INFLUÊNCIA DE VARIÁVEIS CLIMÁTICAS NO CRESCIMENTO EM DIÂMETRO E ALTURA DE Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill E Eucalyptus. urophylla S.T. Blake SOB DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ingrid Martins Soares

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência de variáveis climáticas no crescimento em diâmetro e altura de clones de eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus urophylla em diferentes espaçamentos, por meio da análise de correlação de Pearson. O experimento foi realizado em área situada no município de Jataí-GO, no delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Foram empregados dados médios por parcela das variáveis dendrométricas diâmetro a 1,30 m de altura do solo (dap e altura total para o período de crescimento avaliado, as quais foram correlacionadas com as variáveis meteorológicas precipitação, temperatura máxima, temperatura mínima e temperatura média. Verificou-se que o crescimento em dap e HT para os seis tratamentos foram influenciados pela variável climática temperatura.

Propriedades de chapas de flocos fabricadas com adesivo de uréia-formaldeído e de taninos da casca de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden ou de Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. Properties of flakeboards made from urea-formaldehyde and bark tannins adhesives of Eucalyptus grandis or Eucalyptus pellita

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Os taninos foram extraídos da casca de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus pellita, com água quente, à qual se adicionaram 4,5% de sulfito de sódio, durante três horas. As temperaturas da solução foram iguais a 70 e 100 ºC para Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus pellita, respectivamente. Para a produção dos adesivos e com o intuito de reduzir a sua viscosidade, os taninos foram sulfitados com sulfito de sódio e ácido acético. Formulações adesivas foram preparadas adicionando-se 0, 25, 50, 75 ou 100% de adesivos tânicos ao adesivo comercial de uréia-formaldeído. Foram fabricadas chapas de flocos de Pinus elliottii Engelm. e Eucalyptus grandis, utilizando-se 8% da formulação adesiva. As propriedades das chapas foram determinadas segundo a norma ASTM D-1037, de 1993. Observou-se que as propriedades das chapas foram superiores ao mínimo estabelecido pela norma ANSI/A 280.1-93, exceto no caso da resistência à umidade. Verificou-se, ainda, que o emprego de uma formulação adesiva contendo resina à base de uréia-formaldeído e tanino-formaldeído pode melhorar algumas propriedades.Bark tannins of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus pellita were extracted with 4,5% sodium sulfite in hot water solution for a period of three hours. Solution temperatures were 70 and 100ºC, for Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus pellita bark respectively. Tannins were reacted with acetic acid and sodium sulfite to reduce adhesive viscosity. Adhesive formulations were prepared adding 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of tannin adhesives to the commercial urea-formaldehyde adhesive. Flakeboards were fabricated with 8% resin content. Board properties were determined according to ASTM D-1037 standards. Except for humidity, all board properties were superior to the values established by ANSI.A 208.1-93 commercial standard. Addition of tannins to the urea-formaldehyde adhesive improved some properties.

Essential oil influence in mycorrhizal colonization and growth seedlings of eucalyptus Influência do óleo essencial na micorrização e no crescimento de mudas de eucalipto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Bemfica Steffen

2011-09-01

Full Text Available The establishment of exotic forest species in Brazil may show  dependence to ectomycorrhizal association, which increases the resistance of seedlings to stress after the initial planting in the  field, favoring the maintenance of harshseedlings under  adverse conditions. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of  applying the eucalyptus essential oil in ectomycorrhizal  colonization on growth of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings in greenhouse conditions. The treatments consisted of five  concentrations of the Eucayptus grandis essential oil and two  ectomycorrhizal isolates, in addition to the control treatment  without inoculation. It was used a completely randomized  design with eight repetitions. Ninety days after transplanting  the eucalyptus seedlings were evaluated: height (cm, stem  diameter (mm, dry massof shoots and roots (mg and percentage of ectomycorrhizal colonization. The eucalyptus  essential oil was efficient in stimulating ectomycorrhizal  colonization of eucalyptus seedlings, resulting in significant  increases in dry weight of shoots of mycorrhizal seedlings,  showing doseresponse effect, depending on the ectomycorrhizal used.

doi: 10.4336/2011.pfb.31.67.235

O estabelecimento das essências florestais exóticas pode apresentar dependência da associação ectomicorrízica, a qual  eleva a resistência das mudas aos estresses iniciais após o  plantio no campo, favorecendo o desenvolvimento inicial das mudas sob condições adversas. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o  efeito da aplicação do óleo essencial de eucalipto na  colonização ectomicorrízica e no crescimento de mudas de  Eucalyptus grandis, em condições de casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco concentrações do óleo  essencial de Eucayptus grandis e dois isolados  ectomicorrízicos, além dos tratamentos controle sem  inoculação. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental

Stomatal characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis clonal hybrids in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study describes the stomatal response occurring during water stress and subsequent recovery of three Eucalyptus grandis clonal hybrids. The aim was to investigate the degree to which stomatal conductance (gs) and stomatal density differ between the clonal hybrids across seasons and in response to water stress.

Performance of Australian provenances of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna in Hawaii

Science.gov (United States)

Roger G. Skolmen

1986-01-01

Australian provenances of Eucalyptus grandis and E. saligna were compared at four locations on the island of Hawaii to seek seed sources better than those in current use which were introduced earlier from unrecorded locations in Australia. A broad range of latitude and elevation was represented among the provenances. At all four...

Eucalyptus

Science.gov (United States)

Blue Gum, Blue Mallee, Blue Mallee Oil, Eucalipto, Eucalypti Folium, Eucalyptol, Eucalyptol Oil, Eucalyptus blatter, Eucalyptus bicostata, Eucalyptus Essential Oil, Eucalyptus Oil, Eucalyptus fructicetorum, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus Leaf, Eucalyptus odorata, Eucalyptus ...

Genetic improvement of Eucalyptus grandis using breeding seedling ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Eucalyptus grandis is commercially important in Zimbabwe and a breeding program has been in progress since 1962. A classical breeding strategy was used initially but, in 1981, the Multiple Population Breeding Strategy (MPBS) was implemented and the concept of the Breeding Seedling Orchard (BSO) became central to ...

EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE WOOD OF Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Israel Luiz de Lima

2011-09-01

Full Text Available The effect of the fertilization in the amount and quality of the produced wood is one of the questions to be considered in the research of the Eucalyptus grandis. The present work aimed to evaluate the fertilization effect in the mechanical properties of Eucalyptus grandis. The population of Eucalyptus grandis was 21 years old and was managed under the system of selective thinning, with application of fertilizers. The factors used in this study were: presence or absence of fertilizers, two positions of log and five radial positions. The influences of the factors and of their combinations were evaluated regarding to compression strength, shear strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in static banding. The compressive strength and the modulus of elasticity had been influenced by the factors: fertilizer and radial positions of the log. There was also an increase in the direction of the pith-bark in all studied properties. A good positive relationship was found to exist among the compression strength, the shear, the modulus of rupture and the modulus of elasticity with radial position.

Diagnosing foliar nutrient dynamics of Eucalyptus grandis in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Fertilisation is one of the most cost-effective methods of increasing and maintaining the productivity of Eucalyptus grandis plantations in South Africa. This silvicultural practice can be optimised by using the foliar nutrient ratios measured in plants at maximum growth as a guideline for fertiliser application. The foliar nutrient ...

Modelos de predição para sobrevivência de plantas de Eucalyptus grandis Prediction models of Eucalyptus grandis plant survival

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Telde Natel Custódio

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar modelos de predição de plantas sobreviventes de Eucalyptus grandis. Utilizaram-se os seguintes modelos: modelo linear misto com os dados transformados, utilizando-se as transformações angular e BOX-COX; modelo linear generalizado misto com distribuição binomial e funções de ligação logística, probit e complemento log-log; modelo linear generalizado misto com distribuição Poisson e função de ligação logarítmica. Os dados são provenientes de um experimento em blocos ao acaso, para avaliação de progênies maternas de Eucalyptus grandis, aos 5 anos de idade, em que a variável resposta são plantas sobreviventes. Para comparação dos efeitos entre os modelos foram estimadas as correlações de Spearman e aplicado o teste de permutação de Fisher. Foi possível concluir que, o modelo linear generalizado misto com distribuição Poisson e função de ligação logarítmica se ajustou mal aos dados e que as estimativas para os efeitos fixos e predição para os efeitos aleatórios, não se diferenciaram entre os demais modelos estudados.The objective of this work was to compare models for prediction of the survival of plants of Eucalyptus grandis. The following models were used: linear mixed model with the transformed data, by utilizing the angular transformations and BOX-COX; generalized linear mixed model with binomial distribution and logistic functions, probit and complement log-log links; generalized linear mixed model with Poisson distribution and logarithmic link function. The data came from a randomized block experiment for evaluation of Eucalyptus grandis maternal progenies at five years old, in which the variable response are surviving plants. For comparison of the effects among the models the correlations of Spearman were estimated and the test of permutation of Fisher was applied. It was possible to conclude that: the generalized linear mixed model with Poisson distribution and

Temporal dynamics of the response to Al stress in Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Berenice K. de Alcântara

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Lipid peroxidation and root elongation of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis were studied under stress conditions in response to aluminum (Al, a metal known to limit agricultural productivity in acidic soils primarily due to reduced root elongation. In Brazil, the Grancam 1277 hybrid (E. grandis × E. camaldulensis has been planted in the "Cerrado", a region of the country with a wide occurrence of acidic soils. The present study demonstrated that the hybrid exhibited root growth reduction and increased levels of lipid peroxidation after 24h of treatment with 100 µM of Al, which was followed by a reduction in lipid peroxidation levels and the recovery of root elongation after 48h of Al exposure, suggesting a rapid response to the early stressful conditions induced by Al. The understanding of the temporal dynamics of Al tolerance may be useful for selecting more tolerant genotypes and for identifying genes of interest for applications in bioengineering.

Shoot and root morphogenesis from Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla plantlets were regenerated via indirect organogenesis. Histological assessment of their development focused on identifying the calli, the differentiation of shoots from the calli and the shoot-root junction from the nascent shoots. Vascular tissue formation within the callus preceded that of ...

Seed viability constants for Eucalyptus grandis Constantes de viabilidade para sementes de Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jussara Bertho Fantinatti

2007-01-01

Full Text Available This work aimed to analyse Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden seed behaviour, under controlled deterioration, and to estimate viability equation constants for the species. Seeds were harvested in the growing season of 1999, and the moisture contents were adjusted from 11.3% to a range between 1.2 and 18.1% at 25ºC. The subsamples were sealed into laminate aluminium-foil packets, for storage in incubators at 40, 50 and 65±0.5ºC. The seeds presented orthodox performance, in which the constants for predicting seed longevity of E. grandis were K E = 9.661, C W = 6.467, C H = 0.03498 and C Q = 0.0002330. The usual and inverse relationship between water content and seed longevity was also observed. The lowest moisture content limit for application of the viability equation at 65ºC was 4.9%, estimated under hygroscopic equilibrium with 23% of relative humidity in the storage environment.Este trabalho teve como objetivos verificar o desempenho de sementes de Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden, após a deterioração em condições controladas, e obter as constantes da equação de viabilidade. As sementes foram colhidas na safra de 1999, e a umidade foi ajustada de 11,3% para valores entre 1,2 e 18,1% a 25ºC As subamostras foram acondicionadas em embalagens de alumínio termossoldadas, armazenadas a 40, 50 e 65±0,5ºC. As sementes apresentaram um desempenho ortodoxo em relação ao armazenamento. As constantes para a predição da longevidade foram K E = 9,661, C W = 6,467, C H = 0,03498 e C Q = 0,0002330. Foi observada a relação inversa entre teor de água e longevidade. O limite inferior de grau de umidade, calculado para aplicação da equação a 65ºC, foi de 4,9%, estimativa obtida sob equilíbrio higroscópico com umidade relativa de 23% no ambiente de armazenamento.

A Newly Identified Passive Hyperaccumulator Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla under Manganese Stress.

Science.gov (United States)

Xie, Qingqing; Li, Zhenji; Yang, Limin; Lv, Jing; Jobe, Timothy O; Wang, Qiuquan

2015-01-01

Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient needed for plant growth and development, but can be toxic to plants in excess amounts. However, some plant species have detoxification mechanisms that allow them to accumulate Mn to levels that are normally toxic, a phenomenon known as hyperaccumulation. These species are excellent candidates for developing a cost-effective remediation strategy for Mn-polluted soils. In this study, we identified a new passive Mn-hyperaccumulator Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla during a field survey in southern China in July 2010. This hybrid can accumulate as much as 13,549 mg/kg DW Mn in its leaves. Our results from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) X-ray microanalysis indicate that Mn is distributed in the entire leaf and stem cross-section, especially in photosynthetic palisade, spongy mesophyll tissue, and stem xylem vessels. Results from size-exclusion chromatography coupled with ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) lead us to speculate that Mn associates with relatively high molecular weight proteins and low molecular weight organic acids, including tartaric acid, to avoid Mn toxicity. Our results provide experimental evidence that both proteins and organic acids play important roles in Mn detoxification in Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla. The key characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla are an increased Mn translocation facilitated by transpiration through the xylem to the leaves and further distribution throughout the leaf tissues. Moreover, the Mn-speciation profile obtained for the first time in different cellular organelles of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla suggested that different organelles have differential accumulating abilities and unique mechanisms for Mn-detoxification.

Qualidade de juntas coladas com lâminas de madeira oriundas de três regiões do tronco de Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna e Pinus elliottii Quality of wood joints glued with wood veneers from three trunk regions of Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna and Pinus elliottii

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Benedito Rocha Vital

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência de juntas coladas formadas pelas combinações de lâminas provenientes de três posições no tronco da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna e Pinus elliottii. Foram empregados adesivos à base de poliacetato de vinila de média e alta viscosidade e resorcinol-formaldeído nas gramaturas de 150 g/m², em face simples para o poliacetato de vinila de média e alta viscosidades e 300 g/m², em face dupla, para o adesivo resorcinólico. O teor médio de umidade das lâminas, no momento da colagem, foi igual a 14%. Os valores médios mais elevados de resistência ao cisalhamento foram obtidos nas juntas produzidas com madeira de Eucalyptus saligna, coladas com adesivos de poliacetato de média viscosidade e resorcinol-formaldeído. A maior porcentagem de falha profunda na madeira foi obtida em juntas de madeira de Pinus elliottii, unidas com adesivo de poliacetato de alta viscosidade, seguidas das juntas de Eucalyptus grandis e coladas com adesivo de poliacetato de média viscosidade. As combinações de lâminas oriundas das seguintes posições no tronco: medula e casca, intermediária e casca e casca e casca resultaram em linhas de cola com maiores resistências ao cisalhamento.The objective of this work was to evaluate the shear strength of glued wood joints from pith, outer and intermediary wood of Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus elliottii. High and medium viscosity polyvinyl acetate and resorcinol-phenol adhesives were applied at spread rate of 150 g/m² in single line and at spread rate of 300 g/m² in double glue line for the resorcinolic adhesive. The mean wood moisture content was 14%. Higher shear strength was obtained with Eucalyptus saligna veneer glued with medium viscosity polyvinyl resorcinolic adhesive. The highest percentage of wood failure was found on Pinus elliottii veneer glued with high viscosity polyvinyl acetate adhesive followed by

Soil carbon estimation from eucalyptus grandis using canopy spectra

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mapping soil fertility parameters, such as soil carbon (C), is fundamentally important for forest management and research related to forest growth and climate change. This study seeks to establish the link between Eucalyptus grandis canopy spectra and soil carbon using raw and continuum-removed spectra. Canopy-level ...

A Newly Identified Passive Hyperaccumulator Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla under Manganese Stress.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qingqing Xie

Full Text Available Manganese (Mn is an essential micronutrient needed for plant growth and development, but can be toxic to plants in excess amounts. However, some plant species have detoxification mechanisms that allow them to accumulate Mn to levels that are normally toxic, a phenomenon known as hyperaccumulation. These species are excellent candidates for developing a cost-effective remediation strategy for Mn-polluted soils. In this study, we identified a new passive Mn-hyperaccumulator Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla during a field survey in southern China in July 2010. This hybrid can accumulate as much as 13,549 mg/kg DW Mn in its leaves. Our results from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM X-ray microanalysis indicate that Mn is distributed in the entire leaf and stem cross-section, especially in photosynthetic palisade, spongy mesophyll tissue, and stem xylem vessels. Results from size-exclusion chromatography coupled with ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry lead us to speculate that Mn associates with relatively high molecular weight proteins and low molecular weight organic acids, including tartaric acid, to avoid Mn toxicity. Our results provide experimental evidence that both proteins and organic acids play important roles in Mn detoxification in Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla. The key characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla are an increased Mn translocation facilitated by transpiration through the xylem to the leaves and further distribution throughout the leaf tissues. Moreover, the Mn-speciation profile obtained for the first time in different cellular organelles of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla suggested that different organelles have differential accumulating abilities and unique mechanisms for Mn-detoxification.

Qualidade da madeira de eucalipto e Acacia mangium consorciadas para produção de polpa kraft branqueada

OpenAIRE

Lombardi, Lucas Recla

2013-01-01

Objetivou-se com esse estudo a avaliação da qualidade da madeira de Acacia mangium cultivada no Brasil em consórcio com o híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla X Eucalyptus grandis para a produção de celulose branqueada e papel. Para tanto, avaliou-se efeitos de diferentes proporções de plantio misto, sendo totalizados quatro tratamentos caracterizados pela relação árvores de Acácia e árvores de Eucalipto plantadas no talhão. A qualidade da madeira foi analisada por meio da análise da composição quími...

MANEJO DO SOLO E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden EM ARGISSOLO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Prevedello

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The forest species cultivation with rapid growth in Brazil has increased, mainly due to the diverse use of its wood and climate adaptation. The cultivation with minimum tillage in the forest sector stands out a way to increase productivity, combined with the maintenance of biodiversity and soil conservation. This study was conducted at the experimental area of State Foundation for Agricultural Research - Research Center for Forestry in Santa Maria - RS, with aimed to evaluate the effect of the soil tillage methods on soil physical properties and on initial development of Eucalyptus grandis, in a sandy loam Typic Hapludalf. Four soil management practices were compared: no-tillage; chisel tillage; chisel tillage plus harrowing and; rotary tillage (rotary tiller, installed in a randomized block design with three replications. The soil under no-tillage conditioned lower initial growth of eucalyptus due higher soil penetration resistance and bulk density, when compared with treatments with mobilization. The root distribution analysis in soil, despite being a qualitative method, was effective in demonstrating the effect of soil tillage for the Eucalyptus grandis plantation. The soil tillage with mobilization resulted in a higher initial growth of Eucalyptus grandis. The chisel tillage effects in the soil physical properties persisted after one year of soil tillage.

