. Dgroup: DG00322 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01928 ... Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker Other ... DG01575 ... Calcium channel blocker ... DG01496 ... Calcium channel L type block...1522 ... CYP3A4 inhibitor ATC code: C08CA01 Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker CACNA1-L [HSA:775 776 778 7

  2. Dgroup: DG00015 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00015 Chemical ... DGroup Acetylsalicylic acid ... D00109 ... Aspirin (JP17/USP); Aspalon (JAN) ... D05181 ... Aspiri...n aluminum (JP17) D07579 ... Aspirin calcium salt D07580 ... Aspirin DL-lysine (JAN) D07581 ... Aspirin... magnesium salt D07582 ... Aspirin sodium Cardiovascular agent ... DG01712 ... Antiplatelet agent ... DG01950

  3. Dgroup: DG01712 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available salicylic acid ... D00109 ... Aspirin (JP17/USP); Aspalon (JAN) ... D05181 ... Aspirin aluminum (JP17) ... D07579 ... Aspirin... calcium salt ... D07580 ... Aspirin DL-lysine (JAN) ... D07581 ... Aspirin magnesium salt ... D07582 ... Aspirin sodium DG0... DG01712 DGroup Antiplatelet agent Platelet aggregation inhibitor ... DG00015 ... Acetyl

  4. Dgroup: DG00006 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ate (USP) Antiparasitic ... DG01884 ... Imidazole antiprotozoal Cyp substrate ... DG01638 ... CYP2A6 substrate Cyp inhib...itor ... DG01643 ... CYP2C9 inhibitor ATC code: A01AB17 D06BX01 G01AF01 J01XD01 P01AB01 Antiprotozoa

  5. A New DG Multiobjective Optimization Method Based on an Improved Evolutionary Algorithm

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wanxing Sheng

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available A distribution generation (DG multiobjective optimization method based on an improved Pareto evolutionary algorithm is investigated in this paper. The improved Pareto evolutionary algorithm, which introduces a penalty factor in the objective function constraints, uses an adaptive crossover and a mutation operator in the evolutionary process and combines a simulated annealing iterative process. The proposed algorithm is utilized to the optimize DG injection models to maximize DG utilization while minimizing system loss and environmental pollution. A revised IEEE 33-bus system with multiple DG units was used to test the multiobjective optimization algorithm in a distribution power system. The proposed algorithm was implemented and compared with the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm 2 (SPEA2, a particle swarm optimization (PSO algorithm, and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NGSA-II. The comparison of the results demonstrates the validity and practicality of utilizing DG units in terms of economic dispatch and optimal operation in a distribution power system.

  6. Z-Source-Inverter-Based Flexible Distributed Generation System Solution for Grid Power Quality Improvement

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Blaabjerg, Frede; Vilathgamuwa, D. M.; Loh, Poh Chiang

    2009-01-01

    Distributed generation (DG) systems are usually connected to the grid using power electronic converters. Power delivered from such DG sources depends on factors like energy availability and load demand. The converters used in power conversion do not operate with their full capacity all the time......-stage buck-boost inverter, recently proposed Z-source inverter (ZSI) is a good candidate for future DG systems. This paper presents a controller design for a ZSI-based DG system to improve power quality of distribution systems. The proposed control method is tested with simulation results obtained using...

  7. Dgroup: DG00463 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00463 Chemical ... DGroup Estriol ... D00185 ... Estriol (JP17/USP) ... D01986 ... Estriol t...ripropionate (JAN) ... D01989 ... Estriol diacetate benzoate (JAN) D07920 ... Estriol succinate D07921 ... Estriol sod...ium succinate (BAN) Other ... DG01584 ... Estrogen receptor agonist ... DG01986 ... Estrogen ATC code: G03CA04 G03CC06 Estr

  8. Dgroup: DG01803 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01803 DGroup Antidiabetic, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor -bose ... D00216 ... Acarbose (...e (USAN) D09779 ... Emiglitate (JAN/INN) Antidiabetic agent ... DG01663 ... alpha-Glucosidase inhibitor Unclassified ... DG02044 ... Hypoglycemics ATC code: A10BF Antidiabetics GAA [HSA:2548] [KO:K12316] GANC [HSA:2595] [KO:K12317] MGAM [HSA:8972] [KO:K12047] ...

  9. Dgroup: DG01908 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01908 DGroup Antiinflammatory drug, propionic acid derivatives ... DG00245 ... Ibuprofen ... D00126 ... Ibuprofen... (JP17/USP/INN) ... D01122 ... Ibuprofen piconol (JP17/USAN) ... D04490 ... Ibuprofen aluminum (USAN) ... D06606 ... Ibupro...fen lysine (USAN); Ibuprofen L-lysine (JAN) ... D08058 ... Ibuprofen arginine salt ... D08059 ... Ibuprofen... sodium ... D09760 ... Ibuprofen sodium (USAN) DG00455 ... Naproxen ... D00118

  10. Aggregation of demand side flexibility in a smart grid: A review for European market design

    OpenAIRE

    Eid , Cherrelle; Codani , Paul; Chen , Yurong; Perez , Yannick; Hakvoort , Rudi

    2015-01-01

    International audience; The increased share of renewable generation and the integration of Distributed Generation (DG) require more electricity system flexibility. One way to increase this flexibility is to use the potentials of demand response (DR). In order to activate the full range of customers in DR, a new market intermediary actor is needed to aggregate the resources in an adequate technical and economical format. These actors, so called " aggregators " , can act as flexibility provider...

  11. DG Allocation Based on Reliability, Losses and Voltage Sag Considerations: an expert system approach

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sahar Abdel Moneim Moussa

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Expert System (ES as a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI methodology can potentially help in solving complicated power system problems. This may be more appropriate methodology than conventional optimization techniques when contradiction between objectives appears in reaching the optimum solution. When this contradiction is the hindrance in reaching the required system operation through the application of traditional methods ES can give a hand in such case. In this paper, the  knowledge- based ES technique is proposed to reach near-optimum solution which is further directed to the optimum solution through particle swarm optimization (PSO technique. This idea is known as Hybrid-Expert-System (HES. The proposed idea is used in getting the optimum allocation of a number of distributed generation (DG units on Distribution System (DS busbars taking into consideration three issues; reliability, voltage sag, and line losses. Optimality is assessed on the economic basis by calculating money benefits (or losses resulting from DG addition considering the three aforementioned issues. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is ascertained through example.

  12. Dgroup: DG00875 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ide ... D08341 ... Perphenazine decanoate D08342 ... Perphenazine enantate Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01905 ... Phenothiazine antipsycho...5AB03 Phenothiazine antipsychotics DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] Enzyme: CYP2D6 [HSA:1565] Genomic biomarker: CYP2D6 [HSA:1565] ...or antagonist Cyp substrate ... DG01644 ... CYP2D6 substrate Cyp inhibitor ... DG01645 ... CYP2D6 inhibitor ATC code: N0

  13. Dgroup: DG01671 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 3 ... Trimethobenzamide hydrochloride (USP) ... Gastrointestinal agent ... DG01762 ... Antiemetic ... DG01783 ... Benzamide type antiemetic ... Antiemetics, benzamides DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] ...

  14. Dgroup: DG01456 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ... D07461 ... Apraclonidine (INN) ... D01008 ... Apraclonidine hydrochloride (JAN/USP) ... DG01318 ... Detomidine ... D07795 ... Detomidine... (INN) ... D03702 ... Detomidine hydrochloride (USAN) ... DG0132

  15. Dgroup: DG01613 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01613 DGroup Xantine-type antiparkinsonian agent -fylline ... D02964 ... Apaxifylline ...(USAN/INN) D04641 ... Istradefylline (JAN/USAN/INN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson agent ...

  16. Dgroup: DG01584 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01584 DGroup Estrogen receptor agonist -estr- ... DG00461 ... Ethinylestradiol ... D00554... ... Ethinyl estradiol (USP); Ethinylestradiol (JP17/INN) ... D07928 ... Ethinylestradiol propanesulfonate DG00462 ... Estradiol ... D00105 ... Estr...adiol (JAN/USP/INN) ... D01413 ... Estradiol valerate (JAN/USP/INN) ... D01617 ... Estrad...iol dipropionate (JAN) ... D01953 ... Estradiol benzoate (JP17) ... D04061 ... Estradiol a...cetate (USAN) ... D04063 ... Estradiol cypionate (USP) ... D04064 ... Estradiol enanthate (USAN) ... D04065 ... Estradio

  17. Multi Agent System Based Adaptive Protection for Dispersed Generation Integrated Distribution Systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Liu, Leo; Rather, Zakir Hussain; Bak, Claus Leth

    2013-01-01

    The increasing penetration of dispersed generation (DG) brings challenges to conventional protection approaches of distribution system, mainly due to bi-directional power flow and variable fault current contribution from different generation technology-based DG units. Moreover, the trend......) is proposed. The adaptive protection intelligently adopts suitable settings for the variation of fault current from diversified DG units. Furthermore, the structure of mobile MAS with additional flexibility is capable of adapting the changes of system topology in a short period, e.g. radial/meshed, grid...

  18. Dgroup: DG01704 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available D05454 ... Phenmetrazine hydrochloride (USP) D07114 ... Etilamfetamine (INN) D07115 ... Clobenzorex (INN) Other ... DG01706 ... Antiobesity ... DG01705 ... Anoretic ATC code: A08AA Anoretics ...

  19. Dgroup: DG01970 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ylphenidate (USAN/INN) ... D01296 ... Methylphenidate hydrochloride (JAN/USP) ... DG00970 ... Atomoxetine... ... D07473 ... Atomoxetine (USP/INN) ... D02574 ... Atomoxetine hydrochloride (JAN/USP) ... DG00972 ... De

  20. Dgroup: DG00738 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available -dried BCG vaccine (for percutaneous use) (JP17) ... Antiviral ... DG01689 ... Live vaccine ... DG01687 ... Parenteral live vaccine ATC code: L03AX03 Immunoregulators; Vaccines ...

  1. Dgroup: DG02574 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available derivative ... DG01961 ... Prostaglandin derivative ... DG01960 ... Prostaglandin F derivative ATC code: S01EE01 Antiglaucoma, Prostaglandin F receptor agonist PTGFR [HSA:5737] [KO:K04262] ...

  2. Dgroup: DG02008 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02008 DGroup Gastric mucosal protectant ... DG00025 ... Sucralfate ... C07314 ... Sucralfate ... D00446 ... Sucralfate... (USP/INN); Sucralfate hydrate (JP17) ... D00177 ... Methylmethionine sulfonium chloride (J

  3. Dgroup: DG00503 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00503 Chemical ... DGroup Pasireotide ... D10147 ... Pasireotide (USAN) D10497 ... Pasireot...ide diaspartate ... D10566 ... Pasireotide pamoate (JAN) ... Other ... DG01588 ... Somatostatin receptor agonist ATC co

  4. Dgroup: DG01986 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01986 DGroup Estrogen ... DG00461 ... Ethinylestradiol ... D00554 ... Ethinyl estradiol (US...P); Ethinylestradiol (JP17/INN) ... D07928 ... Ethinylestradiol propanesulfonate DG00462 ... Estradiol ... D00105 ... Estr...adiol (JAN/USP/INN) ... D01413 ... Estradiol valerate (JAN/USP/INN) ... D01617 ... Estradiol dipropionate (JAN) ... D01953 ... Estr...adiol benzoate (JP17) ... D04061 ... Estradiol acetate (USAN) ... D04063 ... Estr...adiol cypionate (USP) ... D04064 ... Estradiol enanthate (USAN) ... D04065 ... Estradiol undecylate (USAN/INN) ... D07918 ... Estr

  5. Dgroup: DG01639 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available amine ... D07984 ... Fluvoxamine (INN) ... D00824 ... Fluvoxamine maleate (JP17/USAN) ... DG00947 ... Escitalopram ... D07913 ... Escitalopram... (INN) ... D02567 ... Escitalopram oxalate (JAN/USAN) ... DG00951 ... Mianserin

  6. Dgroup: DG01975 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 91 ... Enprostil (JAN/USAN/INN) D01451 ... Scopolamine butylbromide (JP17) ... DG02008 ... Gastric mucosal protectant ... DG00025 ... Sucralfate... ... C07314 ... Sucralfate ... D00446 ... Sucralfate (USP/INN); Sucralfate

  7. Dgroup: DG00872 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00872 Chemical ... DGroup Cyamemazine ... D07307 ... Cyamemazine (INN) D07756 ... Cyamemazine tartrate Neuropsychiat...ric agent ... DG01905 ... Phenothiazine antipsychotics ATC code: N05AA06 Phenothiazine antipsychotics ...

  8. Dgroup: DG00887 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00887 Chemical ... DGroup Melperone ... D07309 ... Melperone (INN) D08172 ... Melperone hydrochloride Neuropsychiatr...ic agent ... DG01940 ... Butyrophenone derivative ATC code: N05AD03 Butyrophenone antipsychotics ...

  9. Dgroup: DG01645 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available done (INN) ... D08122 ... Levomethadone hydrochloride DG01015 ... Hydroxychloroquine ... D08050 ... Hydroxychloroquine (INN) ... D02114 ... Hydroxychloroq...uine sulfate (JAN/USP) ... DG01021 ... Halofantrine ... D08033 ... Halofantrine (INN) ... D02485

  10. Dgroup: DG01614 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01614 DGroup Xanthine-type vasodilator -fylline ... DG00974 ... Caffeine ... D00528 ... Caffeine... (USP); Anhydrous caffeine (JP17) ... D01453 ... Caffeine hydrate (JP17) ... D07603 ... Caffeine citrate (USP)

  11. Dgroup: DG01633 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Trazodone hydrochloride (JAN/USP) ... DG00974 ... Caffeine ... D00528 ... Caffeine (USP); A...nhydrous caffeine (JP17) ... D01453 ... Caffeine hydrate (JP17) ... D07603 ... Caffeine citrate (USP) ... DG00983 ...

  12. Dgroup: DG01918 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available litinib ... D09689 ... Varlitinib (USAN/INN) ... D09690 ... Varlitinib tosylate (USAN) ... DG01361 ... Crenolanib ... D10102 ... Crenolan...ib (USAN) ... D10103 ... Crenolanib besylate (USAN) ... DG01363 ... Toceranib ... D085

  13. Comparative Analysis of the Dark Ground Buffy Coat Technique (DG ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The prevalence of typanosome infection in 65 cattle reared under expensive system of management was determined using the dark ground buffy coat (DG) technique and the enzyme-linkedimmunisorbent assay (ELISA). The DG technique showed that there were 18 positive cases (27.69%) of total number of animals, made ...

  14. Dgroup: DG00860 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hydrochloride (JP17/USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01498 ... NMDA receptor antagonist ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson... agent ATC code: N04BB01 Antiviral, M2 protein inhibitor, Antiparkinsonian, Dopamine secretagogue Adamantan

  15. Dgroup: DG01673 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available P17/USAN); Oxetacaine (INN) ... D08311 ... Oxetacaine hydrochloride DG00801 ... Bupivacaine ... D07552 ... Bupivacaine (USAN/INN) ... D01450 ... Bup...ivacaine hydrochloride (USP); Bupivacaine hydrochloride hydrate (JP17) ... DG00802 ...

  16. Dgroup: DG01655 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 130 ... Apraclonidine ... D07461 ... Apraclonidine (INN) ... D01008 ... Apraclonidine hydrochloride (JAN/USP) ... DG01318 ... Detomidine ... D07795 ... Detomi...dine (INN) ... D03702 ... Detomidine hydrochloride (USAN) DG01320 ... Medetomidine ... D08165 ...

  17. Dgroup: DG01450 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ne hydrochloride (JAN) ... D02149 ... Epinephrine bitartrate (JAN/USP) ... DG00212 ... Norepinephrine ... D00076 ... Noradrenaline...rine hydrochloride (JAN) ... D02149 ... Epinephrine bitartrate (JAN/USP) ... DG00212 ... Norepinephrine ... D00076 ... Noradrenaline

  18. Dgroup: DG00067 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00067 Chemical ... DGroup Liquid paraffin ... D05042 ... Mineral oil (USP); Liquid paraffin... (JP17) ... D05043 ... Light liquid paraffin (JP17); Mineral oil, light (NF) Gastrointestinal agent ... DG01770

  19. Multi types DG expansion dynamic planning in distribution system under stochastic conditions using Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolutionary Strategy and Monte-Carlo simulation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sadeghi, Mahmood; Kalantar, Mohsen

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Defining a DG dynamic planning problem. • Applying a new evolutionary algorithm called “CMAES” in planning process. • Considering electricity price and fuel price variation stochastic conditions. • Scenario generation and reduction with MCS and backward reduction programs. • Considering approximately all of the costs of the distribution system. - Abstract: This paper presents a dynamic DG planning problem considering uncertainties related to the intermittent nature of the DG technologies such as wind turbines and solar units in addition to the stochastic economic conditions. The stochastic economic situation includes the uncertainties related to the fuel and electricity price of each year. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate the possible scenarios of uncertain situations and the produced scenarios are reduced through backward reduction program. The aim of this paper is to maximize the revenue of the distribution system through the benefit cost analysis alongside the encouraging and punishment functions. In order to close to reality, the different growth rates for the planning period are selected. In this paper the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolutionary Strategy is introduced and is used to find the best planning scheme of the DG units. The different DG types are considered in the planning problem. The main assumption of this paper is that the DISCO is the owner of the distribution system and the DG units. The proposed method is tested on a 9 bus test distribution system and the results are compared with the known genetic algorithm and PSO methods to show the applicability of the CMAES method in this problem

  20. Dgroup: DG00052 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available hiatric agent ... DG01491 ... Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist ATC code: A03BA0... DG00052 Chemical ... DGroup Atropine ... D00113 ... Atropine (USP) D02069 ... Atropine sulfate (JP17/USP) ... Neuropsyc

  1. Dgroup: DG00591 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00591 Chemical ... DGroup Meropenem ... D08185 ... Meropenem (INN) D02222 ... Meropenem (USP); Meropene...n group ... DG01458 ... Carbapenem ATC code: J01DH02 beta-Lactam antibiotics, carbapenem penicillin binding protein ...

  2. Dgroup: DG00986 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available rochloride (JAN/USAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01498 ... NMDA receptor antagonist ... DG01968 ... Agents for Alzheimer...-type dementia ATC code: N06DX01 Anti-Alzheimer's agent, Anticholinesterase agent GRIN (NMDAR) [HSA:290

  3. Dgroup: DG00109 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00109 Chemical ... DGroup Diastase ... D03329 ... Diastase (JP17) ... D08705 ... Digestive enzyme derived from asperg...illus ... Gastrointestinal agent ... DG01744 ... digestive enzyme ATC code: A09AA01 Digestive enzyme ...

  4. Dgroup: DG01642 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 7/USAN/INN); Fluconazole capsules (JP17) ... D01429 ... Fosfluconazole (JAN/INN) ... DG00375 ... Terbinafine ... D02375 ... Terbinafine... (USAN/INN) ... D02219 ... Terbinafine hydrochloride (JP17/USP) ... DG00441 ... Diclofenac ... D07816 ... Dicl

  5. Dgroup: DG01663 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01663 DGroup alpha-Glucosidase inhibitor -bose, -glustat ... DG01803 ... Antidiabetic,...at ... D09605 ... Duvoglustat (USAN/INN) ... D09606 ... Duvoglustat hydrochloride (USAN) Antidiabetic agent ... alpha-glucosidase [KO:K12316 K12317 K12047] ...

  6. Dgroup: DG00533 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ... DG01480 ... Penam ... DG01780 ... Extended spectrum penicillin ATC code: J01CA19 Antibacterial, Cell wall biosynt...hesis inhibitor beta-Lactam, penicillin, penicillinase-sensitive, Semisynthetic penicillin: extended spectrum penicillin penicillin binding protein ...

  7. Dgroup: DG01573 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ate semisodium (INN) ... D00710 ... Valproate sodium (USAN); Sodium valproate (JP17) ... D08667 ... Calcium valproate DG01006 ... Flunar...izine ... D07971 ... Flunarizine (INN) ... D01303 ... Flunarizine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN) DG01382 ... E

  8. Dgroup: DG01754 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ... Taranabant (USAN/INN) D09349 ... Ibipinabant (USAN/INN) D10314 ... Giminabant (USAN/INN) Other ... DG01706 ... Antiobesity... ... DG01705 ... Anoretic ATC code: A08AX Antiobesity agents CNR1 [HSA:1268] [KO:K04277] ...

  9. Dgroup: DG01892 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available tine (INN) ... D01179 ... Duloxetine hydrochloride (JAN/USAN) ... DG00974 ... Caffeine ... D00528 ... Caffeine (USP); Anhydr...ous caffeine (JP17) ... D01453 ... Caffeine hydrate (JP17) ... D07603 ... Caffeine citrate (USP) ... DG00982 ... Tacri

  10. Dgroup: DG01630 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01630 DGroup beta-Estrogen receptor agonist -berel ... D06631 ... Prinaberel (USAN/INN...) D09899 ... Erteberel (USAN/INN) Other ... DG01584 ... Estrogen receptor agonist ... NR3A2 (ESR2) [HSA:2100] [KO:K08551] ...

  11. Dgroup: DG00785 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00785 Chemical ... DGroup Ibandronic acid ... D08056 ... Ibandronic acid (INN) D04486 ... Ibandron...ate sodium (USAN); Ibandronate sodium hydrate (JAN) ... Other ... DG01600 ... Bisphosphonate ATC code: M05BA06 Bisphosphonates FDPS [HSA:2224] [KO:K00787] ...

  12. Dgroup: DG00782 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00782 Chemical ... DGroup Pamidronic acid ... D07281 ... Pamidronic acid (INN) D00941 ... Pamidron...ate disodium (USAN); Pamidronate disodium hydrate (JAN) ... Other ... DG01600 ... Bisphosphonate ATC code: M05BA03 Bisphosphonates FDPS [HSA:2224] [KO:K00787] ...

  13. Dgroup: DG01634 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available d hydrate (JP17) ... DG00946 ... Fluvoxamine ... D07984 ... Fluvoxamine (INN) ... D00824 ... Fluvoxamine maleate (JP17/USAN) ... DG00974 ... Caffeine... ... D00528 ... Caffeine (USP); Anhydrous caffeine (JP17) ... D01453 ... Caffeine hydrate (JP17) ... D07603 ... Caffeine

  14. Dgroup: DG00984 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available linesterase inhibitor ... DG01594 ... Butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor ... DG01968 ... Agents for Alzheimer-type dementi...a ATC code: N06DA03 Anti-Alzheimer's agent, Anticholinesterase agent ACHE [HSA:43] [KO:K01049] BCHE [HSA:590] [KO:K01050] ...

  15. Dgroup: DG00857 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 1745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson agent ... DG01967 ... Antiparkinson agent ... DG01745 ... Anticholinergic antiparkinson... agent ATC code: N04AA10 Anticholinergics, Antiparkinsonian agent CHRM [HSA:1128 1129 1131 1132 1133] [KO:K04129 K04130 K04131 K04132 K04133] ...

  16. Dgroup: DG00781 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00781 Chemical ... DGroup Clodronic acid ... D03545 ... Clodronic acid (USAN/INN) D03544 ... Clodron...ate disodium (USAN); Sodium clodronate hydrate (JAN) D07720 ... Clodronic acid disodium salt Other ... DG01600 ... Bisphosphonate ATC code: M05BA02 Bisphosphonates ...

  17. Dgroup: DG00783 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00783 Chemical ... DGroup Alendronic acid ... D07119 ... Alendronic acid (INN) D00939 ... Alendron...ate sodium (USAN); Alendronate sodium hydrate (JP17) ... Other ... DG01600 ... Bisphosphonate ATC code: M05BA04 Bisphosphonates FDPS [HSA:2224] [KO:K00787] ...

  18. Dgroup: DG01455 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 212 ... Norepinephrine ... D00076 ... Noradrenaline (JP17); Norepinephrine (INN) ... D05206 ... Norepinephrine bitartr...USP); Isoprenaline sulfate (JAN) ... D02150 ... l-Isoprenaline hydrochloride (JP17) ... DG00212 ... Norepinephrine ... D00076 ... Noradrenaline...DG00212 ... Norepinephrine ... D00076 ... Noradrenaline (JP17); Norepinephrine (INN) ...

  19. Dgroup: DG01909 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available salazide DG01909.gif DG00015 ... Acetylsalicylic acid ... D00109 ... Aspirin (JP17/USP); Aspalon (JAN) ... D05181 ... Aspirin... aluminum (JP17) ... D07579 ... Aspirin calcium salt ... D07580 ... Aspirin DL-lysine (JAN) ... D07581 ... Aspirin magnesium salt ... D07582 ... Aspiri

  20. Dgroup: DG00786 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00786 Chemical ... DGroup Risedronic acid ... D08484 ... Risedronic acid (INN) D00942 ... Risedron...ate sodium (USP) ... D03234 ... Sodium risedronate hydrate (JP17) ... Other ... DG01600 ... Bisphosphonate ATC code: M05BA07 Bisphosphonates FDPS [HSA:2224] [KO:K00787] ...

  1. Dgroup: DG01001 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ific agonist Other ... DG01718 ... Drugs for addictive disorder ... DG01717 ... Drugs for op...ioid dependence ATC code: N07BC04 Alpha2b-adrenergic receptor agonist, Drugs used in opioid dependence, Antihypertensives ADRA2B [HSA:151] [KO:K04139] ...

  2. Dgroup: DG00973 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00973 Chemical ... DGroup Lisdexamfetamine ... D08130 ... Lisdexamfetamine (INN) D04747 ... Lisdexamfe...tamine dimesylate (USAN); Lisdexamfetamine mesilate (JAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01970 ... Age...nts for ADHD ATC code: N06BA12 Psychostimulant, Central sympathomimetic agent Active form of prodrug: Dextroamphetamine (Dexamfe

  3. Dgroup: DG00330 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available her ... DG01575 ... Calcium channel blocker ... DG01496 ... Calcium channel L type blocker ATC code: C08DA02 Phenylalky...lamine calcium channel blocker CACNA1-L [HSA:775 776 778 779] [KO:K04850 K04851 K04853 K04857] ...

  4. General and Simple Decision Method for DG Penetration Level in View of Voltage Regulation at Distribution Substation Transformers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joon-Ho Choi

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available A distribution system was designed and operated by considering unidirectional power flow from a utility source to end-use loads. The large penetrations of distributed generation (DG into the existing distribution system causes a variety of technical problems, such as frequent tap changing problems of the on-load tap changer (OLTC transformer, local voltage rise, protection coordination, exceeding short-circuit capacity, and harmonic distortion. In view of voltage regulation, the intermittent fluctuation of the DG output power results in frequent tap changing operations of the OLTC transformer. Thus, many utilities limit the penetration level of DG and are eager to find the reasonable penetration limits of DG in the distribution system. To overcome this technical problem, utilities have developed a new voltage regulation method in the distribution system with a large DG penetration level. In this paper, the impact of DG on the OLTC operations controlled by the line drop compensation (LDC method is analyzed. In addition, a generalized determination methodology for the DG penetration limits in a distribution substation transformer is proposed. The proposed DG penetration limits could be adopted for a simplified interconnection process in DG interconnection guidelines.

  5. Dgroup: DG01798 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available eutral (USAN); Neutral insulin injection (INN) D04550 ... Insulin zinc, prompt (USP) Antidiabetic... agent ... DG01636 ... Insulin and analogue ... DG01802 ... Human insulin ATC code: A10AB Antidiabetics INSR (CD220) [HSA:3643] [KO:K04527] ... CYP induction: CYP1A2 [HSA:1544

  6. Dgroup: DG01799 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available e (USP) D04547 ... Insulin, isophane (USP); Isophane insulin injection (aqueous suspension) (JAN) Antidiabetic ...agent ... DG01636 ... Insulin and analogue ... DG01802 ... Human insulin ATC code: A10AC Antidiabetics INSR (CD220) [HSA:3643] [KO:K04527] ... CYP induction: CYP1A2 [HSA:1544

  7. Dgroup: DG01746 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 48 ... Loop diuretic ... Loop diuretics, sulfonamide SLC12A1 (NKCC2) [HSA:6557] [KO:K14425] SLC12A2 (NKCC1) [HSA:6558] [KO:K10951] ... ...P17/USP/INN) ... D01634 ... Piretanide (JAN/USAN/INN) Cardiovascular agent ... DG01690 ... Sulfonamide diuretic ... DG017

  8. Effect of Load Model Using Ranking Identification Technique for Multi Type DG Incorporating Embedded Meta EP-Firefly Algorithm

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdul Rahim Siti Rafidah

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents the effect of load model prior to the distributed generation (DG planning in distribution system. In achieving optimal allocation and placement of DG, a ranking identification technique was proposed in order to study the DG planning using pre-developed Embedded Meta Evolutionary Programming–Firefly Algorithm. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of different type of DG in order to reduce the total losses considering load factor. To realize the effectiveness of the proposed technique, the IEEE 33 bus test systems was utilized as the test specimen. In this study, the proposed techniques were used to determine the DG sizing and the suitable location for DG planning. The results produced are utilized for the optimization process of DG for the benefit of power system operators and planners in the utility. The power system planner can choose the suitable size and location from the result obtained in this study with the appropriate company’s budget. The modeling of voltage dependent loads has been presented and the results show the voltage dependent load models have a significant effect on total losses of a distribution system for different DG type.

  9. Dgroup: DG01504 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ory drug, salicylic acid derivatives ... DG00015 ... Acetylsalicylic acid ... D00109 ... Aspirin (JP17/USP); Aspalon (JAN) ... D05181 ... Aspirin... aluminum (JP17) ... D07579 ... Aspirin calcium salt ... D07580 ... Aspirin DL-lysine (JAN) ... D07581 ... Aspirin... magnesium salt ... D07582 ... Aspirin sodium ... DG00099 ... Olsalazine ... D0

  10. Dgroup: DG01751 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ta-1a (USAN); Interferon beta-1a (genetical recombination) (JAN) ... Antineoplastic ... DG01752 ... Interferone ... Immunostimulants, Antineoplastics ... ... DG01751 Chemical ... DGroup Interferon beta ... D00746 ... Interferon beta-1b (USAN/INN); Interferon beta-1b (genet...ical recombination) (JAN) ... D03304 ... Interferon beta (JAN) ... D04554 ... Interferon be

  11. Dgroup: DG01501 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available N) ... D03077 ... Benazeprilat (USAN/INN) D03440 ... Ceronapril (USAN/INN) D03756 ... Indolapril hydrochloride (USAN) ... (USAN) ... D00383 ... Trandolapril (JAN/INN) ... DG00342 ... Spirapril ... D08529 ... Spirapril (INN) ... D03765 ... Spirapril ...USAN); Cilazapril hydrate (JP17) ... DG00341 ... Fosinopril ... D07992 ... Fosinopril (INN) ... D00622 ... Fosinopril sodium

  12. Dgroup: DG01800 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ulin human zinc (USP) D04543 ... Insulin human zinc, extended (USP) D05622 ... Proinsulin human (USAN) Antidiabetic... agent ... DG01636 ... Insulin and analogue ... DG01802 ... Human insulin ATC code: A10AE Antidiabetics INSR (CD220) [HSA:3643] [KO:K04527] ... CYP induction: CYP1A2 [HSA:1544

  13. Dgroup: DG00874 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available AN/USP) ... D02163 ... Fluphenazine maleate (JAN) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG01905 ... Phenothiazine antipsychoti...ubstrate ... DG01644 ... CYP2D6 substrate ATC code: N05AB02 Antipsychotic, Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist Phenothiazine derivative DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] Enzyme: CYP2D6 [HSA:1565] ...

  14. Dgroup: DG00787 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00787 Chemical ... DGroup Zoledronic acid ... D08689 ... Zoledronic acid (INN) D01968 ... Zoledron...ic acid (USAN); Zoledronic acid hydrate (JAN) ... D06378 ... Zoledronate disodium (USAN) D06379 ... Zoledron...ate trisodium (USAN) D10515 ... Zoledronic acid hemipentahydrate (JAN) Other ... DG01600 ... Bisphosphonate ATC code: M05BA08 Bisphosphonates FDPS [HSA:2224] [KO:K00787] ...

  15. Susceptibility of the tomato mutant high pigment-2dg (hp-2dg) to Orobanche spp. infection.

    Science.gov (United States)

    López-Ráez, Juan Antonio; Charnikhova, Tatsiana; Mulder, Patrick; Kohlen, Wouter; Bino, Raoul; Levin, Ilan; Bouwmeester, Harro

    2008-08-13

    The consumption of natural products with potential health benefits has been continuously growing, and enhanced pigmentation is of major economic importance in fruits and vegetables. The tomato hp-2 ( dg ) is an important mutant line that has been introgressed into commercial tomato cultivars marketed as lycopene rich tomatoes (LRT) because of their enhanced fruit pigmentation, attributed to higher levels of carotenoids, including lycopene. Strigolactones are signaling compounds that mediate host finding in root parasitic plants and are biosynthetically derived from carotenoids. Considering the high carotenoid content of the hp-2 ( dg ) mutant, we studied its susceptibility to the root parasite Orobanche. In a field experiment, the average number of Orobanche aegyptiaca plants growing on hp-2 ( dg ) was surprisingly significantly reduced compared with its isogenic wild-type counterpart. In vitro assays and LC-MS/MS analysis showed that this reduction was associated with a lower production of strigolactones, which apparently renders the high-carotenoid hp-2 ( dg ) mutant less susceptible to Orobanche.

