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Sample records for family geno typing

  1. GenoType HelicoDR test in the determination of antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Korea.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Jung Won; Kim, Nayoung; Nam, Ryoung Hee; Park, Ji Hyun; Choi, Yoon Jin; Kim, Jung Mogg; Kim, Joo Sung; Jung, Hyun Chae

    2014-09-01

    Antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori is most important factor in eradication success. GenoType HelicoDR test has been developed for rapid detection of antimicrobial resistance. The present study evaluated the clinical usefulness of GenoType HelicoDR test in Korea. To detect 23S rRNA for clarithromycin resistance and gyrA mutations for fluoroquinolone resistance, both DNA sequencing after minimal inhibitory test (MIC) and GenoType HelicoDR test were performed in H. pylori isolates from the gastric mucosa of 101 patients. The eradication results of clarithromycin and moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy were evaluated by the 23S rRNA and gyrA mutations. For 42 isolates with A2143G mutation by GenoType HelicoDR, 83.3% (35/42) of concordance rate was estimated with DNA sequencing method and 85.7% (36/42) for MIC test. For 43 isolates with N87K mutation by GenoType HelicoDR, 71.1% (31/43) of concordance rate was estimated with DNA sequencing and 88.4% (38/43) for MIC test. The sensitivity and specificity of GenoType HelicoDR test in determination of 23S rRNA mutation were 94.9% and 87.1%, and those of gyrA 98.2% and 80.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of GenoType HelicoDR test in determination of clarithromycin resistance based on MIC test were 55.0% and 80.0%, for fluoroquinolone 74.4% and 70.0%. GenoType HelicoDR test is useful to determine mutations responsible for clarithromycin or fluoroquinolone-containing eradication failure but has a limitation for the clinical applicability in determination of resistance.

  2. Rapid Screening of MDR-TB in Cases of Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Geno Type MTBDRplus.

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    Richa Kumari

    Full Text Available Drug resistance in tuberculosis is a major public health challenge in developing countries. The limited data available on drug resistance in extra pulmonary tuberculosis stimulated us to design our study on anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern in cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary referral hospital of North India. We performed Geno Type MTBDRplus assay in comparison with conventional drug susceptibility testing by proportion method to study the mutation patterns in rpoB, katG and inhA genes.A total of 510 extra pulmonary samples were included in this study. After the smear microscopy, all the specimens were subjected for culture on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ media. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST was performed on LJ media for all the MTB isolates and compared with the results of Geno Type MTBDRplus assay which was performed with the DNA isolated from the culture by conventional method.Of 510 specimens cultured, the total culture positivity obtained was 11.8% (60 encompassing 54 (10.6% Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 6 (1.2% non-tubercular mycobacteria (NTM. DST results by Geno Type MTBDRplus assay and solid culture methods were compared in 51 MTB isolates excluding the two Rif indeterminate and one invalid test. Geno Type MTBDRplus accurately identified 13 of 14 rifampicin-resistant strains, 14 of 15 isoniazid-resistant strains and 13 of 14 as multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB in comparison with conventional method. Sensitivity and specificity were 92.86% and 97.30% respectively for detection of RIF resistance, 93.33% and 94.44% respectively for detection of INH resistance, 92.86% and 97.30% respectively for detection of MDR-TB, while the overall concordance of Geno Type MTBDRplus assay with conventional DST was 94.11%. The turn-around time for performing Geno Type MTBDRplus assay test was 48 hours.The problem of MDR in extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB cannot be overlooked and due attention on patients

  3. Evaluation of GenoType NTM-DR Assay for Identification of Mycobacterium chimaera.

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    Mok, Simone; Rogers, Thomas R; Fitzgibbon, Margaret

    2017-06-01

    Identification of species within the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is difficult, and most current diagnostic laboratory tests cannot distinguish between species included in the complex. Differentiation of species within the MAC is important, as Mycobacterium chimaera has recently emerged as a major cause of invasive cardiovascular infections following open heart surgery. A new commercial diagnostic assay, GenoType NTM-DR ver. 1.0, is intended to differentiate between three species within the MAC, namely, Mycobacterium avium , Mycobacterium intracellulare , and Mycobacterium chimaera In this study, we investigated an archival collection of 173 MAC isolates using 16S rRNA and 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequencing, and GenoType NTM-DR was evaluated for identifying M. chimaera and other species belonging to the MAC. Species identification of 157/173 (91%) isolates with the GenoType NTM-DR assay was in agreement with 16S rRNA and 16S-23S ITS gene sequencing results. Misidentification occurred with 16 isolates which belonged to four species included in the MAC that are rarely encountered in clinical specimens. Despite some limitations of this assay, GenoType NTM-DR had 100% specificity for identifying M. chimaera This novel assay will enable diagnostic laboratories to differentiate species belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex and to accurately identify M. chimaera It can produce rapid results and is also more cost efficient than gene sequencing methods. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

  4. Famiglia e geno-poiesi nel Nazionalsocialismo - Family and genos-poiesis in National Socialism

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    Alberto Castaldini

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available The Nazi regime (1933-45 wanted to protect and promote through the creation of a new family structure the conservation of the biological heredity of the German nation, in order to preserve and refine obsessively the identity and the purity of the so-called Blutsgemeinschaft, the “community of blood” in which to identify the political and the cultural entity of the Volk, one of the pillars of Hitler’s biocracy. In the first half of the 20th century the value of memory, the nature of the family and the meaning of the relationship between the generations were manipulated and debased. This view, with its tragic ethical and juridical consequences, was scientifically warranted by German academic world, whose leading exponents took controversial positions. For instance the human biologist and eugenicist Otmar von Verschuer (1896-1969 theorized a biological unity between present and past, stating that the “German people is a large community of ancestors, namely a consanguineous solidarity”. In this way the Nazis deeply redefined the bonds of kinship and the genos assumed the nature of a “fictitious symbol” (C. Tullio-Altan in the service of a regime that in the name of an imaginary ancestral vitalism pursued a systematic policy of death.

  5. Evaluation of the BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST Kit and the GenoType MTBDRsl Test for Detecting Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Cases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tekin, Kemal; Albay, Ali; Simsek, Hulya; Sig, Ali Korhan; Guney, Mustafa

    2017-10-01

    The present study aimed to evaluate the performances of the BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST kit and the GenoType MTBDRsl test for detecting second-line antituberculosis drug resistance in Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases. Forty-six MDR-TB strains were studied. Second-line antituberculosis drug resistances were detected using the BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST kit and the GenoType MTBDRsl test. The Middlebrook 7H10 agar proportion method was used as the reference test. The sensitivity and specificity values for the BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST kit were both 100% for amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin (4 µg/mL), and ofloxacin; 100% and 95.3%, respectively, for capreomycin (10 µg/mL); and 85.7% and 100%, respectively, for moxifloxacin (0.5 µg/mL). The sensitivity and specificity values for the GenoType MTBDRsl test to detect fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside/cyclic peptide resistance were 88.9% and 100%, respectively, for ofloxacin and 85.7% and 94.9%, respectively, for moxifloxacin (0.5 µg/mL). The accuracy of the GenoType MTBDRsl assay for kanamycin, capreomycin, ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin was lower than that of the BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST. The BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST kit and the GenoType MTBDRsl were successful in detecting second-line antituberculosis drug resistance. Preliminary results of the GenoType MTBDRsl are very valuable for early treatment decisions, but we still recommend additional BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST kit usage in the routine evaluation of drug-resistant tuberculosis.

  6. Evaluation of the BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST Kit and the GenoType MTBDRsl Test for Detecting Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Cases

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tekin, Kemal; Albay, Ali; Simsek, Hulya; Sig, Ali Korhan; Guney, Mustafa

    2017-01-01

    Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the performances of the BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST kit and the GenoType MTBDRsl test for detecting second-line antituberculosis drug resistance in Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) cases. Materials and Methods: Forty-six MDR-TB strains were studied. Second-line antituberculosis drug resistances were detected using the BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST kit and the GenoType MTBDRsl test. The Middlebrook 7H10 agar proportion method was used as the reference test. Results: The sensitivity and specificity values for the BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST kit were both 100% for amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin (4 µg/mL), and ofloxacin; 100% and 95.3%, respectively, for capreomycin (10 µg/mL); and 85.7% and 100%, respectively, for moxifloxacin (0.5 µg/mL). The sensitivity and specificity values for the GenoType MTBDRsl test to detect fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside/cyclic peptide resistance were 88.9% and 100%, respectively, for ofloxacin and 85.7% and 94.9%, respectively, for moxifloxacin (0.5 µg/mL). The accuracy of the GenoType MTBDRsl assay for kanamycin, capreomycin, ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin was lower than that of the BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST. Conclusion: The BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST kit and the GenoType MTBDRsl were successful in detecting second-line antituberculosis drug resistance. Preliminary results of the GenoType MTBDRsl are very valuable for early treatment decisions, but we still recommend additional BACTEC MGIT 960 SL DST kit usage in the routine evaluation of drug-resistant tuberculosis. PMID:29123441

  7. Evaluation of GenoType® MTBDRplus assay for rapid detection of drug susceptibility testing of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis in Northern India

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    Anand Kumar Maurya

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: The problem of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB is growing in several hotspots throughout the world. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of MDR-TB is crucial to facilitate early treatment and to reduce its spread in the community. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the new, novel GenoType® MTBDRplus assay for rapid detection of drug susceptibility testing (DST of MDR-TB cases in Northern India. Materials and Methods: A total of 550 specimens were collected from highly suspected drug resistant from pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB cases. All the specimens were processed by Ziehl- Neelsen staining, culture, differentiation by the GenoType® CM assay, first line DST using BacT/ALERT 3D system and GenoType® MTBDRplus assay. The concordance of the GenoType® MTBDRplus assay was calculated in comparison with conventional DST results. Results: Overall the sensitivity for detection of rifampicin, isoniazid and MDR-TB resistance by GenoType® MTBDRplus assay was 98.0%, 98.4% and 98.2% respectively. Out of 55 MDR-TB strains, 45 (81.8%, 52 (94.5% and 17 (30.9% strains showed mutation in rpoB, katG and inhA genes respectively (P < 0.05. The most prominent mutations in rpoB, katG and inhA genes were; 37 (67.3% in S531L, 52 (94.5% in S315T1 and 11 (20% in C15T regions respectively (P < 0.05. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a high concordance between the GenoType® MTBDRplus assay resistance patterns and those were observed by conventional DST with good sensitivity, specificity with short turnaround times and to control new cases of MDR-TB in countries with a high prevalence of MDR-TB.

  8. Use of GenoType® MTBDRplus assay to assess drug resistance and mutation patterns of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis isolates in northern India

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    A K Maurya

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Purpose: The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB is a major public health problem. The diagnosis of MDR-TB is of paramount importance in establishing appropriate clinical management and infection control measures. The aim of this study was to evaluate drug resistance and mutational patterns in clinical isolates MDR-TB by GenoType® MTBDRplus assay. Material and Methods: A total of 350 non-repeated sputum specimens were collected from highly suspected drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB cases; which were processed by microscopy, culture, differentiation and first line drug susceptibility testing (DST using BacT/ALERT 3D system. Results: Among a total of 125 mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC strains, readable results were obtained from 120 (96% strains by GenoType® MTBDRplus assay. Only 45 MDR-TB isolates were analysed for the performance, frequency and mutational patterns by GenoType® MTBDRplus assay. The sensitivity of the GenoType® MDRTBplus assay for detecting individual resistance to rifampicin (RIF, isoniazid (INH and multidrug resistance was found to be 95.8%, 96.3% and 97.7%, respectively. Mutation in codon S531L of the rpoB gene and codon S315T1 of katG genes were dominated in MDR-TB strains, respectively (P < 0.05. Conclusions: The GenoType® MTBDRplus assay is highly sensitive with short turnaround times and a rapid test for the detection of the most common mutations conferring resistance in MDR-TB strains that can readily be included in a routine laboratory workflow.

  9. Rapid detection of drug resistance and mutational patterns of extensively drug-resistant strains by a novel GenoType® MTBDRsl assay

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    A K Singh

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: The emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB is a major concern in the India. The burden of XDR-TB is increasing due to inadequate monitoring, lack of proper diagnosis, and treatment. The GenoType ® Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance second line (MTBDRsl assay is a novel line probe assay used for the rapid detection of mutational patterns conferring resistance to XDR-TB. Aim: The aim of this study was to study the rapid detection of drug resistance and mutational patterns of the XDR-TB by a novel GenoType ® MTBDRsl assay. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 98 multidrug-resistant (MDR M. tuberculosis isolates for second line drugs susceptibility testing by 1% proportion method (BacT/ALERT 3D system and GenoType ® MTBDRsl assay for rapid detection of conferring drug resistance to XDR-TB. Results: A total of seven (17.4% were identified as XDR-TB by using standard phenotypic method. The concordance between phenotypic and GenoType ® MTBDRsl assay was 91.7-100% for different antibiotics. The sensitivity and specificity of the MTBDRsl assay were 100% and 100% for aminoglycosides; 100% and 100% for fluoroquinolones; 91.7% and 100% for ethambutol. The most frequent mutations and patterns were gyrA MUT1 (A90V in seven (41.2% and gyrA + WT1-3 + MUT1 in four (23.5%; rrs MUT1 (A1401G in 11 (64.7%, and rrs WT1-2 + MUT1 in eight (47.1%; and embB MUT1B (M306V in 11 (64.7% strains. Conclusions: These data suggest that the GenoType ® MTBDRsl assay is rapid, novel test for detection of resistance to second line anti-tubercular drugs. This assay provides additional information about the frequency and mutational patterns responsible for XDR-TB resistance.

  10. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis in a Saudi Arabian family geno typing and long-term follow-up

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Price Evans, David A.; Mobrad, M.A.; Salah, Kawther A.; Olin, M.; Eggertsen, G.; Mitchell, William D.

    2007-01-01

    A Saudi Arabian family is described in which there 2siblings with typical features of cerebral xanthomatosis (CTX) including premature cataracts, xanthomata of the Achilles tendons, neuro-psychiatric disturbances and atherosclerosis. The two patients were homozygous for a point mutation in the mitochondrial 27-hydroxylase gene (CYP27A1, OMIM 606530) located in the splice site of intron 6, where G exchanged for A (IVS6+1G>A). There parents were cousins, 5 siblings were healthy, 2 were heterozyguous for the mutation and one showed the wild-type genotype. The father was heterozyguous for the mutation, while the other family members were not tested. The progress of 2 CTX patients over 14 years is described; firstly when they were receiving treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid; when this medication was not available and then later when it was restored. A hereditary hyperlipidemia was also present in this family. It is suggested that when this occurs with CTX, a more seriuos illness results that merits more aggressive dual therapy. (author)

  11. Type Families with Class, Type Classes with Family

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Serrano, Alejandro; Hage, Jurriaan; Bahr, Patrick

    2015-01-01

    Type classes and type families are key ingredients in Haskell programming. Type classes were introduced to deal with ad-hoc polymorphism, although with the introduction of functional dependencies, their use expanded to type-level programming. Type families also allow encoding type-level functions......, now as rewrite rules. This paper looks at the interplay of type classes and type families, and how to deal with shortcomings in both of them. Furthermore, we show how to use families to simulate classes at the type level. However, type families alone are not enough for simulating a central feature...... of type classes: elaboration, that is, generating code from the derivation of a rewriting. We look at ways to solve this problem in current Haskell, and propose an extension to allow elaboration during the rewriting phase....

  12. [Description of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations conferring resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid detected by GenoType® MTBDRplus V.2 in Colombia].

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    Llerena, Claudia; Medina, Raquel

    2017-01-24

    The GenoType®MTBDRplusV.2 assay is a molecular technique endorsed by the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization that allows for the identification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the detection of mutations in the rpoβ gene for rifampicin resistance, and katG and inhA genes for isoniazid resistance. Due to the genetic variability in the circulating strains around the world, the national tuberculosis control programs should assess the performance of these new diagnostic technologies and their use under program conditions as rapid tests. To describe the mutations identified by the GenoType®MTBDRplusV.2 assay in pulmonary samples and Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in the Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia of the Instituto Nacional de Salud in 2014. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive study to detect the expression of inhA, KatG and rpoβ genes, responsible for resistence against isoniazid and rifampicin using the GenoType® MTBDRplus V.2 assay in 837 samples and isolates from tuberculosis cases. Several mutations in the rpoβ gene were identified. Ser531Leu was the most frequent (36.6%) followed by Asp516Val (21.6%), while Ser315Thr1 was the most frequent mutation in the katG gene (91.9%). We were able to identify different mutations present in MDR-TB strains in the country, with frequencies similar to those reported in other countries in the South American region.

  13. de oxígeno

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    Ana María Torres López

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available La transferencia de oxígeno es un parámetro importante en los procesos de fermentación aerobios. Conocer el consumo de oxígeno real del organismo de interés, permite determinar los requerimientos energéticos y de proceso en aireación y agitación. En este trabajo se presenta un tratamiento matemático y metodológico para la determinación de la velocidad específica de consumo de oxígeno (QO2 considerando el tiempo de respuesta del electrodo de oxígeno. Dicha metodología se aplicó en la determinación del QO2 del hongo medicinal Ganoderma lucidum, durante su cultivo en un reactor de tanque agitado a escala de laboratorio. Se obtuvo un valor promedio de QO2 de 0,345 mmol O2 (g biomasa.h-1± 0,0171 sin incluir el tiempo de respuesta del electrodo y de 0,383 mmol O2(g biomasa.h-1± 0,025 al incluir dicho parámetro. A mayor tiempo de respuesta del electrodo de oxígeno, mayor será la diferencia entre los valores de QO2.

  14. Helicobacter pylori from Peptic Ulcer Patients in Uganda Is Highly Resistant to Clarithromycin and Fluoroquinolones: Results of the GenoType HelicoDR Test Directly Applied on Stool

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    Denish Calmax Angol

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Background. Around 70–90% of peptic ulcer disease (PUD is due to Helicobacter pylori and requires treatment with antimicrobials to which these bacteria are susceptible. Common H. pylori diagnostic tests do not provide drug susceptibility data. Using the GenoType HelicoDR PCR test designed for gastric biopsies for simultaneous detection of H. pylori and its resistance to clarithromycin (CLA/fluoroquinolones (FLQ, we present evidence for stool as an optional test specimen and also provide data on prevalence of H. pylori resistance to CLA and FLQ in Uganda. Methods. Stool from 142 symptomatic PUD patients at three hospitals in Kampala was screened for H. pylori using a rapid antigen test. The GenoType HelicoDR test was run on all H. pylori antigen positives to determine PCR positivity and resistance to CLA/FLQ. Results. Thirty-one samples (22% were H. pylori antigen positive, and 21 (68% of these were H. pylori PCR positive. Six of the 21 (29% were resistant to CLA and eight to FLQ (42%, while two gave invalid FLQ resistance results. Conclusion. Stool is a possible specimen for the GenoType HelicoDR test for rapid detection of H. pylori and drug resistance. In Uganda, Helicobacter pylori is highly resistant to CLA and FLQ.

  15. A pilot evaluation of external quality assessment of GenoType MTBDRplus versions 1 and 2 using dried culture spot material.

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    Gous, N; Isherwood, L E; David, A; Stevens, W; Scott, L E

    2015-04-01

    Dried culture spots (DCS) of inactivated Mycobacteria strains designed as part of an external quality assessment (EQA) program for the GeneXpert system has applications to other molecular tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic platforms. DCS tested on the GenoType MTBDRplus and Mycobacterium CM assays performed well with MTBDRplus version 2 but require increased bacterial concentration for use with version 1. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

  16. Evaluation of a New Test, GenoType HelicoDR, for Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in Helicobacter pylori▿

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cambau, Emmanuelle; Allerheiligen, Vera; Coulon, Céline; Corbel, Céline; Lascols, Christine; Deforges, Lionel; Soussy, Claude-James; Delchier, Jean-Charles; Megraud, Francis

    2009-01-01

    The eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori by standard therapy is decreasing due to antibiotic resistance, mainly to clarithromycin. Our aim was to provide a new molecular test to guide the treatment of new and relapsed cases. We first studied 126 H. pylori strains for phenotypic (MIC) and genotypic resistance to clarithromycin (rrl mutation) and levofloxacin (gyrA mutation) and then developed a DNA strip genotyping test on the basis of the correlation results and literature data. Clinical strains (n = 92) and gastric biopsy specimens containing H. pylori (n = 105) were tested blindly with the new molecular test GenoType HelicoDR. The presence of mutations or the absence of hybridization with wild-type sequences was predictive, in rrl for clarithromycin resistance in 91 cases (mostly the A2147G mutation) and in gyrA for levofloxacin resistance in 58 cases (mutations at codon 87 or 91). Genotyping revealed a mix of genotypes in 33% of the cases, reflecting a coinfection or selection for resistant mutants. The sensitivity and specificity of detecting resistance were 94% and 99% for clarithromycin and 87% and 98.5% for levofloxacin, respectively. The concordance scores were 0.96 for clarithromycin and 0.94 for levofloxacin. With global resistance rates of 46% for clarithromycin and 25% for levofloxacin, which were observed for consecutive positive biopsy specimens from 2007 and 2008, the positive and negative predictive values for detecting resistance were 99% and 94% for clarithromycin and 96% and 96% for fluoroquinolone. GenoType HelicoDR is efficient at detecting mutations predictive of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori when applied to strains or directly to gastric biopsy specimens. PMID:19759218

  17. Xenoestrógenos: función y efectos

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    Alejandro Canales A.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Existen compuestos xenobióticos capaces de incrementar la síntesis de estrógenos mediante el acople al sitio activo del receptor a estrógenos o con la aplicación de una acción semejante a los estrógenos endógenos, por lo que son nombrados xenoestrógenos. Éstos se clasifican en el grupo de las xenohormonas, conformado por compuestos químicos sintéticos o naturales de plantas que pueden interferir con las funciones del sistema endocrino. La forma en la que actúan este tipo de compuestos es variada, mediante la unión al receptor a estrógenos, la elaboración de rutas de señales bioquímicas o bien por medio de mecanismos complejos independientes de la unión al receptor a estrógenos. Existen estudios que demuestran que el sistema endocrino de ciertos peces y especies silvestres ha sido alterado por compuestos químicos que contaminan su medio ambiente. El efecto ha sido puesto en evidencia en varias investigaciones llevadas a cabo, tanto en especies silvestres como en humanos. Incluso se le ha asociado con trastornos en el sistema reproductor y sistema endocrino, así como con una alta incidencia en el desarrollo de diferentes tipos de tumores malignos. Otro tipo de xenohormonas pueden ser benéficas, como las que se encuentran de manera natural en plantas y peces. El consenso generalizado entre investigadores expertos indica que existe la necesidad de estudios más precisos de toxicidad, carcinogenecidad y actividad hormonal, tanto hacia los productos químicos sintéticos ya existentes, como hacia los nuevos productos químicos, antes de que éstos sean comercializados

  18. First evaluation in Argentina of the GenoType® MTBDRplus assay for multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection from clinical isolates and specimens Primera evaluación en Argentina de GenoType® MTBDRplus para la detección de Mycobacterium tuberculosis multidrogo-resistente desde aislamientos y especímenes clínicos

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    Belén R Imperiale

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Tuberculosis (TB and multidrug and extensively drug-resistant (DR TB are important public health problems that are spreading worldwide. The aims of this study were to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the GenoType® MT BDRplus assay from smear-positive clinical specimens and isolates and to explore its possible application in routine work. Clinical samples were previously decontaminated using NaOH-N-acetyl-L-cystein or NaOH-ClNa hypertonic solution for Ziehl-Neelsen staining and cultures. The leftover sediments of smear-positive samples were stored at -20 ºC, 70 of which were selected to be included in this study according to their DR profile. Thirty DR Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were also assessed. Sequencing was used as gold standard to detect mutations conferring isoniazid (INH and rifampicin (RIF resistance. Valid results were obtained in 94.0 % of the samples and 85.5 % (53/62 of the INH-R samples were properly identified. Mutations in the katGS315T gene and inhA C-15T gene promoter region were present in 59.7 % (37/62 and 25.8% (16/62 of the INH-R samples, respectively. The system could also identify 97.7 % (41/42 of the RIF-R samples; the mutations found were rpoBS531L (66.7 %, 28/42, D516V (19.0 %, 8/42, H526Y and S531P/W (4.8 %, 2/42 each one, and S522L/Q (2.4 %, 1/42. A 98.8 % concordance between the GenoType assay and sequencing was obtained. GenoType® MT BDRplus has demonstrated to be easy to implement and to perform in clinical laboratories and useful for a rapid detection of DR M. tuberculosis from decontaminated sputa and clinical isolates. Therefore, this assay could be applied as a rapid tool to predict INH-R and/or RIF-R in DR risk cases.La tuberculosis (TBC, y la TBC multi y extensivamente drogo-resistentes (DR son importantes problemas de salud pública mundial. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la sensibilidad y especificidad del sistema GenoType® MT BDRplus a partir de esputos (baciloscop

  19. El nitrógeno en los sistemas ganaderos de leche

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    Jorge Elizondo Salazar

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El nitrógeno es un elemento muy importante para todo organismo. Se encuentra en: la atmósfera, el suelo y el agua. Se aplica en todo el mundo para producir alimentos. El nitrógeno para la agricultura incluye: el proveniente de fertilizantes inorgánicos, aquel fijado biológicamente, el proveniente de estiércoles de animales, el de residuos de cosechas y el que se mineraliza en el suelo. Hoy en día, los fertilizantes nitrogenados son la mayor fuente de nitrógeno para la producción agrícola y el nitrógeno presente en el estiércol animal se está utilizando ineficientemente. Además, el nitrógeno está siendo aplicado en cantidades mayores que las que el ecosistema puede tolerar, ocasionando problemas de olores y contaminación de las aguas, lo que ha provocado intoxicaciones tanto en personas como en animales y otra serie de efectos negativos en los ecosistemas tanto terrestres como acuáticos. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo hacer un breve repaso sobre la importancia del nitrógeno en los organismos, conocer los efectos negativos que el exceso de nitrógeno puede ocasionar en el ambiente y reconocer alternativas viables y económicas que permitan disminuir la excreción de este elemento en los sistemas ganaderos de leche

  20. El receptor de estrógenos alfa como mediador del efecto proliferativo de progestágenos en cáncer de mama

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    Sebastián Giulianelli

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available En carcinomas mamarios murinos (C4-HD y en células de cáncer de mama humano (T47D observamos que el progestágeno sintético, acetato de medroxiprogesterona (MPA, induce la activación del receptor de estrógenos alfa (REa y su asociación nuclear con el receptor de progesterona (RP. En este trabajo postulamos que dicha interacción a nivel genómico sería fundamental para desarrollar respuestas proliferativas mediadas por progestágenos. Demostramos que el antiestrógeno fulvestrant (FUL, ICI182.780 indujo la regresión completa de tumores C4-HD creciendo con MPA. El progestágeno indujo la expresión temprana de CCND1 y MYC en células T47D y este efecto fue revertido al bloquear el REa. En células tratadas con MPA utilizamos ensayos de inmunoprecipitación de la cromatina (ChIP y corroboramos la colocalización nuclear de RP/REa en los mismos sitios de los promotores de CCND1 y MYC. El ICI no afectó la unión de RP a ambas secuencias regulatorias, pero sí inhibió la unión del REa. Confirmamos la interacción nuclear entre REa y RP en muestras de cáncer de mama humano. Los resultados demuestran que la presencia del REa, interactuando con el RP, en promotores de CCND1 y MYC es fundamental para la transcripción génica y la proliferación celular inducida por el progestágeno.

  1. GenoGAM: genome-wide generalized additive models for ChIP-Seq analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stricker, Georg; Engelhardt, Alexander; Schulz, Daniel; Schmid, Matthias; Tresch, Achim; Gagneur, Julien

    2017-08-01

    Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-Seq) is a widely used approach to study protein-DNA interactions. Often, the quantities of interest are the differential occupancies relative to controls, between genetic backgrounds, treatments, or combinations thereof. Current methods for differential occupancy of ChIP-Seq data rely however on binning or sliding window techniques, for which the choice of the window and bin sizes are subjective. Here, we present GenoGAM (Genome-wide Generalized Additive Model), which brings the well-established and flexible generalized additive models framework to genomic applications using a data parallelism strategy. We model ChIP-Seq read count frequencies as products of smooth functions along chromosomes. Smoothing parameters are objectively estimated from the data by cross-validation, eliminating ad hoc binning and windowing needed by current approaches. GenoGAM provides base-level and region-level significance testing for full factorial designs. Application to a ChIP-Seq dataset in yeast showed increased sensitivity over existing differential occupancy methods while controlling for type I error rate. By analyzing a set of DNA methylation data and illustrating an extension to a peak caller, we further demonstrate the potential of GenoGAM as a generic statistical modeling tool for genome-wide assays. Software is available from Bioconductor: https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/GenoGAM.html . gagneur@in.tum.de. Supplementary information is available at Bioinformatics online. © The Author (2017). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

  2. HIDRÓGENO DEL MAR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Sánchez-Dirzo

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El hidrógeno es un combustible capaz de sustituir a los hidrocarburos y al uranio para obtener, particularmente, energía eléctrica. Además de ser sustentable, el hidrógeno tiene la ventaja fundamental de ser reciclable. El proceso para su obtención más simple y que se conoce desde hace más de doscientos años se llama electrólisis del agua, esta técnica enfrenta el problema que su operación industrial mediante electricidad generada por sistemas fotovoltaicos, eólicos y océano-motrices, no está totalmente resuelta. Si bien los avances de las tecnologías solares y eólicas están bien documentados, las tecnologías océano-motrices empiezan a despuntar en sus fundamentos, conceptos y prototipos: en los recursos energéticos de los mares, islas y costas, se encuentran muchas de las soluciones al actual dilema de la energía de nuestra civilización. México, en especial, con doce mil kilómetros de costas, más de mil islas y abundantes recursos solares y eólicos, debe incluir a sus mares en sus proyectos de desarrollo energético. Este trabajo revisa propuestas de ingeniería que permitirían hibridar en costas a las fuentes de energía renovable y sintetiza soluciones planteadas de manera dispersa en la bibliografía internacional al problema fundamental de las energías alternas: su almacenamiento masivo, el cual podría hacerse en forma de hidrógeno.

  3. Células dendríticas especializadas en presentación de antígenos exógenos a linfocitos T citotóxicos

    OpenAIRE

    C. Alfaro; C. Oñate; A. Rodríguez; J.L. Pérez-Gracia; M. Fernández de Sanmamed; I. Melero

    2013-01-01

    Las células dendríticas son células de origen hematopoiético, que expresan constitutivamente moléculas presentadoras de antígeno MHC de clase I y II, y son funcionalmente las inductoras más potentes de la activación y proliferación de linfocitos T a los que presentan antígenos. Los linfocitos T CD8+ proliferan y adquieren capacidad citotóxica cuando reconocen su antígeno específico presentado en la superficie de una o varias células dendríticas con las que interactúan. Sin embargo, solamente ...

  4. The GenoChip: a new tool for genetic anthropology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elhaik, Eran; Greenspan, Elliott; Staats, Sean; Krahn, Thomas; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Xue, Yali; Tofanelli, Sergio; Francalacci, Paolo; Cucca, Francesco; Pagani, Luca; Jin, Li; Li, Hui; Schurr, Theodore G; Greenspan, Bennett; Spencer Wells, R

    2013-01-01

    The Genographic Project is an international effort aimed at charting human migratory history. The project is nonprofit and nonmedical, and, through its Legacy Fund, supports locally led efforts to preserve indigenous and traditional cultures. Although the first phase of the project was focused on uniparentally inherited markers on the Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the current phase focuses on markers from across the entire genome to obtain a more complete understanding of human genetic variation. Although many commercial arrays exist for genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, they were designed for medical genetic studies and contain medically related markers that are inappropriate for global population genetic studies. GenoChip, the Genographic Project's new genotyping array, was designed to resolve these issues and enable higher resolution research into outstanding questions in genetic anthropology. The GenoChip includes ancestry informative markers obtained for over 450 human populations, an ancient human (Saqqaq), and two archaic hominins (Neanderthal and Denisovan) and was designed to identify all known Y-chromosome and mtDNA haplogroups. The chip was carefully vetted to avoid inclusion of medically relevant markers. To demonstrate its capabilities, we compared the FST distributions of GenoChip SNPs to those of two commercial arrays. Although all arrays yielded similarly shaped (inverse J) FST distributions, the GenoChip autosomal and X-chromosomal distributions had the highest mean FST, attesting to its ability to discern subpopulations. The chip performances are illustrated in a principal component analysis for 14 worldwide populations. In summary, the GenoChip is a dedicated genotyping platform for genetic anthropology. With an unprecedented number of approximately 12,000 Y-chromosomal and approximately 3,300 mtDNA SNPs and over 130,000 autosomal and X-chromosomal SNPs without any known health, medical, or phenotypic

  5. The GenoChip: A New Tool for Genetic Anthropology

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elhaik, Eran; Greenspan, Elliott; Staats, Sean; Krahn, Thomas; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Xue, Yali; Tofanelli, Sergio; Francalacci, Paolo; Cucca, Francesco; Pagani, Luca; Jin, Li; Li, Hui; Schurr, Theodore G.; Greenspan, Bennett; Spencer Wells, R.

    2013-01-01

    The Genographic Project is an international effort aimed at charting human migratory history. The project is nonprofit and nonmedical, and, through its Legacy Fund, supports locally led efforts to preserve indigenous and traditional cultures. Although the first phase of the project was focused on uniparentally inherited markers on the Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the current phase focuses on markers from across the entire genome to obtain a more complete understanding of human genetic variation. Although many commercial arrays exist for genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, they were designed for medical genetic studies and contain medically related markers that are inappropriate for global population genetic studies. GenoChip, the Genographic Project’s new genotyping array, was designed to resolve these issues and enable higher resolution research into outstanding questions in genetic anthropology. The GenoChip includes ancestry informative markers obtained for over 450 human populations, an ancient human (Saqqaq), and two archaic hominins (Neanderthal and Denisovan) and was designed to identify all known Y-chromosome and mtDNA haplogroups. The chip was carefully vetted to avoid inclusion of medically relevant markers. To demonstrate its capabilities, we compared the FST distributions of GenoChip SNPs to those of two commercial arrays. Although all arrays yielded similarly shaped (inverse J) FST distributions, the GenoChip autosomal and X-chromosomal distributions had the highest mean FST, attesting to its ability to discern subpopulations. The chip performances are illustrated in a principal component analysis for 14 worldwide populations. In summary, the GenoChip is a dedicated genotyping platform for genetic anthropology. With an unprecedented number of approximately 12,000 Y-chromosomal and approximately 3,300 mtDNA SNPs and over 130,000 autosomal and X-chromosomal SNPs without any known health, medical, or phenotypic

  6. El hidrógeno y la energía

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aurelio Mendoza Medellín

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El hidrógeno es el elemento más simple, pero es fundamental para la vida. En el futuro sustituirá a los combustibles fósiles como fuente de energía para las máquinas hechas por el hombre. Hoy en día su uso es muy caro, pero ya existen motores que trabajan quemando este gas. En el sol la fusión de hidrógeno libera cantidades inconmensurables de energía, que en parte es captada por los cloroplastos, que la transforman en la energía química contenida en los carbohidratos resultantes de la fotosíntesis. Esto implica la transferencia del hidrógeno del agua al dióxido de carbono. Los animales liberan la energía de los combustibles biológicos revirtiendo dicha reacción a través del metabolismo oxidativo, la cadena respiratoria y la fosforilación oxidativa. El hidrógeno es vital para producir ATP y por lo tanto para la vida.

  7. GenoSets: visual analytic methods for comparative genomics.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aurora A Cain

    Full Text Available Many important questions in biology are, fundamentally, comparative, and this extends to our analysis of a growing number of sequenced genomes. Existing genomic analysis tools are often organized around literal views of genomes as linear strings. Even when information is highly condensed, these views grow cumbersome as larger numbers of genomes are added. Data aggregation and summarization methods from the field of visual analytics can provide abstracted comparative views, suitable for sifting large multi-genome datasets to identify critical similarities and differences. We introduce a software system for visual analysis of comparative genomics data. The system automates the process of data integration, and provides the analysis platform to identify and explore features of interest within these large datasets. GenoSets borrows techniques from business intelligence and visual analytics to provide a rich interface of interactive visualizations supported by a multi-dimensional data warehouse. In GenoSets, visual analytic approaches are used to enable querying based on orthology, functional assignment, and taxonomic or user-defined groupings of genomes. GenoSets links this information together with coordinated, interactive visualizations for both detailed and high-level categorical analysis of summarized data. GenoSets has been designed to simplify the exploration of multiple genome datasets and to facilitate reasoning about genomic comparisons. Case examples are included showing the use of this system in the analysis of 12 Brucella genomes. GenoSets software and the case study dataset are freely available at http://genosets.uncc.edu. We demonstrate that the integration of genomic data using a coordinated multiple view approach can simplify the exploration of large comparative genomic data sets, and facilitate reasoning about comparisons and features of interest.

  8. OXIDACIÓN DE ANTRACENO CON OXÍGENO SINGULETE GENERADO QUÍMICAMENTE POR EL SISTEMA MOLIBDATO DE SODIO/PERÓXIDO DE HIDRÓGENO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Diaz

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available La oxidación del antraceno con oxígeno singulete, generado químicamente por el sistema molibdato de sodio/peróxido de hidrógeno (Na2MoO4/H2O2, fue estudiada en una microemulsión tipo micela invertida (Agua/Aceite. El seguimiento de la reacción se realizó midiendo la absorbancia en la banda de 375 nm por espectrofotometría UV-Vis. Se identificaron como productos de la oxidación: la antraquinona, el endoperóxido-9,10-antraceno, la 9-hidroxiantrona, la antrona y el 9,10-dihidrodihidroxiantraceno mediante cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (CG-EM. Los tres primeros productos son el resultado de la cicloadición [4+2] del oxígeno singulete sobre el antraceno. La antrona y el 9,10-dihidrodihidroxiantraceno pueden ser generados por la presencia de un radical generado en el medio de reacción. En las condiciones de reacción usadas se determinó una constante de la velocidad de la oxidación con oxígeno singulete.

  9. Concentraciones de activador tisular del plasminógeno e inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno en pacientes con homocistinuria clásica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    SA Castañeda

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las concentraciones de homocisteína (Hcy, inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno tipo 1 (PAI-1 y activador tisular del plasminógeno (tPA en pacientes con homocistinuria clásica, en familiares de éstos y en población control sana.

  10. Aspectos genéticos del procesamiento de antígenos intracelulares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Martínez

    1993-03-01

    Full Text Available La activación de los linfocitos T (LT, un aspecto fundamental en la generación de la respuesta inmune (RI, se produce mediante el contacto de sus receptores antigénicos (TCR con un complejo formado por un péptido derivado del antígeno y una molécula del complejo mayor de Histocompatibilidad (MHC, HLA en el humano sobre la superficie de una célula presentadora de antígenos (APC. El origen del péptido puede ser exógenooextracelular, como sucede con la mayoría de los antígenos presentados por las moléculas MHC clase II, o endógeno (intracelular, como es el caso de las proteínas virales. sintetizadas por la célula y presentadas por las moléculas MHC Clase.

  11. Hidrógeno: Aplicación en motores de combustión interna

    OpenAIRE

    Fàbrega Ramos, Marc

    2009-01-01

    En el presente Proyecto Final de Carrera se pretende realizar un estudio sobre los motores de combustión interna de hidrógeno y su viabilidad de introducción en el mercado. En el presente Proyecto Final de Carrera se pretende realizar un estudio sobre los motores de combustión interna de hidrógeno y su viabilidad de introducción en el mercado. No debemos confundir los motores de combustión interna de hidrógeno con los de pila de combustible de hidrógeno. En la combustión,...

  12. Colágeno na cartilagem osteoartrótica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Paula P. Velosa

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available A cartilagem articular é um tecido altamente especializado, composto por células, os condrócitos, e um conjunto de macromoléculas, como o colágeno e os proteoglicanos. O colágeno é uma proteína fibrilar que garante resistência ao tecido, enquanto os proteoglicanos têm a função de mola biológica, sendo responsáveis pela compressibilidade da cartilagem. A complexa interação entre estas duas proteínas garante a elasticidade. Estas características específicas da cartilagem são essenciais para amortecer as grandes forças de impacto a que as articulações diartrodiais estão submetidas, sem muito gasto de energia, visto tratar-se de um tecido avascular. Em processos artrósicos ocorre um desequilíbrio entre a produção de componentes da matriz extracelular e destruição pelas metaloproteases, levando à degradação e perda do tecido cartilaginoso. A fase inicial da osteoartrose é marcada por perda de fragmentos de proteoglicanos para o líquido sinovial, aumento dos colágenos tipo II e tipo VI, aparecimento dos colágenos I e III, não típicos da cartilagem, e diminuição do colágeno tipo IX, que é importante para manter a integridade da matriz extracelular, além do entumescimento da cartilagem. Como conseqüência, a cartilagem perde suas características específicas, levando a alterações na função articular. A evolução da doença promove diminuição significativa das proteínas, até mesmo do colágeno tipo XI, que tem localização mais interna na estrutura da fibrila heterotípica, e, portanto levando até a exposição do osso. Até o momento, o tratamento da osteoartrose está baseado principalmente no controle da dor e/ou inflamação, não diminuindo ou impedindo a degradação da cartilagem articular. Neste aspecto a perspectiva de tratamento futuro da osteoartrose estaria na utilização de inibidores das metaloproteases associadas a condroprotetores interferindo no "turnover" da cartilagem e

  13. Extracción y caracterización de antígeno micelial de Aspergillus fumigatus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bernarda Cuadrado

    1995-06-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio presenta la estandarización y caracterización antigénica de un extracto micelial de Aspergillus fumigatus, con el fin de utilizarlo posteriormente en pruebas diagnósticas de aspergilosis pulmonar. Para la evaluación del antígeno micelial, se emplearon técnicas de doble inmunodifusión (DD, contra inmunoelectroforesis (CIE+ ID y enzimoinmuno ensayo (ELISA, comparando sus resultados con un antígeno de referencia. La concentración de proteínas y carbohidratos del antígeno estudiado fue de 8.800pglmL y 2.452 pg/mL respectivamente, muy similares a los encontrados en el antígeno de referencia. Los antígenos analizados presentaron bandas de identidad total y parcial en la DD. No hubo bandas de precipitinas al enfrentar ambos antígenos con 20 sueros negativos, utilizando las pruebas de DD y CIE+ID. En la ClE+lD se presentaron precipitinas en los lados anódico y catódico de ambos antígenos. El punto de corte determinado en la prueba de ELlSA para el antígeno del estudio fué de 0,352, con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Es posible concluir que el antígeno micelial estudiado puede ser empleado en pruebas serológicas diagnósticas.

  14. Enhanced photo(geno)toxicity of demethylated chlorpromazine metabolites

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Palumbo, Fabrizio [Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC/Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia (Spain); Garcia-Lainez, Guillermo [Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia (Spain); Limones-Herrero, Daniel [Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC/Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia (Spain); Coloma, M. Dolores; Escobar, Javier [Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) La Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avenida de Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia (Spain); Jiménez, M. Consuelo [Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC/Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia (Spain); Miranda, Miguel A., E-mail: mmiranda@qim.upv.es [Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC/Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia (Spain); and others

    2016-12-15

    Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is an anti-psychotic drug widely used to treat disorders such as schizophrenia or manic-depression. Unfortunately, CPZ exhibits undesirable side effects such as phototoxic and photoallergic reactions in humans. In general, the influence of drug metabolism on this type of reactions has not been previously considered in photosafety testing. Thus, the present work aims to investigate the possible photo(geno)toxic potential of drug metabolites, using CPZ as an established reference compound. In this case, the metabolites selected for the study are demethylchlorpromazine (DMCPZ), didemethylchlorpromazine (DDMCPZ) and chlorpromazine sulfoxide (CPZSO). The demethylated CPZ metabolites DMCPZ and DDMCPZ maintain identical chromophore to the parent drug. In this work, it has been found that the nature of the aminoalkyl side chain modulates the hydrophobicity and the photochemical properties (for instance, the excited state lifetimes), but it does not change the photoreactivity pattern, which is characterized by reductive photodehalogenation, triggered by homolytic carbon-chlorine bond cleavage with formation of highly reactive aryl radical intermediates. Accordingly, these metabolites are phototoxic to cells, as revealed by the 3T3 NRU assay; their photo-irritation factors are even higher than that of CPZ. The same trend is observed in photogenotoxicity studies, both with isolated and with cellular DNA, where DMCPZ and DDMCPZ are more active than CPZ itself. In summary, side-chain demethylation of CPZ, as a consequence of Phase I biotransformation, does not result a photodetoxification. Instead, it leads to metabolites that exhibit in an even enhanced photo(geno)toxicity. - Highlights: • Demethylated CPZ metabolites are phototoxic to cells, as revealed by the NRU assay. • Single cell electrophoresis (Comet Assay) confirms the photodamage to cellular DNA. • DNA single strand breaks formation is observed on agarose gel electrophoresis.

  15. Enhanced photo(geno)toxicity of demethylated chlorpromazine metabolites

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Palumbo, Fabrizio; Garcia-Lainez, Guillermo; Limones-Herrero, Daniel; Coloma, M. Dolores; Escobar, Javier; Jiménez, M. Consuelo; Miranda, Miguel A.

    2016-01-01

    Chlorpromazine (CPZ) is an anti-psychotic drug widely used to treat disorders such as schizophrenia or manic-depression. Unfortunately, CPZ exhibits undesirable side effects such as phototoxic and photoallergic reactions in humans. In general, the influence of drug metabolism on this type of reactions has not been previously considered in photosafety testing. Thus, the present work aims to investigate the possible photo(geno)toxic potential of drug metabolites, using CPZ as an established reference compound. In this case, the metabolites selected for the study are demethylchlorpromazine (DMCPZ), didemethylchlorpromazine (DDMCPZ) and chlorpromazine sulfoxide (CPZSO). The demethylated CPZ metabolites DMCPZ and DDMCPZ maintain identical chromophore to the parent drug. In this work, it has been found that the nature of the aminoalkyl side chain modulates the hydrophobicity and the photochemical properties (for instance, the excited state lifetimes), but it does not change the photoreactivity pattern, which is characterized by reductive photodehalogenation, triggered by homolytic carbon-chlorine bond cleavage with formation of highly reactive aryl radical intermediates. Accordingly, these metabolites are phototoxic to cells, as revealed by the 3T3 NRU assay; their photo-irritation factors are even higher than that of CPZ. The same trend is observed in photogenotoxicity studies, both with isolated and with cellular DNA, where DMCPZ and DDMCPZ are more active than CPZ itself. In summary, side-chain demethylation of CPZ, as a consequence of Phase I biotransformation, does not result a photodetoxification. Instead, it leads to metabolites that exhibit in an even enhanced photo(geno)toxicity. - Highlights: • Demethylated CPZ metabolites are phototoxic to cells, as revealed by the NRU assay. • Single cell electrophoresis (Comet Assay) confirms the photodamage to cellular DNA. • DNA single strand breaks formation is observed on agarose gel electrophoresis.

  16. Las pruebas intradérmicas de evaluación de competencia celular Estudio comparativo entre antígenos clásicos y otros antígenos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Guzmán

    1982-12-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta un estudio comparativo en la respuesta de hipersensibilidad demorada frente a 4 antígenos universalmente recomendados. Tuberculina (TU. Candidina (CA, Streptokinasa/Streptodornasa (SK/SD y virus de Parotiditis (PA con otros antígenos de uso menos común tal como Antígeno-Respiratorio-Mixto (ARM y lisado de Staphylococcus aureus 80/81 (LS. De igual manera se estudió la respuesta al Dinitroclorobenceno (DNCB. La población probada fue de 49 personas normales con edades entre 18-23 años. Los resultados mostraron que la reactividad para ARM es de 91,8%, para LS 91.8%. para Candidina 75%. para TU (10U 24.4%. pare SK/SD de solo 6.8% y para Parotiditis 6,1%. Los estudios con DNCB permiten aconsejar su uso solo en casos muy especiales. El trabajo presentado sugiere una normalización en la lectura y el uso de 4 antígenos con la más alta frecuencia de positividad dentro del grupo probado así: ARM, LS, CA, y TU.

  17. Auto-imunidade e colágeno V Autoimmunity and collagen V

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristiane Carla de Oliveira

    2006-06-01

    Full Text Available As proteínas da matriz extracelular (MEC e seus componentes estão sendo amplamente estudados na literatura médica, assim como sua relação com o remodelamento tecidual presente nas doenças reumáticas. Neste artigo, mostramos a importância do estudo do colágeno do tipo V no entendimento da etiologia da esclerodermia, no que se refere ao desencadeamento da auto-imunidade nesta enfermidade. Estudos em nosso laboratório demonstram que a sensibilização com colágeno do tipo V em coelhos pode resultar em um modelo animal de esclerodermia. Diante destes fatos, sugerimos que pesquisas neste campo podem ser de grande valia no desenvolvimento de novas condutas terapêuticas.The extracellular matrix (ECM proteins and their components have been widely studied in medical literature, as well its relationship with the tecidual remodeling present in the rheumatic disease. In this paper we show the importance of understanding the role of type V collagen as an important trigger of rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Studies in our laboratory demonstrate that type V collagen sensibilization in rabbits, could result in an animal scleroderma model. In this way we suggested that researches in this field can be worthy in development of new therapeutic procedures.

  18. Rule-Based Design of Plant Expression Vectors Using GenoCAD.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coll, Anna; Wilson, Mandy L; Gruden, Kristina; Peccoud, Jean

    2015-01-01

    Plant synthetic biology requires software tools to assist on the design of complex multi-genic expression plasmids. Here a vector design strategy to express genes in plants is formalized and implemented as a grammar in GenoCAD, a Computer-Aided Design software for synthetic biology. It includes a library of plant biological parts organized in structural categories and a set of rules describing how to assemble these parts into large constructs. Rules developed here are organized and divided into three main subsections according to the aim of the final construct: protein localization studies, promoter analysis and protein-protein interaction experiments. The GenoCAD plant grammar guides the user through the design while allowing users to customize vectors according to their needs. Therefore the plant grammar implemented in GenoCAD will help plant biologists take advantage of methods from synthetic biology to design expression vectors supporting their research projects.

  19. Rendimiento deportivo: glucógeno muscular y consumo proteico

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez-Guisado, Joaquín

    2008-01-01

    Para conseguir un óptimo rendimiento deportivo mediante el control de parámetros relacionados directa o indirectamente con la ingesta, puede resultar de gran importancia conocer y saber controlar el entramado metabólico relacionado con el glucógeno muscular y la optimización del consumo proteico. La recuperación de las reservas de glucógeno tras la realización del ejercicio físico es un proceso lento que puede llevar de 24 a 48 h según las pérdidas producidas. La velocidad de resíntesis del g...

  20. El hidrógeno y la energía

    OpenAIRE

    Aurelio Mendoza Medellín

    2006-01-01

    El hidrógeno es el elemento más simple, pero es fundamental para la vida. En el futuro sustituirá a los combustibles fósiles como fuente de energía para las máquinas hechas por el hombre. Hoy en día su uso es muy caro, pero ya existen motores que trabajan quemando este gas. En el sol la fusión de hidrógeno libera cantidades inconmensurables de energía, que en parte es captada por los cloroplastos, que la transforman en la energía química contenida en los carbohidratos resultantes de la fotosí...

  1. El hidrógeno y la energía

    OpenAIRE

    Aurelio Mendoza Medellín

    2006-01-01

    El hidrógeno es el elemento más simple, pero es fundamental para la vida. En el futuro sustituirá a los combustibles fósiles como fuente de energía para las máquinas hechas por el hombre. Hoy en día su uso es muy caro, pero ya existen motores que trabajan quemando este gas. En el sol la fusión de hidrógeno libera cantidades inconmensurables de energía, que en parte es captada por los cloroplastos, que la transforman en la energía química contenida en los carbohidratos resultantes ...

  2. Enteropatógenos de importancia en salud pública

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maribel Riveros

    Full Text Available La diarrea continúa siendo la tercera causa de muerte en niños menores de 5 años, pese a los avances recientes en el manejo y prevención de esta enfermedad. Es causada por múltiples patógenos, sin embargo, la prevalencia de cada uno varía según el grupo de edad, la zona geográfica y el escenario donde se registran los casos (comunitario vs hospitalario. Los patógenos de mayor relevancia en salud pública son aquellos asociados con mayor carga de enfermedad, severidad, complicaciones y mortalidad. En nuestro medio, el norovirus, Campylobacter y las E. coli diarrogénicas, son los patógenos más prevalentes a nivel comunitario en niños. En este artículo se revisa la epidemiología local y las potenciales áreas de desarrollo en cinco patógenos seleccionados: rotavirus, norovirus, E. coli productora de toxina Shiga (STEC, Shigella y Salmonella. De estos, el rotavirus es el más importante en la población pediátrica y el principal responsable de la mortalidad infantil por diarrea. La introducción de la vacunación contra rotavirus en nuestro país tendrá un importante impacto en la carga de enfermedad y la mortalidad por diarrea. Sin embargo, se requieren estudios de vigilancia para determinar el impacto de la vacunación y el cambio en la epidemiología de la diarrea en el Perú luego de la introducción de nuevas vacunas, así como la vigilancia de las tasas de resistencia antibiótica para las bacterias de importancia clínica.

  3. pyGeno: A Python package for precision medicine and proteogenomics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Daouda, Tariq; Perreault, Claude; Lemieux, Sébastien

    2016-01-01

    pyGeno is a Python package mainly intended for precision medicine applications that revolve around genomics and proteomics. It integrates reference sequences and annotations from Ensembl, genomic polymorphisms from the dbSNP database and data from next-gen sequencing into an easy to use, memory-efficient and fast framework, therefore allowing the user to easily explore subject-specific genomes and proteomes. Compared to a standalone program, pyGeno gives the user access to the complete expressivity of Python, a general programming language. Its range of application therefore encompasses both short scripts and large scale genome-wide studies.

  4. Concentraciones del activador tisular del plasminógeno y del inhibidor del activador del plasminógeno en pacientes con homocistinuria clásica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Beatriz Meneses

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available El aumento moderado o severo de Homocisteína (Hcy en sangre y las alteraciones en el sistema fibrinolítico, se asocian con enfermedad vascular que afecta venas y arterias de todos los calibres. Los pacientes con homocistinuria clásica padecen con mucha frecuencia eventos tromboembólicos, que son su principal causa de mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las concentraciones de Hcy, Inhibidor del Activador del Plasminógeno tipo 1 (PAI-1 y Activador tisular del Plasminógeno (tPA en pacientes con homocistinuria clásica, en familiares de éstos y en población control sana.

  5. Frecuencia del antígeno y aloanticuerpos del sistema Diego en donantes de sangre.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Góngora, Fernando B; Chiriboga-Ponce, Rosa F

    2018-01-01

    El sistema Diego es un sistema sanguíneo irregular involucrado de manera clínica en casos de enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido y en reacciones postransfusionales, dentro de este sistema de han identificado a 22 antígenos eritrocitarios de los cuales el par Di a /Di b son los de mayor importancia por su potencial inmunogénico. Determinar la frecuencia del antígeno Di a y la identificación del aloanticuerpo en la población ecuatoriana. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple y se testó mediante aglutinación en tubo la presencia o ausencia del antígeno y en metodología en gel la presencia del aloanticuerpo anti-Di a . se estableció una prevalencia del antígeno Di a del 25% frente a un 6.09% de aloinmunización por dicho antígeno en donantes de sangre ecuatorianos; no existieron diferencias significativas en la asociación de las variables, siendo estas independientes de la edad y procedencia del donante, sin embargo se pudo constatar que en Ecuador existe población portadora del antígeno Diego Di a y casos de aloinmunización por este sistema debidos probablemente a la incompatibilidad transfusional sea esta por vía maternofetal o por transfusiones de sangre. La distribución de la frecuencia de antígenos y aloanticuerpos del sistema Diego es casi uniforme dentro de la población de nuestro país, probablemente por ser un territorio con alto grado de mestizaje, por lo que es de vital importancia la implementación de la detección de este sistema sanguíneo y su inclusión dentro de los protocolos de detección de anticuerpos irregulares en los bancos de sangre de Ecuador. Copyright: © 2018 SecretarÍa de Salud

  6. Aloantígenos de granulocitos: Importancia clínica The granulocyte alloantigens. Clinical importance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María del Rosario López De Roux

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Los aloantígenos de granulocitos se agrupan en 2 grandes categorías: antígenos específicos de granulocitos y antígenos cuya distribución es más amplia y comprende otras líneas celulares. En 1998 se acordó establecer una nueva nomenclatura de los aloantígenos de granulocitos, basada en la localización glucoproteica de estos antígenos. La molécula FcgRIIIb es un miembro de la superfamilia de inmunoglobulinas (CD 16 en la cual se asientan varios de los aloantígenos específicos de granulocitos. Existen otros aloantígenos cuya función y localización se desconocen. Estas moléculas son de gran importancia clínica, pues se ven envueltas en una serie de enfermedades como la neutropenia neonatal aloinmune, cuyo carácter clínico moderado hace que pase inadvertida, la reacción febril no hemolítica, el daño pulmonar agudo relacionado con la transfusión, la neutropenia inmune asociada con el trasplante de médula ósea y la neutropenia autoinmune. Aunque se han producido avances en la caracterización de los aloantígenos de granulocitos, muchos puntos quedan sin aclarar, entre ellos, la significación clínica de muchos antígenos. El desarrollo creciente de técnicas moleculares, bioquímicas y serológicas para el estudio de los antígenos de células sanguíneas, nos permitirá aclarar los puntos que aún permanecen oscuros en este campo de la investigaciónThe granulocyte alloantigens are grouped into 2 big categories: specific granulocyte antigens and antigens, whose distribution is wider and comprises other cellular lines. In 1998, it was agreed to establish a new nomenclature of granulocyte alloantigens based on the glycoprotein localization of these antigens. The FcgRIIIb molecule is a member of the superfamily of immunoglobulins (CD 16, in which many of the specific granulocyte alloantigens are found. There are other alloantigens with an unknown function and localization. These molecules have a great clinical importance

  7. Sistemas lacustres paleógenos de Mallorca (Mediterráneo Occidental)

    OpenAIRE

    Ramos Guerrero, Emilio; Cabrera, Lluís; Marzo, Mariano

    1989-01-01

    Dos importantes sistemas lacustres-palustres se desarrollaron durante el Paleógeno en las Baleares. En el primero de ellos, de edad Bartoniense (Eoceno medio), se formó una importante acumulación de sedimentos carbonatados biogénicos y organógenos (lignitos). La organización megasecuencial de las sucesiones lacustres registra la siguiente evolución del sistema: 1) implantación de los medios lacustres, 2) expansión y relativa profundización, 3) colmatación por progradación de los depósitos de ...

  8. Invernaderos: seguimientos de temperatura y oxígeno

    OpenAIRE

    Sonnenholzner, Stanislaus

    2002-01-01

    Invernaderos: Seguimientos de Temperatura y Oxígeno Entre diciembre del 2001 y mayo del 2002 se realizaron dos series de experimentos para evaluar el efecto de las temperaturas altas en la supervivencia y el crecimiento del camarón utilizando invernaderos.

  9. Familial colorectal cancer type X

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Dominguez-Valentin, Mev; Therkildsen, Christina; Da Silva, Sabrina

    2015-01-01

    Heredity is a major cause of colorectal cancer, but although several rare high-risk syndromes have been linked to disease-predisposing mutations, the genetic mechanisms are undetermined in the majority of families suspected of hereditary cancer. We review the clinical presentation, histopathologic...... features, and the genetic and epigenetic profiles of the familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) syndrome with the aim to delineate tumor characteristics that may contribute to refined diagnostics and optimized tumor prevention....

  10. [Atypical manifestations in familial type 1 Waardenburg syndrome].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sans, B; Calvas, P; Bazex, J

    1998-01-01

    Waardenburg syndrome is an uncommon genetic disorder. Four clinical types are recognized. Three responsible genes have been identified (PAX 3: for type I syndrome, MITF and EDN3 for types II and IV respectively). We report the case of a patient with Waardenburg type I morphotype who had atypical neurological manifestations. Decisive elements for diagnosis were the presence of Waardenburg syndrome in the family and, in affected kin, a mutation causing a shift in PAX 3 gene reading. This case confirms the variability of Waardenburg signs within one family. The association of unusual neurological manifestations in the proband suggested that Vogt Koyanagi Harada disease may have been associated and may show some relationship with familial Waardenburg syndrome.

  11. Obesogenic family types identified through latent profile analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Martinson, Brian C; VazquezBenitez, Gabriela; Patnode, Carrie D; Hearst, Mary O; Sherwood, Nancy E; Parker, Emily D; Sirard, John; Pasch, Keryn E; Lytle, Leslie

    2011-10-01

    Obesity may cluster in families due to shared physical and social environments. This study aims to identify family typologies of obesity risk based on family environments. Using 2007-2008 data from 706 parent/youth dyads in Minnesota, we applied latent profile analysis and general linear models to evaluate associations between family typologies and body mass index (BMI) of youth and parents. Three typologies described most families with 18.8% "Unenriched/Obesogenic," 16.9% "Risky Consumer," and 64.3% "Healthy Consumer/Salutogenic." After adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors, parent BMI and youth BMI Z-scores were higher in unenriched/obesogenic families (BMI difference = 2.7, p typology. In contrast, parent BMI and youth BMI Z-scores were similar in the risky consumer families relative to those in healthy consumer/salutogenic type. We can identify family types differing in obesity risks with implications for public health interventions.

  12. Fungos endofíticos de Eugenia dysenterica DC como biocontroladores de fitopatógenos in vitro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Camilla Martins Malta

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Os micro-organismos antagonistas (bactérias, leveduras e fungos filamentosos têm a capacidade de exercer um efeito antagonista sobre diferentes patógenos sendo empregados para controlar diversas enfermidades de frutos e vegetais. Este estudo objetivou isolar e testar microrganismos presentes em Eugenia dysenterica DC contra Aspergillus parasiticus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Monilinia fructicola e in vitro. Foram coletados caules e folhas de 30 indivíduos de Cagaiteira. Os fragmentos vegetais passaram por desinfecção superficial, de acordo com o proposto por Rosa, et. al, (2010. Os fragmentos foram inoculados em placas de Petri contendo ágar Batata a 25-28 ºC por um período de até 60 dias. Os 263 endofíticos obtidos foram purificados e avaliados quanto ao seu potencial de inibição por produção de substâncias difusíveis e voláteis. Um total de 96 dos isolados, demonstraram atividade antagonista contra os fitopatógenos. Sendo 45 isolados capazes de inibir o crescimento do fitopatógeno A. parasiticus. Contra o fitopatógeno C. gloeosporioides 68 endofíticos apresentaram atividade antagonista. Já contra o fitopatógeno M. fructicola apenas 17 fungos foram capazes de exercer efeito inibitório. Os isolados obtidos apresentaram potencial para produção de substâncias bioativas contra estes fitopatógenos.

  13. Fraccionamiento de nitrógeno en frijol ( phaseolus vulgaris l. en el valle de san juan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Cedano

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Fraccionamiento de nitrógeno en frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L. en el valle de San Juan. Se realizó un estudio para determinar el efecto del fraccionamiento de la fertilización nitrogenada y el momento adecuado para la aplicación de nitrógeno en el cultivo de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L. en cinco localidades del Valle de San Juan, R. D. Los experimentos fueron establecidos del 5 al 14 de noviembre (1997 , se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar y nueve tratamientos en cada localidad, encontrándose que en los terrenos con altos niveles de nitrógeno no hubo respuesta a la aplicación de nitrógeno ni al fraccionamiento de este nutrimento; mientras que en los suelos con deficiencia en nitrógeno si hubo respuesta a la fertilización nitrogenada encontrándose diferencia estadística significativa a la aplicación y al momento de aplicación del fertilizante. Entre las localidades hubo diferencia estadística significativa (P>0.05, mientras que no se encontró interacción entre los tratamientos y las localidades

  14. Evaluación de patógenos en clones de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Montes Rojas Consuelo

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available

    family: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">En el noroccidente de Popayán, Colombia, se evaluó la presencia de plagas causadas por patógenos en 42 clones de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.. Los clones fueron plantados en bolsas plásticas, donde se desarrollaron por 3 semanas antes de ser trasplantados al campo. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, la parcela útil estuvo conformada por 6 plantas, las cuales se sembraron a 'tresbolillo' a 2.5 m entre surcos y 2 m entre plantas. Para determinar el efecto de las plagas en el cultivo, se calculó el porcentaje de incidencia y severidad del ataque. La incidencia se evaluó como porcentaje de plantas afectadas, y la severidad como porcentaje de tejido afectado por el patógeno. Las enfermedades más limitantes para los 42 clones fueron: gota (Phytophthora infestans que provocó una mortalidad de plantas superior a 40%; fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum que se presentó en 12 de los clones evaluados; antracnosis (Colletotrichum sp. que afectó 21 clones, los cuales se clasificaron entre tolerantes y medianamente tolerantes; y mancha clorótica (Cladosporium sp. que afectó 21 clones, clasificados como susceptibles. Los clones PL19, PL24, PL11, PL35 fueron medianamente tolerantes. Se seleccionaron por supervivencia los clones: JY E1 (52.2%, PH E 1 (45.8%, VM E2 (45.8%; por supervivencia y por tolerancia a Fusarium oxysporum los clones PL35, PL11, PL24, PL8, PL19, 120052, 120043, ORE1, AGE1. Los clones SER 7, SER 15, SER 9, SEC 31, SEC 27 presentaron alta mortalidad pero se seleccionaron por ser medianamente tolerantes a gota, tolerantes a antracnosis y medianamente resistentes a nematodos, con buen vigor y producción.

  15. Transportadores de oxígeno en cirugía cardíaca

    OpenAIRE

    Molina Méndez,Francisco Javier

    2006-01-01

    Los transportadores de oxígeno pueden ser agrupados en dos categorías: Soluciones basadas en hemoglobina y emulsiones basadas en perfluoroquímicos. La transfusión de eritrocitos alogénicos representa un recurso limitado y está asociada con eventos adversos como reacciones de transfusión aguda, transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas, inmunosupresión e infecciones postoperatorias. Aunque la "sangre artificial" no es una realidad clínica, algunos "transportadores artificiales de oxígeno" están ...

  16. Influencia del acabado superficial en la permeación de hidrógeno del acero API 5L-X52

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Réquiz, R.

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available The influence of surface roughness on the corrosion and hydrogen permeation behaviour was evaluated on a type API 5L-X52 steel in deaerated 0.1 M Na2SO4 at pH=2. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were employed to determine the electrochemical behaviour of the steel, while the Devanathan-Stachurski technique was used to estimate the hydrogen permeation rate. Additionally, the surface roughness profiles were obtained in order to correlate the changes in the hydrogen permeation rate with different metal surface finishings. The obtained results clearly demonstrate that when the roughness parameters have larger values, the cathodic current of hydrogen evolution increases while the hydrogen entry rate decreases. This effect can be attributed to the microstructural defects induced at the steel surface, such as dislocations, which increase the catalytic activity of the atomic hydrogen favouring its recombination. Also, these defects could allow the atomic hydrogen to remain adsorbed on the steel surface. Both effects could hinder the hydrogen diffusion into the metal since the possibility for this atom of becoming absorbed has been reduced

    En el presente trabajo de investigación se evalúa la influencia del acabado superficial, tanto en la corrosión generalizada como en la permeación de hidrógeno del acero API 5L-X52 en solución de Na2SO4 0,1M, a pH=2. El comportamiento electroquímico del acero se estudió mediante las curvas de polarización potenciodinámicas, mientras que la susceptibilidad al daño por hidrógeno se evaluó mediante la técnica de permeación de Devanathan- Stachurski. Además, se determinaron los parámetros de rugosidad a las muestras de acero con diferentes acabados superficiales, para luego correlacionarlos con los cambios en las corrientes de permeación de hidrógeno. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran, claramente, que, cuando la rugosidad superficial del acero

  17. Detección de mutacarcinógenos en aguas del Río Pantanillo y efecto genotóxico de esta agua en el DNA nuclear y mitocondrial de células eucarióticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita Zuleta

    2000-02-01

    Full Text Available

    family: Arial">Las aguas negras procedentes de domicilios, hospitales, fábricas, estaciones de gasolina, etc, están cargadas de gran variedad de mutacarcinógenos, como el benzopireno y el antraceno que se forman durante la combustión y pirólisis del material orgánico y se agrupan como hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA, además de las nitrosaminas y aminas heterocíclicas que se generan por la descomposición térmica de alimentos ricos en proteínas y creatina, como la carne asada y frita.  Estos mutágenos también se encuentran en las cenizas, el vapor del aceite de fritos y en la orina y las heces de personas que consumen alimentos fritos y asados (Felton y Knize 1990; Zuleta et al, sin publicar. Las aguas negras del Retiro son tratadas en una planta de lodos activados y luego son vertidas en el río Pantanillo, el cual es el principal afluente de la represa La Fe. Ésta surte la planta de tratamiento de aguas la Ayurá, que distribuye agua potable a más de 2.000.000 de personas. Con el fin de conocer el tipo de mutágenos que pueden llegar al río Pantanillo y si la planta de tratamiento a base de lodos activados es eficiente en su retención, identificamos los mutágenos contenidos en las aguas negras antes y después de pasar por la planta. Además evaluamos su mutagenicidad, genotoxicidad y la inhibición de la síntesis del DNA.

    family: Arial">Hasta el presente hemos obtenido los siguientes resultados:

    family: Symbol">·family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal">         

  18. Alucinógenos y sugestionabilidad

    OpenAIRE

    López-Pavillard, Santiago

    2007-01-01

    En este trabajo se presenta la revisión bibliográfica relativa al campo ‘alucinógenos y sugestionabilidad’. Aunque la información recuperada ha sido escasa se han podido identificar dos etapas en su evolución: en los años 1960 una etapa relativa a la Terapia Hipnodélica; y a partir de los años 1970 otra etapa en la que se establecen diversos paralelismos entre la hipnosis y el chamanismo. Finalmente se hacen una serie de consideraciones acerca de lo que podría aportar la hip...

  19. Enteógenos e Inteligência Existencial: Plantas Mestres como Instrumentos Cognitivos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kenneth Tupper

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available DOI: 10.12957/periferia.2011.3946 A partir de recentes mudanças nas legislações em relação às drogasem diferentes países, investiguei o potencial dos enteógenos (i.e.,plantas psicoativas usadas como sacramentos espirituais comoinstrumentos para favorecer a inteligência existencial. PlantasMestres das Américas como a ayahuasca, os cogumelos depsilocibina, o peiote e o soma indo-ariano da Eurásia, são alguns dosexemplos de enteógenos que foram e continuam a ser utilizados, nopassado e no presente. Todas estas plantas foram reverenciadas porpessoas e culturas diferentes como instrumentos cognitivos quepromovem um mais rico entendimento cosmológico do mundo. Utilizoa teoria das múltiplas inteligências revisada por Gardner (1999 e suaformulação de uma inteligência “existencial” como uma lente teóricaatravés da qual se deve considerar as possibilidades cognitivas dosenteógenos e explorar potenciais caminhos na Educação.