ECONOMIC ROTATION OF Eucalyptus grandis PLANTATIONS FOR PULP PRODUCTION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thais Cunha Ferreira

2004-07-01

Full Text Available The objectives of the research were: to determine the economic impact of several minimum diameter and length of logs in economic rotation age, economic feasibility of Eucalyptus grandis plantation for cellulose production; to determine the economic loss of cutting the stand before or after the optimal economic rotation age. A biometric model for making wood volume prognosis was developed using data of a trial of Eucalyptus grandis plantation envisaging pulp production. Eucalyptus grandis stands of 19 and 103 months old, in the spacing 3 x 2 and 3 x 3 m in site index of 30; 28; 26 and 24 m were used. Theprognosis started at the age zero, considering logs of 2.5; 2.8; 4.0 and 6.0 m of length for minimum diameter varying from 4 to 10 cm, in intervals of 2 cm. Net Present Worth (VPL was used the economic criterion, considering an infinite horizon and a cost relation including reestablishment, yearly maintenance, logging and wood transportation costs. The main conclusions were: increases in the minimum diameter and or in logs length increase the rotation age; harvesting the stands in ages different from the optimal one cause large economic loss mainly in the better sites; the economic loss is larger if the harvest is made before the optimal economic rotation than if it is make after; economic feasibility increases when the minimum diameter is smaller and when the length of the logs is shorter. Any way, before making any decision it is necessary to take into account possible technical restrictions and effect on harvest and transportation costs caused by changer in the length of logs and in the size of the minimum commercial diameter.

Sanitary and nutritional characterization of honeybee colonies in Eucalyptus grandis plantations

OpenAIRE

Invernizzi, C.; Santos, E.; García, E.; Daners, G.; Di Landro, R.; Saadoun, A.; Cabrera, C.

2011-01-01

In Uruguay, many beekeepers transport their colonies to Eucalyptus grandis plantations at the end of the summer and autumn, obtaining important honey harvests. However, at the end of the flowering period the colonies become extremely weakened undergoing high levels of mortality. Nutritional and health problems could explain the weakening of colonies. In order to find out the causes for this weakening, colonies of the same size were taken to an E. grandis plantation, split up in three groups d...

Mudas de eucalipto produzidas a partir de miniestacas em diferentes recipientes e substratos Eucalyptus stecklings produced in different containers and substrates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teresa A. S. de Freitas

2006-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de mudas de híbridos naturais de Eucalyptus grandis e E. saligna produzidas a partir de miniestacas, em tubetes de 50 cc e em blocos prensados com as dimensões de 40 x 60 x 7cm. O experimento foi realizado em DIC, no fatorial 2 x 7 (2 clones e 7 tratamentos com quatro repetições, no viveiro da Aracruz Celulose S.A., no período de julho a setembro de 2002. Foram analisadas as adequações dos substratos, casca de arroz carbonizada + casca de eucalipto (AR, bagaço de cana + torta de filtro (BT e turfa, para produção de mudas nos dois tipos de recipientes. Foram feitas avaliações de diâmetro e altura das brotações, área foliar e massa seca da parte aérea. O substrato BT, quando em tubetes, não apresentou bom resultado, sendo o inverso observado quando se utilizou esse substrato em sistemas de blocos prensados. As mudas produzidas nesse sistema exibiram maior velocidade no crescimento.The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of Eucalyptus grandis and E. saligna natural hybrid minicuttings, produced in tubes (50cc and pressed blocks (40x60x7cm. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x7 factorial arrangement (2 clones and 7 treatments with four replicates (192 minicuttings, in the Aracruz nursery, from July to September 2002. The following substrates were tested; carbonized rice husk + eucalyptus bark (AR, sugarcane bagasse + sugarcane filter cake (BT and peat (T, for steckling production in two types of containers. The stecklings were evaluated for stem diameter and height, leaf area, shoot dry matter. The BT substrate in tubes did not give good results, different from when it was used in the pressed block system. The stecklings produced in pressed block system gave higher growth speed.

Eucalipto, madeira serrada, metodologia de amostragem, regressão multivariada. Log sampling of Eucalyptus grandis trees submitted to selection for sawn timber and energy purposes Amostragem de toras de árvores de Eucalyptus grandis selecionadas para finalidades de serraria e energia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Eduardo Telles dos Santos

2010-06-01

Full Text Available By the assessment of ten technological traits of eucalypt wood for sawn timber and energy purposes,
it was developed a multivariate statistical procedure in order to determine the sequence of logs to be sampled, in such a way to represent all statistical variation contained within the tree and, accordingly, to establish the appropriate sampling intensity. In the present work, it was used a total of 40 logs from four trees of Eucalyptus grandis provenance Concórdia-SC aged 18 years. By using principal components regression analysis and stepwise selection techniques, it was showed that only two logs, corresponding to the first (0.05 m to 2.60 m and fourth (8.85 m to 11.40 m positions into the tree, contained 99.2 % of the total variation detected originally. In the case of adopting a single log, the recommendation was over the fourth log, which represented 97.5 % of the total
amount of the original variation. For the referred  population, the statistical procedure contributed substantially to reduce the high time-consuming and financial costs that are normally associated to studies oriented to this goal, without affecting the original statistical information exhibited by the whole group of logs that would be usually sampled.A partir da avaliação de dez características tecnológicas de madeira de eucalipto para fins de serraria e energia, desenvolveu-se procedimento estatístico multivariado para se determinar a seqüência de toras a ser amostrada, de forma a representar acumuladamente toda a variação estatística presente na árvore e, com isso, estabelecer a intensidade adequada de amostragem. Neste estudo, foram utilizadas 40 toras oriundas de quatro árvores de Eucalyptus grandis aos 18 anos de idade procedentes de Concórdia, SC. Com o uso de técnicas de regressão multivariada de componentes principais e seleção por etapas, chegou-se à conclusão que amostrandose apenas duas toras, correspondentes à primeira (0,05 m a 2

Establishment of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden in vitro using ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Establishment of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden in vitro using commercial products for seed treatment. Moacir Ribeiro Neto, Cíntia de Oliveira Martendal, Flávia Dionísio Pereira, Edson Luiz Souchie, Fabiano Guimarães Silva ...

Development and assessment of microarray-based DNA fingerprinting in Eucalyptus grandis.

Science.gov (United States)

Lezar, Sabine; Myburg, A A; Berger, D K; Wingfield, M J; Wingfield, B D

2004-11-01

Development of improved Eucalyptus genotypes involves the routine identification of breeding stock and superior clones. Currently, microsatellites and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers are the most widely used DNA-based techniques for fingerprinting of these trees. While these techniques have provided rapid and powerful fingerprinting assays, they are constrained by their reliance on gel or capillary electrophoresis, and therefore, relatively low throughput of fragment analysis. In contrast, recently developed microarray technology holds the promise of parallel analysis of thousands of markers in plant genomes. The aim of this study was to develop a DNA fingerprinting chip for Eucalyptus grandis and to investigate its usefulness for fingerprinting of eucalypt trees. A prototype chip was prepared using a partial genomic library from total genomic DNA of 23 E. grandis trees, of which 22 were full siblings. A total of 384 cloned genomic fragments were individually amplified and arrayed onto glass slides. DNA fingerprints were obtained for 17 individuals by hybridizing labeled genome representations of the individual trees to the 384-element chip. Polymorphic DNA fragments were identified by evaluating the binary distribution of their background-corrected signal intensities across full-sib individuals. Among 384 DNA fragments on the chip, 104 (27%) were found to be polymorphic. Hybridization of these polymorphic fragments was highly repeatable (R2>0.91) within the E. grandis individuals, and they allowed us to identify all 17 full-sib individuals. Our results suggest that DNA microarrays can be used to effectively fingerprint large numbers of closely related Eucalyptus trees.

Estudo de algumas propriedades mecânicas da madeira de um híbrido clonal de Eucalyptus urophylla X Eucalyptus grandis Study of some mechanical properties of wood in a clonal hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla X Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabrício Gomes Gonçalves

2009-06-01

Full Text Available A procura por madeiras oriundas de reflorestamentos destinadas à serraria é uma realidade já há muitos anos, principalmente aquelas das espécies do gênero Eucalyptus. Visando buscar novas informações importantes para esse mercado, este trabalho objetivou determinar algumas propriedades mecânicas da madeira de um híbrido clonal de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis de duas idades e provenientes de talhadia simples e de reforma. Os resultados indicaram que a madeira desse híbrido apresenta boas características tecnológicas, destacando-se a segunda tora (a partir de 3 m com as melhores propriedades de flexão estática (Módulo de Elasticidade - MOE e Módulo de Ruptura - MOR e Compressão Axial das fibras. As árvores de maior idade (166 meses e que sofreram dois desbastes apresentaram as melhores propriedades de flexão estática e compressão axial.The search for wood originated from reforestations destined to sawmill has been observed for many years, mainly for the Eucalyptus species. Searching for information to assist this market, the aim of this study was to determine some mechanical properties of the wood from a Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis clonal hybrid, at two different ages and coming from coppice and reform. The results show that the wood of this clonal hybrid presents good technological characteristics and is the second best log (starting from 3,0 m, as to static bending properties (Module of Elasticity - MOE and Module of Rupture - MOR. The oldest trees (166 months - E2 which suffered two thinning presented the best results for the property of static bending and axial crushing (CA.

Determination of chemical elements in Eucalyptus grandis, manured with Ballad's, by neutrons activation analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mateus, Natalina de Fatima; Madi Filho, Tufic

2007-01-01

The biosolid is a mud resulting from the biological treatment of wasted liquids. It is considered as a profitable alternative and important to minimize the environmental impact generated by the sewage thrown in to sanitary lands, in forest cultures like the Eucalyptus grandis. The objective of this work was to detect which chemical elements are present in Eucalyptus grandis samples, fertilized with different quantities of biosolid. The eucalyptuses of Estacao Experimental de Ciencias Florestais of Itatinga were planted in March of 1998 and collected with five years old. The used biosolid was produced by Station of Treatment of Sewer of Barueri - SP, classified as kind B. For the determination of the presence and quantity of chemical elements in the eucalyptus samples, an analysis technique by neutronic activation (NAA) was used followed by gamma rays spectroscopy. The samples were irradiated in the Nuclear Reactor IEA-R1 of IPEN-SP, followed by the measure of induced gamma rays activity, using a Detector HPGe. The presence, mainly of Br, Mn, Na and K, was detected in all analyzed samples. (author)

The genome of Eucalyptus grandis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Myburg, Alexander A.; Grattapaglia, Dario; Tuskan, Gerald A.; Hellsten, Uffe; Hayes, Richard D.; Grimwood, Jane; Jenkins, Jerry; Lindquist, Erika; Tice, Hope; Bauer, Diane; Goodstein, David M.; Dubchak, Inna; Poliakov, Alexandre; Mizrachi, Eshchar; Kullan, Anand R. K.; Hussey, Steven G.; Pinard, Desre; van der Merwe, Karen; Singh, Pooja; van Jaarsveld, Ida; Silva-Junior, Orzenil B.; Togawa, Roberto C.; Pappas, Marilia R.; Faria, Danielle A.; Sansaloni, Carolina P.; Petroli, Cesar D.; Yang, Xiaohan; Ranjan, Priya; Tschaplinski, Timothy J.; Ye, Chu-Yu; Li, Ting; Sterck, Lieven; Vanneste, Kevin; Murat, Florent; Soler, Marçal; Clemente, Hélène San; Saidi, Naijib; Cassan-Wang, Hua; Dunand, Christophe; Hefer, Charles A.; Bornberg-Bauer, Erich; Kersting, Anna R.; Vining, Kelly; Amarasinghe, Vindhya; Ranik, Martin; Naithani, Sushma; Elser, Justin; Boyd, Alexander E.; Liston, Aaron; Spatafora, Joseph W.; Dharmwardhana, Palitha; Raja, Rajani; Sullivan, Christopher; Romanel, Elisson; Alves-Ferreira, Marcio; Külheim, Carsten; Foley, William; Carocha, Victor; Paiva, Jorge; Kudrna, David; Brommonschenkel, Sergio H.; Pasquali, Giancarlo; Byrne, Margaret; Rigault, Philippe; Tibbits, Josquin; Spokevicius, Antanas; Jones, Rebecca C.; Steane, Dorothy A.; Vaillancourt, René E.; Potts, Brad M.; Joubert, Fourie; Barry, Kerrie; Pappas, Georgios J.; Strauss, Steven H.; Jaiswal, Pankaj; Grima-Pettenati, Jacqueline; Salse, Jérôme; Van de Peer, Yves; Rokhsar, Daniel S.; Schmutz, Jeremy

2014-06-11

Eucalypts are the world s most widely planted hardwood trees. Their broad adaptability, rich species diversity, fast growth and superior multipurpose wood, have made them a global renewable resource of fiber and energy that mitigates human pressures on natural forests. We sequenced and assembled >94% of the 640 Mbp genome of Eucalyptus grandis into its 11 chromosomes. A set of 36,376 protein coding genes were predicted revealing that 34% occur in tandem duplications, the largest proportion found thus far in any plant genome. Eucalypts also show the highest diversity of genes for plant specialized metabolism that act as chemical defence against biotic agents and provide unique pharmaceutical oils. Resequencing of a set of inbred tree genomes revealed regions of strongly conserved heterozygosity, likely hotspots of inbreeding depression. The resequenced genome of the sister species E. globulus underscored the high inter-specific genome colinearity despite substantial genome size variation in the genus. The genome of E. grandis is the first reference for the early diverging Rosid order Myrtales and is placed here basal to the Eurosids. This resource expands knowledge on the unique biology of large woody perennials and provides a powerful tool to accelerate comparative biology, breeding and biotechnology.

QUALIDADE DA CELULOSE KRAFT-ANTRAQUINONA DE Eucalyptus dunnii PLANTADO EM CINCO ESPAÇAMENTOS EM RELAÇÃO AO Eucalyptus grandis E Eucalyptus saligna

OpenAIRE

Maria Cladis Mezzomo da Silva; Edvins Ratnieks; Teotônio Francisco de Assis; Celso Edmundo B. Foelkel; Jorge Vieira Gonzaga; Giovanni Willer Ferreira

1997-01-01

Este trabalho analisou o efeito de cinco espaçamentos de Eucalyptus dunnii (3 m x 1 m; 3 m x 1,5 m; 3 m x 2 m; 3 m x 3 m; 3 m x 4 m), para produção de celulose kraft-antraquinona, comparados com Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus saligna (ambos no espaçamento 3 m x 2 m). Avaliaram-se a densidade básica e composição química da madeira original, analisando-se extrativos em diclorometano, pentosanas, lignina, solubilidade em NaOH8% e cinzas. Os cavacos foram submetidos a cozimento kraft-antraquinon...

Avaliação do teor de umidade da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis por medidores elétricos resistivos. Evaluation of the Eucalyptus grandis lumber moisture content by resistancetype moisture meters.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Eduardo Guarnetti dos SANTOS

2006-01-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivoverificar a precisão de dois tipos de medidoreselétricos de teor de umidade durante o processo desecagem da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis. Foramretiradas amostras representativas de 14 tábuas deEucalyptus grandis e secas em estufa elétrica a40 ºC de temperatura, até que o material atingisse10% de umidade. Durante a secagem foramdeterminados, periodicamente, o teor de umidadeatravés do método de massas correntes e deverificações simultâneas com um medidor elétricoportátil (EMM e com o sistema de controle de umsecador convencional (KCS. Os resultados mostraramque: (1 o sensor de umidade KCS pode substituiro método gravimétrico durante a secagem damadeira; (2 o medidor do teor de umidade EMMsubestima os reais teores de umidade durante asecagem da madeira e não é indicado parasubstituir o método gravimétrico de determinação de umidade.The aim of the study was to evaluate theprecision of two types of electric moisture metersduring the drying process of Eucalyptus grandisboards. Samples were obtained from 14 boards ofEucalyptus grandis and they were dried in electriclaboratory oven at 40 ºC of temperature, until thewood achieve 10% of moisture content. During thedrying, the moisture content was determined bygravimetric method and simultaneous checks by anelectric moisture meter (EMM and by kilncontrol system (KCS. The results showed that:(1 the KCS can replace the gravimetric methodduring the wood drying; (2 the EMMunderestimate the real moisture content during thedrying of boards and it is not indicate as substituteof the gravimetric method.

Primeiro registro de Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae em Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden no Brasil First record of Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae on Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabrício Fagundes Pereira

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Relata-se a infestação de um ácaro-vermelho em mudas clonais de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, mantidas em casa de vegetação no município de Martinho Campos, Minas Gerais. O ácaro foi observado na parte superior das folhas que exibiam sinais de sucção de seiva e bronzeamento. Essas injúrias causaram desenvolvimento anormal e morte de plantas. O ácaro foi identificado como Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae, e isso representa o primeiro registro dessa espécie em mudas clonais de E. grandis no Brasil.An infestation of the red spider mite was reported in clone seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden under greenhouse conditions, in the municipality of Martinho Campos, Minas Gerais State. The spider mite was found on the leaf upper faces with signs of sap suction and bronzing. Such injuries caused abnormal development and plant death. The spider mite was identified as Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor (Acari: Tetranychidae. This is the first record of O. yothersi on E. grandis seedlings in Brazil.

Organogenesis and transient genetic transformation of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla Organogênese e transformação genética transiente do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giovana Bomfim de Alcantara

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla presents high levels of productivity and potential for use in paper, cellulose and fiber industries. The bud organogenesis from leaf explants of two clones of E. grandis × E. urophylla was studied in order to verify the effect of several factors: subculture duration on multiplication medium, type of explants, entire and half leaves: basal and apical portions, and duration of the culture on a regeneration medium. Differences in organogenic capacity of the two clones tested were observed. The explant most recommended for organogenesis is the basal section of the leaf collected from shoot clusters subcultured every 17 days. Moreover, the leaf explants must be transferred to a fresh bud induction medium every five days. This study also aimed at evaluating factors affecting the genetic transformation of leaf explants with the uidA gene, via co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, such as the pre-culture of the explants on a specific medium, the duration of their co-culture with the bacteria and the addition of acetosyringone to the culture media. The best conditions for the expression of the uidA gene were two days of pre-culture of the leaf tissues, three days of co-culture with the bacteria and the addition of acetosyringone in pre- and co-culture media.O híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla apresenta alta produtividade e potencial para indústrias de papel, celulose e fibras. A organogênese de explantes foliares de dois clones de E. grandis × E. urophylla foi estudada para verificar fatores como tempo de repicagem das plântulas matrizes em meio de multiplicação; tipo de explantes, folhas inteiras e de meias-folhas (porções basais e apicais e dos dias que os explantes foliares permaneceram em meio de regeneração. Foram observadas diferenças na capacidade organogênica dos dois clones testados. A parte basal das folhas, coletadas de brotações repicadas a cada 17

Assessment of wood density of seven clones of Eucalyptus grandis ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

With the objective of evaluating the correlation of wood basic density with age in seven Eucalyptus grandis clones planted in Brazil, five trees in each clone were sampled at the ages of 0, 5, 1, 5, 2, 5, 3, 5, 4, 5 and 7, 5 years. The analysis of these samples showed that the intraclonal variation of the basic density (except for 0, ...