  16. Small-Signal Modeling of the PVR-Based AD Scheme and Controller Design for Three-Phase Standalone DG System

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Shen, Pan; Han, Yang; Lu, Chang

    2016-01-01

    This paper presents the small-signal state-space modeling and a new multifunctional multi-loop control strategy for three-phase inverter-based islanded DG systems under unbalanced and/or nonlinear load conditions. The proposed control methodology utilizes the parallel virtual resistance (PVR...... controllers are based on an enhanced proportional resonant (PR) structure to achieve zero steady-state error, and multi-resonant harmonic compensator (MRHC) plus PR controller to prevent low-order load current harmonics to distort the output voltage. The proposed small-signal model of the islanded DG system...... with multi-loop control strategy in the stationary reference frame is presented. Moreover, an enhanced delay compensation (EDC) scheme based on two integrators of the discrete PR controller is presented to improve stability margins with a higher accuracy compared with the existing methods. Then, a detailed...

  17. Optimal allocation and adaptive VAR control of PV-DG in distribution networks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fu, Xueqian; Chen, Haoyong; Cai, Runqing; Yang, Ping

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • A methodology for optimal PV-DG allocation based on a combination of algorithms. • Dealing with the randomicity of solar power energy using CCSP. • Presenting a VAR control strategy to balance the technical demands. • Finding the Pareto solutions using MOPSO and SVM. • Evaluating the Pareto solutions using WRSR. - Abstract: The development of distributed generation (DG) has brought new challenges to power networks. One of them that catches extensive attention is the voltage regulation problem of distribution networks caused by DG. Optimal allocation of DG in distribution networks is another well-known problem being widely investigated. This paper proposes a new method for the optimal allocation of photovoltaic distributed generation (PV-DG) considering the non-dispatchable characteristics of PV units. An adaptive reactive power control model is introduced in PV-DG allocation as to balance the trade-off between the improvement of voltage quality and the minimization of power loss in a distribution network integrated with PV-DG units. The optimal allocation problem is formulated as a chance-constrained stochastic programming (CCSP) model for dealing with the randomness of solar power energy. A novel algorithm combining the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) with support vector machines (SVM) is proposed to find the Pareto front consisting of a set of possible solutions. The Pareto solutions are further evaluated using the weighted rank sum ratio (WRSR) method to help the decision-maker obtain the desired solution. Simulation results on a 33-bus radial distribution system show that the optimal allocation method can fully take into account the time-variant characteristics and probability distribution of PV-DG, and obtain the best allocation scheme

  18. Combined effect of CVR and penetration of DG in the voltage profile and losses of lowvoltage secondary distribution networks

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bokhari, Abdullah

    Demarcations between traditional distribution power systems and distributed generation (DG) architectures are increasingly evolving as higher DG penetration is introduced in the system. The concerns in existing electric power systems (EPSs) to accommodate less restrictive interconnection policies while maintaining reliability and performance of power delivery have been the major challenge for DG growth. In this dissertation, the work is aimed to study power quality, energy saving and losses in a low voltage distributed network under various DG penetration cases. Simulation platform suite that includes electric power system, distributed generation and ZIP load models is implemented to determine the impact of DGs on power system steady state performance and the voltage profile of the customers/loads in the network under the voltage reduction events. The investigation designed to test the DG impact on power system starting with one type of DG, then moves on multiple DG types distributed in a random case and realistic/balanced case. The functionality of the proposed DG interconnection is designed to meet the basic requirements imposed by the various interconnection standards, most notably IEEE 1547, public service commission, and local utility regulation. It is found that implementation of DGs on the low voltage secondary network would improve customer's voltage profile, system losses and significantly provide energy savings and economics for utilities. In a network populated with DGs, utility would have a uniform voltage profile at the customers end as the voltage profile becomes more concentrated around targeted voltage level. The study further reinforced the concept that the behavior of DG in distributed network would improve voltage regulation as certain percentage reduction on utility side would ensure uniform percentage reduction seen by all customers and reduce number of voltage violations.

  19. Flexible Compensation of Voltage and Current Unbalance and Harmonics in Microgrids

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mousazadeh, Seyyed Yousef; Jalilian, Alireza; Savaghebi, Mehdi

    2017-01-01

    In recent years, the harmonics and unbalance problem endanger the voltage and current quality of power systems due to increasing usage of nonlinear and unbalance loads. Using DG interfacing inverters is proposed for voltage or current compensation. In this paper, a flexible control method...... is proposed to compensate voltage and current unbalance and harmonics using the Distributed Generation (DG) interfacing inverters. This method is applicable to both grid-connected and islanded microgrids. In the proposed method, not only the proper control of active and reactive powers can be achieved......) frame. An extensive simulation study has been performed and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. The results show that depending on the compensation mode, the harmonics and unbalance compensation of DGs’ output current, MG’s injected current to the grid as well...

  20. Overcurrent protection issues due to the DG connection

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gomez, J.C.; Tourn, D.H.; Amatti, J.C. [Rio Cuarto National University (IPSEP/UNRC), Cordoba (Argentina). Electric Power Systems Protection Institute], E-mail: jcgomez@ing.unrc.edu.ar

    2009-07-01

    The present energy crisis drives to carry to an extreme the use of all the available energy sources, which need to be connected to the network in their closest point. Traditional electric systems are changing their characteristics, in what concerns to structure, operation, and especially on protection methodologies. The new protection problems of the different parts of the system are explained. The solution presents positive and negative aspects that impact the utility and the customer in different ways. A revision about interconnection international standards is presented. The contributions of generators to short circuit currents is analyzed, especially the double fed generator. Philosophy changes are studied, such as: fault current bi directionality, modification of the protection reach, failures of the overcurrent coordination due to current share, etc. Solicitations to DG due to the normal unbalance of distribution systems are also studied. It is analyzed the discrepancy between the customers and utilities regarding the 'islanding operation', presenting the semi-rigid connection. The changes in the coordination methodology fusible-recloser are also studied, proposing a new methodology to check this coordination. Experimental results on 13.2 kV are presented that relate the deionization without zero current, with arc length and with 'network power to DG power ratio'. It is concluded that DG application offers technical-economic advantages so much to the utility as to the user; and that the technology for these new protection approaches is already available, requiring of investments whose justification needs of a specific analysis for each particular case. (author)

  1. Dgroup: DG01152 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01152 Chemical ... DGroup Edetate ... D00052 ... Edetic acid (NF/INN) D00571 ... Edetate calcium disodium... anhydrous (USP) D01802 ... Edetate disodium (USP); Disodium edetate hydrate (JP17) D03943 ... Edetate calcium disodium... (USP); Calcium sodium edetate hydrate (JP17); Sodium calcium edetate (INN) ... D03944 ... Ed...etate dipotassium (USAN) D03945 ... Disodium edetate D03946 ... Edetate sodium (USAN) D03947 ... Edetate trisodium... (USAN) D07934 ... Edetate calcium disodium D07935 ... Dicobalt edetate (INN) Other ... DG01692 ... Chelator ATC code: V03AB03 Antidotes, Chelating agents ...

  2. Energy Flexibility in the Power System

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Billanes, Joy Dalmacio; Ma, Zheng; Jørgensen, Bo Nørregaard

    2017-01-01

    Energy flexibility can address the challenges of large scale integration of renewable energy resources and thereby increasing imbalance in the power system. Flexible power system can provide reliable supply, low electricity cost and sustainability. Various situations and factors influence...... the adoption of the flexibility solutions, such as flexible electricity generation, demand-response, and electricity storage. This paper tries to analyze the current energy flexibility solutions and the factors that can influence the energy flexibility adoption. This paper takes Philippines as case study...... to provide an overview of the current condition of the Philippines’ power system and discuss the energy flexibility in the Philippines’ power system. A further discussion and recommendation is conducted in the end of the paper....

  3. Overexpression of DgWRKY4 Enhances Salt Tolerance in Chrysanthemum Seedlings

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ke Wang

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available High salinity seriously affects the production of chrysanthemum, so improving the salt tolerance of chrysanthemum becomes the focus and purpose of our research. The WRKY transcription factor (TF family is highly associated with a number of processes of abiotic stress responses. We isolated DgWRKY4 from Dendranthema grandiflorum, and a protein encoded by this new gene contains two highly conserved WRKY domains and two C2H2 zinc-finger motifs. Then, we functionally characterized that DgWRKY4 was induced by salt, and DgWRKY4 overexpression in chrysanthemum resulted in increased tolerance to high salt stress compared to wild-type (WT. Under salt stress, the transgenic chrysanthemum accumulated less malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, and superoxide anion (O2− than WT, accompanied by more proline, soluble sugar, and activities of antioxidant enzymes than WT; in addition, a stronger photosynthetic capacity and a series of up-regulated stress-related genes were also found in transgenic chrysanthemum. All results demonstrated that DgWRKY4 is a positive regulatory gene responding to salt stress, via advancing photosynthetic capacity, promoting the operation of reactive oxygen species-scavenging system, maintaining membrane stability, enhancing the osmotic adjustment, and up-regulating transcript levels of stress-related genes. So, DgWRKY4 can serve as a new candidate gene for salt-tolerant plant breeding.

  4. A comparative study of the DG-OMEGA (DG Omega), DGII, and GAT method for the structure elucidation of a methylene-acetal linked thymine dinucleotide

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Kampen, A. H. C.; Beckers, M. L. M.; Buydens, L. M. C.

    1997-01-01

    This research continues the investigation of the properties of the recently developed structure elucidation method DG-OMEGA (DG Omega). Towards this end it was applied for the structure determination of a methylene-acetal linked thymine dinucleotide. The performance of DG Omega was compared to the

  5. Water-right and water-allocation procedures of farmers' managed perennial spate irrigation systems of mithawan watershed, D.G. Khan, Pakistan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahmad, M.; Ahmad, S.

    2007-01-01

    A study was conducted on water rights, water allocation and local institutions prevailing in the perennial spate irrigation systems of Mithawan watershed o D.G. Khan District of Punjab. The Study Area was selected is the Mthawan watershed on the D.G. Khan-Quetta Road almost 70 kms from D.G. Khan and 10 km away from the road, representing real-life operating systems. Small-scale isolated and large-scale contiguous perennial spate irrigation systems were selected for study. A three-prong methodology was designed covering (a) interactive dialogue of the focus groups to document the community-perceptions regarding systems water-rights, water allocation and local institution prevailing in the area; (b) structured interviews to document systematic data regarding some of the study-aspects; and (c) diagnostic surveys to document some of the measured data regarding scheme performance. Water rights and allocation procedures both in small-scale isolated and large-scale Contiguous perennial spate irrigation-system are very clearly defined and do not change with time and space. Local institutions like Biradri and Muchi take care of just allocation of water. An irrigator is deputed who takes care of allocated time among various tribes. At the same time, the community is bringing more area under irrigation. Obviously it has increased water-requirements and in turn management of irrigation system. Previously they were reconstructing the diversion structure only. Present expansion in irrigated area has increased the necessity of maintaining the water-conveyance network more frequently, particularly at critical sections. However, the realization regarding water-losses still needs to be promoted. The linkages of resource-management with water-productivity are going to be the future area of consideration in theses systems, due to expansion of the system largely because of increased population and urge to increase their livelihood. (author)

  6. Incentivizing Flexibility in System Operations

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Milligan, Michael [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Bloom, Aaron P [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Townsend, Aaron [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Ela, Erik [Electric Power Research Institute; Botterud, Audun [Argonne National Laboratory; Levin, Todd [Argonne National Laboratory

    2018-02-15

    Defining flexibility has been a challenge that a number of industry members and researchers have attempted to address in recent years. With increased variability and uncertainty of variable generation (VG), the resources on the system will have to be more flexible to adjust output, so that power output ranges, power ramp rates, and energy duration sustainability are sufficient to meet the needs of balancing supply with demand at various operational timescales. This chapter discusses whether existing market designs provide adequate incentives for resources to offer their flexibility into the market to meet the increased levels of variability and uncertainty introduced by VG in the short-term operational time frame. It presents a definition of flexibility and discusses how increased levels of VG require increased needs for flexibility on power systems. Following this introductory material, the chapter examines how existing market designs ensure that resources have the right incentives to provide increased flexibility, and then discusses a number of emerging market design elements that impact flexibility incentives.

  7. Dgroup: DG01220 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available biotic, Antineoplastic, Antiprotozoal (Trypanosoma), Protein biosynthesis inhibitor ribosome ... ... DG01220 Chemical ... DGroup Puromycin ... D05653 ... Puromycin (USAN) D05655 ... Puromycin hydrochloride (USAN) ... Anti

  8. Dgroup: DG02643 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02643 Chemical ... DGroup Ritipenem ... D09849 ... Ritipenem acoxil hydrate (JAN) ... Anti...bacterial, Cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor beta-Lactam, carbapenem penicillin binding protein ...

  9. Dgroup: DG02570 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02570 Chemical ... DGroup Tebipenem ... D09598 ... Tebipenem pivoxil (JAN/INN) ... Anti...bacterial, Cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor beta-Lactam, Carbapenem penicillin binding protein ...

  10. Dgroup: DG01244 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available odium (USAN) Anti-allergic agent ... DG01541 ... Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist ... Leukotrien-receptor antagonist; Antiasthmatic agent CYSLTR1 [HSA:10800] [KO:K04322] ...

  11. Dgroup: DG01358 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01358 Chemical ... DGroup Trastuzumab ... D03257 ... Trastuzumab (INN); Trastuzumab (genetica...l recombination) (JAN) ... D09980 ... Trastuzumab emtansine (USAN/INN); Trastuzumab emtansine (genetical re

  12. Dgroup: DG02648 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02648 Chemical ... DGroup Infliximab ... D02598 ... Infliximab (USAN/INN); Infliximab (genetica...l recombination) (JAN); Infliximab (genetical recombination) [Infliximab biosimilar1] (JAN); Infliximab (genetica

  13. Dgroup: DG02612 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02612 Chemical ... DGroup Rituximab ... D02994 ... Rituximab (USAN/INN); Rituximab (gene...tical recombination) (JAN); Rituximab (genetical recombination) [Rituximab biosimilar 1] (JAN) ... ATC code:

  14. Dgroup: DG01417 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01417 Chemical ... DGroup Volasertib ... D10182 ... Volasertib (USAN) D10183 ... Volasertib... trihydrochloride (USAN); Volasertib hydrochloride (JAN) ... Antineoplastics PLK1 [HSA:5347] [KO:K06631] ...

  15. Dgroup: DG01789 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ) DG01442 ... Tedizolid ... D09685 ... Tedizolid (USAN/INN) ... D09686 ... Tedizolid phosphate (JAN/USAN) ... D10167 ... Sutezolid (USAN/INN) Antibacterial ... Antibiotics 50S ribosomal subunit ...

  16. Dgroup: DG01644 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available xetine ... D07473 ... Atomoxetine (USP/INN) ... D02574 ... Atomoxetine...0967 ... Dexamfetamine ... D03740 ... Dextroamphetamine (USAN); Dexamfetamine (INN) ... D02078 ... Dextroamphetamine sulfate (USP) ... DG00970 ... Atomo

  17. Dgroup: DG02007 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02007 DGroup Antianxiety, carbamate derivatives ... D00376 ... Meprobamate (JAN/USP/I...NN) ... D07317 ... Emylcamate (INN) D01807 ... Mebutamate (JAN/USAN) Neuropsychiatric agent ... Antianxiety ...

  18. Dgroup: DG01771 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01771 Chemical ... DGroup Docusate ... D00305 ... Docusate sodium (USP); Sodium dioctyl ...sulfosuccinate (INN); Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (JAN) ... D03885 ... Docusate calcium (USP) D03886 ... Docusate

  19. Dgroup: DG01987 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01987 Chemical ... DGroup Eglumegad Eglumetad ... D08908 ... Eglumegad (INN) D03966 ... Eglumetad (USAN) ... Antianxie...ty, Smoking cessation ajunct GRM2 [HSA:2912] [KO:K04605] ...

  20. Dgroup: DG02590 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02590 Chemical ... DGroup Laropiprant ... D08940 ... Laropiprant (INN/USAN) ... Anti-atherosclerotic, Antidyslipide...mia, Prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonist Target: PTGDR [HSA:5729] [KO:K04332] ...

  1. Dgroup: DG02662 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02662 Chemical ... DGroup Apolizumab ... D02967 ... Apolizumab (USAN/INN) ... Antineoplastic, Anti-HLA-DR antibody... Monoclonal antibody HLA-DRB [HSA:3123 3125 3126 3127] [KO:K06752] ...

  2. Dgroup: DG02658 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02658 Chemical ... DGroup Cysteamine Mercaptamine ... D03634 ... Cysteamine (USAN); Merc...aptamine (INN) D03635 ... Cysteamine hydrochloride (USAN) ... D10468 ... Cysteamine bitartrate (JAN) ... Cystine concentration-lowering agent ...

  3. Dgroup: DG01967 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available de (INN) ... D00502 ... Pergolide mesylate (USP); Pergolide mesilate (JAN) ... D07836 ... Dihydroergocryptine mesilate DG00862 ... Ropini...role ... D08489 ... Ropinirole (USAN/INN) ... D00784 ... Ropinirole hydrochlo

  4. Chrysanthemum WRKY gene DgWRKY5 enhances tolerance to salt stress in transgenic chrysanthemum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liang, Qian-Yu; Wu, Yin-Huan; Wang, Ke; Bai, Zhen-Yu; Liu, Qing-Lin; Pan, Yuan-Zhi; Zhang, Lei; Jiang, Bei-Bei

    2017-07-06

    WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth development, resistance and substance metabolism regulation. However, the exact function of the response to salt stress in plants with specific WRKY transcription factors remains unclear. In this research, we isolated a new WRKY transcription factor DgWRKY5 from chrysanthemum. DgWRKY5 contains two WRKY domains of WKKYGQK and two C 2 H 2 zinc fingers. The expression of DgWRKY5 in chrysanthemum was up-regulated under various treatments. Meanwhile, we observed higher expression levels in the leaves contrasted with other tissues. Under salt stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes in transgenic chrysanthemum were significantly higher than those in WT, whereas the accumulation of H 2 O 2 , O 2 - and malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced in transgenic chrysanthemum. Several parameters including root length, root length, fresh weight, chlorophyll content and leaf gas exchange parameters in transgenic chrysanthemum were much better compared with WT under salt stress. Moreover, the expression of stress-related genes DgAPX, DgCAT, DgNCED3A, DgNCED3B, DgCuZnSOD, DgP5CS, DgCSD1 and DgCSD2 was up-regulated in DgWRKY5 transgenic chrysanthemum compared with that in WT. These results suggested that DgWRKY5 could function as a positive regulator of salt stress in chrysanthemum.

  5. Flexible energy systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lund, Henrik

    2003-01-01

    The paper discusses and analyses diffent national strategies and points out key changes in the energy system in order to achieve a system which can benefit from a high percentage of wind and CHP without having surplus production problems, introduced here as a flexible energy system....

  6. Harnessing the Flexibility of Thermostatic Loads in Microgrids with Solar Power Generation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosa Morales González

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents a demand response (DR framework that intertwines thermodynamic building models with a genetic algorithm (GA-based optimization method. The framework optimizes heating/cooling schedules of end-users inside a business park microgrid with local distributed generation from renewable energy sources (DG-RES based on two separate objectives: net load minimization and electricity cost minimization. DG-RES is treated as a curtailable resource in anticipation of future scenarios where the infeed of DG-RES to the regional distribution network could be limited. We test the DR framework with a case study of a refrigerated warehouse and an office building located in a business park with local PV generation. Results show the technical potential of the DR framework in harnessing the flexibility of the thermal masses from end-user sites in order to: (1 reduce the energy exchange at the point of connection; (2 reduce the cost of electricity for the microgrid end-users; and (3 increase the local utilization of DG-RES in cases where DG-RES exports to the grid are restricted. The results of this work can aid end-users and distribution network operators to reduce energy costs and energy consumption.

  7. Dgroup: DG02651 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ody Monoclonal antibody IL2RA (CD25) [HSA:3559] [KO:K05068] ... ... DG02651 Chemical ... DGroup Daclizumab ... D03639 ... Daclizumab (USAN/INN) ... Immunosuppressant, Anti-CD25 antib

  8. Dgroup: DG00637 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00637 Chemical ... DGroup Micafungin ... D08218 ... Micafungin (INN) D02465 ... Micafungin ...sodium (JAN/USAN) ... D11010 ... Micafungin sodium hydrate (JAN) ... ATC code: J02AX05 Antibiotics ...

  9. Dgroup: DG01735 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available glinide (JP17/USAN/INN) ... D01854 ... Mitiglinide calcium hydrate (JP17) ... Antidiabetic agent Unclassified ... DG02044 ... Hypoglycemics ... Antidiabetics ABCC8 (SUR1) [HSA:6833] [KO:K05032] ...

  10. Dgroup: DG01703 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available AN) DG01610 ... Xanthine-type cardiotonics ... D07151 ... Cafedrine (BAN) ... D07155 ... Theodrenaline (INN) ... D07933 ... Etofy... ... Ciclafrine hydrochloride (USAN) ... D07150 ... Gepefrine (INN) ... D07151 ... Cafedrine (BA

  11. Dgroup: DG02469 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02469 Chemical ... DGroup Naftopidil ... D01674 ... Naftopidil (JP17/INN); Naftopidil tablet...s (JP17); Naftopidil orally disintegrating tablets (JP17) ... Antidysuria, alpha1-Adrenergic receptor a

  12. Dgroup: DG01846 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available tat sodium (USAN) ... Antidyslipidemia (hypertriglyceridemic), Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor DGAT1 [HSA:8694] [KO:K11155] ... ... DG01846 Chemical ... DGroup Pradigastat ... D10664 ... Pradigastat (USAN) D10657 ... Pradigas

  13. Design and optimization analysis of dual material gate on DG-IMOS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Sarabdeep; Raman, Ashish; Kumar, Naveen

    2017-12-01

    An impact ionization MOSFET (IMOS) is evolved for overcoming the constraint of less than 60 mV/decade sub-threshold slope (SS) of conventional MOSFET at room temperature. In this work, first, the device performance of the p-type double gate impact ionization MOSFET (DG-IMOS) is optimized by adjusting the device design parameters. The adjusted parameters are ratio of gate and intrinsic length, gate dielectric thickness and gate work function. Secondly, the DMG (dual material gate) DG-IMOS is proposed and investigated. This DMG DG-IMOS is further optimized to obtain the best possible performance parameters. Simulation results reveal that DMG DG-IMOS when compared to DG-IMOS, shows better I ON, I ON/I OFF ratio, and RF parameters. Results show that by properly tuning the lengths of two materials at a ratio of 1.5 in DMG DG-IMOS, optimized performance is achieved including I ON/I OFF ratio of 2.87 × 109 A/μm with I ON as 11.87 × 10-4 A/μm and transconductance of 1.06 × 10-3 S/μm. It is analyzed that length of drain side material should be greater than the length of source side material to attain the higher transconductance in DMG DG-IMOS.

  14. Dgroup: DG01773 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01773 Chemical ... DGroup Berberine ... C00757 ... Berberine D01250 ... Berberine chloride ...hydrate (JP17) ... D03258 ... Berberine tannate (JP17) D03293 ... Berberine sulfate hydrate (JAN) ... Anti-allergic

  15. Dgroup: DG00760 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00760 Chemical ... DGroup Glucosamine ... D04334 ... Glucosamine (USAN/INN) D08022 ... Glucosa...mine hydrochloride D08023 ... Glucosamine sulfate ... ATC code: M01AX05 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, Antirheumatics ...

  16. Dgroup: DG02379 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02379 Chemical ... DGroup Brinzolamide ... D00652 ... Brinzolamide (JAN/USP/INN) ... ATC code: S01EC04 Antiglauco...ma, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor CA2 [HSA:760] [KO:K18245] ...

  17. Dgroup: DG01675 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available aine ... D01152 ... Oxethazaine (JP17/USAN); Oxetacaine (INN) ... D08311 ... Oxetacaine hydrochloride ... DG00801 ... Bupivacaine ... D07552 ... Bupiva...caine (USAN/INN) ... D01450 ... Bupivacaine hydrochloride (USP); Bupivacaine hydrochl

  18. Dgroup: DG02388 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02388 Chemical ... DGroup Diazepam ... D00293 ... Diazepam (JP17/USP/INN) ... ATC code: ...N05BA01 Antianxiety, Minor tranquilizer, Sedative-hypnotic Benzodiazepine derivative GABRA/GABRB/GABRD/GABRE

  19. Dgroup: DG01872 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01872 Chemical ... DGroup Aluminum silicate ... D03236 ... Synthetic aluminum silicate ...(JP17); Aluminum silicate, synthetic (JAN) ... D03237 ... Natural aluminum silicate (JP17); Aluminum silicate, natural (JAN) ... Antacids ...

  20. Dgroup: DG01720 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available P17); Cyclophosphamide tablets (JP17) ... DG01514 ... Palifosfamide ... D09364 ... Palifosfamide (USAN/INN) ... D10373 ... P...yclophosphamide ... D07760 ... Cyclophosphamide (INN) ... D00287 ... Cyclophosphamide (USP); Cyclophosphamide hydrate (J

  1. Flexible Query Answering Systems 2006

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    -computer interaction. The overall theme of the FQAS conferences is innovative query systems aimed at providing easy, flexible, and intuitive access to information. Such systems are intended to facilitate retrieval from information repositories such as databases, libraries, and the World-Wide Web. These repositories......This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems, FQAS 2006, held in Milan, Italy, on June 7--10, 2006. FQAS is the premier conference for researchers and practitioners concerned with the vital task of providing easy, flexible...... are typically equipped with standard query systems which are often inadequate, and the focus of FQAS is the development of query systems that are more expressive, informative, cooperative, and productive. These proceedings contain contributions from invited speakers and 53 original papers out of about 100...

  2. Dgroup: DG00135 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00135 Chemical ... DGroup Calcium gluconate ... D00935 ... Calcium gluconate (USP) ... D05463 ... Calcium... gluconate hydrate (JP17) ... ATC code: A12AA03 D11AX03 Calcium supplement ...

  3. Dgroup: DG02667 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02667 Chemical ... DGroup Teplizumab ... D09013 ... Teplizumab (USAN/INN) ... Antidiabetic, Anti-CD3 antibody... Monoclonal antibody CD3 [HSA:915 916 917] [KO:K06450 K06451 K06452] ...

  4. Dgroup: DG00694 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00694 Chemical ... DGroup Docetaxel ... D07866 ... Docetaxel (JAN/INN) ... D02165 ... Docetaxel (USAN); Doc...etaxel hydrate (JP17); Docetaxel injection (JP17); Docetaxel for injection (JP17) ... Cyp subs

  5. Dgroup: DG01196 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01196 Chemical ... DGroup Samarium (153Sm) lexidronam ... D08504 ... Samarium (153Sm) lexidron...am (INN) D05795 ... Samarium Sm 153 lexidronam pentasodium (USAN); Samarium (153Sm) lexidronam sodium (JA

  6. Dgroup: DG02000 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available AN/INN) DG01828 ... Deleobuvir ... D10554 ... Deleobuvir (USAN/INN) ... D10622 ... Deleobuvir sodium (JAN/USAN) D10477 ... Mericitabine (USAN/INN) Antiviral ... Treatment of hepatitis C NS5B polymerase ...

  7. Optimal reduction of flexible dynamic system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jankovic, J.

    1994-01-01

    Dynamic system reduction is basic procedure in various problems of active control synthesis of flexible structures. In this paper is presented direct method for system reduction by explicit extraction of modes included in reduced model form. Criterion for optimal system discrete approximation in synthesis reduced dynamic model is also presented. Subjected method of system decomposition is discussed in relation to the Schur method of solving matrix algebraic Riccati equation as condition for system reduction. By using exposed method procedure of flexible system reduction in addition with corresponding example is presented. Shown procedure is powerful in problems of active control synthesis of flexible system vibrations

  8. Dgroup: DG02722 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available stic, TRAIL receptor 1 antibody Agonistic monoclonal antibody TNFRSF10A (TRAILR1, CD261) [HSA:8797] [KO:K04722] ... ... DG02722 Chemical ... DGroup Mapatumumab ... D04858 ... Mapatumumab (USAN/INN) ... Antineopla

  9. Dgroup: DG02668 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02668 Chemical ... DGroup Visilizumab ... D06314 ... Visilizumab (USAN/INN) ... Immunosuppressant, Anti-CD3 antibod...y Monoclonal antibody CD3 [HSA:915 916 917] [KO:K06450 K06451 K06452] ...

  10. Dgroup: DG01554 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01554 DGroup 5-Nitrofuran antiprotozoal nifur- ... D00830 ... Furazolidone (USP/INN) D... Nifuroxime (INN) D04714 ... Levofuraltadone (USAN/INN) D05165 ... Nifursemizone (USAN/INN) D05166 ... Nifursol (USAN) Antiparasitic ... Antiprotozoals ...

  11. Dgroup: DG01495 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available n (USAN/INN) ... D00626 ... Candesartan cilexetil (JP17/USAN) ... D00627 ... Telmisartan (JP17/USAN/INN); Telmisartan tablet...N); Olmesartan medoxomil tablets (JP17) ... DG00351 ... Azilsartan ... D08864 ... Azilsarta

  12. Dgroup: DG02018 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available 03546 ... Clofarabine (JAN/USAN/INN) ... D05134 ... Nelarabine (JAN/USAN/INN); Nelzarabine (USAN) ... DG00686 ... C... ... D01651 ... Ancitabine hydrochloride (JAN) ... D04134 ... Fazarabine (USAN/INN) ... D04233 ... Flurocitabine (USAN/INN)

  13. Dgroup: DG01794 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available rtugliflozin (USAN/INN) D10669 ... Sotagliflozin (USAN/INN) Antidiabetic agent Uncla...ssified ... DG02044 ... Hypoglycemics ATC code: A10BK Antidiabetics SLC5A2 (SGLT2) [HSA:6524] [KO:K14382] ...

  14. Dgroup: DG01612 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ne ... D07944 ... Fenetylline (INN) ... D04147 ... Fenethylline hydrochloride (USAN) DG00974 ... Caffeine ... D00528 ... Caffeine... (USP); Anhydrous caffeine (JP17) ... D01453 ... Caffeine hydrate (JP17) ... D07603 ... Caffeine citrate (USP) ...

  15. Dgroup: DG01958 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available USP) ... D03546 ... Clofarabine (JAN/USAN/INN) ... D05134 ... Nelarabine (JAN/USAN/INN); Nelzarabine (USAN) ... DG...Enocitabine (JAN/INN) ... D01651 ... Ancitabine hydrochloride (JAN) ... D04134 ... Fazarabine (USAN/INN) ... D04233 ... Flu

  16. Stability Analysis for Operation of DG Units in Smart Grids

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pouresmaeil, Edris; Shaker, Hamid Reza; Mehrasa, Majid

    2015-01-01

    This paper presents a multifunction control strategy for the stable operation of Distributed Generation (DG) units during grid integration. The proposed control model is based on Direct Lyapunov Control (DLC) theory and provides a stable region for the appropriate operation of DG units during grid....... Application of this concept can guarantee to reduce the stress on the grid during the energy demand peak. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the proficiency and performance of the proposed DLC technique in DG technology....

  17. Dgroup: DG01147 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01147 Chemical ... DGroup Rose bengal sodium ... D05762 ... Rose bengal sodium I 125 (US...AN) D05763 ... Rose bengal sodium I 131 (USP) ... ATC code: S01JA02 Ophthalmic diagnostic agents ...

  18. Dgroup: DG01186 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01186 Chemical ... DGroup Gadobenic acid ... D08018 ... Gadobenic acid (INN) D04283 ... Gadobe...nate dimeglumine (USAN); Meglumine gadobenate (JAN) ... ATC code: V08CA08 Non-ionic Contrast medium for NMR-tomography ...

  19. Dgroup: DG01439 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ine (JAN/USAN/INN) ... D05134 ... Nelarabine (JAN/USAN/INN); Nelzarabine (USAN) ... DG00686 ... Cytarabine ... D00168 ... ...tabine hydrochloride (JAN) D04134 ... Fazarabine (USAN/INN) D04233 ... Flurocitabine (USAN/INN) D06100 ... Tezacitabi

  20. Dgroup: DG01182 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01182 Chemical ... DGroup Gadopentetic acid ... D08006 ... Gadopentetic acid (INN) D01707 ... Gadopen...tetate dimeglumine (JAN/USP) ... D09795 ... Meglumine gadopentetate (JAN) ... ATC code: V08CA01 Contrast medium for NMR-tomography ...