  20. Yajé y hongos alucinógenos, aspectos relacionados con su toxicidad

    OpenAIRE

    Téllez Mosquera, Jairo

    2012-01-01

    Este artículo es una revisión desde el punto de vista toxicológico de algunas plantas que poseen efectos de tipo alucinógeno y que han sido utilizadas históricamente por diversas tribus aborígenes de Sur y Centroamérica con propósitos de tipo medicinal o religioso por chamanes o médicos brujos de estas tribus.Por sus efectos alucinógenos, algunas de estas plantas se han venido utilizando en los últimos años en los centros urbanos y hacen parte de las diferentes sustancias psicoactivas que act...

  1. Effect of Family Type on Secondary School Students\\' Performance ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    This study investigated the effect of family type on Secondary School students\\' performance in physics in Ilorin metropolis. The sample comprised one hundred Senior Secondary II students from four schools in Ilorin metropolis. The instrument for the study titled \\"Effect of Family type on Students\\' Performance in Physics ...

  2. Cinética de descomposición del peróxido de hidrógeno

    OpenAIRE

    Climent Santamaría, María Teresa

    2014-01-01

    Vídeo en el que se muestran las operaciones de laboratorio para seguir la cinética de descomposición del peróxido de hidrógeno (o agua oxigenada), catalizada con ión yoduro, a partir de medidas del volumen de oxígeno desprendido. Producció: Centre de Formació i Qualitat 'Manuel Sanchis Guarner' (www.uv.es/cfq)

  3. CRECIMIENTO Y EFICIENCIA FOTOSINTÉTICA DE Ludwigia decurrens Walter (ONAGRACEAE BAJO DIFERENTES CONCENTRACIONES DE NITRÓGENO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MARIA ANGÉLICA SANCLEMENTE

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente estudio se evaluó el crecimiento y la eficiencia fotosintética de Ludwigia decurrens (Onagraceae, a partir de la estimación de la fluorescencia de la clorofila bajo diferentes concentraciones de nitrógeno (0 mg/L, 465 mg/L y 930 mg/L en condiciones de laboratorio. Como parámetros de crecimiento se utilizaron la longitud total del tallo y el área foliar. Durante el periodo de estudio se observó un incremento en el crecimiento y la eficiencia quántica con el aumento en la concentración de nitrógeno. Sin embargo, no se presentaron diferencias significativas (p<0,05 en los valores de fluorescencia de la clorofila entre los tratamientos. Los resultados del comportamiento de la eficiencia fotosintética (Fv/Fm y el crecimiento de las plantas tratadas con diferentes concentraciones de nitrógeno, demuestran que la macrófita Ludwigia decurrens crece en ambientes relativamente altos de nitrógeno.

  4. The relationship between parental depressive symptoms, family type, and adolescent functioning.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sieh, Dominik Sebastian; Sieh, Dominik Sebstian; Visser-Meily, Johanna Maria Augusta; Meijer, Anne Marie

    2013-01-01

    It is evident that parental depressive symptoms negatively influence adolescent behavior and various psychosocial outcomes. Certain family types like families with a chronically ill parent and single parent families are more vulnerable to parental depressive symptoms. However, the relationship between these symptoms, family type, and adolescent functioning remains largely unclear. This study examined relations between self-report of parental depressive symptoms and adolescent functioning in 86 two-parent families including a parent with a chronic medical condition, 94 families with healthy single parents, and 69 families with 2 healthy parents (comparison group). Parents completed the Beck Depression Inventory. Adolescents filled in the Youth Self-Report measuring problem behavior, and other instruments measuring psychosocial outcomes (stress, grade point average, school problems, and self-esteem). Multilevel analyses were used to examine the effects of family type, parental depressive symptoms, adolescents' gender and age, and interaction effects on adolescent functioning. The results indicated that adolescents with chronically ill and single parents had a lower grade point average (pfamily types. Parental depressive symptoms were strongly related to child report of stress (pfamily with 2 parents may have less impact on adolescent problem behavior than growing up in a single parent family. Health practitioners are encouraged to be attentive to the unique and combined influence of family type and parental depressive symptoms on adolescent functioning. Older and female adolescents deserve particular attention.

  5. Cálculos electrónicos de la disociación de hidrógeno en nanopartículas de cobalto

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Fernández, Julio

    2017-01-01

    El dopado de materiales porosos con átomos metálicos, clúster y nanopartículas está siendo visto como una forma de mejorar el almacenamiento de hidrógeno en estos materiales. Por esta razón, presento un estudio teórico de la interacción del hidrógeno molecular con un clúster de 13 átomos de cobalto. La adsorción del hidrógeno en el clúster lleva a dos tipos de estados. Por una parte, el estado más simple es un estado activado del hidrógeno molecular. Por otra parte, el segundo tipo es un esta...

  6. Geriatric Family Support and Diabetic Type-2 Glycemic Control

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shiva Heidari

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available Objectives: As the most part of geriatric (65 years and older diabetic care is given at home, family support has an important role in their blood sugar level control care. This study aimed to assess the relationship between family support and blood sugar level control in such elderly suffering type-2 diabetes. Methods & Materials: Via descriptive-correlative study, one hundred fifty geriatric patients with type-2 diabetes, who referred to Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected. Samplings based on nonrandomized and convenience. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic data glucose-labeled hemoglobin (HbA1C and received-perceived family support by applying the standard questionnaire of "Diabetes Social Support-Family Version" format. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 15 by using Chi-square and Pierson Tests. Results: Results showed a significant relationship between family support and glycemic control (r=-0.56, P<0.0001. Also there were significant relationships between family support, gender and marital status (P<0.0001. There were also significant relationships between glycemic control and marital status (P=0.02, financial status (P=0.04 and educational level (P=0.05. Conclusion: Findings of this research added further evidence about the impact of family support on the health of older adults with diabetes. These findings suggest using family centered nursing interventions and collaboration of family members in care of the elderly with type-2 diabetes.

  7. [Types of families, living conditions, functioning of family systems and social maladjustment during latency and adolescence in underprivileged milieus].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Le Blanc, M; McDuff, P; Tremblay, R E

    1991-06-01

    Available data on the impact of certain types of families is lacking, and the results are often misleading with respect to maladjustment. Following a description of variations in delinquent activity and behaviour problems according to family type, the authors analyse the difficulties in the operation of family systems. Comparisons of six family types apply to data from 763 boys aged 10, 319 female and 426 male adolescents, aged 14 and 15: intact families, father-based and mother-based single-parent families, father-based and mother-based reconstituted families and substitute families. The article's data show that in the late eighties, nearly 40 per cent of children and adolescents living in low-income districts in Montreal belonged to disunited families. In addition, the data confirm a classic observation: in comparison with intact families, disunited families are underprivileged in relation to living conditions, deficient in relation to psychosocial functioning, and propitious to behaviour problems and delinquent activity. In addition, it has been established that certain disunited family types represent a considerable risk factor. The damaging effect of family structure increases in the following order: intact families, mother-based single-parent families, mother-based reconstituted families, substitute families, father-based reconstituted families and father-based single-parent families. Finally, certain intervention methods are suggested to help prevent behaviour and family problems.

  8. Pheno2Geno - High-throughput generation of genetic markers and maps from molecular phenotypes for crosses between inbred strains.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zych, Konrad; Li, Yang; van der Velde, Joeri K; Joosen, Ronny V L; Ligterink, Wilco; Jansen, Ritsert C; Arends, Danny

    2015-02-19

    Genetic markers and maps are instrumental in quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in segregating populations. The resolution of QTL localization depends on the number of informative recombinations in the population and how well they are tagged by markers. Larger populations and denser marker maps are better for detecting and locating QTLs. Marker maps that are initially too sparse can be saturated or derived de novo from high-throughput omics data, (e.g. gene expression, protein or metabolite abundance). If these molecular phenotypes are affected by genetic variation due to a major QTL they will show a clear multimodal distribution. Using this information, phenotypes can be converted into genetic markers. The Pheno2Geno tool uses mixture modeling to select phenotypes and transform them into genetic markers suitable for construction and/or saturation of a genetic map. Pheno2Geno excludes candidate genetic markers that show evidence for multiple possibly epistatically interacting QTL and/or interaction with the environment, in order to provide a set of robust markers for follow-up QTL mapping. We demonstrate the use of Pheno2Geno on gene expression data of 370,000 probes in 148 A. thaliana recombinant inbred lines. Pheno2Geno is able to saturate the existing genetic map, decreasing the average distance between markers from 7.1 cM to 0.89 cM, close to the theoretical limit of 0.68 cM (with 148 individuals we expect a recombination every 100/148=0.68 cM); this pinpointed almost all of the informative recombinations in the population. The Pheno2Geno package makes use of genome-wide molecular profiling and provides a tool for high-throughput de novo map construction and saturation of existing genetic maps. Processing of the showcase dataset takes less than 30 minutes on an average desktop PC. Pheno2Geno improves QTL mapping results at no additional laboratory cost and with minimum computational effort. Its results are formatted for direct use in R/qtl, the leading R

  9. Evaluación de un antígeno purificado para el diagnóstico de toxocariosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Graciela Santillán

    Full Text Available La toxocariosis es una zoonosis causada por la ingestión de huevos infectivos de Toxocara spp. El diagnóstico de la enfermedad se basa en la detección de anticuerpos en el suero u otros fluidos biológicos. La técnica serológica más utilizada es el ELISA, que usa como antígeno los productos de excreción-secreción de larvas de tercer estadio (ES/L3. Estos productos antigénicos son glicoproteínas que se originan en los órganos secretorios del parásito y no son específicos de especie. Para evaluar la especificidad de la técnica de ELISA con el antígeno ES/L3, se emplearon sueros de personas con otras helmintiasis y con patologías no parasitarias. Se observó que estos sueros presentaron reactividad entre el 11 y el 70 % de los casos. El Western blot con suero de los mismos pacientes reveló que la glicoproteína que corresponde al triplete de 120 kDa fue la más inespecífica. Teniendo en cuenta estos resultados y con el propósito de purificar el antígeno se realizó una cromatografía de intercambio iónico. Cuando se analizaron los sueros de los pacientes con diferentes enfermedades parasitarias y no parasitarias con el antígeno ES/L3 purificado, solo fueron reactivos entre un 10 y un 20 % de ellos. La sensibilidad del test de ELISA determinada por el programa Epidat 3. 0 para los dos antígenos fue del 100 %, pero se observaron diferencias en la especificidad: para el antígeno ES/L3 total esta fue del 84 % y para el ES/L3 purificado del 99 %. Empleando el antígeno ES/L3 purificado se puede considerar que los sueros que son reactivos, en presencia de una sintomatología compatible, corresponden a pacientes que fueron o están parasitados con Toxocara canis.

  10. Contaminación acústica por grupos electrógenos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanexy Cepero-Aguilera

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo tiene como tema el impacto ambiental por ruido de grupos electrógenos (GE. Se muestran diferentes definiciones y conceptos referidos a la explotación de los GE y las consecuencias que puede provocar a las personas que permanezcan cerca de ellos durante su funcionamiento. Los grupos electrógenos son además de generadores de energía, generadores de ruido y por tanto contribuyen a la contaminación acústica del lugar donde estén situados. En el documento se aborda la importancia del correcto uso y selección de los protectores auditivos para aquellas personas que trabajen directamente en las baterías de grupos electrógenos, así como algunas formas de atenuar el ruido. También se caracteriza la emisión sonora de estos a partir de estudios realizados.This paper concerns with the environmental damage due to noise emission introduced by Engine Generator Sets. Definitions and concepts about Engine Generator operation are shown as well as the consequences over the personnel who stand near the Engine Generators during their operation. Obviously, such kind of machines generates energy but they also generate noise which contaminates the environment around them. The paper states how important are the right selection and use of noise protection devices for those whose main job is to operate engine generator sets. Some methods for noise damping are also shown. Finally, some case studies are presented in order to describe the noise emission registered in the real world.

  11. The relationship between parental depressive symptoms, family type, and adolescent functioning.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dominik Sebastian Sieh

    Full Text Available It is evident that parental depressive symptoms negatively influence adolescent behavior and various psychosocial outcomes. Certain family types like families with a chronically ill parent and single parent families are more vulnerable to parental depressive symptoms. However, the relationship between these symptoms, family type, and adolescent functioning remains largely unclear. This study examined relations between self-report of parental depressive symptoms and adolescent functioning in 86 two-parent families including a parent with a chronic medical condition, 94 families with healthy single parents, and 69 families with 2 healthy parents (comparison group. Parents completed the Beck Depression Inventory. Adolescents filled in the Youth Self-Report measuring problem behavior, and other instruments measuring psychosocial outcomes (stress, grade point average, school problems, and self-esteem. Multilevel analyses were used to examine the effects of family type, parental depressive symptoms, adolescents' gender and age, and interaction effects on adolescent functioning. The results indicated that adolescents with chronically ill and single parents had a lower grade point average (p<.01 than the comparison group. Adolescents of single parents reported more internalizing problems (p<.01 and externalizing problems (p<.05 than children from the other family types. Parental depressive symptoms were strongly related to child report of stress (p<.001. Adolescents of depressed chronically ill parents were particularly vulnerable to internalizing problems (interaction effect, p<.05. Older children and girls, and especially older girls, displayed more internalizing problems and stress. It can be concluded that growing up with a chronically ill parent in a family with 2 parents may have less impact on adolescent problem behavior than growing up in a single parent family. Health practitioners are encouraged to be attentive to the unique and combined

  12. Patógenos introducidos al Perú en post larvas de Litopenaeus vannamei importadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mervin Guevara

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available El comercio internacional de animales acuáticos es uno de los factores más importantes en la introducción involuntaria de patógenos a una región libre de estos. Los patógenos introducidos han sido causa de enormes pérdidas económicas en organismos bajo cultivo y daños ecológicos en poblaciones silvestres. En este trabajo, utilizando la técnica de la PCR se analizaron postlarvas de Litopenaeus vannamei importadas desde Ecuador para ser utilizada en los cultivos de langostinos en Tumbes. La finalidad fue detectar patógenos como el virus de la mancha blanca (WSV, virus de la cabeza amarilla (YHV, virus de la necrosis hipodérmica y hematopoyética infecciosa (IHHNV, Baculovirus penaei (BP, virus del síndrome de Taura (TSV y la bacteria de la hepatopancreatitis necrotizante (NHPB. Se analizaron 177 muestras de postlarvas en el año 2009 y 274 en el 2010. En el año 2009 se encontraron cuatro patógenos infecciosos en las postlarvas analizadas, siendo más frecuente el IHHNV (9,60%. En el año 2010 la frecuencia de aparición de postlarvas infectadas con IHHNV fue mayor (16,79%. Tanto en el 2009 como en el 2010 se encontraron postlarvas positivas a NHPB, BP y TSV

  13. DETERMINACIÓN RÁPIDA Y PRECISA DEL CONTENIDO DE HIDRÓGENO EN MEZCLAS DE HIDROCARBUROS POR RMN 1H

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eliseo Avella

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Se presentan y discuten resultados de ladeterminación de hidrógeno en mezclasde hidrocarburos y de fracciones pesadasde petróleo por integración de las señalesen sus espectros RMN 1H de alta resolución.Los resultados muestran la posibilidadde cuantificar de manera rápida yprecisa el hidrógeno en 37 fragmentosestructurales, además del hidrógeno totalen la muestra, mediante aplicación deintervalos de integración unificados. Adiferencia de los métodos publicados enla literatura, la determinación de hidrógenoes posible con menor cantidad demuestra en disolución, con corto tiempode reciclado, d1, sin ajustes estrictos detemperatura ni adición de agente de relajacióno uso de algún estándar de cuantificaciónexterno.

  14. La Economía del Hidrógeno como Solución al Problema de la Estabilización del Clima Mundial La Economía del Hidrógeno como Solución al Problema de la Estabilización del Clima Mundial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gene D. Berry

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available A diferencia de otros combustibles, el hidrógeno (H2 se puede generar y consumir sin emitir bióxido de carbono (CO2. Esto resulta en grandes ventajas ecológicas y retos fundamentales. El hidrógeno puede operar en un ciclo cerrado e inagotable basado en las sustancias más limpias, abundantes y elementales: agua, oxígeno e hidrógeno. Si el hidrógeno se genera usando luz, calor y/o electricidad producidos a partir de energía solar, eólica o nuclear, el hidrógeno se convierte en un medio versátil y universal de almacenar y transportar energía, y un elemento necesario para futuros sistemas energéticos que operan sin contaminación ambiental, CO2, y otros gases que contribuyen al efecto de invernadero. El hidrógeno es necesario para eliminar la contaminación ambiental y estabilizar la composición de la atmósfera y el clima del planeta.Unlike other fuels, hydrogen (H2 can be generated and consumed without generating carbon dioxide (CO2. This creates both significant engineering challenges and unsurpassed ecological advantages for H2 as a fuel, while enabling an inexhaustible (closed global fuel cycle based on the cleanest, most abundant, natural, and elementary substances: H2, O2, and H2O. If generated using light, heat, and/or electrical energy from solar, wind, fission, or (future fusion power sources, H2 becomes a versatile, storable, and universal carbonless energy carrier, a necessary element for future global energy system(s aimed at being free of air and water pollution, CO2, and other greenhouse gases. The case for hydrogen rests fundamentally on the need to eliminate pollution and stabilize Earth’s atmosphere and climate system.

  15. Understanding type 2 diabetes: including the family member's perspective.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    White, Patricia

    2012-02-01

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological and social factors and diabetes outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes and their family members. METHODS: A total of 153 patients with type 2 diabetes were assessed at a diabetes outpatient clinic and postal questionnaires were sent to nominated family members. The measures examined were diabetes knowledge, social support, well-being, and illness perceptions. RESULTS: When compared with those with diabetes, family members reported lower positive well-being and lower levels of satisfaction with support. They also perceived diabetes as a more cyclical illness, which was controlled more by treatment than by the individual. Family members also reported that the person with diabetes was more emotionally distressed and knew more about diabetes than the patient had actually reported himself or herself. There were no differences between the family members of those in good or poor glycaemic control. CONCLUSIONS: This study reinforces the importance of understanding social context and illness beliefs in diabetes management. It also highlights the potential for including family members in discussions and education about diabetes management.

  16. Evaluación de la fijación de nitrógeno por cepas de Rhizobium que nodulan Frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Inés Ballesteros

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available La capacidad de fijar nitrógeno de ocho cepas de Rhizohium fue evaluada incdiante dos ensayos de invernadero, en solución nutritiva, con cinco variedades de fríjol: ICA CITARA, ICA PIJAO, DIACOL CATIO, ANDINO y PVA 916. Se determinó en floración el peso seco de la parle aérea, peso seco de nodulos y nitrógeno total en la planta por el método de microkjeldahi. Las cepas de mejor comportamiento en cuanto a nitrógeno fijado fueron en su orden : CIAT 144, CIAT 899, y CIAT 2; aunque en general la respuesta de las cepas fue diferente con la variedad de Iríjol se logró un porcentaje promedio de nitrógeno fijado del orden del 28% comparado con los controles que recibieron nitrógeno combinado (Ensayo 2. Las cepas CIAT 71 15 y CIAT 632 presentaron la menor efectividad con las variedades ensayadas. Se encontró correlación altamente significativa entre el rendimiento en peso seco y el nitrógeno fijado para todas las variedades de fríjol.

  17. Una aproximación teórica al desarrollo endógeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alfredo Macías

    2004-05-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo propone una reflexión teórica y conceptual acerca del desarrollo como proceso endógeno. La viabilidad de tal perspectiva depende, en gran medida, de si se asume o no su construcción a partir de la vida comunitaria como espacio de subjetividad. La tarea es compleja pero posible, pues parece depender de las propias comunidades y de sus capacidades para  sobreponer sus facultades reflexivas a un ethos racionalista,propio de una civilización que progresivamente niega y desestima sus dimensiones morales y afectivas. Es necesario entonces superar el fatalismo determinista de lo estructural, el reto del desarrollo endógeno es, en primer término, subjetivo y humano.

  18. Sensibilización de placas para ensayos inmunoenzimáticos con antígenos vacunales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rolando Ochoa

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Se describe un procedimiento de sensibilización de placas para ensayos inmunoenzimáticos (ELISA con antígenos vacunales. Se define como concentración óptima de sensibilización aquella donde se alcanza la mayor densidad óptica con los sueros estándares y la menor con los sueros negativos y el blanco reactivo. Como modelo se emplean ensayos indirectos correspondientes a los antígenos de captura: toxoide tetánico, diftérico y la vesícula de membrana externa de meningococo B, materia prima activa de la vacuna antimeningocócica VA-MENGOC-BC. Esta metodología permite alcanzar un mayor recubrimiento de la fase sólida, lo cual incrementa la sensibilidad de los ensayos. La ocupación de espacios libres en la placa se hizo más evidente con antígenos de menor peso molecular, como los toxoides diftérico y tetánico.

  19. An unusual type of familial lipodystrophy

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Johansen, K; Rasmussen, M H; Kjems, L L

    1995-01-01

    A mother and her daughter with a novel type of familial partial lipodystrophy were studied. Both had atrophy of fat in the face, chest, and upper and lower limbs and abdominal obesity caused by intraabdominal fat accumulation. The mother had severe insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance...

  20. Oxidación de linoleato de metilo con oxígeno singulete generado químicamente por el sistema molibdato de sodio/peróxido de hidrógeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Enrique Díaz

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió la oxidación del linoleato de metilo (LM con el oxígeno singulete (¹O2, generado químicamente por el sistema molibdato de sodio/peróxido de hidrógeno (Na2MoO4/H2O2, en una microemulsión tipo micela invertida (W/O. El seguimiento de la oxidación del LM se realizó por espectrofotometría UVVis, midiendo la absorbancia a 234 nm correspondiente a los hidroperóxidos conjugados. A presión y temperatura ambiente, no se observaron productos de la descomposición de posibles dioxetanos por HPLC y CG-EM, tal y como ha sido sugerido por algunos estudios.

  1. Eficiencia agronómica, rendimiento y rentabilidad de genotipos de maíz en función del nitrógeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cid Aguilar Carpio

    2016-10-01

    Full Text Available En el cultivo de maíz, la fertilización nitrogenada es una alta inversión que posiblemente incrementa el rendimiento. Sin embargo, es imprescindible ser eficiente en el uso del agua y nitrógeno (N, para la producción. El nitrógeno mejora la composición de proteínas en el grano, pero de forma excesiva es perjudicial a la salud humana. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el efecto del nitrógeno en genotipos de maíz sobre: a la ocurrencia de las fases fenológicas; b producción de materia seca y rendimiento; c eficiencia en el uso del agua y nitrógeno; d contenido de nitrógeno y proteína en el grano; y e rentabilidad en maíz. La siembra de los genotipos Michoacán-21, HS-2 y Promesa con 0, 80 y 160 kg N ha-1, se realizó en Montecillo, Estado de México en junio de 2011. Se registró, la ocurrencia de las fases fenológicas y madurez fisiológica del maíz, la materia seca (MS, rendimiento de grano (RG, contenido de nitrógeno y proteína en el grano, eficiencia en el uso de agua y nitrógeno (EUA y EAN y rentabilidad económica. Se observaron diferencias entre genotipos en la ocurrencia de las fases fenológicas. La respuesta al nitrógeno entre genotipos fue variable. El mayor MS y RG fue en el genotipo Promesa con 80 kg N ha-1 y 160 kg N ha-1 respectivamente. La EUA y EAN más alta, se obtuvo en Promesa con 80 kg N ha‑1. El contenido de nitrógeno y proteína más alto fue en el grano de maíz de HS-2 con 160 kg N ha-1. El mayor ingreso neto ($12 685.90 se logró con Promesa y 80 kg N ha-1.

  2. Factores responsables de la pérdida de los efectos beneficiosos de los estrógenos en el sistema cardiovascular

    OpenAIRE

    Novensà Casas, Laura

    2011-01-01

    Antecedentes: Estudios experimentales y observacionales sugieren que los estrógenos y los moduladores selectivos de los ERs (SERMs), como el raloxifeno, juegan un papel clave en la protección vascular femenina. Por otro lado, estudios clínicos importantes sobre el tratamiento con estrógenos y raloxifeno en mujeres posmenopáusicas, incluyendo los ensayos recientes WHI y RUTH han demostrado que el uso de estrógenos para la prevención de las ECV no tiene ningún beneficio aparente y en algunos ca...

  3. Evaluación de la respuesta de anticuerpos hacia antígenos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aniel Moya

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available Pseudomonas aeruginosa es un patógeno extracelular que genera una respuesta de anticuerpos específicos con utilidad para el diagnóstico y vacunas. En el presente estudio nos propusimos evaluar en suero humano los niveles de anticuerpos contra antígenos relevantes de P. aeruginosa. Realizamos la determinación de anticuerpos IgG contra tres exoenzimas, consideradas como factores de virulencia de mayor importancia en infecciones. Este resultado dio paso a la evaluación del reconocimiento de IgG e IgA hacia antígenos de la envoltura celular bacteriana por ELISA de células enteras. Todos los sueros evaluados mostraron títulos de IgG e IgA superiores a los individuos sanos, con excepción de dos muestras de pacientes que no mostraron alto título. Este ensayo permitió analizar el nivel de reconocimiento hacia los antígenos más expuestos de la bacteria que incluyen principalmente LPS y proteínas de membrana externa. Se encontró diferencias entre los valores de densidad óptica a 450 nm de individuos sanos y enfermos. El método usado permitió seleccionar dos sueros de pacientes de diferentes tipos de infecciones que fueron comparados por Western blot. Se observó que aunque los sueros tenían reacción hacia distintos serotipos de P. aeruginosa, la intensidad del reconocimiento variaba según el tipo de infección.

  4. Evaluación de diferentes aceros para la evolución de hidrógeno en KOH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Falk Michel Julke

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió el comportamiento electroquímico de los diferentes tipos de aceros comerciales de bajo costo (A36, 430 y 304 como electrodos para la obtención de hidrógeno. El propósito de este trabajo fue estudiar la evolución de hidrógeno, para lo cual se utilizaron técnicas electroquímicas como cronoamperometría y curvas voltamperométricas, en diferentes concentraciones de KOH (5% y 25% m/m. El acero inoxidable 304 en una concentración de 25%m/m tuvo el mejor desempeño, pues en estas condiciones el inicio de liberación de hidrógeno disminuyó y presentó el menor requerimiento de potencial para su uso como placa bipolar.

  5. Efeito dos Estrógenos Conjugados e da Medroxiprogesterona sobre a Mama: Estudo Experimental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santos Luciana de Oliveira Marques dos

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: avaliar no tecido mamário a influência de drogas empregadas na terapia de reposição hormonal sobre a proliferação celular, a quantidade de colágeno e de fibras elásticas e as alterações histológicas gerais do parênquima. Método: utilizaram-se 61 ratas Wistar-UFPR, adultas, divididas em 5 grupos. O grupo padrão (n=12 representou o perfil hormonal ovariano normal. As 49 ratas restantes foram ooforectomizadas e a partir do 96º dia P.O. receberam a medicação designada para cada grupo durante 30 dias. O grupo EEC (n=13 recebeu 50 mg/dia de estrógenos eqüinos conjugados; o grupo MPA (n=12, 2,0 mg/dia de acetato de medroxiprogesterona; o grupo EEC + MPA (n=12, ambos, e o grupo AD (n=12, água destilada. No 31º dia de medicação todos os animais foram sacrificados e as mamas inguinais foram retiradas para análise histológica. A avaliação da proliferação celular nos ductos e ácinos foi realizada por método imuno-histoquímico utilizando-se anticorpo anti-PCNA. Utilizando-se a coloração de Sirius-Red quantificou-se o colágeno maduro (tipo I e imaturo (tipo III. A coloração de Weigert avaliou a formação de fibras elásticas. A análise anatomopatológica foi realizada em coloração de hematoxilina-eosina, determinando-se o número de ácinos por ducto terminal, número de ductos por campo, presença de secreção intraductal e a intensidade de vacuolização intracitoplasmática. Resultados: o grupo EEC + MPA apresentou menor porcentagem de células ductais em proliferação (46,1% (p<0,0001. Também mostrou maior taxa de proliferação das células acinares (66,3%, sendo semelhante ao grupo MPA (p=0,075 mas diferente dos demais grupos (p<0,004. No grupo EEC encontrou-se maior quantidade de colágeno imaturo (33,6% (p<0,01 e o grupo MPA apresentou mais elevada concentração de fibras elásticas (11,7% (p<0,0001. Os grupos EEC + MPA e MPA apresentaram hiperplasia acinar secretora, sendo intensa (91,7% no grupo

  6. Mecanismos de defensa en las interacciones planta-patógeno

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Madriz-Ordeñana, Kenneth

    1998-01-01

    ésto. Las in- teracciones planta-patógeno pueden presentar varios tipos de asociaciones, que dependen en gran parte del contenido genético de cada organismo. La resistencia inducida es una forma de defensa activa que involucra la expresión diferencial de genes y cambios metabólicos que ocurren como...

  7. VARIAÇÕES NA MICROBIOTA LEVEDURIFORME DO FERMENTO ENDÓGENO UTILIZADO NA PRODUÇÃO DO QUEIJO CANASTRA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juliana E. Nóbrega

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Variações na microbiota leveduriforme presente no fermento endógeno utilizado para fabricação do queijo Canastra foram avaliadas no período das águas (PA e no período da seca (PS. O queijo Canastra é produzido na região da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, de forma artesanal a partir de leite cru de vaca e utiliza como cultura iniciadora um fermento endógeno obtido após prensagem e salga do queijo. Um total de 115 estirpes foram isoladas de 16 amostras do fermento endógeno coletadas em 8 unidades produtoras nos dois períodos amostrados e identificadas pela metodologia tradicional e pelo sistema API C 20 AUX. As espécies de leveduras predominantes no PA foram Debaryomyces hansenii, Torulaspora delbruekii e Kluyveromyces lactis. No PS, predominaram as espécies Kluyveromyces lactis, Torulaspora delbruekii e Kluyveromyces marxianus. Os resultados demonstram que as espécies leveduriformes presentes no fermento endógeno da Serra da Canastra, nos dois períodos avaliados, são basicamente as mesmas, variando a freqüência com as quais ocorrem.

  8. Medición inalámbrica de concentración de oxígeno para productos vitivinícolas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Mario Garzon Rey

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta un sistema inalambrico que permite medir la con-centracion de ox geno aplicable para el vino embotellado. El sistema esta basado en alimentacion por medio de telemetr a inductiva, a traves de un sen-sor al interior de la botella que mide la concentracion de ox geno y entrega la informacion medida de manera inalambrica. Posibles niveles altos de con-centracion de ox geno determinan fugas en el corcho, lo que representa mala calidad del proceso de embotellamiento y por ende perdida de las propiedades de la calidad del vino. El sistema propuesto fue validado utilizando una im-plementacion de componentes discretos por la facilidad y disponibilidad en el mercado local, pero las topolog as estudiadas buscan a futuro una posible implementacion a nivel de circuito integrado de aplicacion espec ca (ASIC. El sensor utilizado para el montaje del prototipo es un sensor de ox geno comercial referencia O2A2 de Alphasense. La respuesta en condiciones de funcionamiento es lineal con un coe ciente de correlacion de 0.999.

  9. GenoCAD Plant Grammar to Design Plant Expression Vectors for Promoter Analysis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coll, Anna; Wilson, Mandy L; Gruden, Kristina; Peccoud, Jean

    2016-01-01

    With the rapid advances in prediction tools for discovery of new promoters and their cis-elements, there is a need to improve plant expression methodologies in order to facilitate a high-throughput functional validation of these promoters in planta. The promoter-reporter analysis is an indispensible approach for characterization of plant promoters. It requires the design of complex plant expression vectors, which can be challenging. Here, we describe the use of a plant grammar implemented in GenoCAD that will allow the users to quickly design constructs for promoter analysis experiments but also for other in planta functional studies. The GenoCAD plant grammar includes a library of plant biological parts organized in structural categories to facilitate their use and management and a set of rules that guides the process of assembling these biological parts into large constructs.

  10. Validation of a model of family caregiver communication types and related caregiver outcomes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wittenberg, Elaine; Kravits, Kate; Goldsmith, Joy; Ferrell, Betty; Fujinami, Rebecca

    2017-02-01

    Caring for the family is included as one of the eight domains of quality palliative care, calling attention to the importance of the family system and family communications about cancer during care and treatment of the disease. Previously, a model of family caregiver communication defined four caregiver communication types-Manager, Carrier, Partner, Lone-each with a unique communication pattern. The purpose of the present study was to extend the model of family caregiver communication in cancer care to further understand the impact of family communication burden on caregiving outcomes. This mixed-method study employed fieldnotes from a family caregiver intervention focused on quality of life and self-reported caregiver communication items to identify a specific family caregiver type. Caregiver types were then analyzed using outcome measures on psychological distress, skills preparedness, family inventory of needs, and quality-of-life domains. Corroboration between fieldnotes and self-reported communication for caregivers (n = 21, 16 women, mean age of 53 years) revealed a definitive classification of the four caregiver types (Manager = 6, Carrier = 5, Partner = 6, Lone = 4). Mean scores on self-reported communication items documented different communication patterns congruent with the theoretical framework of the model. Variation in caregiver outcomes measures confirmed the model of family caregiver communication types. Partner and Lone caregivers reported the lowest psychological distress, with Carrier caregivers feeling least prepared and Manager caregivers reporting the lowest physical quality of life. This study illustrates the impact of family communication on caregiving and increases our knowledge and understanding about the role of communication in caregiver burden. The research provides the first evidence-based validation for a family caregiver communication typology and its relationship to caregiver outcomes. Future research is needed to develop and test

  11. Plataforma productiva como fuerza del desarrollo endógeno del sector de manufacturas plásticas

    OpenAIRE

    Maryana Sandrea; Mariby Boscán

    2014-01-01

    La plataforma productiva de una localidad constituye un soporte a la actividad empresarial, en términos de infraestructura física y servicios conexos, que dependiendo de sus condiciones estimula o frena el desarrollo endógeno. En este contexto, el objetivo general de la investigación consiste en analizar las condiciones de la plataforma productiva como fomento al desarrollo endógeno, en el sector de manufacturas plásticas, utilizando básicamente los aportes de Vázquez (2005 y 2007). El estudi...

  12. Efecto del oxígeno y la glucosa en la metanogénesis y mineralización de resinas poliméricas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ulises Durán Hinojosa

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la concentración de oxígeno disuelto (OD y la presencia de la glucosa en la metanogénesis y mineralización de los compuestos de resinas poliméricas, mediante cultivos en lote. El inóculo utilizado para los cultivos fueron lodos procedentes de un reactor de lecho de lodos con flujo ascendente UASB (por sus siglas en inglés, alimentado con glucosa y aguas residuales de resinas poliméricas, y 1,0 mg L-1 d-1 de oxígeno disuelto en estado estacionario. Todas las pruebas fueron realizadas con 1500 mg L-1 de demanda química de oxígeno, a 30±2° C, con 23,8 g L-1 de sólidos suspendidos volátiles como inóculo y una relación demanda química de oxígeno / sólidos suspendidos volátiles de 1. El efecto de diferentes concentraciones de oxígeno disuelto mostró que, para la glucosa, con bajas concentraciones (0,6 y 1,0 mg L-1 la eficiencia de remoción de la demanda química de oxígeno y la actividad metanogénicas permanecieron constantes, pero la eficiencia de remoción de la demanda química de oxígeno para los compuestos de resinas poliméricas aumentó 58,1±1% y el rendimiento de metano disminuyó, debido a que una mayor fracción del carbono alimentado fue mineralizada a dióxido de carbono, posiblemente por una ruta aerobia. Los resultados con diferentes proporciones de glucosa / compuestos de resinas poliméricas (CRP en presencia de 0,6 mg L-1 de oxígeno disuelto mostraron que la presencia de glucosa no mejoró la eliminación de los compuestos de resinas poliméricas. Sin embargo, la actividad metanogénica disminuyó en un 75% cuando solamente se usó a los compuestos de resinas poliméricas como sustrato, al compararla con la actividad metanogénica con glucosa como única fuente de carbono, sugiriendo que la glucosa no favorece la eliminación de los compuestos de resinas poliméricas, pero proporciona una mejor tolerancia al oxígeno. Se concluye que la presencia de bajas

  13. Efectos de los estrógenos como contaminantes emergentes en la salud y el ambiente

    OpenAIRE

    Ramírez-Sánchez, Irwing M.; Martínez-Austria, Polioptro; Quiroz-Alfaro, Marco A.; Bandala, Erick R.

    2015-01-01

    Los contaminantes emergentes son sustancias que tienen el potencial de dañar al ser humano, flora y fauna, y no están regulados por la legislación. Los estrógenos son parte de esta definición, es decir, contaminantes emergentes, que cuando incrementan su concentración en el ser humano o el ambiente causan daño. Los seres humanos están expuestos a concentraciones altas de estrógenos debido a su uso como parte de terapias de reemplazo hormonal o métodos anticonceptivos. Flora y fauna están expu...

  14. Involvement of family members in life with type 2 diabetes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Grabowski, Dan; Andersen, Tue Helms; Varming, Annemarie

    2017-01-01

    OBJECTIVES: Family involvement plays a key role in diabetes management. Problems and challenges related to type 2-diabetes often affect the whole family, and relatives are at increased risk of developing diabetes themselves. We highlight these issues in our objectives: (1) to uncover specific...... family problems associated with mutual involvement in life with type 2-diabetes and (2) to analytically look at ways of approaching these problems in healthcare settings. METHODS: Qualitative data were gathered in participatory problem assessment workshops. The data were analysed in three rounds using...... radical hermeneutics. RESULTS: Problems were categorized in six domains: knowledge, communication, support, everyday life, roles and worries. The final cross-analysis focusing on the link between family identity and healthcare authenticity provided information on how the six domains can be approached...

  15. El sistema ubicuitina/proteasoma en la interacción planta-patógeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mario Rocha-Sosa

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available La ubicuitina (Ub es una proteína pequeña la cual es utilizada por los organismos eucariontes para marcar proteínas, en la mayoría de los casos para que éstas sean posteriormente degradadas. La ubicuitinación ocurre en tres pasos sucesivos los cuales requieren de la acción de una enzima activadora, una enzima conjugadora y una ligasa de Ub. Una vez ubicuitinada la proteína seguirá un destino diferente de acuerdo a la topología de la ubicuitinación. Muchas de las proteínas marcadas por ubicuitinación serán degradadas por un complejo proteínico de 2.5 Mda conocido como el proteasoma 26S. Las plantas emplean ampliamente este mecanismo de degradación regulada de proteínas para modular procesos de crecimiento y desarrollo o bien, para responder ante situaciones adversas como puede ser una baja disponibilidad de agua o el ataque por patógenos. Durante la evolución las plantas han desarrollado diversas estrategias para defenderse ante la agresión por patógenos, sin embargo, estos organismos han logrado implementar herramientas que les permiten contrarrestar los mecanismos de defensa de las plantas, entre otras formas, los patógenos han logrado manipular el sistema Ub/proteasoma para poder infectarlas eficientemente.

  16. PLASTICIDAD FENOTÍPICA EN Lippia alba Y Lippia origanoides (VERBENACEAE: RESPUESTA A LA DISPONIBILIDAD DE NITRÓGENO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CARLOS ANDRÉS ANTOLINEZ-DELGADO

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo comparó la plasticidad fenotípica (PF a través de la etapa vegetativa de dos especies del genero Lippia (Verbenaceae que presentan amplitud ecológica contrastante con respecto a la disponibilidad de nitrógeno. Lippia alba, especie distribuida en suelos de alta a baja disponibilidad de nitrógeno y Lippia origanoides distribuida en suelos con baja disponibilidad de nitrógeno. Nuestra hipótesis de trabajo planteó que la magnitud de la plasticidad fenotípica en estas especies podría correlacionarse con su amplitud ecológica. Treinta y cinco clones de Lippia alba y Lippia origanoides fueron asignado aleatoriamente en tres tratamientos que variaron en la disponibilidad de nitrógeno en el suelo así: 0,5; 2,5 y 5 mM. A los 25, 35, 50 y 70 días cinco clones de cada especie por tratamiento fueron colectadas. Se evaluó el numero de hojas, área foliar, fracción masa de las hojas, fracción masa de la raíz, razón raíz/parte aérea, volumen de la raíz, longitud de la raíz, masa seca total y tasa de crecimiento relativo. Los resultados indican que ambas plantas presentan una alta PF a la disponibilidad de nitrógeno; sin embargo, las normas de reacción de los caracteres estimados variaron dependiendo de la especie y la edad de la planta. Contrario a nuestra hipótesis no encontramos una correlación entre la PF y la distribución ecológica de estas especies.

  17. Coproantígenos de Fasciola hepatica de posible utilidad en el diagnóstico de la fascioliasis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana M. Espino

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available En el presente estudio se describen cuáles son los antígenos de Fasciola hepatica que están presentes en las heces de pacientes con fascioliasis crónica y de ratas infectadas experimentalmente con metacercarias de F. hepatica. Mediante el empleo de la técnica de inmunoelectrotransferencia (Western blot con un suero hiperinmune obtenido frente a antígenos de excreción/secreción de adultos de F. hepatica, se pudo demostrar que en las heces de los pacientes se encuentran antígenos de posible interés para el diagnóstico con masas moleculares de 14, 19, 20, 23, 25, 32, 46, 51 y 62 kilodaltons (kDa. Además, se comprobó que algunos de estos péptidos (los de 14, 20, 23 y 51 kDa son reconocidos también por la mayoría de los sueros de pacientes crónicos. Después de purificar por cromatografía de afinidad los antígenos presentes en heces de ratas con 6 a 12 semanas de infección, empleando para ello el anticuerpo monoclonal ES78 acoplado a Sepharosa 4B-CNBr, se identificaron seis polipéptidos de 11, 14, 26, 32, 47 y 51 kDa; otros tres polipéptidos, de 17, 24 y 66 kDa, solo se pudieron identificar en heces de ratas con 10 a 12 semanas de infección. Nuestros resultados sugieren que estos polipéptidos pueden ser antígenos comunes a ambos estadios parasitarios y constituir importantes marcadores de la fascioliasis aguda y crónica, en particular los de 14, 24, 26 y 51 kDa, puesto que reaccionaron con el inmunosuero, los sueros humanos y el anticuerpo monoclonal ES78.

  18. Purificación de antígeno de Candida albicans para pruebas cutáneas: estudio preliminar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miriam Díaz

    1996-04-01

    Full Text Available La evaluación de la inmunidad celular mediante la respuesta producida por los linfocitos T, que son estimulados por la presencia de un antígeno determinado, es de sumo interés para el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades infecciosas que se producen durante el transcurso de quemaduras, lesiones, traumatismos, etcétera, por lo que la obtención de antígenos purificados para su uso en pruebas cutáneas que se emplean para dicha evaluación es de gran importancia. En nuestro trabajo nos dimos a la tarea de desarrollar un método de purificación para la obtención de uno de estos antígenos, a partir de la Candida albicans. El método utilizado fue el descrito por Buckley et al., al cual se le realizaron modificaciones. Se encontró que la metodología era adecuada y reproducible, pues el antígeno obtenido tenía características similares al antígeno de referencia.The assessment of cellular immunity by means of the response produced by T-lymphocytes stimulated by the presence of a determined antigen, is of great interest in the treatment of several infectious diseases during the course of burns, lesions, traumas, etc., and due to this it is very important to obtain purified antigens for their usage in the skin tests used in such assessment. The authors developed a purification method to obtain one of these antigens, from Candida albicans. They carried out modifications on the method described by Buckley et al., and found that the methodology was adequate and reproducible, since the antigen obtained had similar characteristics to those of the reference antigen.

  19. The relationship between parental depressive symptoms, family type and adolescent functioning

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Sieh, D.S.; Visser-Meily, J.M.A.; Meijer, A.M.

    2013-01-01

    It is evident that parental depressive symptoms negatively influence adolescent behavior and various psychosocial outcomes. Certain family types like families with a chronically ill parent and single parent families are more vulnerable to parental depressive symptoms. However, the relationship

  20. Hektor - an exceptional D-type family among Jovian Trojans

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rozehnal, J.; Brož, M.; Nesvorný, D.; Durda, D. D.; Walsh, K.; Richardson, D. C.; Asphaug, E.

    2016-11-01

    In this work, we analyse Jovian Trojans in the space of suitable resonant elements and we identify clusters of possible collisional origin by two independent methods: the hierarchical clustering and a so-called randombox. Compared to our previous work, we study a twice larger sample. Apart from Eurybates, Ennomos and 1996 RJ families, we have found three more clusters - namely families around asteroids (20961) Arkesilaos, (624) Hektor in the L4 libration zone and (247341) 2001 UV209 in L5. The families fulfill our stringent criteria, I.e. a high statistical significance, an albedo homogeneity and a steeper size-frequency distribution than that of background. In order to understand their nature, we simulate their long term collisional evolution with the Boulder code and dynamical evolution using a modified SWIFT integrator. Within the framework of our evolutionary model, we were able to constrain the age of the Hektor family to be either 1-4 Gyr or, less likely, 0.1-2.5 Gyr, depending on initial impact geometry. Since (624) Hektor itself seems to be a bilobed-shape body with a satellite, I.e. an exceptional object, we address its association with the D-type family and we demonstrate that the moon and family could be created during a single impact event. We simulated the cratering event using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics. This is also the first case of a family associated with a D-type parent body.

  1. Types of work-family interface: well-being correlates of negative and positive spillover between work and family

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kinnunen, U.; Feldt, T.; Geurts, S.A.E.; Pulkkinen, L.

    2006-01-01

    The aim of the present study was to test the structure of the work-family interface measure, which was intended to take into account both the positive and negative spillover between work and family demands in both directions. In addition, the links among the types of work-family spillover and the

  2. Adição de colágeno em pão sem glúten elaborado com farinha de arroz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina da Silva Graça

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Os portadores da doença celíaca, uma enteropatia, apresentam intolerância ao glúten e a restrição de alimentos que o contenham mostra-se eficaz na normalização da função intestinal e das manifestações clínicas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adição de colágeno em pó e em fibra nas características estruturais, tecnológicas e sensoriais de pães sem glúten, elaborados com farinha de arroz. Primeiramente, foram realizadas adições de 2%, 4%, 6% e 8% de colágeno, sob as formas em pó e em fibra, em pães elaborados com farinha de arroz, sendo estes avaliados quanto às suas características tecnológicas: volume específico, firmeza do miolo e cor da crosta e do miolo. O pão que apresentou as melhores características tecnológicas foi caracterizado quanto à sua composição química (proteínas, lipídios, cinzas, umidade e carboidratos, avaliado quanto às perdas decorrentes da cocção e submetido à análise sensorial. As massas cruas dos pães adicionados com o colágeno em fibra, assim como a massa do pão padrão (sem adição de colágeno, foram avaliadas através de reologia e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A adição de colágeno aos pães elaborados com farinha de arroz não colaborou para a formação de uma rede semelhante à formada pelo glúten. O pão da formulação com 4% de colágeno em fibra apresentou as características tecnológicas mais próximas ao esperado, não diferindo significativamente quanto à composição química, do pão padrão. Por meio da análise sensorial, constatou-se que os pães sem glúten (padrão e com 4% de colágeno em fibra obtiveram aceitação sensorial superior a 75%. Conclui-se, com o estudo, que é possível adicionar colágeno em pães sem glúten, sendo que o pão adicionado de 4% de colágeno em fibra apresentou características mais próximas às do pão padrão testado.

  3. INFLUENCIA DEL NITRÓGENO EN LA CALIDAD DEL GRANO DE SORGO EN EL SALVADOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vilma Ruth Calder\\u00F3n-Chinchilla

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó el efecto de la aplicación y el uso efi ciente de nitrógeno (UEN en el rendimiento y la calidad del grano de 12 líneas experimentales de sorgo [Sorghum bicolor Moench (L] y dos variedades comerciales ('Soberan' y 'Jocoro' durante el año 2004. Los niveles dec nitrógeno empleados fueron de 0 y 21 kg/ha. Se presentaron interacciones entre las variedades y los niveles de nitrógeno para el rendimiento del grano y el UEN. La aplicación de 21 kg/ha aumentó el rendimiento del grano en 0,9 t/ha (45%, la concentración de N en el grano en 0,3% y la densidad verdadera del grano, con un efecto pequeño en otras variables de la calidad del grano. Se encontraron diferencias entre las líneas para todas las variables de calidad, pero ninguna de las líneas experimentales fue superior a las variedades Soberano y Jocoro. Las líneas ICSVLM-90520, ICSVLM-89537 e ICSVLM-90510 dieron rendimientos similares a Soberano y Jocoro; y ICSVLM-90510 presentó igual o superior calidad del grano, pudiendo ser utilizada para incrementar la diversidad genética.

  4. INTERETHNIC DIFFERENCES OF YOUNG FAMILY NEEDS IN VARIOUS TYPES OF HELP

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tatiana Vladimirovna Anafjanova

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Various types of young family needs noted by the author are studied in the article: a need for parents’ help, state support, medical and social services.It is established that needs for medical and social help initially predominate in the structure of requirements of ethnic cohorts of young families both in cities and countryside, increasing according to the period and duration of marriage of a family.Ethnic differences of young family needs are revealed in all studied cohorts in the structure of the less significant types of assistance – parents’ help and state support, undoubtedly, due to the differences in reproductive activity of young ethnic families depending on the area of residence.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2013-8-2

  5. Blastogénesis y pruebas intracutáneas con antígeno parcialmente purificado de Candida albicans

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maye Bernal Rivera

    1990-12-01

    Full Text Available Utilizando un antígeno parcialmente purificado de Candida albicans cuya composición se estudió por electrofóresis de poliacrylamida, se demostró que este antígeno estimula una respuesta de hipersensibilidad retardada en el curí, evidenciada tanto por el fenómeno de induración que aparece a las 24 horas y desaparece a las 72 como por estudios de histopatología. De 16 voluntarios estudiados 81.25%, fueron positivos y 18.75% negativos. Los estudios de transformación blástica de linfocitos de los candidina positivos estimulados con cantidades variables del antígeno parcialmente purificado y con base a la incorporación de timidina tritiada, fueron negativos lo cual plantea el hecho de que la prueba de hipersensibilidad retardada y la transformación blástica son fenómenos diferentes en la evaluación inmunológica.

  6. Expressão do colágeno I em carcinomas epidermóides da cavidade oral

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martins Gabriela Botelho

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available A matriz extracelular no carcinoma epidermóide da cavidade oral sofre modificações qualitativas e quantitativas durante a sua progressão. Estas alterações parecem possibilitar os processos de invasão e metástase que caracterizam as neoplasias malignas e são mais evidentes na interface tumor-hospedeiro. No nosso estudo, 23 biópsias incisionais de carcinomas epidermóides de diversas localizações da cavidade oral foram classificadas segundo o sistema de graduação histológica preconizado por Anneroth et al.¹ (1987. Foram utilizadas as colorações pela H. E. e a do tipo picrosirius, específica para colágeno. A expressão imuno-histoquímica do colágeno tipo I foi analisada em lesões com diferentes escores histológicos de malignidade. Pôde-se concluir que o colágeno apresenta diferentes padrões morfológicos, histoquímicos e imuno-histoquímicos em lesões com altos e baixos escores de malignidade.

  7. Confirmation of novel type 1 diabetes risk loci in families

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Cooper, J D; Howson, J M M; Smyth, D

    2012-01-01

    Over 50 regions of the genome have been associated with type 1 diabetes risk, mainly using large case/control collections. In a recent genome-wide association (GWA) study, 18 novel susceptibility loci were identified and replicated, including replication evidence from 2,319 families. Here, we......, the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC), aimed to exclude the possibility that any of the 18 loci were false-positives due to population stratification by significantly increasing the statistical power of our family study....

  8. The concurrent and longitudinal effects of child disability types and health on family experiences.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wei, Xin; Yu, Jennifer W

    2012-01-01

    This study examines the concurrent and longitudinal effects of children's disability types and health on family experiences, namely, parent divorce, mother's unemployment, and receipt of social welfare. The parent and school staff survey data for 1999 and 2004 from the Special Education Elementary Longitudinal Study were analyzed, when the ages of children with disabilities ranged from 6 to 17. Weighted logistic regressions using Taylor Series Linearization were used to model the concurrent associations and longitudinal association between children's disability types and health and family experiences. Models were adjusted to account for other children in the family with disabilities, sociodemographic characteristics, and other family experiences variables. Family experiences varied significantly by disability type in 1999. Compared with families of children with learning disabilities, parents of children with emotional disturbances were 81% more likely to get divorced, and 2.5 times more likely to receive welfare from 1999 to 2004. Mothers of children with a secondary disability were 81% more likely to be unemployed than those of children without a secondary disability. These findings indicate that specific disability types in children have an influence on family experience, and that some of those influences may persist over time. Families of children with emotional disturbances appear to be particularly at risk for negative family experiences. Clinicians, educators, and policymakers should be aware of the complex needs of families of children with disabilities when considering the types of services and supports provided to both children with disabilities and their families.

  9. Variación espacio-temporal del nitrógeno y fósforo en el embalse del Neusa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Pablo Niño Garcia

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available El Embalse del Neusa es un cuerpo de agua oligo-mesotrófico ubicado en la cordillera oriental de los Andes colombianos, utilizado en la regulación de caudales del río Neusa y en la distribución de agua para consumo. Allí se analizaron la variación espacial del nitrógeno y el fósforo y sus tasas de sedimentación, se indagó sobre su relación con la distribución de Egeria densa en el embalse. Para hacer una aproximación a la incidencia de las comunidades litorales sobre la variación del nitrógeno y fósforo se hicieron estimaciones de los porcentajes de nitrógeno y fósforo contenidos tanto en la biomasa como en la necromasa macrofíticas y se estudió su variación en el tiempo durante los procesos de descomposición in situ. En este trabajo se encontró que las diferencias temporales y espaciales en los contenidos de nitrógeno y fósforo en la columna de agua respondieron a las fluctuaciones estacionales de las afluencias y cambios de nivel del agua, así como a la distribución espacial de E. densa;. esta última se relacionó con el aumento en las tasas de sedimentación del seston, nitrógeno y fósforo. Durante la descomposición estos dos nutrientes se perdieron rápidamente en los primeros días, volviéndose limitantes para los microorganismos descomponedores en fases posteriores del proceso. Estos recurren a nutrientes disueltos, escasos en la columna de agua, que en consecuencia pueden ser limitantes para los procesos de descomposició.

  10. Aprovechamiento de residuos de aluminio industrial para la obtención controlada de hidrógeno mediante la reacción aluminio-agua

    OpenAIRE

    Mujal Rosas, Ramón María; Salueña Berna, Javier; Martinez Lopez, Juan; Dagá Monmany, José María

    2016-01-01

    La aparición de vehículos que funcionan con pilas de combustible tipo PEM (membrana de intercambio de protones) plantea la necesidad de proporcionar hidrógeno de alta pureza de forma dosificada y a baja presión. Actualmente se suministra mediante pesadas bombonas de hidrógeno a alta presión, 350 a 700 bar, que requieren de reguladores de presión, estrictos controles de seguridad y mantenimiento. Dicho hidrógeno proviene mayoritariamente del reformado del gas natural, gas no renovable. Una opc...

  11. Efecto modulador del sulfuro de hidrógeno en el metabolismo basal en Cavia porcellus (cuy) normales

    OpenAIRE

    Gómez Herreros, César Gonzalo

    2016-01-01

    Evalúa el efecto modulador del H2S a 80 ppm sobre el metabolismo basal en Cavia porcellus (cuy) normales. Para ello mide el consumo de oxígeno y producción de dióxido de carbono del Cavia porcellus (cuy) normales inmediatamente antes y después de la exposición al sulfuro de hidrógeno. Para luego determinar los cambios histológicos a nivel de tejido pulmonar, cardiaco y renal, y los niveles de hemoglobina entre los grupos experimentales (control, experimental y gold estándar). Tesis

  12. Alimentos funcionales, alfalfa y fitoestrógenos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro De Jesús

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available El desarrollo de alimentos funcionales en los últimos años ha ido en aumento debido principalmente, al interés de la población por alimentos que no solo cumplan con la función nutricional sino también por que tengan un efecto benéfico en salud reduciendo así el riesgo a padecer diversas enfermedades. La alfalfa ha sido generalmente un alimento destinado para la alimentación del ganado, sin embargo, en diversas investigaciones alrededor del mundo se ha reportado que contiene compuestos bioactivos –fitoquímicos– y proteínas con efecto estrogénico, antimicrobiano y antioxidante, así como también protector contra enfermedades cardiovasculares, cáncer y diabetes, entre otras, clasificándola potencialmente como un alimento funcional. El presente documento tiene como objetivo dar un bosquejo general informativo a través de la búsqueda y revisión bibliográfica acerca de los alimentos funcionales y en especial de la alfalfa y constituyentes fitoquímicos (fitoestrógenos que la ubican dentro de este grupo de alimentos; así como los hallazgos que se han reportado como efectos adversos en animales experimentales específicamente en el aparato reproductivo debido al consumo de este tipo de fitocompuestos. Esta dicotomía entre los efectos adversos y benéficos no es más que la señalización de que aún falta mucha más información y estudios que realizar respecto al resultado que pueden tener los fitoestrógenos en el desarrollo y función reproductiva de animales, el agonismo y antagonismo de su efecto así como la concordancia en el riesgo-beneficio de su consumo.

  13. Desarrollo endógeno y globalización

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    Antonio Vázquez-Barquero

    2000-12-01

    Full Text Available El desarrollo endógeno es una interpretación que permite explicar la mecánica de la acumulación de capital en un entorno de fuerte competencia como el que caracteriza a la globalización. El artículo argumenta que la difusión del conocimiento, la organización flexible de la producción, las economías de urbanización y la densidad del tejido institucional son los procesos que determinan el aumento de la productividad y que gracias al efecto Hanoi es posible generar la sinergia necesaria entre estos procesos, lo que facilita la aparición de rendimientos crecientes. El desarrollo endógeno es una interpretación para la acción, y la política de desarrollo local incide sobre estos procesos, lo que permite a las ciudades y regiones responder a los desafíos de la globalizaciónEndogenous development is a notion that explains the mechanics of capital accumulation under the conditions of increasing competition, such as those that characterize the globalization process. The paper argues that the productivity determinants are the difussion of innovation, the flexible organization of production, the agglomeration economies and institutional thickness. The Hanoi effect would propel the necessary sinergy between these processes and determine the rise of increasing returns. Endogenous development is an approach for action and local development policiy tools focus on these processes and help the cities and regions answer the challenges of globalization.

  14. Chudnovsky-Ramanujan Type Formulae for the Legendre Family

    OpenAIRE

    Chen, Imin; Glebov, Gleb

    2017-01-01

    We apply the method established in our previous work to derive a Chudnovsky-Ramanujan type formula for the Legendre family of elliptic curves. As a result, we prove two identities for $1/\\pi$ in terms of hypergeometric functions.

  15. Geographic Region, Size, and Program Type in Family Practice Residencies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Berg, Jolene K.; Garrard, Judith

    1981-01-01

    Research on residency education in family practice is discussed. Programmatic variables are examined: geographic region, size, and type of program. Definitions of these variables are provided, the current distribution of family practice residency programs across each of these variables is described, and data for use by other researchers is…

  16. Combined assessment of cyto-, geno-, and embryotoxicity of silica nanoparticles in experiments in vitro

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Protasova, G A; Popov, V B; Shabasheva, L V; Strekalovskii, I V; Panferova, Y A; Khlebnikova, N S; Radilov, A A

    2017-01-01

    A complex of express methods for cyto-, geno-, and embryotoxicity assessment of nanoparticles (NPs), based on the simultaneous use of three models: the cultures of pre- and post-implantation embryos of mice (egg cleavage, blastocyst formation, 1−5 day of development) and rats (head fold−neurulation stages, 30 somite pairs, 9.5−11.5 day of development), as well as human peripheral blood lymphocytes, is developed. Pathogenic (dysmorphogenic) effects of SiO 2 NPs in concentrations of 100 and 200 µg/mL on early embryo development processes were established. The cytogenetic methods used for cyto-, geno-, and mutagenicity assessment (micronuclear test under cytokinesis-block conditions, chromosomal aberrations test, and DNA comet assay) revealed no effects of SiO 2 NPs in concentrations 200, 100, and 20 µg/mL. (paper)

  17. Historia del conocimiento de los perisodáctilos del Neógeno español

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberdi, M. T.

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents a brief review on the studies of the Order Perissodactyla from the Spanish Neogene. References begin with the first records during the XIX century, and continue until present, summarizing the progress and knowledge of this conspicuous group of mammals in Spain. The paper focuses mainly on families Equidae and Rhinocerotidae, whose remains are very abundant and have a large temporal distribution, giving place to a huge amount of documentation. More scarce references concern families Tapiridae and Chalicotheriidae, owing to their more restricted records.En el presente trabajo, se realiza una breve historia del estudio de los Perisodáctilos del Neógeno de España. Abarca las distintas vicisitudes de estos estudios desde las primeras citas de su presencia en suelo español durante el siglo XIX hasta nuestros días. Se enfoca principalmente en los representantes de las familias Equidae y Rhinocerothidae, que están ampliamente representadas a lo largo y ancho de la Península y sobre los que hay abundante documentación. Más brevemente, se trata la Familia Tapiridae, cuyo registro es mucho más restringido, y se hace mención de la Familia Chalicotheriidae que, aunque muy escasa, también está presente en la Península Ibérica.

  18. Cultural and family challenges to managing type 2 diabetes in immigrant Chinese Americans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chesla, Catherine A; Chun, Kevin M; Kwan, Christine M L

    2009-10-01

    Although Asians demonstrate elevated levels of type 2 diabetes, little attention has been directed to their unique cultural beliefs and practices regarding diabetes. We describe cultural and family challenges to illness management in foreign-born Chinese American patients with type 2 diabetes and their spouses. This was an interpretive comparative interview study with 20 foreign-born Chinese American couples (n = 40) living with type 2 diabetes. Multiple (six to seven) semistructured interviews with each couple in individual, group, and couple settings elicited beliefs about diabetes and narratives of care within the family and community. Interpretive narrative and thematic analysis were completed. A separate respondent group of 19 patients and spouses who met the inclusion criteria reviewed and confirmed the themes developed from the initial couples. Cultural and family challenges to diabetes management within foreign-born Chinese American families included how 1) diabetes symptoms challenged family harmony, 2) dietary prescriptions challenged food beliefs and practices, and 3) disease management requirements challenged established family role responsibilities. Culturally nuanced care with immigrant Chinese Americans requires attentiveness to the social context of disease management. Patients' and families' disease management decisions are seldom made independent of their concerns for family well-being, family face, and the reciprocal responsibilities required by varied family roles. Framing disease recommendations to include cultural concerns for balance and significant food rituals are warranted.

  19. Hadron component in families observed with the Mt. Fuji thick type emulsion chamber

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Konishi, Eiichi

    1978-01-01

    Analysis of hadron component was made on the families detected with the thick type emulsion chamber exposed at Mt. Fuji. The thickness of the emulsion chamber was 70 c.u of Pb. The collecting power was 17 m 2 year. The character of hadrons in the families and their correlations with accompanying gamma-rays are shown. The energy spectra of ten families with number of gamma-ray not less than 5, gamma energy sum not less than 20 TeV and number of Pb jet not less than 5 minimum energy = 2 TeV, and their lateral distribution were investigated. These thick type emulsion chamber data are useful for the analysis of gamma-ray families observed by the thin type emulsion chamber. (Yoshimori, M.)

  20. Avaliação da preferência alimentar em modelo de poliartrite induzida por colágeno

    OpenAIRE

    Eduarda Correa Freitas

    2014-01-01

    Introdução: Artrite reumatoide é uma doença inflamatória crônica associada a alterações no metabolismo proteico e energético. Objetivos: Investigar a preferência alimentar durante o desenvolvimento da inflamação crônica em ratas com artrite induzida por colágeno. Métodos: Ratas Wistar fêmeas foram alocadas em dois grupos: controle (CO, n=10) e artrite induzida por colágeno (CIA; n=11) e expostas simultaneamente a quatro diferentes dietas (padrão, hipercalórica, hiperlipidica e hiperproteica)....

  1. Family and Friends: Which Types of Personal Relationships Go Together in a Network?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rözer, Jesper; Mollenhorst, Gerald; Poortman, Anne-Rigt

    We examine the link between family and personal networks. Using arguments about meeting opportunities, competition and social influence, we hypothesise how the presence of specific types of family members (i.e., a partner, children, parents and siblings) and non-family members (i.e., friends, neighbours and colleagues) in the network mutually affect one another. In addition, we propose that-beyond their mere presence-the active role of family members in the network strongly affects the presence of non-family members in the network. Data from the third wave of the Survey on the Social Networks of the Dutch, collected in 2012 and 2013, show that active involvement is of key importance; more than merely having family members present in one's personal network, the active involvement of specific types of family members in the personal network is associated with having disproportionally more other family members and having somewhat fewer non-family members in the network.

  2. Relationship between body mass index and family functioning, family communication, family type and parenting style among African migrant parents and children in Victoria, Australia: a parent-child dyad study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S. Cyril

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Although childhood obesity prevalence is stabilised in developed countries including Australia, it is continuing to rise among migrants and socially disadvantaged groups in these countries. African migrants and refugees in particular, are at high risk of obesity due to changes in their family dynamics. The aim of this study was to examine the difference between children and parental perception of family functioning, family communication, family type and parenting styles and their relationship with body mass index. Methods A cross-sectional parent-child dyad study was conducted among 284 African families from migrant and refugee backgrounds living in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Bilingual workers were trained to collect demographic, anthropometric and questionnaire data on family functioning, parenting, family type and family communication. Results Parents and children reported different levels of family dynamics. Children reported a higher prevalence of poor family functioning (61.5 %, 95 % CI: 55.6, 67.2 versus 56.8 %, 95 % CI: 49.7, 61.6 and protective family type (29 %, 95 % CI: 23.9, 34.5 vs. 13.4 %, 95 % CI: 9.9, 17.9, but a lower prevalence of authoritative parenting style (51.6 %, 95 % CI: 45.7, 57.5 vs. 63 %, 95 % CI: 57.5, 68.8 than parents. There was a positive relationship between poor family functioning and child BMI both before (β = 1.28; 95 % CI: 0.14, 2.41; p < 0.05 and after (β = 1.73; 95 % CI: 0.53, 2.94; p < 0.001 controlling for confounders, and an inverse relationship between consensual family type and child BMI after adjustment (β = −1.92; 95 % CI: −3.59, −0.24; p < 0.05. There was no significant relationship between parental BMI and family functioning, communication, family type or parenting style. Conclusion Children’s perception of poor family functioning was associated with childhood obesity. Family interventions to reduce childhood obesity need

  3. Relationship between body mass index and family functioning, family communication, family type and parenting style among African migrant parents and children in Victoria, Australia: a parent-child dyad study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cyril, S; Halliday, J; Green, J; Renzaho, A M N

    2016-08-03

    Although childhood obesity prevalence is stabilised in developed countries including Australia, it is continuing to rise among migrants and socially disadvantaged groups in these countries. African migrants and refugees in particular, are at high risk of obesity due to changes in their family dynamics. The aim of this study was to examine the difference between children and parental perception of family functioning, family communication, family type and parenting styles and their relationship with body mass index. A cross-sectional parent-child dyad study was conducted among 284 African families from migrant and refugee backgrounds living in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Bilingual workers were trained to collect demographic, anthropometric and questionnaire data on family functioning, parenting, family type and family communication. Parents and children reported different levels of family dynamics. Children reported a higher prevalence of poor family functioning (61.5 %, 95 % CI: 55.6, 67.2 versus 56.8 %, 95 % CI: 49.7, 61.6) and protective family type (29 %, 95 % CI: 23.9, 34.5 vs. 13.4 %, 95 % CI: 9.9, 17.9), but a lower prevalence of authoritative parenting style (51.6 %, 95 % CI: 45.7, 57.5 vs. 63 %, 95 % CI: 57.5, 68.8) than parents. There was a positive relationship between poor family functioning and child BMI both before (β = 1.28; 95 % CI: 0.14, 2.41; p parental BMI and family functioning, communication, family type or parenting style. Children's perception of poor family functioning was associated with childhood obesity. Family interventions to reduce childhood obesity need to adopt an intergenerational approach to promote a clear understanding of family dynamics between children and parents. Unless these intergenerational challenges associated with family dynamics are clearly addressed in obesity interventions, current obesity prevention initiatives will continue to widen the childhood obesity gap in Australia.

  4. Batimetría, salinidad, temperatura y oxígeno disuelto en aguas del Parque Nacional Marino Ballena, Pacífico, Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan José Alvarado

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio sobre la batimetría del PNMB y del comportamiento de la temperatura, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto y porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno entre setiembre 2003 y abril 2005. El parque posee una profundidad promedio de 14.97± 9.11m y una profundidad máxima detectada de 37.33m. La sección interna de la bahía es poco profunda, no alcanzando más de 20m de profundidad, mientras que en la parte externa la pendiente es más pronunciada, alcanzando rápidamente los 37 m. A lo largo del estudio, los valores promedio superficiales de salinidad fueron de 29.1±4.3‰, de temperatura 29.7±1.3ºC, de concentración de oxígeno disuelto 6.7±1.3mg/l, y del porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno 115.6±22.1%. Entre las estaciones interna y externa solo se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la salinidad y la temperatura por profundidad, como producto de la época lluviosa. Los valores más bajos de salinidad y temperatura se observaron para la época lluviosa y los más altos en la época seca, mientras que los valores de oxígeno disuelto y porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno presentaron un incremento continuo a través del tiempo. La similitud entre las estaciones y el hecho de haber encontrado diferencias significativas solamente entre la salinidad y la temperatura en cuanto a la profundidad, hacen pensar que a lo largo del tiempo las aguas del parque se comportan de manera muy similar y que es una zona muy dinámica y homogénea con corrientes lo suficientemente fuertes para mezclar la columna de agua del parque. El PNMB es una zona muy productiva debido a los altos valores de saturación de oxígeno observados a lo largo del tiempo (120%. Esto hace pensar que existen condiciones apropiadas para el desarrollo del fitoplancton, zooplancton y otros grupos tróficos.

  5. Coexistent Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus neuropathies in a Chinese family

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A-ping Sun

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A is caused by duplication of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22 gene on chromosome 17. It is the most common inherited demyelinating neuropathy. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder that frequently causes predominantly sensory neuropathy. In this study, we report the occurrence of CMT1A in a Chinese family affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this family, seven individuals had duplication of the PMP22 gene, although only four had clinical features of polyneuropathy. All CMT1A patients with a clinical phenotype also presented with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The other three individuals had no signs of CMT1A or type 2 diabetes mellitus. We believe that there may be a genetic link between these two diseases.