Uji Infeksi Mycosphaerella spp Terhadap Bibit Eucalyptus spp

OpenAIRE

Lidya Morita Sondang

2009-01-01

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat ketahanan 2 klon Eucalyptus spp yaitu Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus pellita dan Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla terhadap Mycosphaerella spp serta mengetahui virulensi Mycospaherella spp pada 2 kelas umur (2 dan 3 bulan) pada tanaman Eucalyptus spp. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan pengambilan sampel bibit tanaman Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus pellita dan Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla dari pembibitan PT.Toba Pulp...

Development Potential, in a Greenhouse, of Cuttings of the Hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. N. Garcia

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract: This study evaluated the potential for development in the greenhouse, cuttings of the hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus camaldulensis in Sinop - Mato Grosso and generated equations to estimate the percentage of rooting parameters. Were measured: the percentage of cuttings with some degree of modification, the percentage of cuttings in the percentage of cuttings with roots larger than 10 cm in length. Also measured was the neck diameter, height and leaf area index. The heights and leaf area showed lower development within the greenhouse. The rooting potential is based on curve speed of rooting and was found 12 days after staking. The identification of the optimal point of withdrawal of the shoots of the greenhouse through the intercept curves daily current increase curve (DCI e daily average increase (DAI, being 19 days after staking. The company derives the stakes with 24 days underdoing the potential of the species and structures used.Keywords: Eucalyptus, greenhouse management and rooting

Rearing of Thyrinteina arnobia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae on guava and Eucalyptus in laboratory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Harley Nonato de Oliveira

2005-09-01

Full Text Available Thyrinteina arnobia, is one of the most important defoliating caterpillars of Eucalyptus in Brazil The objective of this work was to evaluate the development and the reproduction of feeding on leaves of guava (Psidium guajava or Eucalyptus grandis in the 15th generation, after rearing this species for 14 genrations on guava leaves. T. arnobia showed shorter larval period, better viability of caterpillars and pupae, heavier pupae, higher number of eggs per female, better egg viability and shorter longevity of females in guava leaves than in Eucalyptus leaves. The better development and reproduction with P. guajava showed that this insect could be reared in laboratory with guava leaves.Thyrinteina arnobia, é umas das mais importantes lagartas desfolhadoras de eucalipto no Brasil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento e a reprodução desse lepidóptero em folhas de goiabeira (Psidium guajava e Eucalyptus grandis, na 15º geração, após criar essa espécie por 14 gerações em folhas de goiabeira. T. arnobia apresentou menor período larval, maior viabilidade de lagartas e de pupas, maior peso pupal, maior número de ovos totais por fêmea e viabilidade de ovos e menor longevidade de fêmeas com folhas de goiabeira. Além disso, teve melhor desempenho e reprodução com P. guajava, do que com folhas de E. grandis, mostrando que esse inseto pode ser criado com folhas de goiabeira em laboratório.

Estudo da massa específica básica e da variação dimensional da madeira de três espécies de eucalipto para a indústria moveleira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camila Santos Doubek Lopes

2011-06-01

Full Text Available A utilização da madeira de árvores de espécies de reflorestamento pela indústria moveleira tem apresentado tendência de crescimento nos últimos anos. Nesse sentido, no presente trabalho foram determinadas a massa específica básica e variação dimensional da madeira de árvores de Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus dunnii e Eucalyptus urophylla, de 18 anos, para a aplicação como componentes de madeira maciça em movelaria. Os ensaios laboratoriais para a avaliação da massa específica básica e da variação dimensional da madeira nos sentidos radial e longitudinal do tronco das árvores de eucaliptos foram realizados de acordo com a NBR 7190/96. Os resultados da análise da madeira das espécies de eucalipto foram submetidos ao Teste de Homogeneidade, Análise de Variância, Teste de Tukey e Correlação de Pearson e comparados com o desempenho da madeira de sucupira (Bowdichia nitida e de cumaru (Dipteryx odorata utilizadas na indústria moveleira. Verificou-se para a madeira de Eucalyptus grandis menor valor de variação dimensional, sendo a mais indicada para componentes de móveis que exigem elevada estabilidade dimensional, além de peças de maior superfície. A madeira dessa espécie apresentou índice de variação dimensional compatível com o de espécies nativas utilizadas na indústria moveleira. Verificou-se, ainda, variação radial das propriedades da madeira, com alta correlação entre a massa específica básica e a variação dimensional. No sentido longitudinal, a base do tronco das árvores de eucalipto mostrou-se com a região de madeira de maior estabilidade dimensional.

Multiplicação in vitro de Eucalyptus grandis sob estímulo com benzilaminopurina In vitro multiplication of Eucalyptus grandis under BAP pulse

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wirifran Fernandes de Andrade

2006-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do estímulo com benzilaminopurina (BAP na multiplicação in vitro de Eucalyptus grandis. Foram avaliadas as interações entre concentrações de BAP (0, 200, 400 e 600 mg L-1, tempo de exposição (1, 2 e 3 horas, pH (3 e 5,8 da solução e alterações morfológicas dos explantes. Semanalmente, foi determinada a massa da matéria fresca dos explantes. Aos 21 dias de cultura, foram avaliados: o número de brotações por tratamento, o número de brotações obtidas por explante (taxa de multiplicação, e foi realizado o resgate das plântulas para avaliação histológica. O pH não apresentou interação com os demais fatores estudados. Os tratamentos com BAP a 200 mg L-1, durante 1 e 2 horas, apresentaram-se como os mais indicados na multiplicação do E. grandis. Houve intensificação da divisão celular, no parênquima cortical e no procâmbio, representada pelo surgimento de meristemóides, em resposta aos tratamentos com 200 mg L-1 de BAP, durante 1 e 2 horas. O estímulo com BAP na multiplicação in vitro de E. grandis é viável.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of pulse on in vitro multiplication of Eucalyptus grandis. Interactions were evaluated among BAP concentrations (0, 200, 400 and 600 mg L-1, exposure time (1, 2 and 3 hours, pH values (3 and 5.8, and explant morphological changes. Fresh weight of the explants was determined weekly. At 21 days of culture, valuations were made of the number of shootings per treatment, number of shootings obtained per explant (multiplication rate, and seedlings rescue was accomplished for histological analysis. The pH values did not present any interaction with the other factors. The most significant treatments on E. grandis shoot multiplications were 200 mg L-1 of 6-BAP during 1 and 2 hours. There was an intensification of cell division in the cortical parenchyma and procambium, represented by the arising of meristems in

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANATOMY AND DRYING IN Eucalyptus grandis X Eucalyptus urophylla WOOD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antônio José Vinha Zanuncio

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Drying is an important step to using wood and anatomical characteristics influence this process. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between anatomy and wood drying. Samples with 2 x 2 x 4 cm were obtained from eight Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis clones at 1.3 m height to evaluate the anatomy and drying in climate chamber during 15 days. Cell wall fraction was established as the parameter that best correlated with drying, the Pearson correlation coefficient between this parameter and moisture was -0.8986, -0.6580, 0.9216, 0.8743, 0.7131 and 0.8727 for saturated wood, and after 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 days of drying, respectively. The frequency and vessel size, as well as the height and width of the rays showed low relation with wood drying. Wood anatomy, mainly the cell wall fraction, influences moisture losses and should be considered in wood drying programs.

Tolerance of Anadenanthera peregrina to Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus grandis essential oil as condition for mixed plantation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Neimar de Freitas Duarte

2012-06-01

Full Text Available With the purpose of selecting the species of woody Caatinga for mixed plantations with Eucalyptus spp., the allelophatic effects of E. camaldulensis and E. grandis essential oil were studied on the growth activities of Anadenanthera peregrina. The plants were closed in glass chambers in the presence of volatile oil of E. camaldulensis or E. grandis at the concentration of 13 nl.cm-3. The number of leaves, height and diameter at soil lever were compared before, immediately after and after 30 days. Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and dry mass were evaluated after the treatment application. There was no inhibitory effect of E. camaldulensis and E. grandis oils on A. peregrina. E. camaldulensis, which was more adapted to semi-arid conditions, was planted in mixture stands with two native legume species, inoculated with Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. E. camaldulensis did not inhibit native species growth after two years of cultivation.

CANONICAL CORRELATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WOOD OF Eucalyptus grandis AND Eucalyptus saligna CLONES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Fernando Trugilho

2003-01-01

Full Text Available The analysis of canonical correlation measures the existence and the intensity of the association between two groups of variables. The research objectified to evaluate thecanonical correlation between chemical and physical characteristics and fiber dimensional ofwood of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna clones, verifying the interdependenceamong the groups of studied variables. The analysis indicated that the canonical correlationswere high and that in two cases the first and second pair were significant at the level of 1% ofprobability. The analysis of canonical correlation showed that the groups are notindependent. The intergroup associations indicated that the wood of high insoluble lignin contentand low ash content is associated with the high radial and tangential contraction and highbasic density wood.

Aplicación de boro en eucalipto: comparación de fuentes Aplicação de boro em eucalipto: comparação de fontes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Gabriel Ferrando

2012-12-01

Full Text Available La deficiencia de boro (B en sistemas forestales ha sido reportada en diferentes especies de pino y eucalipto, verificándose importantes mejoras en la producción y/o calidad de madera, con el agregado de este nutriente. La baja retranslocación del B dentro de la planta hace necesario un aporte constante para satisfacer las demandas del cultivo. Al ser un nutriente muy poco retenido por el suelo está sujeto a pérdidas por lixiviación. El uso de fertilizantes solubles brinda una solución a corto plazo, muy dependiente de situaciones ambientales, mientras que las fuentes de liberación lenta permitirían un aporte más constante y por más tiempo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la disponibilidad en el tiempo del B proveniente de diferentes fuentes, a través de cambios en las concentraciones foliares de Eucalyptus globulus (Labille y Eucalyptus grandis (Hill ex Maiden, en distintas situaciones de suelos y manejo. Se instalaron tres experimentos de campo de comparación de fuentes boratadas (borato de sodio vs ulexita, aplicadas en cobertura, a árboles con seis meses de transplantados, en distintos sitios experimentales de Uruguay. A los 6, 12 y 24 meses luego de la fertilización se evaluaron las concentraciones foliares de B. La ulexita mostró una alta solubilidad y baja residualidad, con similar eficiencia que el borato de sodio como aporte de B para los eucaliptos. La dosis de B aplicada (4 g de B por planta parecería ser suficiente para alcanzar niveles foliares que podrían considerarse de suficiencia, sin llegar a niveles de toxicidad.A deficiência de boro (B em sistemas de produção florestal tem sido relatada em várias espécies de pinheiros e eucaliptos, verificando-se melhorias significativas na produção e/ou qualidade da madeira, com a adição desse nutriente. A baixa translocação de B dentro da planta faz necessário um fornecimento constante para atender as demandas da cultura. Sendo um nutriente pouco retido

Interspecific hybridization and inbreeding effect in seed from a Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clonal orchard in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Campinhos Eduardo N.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available We used allozyme markers to estimate the amount of natural hybridization between Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla in a 7.4-hectare commercial hybrid-seed orchard planted in Espírito Santo, Brazil. This orchard was planted in 1982 using a honeycomb design, with each hexagonal plot containing one E. grandis tree surrounded by six E. urophylla trees. There were 267 replicated hexagonal plots in the orchard. Seeds were harvested from the E. grandis clone only. The multilocus outcrossing rate estimated for the E. grandis clone averaged 70.2%, ranging from 33.0 to 99.0% among individual trees. Contaminant pollination, inferred from progeny genotypes containing alleles not present in the seven parental clones, accounted for 14.4% of the hybrid seed. Contaminant pollen was attributed to neighboring eucalyptus stands isolated from the orchard by a 400-m wide belt of native forest. Inbred and hybrid progenies were identified by their allozyme genotypes and transplanted to the field. Field growth of inbred progeny was 30% lower than that of hybrid plants at two and three years of age.

Dry mass allocation, water use efficiency and delta C-13 in clones of Eucalyptus grandis, E-grandis x camaldulensis and E-grandis x nitens grown under two irrigation regimes

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Le Roux, D

1996-05-01

Full Text Available - cial clones of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. implying that less water-use-efficient trees were more productive (Bond and Stock 1990). Similarly, growing season WUE and delta13C were positively correlated in western larch and Eucalyptus globulus... regimes DEBBIE LE ROUX,1,2 WILLIAM D. STOCK,3 WILLIAM J. BOND3 and DAVID MAPHANGA4 1 Division of Forest Science and Technology, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa 2 Present address: Department of Botany, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA 3 Department...

Competitividade da cadeia produtiva da madeira de eucalipto no Brasil Competitiveness of the Brazilian eucalyptus production chain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Naisy Silva Soares

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar a competitividade da cadeia produtiva da madeira de eucalipto no Brasil, comparando diferentes sistemas de produção, por meio da matriz de análise política (MAP. Pelos resultados, conclui-se que a lucratividade privada e social da produção e comercialização da madeira de eucalipto foi positiva e maior em áreas motomecanizáveis; os produtores brasileiros foram penalizados por políticas públicas adotadas para o setor; a produção em áreas motomecanizáveis apresentou-se mais competitiva e menos exposta aos efeitos negativos das políticas públicas; e os produtores nacionais tiveram seus lucros reduzidos.The present work aimed to analyze the competitiveness of the eucalyptus productive chain in Brazil, comparing different production systems, through a policy analysis matrix (PAM. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the private and social profitability of the production and commercialization of eucalyptus was positive and greater in flat areas; Brazilian producers were penalized by the public policies adopted for the sector; the production in flat areas was more competitive and less exposed to the negative effects of public policies; and national producers had decreased profits.

Efeito da hidrólise ácida dos taninos de Eucalyptus grandis w. hill ex Maiden nas propriedades dos adesivos tânicos Effect of the acid hydrolyses of Eucalyptus grandis w. hill ex Maiden tannins in the properties of the tannic adhesives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da hidrólise ácida sobre as propriedades e resistência ao cisalhamento dos adesivos de taninos, extraídos a partir da casca de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. Os adesivos foram sintetizados com taninos hidrolisados, empregando-se quatro valores de pH, três tempos de reação e 10% de formaldeído em relação à massa seca de taninos. Foram produzidas 96 juntas coladas, constituídas de duas lâminas de madeira de Eucalyptus grandis. As resistências ao cisalhamento e falha na madeira foram determinadas de acordo com a norma ASTM D 2339-93. Concluiu-se que a hidrólise ácida dos taninos reduziu a viscosidade dos adesivos e aumentou a resistência ao cisalhamento na linha de cola. De modo geral, as juntas coladas apresentaram baixo percentual de falha na madeira.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the acid hydrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden bark tannins on the properties of tannic adhesives. Adhesives were synthesized with tannins hydrolyzed at four pH values, three reaction times and 10% of formaldehyde based on the tannin dry weight. Ninety-six glued joints were prepared with Eucalyptus grandis thin boards. Shear resistance and wood failure percentage were determined according to the ASTM D 2339-93 standards. It was concluded that tannin hydrolysis decreased adhesive viscosity and increased the glue line shear resistance. However, it was observed a low percentage of wood failure.

Seletivicty of eucalyptus genotypes to herbicides rates / Seletividade de genótipos de eucalipto a doses de herbicidas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Siumar Pedro Tironi

2010-09-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work was to quantify the herbicide selectivity applied at post-emergence of eucalyptus in different rates. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions in the period from January to March 2007 at the Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel in Universidade Federal de Pelotas – Capão do Leão-RS. Experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Treatments were in a factorial scheme: factor A - eucalyptus genotypes (E. globulus e E. saligna, factor B - herbicides (isoxaflutole, oxyfluorfen, bispyribac-sodium and sethoxydim+diclosulam, and factor C – rates of the registered average for weed control (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200%. Phytotoxicity, height, stem diameter and dry matter were evaluated. E. globulus genotype was more sensitive to herbicides than E. saligna. The mixture of the herbicides sethoxydim plus diclosulam showed potential to be used in eucalyptus. Bispyribac-sodium herbicide was the most toxic and isoxaflutole was the most selective to the studied genotypes.O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência na cultura do eucalipto em função de diferentes doses. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, pertencente a Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, no Município de Capão do Leão – RS, no período de janeiro a março de 2007. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi completamente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial, onde o fator A testou genótipos de eucalipto (E. globulus e E. saligna, o fator B comparou quatro herbicidas (isoxaflutole, oxyfluorfen, bispyribac-sodium e sethoxydim+diclosulam e o fator C doses (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200% da dose média registrada para controle de plantas daninhas. As variáveis avaliadas foram fitotoxicidade, estatura, diâmetro do caule e matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas de eucalipto. O gen

Permeability measuremens of brazilian Eucalyptus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcio Rogério da Silva

2010-09-01

Full Text Available The permeability of Brazilian Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus citriodora wood was measured in a custom build gas analysis chamber in order to determine which species could be successfully treated with preservatives. Liquid permeability was tested using an emulsion of Neen oil and a control of distillated water. Air was used to test the gas phase permeability. For both Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus citriodora, the longitudinal permeability of gas was shown to be about twice as great as the liquid phase permeability. No radial permeability was observed for either wood. The permeability of air and water through the sapwood of Eucalyptus grandis was greater than that through the sapwood of Eucalyptus citriodora. The permeability of neen oil preservative through the sapwood of Eucalyptus grandis was also greater than through the sapwood of E. Citradora, but the difference was not statistically significant. Scanning Electron Microscopy images showed that the distribution and obstruction in the vessels could be correlated with observed permeability properties. Irrespective of the causes of differences in permeability between the species, the fluid phase flux through the sapwood of both species was significant, indicating that both Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus citriodora could be successfully treated with wood preservative.