  1. Dgroup: DG01750 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available tical recombination) (JAN) D02745 ... Interferon alfa-2b (USAN); Interferon alfa-2b (genetica... DG01750 Chemical ... DGroup Interferon alpha ... D00745 ... Interferon alfa-2a (USAN/INN); Interferon alfa-2a (gene

  2. Dgroup: DG01132 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ucoma agents; Agents for Alzheimer-type dementia ACHE [HSA:43] [KO:K01049] ... ...esterase inhibitor ... DG01593 ... Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor ATC code: S01EB05 V03AB19 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, Antigla

  3. Dgroup: DG01430 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01430 Chemical ... DGroup Paclitaxel ... D00491 ... Paclitaxel (JAN/USP/INN) ... D05333 ... Paclitax...el poliglumex (USAN/INN) ... Antineoplastics, taxane TUBB [HSA:10381 10382 10383 203068 347688 347733 7280 81027 84617] [KO:K07375] ...

  4. Dgroup: DG00850 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available rochloride (USP) ... Neuropsychiatric agent ... DG02037 ... GABA mimetic antiepileptics ATC code: N03AG06 Fatty acid derivative anticonvulsa...nts, Fatty acid derivative antiepileptics SLC6A1 (GAT1) [HSA:6529] [KO:K05034] ...

  5. Dgroup: DG01466 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available granules (JP17); Ifenprodil tartrate tablets (JP17) ... DG00320 ... Labetalol ... D08106 ... Labetalol (INN) ... D... ... D00561 ... Sertindole (USAN/INN) ... D01674 ... Naftopidil (JP17/INN); Naftopidil tablets (JP17); Naftopidil orally disintegrating tablet

  6. Three-dimensional formulation of rigid-flexible multibody systems with flexible beam elements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcia-Vallejo, D.; Mayo, J.; Escalona, J. L.; Dominguez, J.

    2008-01-01

    Multibody systems generally contain solids with appreciable deformations and which decisively influence the dynamics of the system. These solids have to be modeled by means of special formulations for flexible solids. At the same time, other solids are of such a high stiffness that they may be considered rigid, which simplifies their modeling. For these reasons, for a rigid-flexible multibody system, two types of formulations coexist in the equations of the system. Among the different possibilities provided in the literature on the material, the formulation in natural coordinates and the formulation in absolute nodal coordinates are utilized in this paper to model the rigid and flexible solids, respectively. This paper contains a mixed formulation based on the possibility of sharing coordinates between a rigid solid and a flexible solid. The global mass matrix of the system is shown to be constant and, in addition, many of the constraint equations obtained upon utilizing these formulations are linear and can be eliminated

  7. Dgroup: DG01592 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available e (INN) ... D00633 ... Dopamine hydrochloride (JP17/USP) ... DG00801 ... Bupivacaine ... D07552 ... Bupivacaine (USAN/INN) ... D01450 ... Bupivacaine... hydrochloride (USP); Bupivacaine hydrochloride hydrate (JP17) ... D00059 ... Levodopa (JP17/USP/INN) ... Cardiovascular agent ...

  8. Dgroup: DG01190 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01190 Chemical ... DGroup Technetium (99mTc) medronic acid ... D02029 ... Technetium Tc 99m medron...ate (USP) ... D06038 ... Technetium Tc 99m medronate disodium (USP) ... ATC code: V09BA02 Radioactive dia

  9. Dgroup: DG00054 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00054 Chemical ... DGroup Belladonna total alkaloid ... D03069 ... Belladonna (USP); Belladon...na extract (JP17) D03223 ... Belladonna leaf (USP) D03224 ... Belladonna root (JP17) ... ATC code: A03BA04 Paralysis of parasympathetic ...

  10. DG TOMO: A new method for tomographic reconstruction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Freitas, D. de; Feschet, F.; Cachin, F.; Geissler, B.; Bapt, A.; Karidioula, I.; Martin, C.; Kelly, A.; Mestas, D.; Gerard, Y.; Reveilles, J.P.; Maublant, J.

    2006-01-01

    Aim: FBP and OSEM are the most popular tomographic reconstruction methods in scintigraphy. FBP is a simple method but artifacts of reconstruction are generated which corrections induce degradation of the spatial resolution. OSEM takes account of statistical fluctuations but noise strongly increases after a certain number of iterations. We compare a new method of tomographic reconstruction based on discrete geometry (DG TOMO) to FBP and OSEM. Materials and methods: Acquisitions were performed on a three-head gamma-camera (Philips) with a NEMA Phantom containing six spheres of sizes from 10 to 37 mm inner diameter, filled with around 325 MBq/l of technetium-99 m. The spheres were positioned in water containing 3 MBq/l of technetium-99 m. Acquisitions were realized during a 180 o -rotation around the phantom by 25-s steps. DG TOMO has been developed in our laboratory in order to minimize the number of projections at acquisition. Two tomographic reconstructions utilizing 32 and 16 projections with FBP, OSEM and DG TOMO were performed and transverse slices were compared. Results: FBP with 32 projections detects only the activity in the three largest spheres (diameter ≥22 mm). With 16 projections, the star effect is predominant and the contrast of the third sphere is very low. OSEM with 32 projections provides a better image but the three smallest spheres (diameter ≤17 mm) are difficult to distinguish. With 16 projections, the three smaller spheres are not detectable. The results of DG TOMO are similar to OSEM. Conclusion: Since the parameters of DG TOMO can be further optimized, this method appears as a promising alternative for tomoscintigraphy reconstruction

  11. Dgroup: DG02549 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02549 Chemical ... DGroup Rotigotine ... D05768 ... Rotigotine (JAN/USAN/INN) ... ATC code: N04BC09 Antiparkinson...ian, Dopamine D2 receptor agonist DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] Enzyme: SULT1A1 [HSA:

  12. Dgroup: DG00137 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00137 Chemical ... DGroup Calcium chloride ... C08130 ... Calcium chloride anhydrous D02256 ... Calcium... chloride (USP); Calcium chloride hydrate (JP17) ... ATC code: A12AA07 B05XA07 G04BA03 Calcium supplement ...

  13. Dgroup: DG00997 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ctive disorder ... DG01716 ... Drugs for alcohol dependence ATC code: N07BB04 Alcoholic agent OPRM1 [HSA:4988] [KO:K04215] OPRK1 [HSA:4986] [KO:K04214] OPRD1 [HSA:4985] [KO:K04213] ...

  14. Dgroup: DG02550 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02550 Chemical ... DGroup Entacapone ... D00781 ... Entacapone (JAN/USAN/INN) ... ATC code: N04BX02 Antiparkinson...ian, Antidyskinetic, COMT inhibitor Nitrocactechols COMT [HSA:1312] [KO:K00545] ... CYP inhibition: COMT [HSA:1312], CYP2C9 [HSA:1559

  15. Flexibility in 21st Century Power Systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cochran, J.; Miller, M.; Zinaman, O.; Milligan, M.; Arent, D.; Palmintier, B.; O' Malley, M.; Mueller, S.; Lannoye, E.; Tuohy, A.; Kujala, B.; Sommer, M.; Holttinen, H.; Kiviluoma, J.; Soonee, S. K.

    2014-05-01

    Flexibility of operation--the ability of a power system to respond to change in demand and supply--is a characteristic of all power systems. Flexibility is especially prized in twenty-first century power systems, with higher levels of grid-connected variable renewable energy (primarily, wind and solar). This paper summarizes the analytic frameworks that have emerged to measure this characteristic and distills key principles of flexibility for policy makers.

  16. Dgroup: DG02639 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02639 Chemical ... DGroup Erlizumab ... D04045 ... Erlizumab (USAN/INN) ... Immunosuppressant, Anti-CD18 antibody... Monoclonal antibody Immunosuppressant, Anti-CD18 antibody LTBR (TNFRSF3, CD18) [HSA:4055] [KO:K03159] ITGAL (CD11A) [HSA:3683] [KO:K05718] ...

  17. Dgroup: DG00119 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available in hydrate (JAN/USAN) ... D10262 ... Saxagliptin hydrochloride ... Antidiabetic agent ... DG01601 ... DPP-4 inhibitor T...4 inhibitor ATC code: A10BH03 Antidiabetic, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor DPP4 [HSA:1803] [KO:K01278] Transporter: ABCB1 [HSA:5243] ...

  18. Dgroup: DG00129 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00129 Chemical ... DGroup Tocopherol (vit E) ... D02332 ... Tocopherol (JP17) D01406 ... Toco...pherol calcium succinate (JP17) D01530 ... Tocopherol nicotinate (JP17) ... D01735 ... Tocopherol acetate (JP17) ... D08612 ... Tocopherol succinate ... ATC code: A11HA03 Vitamin E ...

  19. Business Models for Power System Flexibility

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Boscan, Luis; Poudineh, Rahmatallah

    2016-01-01

    As intermittent, renewable resources gain more share in the generation mix, the need for power system flexibility increases more than ever. Parallel to this, technological change and the emergence of new players bringing about innovative solutions are boosting the development of flexibility...... business models will play an important role in ensuring sufficiency and efficiency of flexibility services....

  20. Dgroup: DG00118 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available gliptin phosphate (USAN); Sitagliptin phosphate hydrate (JAN) ... Antidiabetic agent ... DG01601 ... DPP-4 inhibito...PP-4 inhibitor ATC code: A10BH01 DPP4 inhibitor, antidiabetics DPP4 [HSA:1803] [KO:K01278] Transporter: ABCB1 [HSA:5243], SLC22A8 [HSA:9376] ...

  1. Flexible Power Control of Photovoltaic Systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Blaabjerg, Frede; Sangwongwanich, Ariya; Yang, Yongheng

    2018-01-01

    With a still increasing penetration level of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, more advanced and flexible control functionalities are demanded. To ensure a smooth and friendly integration between the PV systems and the grid, the power generated by the PV system needs to be flexible...

  2. A new evolutionary solution method for dynamic expansion planning of DG-integrated primary distribution networks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ahmadigorji, Masoud; Amjady, Nima

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • A new dynamic distribution network expansion planning model is presented. • A Binary Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (BEPSO) algorithm is proposed. • A Modified Differential Evolution (MDE) algorithm is proposed. • A new bi-level optimization approach composed of BEPSO and MDE is presented. • The effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach is extensively illustrated. - Abstract: Reconstruction in the power system and appearing of new technologies for generation capacity of electrical energy has led to significant innovation in Distribution Network Expansion Planning (DNEP). Distributed Generation (DG) includes the application of small/medium generation units located in power distribution networks and/or near the load centers. Appropriate utilization of DG can affect the various technical and operational indices of the distribution network such as the feeder loading, energy losses and voltage profile. In addition, application of DG in proper size is an essential tool to achieve the DG maximum potential benefits. In this paper, a time-based (dynamic) model for DNEP is proposed to determine the optimal size, location and installation year of DG in distribution system. Also, in this model, the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is exerted to determine the optimal generation of DGs for every potential solution in order to minimize the investment and operation costs following the load growth in a specified planning period. Besides, the reinforcement requirements of existing distribution feeders are considered, simultaneously. The proposed optimization problem is solved by the combination of evolutionary methods of a new Binary Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (BEPSO) and Modified Differential Evolution (MDE) to find the optimal expansion strategy and solve OPF, respectively. The proposed planning approach is applied to two typical primary distribution networks and compared with several other methods. These comparisons illustrate the

  3. Dgroup: DG00245 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00245 Chemical ... DGroup Ibuprofen ... D00126 ... Ibuprofen (JP17/USP/INN) ... D01122 ... Ibuprofen... piconol (JP17/USAN) ... D04490 ... Ibuprofen aluminum (USAN) D06606 ... Ibuprofen lysine (USAN); Ibuprofen... L-lysine (JAN) ... D08058 ... Ibuprofen arginine salt D08059 ... Ibuprofen sodium D09760 ... Ibuprofen sodium (USAN)

  4. Dgroup: DG02597 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG02597 Chemical ... DGroup Brexpiprazole ... D10309 ... Brexpiprazole (JAN/USAN/INN) ... ATC code: N05AX16 Antipsy...chotic DRD2 [HSA:1813] [KO:K04145] HTR1A [HSA:3350] [KO:K04153] HTR2A [HSA:3356] [KO:K04157] HTR7 [HSA:3363] [KO:K04163] ...

  5. Evaluation of modified dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar for enumerating fungi in wheat flour: a collaborative study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Beuchat, L R; Hwang, C A

    1996-04-01

    Dichloran 18% glycerol agar base supplemented with 100 micrograms of chloramphenicol ml-1 (DG18 agar) was compared to DG18 agar supplemented with 100 micrograms of Triton X-301 ml-1 (DG18T) and DG18 agar supplemented with 1 microgram of iprodione [3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(1-methyl-ethyl)-2,4-dioxo-1-imidazolidine- carboxamide] ml-1 (DG18I agar) for enumeration of fungi in ten brands of wheat flour. As the flours contained low fungal populations, all were inoculated with two to four strains of xerophilic fungi (Aspergillus candidus, A. penicillioides, Eurotium amstelodami, E. intermedium, E. repens, E. rubrum, E. tonophilum, E. umbrosum and Wallemia sebi), after which counts ranged from 3.87 to 6.37 log10 CFU g-1. Significantly higher populations (p repens or E. tonophilum had also been inoculated into at least one of the three flours showing significantly higher numbers of CFU on DG18T agar. Analysis of collapsed data from all samples showed that DG18T agar was significantly better than DG18 or DG18I agars at p < 0.10 but not at p < 0.05. Coefficients of variation for reproducibility (among-laboratory variation) were 8.4%, 7.5% and 8.6%, respectively, for DG18, DG18T and DG18I agars. DG18I agar restricted colony development most, especially for Eurotium species. Naturally occurring Penicillium species grew equally well on DG18 and DG18T agars, whereas W. sebi grew well on all three media. DG18T agar was judged to be superior to DG18 and DG18I agars for enumerating fungi in wheat flours.

  6. Susceptibility of the Tomato Mutant High Pigment-2dg (hp-2dg) to Orobanche spp. Infection

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lopez Raez, J.A.; Charnikhova, T.; Mulder, P.P.J.; Kohlen, W.; Bino, R.J.; Levin, I.; Bouwmeester, H.J.

    2008-01-01

    The consumption of natural products with potential health benefits has been continuously growing, and enhanced pigmentation is of major economic importance in fruits and vegetables. The tomato hp-2dg is an important mutant line that has been introgressed into commercial tomato cultivars marketed as

  7. Dgroup: DG00410 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00410 Chemical ... DGroup Methylprednisolone ... D00407 ... Methylprednisolone (JP17/USP.../INN) ... D00751 ... Methylprednisolone sodium succinate (JAN/USP) ... D00979 ... Methylprednisolone acetate (JAN/US...P) ... D05000 ... Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate (USP); Methylprednisolone succinate (JP17) D05001 ... Methylprednisolo...ne sodium phosphate (USAN) D05002 ... Methylprednisolone suleptanate (USAN/INN) D07203 ... Methylprednisol

  8. The productivity and work load in flexible production systems

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rhijn, J.W. van; Looze, M.P. de; Schoenmaker, N.; Bosch, T.; Deursen, J. van

    2006-01-01

    A negative aspect of serial flow production systems is its lack of flexibility. Other production systems like the flexing flow and the shopping system are more flexible as the number of workers can be easily adjusted to temporal demands. But how efficient are these flexible systems? In a laboratory

  9. Dgroup: DG01457 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available fine granules (JP17); Ifenprodil tartrate tablets (JP17) ... DG00320 ... Labetalol ... D08106 ... Labetalol (INN) ... D0...zide (JP17/USP/INN) ... D00561 ... Sertindole (USAN/INN) D01674 ... Naftopidil (JP17/INN); Naftopidil tablets (JP17...); Naftopidil orally disintegrating tablets (JP17) ... D01965 ... Silodosin (JP17/INN) ... D02995 ... Asenapine male

  10. Layout design optimization of dynamic environment flexible manufacturing systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaber Abu Qudeiri

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available The proper positioning of machine tools in flexible manufacturing system is one of the factors that lead to increase in production efficiency. Choosing the optimum position of machine tools curtails the total part handling cost between machine tools within the flexible manufacturing system. In this article, a two-stage approach is presented to investigate the best locations of the machine tools in flexible manufacturing system. The location of each machine tool is selected from the available specific and fixed locations in such a way that it will result in best throughput of the flexible manufacturing system. In the first stage of the two-stage approach, the throughput of randomly selected locations of the machine tool in flexible manufacturing system is computed by proposing a production simulation system. The production simulation system utilizes genetic algorithms to find the locations of the machine tools in flexible manufacturing system that achieve the maximum throughput of the flexible manufacturing system. In the second stage, the generated locations are fed into artificial neural network to find a relation between a machine tool’s location and the throughput that can be used to predict the throughput for any other set of locations. Artificial neural network will result in mitigating the computational time.

  11. Flexible Work Options within the Organisational System

    Science.gov (United States)

    Albion, Majella J.; Chee, Munli

    2006-01-01

    The availability of flexible work options provides an opportunity for individuals to shape their careers in order to optimise their work and life goals. This study takes a systems theory approach to examine how the use of flexible work options influences relationships and interactions in the workplace. The "Flexible Work Options…

  12. Design and optimization of flexible multi-generation systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lythcke-Jørgensen, Christoffer Ernst

    variations and dynamics, and energy system analysis, which fails to consider process integration synergies in local systems. The primary objective of the thesis is to derive a methodology for linking process design practices with energy system analysis for enabling coherent and holistic design optimization...... of flexible multi-generation system. In addition, the case study results emphasize the importance of considering flexible operation, systematic process integration, and systematic assessment of uncertainties in the design optimization. It is recommended that future research focus on assessing system impacts...... from flexible multi-generation systems and performance improvements from storage options....

  13. Bio-Inspired Flexible Cellular Actuating Systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-11-21

    S. Hong, “Robust adaptive boundary control of a flexible marine riser with vessel dynamics,” Automatica, vol. 47, pp. 722–732, 2011. [22] D. H...conditionally accepted. [6] W. He, S. S. Ge, B. V. E. How, Y. S. Choo, and K. S. Hong, “Robust adaptive boundary control of a flexible marine riser ... flexible robotic actuators, often represented by a distributed parameter system or a partial differential equation. We establish a model-guided

  14. DG TO FT - AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION OF DIGRAPH TO FAULT TREE MODELS

    Science.gov (United States)

    Iverson, D. L.

    1994-01-01

    Fault tree and digraph models are frequently used for system failure analysis. Both types of models represent a failure space view of the system using AND and OR nodes in a directed graph structure. Each model has its advantages. While digraphs can be derived in a fairly straightforward manner from system schematics and knowledge about component failure modes and system design, fault tree structure allows for fast processing using efficient techniques developed for tree data structures. The similarities between digraphs and fault trees permits the information encoded in the digraph to be translated into a logically equivalent fault tree. The DG TO FT translation tool will automatically translate digraph models, including those with loops or cycles, into fault tree models that have the same minimum cut set solutions as the input digraph. This tool could be useful, for example, if some parts of a system have been modeled using digraphs and others using fault trees. The digraphs could be translated and incorporated into the fault trees, allowing them to be analyzed using a number of powerful fault tree processing codes, such as cut set and quantitative solution codes. A cut set for a given node is a group of failure events that will cause the failure of the node. A minimum cut set for a node is any cut set that, if any of the failures in the set were to be removed, the occurrence of the other failures in the set will not cause the failure of the event represented by the node. Cut sets calculations can be used to find dependencies, weak links, and vital system components whose failures would cause serious systems failure. The DG TO FT translation system reads in a digraph with each node listed as a separate object in the input file. The user specifies a terminal node for the digraph that will be used as the top node of the resulting fault tree. A fault tree basic event node representing the failure of that digraph node is created and becomes a child of the terminal

  15. Dgroup: DG01936 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01936 DGroup TNF inhibitor ... D00742 ... Etanercept (USAN/INN); Etanercept (genetica...l recombination) (JAN); Etanercept (genetical recombination) [etanercept biosimilar 1] (JAN) ... D02598 ... Infl...iximab (USAN/INN); Infliximab (genetical recombination) (JAN); Infliximab (genetical recombination) [Inflixi...mab biosimilar1] (JAN); Infliximab (genetical recombination) [Infliximab biosimil...ar2] (JAN) ... D07436 ... Afelimomab (INN) D02597 ... Adalimumab (USAN/INN); Adalimumab (genetical recombination) (

  16. Dgroup: DG01797 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available ical recombination) (JP17); Insulin glargine (genetical recombination) injection (J...P17); Insulin glargine (genetical recombination [Insulin glargin biosimilar 1] (JAN); Insulin glargine (genetica...mir (USAN/INN); Insulin detemir (genetical recombination) (JAN) ... D09727 ... Insulin degludec (USAN/INN); Insulin degludec (genetica... DG01797 DGroup Insulin analogue, long-acting ... D03250 ... Insulin glargine (USAN/INN); Insulin glargine (genet

  17. A control technique for integration of DG units to the electrical networks

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pouresmaeil, Edris; Miguel-Espinar, Carlos; Massot-Campos, Miquel

    2013-01-01

    This paper deals with a multiobjective control technique for integration of distributed generation (DG) resources to the electrical power network. The proposed strategy provides compensation for active, reactive, and harmonic load current components during connection of DG link to the grid...

  18. DG CONNECT’s stakeholder engagement strategy

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Verheyden, M.; Glidden, J.; Shahin, J.

    2013-01-01

    How do we ensure that public policy represents the interests of all, rather than a select few? How will we ensure it draws upon the best insights and talents of key stakeholders? The European Commission’s DG CONNECT recently announced the results of its Stakeholder Engagement Survey, which is

  19. Nuclear reactor power control system based on flexibility model

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Gang; Zhao Fuyu; Li Chong; Tai Yun

    2011-01-01

    Design the nuclear reactor power control system in this paper to cater to a nonlinear nuclear reactor. First, calculate linear power models at five power levels of the reactor as five local models and design controllers of the local models as local controllers. Every local controller consists of an optimal controller contrived by the toolbox of Optimal Controller Designer (OCD) and a proportion-integration-differentiation (PID) controller devised via Genetic Algorithm (GA) to set parameters of the PID controller. According to the local models and controllers, apply the principle of flexibility model developed in the paper to obtain the flexibility model and the flexibility controller at every power level. Second, the flexibility model and the flexibility controller at a level structure the power control system of this level. The set of the whole power control systems corresponding to global power levels is to approximately carry out the power control of the reactor. Finally, the nuclear reactor power control system is simulated. The simulation result shows that the idea of flexibility model is feasible and the nuclear reactor power control system is effective. (author)

  20. 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) inhibits radiation induced carcinogenesis (skin tumors) in mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Singh, Saurabh; Bhuria, Vikas; Pandey, Sanjay; Saluja, Daman; Dwarakanath, B.S.

    2014-01-01

    One of the late effects of radiation exposure i.e. carcinogenesis is exemplified by atomic bomb survivors, radiotherapy patients and occupational workers. Enhanced glucose metabolism (Warburg's effect) is a fundamental metabolic change in transformed cells which drives tumorigenesis. It is suggested that Dietary Energy Restriction (DER) that targets glucose metabolism may afford protection against radiation-induced carcinogenesis. However, DER is practically difficult to sustain in humans. Therefore, we have hypothesized that the glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a potential energy restriction mimetic agent (ERMA) may impair the process of tumorigenesis as an alternative to DER. In the present studies we investigated the effects of dietary 2-DG on radiation induced papillomas in mice. Swiss albino mice (male) were irradiated with a fractionated dose schedule (1.5 Gy ionizing radiation/week for four weeks) focally on the shaved back followed by the application of tumor promoting agent (TPA) once weekly till the termination of the study. Mice were administered 2-DG (0.2% and 0.4% w/v) containing water starting a week after last irradiation. A significant reduction in the tumor incidence, tumor burden, besides increase in the latency period was observed in the 2-DG fed mice. The average tumor incidence (papillomas formation) was reduced to 25% and 37% in 0.2% and 0.4% 2-DG group respectively from 47% in the control group with a significant delay in the onset. Under these conditions, 2-DG considerably enhanced the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) with a concomitant decrease in the lipid peroxidation. 2-DG fed tumor bearing mice showed decrease in splenic CD4 + to CD8 + T-cell ratio and prevented the tumor induced augmentation of T-regulatory cells (CD4 + CD25 + ) which correlated with an increase in CD8 + (CTLs) cells. Dietary 2-DG also reduced the tumor associated and radiation induced angiogenesis. These observations suggest that dietary 2-DG

  1. Empowering Variable Renewables - Options for Flexible Electricity Systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chandler, Hugo [Renewable Energy Unit, International Energy Agency, Paris (France)

    2008-07-01

    A flexible electricity system is one that can respond reliably, and rapidly, to large fluctuations in supply and demand. Flexibility is already present in all power systems, in order to manage fluctuations in demand, and it is crucial for high performance and economic and reliable operation. This paper looks at measures to increase flexibility. but careful cost/benefit analysis is essential, and specific national and regional circumstances will influence the choice of option(s).

  2. And the World Turned: Spin Testing the DG-1000S

    Science.gov (United States)

    2015-10-01

    mainly glass-fiber reinforced plastic, with steel as necessary for the landing gear. Load factor limits are +7/- 5g . Manufactured in Germany, the DG...Forward CG’s carry an additional type of risk for spin testing: structural failure due to over- speed /overload. After spin entry, if the aircraft’s...become “sloppy” in the DG-1000S near stall speed , careful attention to the yaw string was required for coordinated flight: anything less tended to cause

  3. Dgroup: DG01636 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available analogue, fast-acting ... D04477 ... Insulin lispro (USP/INN); Insulin lispro (genetical recombination) (JAN) ... ... ... D04475 ... Insulin aspart (USAN/INN); Insulin aspart (genetical recombination) (JAN) ... D04540 ... Insulin glu...lisine (USAN/INN); Insulin glulisine (genetical recombination) (JAN) ... DG01797 ... Insulin analogue, long-acting ... D03250 ... Insulin glargine (USAN/INN); Insulin glargine (genetical recombinat...ion) (JP17); Insulin glargine (genetical recombination) injection (JP17); Insulin glargine (genetical recomb

  4. Flexible Multi-Numerology Systems for 5G New Radio

    OpenAIRE

    Yazar, Ahmet; Peköz, Berker; Arslan, Hüseyin

    2018-01-01

    The physical layer of 5G cellular communications systems is designed to achieve better flexibility in an effort to support diverse services and user requirements. OFDM waveform parameters are enriched with flexible multi-numerology structures. This paper describes the differences between Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems and new radio (NR) from the flexibility perspective. Research opportunities for multi-numerology systems are presented in a structured manner. Finally, inter-numerology inter...

  5. Technical Design of Flexible Sustainable Energy Systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lund, Henrik

    2003-01-01

    The paper presents technical designs of potential future flexible energy systems in Denmark, which will be able both to balance production and demand and to secure voltage and frequency requirements on the grid.......The paper presents technical designs of potential future flexible energy systems in Denmark, which will be able both to balance production and demand and to secure voltage and frequency requirements on the grid....

  6. Flexible Query Answering Systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems, FQAS 2017, held in London, UK, in June 2017. The 21 full papers presented in this book together with 4 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions...

  7. Dgroup: DG01664 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available /INN) D06070 ... Tenecteplase (USAN/INN) ... D05412 ... Monteplase (INN); Monteplase (genetical recombination) (JAN...) ... D05410 ... Pamiteplase (INN); Pamiteplase (genetical recombination) (JAN) D0825...6 ... Nateplase (INN) D03695 ... Desmoteplase (USAN/INN) D04665 ... Lanoteplase (USAN/INN); Lanoteplase (genetical re...combination) (JAN) D09814 ... Silteplase (INN); Silteplase (genetical recombination) (JAN) D09823 ... Duteplase (INN); Duteplase (genetica... DG01664 DGroup Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) -teplase ... D02837 ... Alteplase (USP/INN); Alteplase (geneti

  8. Dgroup: DG00177 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00177 Chemical ... DGroup Erythropoietin ... D03231 ... Epoetin alfa (USAN/INN); Epoetin... alfa (genetical recombination) (JP17) ... D03232 ... Epoetin beta (USAN/INN); Epoetin beta (genetical recombina...tion) (JP17) ... D04032 ... Epoetin delta (USAN) D09737 ... Epoetin kappa (INN); Epoetin kappa (genetical recombination) (Epoet...in alfa biosimilar 1) (JAN) ... D09998 ... Epoetin beta pegol (genetical ...recombination) (JAN) ... D10000 ... Epoetin epsilon (INN); Epoetin epsilon (genetical recombination) (JAN) D10846 ... Epoet

  9. Performance assessment of gate material engineered AlInN/GaN underlap DG MOSFET for enhanced carrier transport efficiency

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pardeshi, Hemant M.; Raj, Godwin; Pati, Sudhansu; Mohankumar, N.; Sarkar, Chandan Kumar

    2013-08-01

    In the work proposed, performance of dual material gate (DMG) AlInN/GaN underlap DG MOSFET has been analyzed and compared with the corresponding performance of single material gate (SMG) AlInN/GaN underlap DG MOSFET using Sentaurus TCAD device simulation. A systematic, quantitative investigation of key device metrics for DMG-DG device is presented and a comparison with SMG-DG device is done for a wide range of gate and underlap lengths. The key idea in this paper is to demonstrate the improved performance exhibited by DMG-DG device over SMG-DG device, due to enhanced carrier transport efficiency and suppressed short channel effect (SCE). Simulation reveals an improvement in drain current, drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL), Ion/Ioff, Delay and Energy Delay Product (EDP) for DMG-DG MOSFET as compared to SMG-DG MOSFET. Very high drain current of 6.7 mA/μm, low DIBL of 1.62 mV/V, high Ion/Ioff ratio of 4.044e107, low delay of 0.001 ps and low EDP of 1.37e-31 J s/μm are obtained for DGM-DG device. However, subthreshold slope (SS) for DMG-DG device is on higher side than SMG-DG. The proposed AlInN/GaN Heterostructure Underlap DGM-DG MOSFET shows excellent promise as one of the candidates to substitute present MOSFET for future high speed applications.

  10. Impacts on the Voltage Profile of DC Distribution Network with DG Access

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tu, J. J.; Yin, Z. D.

    2017-07-01

    With the development of electronic, more and more distributed generations (DGs) access into grid and cause the research fever of direct current (DC) distribution network. Considering distributed generation (DG) location and capacity have great impacts on voltage profile, so use IEEE9 and IEEE33 typical circuit as examples, with DGs access in centralized and decentralized mode, to compare voltage profile in alternating and direct current (AC/DC) distribution network. Introducing the voltage change ratio as an evaluation index, so gets the general results on voltage profile of DC distributed network with DG access. Simulation shows that, in the premise of reasonable location and capacity, DC distribution network is more suitable for DG access.

  11. A control approach for the operation of DG units under variations of interfacing impedance in grid-connected mode

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hoseini, S. Kazem; Pouresmaeil, E.; Hosseinnia, S. H.

    2016-01-01

    . However, the converter-based DG interface is subjected to the unexpected uncertainties, which highly influence performance of control loop of DG unit and operation of interfaced converter. The interfacing impedance seen by interfaced VSC may considerably vary in power grid, and the stability of interfaced...... converter is highly sensitive to the impacts of this impedance changes; then, DG unit cannot inject appropriate currents. To deal with the instability problem, a control method based on fractional order active sliding mode is proposed in this paper, which is less sensitive to variations of interfacing...... impedance. A fractional sliding surface, which demonstrates the desired dynamics of system is developed and then, the controller is designed in two phases as sliding and reaching phases to keep the control loop stable. Stability issues of the control method are discussed in details and the conditions...

  12. Differential uptake of FDG and DG during post-ischaemic reperfusion in the isolated, perfused rat heart

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Garlick, P.B.; Medina, R.A.; Southworth, R.; Marsden, P.K. [Department of Radiological Sciences, Guy' s, King' s and St. Thomas' School of Medicine, London (United Kingdom)

    1999-10-01

    Fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) and 2-deoxyglucose (DG) are widely used as tracers of glucose uptake in the myocardium. Although there is agreement that the two analogues behave similarly to glucose under control conditions, there is growing evidence that some interventions (e.g. insulin stimulation or ischaemia/reperfusion) cause differential changes in their behaviour. The addition of a two-surface coil nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe and a dual-perfusion cannula to our recently developed PET and NMR dual-acquisition (PANDA) system allows us to collect PET (FDG) images and phosphorus-31 NMR (2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate) spectra simultaneously from each independently perfused coronary bed of the heart. We have used this technique to study the effect of regional ischaemia/reperfusion on FDG and DG uptake in the isolated, perfused rat heart. During control perfusion, FDG uptake was almost identical in both coronary beds. When one coronary bed was made ischaemic, FDG uptake ceased on that side but continued on the control side. Reperfusion failed to restore FDG uptake. In contrast, NMR spectra showed that, during reperfusion, the uptake and phosphorylation of DG did not differ between the two coronary beds. The results thus demonstrate that regional myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion has different effects on the uptake of FDG and DG in the isolated, perfused rat heart. (orig.)