  6. Reprodutibilidade e estabilidade de antígenos preparados de culturas de Trypanosoma cruzi para reações de fixação do complemento

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    José Oliveira de Almeida

    1978-12-01

    Full Text Available Antígenos preparados de culturas de Trypanosoma cruzi foram experimentados com um sôro chagásico de referência, em reações quantitativas de fixação do complemento. Quatro deles foram liofilizados em pequenos volumes e mantidos em geladeira. Um outro foi mantido em estado líquido, com az ida sódica e a 3-6º C. Os títulos do complexo-imune, em termos de sôro ou de antígeno foram determinados como a inclinação da linha de regressão traçada quando se projetam as quantidades de complexo (em termos de sôro ou de antígeno necessárias para 50% de hemólise contra o número de unidades de complemento usadas na reação. Dividindo-se o título do antígeno pelo título do sôro, obtem-se um índice de reatividade específica (I.R.E., que informa sobre a reprodutibilidade e estabilidade do antígeno. Examinando os antígenos, de frascos colhidos ao acaso, verificou-se que os antígenos B.W. 89 e CDC 10-75 apresentaram um I.R.E. com pequena diferença entre as amostras, enquanto maior variação foi observada com os antígenos B.W. 105 e 760130. Antígenos reconstituídose mantidos em geladeira, até oito meses, perdiam lentamente sua capacidade reativa, com exceção do antígeno B.W. 89 e CDC 10-75. Os dados sugerem que o uso de antígenos de para reações de fixação do complemento devem ser empregados quando reconstituídos, evitando-se sua manutenção em estado líquido, pela queda do seu poder fixador.Antigens prepared from cultures of Trypanosoma cruzi were tested by the quantitative complemento fixation test, with a Chagasic reference serum. The titer was computed as the slope of the linear relatioship between antigen (or serum required for 50% hemolysis and the amount of complement present. When the antigen titer was divided by the serum titer, an index of specific reactivity was obtained. From the values of this index the reprodutibility of antigens was evaluated and also the decay of the capacity of the reativity against

  7. Frecuencia fenotípica y génica de los antígenos HLA en una muestra de la población cubana

    OpenAIRE

    Morera Barrios, Luz M; R, Catalino; García, Ustáriz; García García, María A.; Díaz Báez, Nelioska; Lam Díaz, Rosa M; Guerreiro Hernández, Ana M; Hernández Ramírez, Porfirio; Ballester Santovenia, José M

    2005-01-01

    Se realizó un estudio de la frecuencia fenotípica y génica de los antígenos del sistema principal de histocompatibilidad HLA en personas no relacionadas, supuestamente sanas, tomadas como muestra de la población cubana. Se analizó la distribución de 87 antígenos HLA clase I ( loci A, B y C) y 25 clase II ( loci DR y DQ). Se emplearon las técnicas de microlinfocitotoxicidad (serológica) descrita por Terasaki y modificada por el NIH para los antígenos de clase I, y las técnicas de biología mole...

  8. APLICACIÓN DE LA ESPECTROFOTOMETRÍA ULTRAVIOLETA PARA DETERMINAR EL OXÍGENO DISUELTO EN AGUA POR EL MÉTODO WINKLER

    OpenAIRE

    Ramírez T., Gustavo

    1992-01-01

    Se utilizó la espectrofotometría ultravioleta en reemplazo de la titulación convencional con tiosulfato de sodio para determinar el oxígeno disuelto en aguas naturales por el método Winkler. La determinación del oxígeno en aguas de diferente salinidad (Río Manzanares, Ciénaga Grande y Bahía de Santa Marta) no mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas (p

  9. Comparison of children's self-reports of depressive symptoms among different family interaction types in northern Taiwan

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yen Lee-Lan

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Previous research has shown that family interactions are associated with depressive symptoms in children. However, detailed classifications of family interaction types have not been studied thoroughly. This study aims to understand the types of family interactions children experience and to identify the specific types of family interactions that are associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms in children. Methods Data used in the study was collected as part of the Child and Adolescent Behavior in Long term Evolution (CABLE project in 2003. CABLE is a longitudinal cohort study that commenced in 2001 and collects data annually from children in Taipei city and Hsinchu county in northern Taiwan. The data analyzed in this study was that obtained from the sixth graders (aged 11 to 12 years old in 2003. Of the 2,449 sixth graders, 51.2% were boys and 48.8% were girls. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to investigate the types of family interactions. One way ANOVA was used to establish the relationship between family interaction types and children's self-reports of depressive symptoms. Results Based on the results of factor analysis, the latent factors for family interactions included supporting activities, psychological control, parental discipline, behavioral supervision, and family conflict. After conducting cluster analysis using factor scores, four types of family interactions were revealed: supervised (29.66%, disciplined (13.56%, nurtured (40.96% and conflict (15.82%. Children from the disciplined or conflict families were more likely to report depressive symptoms. Children from the nurtured families were least likely to report depressive symptoms. Conclusion Family interactions can be classified into four different types, which are related to children's self-reports of depressive symptoms. The creation of a family interaction environment that is beneficial for children's mental health is an important

  10. Early Family System Types Predict Children's Emotional Attention Biases at School Age

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lindblom, Jallu; Peltola, Mikko J.; Vänskä, Mervi; Hietanen, Jari K.; Laakso, Anu; Tiitinen, Aila; Tulppala, Maija; Punamäki, Raija-Leena

    2017-01-01

    The family environment shapes children's social information processing and emotion regulation. Yet, the long-term effects of early family systems have rarely been studied. This study investigated how family system types predict children's attentional biases toward facial expressions at the age of 10 years. The participants were 79 children from…

  11. Eliminación de patógenos en biosólidos por estabilización alcalina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silva Leal Jorge Antonio

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available La Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Cañaveralejo –PTAR-C de Cali– Colombia, produce alrededor de 100 t/día de biosólidos que, aunque no tienen restricción por metales pesados, son clase B por el nivel de microorganismos patógenos y parásitos. En un diseño completamente al azar, conformado por seis tratamientos con su respectivo duplicado, se evaluó la estabilización alcalina con dosis del 9% peso a peso de cal viva e hidratada, aplicada a pilas de 0.5 t de biosólidos húmedos (66.5% y secos a temperatura ambiente (25 - 31°C durante 72 h (humedad 50.1%. Con la estabilización alcalina el pH aumentó a valores superiores a 12 unidades durante el tiempo suficiente para garantizar la reducción de patógenos y parásitos, alcanzando un material clase A; sin embargo, el biosólido seco facilitó la formación de grumos que dificultaron las labores de homogenización del sustrato con los alcalinizantes, factor indeseable para la eficiente reducción de patógenos.

  12. Eliminación de patógenos en biosólidos por estabilización alcalina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Torres Lozada

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available La Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Cañaveralejo -PTAR-C de Cali- Colombia, produce alrededor de 100 t/día de biosólidos que, aunque no tienen restricción por metales pesados, son clase B por el nivel de microorganismos patógenos y parásitos. En un diseño completamente al azar, conformado por seis tratamientos con su respectivo duplicado, se evaluó la estabilización alcalina con dosis del 9% peso a peso de cal viva e hidratada, aplicada a pilas de 0.5 t de biosólidos húmedos (66.5% y secos a temperatura ambiente (25 - 31°C durante 72 h (humedad 50.1%. Con la estabilización alcalina el pH aumentó a valores superiores a 12 unidades durante el tiempo suficiente para garantizar la reducción de patógenos y parásitos, alcanzando un material clase A; sin embargo, el biosólido seco facilitó la formación de grumos que dificultaron las labores de homogenización del sustrato con los alcalinizantes, factor indeseable para la eficiente reducción de patógenos.

  13. Nitrógeno en aguas residuales: orígenes, efectos y mecanismos de remoción para preservar el ambiente y la salud pública

    OpenAIRE

    Cárdenas Calvachi, Gloria Lucia; Sánchez Ortiz, Iván Andrés

    2013-01-01

    El tratamiento de aguas residuales (AR), centrado tradicionalmente en la remoción de sólidos, patógenos y materia orgánica, ha puesto especial interés en la remoción de nutrientes, principalmente del nitrógeno debido a las consecuencias ambientales y sanitarias de su presencia en el recurso hídrico como aumento de la acidez, eutrofización y toxicidad de los ecosistemas acuáticos, que afectan sobrevivencia, crecimiento y capacidad reproductiva de algunos animales. Ciertas formas de nitrógeno e...

  14. Producción de hidrógeno a partir del tratamiento anaerobio de vinazas en un reactor UASB

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César González-Ugalde

    2014-09-01

    Bajo condiciones mesofílicas (37 °C, un pH de operación de aproximadamente 5,50, una concentración del sustrato de 20 000 mg DQO/L y un tiempo de retención hidráulica (TRH de seis horas, la producción promedio de hidrógeno obtenida en el reactor UASB fue de 1,68 mL H2/h/L, con una tasa máxima de 13,4 mL H2/h/L. El porcentaje de remoción de DQO en el proceso de fermentación alcanzó valores máximos del 43%, con un promedio cercano al 20%. Tanto la producción de hidrógeno como la remoción de DQO presentaron una dependencia inversamente proporcional al TRH. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio demuestran que la fermentación anaerobia en un reactor UASB abre la posibilidad de utilizar las vinazas para producir hidrógeno molecular de forma sostenible.

  15. Protein homology network families reveal step-wise diversification of Type III and Type IV secretion systems.

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    Duccio Medini

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available From the analysis of 251 prokaryotic genomes stored in public databases, the 761,260 deduced proteins were used to reconstruct a complete set of bacterial proteic families. Using the new Overlap algorithm, we have partitioned the Protein Homology Network (PHN, where the proteins are the nodes and the links represent homology relationships. The algorithm identifies the densely connected regions of the PHN that define the families of homologous proteins, here called PHN-Families, recognizing the phylogenetic relationships embedded in the network. By direct comparison with a manually curated dataset, we assessed that this classification algorithm generates data of quality similar to a human expert. Then, we explored the network to identify families involved in the assembly of Type III and Type IV secretion systems (T3SS and T4SS. We noticed that, beside a core of conserved functions (eight proteins for T3SS, seven for T4SS, a variable set of accessory components is always present (one to nine for T3SS, one to five for T4SS. Each member of the core corresponds to a single PHN-Family, while accessory proteins are distributed among different pure families. The PHN-Family classification suggests that T3SS and T4SS have been assembled through a step-wise, discontinuous process, by complementing the conserved core with subgroups of nonconserved proteins. Such genetic modules, independently recruited and probably tuned on specific effectors, contribute to the functional specialization of these organelles to different microenvironments.

  16. Estudio del daño por hidrógeno en uniones soldadas de un acero API 5L X52

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Réquiz, R.

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available The main objective of the present investigation was to study the susceptibility to hydrogen damage on a type API 5L X52 steel welded by electrical resistance. Several techniques, such as hydrogen permeation and cathodic charging were used. The metallic material was characterized using SEM and TEM. The base metal microstructure was very similar to that one corresponding to the welded area. This microstructure was mainly comprised by ferrite and perlite, differing only in the grain size. Therefore, the susceptibility to hydrogen damage was similar in both cases. It is worth mentioning that the welded area has very small dimensions. Indeed, the fusion zone is only 5 mm wide while the heat affected zone is 1 mm wide. The hydrogen damage observed was mainly in the form of blisters, which were associated to the presence of aluminum rich inclusions. Also, it was noticed partial inclusion dissolution and some matrix attack adjacent to the inclusions.

    En la presente investigación se estudió la susceptibilidad al daño por hidrógeno en un acero API 5L X52 soldado por resistencia eléctrica. Para ello, se emplearon técnicas de permeación y de carga catódica de hidrógeno. El material fue caracterizado mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido y de transmisión. La susceptibilidad al daño por hidrógeno fue similar tanto en el metal base como en el cordón de soldadura. Este comportamiento se vincula a la microestructura homogénea constituida por perlita y ferrita, que presentan ambos, aun cuando existen diferencias en el tamaño de grano. El cordón de soldadura tenía dimensiones muy pequeñas, donde la zona de fusión y la afectada por el calor poseen espesores de 5 mm y 1 mm, respectivamente. El daño inducido por hidrógeno se presentó en forma de ampollas en la superficie del material, asociado, principalmente, a la presencia de inclusiones globulares y semiglobulares ricas en aluminio. Además, se manifestó una disoluci

  17. Two families from New England with usher syndrome type IC with distinct haplotypes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    DeAngelis, M M; McGee, T L; Keats, B J; Slim, R; Berson, E L; Dryja, T P

    2001-03-01

    To search for patients with Usher syndrome type IC among those with Usher syndrome type I who reside in New England. Genotype analysis of microsatellite markers closely linked to the USH1C locus was done using the polymerase chain reaction. We compared the haplotype of our patients who were homozygous in the USH1C region with the haplotypes found in previously reported USH1C Acadian families who reside in southwestern Louisiana and from a single family residing in Lebanon. Of 46 unrelated cases of Usher syndrome type I residing in New England, two were homozygous at genetic markers in the USH1C region. Of these, one carried the Acadian USH1C haplotype and had Acadian ancestors (that is, from Nova Scotia) who did not participate in the 1755 migration of Acadians to Louisiana. The second family had a haplotype that proved to be the same as that of a family with USH1C residing in Lebanon. Each of the two families had haplotypes distinct from the other. This is the first report that some patients residing in New England have Usher syndrome type IC. Patients with Usher syndrome type IC can have the Acadian haplotype or the Lebanese haplotype compatible with the idea that at least two independently arising pathogenic mutations have occurred in the yet-to-be identified USH1C gene.

  18. Acumulación y concentración de nitrógeno, fosforo y potasio en Gypsophila paniculata L. cv. perfecta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Medina Gladys Adriana

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available

    family: ">Sobre las necesidades nutricionales de G. paniculata L. bajo condiciones de invernadero en la Sabana de Bogotá, no existe suficiente información publicada. Por lo tanto, teniendo en cuenta la importancia de esta especie para el sector floricultor, el presente trabajo pretende determinar las concentraciones y la acumulación de nitrógeno, fosforo y potasio en todos los órganos de la planta a lo largo del ciclo de vida. De tal forma, que ello permita ampliar cl conocimiento bio1ogico de la especie y contribuir a la realizaci6n de ajustes en los programas de fertilización.

    family: "> 

    family: ">Palabras claves:family: "> Nutrición, macronutrientes, flores de corte.

    family: "> 

  19. Supportive and non-supportive interactions in families with a type 2 diabetes patient

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bennich, Birgitte B; Røder, Michael E; Overgaard, Dorthe

    2017-01-01

    changes and diabetes self-management. The purpose of this integrative review was to summarise and assess published studies on the intra-family perspective of supportive and non-supportive interactions in families with a type 2 diabetes patient. METHODS: Included in the review were published qualitative......BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes and its management affect the patient and the close family potentially causing either psychological distress or increased sense of responsibility and collaboration in these families. Interactions between patient and family play an important role in maintaining lifestyle...... of reference lists. Quality assessment, data extraction and analysis were undertaken on all included studies. RESULTS: We identified five eligible research papers. Employing content analysis three categories describing interactions were refined: Impact of practical action, impact of emotional involvement...

  20. The role of family nutritional support in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Watanabe, Koin; Kurose, Takeshi; Kitatani, Naomi; Yabe, Daisuke; Hishizawa, Masahiro; Hyo, Takanori; Seino, Yutaka

    2010-01-01

    We investigated the role of family support in glycemic control by nutritional self-care behavior of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. One hundred twelve Japanese out-patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited for the study at Kansai Electric Power Hospital. Interviews were conducted and HbA1c and triglyceride levels were measured. HbA1c levels were significantly related to family nutritional support. Patients under 60 years old with family nutritional support showed significantly lower HbA1c than patients without family support (p1 week) showed similar outcomes in glycemic control. Patients who appreciate the support and follow the advice showed lower HbA1c (6.88 +/- 0.22%) than (7.43 +/- 0.23%) patients who appreciate the advice but sometimes feel emotional barriers. Family nutritional support is useful in improving metabolic outcome of diabetic patients. Self-care practice in disease management should be carefully adjusted to the family setting of type 2 diabetic patients. Emotional barriers to family support may affect the metabolic consequences, especially in the Japanese elderly.

  1. [The child from families with type 1 diabetes].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wasikowa, Renata; Suchańska, Dorota; Suchańska, Danuta; Basiak, Aleksander; Noczyńska, Anna; Stasińska, Teresa

    2005-01-01

    Diabetes type 1 is observed in individuals with a genetic predisposition to the disease. Observed is a 3-5 fold risk for congenital defects, therefore diabetes type 1 is one of the highest known teratogenic risk factor. The main factor responsible for the development of congenital defects is hyperglycemia. Observed are congenital defects of the central nervous system, the bones, urinary and digestive tract. Characteristic is macrosomia. Observed are hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, polycythemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, respiratory disturbances. Children from families with diabetes type 1 are at high risk for the development of the disease in the newborn period, additional diseases. They must be in permanent medical control.

  2. Psychological adjustment of Yoruba adolescents as influenced by family type: a research note.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oyefeso, A O; Adegoke, A R

    1992-05-01

    This research examines the influence of family type on the psychological adjustment of Yoruba adolescents. Using a sample of 116 adolescents, 69 males and 47 females, with mean age of 17.8 years of age (S.D. = 1.72), the results reveal that male adolescents from monogamous families experience better psychological adjustment than their polygynous counterparts, whereas no such difference exists in the levels of psychological adjustment of female adolescents from both family types. These findings suggest that (i) sex-role prescription influences psychological adjustment of adolescents in Yoruba societies, and (ii) female children enjoy more protective upbringing in polygynous families than their male counterparts.

  3. Control de un sistema fotovoltaico con asistencia de red para la producción de hidrógeno

    OpenAIRE

    García Clúa, José Gabriel; Inthamoussou, Fernando Ariel; Cendoya, Marcelo G.; Mantz, Ricardo J.; De Battista, Hernán

    2013-01-01

    La capacidad de almacenamiento y transporte de energía de alta calidad hace del hidrógeno un excelente vector energético. Debido a que no se encuentra naturalmente aislado, este elemento requiere una determinada cantidad de energía para su extracción de diversas fuentes, las cuales se pueden clasificar en combustibles fósiles, biomasa o agua. Entre los diversos métodos de producción de hidrógeno existentes se destaca la electrólisis del agua, cuya principal ventaja es que admite la energía el...

  4. What's for dinner? Types of food served at family dinner differ across parent and family characteristics.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne; MacLehose, Rich; Loth, Katie; Fulkerson, Jayne A; Eisenberg, Marla E; Berge, Jerica

    2014-01-01

    To examine the types of food served at family dinner in the homes of adolescents and correlations with parent and family sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial factors and meal-specific variables. A cross-sectional population-based survey completed by mail or telephone by parents participating in Project F-EAT (Families and Eating and Activity in Teens) in 2009-2010. Homes of families with adolescents in Minneapolis/St. Paul urban area, MN, USA. Participants included 1923 parents/guardians (90·8% female; 68·5% from ethnic/racial minorities) of adolescents who participated in EAT 2010. Less than a third (28%) of parents reported serving a green salad at family dinner on a regular basis, but 70% reported regularly serving vegetables (other than potatoes). About one-fifth (21%) of families had fast food at family dinners two or more times per week. Variables from within the sociodemographic domain (low educational attainment) psychosocial domain (high work-life stress, depressive symptoms, low family functioning) and meal-specific domain (low value of family meals, low enjoyment of cooking, low meal planning, high food purchasing barriers and fewer hours in food preparation) were associated with lower healthfulness of foods served at family dinners, in analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. There is a need for interventions to improve the healthfulness of food served at family meals. Interventions need to be suitable for parents with low levels of education; take parent and family psychosocial factors into account; promote more positive attitudes toward family meals; and provide skills to make it easier to plan and prepare healthful family meals.

  5. Producción de biohidrógeno a partir de residuos mediante fermentación oscura: una revisión crítica (1993-2011

    OpenAIRE

    Blanco Londoño,Sergio Andrés; Rodríguez Chaparro,Tatiana

    2012-01-01

    El hidrógeno es una energía atractiva debido a su alto contenido energético y combustión amigable. Entre los diferentes mecanismos existentes para la producción de hidrógeno, la fermentación oscura es uno de los más interesantes debido a que se aprovechan residuos como materia prima. Actualmente, la investigación en hidrógeno se encuentra en desarrollo, sin embargo, los resultados no han sido concluyentes, existiendo aún un vacío en los factores que se deben tener en cuenta y sobre todo no se...

  6. Types of work-family interface: well-being correlates of negative and positive spillover between work and family.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kinnunen, Ulla; Feldt, Taru; Geurts, Sabine; Pulkkinen, Lea

    2006-04-01

    The aim of the present study was to test the structure of the work-family interface measure, which was intended to take into account both the positive and negative spillover between work and family demands in both directions. In addition, the links among the types of work-family spillover and the subjects' general and domain-specific well-being were examined. The sample (n = 202) consisted of Finnish employees, aged 42, who had a spouse/partner. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a four-factor model, including negative work-to-family spillover, negative family-to-work spillover, positive work-to-family spillover, and positive family-to-work spillover, was superior compared to the other factor models examined. Path analysis showed, as hypothesized, that the negative work-to-family spillover was most strongly related to low well-being at work (job exhaustion) and next strongly to low general well-being (psychological distress), whereas the negative family-to-work spillover was associated with low well-being in the domain of family (marital dissatisfaction). Positive work-to-family spillover was positively related both to well-being at work and general well-being. Inconsistent with our expectations, positive family-to-work spillover was not directly related to any of the well-being indicators examined.

  7. Microorganismos patógenos y potencialmente patógenos en secreciones genitales de gestantes a término asociados a complicaciones posnatales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tania Castellanos Medina

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: tanto las infecciones puerperales como las neonatales precoces reflejan probablemente los microorganismos que están presentes en la vagina en el período cercano al parto. Objetivo: establecer la relación entre los microorganismos identificados en las secreciones genitales de las gestantes a término y el desarrollo de sepsis neonatal y puerperal, así como vincular dichas complicaciones con los agentes diagnosticados. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal y prospectivo en los servicios de microbiología, obstetricia, perinatología y neonatología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. "Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso", de Santiago de Cuba, desde julio de 2009 hasta marzo de 2010. Se identificaron microorganismos en 179 muestras cervicovaginales, las cuales fueron procesadas en el laboratorio de microbiología según las normas vigentes. Resultados: los microorganismos más identificados resultaron los géneros Mycoplasmas y Chlamydias (78,2 y 69,3%, respectivamente y fueron los que con mayor frecuencia se asociaron. Un porcentaje elevado de las gestantes (67,0 %, tenía más de un agente en sus secreciones genitales. Después del parto hubo un hallazgo mayor de infecciones en el producto de la concepción (21,8 % que en las puérperas (3,9% y la mayoría de estas complicaciones se relacionaron con la presencia de 2 o más microorganismos. Conclusiones: las asociaciones de microorganismos patógenos o potencialmente patógenos en las secreciones genitales de embarazadas a término, aumentan el riesgo de complicaciones posnatales.

  8. Parathyroid mitogenic activity in plasma from patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brandi, M.L.; Aurbach, G.D.; Fitzpatrick, L.A.; Quarto, R.; Spiegel, A.M.; Bliziotes, M.M.; Norton, J.A.; Doppman, J.L.; Marx, S.J.

    1986-01-01

    Hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands is a central feature of familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. We used cultured bovine parathyroid cells to test for mitogenic activity in plasma from patients with this disorder. Normal plasma stimulated [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation, on the average, to the same extent as it was stimulated in a plasma-free control culture. This contrasted with the results of the tests with plasma from patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, in which parathyroid mitogenic activity increased 2400 percent over the control value (P less than 0.001). Plasma from these patients also stimulated the proliferation of bovine parathyroid cells in culture, whereas plasma from normal subjects inhibited it. Parathyroid mitogenic activity in plasma from the patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 was greater than that in plasma from patients with various other disorders, including sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (with adenoma, hyperplasia, or cancer of the parathyroid), sporadic primary hypergastrinemia, sporadic pituitary tumor, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (P less than 0.05). Parathyroid mitogenic activity in the plasma of patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 persisted for up to four years after total parathyroidectomy. The plasma also had far more mitogenic activity in cultures of parathyroid cells than did optimal concentrations of known growth factors or of any parathyroid secretagogue. This mitogenic activity had an apparent molecular weight of 50,000 to 55,000. We conclude that primary hyperparathyroidism in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 may have a humoral cause

  9. Relationship between family support and quality of life of type-2 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 250 adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was carried out over twenty (20) weeks. Respondents' family support was measured using Perceived Social Support – Family Scale {PSS- Fa}, while their quality of life was measured using the short version of the World Health ...

  10. Estrógenos, envejecimiento y enfermedad de Alzheimer Estrogens, aging and Alzheimer's dosiase

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fabio Sánchez E.

    1999-03-01

    Full Text Available El posible papel protector que ejercen los estrógenos en el envejecimiento y en la prevención de la enfermedad de Alzheimer es un tema de mucho interés y de investigación hoy en día. Existen evidencias de que la merma en la producción de estrógenos después de la menopausia está asociada con deterioro cognitivo que puede subsanarse o prevenirse con el uso de terapia de sustitución hormonal. Algunos estudios han concluido, además, que la terapia de sustitución hormonal con estrógenos se relaciona con disminución del riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad de Alzheimer o, por lo menos, con un retardo en su inicio. Otros estudios clínicos evidencian, aunque de manera preliminar, que los estrógenos pueden mejorar las funciones cognitivas en mujeres con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Sin embargo, estas evidencias no son suficientes aún para recomendar el uso indiscriminado de estrógenos en todas las mujeres postmenopáusicas ni en las afectadas por demencia. Habrá que esperar los resultados del estudio prospectivo WHI-MS que analizará los efectos de la terapia de sustitución hormonal sobre el desarrollo de la demencia en una gran población femenina. Este estudio los definirá a más tardar en unos 7 años. Ante una enfermedad incurable como la de Alzheimer, cualquier terapia que ofrezca un retardo en la edad de aparición, que reduzca su severidad o la velocidad de progresión o produzca mejoría en la calidad de vida, se convierte de hecho en asunto de interés para todos los afectados y para la comunidad científica que estudia este trastorno. The possible protective role of estrogens in aging and Alzheimer‘s disease, is presently a subject of considerable interest and research. There are evidences that decreased estrogen production after menopause is associated with cognitive deterioration that can be prevented or corrected with hormonal substitution therapy (HST. Some studies have concluded that HST with estrogens is related with a

  11. Family-Work Conflict and Type-E Personality as Stress Inducers in Married Female Nigerian University Administrators

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shobola, A. A.; Nwoha, P. C.

    2013-01-01

    This piece of article is culled from a larger study. The study investigated the relationship between family-work conflict, Type-E personality and stress in married female Nigerian University Administrators. The study adopted ex-post facto design. The sample consisted of 800 female administrators in the senior cadre of executive/administrative…

  12. Association between Cognitive Distortion, Type D Personality, Family Environment, and Depression in Chinese Adolescents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yong Zhang

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Purpose. Depression prevalence and risk increase among adolescents are related to biological, psychosocial, and cultural factors. Little is known about the association between cognitive distortion, type D personality, family environment, and depression. The aim of this paper was to examine the relationships of cognitive distortion, type D personality, family environment, and depression in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Methods. A sample of Chinese adolescents with depression and the controls were investigated cross-sectionally with life orientation test-revised (LOT-R, type D personality Scale-14 (DS14, family environment scale (FES, and Zung self-depression scale (SDS; respectively, all scales were administered in Chinese. Results. Chinese-depressed adolescents showed more cognitive distortion, type D personality, and adverse family environment than control groups. Furthermore, lower level of Optimism, negative affectivity, and poor family cohesion may increase the risk of depression in Chinese adolescents. Conclusions. Our study indicates that lower level of Optimism, Negative Affectivity, and poor Family Cohesion factors were implicated to contribute to depression in Chinese adolescents. Lower level of optimism and negative affectivity may be crucial associated factors of depression among these samples. our findings pointed to the importance of broad screening and intervention of vulnerable population.

  13. GenoMycDB: a database for comparative analysis of mycobacterial genes and genomes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Catanho, Marcos; Mascarenhas, Daniel; Degrave, Wim; Miranda, Antonio Basílio de

    2006-03-31

    Several databases and computational tools have been created with the aim of organizing, integrating and analyzing the wealth of information generated by large-scale sequencing projects of mycobacterial genomes and those of other organisms. However, with very few exceptions, these databases and tools do not allow for massive and/or dynamic comparison of these data. GenoMycDB (http://www.dbbm.fiocruz.br/GenoMycDB) is a relational database built for large-scale comparative analyses of completely sequenced mycobacterial genomes, based on their predicted protein content. Its central structure is composed of the results obtained after pair-wise sequence alignments among all the predicted proteins coded by the genomes of six mycobacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strains H37Rv and CDC1551), M. bovis AF2122/97, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis K10, M. leprae TN, and M. smegmatis MC2 155. The database stores the computed similarity parameters of every aligned pair, providing for each protein sequence the predicted subcellular localization, the assigned cluster of orthologous groups, the features of the corresponding gene, and links to several important databases. Tables containing pairs or groups of potential homologs between selected species/strains can be produced dynamically by user-defined criteria, based on one or multiple sequence similarity parameters. In addition, searches can be restricted according to the predicted subcellular localization of the protein, the DNA strand of the corresponding gene and/or the description of the protein. Massive data search and/or retrieval are available, and different ways of exporting the result are offered. GenoMycDB provides an on-line resource for the functional classification of mycobacterial proteins as well as for the analysis of genome structure, organization, and evolution.

  14. New families of interpolating type IIB backgrounds

    Science.gov (United States)

    Minasian, Ruben; Petrini, Michela; Zaffaroni, Alberto

    2010-04-01

    We construct new families of interpolating two-parameter solutions of type IIB supergravity. These correspond to D3-D5 systems on non-compact six-dimensional manifolds which are mathbb{T}2 fibrations over Eguchi-Hanson and multi-center Taub-NUT spaces, respectively. One end of the interpolation corresponds to a solution with only D5 branes and vanishing NS three-form flux. A topology changing transition occurs at the other end, where the internal space becomes a direct product of the four-dimensional surface and the two-torus and the complexified NS-RR three-form flux becomes imaginary self-dual. Depending on the choice of the connections on the torus fibre, the interpolating family has either mathcal{N}=2 or mathcal{N}=1 supersymmetry. In the mathcal{N}=2 case it can be shown that the solutions are regular.

  15. Quantification of left ventricular myocardial collagen system in children, young adults, and the elderly Cuantificación del sistema de colágeno del ventrículo izquierdo del miocardio en niños, adultos jóvenes y ancianos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Bogoslavsky Levy Mendes

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available Studies on the collagen system of the human myocardium are still limited compared to those on small laboratory animals. The aim of this work was to observe the collagen tissue of the myocardium of the human heart as a function of age. The types of collagen, as well as the density of collagen tissue and the diameter of collagen fibrils, were examined. Fragments of the left ventricular wall from 15 hearts, 5 from children, 5 from young adults, and 5 from elderly individuals, were analyzed by using the Picrosirius-polarization method and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM. The results showed the presence of collagen type III and collagen type I, both in the endomysium and perimysium of the 3 groups studied. Measurements of collagen content in myocardial tissue displayed that both endomysial and perimysial collagen increase in number and thickness in the adult and elderly. These histochemical results coincided with the observations obtained with the electron microscope in showing an increase in the number of collagen fibrils with a large diameter in the adult and elderly hearts. The present results on cardiac collagen may be important for assessing the pathogenesis of several cardiopathies in the hearts of children, young adults, and the elderly.Los estudios sobre el colágeno del miocardio humano son aún escasos en comparación con los hechos en pequeños animales de laboratorio. El objetivo de este trabajo fue cuantificar el tejido colágeno del miocardio del corazón humano en función de la edad. Se estudiaron los tipos de colágeno, su densidad y el diámetro de las fibrillas de colágeno. Para esto se utilizaron fragmentos de la pared del ventrículo izquierdo de 15 corazones, cinco de niños, cinco de adultos jóvenes y 5 de personas de edad avanzada. Las muestras se analizaron mediante el método de Picrosirius-polarización y por microscopía electrónica de transmisión (MET. Los resultados mostraron la presencia de colágeno tipo

  16. Cobre antimicrobiano contra patógenos intrahospitalarios en Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edwin Neciosup

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Las infecciones intrahospitalarias (IIH constituyen un problema de salud pública que generan grandes gastos por parte de los gobiernos, debido a que los patógenos causantes de IIH presentan resistencia a fármacos y generan una mayor permanencia de los pacientes, pues la infraestructura hospitalaria constituye un reservorio favorable para los patógenos. Las superficies de cobre surgen como opción sanitaria y efectiva para controlar el crecimiento y propagación de estos patógenos. Objetivos: Evaluar la actividad bactericida de las superficies de cobre contra los principales bacterias patógenas causantes de IIH (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Staphylococcus aureus. Diseño: Estudio experimental con muestreo no probabilístico. Lugar: Hospital Regional Docente las Mercedes (HRDLM y Hospital Provincial Docente Belén (HPDB, Lambayeque, Perú. Materiales: Nueve cepas bacterianas, 3 de E. coli , 3 de P. aeruginosa y 3 de S. aureus; superficies metálicas (1 cm² de cobre y acero inoxidable (control . Intervenciones: Las 9 cepas bacterianas fueron proporcionadas por los hospitales HRDLM (4 cepas y HPDB (5 cepas. Los análisis de ANOVA y de Tukey fueron aplicados para evaluar la actividad bactericida de las superficies de cobre y acero inoxidable contra las 9 cepas causantes de IIH, usando los programas estadísticos Minitab y Sigmaplot, respectivamente. Principales medidas de resultados: Diferencias en el crecimiento bacteriano sobre superficies de cobre o acero inoxidable, con respecto al tiempo de exposición. Resultados: Las 9 cepas -3 de P. aeruginosa, 3 de E. coli y 3 de S. aureus - expuestas a superficies de cobre fueron eliminadas en 10, 15 y 60 minutos, respectivamente. La carga bacteriana de las células expuestas en superficies de acero inoxidable permaneció constante y viable por periodos mayores a 60 minutos. Además, las superficies de cobre eliminaron más rápido a las bacterias Gram negativas (P

  17. Valoración de hábitos de vida saludables de los trabajadores expuestos a cancerígenos laborales de la provincia de Salamanca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús González Sánchez

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: Conocer los hábitos de vida de los trabajadores cubiertos por los servicios de prevención ajenos de la provincia de Salamanca. Comparar grupos de trabajadores expuestos y no expuestos a cancerígenos laborales. Método: Se ha realizado un estudio epidemiológico observacional, de carácter descriptivo transversal. La selección de la muestra fue mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado en los trabajadores pertenecientes a los servicios de prevención ajenos de la provincia de Salamanca. Las variables recogidas mediante cuestionario: características sociodemográficas, de exposición a cancerígenos laborales y hábitos de vida, utilizando como fuente de información las historias clínico-laborales. Resultados: Un 32% de los 835 trabajadores estudiados se encontraba expuesto a algún cancerígeno laboral. Los trabajadores expuestos a cancerígenos y que pertenecen al sector servicios refieren un mayor hábito tabáquico (44,7%, sin embargo, los trabajadores no expuestos y que pertenecen al sector agricultura y ganadería refieren un mayor consumo de alcohol (58,8%. En global, los trabajadores no expuestos a cancerígenos realizan de forma habitual una dieta equilibrada (74,6% en comparación con los trabajadores expuestos (61,8%. La realización de actividad física es similar en ambos grupos de trabajadores. Conclusiones: La exposición a cancerígenos laborales es un factor que puede influir en ciertos hábitos de vida en los trabajadores, como en el hábito tabáquico, el consumo de alcohol y la realización de dieta equilibrada de forma habitual.

  18. Actinomicetos aislados del compost y su actividad antagonista a fitopatógenos de la papa (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena Hawkes)

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez-Rojas, Fernanda; León-Quispe, Jorge; Galindo-Cabello, Nadia

    2015-01-01

    Una de las formas de control de fitopatógenos es a través del uso de microorganismos antagonistas. El compost, un producto orgánico es fuente de microorganismos capaces de producir metabolitos secundarios de interés agrícola. Se aislaron y evaluaron mediante cultivos in vitro la capacidad antagonista de 85 actinomicetos frente a fitopatógenos que afectan a Solanum tuberosum. De los aislados, 23.5% tuvieron actividad antagonista a Ralstonia solanacearum, 16.4% a Pectobacterium carotovorum, 43....

  19. [Family physician attitudes towards insulinization in type II diabetics].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Díaz-Rodríguez, M I; Sánchez-Morales, M C; Aceña-Gutiérrez, M T; Carrasco-Flores, J; Villarín-Castro, A

    2014-04-01

    To determine the attitudes of Toledo Health Area family physicians about starting insulinization in type 2 diabetic patients. Descriptive, cross-sectional study. A self-completed questionnaire was given to 353 family physicians of the Toledo Health Area, asking about socio-demographic and occupational data, and including the Spanish version of the Diabetes Attitude Scale (DAS-3sp) questionnaire to evaluate attitudes and motivations related to diabetes. A total of 66 responses were received, of which 50.8% were from females. Mean age (±standard deviation) was 49.97±7.40. Results of the different DAS-3sp subscales (values from 1 to 5) were: S1 (need for special training): 4.52±0.38; S2 (seriousness of type2 diabetes): 4.18±0.42; S3 (value of tight control): 4.15±0.39; S4 (psychosocial impact of diabetes): 3.79±0.48; and S5 (need for patient autonomy): 3.72±0.55. No statistically significant differences were obtained with the four first subscales with sex, specialized training, being a resident tutor, type of contract or clinical setting. There were statistically significant differences in S5 compared with sex (3.90±0,60 in men vs 3.54±0.45 in women; t=2.701; P=.009) and with being a resident tutor (3.99±0.58 vs 3.64±0.52 in non-tutors; t=2.188; P=.033). The attitudes regarding starting insulin treatment in type2 diabetic patients are positives among Toledo Health Area family physicians, specially in the clinical aspects, but they are lower in the psychosocial impact and patient autonomy. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN). Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

  20. Dentin dysplasia type I : Five cases within one family

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kalk, WWI; Batenburg, RHK; Vissink, A

    Five cases of dentin dysplasia type I within one family are described. Clinically and radiologically, such patients are characterized by a delayed eruption pattern, opacity of the incisional margins, hypermobility of the teeth, short and defective roots, and obliterated pulp chambers. A conservative

  1. La inmunocromatografía para el diagnóstico de la infección por Taenia solium en Mesocricetus auratus mediante la detección de coproantígenos*

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hermes Escalante A

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Evaluar la técnica de inmunocromatografía para el diagnóstico de la infección por Taenia solium en Mesocricetus auratus "hámsters" mediante la detección de coproantígenos. Materiales y métodos: Se produjo en Oryctolagus cunniculus "conejo" IgG anti-antígenos de excreción/secreción (ES de T. solium y en Capra hircus "cabra" IgG anti-IgG de conejo. Parte de las IgG anti-antígenos ES de T. solium fue conjugado con oro coloidal. La inmunocromatografía se llevó a cabo utilizando tiras de nitrocelulosa en las cuáles se fijó dos bandas con anticuerpos de captura; en la primera, las IgG anti-antígenos ES de T. solium (banda de prueba, y en la segunda las IgG anti-IgG de conejo (banda control. La técnica fue evaluada con un "pool" de tres muestras de medio de cultivo con antígenos ES de T. solium, Hymenolepis nana, Dyphillobotrium pacificum y de larvas de Anisakis simplex, así como con un "pool" de tres muestras fecales de hámsters no parasitados, de parasitados por H. nana y de siete muestras fecales de hámsters parasitados por T. Solium. Resultados: La inmunocromatografía permitió detectar antígenos de T. solium en muestras de medio de cultivo con antígenos ES específicas y en heces de hámsters parasitados por T. solium mediante la coloración de la banda de prueba, siendo negativo cuando se utilizó medios con ES de otros helmintos y sin antígenos, así como con muestras de heces de hámsters infectados por otros parásitos y de no parasitados. En todas las tiras usadas se observó coloración de la banda control. Conclusión: La técnica de inmunocromatografía es capaz de detectar antígenos de T. solium, tanto en medio de cultivo como en heces de hámsters, faltando evaluar la sensibilidad y la especificidad con muestras fecales humanas para el diagnóstico de la teniosis mediante la detección de coproantígenos.

  2. Coloración cualitativa y cuantitativa del glicógeno de las células del epitelio vaginal, como test del funcionamiento ovárico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernando Trujillo Jáuregui

    1944-10-01

    acuerdo con su edad, ciclo menstrual y en algunos estados patológicos como el hipoovarismo crónico. Como bien se sabe, las células del epitelio vaginal de la mujer con ovarios que funcionan activamente son de carácter preponderantemente escamoso y tienen un elevado contenido en glicógeno, mientras que en la hipoovárica o la menopáusica contienen poco o ningún glicógeno. Cuando se ha administrado una terapia estrogénica adecuada a las enfermas hipoováricas o menopáusicas el contenido en glicógeno de sus células vaginales aumenta notablemente.

  3. Caracterización de electrodos de níquel dopados con nanopartiículas de paladio para la obtención de hidrógeno

    OpenAIRE

    BAÑULS ESCRIG, ILDEFONSO JOSÉ

    2018-01-01

    [ES] El sistema energético mundial está basado en los combustibles fósiles, y éstos conllevan graves problemas de contaminación además de ser fuentes de energía no renovables. Una de las nuevas alternativas energéticas es el hidrógeno. El hidrógeno es un vector energético idóneo para convertirse en el combustible del futuro. Con la creación de un sistema energético basado en el hidrógeno denominado “Economía del hidrógeno” se conseguiría energía de forma limpia y renovable. ...

  4. Family PArtners in Lifestyle Support (PALS): Family-Based Weight Loss for African American Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Samuel-Hodge, Carmen D.; Holder-Cooper, Judith C.; Gizlice, Ziya; Davis, Gwendolyn; Steele, Sonia P.; Keyserling, Thomas C.; Kumanyika, Shiriki K.; Brantley, Phillip J.; Svetkey, Laura P.

    2016-01-01

    Objective To develop and test a family-centered behavioral weight loss intervention for African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods In this randomized trial, dyads consisting of African American adult with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes (index participant) paired with a family partner with overweight or obesity, but not diagnosed with diabetes, were assigned in a 2:1 ratio to a 20-week special intervention (SI) or delayed intervention (DI) control group. The primary outcome was weight loss among index participants at 20 weeks follow-up. Results One hundred-eight participants (54 dyads – 36 (SI) and 18 (DI) dyads) were enrolled: 81% females; mean age, 51 years; mean weight,103 kg; and mean BMI, 37 kg/m2. At post-intervention, 96 participants (89%) returned for follow-up measures. Among index participants, mean difference in weight loss between groups was −5.0 kg, pfamily interactions, and dietary, physical activity, and diabetes self-care behaviors. SI family partners also had significant weight loss (−3.9 kg (SI) vs. −1.0 kg (DI) p=0.02). Conclusions A family-centered, behavioral weight loss intervention led to clinically significant short-term weight loss among family dyads. PMID:27911049

  5. pyGeno: A Python package for precision medicine and proteogenomics [version 2; referees: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tariq Daouda

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available pyGeno is a Python package mainly intended for precision medicine applications that revolve around genomics and proteomics. It integrates reference sequences and annotations from Ensembl, genomic polymorphisms from the dbSNP database and data from next-gen sequencing into an easy to use, memory-efficient and fast framework, therefore allowing the user to easily explore subject-specific genomes and proteomes. Compared to a standalone program, pyGeno gives the user access to the complete expressivity of Python, a general programming language. Its range of application therefore encompasses both short scripts and large scale genome-wide studies.

  6. [The medical social aspects of childhood traumatism accounting the family type].

    Science.gov (United States)

    2012-01-01

    In the Russian Federation the childhood traumatism is considered as one of progressing social dangers. The interest in studying the impact of family type on childhood morbidity formation is increased during last years. The family is a fundamental principle of mechanisms of public health formation. The questionnaire poll of parents of children suffered from traumas provides the data concerning the medical social risk factors impacting the level of childhood traumatism. The one of the most important prevention measures is the impact on the family.

  7. Paleosuelos de sepiolita en el neógeno de la cuenca de Madrid

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    Medina, J. A.

    1989-12-01

    Full Text Available The mineralogical composition from sepiolite bearing clays allows us to stablish remarkable variations among this mineral: smectite, illite, detrital grains (quartz and feldspar and carbonates (calcite and dolomite according to bed thickness. Sepiolite formation is related to silicification processes which control textural features, crystallinity degree (sharpness and sepiolite aggregate size as a function of the SiO2/MgO ratio. Silicification is favoured by CaCO3 and an oscillating water table with dissolution-precipitation mechanisms which give rise to hydromorphic paleosoils in the shallower zones. In these paleosoils sepiolite develops mainly on saponite bearing green clays, with glomerulae and laminated textures. In deeper zones, sepiolite appears with massive textures (grid-type on clays, cementing when there is a high content of terrigenous minerals, both are diagenetic in origin.El análisis de la composición mineral de materiales arcillosos con sepiolita, pone de manifiesto variaciones significativas en el contenido de este mineral, con respecto a esmectitas e illitas, minerales terrígenos (cuarzo y feldespato y carbonatos (calcita y dolomita según la potencia de los materiales. La formación de sepiolita se relaciona con un proceso de silicificación, que controla el tipo de textura, el grado de cristalinidad y el tamaño de los agregados de sepiolita en función de la relación SiO22/MgO. La silicificación está favorecida por la presencia de CO3Ca, el carácter alternante de la tabla de agua, con mecanismos de disolución-precipitación, da lugar en las zonas más superficiales a suelos hidromórficos. En estos suelos la sepiolita se forma principalmente sobre lutitas verdosas ricas en saponita, con desarrollo de texturas glomerulares y laminares. En zonas más profundas se desarrollan texturas masivas de sepiolita, de tipo reticular sobre materiales arcillosos, y en forma de cémentos cuando predominan minerales terrígenos

  8. [Clinical and genetic investigation of families with Waardenburg syndrome type 2].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, H S; Liao, X B; Liu, Y L; He, C F; Zhang, H; Jiang, L; Feng, Y; Mei, L Y

    2016-12-01

    Objective: To investigate the clinical chacteration and molecular pathology of Waardenburg syndrome type 2 in seven families, and provide genetic diagnosis and hereditary counseling for family members. Method: Clinical data of seven families with WS2(14 patients)were collected. Peripheral blood samples of the probands and related family members were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. The coding sequences of microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF), sex-determining region Y-box 10(SOX10), snail family zinc finger 2 (SNAI2) and endothelin receptor type B(EDNRB)were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Then the raw data was analyzed. Result: The most common manifestations of WS2 are sensorineural hearing loss(10/14,71.4%), freckle(7/14, 50.0%),heterochromia iridis(6/14, 42.9%) and premature greying(5/14,35.7%). All the deafness phenotype is congenital, bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss. Freckles phenotype is different from cutaneous pigment abnormalities of WS in Westerners. The heterozygous mutation, c.328C>T in exon 3 of the MITF gene was detected in the proband and all patients of pedigree 2. However, no pathological mutation of the relevant genes (SOX10,SNAI2 and EDNRB) was detected in other pedigrees. Conclusion: There are obvious variations in clinical features of WS, while freckles may be a special subtype of cutaneous pigment disturbances. The MITF gene mutation, R110X,is therefore considered the disease causing mutation in pedigree WS02.However, there are novel disease causing genes or copy number variations in Waardenburg syndrome type 2, which require further research. Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.

  9. Symmetries in Genetic Systems and the Concept of Geno-Logical Coding

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergey V. Petoukhov

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available The genetic code of amino acid sequences in proteins does not allow understanding and modeling of inherited processes such as inborn coordinated motions of living bodies, innate principles of sensory information processing, quasi-holographic properties, etc. To be able to model these phenomena, the concept of geno-logical coding, which is connected with logical functions and Boolean algebra, is put forward. The article describes basic pieces of evidence in favor of the existence of the geno-logical code, which exists in p­arallel with the known genetic code of amino acid sequences but which serves for transferring inherited processes along chains of generations. These pieces of evidence have been received due to the analysis of symmetries in structures of molecular-genetic systems. The analysis has revealed a close connection of the genetic system with dyadic groups of binary numbers and with other mathematical objects, which are related with dyadic groups: Walsh functions (which are algebraic characters of dyadic groups, bit-reversal permutations, logical holography, etc. These results provide a new approach for mathematical modeling of genetic structures, which uses known mathematical formalisms from technological fields of noise-immunity coding of information, binary analysis, logical holography, and digital devices of artificial intellect. Some opportunities for a development of algebraic-logical biology are opened.

  10. Genética de la resistencia de la papa (Solanum tuberosum a patógenos. Estado de arte

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mosquera Teresa

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available

    Este artículo presenta una revisión de la resistencia en papa a patógenos, en cuanto a genes mapeados y clonados, y loci de rasgos cuantitativos (QTL mapeados, en la que se resaltan las relaciones entre resistencia cuantitativa y cualitativa en el caso P. infestans. El conocimiento logrado ha permitido generar un mapa funcional sobre el cual se localizan QTL para resistencia a patógenos. Se han mapeado 20 genes R de resistencia a virus, hongos, nematodos y oomicetos, utilizando marcadores moleculares. La mayoría de estos genes R fueron introducidos de especies silvestres. Catorce de ellos se encuentran en hot spots para resistencia y confieren resistencia a varios patógenos. A la fecha se han identificado cinco clusters de resistencia. La resistencia monogénica envuelve dos procesos básicos: percepción del ataque del patógeno, seguida de una respuesta para limitar la enfermedad. La percepción implica receptores específicos para cepas patogénicas, que son decodificadas por genes de resistencia. En una planta se encuentra un gran repertorio de genes de resistencia R, ubicados en diferentes sitios del genoma. Estos genes expresan diferentes proteínas que pueden ser agrupadas en varias familias. La mayoría de proteínas R contienen repeticiones en grupos, ricas en leucina (LRR. Se plantea la colocalización de genes R y QTL en diferentes cromosomas. Una hipótesis señala que los QTL son variantes alélicas con efecto menos extremo que los genes R y una segunda hipótesis plantea que los QTL de resistencia mapean en regiones del genoma que contienen genes de función conocida involucrados en la respuesta general al ataque de patógenos.

  11. Cinética de fermentación y degradabilidad ruminal in vitro de dietas con diferente fuente de nitrógeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Aguirre Valverde

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la cinética de fermentación y degradabilidad ruminal in vitro de dietas con diferente fuente de nitrógeno para alimentación de rumiantes. Se formularon tres dietas (D con diferentes fuentes de nitrógeno D1 (harina de pescado, D2 (pasta de soya y D3 (urea, estas fueron iso-calóricas con 2900 kilocalorías de energía digestible en materia seca (kcal ED/MS e iso-proteícas 13% proteína bruta (PB. Los periodos de incubación utilizados fueron 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 y 72 horas. En la evolución del Ph en la cinética ruminal de las tres dietas con diferentes fuentes de nitrógenos, se puede determinar que la D3 y D1 registraron el mayor pH (P

  12. Clinical and genetic investigation of families with type II Waardenburg syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Yong; Yang, Fuwei; Zheng, Hexin; Zhou, Jianda; Zhu, Ganghua; Hu, Peng; Wu, Weijing

    2016-03-01

    The present study aimed to investigate the molecular pathology of Waardenburg syndrome type II in three families, in order to provide genetic diagnosis and hereditary counseling for family members. Relevant clinical examinations were conducted on the probands of the three pedigrees. Peripheral blood samples of the probands and related family members were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. The coding sequences of paired box 3 (PAX3), microphthalmia‑associated transcription factor (MITF), sex‑determining region Y‑box 10 (SOX10) and snail family zinc finger 2 (SNAI2) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. The heterozygous mutation, c.649_651delAGA in exon 7 of the MITF gene was detected in the proband and all patients of pedigree 1; however, no pathological mutation of the relevant genes (MITF, SNAI2, SOX10 or PAX3) was detected in pedigrees 2 and 3. The heterozygous mutation c.649_651delAGA in exon 7 of the MITF gene is therefore considered the disease‑causing mutation in pedigree 1. However, there are novel disease‑causing genes in Waardenburg syndrome type II, which require further research.

  13. Searching for the Kinkeepers: Historian Gender, Age, and Type 2 Diabetes Family History

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giordimaina, Alicia M.; Sheldon, Jane P.; Kiedrowski, Lesli A.; Jayaratne, Toby Epstein

    2015-01-01

    Kinkeepers facilitate family communication and may be key to family medical history collection and dissemination. Middle-aged women are frequently kinkeepers. Using type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as a model, we explored whether the predicted gender and age effects of kinkeeping can be extended to family medical historians. Through a U.S. telephone survey,…

  14. Diagnóstico del estado nutricional del cultivo de colza (Brassica napus) en base a curvas de dilución de nitrógeno y azufre

    OpenAIRE

    Ferreira, Gonzalo; Ernst, Oswaldo

    2014-01-01

    Para la obtención de elevados rendimientos en el cultivo de colza es necesaria la complementación del nitrógeno (N) con una adecuada nutrición de azufre (S). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar indicadores de diagnóstico del estado nutricional del cultivo en referencia a nitrógeno y azufre en planta para la óptima producción de grano y aceite. Se obtuvieron las ecuaciones de dilución para la concentración crítica de nitrógeno y azufre (Nc = 5,21 MS-0,36 y Sc = 1,22e-0,18MS respect...

  15. Evaluación de la técnica Western blot para la detección de antígenos de Hymenolepis nana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flora Chávez-Salas

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la técnica de inmunoelectrotransferencia (Western Blot para detectar los antígenos específicos de excreción/secreción de Hymenolepis nana en sueros de pacientes con himenolepiosis y con otras helmintiosis confirmadas. Se utilizó a Mesocricetus auratus “hamster” para obtener ejemplares adultos de H. nana. Los antígenos de excreción/secreción fueron obtenidos en el medio MEM (Minimum Essential Medium Eagle, y enfrentados con un grupo de sueros de pacientes con himenolepiosis confirmada para evaluar su calidad inmunológica y con sueros individuales de pacientes con himenolepiosis y con otras helmintiosis confirmadas para detectar mediante la técnica de “Western Blot”, los antígenos específicos de este cestode. El grupo de sueros de pacientes con himenolepiosis confirmada reconoció las bandas antigénicas de 50,1; 42,6; 38,9; 32,9; 26,3; 22,4 y 18,6 kDa; sin embargo, los sueros individuales reconocieron diferente número de bandas, siendo la de 50,1 KDa la que fue reconocida por todos ellos. Los sueros de pacientes con helmintiosis confirmadas no reconocieron la banda de 50,1 kDa; sin embargo, dieron reacción cruzada con algunas de las demás bandas, a excepción de los sueros de pacientes con cisticercosis que no reconocieron a ninguna de las bandas de estos antígenos. Se concluye que el antígeno de excreción/secreción de H. nana de 50,1 kDa es específico de este cestode por ser reconocido por todos los sueros de pacientes con himenolepiosis confirmada y no por sueros de pacientes con otras helmintiosis utilizando la técnica de “Western Blot”.

  16. Papel del colágeno VI en la homeostasis del músculo esquelético y tejido adiposo: implicaciones en la patofisiología de las distrofias musculares

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez García, Mª Ángeles

    2016-01-01

    [spa] El colágeno VI es una proteína de la matriz extracelular cuyos defectos conducen a una variedad de trastornos musculares en humanos caracterizados por una debilidad muscular entre otros múltiples síntomas. Tanto el colágeno VI, como su fragmento soluble carboxilo terminal llamado endotrofina se encuentran altamente expresados en los dos principales tejidos periféricos que regulan la glucemia, el músculo esquelético y tejido adiposo. Los niveles de ARNm de colágeno VI en el tejido adipos...

  17. Transformación de la aflatoxina B1 de alimentos, en el cancerígeno humano, aducto AFB1-ADN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Magda Carvajal

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Las aflatoxinas (AF son metabolitos secundarios tóxicos principalmente de los hongos Aspergillus flavus y A. parasiticus, son potentes mutágenos y cancerígenos de alimentos y la exposición del hombre a ellas es continuo. Las AF se ligan al ADN, ARN y proteínas formando aductos AFB1-ADN que se acumulan por años y dañan desde los virus hasta el hombre. Es importante identificar y cuantificar estos aductos como biomarcadores de largo tiempo de riesgo de enfermedad, ya que originan mutaciones y cáncer, y están validados en animales y humanos. Las AF se activan en presencia del citocromo P450 como una molécula inestable 8,9 epóxido AFB1, que se liga al N7 de la guanina, y se transforma en los cancerígenos activos o aductos AFB1-Gua y, finalmente, en los aductos AFB1-FAPY y son una medida objetiva de la exposición humana a cancerígenos ambientales. Los aductos representan la exposición, absorción, distribución, metabolismo, reparación del ADN y cambio celular. Los temas tratados aquí son la formación de aductos AFB1-ADN, estudios in vitro e in vivo, exposición a una dieta con AFB1, efectos, desarrollo de cáncer y mutaciones en el gen supresor p53, rutas de exposición, vitaminas, tipos de aducto AFB1-ADN, metodología y su control.

  18. What’s for dinner? Types of food served at family dinner differ across parent and family characteristics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne; MacLehose, Rich; Loth, Katie; Fulkerson, Jayne A.; Eisenberg, Marla E.; Berge, Jerica

    2013-01-01

    Objective To examine the types of food served at family dinner in the homes of adolescents and correlations with parent and family sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, and meal-specific variables. Design A cross-sectional population-based survey completed by mail or telephone by parents participating in Project F-EAT (Families and Eating and Activity in Teens) in 2009–2010. Setting Homes of families with adolescents in Minneapolis/St Paul urban area. Subjects Participants included 1,923 parents/guardians (90.8% female; 68.5% from ethnic/racial minorities) of adolescents who participated in EAT 2010. Results Less than a third (28%) of parents reported serving a green salad at family dinner on a regular basis, but 70% reported regularly serving vegetables (other than potatoes). About one-fifth (21%) of families had fast food at family dinners two or more times a week. Variables from within the sociodemographic domain (low educational attainment); psychosocial domain (high work-life stress, depressive symptoms, low family functioning); and meal-specific domain (low value of family meals, low enjoyment of cooking, low meal planning, high food purchasing barriers, and fewer hours in food preparation) were associated with lower healthfulness of foods served at family dinners, in analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusions There is a need for interventions to improve the healthfulness of food served at family meals. Interventions need to be suitable for parents with low levels of education; take parent and family psychosocial factors into account; promote more positive attitudes toward family meals; and provide skills to make it easier to plan and prepare healthful family meals. PMID:23083836

  19. ¿EXISTE CAMBIO ESTRUCTURAL EN PRESENCIA DE CRECIMIENTO EXÓGENO?

    OpenAIRE

    Raffo, Leonardo

    2005-01-01

    En este artículo se propone un modelo de crecimiento exógeno de tres sectores basado en una estructura sencilla de equilibrio general que replica los patrones de cambio estructural por los que han atravesado muchos países. El modelo demuestra que en el caso de economías relativamente cerradas, sin sectores dinámicos y en las que buena parte de la población no ahorra por sus bajos niveles de ingreso, el cambio estructural puede ser explicado por la acumulación de capital per cápita suponiendo ...

  20. Técnicas moleculares para la detección e identificación de patógenos en alimentos: ventajas y limitaciones

    OpenAIRE

    Palomino-Camargo, Carolina; González-Muñoz, Yuniesky

    2014-01-01

    Las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, ocasionadas por microorganismos patógenos, constituyen un grave problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Los métodos microbiológicos utilizados comúnmente en la detección de estos patógenos, de origen alimentario, son laboriosos y consume mucho tiempo. Esta situación, aunada a la demanda por resultados inmediatos y a los avances tecnológicos, ha conducido al desarrollo de una amplia gama de métodos rápidos en las últimas décadas. En base a esto, ...

  1. Distinct Gene Expression Signatures in Lynch Syndrome and Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Valentin, Mev; Therkildsen, Christina; Veerla, Srinivas

    2013-01-01

    Heredity is estimated to cause at least 20% of colorectal cancer. The hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer subset is divided into Lynch syndrome and familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) based on presence of mismatch repair (MMR) gene defects.......Heredity is estimated to cause at least 20% of colorectal cancer. The hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer subset is divided into Lynch syndrome and familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) based on presence of mismatch repair (MMR) gene defects....

  2. Sharing of antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus Antígenos compartidos entre Plasmodium falciparum y Anopheles albimanus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Albina Wide

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available The presence of common antigens between Plasmodium falciparum and Anopheles albimanus was demonstrated. Different groups of rabbits were immunized with: crude extract from female An. albimanus (EAaF, red blood cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum (EPfs, and the SPf66 synthetic malaria vaccine. The rabbit's polyclonal antibodies were evaluated by ELISA, Multiple Antigen Blot Assay (MABA, and immunoblotting. All extracts were immunogenic in rabbits according to these three techniques, when they were evaluated against the homologous antigens. Ten molecules were identified in female mosquitoes and also in P. falciparum antigens by the autologous sera. The electrophoretic pattern by SDS-PAGE was different for the three antigens evaluated. Cross-reactions between An. albimanus and P. falciparum were found by ELISA, MABA, and immunoblotting. Anti-P. falciparum and anti-SPf66 antibodies recognized ten and five components in the EAaF crude extract, respectively. Likewise, immune sera against female An. albimanus identified four molecules in the P. falciparum extract antigen. As far as we know, this is the first work that demonstrates shared antigens between anophelines and malaria parasites. This finding could be useful for diagnosis, vaccines, and the study of physiology of the immune response to malaria.Epítopes de antígenos compartidos entre Plasmodium falciparum y Anopheles albimanus fueron identificados. Diferentes grupos de conejos fueron inmunizados con: extracto crudo de mosquito hembra de An. albimanus (EAaH, glóbulos rojos infectados con P. falciparum (EPfs y la vacuna antimalárica sintética SPf66. Los anticuerpos policlonales producidos en conejos fueron evaluados por ELISA, inmunoensayo simultáneo de múltiples antígenos (MABA e Immunoblotting. Todos los extractos resultaron inmunogénicos cuando se evaluaron por ELISA, MABA e Immunoblotting. Diez moléculas fueron identificadas en los mosquitos hembras y diez en los antígenos de

  3. Teratógenos - Primera parte*

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia McElhatton

    2003-08-01

    Full Text Available Los riesgos y beneficios de la farmacoterapia durante el embarazo siguen siendo difíciles de evaluar. En el presente artículo, que consta de dos partes, se establecen algunos principios generales de teratogenia y de prescripción durante el embarazo, se enumeran los medicamentos con efectos fetotóxicos o teratógenos conocidos y se describen los problemas específicos causados por productos que actúan en el sistema nervioso central. Entre esos problemas cabe citar dismorfismo facial y defectos del tubo neural causados por los anticonvulsivos, posibles defectos cardiacos por el litio y posible síndrome de abstinencia por los antidepresivos.A bibliographic review of professional competence was made and concepts of competence, evaluation and conditions to create evaluative tools were analyzed. The different levels of professional performance were described according to Miller´s model. Reference was made to the newest evaluation test, the objective structured clinical examination, which is one of the most complete methodologies at present, although it is made clear that the evaluation is carried out under a created and simulated situation. It is concluded that the bases for making the evaluative tools that will measure the competence or incompetence of our medical sciences professionals should be structured.

  4. Estrategias de financiamiento para el desarrollo endógeno del sector confección zuliano

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariby Boscán

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Los cambios en el entorno empresarial experimentados a escala mundial en las últimas décadas, demandan para las firmas de reducido tamaño adquisición de tecnología actualizada, aprendizaje tecnológico y reestructuración de procesos, lo cual es clave para impulsar y consolidar el desarrollo endógeno local. Sin embargo, esto amerita disponibilidad de recursos financieros, siendo esta una necesidad apremiante para los empresarios zulianos. El objetivo del presente artículo, consiste en analizar las estrategias de financiamiento que faciliten el desarrollo endógeno en el sector confección zuliano. Con esta finalidad se diseñó un estudio descriptivo y de campo, utilizando una entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a diez gerentes. La investigación se basó fundamentalmente en los postulados de Brealey y Myers (1998, Diez y López (2001, Vázquez (2005 y Sunkel (1991. Entre los resultados destacan: las empresas, prefieren financiamiento privado, dado que los requisitos son sencillos y el acceso a la fuente es rápido. A corto plazo, los gerentes utilizan la estrategia pre-pago y en algunas oportunidades el crédito comercial, mientras que a largo plazo, han utilizado préstamos bancarios y manejo del patrimonio. Se concluye que, para lograr el desarrollo endógeno se requiere combinar fuentes públicas y privadas, por lo que se recomienda mejorar el acceso y tiempo para el otorgamiento de crédito de los programas públicos, por cuanto el financiamiento es uno de los factores más importantes para lograr el desarrollo económico del sector.

  5. El espejismo de una energía social. La economía del hidrógeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valero Matas, Jesús A.

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available This paper is a critical examination of proposals for a “hydrogen economy.” In Jeremy Rifkin’s The Hydrogen Economy (2002 such an economy was proposed as a solution to the many problems associated with the use of fossil fuels including the dangers of global climate change. The promise has been echoed since by many others who have been concerned by energy policy. Hydrogen has increasingly been viewed as a “dorado” energy that would greatly benefit all humanity, especially the most disadvantaged. But the golden age of energy has not yet appeared and may never do so. There are multiple problems in the development of a hydrogen economy. One of these problems concerns social impacts, which have especially been ignored. It is the potential social impacts of a hydrogen economy that are given special attention here, in order to explore some of the reasons for doubting that the social economy of hydrogen will be able to realize the many hopes associated with it.

    El texto reflexiona sobre la economía del hidrógeno. Una esperanza que abrió Rifkin en su obra La economía del hidrógeno (2002 como solución a los carburantes fósiles y al efecto invernadero. Este nuevo “dorado” energético que iba a solucionar los problemas energéticos de la humanidad, en especial a los más desfavorecidos, no ha llegado, y posiblemente nunca llegue en los términos de Rifkin. Las cuestiones que impiden desarrollar la economía del hidrógeno son múltiples, entre ellas sus impactos sociales. La divulgación de las tesis de Rifkin abrieron la esperanza a muchos sectores de la sociedad, y tras el paso de los años esto no se ha cumplido y está lejos de hacerse realidad. Se exponen algunas razones por las cuales la economía “social” del hidrógeno no podrá convertirse en esa energía de salvación social.

  6. Medición telemétrica de la frecuencia cardiaca y el consumo de oxígeno en competición amistosa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Silla Cascales

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue medir el consumo de oxígeno directamente por telemetría en situación real de juego calculando el gasto energético correspondiente y comparar dichos valores con los obtenidos mediante la relación entre la frecuencia cardiaca y el consumo de oxígeno establecida en una prueba progresiva en cinta rodante en laboratorio. Participaron en el estudio un total de siete jugadores (n = 7, elegidos por líneas de juego: tres delanteros, dos medios y dos defensas. Los siete jugadores han sido internacionales sub-21 y cuatro de ellos también con la selección nacional absoluta. La media de consumo máximo de oxígeno obtenido en la muestra de jugadores fue de 4,339 L · min-1 (56,9 mL ·  kg-1 · min-1. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las tres posiciones tácticas. Existe una elevada correlación entre los valores de frecuencia cardiaca y de consumo de oxígeno en las pruebas de esfuerzo progresivo sobre cinta rodante en laboratorio r = 0,97 y r = 0,99. Durante la competición oficial, la frecuencia cardiaca permaneció una media del 50 % del tiempo de juego por debajo del umbral aeróbico ventilatorio y un 43 % del tiempo en la zona de transición aeróbica-anaeróbica. El consumo de oxígeno medio estimado durante las partes de un partido de competición oficial fue de 3,591 L · min-1 correspondiente a un consumo relativo de 48,5 mL · kg-1 · min-1 (70,7 % del VO2max individual. En el análisis del estudio de correlación lineal entre valores reales y estimados de consumo de oxígeno en cada uno de los jugadores, los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson calculados estaban entre los valores de r = 0,721 y r = 0,904. La cuantificación de la sobreestimación arroja valores de 853 mL · min-1 de media (34 % de sobreestimación sobre el VO2 real, siendo el error estándar de la estimación (378 mL · min-1 de un 15 % sobre el VO2 real

  7. Géis de colágeno aniônico: ransana como biomateriais. Preparação e caracterização físico-química

    OpenAIRE

    Goissis,Gilberto; Góes,Júlio C.

    1997-01-01

    Este trabalho descreve o efeito da ransana, um polissacarídeo bacteriano, sobre géis de colágeno aniônico. A interação colágeno:ransana ocorreu independentemente do pH, mesmo com baixas concentrações de ransana, e os materiais obtidos no estado sólido foram caracterizados por serem mais estáveis térmicamente à medida em que se aumenta a concentração do polissacarídeo. Nenhuma alteração na estrutura secundária em tripla hélice do tropocolágeno foi observada. O efeito mais significativo da rans...

  8. Prevalence of a positive family history of type 2 diabetes in women with polycystic ovarian disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fox, R

    1999-12-01

    The known association between insulin resistance and polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) has been studied by determination of the prevalence of a positive family history of diabetes in a consecutive series of oligomenorrheic women with polycystic ovaries and eumenorrheic women with normal ovaries who served as controls. A significantly greater proportion of the families of the patients with PCOD had at least one member affected by type 2 diabetes (39.1% of the PCOD group and 7.6% of the controls; p PCOD had an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes within their families. Paternal and maternal family members affected were in similar proportions, there being no evidence of preferential transmission through the female line in this study. The increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the families of women with polycystic ovaries is further evidence for the association between PCOD and insulin resistance, and provides a possible explanation for the familial nature of the ovarian disorder.

  9. Diseño de un microreactor para la producción de hidrógeno a partir de alcoholes

    OpenAIRE

    Griffon, Fabien

    2006-01-01

    El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido diseñar un reactor químico para producir hidrógeno a partir de etanol. El reactor funciona gracias a dos reacciones catalizadas que tienen lugar paralelamente: • el reformado: CH3-CH=O + 3 H2O → 2 CO2 + 5 H2 • la oxidación: CH3-CH2-OH + 2 O2 → 2 CO2 + 3 H2O La reacción de reformado transforma el alcohol en hidrógeno, y la de oxidación, que es muy exotermica, suministra energía para la reacción de reformado. El reactor es de paredes catalít...