QUALIDADE DA CELULOSE KRAFT-ANTRAQUINONA DE Eucalyptus dunnii PLANTADO EM CINCO ESPAÇAMENTOS EM RELAÇÃO AO Eucalyptus grandis E Eucalyptus saligna

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Cladis Mezzomo da Silva

1997-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho analisou o efeito de cinco espaçamentos de Eucalyptus dunnii (3 m x 1 m; 3 m x 1,5 m; 3 m x 2 m; 3 m x 3 m; 3 m x 4 m, para produção de celulose kraft-antraquinona, comparados com Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus saligna (ambos no espaçamento 3 m x 2 m. Avaliaram-se a densidade básica e composição química da madeira original, analisando-se extrativos em diclorometano, pentosanas, lignina, solubilidade em NaOH8% e cinzas. Os cavacos foram submetidos a cozimento kraft-antraquinona com álcali ativo variando de 18,5 a 21% para obter um número kappa 17± 1,5; sulfidez a 8%, antraquinona base madeira 0,05%, relação licor/madeira 4:1, tempo até temperatura máxima 60 minutos, tempo à temperatura máxima 45 minutos. A celulose marrom resultante do cozimento kraft-antraquinona foi caracterizada e analisada em seus aspectos físico-químicos (rendimentos, rejeitos, número kappa, viscosidade intrínseca, alvura e solubilidade em NaOH5%. Uma parte desta sofreu refinação em moinho Jökro ao nível de 35°SR e, juntamente com a polpa não-refinada, foram submetidas a testes físico-mecânicos e óticos (resistência à tração, alongamento, estouro, rasgo, volume específico, alvura, resistência ao ar Gurley e ascensão capilar Klemm. O maior consumo de álcali ativo (20,5% ocorreu em espaçamento 3 m x 4 m, proporcionando maior degradação da polpa. Todos os espaçamentos caracterizados apresentaram viabilidade para a produção de celulose kraft-antraquinona, podendo proporcionar redução nos custos de produção de celulose, devido aos menores consumos apresentados de álcali ativo e madeira quando comparados com Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus saligna. Os valores de extrativos e cinzas mostraram-se elevados para Eucalyptus dunnii, potencializando possíveis impactos em termos de incrustações e fechamento de circuito no processo fabril. Diante dos resultados obtidos, a celulose de Eucalyptus dunnii atende às exig

Riqueza de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae epigéicas em povoamentos de Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae de diferentes idades no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Richness of epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae in Eucalyptus spp. plantations with different ages in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ricardo Carvalho Fonseca

2004-03-01

Full Text Available Este estudo descreve as comunidades de formigas de solo em povoamentos de eucalipto implantados em ecossistema de restinga no Rio Grande do Sul. As coletas de formigas foram feitas em seis povoamentos de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden e de Eucalyptus saligna Smith com idades de 31, 19, sete e cinco anos. Para as coletas de formigas, foram selecionados ao acaso 24 talhões, quatro por povoamento. Em cada talhão, foram traçados três transectos com 100 m de comprimento, afastados entre si 12 m. Ao longo dos transectos, foram enterradas 30 armadilhas, tipo pitfall, com iscas de sardinha, afastadas entre si 10 m e mantidas por 24 horas. Foi coletado um total de 21.033 formigas pertencentes a cinco subfamílias, 12 tribos, 19 gêneros e 49 espécies. De acordo com o estimador de riqueza jackknife de primeira ordem, não houve diferenças significativas entre as riquezas das comunidades de formigas considerando as espécies de eucalipto (U = 81,500; g.l.=1; P=0,582 e as idades dos povoamentos (U=2,504; g.l.=3; P=0,547. Os resultados indicam que a riqueza de espécies de formigas não está relacionada à espécie de eucalipto e/ou à idade do povoamento implantado na restinga.The present study describes the epigaeic ant communities in eucalyptus plantations in sandbank in Rio Grande do Sul State. Ant collections were performed in six plantations of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Eucalyptus saligna Smith with ages varying between five to 31 years old. A total of 24 areas (four/area were randomly selected for ant collections. In each one, three transects of 100 m were designed at intervals of 12 m. Along each transect, ten pitfall traps with sardine baits were placed, at intervals of 10 m for a 24-hour-period. A total of 21,033 ants were collected, belonging to five subfamilies, 12 tribes, 19 genera and 49 species. According to the jackknife estimator of first order, there was no significant difference between the ant communities richness

Identification of PEG-induced water stress responsive transcripts using co-expression network in Eucalyptus grandis.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghosh Dasgupta, Modhumita; Dharanishanthi, Veeramuthu

2017-09-05

Ecophysiological studies in Eucalyptus have shown that water is the principal factor limiting stem growth. Effect of water deficit conditions on physiological and biochemical parameters has been extensively reported in Eucalyptus. The present study was conducted to identify major polyethylene glycol induced water stress responsive transcripts in Eucalyptus grandis using gene co-expression network. A customized array representing 3359 water stress responsive genes was designed to document their expression in leaves of E. grandis cuttings subjected to -0.225MPa of PEG treatment. The differentially expressed transcripts were documented and significantly co-expressed transcripts were used for construction of network. The co-expression network was constructed with 915 nodes and 3454 edges with degree ranging from 2 to 45. Ninety four GO categories and 117 functional pathways were identified in the network. MCODE analysis generated 27 modules and module 6 with 479 nodes and 1005 edges was identified as the biologically relevant network. The major water responsive transcripts represented in the module included dehydrin, osmotin, LEA protein, expansin, arabinogalactans, heat shock proteins, major facilitator proteins, ARM repeat proteins, raffinose synthase, tonoplast intrinsic protein and transcription factors like DREB2A, ARF9, AGL24, UNE12, WLIM1 and MYB66, MYB70, MYB 55, MYB 16 and MYB 103. The coordinated analysis of gene expression patterns and coexpression networks developed in this study identified an array of transcripts that may regulate PEG induced water stress responses in E. grandis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Produção de biomassa e remoção de nutrientes em povoamentos de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh, Eucalyptus grandis hill ex Maiden e Eucalyptus torelliana F. Muell, plantados em Anhembí, SP.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauro Valdir Schumacher

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Neste trabalho estudou-se a distribuição de biomassa e a quantidade de nutrientes estocados nos diferentes compartimentos (folhas, ramos, casca e lenho das árvores de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh, Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden e Eucalyptus torelliana F. Muell com 9, 9 e 12 anos de idade, respectivamente, plantados em solos de textura arenosa e baixa fertilidade, em Anhembi - SP. A espécie E. grandis foi a que apresentou a maior produção de biomassa para todos os compartimentos analisados, com exceção dos ramos grossos. Nas três espécies o tronco (casca + lenho representou em média 90% da biomassa acima do solo. Os nutrientes concentraram-se de forma decrescente nas folhas, ramos, casca e lenho. As copas das árvores foram responsáveis pelo acúmulo de, aproximadamente, 24% dos nutrientes contidos na biomassa total das árvores. Na casca encontram-se as maiores quantidades de cálcio, aproximadamente 60% do total. A espécie E. grandis removeu do solo a maior quantidade de nutrientes, desenvolvendo através da queda de folhedo menores quantidades que as outras espécies. Desta forma cuidados especiais deverão ser dispensados para garantir a produtividade das rotações futuras.

Calcium and potassium silicates and the growth of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings Aplicação de silicatos de cálcio e de potássio e o crescimento de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Itamar Antonio Bognola

2011-06-01

Full Text Available

The use of silicate is a practice that has been frequently adopted in annual crops, although few studies have been conducted in order to verify its efficiency in forest tree species. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of calcium and potassium silicates in the growth of seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in Alambari county, State of São Paulo. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted, with eight treatments, three replications and 25 plants per plot, maintained at the field capacity moisture level. Seedlings were planted in plastic tubes using local substrate, basic fertilization and silicates. Diameter, height and fresh and dry biomass of the seedlings were determined 150 days after silicates treatments were applied. The use of silicates either in the substrate or through foliar application, in the production of eucalypt seedlings has proven to be inadequate when the substrate presents a balanced basic composition in terms of nutrients and pH.

doi: 10.4336/2011.pfb.31.66.83

Qualidade da celulose kraft-antraquinona de Eucalyptus dunnii plantado em cinco espaçamentos em relação ao Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus saligna.

OpenAIRE

Giovanni Willer Ferreira; Jorge Vieira Gonzaga; Celso Edmundo B. Foelkel; Teotônio Francisco de Assis; Edvins Ratnieks; Maria Cladis Mezzomo da Silva

2009-01-01

Este trabalho analisou o efeito de cinco espaçamentos de Eucalyptus dunnii (3 m x 1 m; 3 m x 1,5 m; 3 m x 2 m; 3 m x 3 m; 3 m x 4 m), para produção de celulose kraft-antraquinona, comparados com Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus saligna (ambos no espaçamento 3 m x 2 m). Avaliaram-se a densidade básica e composição química da madeira original, analisando-se extrativos em diclorometano, pentosanas, lignina, solubilidade em NaOH8% e cinzas. Os cavacos foram submetidos a cozimento kraft-antraqu...

[Community structure of soil fauna in Eucalyptus grandis plantations at different slope locations].

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Yu; Zhong, Yu; Zhang, Jian; Yang, Wan-qin

2010-09-01

To understand the effects of slope location on the community structure of soil fauna in Eucalyptus grandis plantation, an investigation was made on the soil fauna in 3 E. grandis plantations at different slope locations in the hilly area of Sichuan Province from January to October 2009. A total of 39,2762 individuals were observed, belonging to 146 groups, 7 phyla, 16 classes, and 31 orders. The community composition, trophic group, diversity, and seasonal dynamics of soil fauna in the plantations all varied with slope. The abundance of macro-fauna, xeric meso- and micro-fauna, saprophagous macro-fauna, and omnivorous xeric meso- and micro-fauna increased with the decrease of slope, indicating that soil fauna had sensitive responses to the soil environmental factors affected by slope. Significant differences in the diversity of soil saprophagous macro-fauna and hygrophilous meso- and micro-fauna were observed at different slope locations, suggesting that these two faunal groups could be used as the indicators of the habitat heterogeneity of E. grandis plantations at different slope. Overall, slope location had definite effects on the community structure and distribution of soil fauna in the E. grandis plantations, but the effects were not statistically significant.

Qualidade da celulose kraft-antraquinona de Eucalyptus dunnii plantado em cinco espaçamentos em relação ao Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus saligna.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Giovanni Willer Ferreira

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Este trabalho analisou o efeito de cinco espaçamentos de Eucalyptus dunnii (3 m x 1 m; 3 m x 1,5 m; 3 m x 2 m; 3 m x 3 m; 3 m x 4 m, para produção de celulose kraft-antraquinona, comparados com Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus saligna (ambos no espaçamento 3 m x 2 m. Avaliaram-se a densidade básica e composição química da madeira original, analisando-se extrativos em diclorometano, pentosanas, lignina, solubilidade em NaOH8% e cinzas. Os cavacos foram submetidos a cozimento kraft-antraquinona com álcali ativo variando de 18,5 a 21% para obter um número kappa 17± 1,5; sulfidez a 8%, antraquinona base madeira 0,05%, relação licor/madeira 4:1, tempo até temperatura máxima 60 minutos, tempo à temperatura máxima 45 minutos. A celulose marrom resultante do cozimento kraft-antraquinona foi caracterizada e analisada em seus aspectos físico-químicos (rendimentos, rejeitos, número kappa, viscosidade intrínseca, alvura e solubilidade em NaOH5%. Uma parte desta sofreu refinação em moinho Jökro ao nível de 35°SR e, juntamente com a polpa não-refinada, foram submetidas a testes físico-mecânicos e óticos (resistência à tração, alongamento, estouro, rasgo, volume específico, alvura, resistência ao ar Gurley e ascensão capilar Klemm. O maior consumo de álcali ativo (20,5% ocorreu em espaçamento 3 m x 4 m, proporcionando maior degradação da polpa. Todos os espaçamentos caracterizados apresentaram viabilidade para a produção de celulose kraft-antraquinona, podendo proporcionar redução nos custos de produção de celulose, devido aos menores consumos apresentados de álcali ativo e madeira quando comparados com Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus saligna. Os valores de extrativos e cinzas mostraram-se elevados para Eucalyptus dunnii, potencializando possíveis impactos em termos de incrustações e fechamento de circuito no processo fabril. Diante dos resultados

Efeito do comprimento do corpo-de-prova na velocidade ultra-sônica em madeiras Effect of the size of the specimen on ultrasonic velocity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiana Goia Rosa de Oliveira

2006-02-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a variação da velocidade ultra-sônica longitudinal em função do comprimento da peça de madeira. As espécies utilizadas foram: pinus caribaea (Pinus caribaea var. caribaea eucalipto citriodora (Eucalyptus citriodora, eucalipto grandis (Eucalyptus grandis e jatobá (Hymenaea sp. Utilizou-se equipamento de ultra-som com transdutores exponenciais de 22 kHz. Foram feitas medições do tempo de propagação das ondas ultra-sônicas, com o comprimento variando de 300 cm a 10 cm e mantendo-se a seção transversal constante de 12 cm x 5 cm. Os resultados apontaram que ocorre variação da velocidade em função da distância percorrida e do comprimento de onda (lambda utilizado. Conclui-se que adequar a freqüência do transdutor com o comprimento da peça é essencial para a determinação correta da velocidade ultra-sônica em madeiras.This paper reports on a study of the variation of ultrasonic velocity with the length of the specimen of pinus caribaea (Pinus caribaea var. caribaea eucalipto citriodora (Eucalyptus citriodora, eucalipto grandis (Eucalyptus grandis and jatobá (Hymenaea sp. Ultrasonic measurements were taken with an experimental apparatus having 22 kHz transducers. Tests were carried out with length from 300 cm to 10 cm and constant cross-section (12 cm x 5 cm. The results showed that velocity of ultrasonic waves is sensitive to changes in the distance between transducers and wavelength (lambda. The adjustment between the frequency of transducer and the length of the specimen is essential in order to obtain correct measurements of ultrasonic velocity in wood.

Avaliação in vitro da atividade antifúngica de extratos de plantas e óleo de eucalipto sobre Trichophyton mentagrophytes In vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity of plant extracts and eucalyptus oil on Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D.F.R. Frias

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a ação antifúngica de extratos de plantas medicinais e óleo de eucalipto frente ao dermatófito Trichophyton mentagropytes, visando a utilização da fitoterapia no controle. As plantas utilizadas na obtenção dos extratos foram arruda (Ruta graveolens, citronela (Cymbopogon nardus, cravo de defunto (Tagetes minuta, eucalipto (Eucalyptus spp, graviola (Annona muricata, fruta do conde (Annona spp, manga (Mangifera indica, romã (Punica granatum, flores e folhas de primavera (Bougainvillea spectabilis. Verificou-se que uso de 0,5% óleo de eucalipto no combate ao T. mentagropytes foi eficaz, já os extratos de citronela (4% eucalipto (5% e romã (8% atuaram como fungistáticos e os restantes não devem ser usados contra este dermatófito porque não causaram nenhum efeito.The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal action of medicinal plant extracts and eucalyptus oil against the dermatophyte Trichophyton mentagrophytes in order to employ phytotherapy for its control. The plants used for extract production were common rue (Ruta graveolens, citronella (Cymbopogon nardus, wild marigold (Tagetes minuta, eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp, sweetsop (Annona muricata, custard apple (Annona spp, mango (Mangifera indica, pomegranate (Punica granatum, besides flowers and leaves of bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis. The use of 0.5% eucalyptus oil was effective in controlling Trichophyton mentagrophytes; however, citronella (4%, eucalyptus (5% and pomegranate (8% extracts acted as fungistatic, and the remaining extracts should not be used against this dermatophyte since they did not have any effect.

ESPÉCIES DE CUPINS (ISOPTERA EM CULTURA DE EUCALIPTO SOB DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE MANEJO DE IRRIGAÇÃO, EM REGIÃO DE TRANSIÇÃO CERRADO-PANTANAL DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Paula Tavares da Silva

2015-02-01

Full Text Available O eucalipto sofre severos danos por cupins durante a implantação das mudas no campo, sendo considerada praga importante da cultura. No ecótono Cerrado/Pantanal não existem estudos anteriores sobre a ocorrência de cupins em plantações de eucalipto. O objetivo foi conhecer a riqueza de cupins, sua distribuição nos tratamentos e a influência do ambiente nas populações de cupins, nos híbridos de eucalipto Eucalyptus grandis x E. camaldulensis e Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis com fertirrigação por gotejamento, microaspersão e sequeiro. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições. A riqueza de cupins foi associada pela Análise de Correspondência e pela influência climática pela Análise de Componentes Principais. Os cupins foram coletados de março de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013, em 432 parcelas de 4,0 x 2,25 m, em uma área de 3 ha, seguindo o protocolo rápido de coleta, observando-se a serrapilheira, e até 30 cm de profundidade no solo. Obtiveram-se 18 espécies de Termitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Heterotermitinae, Syntermitinae, Apicotermitinae e Nasutitermitinae. Nos tratamentos com gotejamento, houve a maior frequência total, com presença de 18 espécies de cupins nos híbridos, sem associação significativa. A associação entre espécies de cupins e tratamentos constituiu quatro grupos. A precipitação e a umidade relativa do ar influenciaram significativamente na comunidade dos cupins. Portanto, a maior riqueza de espécies ocorreu nos tratamentos com gotejamento. Das espécies consideradas pragas de eucalipto, destacou-se Syntermes molestus, pela sua maior frequência durante as coletas. Ocorreu diferença significativa na distribuição das espécies de cupins associadas aos tratamentos entre os meses de coleta. A riqueza e a distribuição dos cupins são influenciadas ao longo do ano pelos diferentes manejos de irrigação em áreas de cultivo de eucalipto.

Investigation of ESEM/EDX to measure liquor penetration and diffusion in Eucalyptus grandis wood chips during kraft pulping

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Grzeskowiak, V

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray (ESEM/EDX) was optimised to measure the penetration and diffusion of cooking liquor into Eucalyptus grandis wood chips during kraft pulping. The moisture content...

Parametrização do modelo 3-PG para eucalipto na região do cerrado de Minas Gerais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jarbas Silva Borges

2012-09-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050986623O modelo 3-PG é uma ferramenta eficaz para determinação do potencial produtivo de florestas de eucalipto. No entanto, as parametrizações deste modelo, hoje disponíveis, produzem resultados subestimados quando aplicadas à região do Cerrado de Minas Gerais. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi parametrizar o modelo 3-PG para plantios de eucalipto localizados na região do Cerrado de Minas Gerais. Para isso, foram utilizados dados de povoamentos de híbridos clonais de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, com idades entre 3 e 84 meses, localizados nas regiões de Curvelo e Itacambira  – MG. As estimativas de crescimento obtidas pelo modelo 3-PG foram comparadas com dados de crescimento de povoamentos florestais medidos nas duas regiões, até a idade de 84 meses. O conjunto de valores de parâmetros e variáveis obtidos neste trabalho permitiu simular com acurácia, em termos das variáveis produzidas pelo modelo, os padrões de crescimento de povoamentos florestais presentes na região do Cerrado mineiro. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a parametrização promoveu melhorias no desempenho do modelo que resultaram em estimativas acuradas de crescimento.

Use of glass transition temperature for stabilization of board's cracks of Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fred W. Calonego

2010-09-01

Full Text Available The Eucalyptus grandis logs temperatures were determined and correlated with the board's cracks during steaming. Thermocouples were inserted in the logs center, registering their temperatures during steaming at 90"C. The logs were sawed and the board's cracks measured. It was concluded that: (1 the logistic S-shaped curve explains the logs temperature variation; (2 the logs with diameter of 20 to As temperaturas em toras de Eucalyptus grandis, durante a vaporização, foram determinadas e correlacionadas com as rachaduras das tábuas. Nos centros das toras foram inseridos termopares e registradas suas temperaturas durante a vaporização à 90"C. As toras foram desdobradas e as rachaduras das tábuas mensuradas. Concluiu-se que: (1 o modelo estatístico sigmoidal logístico explica a variação da temperatura nas toras; (2 as toras com 20 a <25, 25 a <30 e 30 a <35 cm de diâmetro apresentaram, respectivamente, 84,2"C, 73,1"C e 45,8"C ao final da vaporização; e (3 as rachaduras foramsignificativamente menores nas toras que atingiram a temperatura de transição vítrea.