  13. Differential uptake of FDG and DG during post-ischaemic reperfusion in the isolated, perfused rat heart

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garlick, P.B.; Medina, R.A.; Southworth, R.; Marsden, P.K.

    1999-01-01

    Fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) and 2-deoxyglucose (DG) are widely used as tracers of glucose uptake in the myocardium. Although there is agreement that the two analogues behave similarly to glucose under control conditions, there is growing evidence that some interventions (e.g. insulin stimulation or ischaemia/reperfusion) cause differential changes in their behaviour. The addition of a two-surface coil nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe and a dual-perfusion cannula to our recently developed PET and NMR dual-acquisition (PANDA) system allows us to collect PET (FDG) images and phosphorus-31 NMR (2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate) spectra simultaneously from each independently perfused coronary bed of the heart. We have used this technique to study the effect of regional ischaemia/reperfusion on FDG and DG uptake in the isolated, perfused rat heart. During control perfusion, FDG uptake was almost identical in both coronary beds. When one coronary bed was made ischaemic, FDG uptake ceased on that side but continued on the control side. Reperfusion failed to restore FDG uptake. In contrast, NMR spectra showed that, during reperfusion, the uptake and phosphorylation of DG did not differ between the two coronary beds. The results thus demonstrate that regional myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion has different effects on the uptake of FDG and DG in the isolated, perfused rat heart. (orig.)

  14. Flexible Query Answering Systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems, FQAS 2013, held in Granada, Spain, in September 2013. The 59 full papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers...... are organized in a general session train and a parallel special session track. The general session train covers the following topics: querying-answering systems; semantic technology; patterns and classification; personalization and recommender systems; searching and ranking; and Web and human...

  15. A methodology for designing flexible multi-generation systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lythcke-Jørgensen, Christoffer Ernst; Viana Ensinas, Adriano; Münster, Marie

    2016-01-01

    An FMG (flexible multi-generation system) consists of integrated and flexibly operated facilities that provide multiple links between the various layers of the energy system. FMGs may facilitate integration and balancing of fluctuating renewable energy sources in the energy system in a cost...... is based on consideration of the following points: Selection, location and dimensioning of processes; systematic heat and mass integration; flexible operation optimization with respect to both short-term market fluctuations and long-term energy system development; global sensitivity and uncertainty...... analysis; biomass supply chains; variable part-load performance; and multi-objective optimization considering economic and environmental performance. Tested in a case study, the methodology is proved effective in screening the solution space for efficient FMG designs, in assessing the importance...

  16. A Functional Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Modified with PLA-PEG-DG as Tumor-Targeted MRI Contrast Agent.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiong, Fei; Hu, Ke; Yu, Haoli; Zhou, Lijun; Song, Lina; Zhang, Yu; Shan, Xiuhong; Liu, Jianping; Gu, Ning

    2017-08-01

    Tumor targeting could greatly promote the performance of magnetic nanomaterials as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) agent for tumor diagnosis. Herein, we reported a novel magnetic nanoparticle modified with PLA (poly lactic acid)-PEG (polyethylene glycol)-DG (D-glucosamine) as Tumor-targeted MRI Contrast Agent. In this work, we took use of the D-glucose passive targeting on tumor cells, combining it on PLA-PEG through amide reaction, and then wrapped the PLA-PEG-DG up to the Fe 3 O 4 @OA NPs. The stability and anti phagocytosis of Fe 3 O 4 @OA@PLA-PEG-DG was tested in vitro; the MRI efficiency and toxicity was also detected in vivo. These functional magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated good biocompatibility and stability both in vitro and in vivo. Cell experiments showed that Fe 3 O 4 @OA@PLA-PEG-DG nanoparticles exist good anti phagocytosis and high targetability. In vivo MRI images showed that the contrast effect of Fe 3 O 4 @OA@PLA-PEG-DG nanoparticles prevailed over the commercial non tumor-targeting magnetic nanomaterials MRI agent at a relatively low dose. The DG can validly enhance the tumor-targetting effect of Fe 3 O 4 @OA@PLA-PEG nanoparticle. Maybe MRI agents with DG can hold promise as tumor-targetting development in the future.

  17. Dgroup: DG01980 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG01980 DGroup Calcium ... D00931 ... Calcium acetate (USP) ... D00932 ... Calcium carbonat...e (USP); Precipitated calcium carbonate (JP17); Calcium carbonate, precipitated (JAN) ... D00933 ... Calcium citrate (USP) D00934 ... Calciu...m gluceptate (USP); Calcium glucoheptonate (INN) ... D00935 ... Calcium gluconate (USP) ... D00936 ... Calcium... lactate (USP) D00937 ... Calcium phosphate, dihydrate, dibasic (...USP); Dibasic calcium phosphate hydrate (JP17) ... D00938 ... Tricalcium phosphate D02254 ... Calcium lactate hydrate (JP17) ... D02256 ... Calc

  18. Dgroup: DG00093 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available DG00093 Chemical ... DGroup Prednisolone ... D00472 ... Prednisolone (JP17/USP/INN) ... D00980 ... Prednisolo...ne acetate (JP17/USP/INN) ... D00981 ... Prednisolone sodium phosphate (JP17/USP) ... D00982 ... Prednisolo...ne tebutate (JAN/USP) D01239 ... Prednisolone sodium succinate (JP17/USP) ... D01998 ... Prednisolone farnesy...late (JAN) ... D02156 ... Prednisolone hemisuccinate (USP); Prednisolone succinate (JP17) D03301 ... Prednisolo...ne valerate acetate (JAN) ... D08412 ... Prednisolone pivalate D08413 ... Prednisolone sodiu

  19. Designing flexible engineering systems utilizing embedded architecture options

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pierce, Jeff G.

    This dissertation develops and applies an integrated framework for embedding flexibility in an engineered system architecture. Systems are constantly faced with unpredictability in the operational environment, threats from competing systems, obsolescence of technology, and general uncertainty in future system demands. Current systems engineering and risk management practices have focused almost exclusively on mitigating or preventing the negative consequences of uncertainty. This research recognizes that high uncertainty also presents an opportunity to design systems that can flexibly respond to changing requirements and capture additional value throughout the design life. There does not exist however a formalized approach to designing appropriately flexible systems. This research develops a three stage integrated flexibility framework based on the concept of architecture options embedded in the system design. Stage One defines an eight step systems engineering process to identify candidate architecture options. This process encapsulates the operational uncertainty though scenario development, traces new functional requirements to the affected design variables, and clusters the variables most sensitive to change. The resulting clusters can generate insight into the most promising regions in the architecture to embed flexibility in the form of architecture options. Stage Two develops a quantitative option valuation technique, grounded in real options theory, which is able to value embedded architecture options that exhibit variable expiration behavior. Stage Three proposes a portfolio optimization algorithm, for both discrete and continuous options, to select the optimal subset of architecture options, subject to budget and risk constraints. Finally, the feasibility, extensibility and limitations of the framework are assessed by its application to a reconnaissance satellite system development problem. Detailed technical data, performance models, and cost estimates

  20. Glucose metabolism-weighted imaging with chemical exchange-sensitive MRI of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) in brain: Sensitivity and biological sources.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jin, Tao; Mehrens, Hunter; Wang, Ping; Kim, Seong-Gi

    2016-12-01

    Recent proof-of-principle studies have demonstrated the feasibility of measuring the uptake and metabolism of non-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) by a chemical exchange-sensitive spin-lock (CESL) MRI approach. In order to gain better understanding of this new approach, we performed dynamic in vivo CESL MRI on healthy rat brains with an intravenous injection of 2DG under various conditions at 9.4T. For three 2DG doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1g/kg, we found that 2DG-CESL signals increased linearly with injection dose at the initial (40min) suggesting time-dependent differential weightings of 2DG transport and metabolism. Remaining 2DG-CESL studies were performed with 0.25g/kg 2DG. Since a higher isoflurane level reduces glucose metabolism and increases blood flow, 2DG-CESL was measured under 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.2% isoflurane. The 2DG-CESL signal was reduced at higher isoflurane levels correlating well with the 2DG phosphorylation in the intracellular space. To detect regional heterogeneities of glucose metabolism, 2DG-CESL with 0.33×0.33×1.50mm 3 resolution was obtained, which indeed showed a higher response in the cortex compared to the corpus callosum. Lastly, unlike CESL MRI with the injection of non-transportable mannitol, the 2DG-CESL response decreased with an increased spin-lock pulse power confirming that 2DG-CESL is dominated by chemical exchange processes in the extravascular space. Taken together, our results showed that 2DG-CESL MRI signals mainly indicate glucose transport and metabolism and may be a useful biomarker for metabolic studies of normal and diseased brains. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. Flexible Receiver Radiation Detection System (FRRDS) Users Manual

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Troyer, G.L.

    1996-01-01

    The Flexible Receiver Radiation Detection System (FRRDS) comprises a control computer, a remote data acquisition subsystem, and three hyperpure germanium gamma radiation detectors. The scope of this document is the description of various steps for the orderly start-up, use, and shutdown of the FRRDS. Only those items necessary for these oprations are included. This document is a companion to WHC-SD-W151-UM-002, 'Operating Instructions for the 42 Inch Flexible Receiver,' WHC-SD-W151-UM-003, 'Operating Instructions for the 4-6 Inch Flexible Receiver,' and the vendor supplied system users guide (Ref. 6)

  2. [An Exploration of Working Conditions and Flexible System for Hospital Nurses].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Chung-I; Yu, Chien; Yu, Chin-Cheh

    2016-04-01

    The lack of sufficient numbers of professional nurses in the healthcare system in Taiwan is an issue that affects the sustainability of this system and that relates closely to working conditions. The present study explores the expectations that nurses hold with regard to working conditions and the operation of a flexible system in hospitals. A literature review and focus-group interviews were used to develop the questionnaire Working Conditions and Flexible System. A total of 1,150 copies of this questionnaire were distributed to practicing nurses using stratified random sampling, with 1,146 valid copies returned for a valid recovery rate of 99.65%. The results show that the expectations of participants concerning working conditions and a flexible system focus on the 6 factors of task, numerical, divisional, temporal, wages, and leading flexibility. The total mean was 4.35 (SD=0.42). The means for the 6 types of flexibility were all greater than 4.0. Participants deemed flexibility to be of high importance. The demographic variables hospital, work location, age, education level, work position, work unit, and total work years all affected the 6 types of flexibility significantly. The present study supports that the retention of nurses is significantly associated with working conditions and the operation of a flexible system. Administrators and mangers must create positive working conditions and a flexible system in order to enhance the retention and career development of nurses.

  3. Comparison and evaluation of flexible and stiff piping systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hahn, W.; Tang, H.T.; Tang, Y.K.

    1983-01-01

    An experimental and numerical study was performed on a piping system, with various support configurations, to assess the difference in piping response for flexible and stiff piping systems. Questions have arisen concerning a basic design philosophy employed in present day piping designs. One basic question is, the reliability of a flexible piping system greater than that of a stiff piping system by virtue of the fact that a flexible system has fewer snubber supports. With fewer snubbers, the pipe is less susceptible to inadvertent thermal stresses introduced by snubber malfunction during normal operation. In addition to the technical issue, the matter of cost savings in flexible piping system design is a significant one. The costs associated with construction, in-service inspection and maintenance are all significantly reduced by reducing the number of snubber supports. The evaluation study, sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute, was performed on a boiler feedwater line at Consolidated Edison's Indian Point Unit 1. In this study, the boiler feedwater line was tested and analyzed with two fundamentally different support systems. The first system was very flexible, employing rod and spring hangers, and represented the 'old' design philosophy. The pipe system was very flexible with this support system, due to the long pipe span lengths between supports and the fact that there was only one lateral support. This support did not provide much restraint since it was near an anchor. The second system employed strut and snubber supports and represented the 'modern' design philosophy. The pipe system was relatively stiff with this support system, primarily due to the increased number of supports, including lateral supports, thereby reducing the pipe span lengths between supports. The second support system was designed with removable supports to facilitate interchange of the supports with different support types (i.e., struts, mechanical snubbers and hydraulic

  4. A power structure over the Grothendieck ring of geometric dg categories

    OpenAIRE

    Gyenge, Ádám

    2017-01-01

    We prove the existence of an effective power structure over the Grothendieck ring of geometric dg categories. Using this power structure we show that the categorical zeta function of a geometric dg category can be expressed as a power with exponent the category itself. This implies a conjecture of Galkin and Shinder relating the motivic and categorical zeta functions of varieties. We also deduce a formula for the generating series of the classes of derived categories of the Hilbert scheme of ...

  5. Flexible Multibody Systems Models Using Composite Materials Components

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Neto, Maria Augusta; Ambr'osio, Jorge A. C.; Leal, Rog'erio Pereira

    2004-01-01

    The use of a multibody methodology to describe the large motion of complex systems that experience structural deformations enables to represent the complete system motion, the relative kinematics between the components involved, the deformation of the structural members and the inertia coupling between the large rigid body motion and the system elastodynamics. In this work, the flexible multibody dynamics formulations of complex models are extended to include elastic components made of composite materials, which may be laminated and anisotropic. The deformation of any structural member must be elastic and linear, when described in a coordinate frame fixed to one or more material points of its domain, regardless of the complexity of its geometry. To achieve the proposed flexible multibody formulation, a finite element model for each flexible body is used. For the beam composite material elements, the sections properties are found using an asymptotic procedure that involves a two-dimensional finite element analysis of their cross-section. The equations of motion of the flexible multibody system are solved using an augmented Lagrangian formulation and the accelerations and velocities are integrated in time using a multi-step multi-order integration algorithm based on the Gear method

  6. Intelligent Bus Stops in the Flexible Bus Systems

    OpenAIRE

    Razi Iqbal; Muhammad Usman Ghani

    2014-01-01

    The purpose of this paper is to discuss Intelligent Bus Stops in a special Demand Responsive Transit (DRT), the Flexible Bus System. These Intelligent Bus Stops are more efficient and information rich than Traditional Bus Stops. The real time synchronization of the Flexible Bus System makes it unique as compared to Traditional Bus Systems. The Main concern is to make Bus Stops intelligent and information rich. Buses are informed about the no. of passengers waiting at the upcoming ...

  7. Changes in Policy and Market and Network Regulation to Increase Power Generation by Renewables and DG in the EU

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Van Oostvoorn, F.; Van der Welle, A.

    2009-01-01

    Recently the importance of 'Large scale DER integration' has increased as means to meet the ambitious 2020 EU policy objectives and targets for RES, emissions reductions and energy efficiency. Increasing the role of RES and DG (Renewable Energy Sources and Distributed Generation or DER) in supply is also highly beneficial for reducing EU dependency on gas and oil imports. In this EU context, it is important to review the current barriers, support policies and network regulation for integration of more DG, RES and small scale CHP (Combined Heat and Power) in the power systems. Several studies conducted for the EU and led by the ECN (Energy research Centre of the Netherlands) reveal that currently, in some, mainly new, Member States, the contribution of RES and DG is still very low. However, in coming decades the share of variable RES-E sources should become much larger in many EU countries. Note that 20% RES in a country in 2020 implies a share of electricity supply by RES of about 30% or more. Currently, countries like Denmark and Spain, already experience such a large contribution of (mostly intermittent type) renewables and this is already negatively impacting power system costs. Now the question arises whether or not we can increase the contribution of RES to the power supply beyond 20-30% without raising system inefficiency and what changes in system conditions and market and network regulation are necessary to efficiently absorb large volumes of so called intermittent RES supply resources. Based on findings from several large EU projects promoting the role of RES and DG in the power supply, the authors discuss and present the different barriers and solutions that should facilitate meeting the ambitious EU policy targets for RES in 2020

  8. Market and regulatory incentives for cost efficient integration of DG in the electricity system. IMPROGRES project final report

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nieuwenhout, F.D.J.; Jansen, J.C.; Van der Welle, A.J. [ECN Policy Studies, Petten (Netherlands); Olmos, L.; Cossent, R.; Gomez, T. [Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid (Spain); Poot, J.; Bongaerts, M. [Liander, Duiven (Netherlands); Trebolle, D. [Union Fenosa Distribucion, Madrid (Spain); Doersam, B. [MVV Energie, Mannheim (Germany); Bofinger, S.; Gerhardt, N. [Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology, IWES, Bremerhaven (Germany); Jacobsen, H.; Ropenus, S.; Schroeder, S. [Risoe National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark DTU, Roskilde (Denmark); Auer, H.; Weissensteiner, L.; Prueggler, W.; Obersteiner, C.; Zach, K. [Energy Economics Group EEG, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna (Austria)

    2010-05-15

    Achieving the European target of 20% reduction of greenhouse gases in 2020 relies for a major part on increasing the share of renewable electricity generation, and more efficient fossil fuel based generation in combined heat and power installations. Most of these renewable and CHP generators are smaller in size than conventional power plants and are therefore usually connected to distribution grids instead of transmission grids. Different support schemes for renewable energy sources (RES) have been successfully implemented and have resulted in a rapid growth of distributed generation (DG). IMPROGRES scenario analysis shows that the installed capacity of DG in the EU-25 is expected to increase from 201 GW in 2008 to about 317 GW in 2020. A large part of this increase will be made up of more variable and less controllable renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaics.

  9. Market and regulatory incentives for cost efficient integration of DG in the electricity system. IMPROGRES project final report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nieuwenhout, F.D.J.; Jansen, J.C.; Van der Welle, A.J.; Olmos, L.; Cossent, R.; Gomez, T.; Poot, J.; Bongaerts, M.; Trebolle, D.; Doersam, B.; Bofinger, S.; Gerhardt, N.; Jacobsen, H.; Ropenus, S.; Schroeder, S.; Auer, H.; Weissensteiner, L.; Prueggler, W.; Obersteiner, C.; Zach, K.

    2010-05-01

    Achieving the European target of 20% reduction of greenhouse gases in 2020 relies for a major part on increasing the share of renewable electricity generation, and more efficient fossil fuel based generation in combined heat and power installations. Most of these renewable and CHP generators are smaller in size than conventional power plants and are therefore usually connected to distribution grids instead of transmission grids. Different support schemes for renewable energy sources (RES) have been successfully implemented and have resulted in a rapid growth of distributed generation (DG). IMPROGRES scenario analysis shows that the installed capacity of DG in the EU-25 is expected to increase from 201 GW in 2008 to about 317 GW in 2020. A large part of this increase will be made up of more variable and less controllable renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaics.

  10. HiCoDG: a hierarchical data-gathering scheme using cooperative multiple mobile elements.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Van Le, Duc; Oh, Hoon; Yoon, Seokhoon

    2014-12-17

    In this paper, we study mobile element (ME)-based data-gathering schemes in wireless sensor networks. Due to the physical speed limits of mobile elements, the existing data-gathering schemes that use mobile elements can suffer from high data-gathering latency. In order to address this problem, this paper proposes a new hierarchical and cooperative data-gathering (HiCoDG) scheme that enables multiple mobile elements to cooperate with each other to collect and relay data. In HiCoDG, two types of mobile elements are used: the mobile collector (MC) and the mobile relay (MR). MCs collect data from sensors and forward them to the MR, which will deliver them to the sink. In this work, we also formulated an integer linear programming (ILP) optimization problem to find the optimal trajectories for MCs and the MR, such that the traveling distance of MEs is minimized. Two variants of HiCoDG, intermediate station (IS)-based and cooperative movement scheduling (CMS)-based, are proposed to facilitate cooperative data forwarding from MCs to the MR. An analytical model for estimating the average data-gathering latency in HiCoDG was also designed. Simulations were performed to compare the performance of the IS and CMS variants, as well as a multiple traveling salesman problem (mTSP)-based approach. The simulation results show that HiCoDG outperforms mTSP in terms of latency. The results also show that CMS can achieve the lowest latency with low energy consumption.

  11. HiCoDG: A Hierarchical Data-Gathering Scheme Using Cooperative Multiple Mobile Elements

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Duc Van Le

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, we study mobile element (ME-based data-gathering schemes in wireless sensor networks. Due to the physical speed limits of mobile elements, the existing data-gathering schemes that usemobile elements can suffer from high data-gathering latency. In order to address this problem, this paper proposes a new hierarchical and cooperative data-gathering (HiCoDG scheme that enables multiple mobile elements to cooperate with each other to collect and relay data. In HiCoDG, two types of mobile elements are used: the mobile collector (MC and the mobile relay (MR. MCs collect data from sensors and forward them to the MR, which will deliver them to the sink. In this work, we also formulated an integer linear programming (ILP optimization problem to find the optimal trajectories for MCs and the MR, such that the traveling distance of MEs is minimized. Two variants of HiCoDG, intermediate station (IS-based and cooperative movement scheduling (CMS-based, are proposed to facilitate cooperative data forwarding from MCs to theMR. An analytical model for estimating the average data-gathering latency in HiCoDG was also designed. Simulations were performed to compare the performance of the IS and CMS variants, as well as a multiple traveling salesman problem (mTSP-based approach. The simulation results show that HiCoDG outperformsmTSP in terms of latency. The results also show that CMS can achieve the lowest latency with low energy consumption.

  12. Design, Implementation, and Analysis for an Improved Multiple Inverter Microgrid System

    OpenAIRE

    Chen, Chien-Liang

    2011-01-01

    Distributed generation (DG) is getting more and more popular due to the environmentally-friendly feature, the new generation unit developments, and the ability to operate in a remote area. By clustering the paralleled DGs, storage system and loads, a microgrid (MG) can offer a power system with increased reliability, flexibility, cost effectiveness, and energy efficient feature. Popular energy sources like photovoltaic modules (PV), wind turbines, and fuel cells require the pow...

  13. Backup flexibility classes in emerging large-scale renewable electricity systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schlachtberger, D.P.; Becker, S.; Schramm, S.; Greiner, M.

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Flexible backup demand in a European wind and solar based power system is modelled. • Three flexibility classes are defined based on production and consumption timescales. • Seasonal backup capacities are shown to be only used below 50% renewable penetration. • Large-scale transmission between countries can reduce fast flexible capacities. - Abstract: High shares of intermittent renewable power generation in a European electricity system will require flexible backup power generation on the dominant diurnal, synoptic, and seasonal weather timescales. The same three timescales are already covered by today’s dispatchable electricity generation facilities, which are able to follow the typical load variations on the intra-day, intra-week, and seasonal timescales. This work aims to quantify the changing demand for those three backup flexibility classes in emerging large-scale electricity systems, as they transform from low to high shares of variable renewable power generation. A weather-driven modelling is used, which aggregates eight years of wind and solar power generation data as well as load data over Germany and Europe, and splits the backup system required to cover the residual load into three flexibility classes distinguished by their respective maximum rates of change of power output. This modelling shows that the slowly flexible backup system is dominant at low renewable shares, but its optimized capacity decreases and drops close to zero once the average renewable power generation exceeds 50% of the mean load. The medium flexible backup capacities increase for modest renewable shares, peak at around a 40% renewable share, and then continuously decrease to almost zero once the average renewable power generation becomes larger than 100% of the mean load. The dispatch capacity of the highly flexible backup system becomes dominant for renewable shares beyond 50%, and reach their maximum around a 70% renewable share. For renewable shares

  14. A new approach for optimum DG placement and sizing based on voltage stability maximization and minimization of power losses

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aman, M.M.; Jasmon, G.B.; Bakar, A.H.A.; Mokhlis, H.

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: • A new algorithm is proposed for optimum DG placement and sizing.• I 2 R losses minimization and voltage stability maximization is considered in fitness function.• Bus voltage stability and line stability is considered in voltage stability maximization.• Multi-objective PSO is used to solve the problem.• Proposed method is compared with analytical and grid search algorithm. - Abstract: Distributed Generation (DG) placement on the basis of minimization of losses and maximization of system voltage stability are two different approaches, discussed in research. In the new proposed algorithm, a multi-objective approach is used to combine the both approaches together. Minimization of power losses and maximization of voltage stability due to finding weakest voltage bus as well as due to weakest link in the system are considered in the fitness function. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used in this paper to solve the multi-objective problem. This paper will also compare the propose method with existing DG placement methods. From results, the proposed method is found more advantageous than the previous work in terms of voltage profile improvement, maximization of system loadability, reduction in power system losses and maximization of bus and line voltage stability. The results are validated on 12-bus, 30-bus, 33-bus and 69-bus radial distribution networks and also discussed in detailed

  15. CERN High School Teachers Training Programme meets DG

    CERN Multimedia

    Brice, Maximilien

    2014-01-01

    CERN's DG Rolf Heuer met with the participants of the High School Teachers Training Programme on 23 July 2014 for a Q&A Session. Following the interaction, he met with the HST Working Group collaborating on a lesson plan for teaching SESAME in high schools.

  16. Towards Flexible Self-powered Micro-scale Integrated Systems

    KAUST Repository

    Rojas, Jhonathan Prieto

    2014-04-01

    Today’s information-centered world leads the ever-increasing consumer demand for more powerful, multifunctional portable devices. Additionally, recent developments on long-lasting energy sources and compliant, flexible systems, have introduced new required features to the portable devices industry. For example, wireless sensor networks are in urgent need of self-sustainable, easy-to-deploy, mobile platforms, wirelessly interconnected and accessible through a cloud computing system. The objective of my doctoral work is to develop integration strategies to effectively fabricate mechanically flexible, energy-independent systems, which could empower sensor networks for a great variety of new exciting applications. The first module, flexible electronics, can be achieved through several techniques and materials. Our main focus is to bring mechanical flexibility to the state-of-the-art high performing silicon-based electronics, with billions of ultra-low power, nano-sized transistors. Therefore, we have developed a low-cost batch fabrication process to transform standard, rigid, mono-crystalline silicon (100) wafer with devices, into a thin (5-20 m), mechanically flexible, optically semi-transparent silicon fabric. Recycling of the remaining wafer is possible, enabling generation of multiple fabrics to ensure lowcost and optimal utilization of the whole substrate. We have shown mono, amorphous and poly-crystalline silicon and silicon dioxide fabrics, featuring industry’s most advanced high-/metal-gate based capacitors and transistors. The second module consists on the development of efficient energy scavenging systems. First, we have identified an innovative and relatively young technology, which can address at the same time two of the main concerns of human kind: water and energy. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are capable of producing energy out the metabolism of bacteria while treating wastewater. We have developed two micro-liter MFC designs, one with carbon

  17. Flexible applicator systems for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatic tumors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gebauer, B.; Gaffke, G.; Felix, R.; Stroszczynski, C.; Huenerbein, M.

    2003-01-01

    Purpose: To report our experience with flexible applicators in radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatic tumors. Materials and Methods: In 6 liver tumors in 6 patients, a flexible RFA-applicator system (RITA StarBurst FLEX, RITA Medical Systems, Mountain View, CA, USA) was placed under CT guidance. The Seldinger technique with an 11G access system (RITA StarBurst Access) was used to place the application system into the liver. Before and within a week after the ablation, all tumors were investigated with contrast-enhanced MRI. Results: The Seldinger technique accommodated the placement of a thin 17.5-gauge needle for the initial puncture, enabling easy adjustment of the position of the needle. The flexible applicator of the RFA system could be placed in 4.5 (±1.8) minutes on average. Conclusion: Flexible applicators facilitate CT-guided RFA and can be placed using the Seldinger technique. (orig.) [de

  18. June Council - DG presentation to personnel / Conseil de juin - présentation de la DG au personnel

    CERN Multimedia

    CERN. Geneva

    2017-01-01

    Please note that the DG presentation will be transmitted also in the following rooms: Council Chamber - 503-1-001 IT Amphitheatre - 31-3-004 Kjell Johnsen Auditorium - 30-7-018 Prevessin 864-1-B04 Simultaneous interpreting into French and English will be available in the Main Auditorium. Une interprétation simultanée en français et en anglais sera disponible dans l'amphithéâtre principal.  

  19. Molecular species analysis of phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DG) in rat mast cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kennerly, D.A.

    1987-01-01

    The metabolism of DG, PA and PI were studied in purified rat mast cells to determine whether generally accepted pathways of PI metabolism could explain the pattern of fatty acids seen in these intermediates. A method was developed to separate and quantitate by mass (for DG) or endogenous labeling (for PA and PI) the different molecular species of each lipid that are defined by their component fatty acids. The resultant molecular species fingerprint for each lipid was examined to see if it was similar to other intermediates in the PI cycle. For each class of compounds the percent in a given subclass was recorded. Stimulation caused a reduction of more saturated subclasses and/or an increase in AA containing compounds in PA, PI and DG. The relative similarity of subclasses of 32 P-PA and 32 P-PI supports the view that they are metabolically related. The relative absence of AA-containing species of DG suggests that most of the stimulated increase of DG was not produced by PI hydrolysis

  20. Production Flexibility in Extensive Beef Farming Systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Astigarraga

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work is to assess the flexibility of production allowed by extensive production conditions faced with variations in the environment, i.e., market variations and climatic fluctuations, of Limousin beef systems. The study used a case-based methodology in which seven beef farms with less than 1 LU/ha were chosen. Data collection was based on three interviews using a semistructured questionnaire and on the analysis of productive and economic results over a 15-year period (1991-2005. The main evolution of these farms is related to a rise in work productivity associated with an increase in herd size. Herd increase was made possible by enlarging the area, the margin of intensification being limited in these regions. To take advantage of the enlarged land area, females were reared for fattening or for reproduction instead of selling them at weaning. The Limousin female provides a wide product mix because of its plasticity, as has been studied by several researchers. This mix flexibility is achieved by delaying product differentiation, a form of production flexibility that can reduce the risk of under-producing or over-producing varied product configurations. On the other hand, calves sold to the Italian market after weaning are generic products, associated with a flexible production process to overcome fluctuations in forage availability due to climatic variations. The introduction of maize silage for feeding acts as an alternative route, actual and potential, through the system to overcome unexpected forage shortage from natural grasslands as a result of droughts. The study shows that extensive farming systems have developed types of flexibility to match different factors of uncertainty from the environment. Finally, the issue of farm system performance is thus not so much a question of whether a farm is fit at a specific moment in time, but whether it transforms into a less or more sustainable orientation.

  1. Guanabara Bay and Pecem LNG flexible metering systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Torres, Vinicus Roberto C.; Carvalho, Gustavo L.A.; Bruel, Edson L.; Santana, Jose P.C. de; Vidal, Lud C.C.N. [PETROBRAS S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2009-12-19

    This work presents to the community the metering systems installed in the Liquefied Natural (LNG) Gas Flexible Terminals of the Pecem Port and Guanabara Bay. A brief description of the Terminals facilities and its operation is firstly made to provide a background of the systems discussed. Then, the LNG custody transfer metering system, the operational control metering system, the energy balance of the LNG transferring system and the Natural Gas custody transfer metering system - that are our systems of interest - are described in detail. It is intended to use the philosophy adopted in the Guanabara Bay and Pecem Flexible Terminals design as a standard to future installations, integrated with improvements brought by the operation experience that will be obtained in those terminals. (author)

  2. The Energy System of the Future is Smart and Flexible

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pallesen, Trine; Karnøe, Peter; Holm Jacobsen, Peter

    and policy makers are debating the possible organization of a system based on 100% renewables and the market design providing the best ‘fit’ for this system. Despite controversies, one thing seems clear: the energy system of the future is smart and flexible. But what smart and flexible means – and how...

  3. Reactive power and voltage control strategy based on dynamic and adaptive segment for DG inverter

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhai, Jianwei; Lin, Xiaoming; Zhang, Yongjun

    2018-03-01

    The inverter of distributed generation (DG) can support reactive power to help solve the problem of out-of-limit voltage in active distribution network (ADN). Therefore, a reactive voltage control strategy based on dynamic and adaptive segment for DG inverter is put forward to actively control voltage in this paper. The proposed strategy adjusts the segmented voltage threshold of Q(U) droop curve dynamically and adaptively according to the voltage of grid-connected point and the power direction of adjacent downstream line. And then the reactive power reference of DG inverter can be got through modified Q(U) control strategy. The reactive power of inverter is controlled to trace the reference value. The proposed control strategy can not only control the local voltage of grid-connected point but also help to maintain voltage within qualified range considering the terminal voltage of distribution feeder and the reactive support for adjacent downstream DG. The scheme using the proposed strategy is compared with the scheme without the reactive support of DG inverter and the scheme using the Q(U) control strategy with constant segmented voltage threshold. The simulation results suggest that the proposed method has a significant improvement on solving the problem of out-of-limit voltage, restraining voltage variation and improving voltage quality.

  4. Dgroup: DG01752 [KEGG MEDICUS

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available (USAN/INN); Interferon alfa-2a (genetical recombination) (JAN) ... D02745 ... Interferon alfa-2b (USAN); Interferon alfa-2b (genetica... Interferon alfa-n3 (USAN) DG01751 ... Interferon beta ... D00746 ... Interferon beta-1b (USAN/INN); Interferon beta-1b (genetica...D00747 ... Interferon gamma-1b (USAN/INN) ... D03357 ... Interferon gamma-1a (genetical recombination) (JAN) ... D...08805 ... Interferon gamma-n1 (JAN) D02744 ... Interferon alfacon-1 (USAN/INN); Interferon alfacon-1 (genetical re...combination) (JAN) D02747 ... Peginterferon alfa-2a (USAN/INN); Peginterferon alfa-2a (genetica

  5. Financial Flexibility as a Phenomenon of Manifestation of Flexibility of the Financial System at the Micro-level

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laktionova Oleksandra A.