  10. Nitrógeno dietario como un nutriente limitante en aves frugívoras Dietary nitrogen as a limiting nutrient in frugivorous birds

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    BOSQUE CARLOS

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available La pulpa de las frutas es considerada un alimento inadecuado para las aves frugívoras debido a su bajo contenido de proteína. Por lo tanto, se espera que los frugívoros minimicen sus pérdidas de nitrógeno como una adaptación a la frugivoría. En esta revisión examinamos las propiedades de las frutas y los rasgos fisiológicos de los frugívoros que afectan su capacidad para subsistir en base a una dieta de frutas. La mayoría de las frutas tropicales y templadas parecen contener suficiente nitrógeno para satisfacer los requerimientos de los pájaros, si su ingesta de alimento estuviera ajustada para compensar el gasto energético. Los requerimientos, sin embargo, dependen del tamaño corporal. Las aves más grandes deberían requerir alimentos con una relación de nitrógeno a energía más elevada que las aves pequeñas. No obstante, el nitrógeno digerible puede de hecho ser limitante ya que las pulpas de las frutas parecen contener cantidades considerables de nitrógeno no-proteico y una composición de aminoácidos diferente a la requerida por las aves. Ambas características de las frutas conducen a un aumento de las pérdidas de nitrógeno en aves frugívoras al consumir dietas naturales. En términos de sus adaptaciones fisiológicas, esperaríamos que los frugívoros posean una elevada capacidad de extracción de nitrógeno de la dieta y esbozamos la posibilidad de que las bajas pérdidas urinarias de nitrógeno de los frugívoros pudieran estar relacionadas con una baja tasa metabólica. La minimización de las pérdidas endógenas fecales podría ser la adaptación más importante de los frugívoros para subsistir con base en dietas pobres en nitrógeno. No es evidente como los frugívoros especializados pueden tener requerimientos de nitrógeno más bajos que los esperados en comparación a aves de otros grupos dietarios. Finalmente, sugerimos varios tópicos de investigación que conducirían a mejorar nuestra comprensión de

  11. Gérmenes patógenos aislados en niños con infecciones respiratorias a repetición

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yoenny Peña García

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Las infecciones respiratorias agudas son la causa más frecuente de morbilidad y de elevada mortalidad en el mundo, particularmente en los países en desarrollo. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, para caracterizar a los niños con infecciones respiratorias a repetición, según los gérmenes patógenos aislados, en el círculo infantil “Flores de la Vida” del municipio de Puerto Padre, en el período de abril a mayo de 2014. Se trabajó con los niños de los salones de segundo, tercero y cuarto año de vida, distribuidos según edad y sexo, a los que se les identificaron los gérmenes patógenos aislados en exudados nasofaríngeos. La información se obtuvo del departamento de microbiología del Centro Municipal de Higiene y Epidemiología. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: el grupo de edad más frecuente fue el de dos años, que representó el 45 % de la muestra y se correspondió con la media de la edad. El 62,5 % de la muestra de estudio correspondió al sexo masculino. Los gérmenes patógenos aislados con mayor frecuencia fueron: el Streptococcus pneumoneae, para un 83,9 %, el Streptococcus B hemolítico, para un 7,1 % y el Haemophillus inflienzae para un 5,4 %

  12. Association between Cognitive Distortion, Type D Personality, Family Environment, and Depression in Chinese Adolescents

    OpenAIRE

    Zhang, Yong; Li, Hengfen; Zou, Shaohong

    2011-01-01

    Purpose. Depression prevalence and risk increase among adolescents are related to biological, psychosocial, and cultural factors. Little is known about the association between cognitive distortion, type D personality, family environment, and depression. The aim of this paper was to examine the relationships of cognitive distortion, type D personality, family environment, and depression in a sample of Chinese adolescents. Methods. A sample of Chinese adolescents with depression and the con...

  13. Radicales libres de oxígeno y distress respiratorio agudo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aracelis E. Dorado Lambert

    2000-09-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó una revisión acerca de la formación de radicales libres de oxígeno en el organismo, así como el aumento exagerado de su génesis durante la exposición a altas concentraciones de oxígeno y en el desarrollo de la explosión respiratoria que acompaña la fagocitosis. Se analiza además la formación de estos radicales en el pulmón durante la evolución del distress respiratorio agudo. Se abordó, posteriormente, el uso actual, sobre todo en el ámbito internacional, de los antioxidantes y bloqueadores de la lipoperoxidación para disminuir los efectos adversos de los radicales libres. A pesar de estas nuevas medidas, se corrobora que la disminución experimentada en la mortalidad por esta entidad, obedece a la optimización de los cuidados respiratorios, en especial la ventilación mecánica.The formation of free oxygen radicals in the body and the excessive increase of its genesis during exposure to high concentrations of oxygen and in the development of respiratory burst accompanying phagocytosis were reviewed. Also the formation of these radicals in lung during acute respiratory distress was analyzed. Similarly, the present use at the international level of antioxidants and lipoperoxidation blockers to diminish adverse effects of free radicals are addressed in this paper. In spite of these new measures, it was confirmed that the reduction of mortality rate from this disease was due to the improvement of respiratory care particularly the mechanical ventilation.

  14. Balance de nitrógeno y digestibilidad energética en ratas alimentadas con manteca de freidura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiménez, S.

    1992-06-01

    Full Text Available This study was carried out during 90 days in order to know the effect of frying lard on the energy digestibility and nitrogen bioavailability. A significant decrease occurred on energy utilization of the diets prepared with frying lard (52 frying times. Nitrogen bioutilization on growing rats was also affected.

    Se realiza un estudio de 90 días de duración en ratas con el fin de conocer posibles efectos de las grasas de freidura sobre el coeficiente de digestibilidad energética y la biodisponibilidad del nitrógeno. Se observó una disminución de la utilización de la energía de la dieta con el consumo reiterado de grasas con 52 freiduras y se encontró afectada la bioutilización del nitrógeno del organismo en crecimiento.

  15. Flujos de carbono y nitrógeno bajo distintos sistemas de labranza en la región semiárida pampeana

    OpenAIRE

    Bono, Angel Alfredo

    2010-01-01

    Los contenidos de carbono y nitrógeno orgánicos del suelo están relacionados con su capacidad productiva. Esta relación es esperable que sea más estrecha en suelos de zonas áridas y semiáridas. La cantidad de carbono que puede secuestrar el suelo es, a la vez, de interés por la posibilidad de usar a los suelos como sumideros de carbono y mitigar el efecto invernadero. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo determinar los efectos del sistema de labranza sobre la dinámica del carbono y el nitrógeno en ...

  16. DEGRADATION OF PARENTAL BONDING AND VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN: THE USE OF FAMILY GENOGRAM IN THE PEDIATRIC CLINIC.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leoncio, Égle Thomaz; Souza, Sonia Regina Pereira de; Machado, José Lúcio Martins

    2017-01-01

    To demonstrate the importance of using the family genogram in pediatric consultation, as an analysis tool to evaluate the degradation of parental bonding and also violence against children. A qualitative study was conducted in 2011 wherein 63 children, aged between 2 and 6 years, enrolled in a slum nursery, was studied. In order to construct the genogram, data were collected in four stages: pediatric evaluation at nursery; interview with caregivers; interview with teachers; and interview with the nursery coordinator. The data about the families were used to construct the genograms with the aid of GenoPro®-2016 software. In order to evaluate the quality of bonding, the following items were included in the genograms: violence against children, drug addiction, neglect, mental disorder, type of relationship among family members. The evaluated children and their families generated 55 genograms. In 38 of them, functional family arrangements, and close or very close emotional ties were observed. In 17 cases, situations involving physical, emotional, or sexual violence against children were perceived. Among these, four represented extreme cases, with fraying parental bonding, and dysfunctional family arrangements. In these families, chemical addiction was prevalent among multiple members, as well as severe mental disorder, persistent physical and verbal abuse, and sexual abuse. The use of the genogram helps to identify at an early stage the degradation of parental bonding and violence against children, and when it is incorporated into the pediatric practice routine, it may contribute to the promotion of the comprehensive health care of the child, regardless of the presence of social vulnerability.

  17. Distribución espacial de fibroblastos endoneurales en cultivos tridimensionales en geles de colágeno Tipo I

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leslie Yaneth Leal Mejía

    2002-07-01

    Full Text Available SaludRESUMENEn la actualidad los cultivos celulares tridimensionales son muy utilizados, ya que imitan lascondiciones in vivode las células. Uno de los cultivos más desarrollados es el de fibroblastosdérmicos dentro de geles de colágeno en forma de lenteja, los cuales se contraen de un 70%a un 80% durante las primeras 24 horas de cultivo. El objetivo inicial de este trabajo fue aislarfibroblastos endoneurales (FE del nervio ciático de ratones ICR, mantenerlos en cultivo enmonocapa y luego en cultivo tridimensional en geles cilíndricos de colágeno tipo I de 1,6 mmde diámetro y 3 mm de largo, formados en las prótesis de silicona empleadas para regeneraciónde nervios periféricos; imitando las condiciones del nervio in vivopara que pueda ser emplea-dos en regeneración. Inicialmente se retira epineuro y perineuro del nervio, dejando sólo elendoneuro que se disocia con colagenasa (500U/ml y luego se le hace una disociación me-cánica. Las células libres, se cultivan en monocapa con DMEM suplementado con 20% suerobovino fetal, logrando un 95% de pureza en cultivo primario; en los subcultivos se purifican yamplifican los FE. Estos se aislan y se mezclan con una solución de colágeno tipo I a 0,5mg/mlpara la formación de los geles, teniendo en cuenta que cada gel contenga 50.000 fibroblastos,se introduce la mezcla dentro de las prótesis de silicona y se dejan gelificar, siguiendo el mismoprocedimiento se formaron geles sin células; una vez formados los geles se liberan de las cáma-ras y se cultivan en suspensión 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 y 30 días. Al cumplirse cada uno de los tiemposde cultivo, se analizó la apariencia del colágeno y la distribución de los FE en microscopíaóptica y de fluorescencia. Los cultivos primarios de FE se obtuvieron a los 5 días, lograndoacortar el tiempo de confluencia entre 15 y 20 días con respecto a lo reportado en la literatura;un dato novedoso fue la purificación total de los FE en el primer subcultivo

  18. Evaluación de Electroinmunotransferencia utilizando antígeno mix nativo purificado de líquido de cisticerco de Taenia solium para el diagnóstico de cisticercosis humana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Ayala-Sulca

    Full Text Available Objetivos. Evaluar la eficacia de la prueba electroinmunotransferencia (EITB para la detección de cisticercosis humana utilizando antígeno mix nativo purificado de líquido de cisticerco de Taenia solium. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional de evaluación de prueba diagnóstica. El antígeno mix nativo purificado se extrajo del líquido de cisticerco de cerdos naturalmente parasitados de áreas consideradas endémicas, se evaluó y seleccionó uno de los cuatro métodos de purificación: sulfato de amonio, lecitina de lentejas-sefarosa, Sephadex G-75 y electro-elución. La sensibilidad del antígeno purificado se determinó con EITB y fue evaluada con 50 sueros positivos a cisticercosis y la especificidad con 50 sueros negativos a cisticercosis (20 libres de infección parasitaria y 30 positivos a diferentes parasitosis. Resultados. La concentración óptima del antígeno mix nativo purificado para preparar las tiras EITB fue de 0,82 µg/mm. Por cromatografía de afinidad con lectina de lentejas- sefarosa se visualizaron y purificaron ocho glicoproteínas antigénicas específicas, siendo sus masas relativas de: 13, 14, 17, 18, 23, 24, 31 y 35 kDa; los antígenos purificados obtenidos por los otros métodos no fueron evaluados por EITB, porque no correspondieron a las proteínas antigénicas específicas consideradas entre 13 y 35 KDa. La prueba de EITB utilizando antígeno mix nativo purificado presentó 100% de sensibilidad y 100% de especificidad. Conclusiones. El antígeno mix nativo purificado mejora la eficiencia diagnóstica de la prueba de EITB. Recomendamos la preparación de un kit in house y su validación en campo para que pueda transferirse e implementarse en laboratorios de zonas endémicas del Perú

  19. Ocorrência de patógenos em cultivos de melancia e abóbora no sertão da Paraíba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. G. F. O. Soares

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Por constituírem uma importante fonte de alimento, plantações de melancia e abóbora são comumente cultivadas no sertão paraibano, porém pouco se sabe sobre a ocorrência de patógenos causadores de doenças, os quais limitam a sua produtividade e renda aos produtores. Visando obter informações sobre a ocorrência dos patógenos virais e fúngicos em cultivos de abóbora e melancia situados em municípios produtores no sertão da Paraíba, amostras coletadas com sintomas de mosaico e deformação foliar, típicos de doenças virais foram analisadas pela técnica sorológica “enzime linked immuno sorbentassay” (Elisa indireto para Papaya ring spot virus, type watermelon (PRSV-W, Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV e Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV. O teste de dupla difusão em Agar foi utilizado para verificar a presença de Squash mosaic virus (SqMV. Em contrapartida, amostras coletadas com sintomas de doenças fúngicas foram analisadas pelo isolamento do patógeno e visualização de suas características morfológicas em microscópio óptico. Em abóbora, houve prevalência dos vírus ZYMV e PRSV-W em infecções simples e mistas, e maior incidência dos fungos Cladosporium spp., e Alternaria spp. Em melancia detectou-se infecção simples e mistas das espécies PRSV-W, WMV e ZYMV, e maior freqüência de Fusarium spp. e Alternaria spp.. Não foram detectados os vírus CMV e SqMV. Os resultados obtidos revelam a ocorrência de vários patógenos fúngicos e viróticos em cultivos de abóbora e melancia situados no sertão da Paraíba e ressaltam a importância da utilização de estratégias de manejo que reduzem os danos ocasionados por esses patógenos.Occurrence of pathogens in watermelon and pumpkin crops in the State of ParaibaAbstract: By constitute an important food source, watermelon and pumpkin plantations are commonly grown on Paraíba backlands, but little is known about the occurrence of disease

  20. Colágeno asimilable. Fuente de prevención de enfermedades osteoarticuladas

    OpenAIRE

    Parra Parra, Yolanda; Quesada Martínez, María Inmaculada; Pérez Collado, Elisa María

    2015-01-01

    Cartel presentado en la Segunda Conferencia Internacional de Comunicación en Salud, celebrada el 23 de octubre de 2015 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Introducción: El colágeno es la proteína más abundante de nuestro cuerpo humano y uno de sus componentes esencial de articulaciones, cartílago, ligamento, tendones, huesos, piel. Su especial estructura lo hacen único, presenta una estructura fibrosa, que aporta gran resistencia y flexibilidad a los tejidos de los que forma parte. Cu...

  1. Desarrollo de la fijación simbiótica de nitrógeno en una cronosecuencia primaria en la Isla Santa Inés, Región de Magallanes, Chile

    OpenAIRE

    TRONCOSO, PAULINA A; PÉREZ, CECILIA A; LARRAIN, JUAN; ARDILES, VICTOR

    2013-01-01

    La fijación biológica del nitrógeno (FBN) es un proceso clave en la recuperación de este elemento esencial para los seres vivos luego que perturbaciones catastróficas, como el avance y retroceso de glaciales, han agotado el capital de nitrógeno (N) del suelo. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue analizar los niveles de fijación simbiótica de nitrógeno (FSN) asociada a la flora del piso del bosque en una cronosecuencia primaria, desarrollada a partir del retroceso glacial en la Isla Santa...

  2. COMPORTAMIENTO DE LÍNEAS AVANZADAS DE TOMATE ( Solanum lycopersicum L. A FITOPATÓGENOS EN CHAPINGO, MÉXICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santos Gerardo Leyva-Mir

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta de 18 líneas experimentales y dos genotipos comerciales de tomate ( Solanum lycopersicum L. ante la infección natural de patógenos ( Alternaria solani, Phytophthora infestans, Fusarium oxysporum, Nacobbus spp . y Meloidogyne spp . de importancia económica, se realizó un ensayo en el campo agrícola experimental de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo con el diseño experimental bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluó el grado de severidad de cinco patógenos sobre las plantas de los genotipos considerados. Previo a la evaluación se identificó a cada patógeno en laboratorio por medio de la morfología de sus estructuras reproductivas. Se aplicó la prueba no paramétrica de Friedman a los datos obtenidos y posteriormente se realizó la comparación múltiple de rangos. Se detectaron fuentes de resistencia para Alternaria solani con severidad final del 35 %, en comparación con los genotipos susceptibles que fue del 80 %. En el caso de Phytopthora infestans la severidad final alcanzó 60 %, mientras que la susceptibilidad correspondió a 100 %. En el caso de Fusarium oxysporum se obtuvo un valor de 10 % de daño contra los susceptibles con 40 % . Con respecto a nematodos ( Nacobbus spp. y Meloidogyne spp., se determinó tolerancia con registros de 30 % de agallamiento y 76 % en líneas susceptibles.

  3. Contaminación acústica por grupos electrógenos // Acoustic contamination by diesel driven electric plant.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanexy Cepero-Aguilera

    2009-05-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo tiene como tema el impacto ambiental por ruido de grupos electrógenos (GE. Semuestran diferentes definiciones y conceptos referidos a la explotación de los GE y lasconsecuencias que puede provocar a las personas que permanezcan cerca de ellos durante sufuncionamiento. Los grupos electrógenos son además de generadores de energía, generadores deruido y por tanto contribuyen a la contaminación acústica del lugar donde estén situados. En eldocumento se aborda la importancia del correcto uso y selección de los protectores auditivos paraaquellas personas que trabajen directamente en las baterías de grupos electrógenos, así comoalgunas formas de atenuar el ruido. También se caracteriza la emisión sonora de estos a partir deestudios realizados.Palabras claves: ruido, nivel sonoro, sonido.________________________________________________________________________AbstractThis paper concerns with the environmental damage due to noise emission introduced by EngineGenerator Sets. Definitions and concepts about Engine Generator operation are shown as well asthe consequences over the personnel who stand near the Engine Generators during theiroperation. Obviously, such kind of machines generates energy but they also generate noise whichcontaminates the environment around them. The paper states how important are the rightselection and use of noise protection devices for those whose main job is to operate enginegenerator sets. Some methods for noise damping are also shown. Finally, some case studies arepresented in order to describe the noise emission registered in the real world.Key words: noise, sound level, sound.

  4. The technology of storage of a geno-fund of seeds of plants and animals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ombayev, A.M.; Tokhanov, M.T.; Burtebayeva, D.T.; Burtebayev, N.

    2002-01-01

    Because of an absent of special storages a geno-fund of plants seeds are stored mainly in usual unpractical laboratory conditions (in paper packs, in fabric bags, in metal boxes and so on). And during the first year of the storage the many Kinds of seeds begin to reduce a capacity of an inter-growth, and after several years they became to be useless to a sowing. As result, plant - breeders are forced to carry out frequent transplanting of collection samples, but it is connected with both significant material expenditures and a possible loss of a valuable geno-fund of seeds. But, from other hand, it is well known, that for a creation of only one new breed of animals it is necessary to carry out some experiments of during with from 15 to 30 years. With some economical reforms in Kazakhstan high - productive breeds of animals are on the brink of a disappearance. In connection with this the problem of the creation of the storage for the geno-fund of the seeds of the plants and of high - productive breeds of animals in Kazakhstan begins being an actual one. National storages, created in USA, Japan, Italy, Turkey, countries of SIS, correspond to definite standards, where there are maintained strict parameters for the storage active ventilation, storage in cooling state, a storage without of an access for air, a freezing in liquid nitrogen and in other coolants). Our investigations has established, that the storage of seeds of plants in gaseous medium with below-average content of oxygen increases a germinating power of seed. F.e. seeds of arid food plant of 'izen, Kochia prostrata', by natural way, keep the germinating power of seed, during about (6-8) months, and in gaseous medium its germinating power of seed reaches up to 5.5 years. Besides, at maturity of micro -organisms, there ore exterminated insects- pests and rodents. In order to improve mobility and a frost resistance of sperms of high productive stud-rams we had investigated the influence of electromagnetic

  5. Obtenção de exoantígenos de Histoplasma capsulatum em meio de neopeptona, glicose, tiamina e asparagina (NGTA Histoplasma capsulatum exocellular antigens. Obtention in neopeptone, glucose, thiamine and asparagine medium (NGTA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nilma Maciel Garcia

    1990-10-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a produção de exoantígenos H e M das amostras 58, B-679, A-811 e O187 de Histoplasma capsulatum, utilizando o meio NGTA (neopeptona, glicose, tiamina e asparagina em períodos de cultivo de 1, 2 e 3 meses, a 36ºC, sob agitação constante (50 v.p.m.. Os antígenos brutos foram avaliados contra anti-soro e antígeno de Histoplasma capsulatum de referência (Center for Disease Control, 4 soros de pacientes portadores de paracoccidioidomicose, 7 de histoplasmose e soro hiperimune anti-H. capsulatum produzido em coelhos, através da reação de imunodifusão dupla. Verificou-se que, com exceção de B-679 com 1 mês de crescimento, todos os demais exoantígenos apresentaram as frações H e M de precipitação. Os exoantígenos obtidos de A-811 apresentaram só a banda H. Excetuando-se os exoantígenos 58 e B-679 com 1 mês de crescimento, todos os demais exoantígenos reagiram contra soros de pacientes com histoplasmose. Em relação aos soros de pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose, somente os exoantígenos 58 e O187 não apresentaram reação cruzada. Todos os exoantígenos reagiram frente ao soro hiperimune de coelho anti-H. capsulatum. Para obtenção de exoantígenos de H. capsulatum, sugerimos que as amostras sejam cultivadas sob as condições anteriormente descritas, adotando-se o período de 3 meses de crescimento, utilizando-se exoantígenos de referência como controles da reação.The purpose of this work is obtaining exocellular antigens H and M from 4 H. capsulatum strains using NGTA medium (neopeptone, glucose, thiamine and asparagine for periods of 1,2 and 3 months, at 36ºC and continuously shaken. The exocellular antigens were evaluated by double immunodiffusion test against H. capsulatum rabbit antiserum, 7 histoplasmosis sera, 4 paracoccidioidomycosis sera and a reference antigen and antibody furnished by C.D.C. (Atlanta - USA. Except for the exocellular antigen from strain B.679 with 1

  6. Producción de hidrógeno a partir del reformado con vapor de dimetil éter utilizando monolitos catalíticos

    OpenAIRE

    Ledesma Rodríguez, Cristian

    2011-01-01

    El modelo actual del consumo energético basado en la utilización de combustibles fósiles requiere un replanteamiento debido al agotamiento de éstos y a las emisiones de gases contaminantes que generan. La obtención de energía mediante la utilización de pilas de combustible se presenta como una alternativa prometedora dado su elevado rendimiento energético y que únicamente genera agua como subproducto. El tipo más sencillo de pila de combustible requiere de una fuente de oxígeno e hidrógeno....

  7. Efectos de la chicha morada y café sobre el esmalte dental bovino blanqueado con peróxido de hidrógeno

    OpenAIRE

    Castillo-Ghiotto, Gisella; Delgado-Cotrina, Leyla; Evangelista-Alva, Alexis

    2014-01-01

    Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio in vitro fue evaluar la susceptibilidad del esmalte dental bovino expuesto a chicha morada y café después del blanqueamiento con peróxido de hidrógeno (PH) al 35% con y sin calcio. Material y métodos: Setenta y dos dientes de bovino fueron blanqueados con peróxido de hidrógeno al 35% con y sin calcio (Whiteness HP Blue® - FGM y Whiteness HP Maxx® - FGM, respectivamente) y se expusieron al café instantáneo, refresco de maíz morado artificial y saliva (con...

  8. (Helianthus annuus L.-frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L. en función del nitrógeno y fósforo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edgar J. Morales Rosales

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available En 2003 se realizó un estudio en Montecillo, Estado de México, para determinar el efecto de la aplicación de nitrógeno (0, 40 y 80 kg ha–1 y fósforo (0, 30 y 60 kg P2O5 ha–1 en la siembra combinada de girasol (cv. Victoria y frijol (cv. Michoacán. Con el suministro de 80 kg N ha–1 (80 – 00 – 00 se incrementó la producción de biomasa y rendimiento de semilla superando al testigo sin fertilizante en 32% y 35%. Cuando se adicionaron 60 kg P2O5 ha–1 (00 – 60 – 00 se obtuvo una producción de materia seca y rendimiento de semilla superior al testigo en 24 y 27%, respectivamente. Aunque la interacción nitrógeno x fósforo no fue significativa, existió una tendencia positiva a medida de que se incrementaron los niveles de nitrógeno y fósforo (80 – 60 – 00, alcanzando los máximos valores en la producción de biomasa (2667.9 g m–2 y rendimiento de semilla (644.6 g m–2, los cuales superaron en 49 y 50% al testigo sin fertilizante.

  9. AMONIO-OXIDASAS BACTERIANAS Y ARQUEALES INVOLUCRADAS EN EL CICLO DEL NITRÓGENO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sergio Andrade Ochoa

    2015-07-01

    Full Text Available La nitrificación, la oxidación microbiana de amoníaco a nitrato, juega un papel crítico en el ciclo global del nitrógeno. Se ha considerado a dos grupos distintos de bacterias capaces de oxidar el amoníaco (AOB como las responsables de llevar a cabo el primer paso de la nitrificación; en esos dos grupos se encuentran las Beta-proteobacterias, que incluyen a los géneros Nitrosomonas y Nitrosospira, y las Gamma-proteobacterias, que engloban al género Nitrosococcus. Sin embargo, se ha demostrado la existencia de arqueas oxidantes de amoníaco (AOA y su contribución al ciclo del nitrógeno, siendo Nitrosopumilus maritimus la más estudiada en este proceso. La dinámica entre estos dos sistemas de oxidantes de amoníaco es compleja y los estudios se han enfocado a distintos hábitats, se ha propuesto que las contribuciones relativas de las comunidades AOA y AOB dependen de propiedades fisicoquímicas del ambiente, que afectan su abundancia y diversidad; esto dificulta establecer con exactitud el nicho ecológico en el que se desempeña cada comunidad. El objetivo de esta revisión es discutir la evidencia científica que facilite el entendimiento del papel que desempeñan los microorganismos oxidantes del amoníaco.

  10. Retrovirus endógenos humanos: Significado biológico e implicaciones evolutivas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sentís, Carlos

    2002-05-01

    Full Text Available El genoma humano contiene un importante número de retrovirus endógenos (HERVs, es decir, secuencias derivadas de pasadas infecciones retrovirales insertadas de forma permanente; y secuencias similares se pueden observar en prácticamente todos los organismos eucariontes. Muchos de estos HERVs se transcriben y traducen en condiciones fisiológicas normales, llegando a formar partículas virales completas, y participando en procesos tan complejos como la placentación. Por su capacidad de retrotransposición y recombinación entre ellos son una fuente importante de remodelación genómica y, junto con otros retroelementos, participan en la generación de retrogenes y retropseudogenes, que suponen un sustrato de variabilidad informacional fundamental para la aparición de nuevas estructuras y funciones. Puesto que su actividad responde también a las condiciones ambientales, los cambios genómicos generados por ellos no son graduales, sino que aparecen en oleadas, de modo que se puede producir una variedad fenotípica muy extensa en momentos evolutivos concretos, coincidiendo con situaciones ambientales críticas. La consideración de los HERVs como parte integral y consustancial de nuestro genoma obliga a replantearse la utilización de vectores retrovirales en protocolos de terapia génica, así como la utilización de órganos animales -con sus propios retrovirus endógenos- para xenotrasplantes.

  11. Celda de combustible: análisis teórico del rendimiento eléctrico de hidrógeno almacenado en fase sólida

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    I. A. Vértiz-Maldonado

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta una metodología para determinar el efecto del almacenamiento de hidrógeno en una estructura de fase sólida formada por hidruro de magnesio (acumulación de hidrógeno. Se realiza un análisis comparativo del porcentaje teórico que es capaz de almacenar en peso este hidruro que es del 7.59%, mientras que el obtenido en un experimento de hidruración es de 5.955% en peso. Lo anterior se llevó acabo con el fin de determinar el rendimiento de energía acumulada en 1000 g de MgH2, para así, al determinar el volumen de hidrógeno almacenado y que esté en condición de establecer el tiempo de funcionamiento de diversos motores operando a distintos voltajes, así como, efectos de trabajo, tales como: tiempo de funcionamiento y energía consumida.

  12. Crecimiento, rendimiento y rentabilidad del maíz VS-535 en función del biofertilizante y nitrógeno/Growth, performance and protability of VS-535 corn based on biofertilizer and nitrogen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cid Aguilar-Carpio

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available . El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto del biofertilizante y del nitrógeno en la variedad sintética de maíz VS-535 sobre la ocurrencia de las fases fenológicas, análisis de crecimiento, rendimiento, componentes, e- ciencia en el uso del agua, contenido de nitrógeno y la rentabilidad. La siembra se realizó el 10 de julio de 2012, los tratamientos fueron la inoculación de biofertilizante y la aplicación de 0, 80 y 160 kg ha−1 de nitrógeno. Se contabilizó el número de hojas y el área foliar, con lo que se calculó el índice (IAF y la duración de área foliar (DAFT. También se determinó el contenido de materia seca (MS, las tasa de crecimiento del cultivo (T CC, y la tasa de asimilación neta (T AN. En madurez siológica se evaluó el contenido de materia seca (MS y el rendimiento de grano (RG, se calculó la eciencia en el uso del agua y del nitrógeno, y se realizó un análisis económico. Con 160 kg ha−1 de nitrógeno se tuvo el mayor IAF y DAFT. Para MS, EUA, EAN, T CC, mientras que las mayores T AN se tuvieron con biofertilizante y nitrógeno a 80 y 160 kg ha−1 . Para RG la mayor respuesta se encontró con biofertilizante y nitrógeno a 160 kg ha−1 , lo que genero la mayor rentabilidad del cultivo.

  13. Association Between Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Besseling, Joost; Kastelein, John J. P.; Defesche, Joep C.; Hutten, Barbara A.; Hovingh, G. Kees

    2015-01-01

    IMPORTANCE Familial hypercholesterolemia is characterized by impaired uptake of cholesterol in peripheral tissues, including the liver and the pancreas. In contrast, statins increase the cellular cholesterol uptake and are associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. We hypothesize

  14. Hongos Fitopatógenos asociados a semillas de palto (Persea Americana mill.)

    OpenAIRE

    Leon Ttacca, Betsabe; Mattos Calderon, Leonor

    2016-01-01

    Una serie de enfermedades severas de origen fungoso son diseminadas por semillas de palto, y pueden causar una disminución de la producción en aproximadamente el 14 % y una reducción de calidad en un 10 %. El presente trabajo consistió en aislar e identificar hongos fitopatógenos presentes en las semillas de palto (Persea americana Mill.) raza mexicana utilizadas para patrón. A partir del embrión y cotiledón de 200 semillas de palto, se aislo los hongos fotopatogenos en medio de cultivo Papa ...

  15. Substantial proportion of MODY among multiplex families participating in a Type 1 diabetes prediction programme.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Petruzelkova, L; Dusatkova, P; Cinek, O; Sumnik, Z; Pruhova, S; Hradsky, O; Vcelakova, J; Lebl, J; Kolouskova, S

    2016-12-01

    Patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) might be over-represented in families with histories of Type 1 diabetes. Our aim was to re-evaluate families participating in the Czech T1D Prediction Programme (PREDIA.CZ) with at least two members affected with diabetes to assess the proportion of MODY among these families and determine its most significant clinical predictors. Of the 557 families followed up by the PREDIA.CZ, 53 (9.5%) had two or more family members with diabetes. One proband with diabetes from these families was chosen for direct sequencing of the GCK, HNF1A, HNF4A and INS genes. Non-parametric tests and a linear logistic regression model were used to evaluate differences between MODY and non-MODY families. MODY was genetically diagnosed in 24 of the 53 families with multiple occurrences of diabetes (45%). Mutations were detected most frequently in GCK (58%), followed by HNF1A (38%) and INS (4%). MODY families were more likely to have a parent with diabetes and had a higher proportion of females with diabetes than non-MODY families. Higher age (P MODY families already presenting with diabetes. A prediction programme for Type 1 diabetes would provide a useful new source of patients with MODY most likely to benefit from an accurate diagnosis. This identification has implications for patient treatment and disease prognosis. © 2015 Diabetes UK.

  16. Reducing health risk in family members of patients with type 2 diabetes: views of first degree relatives

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O'Sullivan Bernadette

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Patients with type 2 diabetes can have an important role in discussing health risk within families. This study aimed to establish the acceptability to first degree relatives towards their relative with type 2 diabetes intervening as health promoters in their own families, using the Health Belief Model as a theoretical framework for evaluation. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire design. Survey questionnaire for first degree relative (sibling or child mailed to a random sample of patients with type 2 diabetes registered with an urban hospital diabetes clinic (n = 607 eligible patients. Patients were asked to pass on questionnaires to one to two first degree relatives. Results Questionnaires were returned from 257 families (42% response rate with two responses provided by 107 families (a total of 364 questionnaires. The majority (94% of first degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes would like to be informed about reducing their risk. Half (48% of respondents reported being spoken to by a relative with type 2 diabetes about their risk of diabetes. Those spoken to were more likely to see themselves at risk of diabetes, to worry about developing diabetes and to view diabetes as a serious condition. Conclusions A role for patients with type 2 diabetes in discussing health risk in their family appears to be acceptable to many relatives. Discussion of risk and interventions to reduce health risk with their relatives should be encouraged in patients with type 2 diabetes.

  17. Reducing health risk in family members of patients with type 2 diabetes: views of first degree relatives.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Whitford, David L

    2009-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Patients with type 2 diabetes can have an important role in discussing health risk within families. This study aimed to establish the acceptability to first degree relatives towards their relative with type 2 diabetes intervening as health promoters in their own families, using the Health Belief Model as a theoretical framework for evaluation. METHODS: Cross-sectional questionnaire design. Survey questionnaire for first degree relative (sibling or child) mailed to a random sample of patients with type 2 diabetes registered with an urban hospital diabetes clinic (n = 607 eligible patients). Patients were asked to pass on questionnaires to one to two first degree relatives. RESULTS: Questionnaires were returned from 257 families (42% response rate) with two responses provided by 107 families (a total of 364 questionnaires). The majority (94%) of first degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes would like to be informed about reducing their risk. Half (48%) of respondents reported being spoken to by a relative with type 2 diabetes about their risk of diabetes. Those spoken to were more likely to see themselves at risk of diabetes, to worry about developing diabetes and to view diabetes as a serious condition. CONCLUSIONS: A role for patients with type 2 diabetes in discussing health risk in their family appears to be acceptable to many relatives. Discussion of risk and interventions to reduce health risk with their relatives should be encouraged in patients with type 2 diabetes.

  18. Emprego do antígeno tríplice, em fixação do complemento em placa para exclusão sorológica da moléstia de Chagas, Sífilis e Brucelose

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Therezinha Aparecida Cunha

    1976-06-01

    Full Text Available O método de fixação de complemento em gotas, sobre placas de plástico, usando antígeno misto de cardiolipina, suspensão de brucelas e extrato de T. cruzi, foi utilizado no exame de 112.365 soros provenientes de bancos de sangue e do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. Os 18.279 soros que reagiram com o antígeno tríplice foram re-examinados com cada um dos antígenos, verificando-se que 77% a 88% deles eram chagásicos, de 8% a 23% eram sifilíticos e que 1% a 3% reagiam com o antígeno de brucelas. Pela sua simplicidade, economia de tempo e de material, a técnica de fixação de complemento, com antígeno tríplice, se recomenda para a rotina dos bancos de sangue, hospitais e laboratórios de saúde pública, quando número elevado de sangue deve ser examinado.

  19. Técnicas moleculares para la detección e identificación de patógenos en alimentos: ventajas y limitaciones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Palomino-Camargo

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available Las enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, ocasionadas por microorganismos patógenos, constituyen un grave problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Los métodos microbiológicos utilizados comúnmente en la detección de estos patógenos, de origen alimentario, son laboriosos y consume mucho tiempo. Esta situación, aunada a la demanda por resultados inmediatos y a los avances tecnológicos, ha conducido al desarrollo de una amplia gama de métodos rápidos en las últimas décadas. En base a esto, la presente revisión describe las ventajas y limitaciones de los principales métodos moleculares utilizados en la detección e identificación de microorganismos patógenos transmitidos por alimentos. Para ello, se consideró la actualidad de la información consultada, el análisis objetivo de la temática y su alcance. La literatura reciente reporta un número significativo de técnicas moleculares, alternativas, sensibles y selectivas para la detección, enumeración e identificación de microorganismos patógenos en alimentos, siendo la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR la plataforma más popular, mientras que la secuenciación de alto rendimiento se perfila como una técnica de gran aplicabilidad a futuro. Sin embargo, aun con todas las ventajas que ofrecen estas novedosas metodologías, no se deben pasar por alto sus limitaciones. Así, por ejemplo, los métodos moleculares no constituyen protocolos estandarizados, lo que dificulta su utilización en algunos casos. Por esta razón se debe trabajar arduamente para superar tales limitaciones y mejorar la aplicación de estas técnicas en matrices tan complejas como los sistemas alimenticios.

  20. Evaluación de la asociación bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno - líneas interespecíficas de arroz-nitrógeno, en Typic haplustalf. Ibagué, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Margarita M Vallejo

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El estudio se llevó a cabo en la hacienda Cauchitos, municipio de Ibagué, departamento del Tolima (Norte 4° 23' 51" y Oeste 75° 9' 7", 979 msnm, 24.3°C, bosque seco tropical (bs-T, con el objetivo de evaluar las asociaciones entre bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno con inóculo y sin él en diez líneas interespecíficas de arroz, con tres dosis de nitrógeno (0%, 50% y 100% de 250 kg/ha-1 y tres repeticiones por tratamiento. La inoculación se realizó con 1 cm³ de unidades formadoras de colonias por 250 g de semilla de cada cultivar. Se aislaron 2.260 bacterias de los géneros Azotobacter spp y Azospirillum spp, se identificaron las especies A. brasilense, A. lipoferum, A. amazonense y del género Azotobacter las especies A. chroococcum, A. vinelandii, A. paspali y A. beijerinckii. Respecto al inóculo no se encontraron diferencias significativas al realizar su aplicación, se determinó que Azotobacter spp y Azospirillum spp fueron géneros típicos de la flora bacteriana en el cultivo del arroz y en condiciones de campo hubo efecto de los tratamientos en la flora bacteriana, y Azotobacter spp fue el predominante en cada uno de los tratamientos.

  1. Genetic analysis of a Chinese family with members affected with Usher syndrome type II and Waardenburg syndrome type IV.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Xueling; Lin, Xiao-Jiang; Tang, Xiangrong; Chai, Yong-Chuan; Yu, De-Hong; Chen, Dong-Ye; Wu, Hao

    2017-11-01

    The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic causes of a family presenting with multiple symptoms overlapping Usher syndrome type II (USH2) and Waardenburg syndrome type IV (WS4). Targeted next-generation sequencing including the exon and flanking intron sequences of 79 deafness genes was performed on the proband. Co-segregation of the disease phenotype and the detected variants were confirmed in all family members by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. The affected members of this family had two different recessive disorders, USH2 and WS4. By targeted next-generation sequencing, we identified that USH2 was caused by a novel missense mutation, p.V4907D in GPR98; whereas WS4 due to p.V185M in EDNRB. This is the first report of homozygous p.V185M mutation in EDNRB in patient with WS4. This study reported a Chinese family with multiple independent and overlapping phenotypes. In condition, molecular level analysis was efficient to identify the causative variant p.V4907D in GPR98 and p.V185M in EDNRB, also was helpful to confirm the clinical diagnosis of USH2 and WS4. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  2. Genetic Heterogeneity of Usher Syndrome: Analysis of 151 Families with Usher Type I

    OpenAIRE

    Astuto, Lisa M.; Weston, Michael D.; Carney, Carol A.; Hoover, Denise M.; Cremers, Cor W.R.J.; Wagenaar, Mariette; Moller, Claes; Smith, Richard J.H.; Pieke-Dahl, Sandra; Greenberg, Jacquie; Ramesar, Raj; Jacobson, Samuel G.; Ayuso, Carmen; Heckenlively, John R.; Tamayo, Marta

    2000-01-01

    Usher syndrome type I is an autosomal recessive disorder marked by hearing loss, vestibular areflexia, and retinitis pigmentosa. Six Usher I genetic subtypes at loci USH1A–USH1F have been reported. The MYO7A gene is responsible for USH1B, the most common subtype. In our analysis, 151 families with Usher I were screened by linkage and mutation analysis. MYO7A mutations were identified in 64 families with Usher I. Of the remaining 87 families, who were negative for MYO7A mutations, 54 were info...

  3. Efecto de algunas prácticas de manejo del agua sobre las perdidas de nitrógeno en el cultivo del arroz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gallardo B. Carlos A.

    1987-12-01

    Full Text Available El experimento se realizó durante el primer semestre de 1986 en el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Palmira, con el objetivo de cuantificar las pérdidas de nitrógeno asimilable según el manejo del agua, en las fases vegetativa, reproductiva y de maduración del arroz (Línea 25702. A mayor volumen de agua aplicado mayores fueron las pérdidas de nitrógeno asimilable en el suelo. Las menores pérdidas de nitrógeno se presentaron entre los 47 y 67 días en todos los tratamientos y las mayores en la fase reproductiva (68 a 105 días después de la siembra.Experiment was carried out at Colombian Agropecuary Institute (lCA Palmira for 1986 a, with primary aim to estimate available N losts in soil under some water management practices on rice (L 25702 during vegetative, reproductive and ripening stages. The greater volumen of applied irrigation water the greater available N losts was showed. Less N losts was showed between 47 and 67 days in all treatments, it being greater in the reproductive stage (68 to 105 days.

  4. Respuesta al estrés por limitación de nitrógeno de plántulas de castilleja tenuiflora benth. cultivadas in vitro.

    OpenAIRE

    Cortes Morales, Jorge Alberto

    2016-01-01

    Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. (Orobanchaceae), es una planta medicinal silvestre que sintetiza diversos compuestos químicos como feniletanoides e iridoides glicosilados y flavonoides. El perfil químico de los cultivos in vitro de C. tenuiflora varía dependiendo de factores bióticos y de factores abióticos como el nitrógeno. El objetivo general de este trabajo fue evaluar la respuesta al estrés por limitación de nitrógeno de plántulas de C. tenuiflora cultivadas in vitro. Se cult...

  5. Generador oxihidrógeno para motor de combustión interna

    OpenAIRE

    Cebrián López, Héctor

    2014-01-01

    La pujada de preus dels carburants per la crisi econòmica actual motiva a investigar fonts d'energia alternatives. Les fonts d'energia convencionals com els combustibles fòssils són contaminants i costoses, i l'hidrogen generat a través de l'electròlisi de l'aigua és una solució ecològica i econòmica. En aquest projecte es dissenya un generador d'oxihidrógeno i s'estudien els efectes de l'addició d'aquest gas en 2 motors de combustió interna de 2 temps i 50 cc. Els resultats indiquen que, ...

  6. Implementación de un generador de hidrógeno de celda seca en un vehículo Chevrolet Steem 1.6L

    OpenAIRE

    Quezada Romero, Edison Miguel; Torres Gualan, Diego Fernando

    2014-01-01

    El documento consiste en la implementación de un generador de gas hidrógeno de celda seca en un vehículo Chevrolet Steem 1.6L, con el fin de adicionar gas hidrógeno a la mezcla aire-combustible que utilizan los motores de combustión interna ciclo Otto con el fin de obtener una combustión completa, reduciendo así la cantidad de emisiones de gases contaminantes hacia la atmosfera. The document consists of implementing a hydrogen gas generator cell dry Steem Chevrolet 1.6L vehicle, in order t...

  7. Unusual xanthomas in a young patient with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and type III hyperlipoproteinemia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Feussner, G.; Dobmeyer, J. [Univ. of Heidelberg (Germany); Nissen, H.; Hansen, T.S. [Odense Univ. Hospital (Denmark)

    1996-10-16

    We report on a 20-year-old man with the combination of two independent familial lipoprotein disorders: heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). Familial hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed by elevated total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and family history. By denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, a G{r_arrow}A splice donor mutation in intron 3 of the proband`s low density lipoprotein receptor gene was identified as the underlying molecular defect. This mutation was described previously as a receptor-negative founder mutation in Norway (FH-Elverum) and subsequently in 6 unrelated heterozygous English patients, creating a severe phenotype of familial hypercholesterolemia. Type III HLP was confirmed by homozygosity for apolipoprotein (apo) E2 and an elevated ratio of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol to serum triglycerides (0.40; normal ratio about 0.20). The patient has unusual flat xanthomas in the interdigital webs of the hands which are normally not found in either disease. These dermatological findings might therefore be indicative of the rare combination of both disorders of lipoprotein metabolism in one individual. 29 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

  8. Rhizobium leguminosarum COMO ORGANISMO BIOCONTROLADOR DE LA INTERACCIÓN HOSPEDERO-PATÓGENO: CLAVEL (Dianthus caryophyllus – Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. dianthi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cheol Woo Lee Park

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Se investigó el efecto de biocontrol de Rhizobium leguminosarum (R. leguminosarum cepa B, contra Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi (FOD raza 2, en la interacción Clavel - FOD. Se utilizó la raza 2 de FOD por ser la de mayor patogenicidad y distribución en las fincas de cultivo de clavel en Colombia. Para ello se establecieron las condiciones de inoculación de FOD sobre cultivos establecidos de R . leguminosarum, variando la concentración in vitro de la bacteria. Se encontró una reducción en el número de microconidias hasta un 90% y una inhibición en el crecimiento radial del patógeno de hasta un 71 %. En el ensayo de microcultivo dual se detectó fraccionamiento de las hifas después de 48 horas de incubación con R . leguminosarum En el ensayo in vivo, los esquejes de clavel Raggio di solé, variedad susceptible al patógeno, fueron inoculados con 45.0 x 10 células de R. leguminosarum por matero, mostrando una severidad inferior al 5%, una incidencia menor del 20% y una reducción del índice de la enfermedad hasta de un 92% en presencia del patógeno.

  9. Effect of physical therapy on joint range of motion and muscle collagen deposition in the golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD model Efeito da fisioterapia na amplitude de movimento articular e deposição de colágeno muscular no modelo golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    TP Gaiad

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effect of physical therapy on joint range of motion (ROM and muscle fibrosis in GRMD animals. METHODS: This was a nonrandomized blinded study with a control group, with six months of intervention evaluated beforehand and afterwards. Six dystrophic male Golden Retrievers of mean age 10.16±3.46 months and weight 17.75±6.01 kg were divided into a treated group (n=3 and an untreated group. These groups of dogs were named: G1=treated group before treatment; G2=treated group after treatment; G3=untreated group before treatment; and G4=untreated group after treatment. G1 underwent a physical therapy program that consisted of a 300-meter circuit with obstacles. Stifle, tarsal, elbow and carpal ROM were assessed using a goniometer before and after treatment. The area of collagen in the vastus lateralis muscle was measured using histomorphometry. The locations of collagen types I, III and IV were studied using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The tarsal ROM values in G2 presented an increasing trend. The area of muscle collagen differed between the groups after treatment and an increasing trend in these values was observed in G4. Collagen types I and III were the ones most frequently observed, forming broad bands in the perimysium of both G2 and G4. Type I collagen was observed in the endomysium more than type III collagen. Type IV collagen was observed only in the basal layer. CONCLUSION: Physical Therapy seemed to improve tarsal ROM in the treated group without increasing muscular fibrosis.OBJETIVO: Elucidar o efeito da fisioterapia na Amplitude de Movimento Articular (ADM e na fibrose muscular em animais GRMD. MÉTODOS: Estudo não randomizado, com grupo controle, cego, seis meses de intervenção, avaliação antes e depois da intervenção. Seis animais da raça Golden Retriever, distróficos, machos, média de idade 10,16±3,46 meses e peso de 17,75±6,01 kg foram separados em grupo tratado (n=3 e não tratado. Esses

  10. On a family of Bessel type functions: Estimations, series, overconvergence

    Science.gov (United States)

    Paneva-Konovska, Jordanka

    2017-12-01

    A family of the Bessel-Maitland functions are considered in this paper and some useful estimations are obtained for them. Series defined by means of these functions are considered and their behaviour on the boundaries of the convergence domains is discussed. Using the obtained estimations, necessary and sufficient conditions for the series overconvergence, as well as Hadamard type theorem are proposed.

  11. Evaluación de los niveles de nitrógeno ureico en sangre de vacas Holstein en etapa post-parto alimentadas con energía de paso

    OpenAIRE

    López B., Adriana; Sari S., Claudio

    2003-01-01

    El nitrógeno ureico presente en la sangre de los bovinos en niveles normales sirve para evaluar como esta la nutrición con respecto a la proteína al relacionar la energía de paso con el nitrógeno ureico en sangre, por que a mayor consumo de proteína mayor consumo de energia de paso Magister en Producción Animal, Mención Bovinos Cuenca

  12. Caracterização fenotípica e molecular de genitores de feijão tipo carioca quanto à resistência a patógenos Phenotypic and molecular characterization of genitors of carioca-type common bean regarding their resistance to pathogens

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Lasaro Pereira de Melo

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi a caracterização fenotípica e molecular de 31 genótipos de feijão do tipo carioca, quanto à resistência aos patógenos da antracnose, ferrugem e mancha-angular. Foram realizadas inoculações com 13 patótipos de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, dois de Uromyces appendiculatus e sete de Pseudocercospora griseola. Na caracterização molecular, foram utilizados cinco marcadores moleculares previamente identificados, ligados a diferentes alelos de resistência aos patógenos. Sete genótipos apresentaram resistência a 12 patótipos de C. lindemuthianum. Nove genótipos apresentaram resistência a cinco patótipos de P. griseola. Dez genótipos foram resistentes aos patótipos de U. appendiculatus. As linhagens VC 2, VC 3 e VC 5, além da Rudá-R (linhagem piramidada com cinco genes que conferem resistência a alguns patótipos de antracnose, ferrugem e mancha-angular, foram as que se destacaram quanto à resistência múltipla aos patógenos acima citados. Foi detectado polimorfismo molecular entre a maioria dos genótipos com a Rudá-R, o que indica a possibilidade de uso dos marcadores moleculares SCARF10, SCARY20, SCARAZ20, SCARH13 e OPX11.The present study aimed at the phenotypic and molecular characterization of 31 genotypes of the carioca-type common bean regarding the resistance to anthracnose, rust and angular leaf spot (ALS pathogens. Thirteen pathotypes of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, two of Uromyces appendiculatus and seven of Pseudocercospora griseola were inoculated. In the molecular characterization, five molecular markers, identified in advance, and linked to the different alleles of pathogens' resistance, were used. Seven genotypes showed resistance to 12 pathotypes of C. lindemuthianum. Nine genotypes presented resistance to five pathotypes of P. griseola. Ten genotypes were resistant to the pathotypes of U. appendiculatus. The lines VC 2, VC 3 and VC 5, besides Rudá-R (line pyramided with five

  13. Family type, domestic violence and under-five mortality in Nigeria.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Titilayo, Ayotunde; Anuodo, Oludare O; Palamuleni, Martin E

    2017-06-01

    Nigeria still showcases unacceptably high under-five mortality despite all efforts to reduce the menace. Investigating the significant predictors of this occurrence is paramount. To examine the interplay between family setting, domestic violence and under-five death in Nigeria. Cross-sectional secondary data, the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, (NDHS) women dataset was utilized. Subset of 26,997 ever married and ever had childbirth experience respondents were extracted from the nationally representative women dataset. Dependent and Independent variables were recoded to suit the statistical analysis for the study. The study revealed that 33.7% of the respondents were in polygyny family setting; one-quarter of the ever married women reported ever experiencing one form of domestic violence or the other. The results of the logistic regressions indicate that family type and domestic violence were significant predictors of under-five children mortality in Nigeria. The study concludes that women who belong to polygyny family setting and who ever experienced sexual domestic violence are highly susceptible to experience under-five children mortality than their counterparts. The study recommends that strategies and policies aimed at improving child survival should strengthen women empowerment initiatives, discourage multiple wives and campaign against domestic violence in Nigeria.

  14. El papel del nitrógeno en agricultura. Zonas vulnerables al nitrato

    OpenAIRE

    Duran Altisent, Jose Maria; Retamal Parra, Norma; Moratiel Yugueros, Ruben

    2010-01-01

    El nitrógeno, cuyo símbolo químico es N, fue descubierto como elemento químico independiente en 1772, por el médico, químico y botánico escocés Daniel Rutherford (1749-1819). El N representa aproximadamente el 78 % del aire atmosférico que respiramos, donde se encuentra mayoritariamente en forma molecular (N2). En la corteza terrestre se encuentra en forma de nitrato sódico (NaNO3, nitrato de Chile), o nitrato potásico (KNO3, salitre). En su forma molecular se comporta como un gas sin col...

  15. Screening for Partner Violence Among Family Mediation Clients: Differentiating Types of Abuse.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cleak, Helen; Schofield, Margot J; Axelsen, Lauren; Bickerdike, Andrew

    2018-04-01

    Family mediation is mandated in Australia for couples in dispute over separation and parenting as a first step in dispute resolution, except where there is a history of intimate partner violence. However, validation of effective well-differentiated partner violence screening instruments suitable for mediation settings is at an early phase of development. This study contributes to calls for better violence screening instruments in the mediation context to detect a differentiated range of abusive behaviors by examining the reliability and validity of both established scales, and newly developed scales that measured intimate partner violence by partner and by self. The study also aimed to examine relationships between types of abuse, and between gender and types of abuse. A third aim was to examine associations between types of abuse and other relationship indicators such as acrimony and parenting alliance. The data reported here are part of a larger mixed method, naturalistic longitudinal study of clients attending nine family mediation centers in Victoria, Australia. The current analyses on baseline cross-sectional screening data confirmed the reliability of three subscales of the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), and the reliability and validity of three new scales measuring intimidation, controlling and jealous behavior, and financial control. Most clients disclosed a history of at least one type of violence by partner: 95% reported psychological aggression, 72% controlling and jealous behavior, 50% financial control, and 35% physical assault. Higher rates of abuse perpetration were reported by partner versus by self, and gender differences were identified. There were strong associations between certain patterns of psychologically abusive behavior and both acrimony and parenting alliance. The implications for family mediation services and future research are discussed.

  16. Inserción de pilas de combustible de hidrógeno en un yate de 45 metros

    OpenAIRE

    Morera Castillo, Eduard

    2014-01-01

    Con este trabajo se persigue la reducción de la contaminación atmosférica producida por el sector marítimo y la presentación del hidrógeno y las pilas de combustible como alternativas a los combustibles fósiles y a los motores y generadores convencionales.

  17. Evaluación de la transferencia de oxígeno en cultivos con lactococcus lactis empleando un sistema de fermentación con aireación externa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrea Soler

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available Título en inglés: Evaluating oxygen transfer in a Lactococcus lactis cultures using an external aeration fermentation system (EAFS Resumen En fermentaciones aerobias el oxígeno, como aceptor terminal de electrones en el proceso de respiración, comúnmente se constituye en limitante debido entre otros factores al diseño del biorreactor (factores geométricos, a las condiciones de operación de los fermentadores (condiciones ambientales requeridas en el cultivo, potencia transferida al cultivo por el sistema de agitación, propiedades del medio líquido, demanda de oxígeno por parte del microorganismo, sistema de aireación (concentración de oxígeno en el gas, solubilidad del oxígeno. La limitación de oxígeno se refleja en la fermentación con Lactococcus lactis cepa IBUN 34.1, en que presenta una baja disponibilidad de oxígeno desde muy temprano en la fase exponencial del cultivo. Para superar estas limitaciones se diseñó y desarrolló un sistema de suministro de oxígeno de alta tasa de transferencia, consistente en un sistema de fermentación con aireación externa (SFAE, el cual es comparado en este trabajo con el sistema tradicional de fermentador agitado dotado con dos turbinas tipo Rushton y aireación por difusor interno. En este trabajo se evalúa la operación del SFAE, se seleccionan y estudian algunas variables operacionales y su efecto sobre la transferencia de oxígeno gas-líquido. Los resultados indican que las variables que tienen efecto significativo sobre el coeficiente volumétrico global de transferencia de masa kLa son la agitación y el flujo de medio de cultivo que circula por el aireador externo denominado flujo de recirculación. Los valores de kLa obtenidos indican que con el fermentador convencional con aireación interna el mayor valor de kLa alcanzado fue de 40,68 (h-1, en tanto que con el SFAE se alcanzaron valores de 63,18 (h-1. Palabras clave: biorreactores; kLa; transferencia de oxígeno

  18. Are family factors universally related to metabolic outcomes in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Cameron, F.J.; Skinner, T.C.; Beaufort, C.E. de

    2008-01-01

    -parent disagreement on responsibility for diabetes care practices (F = 8.46; d.f. = 2; P gender or insulin treatment regimen......Aims To assess the importance of family factors in determining metabolic outcomes in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes in 19 countries. Methods Adolescents with Type 1 diabetes aged 11-18 years, from 21 paediatric diabetes care centres, in 19 countries, and their parents were invited to participate...... a questionnaire. Family demographic factors that were associated with metabolic outcomes included: parents living together (t = 4.1; P 2; d.f. = 3; P diabetes care (r = 0.11; P

  19. Detección de proteínas de adhesión a fibronectina y colágeno presentes en Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gisele Reyes

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Como parte de los estudios encaminados a la obtención de una formulación vacunal por subunidades contra la leptospirosis humana, se describe la purificación y caracterización de las proteínas de unión a fibronectina y a colágeno en Leptospira interrogans. Las proteínas de la membrana externa fueron extraídas mediante la solubilización con Tritón X-114 y se aplicaron en una columna de afinidad de IgG AntiBSA-Sepharose 2B CL, para eliminar la BSA, contaminante principal del medio de cultivo en que crece el microorganismo. La muestra libre de BSA (no fijado se aplicó a una columna de afinidad de fibronectina Sepharose 4B-CNBr, que permitió la separación y detección de una fracción que contenía una proteína de unión a fibronectina presente en la cepa 87 de Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola, cuyo peso molecular fue estimado en 40 kDa. La proteína aislada demostró ser antigénica y conservada en los serovares Canicola, Copenhageni y Mozdok, en el ensayo de inmunodetección utilizado en este estudio (Dot blot. Para ello se utilizaron sueros específicos obtenidos en ratas infectadas experimentalmente con cada serovar y una mezcla de sueros de humanos convalecientes de leptospirosis. Las proteínas de membrana externa solubilizadas con Tritón X-114, libres de BSA, fueron aplicadas también a una columna de afinidad colágeno-Sepharosa 4B-CNBr, que permitió la purificación de una proteína de unión a colágeno con un peso molecular de aproximadamente 25 kDa, la cual resultó ser antigénica frente a sueros de humanos convalecientes de la enfermedad. Ambas proteínas seleccionadas (40 kD y 25 kD podrían ser evaluadas como posibles inmunógenos en futuros estudios encaminados a la obtención de nuevos antígenos vacunales.

  20. ESTUDIO DEL EFECTO DE ISOTÓPO DE HIDRÓGENO EN LOS COMPLEJOS M–H•••H–F (M=Li, Na

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Reyes

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió teóricamente el efecto de isotópo de hidrógeno sobre la geometría, la distribución de carga electrónica, la estabilidad relativa y la energía de formación de complejos lineales tipo M–X···Y–F y todos sus isotopólogos de hidrógeno (M=Li, Na; X, Y= H, D, T. Estos estudios fueron realizados con el paquete computacional APMO a un nivel de teoría Hartree-Fock electrónico y nuclear. Los resultados obtenidos están de acuerdo con resultados reportados por otros autores que usan métodos de estructura electrónica convencional.  

  1. Caracterización de un proceso de biorremediación de hidrocarburos en deficiencia de nitrógeno en un suelo de la Patagonia Argentina

    OpenAIRE

    Acuña, Adrián Javier; Pucci Ceima, Oscar Héctor; Pucci Bissetta, Graciela Natalia

    2008-01-01

    La zona central de la Patagonia, Argentina, se encuentra sometida a explotación petrolera y sus suelos se caracterizan por ser deficientes en nitrógeno. Esto causaría un efecto negativo en los procesos de atenuación natural que se desarrollan en los suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos. El objeto de este estudio fue determinar cual es el efecto de la deficiencia de nitrógeno sobre la biodegradación de los hidrocarburos en un suelo de la Patagonia, Argentina. Se trabajó con tres micr...

  2. Impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the family is reduced with the medical home, care coordination, and family-centered care.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Katz, Michelle L; Laffel, Lori M; Perrin, James M; Kuhlthau, Karen

    2012-05-01

    To examine whether the medical home, care coordination, or family-centered care was associated with less impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) on families' work, finances, time, and school attendance. With the 2005 to 2006 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, we compared impact in children with T1D (n = 583) with that in children with other special health care needs (n = 39 944) and children without special health care needs (n = 4945). We modeled the associations of the medical home, care coordination, and family-centered care with family impact in T1D. Seventy-five percent of families of children with T1D reported a major impact compared with 45% of families of children with special health care needs (P families of children without special health care needs (P families of children with T1D, 35% reported restricting work, 38% reported financial impact, 41% reported medical expenses >$1000/year, 24% reported spending ≥11 hours/week caring or coordination care, and 20% reported ≥11 school absences/year. The medical home, care coordination, and family-centered care were associated with less work and financial impact. In childhood T1D, most families experience major impact. Better systems of health care delivery may help families reduce some of this impact. Copyright © 2012 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Actividad in vitro de bacterias endófitas fijadoras de nitrógeno y solubilizadoras de fosfatos.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexander Pérez-Cordero

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar in vitro la actividad fijadora de nitrógeno y solubilizadora de fosfato de bacterias endófitas de pasto colosoana (Bothriochloa pertusa. Se colectó la raíz, los tallos y las hojas del pasto en cuatro zonas agroecológicas del municipio de Corozal, Sucre, Colombia, durante el segundo semestre del año 2012. Cada tejido fue sometido a proceso de desinfección superficial. Se aislaron bacterias endófitas en medio de cultivo agar R2A, a partir de cada tejido se determinó la densidad poblacional (UFC/g de tejido, por conteo en superficie; la separación de morfotipos se realizó mediante la forma, color, tamaño y apariencia. La actividad fijadora de nitrógeno y solubilizadora de fosfato se evaluó in vitro sobre medios de cultivos específicos. Todos los resultados obtenidos fueron analizados utilizando el programa estadístico R. Hubo diferencias significativas para densidades poblacional de bacterias con respecto a tejido, con mayores valores en raíz (1,61 x 1010/g raíz, seguida de tallo (7,44 x 109/g tallo y los valores más bajos se reportaron para hojas (5,42 x 109/g hoja. Se encontró significancia entre la densidad poblacional con relación a los factores de zona, fincas y tipo de tejido analizado. Los resultados de la identificación con kit API20E confirmaron la presencia de las bacterias endófitas Aeromonas salmonicida y Pasteurella pneumotropica con capacidad simultánea de solubilizar fosfatos y fijar nitrógeno.

  4. La criptosporidiosis en la región andina de Colombia: seroprevalencia y reconocimiento de antígenos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vergara Castiblanco Claudia

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar, por primera vez, la seroprevalencia de la criptosporidiosis en habitantes urbanos y rurales de distintos departamentos de la región andina de Colombia. Se estudió también el reconocimiento de antígenos de Cryptosporidium parvum por los sueros. Entre junio de 1996 y octubre de 1998 se recogieron 1 778 muestras séricas de personas seleccionadas mediante un muestreo "de conveniencia". La detección de anticuerpos (IgM, IgA e IgG anti-C. parvum se realizó mediante la técnica de ELISA y el reconocimiento de antígenos, por una técnica de inmunoelectrotransferencia. Se halló una prevalencia de 83,3%, mientras que los porcentajes de anticuerpos fueron 72,2% de IgM; 27,7% de IgA y 27,6% de IgG. Los porcentajes de seropositividad más altos se obtuvieron en mujeres, menores de 30 años de edad y personas de procedencia rural. Se observó que la seroprevalencia de IgM disminuye a medida que aumenta la edad, mientras que las de IgG e IgA aumentan al par que la edad. Estos tres isotipos reconocieron con mayor frecuencia los antígenos de 51 a 69 kDa, que pueden considerarse inmunodominantes. Se destacó la inmunorreactividad de IgM e IgA a fracciones proteínicas de 12 a 14 kDa y de 42 a 48 kDa, respectivamente, lo que podría indicar exposición al parásito. Estos resultados parecen indicar que la criptosporidiosis es endémica en esa región de Colombia, por lo que es posible atribuir muchos casos de síndrome diarreico a C. parvum.

  5. Preparación, caracterización y aplicación como plataformas bioactivas de materiales compuestos formados por politiofeno y colágeno

    OpenAIRE

    Illera Bautista, Cristina

    2014-01-01

    El objetivo del trabajo es preparar mezclas compuestas por una proteína, en este caso colágeno tipo I, y un polímero conductor, poli[2,2’-(3-metil-acetato)tiofeno] (P3TMA), un derivado soluble de politiofeno. Para ello se ensayan diferentes metodologías para la preparación de las películas, tales como drop-casting y spin-coating. La proporción de proteína en las mezclas de colágeno/P3TMA es baja, variando entre el 5% y el 0,5% dependiendo de la técnica de preparación empleada, debido a la...

  6. Plesiomonas shigelloides: um enteropatógeno emergente?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. P. FALCãO

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available

    Plesiomonas shigelloides é um bacilo Gram-negativo, pertencente à família Enterobacteriaceae, isolado de água doce e salgada, de peixes de água doce, mariscos e de inúmeros tipos de animais. Suspeita-se que a maioria das infecções humanas causadas por P. shigelloides, seja veiculada pela água, pois a bactéria está presente em águas não tratadas que são usadas para beber, águas recreacionais ou água para lavar alimentos que são consumidos sem cozimento ou aquecimento. A ingestão de P. shigelloides não causa sempre doença no animal hospedeiro, mas o microrganismo pode permanecer temporariamente como membro transitório não infeccioso da microbiota intestinal. A bactéria é isolada de fezes de pacientes com diarréia, mas algumas vezes também de fezes de indivíduos sem sintomas. A doença causada por P. shigelloides é a gastrenterite, que normalmente é auto-limitante, com febre, calafrio, dor abdominal, náusea, diarréia ou vômito. Em casos graves, as fezes diarréicas podem ser verde-amareladas, espumosas e com presença de sangue. A bactéria pode também causar infecções extra-intestinais. Ademais, pode produzir toxinas e ser invasora. As características utilizadas para considerar P. shigelloides como um enteropatógeno não são totalmente convincentes. Embora seja isolada de pacientes com diarréia e incriminada em vários surtos epidêmicos envolvendo água e alimentos contaminados, não foi possível identificar em muitas amostras de P. shigelloides, associadas com infecções gastrintestinais, um mecanismo de virulência definitivo. Palavras-chave: P. shigelloides; enteropatógeno; gastrenterite; diarréia; infecções extra-intestinais.

  7. IMPACTO DEL PETRÓLEO CRUDO EN SUELO SOBRE LA MICROBIOTA DE VIDA LIBRE FIJADORA DE NITRÓGENO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mayra Vázquez-Luna

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Los derrames de petróleo afectan las propiedades físicas del suelo y especialmente las poblaciones naturales de microorganismos. En particular causan disminución en bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno de vida libre, encargadas de asimilar y reciclar nutrientes en los ciclos biogeoquímicos; al alterarse éstos, se afecta la fertilidad del suelo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el impacto del petróleo crudo sobre bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno de vida libre en un suelo bajo condiciones controladas. Se experimentó en suelo contaminado con cinco concentraciones de petróleo (1200, 3500, 10,000, 20,000 y 40,000 mg kg-1 en peso seco en un diseño completamente al azar. Se midieron las poblaciones bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno de vida libre en cada concentración. El índice del impacto microbiano de las bacterias mostró que al final de la prueba (219 h, en cada una de las cinco concentraciones de petróleo hubo un incremento exponencial de colonias bacterianas altamente significativo (P ≤ 0.01, 2 a 3.5 veces más abundantes que en el testigo. Se infiere un fenómeno de recolonización y adaptación al medio. A nivel macroscópico, en los tratamientos con mayor concentración de petróleo hubo menor diversidad de colonias, pero las poblaciones fueron significativamente mayores. También, en los tratamientos de mayor concentración del hidrocarburo, se observaron colonias bacterianas no presentes en el tratamiento testigo. Las bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno de vida libre podrían adaptarse a condiciones adversas. La selección de las más aptas sería útil en la biorremediación o saneamiento de zonas impactadas por petróleo crudo.

  8. Familial temporal lobe epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia type IIIa.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fabera, Petr; Krijtova, Hana; Tomasek, Martin; Krysl, David; Zamecnik, Josef; Mohapl, Milan; Jiruska, Premysl; Marusic, Petr

    2015-09-01

    Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) represents a common cause of refractory epilepsy. It is considered a sporadic disorder, but its occasional familial occurrence suggests the involvement of genetic mechanisms. Siblings with intractable epilepsy were referred for epilepsy surgery evaluation. Both patients were examined using video-EEG monitoring, MRI examination and PET imaging. They underwent left anteromedial temporal lobe resection. Electroclinical features pointed to left temporal lobe epilepsy and MRI examination revealed typical signs of left-sided hippocampal sclerosis and increased white matter signal intensity in the left temporal pole. PET examination confirmed interictal hypometabolism in the left temporal lobe. Histopathological examination of resected tissue demonstrated the presence FCD type IIIa, i.e. hippocampal sclerosis and focal cortical dysplasia in the left temporal pole. We present a unique case of refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in siblings, characterized by an identical clinical profile and histopathology of FCD type IIIa, who were successfully treated by epilepsy surgery. The presence of such a high concordance between the clinical and morphological data, together with the occurrence of epilepsy and febrile seizures in three generations of the family pedigree points towards a possible genetic nature of the observed FCD type IIIa. Copyright © 2015 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Characteristics of the Danish families with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jäger, Anne Charlotte; Friis-Hansen, Lennart; Hansen, Thomas v.O.

    2006-01-01

    Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is caused by autosomal dominantly inherited mutations in the MEN1 gene. Here, we report 25 MEN1 mutations - of which 12 are novel - found in 36 Danish families with MEN1 or variant MEN1 disease. Furthermore, one FIHP family was found to have an earlier...... reported mutation. The mutations were predominantly found in exons 9 and 10 encoding the C-terminal part of menin. Seven of the mutations were missense mutations, changing conserved residues. Furthermore screening of 93 out of 153 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) identified five...... mutation carriers. Two of these belonged to known MEN1 families, whereas the only MEN1-related disease in the other three was pHPT. Screening of 96 consecutive patients with fore-/midgut endocrine tumours revealed five mutation carries out of 28 patients with sporadic gastrinomas, whereas no mutations were...

  10. A Müntz type theorem for a family of corner cutting schemes

    KAUST Repository

    Ait-Haddou, Rachid; Sakane, Yusuke; Nomura, Taishin

    2013-01-01

    Dimension elevation process of Gelfond–Bézier curves generates a family of control polygons obtained through a sequence of corner cuttings. We give a Müntz type condition for the convergence of the generated control polygons to the underlying curve

  11. Nuevos registros de hongos entomopatógenos en acridios (Orthoptera: Acridoidea de la República Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sebastian A. PELIZZA

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Los acridios (tucuras y langostas continúan ocasionando pérdidas económicas en la agricultura a nivel mundial. En Argentina, la importancia de estos insectos ha sido reconocida desde mediados del siglo XIX, dependiendo de la región considerada y en relación al progresivo desarrollo agropecuario en el país. Los hongos son los microorganismos parásitos de insectos más frecuentemente encontrados en la naturaleza y la mayoría de las investigaciones con hongos entomopatógenos se ha centrado en su desarrollo como bioplaguicidas. En el presente trabajo se dan a conocer cinco registros nuevos de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv. Vuill., y dos de Entomophaga grylli (Fresen. A. Batko que se encontraron afectando distintas especies de acridios; se amplía así la distribución geográfica y el espectro hospedador para estas especies fúngicas. Cabe destacar que con el aporte de estos siete registros nuevos, el número total de hongos entomopatógenos de acridios citados para la República Argentina se eleva de 22 a 29.

  12. ESTUDIO TEÓRICO DEL EFECTO ISOTÓPICO DE HIDRÓGENO EN EL ADUCTO BORANO – CARBONILO.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neftali Forero

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Hemos estudiado el efecto de la sustitución isotópica de hidrógeno sobre la geometría, la estructura electrónica y la estabilidad del aducto borano-carbonilo, mediante el método del orbital molecular núcleo-electrónico (OMNE implementado en el paquete computacional APMO. Se encontró que el aumento de la masa isotópica acorta las distancias de enlace boro-isótopo y carbono-oxígeno mientras que alarga la distancia boro-carbono. Se determinó además la estabilidad del aducto a partir de las energías de formación y las distancias de enlace B-C. Se encontró que el aumento de la masa isotópica debilita el enlace B-C. Una primera explicación de este fenómeno en términos del concepto de acidez de Lewis predijo resultados contrarios a los encontrados mientras que un modelo de reactividad basado en las diferencias de las energías de los orbitales LUMO del borano permitió dar cuenta de este efecto.