Uso de micorrizas e rizóbio em cultivo consorciado de eucalipto e sesbânia: I - Crescimento, absorção e tranferência de nitrogênio entre plantas Use of mycorrhizas and rhizobium in intercropping system of eucalyptus and sesbania: I - Growth, uptake and transfer of nitrogen between plants

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. A. Rodrigues

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação para avaliar os efeitos de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs e rizóbio na produção de matéria seca, na absorção e na eficiência de utilização de N por plantas de Eucalyptus grandis e Sesbania virgata, cultivadas em consorciação. Avaliou-se, também, a transferência de N da sesbânia para o eucalipto, utilizando-se o isótopo 15N. Os tratamentos constaram da inoculação, ou não, com FMAs em ambas as espécies de plantas e da inoculação, ou não, com rizóbio na sesbânia. Utilizaram-se vasos plásticos subdivididos em três compartimentos (A, B e C, cada um com 2 L de capacidade. Os compartimentos A e B foram separados por uma parede plástica e entre os compartimentos B e C foi colocada uma tela com poros de 40 mm que permitiu somente a passagem de hifas, mas não de raízes. A sesbânia foi cultivada com suas raízes subdivididas entre o compartimento A e B e o eucalipto foi cultivado no compartimento C. No compartimento A, foram adicionados 7 mg kg-1 de 15N-(NH42SO4 com 99 % de 15N. As plantas foram avaliadas aos 100 dias. Nos tratamentos com inoculação com o rizóbio, com FMAs ou com FMAs + rizóbio, foram observados, nas plantas de eucalipto, aumentos na produção de matéria seca total de 119, 223 e 209 %, respectivamente, e aumentos no conteúdo de N de 125, 247 e 310 %, respectivamente, quando comparados aos resultados do tratamento-controle. Nas plantas de sesbânia, foram observados aumentos no conteúdo de N e decréscimo na relação C/N em todos os tratamentos inoculados com os microrganismos. A eficiência de utilização de N foi maior nas plantas de eucalipto quando inoculadas com FMAs e não variou com os tratamentos nas plantas de sesbânia. Foi observada a transferência de 15N das plantas de sesbânia para o eucalipto em todos os tratamentos.This greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF and

Main lepidopteran pest species from an eucalyptus plantation in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teresinha V Zanuncio

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Lepidoptera species were monitored in a plantation of Eucalyptus grandis in the Municipality of Bom Despacho, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil from March 1987 to February 1992. A total of 547 species were collected and divided in: primary pests: 13; secondary pests: 20; species without defined importance to eucalyptus: 79; and non-identified species: 435. These four groups had a mean of 5231.29; 338.18; 438.16 and 2222.87 individuals with a total of 8229.87 individuals collected per trap. The number of species without defined importance to eucalyptus, and non-identified species, increased during the collecting period of five years while those of primary and secondary pests showed similar numbers in all years. The most collected primary pests Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll and Stenalcidia sp. (Geometridae showed higher frequencies during the driest and coldest periods of the year, whereas Psorocampa denticulata Schaus (Notodontidae was most frequent during periods of higher rainfall. Species of groups III and IV increased in diversity with eucalyptus age. This area has a high probability of outbreaks of eucalyptus defoliating caterpillars, especially T. arnobia. For this reason, lepidopteran pests should be monitored in this plantation during the driest and coldest periods of the year, when they can reach population peaks. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54(2: 553-560. Epub 2006 Jun 01.De marzo de 1987 a febrero de 1992 se realizó un monitoreo con trampas luminosas en plantaciones de Eucalyptus grandis en Bom Despacho, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se recolectaron 547 especies del orden Lepidoptera: plagas primarias: 13; plagas secundarias: 20; especies sin importancia definida para el cultivo de eucalipto: 79; y especies no identificadas: 435. Estos cuatro grupos tuvieron medias de 5231.29; 338,18; 438.16 y 2222.87 individuos por trampa respectivamente, para un total de 8229.87 lepidopteros recolectados por trampa. Durante los cinco años hubo un aumento del número de

Above-ground dry matter accumulation by Eucalyptus grandis and its relation to standard meteorological data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Byrne, G.F.

1989-01-01

The relationship between the rate of increase of biomass in some stands of Eucalyptus grandis, growing near Coffs Harbour, N.S.W., Australia, is explored in terms of estimated evapotranspiration and radiation interception, and related to a similar previous study of Pinus radiata. A possible role of method of planting, site slope and site aspect in biomass increase is also discussed

Intercropping Acacia mangium stimulates AMF colonization and soil phosphatase activity in Eucalyptus grandis

OpenAIRE

Bini, Daniel; Santos, Cristiane Alcantara dos; Silva, Mylenne Calcciolari Pinheiro da; Bonfim, Joice Andrade; Cardoso, Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira

2018-01-01

ABSTRACT: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are very important to plant nutrition, mostly in terms of acquisition of P and micronutrients. While Acacia mangium is closely associated with AMF throughout the whole cycle, Eucalyptus grandis presents this symbiosis primarily at the seedling stage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of AMF in these two tree species in both pure and mixed plantations during the first 20 months after planting. We evaluated the abundance, richness an...

Determinação do tempo ótimo do enraizamento de miniestacas de clones de Eucalyptus spp. Determination of the optimum time for rooting of mini-cuttings of Eucalyptus spp. clones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eraclides Maria Ferreira

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Foi feita uma análise temporal da curva de enraizamento de dois clones híbridos de eucalipto (C1 - E. grandis x E. urophylla; C2 - E. grandis x E. saligna, visando determinar o tempo ótimo de permanência dos propágulos vegetativos na casa de enraizamento, sob o ponto de vista técnico e do risco de incidência de doenças. Constatou-se que o tempo ótimo necessário para induzir a rizogênese depende do clone de eucalipto e que o conhecimento do modelo temporal pode fornecer subsídios ao gerenciamento de viveiros florestais. Além disso, foram estabelecidos dois critérios úteis para determinar o tempo ótimo de indução do enraizamento, sendo estes o intercepto da curva de incremento corrente diário (ICD e incremento médio diário (IMD e o tempo em que ocorre o máximo valor da velocidade de enraizamento. Para os clones 1 e 2, pelo critério do intercepto das curvas de ICD e IMD, 20 e 30 dias foram definidos como tempo ótimo, enquanto pelo critério de máxima velocidade de enraizamento os valores foram de 15 e 22 dias, respectivamente, sendo este último critério o mais indicado, levando-se em consideração o custo das instalações e o risco de incidência de doenças na propagação clonal do eucalipto.A temporal analysis of the rooting curve of two hybrid clones of eucalypt (C1 - E. grandis x E. urophylla; C2 - E. grandis x E. saligna was carried out to determine the optimum time for permanence of the vegetative propagules in the rooting house, considered under the technical viewpoint and risk of disease incidence. It was found out that the optimum time needed to induce rhyzogenesis depended on the Eucalyptus clone and that a knowledge of temporal model may provide a basis for the management of forest nurseries. Besides, two useful criteria were established to determine the optimum time to induce rooting, i.e., the intercept of the daily current increase curve (DCI and daily average increase (DAI and the time during which the

Effects of impregnation of Eucalyptus grandis wood with fire-retardant salt on the production and quality of its charcoal; Efeito da impregnacao da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis com sais ignifugos na producao e na qualidade do carvao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carvalho, Ana Marcia Macedo Ladeira; Vital, Benedito Rocha; Gomide, Jose Livio; Della Lucia, Ricardo Marius; Leite, Helio Garcia [Vicosa Univ., MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Florestal

1998-12-31

The present work was carried out to investigate the effects of impregnating Eucalyptus grandis wood fire retardant salts on the production and quality of its charcoal. The wood used came from a commercial stand of 72-month old Eucalyptus grandis planted at an initial 3.0 x 2.0 m spacing, established in Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This wood was transformed in chips, treated with some fire-retardant salts and carbonized. results were evaluated through multivariate analysis. The difference among the 34 treatments, evaluated on the wood characteristics, based on group analysis, and using the distance D{sup 2} of Mahalanobis and the Tocher method, showed distinct group and subgroup formations. Based on technological data, treatment with ammonium sulphate at 15% concentration was classified as being the most promising one. The use of canonic variables analysis showed that the treatment with ammonium sulphate at a concentration of 5% was the best, and was given preference because of its lower sulphur content. (author) 12 refs., 1 fig., 7 tabs.

Microarray-based method for the parallel analysis of genotypes and expression profiles of wood-forming tissues in Eucalyptus grandis

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Barros, E

2009-05-01

Full Text Available of Eucalyptus grandis planting stock that exhibit preferred wood qualities is thus a priority of the South African forestry industry. The researchers used microarray-based DNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis in combination with expression...

Colonização micorrízica em plantios de eucalipto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Tiago da Silva Campos

2011-10-01

Full Text Available A associação micorrízica é advinda da associação simbiótica entre alguns fungos do solos e da maioria das raízes das plantas. O eucalipto possui a capacidade de se associar com dois tipos de micorrizas, a micorriza arbuscular e a ectomicorriza, o que depende muito da sua idade. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a taxa de colonização por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (MA e ectomicorrízicos (ECM e o número de esporos de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em plantios comerciais de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus urophylla, com diferentes idades e manejos, no período de dezembro de 2002 a fevereiro de 2004, na região leste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Em todas as coletas e em todas as idades dos plantios, foram encontradas MA, e ECM e a média geral da colonização por fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA foi de 26%. O número médio de esporos desses fungos de 374,7 por 100 g de solo e a colonização por fungos ectomicorrízicos (FECM de 20,2%. As maiores porcentagens de colonização por FECM foram observadas em áreas de plantios mais jovens, mas a sua maior diversidade foi observada nas áreas de plantios mais velhos. Conclui-se que a época de coleta, a idade do plantio e o manejo do solo afetam a colonização micorrízica e também a diversidade de fungos ECM e que a sucessão de eucalipto com FMA-FECM não é regra e é muito influenciada pelo tipo de manejo.

Intercropping Acacia mangium stimulates AMF colonization and soil phosphatase activity in Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Bini

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF are very important to plant nutrition, mostly in terms of acquisition of P and micronutrients. While Acacia mangium is closely associated with AMF throughout the whole cycle, Eucalyptus grandis presents this symbiosis primarily at the seedling stage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of AMF in these two tree species in both pure and mixed plantations during the first 20 months after planting. We evaluated the abundance, richness and diversity of AMF spores, the rate of AMF mycorrhizal root colonization, enzymatic activity and soil and litter C, N and P. There was an increase in AMF root colonization of E. grandis when intercropped with A. mangium as well as an increase in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase in the presence of leguminous trees. AMF colonization and phosphatase activities were both involved in improvements in P cycling and P nutrition in soil. In addition, P cycling was favored in the intercropped plantation, which showed negative correlation with litter C/N and C/P ratios and positive correlation with soil acid phosphatase activity and soil N and P concentrations. Intercropping A. mangium and E. grandis maximized AMF root colonization of E. grandis and phosphatase activity in the soil, both of which accelerate P cycling and forest performance.

Improving phosphorus availability from Patos phosphate rock for Eucalyptus: a study with 32P radiotracer; Melhorando a disponibilidade de fosforo da rocha fosforica de Patos para eucalipto: um estudo com radiotracador 32P

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Villanueva, Felipe Carlos Alvarez [Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agriculturea Tropical (INIFAT), Santiago de las Vegas, La Habana (Cuba)]. E-mail: falvarez@cena.usp.br; Muraoka, Takashi; Trevizam, Anderson Ricardo [Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Piracicaba, SP (Brazil). Lab. de Fertilidade do Solo; Franzini, Vinicius Ide [Sao Paulo Univ., Piracicaba, SP (Brazil). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz. Programa de Pos-graduacao em Solos e Nutricao de Plantas; Rocha, Alexandre Prado [Escola de Engenharia de Piracicaba, SP (Brazil)

2006-01-15

Eucalyptus plantation in Brazil is generally set on low fertility soils, therefore phosphorus (P) fertilization is mandatory and increases the cost of plantation operation. Using species that more efficiently uptake phosphorus from less soluble sources is an interesting option. However, little is known about eucalyptus regarding its ability of using less soluble forms of phosphorus. The use of P by eucalyptus (E. urophylla, E. grandis, and E. urophylla E. grandis) was studied in greenhouse using a loamy-textured, hipodystrophic Typic Haplustox from the Cerrado region, and 32P isotopic method. The P sources tested were triple superphosphate (TSP), phosphate rock (PR) and the triple superphosphate mixed with PR (TSP+PR). The effectiveness of P sources in terms of increasing dry matter yield was TSP = (TSP + PR) > PR, and the P uptake followed the order (TSP + PR) > TSP > PR for both species plus the hybrid. The increase in P uptake from PR due to TSP influence was 217.3% for E. urophylla, 235.7% for E. grandis, and 28.7% for E. urophylla E. grandis, indicating an enhancement effect of TSP on the effectiveness of PR. The hybrid E. urophylla E. grandis was the most efficient genotype on P soil use and E. grandis most exigent in P fertilizer. (author)

Fractionation of organic substances from the South African Eucalyptus grandis biomass by a combination of hot water and mild alkaline treatments

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Johakimu, Jonas K

2015-09-01

Full Text Available An alternative way of fractionating lignocellulose biomass into its individual components, hemicelluloses, lignin and cellulose, was investigated. South African Eucalyptus grandis wood chips were fractionated using a combination of hot water...

Aplicación de boro en eucalipto: comparación de fuentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Gabriel Ferrando

2012-12-01

Full Text Available La deficiencia de boro (B en sistemas forestales ha sido reportada en diferentes especies de pino y eucalipto, verificándose importantes mejoras en la producción y/o calidad de madera, con el agregado de este nutriente. La baja retranslocación del B dentro de la planta hace necesario un aporte constante para satisfacer las demandas del cultivo. Al ser un nutriente muy poco retenido por el suelo está sujeto a pérdidas por lixiviación. El uso de fertilizantes solubles brinda una solución a corto plazo, muy dependiente de situaciones ambientales, mientras que las fuentes de liberación lenta permitirían un aporte más constante y por más tiempo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la disponibilidad en el tiempo del B proveniente de diferentes fuentes, a través de cambios en las concentraciones foliares de Eucalyptus globulus (Labille y Eucalyptus grandis (Hill ex Maiden, en distintas situaciones de suelos y manejo. Se instalaron tres experimentos de campo de comparación de fuentes boratadas (borato de sodio vs ulexita, aplicadas en cobertura, a árboles con seis meses de transplantados, en distintos sitios experimentales de Uruguay. A los 6, 12 y 24 meses luego de la fertilización se evaluaron las concentraciones foliares de B. La ulexita mostró una alta solubilidad y baja residualidad, con similar eficiencia que el borato de sodio como aporte de B para los eucaliptos. La dosis de B aplicada (4 g de B por planta parecería ser suficiente para alcanzar niveles foliares que podrían considerarse de suficiencia, sin llegar a niveles de toxicidad.

Ocorrência do gafanhoto-do-coqueiro Eutropidacris cristata (orthoptera: acrididae atacando plantas de eucalipto em Minas Gerais Coconut tree grashopper, Eutropidacris cristata (orthoptera: acrididae feeding on eucalyptus trees in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ronald Zanetti

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Foram avaliados os danos causados pelo gafanhoto-do-coqueiro Eutropidacris cristata (Orthoptera: Acrididae em plantas de eucalipto, no município de Curvelo, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em junho de 2001. As amostragens foram realizadas, contando-se o número total de plantas por linha e o de plantas atacadas por classe de desfolha de 10%, a cada dez linhas de plantio, em cinco talhões de eucalipto com sinais de ataque desse gafanhoto. Calculou-se a porcentagem de desfolha por talhão e por planta de eucalipto. A porcentagem de desfolha por planta na área atacada foi de 3,70%, variando de 0,84 a 7,93%, enquanto a de plantas atacadas por talhão foi de 4,80%, variando de 1,88 a 11,54%. Os danos causados por E. cristata não justificaram medidas de controle, mas foram feitas avaliações para acompanhar a evolução do ataque desse inseto, cujas populações reduziram-se a níveis inexpressivos após 30 dias de sua constatação nesse plantio de eucalipto.Damage caused by the coconut tree grasshopper, Eutropidacris cristata (Orthoptera: Acrididae was evaluated in an eucalyptus plantation in Curvelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in June 2001. Samplings were obtained by counting the number of plants per line and the number of defoliated plants in classes of 10% in 10 planting lines of five blocks of an eucalyptus plantation. Mean percentage of defoliation per plant in the area attacked by this pest was 3.70%, varying from 0.84 to 7.93%, while the number of plants attacked by eucalyptus block was 4.80%, varying from 1.88 to 11.54%. Damage by E. cristata did not justify control measures. Evaluation of this insect showed that its population was reduced to inexpressive numbers 30 days after it was found in this eucalyptus plantation.

[Distribution pattern of meso-micro soil fauna in Eucalyptus grandis plantation].

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Yumei; Zhang, Jian; Yang, Wanqin

2006-12-01

In this paper, meso-micro soil fauna were extracted and collected by Baermann's and Tullgren' s method, and their distribution pattern in the Eucalyptus grandis plantation of Hongya County, Sichuan Province was studied. A total of 13 550 specimens were collected, belonging to 6 phyla, 13 classes, and 26 orders. Acarina, Nematoda, Collembola were the dominant groups, and Enchytraeidae was the frequent one. The group and individual numbers of meso-micro soil fauna varied with seasons, being the maximum in autumn or winter, fewer in summer, and the minimum in spring. The density of meso-micro soil fauna in soil profile decreased rapidly with increasing soil depth, but a converse distribution was observed from time to time in 5 - 10 cm and 10 - 15 cm soil layers. The meso-micro soil fauna collected by Baermann's and Tullgren's method had a density of 3. 333 x 10(3) - 2. 533 x 10(5) ind x m(-2) and 1.670 x 10(2) - 2.393 x 10(5) ind x m(-2), respectively, and the decreasing rate of the density with the increase of soil depth was higher for those collected by Tullgren's method. The density-group index of meso-micro soil fauna in the E. grandis plantation was the lowest in spring, but the highest in autumn or summer. There were no significant differences in the density of meso-micro soil fauna and in the density-group index between E. grandis plantation and Quercus acutissima secondary forest.

The Eucalyptus terpene synthase gene family.