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available The article considers financial flexibility of economic subjects in the context of specific features of manifestation of this property at the micro-level of the financial system. It generalises various theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of the financial flexibility in the context of motives of its formation, sources and instruments of realisation. It specifies criteria of financial flexibility: manoeuvrability, efficiency and economy. It studies interrelation between the financial flexibility and financial restrictions at the micro-level and, consequently, factors that determine them: capital market imperfection, development level and structure of the financial system, cyclicity of economy, and company characteristics (including financial architecture. The article describes their distinguishing features. It states that apart from maintaining the financial flexibility during formation of money reserves and debt load resource the companies can be guided by other motives. It offers classification of types of financial flexibility based on the sources and goals of formation, influence upon the financial potential, stages of reproduction of financial resources, the instruments used, engaged elements of the financial mechanism, stages of the business cycle and types of the used financial resources.

  6. Valuing flexibilities in the design of urban water management systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deng, Yinghan; Cardin, Michel-Alexandre; Babovic, Vladan; Santhanakrishnan, Deepak; Schmitter, Petra; Meshgi, Ali

    2013-12-15

    Climate change and rapid urbanization requires decision-makers to develop a long-term forward assessment on sustainable urban water management projects. This is further complicated by the difficulties of assessing sustainable designs and various design scenarios from an economic standpoint. A conventional valuation approach for urban water management projects, like Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis, fails to incorporate uncertainties, such as amount of rainfall, unit cost of water, and other uncertainties associated with future changes in technological domains. Such approach also fails to include the value of flexibility, which enables managers to adapt and reconfigure systems over time as uncertainty unfolds. This work describes an integrated framework to value investments in urban water management systems under uncertainty. It also extends the conventional DCF analysis through explicit considerations of flexibility in systems design and management. The approach incorporates flexibility as intelligent decision-making mechanisms that enable systems to avoid future downside risks and increase opportunities for upside gains over a range of possible futures. A water catchment area in Singapore was chosen to assess the value of a flexible extension of standard drainage canals and a flexible deployment of a novel water catchment technology based on green roofs and porous pavements. Results show that integrating uncertainty and flexibility explicitly into the decision-making process can reduce initial capital expenditure, improve value for investment, and enable decision-makers to learn more about system requirements during the lifetime of the project. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. [Effect of 5-HT1A receptors in the hippocampal DG on active avoidance learning in rats].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jiang, Feng-ze; Lv, Jing; Wang, Dan; Jiang, Hai-ying; Li, Ying-shun; Jin, Qing-hua

    2015-01-01

    To investigate the effects of serotonin (5-HTIA) receptors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) on active avoidance learning in rats. Totally 36 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, antagonist group and agonist group(n = 12). Active avoidance learning ability of rats was assessed by the shuttle box. The extracellular concentrations of 5-HT in the DG during active avoidance conditioned reflex were measured by microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Then the antagonist (WAY-100635) or agonist (8-OH-DPAT) of the 5-HT1A receptors were microinjected into the DG region, and the active avoidance learning was measured. (1) During the active avoidance learning, the concentration of 5-HT in the hippocampal DG was significantly increased in the extinction but not establishment in the conditioned reflex, which reached 164.90% ± 26.07% (P active avoidance learning. (3) The microinjection of 8-OH-DPAT(an agonist of 5-HT1A receptor) into the DG significantly facilitated the establishment process and inhibited the extinction process during active avoidance conditioned reflex. The data suggest that activation of 5-HT1A receptors in hipocampal DG may facilitate active avoidance learning and memory in rats.

  8. Flexibility and trackability of laser cut coronary stent systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Szabadíts, Péter; Puskás, Zsolt; Dobránszky, János

    2009-01-01

    Coronary stents are the most important supports in present day cardiology. Flexibility and trackability are two basic features of stents. In this paper, four different balloon-expandable coronary stent systems were investigated mechanically in order to compare their suitability. The coronary stent systems were assessed by measurements of stent flexibility as well as by comparison of forces during simulated stenting in a self-investigated coronary vessel model. The stents were cut by laser from a single tube of 316L stainless steel or L-605 (CoCr) cobalt chromium alloy. The one-and four-point bending tests were carried out to evaluate the stent flexibility E x I (Nmm(2)), under displacement control in crimped and expanded configurations. The flexibility of stents would be rather dependent on the design than on raw material. In general a more flexible stent needs lower tracking force during the implantation. The L-605 raw material stents need lower track force to pass through in the vessel model than the 316L raw material stents. The sort and long stents passed through the curved vessel model in different ways. The long stents nestled to the vessel wall at the outer arc and bent, while the short stents did not bend in the curve, only the delivery systems bent.

  9. Fenpropathrin biodegradation pathway in Bacillus sp. DG-02 and its potential for bioremediation of pyrethroid-contaminated soils.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Shaohua; Chang, Changqing; Deng, Yinyue; An, Shuwen; Dong, Yi Hu; Zhou, Jianuan; Hu, Meiying; Zhong, Guohua; Zhang, Lian-Hui

    2014-03-12

    The widely used insecticide fenpropathrin in agriculture has become a public concern because of its heavy environmental contamination and toxic effects on mammals, yet little is known about the kinetic and metabolic behaviors of this pesticide. This study reports the degradation kinetics and metabolic pathway of fenpropathrin in Bacillus sp. DG-02, previously isolated from the pyrethroid-manufacturing wastewater treatment system. Up to 93.3% of 50 mg L(-1) fenpropathrin was degraded by Bacillus sp. DG-02 within 72 h, and the degradation rate parameters qmax, Ks, and Ki were determined to be 0.05 h(-1), 9.0 mg L(-1), and 694.8 mg L(-1), respectively. Analysis of the degradation products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to identification of seven metabolites of fenpropathrin, which suggest that fenpropathrin could be degraded first by cleavage of its carboxylester linkage and diaryl bond, followed by degradation of the aromatic ring and subsequent metabolism. In addition to degradation of fenpropathrin, this strain was also found to be capable of degrading a wide range of synthetic pyrethroids including deltamethrin, λ-cyhalothrin, β-cypermethrin, β-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, and permethrin, which are also widely used insecticides with environmental contamination problems with the degradation process following the first-order kinetic model. Bioaugmentation of fenpropathrin-contaminated soils with strain DG-02 significantly enhanced the disappearance rate of fenpropathrin, and its half-life was sharply reduced in the soils. Taken together, these results depict the biodegradation mechanisms of fenpropathrin and also highlight the promising potentials of Bacillus sp. DG-02 in bioremediation of pyrethroid-contaminated soils.

  10. Flexibility configurations and preventive maintenance impact on job-shop manufacturing systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Paolo Renna

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Manufacturing systems need to be able to work under the dynamic and uncertain production environment. Machine and routing flexibility combined with preventive maintenance actions can improve the performance of the manufacturing systems under dynamic conditions. This paper evaluates different levels of machine and routing flexibility combined with different degrees of preventive maintenance policy. The performance measures considered are throughput, work in process and throughput. The performance measures are compared with a system without any flexibility and no preventive maintenance actions. Different levels of flexibility and preventive maintenance actions are examined under a simulation environment. The simulation results highlight more important factors for the performance measures and the best combination of the factors to improve the performance.

  11. HiCoDG: A Hierarchical Data-Gathering Scheme Using Cooperative Multiple Mobile Elements †

    Science.gov (United States)

    Van Le, Duc; Oh, Hoon; Yoon, Seokhoon

    2014-01-01

    In this paper, we study mobile element (ME)-based data-gathering schemes in wireless sensor networks. Due to the physical speed limits of mobile elements, the existing data-gathering schemes that use mobile elements can suffer from high data-gathering latency. In order to address this problem, this paper proposes a new hierarchical and cooperative data-gathering (HiCoDG) scheme that enables multiple mobile elements to cooperate with each other to collect and relay data. In HiCoDG, two types of mobile elements are used: the mobile collector (MC) and the mobile relay (MR). MCs collect data from sensors and forward them to the MR, which will deliver them to the sink. In this work, we also formulated an integer linear programming (ILP) optimization problem to find the optimal trajectories for MCs and the MR, such that the traveling distance of MEs is minimized. Two variants of HiCoDG, intermediate station (IS)-based and cooperative movement scheduling (CMS)-based, are proposed to facilitate cooperative data forwarding from MCs to the MR. An analytical model for estimating the average data-gathering latency in HiCoDG was also designed. Simulations were performed to compare the performance of the IS and CMS variants, as well as a multiple traveling salesman problem (mTSP)-based approach. The simulation results show that HiCoDG outperforms mTSP in terms of latency. The results also show that CMS can achieve the lowest latency with low energy consumption. PMID:25526356

  12. Flexible Early Warning Systems with Workflows and Decision Tables

    Science.gov (United States)

    Riedel, F.; Chaves, F.; Zeiner, H.

    2012-04-01

    An essential part of early warning systems and systems for crisis management are decision support systems that facilitate communication and collaboration. Often official policies specify how different organizations collaborate and what information is communicated to whom. For early warning systems it is crucial that information is exchanged dynamically in a timely manner and all participants get exactly the information they need to fulfil their role in the crisis management process. Information technology obviously lends itself to automate parts of the process. We have experienced however that in current operational systems the information logistics processes are hard-coded, even though they are subject to change. In addition, systems are tailored to the policies and requirements of a certain organization and changes can require major software refactoring. We seek to develop a system that can be deployed and adapted to multiple organizations with different dynamic runtime policies. A major requirement for such a system is that changes can be applied locally without affecting larger parts of the system. In addition to the flexibility regarding changes in policies and processes, the system needs to be able to evolve; when new information sources become available, it should be possible to integrate and use these in the decision process. In general, this kind of flexibility comes with a significant increase in complexity. This implies that only IT professionals can maintain a system that can be reconfigured and adapted; end-users are unable to utilise the provided flexibility. In the business world similar problems arise and previous work suggested using business process management systems (BPMS) or workflow management systems (WfMS) to guide and automate early warning processes or crisis management plans. However, the usability and flexibility of current WfMS are limited, because current notations and user interfaces are still not suitable for end-users, and workflows

  13. The biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 99Tcmm-EC-DG in normal volunteers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tang Jun; Yang Yi; Liu Zengli; Shi Yizhen

    2010-01-01

    The objective of this study is to evaluate the biodistribution of technetium-99m labeled ethylenedicysteine-deoxyglucose ( 99 Tc m -EC-DG) and to calculate its internal radiation absorbed dose in normal volunteers. 740 MBq 99 Tc m -EC-DG was injected into the antecubital vein. 2 ml blood were sampled from the contralateral antecubital vein at different time after the injection, and its radioactivity was measured. The bi-exponential curve of time-radioactivity of blood and the dynamic parameters were obtained by using ORIGIN 5.0. Urine was collected in 24 hours after the injection and the percentage of Radioactivity excreted by urine to the total injected radioactivity was calculated. The anterior and posterior whole body imaging were acquired at different time after the injection of 740 MBq 99 Tc m -EC-DG. The region of interest of these referring organs and tissues was drawn, their radioactivity at different time was calculated. The bi-exponential curve of time-radioactivity of every organ was obtained by using ORIGIN 5.0, and then cumulated radioactivity and retaining time of 99 Tcm-EC-DG were calculated and input into the software MIRDOSE 3.0 to obtain the radiation absorbed dose of every organ and tissue. The heart rate, blood pressure and breathing frequency is normal after the injection. The male volunteer's T1/2α is 39 seconds, T1/2β is 59 minutes and that of female volunteer is 21 seconds and 61 minutes. 99 Tc m -EC-DG imaging is safe, and its characteristic of biodistribution in normal volunteer makes it easy to accumulate in tumor. Brain is not imaged, the uptake of muscle is low. The absorbed dose of every organ is far lower than that of the public annual average limitation. (authors)

  14. Computer-assisted analyses of (/sup 14/C)2-DG autoradiographs employing a general purpose image processing system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Porro, C; Biral, G P [Modena Univ. (Italy). Ist. di Fisiologia Umana; Fonda, S; Baraldi, P [Modena Univ. (Italy). Lab. di Bioingegneria della Clinica Oculistica; Cavazzuti, M [Modena Univ. (Italy). Clinica Neurologica

    1984-09-01

    A general purpose image processing system is described including B/W TV camera, high resolution image processor and display system (TESAK VDC 501), computer (DEC PDP 11/23) and monochrome and color monitors. Images may be acquired from a microscope equipped with a TV camera or using the TV in direct viewing; the A/D converter and the image processor provides fast (40 ms) and precise (512x512 data points) digitization of TV signal with a 256 gray levels maximum resolution. Computer programs have been developed in order to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of autoradiographs obtained with the 2-DG method, which are written in FORTRAN and MACRO 11 Assembly Language. They include: (1) procedures designed to recognize errors in acquisition due to possible image shading and correct them via software; (2) routines suitable for qualitative analyses of the whole image or selected regions of it, providing the opportunity for pseudocolor coding, statistics, graphic overlays; (3) programs permitting the conversion of gray levels into metabolic rates of glucose utilization and the display of gray- or color-coded metabolic maps.

  15. A novel islanding detection scheme for synchronous distributed generation using rate of change of exciter voltage over reactive power at DG-Side

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rostami, Ali; Bagheri, Marzieh; Naderi, Seyed Behzad

    2017-01-01

    , the reactive power at DG-side and exciter voltage parameters are selected. The performance of the proposed method is investigated in MATLAB/Simulink software on a sample network in the presence of synchronous diesel-generator. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method is capable to detect all......Penetration of distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks is rapidly increasing. DGs' application enhances system's reliability and power quality. However, along their benefits, there are some issues. One of the most important issues of DGs' application is the islanding. This paper...... of the synchronous generator. Therefore, due to lack of inertia, response of these parameters to small changes is faster than the other passive parameters such as frequency. However, the sensitivity of reactive power at the DG-side and the exciter voltage is much more than reactive power and voltage of the load. So...

  16. Flexibility of Supply Chain in Industrialised Building System (IBS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kassim U.

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available It is irrefutable that the construction industry is in need of a highly technological construction method or system for the simple aim of giving it a push it deserves. In Malaysia this technologically enhanced method is known as the Indutrialised Building System (IBS. Concerted efforts have been made for the past decade by various responsible parties especially by the government. Therefore, the IBS ‘Road Map’ 2003–2010 was introduced and now continues with the IBS ‘road map’ 2011-2015. However, its performance is still at its infancy, which target is only at an initial stage. This study seeks to identify and analyse the factor of the IBS’ system’s supply chain flexibility as a factor on the success of the system itself. It has been a suspicion that there exists a condition and situation where the supply chain is too rigid and is not flexible in fulfilling the needs and demands of the IBS development in Malaysia. This inflexible situation has brought about a broad range of problems and has stood in the way of the development of the industrialised building system, despite it being introduced since 1964, or 49 years ago. Flexibility in the IBS supply chain is very important and is associated with other industries like transportation, manufacturing industry, and others. Up until now, we have yet to discover any special studies related to the flexibility in the IBS supply chain in this country. Responding to this challenge, this research is hoped to be able to provide sufficient feedback to the solution to the IBS supply chain flexibility issue. The researcher is confident that the poor system flow of supply chain has impeded the advancement of the Industrialised Building System that has long been open to debate.

  17. Optimal Siting and Sizing of Multiple DG Units for the Enhancement of Voltage Profile and Loss Minimization in Transmission Systems Using Nature Inspired Algorithms

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ambika Ramamoorthy

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Power grid becomes smarter nowadays along with technological development. The benefits of smart grid can be enhanced through the integration of renewable energy sources. In this paper, several studies have been made to reconfigure a conventional network into a smart grid. Amongst all the renewable sources, solar power takes the prominent position due to its availability in abundance. Proposed methodology presented in this paper is aimed at minimizing network power losses and at improving the voltage stability within the frame work of system operation and security constraints in a transmission system. Locations and capacities of DGs have a significant impact on the system losses in a transmission system. In this paper, combined nature inspired algorithms are presented for optimal location and sizing of DGs. This paper proposes a two-step optimization technique in order to integrate DG. In a first step, the best size of DG is determined through PSO metaheuristics and the results obtained through PSO is tested for reverse power flow by negative load approach to find possible bus locations. Then, optimal location is found by Loss Sensitivity Factor (LSF and weak (WK bus methods and the results are compared. In a second step, optimal sizing of DGs is determined by PSO, GSA, and hybrid PSOGSA algorithms. Apart from optimal sizing and siting of DGs, different scenarios with number of DGs (3, 4, and 5 and PQ capacities of DGs (P alone, Q alone, and  P and Q both are also analyzed and the results are analyzed in this paper. A detailed performance analysis is carried out on IEEE 30-bus system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

  18. Optimal Siting and Sizing of Multiple DG Units for the Enhancement of Voltage Profile and Loss Minimization in Transmission Systems Using Nature Inspired Algorithms.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ramamoorthy, Ambika; Ramachandran, Rajeswari

    2016-01-01

    Power grid becomes smarter nowadays along with technological development. The benefits of smart grid can be enhanced through the integration of renewable energy sources. In this paper, several studies have been made to reconfigure a conventional network into a smart grid. Amongst all the renewable sources, solar power takes the prominent position due to its availability in abundance. Proposed methodology presented in this paper is aimed at minimizing network power losses and at improving the voltage stability within the frame work of system operation and security constraints in a transmission system. Locations and capacities of DGs have a significant impact on the system losses in a transmission system. In this paper, combined nature inspired algorithms are presented for optimal location and sizing of DGs. This paper proposes a two-step optimization technique in order to integrate DG. In a first step, the best size of DG is determined through PSO metaheuristics and the results obtained through PSO is tested for reverse power flow by negative load approach to find possible bus locations. Then, optimal location is found by Loss Sensitivity Factor (LSF) and weak (WK) bus methods and the results are compared. In a second step, optimal sizing of DGs is determined by PSO, GSA, and hybrid PSOGSA algorithms. Apart from optimal sizing and siting of DGs, different scenarios with number of DGs (3, 4, and 5) and PQ capacities of DGs (P alone, Q alone, and P and Q both) are also analyzed and the results are analyzed in this paper. A detailed performance analysis is carried out on IEEE 30-bus system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

  19. High Accuracy Attitude Control System Design for Satellite with Flexible Appendages

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wenya Zhou

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available In order to realize the high accuracy attitude control of satellite with flexible appendages, attitude control system consisting of the controller and structural filter was designed. When the low order vibration frequency of flexible appendages is approximating the bandwidth of attitude control system, the vibration signal will enter the control system through measurement device to bring impact on the accuracy or even the stability. In order to reduce the impact of vibration of appendages on the attitude control system, the structural filter is designed in terms of rejecting the vibration of flexible appendages. Considering the potential problem of in-orbit frequency variation of the flexible appendages, the design method for the adaptive notch filter is proposed based on the in-orbit identification technology. Finally, the simulation results are given to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design techniques.

  20. 18F-DG PET/CT in detection of recurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer

    Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

    无

    2007-01-01

    AIM: To evaluate the value of 18F-DG PET/CT in detecting recurrence and/or metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS: Combined visual analysis with semiquantitative analysis, the 18F-DG PET/CT wholebody imaging results and the corresponding clinical data of 68 postoperative CRC patients including 48 male and 20 female with average age of 58.1 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: Recurrence and/or metastasis were confirmed in 56 patients in the clinical follow-up after the PET/CT imaging. The sensitivity of PET/CT diagnosis of CRC recurrence and/or metastasis was 94.6%, and the specificity was 83.3%. The positive predictive value (PPV)was 96.4% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 76.9%. PET/CT imaging detected one or more occult malignant lesions in 8 cases where abdominal/pelvic CT and/or ultrasonography showed negative findings, and also detected more lesions than CT or ultrasonography did in 30.4% (17/56) cases. Recurrence and/or metastasis was detected in 91.7% (22/24) cases with elevated serum CEA levels by 18F-DG PET/CT imaging.CONCLUSION: 18F-DG PET/CT could detect the recurrence and/or metastasis of CRC with high sensitivity and specificity.

  1. Comparison of ICEPEL predictions with single elbow flexible piping system experiment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    A-Moneim, M.T.; Chang, Y.W.

    1978-01-01

    The ICEPEL Code for coupled hydrodynamic-structural response analysis of piping systems is used to analyze an experiment on the response of flexible piping systems to internal pressure pulses. The piping system consisted of two flexible Nickel-200 pipes connected in series through a 90 0 thick-walled stainless steel elbow. A tailored pressure pulse generated by a calibrated pulse gun is stabilized in a long thick-walled stainless steel pipe leading to the flexible piping system which ended with a heavy blind flange. The analytical results of pressure and circumferential strain histories are discussed and compared against the experimental data obtained by Stanford Research Institute

  2. Design and simulation of a nanoelectronic DG MOSFET current source using artificial neural networks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Djeffal, F.; Dibi, Z.; Hafiane, M.L.; Arar, D.

    2007-01-01

    The double gate (DG) MOSFET has received great attention in recent years owing to the inherent suppression of short channel effects (SCEs), excellent subthreshold slope (S), improved drive current (I ds ) and transconductance (gm), volume inversion for symmetric devices and excellent scalability. Therefore, simulation tools which can be applied to design nanoscale transistors in the future require new theory and modeling techniques that capture the physics of quantum transport accurately and efficiently. In this sense, this work presents the applicability of the artificial neural networks (ANN) for the design and simulation of a nanoelectronic DG MOSFET current source. The latter is based on the 2D numerical Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) simulation of the current-voltage characteristics of an undoped symmetric DG MOSFET. Our results are discussed in order to obtain some new and useful information about the ULSI technology

  3. Flexibility-Based Evaluation of Variable Generation Acceptability in Korean Power System

    OpenAIRE

    Chang-Gi Min; Mun-Kyeom Kim

    2017-01-01

    This study proposes an evaluation method for variable generation (VG) acceptability with an adequate level of power system flexibility. In this method, a risk index referred to as the ramping capability shortage expectation (RSE) is used to quantify flexibility. The RSE value of the current power system is selected as the adequate level of flexibility (i.e., RSE criterion). VG acceptability is represented by the VG penetration level for the RSE criterion. The proposed evaluation method was ap...

  4. Molecular characterization and expression of DgZFP1, a gene ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    USER

    2010-04-12

    Apr 12, 2010 ... Full Length Research Paper. Molecular characterization and ... stem mainly done by removing the auxiliary flower buds. But cultivars as potted ... DgZFP1 by using the first strand cDNA of chrysanthemum as a template.

  5. Flexibility-Based Evaluation of Variable Generation Acceptability in Korean Power System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chang-Gi Min

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available This study proposes an evaluation method for variable generation (VG acceptability with an adequate level of power system flexibility. In this method, a risk index referred to as the ramping capability shortage expectation (RSE is used to quantify flexibility. The RSE value of the current power system is selected as the adequate level of flexibility (i.e., RSE criterion. VG acceptability is represented by the VG penetration level for the RSE criterion. The proposed evaluation method was applied to the generation expansion plan in Korea for 2029 in order to examine the validity of the existing plan for VG penetration. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to analyze the effects of changes in system uncertainty on VG acceptability. The results show that the planned VG penetration level for 2029 can improve by approximately 12% while securing flexibility.

  6. A flexible and configurable system to test accelerator magnets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jerzy M. Nogiec et al.

    2001-07-20

    Fermilab's accelerator magnet R and D programs, including production of superconducting high gradient quadrupoles for the LHC insertion regions, require rigorous yet flexible magnetic measurement systems. Measurement systems must be capable of handling various types of hardware and extensible to all measurement technologies and analysis algorithms. A tailorable software system that satisfies these requirements is discussed. This single system, capable of distributed parallel signal processing, is built on top of a flexible component-based framework that allows for easy reconfiguration and run-time modification. Both core and domain-specific components can be assembled into various magnet test or analysis systems. The system configured to comprise a rotating coil harmonics measurement is presented. Technologies as Java, OODB, XML, JavaBeans, software bus and component-based architectures are used.

  7. Simulating charge transport in flexible systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Timothy Clark

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Systems in which movements occur on two significantly different time domains, such as organic electronic components with flexible molecules, require different simulation techniques for the two time scales. In the case of molecular electronics, charge transport is complicated by the several different mechanisms (and theoretical models that apply in different cases. We cannot yet combine time scales of molecular and electronic movement in simulations of real systems. This review describes our progress towards this goal.

  8. Report on achievements of research and development of an automatic sewing system in fiscal 1988. Three-dimensional flexible sub-system; 1988 nendo jido hosei system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Sanjigen flexible sub system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1989-03-01

    The Automatic Sewing System Technology Research Association was commissioned from the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology on research of a production system by apparel types and systematization of an experiment plant. As the research on systematizing the experiment plant, the association is tackling with the researches on a high-speed laser cutting sub-system, a flexible sewing sub-system, a hi-tech assembling sub-system, and a three-dimensional flexible pressing sub-system. This paper reports the achievement of the research and development on the three-dimensional flexible pressing sub-system. It was intended to move forward development of technologies to put on and take off apparels and transport products, to achieve interlocking with other component technologies, and to structure an efficient pressing and processing system for finish. An experiment plant was built for ladies' blazer coats set as objects of model wears. The plant operation experiments and comprehensive evaluation are scheduled to be performed in fiscal 1990. Therefore, basic design research was carried out on an automatic put-on/take-off device and an auto-hanger system with an objective of application of the experimental plant. Studies on accuracy improvement was executed in the research of setting shapes of flexible dummies. In the research of pressing conditions, application of the 'estimation type information retrieval and control system' was studied. As a result, achievements were obtained as nearly as has been initially intended. (NEDO)

  9. Modeling and control of hybrid wind/photovoltaic/fuel cell distributed generation systems

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Caisheng

    Due to ever increasing energy consumption, rising public awareness of environmental protection, and steady progress in power deregulation, alternative (i.e., renewable and fuel cell based) distributed generation (DG) systems have attracted increased interest. Wind and photovoltaic (PV) power generation are two of the most promising renewable energy technologies. Fuel cell (FC) systems also show great potential in DG applications of the future due to their fast technology development and many merits they have, such as high efficiency, zero or low emission (of pollutant gases) and flexible modular structure. The modeling and control of a hybrid wind/PV/FC DG system is addressed in this dissertation. Different energy sources in the system are integrated through an AC bus. Dynamic models for the main system components, namely, wind energy conversion system (WECS), PV energy conversion system (PVECS), fuel cell, electrolyzer, power electronic interfacing circuits, battery, hydrogen storage tank, gas compressor and gas pressure regulator, are developed. Two types of fuel cells have been modeled in this dissertation: proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Power control of a grid-connected FC system as well as load mitigation control of a stand-alone FC system are investigated. The pitch angle control for WECS, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control for PVECS, and the control for electrolyzer and power electronic devices, are also addressed in the dissertation. Based on the dynamic component models, a simulation model for the proposed hybrid energy system has been developed using MATLAB/Simulink. The overall power management strategy for coordinating the power flows among the different energy sources is presented in the dissertation. Simulation studies have been carried out to verify the system performance under different scenarios using a practical load profile and real weather data. The results show that the overall power

  10. Quality Evaluation in Flexible Manufacturing Systems: A Markovian Approach

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jingshan Li

    2007-01-01

    to illustrate the applicability of the method. The results of this study suggest a possible approach to investigate the impact of flexibility on product quality and, finally, with extensions and enrichment of the model, may lead to provide production engineers and managers a better understanding of the quality implications and to summarize some general guidelines of operation management in flexible manufacturing systems.

  11. Market integration of flexible demand and DG-RES supply. A new approach for demand response

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Warmer, C.J.; Hommelberg, M.P.F.; Kamphuis, I.G.; Kok, J.K.

    2007-06-01

    In this paper we discuss the shortcomings of traditional Demand Response programs in an environment in which a large amount of distributed generation is available. An innovative approach is given in which true Customer Site Integration is obtained in the spirit of the liberalized electricity market, by making use of the load flexibility of underlying processes of production and consumption devices. The approach is based on distributed control mechanisms and incorporates new market models for distribution and aggregation costs, load losses, and network constraints

  12. A modeling method for hybrid energy behaviors in flexible machining systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Yufeng; He, Yan; Wang, Yan; Wang, Yulin; Yan, Ping; Lin, Shenlong

    2015-01-01

    Increasingly environmental and economic pressures have led to great concerns regarding the energy consumption of machining systems. Understanding energy behaviors of flexible machining systems is a prerequisite for improving energy efficiency of these systems. This paper proposes a modeling method to predict energy behaviors in flexible machining systems. The hybrid energy behaviors not only depend on the technical specification related of machine tools and workpieces, but are significantly affected by individual production scenarios. In the method, hybrid energy behaviors are decomposed into Structure-related energy behaviors, State-related energy behaviors, Process-related energy behaviors and Assignment-related energy behaviors. The modeling method for the hybrid energy behaviors is proposed based on Colored Timed Object-oriented Petri Net (CTOPN). The former two types of energy behaviors are modeled by constructing the structure of CTOPN, whist the latter two types of behaviors are simulated by applying colored tokens and associated attributes. Machining on two workpieces in the experimental workshop were undertaken to verify the proposed modeling method. The results showed that the method can provide multi-perspective transparency on energy consumption related to machine tools, workpieces as well as production management, and is particularly suitable for flexible manufacturing system when frequent changes in machining systems are often encountered. - Highlights: • Energy behaviors in flexible machining systems are modeled in this paper. • Hybrid characteristics of energy behaviors are examined from multiple viewpoints. • Flexible modeling method CTOPN is used to predict the hybrid energy behaviors. • This work offers a multi-perspective transparency on energy consumption

  13. Flexible HVAC System for Lab or Classroom.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Friedan, Jonathan

    2001-01-01

    Discusses an effort to design a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system flexible enough to accommodate an easy conversion of classrooms to laboratories and dry labs to wet labs. The design's energy efficiency and operations and maintenance are examined. (GR)

  14. Report on achievements of research and development of an automatic sewing system in fiscal 1988. Flexible sewing system; 1988 nendo jido hosei system no kenkyu kaihatsu seika hokokusho. Flexible sewing system

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1989-03-01

    The Automatic Sewing System Technology Research Association was commissioned from the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology on research of a production system by apparel types and systematization of an experiment plant. As the research on systematizing the experiment plant, the association is tackling with the researches on a high-speed cutting sub-system, a flexible sewing sub-system, a hi-tech assembling sub-system, and a three-dimensional flexible pressing sub-system. This paper reports the achievement of the research and development on the flexible sewing sub-system. For this sub-system, researches were made on the experiment plant and the systematization by dividing them into (1) a high-function pattern technology, (2) a stabilization pre-treatment technology, (3) a multi-functional sewing technology, and (4) a production control technology. For the technology (1), easy processibility patterns and production and processing information were studied. For the technology (2), a technology to evaluate characteristics of padding material properties, a temporary hardening technology, and a high-frequency induction heating device to bond the right side with the padding were studied. For the technology (3), stations for multi-functional sewing, automatic dart sewing, automatic piping, and automatic pocket attaching, and various carrier devices, inspection devices, and printed information recognition devices were studied. For the technology (4), a process designing expert system and an automatic machine management and control system were studied. (NEDO)

  15. Interactive Web-based e-learning for Studying Flexible Manipulator Systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abul K. M. Azad

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract— This paper presents a web-based e-leaning facility for simulation, modeling, and control of flexible manipulator systems. The simulation and modeling part includes finite difference and finite element simulations along with neural network and genetic algorithm based modeling strategies for flexible manipulator systems. The controller part constitutes a number of open-loop and closed-loop designs. Closed loop control designs include the classical, adaptive, and neuro-model based strategies. Matlab software package and its associated toolboxes are used to implement these. The Matlab web server is used as the gateway between the facility and web-access. ASP.NET technology and SQL database are utilized to develop web applications for access control, user account and password maintenance, administrative management, and facility utilization monitoring. The reported facility provides a flexible but effective approach of web-based interactive e-learning facility of an engineering system. This can be extended to incorporate additional engineering systems within the e-learning framework.