  13. Work–family conflict based on strain: The most hazardous type of conflict in Iranian hospitals nurses

    OpenAIRE

    Morteza Charkhabi; Riccardo Sartori; Andrea Ceschi

    2016-01-01

    Orientation: Work and family conflicts continuously and negatively affect employees’ performance. Previous research has mostly studied the impact of the two distinct dimensions of work–family conflict (WFC) and family–work conflict (FWC) on health outcomes, whereas the impact of more specific dimensions of these two general types of conflict on health outcomes is little known. Therefore, we now need to also measure the impact of more specified types of these conflicts on health outcomes. ...

  14. Energía renovable e hidrógeno generados in situ para riego y movilidad en viñedos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carroquino Javier

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available La energía utilizada en agricultura es fuente de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Para reducir las producidas por el uso de gasóleo y electricidad, el proyecto europeo LIFE REWIND aborda el suministro desde fuentes renovables. Para ello, se ha caracterizado la demanda energética y recursos renovables en viñedo y bodega. Se ha buscado el diseño óptimo económico y medioambiental de la generación. Se ha instalado un prototipo en una explotación vitivinícola, con generación fotovoltaica, incluyendo un conjunto flotante sobre una balsa. Esto evita el uso de terreno, reduce la pérdida de agua de la balsa y mejora el rendimiento de los paneles fotovoltaicos. La electricidad producida alimenta la depuración de agua y el bombeo de riego por goteo del viñedo. Con la energía sobrante, un electrolizador produce hidrógeno mediante electrólisis del agua, que es utilizado por un vehículo todoterreno con pila de combustible. Los resultados muestran la viabilidad técnica y económica de los sistemas autónomos de energía renovable para alimentar el riego estacional en los viñedos. Así se evitan las extensiones indiscriminadas de la red y los grupos electrógenos diésel. Adicionalmente se muestra la posibilidad de reemplazar el gasóleo por electricidad o hidrógeno producido en la propia explotación.

  15. Diabetes care provider perceptions on family challenges of pediatric type 1 diabetes

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pediatric healthcare providers' perspectives on barriers to diabetes self-management among youth with type 1 diabetes and strategies to overcome them were explored qualitatively. Family conflict about diabetes care was viewed as a common problem, addressable by behavioral interventions to improve co...

  16. The relationship between family functioning and the crime types in incarcerated children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Teker, Kamil; Topçu, Seda; Başkan, Sevgi; Orhon, Filiz Ş; Ulukol, Betül

    2017-06-01

    We investigated the relationship between the family functioning and crime types in incarcerated children. One hundred eighty two incarcerated children aged between 13-18 years who were confined in child-youth prisons and child correctional facilities were enrolled into this descriptive study. Participants completed demographic questions and the McMaster Family Assessment Device (Epstein, Baldwin, & Bishop, 1983) (FAD) with face to face interviews. The crime types were theft, assault (bodily injury), robbery, sexual assault, drug trafficker and murder. The socio-demographic characteristics were compared by using FAD scale, and growing up in a nuclear family had statistically significant better scores for problem solving and communication subscales and the children whose parents had their own house had significantly better problem solving scores When we compared the crime types of children by using problem solving, communication and general functioning subscales of FAD, we found statistical lower scores in assault (bodily injury) group than in theft, sexual assault, murder groups and in drug trafficker group than in murder group, also we found lower scores in drug trafficker group than in theft group for problem solving and general functioning sub-scales, also there were lower scores in bodily injury assault group than in robbery, theft groups and in drug trafficker than in theft group for problem solving subscale. The communication and problem solving sub-scales of FAD are firstly impaired scales for the incarcerated children. We mention these sub-scales are found with unplanned and less serious crimes and commented those as cry for help of the children.

  17. Genetic counseling for a three-generation Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II associated with a rare SOX10 mutation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Kaitian; Zong, Ling; Zhan, Yuan; Wu, Xuan; Liu, Min; Jiang, Hongyan

    2015-05-01

    Waardenburg syndrome is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. The SOX10 mutation related with Waardenburg syndrome type II is rare in Chinese. This study aimed to uncover the genetic causes of Waardenburg syndrome type II in a three-generation family to improve genetic counseling. Complete clinical and molecular evaluations were conducted in a three-generation Han Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II. Targeted genetic counseling was provided to this family. We identified a rare heterozygous dominant mutation c.621C>A (p.Y207X) in SOX10 gene in this family. The premature termination codon occurs in exon 4, 27 residues downstream of the carboxyl end of the high mobility group box. Bioinformatics prediction suggested this variant to be disease-causing, probably due to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Useful genetic counseling was given to the family for prenatal guidance. Identification of a rare dominant heterozygous SOX10 mutation c.621C>A in this family provided an efficient way to understand the causes of Waardenburg syndrome type II and improved genetic counseling. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Expresión de β-1,3-Glucanasas de Beauveria bassiana en cultivo con extracto de los fitopatógenos Peronospora variabilis y Fusarium oxysporum

    OpenAIRE

    Montoya Espinoza, W. Jhoel; Nolasco Cárdenas, Oscar P; Acuña Payano, Rosalyn K; Gutiérrez, Ana I. F

    2016-01-01

    El hongo Beauveria bassiana Vuill. es muy conocido por su capacidad entomopatógena, pero también existe referencias de ser un hongo antagonista, una de las posibles formas de su antagonismo es la antibiosis debido a la presencia de enzimas hidrolíticas en su genoma. Las principales enzimas expresadas contra fitopatógenos son las β-1,3-glucanasas, ya que la pared celular de los fitopatógenos como hongos y oomycetes está constituida en su mayoría por polímeros de β-1,3-glucanos. Se evaluó por q...

  19. Análise histomorfométrica dos cardiomiócitos e deposição de colágeno no músculo cardíaco de ratas ooforectomizadas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria C.R. Silva

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Resumo: Esse estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da ooforectomia sob os parâmetros histomorfométricos dos cardiomiócitos e quantificação de colágeno em ratas Wistar. Vinte ratas foram utilizadas e separadas em dois grupos: GI - ooforectomizada e GII - sham-ooforectomizada. Após a recuperação anestésica os animais foram acomodados em gaiolas e separados nas condições de ciclo claro/escuro 12/12h por um período de 6 meses. Passado o período experimental, os animais foram anestesiados, o coração retirado e mergulhado em formaldeído a 10%. Os fragmentos dos ventrículos foram submetidos ao processamento histológico e corados com hematoxilina e eosina. As análises histomorfométricas (área celular e área e volume nuclear foram realizadas pelo microscópio de luz e software ImageJ versão 1.44. Os dados foram submetidos à análise ANOVA e quando significantes, complementados pelo teste t de student (p<0,001. Observou-se uma diminuição significativa das áreas celular e nuclear dos cardiomiócitos do grupo GI quando comparado ao grupo GII, bem como a área ocupada, pelo colágeno, no músculo cardíaco foi maior em GI, quando comparado a GII. Diante disso, conclui-se que as alterações observadas nos cardiomiócitos do grupo GI, sugerem uma maior atividade apoptótica nesse grupo, devido à diminuição dos níveis séricos do estrógeno provocado pela ooforectomia e o aumento da área ocupada pelo colágeno, no grupo ooforectomizado, está associada ao efeito cardioprotetor do estrógeno.

  20. Understanding Family Caregiver Communication to Provide Family-Centered Cancer Care.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wittenberg, Elaine; Buller, Haley; Ferrell, Betty; Koczywas, Marianna; Borneman, Tami

    2017-12-01

    To describe a family caregiver communication typology and demonstrate identifiable communication challenges among four caregiver types: Manager, Carrier, Partner, and Lone. Case studies based on interviews with oncology family caregivers. Each caregiver type demonstrates unique communication challenges that can be identified. Recognition of a specific caregiver type will help nurses to adapt their own communication to provide tailored support. Family-centered cancer care requires attention to the communication challenges faced by family caregivers. Understanding the challenges among four family caregiver communication types will enable nurses to better address caregiver burden and family conflict. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. Family physicians clinical aptitude for the nutritional management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Guadalajara, Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cabrera Pivaral, C E; Gutiérrez Roman, E A; Gonzalez Pérez, G; Gonzalez Reyes, F; Valadez Toscano, F; Gutiérrez Ruvalcaba, C; Rios Riebeling, C D

    2008-02-01

    There are 180,000 new Diabetes Mellitus cases in Mexico each year (1). This chronic, complex and multifactor disease requires an adequate nutritional management plan to be prescribed by family physicians. They should be trained to identify the potential difficulties in the patient's dietary schedule and orientate their management from an integrative point of view. The purpose of this study was to detect and measure family physician's clinical aptitudes for the nutritional management of Type 2 diabetes, in a representative family physician's sample from five Family Medicine Units of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. A structured and validated instrument was applied to 117 physicians from a total of 450 in Guadalajara, Jalisco. The main study variable was clinical aptitude for nutritional management of Type 2 diabetes. Aptitude levels were defined by an ordinal scale and related to the other variables using the median, Mann-Whitney's U test and Kruskal Wallis (KW) test. Global results showed a median of 30 points that relates to a low and a very low aptitude level for the 72% of physicians without statistical significance (KW: p>0.05) with the rest of variables. These results reflect family physician's difficulties to orientate the nutritional management of Type 2 diabetes, as well as the lack of work environments that facilitate case reflection and formative educational strategies.

  2. Bacillus anthracis: una mirada molecular a un patógeno célebre Bacillus anthracis: a molecular look at a famous pathogen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María E Pavan

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Bacillus anthracis es un bacilo gram positivo del grupo Bacillus cereus, que posee un genoma extremadamente monomórfco y comparte gran similitud fsiológica y de estructura genética con B. cereus y Bacillus thuringiensis. En este artículo se describen nuevos métodos moleculares para la identifcación y tipifcación de B. anthracis, basados en repeticiones en tándem de número variable o en diferencias genéticas detectadas por secuenciación, desarrollados en los últimos años. Los aspectos moleculares de los factores de virulencia tradicionales, cápsula, antígeno protector, factor letal y factor edema se describen en profundidad, junto con factores de virulencia recientemente propuestos, como los sideróforos, petrobactina y bacilibactina, la adhesina de la capa S y la lipoproteína MntA. También se detalla la organización molecular de los megaplásmidos pXO1 y pXO2, incluyendo la isla de patogenicidad de pXO1. El esqueleto genético de estos plásmidos se ha encontrado en otras especies relacionadas, probablemente debido a eventos de transferencia lateral. Finalmente, se presentan los dos receptores celulares del antígeno protector, ANTXR1/TEM8 y ANTXR2/CMG2, esenciales en la interacción del patógeno con el hospedador. Los estudios moleculares realizados en los últimos años han permitido aumentar enormemente el conocimiento de los diferentes aspectos de este microorganismo y su relación con el hospedador, pero a la vez han abierto nuevos interrogantes sobre este notorio patógeno.Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive rod belonging to the Bacillus cereus group, has an extremely monomorphic genome, and presents high structural and physiological similarity with B. cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. In this work, the new molecular methods for the identifcation and typing of B. anthracis developed in the last years, based on variable number tandem repeats or on genetic differences detected through sequencing, are described. The

  3. Microorganismos patógenos en Jatropha curcas Linnaeus. Estrategias potenciales para su manejo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O Alonso

    Full Text Available Jatropha curcas Linnaeus (piñón botija, considerada la gran promesa verde para el biodiesel, es una planta de la que existen considerables incógnitas en el ámbito científico desde el punto de vista agronómico, sobre todo en lo referente a los microorganismos causantes de enfermedades, entre las que sobresale la conocida como damping off (estrangulamiento de las plántulas que es provocada por varias especies de hongos. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es compilar la mayor cantidad de información sobre los principales microorganismos fitopatógenos que afectan a J. curcas, así como las posibles estrategias para su manejo, con el fin de obtener rendimientos eficientes y rentables de este cultivo energético en Cuba. Se encontraron 48 agentes causales de enfermedades; los más representativos fueron los hongos, entre los que predominan los que producen la roya y el mildiu polvoso, fundamentalmente. En cuanto al manejo fitosanitario, se citan las medidas culturales preventivas y las químicas, como curativas. De ahí que en Cuba, al igual que en otros países donde se cultiva el piñón botija, sea imprescindible conocer los fitopatógenos que pueden reducir los rendimientos de dicha planta, para después implementar un sistema de manejo fitosanitario que contribuya a evitar pérdidas considerables en la producción de biodiesel como producto final.

  4. Empresa, conocimiento e innovación factores claves del modelo de desarrollo endógeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lissette Hernández

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available La globalización y el aumento de la competencia entre las empresas y entre los territorios ha llevado a las ciudades y a las regiones urbanas a fortalecer las ventajas competitivas derivadas de sus capacidades y potencialidades productivas, mediante la mejora de los recursos locales, la diferenciación de sus sistemas de producción y la especialización con respecto a las demás ciudades y regiones del sistema global. Es precisamente este entorno el que ha originado el renacimiento de las teorías de desarrollo endógeno como instrumento para el análisis y la acción de políticas públicas en muchos países latinoamericanos, y actualmente con una notable vigencia en Venezuela. De allí que el presente artículo tenga como objetivo sistematizar el acervo de teorías que fundamentan el modelo de desarrollo endógeno, el cual tiene sus raíces en las grandes teorías del desarrollo (la teoría del gran impulso o empujón, la teoría del crecimiento dualista, la teoría de la dependencia, y la teoría territorial del desarrollo, identificando los conceptos y lasrelaciones que perduran en la interpretación del desarrollo endógeno; así como los factores determinantes o clave en este modelo. Para su desarrollo se empleó un diseño de investigación no experimental de carácter bibliográfico o documental, con un tipo de estudio descriptivo. En este sentido, es menester destacar la revisión de teorías que sobre esta temática han erigido autores como Arocena (1995, Boisier (1997, 1998 y 2003, Sunkel (1969 y 1973, y muy especialmente los aportes teóricos de Vázquez Barquero (1982, 1988, 1993, 1999 y 2005. Entre las principales conclusiones destaca la importancia de la empresa como protagonista de la actividad productiva, y del conocimiento y la innovación como factores catalizadores del crecimiento y desarrollo local, mediante la formación de redes empresariales que permitan la creación de un entorno innovador.

  5. Alternativas orgánicas para disminuir la aplicación de nitrógeno en nogal pecanero

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel Soto Parra

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: El nitrógeno es el nutriente más demandado por los árboles de nogal pecanero, por lo que es considerado un factor limitante para su desarrollo, producción y calidad de la nuez. Sin embargo, ante el aumento en el precio de los fertilizantes y sus efectos adversos en el ambiente, actualmente es más evidente la necesidad de aplicar nutrientes de manera sustentable. Una alternativa para disminuir la aplicación de fertilizantes nitrogenados inorgánicos en nogal pecanero, es complementarlo con composta, humus de lombriz, lixiviado de lombriz y microorganismos potenciadores de la fertilidad del suelo, como son las micorrizas, entre otros. Por lo que el objetivo del estudio fue reducir la aplicación de nitrógeno inorgánico al suelo mediante la adición de enmiendas orgánicas y microorganismos potenciadores de la fertilidad del suelo sin afectar producción ni calidad. Método: El estudio se realizó en el municipio de Aldama, Chihuahua, durante los ciclos 2010-2012 en árboles ‘Western Schley’, se utilizó una estructura Taguchi L16 para cuatro factores y cuatro niveles para cada factor: nitrógeno 330, 220, 110 y 0 kg ha-1; composta 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 t ha-1; humus de lombriz (OptiHumusMR 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 t ha-1 y micorrizas (Sehumic-VamMR 0, 7.5, 15.0, 22.5 g pulg-1 de tronco. Se determinó el contenido de materia orgánica y nitratos en el suelo, producción y calidad de la nuez, los cuales se analizaron por superficie de respuesta. Resultados: A pesar de que para producir 2.9 t ha-1 se logró reducir la aplicación de nitrógeno, este nivel no permitió obtener una buena calidad de la nuez ni alcanzar un contenido adecuado de materia orgánica y nitratos en suelo. Para un rendimiento de 2.9 t ha-1 con 153 nueces kg-1 y 59.4% de nuez comestible, 1.06% de materia orgánica y 183 ppm de nitratos en suelo se requirieron 305 kg de N, 6600 kg de composta, 3500 kg de humus de lombriz y 18 g de micorrizas por pulg-1 de tronco

  6. Caracterização de colágenos tipos I e III no estroma do carcinoma de células escamosas cutâneo em cães

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    S.A.O. Bedoya

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE é uma neoplasia epitelial maligna que acomete cães e diversas outras espécies, incluindo a humana. O CCE afeta vários sítios anatômicos e pode desenvolver metástase. O objetivo deste estudo foi a caracterização das fibras de colágenos tipos I e III no estroma do CCE cutâneo de cães. Para este trabalho, utilizaram-se 44 amostras de pele incluídas em parafina e que tiveram prévio diagnóstico de CCE. As amostras foram processadas histologicamente e coradas com hematoxilina/eosina para confirmação do diagnóstico e classificação do grau de diferenciação tumoral e com a coloração histoquímica de picrosirius para observação dos colágenos tipos I e III. O colágeno tipo III mostrou maior expressão nos CCEs cutâneos bem diferenciados. O papel do colágeno do tipo III nas neoplasias não está bem esclarecido, e outros fatores além do grau de diferenciação celular podem estar envolvidos em sua expressão e determinar sua importância na biologia tumoral.

  7. Detección del antígeno Tn en tumores epiteliales con la lectina de Vicia villosa isolectina B4.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Catalina Limpias

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Antecedentes. Los epítopes T, Tn y sTn, se expresan en un alto porcentaje de tumores epiteliales y pueden detectarse con anticuerpos monoclonales y lectinas. Objetivo. Evaluar diferencias de expresión del antígeno Tn en cortes histológicos de epitelios no neoplásicos y tumores epiteliales mediante isolectina B4 de Vicia villosa. Material y métodos. Se evaluaron semicuantitativamente localización, intensidad y porcentaje de expresión del antígeno en carcinomas in-situ e infiltrantes y epitelios no neoplásicos de cérvix, seno y urotelio, mediante isolectina B4. Resultados La expresión de Tn en cérvix predominó en membrana de células no neoplásicas y citoplasma de células tumorales; su intensidad fue mayor en carcinomas in-situ e infiltrantes comparado con epitelio no neoplásico aunque en este el porcentaje de expresión fue mayor. En seno, la expresión de Tn fue predominantemente citoplasmática con intensidad similar, el porcentaje de expresión fué mayor en carcinomas ductales in-situ e infiltrantes. En urotelio no neoplásico y tumoral la expresión de Tn predominó en citoplasma; la intensidad y el porcentaje de expresión fueron mayores en neoplasias no invasivas de bajo y alto grado, mientras que en urotelio no neoplásico fue baja y no hubo tendencia definida en tumores infiltrantes. Conclusiones. La detección del antígeno Tn mediante la lectina VVB4 mostró una mayor extensión de marcación en carcinomas ductales de seno en relación con el epitelio no neoplásico, pero no mostró una tendencia definida entre el tejido normal, ni diferentes etapas del desarrollo de los tumores de cérvix y urotelio. Estos hallazgos pueden atribuirse a la heterogeneidad de los procesos carcinogénicos o a que la especificidad de la lectina VVB4 no está restringida a este antígeno.

  8. A Japanese Family With Autosomal Dominant Oculocutaneous Albinism Type 4.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oki, Ryoko; Yamada, Kisaburo; Nakano, Satoko; Kimoto, Kenichi; Yamamoto, Ken; Kondo, Hiroyuki; Kubota, Toshiaki

    2017-02-01

    We report the clinical characteristics of a Japanese family with autosomal dominant oculocutaneous albinism and a SLC45A2 gene mutation. A total of 16 members of a Japanese family with general hypopigmentation and foveal hypoplasia underwent detailed clinical examinations. We evaluated the severity of foveal hypoplasia using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and graded it according to the criteria of Thomas et al. DNA was extracted from 17 family members and used for genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping and linkage analysis. Mutational search was performed for the SLC45A2 gene responsible for oculocutaneous albinism type 4 (OCA4). All 16 patients exhibited hypopigmentation of their hair and/or iris. They showed foveal hypoplasia, including 3 patients with grade 1 foveal hypoplasia, 7 with grade 2, and 6 with grade 3. No patient had grade 4 foveal hypoplasia. Optical coherence tomography showed macular ganglion cell complex thinning in the temporal area, and a slight reduction of visual field sensitivity in the centrotemporal area. A maximum multipoint parametric logarithm of the odds (LOD) score of approximately 2.00 to 3.56 was obtained on chromosome 5, spanning approximately 7.2 Mb between rs13187570 and rs395967 that included the SLC45A2 gene. All affected members showed a novel heterozygous variant, c.208T>C (p.Y70H), in the SLC45A2 gene, which supported a diagnosis of OCA4. The present study reports a very rare family with autosomal dominant OCA4 whose diagnosis was confirmed by a mutational analysis. Most family members exhibited mild general hypopigmentation and low-grade foveal hypoplasia.

  9. Three cases of Waardenburg syndrome type 2 in a Korean family.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Choi, Joong Hyuk; Moon, Sung-Kyun; Lee, Ki Hwang; Lew, Ho Min; Chang, Yoon-Hee

    2004-12-01

    Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, pigmentary disturbances of the skin, hair, and iris, and other developmental defects such as lateral displacement of both medial canthi and lacrimal puncta called dystopia canthorum. While mutations of the PAX3 (paired box) gene have been identified in about 99% of WS type 1 cases, WS type 2 is a heterogeneous group, with about 15% of cases caused by mutations in microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF). We have experienced three cases of typical WS type 2 in a Korean family, for whom full ocular examination and genetic studies were performed. The genetic studies revealed no mutation in either PAX3 or MITF genes. The genetic basis, as yet unknown for most cases of WS type 2, might be found with further investigation.

  10. Vacuna atenuada de Salmonella como vector de antígenos heterólogos

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    Oscar G. Gómez

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available Salmonella enterica, serotipo Typhi, es el agente etiológico de la fiebre tifoidea de los habitantes de las regiones más pobres del mundo y es, además. el centro de atención de muchos investigadores dados sus fascinantes mecanismos de invasión, multiplicación intracelular y diseminación intercelular que expresa in vivo e in vitro. Aunque estos mecanismos se asocian directamente con la patogenicidad y la severidad de la enfermedad, las mutaciones definidas en el cromosoma de Salmonella han permitido que estos mecanismos de virulencia se puedan utilizar en beneficio del hospedero. Las mutantes atenuadas de Salmonella son capaces de invadir las células M de la mucosa intestinal y de migrar a las células linfoides del sistema reticuloendotelial donde, en lugar de causar enfermedad, activan eficazmente las respuestas inmunes humoral y celular no sólo contra el microorganismo mismo sino también contra aquellos antigenos heterólogos recombinantes que la bacteria pueda expresar y transportar. En la presente revisión, se discutirán los avances más recientes en el campo de las vacunas vivas atenuadas de Salmonella, su evaluación preclinica y clinica y, también, su aplicación como vector de antigenos. Se darán a conocer las técnicas biomoleculares de clonación y expresión procariótica de las toxinas diftérica, tetánica y de pertusis. así como de los antígenos de Helicobacterpylori y de Plasmodium falciparum. Finalmente, se propone el uso de Salmonella atenuada como vector de vacunas de ADN para expresión eucariótica de los antígenos recombinantes. Los continuos esfuerzos cientificos y tecnológicos en el campo de la vacunación con vectores vivos atenuados sugieren que Salmonella es una herramienta potencialmente útil para enfrentar el constante reto de la fiebre tifoidea. Igualmente, los estudios preclínicos y clínicos de fase I demuestran la eficacia de la vacuna de Salmonella viva atenuada como vector de antígenos heter

  11. Family Relationships and Psychosocial Dysfunction Among Family Caregivers of Patients With Advanced Cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nissen, Kathrine G; Trevino, Kelly; Lange, Theis; Prigerson, Holly G

    2016-12-01

    Caring for a family member with advanced cancer strains family caregivers. Classification of family types has been shown to identify patients at risk of poor psychosocial function. However, little is known about how family relationships affect caregiver psychosocial function. To investigate family types identified by a cluster analysis and to examine the reproducibility of cluster analyses. We also sought to examine the relationship between family types and caregivers' psychosocial function. Data from 622 caregivers of advanced cancer patients (part of the Coping with Cancer Study) were analyzed using Gaussian Mixture Modeling as the primary method to identify family types based on the Family Relationship Index questionnaire. We then examined the relationship between family type and caregiver quality of life (Medical Outcome Survey Short Form), social support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List), and perceived caregiver burden (Caregiving Burden Scale). Three family types emerged: low-expressive, detached, and supportive. Analyses of variance with post hoc comparisons showed that caregivers of detached and low-expressive family types experienced lower levels of quality of life and perceived social support in comparison to supportive family types. The study identified supportive, low-expressive, and detached family types among caregivers of advanced cancer patients. The supportive family type was associated with the best outcomes and detached with the worst. These findings indicate that family function is related to psychosocial function of caregivers of advanced cancer patients. Therefore, paying attention to family support and family members' ability to share feelings and manage conflicts may serve as an important tool to improve psychosocial function in families affected by cancer. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. All rights reserved.

  12. Significance of family and peer support for metabolic control of type 1 diabetes in adolescents

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Đurović Dušanka

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the paper was to explore the significance of family and peer support for metabolic control of Type 1 diabetes in adolescents. Metabolic control refers to maintenance of acceptable blood glucose level thus diminishing risk for chronic complications. It involves regular insulin shots, measuring blood glucose and keeping diary, as the daily based self-control. Regular visits to endocrinologist and screening for chronic complications are compulsory. The sample comprised 79 adolescents age 10-17 years with diagnose of Type 1 diabetes and properly treated at the institute. The sample was divided in two groups - with good (N=40 and poor (N=39 metabolic control. A criterium for good metabolic control was glycosilated hemoglobin less than 7,6%. Social support was measured by Social Support Scale consisting of two parts - the first for estimation of registered family support (based upon modified Perceived Social Support Family Scale and the second for estimation of registered friends' support (modified Perceived Social Support Friend Scale. Adolescents with good metabolic control referred statistically more significant social support in the family, unlike the group with poor metabolic control. Considering peer social support, there was no statistically significant difference. Positive family history for diabetes also appeared to be directly linked to good metabolic control.

  13. The association of age, gender, ethnicity, family history, obesity and hypertension with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Trinidad.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nayak, B Shivananda; Sobrian, Arianne; Latiff, Khalif; Pope, Danielle; Rampersad, Akash; Lourenço, Kodi; Samuel, Nichole

    2014-01-01

    To assess the impact of risk factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, family history, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and hypertension, on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Trinidadian population. A cross-sectional case control study comprised 146 non-diabetics and 147 type 2 diabetics ≥18 years of age, from North Central, South West and Eastern regions of Trinidad. Cross-tabulations revealed a significant difference between type 2-diabetes and age at pdiabetes and family history, ethnicity, waist circumference and hypertension at pdiabetics and type 2 diabetics being, 130.62 (±2.124) and 141.35 (±2.312), respectively. No significant difference was observed between type 2 diabetes and gender and BMI. Age was the most significant risk factor of type 2 diabetes. Therefore it can be concluded that family history, ethnicity, waist circumference and hypertension are more significant risk factors of this disease than BMI and gender in the Trinidadian population. Copyright © 2014 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Presencia de sistemas de secreción de patógenos en bacterias endosimbióticas aisladas de Lupinus de la península Ibérica

    OpenAIRE

    Pastor, Víctor; Iglesias, Ana Isabel; Duran Wendt, David Ricardo; Rey Navarro, Luis

    2012-01-01

    Los rizobios son bacterias endosimbióticas capaces de fijar nitrógeno en estructuras especializadas de leguminosas. Esta simbiosis es altamente específica y depende, entre otros factores, de la capacidad de los rizobios de secretar proteínas efectoras a las células vegetales. Se han descrito diferentes sistemas de secreción en patógenos animales y vegetales y posteriormente también se han encontrado en algunos rizobios. En este trabajo se presenta el estudio de varios sistemas de secreción id...

  15. PARTICIPACIÓN DEL NITRÓGENO DE LOS ABONOS VERDES EN LA NUTRICIÓN NITROGENADA DEL MAÍZ (Zea mays L.) CULTIVADO SOBRE SUELO FERRALÍTICO ROJO

    OpenAIRE

    Gloria M. Martín; R. Rivera

    2002-01-01

    El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de estudiar la eficiencia del nitrógeno incorporado con los abonos verdes, utilizados como precedente en el cultivo del maíz en un suelo Ferralítico Rojo de La Habana. Para ello, se estudió el grado de participación de diferentes fuentes de nitrógeno (abonos verdes y fertilizante mineral) en la nutrición nitrogenada del maíz, mediante los métodos isotópico y de las diferencias. El experimento se condujo en condiciones de macetas (5 kg) y se estud...

  16. Family Care Responsibilities and Employment: Exploring the Impact of Type of Family Care on Work-Family and Family-Work Conflict

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stewart, Lisa M.

    2013-01-01

    This study compared work-family and family-work conflict for employed family caregivers with disability-related care responsibilities in contrast to employed family caregivers with typical care responsibilities. Using data from the 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce, a population-based survey of the U.S. workforce, formal and informal…

  17. Desarrollo de nuevos materiales de electrodo para la obtención de Hidrógeno a partir de la electrólisis alcalina del agua.

    OpenAIRE

    Herraiz Cardona, Isaac

    2012-01-01

    El término "Economía del Hidrógeno" responde a una visión de futuro donde este gas, generado de forma limpia y económica, serviría para alimentar el grueso de las necesidades energéticas de la sociedad. Esta propuesta reduciría la dependencia actual sobre los combustibles fósiles, ya que el hidrógeno podría ser producido a partir de otras fuentes primarias como las renovables o la nuclear. Igualmente se disminuiría la contaminación atmosférica y la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, pues...

  18. Batimetría, salinidad, temperatura y oxígeno disuelto en aguas del Parque Nacional Marino Ballena, Pacífico, Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan José Alvarado

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio sobre la batimetría del PNMB y del comportamiento de la temperatura, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto y porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno entre setiembre 2003 y abril 2005. El parque posee una profundidad promedio de 14.97± 9.11m y una profundidad máxima detectada de 37.33m. La sección interna de la bahía es poco profunda, no alcanzando más de 20m de profundidad, mientras que en la parte externa la pendiente es más pronunciada, alcanzando rápidamente los 37 m. A lo largo del estudio, los valores promedio superficiales de salinidad fueron de 29.1±4.3‰, de temperatura 29.7±1.3ºC, de concentración de oxígeno disuelto 6.7±1.3mg/l, y del porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno 115.6±22.1%. Entre las estaciones interna y externa solo se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la salinidad y la temperatura por profundidad, como producto de la época lluviosa. Los valores más bajos de salinidad y temperatura se observaron para la época lluviosa y los más altos en la época seca, mientras que los valores de oxígeno disuelto y porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno presentaron un incremento continuo a través del tiempo. La similitud entre las estaciones y el hecho de haber encontrado diferencias significativas solamente entre la salinidad y la temperatura en cuanto a la profundidad, hacen pensar que a lo largo del tiempo las aguas del parque se comportan de manera muy similar y que es una zona muy dinámica y homogénea con corrientes lo suficientemente fuertes para mezclar la columna de agua del parque. El PNMB es una zona muy productiva debido a los altos valores de saturación de oxígeno observados a lo largo del tiempo (120%. Esto hace pensar que existen condiciones apropiadas para el desarrollo del fitoplancton, zooplancton y otros grupos tróficos.Batimetry, salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxigen water of the Marino Ballena National Park, Pacific, Costa Rica. Between September 2003 and April

  19. Nota sobre antígeno relacionado à hepatite (HB Ag e anticorpo (HB Ab em população do território Federal do Amapá

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hermann G. Schatzmayr

    1974-04-01

    Full Text Available 53 amostras de soro, provenientes de Ferreira Gomes, no Amapá, foram testados para antígeno HB Ag e anticorpo HB Ab, com uma positividade de 3,7% para HB Ag, sub-tipo D. Os autores acentuam a necessidade de inquéritos em populações brasileiras a fim de estabelecer os sub-tipos associados à hepatite.3,7% of 53 serum samples from healthy inhabitants of Ferreira Gomes, Amapá, were positive for HB Ag, subtype D. The authors síress the needs of surveys to deteet the prevalent types of antigens associated with viral hepatitis in different areas of Brazil.

  20. Efecto de la frecuencia de corte en especies patrenses. (II) Variación del contenido en nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio y azufre de Lolium perenne "V. 807" y Lolium italicum “Tetrone”

    OpenAIRE

    García Criado, Balbino; Duque Macías, Francisco; García Ciudad, Antonia

    2011-01-01

    Se estudia el efecto conjunto de la época de recolección y frecuencia de corte sobre el contenido en nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio y azufre de Lolium perenne V. 807 y Lolium italicum Tetrone. Los cortes se realizan a intervalos de diez, quince, veinte y treinta días en el período de abril a noviembre a 5-10 cm. del suelo. Se considera también la evolución de los elementos con la madurez en cortes mensuales. Los contenidos medios de nitrógeno y fósforo en Lolium perenne y de nitrógeno y azufre e...

  1. Prevention of Type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes directed at the family context

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kragelund Nielsen, K; Grunnet, L Groth; Maindal, H Terkildsen

    2018-01-01

    In this review, we aim to summarize knowledge about gestational diabetes (GDM) after delivery; with special focus on the potential of preventing Type 2 diabetes in a family context. The review expands on the key messages from a symposium held in Copenhagen in May 2017 and highlights avenues...... and implemented in real-world settings. Although interlinked and interacting, barriers to maintaining a healthy lifestyle post-partum can be grouped into those pertaining to diabetes beliefs, the family context and the healthcare system. Health literacy level and perceptions of health and disease risk may modify...

  2. Influence of family type and parenting behaviours on teenage sexual behaviour and conceptions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bonell, C; Allen, E; Strange, V; Oakley, A; Copas, A; Johnson, A; Stephenson, J

    2006-06-01

    Longitudinal data were used to explore relations between teenage pregnancy, sexual behaviour, and family type. The study examined whether students from lone parent and/or teenage mother initiated families more commonly report sex, lack of contraception at first sex, and/or conceptions by age 15/16, and whether such associations can be explained by low parental strictness, difficult parent-child communication, and/or low parental input into sex education. Up to date longitudinal UK research on family influences on conceptions is lacking, as is longitudinal research on family influences on sexual behaviour. No previous studies have comprehensively examined effects of parenting behaviours. Unlike previous research, this study tested theories suggesting that parenting deficits among lone parent and teenage initiated families increase risk of teenage pregnancy among their children. Secondary analysis of data from a trial of sex education. Girls and boys from lone parent families or having mothers who were teenagers when they were born were more likely to report sex but not lack of contraception at first sex by age 15/16. Girls and boys with mothers having them as teenagers, and boys but not girls from lone parent families, were more likely to report being involved in conceptions by age 15/16. Only the association between teenage mother family and girls' conceptions was reduced by adjusting for a parenting behaviour measure. Students from lone parent families or having mothers who were teenagers when they were born are more likely to report early sexual debut and conceptions by age 15/16, but this is not generally explained by parenting style.

  3. Intranasal sensitization with Blomia Tropicalis antigens induces allergic responses in mice characterized by elevated antigen-specific and non-specific serum ige and peripheral blood eosinophil counts Sensibilização intranasal com antígenos de Blomia tropicalis induz respostas alérgicas em camundos caracterizadas pela elevada contagem de soro IgE antígeno-específico e não específico e de eosinófilos no sangue periférico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fumiko Takeda

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available In order to evaluate the potential allergenicity of Blomia tropicalis (Bt antigen, IgE production of both specific and non-specific for Bt antigen was monitored in BALB/c mice after exposure to the antigen by nasal route. It was evidenced that B. tropicalis contains a functional allergen in its components. The allergenic components, however, when administered intranasally without any adjuvant, did not function to induce IgE response within a short period. On the other hand, intranasal inoculation of Bt antigens augmented serum IgE responses in mice pretreated by a subcutaneous priming injection of the same antigens. Inoculation of Bt antigen without subcutaneous priming injections induced IgE antibody production only when the antigen was continuously administered for a long period of over 24 weeks. Even when the priming injection was absent, the Bt antigen inoculated with cholera toxin (CT as a mucosal adjuvant also significantly augmented the Bt antigen-specific IgE responses depending on the dose of CT co-administered. The present study also demonstrated that Bt antigen/CT-inoculated mice showed increased non-specific serum IgE level and peripheral blood eosinophil rates without noticeable elevations of the total leukocyte counts. The immunoblot analysis demonstrated 5 main antigenic components reactive to IgE antibodies induced. These components at about 44-64 kDa position were considered to be an important candidate antigen for diagnosis of the mite-related allergy.Para avaliar a capacidade alergizante do antígeno da Blomia tropicalis (Bt a produção de IgE específica e não específica a antígeno Bt foi monitorada em camundongos BALB/c após exposição ao antígeno por via nasal. Foi evidenciado que Bt contem um alérgeno funcional em seus componentes. Os componentes alergênicos entretanto, quando administrados por via intra-nasal, sem qualquer adjuvante, não induzem resposta IgE durante um pequeno período. Por outro lado, a inocula

  4. Producción de biohidrógeno a partir de residuos mediante fermentación oscura: una revisión crítica (1993-2011 Biohydrogen production from wastes via dark fermentation: a critical review (1993-2011

    OpenAIRE

    Sergio Andrés Blanco Londoño; Tatiana Rodríguez Chaparro

    2012-01-01

    El hidrógeno es una energía atractiva debido a su alto contenido energético y combustión amigable. Entre los diferentes mecanismos existentes para la producción de hidrógeno, la fermentación oscura es uno de los más interesantes debido a que se aprovechan residuos como materia prima. Actualmente, la investigación en hidrógeno se encuentra en desarrollo, sin embargo, los resultados no han sido concluyentes, existiendo aún un vacío en los factores que se deben tener en cuenta y sobre todo no se...

  5. Point mutation in the MITF gene causing Waardenburg syndrome type II in a three-generation Indian family.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lalwani, A K; Attaie, A; Randolph, F T; Deshmukh, D; Wang, C; Mhatre, A; Wilcox, E

    1998-12-04

    Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an autosomal-dominant neural crest cell disorder phenotypically characterized by hearing impairment and disturbance of pigmentation. A presence of dystopia canthorum is indicative of WS type 1, caused by loss of function mutation in the PAX3 gene. In contrast, type 2 WS (WS2) is characterized by normally placed medial canthi and is genetically heterogeneous; mutations in MITF (microphthalmia associated transcription factor) associated with WS2 have been identified in some but not all affected families. Here, we report on a three-generation Indian family with a point mutation in the MITF gene causing WS2. This mutation, initially reported in a Northern European family, creates a stop codon in exon 7 and is predicted to result in a truncated protein lacking the HLH-Zip or Zip structure necessary for normal interaction with its target DNA motif. Comparison of the phenotype between the two families demonstrates a significant difference in pigmentary disturbance of the eye. This family, with the first documented case of two unrelated WS2 families harboring identical mutations, provides additional evidence for the importance of genetic background on the clinical phenotype.

  6. Family Relationships and Psychosocial Dysfunction among Family Caregivers of Patients with Advanced Cancer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nissen, Kathrine Grovn; Trevino, Kelly; Lange, Theis

    2016-01-01

    CONTEXT: Caring for a family member with advanced cancer strains family caregivers. Classification of family types has been shown to identify patients at risk of poor psychosocial function. However, little is known about how family relationships affect caregiver psychosocial function. OBJECTIVES......: To investigate family types identified by a cluster analysis and to examine the reproducibility of cluster analyses. We also sought to examine the relationship between family types and caregivers' psychosocial function. METHODS: Data from 622 caregivers of advanced cancer patients (part of the Coping with Cancer...... Study) were analyzed using Gaussian Mixture Modeling as the primary method to identify family types based on the Family Relationship Index questionnaire. We then examined the relationship between family type and caregiver quality of life (Medical Outcome Survey Short Form), social support (Interpersonal...

  7. CARACTERIZACIÓN DE IGYS ANTI-LECTINA DE Salvia bogotensis Y SU APLICACIÓN EN ESTUDIOS CITOQUÍMICOS PARA LA DETECCIÓN DEL ANTÍGENO TN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nohora Vega

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Las inmunoglobulinas aisladas de la yema de huevo (IgY son muy utilizadas actualmente en diversos campos de las ciencias biológicas, dadas sus ventajas frente a las IgG séricas de mamíferos. En un trabajo previo establecimos las condiciones de obtención de IgY dirigidas contra la lectinas de Salvia bogotensis; su utilización en estudios inmunocitoquímicos requiere conocer sus principales características moleculares y las condiciones para la interacción IgY-lectina. La lectina de Salvia bogotensis (SBoL reconoce específicamente el antígeno Tn, marcador tumoral en muchos tipos de cáncer, pero se requieren herramientas adicionales para evidenciar esta interacción a nivel celular. Dada la disponibilidad de IgY anti-lectina de S. bogotensis, se realizó este trabajo con el objeto de caracterizar molecularmente estas IgY y evaluar su utilización en estudios inmunocitoquímicos para la detección del antígeno Tn en células tumorales. A las IgY purificadas se les determinó su punto isoeléctrico, peso molecular y contenido de carbohidratos. Para establecer la especificidad de interacción IgY-SBoL se obtuvieron lectinas homólogas y heterólogas y se ensayaron por ELLSA. La detección del antígeno Tn en las líneas celulares MCF-7 y HeLa con la lectina y las IgYs marcadas con biotina o peroxidasa se realizó por CELISA e inmunocitoquímica. Los resultados mostraron que los anticuerpos IgY anti-SBoL son una herramienta de una alta sensibilidad para los ensayos de reconocimiento específico del antígeno Tn.

  8. Detección de mutacarcinógenos y genotoxicidad en aguas residuales que surten dos plantas de tratamiento de agua de consumo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LY. Orozco

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available Las aguas residuales están cargadas de gran variedad de mutacarcinógenos entre ellos Hidro-carburos Policíclicos aromáticos, nitrosaminas y aminas Heterocíclicas todos ellos formadosdurante la combustión de material orgánico y en alimentos proteicos cocidos a altas tempe-raturas. Dichos mutacarcinógenos llegan a las aguas residuales especialmente a través de laorina y heces. Las aguas residuales procedentes de la población del Retiro son vertidas al ríoPantanillo después de ser tratadas en una planta a base de lodos activados. Este río surte repre-sas que alimentan las plantas de tratamiento de agua de consumo la Ayurá y Rionegro quedistribuyen agua potable a más de 2’000.000 de habitantes.

  9. RENDIMIENTO Y CALIDAD DE LA MORERA (Morus alba FERTILIZADA CON NITRÓGENO, FÓSFORO Y POTASIO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Boschini-Figueroa

    2009-01-01

    suelo y se cosechó a los 84 días de rebrote. El rendimiento anual de materia seca mostró diferencias (p0,05, la respuesta fue similar con diferentes cantidades de fósforo y potasio. La concentración de fibra neutro detergente se afectó (p0,05 la fibra ácido detergente; sin embargo, se observó que al incrementar el nitrógeno la hemicelulosa decreció (p0,05.

  10. Who counts as family? Family typologies, family support, and family undermining among young adult gay and bisexual men.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Soler, Jorge H; Caldwell, Cleopatra H; Córdova, David; Harper, Gary; Bauermeister, José A

    2018-06-01

    Gay and bisexual men may form chosen families in addition to or in place of families of origin. However, the characteristics of these diverse families remain largely unexamined in the quantitative literature. The purpose of this study was to develop a family typology based on responses from a racially and ethnically diverse sample of young adult gay and bisexual men (YGBM) recruited from the Detroit Metropolitan Area (N=350; 18-29 years old). To explore the role of family, we then examined family social support and social undermining in relation to YGBM psychological distress within different family types. A series of multivariate regressions were used to examine associations between family social support and social undermining with depression and anxiety outcomes. The majority (88%) of YGBM included family of origin in their definitions of family and 63% indicated having chosen families. Associations between family social processes and psychological outcomes varied by type of family, suggesting that family composition shapes how perceptions of support and undermining relate to experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Chosen families play a prominent role in the lives of YGBM and should not be overlooked in family research. Findings also highlight the importance of examining co-occurring family social support and social stress processes to further address psychological distress symptoms among YGBM.

  11. BIOTRANSFORMACIÓN DE LOS SUSTRATOS 2-FENILETANOL Y ACETOFENONA CON EL HONGO FITOPATÓGENO Colletotrichum acutatum

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Aristizábal

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se evaluaron las biotransformaciones realizadas por el hongo fitopatógeno Colletotrichum acutatum, sobre los sustratos 2-feniletanol 1 y acetofenona 2; los procesos se realizaron en el medio de cultivo líquido Czapeck-Dox a temperatura promedio de 24 oC, humedad relativa entre 45 % y 60 % y agitación a 150 rpm en un agitador orbital tipo shaker.  En la biotransformación a partir del sustrato 1 se obtuvieron los productos metabólicos 1-fenil-1,2-etanodiol 3, (2-metoxietilbenceno 4 y acetato de 2-feniletilo 5, y desde el sustrato 2 los compuestos 1-fenil-1,2-etanodiol 3, 1-feniletanol 6 y 2-feniletanol 1.  Los productos de la transformación microbiana se identificaron mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM y resonancia magnética nuclear de protón y carbono (RMN 1H y 13C. Se observó una tendencia marcada del patógeno a producir hidroxilaciones sobre el sustituyente del anillo aromático; igualmente tiene la capacidad de reducir el grupo carbonilo y esterificar los grupos hidroxilo de alcoholes primarios.  Se discute una posible ruta metabólica para la transformación de los sustratos.

  12. Compósito de colágeno com silicato e hidroxiapatita como material para endodontia: preparação e caracterização = Collagen composite with silicate and hydroxyapatite as endodontic material: preparation and characterization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    E'Gues, Miguel Antônio Menezes

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo preparar e caracterizar um novo compósito de colágeno com silicato e hidroxiapatita que possa vir a ser utilizado como material endodôntico em capeamento pulpar direto e em pulpotomia. Metodologia: Os materiais utilizados como matéria-prima foram colágeno do tipo I na forma aniônica, silicato (cimento Portland Branco e hidroxiapatita sintetizada. Estes materiais foram misturados em proporções variadas de modo a obter um material compósito na forma de pasta. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados por técnicas de calorimetria exploratória diferencial, termogravimetria, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV, espectrometria de dispersão de energia de Raios-X e espectroscopia na região do infravermelho. Resultados: A presença de colágeno no compósito foi demonstrada por transições térmicas típicas daquelas encontradas para o colágeno do tipo I (~48ºC, independentemente da proporção utilizada, e também por imagens de MEV, onde as fibras colagênicas também puderam ser observadas interligando as partículas de silicato. A composição química de todos compósitos de colágeno foi praticamente idêntica à do silicato utilizado. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que a estrutura da matriz de colágeno nos compósitos testados não foi alterada. Esta é uma característica importante para a utilização em endodontia do material compósito proposto, objetivando uma reparação tecidual de forma "mais natural"

  13. Staphylococcus aureus, evolución de un viejo patógeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ileana Álvarez Lam

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available El Staphylococcus aureus está considerado uno de los microorganismos más importantes en la práctica médica diaria. Es capaz de provocar una amplia gama de enfermedades, ya sea por acción directa o mediante la acción de sus toxinas. El tratamiento de estas infecciones se ha convertido en algo extraordinariamente complejo en la época actual como consecuencia de la aparición en la comunidad de cepas de S. aureus, resistentes a la meticillina, que provocan infecciones en pacientes sin factores de riesgo, fundamentalmente niños y adolescentes. En este artículo se hace una revisión, que va desde los cambios en la epidemiología de este patógeno, hasta las implicaciones que para el tratamiento médico presupone este fenómeno.

  14. Estandarización de un proceso de extracción de colágeno a partir de los residuos de fileteo de tilapia (Oreochromis sp) y cachama (Piaractus brachypomus) / Standardization of a process for extracting collagen from filleting waste from tilapia (Oreochromis sp) and cachama (Piaractus brachypomus)

    OpenAIRE

    Serrano Gaona, Jenifer Carolina

    2011-01-01

    Se estandarizó un proceso de extracción y purificación de colágeno ácido soluble a partir de pieles de tilapia (Oreochromis sp) y de cachama (Piaractus brachypomus) utilizando análisis estadísticos. Los resultados indicaron que el rendimiento de colágeno ácido soluble fue de 33,3% en base seca. El patrón de alto peso molecular utilizado para SDS – PAGE reveló que el colágeno obtenido de pieles de tilapia o de pieles de cachama es colágeno tipo I. La temperatura de desnaturalización (Td) del c...

  15. Type-II generalized family-wise error rate formulas with application to sample size determination.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Delorme, Phillipe; de Micheaux, Pierre Lafaye; Liquet, Benoit; Riou, Jérémie

    2016-07-20

    Multiple endpoints are increasingly used in clinical trials. The significance of some of these clinical trials is established if at least r null hypotheses are rejected among m that are simultaneously tested. The usual approach in multiple hypothesis testing is to control the family-wise error rate, which is defined as the probability that at least one type-I error is made. More recently, the q-generalized family-wise error rate has been introduced to control the probability of making at least q false rejections. For procedures controlling this global type-I error rate, we define a type-II r-generalized family-wise error rate, which is directly related to the r-power defined as the probability of rejecting at least r false null hypotheses. We obtain very general power formulas that can be used to compute the sample size for single-step and step-wise procedures. These are implemented in our R package rPowerSampleSize available on the CRAN, making them directly available to end users. Complexities of the formulas are presented to gain insight into computation time issues. Comparison with Monte Carlo strategy is also presented. We compute sample sizes for two clinical trials involving multiple endpoints: one designed to investigate the effectiveness of a drug against acute heart failure and the other for the immunogenicity of a vaccine strategy against pneumococcus. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  16. Compound heterozygous MYO7A mutations segregating Usher syndrome type 2 in a Han family.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zong, Ling; Chen, Kaitian; Wu, Xuan; Liu, Min; Jiang, Hongyan

    2016-11-01

    Identification of rare deafness genes for inherited congenital sensorineural hearing impairment remains difficult, because a large variety of genes are implicated. In this study we applied targeted capture and next-generation sequencing to uncover the underlying gene in a three-generation Han family segregating recessive inherited hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa. After excluding mutations in common deafness genes GJB2, SLC26A4 and the mitochondrial gene, genomic DNA of the proband of a Han family was subjected to targeted next-generation sequencing. The candidate mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and subsequently analyzed with in silico tools. An unreported splice site mutation c.3924+1G > C compound with c.6028G > A in the MYO7A gene were detected to cosegregate with the phenotype in this pedigree. Both mutations, located in the evolutionarily conserved FERM domain in myosin VIIA, were predicted to be pathogenic. In this family, profound sensorineural hearing impairment and retinitis pigmentosa without vestibular disorder, constituted the typical Usher syndrome type 2. Identification of novel mutation in compound heterozygosity in MYO7A gene revealed the genetic origin of Usher syndrome type 2 in this Han family. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. EVALUACIÓN DE TRES NIVELES DE NITRÓGENO EN MEDIO DE CULTIVO, EN LAS FASES DE ENRAIZAMIENTO in vitro Y ADAPTACIÓN A SUSTRATO DE Rubus glaucus (BENTH)

    OpenAIRE

    Vaca, Ivonne; Landazuri, Pablo

    2013-01-01

    El presente trabajo fue desarrollado en el Cantón Rumiñahui, provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. El objetivo fue evaluar tres concentraciones nitrógeno de las sales Murashige y Skooog (MS) en el medio de cultivo, en las fases de enraizamiento in vitro y adaptación a sustrato de Rubus glaucus. La dosis de 4,88mMde nitrógeno en elmedio presentó el mayor número de raíces con un promedio de 3,72 raíces por planta, mayor longitud de raíz con 1,8cm de largo, mayor porcentaje de enraizamiento ...

  18. Análisis de la absorción de hidrógeno y de su influencia en el comportamiento mecánico de cinco aleaciones férreas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Albístur-Goñi, A.

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available A study of the influence of hydrogen on the mechanical behaviour of five iron alloys with different carbon state, morphology and content (as spheroidal or lamellar graphite or combined as CFe3 is described here. Experimental observations from tensile (carried out at different crosshead speeds, Charpy impact resistance, hardness, fracture toughness tests and fractographic analysis show that internal or dissolved hydrogen, apart from producing a significant loss of ductility, hardens steels and softens cast irons. The results also provide convincing evidence of the important role that the strain rate plays in the mechanism of hydrogen induced cracking. Additionally, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES technique is used to evaluate the concentration of hydrogen that has been absorbed by the samples as a function of depth and time. It can be deduced from the innovative use of this technique not only that diffusivity of hydrogen in ductile cast irons is greater than in steels or grey cast irons, but also that hydrogen interacts with different trapping sites.

    El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de la influencia del hidrógeno en el comportamiento mecánico de cinco aleaciones férreas con distinto contenido, estado y morfología de carbono (grafito libre; esferoidal y laminar y combinado como CFe3. Los resultados experimentales extraídos de los ensayos de tracción llevados a cabo a diferentes velocidades de desplazamiento entre mordazas, flexión por choque sobre probeta Charpy, tenacidad de fractura y del análisis fractográfico indican que el hidrógeno interno o disuelto, además de producir una importante pérdida de ductilidad, provoca un endurecimiento en los aceros y un ablandamiento en las fundiciones. Estos resultados también proporcionan una evidencia del importante papel que juega la velocidad de deformación en el mecanismo de daño inducido por hidrógeno. Asimismo, se ha utilizado

  19. Los roedores y lagomorfos del Neógeno de España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sesé, C.

    2006-12-01

    most part of the Miocene, and their homogeinity at the end of the Miocene and during the Pliocene with the southern France in the so called Ibero-Occitanian province. It has been also indicated the main paleoenvironmental changes inferred from the micromammal faunal changes, mainly those that have been related with global changes.Los estudios realizados desde mediados del siglo pasado en España por muchos autores sobre las faunas de micromamíferos, han dado lugar a que actualmente haya un buen conocimiento del registro fósil del Neógeno español. Trabajos de síntesis anteriores a éste, como los de mamíferos del Neógeno realizados por López et al. (1987 y Calvo et al. (1993, el de roedores por Sesé (1988 y el de lagomorfos por López (1989, muestran la extraordinaria riqueza fosilífera de las diversas áreas geográficas y cuencas españolas (Ebro, Tajo, Calatayud-Teruel, Duero, Vallés Penedés, Levante, Béticas. En el presente trabajo se realiza una síntesis de revisión y actualización del registro fósil de roedores (orden Rodentia y lagomorfos (orden Lagomorpha del Neógeno (Mioceno y Plioceno en España, principalmente de la península que es donde se han realizado más hallazgos, pero también de algunos realizados en las islas. Se han analizado, desde los puntos de vista sistemático y biostratigráfico principalmente, las faunas de los yacimientos neógenos que presentan taxones característicos de la edad que se les asigna. El orden de presentación de este análisis es, en un primer nivel, por pisos o edades de mamíferos, dando las características más importantes de los mismos, y, en un segundo nivel, analizando los aspectos más característicos de las faunas de las biozonas que comprende cada uno. Los pisos a que nos referimos son: en el Mioceno, la base del Mioceno Inferior, Rambliense, Aragoniense, Vallesiense y Turoliense, y, en el Plioceno, el Rusciniense (Alfambriense y Villaniense. En cuanto a las zonas, para el Mioceno seguimos la

  20. Valor diagnóstico del pepsinógeno i/ii como biomarcador de lesiones pre-malignas y malignas gástricas: revisión sistemática

    OpenAIRE

    Hidalgo Mora, Viviana Marcela; Whang, Joon Kyung

    2016-01-01

    Antecedentes: El cáncer gástrico se diagnostica tardíamente. Sólo en países como Corea y Japón existen políticas de tamizaje, que se justificarían en cualquier país con alta prevalencia de cáncer gástrico como Colombia o Chile. El análisis del pepsinógeno sérico se ha propuesto para el diagnóstico de lesiones premalignas y malignas gástricas, por lo cual se pretende revisar sistemáticamente en la literatura el valor diagnóstico del cociente pepsinógeno I/II como marcador de lesiones premalign...

  1. Family Therapy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Family therapy Overview Family therapy is a type of psychological counseling (psychotherapy) that can help family members improve communication and resolve conflicts. Family therapy is usually provided by a psychologist, ...

  2. Influence of aging on the quality of the skin of white women: the role of collagen Influência do envelhecimento na qualidade da pele de mulheres brancas: o papel do colágeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eloina do Rocio Valenga Baroni

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available PURPOSE: Evaluate the influence of aging on the quality of the skin of white women, analyzing the dermal collagen. METHODS: Pre-auricular flaps were collected for histological and morphometric analysis of 218 white women who underwent spontaneous facial aesthetic plastic surgery. Picrosirius ultrared stain was used for analysis and quantification of collagen in five age groups (OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do envelhecimento na qualidade da pele de mulheres brancas analisando o colágeno dérmico. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se análise histológica e morfométrica de 218 retalhos pré-auriculares de mulheres brancas que se submeteram espontaneamente à cirurgia estética facial. Foi usada a coloração de Picrosirius Ultrared para analisar e quantificar os colágenos I, III e total em cinco grupos etários (<40 anos, 40 a 49 anos, 50 a 59 anos, 60 a 69 anos e 70 a 79 anos. RESULTADOS: A análise histológica mostrou alterações sugestivas de envelhecimento cutâneo (fragmentação e desorganização das fibras de colágeno, especialmente em pacientes acima de 60 anos. Não houve diferenças significantes entre a idade e a espessura da derme e da epiderme, mas houve diferenças significantes entre as percentagens de colágeno I, III e total (p<0,001 com o aumento da idade. CONCLUSÃO: Existe redução do colágeno com o aumento da idade e um aumento na sua degradação, levando à fragmentação das fibras.

  3. Análisis de las poblaciones de microorganismos fijadores de nitrógeno del suelo aplicando procedimientos metagenómicos

    OpenAIRE

    Calderoli, Priscila Anabel

    2016-01-01

    En este trabajo de tesis doctoral se llevó a cabo el análisis de las poblaciones de microorganismos fijadores de nitrógeno del suelo aplicando análisis independientes del cultivo. Se analizaron suelos de la principal región agrícola de la Argentina, la región pampeana.

  4. Particularidades de la medición de presión sonora y vibraciones en grupos electrógenos MAN 18 V48/60 B // Distinctive features for sound pressure level and vibration measurements over engine generator sets type MAN 18 v48/60 b

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanexi Cepero‐Aguilera

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Como parte de las líneas de investigación del Centro de Estudios en Ingeniería de Mantenimiento, sedesarrolla un proyecto de investigación encaminado a establecer las pautas para la evaluación de lacondición de grupos electrógenos. El presente artículo muestra las particularidades de la mediciónde sonido y vibraciones sobre un Grupo Electrógeno MAN 18 V48/60 B. Se analiza lo indicado en elestándar ISO 3744 concluyéndose con la imposibilidad práctica de su aplicación en el entornoindustrial y para grandes máquinas como lo es el caso de los grupos electrógenos MAN 18 V48/60 B.El interés de esta investigación se enfoca al generador del grupo electrógeno y por ello no obstante,se efectuaron mediciones de presión sonora orientando el micrófono hacia los cojinetes de este,sobre los cuales también se registraron sus vibraciones siguiendo lo indicado en el estándar ISO8528-9. El análisis comparativo de los registros espectrales de presión sonora y de vibracionesobligó a convertir los espectros FFT en espectros de ancho de banda proporcional constante. Comoresultado fundamental se obtiene la no correlación de las frecuencias espectrales de presión sonoracon las de vibraciones y una evaluación preliminar del generador exhibiendo una condición normal.Palabras claves: nivel de presión sonora, medición de vibraciones, ancho de banda proporcionalconstante, grupos electrógenos._________________________________________________________________AbstractA research project for condition monitoring of engine generator sets is developed as part of mainresearches at Maintenance Engineering Research Center. Sound pressure level and vibrationmeasurements over an engine generator set MAN 18 V48/60 B are made with the goal of identifythose frequencies present in both, sound pressure level and vibration spectra which could give thepossibility to use sound pressure level as a symptom parameter because of the continuous feature ofthis kind of

  5. O FENÔMENO TURISMO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A COMPLEXIDADE DA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DO TURISMO E DO DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL ENDÓGENO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mary Sandra Guerra Ashton

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available O artigo apresenta como objetivo principal uma reflexão em torno da problemática relacionada ao desenvolvimento regional endógeno e à cadeia produtiva do turismo. Apóia-se na necessidade de compreender como estas relações podem contribuir para o desempenho de sistemas sociais e econômicos. Para tanto, busca sustentação teórica nas noções de desenvolvimento regional endógeno, desenvolvida por Sen, Veiga e Barquero, e da cadeia produtiva do turismo, a partir de autores como Beni e Leiper, bem como na compreensão do fenômeno turismo conforme De La Torre e Fúster. Pressupõe-se que a atividade turística organizada por meio do enfoque sistêmico e sua implantação em nível municipal ou regional, a partir das potencialidades locais e do conjunto dessas relações, podem resultar em contribuições para o desenvolvimento das regiões. Palavras-chave: Turismo. Fenômeno Social. Cadeia Produtiva do Turismo. Desenvolvimento Regional. Endogenia.

  6. Family history of type 2 diabetes and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adult Asian Indians.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Das, Mithun; Pal, Susil; Ghosh, Arnab

    2012-04-01

    Our objective was to test the association between familial risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in adult Asian Indians. A total of 448 adult (>30 years) individuals (257 males and 191 females) participated in the study. Familial risk of T2DM was classified into three groups viz., 1=both parents affected; 2=parent and/or siblings affected and 3=none or no family history for T2DM. Anthropometric measures, blood pressures, fasting blood glucose and metabolic profiles were studied using standard techniques. MS was defined accordingly. The prevalence of MS phenotypes was estimated and compared among the three familial risk strata. Individuals with a history of both parents affected from diabetes had significantly higher (Pfamily history of T2DM. Significant difference was also noticed between individuals with and without MS according to the family history of diabetes (Pfamily history of T2DM. Family history of T2DM had significant effect on individuals with MS as compared to their counterparts (individuals having no family history of T2DM). It therefore seems reasonable to argue that family history of T2DM could be useful as a predictive tool for early diagnosis and prevention of MS in Asian Indian population.

  7. Study of phytoaccumulation of selenium by two different genotypes of chickpea plant using INAA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Srivastava, Alok; Prerna, Agarwal; Pathania, D.; Nayyar, H.; Swain, K.K.; Ajith, Nicy; Reddy, A.V.R.; Acharya, R.

    2011-01-01

    The phytoaccumulation efficacy of two geno types of chickpea plant member of the legume family has been studied using instrumental neutron activation analysis. The present work shows that both the desi as well as the kabuli variety of the chickpea plant have potential for application as a bioremediator as well as fortifier. The kabuli variety seems to be a better bioremediator. (author)

  8. Terapia com surfactante pulmonar exógeno: o que é estabelecido e o que necessitamos determinar Exogenous surfactant therapy: what is established and what still needs to be determined

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Celso M. Rebello

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Objetivos: revisar os aspectos já consagrados da terapêutica com surfactante exógeno, e discutir o estágio atual da pesquisa onde ainda não existe consenso. Fonte dos dados: revisão bibliográfica, utilizando o banco de dados Medline e Cochrane Database Library, associada à experiência dos autores em relação à terapêutica de reposição do surfactante exógeno. Síntese dos dados: os aspectos principais em relação às características do surfactante: composição, pool, metabolismo, inativação e efeitos imediatos após sua administração já estão bem estabelecidos. Mas ainda permanecem diversas dúvidas em relação ao uso do surfactante exógeno, que ainda é preciso determinar, como a escolha do tipo de surfactante, o momento mais apropriado para o tratamento, a dose e o número de doses, a melhor técnica de administração e as complicações associadas ao seu uso. Atualmente, a pesquisa no campo da terapêutica com surfactante exógeno concentra-se em duas linhas principais: o uso do surfactante em outras patologias que não a síndrome de desconforto respiratório do recém-nascido, e o desenvolvimento de novos surfactantes através da adição de proteínas, ou análogos de proteínas, com o objetivo de melhorar sua ação e de reduzir sua inativação por proteínas plasmáticas. Conclusões: hoje, a utilização do surfactante exógeno tornou-se rotina dentro das unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais, mas permanece aberto um campo de pesquisa tanto em nível experimental como clínico.Objective: to review well-known aspects of exogenous surfactant therapy, and to discuss controversial points regarding the current state of research. Sources: review of the literature, using Medline and Cochrane Database Library, in association with the authors' experience in relation to exogenous surfactant replacement therapy. Summary of the findings: the main aspects of surfactant characteristics: composition, pool, metabolism

  9. Waardenburg syndrome type I: Dental phenotypes and genetic analysis of an extended family.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sólia-Nasser, L; de Aquino, S-N; Paranaíba, L-M R; Gomes, A; Dos-Santos-Neto, P; Coletta, R-D; Cardoso, A-F; Frota, A-C; Martelli-Júnior, H

    2016-05-01

    The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of inheritance and the clinical features in a large family with Waardenburg syndrome type I (WS1), detailing the dental abnormalities and screening for PAX3 mutations. To characterize the pattern of inheritance and clinical features, 29 family members were evaluated by dermatologic, ophthalmologic, otorhinolaryngologic and orofacial examination. Molecular analysis of the PAX3 gene was performed. The pedigree of the family,including the last four generations, was constructed and revealed non-consanguineous marriages. Out of 29 descendants, 16 family members showed features of WS1, with 9 members showing two major criteria indicative of WS1. Five patients showed white forelock and iris hypopigmentation, and four showed dystopia canthorum and iris hypopigmentation. Two patients had hearing loss. Dental abnormalities were identified in three family members, including dental agenesis, conical teeth and taurodontism. Sequencing analysis failed to identify mutations in the PAX3 gene. These results confirm that WS1 was transmitted in this family in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable expressivity and high penetrance. The presence of dental manifestations, especially tooth agenesis and conical teeth which resulted in considerable aesthetic impact on affected individuals was a major clinical feature. This article reveals the presence of well-defined dental changes associated with WS1 and tries to establish a possible association between these two entities showing a new spectrum of WS1.

  10. Análisis de las poblaciones de microorganismos fijadores de nitrógeno del suelo aplicando procedimientos metagenómicos

    OpenAIRE

    Calderoli, Priscila Anabel

    2016-01-01

    En este trabajo de tesis doctoral se llevó a cabo el análisis de las poblaciones de microorganismos fijadores de nitrógeno del suelo aplicando análisis independientes del cultivo. Se analizaron suelos de la principal región agrícola de la Argentina, la región pampeana. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

  11. Reconocimiento de antígenos lipopolisacarídicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa por sueros humanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jacquelin Alfonso

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se procedió al reconocimiento de lipopolisacáridos de diferentes serotipos de Pseusodomas aeruginosa por sueros humanos. Los lipopolisacáridos fueron aislados por el método Wespthal y Jann. Se utilizaron un total de 104 sueros de pacientes infectados y donantes voluntarios, provenientes de instalaciones hospitalarias y del Banco de Sangre, para el reconocimiento de antígenos lipopolisacarídicos, mediante el ensayo de Dott Blot. Los resultados mostraron que los serotipos de mayor reconocimiento, por los sueros testados, fueron el O11, O13, O16 y el O15, existiendo diferencias significativas entre ellos (p< 0,05.

  12. The impact of migration on family solidarity types

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Baykara-Krumme, H.; Fokkema, T.

    2017-01-01

    This paper aims to expand knowledge on the effects of international migration on parent-adult child relationships. We develop a typology of families, include non-migrant families in the country of origin for comparison, and consider transnational families. Analyses are based on the Turkish 2000

  13. O hormônio de crescimento e a concentração de colágeno na cicatrização de feridas cutâneas de ratos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Biondo-Simões Maria de Lourdes Pessole

    2000-01-01

    Full Text Available Investiga-se a interferência do hormônio de crescimento no processo de cicatrização cutânea de ratos. Utilizaram-se 50 ratos machos com 170 dias de idade divididos em 2 grupos: controle (n=25 e experimento (n=25. Submeteram-se os ratos dos dois grupos à laparotomia mediana de 4 centímetros sob anestesia inalatória de éter etílico. Realizou-se a laparorrafia com 2 planos de sutura, o primeiro peritônio-músculo-aponevrótico e o segundo o da pele com chuleio contínuo de fio monofilamentar de náilon 4.0. Os animais do grupo experimento receberam 0,4U/kg/dia de hormônio de crescimento por via subcutânea diluído em 0,12 ml de água destilada e os do grupo controle recebiam igual volume do veículo pela mesma via. Realizaram-se as aferições após 36, 72, 168, 240 e 336 horas, ressecando-se retalhos da parede abdominal contendo as cicatrizes, que após preparação histológica e tratamento pelo Sirius red, forneceram a concentração do colágeno. O percentual da área de cicatriz ocupada por colágeno foi maior no grupo experimento nas 36 horas (p=0,0106, 72 horas (p=0,0089, 168 horas (p=0,0149 e 336 horas (p=0,0116. O percentual de colágeno I foi semelhante nos dois grupos nas 36 e 72 horas e maior no grupo experimento nas 168 horas (p=0,0218, 240 horas (p=0,0067 e nas 336 horas (p=0,0027. O percentual de colágeno III apareceu em proporção semelhante nos 2 grupos nas 36 e 72 horas. Sua proporção foi maior no grupo controle nas 168 horas (p=0,0216, 240 horas (p=0,0067 e 336 horas (p=0,0027. Estes dados permitiram concluir que o hormônio de crescimento levou a maior concentração de colágeno e acelerou a maturação das cicatrizes.

  14. Relationship between parenting style, family type, personality ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    208 females) from single parent, monogamous and polygamous families responded ... It was hypothesized that: there would be significant and positive correlations ... self esteem, need for achievement, locus of control, sense of competence and ... that young people from families where authoritative parenting was practiced ...

  15. Prevenção da transmissão de patógenos por manipuladores de alimentos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mirza de Souza Conceição

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar as formas de prevenção da transmissão de patógeno por manipuladores de alimentos. Este trabalho utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa, mediante uma pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando dados secundários oriundos de publicações e resultados de pesquisas específicas sobre o assunto realizando uma síntese explicativa sobre a prevenção da transmissão de patógenos por manipuladores de alimentos. As doenças transmitidas por alimentos é uma preocupação de saúde pública a nível mundial. E dentre agentes mais frequentes causadores de DTA’s estão os microrganismos de origem bacteriana como, a Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp, Bacillus cereus e Clostridium perfringens e destacam-se os alimentos de origem animal. Cabe destacar que a maioria dos manipuladores de alimentos necessita de maiores informações relacionadas à qualidade higiênica sanitária durante a fabricação dos produtos, e uma das maneiras de fornecer alimentos seguros é a realização de programas de educação continuada para esses profissionais. Conclui-se que o treinamento dos manipuladores de alimentos ainda é a melhor forma de contribuir para que estas pessoas se conscientizem sobre a sua responsabilidade e tenham cuidado no processamento do alimento.