Science.gov (United States)

Külheim, Carsten; Padovan, Amanda; Hefer, Charles; Krause, Sandra T; Köllner, Tobias G; Myburg, Alexander A; Degenhardt, Jörg; Foley, William J

2015-06-11

Terpenoids are abundant in the foliage of Eucalyptus, providing the characteristic smell as well as being valuable economically and influencing ecological interactions. Quantitative and qualitative inter- and intra- specific variation of terpenes is common in eucalypts. The genome sequences of Eucalyptus grandis and E. globulus were mined for terpene synthase genes (TPS) and compared to other plant species. We investigated the relative expression of TPS in seven plant tissues and functionally characterized five TPS genes from E. grandis. Compared to other sequenced plant genomes, Eucalyptus grandis has the largest number of putative functional TPS genes of any sequenced plant. We discovered 113 and 106 putative functional TPS genes in E. grandis and E. globulus, respectively. All but one TPS from E. grandis were expressed in at least one of seven plant tissues examined. Genomic clusters of up to 20 genes were identified. Many TPS are expressed in tissues other than leaves which invites a re-evaluation of the function of terpenes in Eucalyptus. Our data indicate that terpenes in Eucalyptus may play a wider role in biotic and abiotic interactions than previously thought. Tissue specific expression is common and the possibility of stress induction needs further investigation. Phylogenetic comparison of the two investigated Eucalyptus species gives insight about recent evolution of different clades within the TPS gene family. While the majority of TPS genes occur in orthologous pairs some clades show evidence of recent gene duplication, as well as loss of function.

Vigas de madeira laminada colada com laminas pre-classificadas de eucalyptus grandis

OpenAIRE

Grohmann, Sandra Zampieri

1998-01-01

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnologico Comprovar a viabilidade de realização e desempenho de vigas de madeira laminada colada de Eucalyptus grandis classificadas de acordo com sua rigidez cujas lâminas estão divididas em classes de resistência onde o parâmetro de comparação é o módulo de elasticidade longitudinal. Para isso caracterizou-se física e mecanicamente a madeira e fez-se a classificação das laminas em grupos de acordo com o módulo de e...

ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS FISIOLÓGICOS IN VITRO DE DIFERENTES BASES DE MEIO DE CULTURA E REGULADORES VEGETAIS EM EUCALIPTO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Débora de Araújo Mattos

2017-05-01

Full Text Available O cultivo in vitro de Eucalipto surgiu com a necessidade de clonar híbridos que possuam elevado valor econômico na indústria. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de diferentes meios de cultura (JADS e MS e citocininas (BAP, meta-Topolin e Kinetin em três concentrações (0,1; 0,2; 0,4 mg.L-1 no processo de multiplicação in vitro de dois híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, nomeados como Clone 1 e Clone 2. Os resultados indicaram que os tratamentos em meio MS foram superiores ao meio JADS, e todos os tratamentos suplementados com Kinetin foram iguais ou semelhantes aos tratamentos sem regulador vegetal. Assim, o melhor tratamento para o Clone 1 foi em base de meio MS suplementado com 0,4 mg.L-1 de BAP, enquanto que para o Clone 2 foram os tratamentos em meio MS suplementados tanto com 0,2 mg.L-1 quanto 0,4 mg.L-1 de BAP.

Effect of thermal modification on the physical properties of juvenile and mature woods of Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fred Willians Calonego

Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thermal treatment on the physical properties of juvenile and mature woods of Eucalyptus grandis. Boards were taken from 30-year-old E. grandis trees. The boards were thermally modified at 180 °C in the Laboratory of Wood Drying and Preservation at UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The results showed that thermal modification caused: (1 decrease of 6.8% in the density at 0% equilibrium moisture content of mature wood; (2 significant decreases of 14.7% and 35.6% in the maximum volumetric swellings of juvenile and mature woods, respectively; (3 significant decreases of 13.7% and 21.3% in the equilibrium moisture content of juvenile and mature woods, respectively. The influence of thermal modification in juvenile wood was lower than in mature wood and caused greater uniformity in the physical variations between these types of wood in E. grandis.

Organogênese de explante foliar de clones de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla Organogenesis of the leaf explant of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elisa Cristina Soares de Carvalho Alves

2004-05-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos dos reguladores de crescimento TDZ [1-fenil-3-(1,2,3-tia-diazol-5-iluréia], BAP (6-benzilaminopurina e ANA (ácido naftalenoacético no desempenho da propagação in vitro por organogênese de explante foliar de três clones híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. Houve resposta diferenciada dos clones quanto a intensidade, textura e coloração dos calos, em razão dos tratamentos com os reguladores de crescimento. Os melhores resultados de calejamento dos três genótipos foram observados nos tratamentos com a combinação dos reguladores de crescimento TDZ (0,5 mg L-1 e ANA (0,1 mg L-1, obtendo-se 100% de calejamento no explante foliar. Os piores resultados de calejamento foram observados nos tratamentos com a combinação dos reguladores de crescimento BAP (0,1 mg L-1 e ANA (0,1 mg L-1. Em relação à regeneração, a melhor resposta foi obtida com 1,0 mg L-1 BAP em que 8% dos calos formados a partir de explantes foliares regeneraram gemas, com número médio destas formadas por calo igual a 4,2.The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of growth regulators TDZ [1-phenil-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl urea], BAP (6-benzilaminopurine e NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid on the in vitro propagation by organogenesis from foliar explants of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. Depending on the clone used, there were singular responses to growth regulators treatment regarding callusing intensity, texture and color. The best results of the three genotypes used were observed with the TDZ (0.5 mg L-1 and NAA (0.1 mg L-1 treatment, where 100% of the foliar explants presented callus. The worst results were observed with the BAP (0.1 mg L-1 and NAA (0.1 mg L-1 treatment. Subsequently, considering the regeneration process, the best response was achieved with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP, in which 8% of the calli regenerated buds, with an average of 4.2 buds per explant.

Volume de madeira e concentração foliar de nutrientes em parcelas experimentais de Eucalyptus grandis fertilizadas com lodos de esgoto úmido e seco Wood volume and foliar concentration of nutrients in Eucalyptus grandis after wet and dry sewage sludge application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Henrique Muller da Silva

2008-10-01

Full Text Available No Brasil, diversos municípios estão construindo estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETEs, e futuramente serão produzidas anualmente milhares de toneladas de lodo para as quais deverá ser dada destinação adequada. O lodo de esgoto tratado (biossólido é o resíduo resultante do tratamento do esgoto urbano, e sua disposição final precisa ser bem planejada devido às implicações sanitárias, ambientais, econômicas e sociais. Apresenta elevado teor de matéria orgânica e de nutrientes e poderia ser utilizado como fertilizante em plantios florestais. Esta pesquisa foi realizada na Estação de Ciências Florestais de Itatinga (Universidade de São Paulo, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adição de três doses (10, 20 e 30 t ha-1 dos lodos de esgoto úmido (torta e seco (granulado, complementados com K e B e aplicados ao solo nas linhas de plantio em parcelas experimentais de Eucalyptus grandis. Dezoito meses após a implantação das mudas no campo, o volume dos troncos demonstrou aumento significativo (ao redor de 130% no tocante ao crescimento dos eucaliptos tratados com os biossólidos úmido e seco em relação à testemunha sem aplicação de fertilizante, bem como teve resultado semelhante ao do tratamento com adubo mineral. Entretanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos com a aplicação dos biossólidos úmido e seco. Com relação à nutrição mineral, foi observado aumento da concentração dos elementos P, Ca e Zn nas folhas com as maiores doses dos biossólidos, e verificou-se efeito inverso de Mn. As concentrações foliares de todos os nutrientes nos eucaliptos tratados com os biossólidos mantiveram-se dentro dos limites observados usualmente nas plantações comerciais, não havendo sinais de desequilíbrio nutricional.In Brazil, several municipalities are building waste treatment plants and in the future thousands of tons of sewage sludge will be generated. Sewage sludge is the waste left

Monocultivo de eucalipto e consórcio com sesbânia: crescimento inicial em cavas de extração de argila Eucalyptus monocropping and intercropped with sesbania: initial growth in clay mining diggings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anderson Ribeiro Santiago

2009-02-01

Full Text Available O consórcio de eucalipto com sesbânia na reabilitação de cavas de extração de argila pode representar uma forma de uso com benefícios ecológicos e econômicos, tendo em vista a sub-utilização a que essas cavas estão sendo submetidas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a sobrevivência, o crescimento inicial e características fisiológicas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, E. robusta e E. pellita, em monocultivos e plantios consorciados com Sesbania virgata. Foram instalados dois experimentos (monocultivo e plantio consorciado, numa cava de extração de argila, segundo o delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os plantios consorciados favoreceram a sobrevivência das espécies. Os eucaliptos no monocultivo apresentaram maior crescimento inicial em diâmetro do colo e em área de copa. As espécies de eucalipto responderam aos efeitos do consórcio e das podas ao longo do tempo, exceto E. tereticornis.Intercropping of Eucalyptus and sesbania for the recovery of clay mining diggings can represent ecological and economic benefits. This work aimed to evaluate survival, initial growth and physiological characteristics of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, E. robusta and E. pellita, monocropped and intercropped with Sesbania virgata. Two experiments (monocropping and intercropped were set up in a clay mining digging, arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replicates. Intercropping favored the survival of the species. Eucalyptus monocropping presented a greater initial growth in soil level diameter and canopy area. The eucalyptus species responded to the effects of intercropping and pruning, along time, except for E. tereticornis.

Effects of an inducible aiiA gene on disease resistance in Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis.

Science.gov (United States)

Ouyang, L J; Li, L M

2016-08-01

N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are metabolites of mostly gram-negative bacteria and are critical signaling molecules in bacterial quorum-sensing systems. At threshold concentrations, AHLs can activate the expression of pathogenic genes and induce diseases. Therefore, reducing AHL concentrations is a key point of disease control in plants. AHL-lactonase, which is expressed by aiiA, is widespread in Bacillus sp and can hydrolyze AHLs. In the present study, we cloned aiiA from Bacillus subtilis by PCR. A plant expression vector of aiiA was constructed and name Pcam-PPP3-aiiA, in which expression of aiiA was controlled by the pathogen-inducible plant promoter PPP3. The recombinant plasmid was transferred into Eucalyptus × urophylla × E. grandis by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. PCR and Southern blotting showed that aiiA was successfully integrated into the E. urophylla × E. grandis genome and its expression was induced by Ralstonia solanacearum 12 h after inoculation, as shown by reverse transcription-PCR. The transcription efficacy of aiiA increased 43.88-, 30.65-, and 18.95-fold after inoculation with R. solanacearum, Erwinia carotovora ssp. zeae (Sabet) and Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum, respectively as shown by RT-real-time PCR. Transgenic E.urophylla × E.grandis expressing the AIIA protein exhibited significantly enhanced disease resistance compared to non-transgenic plants by delaying the onset of wilting and reducing the disease index.

Optimal management and productivity of Eucalyptus grandis on former phosphate mined and citrus lands in central and southern Florida: influence of genetics and spacing

Science.gov (United States)

Kyle W. Fabbro; Donald L. Rockwood

2016-01-01

Eucalyptus short rotation woody crops (SRWC) with superior genotypes are promising in central and south Florida due to their fast growth, freeze resilience, coppicing ability, and site tolerance. Four Eucalyptus grandis cultivars, E.nergy™ G1, G2, G3, and/or G5, were established in 2009 at varying planting densities on a...

MICOBIOTA ASSOCIADA À MADEIRA SERRADA DE Eucalyptus grandis HILL EX MAIDEN DURANTE A SECAGEM AO AR LIVRE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Fernando Trugilho

2006-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o de acompanhar a secagem ao ar livre da madeira serrada de Eucalyptus grandis conduzida na região de Lavras, MG e identificar a micobiota associada à madeira em diversas fases da secagem. As tábuas foram cortadas de oito toras de 3,0 m de comprimento, oriundas de três árvores, com 27 anos de idade, plantadas em área experimental da UFLA. Dos resultados, pôde-se concluir que a secagem da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis ao ar livre, iniciada em janeiro, consumiu 158 dias até atingir umidade próxima a 12,5%. A curva de secagem foi representada por uma equação logarítmica com coeficiente de determinação (R2 igual a 98,3%. Os fungos causadores de bolores superficiais e de manchas tiveram maior ocorrência no início da secagem. As mais altas freqüências de fungos, verificadas no início da secagem, foram observadas para Penicillium spp. e Pestalotiopsis sp. O fungo Lentinus lepideus ocorreu com maior freqüência no final da secagem.

USE OF EUCALYPTUS WOOD FOR ORIENTED STRAND BOARD (OSB MANUFACTURING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Setsuo Iwakiri

2004-06-01

Full Text Available This research evaluated the potential use of Eucalyptus species for OSB manufacturing. The boards were manufactured at the density of 0,70 g/cm³ and 6% of the phenol-formaldheyde resin contents. The following Eucalyptus species were studied: E. grandis E. dunnii ,E. tereticornis E. saligna ,E. citriodora, and E. maculata. The results of the physical and mechanical property tests showed high potentiality of the uses of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna for OSB manufacturing, Boards manufactured with Eucalyptus grandis wood presented similar or higher average values for physical and mechanical properties, in comparison to Pinus taeda, which is the main species used for OSB production in Brazil.

ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF Eucalyptus grandis PLANTATION FOR CELLULOSE PRODUCTION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Donizette de Oliveira

2008-03-01

Full Text Available The aims of this research were: to analyze the economic feasibility of planting eucalyptus for producing wood pulp,considering various site index and two spacings; to analyze the economic effects regarding the profitability of the forest activity indifferent distances from the industry and changes on discount rate, wood price, transportation costs, minimum profitable diameter oflogs and the length of the logs. A biometric model for making wood volume prognosis was developed, using data of a trial ofEucalyptus grandis stands 19 and 103 months old. The prognosis started at the age zero, considering logs of 2.5 and 6.0 m of lenghtand the minimum diameter varying from 4 to 10 cm, in intervals of 2 cm. Net Present Worth (NPW was used as the economic decisioncriterium, considering an infinite horizon. The main conclusions were: reducing the minimum profitable diameter and the length ofthe logs are good strategies to increase wood utilization and profit; plantations located in less productive lands are economicallyunfeasible; the cost of transportation has significant effect on the profitability of the forest activity and must be analyzed carefully atthe moment of defining the location of new plantations; small variations on wood sales price may cause big alterations on theprofitability of the forest activity, suggesting that the improvement of the wood quality together with other decisions that may increasewood price are alternatives that may render the plantations in less productive areas profitable.

Phytophagy on eucalyptus plants increases the development and reproduction of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae = Fitofagia em plantas de eucaliptos aumenta o desenvolvimento e a reprodução do predador Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anderson Mathias Holtz

2011-04-01

Full Text Available The effect of plant feeding on biological aspects of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae was evaluated. Nymphs and adults of this predator were fed with Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae pupae on Eucalyptus urophylla plants inthe field or only with pupae of this prey in the laboratory. The development and nymphal survival, as well as the pre-oviposition period, number of egg masses, number, fertility and viability of eggs and the longevity of females of this predator were evaluated. The eucalyptus plants improved the development of P. nigrispinus. This demonstrates that this predator can present higher population growth with eucalyptus plants and T. molitor pupae than in the laboratory (controlled conditions only with this prey. These plants can supply nutrients that can the population growth and efficiency of P. nigrispinus for biological control in eucalyptus plantations.O efeito da alimentação em plantas sobre os aspectos biológicos de Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae foi avaliado. Ninfas e adultos desse predador foram alimentados com pupas de Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleotpera: Tenebrionidae em plantas de Eucalyptus urophylla no campo ou, apenas, em laboratório. O desenvolvimento e a sobrevivência ninfal desse predador, além do período de pré-oviposição, número de posturas, viabilidade dos ovos e afertilidade e longevidade de fêmeas foram avaliados. A planta de eucalipto proporcionou um incremento no desenvolvimento de P. nigrispinus. Isto demonstra que esse predador pode apresentar maior crescimento populacional com plantas de eucalipto e pupas de T. molitor alimentado com apenas a presa (condições controladas. A planta pode fornecer nutrientes que aumentam o crescimento populacional e a eficiência de P. nigrispinus para o controle biológico em plantios de eucalipto.

The Eucalyptus grandis R2R3-MYB transcription factor family: evidence for woody growth-related evolution and function.

Science.gov (United States)

Soler, Marçal; Camargo, Eduardo Leal Oliveira; Carocha, Victor; Cassan-Wang, Hua; San Clemente, Hélène; Savelli, Bruno; Hefer, Charles A; Paiva, Jorge A Pinto; Myburg, Alexander A; Grima-Pettenati, Jacqueline

2015-06-01

The R2R3-MYB family, one of the largest transcription factor families in higher plants, controls a wide variety of plant-specific processes including, notably, phenylpropanoid metabolism and secondary cell wall formation. We performed a genome-wide analysis of this superfamily in Eucalyptus, one of the most planted hardwood trees world-wide. A total of 141 predicted R2R3-MYB sequences identified in the Eucalyptus grandis genome sequence were subjected to comparative phylogenetic analyses with Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Populus trichocarpa and Vitis vinifera. We analysed features such as gene structure, conserved motifs and genome location. Transcript abundance patterns were assessed by RNAseq and validated by high-throughput quantitative PCR. We found some R2R3-MYB subgroups with expanded membership in E. grandis, V. vinifera and P. trichocarpa, and others preferentially found in woody species, suggesting diversification of specific functions in woody plants. By contrast, subgroups containing key genes regulating lignin biosynthesis and secondary cell wall formation are more conserved across all of the species analysed. In Eucalyptus, R2R3-MYB tandem gene duplications seem to disproportionately affect woody-preferential and woody-expanded subgroups. Interestingly, some of the genes belonging to woody-preferential subgroups show higher expression in the cambial region, suggesting a putative role in the regulation of secondary growth. © 2014 The Authors New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust.

Produtividade e custos de extração de madeira de eucalipto com Clambunk Skidder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Henrique Alves dos Santos

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Os clambunk skidders, utilizados na extração de madeira de eucalipto no Brasil, são máquinas complexas, de alta tecnologia e de alto valor de aquisiçao. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram analisar a produtividade, a eficiência operacional e os custos operacionais e de produção desse trator florestal. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em povoamentos de eucalipto (hibrido de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis de uma empresa florestal no Estado de São Paulo. O sistema de colheita de madeira foi o de árvores inteiras com o processamento das árvores em forma de cavacos, em pátios localizados às margens dos talhões. A metodologia utilizada na avaliação da produtividade foi constituída de técnicas de estudos de tempos e movimentos. Na avaliação dos custos foram determinados os custos operacionais e os de produção. Os resultados indicaram que as atividades que consumiram maior parte do tempo do ciclo de trabalho foram o carregamento e a viagem com carga. A produtividade foi significativamente reduzida com o aumento da distância de extração. A análise de custos operacionais indicou que os custos variáveis foram os de maior valor, seguidos pelos custos fixos e de administração. O custo de extração do clambunk aumentou com a distância de extração, pois essa variável afetou os tempos de viagem. A diminuição desse custo seria possível pela reorganização do processo de trabalho com base na distância e nos outros fatores estudados.