  16. On the use of kinetic energy preserving DG-schemes for large eddy simulation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Flad, David; Gassner, Gregor

    2017-12-01

    Recently, element based high order methods such as Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods and the closely related flux reconstruction (FR) schemes have become popular for compressible large eddy simulation (LES). Element based high order methods with Riemann solver based interface numerical flux functions offer an interesting dispersion dissipation behavior for multi-scale problems: dispersion errors are very low for a broad range of scales, while dissipation errors are very low for well resolved scales and are very high for scales close to the Nyquist cutoff. In some sense, the inherent numerical dissipation caused by the interface Riemann solver acts as a filter of high frequency solution components. This observation motivates the trend that element based high order methods with Riemann solvers are used without an explicit LES model added. Only the high frequency type inherent dissipation caused by the Riemann solver at the element interfaces is used to account for the missing sub-grid scale dissipation. Due to under-resolution of vortical dominated structures typical for LES type setups, element based high order methods suffer from stability issues caused by aliasing errors of the non-linear flux terms. A very common strategy to fight these aliasing issues (and instabilities) is so-called polynomial de-aliasing, where interpolation is exchanged with projection based on an increased number of quadrature points. In this paper, we start with this common no-model or implicit LES (iLES) DG approach with polynomial de-aliasing and Riemann solver dissipation and review its capabilities and limitations. We find that the strategy gives excellent results, but only when the resolution is such, that about 40% of the dissipation is resolved. For more realistic, coarser resolutions used in classical LES e.g. of industrial applications, the iLES DG strategy becomes quite inaccurate. We show that there is no obvious fix to this strategy, as adding for instance a sub

  17. Embedded Ag quantum dots into interconnected Co3O4 nanosheets grown on 3D graphene networks for high stable and flexible supercapacitors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Junya; Dou, Wei; Zhang, Xuetao; Han, Weihua; Mu, Xuemei; Zhang, Yue; Zhao, Xiaohua; Chen, Youxin; Yang, Zhiwei; Su, Qing; Xie, Erqing; Lan, Wei; Wang, Xinran

    2017-01-01

    High stable, flexible and interconnected Co 3 O 4 nanosheets with embedded Ag quantum dots (AgQDs) were uniformly grown on three dimensional graphene (3DG) networks and served as supercapacitor electrode to enhance the pseudocapacitance performance. The AgQDs were used to facilitate the growth of the Co 3 O 4 nanosheets and improve the electrical conductivity of the hybrid electrode by forming a good ohmic contact and provide direct and stable pathways for rapid electron transport. The AgQDs contribute to produce an improved areal capacitance of 421 mF cm −2 (1052.5 F g −1 ) and 53.3 mF cm −2 for the Ag/Co 3 O 4 /3DG hybrid, for both the three- and the two-electrode configuration, respectively. These values are about three times higher compared to a pristine Co 3 O 4 /3DG electrode. The capacitance retention of ∼120% after 10 4 cycles shows that a Ag/Co 3 O 4 /3DG hybrid can provide a long and stable cycle performance with a high specific capacitance. This study provides an effective strategy to improve the performance of electrode materials for supercapacitors with a high efficiency and long life, which makes them promising candidates for future energy-storage applications.

  18. Flexible Thermal Protection System Development for Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators

    Science.gov (United States)

    DelCorso, Joseph A.; Bruce, Walter E., III; Hughes, Stephen J.; Dec, John A.; Rezin, Marc D.; Meador, Mary Ann B.; Guo, Haiquan; Fletcher, Douglas G.; Calomino, Anthony M.; Cheatwood, McNeil

    2012-01-01

    The Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators (HIAD) project has invested in development of multiple thermal protection system (TPS) candidates to be used in inflatable, high downmass, technology flight projects. Flexible TPS is one element of the HIAD project which is tasked with the research and development of the technology ranging from direct ground tests, modelling and simulation, characterization of TPS systems, manufacturing and handling, and standards and policy definition. The intent of flexible TPS is to enable large deployable aeroshell technologies, which increase the drag performance while significantly reducing the ballistic coefficient of high-mass entry vehicles. A HIAD requires a flexible TPS capable of surviving aerothermal loads, and durable enough to survive the rigors of construction, handling, high density packing, long duration exposure to extrinsic, in-situ environments, and deployment. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of key work being performed within the Flexible TPS element of the HIAD project. Included in this paper is an overview of, and results from, each Flexible TPS research and development activity, which includes ground testing, physics-based thermal modelling, age testing, margins policy, catalysis, materials characterization, and recent developments with new TPS materials.

  19. Power dithering algorithm to avoid the overcoming of the voltage limit in presence of DG on distribution networks

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Calderaro, V.; Coppola, V.; Galdi, V.; Piccolo, A. [Salerno Univ., Fisciano (Italy). Dept. of Information System Engineering and Electrical Engineering

    2008-07-01

    A new model of power distribution system has emerged in recent years in response to new generation technologies involving mini- and micro-generators that can be directly connected to medium voltage (MV) or low voltage (LV) power grids. The locations of these dispersed generators (DGs) are typically based on the availability of primary energy resources or on the specific needs of users. The increasing use of DGs causes new problems in terms of distribution network management and planning, with effect on the power quality, voltage profile or protection aspects. One of the problems arising on MV/LV distribution network, especially in weak rural areas, is related to the bus overvoltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). Therefore, this study proposed an approach to power control of the single generator that maximizes the active power injected on the network by DG, avoiding the trip of the minimum and maximum voltage protection installed at the PCC. Overvoltage typically occurs due to the injection of a large amount of power from unschedulable DG and a small power demand by the loads. This can trip overvoltage protection relays of DGs, and disconnect them from the grid. The local control strategy for DG systems proposed in this paper was based on the dithering algorithm. The proposed solution, operating on the electronic interface of the power generator, introduces or absorbs reactive power if the voltage at PCC is close to the limits, thus increasing the total active power injected by renewable sources. 17 refs., 3 tabs., 12 figs.

  20. REVIEW OF FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM BASED ON MODELING AND SIMULATION

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SAREN Sanjib Kumar

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available This paper focused on the literature survey of the use of flexible manufacturing system design and operation problems on the basis of simulation tools and their methodology which has been widely used for manufacturing system design and analysis. During this period, simulation has been proving to be an extremely useful analysis and optimization tool, and many articles, papers, and conferences have focused directly on the topic. This paper presents a scenario the use of simulation tools and their methodology in flexible manufacturing system from a period 1982 to 2015.

  1. Employee Responses to Flexible Work Schedules: An Inter-Organization, Inter-System Comparison.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pierce, Jon L.; Newstrom, John W.

    1982-01-01

    Compared employee affective and behavioral responses to four work schedules--a fixed-hour schedule and three variations of flexible working hours. Hypothesized systematic differences in employee responses reflecting increased flexibility were not supported. Employees generally responded more favorably to flexible hour systems as contrasted with…

  2. Flexibility and Control : An empirical study relating production flexibility to the design of performance management systems

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Van Veen-Dirks, P.M.G.

    2002-01-01

    A critical challenge facing organizations is the design of management control systems, which play a key role in evaluating the achievement of organizational and individual objectives. This thesis addresses the design of management control (performance management) systems in the current flexible

  3. Reliability analysis of Diesel Generator power supply system of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sharma, Pramod Kumar, E-mail: pramodks@igcar.gov.in; Bhuvana, V.; Ramakrishnan, M.

    2016-12-15

    Highlights: • The unavailability of DG success is 4.75E−3 for 2/4 and 1.47E−3 for 1/4. • Modeling includes sub systems like CB, SSWS, Fuel oil system & 220 V DC. • DG-FR, DG-FR-CCF and DG maintenance is major contributors of DG unavailability. • Uncertainty analysis has been carried out through Monte Carlo simulations. • Sensitivity analysis identifies DG mechanical FR as most sensitive part. - Abstract: The unavailability of Diesel Generator power supply system has been evaluated using Fault tree method with ISOGRAPH reliability software and is found to be 4.75E−3 for 2/4 (DG success) and 1.47E−3 for 1/4 (DG success). Common cause failures contribute significantly to the unavailability of the system. Statistical analysis indicates that the DG unavailability is uncertain by Error Factor 4.4 (90% confidence bound) for 2 out of 4 DG system (system success) and by Error Factor 4.1 (90% confidence bound) for 1 out of 4 DG system (system success). Support systems namely Safety related service water system, Fuel oil system and circuit breaker control power supply dependency have been modeled. Results of importance analysis and sensitivity study are used to identify significant contributors to unavailability. DG fails to run, DG fails to run due to CCF and DG maintenance out of service is identified as dominant and important contributors of DG unavailability. Uncertainty analysis has been carried out through Monte Carlo simulations.

  4. An adaptive control strategy of converter based DG to maintain protection coordination in distribution system

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Su, Chi; Liu, Zhou; Chen, Zhe

    2014-01-01

    of network protection devices. As a protection measure commonly used in distribution network, recloser-fuse coordination could suffer from this impact. Research work has been conducted to deal with this problem by modifying the control strategy of the DG converters during faults. These solutions generally...... reduce the current output from the converters during faults so as to mitigate the influence on protection coordination. However, converter current reduction may not be necessary for all types of faults. This paper proposes a converter control strategy with adaptivity to different fault types and also non......-fault voltage drop events. This control strategy is validated by simulations in DIgSILENT PowerFactory....

  5. Simulated climate adaptation in storm-water systems: Evaluating the efficiency of within-system flexibility

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adam D. McCurdy

    Full Text Available Changes in regional temperature and precipitation patterns resulting from global climate change may adversely affect the performance of long-lived infrastructure. Adaptation may be necessary to ensure that infrastructure offers consistent service and remains cost effective. But long service times and deep uncertainty associated with future climate projections make adaptation decisions especially challenging for managers. Incorporating flexibility into systems can increase their effectiveness across different climate futures but can also add significant costs. In this paper we review existing work on flexibility in climate change adaptation of infrastructure, such as robust decision-making and dynamic adaptive pathways, apply a basic typology of flexibility, and test alternative strategies for flexibility in distributed infrastructure systems comprised of multiple emplacements of a common, long-lived element: roadway culverts. Rather than treating a system of dispersed infrastructure elements as monolithic, we simulate “options flexibility” in which inherent differences in individual elements is incorporated into adaptation decisions. We use a virtual testbed of highway drainage crossing structures to examine the performance under different climate scenarios of policies that allow for multiple adaptation strategies with varying timing based on individual emplacement characteristics. Results indicate that a strategy with options flexibility informed by crossing characteristics offers a more efficient method of adaptation than do monolithic policies. In some cases this results in more cost-effective adaptation for agencies building long-lived, climate-sensitive infrastructure, even where detailed system data and analytical capacity is limited. Keywords: Climate adaptation, Stormwater management, Adaptation pathways

  6. First order sensitivity analysis of flexible multibody systems using absolute nodal coordinate formulation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pi Ting; Zhang Yunqing; Chen Liping

    2012-01-01

    Design sensitivity analysis of flexible multibody systems is important in optimizing the performance of mechanical systems. The choice of coordinates to describe the motion of multibody systems has a great influence on the efficiency and accuracy of both the dynamic and sensitivity analysis. In the flexible multibody system dynamics, both the floating frame of reference formulation (FFRF) and absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) are frequently utilized to describe flexibility, however, only the former has been used in design sensitivity analysis. In this article, ANCF, which has been recently developed and focuses on modeling of beams and plates in large deformation problems, is extended into design sensitivity analysis of flexible multibody systems. The Motion equations of a constrained flexible multibody system are expressed as a set of index-3 differential algebraic equations (DAEs), in which the element elastic forces are defined using nonlinear strain-displacement relations. Both the direct differentiation method and adjoint variable method are performed to do sensitivity analysis and the related dynamic and sensitivity equations are integrated with HHT-I3 algorithm. In this paper, a new method to deduce system sensitivity equations is proposed. With this approach, the system sensitivity equations are constructed by assembling the element sensitivity equations with the help of invariant matrices, which results in the advantage that the complex symbolic differentiation of the dynamic equations is avoided when the flexible multibody system model is changed. Besides that, the dynamic and sensitivity equations formed with the proposed method can be efficiently integrated using HHT-I3 method, which makes the efficiency of the direct differentiation method comparable to that of the adjoint variable method when the number of design variables is not extremely large. All these improvements greatly enhance the application value of the direct differentiation

  7. Hydro power flexibility for power systems with variable renewable energy sources: an IEA Task 25 collaboration: Hydro power flexibility for power systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huertas-Hernando, Daniel [Department of Energy Systems, SINTEF, Trondheim Norway; Farahmand, Hossein [Department of Electric Power Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim Norway; Holttinen, Hannele [Department of Energy Systems, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo Finland; Kiviluoma, Juha [Department of Energy Systems, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo Finland; Rinne, Erkka [Department of Energy Systems, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo Finland; Söder, Lennart [Department of Electrical Engineering, KTH University, Stockholm Sweden; Milligan, Michael [Transmission and Grid Integration Group, National Renewable Energy Laboratory' s National Wind Technology Center, Golden CO USA; Ibanez, Eduardo [Transmission and Grid Integration Group, National Renewable Energy Laboratory' s National Wind Technology Center, Golden CO USA; Martínez, Sergio Martín [Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Automation and Communications, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete Spain; Gomez-Lazaro, Emilio [Department of Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Automation and Communications, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete Spain; Estanqueiro, Ana [National Laboratory of Energy and Geology - LNEG, Lisbon Portugal; Rodrigues, Luis [National Laboratory of Energy and Geology - LNEG, Lisbon Portugal; Carr, Luis [Research Association for Energy Economics (FfE GmbH), Munich Germany; van Roon, Serafin [Research Association for Energy Economics (FfE GmbH), Munich Germany; Orths, Antje Gesa [Energinet.dk, Fredericia Denmark; Eriksen, Peter Børre [Energinet.dk, Fredericia Denmark; Forcione, Alain [Hydro Quebec, Montréal Canada; Menemenlis, Nickie [Hydro Quebec, Montréal Canada

    2016-06-20

    Hydro power is one of the most flexible sources of electricity production. Power systems with considerable amounts of flexible hydro power potentially offer easier integration of variable generation, e.g., wind and solar. However, there exist operational constraints to ensure mid-/long-term security of supply while keeping river flows and reservoirs levels within permitted limits. In order to properly assess the effective available hydro power flexibility and its value for storage, a detailed assessment of hydro power is essential. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the weather-dependent hydrological cycle, regulation constraints on the hydro system, and uncertainty of internal load as well as variable generation (wind and solar), this assessment is complex. Hence, it requires proper modeling of all the underlying interactions between hydro power and the power system, with a large share of other variable renewables. A summary of existing experience of wind integration in hydro-dominated power systems clearly points to strict simulation methodologies. Recommendations include requirements for techno-economic models to correctly assess strategies for hydro power and pumped storage dispatch. These models are based not only on seasonal water inflow variations but also on variable generation, and all these are in time horizons from very short term up to multiple years, depending on the studied system. Another important recommendation is to include a geographically detailed description of hydro power systems, rivers' flows, and reservoirs as well as grid topology and congestion.

  8. Which standards’ characteristics increase system flexibility? Comparing ICT and Batch Processing Infrastructures

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Egyedi, T.M.; Verwater-Lukszo, Z.

    2005-01-01

    Most large Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems develop in a piece-meal fashion. Their complexity and evolution is difficult to manage. They lack flexibility. This contrasts sharply with system design in the batch-wise processing industry, where flexibility has always had a high

  9. Economic and Technical Aspects of Flexible Storage Photovoltaic Systems in Europe

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Henrik Zsiborács

    2018-06-01

    Full Text Available Solar energy has an increasing role in the global energy mix. The need for flexible storage photovoltaic systems and energy storage in electricity networks is becoming increasingly important as more generating capacity uses solar and wind energy. This paper is a study on the economic questions related to flexible storage photovoltaic systems of household size in 2018. The aim is to clarify whether it is possible in the European Union to achieve a payback of the costs of flexible storage photovoltaic system investments for residential customers considering the technology-specific storage aspects prevalent in 2018. We studied seven different flexible storage photovoltaic investments with different battery technologies in Germany, France, Italy, and Spain because, in Europe, these countries have a prominent role with regard to the spread of photovoltaic technology. These investment alternatives are studied with the help of economic indicators for the different cases of the selected countries. At the end of our paper we come to the conclusion that an investment of a flexible storage photovoltaic (PV system with Olivine-type-LiFePO4, Lithium-Ion, Vented lead-acid battery (OPzS, Sealed lead-acid battery (OPzV, and Aqueous Hybrid Ion (AHI batteries can have a positive net present value due to the high electricity prices in Germany and in Spain. The most cost-effective technology was the Olivine-type-LiFePO4 and the Lithium-Ion at the time of the study. We suggest the provision of governmental support and uniform European modifications to the regulatory framework, especially concerning grid fees and tariffs, which would be necessary in the beginning to help to introduce these flexible storage PV systems to the market.

  10. Low carbon technologies as providers of operational flexibility in future power systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pavić, Ivan; Capuder, Tomislav; Kuzle, Igor

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • Mixed integer linear programming model for provision of multiple services from EV. • EV energy and reserve services provision effects on power system operation. • Impacts of conventional unit’s decommission on system’s operation and flexibility. • Assessment of power system’s flexibility under different wind generation polices. - Abstract: The paper presents a unit commitment model, based on mixed integer linear programming, capable of assessing the impact of electric vehicles (EV) on provision of ancillary services in power systems with high share of renewable energy sources (RES). The analyses show how role of different conventional units changes with integration of variable and uncertain RES and how introducing a flexible sources on the demand side, in this case EV, impact the traditional provision of spinning/contingency reserve services. In addition, technical constraints of conventional units, such as nuclear, gas or coal, limit the inherit flexibility of the system which results in curtailing clean renewable sources and inefficient operation. Following on that, sensitivity analyses of operational cost and wind curtailment shows which techno-economic constraints impact the flexibility of the high RES systems the most and how integration of more flexible units or decommission of conventional nuclear, coal and gas driven power plants would impact the system’s operation. Finally, two different wind generation polices (wind penalization and wind turbines as reserve providers) have been analysed in terms of operational flexibility through different stages of conventional unit’s decommission and compared with the same analyses when EV were used as reserve providers.

  11. Towards Flexible Self-powered Micro-scale Integrated Systems

    KAUST Repository

    Rojas, Jhonathan Prieto

    2014-01-01

    Today’s information-centered world leads the ever-increasing consumer demand for more powerful, multifunctional portable devices. Additionally, recent developments on long-lasting energy sources and compliant, flexible systems, have introduced new

  12. Technology for 3D System Integration for Flexible Wireless Biomedical Applications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wen-Cheng Kuo

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents a new 3D bottom-up packing technology for integrating a chip, an induction coil, and interconnections for flexible wireless biomedical applications. Parylene was used as a flexible substrate for the bottom-up embedding of the chip, insulation layer, interconnection, and inductors to form a flexible wireless biomedical microsystem. The system can be implanted on or inside the human body. A 50-μm gold foil deposited through laser micromachining by using a picosecond laser was used as an inductor to yield a higher quality factor than that yielded by thickness-increasing methods such as the fold-and-bond method or thick-metal electroplating method at the operation frequency of 1 MHz. For system integration, parylene was used as a flexible substrate, and the contact pads and connections between the coil and chip were generated using gold deposition. The advantage of the proposed process can integrate the chip and coil vertically to generate a single biocompatible system in order to reduce required area. The proposed system entails the use of 3D integrated circuit packaging concepts to integrate the chip and coil. The results validated the feasibility of this technology.

  13. DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION FOR POROELASTICITY AND ELASTICITY WITH DG JUMPS AND MORTARS

    KAUST Repository

    GIRAULT, V.; PENCHEVA, G.; WHEELER, M. F.; WILDEY, T.

    2011-01-01

    by introducing DG jumps and mortars. The unknowns are condensed on the interface, so that at each time step, the computation in each subdomain can be performed in parallel. In addition, by extrapolating the displacement, we present an algorithm where

  14. Effect of grid disturbances on fault-ride-through behaviour of MV-connected DG-units, in especially CHP-plants

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Coster, E.J.; Myrzik, J.M.A.; Kling, W.L.

    2009-01-01

    In the near future a significant amount of the consumed electrical energy will be generated by distributed generation (DG). Because of the small size these units are normally connected to the local distribution grid [1]. Connection of DG changes the operation of the distribution grid. In order to

  15. Flexibility configurations and preventive maintenance impact on job-shop manufacturing systems

    OpenAIRE

    Paolo Renna

    2017-01-01

    Manufacturing systems need to be able to work under the dynamic and uncertain production environment. Machine and routing flexibility combined with preventive maintenance actions can improve the performance of the manufacturing systems under dynamic conditions. This paper evaluates different levels of machine and routing flexibility combined with different degrees of preventive maintenance policy. The performance measures considered are throughput, work in process and throughput. The performa...

  16. Flexible fuel cell gas manifold system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cramer, Michael; Shah, Jagdish; Hayes, Richard P.; Kelley, Dana A.

    2005-05-03

    A fuel cell stack manifold system in which a flexible manifold body includes a pan having a central area, sidewall extending outward from the periphery of the central area, and at least one compound fold comprising a central area fold connecting adjacent portions of the central area and extending between opposite sides of the central area, and a sidewall fold connecting adjacent portions of the sidewall. The manifold system further includes a rail assembly for attachment to the manifold body and adapted to receive pins by which dielectric insulators are joined to the manifold assembly.

  17. Towards 100% renewable energy systems: Uncapping power system flexibility

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Papaefthymiou, G.; Dragoon, Ken

    2016-01-01

    Relying almost entirely on energy from variable renewable resources such as wind and solar energy will require a transformation in the way power systems are planned and operated. This paper outlines the necessary steps in creating power systems with the flexibility needed to maintain stability and reliability while relying primarily on variable energy resources. These steps are provided in the form of a comprehensive overview of policies, technical changes, and institutional systems, organized in three development phases: an initial phase (penetration up to about 10%) characterized by relatively mild changes to conventional power system operations and structures; a dynamic middle phase (up to about 50% penetration) characterized by phasing out conventional generation and a concerted effort to wring flexibility from existing infrastructure; and the high penetration phase that inevitably addresses how power systems operate over longer periods of weeks or months when variable generation will be in either short supply, or in over-abundance. Although this transition is likely a decades-long and incremental process and depends on the specifics of each system, the needed policies, research, demonstration projects and institutional changes need to start now precisely because of the complexity of the transformation. The list of policy actions presented in this paper can serve as a guideline to policy makers on effectuating the transition and on tracking the preparedness of systems. - Highlights: •100% VRES systems: combined analysis of all related technical and policy challenges. •Transition elements: classification of the complete range of challenges in 9 elements. •Development regimes: policy actions in 3 VRES penetration regimes (low-medium-high). •Policies: comprehensive guideline and detailed presentation of policies per regime. •Roadmap: lists of actions per regime act as transition roadmap to 100% VRES systems.

  18. Acceptance test procedure, 241-SY-101 Flexible Receiver System, Phase III testing

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ritter, G.A.

    1994-01-01

    This Acceptance Test Procedure is for the 241-SY-101 Flexible Receiver System, Phase III Testing. This procedure will test the sealing integrity of the Flexible Receiver System to ensure that release of waste and aerosols will be minimized during the removal of the test mixer pump from tank SY-101

  19. Examination system utilizing ionizing radiation and a flexible, miniature radiation detector probe

    Science.gov (United States)

    Majewski, Stanislaw; Kross, Brian J.; Zorn, Carl J.; Majewski, Lukasz A.

    1996-01-01

    An optimized examination system and method based on the Reverse Geometry X-Ray.RTM. (RGX.RTM.) radiography technique are presented. The examination system comprises a radiation source, at least one flexible, miniature radiation detector probe positioned in appropriate proximity to the object to be examined and to the radiation source with the object located between the source and the probe, a photodetector device attachable to an end of the miniature radiation probe, and a control unit integrated with a display device connected to the photodetector device. The miniature radiation detector probe comprises a scintillation element, a flexible light guide having a first end optically coupled to the scintillation element and having a second end attachable to the photodetector device, and an opaque, environmentally-resistant sheath surrounding the flexible light guide. The probe may be portable and insertable, or may be fixed in place within the object to be examined. An enclosed, flexible, liquid light guide is also presented, which comprises a thin-walled flexible tube, a liquid, preferably mineral oil, contained within the tube, a scintillation element located at a first end of the tube, closures located at both ends of the tube, and an opaque, environmentally-resistant sheath surrounding the flexible tube. The examination system and method have applications in non-destructive material testing for voids, cracks, and corrosion, and may be used in areas containing hazardous materials. In addition, the system and method have applications for medical and dental imaging.

  20. Building Flexible Manufacturing Systems Based on Peer-Its

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Hechinger

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available Peer-to-peer computing principles have started to pervade into mechanical control systems, inducing a paradigm shift from centralized to autonomic control. We have developed a self-contained, miniaturized, universal and scalable peer-to-peer based hardware-software system, the peer-it platform, to serve as a stick-on computer solution to raise real-world artefacts like, for example, machines, tools, or appliances towards technology-rich, autonomous, self-induced, and context-aware peers, operating as spontaneously interacting ensembles. The peer-it platform integrates sensor, actuator, and wireless communication facilities on the hardware level, with an object-oriented, component-based coordination framework at the software level, thus providing a generic platform for sensing, computing, controlling, and communication on a large scale. The physical appearance of a peer-it supports pinning it to real-world artefacts, while at the same time integrating those artefacts into a mobile ad hoc network of peers. Peer-it networks thus represent ensembles of coordinated artefacts, exhibiting features of autonomy like self-management at the node level and self-organization at the network level. We demonstrate how the peer-it system implements the desired flexibility in automated manufacturing systems to react in the case of changes, whether intended or unexpectedly occuring. The peer-it system enables machine flexibility in that it adapts production facilities to produce new types of products, or change the order of operation executed on parts instantaneously. Secondly, it enables routing flexibility, that is, the ability to use multiple machines to spontaneously perform the same operation on one part alternatively (to implement autonomic fault tolerance or to absorb large-scale changes in volume, capacity, or capability (to implement autonomic scalability.

  1. Flexible Conversion Ratio Fast Reactor Systems Evaluation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Neil Todreas; Pavel Hejzlar

    2008-06-30

    Conceptual designs of lead-cooled and liquid salt-cooled fast flexible conversion ratio reactors were developed. Both concepts have cores reated at 2400 MWt placed in a large-pool-type vessel with dual-free level, which also contains four intermediate heat exchanges coupling a primary coolant to a compact and efficient supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle power conversion system. Decay heat is removed passively using an enhanced Reactor Vessel Auxiliary Cooling System and a Passive Secondary Auxiliary Cooling System. The most important findings were that (1) it is feasible to design the lead-cooled and salt-cooled reactor with the flexible conversion ratio (CR) in the range of CR=0 and CR=1 n a manner that achieves inherent reactor shutdown in unprotected accidents, (2) the salt-cooled reactor requires Lithium thermal Expansion Modules to overcme the inherent salt coolant's large positive coolant temperature reactivity coefficient, (3) the preferable salt for fast spectrum high power density cores is NaCl-Kcl-MgCl2 as opposed to fluoride salts due to its better themal-hydraulic and neutronic characteristics, and (4) both reactor, but attain power density 3 times smaller than that of the sodium-cooled reactor.

  2. Flexible Conversion Ratio Fast Reactor Systems Evaluation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Neil Todreas; Pavel Hejzlar

    2008-01-01

    Conceptual designs of lead-cooled and liquid salt-cooled fast flexible conversion ratio reactors were developed. Both concepts have cores treated at 2400 MWt placed in a large-pool-type vessel with dual-free level, which also contains four intermediate heat exchanges coupling a primary coolant to a compact and efficient supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle power conversion system. Decay heat is removed passively using an enhanced Reactor Vessel Auxiliary Cooling System and a Passive Secondary Auxiliary Cooling System. The most important findings were that (1) it is feasible to design the lead-cooled and salt-cooled reactor with the flexible conversion ratio (CR) in the range of CR=0 and CR=1 n a manner that achieves inherent reactor shutdown in unprotected accidents, (2) the salt-cooled reactor requires Lithium thermal Expansion Modules to overcome the inherent salt coolant's large positive coolant temperature reactivity coefficient, (3) the preferable salt for fast spectrum high power density cores is NaCl-Kcl-MgCl2 as opposed to fluoride salts due to its better thermal-hydraulic and neutronic characteristics, and (4) both reactor, but attain power density 3 times smaller than that of the sodium-cooled reactor

  3. Flexible power delivery system and its intelligent functions

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Glamochanin, Vlastimir; Andonov, Dragan

    1996-01-01

    This paper presents some of the features and capabilities of the novel energy distribution system called FRIENDS. The main FRIENDS objective is distribution system reliability, with flexible system structure reconfiguration, inclusion of dispersed energy generation systems. Altogether, it represents a new concept of reliable and economic electric power delivery to end users. The FRIENDS project is a challenge for future research and development, including new technology and devices for the implementation of such an integrated system. (author)

  4. FLEXIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL “PRODUCT-SERVICE” SYSTEM: IMPLEMENTATION AND MEANS OF MEASUREMENT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Panteleev

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Article is devoted to the analysis of the flexibility of industrial “product-service” systems (hereafter IPSS, meaning provision of adaptability to the changing needs of users along the life-cycle of IPSS. Flexibility of the system gives company-producer of the industrial equipment competitive advantages on the b-to-b market. Due to this reason development and improvement of the means of valuation of flexibility is an important field of study. Aim of the article is IPSS flexibility analysis and development of efficient means of flexibility valuation.Article tasks. Research the advantages of the IPSS flexibility; analyze problems that arise as the result of flexibility implementation; propose ways to solve these problems.Methodology. Methodological base of the article are the following scientific methods: deduction, comparative and individual analysis, methods of systematization and generalization of theoretical materials.Results. Conclusions / importance. Article proposes to use IPSS concept model that takes into consideration IPSS resources, actions and functions. With the help of this model switching options, that reflect the flexibility of IPSS, can be defi ned. Economic and technological aspects of changes should be taken into consideration with the help of integrated, iterative approach, that compares supplier costs on flexibility implementation and the clients desire to pay for it. At the same time supplier can calculate the potential profi t from provision of fl exibility. Thus, the basis for efficient decision making when the IPSS is structures is made.

  5. Path Searching Based Fault Automated Recovery Scheme for Distribution Grid with DG

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xia, Lin; Qun, Wang; Hui, Xue; Simeng, Zhu

    2016-12-01

    Applying the method of path searching based on distribution network topology in setting software has a good effect, and the path searching method containing DG power source is also applicable to the automatic generation and division of planned islands after the fault. This paper applies path searching algorithm in the automatic division of planned islands after faults: starting from the switch of fault isolation, ending in each power source, and according to the line load that the searching path traverses and the load integrated by important optimized searching path, forming optimized division scheme of planned islands that uses each DG as power source and is balanced to local important load. Finally, COBASE software and distribution network automation software applied are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the realization of such automatic restoration program.

  6. Novel Nano-Materials and Nano-Fabrication Techniques for Flexible Electronic Systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kyowon Kang

    2018-05-01

    Full Text Available Recent progress in fabricating flexible electronics has been significantly developed because of the increased interest in flexible electronics, which can be applied to enormous fields, not only conventional in electronic devices, but also in bio/eco-electronic devices. Flexible electronics can be applied to a wide range of fields, such as flexible displays, flexible power storages, flexible solar cells, wearable electronics, and healthcare monitoring devices. Recently, flexible electronics have been attached to the skin and have even been implanted into the human body for monitoring biosignals and for treatment purposes. To improve the electrical and mechanical properties of flexible electronics, nanoscale fabrications using novel nanomaterials are required. Advancements in nanoscale fabrication methods allow the construction of active materials that can be combined with ultrathin soft substrates to form flexible electronics with high performances and reliability. In this review, a wide range of flexible electronic applications via nanoscale fabrication methods, classified as either top-down or bottom-up approaches, including conventional photolithography, soft lithography, nanoimprint lithography, growth, assembly, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD, are introduced, with specific fabrication processes and results. Here, our aim is to introduce recent progress on the various fabrication methods for flexible electronics, based on novel nanomaterials, using application examples of fundamental device components for electronics and applications in healthcare systems.

  7. Advancing System Flexibility for High Penetration Renewable Integration

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Milligan, Michael [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Frew, Bethany [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Zhou, Ella [National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Arent, Douglas J. [Joint Inst. for Strategic Energy Analysis, Golden, CO (United States)

    2015-10-01

    This report summarizes some of the issues discussed during the engagement on power system flexibility. By design, the focus is on flexibility options used in the United States. Exploration of whether and how U.S. experiences can inform Chinese energy planning will be part of the continuing project, and will benefit from the knowledge base provided by this report. We believe the initial stage of collaboration represented in this report has successfully started a process of mutual understanding, helping Chinese researchers to begin evaluating how lessons learned in other countries might translate to China's unique geographic, economic, social, and political contexts.

  8. Simulation approach towards energy flexible manufacturing systems

    CERN Document Server

    Beier, Jan

    2017-01-01

    This authored monograph provides in-depth analysis and methods for aligning electricity demand of manufacturing systems to VRE supply. The book broaches both long-term system changes and real-time manufacturing execution and control, and the author presents a concept with different options for improved energy flexibility including battery, compressed air and embodied energy storage. The reader will also find a detailed application procedure as well as an implementation into a simulation prototype software. The book concludes with two case studies. The target audience primarily comprises research experts in the field of green manufacturing systems. .