  16. A Systematic Review: Family Support Integrated with Diabetes Self-Management among Uncontrolled Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pamungkas, Rian Adi; Chamroonsawasdi, Kanittha; Vatanasomboon, Paranee

    2017-09-15

    The rate of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is dramatically increasing worldwide. Continuing diabetes mellitus (DM) care needs effective self-management education and support for both patients and family members. This study aimed to review and describe the impacts of diabetes mellitus self-management education (DSME) that involve family members on patient outcomes related to patient health behaviors and perceived self-efficacy on self-management such as medication adherence, blood glucose monitoring, diet and exercise changes, health outcomes including psychological well-being and self-efficacy, and physiological markers including body mass index, level of blood pressure, cholesterol level and glycemic control. Three databases, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were reviewed for relevant articles. The search terms were "type 2 diabetes," "self-management," "diabetes self-management education (DSME)," "family support," "social support," and "uncontrolled glycaemia." Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines were used to determine which studies to include in the review. Details of the family support components of DSME intervention and the impacts of these interventions had on improving the health outcomes patients with uncontrolled glycaemia patients. A total of 22 intervention studies were identified. These studies involved different DSME strategies, different components of family support provided, and different health outcomes to be measured among T2D patients. Overall, family support had a positive impact on healthy diet, increased perceived support, higher self-efficacy, improved psychological well-being and better glycemic control. This systematic review found evidence that DSME with family support improved self-management behaviors and health outcomes among uncontrolled glycaemia T2D patients. The findings suggest DSME models that include family engagement can be a useful direction for improving diabetes care.

  17. INDUCCIÓN DE ACTIVIDAD PEROXIDASA Y DE FENOLES TOTALES COMO RESPUESTA DEL FRUTO DE LULO (Solanum quitoense L. AL PATÓGENO CAUSAL DE LA ANTRACNOSIS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Blanca L. Higuera

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó la inducción de peroxidasa en frutos de lulo con el fin de determinar su participación en las respuestas bioquímicas hacia el patógeno Colletotrichum acutatum, causante de la antracnosis. Se establecieron como mejores condiciones para su extracción y para determinación de la actividad: buffer fosfatos 100mM pH 7, 1% SDS y 1% PVPP; sustrato guayacol 15mM, peróxido de hidrógeno 10mM, pH 6,5, 55 °C y 30 µL de extracto. Se realizó un ensayo in vivo usando frutos verdes, pintones y maduros, inoculados con el hongo ó con agua estéril. Se determinó la actividad peroxidasa a diferentes horas a partir de la inoculación encontrándose una respuesta diferencial con el tiempo por efecto de la presencia del patógeno y, según el estado de madurez de los frutos. En lulos verdes inoculados con el hongo se observó aumento en la actividad al cabo de 6 y 144 horas. En lulos pintones no se observó efecto notable, mientras que en maduros el aumento en actividad fue prácticamente a todos los tiempos. Los resultados del contenido de fenoles totales mostraron que hubo acumulación a 96 y 144 horas por efecto del patógeno, para lulos en estado verde y maduro, mientras que para pintones, en los que se presentaron más rápido y con mayor severidad los síntomas de la antracnosis, no se observó aumento a ninguno de los tiempos. En los frutos más enfermos, el cambio en actividad peroxidasa y contenido total de fenoles fue menos evidente por lo que se sugiere una relación inversa de éstos con el desarrollo de la antracnosis.

  18. Genetic heterogeneity of Usher syndrome: analysis of 151 families with Usher type I.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Astuto, L M; Weston, M D; Carney, C A; Hoover, D M; Cremers, C W; Wagenaar, M; Moller, C; Smith, R J; Pieke-Dahl, S; Greenberg, J; Ramesar, R; Jacobson, S G; Ayuso, C; Heckenlively, J R; Tamayo, M; Gorin, M B; Reardon, W; Kimberling, W J

    2000-12-01

    Usher syndrome type I is an autosomal recessive disorder marked by hearing loss, vestibular areflexia, and retinitis pigmentosa. Six Usher I genetic subtypes at loci USH1A-USH1F have been reported. The MYO7A gene is responsible for USH1B, the most common subtype. In our analysis, 151 families with Usher I were screened by linkage and mutation analysis. MYO7A mutations were identified in 64 families with Usher I. Of the remaining 87 families, who were negative for MYO7A mutations, 54 were informative for linkage analysis and were screened with the remaining USH1 loci markers. Results of linkage and heterogeneity analyses showed no evidence of Usher types Ia or Ie. However, one maximum LOD score was observed lying within the USH1D region. Two lesser peak LOD scores were observed outside and between the putative regions for USH1D and USH1F, on chromosome 10. A HOMOG chi(2)((1)) plot shows evidence of heterogeneity across the USH1D, USH1F, and intervening regions. These results provide conclusive evidence that the second-most-common subtype of Usher I is due to genes on chromosome 10, and they confirm the existence of one Usher I gene in the previously defined USH1D region, as well as providing evidence for a second, and possibly a third, gene in the 10p/q region.

  19. Mediation of Family Alcoholism Risk by Religious Affiliation Types*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Haber, Jon Randolph; Jacob, Theodore

    2009-01-01

    Objective: Religious affiliation is inversely associated with alcohol dependence (AD). Our previous findings indicated that when a religious affiliation differentiated itself from cultural norms, then high-risk adolescents (those having parents with alcoholism history) raised with these affiliations exhibited fewer AD symptoms compared with adolescents of other religious affiliations and nonreligious adolescents. The first of two studies reported here provides a needed replication of our previous findings for childhood religious affiliation using a different sample, and the second study extends examination to current religious affiliation. Method: A national sample of male and female adolescents/young adults (N = 1,329; mean age = 19.6 years) was selected who were the offspring of members of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Parental alcoholism, religious affiliation types, and their interactions were examined as predictors of offspring AD symptoms. Results: (1) Offspring reared with a differentiating religious affiliation during childhood exhibited significantly fewer AD symptoms as young adults; (2) offspring with current differentiating religious affiliation also exhibited fewer AD symptoms; this main effect was not weakened by adding other measures of religiousness to the model; (3) differentiating religious affiliation was correlated with both family alcoholism risk and offspring outcome, and removed the association between family alcoholism risk and offspring outcome, thus indicating that differentiating religious affiliation was at least a partial mediator of the association between family AD history risk and offspring AD outcome. Conclusions: Current results indicate that religious differentiation is an inverse mediator of alcoholism risk for offspring with or without parental AD history and regardless of the influence of other religion variables. Results replicated our previous report on religious upbringing between ages 6 and 13 years and indicated an even

  20. Resposta imune humoral a antígenos de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis e P. Lutzii na paracoccidioidomicose humana

    OpenAIRE

    Adriane Lenhard-Vidal

    2013-01-01

    A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma micose sistêmica causada pelo fungo termodimórfico Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (espécies filogenéticas S1, PS2 e PS3), sendo conhecida uma nova espécie, P. lutzii. Considerando-se que a diversidade genética do Paracoccidioides sp. possivelmente gera diferenças na resposta imune do hospedeiro, esta pesquisa objetivou determinar e correlacionar níveis de anticorpos IgG a antígenos de P. brasiliensis (S1, PS2) e P. lutzii em pacientes com PCM. Foram obtidos ...

  1. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7: Report of an Indian family

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gurusidheshwar M Wali

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7 is a form of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia which is associated with pigmentary retinal degeneration. It is known for its world-wide rarity except in the Scandinavian countries. It is very rarely reported from India and the neighbouring Asian countries . The present report describes the neurogenetic findings of a family of SCA7, from the northern part of Karnataka in South India. It documents the wide intrafamilial phenotypic variability, which could be correlated with the CAG repeat counts and phenomenon of anticipation. Genotype phenotype correlation highlighted certain disparities in comparison with the previous studies. The report highlights the need for multiethnic population studies and the role of genetic counseling and prenatal testing in SCA7 patients.

  2. Competitiveness of Family Businesses

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    M.A.A.M. Leenders (Mark); E. Waarts (Eric)

    2001-01-01

    textabstractThe purpose of this study is to systematically examine the advantages and disadvantages of different types of family businesses. We distinguish four different types of family businesses based on their family and business orientation: (1) House of Business, (2) Family Money Machine, (3)

  3. Contaminación por nitrógeno inorgánico en los ecosistemas acuáticos: problemas medioambientales, criterios de calidad del agua, e implicaciones del cambio climático

    OpenAIRE

    J. A. Camargo; A. Alonso

    2007-01-01

    Los principales problemas medioambientales asociados a la contaminación por nitrógeno inorgánico en los ecosistemas acuáticos son: (1) acidificación de ríos y lagos con baja o reducida alcalinidad; (2) eutrofización de las aguas dulces y marinas (con el problema adicional de las algas tóxicas); y (3) toxicidad directa de los compuestos nitrogenadospara los animales acuáticos. Además, la contaminación por nitrógeno inorgánico podría inducir efectos perjudiciales sobre la salud humana. En b...

  4. Types of strain among family members of individuals with autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shivers, Carolyn M; Krizova, Katarina; Lee, Gloria K

    2017-09-01

    Although increased caregiver strain is often found among family caregivers of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, it is still unclear as to how different types of strain relate to amount and types of caregiving across the lifespan. The present study examined different types of strain (i.e. subjective internalized strain, subjective externalized strain, and objective strain) and how such strain relates to the amount of caregiving responsibilities. Data was collected via online survey from a sample of 193 family caregivers of individuals with ASD from the United States, Canada, and the Republic of Ireland. Participants completed measures of strain and caregiving responsibilities, as well as coping, demographics, and services needed and received by the individual with ASD. Caregivers reported higher levels of objective strain than subjective, and caregiving responsibility was related to objective and subjective internalized strain. Coping style was strongly correlated with all types of strain, and unmet service needs were significantly related to objective and subjective internalized strain. Caregiving behaviors were only related to objective strain. The present results indicate that, although caregiving responsibility is related to objective and subjective internalized strain, the relationship is perhaps not as strong as the relationship between coping mechanisms and strain. Future research is needed to understand different types of strain and develop strategies to help caregivers. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Evaluación de patógenos en clones de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Consuelo Montes Rojas

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available En el noroccidente de Popayán, Colombia, se evaluó la presencia de plagas causadas por patógenos en 42 clones de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.. Los clones fueron plantados en bolsas plásticas, donde se desarrollaron por 3 semanas antes de ser trasplantados al campo. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones, la parcela útil estuvo conformada por 6 plantas, las cuales se sembraron a ‘tresbolillo’ a 2.5 m entre surcos y 2 m entre plantas. Para determinar el efecto de las plagas en el cultivo, se calculó el porcentaje de incidencia y severidad del ataque. La incidencia se evaluó como porcentaje de plantas afectadas, y la severidad como porcentaje de tejido afectado por el patógeno. Las enfermedades más limitantes para los 42 clones fueron: gota (Phytophthora infestans que provocó una mortalidad de plantas superior a 40%; fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum que se presentó en 12 de los clones evaluados; antracnosis (Colletotrichum sp. que afectó 21 clones, los cuales se clasificaron entre tolerantes y medianamente tolerantes; y mancha clorótica (Cladosporium sp. que afectó 21 clones, clasificados como susceptibles. Los clones PL19, PL24, PL11, PL35 fueron medianamente tolerantes. Se seleccionaron por supervivencia los clones: JY E1 (52.2%, PH E 1 (45.8%, VM E2 (45.8%; por supervivencia y por tolerancia a Fusarium oxysporum los clones PL35, PL11, PL24, PL8, PL19, 120052, 120043, ORE1, AGE1. Los clones SER 7, SER 15, SER 9, SEC 31, SEC 27 presentaron alta mortalidad pero se seleccionaron por ser medianamente tolerantes a gota, tolerantes a antracnosis y medianamente resistentes a nematodos, con buen vigor y producción.

  6. De novo dominant mutation of SOX10 gene in a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Kaitian; Zong, Ling; Liu, Min; Zhan, Yuan; Wu, Xuan; Zou, Wenting; Jiang, Hongyan

    2014-06-01

    Waardenburg syndrome is a rare genetic disorder, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The condition is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigment disturbances of the hair, skin, and iris. The de novo mutation in the SOX10 gene, responsible for Waardenburg syndrome type II, is rarely seen. The present study aimed to identify the genetic causes of Waardenburg syndrome type II in a Chinese family. Clinical and molecular evaluations were conducted in a Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type II. A novel SOX10 heterozygous c.259-260delCT mutation was identified. Heterozygosity was not observed in the parents and sister of the proband, indicating that the mutation has arisen de novo. The novel frameshift mutation, located in exon 3 of the SOX10 gene, disrupted normal amino acid coding from Leu87, leading to premature termination at nucleotide 396 (TGA). The high mobility group domain of SOX10 was inferred to be partially impaired. The novel heterozygous c.259-260delCT mutation in the SOX10 gene was considered to be the cause of Waardenburg syndrome in the proband. The clinical and genetic characterization of this family would help elucidate the genetic heterogeneity of SOX10 in Waardenburg syndrome type II. Moreover, the de novo pattern expanded the mutation data of SOX10. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. A Müntz type theorem for a family of corner cutting schemes

    KAUST Repository

    Ait-Haddou, Rachid

    2013-02-01

    Dimension elevation process of Gelfond–Bézier curves generates a family of control polygons obtained through a sequence of corner cuttings. We give a Müntz type condition for the convergence of the generated control polygons to the underlying curve. The surprising emergence of the Müntz condition in the problem raises the question of a possible connection between the density questions of nested Chebyshev spaces and the convergence of the corresponding dimension elevation algorithms.

  8. Educating families from ethnic minorities in type 1 diabetes-experiences from a Danish intervention study

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Povlsen, Lene; Olsen, Birthe; Ladelund, Steen

    2004-01-01

    focusing on immigrant families with children with type 1 diabetes is described. The intervention included the development of adapted educational material and guidelines, and a subsequent re-education of children, adolescents and parents from 37 families. The study demonstrated that it was possible......Ethnic minorities may constitute vulnerable groups within Western health care systems as their ability to master severe chronic diseases could be affected by barriers such as different culture and health/illness beliefs, communication problems and limited educational background. An intervention...... to improve health outcome. During the study, the knowledge of diabetes increased, but with considerable differences between the families. HbA(1c) also decreased significantly during the intervention, but increased during follow-up. The paper discusses possible explanations and suggestions for optimising...

  9. A Systematic Review: Family Support Integrated with Diabetes Self-Management among Uncontrolled Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rian Adi Pamungkas

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available The rate of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2D is dramatically increasing worldwide. Continuing diabetes mellitus (DM care needs effective self-management education and support for both patients and family members. This study aimed to review and describe the impacts of diabetes mellitus self-management education (DSME that involve family members on patient outcomes related to patient health behaviors and perceived self-efficacy on self-management such as medication adherence, blood glucose monitoring, diet and exercise changes, health outcomes including psychological well-being and self-efficacy, and physiological markers including body mass index, level of blood pressure, cholesterol level and glycemic control. Three databases, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were reviewed for relevant articles. The search terms were “type 2 diabetes,” “self-management,” “diabetes self-management education (DSME,” “family support,” “social support,” and “uncontrolled glycaemia.” Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI guidelines were used to determine which studies to include in the review. Details of the family support components of DSME intervention and the impacts of these interventions had on improving the health outcomes patients with uncontrolled glycaemia patients. A total of 22 intervention studies were identified. These studies involved different DSME strategies, different components of family support provided, and different health outcomes to be measured among T2D patients. Overall, family support had a positive impact on healthy diet, increased perceived support, higher self-efficacy, improved psychological well-being and better glycemic control. This systematic review found evidence that DSME with family support improved self-management behaviors and health outcomes among uncontrolled glycaemia T2D patients. The findings suggest DSME models that include family engagement can be a useful direction for improving diabetes care.

  10. Dinámica de las concentraciones de carbono y nitrógeno en la descomposición de hojarascas de cultivos subtropicales del sureste de España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Rocío Rodríguez Pleguezuelo

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available La descomposición de la hojarasca es una de las principales vías de consumo de energía en un ecosistema y uno de los pilares básicos en el ciclo de nutrientes. Por otro lado, en las últimas décadas, los cultivos subtropicales se han expandido de forma considerable en la costa de Granada (sureste de España. Para evaluar dichos ciclos se llevó a cabo un ensayo con bolsas utilizando para ello hojas de mango (Mangifera indica L., chirimoyo (Annona cherimola Mill., aguacate (Persea americana Mill. y níspero (Eriobotrya japonica L.. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un seguimiento de la dinámica de descomposición de las hojarascas producidas por el mango, aguacate, chirimoyo y níspero, y de la evolución de su contenido en carbono y nitrógeno en condiciones de clima mediterráneo subtropical. Las bolsas fueron enterradas y se recuperaron cada cierto tiempo para evaluar la concentración de carbono y nitrógeno, así como la pérdida de masa en cada una de ellas. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron de forma evidente que los agricultores pueden beneficiarse del conocimiento de la dinámica de nutrientes en hojarasca para mejorar la materia orgánica en el suelo a largo plazo y la incorporación de nitrógeno. En este sentido, el níspero y el mango mostraron las mayores tasas de acumulación de nitrógeno y, por lo tanto, la biomasa de estas especies podría ser utilizada como enmiendas de tipo orgánico a largo plazo. Por el contrario, el chirimoyo acumuló mayores cantidades de carbono que el resto de los cultivos estudiados.

  11. Interacciones genotóxicas de mutágenos en mezclas binarias mediante ensayo cometa alcalino en linfocitos humanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabel C. Ortiz

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. Los mutágenos contenidos en mezclas complejas presentan interacciones desinergismo, aditivas o antagónicas. Se han desarrollado enfoques experimentales que permitandilucidar el responsable de las interacciones en la mezcla. Objetivo. Desarrollar un diseño experimental para comprender los procesos que se llevan a caboentre los compuestos presentes en las mezclas complejas. Materiales y métodos. Se expusieron linfocitos humanos a mezclas binarias de mutágenos B[a]P,DMBA, Trp-P-1 y MX durante una hora, con activación metabólica y sin ella. La viabilidad se evaluócon azul de tripano y, la genotoxicidad, con cometa alcalino. Resultados. Ningún hidrocarburo tuvo efecto con furanona. Con S9 y sin él, se observó que sepresentaban interacciones tóxicas entre hidrocarburos. Se observó sinergismo sin S9 entre B[a]P yTrp-P-1 y, con actividad metabólica, entre DMBA y Trp-P-1. Sin S9 se observó interacción antagónicaentre Trp-P-1 y DMBA y, con S9, entre Trp-P-1 y MX y entre MX y DMBA. Se observó un incrementodependiente de la dosis en la longitud de la cola. Hubo daño genotóxico medio y aumento de lascélulas dañadas. Para todas las mezclas se pudo determinar la concentración mínima en la que seobservaban efectos adversos y solo para algunas se determinó la concentración máxima en la cual nose observaron efectos adversos. Conclusión. Se hace un aporte para comprender los procesos que ocurren cuando en una mezclahay presentes, al menos, dos mutágenos y se valida un modelo de análisis que permite dilucidar elcompuesto que tiene efecto sobre otro. También, se demostró que según el tipo de compuestos en lamezcla, se tendrá o no un umbral de riesgo.   doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v32i3.739

  12. Quantitative whole-body MRI in familial partial lipodystrophy type 2: changes in adipose tissue distribution coincide with biochemical improvement.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    McLaughlin, Patrick D

    2012-11-01

    OBJECTIVE: Familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man no. 151660) is a systemic disorder characterized by regional lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy, severe insulin resistance, and early cardiovascular death. At initial presentation, whole-body MRI allows the radiologist to accurately characterize patients with familial partial lipodystrophy and helps differentiate familial partial lipodystrophy from many other subtypes of lipodystophy. We present the findings of serial quantitative MRI analysis in two patients with familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 and outline the objective imaging changes that occur during medical therapy with oral rosiglitazone. CONCLUSION: Cervical adipose volume and visceral adipose area increased by 105% and 60% in the two patients and hepatic fat fraction decreased by 55% during a 21-month period of medical therapy. These changes coincided with a decrease in biochemical indexes of insulin resistance. Whole body quantitative MRI may therefore help to demonstrate the subclinical changes in fat deposition that occur as a result of novel treatment of familial partial lipodystrophy and with continued research may play a role in guiding the choice, duration, and intensity of novel medical therapy.

  13. Young Children's Sibling Relationship Interactional Types: Associations with Family Characteristics, Parenting, and Child Characteristics

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gamble, Wendy C.; Yu, Jeong Jin

    2014-01-01

    Research Findings: This study examines patterns of sibling relationship qualities or interactional types and their association with family characteristics, parenting, and the characteristics of 1 of those children. Participants were 65 children (34 boys; Time 1 mean age = 51 months), their mothers, fathers, and Head Start teachers. Approximately…

  14. A novel mutation in PAX3 associated with Waardenburg syndrome type I in a Chinese family.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xiao, Yun; Luo, Jianfen; Zhang, Fengguo; Li, Jianfeng; Han, Yuechen; Zhang, Daogong; Wang, Mingming; Ma, Yalin; Xu, Lei; Bai, Xiaohui; Wang, Haibo

    2016-01-01

    The novel compound heterozygous mutation in PAX3 was the key genetic reason for WS1 in this family, which was useful to the molecular diagnosis of WS1. Screening the pathogenic mutations in a four generation Chinese family with Waardenburg syndrome type I (WS1). WS1 was diagnosed in a 4-year-old boy according to the Waardenburg syndrome Consortium criteria. The detailed family history revealed four affected members in the family. Routine clinical, audiological examination, and ophthalmologic evaluation were performed on four affected and 10 healthy members in this family. The genetic analysis was conducted, including the targeted next-generation sequencing of 127 known deafness genes combined with Sanger sequencing, TA clone and bioinformatic analysis. A novel compound heterozygous mutation c.[169_170insC;172_174delAAG] (p.His57ProfsX55) was identified in PAX3, which was co-segregated with WS1 in the Chinese family. This mutation was absent in the unaffected family members and 200 ethnicity-matched controls. The phylogenetic analysis and three-dimensional (3D) modeling of Pax3 protein further confirmed that the novel compound heterozygous mutation was pathogenic.

  15. Factores de virulencia de Staphylococcus aureus asociados con infecciones mamarias en bovinos: relevancia y rol como agentes inmunógenos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cecilia M Camussone

    Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus es el microorganismo causante de mastitis bovina más prevalente en Argentina y en el mundo. La falta de efectividad frente a este organismo de los métodos tradicionales de control, basados en la higiene y la terapia antibiótica, ha conducido a la búsqueda de alternativas para prevenir la enfermedad. Una de ellas es la manipulación de los mecanismos defensivos del huésped mediante vacunación. La identificación de los factores de virulencia que estimulan las defensas del huésped es fundamental para el desarrollo racional de inmunógenos.S. aureus posee múltiples factores de virulencia que interactúan con el huésped en distintas etapas de la infección mamaria; algunos de ellos han mostrado capacidad de generar una respuesta inmune benéfica para el huésped. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar conceptos de estructura, función y utilización como inmunógenos de los factores de virulencia de S. aureus considerados como más relevantes en las principales etapas de la infección intramamaria.

  16. Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Zetner, Diana Bregner; Bisgaard, Marie Luise

    2017-01-01

    The genetic background is unknown for the 50-60% of the HNPCC families, who fulfill the Amsterdam criteria, but do not have a mutation in an MMR gene, and is referred to as FCCTX. This study reviews the clinical, morphological and molecular characteristics of FCCTX, and discusses the molecular ge...

  17. CAMBIOS EN EL ALMACENAMIENTO DE NITRÓGENO Y AGUA EN EL SUELO DE UN MATORRAL DESÉRTICO TRANSFORMADO A SABANA DE BUFFEL (Pennisetum ciliare (L. Link

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernán Celaya Michel

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available El cambio de uso de suelo es uno de los principales factores de la degradación de los ecosistemas naturales, al modificar los procesos de transferencia de nitrógeno y agua reduciendo su productividad. En el presente trabajo, se describe cómo la transformación de matorrales desérticos a sabanas de zacate buffel en la región central de Sonora (RCS afecta dichos almacenes de recursos del suelo. Para entenderlo, se seleccionaron parcelas en el matorral bajo el dosel de árboles de Olneya tesota (NA y espacios abiertos sin cobertura vegetal aparente (NI, y en la sabana de buffel, bajo la misma especie de árbol (SA, inter-espacio (SI y bajo el pasto buffel (SB. Se analizó el nitrógeno total y las formas disponibles de este nutrimento en el suelo, así como contenido de agua en el suelo a diferentes profundidades durante cuatro años (2010 al 2013. Se encontró una pérdida anual de 12.5 kg N ha-1 debido a la transformación del ecosistema natural dominado por árboles y arbustos que generan islas de fertilidad e inter-espacios, a una sabana dominada por buffel e inter-espacios a sabana. La humedad del suelo indica que en la parte superficial del suelo, los espacios abiertos tienen más humedad, pero en la parte profunda de 150 a 200 cm la cubierta vegetal de los árboles y buffel almacenan más agua. Los resultados sugieren que el cambio de matorrales a sabanas de buffel ha disminuido los reservorios de nitrógeno y agua, e impactado las propiedades físicas del suelo, la fertilidad, y los reservorios hídricos del suelo. El estudio sugiere que los cambios espaciales y temporales en nitrógeno y agua en el suelo repercutirán de manera importante en el balance hidrológico y funcionamiento del ecosistema transformado.

  18. Health information sources for different types of information used by Chinese patients with cancer and their family caregivers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xie, Bo; Su, Zhaohui; Liu, Yihao; Wang, Mo; Zhang, Ming

    2017-08-01

    Little is known about the information sources of Chinese patients with cancer and their family caregivers, yet this knowledge is critical for providing patient-centred care. To assess and compare the information sources used by Chinese patients with cancer and their family caregivers. The validated Health Information Wants Questionnaire (HIWQ) was translated and administered in March 2014. The oncology department of a general hospital in south-west China. A convenience sample of 198 individuals, including 79 patients with cancer (mean age=55.24, SD=13.80) and 119 family caregivers (mean age=46.83, SD=14.61). Ratings on the HIWQ items assessing information sources for different types of information. The interaction between information source and group was significant (F 3,576 =6.32, Pinformation than patients from the Internet. Caregivers and patients did not differ in the amount of information they obtained from doctors/nurses, interpersonal contacts or mass media. The interaction between information type and information source was significant (F 18,3456 =6.38, Pinformation of all types from doctors/nurses than from the other three sources and obtained more information from interpersonal contacts than from mass media or the Internet. The information sources of Chinese patients with cancer and their family caregivers were similar, with an important difference that caregivers obtained more online information than patients. These findings have important implications for patient care and education in China where the family typically plays a major role in the care and decision making. © 2016 The Authors. Health Expectations Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  19. [Association between type 2 diabetes and physical activity in individuals with family history of diabetes].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Petermann, Fanny; Díaz-Martínez, Ximena; Garrido-Méndez, Álex; Leiva, Ana María; Martínez, María Adela; Salas, Carlos; Poblete-Valderrama, Felipe; Celis-Morales, Carlos

    To investigate whether the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and family history of diabetes is modified by the levels of physical activity in the Chilean population. In this study were included 5129 participants from the cross-sectional 2009-2010 National Health Survey. Physical activity level was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and family history of T2D, through self-reporting. The association between diabetes, family history of diabetes and physical activity was determined using logistic regression. The odds of developing T2D in people with family history of this pathology is high, independent of their levels of physical activity and adiposity. Both men and women with family history of T2D have a higher probability of developing T2D. The odds ratio for having T2D was 5,49 (95%CI: 3,85-7,84; p <0,0001) in women, and 8,16 (95%CI: 4,96-13,4; p <0,0001) in men with family history of T2D and low levels of physical activity in comparison to those with high levels of physical activity and without a family history. Given the elevated risk of developing T2D presented by individuals with a family history of this pathology, and the effect of physical activity in reducing such risk, people with family history of diabetes may need higher levels of physical activity to attenuate their susceptibility to T2D. Copyright © 2017 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

  20. Effects of diabetes-related family stress on glycemic control in young patients with type 1 diabetes: Systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tsiouli, Elina; Alexopoulos, Evangelos C; Stefanaki, Charikleia; Darviri, Christina; Chrousos, George P

    2013-02-01

    To investigate the way that family stress influences glycemic control among patients with diabetes who are younger than 18 years of age. PubMed and Scopus were searched for relevant studies published since 1990 using the following key words: diabetes type 1, glycemic control, family stress, family conflict, and family function. In total, 1478 papers were identified in the initial search. The final review included 6 cohort studies, 3 cross-sectional studies, and 1 qualitative review in which family stress was assessed using specific diabetes-related conflict measurement instruments, and glycemic control was evaluated by glycosylated hemoglobin measurement. In most studies family stress was negatively correlated with patients' glycemic control. Family function was strongly related to patients' glycemic control, while family conflict was adversely associated with glycemic control. Families of low socioeconomic status, those of adolescents with diabetes, and those of single parents were more prone to diabetes-related stress and thus more susceptible to worse glycemic control. Therapeutic psychological interventions and educational programs can help alleviate family diabetes-related stress and will likely improve glycemic control.

  1. SELECCIÓN DE AISLADOS DE HONGOS ENTOMOPATÓGENOS PARA EL CONTROL DE Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Martha Cruz-Avalos

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la susceptibilidad in vitro de larvas no alimentadas de Rhipicephalus microplus a diferentes aislados de hongos entomopatógenos nativos de suelo de unidades ganaderas y conocer las características de crecimiento y potencial de inóculo de los aislados que mostraran ser más patógenos. Se evaluó la patogenicidad y virulencia de aislados de Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (Ma, Beauveria bassiana (Bb e, Isaria fumorosea (Ifr, en larvas de R. microplus de 7 días de edad, expuestas mediante inmersión en una solución acuosa a la concentración 1x108 conidios/ml. Los aislados Ma135 y Ma133, presentaron alta patogenicidad con 100 y 94% de mortalidad, con valores CL50 de 5.2x104 y 2.5x104 conidios/ml, respectivamente. En estos aislados, la producción de esporas fue de 1.0x10¹º conidios/ml, y el crecimiento radial de micelio fue de 3.07 y 3.60 mm/día, respectivamente. Estos resultados demuestran que los aislados Ma135 y Ma133, pueden ser considerados potenciales agentes de control biológico en larvas de R. microplus. Â

  2. A Comparison of Types of Support for Lower-Skill Workers: Evidence for the Importance of Family Supportive Supervisors

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muse, Lori A.; Pichler, Shaun

    2011-01-01

    The work-family literature to date does not offer a clear picture in terms of the relative importance of different types of supports for balancing work and family demands. Grounded in conservation or resources theory, we develop an integrative model relating multiple forms of social support, both formal (i.e., work-life benefit use) and informal…

  3. The family and family structure classification redefined for the current times

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rahul Sharma

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available The family is a basic unit of study in many medical and social science disciplines. Definitions of family have varied from country to country, and also within country. Because of this and the changing realities of the current times, there is a felt need for redefining the family and the common family structure types, for the purpose of study of the family as a factor in health and other variables of interest. A redefinition of a ′′family′′ has been proposed and various nuances of the definition are also discussed in detail. A classification scheme for the various types of family has also been put forward. A few exceptional case scenarios have been envisaged and their classification as per the new scheme is discussed, in a bid to clarify the classification scheme further. The proposed scheme should prove to be of use across various countries and cultures, for broadly classifying the family structure. The unique scenarios of particular cultures can be taken into account by defining region or culture-specific subtypes of the overall types of family structure.

  4. Escherichia coli O157:H7- patógeno alimentar emergente / Escherichia coli O157:H7 - emerging food pathogen

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cheila Minéia Daniel de Paula

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, cerca de 2,2 milhões de pessoas morrem anualmente em função de doenças hídricas ou alimentares, a maioria dos quais são crianças. Estas doenças são causadas por patógenos já conhecidos, emergentes ou reemergentes, principalmente bactérias. A globalização tem contribuído na disseminação de patógenos de origem alimentar, aumentando o desafio relacionado à identificação da origem desses agentes e à elaboração de regulamentação e fiscalização adequadas. O cenário das Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos (DTA muda constantemente e a prevalência de determinada doença varia de época para época, assim como os agentes etiológicos destas. Dentre os principais patógenos emergentes em nível mundial, E. coli O157:H7 tem ganhado grande destaque nos últimos 20 anos, devido à severidade de seus surtos. Até pouco tempo, o Brasil era considerado livre desse patógeno, porém a bibliografia científica e registros epidemiológicos demonstram o contrário. Em vista disso, o presente artigo objetiva realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura, enfocando as características, os métodos de isolamento e detecção e os dados epidemiológicos da E. coli O157:H7 no Brasil e no mundo. =============================================== According to the World Health Organization, about 2.2 million people, most of whom are children, die each year due to water and foodborne illnesses. These illnesses are caused by known, emerging, or reemerging pathogens, mainly bacteria. Globalization has contributed to the spread of foodborne pathogens, increasing the challenge of identifying the origin of these agents and of developing appropriate regulation and monitoring. The scenario of Foodborne Illnesses (FI constantly changes and the prevalence of a particular illnesses as well as its etiological agents, vary from season to season. Among the major emerging pathogens at a global level, E. coli O157:H7

  5. Vertebrados marinos del neógeno del suroeste de la Península Ibérica

    OpenAIRE

    Toscano Grande, Antonio

    2016-01-01

    Esta Tesis Doctoral aborda el estudio de los vertebrados marinos presentes en las formaciones del Mioceno y Plioceno del SO de la Cuenca del Guadalquivir en la provincia de Huelva, sus aspectos evolutivos e implicaciones paleoecológicas. Los resultados obtenidos permiten definir con mayor resolución la evolución de los ecosistemas litorales y marinos del SO de la Península Ibérica durante el Neógeno superior. Durante esta época, las dos principales vías de comunicación entre el océano Atlánti...

  6. El retorno a Eleusis: ¿tienen los alucinógenos un papel en terapéutica?

    OpenAIRE

    López Briz, Eduardo

    2015-01-01

    Desde los años 70, y tras la explosión de la psicodelia, el interés por el poder terapéutico de los alucinógenos (o 'psicodélicos') se había desvanecido de manera paralela a su inclusión dentro del extenso grupo de las drogas de abuso o recreativas. Recientemente han vuelto a situarse en el foco de la atención psiquiátrica por su papel en el tratamiento de la ansiedad, la depresión, las adicciones y el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT).

  7. Influencia de la variación de la presión de oxígeno ambiental en la formación ósea en cuyes nativos del nivel del mar

    OpenAIRE

    Aguirre Siancas, Elías Ernesto

    2014-01-01

    Introducción: La hipoxia caracteriza a los tejidos inicialmente injuriados; la variación en la disposición del oxígeno tisular en el proceso de reparación ósea determina la aparición de diversas moléculas implicadas en la sanación del tejido. Objetivos: Determinar si la variación de la presión de oxígeno ambiental influirá en la formación ósea posterior a una osteotomía en cuyes nativos del nivel del mar. Diseño: Experimental. Lugar: Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de...

  8. Impact of Relationship Status and Quality (Family Type) on the Mental Health of Mothers and Their Children: A 10-Year Longitudinal Study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hannighofer, Jasmin; Foran, Heather; Hahlweg, Kurt; Zimmermann, Tanja

    2017-01-01

    Mothers and children of single or unstable relationships have higher rates of mental health problems than those in stable two-parent families. Despite results that mothers and children of conflictual two-parent families also show impairments, most studies do not consider relationship quality. Therefore, the present study combines relationship status and relationship quality to a "family type." The present study compares German mothers and children of two-parent families with high relationship quality to those from two-parent families with a low quality, single mothers, and unstable families. Data of n  = 249 families from a 10-year follow-up longitudinal study show that mothers with a high relationship quality show the highest levels of mental health whereas all other groups show at least a 3.2 times higher probability of mental health symptoms. Children of mothers in unstable relationships show a 8.2 times higher probability to emotional or behavioral problems than children of mothers with high relationship quality. Therefore, not only relationship status but also relationship quality should be combined and this "family type" should be considered in future research.

  9. Family factors in end-of-life decision-making: family conflict and proxy relationship.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Parks, Susan Mockus; Winter, Laraine; Santana, Abbie J; Parker, Barbara; Diamond, James J; Rose, Molly; Myers, Ronald E

    2011-02-01

    Few studies have examined proxy decision-making regarding end-of-life treatment decisions. Proxy accuracy is defined as whether proxy treatment choices are consistent with the expressed wishes of their index elder. The purpose of this study was to examine proxy accuracy in relation to two family factors that may influence proxy accuracy: perceived family conflict and type of elder-proxy relationship. Telephone interviews with 202 community-dwelling elders and their proxy decision makers were conducted including the Life-Support Preferences Questionnaire (LSPQ), and a measure of family conflict, and sociodemographic characteristics, including type of relationship. Elder-proxy accuracy was associated with the type of elder-proxy relationship. Adult children demonstrated the lowest elder-proxy accuracy and spousal proxies the highest elder-proxy accuracy. Elder-proxy accuracy was associated with family conflict. Proxies reporting higher family conflict had lower elder-proxy accuracy. No interaction between family conflict and relationship type was revealed. Spousal proxies were more accurate in their substituted judgment than adult children, and proxies who perceive higher degree of family conflict tended to be less accurate than those with lower family conflict. Health care providers should be aware of these family factors when discussing advance care planning.

  10. Disentangling the roles of parental monitoring and family conflict in adolescents' management of type 1 diabetes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hilliard, Marisa E; Holmes, Clarissa S; Chen, Rusan; Maher, Kathryn; Robinson, Elizabeth; Streisand, Randi

    2013-04-01

    Less parental monitoring of adolescents' diabetes self-care and more family conflict are each associated with poorer diabetes outcomes. However, little is known about how these two family factors relate with one another in the context of self-care and glycemic control. Diabetes self-care was evaluated as a mediator of the associations among parental monitoring, family conflict, and glycemic control in early adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Adolescent-parent dyads (n = 257) reported on the frequency of parental monitoring, family conflict, and diabetes self-care. Hemoglobin A1c was abstracted from medical charts. Structural equation modeling was used for mediation analysis. A mediation model linking parental involvement and family conflict with A1c through diabetes self-care fit the data well. Monitoring and conflict were inversely correlated (β = -0.23, p Conflict also was positively associated with higher A1c (β = 0.31, p conflict and less parental monitoring are risk factors for poorer glycemic control, and diabetes self-care is one mediator linking these variables. Interventions to promote parental monitoring of diabetes management during early adolescence may benefit from emphasizing strategies to prevent or reduce family conflict. 2013 APA, all rights reserved

  11. Brood care in Brachyuran crabs: the effect of oxygen provision on reproductive costs Cuidado maternal en crustáceos braquiuros: el efecto de la provisión de oxígeno sobre los costos de la reproducción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    MIRIAM FERNÁNDEZ

    2003-06-01

    , regardless of the habitat types inhabited by brooding females. Recent studies have shown that ovigerous female crabs consume a substantially higher amount of oxygen than non-brooding females, and suggested that there may be a trade-off between investment in eggs and in ventilation of the embryos. This information supports the need for including the cost of oxygen provision in the estimation of maternal effort. A broad range of possible areas of research are proposed to advance in this direction, concentrating either on marine invertebrates in general, or Brachyuran crabs in particularLa cuantificación de los costos asociados con cuidado parental en invertebrados marinos requiere de un primer paso, muy necesario, cual es la identificación de los diferentes tipos de cuidado parental presentes en este grupo. Entre los invertebrados marinos, la provisión de oxígeno a las agregaciones de embriones es crítica, pero hasta ahora las evidencias que ligan el cuidado maternal con la provisión de oxígeno son indirectas. Las especies que muestran comportamientos activos dirigidos a la provisión de oxígeno a los embriones ofrecen un buen modelo de estudio para establecer la relación entre cuidado maternal y provisión de oxígeno, permitiendo además estimar los costos asociados. En este manuscrito, presentamos una revisión de la información existente sobre limitación de oxígeno en agregaciones de embriones de invertebrados marinos en general, y de braquiuros en particular. El principal énfasis es en resultados recientes sobre Braquiuros y nueva información sobre Ovalipes trimaculatus. Las consecuencias de la limitación de oxígeno sobre inversión en reproducción y determinación del tamaño de la camada son analizadas. Los patrones temporales de disponibilidad de oxígeno en el centro de masas de embriones de Braquiuros difiere de otras especies de invertebrados marinos. Un patrón cíclico de presión parcial de oxígeno (PO2 se observa en masas de embriones tempranos

  12. Randomized trial of a diabetes self-management education and family teamwork intervention in adolescents with Type1 diabetes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Murphy, H. R.; Wadham, C.; Hassler-Hurst, J.

    2012-01-01

    Aims To evaluate the effectiveness of a family-centred group education programme, in adolescents with Type1 diabetes. Methods Three hundred and five adolescents with Type1 diabetes; age 13.1±1.9years, diabetes duration 5.6±3.3years, BMI 20.9±3.7kg/m 2, HbA 1c 78±6mmol/mol (9.3±1.9%) were randomly...... attendance of group education sessions delivered in routine clinics was a major challenge. More personalized educational approaches may be required to support and motivate families who are struggling to integrate the demands of intensive insulin regimens into their daily lives....

  13. Adaptación de un motor de combustión interna alternativo de gasolina para su funcionamiento con hidrógeno como combustible. Aplicaciones energética y de automoción

    OpenAIRE

    Sáinz Casas, David

    2016-01-01

    En esta tesis doctoral se presentan los trabajos de investigación realizados recientemente en la Universidad Pública de Navarra sobre la conversión de motores de gasolina para su funcionamiento con hidrógeno, así como el desarrollo de aplicaciones demostrativas prácticas empleando estos motores. Esta línea de investigación es continuación de la producción electrolítica de hidrógeno con energía eólica [15-17]. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es la demostración práctica de la viabilidad de ...

  14. A Systematic Review: Family Support Integrated with Diabetes Self-Management among Uncontrolled Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients

    OpenAIRE

    Pamungkas, Rian Adi; Chamroonsawasdi, Kanittha; Vatanasomboon, Paranee

    2017-01-01

    The rate of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is dramatically increasing worldwide. Continuing diabetes mellitus (DM) care needs effective self-management education and support for both patients and family members. This study aimed to review and describe the impacts of diabetes mellitus self-management education (DSME) that involve family members on patient outcomes related to patient health behaviors and perceived self-efficacy on self-management such as medication adherence, blood glucose moni...

  15. Differences in psychological health and family dysfunction by sexual victimization type in a clinical sample of African American adolescent women.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cecil, Heather; Matson, Steven C

    2005-08-01

    We examined levels of sexual victimization among a sample of 249 14- to 19-year-old African American adolescent women. Victimization was common: 32.1% reported having been raped, 33.7% had experienced sexual coercion, and 10.8% reported an attempted rape. Only 23.4% had never been victimized. We investigated whether levels of psychological health and family dysfunction varied as a function of the type of sexual victimization. Girls who had been raped had lower levels of self-esteem and mastery and higher levels of depression compared to girls who reported no sexual victimization. Significantly higher levels of family cohesion and significantly lower levels of family support were reported by girls who had been raped versus girls who reported no sexual victimization. These findings are a starting point for future studies by providing evidence that levels of mental health and family dysfunction vary by the type of sexual victimization experienced.

  16. Evaluation of the association nitrogen fixing bacterias interspecific – rice lines – nitrogen, in typic haplustalf. Ibagué, Colombia Evaluación de la asociación bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno – líneas interespecíficas de arroz–nitrógeno, en Typic haplustalf. Ibagué, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bonilla Correa Carmen Rosa

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available family: Arial">The study was carried out at the Cauchitos farm, Ibague municipality department of Tolima, with bounds: North 4°23'51"; and west 75°9'7";, 979 ansm, the average temperature is 24,3°C, tropical dry forest (bs–t in the Holdridge classification. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the nitrogen fixation bacteries with and without inoculo in 10 interespecific rice lines with three nitrogen dosis (0, 50 and 100% de 250 kg/ ha–1 and three repetitions. The inoculation was realized with 108 former units of colonies per millimeter. 2.260 bacteries of the generums Azotobacter spp y Azospirrillum spp., and identification the species: Azospirillum brasilense, Azospirillum lipoferum, Azospirillum amazonense, were identified and from the genus Azotobacter were identified the species: A. choroococcum, A. vinelandii, A. paspali and A. veijerinckii. Weren't found none significative differences after the inoculation. Azotobacter spp and Azospirillum spp. were typical generums of the bacterian flora in the rice plantation and in field conditions were effect of the treatment effects in the bacterian . The Azotobacter spp was the predominant in generum in each one of the treatments.family: Arial">family: Arial">El estudio se llevó a cabo en la hacienda Cauchitos, municipio de Ibagué, departamento del Tolima (Norte 4° 23' 51"; y Oeste 75° 9' 7";, 979 msnm, 24.3°C, bosque seco tropical (bs–T, con el objetivo de evaluar las asociaciones entre bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno con inóculo y sin él en diez líneas interespecíficas de arroz, con tres dosis de nitrógeno (0%, 50% y 100% de 250 kg/ha–1 y tres repeticiones por tratamiento. La inoculación se

  17. Especies reactivas del oxígeno y balance redox, parte I: aspectos básicos y principales especies reactivas del oxígeno Oxygen reactive species and redox balance, part I: basic aspects and main oxygen reactive species

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gregorio Martínez Sánchez

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available El balance redox ha sido reconocido, de forma cada vez más creciente, como un componente crítico del proceso de envejecimiento; la iniciación y desarrollo de enfermedades de notable morbilidad y mortalidad (aterosclerosis, cáncer, enfermedades del sistema nervioso central, enfermedades autoinmunes, daño por isquemia-reperfusión, entre otras y respuestas celulares, inducidas por el estrés oxidativo. Estrechamente vinculado con el estrés oxidativo está la generación de especies reactivas de oxígeno las cuales provocan daño celular directo, además de actuar como segundos mensajeros intracelulares al modular las vías de transducción de señales. En el presente trabajo se recogen los principales antecedentes de las investigaciones relacionadas con este tema y se describen las más importantes características de las especies reactivas del oxígeno.The redox balance has been increasingly recognized as a critical component of the aging process; the onset and development of diseases causing dramatic morbidity and mortality (atherosclerosis, cancer, central nervous system diseases, autoinmune diseases, ischemia-reperfusion damage, among others and oxidative stress-induced cellular responses. Closely related to oxidative stress is the generation of oxygen reactive species, which cause direct cell damage in addition to acting as second intracellular messengers when modulating signal transduction pathways. The present paper presented the main antecedents of pieces of research related to this topic and described the most important characteristics of the oxygen reactive species.

  18. GenoBase: comprehensive resource database of Escherichia coli K-12.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Otsuka, Yuta; Muto, Ai; Takeuchi, Rikiya; Okada, Chihiro; Ishikawa, Motokazu; Nakamura, Koichiro; Yamamoto, Natsuko; Dose, Hitomi; Nakahigashi, Kenji; Tanishima, Shigeki; Suharnan, Sivasundaram; Nomura, Wataru; Nakayashiki, Toru; Aref, Walid G; Bochner, Barry R; Conway, Tyrrell; Gribskov, Michael; Kihara, Daisuke; Rudd, Kenneth E; Tohsato, Yukako; Wanner, Barry L; Mori, Hirotada

    2015-01-01

    Comprehensive experimental resources, such as ORFeome clone libraries and deletion mutant collections, are fundamental tools for elucidation of gene function. Data sets by omics analysis using these resources provide key information for functional analysis, modeling and simulation both in individual and systematic approaches. With the long-term goal of complete understanding of a cell, we have over the past decade created a variety of clone and mutant sets for functional genomics studies of Escherichia coli K-12. We have made these experimental resources freely available to the academic community worldwide. Accordingly, these resources have now been used in numerous investigations of a multitude of cell processes. Quality control is extremely important for evaluating results generated by these resources. Because the annotation has been changed since 2005, which we originally used for the construction, we have updated these genomic resources accordingly. Here, we describe GenoBase (http://ecoli.naist.jp/GB/), which contains key information about comprehensive experimental resources of E. coli K-12, their quality control and several omics data sets generated using these resources. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

  19. Dermal Ultrastructure in Low Beighton Score Members of 17 Families with Hypermobile-Type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hermanns-Lê, Trinh; Reginster, Marie-Annick; Piérard-Franchimont, Claudine; Delvenne, Philippe; Piérard, Gérald E.; Manicourt, Daniel

    2012-01-01

    The distinction between the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobile type (EDSH) and the benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) is unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare skin ultrastructural abnormalities of EDSH and BJHS among different families. Skin of 23 EDSH, 27 BJHS, and 41 asymptomatic subjects from 17 families was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Similar ultrastructural abnormalities were found irrespective of the Beighton score. Flower-like collagen fibrils represented the key change and elastic fibers were altered as well. Beighton score is a clinical parameter rating joint mobility that appeared unrelated to quantitative and qualitative collagen ultrastructural alterations in the skin. Some EDSH family members fit with BJHS diagnosis. BJHS possibly represents a mild variant of EDSH. PMID:23091361

  20. Dermal Ultrastructure in Low Beighton Score Members of 17 Families with Hypermobile-Type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Trinh Hermanns-Lê

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available The distinction between the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome hypermobile type (EDSH and the benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS is unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare skin ultrastructural abnormalities of EDSH and BJHS among different families. Skin of 23 EDSH, 27 BJHS, and 41 asymptomatic subjects from 17 families was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Similar ultrastructural abnormalities were found irrespective of the Beighton score. Flower-like collagen fibrils represented the key change and elastic fibers were altered as well. Beighton score is a clinical parameter rating joint mobility that appeared unrelated to quantitative and qualitative collagen ultrastructural alterations in the skin. Some EDSH family members fit with BJHS diagnosis. BJHS possibly represents a mild variant of EDSH.

  1. Types of Family Caregiving and Daily Experiences in Midlife and Late Adulthood: The Moderating Influences of Marital Status and Age.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wong, Jen D; Shobo, Yetunde

    2017-07-01

    Guided by the life-course perspective, this study contributes to the family caregiving, aging, and disability literature by examining the daily experiences of three types of family caregivers in midlife and late adulthood. A sample of 162 caregivers from the National Survey of Midlife in the United States study completed interviews, questionnaires, and a Daily Diary Study. Multilevel models showed the patterns of daily time use did not differ by caregiver types. Caregivers of sons/daughters with developmental disabilities (DD) experienced more daily stressors than caregivers of parents with health conditions (HC) and caregivers of spouses with HC. Unmarried caregivers of sons/daughters with DD reported spending more time on daily leisure activities and exhibited greater daily stressor exposure than other family caregivers. Age did not moderate the associations between caregiver types and daily experiences. Findings highlight the important consideration of the caregivers' characteristics to better determine the quality of their daily experiences in midlife and late adulthood.

  2. Evaluación del Cisticerco Longicollis de Taenia Crassiceps como Fuente de Antígeno para el Diagnóstico de la Neurocisticercosis.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Humberto Botero Garcés

    2004-03-01

    >

    La sensibilidad del inmunoblot se ha visto afectada por el diseño metodológico, la evolución de la enfermedad y principalmente el tipo de antígeno utilizado Para evitar estos inconvenientes, algunos grupos de investigadores han realizado un gran esfuerzo por buscar cisticercos de otras Taenias que compartan moléculas con T. solium y puedan ser utilizados como antígenos heterólogos para las pruebas inmunológicas, por lo que se ha planteado la posibilidad de emplear el cisticerco longicollis de Taenia crassiceps. Taenia crassiceps es un metacéstodo que infecta de forma natural a los zorros rojos (Vulpes vulpes, lobos (Canis lupuis y otros pequeños roedores hasta ahora reportados en Europa y Ontario (20, presenta una alta tasa de reproducción, la cual se debe a la propiedad de reproducirse asexualmente por gemación en la zona opuesta al éscolex tanto en la parte externa como en la parte interna del cisticerco, una característica que muy pocos parásitos pueden desarrollar (4.

    Cuando se realizan infecciones orales experimentales de hospederos intermediarios incluyendo al ratón, los huevos ingeridos se desarrollan como metacéstodos en la fascia, el tejido muscular, el tejido peritoneal, el riñón, el pericardio, etc, mientras que cuando se realizan infecciones por inoculación intraperitoneal, los cisticercos se quedan confinados en la cavidad abdominal (4.

    Algunos estudios comparativos entre cisiticerco longicollis y cisticerco cellulosae han demostrado que los antígenos de T. crassiceps pueden ser tan sensibles y específicos como los de T. solium (1,9-12. García y colaboradores sugieren que el antígeno obtenido de T. solium puede ser sustituido por el antígeno obtenido de T. crassiceps pues además de reaccionar cruzadamente con los péptidos de c. cellulosae en las pruebas inmunológicas y de obtenerse una muy buena reproducibilidad, ofrece varias ventajas por cuanto puede ser fácilmente mantenido en animales de laboratorio, lo que representa la

  3. Disruptores endocrinos. El caso particular de los xenobióticos estrogénicos. II Estrógenos sintéticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    N. Olea Serrano

    2001-11-01

    Full Text Available En los últimos años se ha puesto en evidencia que muchas sustancias químicas de origen antropogénico son capaces de alterar el sistema endocrino de los seres vivos y se ha acuñado el nombre de disruptores endocrinos para definirlas. El número de disruptores endocrinos es una preocupación creciente si se añade a la inclusión de nuevos compuestos químicos, hasta ahora insospechados, la información generada sobre sus precursores, metabolitos y productos de degradación que tan solo ahora empiezan a conocerse. No se ha podido definir una estructura química única que permita clasificar a un compuesto químico como mimetizador de las hormonas sexuales femeninas, de tal manera que estructuras químicas similares a los estrógenos naturales, basados en el ciclopentanoperhidrofenantreno, comparten con los estilbenos, bisfenoles, bifenilos, alquilfenoles, dioxinas, furanos y parabenes su efecto hormonal estrogénico. El reconocimiento de la actividad estrogénica en diferentes modelos biológicos se ha utilizado para actualizar el censo de xenoestrógenos y poner de manifiesto fuentes de exposición humana hasta el momento insospechadas.

  4. Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling for Waardenburg syndrome type I and II in Chinese families

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Li; Qin, Litao; Li, Tao; Liu, Hongjian; Ma, Lingcao; Li, Wan; Wu, Dong; Wang, Hongdan; Guo, Qiannan; Guo, Liangjie; Liao, Shixiu

    2018-01-01

    Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an auditory-pigmentary disorder with varying combinations of sensorineural hearing loss and abnormal pigmentation. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying molecular pathology and provide a method of prenatal diagnosis of WS in Chinese families. A total of 11 patients with WS from five unrelated Chinese families were enrolled. A thorough clinical examination was performed on all participants. Furthermore, patients with WS underwent screening for mutations in the following genes: Paired box 3 (PAX3), melanogenesis associated transcription factor (MITF), SRY-box 10, snail family transcriptional repressor 2 and endothelin receptor type B using polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization was used for specific patients whose sequence results were normal. Following identification of the genotype of the probands and their parents, prenatal genetic diagnosis was performed for family 01 and 05. According to the diagnostic criteria for WS, five cases were diagnosed as WS1, while the other six cases were WS2. Genetic analysis revealed three mutations, including a nonsense mutation PAX3 c.583C>T in family 01, a splice-site mutation MITF c.909G>A in family 03 and an in-frame deletion MITF c.649_651delGAA in family 05. To the best of the authors' knowledge the mutations (c.583C>T in PAX3 and c.909G>A in MITF) were reported for the first time in Chinese people. Mutations in the gene of interest were not identified in family 02 and 04. The prenatal genetic testing of the two fetuses was carried out and demonstrated that the two babies were normal. The results of the present study expanded the range of known genetic mutations in China. Identification of genetic mutations in these families provided an efficient way to understand the causes of WS and improved genetic counseling. PMID:29115496

  5. Familial disseminated plaque type porokeratosis with multiple horns and squamous cell carcinoma involving anal skin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sarma Nilendu

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Porokeratosis is a disorder of keratinization showing a well-defined lesion with a hyperkeratotic ridge on the border that contains the coronoid lamella. We report familial (autosomal dominant with reduced penetrance disseminated plaque type (Mibelli′s type porokeratosis in a father and son. In the father, there were multiple horns and a large squamous cell carcinoma in a large lesion over the perianal region that reached up to the squamo-columnar junction of the anal mucosa and even invaded the anal sphincteric muscles. Disseminated lesions of the Mibelli′s type, development of horns, and malignancy in this unusual location have not been previously reported.

  6. Familial gigantism

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    W.W. de Herder (Wouter)

    2012-01-01

    textabstractFamilial GH-secreting tumors are seen in association with three separate hereditary clinical syndromes: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Carney complex, and familial isolated pituitary adenomas.

  7. Tissue-type plasminogen activator-binding RNA aptamers inhibiting low-density lipoprotein receptor family-mediated internalisation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bjerregaard, Nils; Bøtkjær, Kenneth A; Helsen, Nicky; Andreasen, Peter A; Dupont, Daniel M

    2015-07-01

    Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA, trade name Alteplase), currently the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of cerebral ischaemic stroke, has been implicated in a number of adverse effects reportedly mediated by interactions with the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) family receptors, including neuronal cell death and an increased risk of cerebral haemorrhage. The tissue-type plasminogen activator is the principal initiator of thrombolysis in human physiology, an effect that is mediated directly via localised activation of the plasmin zymogen plasminogen at the surface of fibrin clots in the vascular lumen. Here, we sought to identify a ligand to tPA capable of inhibiting the relevant LDL family receptors without interfering with the fibrinolytic activity of tPA. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) was employed to isolate tPA-binding RNA aptamers, which were characterised in biochemical assays of tPA association to low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1, an LDL receptor family member); tPA-mediated in vitro and ex vivo clot lysis; and tPA-mediated plasminogen activation in the absence and presence of a stimulating soluble fibrin fragment. Two aptamers, K18 and K32, had minimal effects on clot lysis, but were able to efficiently inhibit tPA-LRP-1 association and LDL receptor family-mediated endocytosis in human vascular endothelial cells and astrocytes. These observations suggest that coadministration alongside tPA may be a viable strategy to improve the safety of thrombolytic treatment of cerebral ischaemic stroke by restricting tPA activity to the vascular lumen.

  8. A PAX3 polymorphism (T315K) in a family exhibiting Waardenburg Syndrome type 2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, C; Kim, E; Attaie, A; Smith, T N; Wilcox, E R; Lalwani, A K

    1998-02-01

    Waardenburg Syndrome (WS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder phenotypically characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary disturbances. Presence of dystopia canthorum is indicative of WS type 1 and results from defects in the PAX3 gene, whereas normally located medial canthi is characteristic of type 2 WS (WS2) and is associated with defects in the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MIFT) gene. Here a neutral polymorphism is reported in the PAX3 gene (T315K) in a family with WS2. Copyright 1998 Academic Press Limited

  9. Síntese de colágeno após a implantação de telas de polipropileno em parede abdominal de ratos jovens e velhos Collagen synthesis after the implantation of polypropylene nets in the abdominal wall of young and old rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maria de Lourdes Pessole Biondo-Simões

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Alguns autores afirmam que a síntese do colágeno em indivíduos idosos é mais lenta, outros que há diminuição da síntese de colágeno I e III e outros que é normal. O objetivo deste estudo foi reconhecer a deposição de colágeno através dos poros de tela de polipropileno, implantada em parede abdominal de ratos adultos jovens e comparar à de ratos velhos. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 10 ratos machos com idade entre 100 e 120 dias e 10 ratos com idade entre 850 e 900 dias. Sob anestesia inalatória fez-se uma incisão mediana na parede abdominal ventral e produziu-se uma falha com 4 cm², retirando-se o plano músculo-aponevrótico, mantendo-se o plano peritoneal. Corrigiu-se a falha com malha de polipropileno fixada com pontos separados de fio 5.0, também de polipropileno e fez-se a síntese da pele. Após 30 dias fez-se a eutanásia e retirou-se a parede abdominal ventral com a prótese. Dividiu-se o retalho com o enxerto em 2 partes, uma ensaio de tração e a outra para estudo histopatológico. Coraram-se os cortes obtidos pela hematoxilina e eosina e Sirius-red. Estes foram examinados em microscópio de luz polarizada através do programa Image Plus. RESULTADOS: O ensaio de tração não demonstrou diferença significante de resistência entre os dois grupos. Reação inflamatória agudo-crônica, com grande quantidade de células gigantes de corpo estranho, esteve presente nos dois grupos com intensidade semelhante, o mesmo acontecendo com a concentração total de colágeno (p=0,1440 e de colágeno tipo I (p=0,3981. Já a concentração de colágeno tipo III era maior nos cortes dos animais velhos (p=0,0364. CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados permitem concluir que o envelhecimento não prejudica o ganho de resistência e a deposição de colágeno, porém existe atraso da maturação tecidual.PURPOSE: Some investigators have stated that collagen synthesis is slower in elderly individuals, others have reported a reduction of

  10. Comparación del blanqueamiento dental con peróxido de hidrógeno al 25% en consultorio, utilizando o no activación con lámpara de luz halógena

    OpenAIRE

    Posso Moreno, Sandra Lorena; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Ramírez Ramírez, Diana Ximena; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Rosas Jaimes, Jimena Alexandra; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; Güiza Cristancho, Edgar Humberto; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana

    2010-01-01

    Antecedentes: el blanqueamiento dental es actualmente uno de los tratamientos más solicitados para mejorar la estética dental. Las técnicas para efectuarlo utilizan agentes blanqueadores como el peróxido de carbamida, el perborato de sodio y el peróxido de hidrógeno. Investigadores y clínicos buscan usualmente saber cuáles de las técnicas que hoy son empleadas producen los mejores efectos. Propósito: determinar si el uso de luz halógena para el blanqueamiento dental con peróxido de hidrógeno ...

  11. Type 2 diabetes family histories, body composition and fasting glucose levels: a cross-section analysis in healthy sedentary male and female.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bianco, Antonino; Pomara, Francesco; Thomas, Ewan; Paoli, Antonio; Battaglia, Giuseppe; Petrucci, Marco; Proia, Patrizia; Bellafiore, Marianna; Palma, Antonio

    2013-01-01

    Diabetes type 2 is a world wide spread disease with a multifactorial pathogenetic evolution. Various factors like obesity, physical inactivity and poor lifestyle habits contribute to its development. The aim of this study was to verify if in young healthy sedentary male and female there is positive correlation between family history to type 2 diabetes and an increase in body weight and fat mass, or alterations in basal glycemia values. Totally183 male and 237 female healthy sedentary subjects were analysed in 2012, in Italy. They were divided in three groups: FH(+) with first degree family history, FH(++) with second degree family history and FH(-) with no family history. Anthropometrics, body composition and blood parameters were assessed. Male had the highest BMI values (Plife-style changes, such as increased physical activity and controlled quantity and quality of food intake.

  12. Associations between Familial Factor, Trait Conscientiousness, Gender and the Occurrence of Type 2 Diabetes in Adulthood: Evidence from a British Cohort.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helen Cheng

    Full Text Available To investigate social, familial, and psychological factors in influencing the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in adulthood.Some 17,415 babies born in Great Britain in 1958 and followed up at 7, 11, 33, and 50 years of age. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes at age 50 years was the outcome measure.Some 5,032 participants with data on parental social class, childhood cognitive ability tests scores at age 11 years, educational qualifications at age 33 years, personality traits, occupational levels, and type 2 diabetes (all measured at age 50 years were included in the study. Available information also included whether cohort members' parents or siblings had diabetes. Using logistic regression analyses, results showed that sex (OR=0.63: 0.42-0.92, p<.05, family history (OR=3.40: 1.76-6.55, p<.01, and trait conscientiousness (OR=0.76: 0.64-0.90, p<.001 were all significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. It appears that the occurrence of type 2 diabetes is greater among men than women (4.3% vs 2.5%.Familial (genetic and non-genetic and psychological factors are significantly associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adulthood.

  13. Redes de innovación socio productivas en el desarrollo endógeno: caso Las Peonías

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Belinda Colina

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available Los objetivos del trabajo son determinar condiciones favorables para la conformación de redes de innovación socio productivas (RISP, así como proponer la creación de estas en la comunidad de las Peonías, de la parroquia Idelfonso Vázquez, municipio Maracaibo del Estado Zulia. La metodología fue cualitativa, exploratoria, descriptiva y documental; basada en un estudio de caso, asimismo es un estudio propositivo. Se revisaron documentos sobre la citada comunidad, se visitaron organismos oficiales y se efectuó investigación de campo (entrevistas a líderes comunitarios, habitantes de la zona y a representantes de algunos organismos. El resultado es que el capital social en las Peonías se encuentra en un estado embrionario de conformación. Las conclusiones son: 1 que la constitución de RISP en las Peonías, en elmarco del desarrollo endógeno deben estar sustentadas en redes de proximidad en primera instancia, y en segundo lugar en redes de larga distancia. 2 que es preciso fortalecer las capacidades existentes y crear nuevas capacidades en esta comunidad. Todo ello con la finalidad de impulsar el desarrollo endógeno para el bienestar y la autonomía de este grupo social, el cual constituye un reservorio natural, poblacional, económico y cultural desaprovechado y de amplias posibilidades locales, regionales y nacionales.

  14. Glicosilación intestinal y su relación con la interacción hospedero-patógeno.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gregory Ramón Valdés Paneca

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó el efecto bloqueador de diferentes lectinas vegetales en la adhesión de E. coli enterotoxigénicas que expresan fimbrias F4. Se realizaron dos experimentos. Primero – las vellosidades fueron incubadas con lectinas de Glycine max, Ulex europaeus, Lens culinaris y Arachis hypogaea a diferentes concentraciones y después fueron incubadas con las cepa de E. coli GIS26 (F4ac. Segundo – veinte y seis lectinas vegetales biotiniladas se enfrentaron a las vellosidades bajo 3 métodos de fijación diferentes. La unión se verificó mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia. Para el primer caso hubo bloqueo total de la adhesión de la E. coli GIS26 al borde en cepillo por parte de las lectinas; para el segundo caso se mostró que existe una adhesión moderada y fuerte a las células epiteliales intestinales en el 69,2% (18/26 de las lectinas. Al mismo tiempo se probaron la adhesión de lectinas biotiniladas a diferentes regiones del intestino delgado y la unión de los antígenos fimbriales F4ab, F4ac y F4ad al borde en cepillo. Se encontraron variaciones en el perfil de unión de las lectinas a lo largo de las diferentes regiones del intestino delgado y no homogeneidad en la adhesión de los antígenos fimbriales.

  15. Familial gigantism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wouter W. de Herder

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Familial GH-secreting tumors are seen in association with three separate hereditary clinical syndromes: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Carney complex, and familial isolated pituitary adenomas.

  16. Identification of a SIRT1 mutation in a family with type 1 diabetes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Biason-Lauber, Anna; Böni-Schnetzler, Marianne; Hubbard, Basil P

    2013-01-01

    Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction leading to insulin deficiency. The histone deacetylase SIRT1 plays an essential role in modulating several age-related diseases. Here we describe a family carrying a mutation in the SIRT1 gene, in which all five affected members...... developed an autoimmune disorder: four developed type 1 diabetes, and one developed ulcerative colitis. Initially, a 26-year-old man was diagnosed with the typical features of type 1 diabetes, including lean body mass, autoantibodies, T cell reactivity to β cell antigens, and a rapid dependence on insulin....... Direct and exome sequencing identified the presence of a T-to-C exchange in exon 1 of SIRT1, corresponding to a leucine-to-proline mutation at residue 107. Expression of SIRT1-L107P in insulin-producing cells resulted in overproduction of nitric oxide, cytokines, and chemokines. These observations...

  17. NÚCLEO DE DESARROLLO ENDÓGENO SOCIALISTA Y FINCA INTEGRAL: CONSTRUYENDO LA SOBERANÍA ALIMENTARIA EN VENEZUELA

    OpenAIRE

    Silva, Silvia; Escalona, Miguel

    2013-01-01

    El objetivo de esta investigación fue sistematizar dos experiencias de producción agropecuaria con prácticas agroecológicas buscando identificar su contribución a la soberanía alimentaria en Venezuela: Núcleo de Desarrollo Endógeno Socialista La Limonera (NUDES), en Caracas y Finca integral Rivera-Parra, en el estado Mérida. La sistematización cuantitativa se hizo mediante la aplicación de una metodología híbrida de MESMIS (Masera et al. 2000) y Sarandón y otros (2006) probada por Silva y Pér...

  18. MICROBIOLOGÍA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN CONTROLADA DE SULFURO DE HIDRÓGENO. UNA EXPERIENCIA DE TRABAJO EN EL LABORATORIO DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.P. López Pérez

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Esta comunicación muestra las directrices para lograr el éxito en la producción microbiológica de sulfuro de hidrógeno (a microescala, como experiencia en el laboratorio de educación secundaria obligatoria, el estudio de su metabolismo y las repercusiones en la depuración de aguas residuales.

  19. Quiste odontógeno: Presentación de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gladys Pérez López

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta un paciente de 18 años de edad, remitido al Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico "Comandante Manuel Fajardo", con el cuadro clínico de sinusitis recurrente y opacidad homogénea de seno maxilar izquierdo . La radiografia convencional de senos perinasales es considerada un medio diagnóstico muy importante al nivel de la atención primaria de salud, aunque también se considera necesario el ortopantograma para el diagnóstico diferencial (dientes supernumerarios, quistes dentígenos, molares retenidos. La técnica de Caldwell-Luc mejora la visibilidad y accesibilidad de las lesions, contribuye al diagnóstico, al alivio del paciente y está exenta de complicaciones.A case of 18-years old male patient with recurrent maxillary sinusitis and radiographic study with opacity in left maxillay sinus was reported. He was admitted at the Otorhinolaringology Department of "Comandante Manuel Fajardo" university clinical and surgical hospital. Conventional radiographic examination of perinasal sinus is considered a very important tool in primary health care; but also orthopantogram is required to exclude diverse diagnosis (supernumerary teeth, dentigenous cyst, and embedded tooth. The Caldwell-Luc approach improves visibility of and accesibility to lesions, contributes to make diagnosis and relieves the patient's condition without further complications. The most relevant quotations found in research works about the topic were selected.

  20. Usher syndrome type III (USH3) linked to chromosome 3q in an Italian family.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gasparini, P; De Fazio, A; Croce, A I; Stanziale, P; Zelante, L

    1998-08-01

    We report an Italian family affected by Usher type III syndrome. Linkage study, performed using markers corresponding to the Usher loci already mapped, clearly showed linkage with markers on chromosome 3q24-25. Our data further support the presence of an Usher III locus on chromosome 3, as recently reported in a Finnish population.

  1. Usher syndrome type III (USH3) linked to chromosome 3q in an Italian family.

    OpenAIRE

    Gasparini, P; De Fazio, A; Croce, A I; Stanziale, P; Zelante, L

    1998-01-01

    We report an Italian family affected by Usher type III syndrome. Linkage study, performed using markers corresponding to the Usher loci already mapped, clearly showed linkage with markers on chromosome 3q24-25. Our data further support the presence of an Usher III locus on chromosome 3, as recently reported in a Finnish population.