Behavior of Eucalyptus grandis and E. cloeziana seedlings grown in arsenic-contaminated soil Comportamento de mudas de E. grandis E. eucalyptus cloeziana cultivadas em solo contaminado por arsênio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roseli Freire Melo

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Arsenic has been considered the most poisonous inorganic soil pollutant to living creatures. For this reason, the interest in phytoremediation species has been increasing in the last years. Particularly for the State of Minas Gerais, where areas of former mining activities are prone to the occurrence of acid drainage, the demand is great for suitable species to be used in the revegetation and "cleaning" of As-polluted areas. This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis (Hill Maiden and E. cloeziana F. Muell, for phytoremediation of As-polluted soils. Soil samples were incubated for a period of 15 days with different As (Na2HAsO4 doses (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg dm-3. After 30 days of exposure the basal leaves of E. cloeziana plants exhibited purple spots with interveinal chlorosis, followed by necrosis and death of the apical bud at the 400 mg dm-3 dose. Increasing As doses in the soil reduced root and shoot dry matter, plant height and diameter in both species, although the reduction was more pronounced in E. cloeziana plants. In both species, As concentrations were highest in the root system; the highest root concentration was found in E. cloeziana plants (305.7 mg kg-1 resulting from a dose of 400 mg dm-3. The highest As accumulation was observed in E. grandis plants, which was confirmed as a species with potential for As phytoextraction, tending to accumulate As in the root system and stem.O arsênio (As tem sido considerado o poluente inorgânico de solo mais tóxico para os seres vivos, razão pela qual o interesse por espécies indicadoras e fitorremediadoras tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Particularmente para o Estado de Minas Gerais, que apresenta áreas remanescentes de atividade mineradora sujeitas à ocorrência de drenagem ácida, existe grande demanda por espécies com potencial para serem utilizadas na revegetação e "limpeza" de substratos contaminados por esse metaloide. Este

Amenizante Orgânico e Eucalyptus grandis para Fitoestabilização de Solo Contaminado com Cobre

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rudinei De Marco

2017-04-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Este trabalho avaliou a utilização de turfa como amenizante e Eucalyptus grandis como técnica de fitoestabilização para remediar solo contaminado com cobre. O trabalho foi conduzido sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial (2 × 6, sendo sem e com adição de turfa (200 mL L-1 de solo e seis doses de cobre adicionadas ao solo (0 mg kg-1, 60 mg kg-1, 120 mg kg-1, 180 mg kg-1, 240 mg kg-1, 300 mg kg-1 de solo, com seis repetições. Avaliaram-se a altura das mudas, o diâmetro do colo, a massa seca radicular e aérea, a área superficial específica, os teores e a quantidade acumulada de cobre no sistema radicular e na parte aérea e o índice de translocação. A adição de turfa possibilitou efeito amenizante da contaminação por cobre e favoreceu o crescimento das mudas. As mudas de Eucalyptus grandis apresentam elevado acúmulo de cobre nas raízes, o que permite indicá-la como promissora para fins de fitoestabilização de solos contaminados com cobre.

Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Profiling of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) Gene Family in Eucalyptus grandis

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Hong; Soler, Marçal; Mila, Isabelle; San Clemente, Hélène; Savelli, Bruno; Dunand, Christophe; Paiva, Jorge A. P.; Myburg, Alexander A.; Bouzayen, Mondher; Grima-Pettenati, Jacqueline; Cassan-Wang, Hua

2014-01-01

Auxin is a central hormone involved in a wide range of developmental processes including the specification of vascular stem cells. Auxin Response Factors (ARF) are important actors of the auxin signalling pathway, regulating the transcription of auxin-responsive genes through direct binding to their promoters. The recent availability of the Eucalyptus grandis genome sequence allowed us to examine the characteristics and evolutionary history of this gene family in a woody plant of high economic importance. With 17 members, the E. grandis ARF gene family is slightly contracted, as compared to those of most angiosperms studied hitherto, lacking traces of duplication events. In silico analysis of alternative transcripts and gene truncation suggested that these two mechanisms were preeminent in shaping the functional diversity of the ARF family in Eucalyptus. Comparative phylogenetic analyses with genomes of other taxonomic lineages revealed the presence of a new ARF clade found preferentially in woody and/or perennial plants. High-throughput expression profiling among different organs and tissues and in response to environmental cues highlighted genes expressed in vascular cambium and/or developing xylem, responding dynamically to various environmental stimuli. Finally, this study allowed identification of three ARF candidates potentially involved in the auxin-regulated transcriptional program underlying wood formation. PMID:25269088

Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF gene family in Eucalyptus grandis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hong Yu

Full Text Available Auxin is a central hormone involved in a wide range of developmental processes including the specification of vascular stem cells. Auxin Response Factors (ARF are important actors of the auxin signalling pathway, regulating the transcription of auxin-responsive genes through direct binding to their promoters. The recent availability of the Eucalyptus grandis genome sequence allowed us to examine the characteristics and evolutionary history of this gene family in a woody plant of high economic importance. With 17 members, the E. grandis ARF gene family is slightly contracted, as compared to those of most angiosperms studied hitherto, lacking traces of duplication events. In silico analysis of alternative transcripts and gene truncation suggested that these two mechanisms were preeminent in shaping the functional diversity of the ARF family in Eucalyptus. Comparative phylogenetic analyses with genomes of other taxonomic lineages revealed the presence of a new ARF clade found preferentially in woody and/or perennial plants. High-throughput expression profiling among different organs and tissues and in response to environmental cues highlighted genes expressed in vascular cambium and/or developing xylem, responding dynamically to various environmental stimuli. Finally, this study allowed identification of three ARF candidates potentially involved in the auxin-regulated transcriptional program underlying wood formation.

Uso de micorrizas e rizóbio em cultivo consorciado de eucalipto e sesbânia: II - Absorção e eficiência de utilização de fósforo e frações fosfatadas Use of mycorrhizas and rhizobium in intercropping system of eucalyptus and sesbania: II - Phosphorus uptake and efficiency of use and phosphate phosphate -fractions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. A. Rodrigues

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs e rizóbio na absorção e eficiência de utilização de P e nas frações fosfatadas em mudas de Eucalyptus grandis, cultivadas em consorciação com Sesbania virgata. Os tratamentos foram: inoculação ou não com FMAs em ambas as espécies de plantas e inoculação ou não com rizóbio na S. virgata, com quatro repetições. Ambas as plantas foram cultivadas em vasos de 6 L de capacidade, durante 100 dias, quando foram colhidas. A inoculação com FMAs ou FMAs + rizóbio aumentou o conteúdo de P no eucalipto, enquanto a inoculação com rizóbio, FMAs ou FMAs + rizóbio aumentou a eficiência de utilização de P. Nas frações de P, avaliadas nas folhas de eucalipto, observou-se aumento do fósforo total solúvel em ácido (PST nos tratamentos com inoculação de rizóbio ou FMAs + rizobio. Nos tratamentos com inoculação com rizóbio, FMAs, FMAs+rizóbio ou sem inoculação, observou-se que 81, 32, 91 e 68%, respectivamente, do PST foram encontrados como fósforo orgânico (Po. Em uma avaliação conjunta das frações fosfatadas e do conteúdo de P na parte aérea do eucalipto, o que aparentemente influenciou o aumento do PST e do Po não foi o conteúdo interno de P na planta, mas, sim, a inoculação do rizóbio na sesbânia.The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF and Rhizobium on P uptake and efficiency of use, as well as on the P fractions of Eucalyptus grandis grown in an intercropping system with Sesbania virgata were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were: with or without inoculation with AMF of both plant species and with or without inoculation with Rhizobium of S. virgata plants only, in four replications. The two plant species were grown together in pots with a volume of 6 L for 100 days. Inoculations with AMF or with AMF + Rhizobium increased the P content in Eucalyptus

CARACTERÍSTICAS TECNOLÓGICAS DA MADEIRA DE ÁRVORES MATRIZES DE Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denis L. G. Fernandes

2004-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar árvores matrizes de Eucalyptus grandis em relação a características tecnológicas da madeira. Foram selecionadas 63 árvores matrizes, pertencentes a um povoamento comercial localizado no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul. As árvores foram abatidas e, com base nos dados dendrométricos, calculou-se o volume comercial com e sem casca, o fator de forma, a conicidade e a relação altura/diâmetro. Quanto à madeira, foi analisada a massa específica básica, os percentuais volumétricos de cerne, alburno e casca, as rachaduras de topo das toras e das tábuas, os empenamentos e os defeitos visuais das tábuas, tais como nós e bolsa de resina. A massa específica básica, cuja média inclui a madeira dessa espécie entre as moderadamente leves a pesadas, mostrou uma tendência decrescente entre o DAP e 25% da altura comercial e, a partir daí, crescente até 100% da mesma. O percentual volumétrico de cerne apresentou valores médios crescentes desde a base até 25% da altura comercial e, a partir daí, diminuiu até 100% da altura comercial, sendo que a média geral foi de 75,7%. O comprimento médio das rachaduras de topo em tábuas de Eucalyptus grandis foi de 63%. A alta porcentagem de rachaduras de topo foi atribuída à posição de retirada das tábuas, próxima à medula. Já a variabilidade das rachaduras de topo encontrada para as toras (CV=60% possibilita a seleção de árvores com menor tendência em apresentar esse defeito.

ANÁLISE DE CRESCIMENTO, INCIDÊNCIA DE Rhizoctonia sp. E EFEITO ANTIXENOSE PARA A FORMIGA-CORTADEIRA Atta sexdens rubropilosa F. EM CLONES DE Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla TRATADOS COM GIBERELINA1

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabio Santos Matos

2015-10-01

Full Text Available RESUMO A competitividade do setor florestal brasileiro, fruto das condições climáticas e tecnologia empregada, faz que o país ocupe posição de destaque no cenário mundial. Apesar do elevado crescimento brasileiro no setor florestal, é necessário o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que proporcionem aumento de produtividade. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito fisiológico da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de giberelina (GA3 no acúmulo de biomassa do híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla "E. urograndis GG 100" e, também, verificar o efeito da aplicação de hormônio sobre a incidência de Rhizoctonia sp. e sobre efeito antixenose (não preferência ao corte de folhas pela formiga-cortadeira Atta sexdens rubropilosa. O experimento foi conduzido em bancada a pleno sol, seguindo o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Mudas clonadas de E. urograndis GG 100, com 120 dias de idade, cultivadas sob bancada a pleno sol em vasos de 12 L, com substrato à base de subsolo, areia e esterco foram tratados com 50 mL de GA3, nas seguintes concentrações: 0; 50; 100; 150; e 200 mg L-1. Aos 40 dias após a imposição dos tratamentos, as análises foram realizadas. A aplicação de giberelina intensificou o crescimento vegetativo das plantas de eucalipto e promoveu o maior acúmulo de biomassa no mesmo período de tempo de plantas não tratadas. As mudas tratadas com giberelina apresentaram vigoroso crescimento vegetativo, principalmente na concentração de 150 mg L-1. Adicionalmente, as mesmas plantas exibiram maior preferência por formigas-cortadeiras e menor área foliar lesionada pelo fungo Rhizoctonia sp.

Effect of soil water availability on gas exchange in young trees of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Sara Mejía de Tafur

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Two outdoor trials were conducted in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, in contrasting climatic conditions, to evaluate the effect of soil water availability on the gas exchange of four elite genotypes of Eucalyptus grandis as follows: 28-3, 18-3, 24A-5 and 19-1, respectively. One trial was conducted on the campus of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia located in Palmira, at 994 m.a.s.l. with an average temperature of 23.5°C (maximum of 31°C, minimum of 18°C, and 76% relative humidity (RH. The second trial was conducted at the nursery of Carton de Colombia S.A., located in Restrepo, at 1450 m.a.s.l. with an average temperature 18°C (maximum of 26°C, minimum of 12°C and 80% RH. A split-plot design with four replicates was used. Treatments were field capacity (FC, ½ FC, ¼ FC, and soil waterlogging. At both locations, pot surfaces were covered with plastic sheeting to prevent the entrance of rainfall. Significant differences between water regimes, genotypes and locations occurred in photosynthesis rate, internal CO2 of the substomatal cavity (Ci, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, indicating that E. grandis has physiological defense mechanisms to drought stress such as stomata closure, evidenced by a decreasing in photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. A differential response was also observed between genotypes depending on the environment, indicating a genotype x environment interaction in terms of plant physiological response. Eucalyptus grandis appears to save water under water stress conditions by a decreasing in photosynthesis rate. Excess water is more limiting than water deficit.

Annual increments, specific gravity and energy of Eucalyptus grandis by gamma-ray attenuation technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rezende, M.A.; Guerrini, I.A.; Ferraz, E.S.B.

1990-01-01

Specific gravity annual increments in volume, mass and energy of Eucalyptus grandis at thirteen years of age were made taking into account measurements of the calorific value for wood. It was observed that the calorific value for wood decrease slightly, while the specific gravity increase significantly with age. The so-called culmination age for the Annual Volume Increment was determined to be around fourth year of growth while for the Annual Mass and Energy Increment was around the eighty year. These results show that a tree in a particular age may not have a significant growth in volume, yet one is mass and energy. (author)

Volume loss as a tool to assess kiln drying of eucalyptus wood

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Djeison Cesar Batista

Full Text Available In this study, we aimed to analyze the kiln drying quality of Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus dunnii woods with respect to volume loss. Wood from the three species was kiln dried together with the same drying schedule and conditions in a conventional-temperature pilot kiln. Three kinds of volume loss were evaluated: total - from saturated (initial to machined (final condition; shrinkage - from saturated to 10% moisture content; and machining - from 10% moisture content to machined condition. Eucalyptus grandis wood was the most dimensionally stable and presented the smallest volume loss due to shrinkage. Although they had different shrinkage behaviors, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna woods presented the same drying quality regarding machining and total volume losses. These species can be considered the same for kiln drying. Eucalyptus dunnii wood presented the worst quality in drying, and should not be kiln dried in the same batch with the other species.

Multigene families encode the major enzymes of antioxidant metabolism in Eucalyptus grandis L

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Felipe Karam Teixeira

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Antioxidant metabolism protects cells from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS. In plants, several enzymes act jointly to maintain redox homeostasis. Moreover, isoform diversity contributes to the fine tuning necessary for plant responses to both exogenous and endogenous signals influencing antioxidant metabolism. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive view of the major classes of antioxidant enzymes in the woody species Eucalyptus grandis. A careful survey of the FORESTs data bank revealed 36 clusters as encoding antioxidant enzymes: six clusters encoding ascorbate peroxidase (APx isozymes, three catalase (CAT proteins, three dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, two glutathione reductase (GR isozymes, four monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, six phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidases (PhGPx, and 12 encoding superoxide dismutases (SOD isozymes. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all clusters (identified herein grouped with previously characterized antioxidant enzymes, corroborating the analysis performed. With respect to enzymes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, both cytosolic and chloroplastic isoforms were putatively identified. These sequences were widely distributed among the different ESTs libraries indicating a broad gene expression pattern. Overall, the data indicate the importance of antioxidant metabolism in eucalyptus.

Biomass of clone of Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla for producing briquettes; Biomassa de clone de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla para producao de briquetes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia, Eder Aparecido; Oguri, Guilherme [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas], e-mail: os_garcias@fca.unesp.br; Lancas, Kleber Pereira [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Engenharia Rural; Guerra, Saulo Philipe Sebastiao [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Gestao e Tecnologia Agroindustrial

2011-07-01

The aim of this work was conducted to address forest biomass energy for briquette producing. In an area of dystrophic soil, seedlings of clones of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla were planted in 2008, considering factors spacing and fertilization. The first dosage of fertilizer was 70 g/plant of NPK 6-30-6 and total coverage of 110 g/plant of NPK 20-0-20 with B and Zn. The spacing was 2.8x0.5 m, 2.8x1.0 m, 2.8x1.5 m, 2.8x2.0 m and 2.8x2.5 m. At 18 months, tree samples were collected to evaluate the basic density of wood (BDW), dry biomass of stem, branches and leaves. An assessment of the economic viability of each treatment was based on the sale of briquettes. BDW spacing of 2.8x1.0 m was 0.464 kg/m{sup 3}. The largest biomass of the stem occurred in 2.8x0.5 m spacing, with dosage 3, but economically unviable. The dry biomass of branches was only affected by dosage, reaching 17.68 t/ha in the third dose. Only fertilization was significant for leaf biomass. The highest income in the spacing was 2.8 x1.5 m with dosage 2. (author)

EFFECT OF THE STEAMING ON THE DRYING OF Eucalyptus grandis BOARDS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raphael Nogueira Rezende

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the steaming on the drying rate and drying quality of Eucalyptus grandis boards. For this purpose, wood from an experimental plantation of the Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with 24 years of age was used. Trees were felled and sectioned in logs and the logs were sawn by a tangential system. Half of the boards volume were steamed during 3 hours at 90ºC of temperature and 100% of relative humidity after the heating of the drying process. The other half was not steamed (control. The boards were dried in the dry-kiln and the resulting defects from the drying process and drying rate were determined. The results indicated that the steaming was effective in increase of the drying rate in 15% and decrease of the drying defects of 20 to 52%.

Ocorrência e atividade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em plantios de eucalipto (eucalyptus sp. no litoral norte da Bahia, Brasil Occurrence and activity arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in eucalypt (eucalyptus sp. plantations in the northern coast of Bahia, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco de Sousa Lima

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Nas últimas décadas, tecnologias alternativas vêm sendo estudadas visando tornar o cultivo do eucalipto (Eucalyptus sp. mais econômico e sustentável. Entre estas, as associações micorrízicas merecem destaque devido aos inúmeros benefícios que proporcionam às plantas hospedeiras. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência e atividade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em plantios de eucalipto utilizados comercialmente pela Copener Florestal Ltda. no litoral norte da Bahia. Foi observada grande variabilidade na densidade de esporos (36,2 a 203,2 esporos em 50 g de solo, colonização micorrízica (10,6 a 57,8% e nos teores de glomalina facilmente extraível e total (0,34 a 1,92 mg g de solo-1 e 0,48 a 3,88 mg g de solo-1 nos plantios de eucalipto. Os resultados neste estudo permitiram concluir que, embora os clones apresentem suscetibilidade à micorrização em condições de campo, variações nas características do solo afetam aspectos ecológicos dos fungos micorrízicos arbusculares nos plantios de eucalipto da Copener Florestal Ltda. no litoral norte da Bahia.In recent decades, alternative technologies have been studied in order to make the cultivation of eucalyptus more economical and sustainable. Among these, the mycorrhizal associations deserve mention because of the many benefits they provide to host plants. Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF form mutualistic association with plant roots, promoting greater uptake of nutrients to the host, which in turn yields products of photosynthesis to the fungus. With the establishment of the association, the plants become more resistant to adverse conditions such as nutrient-poor soil, low pH, high temperature, water stress, decreased microbial activity, among other biotic and abiotic stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and activity of mycorrhizal fungi in eucalypt plantations used commercially by Copener Florestal Ltda. northern coast of Bahia. A high variability in

The tonoplast intrinsic aquaporin (TIP) subfamily of Eucalyptus grandis: Characterization of EgTIP2, a root-specific and osmotic stress-responsive gene.