  9. Flexibility of a combined heat and power system with thermal energy storage for district heating

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nuytten, Thomas; Claessens, Bert; Paredis, Kristof; Van Bael, Johan; Six, Daan

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: ► A generic model for flexibility assessment of thermal systems is proposed. ► The model is applied to a combined heat and power system with thermal energy storage. ► A centrally located storage offers more flexibility compared to individual units. ► Increasing the flexibility requires both a more powerful CHP and a larger buffer. - Abstract: The trend towards an increased importance of distributed (renewable) energy resources characterized by intermittent operation redefines the energy landscape. The stochastic nature of the energy systems on the supply side requires increased flexibility at the demand side. We present a model that determines the theoretical maximum of flexibility of a combined heat and power system coupled to a thermal energy storage solution that can be either centralized or decentralized. Conventional central heating, to meet the heat demand at peak moments, is also available. The implications of both storage concepts are evaluated in a reference district. The amount of flexibility created in the district heating system is determined by the approach of the system through delayed or forced operation mode. It is found that the distinction between the implementation of the thermal energy storage as a central unit or as a collection of local units, has a dramatic effect on the amount of available flexibility

  10. Building Flexible Manufacturing Systems Based on Peer-Its

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    dos Santos Rocha M

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Peer-to-peer computing principles have started to pervade into mechanical control systems, inducing a paradigm shift from centralized to autonomic control. We have developed a self-contained, miniaturized, universal and scalable peer-to-peer based hardware-software system, the peer-it platform, to serve as a stick-on computer solution to raise real-world artefacts like, for example, machines, tools, or appliances towards technology-rich, autonomous, self-induced, and context-aware peers, operating as spontaneously interacting ensembles. The peer-it platform integrates sensor, actuator, and wireless communication facilities on the hardware level, with an object-oriented, component-based coordination framework at the software level, thus providing a generic platform for sensing, computing, controlling, and communication on a large scale. The physical appearance of a peer-it supports pinning it to real-world artefacts, while at the same time integrating those artefacts into a mobile ad hoc network of peers. Peer-it networks thus represent ensembles of coordinated artefacts, exhibiting features of autonomy like self-management at the node level and self-organization at the network level. We demonstrate how the peer-it system implements the desired flexibility in automated manufacturing systems to react in the case of changes, whether intended or unexpectedly occuring. The peer-it system enables machine flexibility in that it adapts production facilities to produce new types of products, or change the order of operation executed on parts instantaneously. Secondly, it enables routing flexibility, that is, the ability to use multiple machines to spontaneously perform the same operation on one part alternatively (to implement autonomic fault tolerance or to absorb large-scale changes in volume, capacity, or capability (to implement autonomic scalability.

  11. Dynamic Model and Vibration Power Flow of a Rigid-Flexible Coupling and Harmonic-Disturbance Exciting System for Flexible Robotic Manipulator with Elastic Joints

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yufei Liu

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper investigates the dynamic of a flexible robotic manipulator (FRM which consists of rigid driving base, flexible links, and flexible joints. With considering the motion fluctuations caused by the coupling effect, such as the motor parameters and mechanism inertias, as harmonic disturbances, the system investigated in this paper remains a parametrically excited system. An elastic restraint model of the FRM with elastic joints (FRMEJ is proposed, which considers the elastic properties of the connecting joints between the flexible arm and the driving base, as well as the harmonic disturbances aroused by the electromechanical coupling effect. As a consequence, the FRMEJ accordingly remains a flexible multibody system which conveys the effects of rigid-flexible couple and electromechanical couple. The Lagrangian function and Hamilton’s principle are used to establish the dynamic model of the FRMEJ. Based on the dynamic model proposed, the vibration power flow is introduced to show the vibration energy distribution. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of the joint elasticities and the disturbance excitations, and the influences of the structure parameters and motion parameters on the vibration power flow are studied. The results obtained in this paper contribute to the structure design, motion optimization, and vibration control of FRMs.

  12. Inventory information approval system certification and flexible spending account purchases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shuey, Brandon; Williams, La Vonn A

    2010-01-01

    There is no question that 2009 was a year of change within the pharmacy industry. Several new requirements were implemented, including the need for an Inventory Information Approval System for accepting flexible spending or health reimbursement account cords. Some pharmacies relied on the 90% exemption rule, which is discussed within this article, or an alternative method to avoid the expense of a point of sale. However, with flexible spending or health reimbursement account card participation expected to reach 85% in 2010, now bay be the time for compounding pharmacists to weigh the pros and cons of Inventory Information Approval System certification.

  13. Comparative Analysis of Doppler Guided Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation (DG-HAL) & Infrared Coagulation (IRC) in Management of Hemorrhoids.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahmad, Arshad; Kant, Rama; Gupta, Avneet

    2013-08-01

    Both Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation (DG-HAL) and infrared coagulation (IRC) are well-established techniques in the management of hemorrhoids. The aim of the study is to compare the clinical outcomes of DG-HAL and IRC in the patients with grade 1 and 2 hemorrhoids. A total of 296 patients were registered for the study, but 51 patients were lost in follow-up; hence, finally 245 patients were included in the analysis. Patients were randomized into two groups (mean age, 42 years; range, 19-60 years). Group A (n = 116) was treated with DG-HAL and group B (n = 129) was treated with IRC. Patients were examined at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after the procedure. Mean time taken for HAL was 21 min and for IRC, 12 min. The cost of the DG-HAL procedure was 1,440 rupees ($31.53) and that of IRC was 376 rupees ($8). The mean duration of hospital stay after HAL was 6 h and after IRC, 2 h. Control of symptoms with HAL was 96 %, whereas with IRC, 81 %. Postoperative complication rate for HAL was 2 %, whereas for IRC, 13 %. Requirement of repeat procedure with HAL was 9 % and with IRC, 28 %. Both the procedures are minimally invasive, associated with minimal discomfort, and suitable for day care surgery. IRC requires lesser procedure time, lesser postoperative hospital stay, and has lower procedure cost, whereas DG-HAL is more effective in controlling symptoms of hemorrhoids, has lower post operative complication rate, and has lesser requirement of repeat procedure.

  14. Intelligent Bus Stops in the Flexible Bus Systems

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Razi Iqbal

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to discuss Intelligent Bus Stops in a special Demand Responsive Transit (DRT, the Flexible Bus System. These Intelligent Bus Stops are more efficient and information rich than Traditional Bus Stops. The real time synchronization of the Flexible Bus System makes it unique as compared to Traditional Bus Systems. The Main concern is to make Bus Stops intelligent and information rich. Buses are informed about the no. of passengers waiting at the upcoming Bus Stops. If there are no passengers to ride or get off on upcoming Bus Stop, the Bus can skip that Bus Stop and head towards the next Bus Stop where passenger is waiting, which will decrease the ride time of the passengers on the Bus and also the wait time of the passengers waiting on the upcoming Bus Stops. Providing more information at Bus Stops about the Destination (Time to Destination, Distance to Destination etc. and Buses (Bus Location, Arrival Time of Bus etc. makes it easier for the passengers to decide whether to ride a particular Bus or not.

  15. Illustration of distributed generation effects on protection system coordination

    Science.gov (United States)

    Alawami, Hussain Adnan

    Environmental concerns, market forces, and emergence of new technologies have recently resulted in restructuring electric utility from vertically integrated networks to competitive deregulated entities. Distributed generation (DG) is playing a major role in such deregulated markets. When they are installed in small amounts and small sizes, their impacts on the system may be negligible. When their penetration levels increase as well as their sizes, however, they may start affecting the system performance from more than one aspect. Power system protection needs to be re-assessed after the emergence of DG. This thesis attempts to illustrate the impact of DG on the power system protection coordination. It will study the operation of the impedance relays, fuses, reclosers and overcurrent relays when a DG is added to the distribution network. Different DG sizes, distances from the network and locations within the distribution system will be considered. Power system protection coordination is very sensitive to the DG size where it is not for the DG distance. DG location has direct impact on the operation of the protective devices especially when it is inserted in the middle point of the distribution system. Key Words, Distributed Generation, Impedance relay, fuses, reclosers, overcurrent relays, power system protection coordination.

  16. Flexibility valuation in the Brazilian power system: A real options approach

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marreco, Juliana de Moraes; Carpio, Lucio Guido Tapia

    2006-01-01

    This paper presents a valuation study of operational flexibility in the complex Brazilian Power System. Thermopower plants represent operational flexibility for the national system operator provided they can be dispatched in dry periods to supply part of the load when reservoir waters are too low. Deficit costs can be avoided as a result. We have adopted a real options approach to calculate the fair value of a financial subsidy to be paid to thermal generators for their availability to the system. A financial subsidy is mandatory for their economic feasibility and, therefore, for increased thermopower capacity in the Brazilian Power System. This is why this policy is currently being studied by Brazil's federal government. In order to illustrate our modeling we have run the model for the southeast subsystem. We found a flexibility value of US$4.52 billion, which represents US$497/MW per year. This means that a 100 MW thermopower plant should receive US$49,700 for each year of its economic lifetime as a fair premium incentive to investments

  17. Hybrid procedure for total laryngectomy with a flexible robot-assisted surgical system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schuler, Patrick J; Hoffmann, Thomas K; Veit, Johannes A; Rotter, Nicole; Friedrich, Daniel T; Greve, Jens; Scheithauer, Marc O

    2017-06-01

    Total laryngectomy is a standard procedure in head-and-neck surgery for the treatment of cancer patients. Recent clinical experiences have indicated a clinical benefit for patients undergoing transoral robot-assisted total laryngectomy (TORS-TL) with commercially available systems. Here, a new hybrid procedure for total laryngectomy is presented. TORS-TL was performed in human cadavers (n = 3) using a transoral-transcervical hybrid procedure. The transoral approach was performed with a robotic flexible robot-assisted surgical system (Flex®) and compatible flexible instruments. Transoral access and visualization of anatomical landmarks were studied in detail. Total laryngectomy is feasible with a combined transoral-transcervical approach using the flexible robot-assisted surgical system. Transoral visualization of all anatomical structures is sufficient. The flexible design of the robot is advantageous for transoral surgery of the laryngeal structures. Transoral robot assisted surgery has the potential to reduce morbidity, hospital time and fistula rates in a selected group of patients. Initial clinical studies and further development of supplemental tools are in progress. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  18. Distributed generation: remote power systems with advanced storage technologies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Clark, Woodrow; Isherwood, William

    2004-01-01

    The paper discusses derived from an earlier hypothetical study of remote villiages. It considers the policy implications for communities who have their own local power resources rather than those distributed through transmission from distant sources such as dams, coal power plants or even renewables generation from wind farms, solar thermal or other resources. The issues today, post 911 and the energy crises in California, Northeast North America and Europe, signal the need for a new and different approach to energy supply(s), reliability and dissemination. Distributed generation (DG) as explored in the earlier paper appears to be one such approach that allows for local communities to become energy self-sufficient. Along with energy conservation, efficiency, and on-site generation, local power sources provide concrete definitions and understandings for heretofore ill defined concepts such as sustainability and eco-systems. The end result for any region and nation-state are 'agile energy systems' which use flexible DG, on-site generation and conservation systems meeting the needs of local communities. Now the challenge is to demonstrate and provide economic and policy structures for implementing new advanced technologies for local communities. For institutionalizing economically viable and sound environmental technologies then new finance mechanisms must be established that better reflect the true costs of clean energy distributed in local communities. For example, the aggregation of procurement contracts for on-site solar systems is far more cost effective than for each business owner, public building or household to purchase its own separate units. Thus mass purchasing contracts that are link technologies as hybrids can dramatically reduce costs. In short public-private partnerships can implement the once costly clean energy technologies into local DG systems

  19. A system-of-systems framework for the reliability analysis of distributed generation systems accounting for the impact of degraded communication networks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mo, Hua-Dong; Li, Yan-Fu; Zio, Enrico

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • A system-of-systems framework is proposed for reliability analysis of DG system. • The impact of degraded communication networks is included and quantified. • Various uncertainties and contingencies in the DG system are considered. • A Monte Carlo simulation-optimal power flow computational framework is developed. • The results of the application study show the power of the proposed framework. - Abstract: Distributed generation (DG) systems install communication networks for managing real-time energy imbalance. Different from previous research, which typically assumes perfect communication networks, this work aims to quantitatively account for the impact of degraded communication networks on DG systems performance. The degraded behavior of communication networks is modeled by stochastic continuous time transmission delays and packet dropouts. On the DG systems side, we consider the inherent uncertainties of renewable energy sources, loads and energy prices. We develop a Monte Carlo simulation-optimal power flow (MCS-OPF) computational framework that is capable of generating consecutive time-dependent operating scenarios of the integrated system. Quantitative analysis is carried out to measure the impact of communication networks degradation onto the DG systems. For illustration, the framework is applied to a modified IEEE 13 nodes test feeder. The results demonstrate that the degraded communication networks can significantly deteriorate the performance of the integrated system. A grey differential model-based prediction method for reconstructing missing data is effective in mitigating the influence of the degraded communication networks.

  20. Design-order, non-conformal low-Mach fluid algorithms using a hybrid CVFEM/DG approach

    Science.gov (United States)

    Domino, Stefan P.

    2018-04-01

    A hybrid, design-order sliding mesh algorithm, which uses a control volume finite element method (CVFEM), in conjunction with a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approach at non-conformal interfaces, is outlined in the context of a low-Mach fluid dynamics equation set. This novel hybrid DG approach is also demonstrated to be compatible with a classic edge-based vertex centered (EBVC) scheme. For the CVFEM, element polynomial, P, promotion is used to extend the low-order P = 1 CVFEM method to higher-order, i.e., P = 2. An equal-order low-Mach pressure-stabilized methodology, with emphasis on the non-conformal interface boundary condition, is presented. A fully implicit matrix solver approach that accounts for the full stencil connectivity across the non-conformal interface is employed. A complete suite of formal verification studies using the method of manufactured solutions (MMS) is performed to verify the order of accuracy of the underlying methodology. The chosen suite of analytical verification cases range from a simple steady diffusion system to a traveling viscous vortex across mixed-order non-conformal interfaces. Results from all verification studies demonstrate either second- or third-order spatial accuracy and, for transient solutions, second-order temporal accuracy. Significant accuracy gains in manufactured solution error norms are noted even with modest promotion of the underlying polynomial order. The paper also demonstrates the CVFEM/DG methodology on two production-like simulation cases that include an inner block subjected to solid rotation, i.e., each of the simulations include a sliding mesh, non-conformal interface. The first production case presented is a turbulent flow past a high-rate-of-rotation cube (Re, 4000; RPM, 3600) on like and mixed-order polynomial interfaces. The final simulation case is a full-scale Vestas V27 225 kW wind turbine (tower and nacelle omitted) in which a hybrid topology, low-order mesh is used. Both production simulations

  1. ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING DAN SIMULATED ANNEALING UNTUK PENCARIAN RUTE PADA FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

    OpenAIRE

    Gregorius Satia Budhi

    2003-01-01

    Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is a manufacturing system that is formed from several Numerical Controlled Machines combine with material handling system, so that different jobs can be worked by different machines sequences. FMS combine the high productivity and flexibility of Transfer Line and Job Shop manufacturing system. In this reasearch, Activity-Based Costing(ABC) approach was used as the weight to search the operation route in the proper machine, so that the total production cost ...

  2. Application of diagnostic system for diesel engines in nuclear power plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yoshinaga, Takeshi

    2004-01-01

    The diagnostic system for diesel engines makes a diagnosis of secular change and abnormal indications of diesel engines (DG) by combination of characteristic analysis of engine, lubricating oil, fuel oil, and cooling water. The principles of diagnostic system for DG, results of confirmation of the efficiency and the maintenance plan for DG in the Japan Atomic Power Company are described. DG in the company is classified to a safety device in order to supply the power source to the Emergency Core Cooling System etc., when the power source in the plant is lost, for example, at lightning struck. Characteristics of DG, outline of the diagnostic system for DG, diagnostic technologies such as engine signature analysis, chemical analysis of samples, temperature measurement, degradation mode of DG, and training in the company are stated. (S.Y.)

  3. A Flexible Electronic Commerce Recommendation System

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gong, Songjie

    Recommendation systems have become very popular in E-commerce websites. Many of the largest commerce websites are already using recommender technologies to help their customers find products to purchase. An electronic commerce recommendation system learns from a customer and recommends products that the customer will find most valuable from among the available products. But most recommendation methods are hard-wired into the system and they support only fixed recommendations. This paper presented a framework of flexible electronic commerce recommendation system. The framework is composed by user model interface, recommendation engine, recommendation strategy model, recommendation technology group, user interest model and database interface. In the recommender strategy model, the method can be collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, mining associate rules method, knowledge-based filtering method or the mixed method. The system mapped the implementation and demand through strategy model, and the whole system would be design as standard parts to adapt to the change of the recommendation strategy.

  4. Normalized glandular dose (DgN) coefficients for flat-panel CT breast imaging

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Thacker, Samta C; Glick, Stephen J

    2004-01-01

    The development of new digital mammography techniques such as dual-energy imaging, tomosynthesis and CT breast imaging will require investigation of optimal camera design parameters and optimal imaging acquisition parameters. In optimizing these acquisition protocols and imaging systems it is important to have knowledge of the radiation dose to the breast. This study presents a methodology for estimating the normalized glandular dose to the uncompressed breast using the geometry proposed for flat-panel CT breast imaging. The simulation uses the GEANT 3 Monte Carlo code to model x-ray transport and absorption within the breast phantom. The Monte Carlo software was validated for breast dosimetry by comparing results of the normalized glandular dose (DgN) values of the compressed breast to those reported in the literature. The normalized glandular dose was then estimated for a range of breast diameters from 10 cm to 18 cm using an uncompressed breast model with a homogeneous composition of adipose and glandular tissue, and for monoenergetic x-rays from 10 keV to 120 keV. These data were fit providing expressions for the normalized glandular dose. Using these expressions for the DgN coefficients and input variables such as the diameter, height and composition of the breast phantom, the mean glandular dose for any spectra can be estimated. A computer program to provide normalized glandular dose values has been made available online. In addition, figures displaying energy deposition maps are presented to better understand the spatial distribution of dose in CT breast imaging

  5. Two methods for decreasing the flexibility gap in national energy systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Batas Bjelić, Ilija; Rajaković, Nikola; Krajačić, Goran; Duić, Neven

    2016-01-01

    More variable renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures create an additional flexibility gap and require a novel energy planning method for sustainable national energy systems. The firstly presented method uses only EnergyPLAN tool in order to decrease the flexibility gap in a national energy system. Generic Optimization program (GenOpt"®) is an optimization program for the minimization of a cost function that is evaluated by an external simulation program, such as EnergyPLAN, which was used as the second method in this research. Successful strategies to decrease the flexibility gap are verified on the case of the Serbian national energy system using two methods for its structure design: (1) the iterative method, based on heuristics and manual procedure of using only EnergyPLAN, and (2) the optimization method, based on soft-linking of EnergyPLAN with GenOpt"®. The latter method, named EPOPT (EnergyPlan-genOPT), found the solution for the structure of the sustainable national energy system at the total cost of 8190 M€, while the iterative method was only able to find solutions at the cost in the range of 8251–8598 M€ by targeting only one sustainability goal. The advantages of the EPOPT method are its accuracy, user-friendliness and minimal costs, are valuable for planners. - Highlights: • Heuristic and optimization method for sustainable national energy system structure. • The same input assumptions resulting in different energy system structure. • Both methods are successful in decreasing of the flexibility gap. • The EPOPT method advantages are in the speed, accuracy and planner comfort. • Advanced method for the sustainable national energy policy planning.

  6. Silvabase: A flexible data file management system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lambing, Steven J.; Reynolds, Sandra J.

    1991-01-01

    The need for a more flexible and efficient data file management system for mission planning in the Mission Operations Laboratory (EO) at MSFC has spawned the development of Silvabase. Silvabase is a new data file structure based on a B+ tree data structure. This data organization allows for efficient forward and backward sequential reads, random searches, and appends to existing data. It also provides random insertions and deletions with reasonable efficiency, utilization of storage space well but not at the expense of speed, and performance of these functions on a large volume of data. Mission planners required that some data be keyed and manipulated in ways not found in a commercial product. Mission planning software is currently being converted to use Silvabase in the Spacelab and Space Station Mission Planning Systems. Silvabase runs on a Digital Equipment Corporation's popular VAX/VMS computers in VAX Fortran. Silvabase has unique features involving time histories and intervals such as in operations research. Because of its flexibility and unique capabilities, Silvabase could be used in almost any government or commercial application that requires efficient reads, searches, and appends in medium to large amounts of almost any kind of data.

  7. PC (programmable controller) 'HISEC 04-M/D, DG for industrial plant control

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takakura, Mitsuro; Tennichi, Yasuhiro; Kato, Takayoshi; Yamaoka, Hiromasa

    1986-01-01

    While the decentralization and total digitization of control system have advanced, programmable controllers that electric control engineers can easily handle have developed in their function and performance. Besides, recent control system became large scale and complex, on the other hand, the needs of improving product quality and productivity increased, accordingly, the programmable controllers which can meet higher function and rapid control and realize the minimum interface in both hardware and software have been demanded. Hitachi Ltd. has completed the programmable controller ''HISEC 04-M/OG'', in which the heightening of performance was planned, the multiple controller system having process input and output equipments in common can be made, and the economical efficiency was pursued by adopting optical multiple transmission system, so as to be able to build up an optimum decentralized system. In this report, the outline of HISEC 04-M/D, DG and the function, a typical system constitution, and the function of a programming and debugging tool are described. When high reliability is required, a tripled system is offered. In this case, a multiport process input/output equipment is connected to three CPUs. (Kako, I.)

  8. Development of a CB Resistant Durable, Flexible Hydration System

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Hall, Peyton W; Zeller, Frank T; Bulluck, John W; Dingus, Michael L

    2002-01-01

    A durable, flexible hydration system resistant to contamination by contact with VX, GD, and HD chemical agents, as well as damage by the decontaminants sodium hypochlorite and DS-2 is being developed for aviator use...

  9. Flexible AC transmission systems modelling and control

    CERN Document Server

    Zhang, Xiao-Ping; Pal, Bikash

    2012-01-01

    The extended and revised second edition of this successful monograph presents advanced modeling, analysis and control techniques of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). The book covers comprehensively a range of power-system control problems: from steady-state voltage and power flow control, to voltage and reactive power control, to voltage stability control, to small signal stability control using FACTS controllers. In the six years since the first edition of the book has been published research on the FACTS has continued to flourish while renewable energy has developed into a mature and

  10. Stability analysis of transmission system with high penetration of distributed generation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Reza, M.

    2006-12-21

    Nowadays, interest in generating electricity using decentralized generators of relatively small scale ('distributed generation', DG) is increasing. This work deals with the impact of implementing DG on the transmission system transient stability, with the emphasis on a potential transition from a 'vertical power system' to a 'horizontal power system. A problem in power systems is maintaining synchronous operation of all (centralized) synchronous machines. This stability problem associated is called rotor angle stability. In this work, the impact of the DG implementation on this is investigated. The impact of DG levels on the system transient stability when the increasing DG level is followed by a reduction of centralized generators in service resulting in a 'vertical to horizontal' transformation of the power system is also investigated. Furthermore, a stochastic analysis is used to study the transient stability of the power systems. The results show that including the stochastic behavior of DG leads to a more complete and detailed view of the system performance. Finally, the situation when the power system is pushed towards a scenario, where DG penetration reaches a level that covers the total load of the original power system (100% DG level) is investigated. The research performed in this work indicates that from the transmission system stability point of view, if higher DG penetration levels are coming up, sufficient inertia and voltage support must be installed. Furthermore, one should be aware of the fact that the system behaves stochastically, especially with DG. To a certain extent regional balancing of power can be performed by local voltage control.

  11. Free Vibration Analysis of a Spinning Flexible DISK-SPINDLE System Supported by Ball Bearing and Flexible Shaft Using the Finite Element Method and Substructure Synthesis

    Science.gov (United States)

    JANG, G. H.; LEE, S. H.; JUNG, M. S.

    2002-03-01

    Free vibration of a spinning flexible disk-spindle system supported by ball bearing and flexible shaft is analyzed by using Hamilton's principle, FEM and substructure synthesis. The spinning disk is described by using the Kirchhoff plate theory and von Karman non-linear strain. The rotating spindle and stationary shaft are modelled by Rayleigh beam and Euler beam respectively. Using Hamilton's principle and including the rigid body translation and tilting motion, partial differential equations of motion of the spinning flexible disk and spindle are derived consistently to satisfy the geometric compatibility in the internal boundary between substructures. FEM is used to discretize the derived governing equations, and substructure synthesis is introduced to assemble each component of the disk-spindle-bearing-shaft system. The developed method is applied to the spindle system of a computer hard disk drive with three disks, and modal testing is performed to verify the simulation results. The simulation result agrees very well with the experimental one. This research investigates critical design parameters in an HDD spindle system, i.e., the non-linearity of a spinning disk and the flexibility and boundary condition of a stationary shaft, to predict the free vibration characteristics accurately. The proposed method may be effectively applied to predict the vibration characteristics of a spinning flexible disk-spindle system supported by ball bearing and flexible shaft in the various forms of computer storage device, i.e., FDD, CD, HDD and DVD.

  12. Flexibility of production systems and prepare-finish time

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vukićević Milan R.

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available One of the specificities of the large-serial and mass production is the almost neglected percentage of prepare-finish time in the production cycle. In the conditions of today dominant discontinuous production, it becomes a significant element of the production cycle. The eastern (Japan doctrine of increasing the flexibility of the production systems, is based inter alia also on the extreme reduction of the prepare-finish time. For this reason, the aim of this study was to identify the types and percentages of individual jobs within the group of prepare-finish jobs. The sample consisted of 3 (three production systems for the production of joinery, with the discontinuous production system. The research shows that the percentage of time of the jobs installation of work instruments, regulation of processing regime, and removal of work instruments is extremely long and that it ranges between 11.83% and 18.93% of the shift time. The reasons of the high percentage of these jobs are the wide range of products and the absence of the rationalisation of prepare-finish jobs. Within the efforts to minimize the effects of disruption and to increase the flexibility of the production systems, the rationalisation of prepare-finish jobs is the unavoidable condition.

  13. Reliability worth assessment of radial systems with distributed generation

    OpenAIRE

    Bellart Llavall, Francesc Xavier

    2010-01-01

    With recent advances in technology, utilities generation (DG) on the distribution systems. Reliability worth is very important in power system planning and operation. Having a DG ensures reli increase the reliability worth. This research project presents the study of a radial distribution system and the impact of placing DG in order to increase the reliability worth. where a DG have to be placed. The reliability improvement is measured by different reliability indices tha...

  14. Dynamic Model of a Rotating Flexible Arm-Flexible Root Mechanism Driven by a Shaft Flexible in Torsion

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S.Z. Ismail

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents a dynamic model of a rotating flexible beam carrying a payload at its tip. The model accounts for the driving shaft and the arm root flexibilities. The finite element method and the Lagrangian dynamics are used in deriving the equations of motion with the small deformation theory assumptions and the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The obtained model is a nonlinear-coupled system of differential equations. The model is simulated for different combinations of shaft and root flexibilities and arm properties. The simulation results showed that the root flexibility is an important factor that should be considered in association with the arm and shaft flexibilities, as its dynamics influence the motor motion. Moreover, the effect of system non-linearity on the dynamic behavior is investigated by simulating the equivalent linearized system and it was found to be an important factor that should be considered, particularly when designing a control strategy for practical implementation.

  15. A Multiagent System-Based Protection and Control Scheme for Distribution System With Distributed-Generation Integration

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Liu, Z.; Su, Chi; Hoidalen, Hans

    2017-01-01

    In this paper, a multi agent system (MAS) based protection and control scheme is proposed to deal with diverse operation conditions in distribution system due to distributed generation (DG) integration. Based on cooperation between DG controller and relays, an adaptive protection and control...... algorithm is designed on converter based wind turbine DG to limit the influence of infeed fault current. With the consideration of DG control modes, an adaptive relay setting strategy is developed to help protective relays adapt suitable settings to different operation conditions caused by the variations...

  16. High precision NC lathe feeding system rigid-flexible coupling model reduction technology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xuan, He; Hua, Qingsong; Cheng, Lianjun; Zhang, Hongxin; Zhao, Qinghai; Mao, Xinkai

    2017-08-01

    This paper proposes the use of dynamic substructure method of reduction of order to achieve effective reduction of feed system for high precision NC lathe feeding system rigid-flexible coupling model, namely the use of ADAMS to establish the rigid flexible coupling simulation model of high precision NC lathe, and then the vibration simulation of the period by using the FD 3D damper is very effective for feed system of bolt connection reduction of multi degree of freedom model. The vibration simulation calculation is more accurate, more quickly.

  17. Flexible AC transmission systems: the state of the art

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Edris, Abdel-Aty [Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA (United States). Electric Systems Division

    1994-12-31

    Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) is a concept promoting the use of power electronic controllers to enhance the controllability and usable capacity of AC transmission. This paper presents the state of the art of FACTS and the status of the current projects for the application of the FACTS controllers in transmission systems. (author) 8 refs., 8 figs.

  18. Deceit: A flexible distributed file system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Siegel, Alex; Birman, Kenneth; Marzullo, Keith

    1989-01-01

    Deceit, a distributed file system (DFS) being developed at Cornell, focuses on flexible file semantics in relation to efficiency, scalability, and reliability. Deceit servers are interchangeable and collectively provide the illusion of a single, large server machine to any clients of the Deceit service. Non-volatile replicas of each file are stored on a subset of the file servers. The user is able to set parameters on a file to achieve different levels of availability, performance, and one-copy serializability. Deceit also supports a file version control mechanism. In contrast with many recent DFS efforts, Deceit can behave like a plain Sun Network File System (NFS) server and can be used by any NFS client without modifying any client software. The current Deceit prototype uses the ISIS Distributed Programming Environment for all communication and process group management, an approach that reduces system complexity and increases system robustness.

  19. Efficient industrial burner control of a flexible burner management system; Effiziente industrielle Brennertechnik durch Einsatz flexibler Feuerungsautomaten

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hofmann, Ulrich; Saenger, Peter [Siemens AG, Rastatt (Germany)

    2012-02-15

    Compactness and flexibility of a burner control system is a very important issue. With a few types a wide range in different industrial applications should be covered. This paper presents different applications of a new burner control system: heating of cooling lines in glass industry, steam generation and air heating for a pistachio roastery and in grain dryers. (orig.)

  20. Could We Realize the Fully Flexible System by Real-Time Computing with Thin-Film Transistors?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Qin Li

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Flexible electronic devices, such as the typical thin-film transistors, are widely adopted in the area of sensors, displayers, wearable equipment, and such large-area applications, for their features of bending and stretching; additionally, in some applications of lower-resolution data converters recently, where a trend appears that implementing more parts of system with flexible devices to realize the fully flexible system. Nevertheless, relatively fewer works on the computation parts with flexible electronic devices are reported, due to their poor carrier mobility, which blocks the way to realize the fully flexible systems with uniform manufacturing process. In this paper, a novel circuit architecture for image processing accelerator using Oxide Thin-film transistor (TFT, which could realize real-time image pre-processing and classification in the analog domain, is proposed, where the performance and fault-tolerance of image signal processing is exploited. All of the computation is done in the analog signal domain and no clock signal is needed. Therefore, certain weaknesses of flexible electronic devices, such as low carrier mobility, could be remedied dramatically. In this paper, Simulations based on Oxide TFT device model have demonstrated that the flexible computing parts could perform 5 × 5 Gaussian convolution operation at a speed of 3.3 MOPS/s with the energy efficiency of 1.83 TOPS/J, and realize image classification at a speed of 10 k fps, with the energy efficiency of 5.25 GOPS/J, which means that the potential applications to realize real-time computing parts of complex algorithms with flexible electronic devices, as well as the future fully flexible systems containing sensors, data converters, energy suppliers, and real-time signal processing modules, all with flexible devices.

  1. A combined ADER-DG and PML approach for simulating wave propagation in unbounded domains

    KAUST Repository

    Amler, Thomas

    2012-09-19

    In this work, we present a numerical approach for simulating wave propagation in unbounded domains which combines discontinuous Galerkin methods with arbitrary high order time integration (ADER-DG) and a stabilized modification of perfectly matched layers (PML). Here, the ADER-DG method is applied to Bérenger’s formulation of PML. The instabilities caused by the original PML formulation are treated by a fractional step method that allows to monitor whether waves are damped in PML region. In grid cells where waves are amplified by the PML, the contribution of damping terms is neglected and auxiliary variables are reset. Results of 2D simulations in acoustic media with constant and discontinuous material parameters are presented to illustrate the performance of the method.