  2. EIF4A2 is a positional candidate gene at the 3q27 locus linked to type 2 diabetes in French families

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Cheyssac, Claire; Dina, Christian; Leprêtre, Frédéric

    2006-01-01

    .01 at D3S3686, P = 0.0001) was identified in a set of French families. To assess genetic variation underlying both age-of-onset QTL and our previous type 2 diabetes linkage in a 3.87-Mb interval, we explored 36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two biologically relevant candidate genes for glucose...... homeostasis, kininogen (KNG1), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4alpha2 (EIF4A2). Analysis of 148 families showed significant association of a frequent SNP, rs266714, located 2.47 kb upstream of EIF4A2, with familial type 2 diabetes (family-based association test, P = 0.0008) and early age......RNA translation and protein synthesis rate in pancreatic beta-cells, and our data indicates that EIF4A2 is downregulated by high glucose in rat beta-INS832/13 cells. The potential role of EIF4A2 in glucose homeostasis and its putative contribution to type 2 diabetes in the presence of metabolic stress...

  3. Multi-time Lagrangian 1-forms for families of Bäcklund transformations. Relativistic Toda-type systems

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boll, Raphael; Petrera, Matteo; Suris, Yuri B

    2015-01-01

    We establish the pluri-Lagrangian structure for families of Bäcklund transformations of relativistic Toda-type systems. The key idea is a novel embedding of these discrete-time (one-dimensional) systems into certain two-dimensional (2D) pluri-Lagrangian lattice systems. This embedding allows us to identify the corner equations (which are the main building blocks of the multi-time Euler–Lagrange equations) with local superposition formulae for Bäcklund transformations. These superposition formulae, in turn, are key ingredients necessary to understand and to prove commutativity of the multi-valued Bäcklund transformations. Furthermore, we discover a 2D generalization of the spectrality property known for families of Bäcklund transformations. This result produces a family of local conservations laws for 2D pluri-Lagrangian lattice systems, with densities being derivatives of the discrete 2-form with respect to the Bäcklund (spectral) parameter. Thus, a relation of the pluri-Lagrangian structure with more traditional integrability notions is established. (paper)

  4. Current Practice in Meeting Child Health Needs in Family Support Services: Variation by Service Type and Perspectives on Future Developments

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gabhainn, Saoirse Nic; Dolan, Pat; Canavan, John; O'Higgins, Siobhan

    2009-01-01

    The needs of all service users include those related to physical, emotional, sexual and mental health. This article documents where child health needs are recognised and being met within family support services in the west of Ireland, investigates whether there is variation across different types of family support services and presents the views…

  5. Movilidad de oxígeno en conductores iónicos A2Ti2-yZryO7 (A: Y, Gd

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    León, C.

    2004-08-01

    Full Text Available We report a study of ionic conductivity in the series Y2Ti2-yZryO7 and Gd2Ti2-yZryO7 (0≤y≤2 obtained by mechanochemical synthesis. We present a study of oxygen ion dynamics in these materials by Impedance Spectroscopy. The change in dc conductivity and activation energy with Zr content is interpreted in terms of the increase in the number of oxygen vacancies and of structural disorder when increasing Zr content.Presentamos un estudio de la conductividad iónica en las series Y2Ti2-yZryO7 y Gd2Ti2-yZryO7 (0≤y≤2 obtenidas por síntesis mecanoquímica. Se presenta un estudio de la dinámica de iones oxígeno en estos materiales mediante la técnica de Espectroscopia de Admitancias. La variación con el contenido en Zr de la conductividad dc y de su energía de activación se interpreta en términos del aumento tanto del número de vacantes de oxígeno como del desorden en la estructura al aumentar el contenido en Zr.

  6. Remediación in situ de agua contaminada con diesel por oxidación con peróxido de hdrógeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cardona Gallo Santiago Alonso

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available Las grandes cantidades de hidrocarburos que se manejan en el mundo y en México, generan derrames de crudo y sus derivados, deteriorando en gran medida el medioambiente y especialmente las fuentes de suministro de agua subterránea. En México, el 27% del agua potable proviene de los acuíferos. Lo anterior permite plantear la necesidad de desarrollar sistemas de tratamiento viables que pueden reducir la contaminación rápida y económicamente de los acuíferos. Este trabajo presenta la oxidación del diesel combustible en solución con un agente oxidante, peróxido de hidrógeno; grado industrial al 50%. Se utilizó el H2O2, porque es un agente oxidante fuerte muy conocido, de fácil manejo, de bajo costo y una solubilidad mayor en el agua que el oxígeno molecular. Se tuvo una concentración inicial de diesel en solución de 45.000 mg/L, bajo agitación horizontal continua en un sistema en serie durante 114 horas. Las muestras fueron tomadas periódicamente. Al final de las 114 horas, la concentraci��n del hidrocarburo descendió hasta 24.000 mg/L, obteniendo una velocidad de la reacción de 0,0047 h-1 (0,1128 d-1. El estudio fue llevado a cabo sin catalizador. El efluente presentó un intervalo de pH entre 6,5 y 7,5. Con los resultados previos fueron diseñadas las columnas y operadas intermitentemente, y se comparó con columnas sin adición de peróxido de hidrógeno. La eficiencia del sistema y el bajo costo pueden ser aplicados en diferentes sistemas para el tratamiento de diesel en barreras reactivas permeables, zonas reactivas o aguas subterráneas.

  7. Mecanismos de procesamiento y presentación de antígeno en el sistema inmune

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jean Paul Vernot

    1990-12-01

    Full Text Available El sistema inmune muestra una gran versatilidad para reconocer y responder a una gran cantidad de macromoléculas extrañas o antígenos (Ag, eliminándolos y evitando a la vez reaccionar con constituyentes propios (1. Esto se realiza por la colaboración de linfocitos B (LB y de linfocitos T (LT que expresan un conjunto diferente de receptores. Aunque el receptor del LB (Inmunoglobulina y el del LT (TCR son similares en algunos aspectos y son codificados por secuencias de la misma familia de genes (2, difieren en la manera como reconocen el Ag. Mientras los LB reaccionan con el Ag en forma nativa, los LT son incapaces de discriminar entre la forma nativa y la denaturada (3.

  8. Compatibilidad de Trichoderma harzianum Rifai con fungicidas del arroz y su efecto sobre tres fitopatógenos fúngicos

    OpenAIRE

    Manuel Francisco Rodríguez Saldaña; Pausides Milanés Virelles; Ernesto Juniors Pérez Torres; Yurisandra Sierra Reyes

    2016-01-01

    Resumen La investigación se realizó en el Laboratorio Provincial de Sanidad Vegetal en Camagüey, en la etapa comprendida de septiembre de 2013 a septiembre de 2015, en condiciones in vitro donde se determinó la compatibilidad y capacidad antagónica frente a pesticidas usados en el arroz, de Trichoderma harzianum Rifai cepa A-34 sobre los patógenos del arroz (Bipolaris oryzae Breda de Haan, Saracladium oryzae (Sawada) w. Gams & D.Hawksworth y Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr). Las ev...

  9. 45 CFR 286.55 - What types of costs are subject to the administrative cost limit on Tribal Family Assistance...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false What types of costs are subject to the... § 286.55 What types of costs are subject to the administrative cost limit on Tribal Family Assistance... tracking, data entry and monitoring, including personnel and other costs associated with the automation...

  10. Family types and intimate-partner violence: A historical perspective

    OpenAIRE

    Ana Tur-Prats

    2015-01-01

    This paper examines the historical origins of violence against women, in contrast to earlier literature, which focused only on short-term determinants. It analyses the relationship between traditional family patterns (stem versus nuclear) and intimate-partner violence (IPV). Stem families are those in which one child stays in the parental household with spouse and children, so that at least two generations live together. I model the behavior of a traditional peasant family and show how coresi...

  11. Antígenos asociados a tumores y su potencial uso en el tratamiento del cáncer

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz Adriana Sarmiento-Rubiano

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available De acuerdo con cifras de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS en su reporte mundial de cáncer 2008, la incidencia de esta enfermedad se duplicó en las últimas tres décadas del siglo XX, y a pesar de los importantes esfuerzos de la ciencia por combatir este flagelo y de la creación de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas, se calcula que para 2050 la mitad de la población estará en riesgo de desarrollar algún tipo de cáncer. El rápido desarrollo de la tecnología en las últimas décadas ha permitido dilucidar algunos de los mecanismos moleculares y de las interacciones de la célula tumoral con el sistema inmunológico, que conllevan finalmente al desarrollo o eliminación del tumor y en los que la estructura antigénica de este juega un papel fundamental. El descubrimiento de una gran variedad de antígenos asociados a tumores ha permitido el desarrollo de inmunoterapias que mediante el uso de anticuerpos monoclonales o de vacunas para inmunización activa se han convertido en una nueva estrategia con interesantes y alentadoras perspectivas en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. En este artículo se describen las características básicas de algunos de estos antígenos, su influencia en el desarrollo tumoral y su actual aplicación en inmunoterapias, con el fin de generar en el lector interés y expectativas acerca de este promisorio futuro terapéutico contra el cáncer.

  12. HLA non-class II genes may confer type I diabetes susceptibility in a Mapuche (Amerindian) affected family.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pérez-Bravo, Francisco; Martinez-Laso, Jorge; Martin-Villa, Jose M; Moscoso, Juan; Moreno, Almudena; Serrano-Vela, Juan I; Zamora, Jorge; Asenjo, Silvia; Gleisner, Andrea; Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio

    2006-01-01

    A rare case of type I diabetes is studied in an Amerindian (Mapuche) family from Chile, analyzing glutamic acid decarboxylase, islet-cell autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. The affected sib is the only one that has one specific HLA haplotype combination that differs from the other sibs only in the HLA class I genes. It is concluded that HLA diabetes susceptibility factors may be placed outside the class II region or even that susceptibility factors do not exist in the HLA region in this Amerindian family.

  13. Distribuciones simuladas de valores de d13c de colágeno humano: implicancias para los estudios paleodietarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barrientos, Gustavo

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los primeros resultados derivados de la aplicación de un programa de simulación de distribuciones de valores de δ13C de colágeno humano (DeltaCarb130.0, desarrollado por los autores. DeltaCarb130.0 es un programa simple que simula la composición isotópica (δ13C del colágeno de huesos humanos obtenida a través de una dieta de composición variable, constituida por tres ingestas diarias, durante un período de 1825 días (5 años. La composición de la dieta y los valores de δ13C de cada recurso dietario (vegetales C3 y C4, carne de herbívoros consumidores de C3 y C4, de mamíferos marinos, de peces y moluscos se obtienen, en cada etapa de la simulación, a través de un proceso aleatorio a partir de datos de abundancia relativa y rangos de valores de δ13C de cada tipo de recurso. Se analizarán estadísticamente las distribuciones de valores de δ13C obtenidas a partir de n corridas del programa para cada combinación dietaria, con la finalidad de obtener medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión asociadas a cada tipo de dieta y calcular la probabilidad de obtener valores "outliers", un rasgo frecuente en el estudio de casos arqueológicos.

  14. Parenting Practices and Child Adjustment in Different Types of Households: A Study of African American Families

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simons, Leslie Gordon; Chen, Yi-Fu; Simons, Ronald L.; Brody, Gene; Cutrona, Carolyn

    2006-01-01

    This article uses a sample of 867 African American households to investigate differences in parenting practices and child outcomes by type of household. Results indicate that mothers provide similar levels of parenting regardless of family structure. Secondary caregivers, however, show a great deal of variation in quality of parenting. Fathers and…

  15. Efficacy of family mediation and the role of family violence: study protocol

    Science.gov (United States)

    2014-01-01

    Background Family law reforms in Australia require separated parents in dispute to attempt mandatory family dispute resolution (FDR) in community-based family services before court attendance. However, there are concerns about such services when clients present with a history of high conflict and family violence. This study protocol describes a longitudinal study of couples presenting for family mediation services. The study aims to describe the profile of family mediation clients, including type of family violence, and determine the impact of violence profiles on FDR processes and outcomes, such as the type and durability of shared parenting arrangements and clients’ satisfaction with mediated agreements. Methods A mixed method, naturalistic longitudinal design is used. The sampling frame is clients presenting at nine family mediation centres across metropolitan, outer suburban, and regional/rural sites in Victoria, Australia. Data are collected at pre-test, completion of mediation, and six months later. Self-administered surveys are administered at the three time points, and a telephone interview at the final post-test. The key study variable is family violence. Key outcome measures are changes in the type and level of acrimony and violent behaviours, the relationship between violence and mediated agreements, the durability of agreements over six months, and client satisfaction with mediation. Discussion Family violence is a major risk to the physical and mental health of women and children. This study will inform debates about the role of family violence and how to manage it in the family mediation context. It will also inform decision-making about mediation practices by better understanding how mediation impacts on parenting agreements, and the implications for children, especially in the context of family violence. PMID:24443936

  16. Efficacy of family mediation and the role of family violence: study protocol.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cleak, Helen; Schofield, Margot; Bickerdike, Andrew

    2014-01-21

    Family law reforms in Australia require separated parents in dispute to attempt mandatory family dispute resolution (FDR) in community-based family services before court attendance. However, there are concerns about such services when clients present with a history of high conflict and family violence. This study protocol describes a longitudinal study of couples presenting for family mediation services. The study aims to describe the profile of family mediation clients, including type of family violence, and determine the impact of violence profiles on FDR processes and outcomes, such as the type and durability of shared parenting arrangements and clients' satisfaction with mediated agreements. A mixed method, naturalistic longitudinal design is used. The sampling frame is clients presenting at nine family mediation centres across metropolitan, outer suburban, and regional/rural sites in Victoria, Australia. Data are collected at pre-test, completion of mediation, and six months later. Self-administered surveys are administered at the three time points, and a telephone interview at the final post-test. The key study variable is family violence. Key outcome measures are changes in the type and level of acrimony and violent behaviours, the relationship between violence and mediated agreements, the durability of agreements over six months, and client satisfaction with mediation. Family violence is a major risk to the physical and mental health of women and children. This study will inform debates about the role of family violence and how to manage it in the family mediation context. It will also inform decision-making about mediation practices by better understanding how mediation impacts on parenting agreements, and the implications for children, especially in the context of family violence.

  17. SELF - EFFICACY, PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS, FAMILY SUPPORT, AND EATING BEHAVIOR ON TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kusuma Wijaya Ridi Putra

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM is one of the leading causes of death and it is caused by genetics, nutrition, and unhealthy behaviors. Therefore, changes in lifestyle associated with eating behaviors in diabetes mellitus patients greatly impact on their quality of life. There are many factors related with changes in lifestyle of diabetes mellitus patients, especially eating behaviors. Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationships between self-efficacy, psychological stress, family support, and eating behaviors among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM patients in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Method: A total of 117 T2DM patients from the Sidoarjo Community Health Center were included in the analysis. Using SPSS IBM 21.0 program, Pearson product moment correlation was performed to analyze data. Results: The findings showed that self-efficacy and family support had positive relationship with eating behaviors (r = .692, p < .001; r = .683, p < .001, respectively. Psychological stress had negative relationship with eating behaviors (r = -.327, p < .001. Conclusion: Self-efficacy, family support, and psychological stress had relationship with eating behaviors. Nurses should pay attention to the factors to make T2DM patients into a long-term commitment toward healthy eating behaviors.

  18. Self-Esteem of Rural Teens: Results for Three Family Types.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hall, Anita M.; Rowe, George P.

    1991-01-01

    A total of 108 (of 200) adolescents completed the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and family characteristics questionnaire. Results showed that it is not the structure of the family but the degree of discord within the family that influences self-esteem. (Author/JOW)

  19. Estrés oxidativo en la diabetes mellitus papel de la vitamina E y antioxidantes endógenos

    OpenAIRE

    Montier Iglesias, Ariel; Ramos Arencibia, Arle Luís; Gómez García, Marcia Leticia; Pérez Cardoso, Javier Joaquín; Quintana Pérez, Quinley

    2015-01-01

    Introducción: la diabetes mellitus es una entidad clínica resultado de la secreción deficiente de insulina que puede ser absoluta o relativa. El marcador bioquímico de la entidad es la hiperglucemia y es la causa de los síntomas característicos de su mal control. La hiperglucemia produce neuropatías, nefropatías, microangiopatía y macroangiopatía. Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la vitamina E y antioxidantes endógenos en el estrés oxidativo por hiperglucemia crónica en el curso de la...

  20. Resposta imune induzida por antígenos de Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae avaliados como vacina de DNA ou subunidade recombinante.

    OpenAIRE

    Galli, Vanessa

    2011-01-01

    Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae é o agente etiológico da Pneumonia Enzoótica Suína (PES), uma das doenças respiratórias de maior incidência na criação de suínos no mundo. As vacinas disponíveis comercialmente consistem de células inteiras inativadas (bacterina), as quais proporcionam apenas uma proteção parcial e não previnem a colonização pelo microrganismo. Neste contexto, faz-se necessária a busca de novas alternativas para a profilaxia da PES. Alguns antígenos vêm sendo testado...

  1. Effects of gender, age, family support, and treatment on perceived stress and coping of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hara, Yoriko; Hisatomi, Mizuho; Ito, Hisao; Nakao, Motoyuki; Tsuboi, Koji; Ishihara, Yoko

    2014-01-01

    We previously found that the empowerment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can be strongly affected by gender and age in addition to self-managed diet and exercise behaviors and treatment. This study was to examine the effects of gender, age, family support, and treatment on the perceived stress and coping of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus living with family. A survey was conducted of 140 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were living with family. There was no significant difference in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between male and female. Perceived stress and coping were measured with the Japanese version of the Appraisal of Diabetes Scale and the Lazarus Type Stress Coping Inventory. Stepwise regression analysis and path analysis were performed to identify factors that affect the perceived stress and coping of patients. (1) Perceived stress and coping were strongly affected by gender. (2) Perceived stress and coping were affected by age for males, but perceived stress was not affected by age for females. However, females showed a greater "psychological impact of diabetes" than did males. Females aged between 50 and 69 years engaged in active problem solving, but awareness of diabetes was low. (3) Treatment regimens had an effect on HbA1c for both sexes, and diet therapy affected the awareness of diabetes of males and coping of females. (4) For females, "sense of self-control" was strongly associated with coping, and those who were living with non-spouse family members had a greater psychological impact of diabetes than those living with only their spouse. (5) For males, coping was strongly affected by living with their spouse. The results suggest that perceived stress, coping, and diet regimen are deeply associated with gender and age and that a male with type 2 diabetes mellitus living with his spouse is strongly dependent on support from the spouse. It is important to take into account gender, age, and family environment to provide patients with

  2. Clasificación de fallas con redes neuronales para grupos electrógenos : Faults classification with neuronal networks for electrogen groups

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Corrales Barrios

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Con el incremento del grado de dependencia de la sociedad moderna de los sistemas y procesos tecnológicos complejos, su disponibilidad y correcto funcionamiento se han convertido en una cuestión estratégica, donde las tareas de diagnóstico y clasificación de fallos juegan un rol muy importante con el fin de garantizar y mantener en operación continúa y confiable al proceso, los fallos pueden provocar desde una reducción del desempeño hasta un daño que provoque paradas en la producción. La generación distribuida de energía eléctrica a través de los grupos electrógenos instalados, no está ajena a sufrir fallas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el desarrollar un sistema para el diagnóstico y clasificación de fallos para la unidad de motores Diesel (MTU del Emplazamiento de Grupo Electrógeno Camagüey 1. La solución propuesta constituye una herramienta para evaluar la aplicación de mantenimiento preventivo antes de la ocurrencia de un fallo.With the increment of the grade of dependence of the modern society of the systems and complex technological processes, their readiness and correct operation they have become a strategic question, where the tasks of diagnostic and classification of shortcomings plays a very important list with the purpose of to guarantee and to maintain in operation it continues and reliable to the process. The shortcomings can cause from a reduction of the acting until a damage that causes stopped in the production. The distributed generation of electric power through the groups installed, is not unaware to suffer shortcomings. This work has as objective the development of a system for the diagnosis and classification of shortcomings for the Diesel unit of motors (MTU of the Location of Grupo Electrógeno Camagüey 1. The proposed solution constitutes a tool to evaluate the application of preventive maintenance before the occurrence of a failure.

  3. Clasificación de fallas con redes neuronales para grupos electrógenos; Faults classification with neuronal networks for electrogen groups

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Corrales Barrios

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Con el incremento del grado de dependencia de la sociedad moderna de los sistemas y procesos tecnológicos complejos, su disponibilidad y correcto funcionamiento se han convertido en una cuestión estratégica, donde las tareas de diagnóstico y clasificación de fallos juegan un rol muy importante con el fin de garantizar y mantener en operación continúa y confiable al proceso, los fallos pueden provocar desde una reducción del desempeño hasta un daño que provoque paradas en la producción. La generación distribuida de energía eléctrica a través de los grupos electrógenos instalados, no está ajena a sufrir fallas. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el desarrollar un sistema para el diagnóstico y clasificación de fallos para la unidad de motores Diesel (MTU del Emplazamiento de Grupo Electrógeno Camagüey 1. La solución propuesta constituye una herramienta para evaluar la aplicación de mantenimiento preventivo antes de la ocurrencia de un fallo.  With the increment of the grade of dependence of the modern society of the systems and complex technological processes, their readiness and correct operation they have become a strategic question, where the tasks of diagnostic and classification of shortcomings plays a very important list with the purpose of to guarantee and to maintain in operation it continues and reliable to the process. The shortcomings can cause from a reduction of the acting until a damage that causes stopped in the production. The distributed generation of electric power through the groups installed, is not unaware to suffer shortcomings. This work has as objective the development of a system for the diagnosis and classification of shortcomings for the Diesel unit of motors (MTU of the Location of Grupo Electrógeno Camagüey 1. The proposed solution constitutes a tool to evaluate the application of preventive maintenance before the occurrence of a failure.

  4. Terapia com surfactante pulmonar exógeno em pediatria Exogenous surfactant therapy in pediatrics

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Norberto A. Freddi

    2003-11-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Revisar o estágio atual do conhecimento sobre a utilização do surfactante exógeno nas diferentes doenças pulmonares que levam à insuficiência respiratória aguda em crianças. FONTES DOS DADOS: Este manuscrito baseia-se na experiência clínica dos autores sobre o assunto e na revisão da literatura recente através de consulta aos bancos de dados ONIA, Mdconsult, Medline e Cochrane Database Library. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Apesar do sucesso obtido com a utilização do surfactante exógeno na síndrome de desconforto respiratório do recém-nascido, questões permanecem indefinidas, como o momento do seu emprego, muito precoce (profilático, baseado na idade gestacional ou em testes rápidos de maturidade pulmonar, ou então mais tardiamente, após o quadro clínico instalado. Em outras patologias graves que levam à insuficiência respiratória grave com necessidade de suporte ventilatório, o seu uso ainda é controverso, e os dados da literatura são limitados e conflitantes. Porém, relatos de uso clínico em várias destas situações, com sucesso, têm sido freqüentes. A pesquisa em surfactante tem-se centrado ultimamente na sua inativação por várias substâncias que podem estar presentes na via aérea. Nas patologias em que a inativação parece ser um fator importante, novos surfactantes com adição de adjuvantes para reverter a tendência à inativação (por exemplo: polietilenoglicol estão atualmente em fase de testes. CONCLUSÕES: A terapia com surfactante exógeno ainda não é um tema esgotado, nem mesmo na SDR. Os surfactantes podem ser ainda aperfeiçoados, sobretudo para resistir à inibição, e as formas de utilização em outras doenças que não a SDR deverão ser aperfeiçoadas.OBJECTIVE: To review current knowledge about the use of exogenous surfactants in the treatment of different lung diseases causing acute respiratory failure in children. SOURCE OF DATA: This review is based on the authors

  5. Glutamate-system defects behind psychiatric manifestations in a familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 disease-mutation mouse model

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bøttger, Pernille; Pedersen, Simon Glerup; Gesslein, Bodil

    2016-01-01

    Migraine is a complex brain disorder, and understanding the complexity of this prevalent disease could improve quality of life for millions of people. Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 2 (FHM2) is a subtype of migraine with aura and co-morbidities like epilepsy/seizures, cognitive impairments...

  6. New views for sustainable production in family agriculture: Assessment of American lettuce cultivated with different types of organic fertilizers

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Renan Borro Celestrino

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available The general objective of this work was to evaluate the response of the American Lettuce to its development, using different types of organic fertilizers. Specifically, the objective was to outline the potential market for this type of food with agroecological production, with emphasis on small producers of family agriculture and to seek alternatives for legal marketing of organic products through family farming, based on Law 10.831/2003. Data collection on lettuce response to fertilization was completely randomized, with five treatments and four repetitions. It is a descriptive, exploratory research. Through a bibliographical survey, it was concluded that the insertion in the system of agroecological-organic production is opportune to establish competitiveness in family farming, in the primary productive sector of the production chain of olericulture, where the American Lettuce is among the main cultivated varieties. It was observed that the fertilization with manure of hardened chicken showed a higher development of lettuce in relation to other treatments. The consumer market confirms a demand for healthy food with the focus on vegetables. For legal marketing, organic food needs to get a special seal. Brazilian legislation establishes three guarantee instruments: third-party certification, participatory guarantee systems and social control for direct sale without certification. This last recommended for family farmers.

  7. Types of analysis of trompenaar's (1994 organizational culture prevailing in the area of controllership in family businesses in textile industry

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vanderlei dos Santos

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available The study aims to identify the types of analysis of Trompenaar's (1994 organizational culture prevailing in the area of controllership in family businesses in textile industry. Descriptive research was performed, with quantitative and qualitative approach, using a multiple case study. Data were collected through interviews with the controller of the companies. In the four basic culture types suggested by Trompenaars (1994, it is concluded that there isn´t a pure kind, but there is a strong presence of family culture among the companies surveyed in dimensions relationship between employees, attitude in relation to the ways of change, forms of motivation and reward

  8. Potencial y Algunos de los Mecanismos de Acción de los Hongos Entomopatógenos para el Control de Insectos Plaga Potencial y Algunos de los Mecanismos de Acción de los Hongos Entomopatógenos para el Control de Insectos Plaga

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Teresa Carrillo-Rayas

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available This paper describes the use of an ecological alternative to control insect pests. One viable strategy, developed to answer the growing concern about the negative effects that chemical pesticides have on human health and/or the environment, consists in exploiting the use of natural insect pathogens. Among several options, the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EMF as possible microbial control agents has been considered worldwide. EMF are widely recognized for their potential use as biological control agents. Due to their distinctive mode of action, EMF could have a unique and/or complementary role in insect control. Unlike bacterial, viral or protozoan entomopathogens, EMF do not require to be ingested by their host; instead, germinating fungal spores can penetrate directly through the insect’s cuticle. This mode of infection is possible thanks to the synergistic effect of cuticle-degrading enzymes, plus the mechanic pressure produced upon their contact. The enzymes participating in this process are a determinant factor for an effective infection. El presente artículo enfatiza el uso de una alternativa ecológica para el control efi caz de plagas. Considerando que existe una preocupación general sobre los efectos negativos de los pesticidas químicos en la salud pública y/o en el medio ambiente, una alternativa consiste en el aprovechamiento de patógenos naturales de insectos. El uso de hongos entomopatógenos (HEP como agentes de control biológico ha sido considerado a nivel mundial; estos hongos son ampliamente reconocidos por su potencial como agentes de control biológico. Debido a su modo de infección distintivo, los hongos pueden tener un papel único o complementario como agentes de control de insectos plaga. A diferencia de otros agentes entomopatógenos, como bacterias, virus o protozoarios, los HEP no requieren ser ingeridos por su hospedero para causar la infección; en su lugar, las esporas pueden penetrar directamente a trav

  9. Holistic approach to prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a family setting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ofori, Sandra N; Unachukwu, Chioma N

    2014-01-01

    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, progressive metabolic disorder with several complications that affect virtually all the systems in the human body. Type 2 DM (T2DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The management of T2DM is multifactorial, taking into account other major modifiable risk factors, like obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. A multidisciplinary team is essential to maximize the care of individuals with DM. DM self-management education and patient-centered care are the cornerstones of management in addition to effective lifestyle strategies and pharmacotherapy with individualization of glycemic goals. Robust evidence supports the effectiveness of this approach when implemented. Individuals with DM and their family members usually share a common lifestyle that, not only predisposes the non-DM members to developing DM but also, increases their collective risk for CVD. In treating DM, involvement of the entire family, not only improves the care of the DM individual but also, helps to prevent the risk of developing DM in the family members.

  10. Modelo de superficie de respuesta que permite inferir concentración de nitrógeno en “compost” producido a partir de desechos orgánicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Carolla

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Las actividades humanas que han conducido al desarrollo económico de las naciones, trayendo excelentes consecuencias científicas, tecnológicas y de innovación, también han ocasionado cambios que no parecen ser los más adecuados para preservar los recursos necesarios en el sustento de los seres vivientes presentes y las futuras generaciones. El uso de los recursos energéticos está conduciendo a su agotamiento y se están generando sustancias y desechos que conllevan a un problema de contaminación ambiental; por otro lado, también se producen condiciones sanitarias inadecuadas que pueden generar dificultades en el ámbito de la salud pública. En este orden de ideas, la Universidad Central de Venezuela se ha propuesto afrontar y resolver satisfactoriamente lo referente al manejo de los desechos sólidos que allí se generan, mediante el aprovechamiento de su fracción orgánica en los desechos generados en el comedor universitario, para la elaboración de abono orgánico. Para ello se requiere, además de implantar el proceso de compostaje, asegurar que la calidad del material producido sea reproducible. Una herramienta útil para lograr este último aspecto la constituye el realizar un diseño estadístico para el proceso de compostaje que permita obtener una ecuación matemática que determine la influencia que pueden tener los factores (variables independientes sobre la respuesta, llamada variable dependiente, es decir, la atribución que pueden tener los desechos mezclados inicialmente sobre la cantidad de nitrógeno. Esa metodología conlleva a la obtención de una ecuación que permite generar una superficie de respuesta. Esta información permitiría controlar la calidad del producto obtenido, el abono orgánico, de acuerdo a las condiciones que se establezcan. El objetivo general del estudio fue el de elaborar un modelo de superficie de respuesta que permita estimar condiciones en la producción de abono orgánico cuyo aporte de

  11. Estudo longitudinal da infecção por enteropatógenos em bezerros neonatos, com diarreia, sob diferentes estratégias de aleitamento

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    Júlia G. Carvalho

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Foram utilizados 17 bezerros, recém nascidos, da raça Holandesa, com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do volume de sucedâneo nos principais patógenos causadores de diarreia neonatal. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos, 8 bezerros do grupo 1 e 9 bezerros do grupo 2. Os animais foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia totalizando 4 litros de sucedâneo diários para o grupo 1 e 6 litros para o grupo 2. A partir do 1° dia de chegada dos bezerros foram avaliadas as fezes diariamente após o aleitamento da manhã para a classificação das fezes em diarreicas ou não diarreicas. Do primeiro dia de diarreia até o sétimo dia, as fezes foram coletadas em dias alternados (1º, 3º, 5º e 7° dia diretamente da ampola retal para avaliação dos enteropatógenos. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue dos bezerros com cinco dias de idade para dosagem da proteína total. A média da proteína total foi 6,33 e 6,21g/dL nos grupos 1 e 2 respectivamente. O grupo 2 apresentou tendência (p0,05 na frequência das amostras positivas para cada agente entre os grupos. A frequência dos enteropatógenos nas amostras foi de 100 e 75% para Cryptosporidium spp.; 28,5 e 43,7% para Salmonella spp.; 28,5 e 15,6% para patotipos de E. coli; 3,5 e 6,2% para Rotavírus e 10,7 e 9,4% para Giardia sp. nos grupos 1 e 2 respectivamente. Foram encontrados os sorotipos de Salmonella infantis e muenster. Os patotipos de E. coli isolados foram classificados como E. coli enterohemorrágica, enteropatogênica, enterotoxigênica e produtoras de toxinas Shiga 1 e 2. Foi observada associação entre o Cryptosporidium spp. e os patotipos de E. coli em 30% das amostras do grupo 1 e Cryptosporidium spp. e Salmonella spp. em 45,5% no grupo 2. Os resultados do presente trabalho demonstraram que o fornecimento de diferentes volumes de sucedâneo não apresentou influência sobre a incidência e etiologia da diarreia neonatal. A avaliação longitudinal dos enteropatógenos durante o

  12. On the Emerging Role of the Taste Receptor Type 1 (T1R Family of Nutrient-Sensors in the Musculoskeletal System

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    Shoichiro Kokabu

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available The special sense of taste guides and guards food intake and is essential for body maintenance. Salty and sour tastes are sensed via ion channels or gated ion channels while G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs of the taste receptor type 1 (T1R family sense sweet and umami tastes and GPCRs of the taste receptor type 2 (T2R family sense bitter tastes. T1R and T2R receptors share similar downstream signaling pathways that result in the stimulation of phospholipase-C-β2. The T1R family includes three members that form heterodimeric complexes to recognize either amino acids or sweet molecules such as glucose. Although these functions were originally described in gustatory tissue, T1R family members are expressed in numerous non-gustatory tissues and are now viewed as nutrient sensors that play important roles in monitoring global glucose and amino acid status. Here, we highlight emerging evidence detailing the function of T1R family members in the musculoskeletal system and review these findings in the context of the musculoskeletal diseases sarcopenia and osteoporosis, which are major public health problems among the elderly that affect locomotion, activities of daily living, and quality of life. These studies raise the possibility that T1R family member function may be modulated for therapeutic benefit.

  13. [PAX3 gene mutation analysis for two Waardenburg syndrome typefamilies and their prenatal diagnosis].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bai, Y; Liu, N; Kong, X D; Yan, J; Qin, Z B; Wang, B

    2016-12-07

    Objective: To analyze the mutations of PAX3 gene in two Waardenburg syndrome type Ⅰ (WS1) pedigrees and make prenatal diagnosis for the high-risk 18-week-old fetus. Methods: PAX3 gene was first analyzed by Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification(MLPA) for detecting pathogenic mutation of the probands of the two pedigrees. The mutations were confirmed by MLPA and Sanger in parents and unrelated healthy individuals.Prenatal genetic diagnosis for the high-risk fetus was performed by amniotic fluid cell after genotyping. Results: A heterozygous PAX3 gene gross deletion (E7 deletion) was identified in all patients from WS1-01 family, and not found in 20 healthy individuals.Prenatal diagnosis in WS1-01 family indicated that the fetus was normal. Molecular studies identified a novel deletion mutation c. 1385_1386delCT within the PAX3 gene in all affected WS1-02 family members, but in none of the unaffected relatives and 200 healthy individuals. Conclusions: PAX3 gene mutation is etiological for two WS1 families. Sanger sequencing plus MLPA is effective and accurate for making gene diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis.

  14. Usefulness of the detection of Toxoplasma gondii antigens in AIDS patients Utilidad de la detección de antígenos de Toxoplasma gondii en pacientes con SIDA

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    Alberto Fachado

    1994-12-01

    Full Text Available Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE is a mayor cause of central nervous system infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS. Toxoplasma antibodies were detected in 56 of 79 patients with AIDS (71%, in the present study. Fourteen out of 57 seropositive patients developed TF (25% and had Toxoplasma gondii antigen detected in their urine. For this, most of them received an effective therapy, with the subsequent disappearance of the symptoms and discontinuity of excretion of the T. gondii antigens. Our results suggest that the monitoring of T. gondii antigen in the urine of AIDS patients may be useful to decide on the proper time for therapy, as well as to avoid the beginning of neurologic signs in these patients.La Encefalitis Toxoplásmica (ET es la más importante complicación infecciosa del Sistema Nervioso Central en pacientes de SIDA. Anticuerpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii fueron detectados en 57 de 79 pacientes de SIDA (71%. De estos seropositivos, desarrollaron la enfermedad (ET 14 (25%, en los que coincidentemente se detectó la presencia de antígeno del parásito en orina y por tanto fueron objeto de una terapia efectiva, con la subsecuente desaparición de los sintomas y de los antígenos excretados. Por los resultados del presente trabajo, consideramos lo útil de monitorear en estos pacientes la presencia de antígenos de T. gondii con el objetivo de aplicar oportunamente métodos quimoprofilácticos que eviten el surgimiento de manifestaciones neurológicas en estos pacientes.

  15. Análisis de la eficiencia del sistema de aislamiento de vibraciones de grupos electrógenos MAN 18 V48/60 B // Efficiency analysis of vibration isolation system installed on engine generator sets type MAN 18 V48/60 b

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Evelio Palomino‐Marín

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Todo sistema de aislamiento de vibraciones está encaminado en primera instancia a aislarvibraciones como su propio nombre lo indica. En ocasiones es menester que a la máquina no laperturben vibraciones procedentes del entorno, como lo puede ser por ejemplo, el caso de unarectificadora en un taller de mecanizado. Así mismo, en otras ocasiones resulta necesario aislar lamáquina para evitar que las vibraciones producidas por ella misma afecten al entorno. Tal es el casode los grupos electrógenos MAN 18 V48/60 B, cuyos motores de combustión interna responden a undiseño de 18 cilindros en “V” distribuidos en 13 metros de longitud. El sistema de aislamiento deestos motores consta de 14 paquetes de ocho resortes cada uno, incluyendo un amortiguadorviscoso por cada calzo. Se efectuaron mediciones espectrales de vibraciones en cada uno de estoscalzos antivibratorios, sobre y debajo de estos respectivamente y se evaluó la eficiencia de estoscalzos en todo el espectro, determinándose aquellas frecuencias que por determinadas razones noalcanzan los niveles de eficiencia en el aislamiento establecidos a tales efectos. De esta manera, sepresenta una metodología para conducir este análisis.Palabras claves: calzos antivibratorios, aislamiento de vibraciones, grupos electrógenos.___________________________________________________________________AbstractA vibroisolation system has a priority goal which is isolate vibrations. Such vibrations can come fromthe environment and could affect the machine behavior and could affect its technological functionstoo. That’s the case of a machine tool, for instance. However, it is also possible that vibrations comefrom the own machine and in this case the main goal of vibroisolation system is to avoid thatvibrations go to machine foundations. This is the case on which this paper is focused. Twelvevibration isolators with eight springs each one including a viscous damper are mounted asvibroisolation system on

  16. Familial Investigations of Childhood Cancer Predisposition

    Science.gov (United States)

    2018-01-03

    Acute Leukemia; Adenomatous Polyposis; Adrenocortical Carcinoma; AML; BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome; Carney Complex; Choroid Plexus Carcinoma; Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome; Diamond-Blackfan Anemia; DICER1 Syndrome; Dyskeratosis Congenita; Emberger Syndrome; Familial Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Familial Adenomatous Polyposis; Fanconi Anemia; Familial Cancer; Familial Wilms Tumor; Familial Neuroblastoma; GIST; Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer; Hereditary Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma Syndrome; Hodgkin Lymphoma; Juvenile Polyposis; Li-Fraumeni Syndrome; Lynch Syndrome; MDS; Melanoma Syndrome; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2; Neuroblastoma; Neurofibromatosis Type 1; Neurofibromatosis Type II; Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome; Non Hodgkin Lymphoma; Noonan Syndrome and Other Rasopathy; Overgrowth Syndromes; Pancreatic Cancer; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome; Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma; PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome; Retinoblastoma; Rhabdoid Tumor Predisposition Syndrome; Rhabdomyosarcoma; Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome; Tuberous Sclerosis; Von Hippel-Lindau Disease

  17. The major megadrile families of th e World reviewed again on their taxonomic types (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Blakemore, R. J.

    2013-11-01

    Full Text Available A critique of recent clado-molecular phylogenies notes shortcomings of starting materials, methods applied, and,therefore, their conclusions; hence this review. A new group, Exquisiclitellata, is newly defined as those ‘non-crassiclitellate’members of the superorder Megadrilacea (viz., Moniligastridae Claus, 1880, plus Alluroididae Michaelsen, 1900 andSyngenodrilidae Smith & Green, 1919. Support for restitution and elevation of American Diplocardiinae Michaelsen, 1900and Argilophilini Fender & McKey-Fender, 1990 are again raised. ICZN priority requires revival of Typhoeus Beddard, 1883over synonym Eutyphoeus Michaelsen, 1900 and the sub-family Typhoeinae (corr. of Typhaeinae Benham, 1890 is reestablished.Hoplochaetellinae sub-family nov. is proposed as a development of Octochaetidae s. lato in India.Wegeneriellinae sub-fam. nov. accommodates the holoic members of a restricted Neogastrini Csuzdi, 1996 from W. Africaand S. America. Caribbean family Exxidae Blakemore, 2000 and related Trigastrinae Michaelsen, 1900 are both retained. Acontingency table of Megascolecidae s. stricto sub-families and types is presented with some revived and a few new subfamiliesproposed, particularly from Australasia. These are Diporochaetinae, Megascolidesinae, Celeriellinae, andWoodwardiellinae sub-fams. nov. Synonymy of Perichaetidae Claus, 1880 over Megascolecidae Rosa, 1891 is deferred forreasons of nomenclatural stability. For the large African family Eudrilidae Claus, 1880, a new sub-family, Polytoreutinae, isadvanced and the status of abandoned Teleudrilini Michaelsen, 1891 and overlooked Hippoperidae Taylor, 1949 are noted.

  18. Modificación del comportamiento tribológico de zirconio y titanio mediante implantación de nitrógeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García, J. A.

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available This paper gathers the studies of the effects introduced by Nitrogen implantation on Ti and Zr. Atomic and molecular Nitrogen have been implanted on Titanium and Zirconium samples to investigate the role of these elements in the nitrides precipitation. In all cases an increase in microhardness, which in some cases was greater than 80% was found out. Moreover was observed improvements in the wear resistance and a decrease in the friction coefficient. AES and XPS spectroscopy revealed that nitride precipitation in titanium is more significant for the high atomic doses of Nitrogen implantation.

    En el presente trabajo se estudian los efectos introducidos por la implantación de nitrógeno atómico y molecular en Ti y Zr comercialmente puros. Se relacionan los cambios en la dureza superficial y coeficiente de fricción con los cambios en la composición química superficial. En todos los casos se ha encontrado que la implantación iónica proporciona aumentos de dureza que en algunos de los casos llega hasta el 80%. Se encontraron así mismo mejoras en la resistencia al desgaste y disminuciones del coeficiente de fricción de hasta un 50%. La caracterización AES y XPS pone de manifiesto la aparición de precipitados de nitruros, con mayor concentración para la implantación de altas dosis de nitrógeno atómico sobre titanio.

  19. Multiple endocrine neoplasia phenocopy revealed as a co-occurring neuroendocrine tumor and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 3

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hovden, Silje; Jespersen, Marie Louise; Nissen, Peter H

    2016-01-01

    Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia type 3 should be considered as differential diagnosis in patients with suspected primary hyperparathyroidism and/or suspected multiple neoplasia syndrome, as correct diagnosis will spare the patients for going through multiple futile parathyroidectomies...... and for the worry of being diagnosed with a cancer susceptibility syndrome....

  20. Regulación del flujo sanguíneo uterino. I. Funciones de estrógeno y receptores estrogénicos α/β en el endotelio vascular uterino durante el embarazo

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mayra, Pastore R.; Rosalina, Villalón L.; López, Gladys; Iruretagoyena, Jesús; Magness, Ronald

    2015-01-01

    Resumen El estrógeno y los receptores estrogénicos clásicos (REs), RE-α y RE-β, han demostrado ser parcialmente responsable por las adaptaciones endoteliales uterinas durante el embarazo al corto y largo plazo. Las diferencias moleculares y estructurales, junto con los diferentes efectos causados por estos receptores en las células y los tejidos, sugieren que su función varía dependiendo de la manera en la cual el estrógeno se comunica con sus receptores. En ésta revisión bibliográfica se discuten la función del estrógeno y sus receptores clásicos en las adaptaciones cardiovasculares durante el embarazo y la expresión de los Res in vivo e in vitro en el endotelio de la arteria uterina durante el ciclo ovárico y el embarazo, a la vez comparado con la expresión en endotelio arterial de tejidos reproductivos y no reproductivos. Estos temas integran el conocimiento actual de este amplio campo científico con interpretaciones e hipótesis diversas relacionadas con los efectos estrogénicos mediados bien sea por uno o los dos REs. Esta revisión también incluye la relación con las adaptaciones vasodilatadoras y angiogénicas requeridas para modular el dramático incremento fisiológico en la perfusión útero-placentaria observada durante un embarazo normal. PMID:26113750

  1. LACTIC ACID BACTERIA WITH ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST PATHOGENIC AGENT CAUSING OF BOVINE MASTITIS BACTERIAS ACIDO LACTICAS CON ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICROBIANA CONTRA PATÓGENOS CAUSANTES DE MASTITIS BOVINA OUT BACTÉRIAS LÁTICAS COM ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA CONTRA OUT PATÓGENOS DA MASTITE BOVINA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LILIANA SERNA C

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available The use of antibiotics to treat bovine mastitis, produces antibiotic residues in milk and decreased quality of dairy products. Lactic acid bacteria have been proposed as an alternative to avoid the use of antibiotics. This paper reports the antimicrobial activity against pathogens responsible of bovine mastitis, of 4 lactic acid strains isolated from cattle in a state of acidosis ruminal. It also evaluated the specific growth rate (m and antimicrobial activity of one of the strains, using two concentrations of carbon source (20 and 60 gl-1 in the commercial substrate MRS. The strains were biochemically identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus fermen-tum and Weissella confusa. Weissella confusa showed the best antimicrobial activity against the major pathogens responsible of bovine mastitis. When has been used 60 gl-1 of total sugars in the fermentation substrate, was obtained diameter of inhibition of 31 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 36 mm for Streptococcus agalactiae. The antimicrobial activity of Weissella confusa is superior antimicrobial activity reported by many other lactic acid bacteria, therefore Weissella confusa could potentially be used to prevent bovine mastitis.El uso de antibióticos para el tratamiento de mastitis bovina, genera residuos de antibióticos en la leche y disminuye la calidad de los subproductos lácteos. Las bacterias ácido lácticas se han propuesto como una alternativa para evitar el uso de antibióticos. En este artículo se reporta la actividad antimicrobiana contra patógenos productores de mastitis bovina, de 4 cepas acido lácticas aisladas de bovinos en estado de acidosis ruminal. Se evaluó además la velocidad especifica de crecimiento (m y la actividad antimicrobiana de una de las cepas, utilizando dos concentraciones de fuente de carbono (20 y 60 gl-1 en el sustrato comercial MRS. Las cepas se identificaron bioquímicamente como Lactobacillus acidophilus

  2. ENSAYOS DE BIOESTIMULACIÓN ALGAL CON DIFERENTES RELACIONES NITRÓGENO: FÓSFORO, BAJO CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO ASSAYS OF ALGAL BIO-STIMULATION WITH DIFFERENT NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS RELATIONS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Néstor J. Aguirre Ramírez

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el crecimiento del alga Chlorella vulgaris ante diferentes concentraciones de nitrógeno y fósforo, a través de ensayos de bioestimulación en una cámara ambiental. Las variables respuesta fueron la densidad algal y la turbidez, evaluadas por conteo en una cámara de Neubauer y por espectrofotometría, empleando un equipo NOVA 60. Para los ensayos de bioestimulación se utilizó el medio de cultivo Estándar Métodos, sugerido por APHA, AWWA (1995 con diferentes concentraciones de nitrógeno y de fósforo. En general, se concluyó que la bioestimulación del crecimiento de Chlorella vulgaris depende de la relación estequiométrica entre el nitrógeno y el fósforo. En síntesis, cuando el fósforo se hace menos limitante se presentó una mayor tasa de crecimiento poblacional. Sin embargo, el nitrógeno es también esencial y ambos nutrientes no pueden ser analizados independientemente. Por lo tanto, el aumento o la disminución de las concentraciones de estos nutrientes en los ambientes acuáticos deben ser estudiados conjuntamente a través de sus relaciones estequiométricas.The main objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of algal population Chlorella vulgaris in different concentrations from nitrogen and phosphorus, through tests of algal stimulation in an environmental camera. The answer variables were algal density and turbidity, evaluated by count in a camera of Neubauer and with a photometric method (# 077, using NOVA 60 equipment. For the algal stimulation tests, methods suggested by APHA, AWWA (1995 with different phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were used In general we concluded that the algal stimulation of the population growth of C. vulgaris depends on the stoichiometric relation between nitrogen and phosphorus. In synthesis when phosphorus becomes a less limit, a greater rate of population growth, appears; nevertheless nitrogen is also essential and both nutrients

  3. Familial history of diabetes and clinical characteristics in Greek subjects with type 2 diabetes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Papazafiropoulou, Athanasia; Sotiropoulos, Alexios; Skliros, Eystathios; Kardara, Marina; Kokolaki, Anthi; Apostolou, Ourania; Pappas, Stavros

    2009-04-27

    A lot of studies have showed an excess maternal transmission of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim, therefore, of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of familial history of T2D in Greek patients, and to evaluate its potential effect on the patient's metabolic control and the presence of diabetic complications. A total of 1,473 T2D patients were recruited. Those with diabetic mothers, diabetic fathers, diabetic relatives other than parents and no known diabetic relatives, were considered separately. The prevalence of diabetes in the mother, the father and relatives other than parents, was 27.7, 11.0 and 10.7%, respectively. Patients with paternal diabetes had a higher prevalence of hypertension (64.8 vs. 57.1%, P = 0.05) and lower LDL-cholesterol levels (115.12 +/- 39.76 vs. 127.13 +/- 46.53 mg/dl, P = 0.006) than patients with diabetes in the mother. Patients with familial diabetes were significantly younger (P Greek diabetic patients. However, no different influence was found between maternal and paternal diabetes on the clinical characteristics of diabetic patients except for LDL-cholesterol levels and presence of hypertension. The presence of a family history of diabetes resulted to an early onset of the disease to the offspring.

  4. Mucin-type O-glycosylation is controlled by short- and long-range glycopeptide substrate recognition that varies among members of the polypeptide GalNAc transferase family

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Revoredo, Leslie; Wang, Shengjun; Bennett, Eric Paul

    2016-01-01

    A large family of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide GalNAc transferases (ppGalNAc-Ts) initiates and defines sites of mucin-type Ser/Thr-O-GalNAc glycosylation. Family members have been classified into peptide- and glycopeptide-preferring subfamilies, although both families possess variable activities agains...

  5. Supernova 2010as: the lowest-velocity member of a family of flat-velocity type IIb supernovae

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Folatelli, Gastón; Bersten, Melina C.; Nomoto, Ken' ichi [Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 (Japan); Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo; Hamuy, Mario [Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago (Chile); Olivares Estay, Felipe; Pignata, Giuliano [Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avda. Republica 252, Santiago (Chile); Anderson, Joseph P. [European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago (Chile); Holmbo, Simon; Stritzinger, Maximilian [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C (Denmark); Maeda, Keiichi [Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan); Morrell, Nidia; Contreras, Carlos; Phillips, Mark M. [Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena (Chile); Förster, Francisco [Center for Mathematical Modelling, Universidad de Chile, Avenida Blanco Encalada 2120 Piso 7, Santiago (Chile); Prieto, José Luis [Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 (United States); Valenti, Stefano [Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117 (United States); Afonso, Paulo; Altenmüller, Konrad; Elliott, Jonny, E-mail: gaston.folatelli@ipmu.jp [Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85740 Garching (Germany); and others

    2014-09-01

    We present extensive optical and near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations of the stripped-envelope supernova SN 2010as. Spectroscopic peculiarities such as initially weak helium features and low expansion velocities with a nearly flat evolution place this object in the small family of events previously identified as transitional Type Ib/c supernovae (SNe). There is ubiquitous evidence of hydrogen, albeit weak, in this family of SNe, indicating that they are in fact a peculiar kind of Type IIb SNe that we name 'flat-velocity' Type IIb. The flat-velocity evolution—which occurs at different levels between 6000 and 8000 km s{sup –1} for different SNe—suggests the presence of a dense shell in the ejecta. Despite the spectroscopic similarities, these objects show surprisingly diverse luminosities. We discuss the possible physical or geometrical unification picture for such diversity. Using archival Hubble Space Telescope images, we associate SN 2010as with a massive cluster and derive a progenitor age of ≈6 Myr, assuming a single star-formation burst, which is compatible with a Wolf-Rayet progenitor. Our hydrodynamical modeling, on the contrary, indicates that the pre-explosion mass was relatively low, ≈4 M {sub ☉}. The seeming contradiction between a young age and low pre-SN mass may be solved by a massive interacting binary progenitor.

  6. Ala397Asp mutation of myosin VIIA gene segregating in a Spanish family with type-Ib Usher syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Espinós, C; Millán, J M; Sánchez, F; Beneyto, M; Nájera, C

    1998-06-01

    In the current study, 12 Spanish families affected by type-I Usher syndrome, that was previously linked to chromosome 11q, were screened for the presence of mutations in the N-terminal coding portion of the motor domain of the myosin VIIA gene by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the first 14 exons. A mutation (Ala397Asp) segregating with the disease was identified, and several polymorphisms were also detected. It is presumed that the other USHIB mutations in these families could be located in the unscreened regions of the gene.

  7. Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling for Waardenburg syndrome type I and II in Chinese families.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Li; Qin, Litao; Li, Tao; Liu, Hongjian; Ma, Lingcao; Li, Wan; Wu, Dong; Wang, Hongdan; Guo, Qiannan; Guo, Liangjie; Liao, Shixiu

    2018-01-01

    Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an auditory‑pigmentary disorder with varying combinations of sensorineural hearing loss and abnormal pigmentation. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying molecular pathology and provide a method of prenatal diagnosis of WS in Chinese families. A total of 11 patients with WS from five unrelated Chinese families were enrolled. A thorough clinical examination was performed on all participants. Furthermore, patients with WS underwent screening for mutations in the following genes: Paired box 3 (PAX3), melanogenesis associated transcription factor (MITF), SRY‑box 10, snail family transcriptional repressor 2 and endothelin receptor type B using polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Array‑based comparative genomic hybridization was used for specific patients whose sequence results were normal. Following identification of the genotype of the probands and their parents, prenatal genetic diagnosis was performed for family 01 and 05. According to the diagnostic criteria for WS, five cases were diagnosed as WS1, while the other six cases were WS2. Genetic analysis revealed three mutations, including a nonsense mutation PAX3 c.583C>T in family 01, a splice‑site mutation MITF c.909G>A in family 03 and an in‑frame deletion MITF c.649_651delGAA in family 05. To the best of the authors' knowledge the mutations (c.583C>T in PAX3 and c.909G>A in MITF) were reported for the first time in Chinese people. Mutations in the gene of interest were not identified in family 02 and 04. The prenatal genetic testing of the two fetuses was carried out and demonstrated that the two babies were normal. The results of the present study expanded the range of known genetic mutations in China. Identification of genetic mutations in these families provided an efficient way to understand the causes of WS and improved genetic counseling.

  8. Desenvolvimento de uma abordagem computacional para a descoberta de compostos-líderes para fármacos anticancerígenos

    OpenAIRE

    Cruz, Sara Miguel Dinis Mamede da

    2016-01-01

    Atualmente o cancro é uma das principais causas de morte, causando uma crescente demanda para a descoberta de fármacos para o seu tratamento. O objetivo desta dissertação foi a construção de modelos computacionais para auxiliar a descoberta de novos compostos líder anticancerígenos contra o cancro do cólon. Foram realizados dois diferentes estudos da Relação Quantitativa Estrutura Atividade (QSAR), o primeiro intitulado Modelo A, que utilizou conjuntos de descritores estruturais e fingerpr...

  9. Acción del sulfuro de hidrógeno en la función de la vejiga urinaria

    OpenAIRE

    Fernandes, Vítor Samuel Leite

    2015-01-01

    El sulfuro de hidrógeno, H2S, junto con el óxido nítrico, NO, y el monóxido de carbono, CO, integran la tríada de gases neurotransmisores con importantes funciones fisiológicas y fisiopatológicas con una amplia representación orgánica. A pesar del papel clave desempeñado por el H2S en la fisiología y fisiopatología, no existe información referida a su acción en el uréter intravesical y en el cuello de la vejiga urinaria. Por ello, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo general investigar la ...

  10. Análisis de criticidad de grupos electrógenos de la tecnología fuel oil en Cuba

    OpenAIRE

    María Bárbara Hourné Calzada; María Lucía Brito-Vallina; Alfredo Manuel del Castillo-Serpa; Elena Fraga-Guerra; Armando Díaz-Concepción

    2012-01-01

    En el 2004, Cuba pone en marcha un nuevo programa que consiste en un esquema de generación eléctrica distribuida que emplea la instalación de emplazamientos compuestos por grupos electrógenos, que operan con diesel o fuel-oil, constituyendo uno de los más profundos cambios conceptuales en esta esfera. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la obtención del modelo matemático para el Análisis de Criticidad que permita la clasificación jerarquizada de los sistemas en este proceso de generación ...

  11. Productos biocidas y su uso para el control de fitopatógenos y organismos plaga que afectan a plantas

    OpenAIRE

    González-Coloma, Azucena; Díaz, Carmen E.; Andrés, Mª Fé; Fraga, Braulio M.; Bolaños González, Patricia; Cabrera, Raimundo; Giménez Mariño, Cristina

    2015-01-01

    [ES] Productos biocidas y su uso para el control de fitopatógenos y organismos plaga que afectan a plantas. Las enfermedades y plagas constituyen un importante problema en el campo de la agricultura. La presente invención propone un nuevo compuesto de fórmula (I) con actividad biocida, aislado a partir del producto de fermentación de hongos endófitos del género Guignardia sp. La invención también se refiere al método de obtención del compuesto de fórmula (I), a un producto de fermentación que...

  12. Purificación de la fracción antigénica 27-28 KDa a partir del antígeno metabólico secretado-excretado de Fasciola hepatica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isidro Antitupa

    Full Text Available En el presente estudio, las fracciones antigénicas de 27-28 KDa de Fasciola hepatica fueron purificadas por cromatografía de exclusión molecular para su aplicación en el diagnóstico de la fascioliasis humana. Se obtuvieron antígenos de excreción y secreción a partir de fasciolas adultas vivas obtenida de hígado de ovino y bovino, y cultivados en medio mínimo esencial. La reactividad y eficacia del antígeno purificado fueron evaluadas por la prueba de inmunoblot empleando cuatro sueros con fascioliasis humana; cuatro sueros con otras parasitosis, y dos sueros negativos. Se concluye que las fracciones antigénicas purificadas no presentan reacción cruzada con otras parasitosis, por inmunoblot, por lo que se considera a las proteínas purificadas como potenciales candidatas a ser utilizadas para el diagnóstico de fascioliasis humana

  13. Genomic evolution of 11 type strains within family Planctomycetaceae.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Min Guo

    Full Text Available The species in family Planctomycetaceae are ideal groups for investigating the origin of eukaryotes. Their cells are divided by a lipidic intracytoplasmic membrane and they share a number of eukaryote-like molecular characteristics. However, their genomic structures, potential abilities, and evolutionary status are still unknown. In this study, we searched for common protein families and a core genome/pan genome based on 11 sequenced species in family Planctomycetaceae. Then, we constructed phylogenetic tree based on their 832 common protein families. We also annotated the 11 genomes using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups database. Moreover, we predicted and reconstructed their core/pan metabolic pathways using the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthology system. Subsequently, we identified genomic islands (GIs and structural variations (SVs among the five complete genomes and we specifically investigated the integration of two Planctomycetaceae plasmids in all 11 genomes. The results indicate that Planctomycetaceae species share diverse genomic variations and unique genomic characteristics, as well as have huge potential for human applications.

  14. Influencia del nitrógeno en la producción del tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum L sembrado en sustrato en Sutamarchán (Boyacá

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Leidy Natalia Cuadrado-García

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available El nitrógeno es necesario para las plantas, pero debido a la ineficacia de estas para absorberlo, tan solo un bajo porcentaje es asimilado, y el restante es liberado al ambiente. El trabajo que aquí se presenta se enfocó en determinar la dinámica del nitrógeno en la producción de tomate hidropónico con sistema de drenaje abierto y bajo condiciones de invernadero en la finca Hortifresh S.A., ubicada en el municipio de Sutamarchán (Boyacá. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se realizaron semanalmente muestreos de la solución nutritiva, del sustrato utilizado, del agua de drenaje y del material vegetal (tallo, hojas y frutos, con el fin de determinar la concentración de nitrógeno aprovechable por la planta en el cultivo de tomate hidropónico. Los contenidos de N aplicados a la planta, expresados en relación con la acumulación total, fueron de 37,93 g, que equivalen al 100% del N aplicado. Del N total aplicado, el 0,6% (0,22051 g es drenado, el 36% (13,665 g es absorbido por la planta y el restante 63,4% (24,049 g se acumula en el sustrato. Que solo el 36% del N aplicado sea asimilado por la planta, según la investigación, indica que se debe reducir la aplicación de fertilizantes nitrogenados y hacer uso racional del suministro de nutrientes que el cultivo de tomate necesita, con el propósito de reducir el impacto ambiental y optimizar el aprovechamiento de los recursos; en este sentido, la investigación sobre el mejor manejo de la fertirrigación en sistemas hidropónicos con recirculación contribuirá a un desarrollo más sostenible de estos.

  15. Aproximación al uso de hongos entomopatógenos y vacunas para el control sostenible de garrapatas en sistemas ganaderos: revisión

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Carolina Moncada González

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available La resistencia desarrollada por las garrapatas frente a los acaricidas de síntesis, hace necesario replantear las estrategias utilizadas actualmen - te para su control. Los programas de manejo integrado de parásitos se presentan como una alternativa que, al promover estrategias de con - trol basadas en la ecología y la epidemiología de cada especie de parásito, reducen el riesgo de desarrollo de resistencia. Dichas estrategias incluyen la aplicación de vacunas antigarrapata y hongos entomopatógenos que afectan la viabi - lidad y la reproducción en las garrapatas. Sin embargo, la información obtenida entre estudios sobre hongos y vacunas ha sido inconsistente, por lo que hoy en día ambas representan áreas de investigación bastante activas. El propósito de este trabajo consistió en realizar una revisión descriptiva sobre los mecanismos de acción de la vacuna antigarrapata y los hongos entomopatógenos, en la búsqueda de una po - sible complementariedad que permita el diseño de planes de aplicación conjunta, con miras a mejorar los resultados de control en sistemas ganaderos. En la primera parte del documento se revisa la actual problemática asociada al uso y abuso de los acaricidas de síntesis, haciendo un énfasis particular en el tema de resistencia; posteriormente, se describen los mecanismos de acción de hongos y vacunas que afectan la re - producción y supervivencia en garrapatas, y se incluye información relevante sobre su eficacia. Se espera que la información aquí recolectada, sirva como base para elaborar estudios que permitan identificar la utilidad de los hongos entomopatógenos y las vacunas antigarrapata al interior de los programas de manejo integrado de parásitos en ganadería.

  16. Estudio por GXRD de la formación de fases en metales de los grupos IV y V por implantación iónica de nitrógeno

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García, J. A.

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available High doses of nitrogen ion implantation introduce important modifications in the composition and microstructure of the most outer surface of the treated materials. Owing to this modifications, treated materials increase dramatically hardness and wear resistance. In this paper the changes in hardness and in the tribological properties of the groups IV and V are summarized. Special emphasis is given to the relationships between these improvements and the results obtained from GXRD analysis. Moreover GXRD results are showing the role of nitrogen in the improvements of hardness and the tribological properties.

    La implantación iónica de altas dosis de nitrógeno produce cambios significativos en la composición y estructura de las capas más externas de los materiales tratados. Estos cambios se reflejan en la modificación de las propiedades mecánicas superficiales, pudiendo conseguirse aumentos importantes de dureza y resistencia al desgaste. En el presente trabajo se presenta un resumen de los cambios en las propiedades mecánicas superficiales producidos por la implantación iónica de nitrógeno en los distintos metales de los grupos IV (Ti, Zr, Hf y V (V, Nb, Ta, intentándose relacionar dichos cambios con las distintas fases formadas estudiadas mediante técnicas de difracción de rayos X con ángulo rasante (GXRD. La caracterización por GXRD pone de manifiesto el papel del nitrógeno como responsable de los cambios en la microdureza y de las propiedades tribológicas observadas.

  17. Evaluación de un antígeno de Brucella abortus para aglutinación en placa como prueba tamiz en el diagnóstico de la brucelosis bovina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    David Rajme-Manzur

    2017-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo obtener y validar un antígeno buferado de Brucella abortus para la prueba de aglutinación en placa como prueba diagnóstica de base de la brucelosis bovina. Se formularon tres lotes de antígeno a partir de la multiplicación de la cepa 99 de Brucella abortus. Se realizaron los controles de calidad correspondientes (determinación de pH, volumen celular, esterilidad, capacidad buferante y las pruebas serológicas para la evaluación del desempeño. Se emplearon 1070 muestras de suero bovino (350 positivas y 720 negativas previamente controladas con las pruebas de diagnóstico establecidas. Se determinó la sensibilidad y especificidad diagnóstica y relativa, los valores predictivos positivos y negativos, la eficacia y la concordancia. En los tres lotes todas las características evaluadas resultaron estar dentro de los parámetros establecidos para este tipo de producto. La especificidad y sensibilidad diagnósticas fueron de 99,5% y 100% respectivamente. El valor predictivo positivo fue de 99,1%, el valor predictivo negativo fue de 100% y la eficacia de un 99,7%. El antígeno mostró una sensibilidad y especificidad relativas de un 100% y la concordancia resultó ser clasificada como muy buena. La evaluación del desempeño arrojó resultados satisfactorios, demostrando que el método de producción empleado es factible para la obtención de un producto con adecuada eficacia.

  18. [Diabetic foot risk in patients with type II diabetes mellitus in a family medicine unit].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Márquez-Godínez, S A; Zonana-Nacach, A; Anzaldo-Campos, M C; Muñoz-Martínez, J A

    2014-01-01

    To determine the risk of diabetic foot in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) seen in a Family Medicine Unit. The study included type II DM patients with a disease duration ≥ 5 years seen in a Family Medicine Unit, Tijuana, Mexico, during September-December 2011. Neuropathy was assessed with the Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom questionnaire, and pressure sensation using a 10-g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. A patient had a high risk of diabetic foot if there was sensitivity loss, foot deformities, and non-palpable pedal pulses. We studied 205 patients with an average (± SD) age and DM duration of 59 ± 10 years and 10.7 ± 6.7 years, respectively. Ninety one patients (44%) had a high risk of developing diabetic foot, and it was associated with; an education of less than 6 years (OR 2.3; 95%CI: 1-1-4.1), DM disease duration ≥ 10 years (OR 5.1; 95%CI: 2.8-9.4), female gender (OR 2.0; 95%CI: 1.1-3.6), monthly familiar income diabetic neuropathy, since they have a high risk of diabetic foot. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN). Publicado por Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

  19. Pesquisa de estrógeno e progesterona no epitélio das pregas vocais de mulheres por imunohistoquímica Immunohistochemical searching for estrogen and progesterone receptors in women vocal fold epithelia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oswaldo Angel Bellido Rios

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available A laringe é extremamente sensível a mudanças endocrinológicas. A maioria das alterações da mucosa das pregas vocais é causada por modificações do conteúdo líquido das pregas vocais e das suas modificações epiteliais. O estrógeno e a progesterona interferem e modificam esse conteúdo líquido das pregas vocais. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a presença de receptores de estrógeno e progesterona no epitélio das pregas vocais de mulheres. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo de casos prospectivos. Foram realizados exames de imunohistoquímica para receptores de estrógeno e progesterona em 19 espécimes de epitélio de pregas vocais que não apresentavam quaisquer indícios de afecção, inclusive inflamatória. Foram descartados casos de pacientes com idade superior a 40 anos e inferior a 15 anos. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados receptores para progesterona em 18 de 19 pacientes. Os receptores de progesterona estão localizados tanto no núcleo quanto no citoplasma e principalmente na camada basal. Não houve nenhum caso de receptores de estrógeno nas pregas vocais. CONCLUSÃO: O epitélio das pregas vocais apresenta receptores para progesterona, tanto no citoplasma quanto no núcleo. Não foram encontrados receptores para estrógeno no epitélio das pregas vocais estudadas.Larynx is extremely sensitive to endocrinologic changes. Most vocal fold mucosa alterations are caused by changes in vocal fold liquid content and its epithelial changes. Estrogen and progesterone interfere and change this liquid content in the vocal folds. Our goal with the present paper is to study the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors on vocal fold epithelium in 19 vocal fold epithelium specimens that did not present any indication of disease, especially inflammatory disease. We discarded those cases of patients above 40 years of age and those below 15. RESULTS: we found progesterone receptors in 18 of the 19 patients. The progesterone receptors

  20. Comparative evaluation of GenoType MTBDRplus line probe assay with solid culture method in early diagnosis of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB at a tertiary care centre in India.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raj N Yadav

    Full Text Available The objectives of the study were to compare the performance of line probe assay (GenoType MTBDRplus with solid culture method for an early diagnosis of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB, and to study the mutation patterns associated with rpoB, katG and inhA genes at a tertiary care centre in north India.In this cross-sectional study, 269 previously treated sputum-smear acid-fast bacilli (AFB positive MDR-TB suspects were enrolled from January to September 2012 at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences hospital, New Delhi. Line probe assay (LPA was performed directly on the sputum specimens and the results were compared with that of conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST on solid media [Lowenstein Jensen (LJ method].DST results by LPA and LJ methods were compared in 242 MDR-TB suspects. The LPA detected rifampicin (RIF resistance in 70 of 71 cases, isoniazid (INH resistance in 86 of 93 cases, and MDR-TB in 66 of 68 cases as compared to the conventional method. Overall (rifampicin, isoniazid and MDR-TB concordance of the LPA with the conventional DST was 96%. Sensitivity and specificity were 98% and 99% respectively for detection of RIF resistance; 92% and 99% respectively for detection of INH resistance; 97% and 100% respectively for detection of MDR-TB. Frequencies of katG gene, inhA gene and combined katG and inhA gene mutations conferring all INH resistance were 72/87 (83%, 10/87 (11% and 5/87 (6% respectively. The turnaround time of the LPA test was 48 hours.The LPA test provides an early diagnosis of monoresistance to isoniazid and rifampicin and is highly sensitive and specific for an early diagnosis of MDR-TB. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the LPA test can be useful in early diagnosis of drug resistant TB in high TB burden countries.

  1. Family History of Type 2 Diabetes is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Female Subjects

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ticiana Costa Rodrigues

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the family history (FH of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS in a group of non-diabetic obese female subjects. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 239 female patients with obesity, regularly attending the Internal Medicine Division’s outpatient clinic (Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil. The inclusion criteria were patients with body mass index ?30 kg/m2 and absence of type 2 diabetes. The FH was considered positive if a first degree relative had a diagnosis of diabetes. Seventy-four of 239 patients evaluated (30% had a positive FH for type 2 diabetes. Patients with positive FH had higher waist/hip ratio and MetS more often than patients with negative FH. FH of type 2 diabetes was associated with MetS in this sample of non-diabetic obese female patients. Waist/hip ratio and fasting plasma glucose, markers of insulin resistance, were also associated with FH of type 2 diabetes. The simple question: “Do you have a FH of type 2 diabetes?” may help to identify the obese patients that should be better evaluated and intensively treated with the objective of preventing type 2 diabetes.