  2. Reduced Cerebral Oxygen Content in the DG and SVZ In Situ Promotes Neurogenesis in the Adult Rat Brain In Vivo.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kuan Zhang

    Full Text Available Neurogenesis in the adult brain occurs mainly within two neurogenic structures, the dentate gyrus (DG of the hippocampus and the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ of the forebrain. It has been reported that mild hypoxia promoted the proliferation of Neural Stem Cells (NSCsin vitro. Our previous study further demonstrated that an external hypoxic environment stimulated neurogenesis in the adult rat brain in vivo. However, it remains unknown how external hypoxic environments affect the oxygen content in the brain and result in neurogenesis. Here we use an optical fiber luminescent oxygen sensor to detect the oxygen content in the adult rat brain in situ under normoxia and hypoxia. We found that the distribution of oxygen in cerebral regions is spatiotemporally heterogeneous. The Po2 values in the ventricles (45∼50 Torr and DG (approximately 10 Torr were much higher than those of other parts of the brain, such as the cortex and thalamus (approximately 2 Torr. Interestingly, our in vivo studies showed that an external hypoxic environment could change the intrinsic oxygen content in brain tissues, notably reducing oxygen levels in both the DG and SVZ, the major sites of adult neurogenesis. Furthermore, the hypoxic environment also increased the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF, two factors that have been reported to regulate neurogenesis, within the DG and SVZ. Thus, we have demonstrated that reducing the oxygen content of the external environment decreased Po2 levels in the DG and SVZ. This reduced oxygen level in the DG and SVZ might be the main mechanism triggering neurogenesis in the adult brain. More importantly, we speculate that varying oxygen levels may be the physiological basis of the regionally restricted neurogenesis in the adult brain.

  3. On the relation between flexibility analysis and robust optimization for linear systems

    KAUST Repository

    Zhang, Qi

    2016-03-05

    Flexibility analysis and robust optimization are two approaches to solving optimization problems under uncertainty that share some fundamental concepts, such as the use of polyhedral uncertainty sets and the worst-case approach to guarantee feasibility. The connection between these two approaches has not been sufficiently acknowledged and examined in the literature. In this context, the contributions of this work are fourfold: (1) a comparison between flexibility analysis and robust optimization from a historical perspective is presented; (2) for linear systems, new formulations for the three classical flexibility analysis problems—flexibility test, flexibility index, and design under uncertainty—based on duality theory and the affinely adjustable robust optimization (AARO) approach are proposed; (3) the AARO approach is shown to be generally more restrictive such that it may lead to overly conservative solutions; (4) numerical examples show the improved computational performance from the proposed formulations compared to the traditional flexibility analysis models. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3109–3123, 2016

  4. Indirect control of flexible demand for power system applications

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sossan, Fabrizio

    This thesis addresses the topic of control of flexible demand to provide support to the operation of the electric power system. We focus on the indirect control approach, a framework that enables demand response by means of a consumption incentive signal. Initially, the concept of flexibility...... a shift in the consumption according to an indirect control signal. We present from simple control algorithms with a few requirements up to model predictive control strategies. The performance of the indirect control algorithms are compared by means of hardware-in-the-loop simulations using Power...... and storage in the operation of the future power system, we develop a model predictive control strategy for a smart building with the objective of supplying iii space heating and providing regulating power to the grid according to a dynamic electricity price. We named this application energy replacement...

  5. Comparative Analysis of Possible Designs for Flexible Distribution System Operation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lin, Jeremy; Knezovic, Katarina

    2016-01-01

    for achieving the most efficient utilization of these resources while meeting the forecasted load. In this paper, we present possible system design frameworks proposed for flexible distribution system operation. Critical evaluations and comparison of these models are made based on a number of key attributes...

  6. Flexibility Driven Scheduling and Mapping for Distributed Real-Time Systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pop, Paul; Eles, Petru; Peng, Zebo

    2002-01-01

    In this paper we present an approach to mapping and scheduling of distributed hard real-time systems, aiming at improving the flexibility of the design process. We consider an incremental design process that starts from an already existing system running a set of applications, with preemptive...

  7. Flexibility analysis of main primary heat transport system : Narora Atomic Power Project

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rastogi, S.K.

    1975-01-01

    The paper presents flexibility analysis problem of main primary heat transport system and the approximate analysis that has been made to estimate the loads coming on major equipments. The primary heat transport system for Narora Atomic Power Project is adopting vertical steam generators and pumps equally divided on either side of the reactor with inter-connecting pipes and feeders. Since the system is mainly spring supported with movement of a few points in certain direction defined but no anchorage, it represents a good problem for flexibility analysis which can only be solved in one step by developing a good computer programme. (author)

  8. A multi-modality tracking, navigation and calibration for a flexible robotic drill system for total hip arthroplasty.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahmad Fuad, Ahmad Nazmi Bin; Deep, Kamal; Yao, Wei

    2018-02-01

    This paper presents a novel multi-modality tracking and navigation system that provides a unique capability to guild a flexible drill tip inside the bone with accurate curved tunnelling. As the flexible drill tip cannot be tracked optically inside the bone, this research focuses on developing a hybrid tracking and navigation system for tracking a flexible drill tip by using both optical and kinematic tracking. The tracking information is used to guide the THA (total hip arthroplasty) procedure, providing a real-time virtual model of the flexible drill. The flexible and steerable drill tip system is then tested on total hip arthroplasty followed by evaluation of the positioning and orientation of femoral stem placement by femoral milling. Based on this study, we conclude that the tracking and navigation system is able to guide the flexible drill to mill inside femoral canal. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  9. Online scheduling of 2-re-entrant flexible manufacturing systems

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Pinxten, J. van; Waqas, U.; Geilen, M.; Basten, T.; Somers, L.

    2017-01-01

    Online scheduling of operations is essential to optimize productivity of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) where manufacturing requests arrive on the fly. An FMS processes products according to a particular flow through processing stations. This work focusses on online scheduling of re-entrant

  10. Flexibility First, Then Standardize: A Strategy for Growing Inter-Departmental Systems.

    Science.gov (United States)

    á Torkilsheyggi, Arnvør

    2015-01-01

    Any attempt to use IT to standardize work practices faces the challenge of finding a balance between standardization and flexibility. In implementing electronic whiteboards with the goal of standardizing inter-departmental practices, a hospital in Denmark chose to follow the strategy of "flexibility first, then standardization." To improve the local grounding of the system, they first focused on flexibility by configuring the whiteboards to support intra-departmental practices. Subsequently, they focused on standardization by using the white-boards to negotiate standardization of inter-departmental practices. This paper investigates the chosen strategy and finds: that super users on many wards managed to configure the whiteboard to support intra-departmental practices; that initiatives to standardize inter-departmental practices improved coordination of certain processes; and that the chosen strategy posed a challenge for finding the right time and manner to shift the balance from flexibility to standardization.

  11. Impact of Flexibility of Manufacturing System Components on Competitiveness of SMEs in Northern India

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shakun Preet Kaur

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available The present manufacturing environment is characterized by a number of changes which poses challenges to a typical manufacturing unit. Time demands a shift from the traditional manufacturing strategies as they do not fit to present market competition. A flexible systems strategy has to be designed for remaining competitive in the market and perform well. For designing strategies and policies it is important to know the factors that influence performance of the system. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of the flexibility of manufacturing system components on competitiveness of SMEs in northern India. A questionnaire based survey was conducted in the SMEs across northern India analysing three sectors namely automotive, machine tool and light engineering (mechanical components and equipment. The study contributes to the existing literature by empirically investigating the impact of machine, material handling and worker flexibility on competitiveness of manufacturing firms. This paper presents a Structural Equation Model displaying the impact of flexibility of manufacturing system components on competitiveness of SMEs.

  12. Energy Savings Potential of Flexible and Adaptive HVAC Distribution Systems for Office Buildings

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Loftness, Vivian; Brahme, Rohini; Mondazzi, Michelle; Vineyard, Edward; MacDonald, Michael

    2002-06-01

    It has been understood by architects and engineers that office buildings with easily re-configurable space and flexible mechanical and electrical systems are able to provide comfort that increases worker productivity while using less energy. Raised floors are an example of how fresh air, thermal conditioning, lighting needs, and network access can be delivered in a flexible manner that is not ''embedded'' within the structure. What are not yet documented is how well these systems perform and how much energy they can save. This area is being investigated in phased projects of the 21st Century Research Program of the Air-conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute. For the initial project, research teams at the Center for Building Performance and Diagnostics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, documented the diversity, performance, and incidence of flexible and adaptive HVAC systems. Information was gathered worldwide from journal and conference articles, case studies, manufactured products and assemblies, and interviews with design professionals. Their report thoroughly describes the variety of system types along with the various design alternatives observed for plenums, diffusers, individual control, and system integration. Many of the systems are illustrated in the report and the authors provide quantitative and qualitative comparisons. Among conclusions regarding key design issues, and barriers to widespread adoption, the authors state that flexible and adaptive HVAC systems, such as underfloor air, perform as well if not better than ceiling-based systems. Leading engineers have become active proponents after their first experience, which is resulting in these flexible and adaptive HVAC systems approaching 10 percent of the new construction market. To encourage adoption of this technology that improves thermal comfort and indoor air quality, follow-on work is required to further document

  13. Stress analysis in a pedicle screw fixation system with flexible rods in the lumbar spine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Kyungsoo; Park, Won Man; Kim, Yoon Hyuk; Lee, SuKyoung

    2010-01-01

    Breakage of screws has been one of the most common complications in spinal fixation systems. However, no studies have examined the breakage risk of pedicle screw fixation systems that use flexible rods, even though flexible rods are currently being used for dynamic stabilization. In this study, the risk of breakage of screws for the rods with various flexibilities in pedicle screw fixation systems is investigated by calculating the von Mises stress as a breakage risk factor using finite element analysis. Three-dimensional finite element models of the lumbar spine with posterior one-level spinal fixations at L4-L5 using four types of rod (a straight rod, a 4 mm spring rod, a 3 mm spring rod, and a 2 mm spring rod) were developed. The von Mises stresses in both the pedicle screws and the rods were analysed under flexion, extension, lateral bending, and torsion moments of 10 Nm with a follower load of 400 N. The maximum von Mises stress, which was concentrated on the neck region of the pedicle screw, decreased as the flexibility of the rod increased. However, the ratio of the maximum stress in the rod to the yield stress increased substantially when a highly flexible rod was used. Thus, the level of rod flexibility should be considered carefully when using flexible rods for dynamic stabilization because the intersegmental motion facilitated by the flexible rod results in rod breakage.

  14. Large-Signal DG-MOSFET Modelling for RFID Rectification

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Rodríguez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available This paper analyses the undoped DG-MOSFETs capability for the operation of rectifiers for RFIDs and Wireless Power Transmission (WPT at microwave frequencies. For this purpose, a large-signal compact model has been developed and implemented in Verilog-A. The model has been numerically validated with a device simulator (Sentaurus. It is found that the number of stages to achieve the optimal rectifier performance is inferior to that required with conventional MOSFETs. In addition, the DC output voltage could be incremented with the use of appropriate mid-gap metals for the gate, as TiN. Minor impact of short channel effects (SCEs on rectification is also pointed out.

  15. Operation optimization of distributed generation using artificial intelligent techniques

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mahmoud H. Elkazaz

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available Future smart grids will require an observable, controllable and flexible network architecture for reliable and efficient energy delivery. The use of artificial intelligence and advanced communication technologies is essential in building a fully automated system. This paper introduces a new technique for online optimal operation of distributed generation (DG resources, i.e. a hybrid fuel cell (FC and photovoltaic (PV system for residential applications. The proposed technique aims to minimize the total daily operating cost of a group of residential homes by managing the operation of embedded DG units remotely from a control centre. The target is formed as an objective function that is solved using genetic algorithm (GA optimization technique. The optimal settings of the DG units obtained from the optimization process are sent to each DG unit through a fully automated system. The results show that the proposed technique succeeded in defining the optimal operating points of the DGs that affect directly the total operating cost of the entire system.

  16. FlexSAR, a high quality, flexible, cost effective, prototype SAR system

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jensen, Mark; Knight, Chad; Haslem, Brent

    2016-05-01

    The FlexSAR radar system was designed to be a high quality, low-cost, flexible research prototype instrument. Radar researchers and practitioners often desire the ability to prototype new or advanced configurations, yet the ability to enhance or upgrade existing radar systems can be cost prohibitive. FlexSAR answers the need for a flexible radar system that can be extended easily, with minimal cost and time expenditures. The design approach focuses on reducing the resources required for developing and validating new advanced radar modalities. Such an approach fosters innovation and provides risk reduction since actual radar data can be collected in the appropriate mode, processed, and analyzed early in the development process. This allows for an accurate, detailed understanding of the corresponding trade space. This paper is a follow-on to last years paper and discusses the advancements that have been made to the FlexSAR system. The overall system architecture is discussed and presented along with several examples illustrating the system utility.

  17. Flexible and Safe Control of Mobile Surface Systems, Phase II

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The primary innovation of this work is a novel approach for flexible and safe control of highly capable mobile surface systems, such as long-duration science rovers,...

  18. Integration of car-body flexibility into train-track coupling system dynamics analysis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ling, Liang; Zhang, Qing; Xiao, Xinbiao; Wen, Zefeng; Jin, Xuesong

    2018-04-01

    The resonance vibration of flexible car-bodies greatly affects the dynamics performances of high-speed trains. In this paper, we report a three-dimensional train-track model to capture the flexible vibration features of high-speed train carriages based on the flexible multi-body dynamics approach. The flexible car-body is modelled using both the finite element method (FEM) and the multi-body dynamics (MBD) approach, in which the rigid motions are obtained by using the MBD theory and the structure deformation is calculated by the FEM and the modal superposition method. The proposed model is applied to investigate the influence of the flexible vibration of car-bodies on the dynamics performances of train-track systems. The dynamics performances of a high-speed train running on a slab track, including the car-body vibration behaviour, the ride comfort, and the running safety, calculated by the numerical models with rigid and flexible car-bodies are compared in detail. The results show that the car-body flexibility not only significantly affects the vibration behaviour and ride comfort of rail carriages, but also can has an important influence on the running safety of trains. The rigid car-body model underestimates the vibration level and ride comfort of rail vehicles, and ignoring carriage torsional flexibility in the curving safety evaluation of trains is conservative.

  19. Flexible and Safe Control of Mobile Surface Systems, Phase I

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The primary innovation of this work is a novel Petri net based approach for safe and flexible control of highly capable mobile surface systems, such as long-duration...

  20. Towards a new generation of mission planning systems: Flexibility and performance

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gasquet, A.; Parrod, Y.; Desaintvincent, A.

    1994-01-01

    This paper presents some new approaches which are required for a better adequacy of Mission Planning Systems. In particular, the performance flexibility and genericity issues are discussed based on experience acquired through various Mission Planning systems developed by Matra Marconi Space.

  1. Design methodology for flexible energy conversion systems accounting for dynamic performance

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pierobon, Leonardo; Casati, Emiliano; Casella, Francesco

    2014-01-01

    This article presents a methodology to help in the definition of the optimal design of power generation systems. The innovative element is the integration of requirements on dynamic performance into the system design procedure. Operational flexibility is an increasingly important specification...

  2. The synthesis of a D-glucosamine contrast agent, Gd-DTPA-DG, and its application in cancer molecular imaging with MRI

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Wei; Chen Yue; Guo Dajing; Huang Zhanwen; Cai Liang; He Ling

    2011-01-01

    Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the synthesis of Gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-deoxyglucosamine (Gd-DTPA-DG) which is a D-glucosamine metabolic MR imaging contrast agent. We will also discuss its use in a pilot MRI study using a xenograft mouse model of human adenocarcinoma. Methods: This novel contrast agent was specifically studied because of its ability to 'target' metabolically active tumor tissues. In this study Gd-DTPA-DG is used to investigate how tumor tissues would react to a dose of 0.2 mmol Gd/kg over a 120 min exposure in a xenograft mouse model. These experiments used athymic mice implanted with human pulmonary adenocarcinoma (A549) as demonstrated by dynamic MRI. Alternately, another contrast agent that is not specific for targeting, Gd-DTPA, was used as the control at a similar dose of gadolinium. Efficacy of the targeted contrast agent was assessed by measuring relaxation rate in vitro and signal intensity (SI) in vivo. Statistical differences were calculated using one-way analysis of variance. Results: The synthesized Gd-DTPA-DG was shown to improve the contrast of tumor tissue in this model. Gd-DTPA-DG was also shown to have a similar pharmacokinetic rate but generated a higher relaxation rate in tumor tissues relative to the control contrast Gd-DTPA. In comparison to the pre-contrast imaging, the SI of tumor tissue in the experimental group was shown to be significantly increased at 15 min after injection of Gd-DTPA-DG (p < 0.001). The enhanced signal intensity spread from the edge of the tumor to the center and seemed to strengthen the idea that MRI performance would be useful in different tumor tissues. Conclusion: This preliminary study shows that this new chelated contrast agent, Gd-DTPA-DG, can be specifically targeted to accumulation in tumor tissue as compared to normal tissues. This targeted paramagnetic contrast agent has potential for specific cancer molecular imaging with MRI.

  3. Action-reaction based parameters identification and states estimation of flexible systems

    OpenAIRE

    Khalil, Islam; Kunt, Emrah Deniz; Şabanoviç, Asif; Sabanovic, Asif

    2012-01-01

    This work attempts to identify and estimate flexible system's parameters and states by a simple utilization of the Action-Reaction law of dynamical systems. Attached actuator to a dynamical system or environmental interaction imposes an action that is instantaneously followed by a dynamical system reaction. The dynamical system's reaction carries full information about the dynamical system including system parameters, dynamics and externally applied forces that arise due to system interaction...

  4. The Impact of a Flexible Assessment System on Students' Motivation, Performance and Attitude

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pacharn, Parunchana; Bay, Darlene; Felton, Sandra

    2013-01-01

    We examine a flexible assessment system that allows students to determine the weights allocated to each course component and to re-allocate the weights in response to achieved scores. The flexibility is intended to encourage students' participation in the learning process, thereby promoting self-regulated learning skills. We compare this…

  5. Absolute quantification of regional cerebral glucose utilization in mice by 18F-FDG small animal PET scanning and 2-14C-DG autoradiography.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Toyama, Hiroshi; Ichise, Masanori; Liow, Jeih-San; Modell, Kendra J; Vines, Douglass C; Esaki, Takanori; Cook, Michelle; Seidel, Jurgen; Sokoloff, Louis; Green, Michael V; Innis, Robert B

    2004-08-01

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of absolute quantification of regional cerebral glucose utilization (rCMR(glc)) in mice by use of (18)F-FDG and a small animal PET scanner. rCMR(glc) determined with (18)F-FDG PET was compared with values determined simultaneously by the autoradiographic 2-(14)C-DG method. In addition, we compared the rCMR(glc) values under isoflurane, ketamine and xylazine anesthesia, and awake states. Immediately after injection of (18)F-FDG and 2-(14)C-DG into mice, timed arterial samples were drawn over 45 min to determine the time courses of (18)F-FDG and 2-(14)C-DG. Animals were euthanized at 45 min and their brain was imaged with the PET scanner. The brains were then processed for 2-(14)C-DG autoradiography. Regions of interest were manually placed over cortical regions on corresponding coronal (18)F-FDG PET and 2-(14)C-DG autoradiographic images. rCMR(glc) values were calculated for both tracers by the autoradiographic 2-(14)C-DG method with modifications for the different rate and lumped constants for the 2 tracers. Average rCMR(glc) values in cerebral cortex with (18)F-FDG PET under normoglycemic conditions (isoflurane and awake) were generally lower (by 8.3%) but strongly correlated with those of 2-(14)C-DG (r(2) = 0.95). On the other hand, under hyperglycemic conditions (ketamine/xylazine) average cortical rCMR(glc) values with (18)F-FDG PET were higher (by 17.3%) than those with 2-(14)C-DG. Values for rCMR(glc) and uptake (percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g]) with (18)F-FDG PET were significantly lower under both isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine anesthesia than in the awake mice. However, the reductions of rCMR(glc) were markedly greater under isoflurane (by 57%) than under ketamine and xylazine (by 19%), whereas more marked reductions of %ID/g were observed with ketamine/xylazine (by 54%) than with isoflurane (by 37%). These reverse differences between isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine may be due to

  6. Flexible Metal Oxide/Graphene Oxide Hybrid Neuromorphic Devices on Flexible Conducting Graphene Substrates

    OpenAIRE

    Wan, Chang Jin; Wang, Wei; Zhu, Li Qiang; Liu, Yang Hui; Feng, Ping; Liu, Zhao Ping; Shi, Yi; Wan, Qing

    2016-01-01

    Flexible metal oxide/graphene oxide hybrid multi-gate neuron transistors were fabricated on flexible graphene substrates. Dendritic integrations in both spatial and temporal modes were successfully emulated, and spatiotemporal correlated logics were obtained. A proof-of-principle visual system model for emulating lobula giant motion detector neuron was investigated. Our results are of great interest for flexible neuromorphic cognitive systems.

  7. Value of flexibility in systems with large wind penetration

    OpenAIRE

    Silva , Vera

    2010-01-01

    The focus of this thesis is the quantification of the value of operation flexibility in systems with large penetration of wind generation. This begins with the quantification of the impact of wind generation (WG) uncertainty on the system's needs for frequency regulation and reserve. This is done by combing the stochastic behaviour of wind generation, demand uncertainty and generation outages. Two different approaches are compared to access the implications of using normal distribution approx...

  8. Quantifying demand flexibility of power-to-heat and thermal energy storage in the control of building heating systems

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Finck, C.J.; Li, R.; Kramer, R.P.; Zeiler, W.

    2018-01-01

    In the future due to continued integration of renewable energy sources, demand-side flexibility would be required for managing power grids. Building energy systems will serve as one possible source of energy flexibility. The degree of flexibility provided by building energy systems is highly

  9. Designing a collection layout for DG-CO collections

    CERN Document Server

    Pantic, Radoslav

    2014-01-01

    While CDS is in use for years and contains a very large number of interesting resources (documents, papers, articles, presentations, videos, images, photos, audio files etc), practical and daily use of it has shown some limitations. First of all, the extremely large amount of available resources does not make easy the possibility to focus only on certain specific pre-selected documents. Second, the search capabilities of CDS, while very extended, do not always meet client-specific needs and are not always easy to use by unexperienced external visitors. This document describes an ideal tool to be used by DG-CO (but also potentially other services) to overcome the 2 limitations described above.

  10. Market optimization of a cluster of DG-RES, micro-CHP, heat pumps and energy storage within network constraints: The Power Matching City field test

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bliek, F.W.; Van den Noort, A. [KEMA, Arnhem (Netherlands); Roossien, B.; Kamphuis, I.G. [ECN Efficiency and Infrastructure, Petten (Netherlands); De Wit, J.; Van de Velde, J. [HumiQ, Barendrecht (Netherlands); Eijgelaar, M. [Essent, Arnhem (Netherlands)

    2010-10-15

    The share of renewable energy resources for electricity production, in a distributed setting (DG-RES), increases. The amount of energy transported via the electricity grid by substitution of fossil fuels for mobility applications (electric vehicles) and domestic heating (heat pumps) increases as well. Apart from the volume of electricity also the simultaneity factor increases at all grid levels. This poses unprecedented challenges to capacity management of the electricity infrastructure. A solution for tackling this challenge is using more active distribution networks, intelligent coordination of supply and demand using ICT and using the gas distribution network to mitigate electricity distribution bottlenecks. In the EU FP6 Energy Program Integral project, a large scale heterogeneous field test has been designed for application of the software agent based PowerMatcher technology. The test is conducted in a suburb of Groningen, Hoogkerk, and entails approximately 30 homes with either a 'dual fuel' heating system (electrical heat pump with gas-fired peak-burners) or a micro-CHP. Homes also may have PV. Furthermore, a wind production facility and nodes with electricity chargers for EVs and electricity storage are part of the Virtual Power Plant cluster, constructed in this way. Domestic heating systems have intrinsic operational flexibility in comfort management through the thermal mass of the dwellings. Furthermore, the field test comfort systems are equipped with possibilities for hot water storage for central heating as well as for tap-water. Finally, having additional gas-fired heating capacity for electrical heat pumps adds to increasing flexibility by switching the energy source dependent on the status of the electricity grid. Purpose of the field test is using this flexibility to react to phenomena in the electricity system. From a commercial perspective, the aggregated cluster reacts on small-time scale events like real-time portfolio imbalance

  11. THE FLEXIBILITY-AUTOMATION CORRESPONDENCE TO A VIRTUAL COMMERCIAL SOCIETY

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliana Doble

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Design and operation of FMS is based on system requirement can be as productive and flexible as necessary, i.e. obtaining controlled correspondence between the degree of flexibility and automation of system.The flexibility of a FMS (Flexible Manufacturing Systems is determined by two important criteria: Flexible hardware structure of the system; Flexible software structure. Flexible hardware structure of the CS system (calculation system is determined to its turn according to three components: Flexibility of technological subsystem; Flexibility subsystem of storage, transport and handling;Flexibility of informational subsystem.

  12. Self-organization principles result in robust control of flexible manufacturing systems

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nature shows us in our daily life how robust, flexible and optimal self-organized modular constructions work in complex physical, chemical and biological systems, which successfully adapt to new and unexpected situations. A promising strategy is therefore to use such self-organization and pattern...... problems with several autonomous robots and several targets are considered as model of flexible manufacturing systems. Each manufacturing target has to be served in a given time interval by one and only one robot and the total working costs have to be minimized (or total winnings maximized). A specifically...... constructed dynamical system approach (coupled selection equations) is used which is based on pattern formation principles and results in fault resistant and robust behaviour. An important feature is that this type of control also guarantees feasiblitiy of the assignment solutions. In previous work...

  13. Power System Integration of Flexible Demand in the Low Voltage Network

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Thavlov, Anders

    , it is natural to consider electricity consumption from households as an integrated part of a potential flexible demand side in the future power system. However, as an individual unit a single household is not able to generate a large impact in the power system. Therefore, a mechanism is needed which can...... is even greater as almost 50% of the electricity consumption in households is utilised for space heating and cooling and for heating of domestic hot water. Consequently, there exists a significant potential in the integration of power consumption for heating purposes in households for demand response...... of electricity on the Nordic energy exchange, Nord Pool, or alternatively the flexibility can be sold as an ancillary service to the transmission system operator. In this way, the electricity consumption in households are indirectly integrated into the power market, through the virtual power plant...

  14. BERMUDA-1DG: a one-dimensional photon transport code

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suzuki, Tomoo; Hasegawa, Akira; Nakashima, Hiroshi; Kaneko, Kunio.

    1984-10-01

    A one-dimensional photon transport code BERMUDA-1DG has been developed for spherical and infinite slab geometries. The purpose of development is to equip the function of gamma rays calculation for the BERMUDA code system, which was developed by 1983 only for neutron transport calculation as a preliminary version. A group constants library has been prepared for 30 nuclides, and it now consists of the 36-group total cross sections and secondary gamma ray yields by the 120-group neutron flux. For the Compton scattering, group-angle transfer matrices are accurately obtained by integrating the Klein-Nishina formula taking into account the energy and scattering angle correlation. The pair production cross sections are now calculated in the code from atomic number and midenergy of each group. To obtain angular flux distribution, the transport equation is solved in the same way as in case of neutron, using the direct integration method in a multigroup model. Both of an independent gamma ray source problem and a neutron-gamma source problem are possible to be solved. This report is written as a user's manual with a brief description of the calculational method. (author)

  15. Better Policies Accelerate Clean Energy Transition. Policy brief - Focus on energy system flexibility

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Karimi, Farid; Lund, Peter; Skytte, Klaus

    2018-01-01

    The use of variable renewable energy sources will increase in the Nordic and Baltic countries in the future. This will call for increased flexibility in the electricity market to ensure both high energy security and efficient use of renewable power in all circumstances. The barriers and hence also...... policies to energy system flexibility are numerous. In this brief, we focus on policy recommendations for two important barriers to flexibility in the Nordic electricity market, namely insufficient market signals to some stakeholders, and uneven market frameworks for different renewable energy resources...

  16. Reliability Evaluation of Distribution System Considering Sequential Characteristics of Distributed Generation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sheng Wanxing

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available In allusion to the randomness of output power of distributed generation (DG, a reliability evaluation model based on sequential Monte Carlo simulation (SMCS for distribution system with DG is proposed. Operating states of the distribution system can be sampled by SMCS in chronological order thus the corresponding output power of DG can be generated. The proposed method has been tested on feeder F4 of IEEE-RBTS Bus 6. The results show that reliability evaluation of distribution system considering the uncertainty of output power of DG can be effectively implemented by SMCS.

  17. Glass fibre sensors for medical applications - fibre-optical dosimeter system. Cooperation project 1991-1994. Final report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1996-01-01

    The final report summarizes the results of a cooperation project on the applications of fibre-optical sensors in medical technology. The FADOS dosimeter system is presented which comprises an implantable glass fibre dosimeter. It can be applied in radiotherapy for online dose metering directly at the tumour or in the surrounding healthy tissue. The dosimeter is placed in a tissue-compatible flexible catheter tube and remains inside the body during the radiotherapy treatiment. The measuring principle is based on the effect of radiation-induced damping inside a glass fibre. (DG) [de

  18. Active vibration control of spatial flexible multibody systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Neto, Maria Augusta; Ambrósio, Jorge A. C.; Roseiro, Luis M.; Amaro, A.; Vasques, C. M. A.

    2013-01-01

    In this work a flexible multibody dynamics formulation of complex models including elastic components made of composite materials is extended to include piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The only limitation for the deformation of a structural member is that they must remain elastic and linear when described in a coordinate frame fixed to a material point or region of its domain. The flexible finite-element model of each flexible body is obtained referring the flexible body nodal coordinates to the body fixed frame and using a diagonalized mass description of the inertia in the mass matrix and on the gyroscopic force vector. The modal superposition technique is used to reduce the number of generalized coordinates to a reasonable dimension for complex shaped structural models of flexible bodies. The active vibration control of the flexible multibody components is implemented using an asymmetric collocated piezoelectric sensor/actuator pair. An electromechanically coupled model is taken into account to properly consider the surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers and their effects on the time and spatial response of the flexible multibody components. The electromechanical effects are introduced in the flexible multibody equations of motion by the use of beam and plate/shell elements, developed to this purpose. A comparative study between the classical control strategies, constant gain and amplitude velocity feedback, and optimal control strategy, linear quadratic regulator (LQR), is performed in order to investigate their effectiveness to suppress vibrations in structures with piezoelectric sensing and actuating patches.

  19. Active vibration control of spatial flexible multibody systems

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Neto, Maria Augusta, E-mail: augusta.neto@dem.uc.pt [Universidade de Coimbra (Polo II), Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Faculdade de Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal); Ambrosio, Jorge A. C., E-mail: jorge@dem.ist.utl.pt [Instituto Superior Tecnico, Instituto de Engenharia Mecanica (Portugal); Roseiro, Luis M., E-mail: lroseiro@isec.pt [Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra, Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica (Portugal); Amaro, A., E-mail: ana.amaro@dem.uc.pt [Universidade de Coimbra (Polo II), Departamento de Engenharia Mecanica, Faculdade de Ciencia e Tecnologia (Portugal); Vasques, C. M. A., E-mail: cvasques@inegi.up.pt [Universidade do Porto, INEGI-Instituto de Engenharia Mecanica e Gestao Industrial (Portugal)

    2013-06-15

    In this work a flexible multibody dynamics formulation of complex models including elastic components made of composite materials is extended to include piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The only limitation for the deformation of a structural member is that they must remain elastic and linear when described in a coordinate frame fixed to a material point or region of its domain. The flexible finite-element model of each flexible body is obtained referring the flexible body nodal coordinates to the body fixed frame and using a diagonalized mass description of the inertia in the mass matrix and on the gyroscopic force vector. The modal superposition technique is used to reduce the number of generalized coordinates to a reasonable dimension for complex shaped structural models of flexible bodies. The active vibration control of the flexible multibody components is implemented using an asymmetric collocated piezoelectric sensor/actuator pair. An electromechanically coupled model is taken into account to properly consider the surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers and their effects on the time and spatial response of the flexible multibody components. The electromechanical effects are introduced in the flexible multibody equations of motion by the use of beam and plate/shell elements, developed to this purpose. A comparative study between the classical control strategies, constant gain and amplitude velocity feedback, and optimal control strategy, linear quadratic regulator (LQR), is performed in order to investigate their effectiveness to suppress vibrations in structures with piezoelectric sensing and actuating patches.

  20. Monitoring system of depressurization valves of migrated gas in annular space of flexible risers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Mesquita, Luiz A.; Santos, Joilson M.; Carvalho, Antonio L.; Loureiro, Patricia [PETROBRAS S.A., Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

    2005-07-01

    PETROBRAS Research and Development Center - CENPES developed an automatic system for monitoring pressure of annular space due to permeation of gas in flexible risers to inspect continuously integrity of such lines. To help maintaining physical integrity of flexible risers, two PSV's are installed to end fittings on top of riser, so that operation of any valve grants the maximum admissible gas pressure within the riser annular space, as overpressure might cause damages to external polymeric layer of flexible riser. Due to the fact that there is no mechanism allowing operation to verify correct PSV performance and frequency of valve's closings and openings, we felt to be necessary the development and implement an automatic instrumented system, integrated to platform's automation and control infrastructure. The objective of this instrumentation is to monitor and register pressure of annular space in flexible riser, as well as XV's depressurization frequency. Having such information registered and monitored, can infer some riser structural conditions, anticipating repairs and preventive maintenance. In this paper we present developed system details including instruments required, application, operation of associated screens that are used in the ECOS, with events, alarms and industrial automation services required (Application development and system integration). (author)

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