  2. Intensive multifactorial treatment modifies the effect of family history of diabetes on glycaemic control in people with Type 2 diabetes

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Eliraqi, G M; Vistisen, D; Lauritzen, T

    2015-01-01

    Aim To investigate whether intensive multifactorial treatment can reverse the predisposed adverse phenotype of people with Type 2 diabetes who have a family history of diabetes. Methods Data from the randomized controlled trial ADDITION-Denmark were used. A total of 1441 newly diagnosed patients...... pressure, lipids and HbA1c) after 5 years of follow-up in participants with and without a family history of diabetes. An interaction term between family history of diabetes and treatment group was included in the models to test for a modifying effect of the intervention. All analyses were adjusted for age...... with diabetes (598 with family history of diabetes) were randomized to intensive treatment or routine care. Family history of diabetes was defined as having one parent and/or sibling with diabetes. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the changes in risk factors (BMI, waist circumference, blood...

  3. Corynebacterium striatum infecting a malignant cutaneous lesion: the emergence of an opportunistic pathogen Corynebacterium striatum infectando lesão cutânea maligna: a emergência de um patógeno oportunista

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvana Vargas Superti

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available We described a case of a 27-year old male patient with skin and soft tissue infection of a neoplastic lesion caused by Corynebacterium striatum, an organism which has been rarely described as a human pathogen. Identification was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Successful treatment with penicillin was achieved. The role of the C. striatum as an emerging opportunistic pathogen is discussed.Descrevemos infecção de lesão neoplásica em paciente masculino de 27 anos, envolvendo pele e partes moles, causada por Corynebacterium striatum, um microrganismo raramente descrito como patógeno humano. A identificação foi confirmada por seqüenciamento de DNA. O paciente foi tratado com penicilina, com sucesso. O papel do C. striatum como patógeno oportunista é discutido.

  4. Relationship between serum concetrations of type III procollagen, hyluronic acid and histopathological findings in the liver of HCV-positive blood donors Relação entre concentrações séricas de procolágeno tipo III, ácido hialurônico com achados histopatológicos do fígado em doadores de sangue anti-HCV positivos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vera Regina Rodrigues Camacho

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Serologic markers have been proposed for monitoring hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease. Among fibrosis markers, type III procollagen (PIIIP and hyaluronic acid have been studied in these patients. AIM: To evaluate the association between these serum markers with histological findings. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out with HCV-positive blood donors. The studied population included men and women whose age ranged from 18 to 60 years, with elevated liver function tests [ALT levels > 1.5 times the normal value and alterations of two or more of the following: any changes in the levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, conjugated bilirrubin, gammaglobulin, gammaglutamyltranspeptidase, albumin, platelet count; alkaline phosphatase levels >1.5 times the normal value, or prothrombin time below 70% and above 60%]. Fourty-nine patients were submitted to liver biopsy, blood analysis of PIIIP, hyaluronic acid, besides liver function tests. RESULTS: Liver function tests were not associated with tissular fibrosis, as assessed by ALT (>1.5 times above normal, fibrosis risk=18.8%; RACIONAL: Marcadores sorológicos têm sido propostos para monitorar fibrose hepática em doença crônica do fígado. Dentre os marcadores de fibrose, ácido hialurônico e procolágeno tipo III têm sido estudados nestes pacientes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação de marcadores séricos de fibrose com achados histológicos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal prospectivo em doadores de sangue anti-HCV positivos. A população estudada incluiu homens e mulheres com idade entre 18-60 anos com provas de função hepática alteradas (níveis de alanina aminotransferase >1.5 vezes do normal e alterações de dois ou mais dos seguintes: qualquer alteração nos níveis de alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, bilirrubina conjugada, gamaglobulina, gamaglutamiltranspeptidase, albumina, plaquetas, níveis de fosfatase

  5. Plataforma productiva como fuerza del desarrollo endógeno del sector de manufacturas plásticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maryana Sandrea

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available La plataforma productiva de una localidad constituye un soporte a la actividad empresarial, en términos de infraestructura física y servicios conexos, que dependiendo de sus condiciones estimula o frena el desarrollo endógeno. En este contexto, el objetivo general de la investigación consiste en analizar las condiciones de la plataforma productiva como fomento al desarrollo endógeno, en el sector de manufacturas plásticas, utilizando básicamente los aportes de Vázquez (2005 y 2007. El estudio realizado es descriptivo y de campo, con un diseño transversal, no experimental, incluyendo una entrevista a 30 empresas, guiada con un formato estructurado. Entre los resultados destacan: el 56,7% de los entrevistados presentan una posición desfavorable, en cuanto a las condiciones de la plataforma de apoyo al proceso productivo como estímulo al desarrollo del sector en la región, un 63,4% de los consultados afirman que la infraestructura física para el traslado de mercancías no favorecen la actividad del sector. La mayoría (76,7% de los entrevistados consideró que el funcionamiento de los servicios administrativos del gobierno, constituye un soporte valioso a las actividades empresariales, especialmente en cuanto a la posibilidad de realizar trámites vía Internet. Para la mayoría de las empresas consideradas (60%, el desarrollo urbano del territorio se presenta como una fuerza relativamente débil en el entorno productivo. Se concluye, que la relativa debilidad de ésta fuerza en la región, obedece a las deficiencias en las condiciones de la infraestructura económica, en particular al mantenimiento de la red de carreteras secundarias, así como en la prestación del servicio eléctrico, mientras que la infraestructura institucional resultó fortalecida, por tanto, para elevar el grado de desarrollo será necesario realizar intervenciones a fin de mejorar las condiciones de la infraestructura económica.

  6. Plataforma productiva como fuerza del desarrollo endógeno del sector de manufacturas plásticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maryana Sandrea

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available La plataforma productiva de una localidad constituye un soporte a la actividad empresarial, en términos de infraestructura física y servicios conexos, que dependiendo de sus condiciones estimula o frena el desarrollo endógeno. En este contexto, el objetivo general de la investigación consiste en analizar las condiciones de la plataforma productiva como fomento al desarrollo endógeno, en el sector de manufacturas plásticas, utilizando básicamente los aportes de Vázquez (2005 y 2007. El estudio realizado es descriptivo y de campo, con un diseño transversal, no experimental, incluyendo una entrevista a 30 empresas, guiada con un formato estructurado. Entre los resultados destacan: el 56,7% de los entrevistados presentan una posición desfavorable, en cuanto a las condiciones de la plataforma de apoyo al proceso productivo como estímulo al desarrollo del sector en la región, un 63,4% de los consultados afirman que la infraestructura física para el traslado de mercancías no favorecen la actividad del sector. La mayoría(76,7% de los entrevistados consideró que el funcionamiento de los servicios administrativos del gobierno, constituye un soporte valioso a las actividades empresariales, especialmente en cuanto a la posibilidad de realizar trámites vía Internet.Para la mayoría de las empresas consideradas (60%, el desarrollo urbano del territorio se presenta como una fuerza relativamente débil en el entorno productivo.Se concluye, que la relativa debilidad de ésta fuerza en la región, obedece a las deficiencias en las condiciones de la infraestructura económica, en particular al mantenimiento de la red de carreteras secundarias, así como en la prestación del servicio eléctrico, mientras que la infraestructura institucional resultó fortalecida, por tanto, para elevar el grado de desarrollo será necesario realizar intervenciones a fin de mejorar las condiciones de la infraestructura económica.

  7. Uso de fibrinógeno humano en la generación de soportes para la obtención de equivalentes tisulares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dionisio Malagón

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Título en ingles: Use of human fibrinogen in the generation of scaffold for obtaining Tissue equivalents Resumen Desde sus orígenes, la Ingeniería de Tejidos ha buscado diversos materiales que puedan ser utilizados para la generación de soportes que sirvan para el anclaje, proliferación y diferenciación celular que conduzcan a la obtención de tejidos humanos. Muchos materiales de tipo cerámico, polimérico y metálico se han evaluado, pero hasta la fecha muchos de ellos han sido rechazados por diversas razones, entre otras su escasa biocompatibilidad y biodegradabilidad, la respuesta inmune generada, la baja resistencia mecánica o el riesgo de transmisión de virus o priones. El fibrinógeno es una proteína presente en el plasma sanguíneo que puede ser utilizada para la generación de soportes tridimensionales que favorezcan el crecimiento de células; se obtiene a partir del propio paciente, bancos de sangre o como proteína purificada (Tisseel® o Tissucol®, Laboratorios Baxter. El fibrinógeno evita el desencadenamiento de una respuesta inmunológica y el uso de productos xenogénicos. Debido a la estructura proteica, la adhesión y proliferación celular se ven favorecidas dando excelentes resultados en la generación de equivalentes de piel, cartílago, córnea y reemplazos cardiacos en aplicaciones in vitro e in vivo. Como desventajas presenta su rápida degradación y su baja resistencia mecánica; sin embargo, en los últimos años se han venido evaluando mezclas con algunos biopolímeros como ácido poliláctico (PLLA, ácido poli-glicólico (PGA y alginato de sodio. Esta revisión presenta algunas de las principales aplicaciones del fibrinógeno en Ingeniería de Tejidos. Palabras clave: fibrina, cultivos celulares, biomaterial, hidrogel, proteína. Abstract Since its origin, Tissue Engineering has sought various materials that can be used for generation of scaffolds that serve to anchor, proliferation and cell

  8. Individual and family strengths: an examination of the relation to disease management and metabolic control in youth with type 1 diabetes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mackey, Eleanor Race; Hilliard, Marisa E; Berger, Sarah Shafer; Streisand, Randi; Chen, Rusan; Holmes, Clarissa

    2011-12-01

    We examined the association of youths' positive qualities, family cohesion, disease management, and metabolic control in Type 1 diabetes. Two-hundred fifty-seven youth-parent dyads completed the Family Cohesion subscale of the Family Environment Scale, the Diabetes Behavior Rating Scale, 24-hour diabetes interview, and youth completed the Positive Qualities subscale of the Youth Self Report (YSR-PQ). Structural equation modeling demonstrated that YSR-PQ scores were associated with metabolic control mediated by associations with more family cohesion and better disease management. That is, youth with higher YSR-PQ scores had more cohesive families, better disease management, and, indirectly, better metabolic control. Family cohesion was indirectly associated with better metabolic control mediated by its association with better disease management, but not mediated by its association with YSR-PQ scores. Youth who reported more positive qualities, as measured by the YSR-PQ subscale, had better disease management and metabolic control through the association with more family cohesion. However, the current results did not support an alternative hypothesis that cohesive families display better diabetes management mediated by higher YSR-PQ scores.

  9. Remoción de cromo y demanda química de oxígeno de aguas residuales de curtiembre por electrocoagulación

    OpenAIRE

    Mayta, Roddy; Mayta, Jhony

    2017-01-01

    Se estudió la remoción de cromo III y demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) de muestras de aguas residuales de curtiduría por electrocoagulación (EC) en un reactor electroquímico de operación discontinua. La influencia de los tiempos (15 a 45 min), voltajes (5 a 10 V), diluciones (0 a 2) y sus interacciones en el proceso de EC fueron significativos (p

  10. Moisture supply in Danish single-family houses – the influence of occupant behaviour and type of room

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Møller, Eva B.; Hansen, Ernst Jan de Place

    2017-01-01

    According to ISO 13788, the internal moisture supply in dwellings can be described by humidity classes defined by outdoor temperature, occupancy and ventilation. Hygrothermal measurements in indoor air in 500 Danish single-family houses were made to investigate if this corresponds with reality....... The study focuses on the dependency of number and age of occupants, occupants’ time spent in the house, square meters living space, ventilation habits and type of room. Moisture supply depends on the type of room; bathroom, basement and living room have the highest values. None of the other parameters seems...

  11. Ação antagônica e de metabólitos bioativos de Trichoderma spp. contra os patógenos Sclerotium rolfsii e Verticillium dahliae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carolina Oliveira Isaias

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available O efeito antagônico exercido por fungos do gênero Trichoderma foi avaliado contra os fitopatógenos Sclerotium rolfsii e Verticillium dahliae, isolados de áster ornamental e morangueiro, respectivamente. Utilizaram-se 20 isolados do antagonista, pertencentes às espécies T. asperellum, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. spirale e Trichoderma sp. O antagonismo foi verificado por meio de testes de culturas pareadas e produção de metabólitos bioativos pelo método de sobreposição de placas. A maioria dos isolados exibiu efeito inibitório sobre o crescimento micelial de S. rolfsii e V. dahliae quando comparado com as testemunhas. Excetuando-se os testes de produção de metabólitos não-voláteis, verificou-se maior ação inibitória contra V. dahliae. Mesmo os metabólitos não-voláteis termoestáveis apresentaram efeito inibitório contra ambos os patógenos testados, mostrando que os metabólitos secundários do antagonista exercem efeito significativo sobre essas espécies patogênicas.

  12. Psychosocial Adjustment and Family Relationships: A Typology of Italian Families with a Late Adolescent.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Scabini, Eugenia; Lanz, Margherita; Marta, Elena

    1999-01-01

    Derived a typology of family relationships for 692 Italian families with at least 1 late adolescent child and studied differences between the 2 extreme types (out of 8 identified) in terms of family satisfaction and adequate functioning. Results show a better communication process in the more satisfied families. (SLD)

  13. Evaluation of the genotypic prediction of HIV-1 coreceptor use versus a phenotypic assay and correlation with the virological response to maraviroc: the ANRS GenoTropism study.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Recordon-Pinson, Patricia; Soulié, Cathia; Flandre, Philippe; Descamps, Diane; Lazrek, Mouna; Charpentier, Charlotte; Montes, Brigitte; Trabaud, Mary-Anne; Cottalorda, Jacqueline; Schneider, Véronique; Morand-Joubert, Laurence; Tamalet, Catherine; Desbois, Delphine; Macé, Muriel; Ferré, Virginie; Vabret, Astrid; Ruffault, Annick; Pallier, Coralie; Raymond, Stéphanie; Izopet, Jacques; Reynes, Jacques; Marcelin, Anne-Geneviève; Masquelier, Bernard

    2010-08-01

    Genotypic algorithms for prediction of HIV-1 coreceptor usage need to be evaluated in a clinical setting. We aimed at studying (i) the correlation of genotypic prediction of coreceptor use in comparison with a phenotypic assay and (ii) the relationship between genotypic prediction of coreceptor use at baseline and the virological response (VR) to a therapy including maraviroc (MVC). Antiretroviral-experienced patients were included in the MVC Expanded Access Program if they had an R5 screening result with Trofile (Monogram Biosciences). V3 loop sequences were determined at screening, and coreceptor use was predicted using 13 genotypic algorithms or combinations of algorithms. Genotypic predictions were compared to Trofile; dual or mixed (D/M) variants were considered as X4 variants. Both genotypic and phenotypic results were obtained for 189 patients at screening, with 54 isolates scored as X4 or D/M and 135 scored as R5 with Trofile. The highest sensitivity (59.3%) for detection of X4 was obtained with the Geno2pheno algorithm, with a false-positive rate set up at 10% (Geno2pheno10). In the 112 patients receiving MVC, a plasma viral RNA load of <50 copies/ml was obtained in 68% of cases at month 6. In multivariate analysis, the prediction of the X4 genotype at baseline with the Geno2pheno10 algorithm including baseline viral load and CD4 nadir was independently associated with a worse VR at months 1 and 3. The baseline weighted genotypic sensitivity score was associated with VR at month 6. There were strong arguments in favor of using genotypic coreceptor use assays for determining which patients would respond to CCR5 antagonist.

  14. Estudio de flujos verticales de carbono y nitrógeno en ambientes acuáticos controlados en la bahía de Knebel, Dinamarca utilizando isótopos estables de nitrógeno y carbono (15N y 13C A study of the vertical flow of carbon and nitrogen in controlled aquatic environments at the Knebel Bay, Denmark, with the use of the stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon (15N y 13C

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    GIOVANNI DANERI

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se utilizaron isótopos estables como trazadores para caracterizar y cuantificar el flujo vertical de carbono y nitrógeno. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en la bahía de Knebel, Dinamarca (56 08' N, 10 11' E, en dos ambientes acuáticos controlados tipo mesocosmos. La adición de nutrientes inorgánicos estimuló el afloramiento del flagelado no-tóxico Prorocentrum minimum, determinando un comportamiento similar en las mediciones de clorofila a (Clo-a, nitrógeno orgánico particulado (NOP y carbono orgánico particulado (COP en ambos mesocosmos. Bajo condiciones no limitantes de nutrientes inorgánicos existió una baja discriminación isotópica resultando en bajos valores de delta13C en el COP en suspensión y sedimentado. El desfase entre los máximos de NOP, Clo-a y COP así como la rápida asimilación del nitrato adicionado en menos de tres días y una razón C/N variable indican que P. minimum posee una gran habilidad para asimilar nitrógeno inorgánico. La razón C/N alcanzó un mínimo al inicio del experimento, para luego aumentar una vez agotado el nitrato de la columna de agua. El nitrógeno nuevo sedimentado alcanzó un 10 a 11 % del total originalmente adicionado a la columna de agua en la forma de nitrato, sin que se observara una sedimentación masiva de P. minimum durante los días de duración de este experimentoStable isotopes were used as tracers to characterize and quantify the downward flux of carbon and nitrogen. The experiments were conducted in Knebel bay, Denmark (56 08' N, 10 11' E, in two controlled aquatic environments (mesocosm type. The addition of inorganic nutrients to the mesocosms stimulated a bloom of the non-toxic flagellate Prorocentrum minimum. A similar pattern in the concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl-a, particulate organic nitrogen (PON and particulate organic carbon (POC was observed in both mesocosms. The elevated nutrient conditions resulted in low isotopic discrimination

  15. Comparison of clinical features between suspected familial colorectal cancer type X and Lynch syndrome in Japanese patients with colorectal cancer: a cross-sectional study conducted by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yamaguchi, Tatsuro; Furukawa, Yoichi; Nakamura, Yusuke; Matsubara, Nagahide; Ishikawa, Hideki; Arai, Masami; Tomita, Naohiro; Tamura, Kazuo; Sugano, Kokichi; Ishioka, Chikashi; Yoshida, Teruhiko; Moriya, Yoshihiro; Ishida, Hideyuki; Watanabe, Toshiaki; Sugihara, Kenichi

    2015-02-01

    The characteristics of familial colorectal cancer type X are poorly defined. Here we aimed to clarify the differences in clinical features between suspected familial colorectal cancer type X and Lynch syndrome in Japanese patients. We performed germline mutation analyses of mismatch repair genes in 125 patients. Patients who met the Amsterdam Criteria I but lacked mismatch repair gene mutations were diagnosed with suspected familial colorectal cancer type X. We identified 69 patients with Lynch syndrome and 25 with suspected familial colorectal cancer type X. The frequencies of gastric and extracolonic Lynch syndrome-associated cancers were lower with suspected familial colorectal cancer type X than with Lynch syndrome. The number of organs with Lynch syndrome-associated cancer was significantly lower with suspected familial colorectal cancer type X than with Lynch syndrome. The cumulative incidence of extracolonic Lynch syndrome-associated cancer was significantly lower with suspected familial colorectal cancer type X than with Lynch syndrome. We estimated that the median cancer risk in 60-year-old patients with Lynch syndrome was 89, 36 and 24% for colorectal, endometrial and gastric cancers, respectively. Analyses of family members, including probands, revealed that the median age at diagnosis of extracolonic Lynch syndrome-associated cancer was significantly older with suspected familial colorectal cancer type X than with Lynch syndrome. The frequency of extracolonic Lynch syndrome-associated cancer was significantly lower with suspected familial colorectal cancer type X than with Lynch syndrome. A significant difference in extracolonic Lynch syndrome-associated cancer was evident between suspected familial colorectal cancer type X and Lynch syndrome. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  16. Kernel based machine learning algorithm for the efficient prediction of type III polyketide synthase family of proteins

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mallika V

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Type III Polyketide synthases (PKS are family of proteins considered to have significant role in the biosynthesis of various polyketides in plants, fungi and bacteria. As these proteins show positive effects to human health, more researches are going on regarding this particular protein. Developing a tool to identify the probability of sequence, being a type III polyketide synthase will minimize the time consumption and manpower efforts. In this approach, we have designed and implemented PKSIIIpred, a high performance prediction server for type III PKS where the classifier is Support Vector Machine (SVM. Based on the limited training dataset, the tool efficiently predicts the type III PKS superfamily of proteins with high sensitivity and specificity. PKSIIIpred is available at http://type3pks.in/prediction/. We expect that this tool may serve as a useful resource for type III PKS researchers. Currently work is being progressed for further betterment of prediction accuracy by including more sequence features in the training dataset.

  17. FERTILIZACIÓN CON NITRÓGENO, FÓSFORO Y POTASIO EN UN LATIZAL DE Pinus patula Schl. et Cham.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha O. Lázaro-Dzul

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Las masas forestales enfrentan el problema de productividad, la cual demanda que se incremente en cantidad y calidad. El crecimiento forestal depende de varios factores, entre ellos, el edáfico, que actúa sobre el árbol mediante el agua y los elementos minerales. Se incrementa la productividad forestal al mejorar la disponibilidad nutrimental mediante la fertilización. Consecuentemente, la finalidad de este trabajo fue estudiar la fertilización con nitrógeno (0, 138,185, fósforo (0, 15, 21 y potasio (0, 123,164 kg·ha-1 con relación al crecimiento de follaje nuevo, mediante un experimento factorial 33 en una plantación de Pinus patula Schl. et Cham. de 10 años de edad, en Aquixtla, Puebla, durante 2009-2010. La tasa relativa de crecimiento instantáneo (TCRI en volumen de follaje nuevo fue mejor (0.0255 mL·mL-1·día-1 con la dosis 185-0-0 kg·ha-1 de NPK, y la TCRI de peso seco fue mejor (0.0254 y 0.0249 g·g-1·día-1, respectivamente con las dosis 138-0-123 y 138-0-0. Se determinó deficiencia de nitrógeno, que se atribuyó a la acidez edáfica y a la lenta mineralización de la materia orgánica. La dosis recomendada para las condiciones edáficas y climáticas del sitio experimental fue 185-0-0 kg·ha-1 NPK para volumen de follaje nuevo y 138-0-0 kg·ha-1 de NPK para peso seco.

  18. Family Density and SES Related to Diabetes Management and Glycemic Control in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Caccavale, Laura J; Weaver, Patrick; Chen, Rusan; Streisand, Randi; Holmes, Clarissa S

    2015-06-01

    Youth with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) from single-parent families have poorer glycemic control; a finding confounded with socioeconomic status (SES). Family density (FD), or youth:adult ratio, may better characterize family risk status. Structural equation modeling assessed the relation of single-parent status, SES, and FD to parenting stress, diabetes-related conflict, parental monitoring, adherence, and glycemic control using cross-sectional parent and youth data (n = 257). Single-parent status exhibited similar relations as SES and was removed. Lower FD was associated with better glycemic control (β = -.29, p = .014) via less conflict (β = .17, p = .038) and greater adherence (β = -.54, p single-parent status were indistinguishable from those of SES. FD provides distinct information related to adolescent glycemic control. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  19. [Expression of mutation type GJA8 gene and wild type GJA8 gene of a congenital inherited nuclear cataract family in eukaryotic cells].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zheng, Jian-qiu; Liu, Ping; Wang, Jian-wen; Liu, Jian-ju

    2010-04-20

    To clone the sequence of mutation type GJA8 gene (mGJA8) and wild type GJA8 gene (wGJA8) of a congenital inherited nuclear cataract family and study their expression in eukaryotic cell lines in vitro. The mGJA8 and wGJA8 were amplified from this family's DNA and healthy people's DNA by PCR respectively. The mGJA8 and wGJA8 were recombined with plasmid pEGFP-N1 respectively. The accuracy of pEGFP-N1-GJA8 was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Finally pEGFP-N1- mGJA8 and pEGFP-N1- wGJA8 and GFP protein were transfected into COS7 cells by lipofectin. The expression of pEGFP-N1-GJA8 and GFP fusion protein were to observe under fluorescence microscope, and to detect by Western-blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The mGJA8 and wGJA8 were cloned successfully. With restricting enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing, recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-mGJA8 and pEGFP-N1-wGJA8 were constructed correctly and their GFP fusions were expressed in transfected COS7 cells. The expression of pEGFP-N1-mGJA8 and pEGFP-N1-wGJA8 fusion protein were observed under fluorescence microscope, and detected by Western-blotting and immunohistochemical staining successfully. The mGJA8 gene and wGJA8 gene are cloned successfully, and pEGFP-N1-mGJA8 and pEGFP-N1-mGJA8 fusion protein can be expressed in COS7 cells, which establish the foundation for further studying the mechanism of this congenital inherited nuclear cataract family.

  20. REMOCIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE MATERIA ORGÁNICA, NITRÓGENO Y FÓSFORO EN UN SISTEMA TIPO ANAEROBIO-ANÓXICO-AEROBIO BIOLOGICAL REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN A SYSTEM TYPE ANAEROBIC- ANOXIC -AEROBIC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Maribel González

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo muestra los resultados experimentales de una serie de procesos biológicos unitarios para la remoción conjunta de materia orgánica (MO, nitrógeno (N y fósforo (P, empleando un sustrato sintético similar al agua residual doméstica de concentración media. Se utilizó un sistema tipo A2O (anaerobio-anóxico-aerobio, que se desarrolló en dos etapas. La etapa preliminar duró 60 días y comprendió, además de la aclimatación del lodo biológico, el ensayo de espuma de poliuretano, como material de soporte en la etapa aerobia. La etapa secundaria duró 280 días más, en los que el sistema alcanzó una estabilidad, lográndose un aumento notable en las eficiencias promedio de remoción de 92,5 % en materia orgánica, 87,7 % en nitrógeno y 83,5 % en fósforo. Se realizó un seguimiento permanente a parámetros tales como el oxígeno disuelto (OD y el potencial de óxido reducción (ORP, que variaron de acuerdo con el proceso correspondiente a cada unidad de tratamiento, y el pH, que permaneció en valores superiores a 7,2 unidades, garantizando la viabilidad del proceso de nitrificacióndesnitrificación. Adicionalmente, se realizó un estudio hidráulico con trazadores para evaluar el efecto del material de soporte en el régimen hidráulico de la unidad aerobia.Experimental results from a series of biological unitary processes for the simultaneous removal of organic matter (OM, nitrogen (N and phosphorus (P are shown in this study. A synthetic substrate similar to a domestic wastewater of average concentration was used. The experimental development was made using an A2O system (anoxic-aerobic-anaerobic performed in two phases. The preliminary stage lasted 60 days and included, besides the acclimatization of the biological sludge, the examination of polyurethane foam as a support medium in the aerobic phase. In the secondary stage, the stability was rapidly reached; this phase lasted 280 more days; a significant increase of the

  1. A inter-relação das sialomucinas (antígenos Tn e Stn com o adenocarcinoma no esôfago de Barrett Relationship of the sialomucins (Tn and Stn antigens with adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Plínio Conte de Faria Júnior

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available OBJETIVO: O esôfago de Barrett (EB é conseqüência do refluxo gastroesofágico crônico e considerado fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de adenocarcinoma. Estudos do muco, em especial das mucinas ácidas representadas pelas sialomucinas presentes nas células caliciformes, mostraram que na metaplasia do tipo intestinal, o epitélio do órgão pode expressar antígenos denominados Tn e Stn. Estes antígenos já foram analisados em tumores gástricos e colônicos, porém não foram encontradas referências à sua utilização no EB. Este trabalho objetivou analisar estes antígenos em doentes com EB e em adenocarcinoma associado ao EB. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, utilizando testes imunohistoquímicos, os antígenos Tn e Stn, nas biópsias endoscópicas de 29 doentes com EB, sete com adenocarcinoma no EB, além de oito indivíduos com epitélio esofágico normal. RESULTADOS: Nas células caliciformes, foi observada positividade para Stn em 100% dos casos e para Tn em 48% dos casos. Nas células colunares, o Stn foi sempre negativo, enquanto o Tn foi positivo em 100% dos casos. Entretanto, nos doentes com adenocarcinoma no EB, a positividade para ambos os antígenos foi de 100%. Nos indivíduos normais, houve positividade para o antígeno Tn e negatividade para Stn em todos os casos (100%. CONCLUSÃO: É provável que nos doentes com EB a positividade para o Tn, à semelhança do ocorrido quanto à positividade do mesmo antígeno nos portadores de adenocarcinoma, possa significar maior suscetibilidade para ocorrência futura de câncer. Assim, a pesquisa das sialomucinas poderá ser rotineiramente utilizada, contribuindo como fator prognóstico para desenvolvimento de adenocarcinoma no EB.OBJECIVE: Barrett's esophagus (BE is a consequence of chronic gastroesophageal reflux and is considered a risk factor for adenocarcinoma. The study of the mucus, especially acid mucins, such as the sialomucins in the goblet cells which characterize BE, showed

  2. Identification of Heat Shock Protein families and J-protein types by incorporating Dipeptide Composition into Chou's general PseAAC.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahmad, Saeed; Kabir, Muhammad; Hayat, Maqsood

    2015-11-01

    Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are the substantial ingredients for cell growth and viability, which are found in all living organisms. HSPs manage the process of folding and unfolding of proteins, the quality of newly synthesized proteins and protecting cellular homeostatic processes from environmental stress. On the basis of functionality, HSPs are categorized into six major families namely: (i) HSP20 or sHSP (ii) HSP40 or J-proteins types (iii) HSP60 or GroEL/ES (iv) HSP70 (v) HSP90 and (vi) HSP100. Identification of HSPs family and sub-family through conventional approaches is expensive and laborious. It is therefore, highly desired to establish an automatic, robust and accurate computational method for prediction of HSPs quickly and reliably. Regard, a computational model is developed for the prediction of HSPs family. In this model, protein sequences are formulated using three discrete methods namely: Split Amino Acid Composition, Pseudo Amino Acid Composition, and Dipeptide Composition. Several learning algorithms are utilized to choice the best one for high throughput computational model. Leave one out test is applied to assess the performance of the proposed model. The empirical results showed that support vector machine achieved quite promising results using Dipeptide Composition feature space. The predicted outcomes of proposed model are 90.7% accuracy for HSPs dataset and 97.04% accuracy for J-protein types, which are higher than existing methods in the literature so far. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Eliminación de patógenos en biosólidos por estabilización alcalina Eliminating pathogens in biosolids by alkaline stabilization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Torres Lozada

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available La Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Cañaveralejo -PTAR-C de Cali- Colombia, produce alrededor de 100 t/día de biosólidos que, aunque no tienen restricción por metales pesados, son clase B por el nivel de microorganismos patógenos y parásitos. En un diseño completamente al azar, conformado por seis tratamientos con su respectivo duplicado, se evaluó la estabilización alcalina con dosis del 9% peso a peso de cal viva e hidratada, aplicada a pilas de 0.5 t de biosólidos húmedos (66.5% y secos a temperatura ambiente (25 - 31°C durante 72 h (humedad 50.1%. Con la estabilización alcalina el pH aumentó a valores superiores a 12 unidades durante el tiempo suficiente para garantizar la reducción de patógenos y parásitos, alcanzando un material clase A; sin embargo, el biosólido seco facilitó la formación de grumos que dificultaron las labores de homogenización del sustrato con los alcalinizantes, factor indeseable para la eficiente reducción de patógenos.The Cañaveralejo wastewater treatment plant (PTAR-C based in Cali-Colombia, produces almost 100 t-day-1 of biosolids. Although do not have heavy metals restrictions, it is class B for high contents of pathogens microorganisms and parasites. The alkali stabilization was done with a 9% of dose (w/w of quicklime and hydrated lime applied to different 0.5 ton piles of wet biosolids (66.5% humidity and dry biosolids an environmental temperature (25-31°C for 72 hours (50.1% humidity. The experiment had a completely randomized design and it was composed by 6 treatments with their respective duplicated. With the alkali stabilization, the pH increments above 12 units during enough time to assure pathogens and parasites reduction in order to achieve a class A material level. On the other hand, the dry biosolids facilitate the conditions for lumps formation that reduce the homogenization of the substrate with the alkali material, which it is and undesirable factor for pathogen

  4. Granuloma piógeno de localización atípica: reporte de casos y revisión de la literatura

    OpenAIRE

    León Camacho, María; Yépez Guillén, Jenair del Valle; Parra Márquez, Oswaldo; Hernández V., Manuel E.

    2012-01-01

    El granuloma piógeno es una lesión mucocutánea benigna no neoplásica que afecta a tejidos periodontales y en menor grado a otras zonas de la cavidad bucal. Es una hiperplasia inflamatoria que usualmente muestra una superficie ulcerada, asociada a agentes traumáticos y a la contaminación con microflora y fluidos bucales. Esta patología se describe como el desarrollo reactivo focal de tejido fibrovascular o de granulación, con proliferación endotelial importante. El objetivo del ...

  5. Mecanismos Moleculares de la Sensibilidad Aguda al Oxígeno en los Quimiorreceptores Arteriales: Función del Complejo I Mitocondrial.

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández-Agüera Rodríguez, María del Carmen

    2017-01-01

    El oxígeno (O2) es una molécula esencial para la vida de los animales debido a su metabolismo celular aeróbico, ya que la energía necesaria para realizar las funciones vitales la obtienen, principalmente, de la mitocondria mediante la fosforilación oxidativa; un proceso que requiere O2 como aceptor final de electrones. La falta de O2, aunque sólo sea de manera focalizada y transitoria, puede dañar gravemente los tejidos. A lo largo de la evol...

  6. Novel association of neurofibromatosis type 1-causing mutations in families with neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ekvall, Sara; Sjörs, Kerstin; Jonzon, Anders; Vihinen, Mauno; Annerén, Göran; Bondeson, Marie-Louise

    2014-03-01

    Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome (NFNS) is a rare condition with clinical features of both neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and Noonan syndrome (NS). All three syndromes belong to the RASopathies, which are caused by dysregulation of the RAS-MAPK pathway. The major gene involved in NFNS is NF1, but co-occurring NF1 and PTPN11 mutations in NFNS have been reported. Knowledge about possible involvement of additional RASopathy-associated genes in NFNS is, however, very limited. We present a comprehensive clinical and molecular analysis of eight affected individuals from three unrelated families displaying features of NF1 and NFNS. The genetic etiology of the clinical phenotypes was investigated by mutation analysis, including NF1, PTPN11, SOS1, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, RAF1, SHOC2, SPRED1, MAP2K1, MAP2K2, and CBL. All three families harbored a heterozygous NF1 variant, where the first family had a missense variant, c.5425C>T;p.R1809C, the second family a recurrent 4bp-deletion, c.6789_6792delTTAC;p.Y2264Tfs*6, and the third family a splice-site variant, c.2991-1G>A, resulting in skipping of exon 18 and an in-frame deletion of 41 amino acids. These NF1 variants have all previously been reported in NF1 patients. Surprisingly, both c.6789_6792delTTAC and c.2991-1G>A are frequently associated with NF1, but association to NFNS has, to our knowledge, not previously been reported. Our results support the notion that NFNS represents a variant of NF1, genetically distinct from NS, and is caused by mutations in NF1, some of which also cause classical NF1. Due to phenotypic overlap between NFNS and NS, we propose screening for NF1 mutations in NS patients, preferentially when café-au-lait spots are present. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  7. [Analysis of SOX10 gene mutation in a family affected with Waardenburg syndrome type II].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zheng, Lei; Yan, Yousheng; Chen, Xue; Zhang, Chuan; Zhang, Qinghua; Feng, Xuan; Hao, Shen

    2018-02-10

    OBJECTIVE To detect potential mutation of SOX10 gene in a pedigree affected with Warrdenburg syndrome type II. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the proband and his family members. Exons and flanking sequences of MITF, PAX3, SOX10, SNAI2, END3 and ENDRB genes were analyzed by chip capturing and high throughput sequencing. Suspected mutations were verified with Sanger sequencing. RESULTS A c.127C>T (p.R43X) mutation of the SOX10 gene was detected in the proband, for which both parents showed a wild-type genotype. CONCLUSION The c.127C>T (p.R43X) mutation of SOX10 gene probably underlies the ocular symptoms and hearing loss of the proband.

  8. A family with unusual Waardenburg syndrome type I (WSI), cleft lip (palate), and Hirschsprung disease is not linked to PAX 3.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pierpont, J W; St Jacques, D; Seaver, L H; Erickson, R P

    1995-03-01

    An unusual family with Waardenburg syndrome type 1 (WSI), cleft lip (palate), and Hirschsprung disease is not linked to the PAX 3 gene since there is an obligate crossover which has occurred between PAX 3 DNA markers and the disorder in this family. This family may also have anticipation of the WSI traits as the proband's grandmother is nonpenetrant, his mother has dystopia canthorum, and severe cleft lip (palate), while the proband has dystopia canthorum, severe cleft lip (palate), and Hirschsprung disease. Thus, a locus other than PAX 3 is implicated in this Waardenburg-like syndrome with Hirschsprung disease and cleft lip (palate).

  9. Predictors of associated autoimmune diseases (AAID) in families with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Results from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wägner, Ana M; Santana, Ángelo; Hernández, Marta; Wiebe, Julia C; Nóvoa, Javier; Mauricio, Didac

    2011-01-01

    Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a clinically heterogeneous disease. The presence of associated autoimmune diseases (AAID) may represent a distinct form of autoimmune diabetes, with involvement of specific mechanisms. The aim of this study was to find predictors of AAID in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) data set. Methods 3263 families with at least 2 siblings with T1D were included. Clinical information was obtained using questionnaires, anti-GAD and anti-IA-2 were measured and HLA-genotyping was performed. Siblings with T1D with and without AAID were compared and a multivariate regression analysis was performed to find predictors of AAID. T1D-associated HLA haplotypes were defined as the 4 most susceptible and protective, respectively. Results AAID was present in 14.4% of the T1D affected siblings. Age of diabetes onset, current age and time since diagnosis were higher, and there was a female predominance and more family history of AAID in the group with AAID, as well as more frequent anti-GAD and less frequent anti-IA2 positivity. Risk and protective HLA haplotype distributions were similar, though DRB1*0301-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 was more frequent in the group with AAID. In the multivariate analysis, female gender, age of onset, family history of AAID, time since diagnosis and anti-GAD positivity were significantly associated with AAID. Conclusions In patients with T1D, the presence of AAID is associated with female predominance, more frequent family history of AAID, later onset of T1D and more anti-GAD antibodies, despite longer duration of the disease. The predominance of certain HLA haplotypes suggests that specific mechanisms of disease may be involved. PMID:21744463

  10. The feasibility of using antigens prepared with rough Brucella strains for diagnosis of canine brucellosis Utilidad de los antígenos preparados con cepas rugosas de Brucella en el diagnóstico de brucelosis canina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    G. I. Escobar

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Clinical diagnosis of canine brucellosis is not sensitive enough and a negative blood culture cannot rule out the disease. Indirect methods of serological testing such as agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID, rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT and indirect enzyme linked immunoassay (IELISA are preferred for routine diagnosis. Since Brucella canis shares antigenic components with the Brucella ovis and Brucella abortus RB51 strain, it would seem that either strain could be used as antigen. We present data on AGID and IELISA tests using the B. ovis antigen, RSAT and IELISA using the B. canis antigen and IELISA using the B. abortus RB51 antigen. The cut-off values were adjusted by the ROC analysis; the IELISA-B. ovis cut-off value was 23 (%P and the IELISA-B. abortus RB51, 24 (%P, with 100% sensitivity and 98.8% specificity. RSAT detected 100% of positive cases, while AGID was less sensitive. The sera from dogs treated with antibiotic showed that %P correlated well with the clinical course. Sera from dogs presumptively infected with B. suis were negative in all tests performed with the rough Brucella strains. RSAT is a very sensitive screening test and IELISA-B. canis, B. ovis and B. abortus RB51 could be used as confirmatory tests, since they show good specificity and sensitivity.Las técnicas más usadas en el diagnóstico de brucelosis canina son la inmunodifusión en gel de agar (AGID, la microaglutinación en portaobjetos (RSAT y el ELISA indirecto ya que el diagnóstico clínico es poco sensible y el bacteriológico no excluye la enfermedad. Como Brucella canis comparte componentes antigénicos con Brucella ovis y Brucella abortus RB51, estas cepas podrían ser usadas indistintamente como antígenos. En este trabajo presentamos datos sobre las pruebas de AGID e IELISA con antígeno B. ovis, RSAT e IELISA con antígeno B. canis e IELISA con antígeno B. abortus RB51. Los puntos de corte ajustados con la curva ROC fueron (%P 23 para IELISA-B. ovis y

  11. Productos biocidas y su uso para el control de fitopatógenos y organismos plaga que afectan a plantas

    OpenAIRE

    González-Coloma, Azucena; Díaz, Carmen E.; Andrés, Mª Fé; Fraga, Braulio M.; Bolaños González, Patricia; Cabrera, Raimundo; Giménez Mariño, Cristina

    2014-01-01

    Productos biocidas y su uso para el control de fitopatógenos y organismos plaga que afectan a plantas. Las enfermedades y plagas constituyen un importante problema en el campo de la agricultura. La presente invención propone un nuevo compuesto de fórmula (I) con actividad biocida, aislado a partir del producto de fermentación de hongos endófitos del género Guignardia sp. La invención también se refiere al método de obtención del compuesto de fórmula (I), a un producto de fermentación que lo c...

  12. Family history of type 2 diabetes, abdominal adipocyte size and markers of the metabolic syndrome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anthanont, P; Ramos, P; Jensen, M D; Hames, K C

    2017-11-01

    A major risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a positive family history of diabetes. First degree relatives (FDR) of patients with T2DM are more insulin resistant and are reported to have larger abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes than adults without a family history. Our objectives were to assess whether FDR of T2DM are associated with larger abdominal adipocytes independent of age, sex and abdominal subcutaneous fat and to assess whether a family history of T2DM is also independently related to femoral adipocyte size, as well as visceral fat and fasting plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations. We extracted adipocyte size, body composition, plasma TG and demographic data of non-diabetic research participants of previous studies conducted in our laboratory. We ascertained the family history of T2DM from the electronic medical records. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess whether FDR of T2DM are more likely to have other risk factors after adjusting for known covariates. Of 604 participants, 148 were FDR of T2DM. Although abdominal and femoral adipocyte size was greater in FDR of T2DM than those without a family history (0.74±0.33 vs 0.63±0.33 μg lipid per cell, Phistory of T2DM was a significant predictor of abdominal adipocyte size after adjustment for age and body fat distribution parameters in females (total R 2 =0.5, Phistory of T2DM was not independently predictive of femoral adipocyte size, visceral fat area or TG. Female FDR of T2DM have larger abdominal, but not femoral, adipocytes, even after accounting for age and body fat distribution.

  13. Average happiness and dominant family type in Western Europe around 2000

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    G.R. Brulé (Gaël); R. Veenhoven (Ruut)

    2014-01-01

    textabstractResearch on the relation between family and happiness has focused on the micro level and considered the effects of an individual’s place in the family system, such as whether or not one is married and exchange of support with kin. Macro level differences in the family system as such have

  14. Holistic approach to prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a family setting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ofori SN

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Sandra N Ofori, Chioma N Unachukwu Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM is a chronic, progressive metabolic disorder with several complications that affect virtually all the systems in the human body. Type 2 DM (T2DM is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD. The management of T2DM is multifactorial, taking into account other major modifiable risk factors, like obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. A multidisciplinary team is essential to maximize the care of individuals with DM. DM self-management education and patient-centered care are the cornerstones of management in addition to effective lifestyle strategies and pharmacotherapy with individualization of glycemic goals. Robust evidence supports the effectiveness of this approach when implemented. Individuals with DM and their family members usually share a common lifestyle that, not only predisposes the non-DM members to developing DM but also, increases their collective risk for CVD. In treating DM, involvement of the entire family, not only improves the care of the DM individual but also, helps to prevent the risk of developing DM in the family members. Keywords: cardiovascular disease, multifactorial management

  15. Influência do estrógeno (17B-estradiol) no osso alveolar e na movimentação dentária em ratas, após remoção do aparelho ortodôntico

    OpenAIRE

    Park, Danielle Morello [UNESP

    2004-01-01

    A reabsorção óssea é um fator limitante que determina o grau de movimentação dentária induzida ortodonticamente. Vários hormônios, dentre os quais os estrógenos desempenham importante papel no equilíbrio entre formação e reabsorção óssea. Embora alguns trabalhos demonstrem relação direta entre os estrógenos e a movimentação ortodôntica, a influência destes hormônios na movimentação dentária após remoção do aparelho ortodôntico e na estrutura óssea alveolar durante esta fase ainda não foi escl...

  16. Identification of a missense mutation in the tyrosinase gene in a Chinese family with oculocutaneous albinism type 1.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Qian; Yuan, Lamei; Xu, Hongbo; Huang, Xiangjun; Yang, Zhijian; Yi, Junhui; Ni, Bin; Chen, Yong; Deng, Hao

    2017-03-01

    Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of heterogeneous and autosomal recessive disorders characterized by a reduction or complete loss of melanin biosynthesis in melanocytes. OCA type 1 (OCA1) is the most severe and common form of OCA, and is caused by mutations in the tyrosinase gene (TYR). The present study aimed to identify the genetic cause of OCA1 in a four‑generation consanguineous Chinese Han family. Complete physical examinations were performed and blood samples were collected from five members of the family and 100 unrelated healthy controls. Exome sequencing was conducted in the proband, followed by verification in other family members, using Sanger sequencing. Patients in the family presented with typical OCA1 features, including hypopigmentation of the skin and hair, and distinctive ocular changes. A homozygous missense variant, c.896G>A (p.R299H), in the TYR gene was identified in two patients, which co‑segregated with disease in the family. This variant was not present in the 100 healthy controls. These results expand the number of mutations identified to be responsible for OCA1 in the Chinese Han population, and may have implications for genetic counseling and clinical management of the disease.

  17. Impaired fat oxidation after a single high-fat meal in insulin-sensitive nondiabetic individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Heilbronn, Leonie K; Gregersen, Søren; Shirkhedkar, Deepali; Hu, Dachun; Campbell, Lesley V

    2007-08-01

    Individuals with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes have an impaired ability to switch appropriately between carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation. However, whether this is a cause or consequence of insulin resistance is unclear, and the mechanism(s) involved in this response is not completely elucidated. Whole-body fat oxidation and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle were measured after a prolonged fast and after consumption of either high-fat (76%) or high-carbohydrate (76%) meals in individuals with no family history of type 2 diabetes (control, n = 8) and in age- and fatness-matched individuals with a strong family history of type 2 diabetes (n = 9). Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed before and 3 h after each meal. Insulin sensitivity and fasting measures of fat oxidation were not different between groups. However, subjects with a family history of type 2 diabetes had an impaired ability to increase fatty acid oxidation in response to the high-fat meal (P FAT)/CD36 (P fat meal in both groups, but it was not changed after the high-carbohydrate meal. In conclusion, an impaired ability to increase fatty acid oxidation precedes the development of insulin resistance in genetically susceptible individuals. PGC1alpha and FAT/CD36 are likely candidates in mediating this response.

  18. Vertical transmission of macular telangiectasia type 2.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Delaere, Lien; Spielberg, Leigh; Leys, Anita M

    2012-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to report vertical transmission of macular telangiectasia type 2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 3 families. In this retrospective interventional case series, the charts of patients with inherited macular telangiectasia type 2 were reviewed. A large spectrum of presentations of macular telangiectasia type 2 was observed and has been studied with different techniques including best-corrected visual acuity, microperimetry, confocal blue reflectance fundus autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, and time domain and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Vertical transmission of macular telangiectasia type 2 and associated type 2 diabetes mellitus is described in 3 families. Symptomatic as well as asymptomatic eyes with macular telangiectasia type 2 were identified. In 2 families, a mother and son experienced visual loss and were diagnosed with macular telangiectasia type 2. All 4 patients had type 2 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy was observed in one mother and her son. In the third family, the index patient was diagnosed macular telangiectasia type 2 after complaints of metamorphopsia. She and her family members had type 2 diabetes mellitus, and further screening of her family revealed familial macular telangiectasia type 2. None of the patients were treated for macular telangiectasia type 2. Macular telangiectasia type 2 may be more common than previously assumed, as vision can remain preserved and patients may go undiagnosed. Screening of family members is indicated, and detection of mild anomalies is possible using fundus autofluorescence and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

  19. Frecuencia y tipos de toxinas superantígenos en Staphylococcus aureus de diferentes orígenes: relaciones con tipos genéticos

    OpenAIRE

    Fueyo Mendoza, José María

    2005-01-01

    Staphylococcus aureus de diferentes orígenes (muestras nasales de portadores humanos, alimentos manipulados, y leche de vacas con mastitis subclínica), recogidos en Asturias (1996-2002), han sido analizados mediante técnicas convencionales y moleculares para determinar la frecuencia y los tipos de genes de toxinas pirogénicas superantígenos (PTSAg) que portan y el polimorfismo de su ADN con objeto de establecer relaciones toxigénicas y genómicas entre aislamientos. La interrelación de los res...

  20. PCR identification of bacteria in blood culture does not fit the daily workflow of a routine microbiology laboratory.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Karumaa, Santra; Kärpänoja, Pauliina; Sarkkinen, Hannu

    2012-03-01

    We have evaluated the GenoType blood culture assay (Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany) for the identification of bacteria in 233 positive blood cultures and assessed its suitability in the workflow of a routine microbiology laboratory. In 68/233 (29.2%) samples, the culture result could not be confirmed by the GenoType assay due to a lack of primers in the test, multiple organisms in the sample, or inconsistency with respect to the identification by culture. Although the GenoType blood culture assay gives satisfactory results for bacteria for which primers are available, there are difficulties in applying the test in the routine microbiology laboratory.

  1. Personal values of exemplary family physicians: implications for professional satisfaction in family medicine.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eliason, B C; Schubot, D B

    1995-09-01

    Personal social values have been identified as important determinants of generalists' specialty choice. However, the personal values or "guiding principles" of generalist physicians have not been identified scientifically. To establish a benchmark, we measured the personal values of exemplary family physicians because they serve as role models for current and future physicians. We also explored the relationship between personal values and practice satisfaction. We obtained a list of 330 family physicians nominated for the American Academy of Family Physicians' (AAFP) Family Doctor of the Year award for the years 1988 through 1993. We asked them to complete the Schwartz Values Questionnaire, a 56-item instrument for measuring personal values. They also answered three questions concerning practice satisfaction. The return rate was 83%. The physicians' mean age was 63 years. They had been in practice an average of 34 years, 93% were male, and 52% practiced in rural areas. Honesty was rated as the most important of the 56 values, and social power as the least important. Of the 10 value types (groups of common values), the responding physicians rated "Benevolence" as most important and "Power" as least important. Practice satisfaction correlated positively with the Benevolence value type (r = .21, P = .001) and negatively with the Power value type (r = -.15, P = .023). Of the 10 value types, Benevolence was rated the most important and Power the least important by exemplary family physicians, and both value types also correlated, positively and negatively, respectively, with their practice satisfaction. These results have implications for the selection, training, and career satisfaction of generalist physicians.

  2. Loosely coupled class families

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ernst, Erik

    2001-01-01

    are expressed using virtual classes seem to be very tightly coupled internally. While clients have achieved the freedom to dynamically use one or the other family, it seems that any given family contains a xed set of classes and we will need to create an entire family of its own just in order to replace one...... of the members with another class. This paper shows how to express class families in such a manner that the classes in these families can be used in many dierent combinations, still enabling family polymorphism and ensuring type safety....

  3. Smooth School Transitions: Tips for Military Families

    Science.gov (United States)

    ... All Around Family Life Family Life Family Life Medical Home Family Dynamics Media Work & Play Getting Involved in Your ... Word Shop AAP Find a Pediatrician Family Life Medical Home Family Dynamics Adoption & Foster Care Communication & Discipline Types of ...

  4. Glutamate-system defects behind psychiatric manifestations in a familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 disease-mutation mouse model

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Bøttger, Pernille; Pedersen, Simon Glerup; Gesslein, Bodil

    2016-01-01

    Migraine is a complex brain disorder, and understanding the complexity of this prevalent disease could improve quality of life for millions of people. Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 2 (FHM2) is a subtype of migraine with aura and co-morbidities like epilepsy/seizures, cognitive impairments...... sex hormone cycle and the glutamate system and a link to co-morbid psychiatric manifestations of FHM2....

  5. EMPODERAMIENTO DIGITAL: INTEGRACIÓN UNIVERSIDAD, EMPRESA Y POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA EL DESARROLLO ENDÓGENO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Norcelly Carruyo

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available El artículo tiene como finalidad analizar el empoderamiento digital como estrategia de integración universidad, empresa y políticas públicas para el desarrollo endógeno. Se sustenta en los postulados de Guitert (2013, Negroponte (2010, Pérez (2012, entre otros. Metodológicamente se basa en un paradigma científico-positivista, de tipo descriptivo con un diseño no experimental, transversal, de campo. La población estuvo conformada por (22 sujetos con las siguientes características: activos en los sectores universitario, empresarial y político en el Departamento de Sucre- Colombia. Entre los resultados se concluye que existen debilidades en las estrategias y fases de integración así como la realización de actividades que propicien la sostenibilidad local.

  6. Sistema energéticamente eficiente y de bajo costo para controlar la temperatura y aumentar el oxígeno en estanques de cultivo de alevines de tilapia roja

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rubén Darío Vásquez-Salazar

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El artículo expone un sistema automático para controlar la temperatura y aumentar el oxígeno en estanques de cultivo de alevines de tilapia roja en la granja John Jairo González, del Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid. El control se realiza a través de un PLC que recibe dos señales de temperatura ubicadas en puntos diferentes del estanque, y una señal de un sensor de nivel. Ejecutando un algoritmo de control, activa o desactiva diferentes circuitos de agua fría, proveniente de la quebrada Guaracú, o caliente, a través de un proceso de bombeo de agua del estanque hacia los colectores solares, y regresándola al estanque, recirculación que se hace hasta obtener una temperatura de 29 °C, un poco por encima de la ideal de 28 °C. El sistema de control es validado comparando temperatura y oxígeno con un tanque sin control. 

  7. Clinical and radiological assessment of a family with mild brachydactyly type A1: the usefulness of metacarpophalangeal profiles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Armour, C M; Bulman, D E; Hunter, A G

    2000-04-01

    The brachydactylies are a group of conditions in which various subtypes have been defined based upon the specific pattern of digital bones involved. Type A1 brachydactyly is principally characterised by maximal involvement of the middle phalanges. We report an extended family with a mild brachydactyly A1 which was, except for some short stature, not associated with any of the additional clinical findings reported in several published families. While all the hand bones tended to be small, the principal features of the affected members were shortened middle and distal phalanges, proximal 1st phalanges, and 5th metacarpals. The feet were similarly involved and tended to have a broad, slightly adducted forefoot. The two affected children showed multiple coned epiphyses. This paper provides a detailed description of the family including the radiographic signs and metacarpophalangeal profiles, which proved to be useful in distinguishing the mildly affected persons.

  8. Identification of two novel compound heterozygous mutations of ADGRV1 in a Chinese family with Usher syndrome type IIC.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhang, Nian; Wang, Juan; Liu, Shuting; Liu, Mugen; Jiang, Fagang

    2018-06-08

    To describe the clinical and genetic findings in a Chinese family with three sibs diagnosed with Usher syndrome type IIC. Four members received ophthalmic and otologic tests to ascertain the clinical characteristics. According to the clinical phenotype, we focused attention on a total of 658 genes associated with them. We screened the possible pathogenic mutation sites, used Sanger to exclude the false positive and verified whether there were co-segregated among the family members. Typical fundus features found in the proband supported the diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Audiometric test indicated moderate to severe sensorineural hearing impairment while the vestibular function was normal. Whole-exome sequencing identified the presence of two novel compound heterozygous mutations in ADGRV1, a known gene responsible for Usher syndrome type IIC. Mutationc.15008delG/p.Gly5003AlafsTer13 was inherited from the mother while c.18383_18386dupACAG/p.His6130GlnfsTer84 was inherited from the father, and they were co-segregated with the disease phenotype in the family. The mutations found in our study not only broaden the mutation spectrum of ADGRV1, but also provide assistances for future genetic diagnosis and treatment for Usher syndrome patients.

  9. Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling in a case of spina bifida in a family with Waardenburg syndrome type I.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kujat, Annegret; Veith, Veit-Peter; Faber, Renaldo; Froster, Ursula G

    2007-01-01

    Waardenburg syndrome type I (WS I) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder with an incidence of 1:45,000 in Europe. Mutations within the PAX3 gene are responsible for the clinical phenotype ranging from mild facial features to severe malformations detectable in prenatal diagnosis. Here, we report a four-generation family with several affected members showing various symptoms of WS I. We diagnosed the syndrome first in a pregnant young woman; she was referred because of a spina bifida in prenatal diagnosis. We performed clinical genetic investigations and molecular genetic analysis in all available family members. The phenotype displays a wide intra-familial clinical variability of pigmentary disturbances, facial anomalies and developmental defects. Molecular studies identified a novel splice site mutation within the PAX3 gene in intron 5 in all affected family members, but in none of the unaffected relatives. This case demonstrates the prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida in a fetus which leads to the initial diagnosis of WS I. Further studies could identify a private splice site mutation within the PAX3 gene responsible for the phenotype in this family.

  10. [Impact of Different Types of Fathers on Family Climate in Young Adulthood: A Multi-perspective Longitudinal Study on 14 to 27 Year Olds and their Fathers].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Escher, Fabian J; Seiffge-Krenke, Inge

    2018-01-01

    Impact of Different Types of Fathers on Family Climate in Young Adulthood: A Multi-perspective Longitudinal Study on 14 to 27 Year Olds and their Fathers In a 13 year longitudinal study, the influence of three types of fathers on the family climate was analyzed. In a sample of 213 subjects, their 169 fathers and their 210 mothers, the family environment ( Family Environment Scales) was examined when the subjects were young adults (M = 26.89, SD = 1.32). The results of the study point to significant changes in family climate in those young adults who described their father as increasingly negative (N = 28) or distant (N = 11) when in adolescence. These two groups showed a more negative family environment and greater differences between the perspectives of fathers and their young adult children than the group of young adults who described their father as normative (N = 174) when in adolescence. The highest discrepancies were described by young adults with a negative relationship with their father in adolescence. The findings show a long lasting importance of father-child interactions in adolescence.

  11. Family Functioning and Adolescent Help-Seeking Behavior.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fallon, Barry J.; Bowles, Terry V. P.

    2001-01-01

    Examined relationship between help seeking behavior and family functioning. Adolescents who sought help clustered into two groups of families - one high in conflict and low in democratic parenting style, and one low in conflict and high in democratic parenting style. Complex relationships between help seeking behavior, type of family, and type of…

  12. Talking (or Not) about Family Health History in Families of Latino Young Adults

    Science.gov (United States)

    Corona, Rosalie; Rodríguez, Vivian; Quillin, John; Gyure, Maria; Bodurtha, Joann

    2013-01-01

    Although individuals recognize the importance of knowing their family's health history for their own health, relatively few people (e.g., less than a third in one national survey) collect this type of information. This study examines the rates of family communication about family health history of cancer, and predictors of communication in a…

  13. Avaliação pré-clínica de um material substituto ósseo xenógeno a base de hidroxiapatita/colágeno = Preclinical evaluation of a xenogenic hydroxyapatite/collagen-based bone substitute material

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bittencourt, Rafael Cotias

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas de um xenoenxerto bovino para o reparo ósseo. Métodos: Análise físico-química foi conduzida usando difração de raios X, espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Biocompatibilidade in vitro foi avaliada através de ensaios de citotoxicidade e adesão celular usando culturas de linhagem celular de fibroblastos e pré-osteoblastos murinos, respectivamente. Além disso, por ensaio in vivo usando enxertia subcutânea no modelo rato (5 e 10 semanas, hidroxiapatita sintética como material controle e ainda um experimento a longo prazo em defeitos de tamanho crítico em calvária (6 e 9 meses, coágulo sanguíneo e osso autógeno como controles negativo e positivo, respectivamente. Resultados: O material teste apresentou uma arquitetura tridimensional consistindo de grânulos densos e microporos (várias dimensões, composto de hidroxiapatita cristalina/fibras colágenas. O xenoenxerto foi citocompatível e após 7 dias foi observado espraiamento de pré-osteoblastos sobre grânulos do material. Análise histopatológica do material implantado no subcutâneo de ratos mostrou o xenoenxerto intato após 10 semanas circundado por tecido conjuntivo frouxo com suave infiltrado inflamatório e células gigantes multinucleadas ao redor de partículas (5 e 10 semanas similar à hidroxiapatita sintética. Considerando os defeitos de tamanho crítico em calvária foi observada 1,7 vezes mais formação de novo osso no xenoenxerto do que no grupo controle (P<0,001, um resultado similar verificado no autoenxerto. Não houve variação significante na densidade de volume do xenoenxerto (37,9%±4,3. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que o material xenógeno é biomimético, biocompatível, osseocondutor e nãoreabsorvível, portanto sendo um material promissor para o reparo óss

  14. Simultaneous identification of Trypanosoma cruzi surface and internal antigens reactive to different immunoglobulin classes (radio-immunoblotting Identificação simultânea de antígenos internos e de superfície de Trypanosoma cruzi reativos para diferentes classes de imunoglobulinas (radio-immunoblotting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anna Maria Simonsen Stolf

    1990-10-01

    Full Text Available A radioactive Western-blotting technique was developed by which the reactivity of Immunoglobulins (Igs from different classes to both membrane radiolabelled and internal parasite antigens is simultaneously identified. The method includes radioiodination of parasites, polypeptide fractionation by SDS-PAGE, Western-blot transfer and autoradiography of the immunoblots developed with anti-Igs conjugates labelled with enzymes. The analysis is then performed by the comparison of common bands on the autoradiograms and the respective substrate stained nitrocellulose blots. This technique was used to analyse T. cruzi trypomastigote surface labelled antigens reactive to IgM, IgA and IgG specific antibodies. A different pattern of reactivity with acute Chagas' disease patients sera was thus obtained.Classes e subclasses de anticorpos apresentam diferentes funções, influenciando a resposta imune humoral de um hospedeiro, frente a um agente infeccioso. Na maioria dos sistemas, o alvo principal é representado pelos antígenos de membrana do parasita. Entretanto, a identificação de antígenos de superfície de parasitas, reativos para classe (e subclasse de imunoglobulinas que não se ligam a proteína-A implica em imunoprecipitações sucessivas, que levam a perda de antígenos e/ou reações inespecíficas. Visando esse estudo, foi desenvolvida uma técnica denominada "radio-immunoblotting", através da qual a reatividade de imunoglobulinas de diferentes classes para antígenos de membrana (e/ou internos foi analisada simultaneamente. O método constitui na marcação prévia da superfície dos parasitas por radioiodação, fracionamento dos polipeptídeos por SDS/PA-GE, transferência das frações para nitrocelulose, reação com soros e conjugados anti-Igs - peroxidase e autoradiografia dos mesmos, a análise é feita comparando-se os antígenos comuns evidenciados na autoradiografia e nas tiras de nitrocelulose coradas com o substrato da peroxidase

  15. Novel mutations of MYO7A and USH1G in Israeli Arab families with Usher syndrome type 1.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rizel, Leah; Safieh, Christine; Shalev, Stavit A; Mezer, Eedy; Jabaly-Habib, Haneen; Ben-Neriah, Ziva; Chervinsky, Elena; Briscoe, Daniel; Ben-Yosef, Tamar

    2011-01-01

    This study investigated the genetic basis for Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) in four consanguineous Israeli Arab families. Haplotype analysis for all known USH1 loci was performed in each family. In families for which haplotype analysis was inconclusive, we performed genome-wide homozygosity mapping using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. For mutation analysis, specific primers were used to PCR amplify the coding exons of the MYO7A, USH1C, and USH1G genes including intron-exon boundaries. Mutation screening was performed with direct sequencing. A combination of haplotype analysis and genome-wide homozygosity mapping indicated linkage to the USH1B locus in two families, USH1C in one family and USH1G in another family. Sequence analysis of the relevant genes (MYO7A, USH1C, and USH1G) led to the identification of pathogenic mutations in all families. Two of the identified mutations are novel (c.1135-1147dup in MYO7A and c.206-207insC in USH1G). USH1 is a genetically heterogenous condition. Of the five USH1 genes identified to date, USH1C and USH1G are the rarest contributors to USH1 etiology worldwide. It is therefore interesting that two of the four Israeli Arab families reported here have mutations in these two genes. This finding further demonstrates the unique genetic structure of the Israeli population in general, and the Israeli Arab population in particular, which due to high rates of consanguinity segregates many rare autosomal recessive genetic conditions.

  16. Dermatófitos: interação patógeno-hospedeiro e resistência a antifúngicos Dermatophytes: host-pathogen interaction and antifungal resistance

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nalu Teixera de Aguiar Peres

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available As micoses cutâneas estão entre as infecções mais comuns em humanos e se tornaram um importante problema de saúde pública, principalmente por causarem infecções invasivas em pacientes imunodeprimidos. Durante a infecção, a interação dermatófito-hospedeiro desencadeia adaptações metabólicas específicas que permitem aos patógenos aderirem e penetrarem no tecido, remodelando seu metabolismo para captar nutrientes e superar os mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro. Esse remodelamento metabólico e a inter-relação entre metabolismo, morfogênese e resposta ao estresse são importantes fatores que estão sendo intensamente avaliados em diversos patógenos. As células do hospedeiro também respondem aos estímulos do patógeno, ativando vias de sinalização intracelular que culminam no desencadeamento de uma resposta imune contra o agente infeccioso. O entendimento molecular dessas respostas metabólicas pode ajudar no estabelecimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas. Nesta revisão, são abordados diferentes aspectos da biologia dos dermatófitos, com ênfase na interação dermatófito-hospedeiro e nos mecanismos de resistência a antifúngicos.Cutaneous mycoses are among the most common infections in humans and have become an important public health issue because they cause invasive infections in immunocompromised patients. During the infectious process, dermatophyte-host interactions trigger specific metabolic adaptations that allow the pathogen to adhere to and penetrate the host tissue, scavenge nutrients, and overcome the host defense mechanisms. This metabolic shift and the interplay between metabolism, morphogenesis and stress response are important factors that have been extensively studied in several pathogens. Host cells also respond to the pathogen stimuli by activating intracellular signaling pathways that trigger the immune response against the infectious agent. The comprehension of the molecular aspects of these

  17. A novel heterozygous mutation in the Indian hedgehog gene (IHH) is associated with brachydactyly type A1 in a Chinese family.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Mugen; Wang, Xu; Cai, Zhou; Tang, Zhaohui; Cao, Kangsheng; Liang, Bo; Ren, Xiang; Liu, Jing Yu; Wang, Qing K

    2006-01-01

    Brachydactyly type A1 (BDA1) is caused by mutations in the Indian hedgehog gene, IHH, on chromosome 2q35-36. In this study, a large five-generation Chinese family with BDA1 was identified and characterized. All affected family members demonstrated significant homogeneous phenotype and some unique clinical features different from those associated with the reported BDA1 mutations in IHH. Linkage analysis showed that the BDA1 gene in the family was linked to marker D2S126 close to IHH with a LOD score of 4.74 at a recombination fraction of 0. DNA sequence analysis revealed a heterozygous C to T transition at nucleotide 461 of IHH, resulting in a novel T154I substitution. The T154I mutation co-segregated with all affected individuals in the family, and was not present in normal family members or 200 normal controls. These results expand the spectrum of clinical phenotype associated with IHH mutations.

  18. PURIFICACIÓN DEL ANTÍGENO 38 kDa DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis Y SU POTENCIAL USO EN DIAGNÓSTICO MEDIANTE INMUNOSENSORES PIEZOELÉCTRICOS

    OpenAIRE

    Paula A. Marín; Luz E. Botero; Jaime A. Robledo; Ana M. Murillo; Robinson A. Torres; Yeison J. Montagut; Elizabeth Pabón; Marisol Jaramillo

    2015-01-01

    Un paso crucial en el desarrollo de un inmunosensor piezoeléctrico para la detección de tuberculosis (TB), es la selección y obtención de los inmunoreactivos empleados en el inmunoensayo y la estrategia para la biofuncionalización del transductor. Diversos estudios han reportado el uso del antígeno proteico 38kDa (Ag38kDa) de Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) como un buen biomarcador de la enfermedad y el cumplimiento de las características físicas y bioquímicas para ser inmovilizado por mon...

  19. Teste intradérmico com proteínas recombinantes de Mycobacterium bovis como antígenos em Cavia porcellus

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elaine S.P. Melo

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available O teste intradérmico para o diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina utiliza derivados proteicos purificados (PPD de Mycobacterium bovis que são capazes de induzir reações de hipersensibilidade em animais infectados. No entanto, apresenta baixa especificidade devido à ocorrência de reações cruzadas com outras micobactérias. Neste sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi produzir proteínas recombinantes (ESAT-6, PE13, PE5 e ESX-1 de Mycobacterium bovis e avaliá-las como antígenos em teste intradérmico utilizando Cavia porcellus como modelo, e verificar se as condições empregadas na purificação (nativa ou desnaturante interferem no desempenho antigênico dessas proteínas. As proteínas foram testadas em Cavia porcellus previamente sensibilizados com cepa M. bovis AN5 inativada, individualmente (160 µg ou combinadas na forma de um coquetel (40 µg cada. O coquetel de proteínas induziu reações de hipersensibilidade nos animais sensibilizados significativamente superiores (p=0,002 as observadas nos animais não sensibilizados, possibilitando diferenciação. No entanto, as proteínas isoladamente não foram capazes de promover essa diferenciação. As condições de solubilização e purificação influenciaram o desempenho antigênico da proteína ESAT-6, pois, quando produzida em condição desnaturante desencadeou reações inespecíficas nos animais não sensibilizados, enquanto que aquela produzida em condições nativas e aplicada em concentrações de 6, 12, 24 e 48µg induziu reações significativas apenas nos animais sensibilizados, confirmando o seu potencial como antígeno.

  20. Changes in the proportions of types I and III collagen in hemorrhoids: the sliding anal lining theory

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Sardiñas

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Objective: This study aims to determine changes in the proportions of types I and III collagen in hemorrhoids and to verify the sliding anal canal lining theory. Patients and method: The study is focused on a sample of 17 patients, 9 females and 8 males (age range: 30–70 years, with grade III and grade IV hemorrhoids. Tissue from 4 fetuses (age: 16 weeks of gestation was used as control sample. All the participants gave their informed consent. Samples were gathered in 2014. All patients underwent open hemorrhoidectomy by using the technique described by Milligan and Morgan, published in Lancet journal in 1937. The hemorrhoid samples were stained with hematoxylin–eosin for the histologic study to confirm the hemorrhoidal tissue diagnosis. The picrosirius red staining protocol was used after the histologic analysis. The method used for image processing is described in the text. Images were imported to the Image Tool for Windows software. The same process was used on the embryonic tissue. Data resulting from the analysis of images were processed using STATISTICA, a software for statistical analysis. Results: When compared, it was found that the two tissues presented very different values, with hemorrhoids containing the highest type III collagen values. Conclusion: Our results seem to imply that hemorrhoids have a larger proportion of type III collagen than fetal tissue. They also suggest a possible age-related deterioration of the tissue. Resumo: Objetivo: Esse estudo tem por objetivo determinar mudanças nos percentuais do colágeno dos tipos I e III em hemorroidas e verificar a teoria do revestimento de canal anal deslizante. Pacientes e método: O estudo está focado em uma amostra de 17 pacientes (9 mulheres e 8 homes; faixa etária: 30-70 anos, com hemorroidas de graus III e IV. Utilizamos tecido de quatro fetos (idade: 16 semanas de gestação como amostra de controle. Todos os participantes deram consentimento informado. As amostras