Science.gov (United States)

Rodrigues, Marcela I; Bravo, Juliana P; Sassaki, Flávio T; Severino, Fábio E; Maia, Ivan G

2013-12-01

Aquaporins have important roles in various physiological processes in plants, including growth, development and adaptation to stress. In this study, a gene encoding a root-specific tonoplast intrinsic aquaporin (TIP) from Eucalyptus grandis (named EgTIP2) was investigated. The root-specific expression of EgTIP2 was validated over a panel of five eucalyptus organ/tissues. In eucalyptus roots, EgTIP2 expression was significantly induced by osmotic stress imposed by PEG treatment. Histochemical analysis of transgenic tobacco lines (Nicotiana tabacum SR1) harboring an EgTIP2 promoter:GUS reporter cassette revealed major GUS staining in the vasculature and in root tips. Consistent with its osmotic-stress inducible expression in eucalyptus, EgTIP2 promoter activity was up-regulated by mannitol treatment, but was down-regulated by abscisic acid. Taken together, these results suggest that EgTIP2 might be involved in eucalyptus response to drought. Additional searches in the eucalyptus genome revealed the presence of four additional putative TIP coding genes, which could be individually assigned to the classical TIP1-5 groups. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

PREFERÊNCIA DE CORTE DE Eucalyptus spp. POR Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus FOREL, 1908 (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE EM CONDIÇÕES DE LABORATÓRIO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Luiz Marsaro Júnior

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a preferência de corte das operárias de Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus Forel, 1908, em três espécies e um clone de eucalipto. Plantas de Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake, 1977, Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell., 1878, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., 1832, e o Clone 129 foram oferecidas, simultaneamente, para três colônias de Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus Forel, 1908. O bioensaio finalizou 6 horas após o seu início ou até que uma das colônias cortasse todas as folhas de um dos eucaliptos oferecidos. As colônias cortaram e carregaram, em média, 0,453g ± 0,064 de Eucalyptus camaldulensis; 0,384g ± 0,052 do Clone 129; 0,341g ± 0,054 de Eucalyptus urophylla e 0,102 ± 0,027 de Eucalyptus cloeziana, sendo essa última a espécie menos preferida para o corte. Por outro lado, não houve diferença significativa entre a quantidade de folhas cortadas nos outros eucaliptos.

Comparisons between two economically valuable forest species (Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus taeda in relation to seed behaviour under controlled deterioration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jussara Bertho Fantinatti

2011-02-01

Full Text Available The objectives of this work were to analyze seed behaviour under controlled deterioration and estimate viability equations for forest species Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus taeda. Desired moisture content levels were achieved from initial values after either rehydration over water or drying over silica gel, both at 25 ºC. Seed sub samples with 8 moisture contents each for E. grandis (1.2 to 18.1%, initial value of 11.3% and P. taeda (1.5 to 19.5%, initial value of 12.9% were sealed in laminate aluminium-foil packets and stored in incubators maintained at 40, 50 and 65 ºC. The seeds from these species exhibited true orthodox and sub-orthodox storage behaviour, respectively, however E. grandis showed higher seed storability, probably due to a different seed chemical composition. Lowest moisture content limits estimated for application of the viability equations at 65 ºC were 4.9 and 4.1 mc for E. grandis and P. taeda, on equilibrium with ±20% RH. The viability equation estimated quantified the response of seed longevity to storage environment well with K E = 9.661 and 8.838; C W = 6.467 and 5.981; C H = 0.03498 and 0.10340; C Q = 0.0002330 and 0.0005476, for E. grandis and P. taeda, respectively.

Leaf area index estimation of Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill. in plantations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dubal Papamija-Muñoz

2012-12-01

Full Text Available We estimated leaf area index (LAI in Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill. plantations in four farms in the Smurfit Kappa Carton de Colombia (SKCC with three farms located in the city of Popayan (Cauca and one located in the municipality of Restrepo (Valle del Cauca. Each farm had three fertilized and three unfertilized plots with 64 individuals in each. We used three methods, Plant Canopy Analyzer 2000 (PCA 2000, flat photograph PIPEcv software and a destructive method, which was generated using a mathematical model. The first two methods were measured bimonthly for a year and the final method required trees being cut to measure their diameter. Estimation of leaf area index was 2.01 for PCA 2000, 3.12 for PIPEcv and 2.83 for the mathematical model. These values correspond to the average and range of leaf area indices obtained for each method on all farms. Statistically the three methodologies developed in this study were not closely related.

Effect of fertilization on cell size in wood of Eucalyptus grandis Hill Ex Maiden

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Santini Junior

2010-12-01

Full Text Available The use of fertilization in forest stands results in yield gains, yet little attention has been directed to its potential effects on the quality of wood produced. Information is scarce about the effect of fertilization on anatomical structures of older Eucalyptus wood. This work aims to study the effect of fertilization on tissue cell size of wood from a Eucalyptus grandis stand at age 21 years, the management system of which is based on selective thinning and fertilizer application at the start of the thinning season. Factors to consider include: presence or absence of fertilizers, two log positions and five radial (pith to bark positions. Results led to the conclusion that fertilization significantly influenced only vessel frequency. Vessel elements length was influenced by tree height. Fiber length, fiber diameter, fiber wall thickness, vessel elements length, vessel diameter and vessel frequency were influenced by the radial position of the sample in relation to the log. A positive correlation was observed between fiber length, fiber diameter, fiber wall thickness, vessel elements length, vessel diameter, ray width and radial position, while a negative correlation was observed between ray frequency and radial position.

Early selection of Eucalyptus clones in retrospective nursery test ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Within the framework of the eucalyptus breeding programme in the Congo, two retrospective tests were conducted using mature clones in the field and young cuttings under nursery conditions with two hybrids: 13 clones of Eucalyptus tereticornis* Eucalyptus grandis for the test TC 82-1B and 17 clones of Eucalyptus ...

Propriedades de chapas de aglomerado confeccionadas com misturas de partículas de Eucalyptus spp e Pinus elliottii Properties of particleboards manufactured with mixed particles from Eucalyptus spp and Pinus elliottii

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carla Priscilla Cabral

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as propriedades de chapas de madeira aglomerada confeccionadas com partículas geradas de maravalhas e flocos de Eucalyptus grandis, E. urophylla e E. cloeziana. Quando necessário, para manter a massa específica das chapas em 0,70 g/cm³ foram adicionadas partículas de Pinus elliottii. Os eucaliptos foram obtidos nos Municípios de Ponte Alta (Região do Vale do Rio Doce e Três Marias (Região de Cerrado, em Minas Gerais. As densidades básicas das espécies procedentes do Município de Ponte Alta foram iguais a 0,55; 0,61; e 0,70 g/cm³, enquanto aquelas procedentes do Município de Três Marias foram iguais a 0,56; 0,58; e 0,69 g/cm³, respectivamente. A densidade do Pinus elliottii, cultivado no Município de Viçosa, foi de 0,45 g/cm³. As partículas para a confecção das chapas foram obtidas pelo processamento de flocos (0,48 x 20 x 90 mm e maravalhas, em moinho de martelo, e selecionadas com peneiras manuais. Os coeficientes de esbeltez dessas partículas foram iguais a 19,87 e 4,66, respectivamente. Utilizou-se adesivo de uréia-formaldeído na proporção de 8% em relação à massa seca de madeira. As chapas confeccionadas com partículas processadas de flocos e contendo maior quantidade de madeira de eucalipto apresentaram maior adsorção de água, inchamento e expansão linear. Os maiores valores de dureza Janka e compressão paralela foram observados nas chapas confeccionadas com partículas processadas de maravalhas. Os valores médios de tração perpendicular, módulo de ruptura e módulo de elasticidade foram maiores nas chapas confeccionadas com partículas de flocos processados. As chapas confeccionadas com madeiras da Região de Três Marias apresentaram maiores resistências à compressão paralela, tração perpendicular e módulo de ruptura.This work aimed to evaluate properties of particleboards manufactured with particles derived from planner shavings and flakes of

Características tecnológicas da madeira de árvores matrizes de Eucalyptus grandis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clovis Roberto Haselein

2010-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar árvores matrizes de Eucalyptus grandis em relação a características tecnológicas da madeira. Foram selecionadas 63 árvores matrizes, pertencentes a um povoamento comercial localizado no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Sul. As árvores foram abatidas e, com base nos dados dendrométricos, calculou-se o volume comercial com e sem casca, o fator de forma, a conicidade e a relação altura/diâmetro. Quanto à madeira, foi analisada a massa específica básica, os percentuais volumétricos de cerne, alburno e casca, as rachaduras de topo das toras e das tábuas, os empenamentos e os defeitos visuais das tábuas, tais como nós e bolsa de resina. A massa específica básica, cuja média inclui a madeira dessa espécie entre as moderadamente leves a pesadas, mostrou uma tendência decrescente entre o DAP e 25% da altura comercial e, a partir daí, crescente até 100% da mesma. O percentual volumétrico de cerne apresentou valores médios crescentes desde a base até 25% da altura comercial e, a partir daí, diminuiu até 100% da altura comercial, sendo que a média geral foi de 75,7%. O comprimento médio das rachaduras de topo em tábuas de Eucalyptus grandis foi de 63%. A alta porcentagem de rachaduras de topo foi atribuída à posição de retirada das tábuas, próxima à medula. Já a variabilidade das rachaduras de topo encontrada para as toras (CV=60% possibilita a seleção de árvores com menor tendência em apresentar esse defeito.

Crescimento e produção de plantios comerciais de eucalipto estimados por duas categorias de modelos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro

2013-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar duas categorias de modelos de crescimento e produção em plantios comerciais de eucalipto. Para isso, foram ajustados um modelo de crescimento e produção para povoamento e outro para árvore individual, por meio de equações simultâneas e redes neurais artificiais, respectivamente. O volume de madeira por área foi estimado em diferentes idades e classes de produtividade. Foram avaliados dados de 63 parcelas permanentes de plantios clonais, não desbastados, do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla, com os dados de 33 parcelas utilizados para o ajuste do modelo e o treinamento das redes neurais, e os das 30 parcelas restantes, para a validação dos modelos. As duas categorias de modelos ajustaram-se bem aos dados observados. No entanto, na validação dos modelos com dados independentes, o volume de madeira por área foi mais bem estimado com o modelo para árvore individual.

Efeito de períodos de controle de plantas daninhas sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de eucalipto Effects of weed control periods on initial growth and development of eucalypt

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R.E.B. Toledo

2000-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os efeitos dos períodos de convivência e de controle de Brachiaria decumbens sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de clones de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. Para isso, um ensaio foi conduzido, no município de Três Lagoas-MS, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 1997. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiram de diferentes épocas e períodos de convivência das plantas daninhas na cultura do eucalipto. As épocas foram divididas em dois grupos. No primeiro, a convivência se iniciava no transplante das mudas e era estendida até 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168, 224, 252 e 364 dias após. No segundo grupo, a convivência se iniciava aos 0, 28, 56, 84, 112, 140, 168, 224 e 252 dias após o transplante e era estendida até o final de um ano. As principais plantas daninhas que ocorreram na área experimental foram Brachiaria decumbens e Spermacocea latifola. As plantas jovens de eucalipto foram bastante suscetíveis à interferência das plantas daninhas, apresentando um período anterior à interferência inferior a 14-28 dias. Para assegurar o desenvolvimento da cultura, o período total de prevenção à interferência foi de 140 dias, e o período crítico de prevenção à interferência, de 14-28 a 140 dias após o transplante, considerando o índice de 5% de redução em diâmetro.A field trial was carried out in Três Lagoas-MS, Brazil, from January to December of 1997, to study the effects of control and coexistence period of Brachiaria decumbens on the growth of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla clones. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of different periods of weed-eucalypt association. The periods were divided in two groups. In the first one, the weed-eucalypt coexistence initiated during the eucalypt transplanting, continuing up to 28, 56, 112, 140, 168, 224, 252 and 364 days after it. In the second group, the

Durabilidad natural de madera de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden de plantaciones de rápido crecimiento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Böthig

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Una de las especies forestales de rápido crecimiento cultivadas en Uruguay de mayor importancia económica es el Eucalyptus grandis. Trabajos anteriores reportan propiedades físicas y mecánicas de la madera juvenil y adulta proveniente de plantaciones de esta especie en diferentes regiones del país. Sin embargo, dado que no se dispone de datos científicos nacionales sobre su durabilidad natural, en este trabajo fue evaluada madera de E. grandis obtenida de dos plantaciones de 16 años de edad con semilla del mismo origen, de dos sitios, Rivera y Río Negro. Se estudió la durabilidad natural del duramen externo e interno siguiendo los métodos de la norma EN 350-1, tomando Populus deltoides x euroamericana cv I-214 como especie de referencia. Se realizaron ensayos de laboratorio para determinar la resistencia a la descomposición fúngica (Gloeophyllum trabeum, Trametes versicolor y Serpula lacrymans y a las termites (Reticulitermes spp. siguiendo las normas EN 113 y EN 118, respectivamente. Se realizaron ensayos de campo de estacas, de doble capa y cámara fúngica, los cuales aún están en curso, por lo que en el presente trabajo se presentan resultados parciales. Los perfiles radiales de densidad básica revelaron que la madera del duramen externo no era adulta, sino madera de transición. En general, el duramen de E. grandis mostró una mayor durabilidad que el híbrido Populus.El E. grandis se clasificó como moderadamente o seriamente atacado por Reticulitermes spp. Según EN 350-1, la madera juvenil de E. grandis puede considerarse como “moderadamente durable” ante la pudrición parda provocada por G. trabeum, mientras que la madera de transición puede describirse como “durable”. La madera de transición mostró en relación a la madera juvenil una mayor resistencia al G. trabeum, una susceptibilidad levemente menor a las termites y mejor desempeño en el campo luego de 17 meses de exposición. El sitio de la plantación no

Resposta da soja e do eucalipto ao aumento da densidade do solo e a doses de fósforo Soybean and eucalyptus response to increased soil density and phosphorus doses

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Aurélio Vitorino Ribeiro

2010-08-01

Full Text Available O uso agrícola e o manejo de solos de Cerrado frequentemente causam sua compactação, reduzindo sua porosidade e disponibilidade de água e nutrientes, com efeito negativo sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das culturas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da densidade do solo e de doses de P no crescimento da soja e do eucalipto em solos com diferentes texturas: um Latossolo Vermelho (LV muito argiloso e outro Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA textura média. Em vasos plásticos de 1,8 L, com 1,6 dm³ de solo, foram testadas, para o LV, as densidades de 0,90, 1,10 e 1,30 kg dm-3 e as doses de 0, 100, 200, 400 e 800 mg dm-3 de P, e para o LVA, as densidades de 1,30, 1,50 e 1,70 kg dm-3 e as doses de 0, 75, 150, 300 e 600 mg dm-3 de P. As plantas de soja e de eucalipto foram colhidas 40 e 80 dias após a semeadura, respectivamente. Foram avaliadas: matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA e de raízes (MSR, acúmulo de P na MSPA (P-PA e MSR (P-R, nas duas espécies, e altura do eucalipto. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento da densidade do solo influenciou negativamente no crescimento da soja e do eucalipto, especialmente no solo LV e nas maiores doses de P; a resposta das plantas às doses de P aplicadas foi menor com o aumento da densidade do solo; e o aumento da densidade foi mais prejudicial ao crescimento do eucalipto - espécie mais eficiente na recuperação do P aplicado aos solos. De modo geral, o efeito negativo do aumento da densidade dos solos sobre a produção de MSPA das espécies, nas doses menores de P, é compensado quando as maiores doses de P são aplicadas.Agriculture and soil management in the Cerrado can cause soil compaction, resulting in decreased porosity and water and nutrient availability, with a negative impact on plant growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil density and phosphorus doses (P on soybean and eucalyptus grown in two Cerrado oxisols with

Comparative interrogation of the developing xylem transcriptomes of two wood-forming species: Populus trichocarpa and Eucalyptus grandis.

Science.gov (United States)

Hefer, Charles A; Mizrachi, Eshchar; Myburg, Alexander A; Douglas, Carl J; Mansfield, Shawn D

2015-06-01

Wood formation is a complex developmental process governed by genetic and environmental stimuli. Populus and Eucalyptus are fast-growing, high-yielding tree genera that represent ecologically and economically important species suitable for generating significant lignocellulosic biomass. Comparative analysis of the developing xylem and leaf transcriptomes of Populus trichocarpa and Eucalyptus grandis together with phylogenetic analyses identified clusters of homologous genes preferentially expressed during xylem formation in both species. A conserved set of 336 single gene pairs showed highly similar xylem preferential expression patterns, as well as evidence of high functional constraint. Individual members of multi-gene orthologous clusters known to be involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis also showed conserved xylem expression profiles. However, species-specific expression as well as opposite (xylem versus leaf) expression patterns observed for a subset of genes suggest subtle differences in the transcriptional regulation important for xylem development in each species. Using sequence similarity and gene expression status, we identified functional homologs likely to be involved in xylem developmental and biosynthetic processes in Populus and Eucalyptus. Our study suggests that, while genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis show high levels of gene expression conservation, differential regulation of some xylem development genes may give rise to unique xylem properties. © 2015 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2015 New Phytologist Trust.

Qualidade de mudas clonais de Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis em função do substrato Quality of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis cuttings as a function of substrate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richardson B. G. da Silva

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Considerando a crescente demanda por mudas florestais e a escassez de matérias-primas dos substratos utilizados para o crescimento das plantas, faz-se necessário avaliar novos componentes e formulações que assegurem a qualidade das mudas. Nesse experimento foram estudados o desenvolvimento e a qualidade de mudas clonais de Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, provenientes de miniestacas, em função de nove composições de substrato produzidos a partir de vermiculita granulometria fina, casca de arroz carbonizada e fibra de coco em tubetes de 50 mL. Foram avaliados as propriedades físicas dos substratos, o desenvolvimento morfológico e a qualidade do sistema radicular das mudas, aos 90 dias após o estaqueamento. Os substratos com maior porosidade total promovem maior qualidade do sistema radicular o que, consequentemente, resulta em mudas com maior diâmetro, massa seca aérea e radicular e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson. Outros valores para as características físicas dos substratos, diferentes dos citados na literatura, também podem ser considerados adequados.Considering the increasing demand for seedlings of plants for aforestation and the scarcity of raw materials for the substrates used for plant growth, it is necessary to evaluate new components and formulations that ensure the quality of seedlings. In this experiment the development and quality of production of Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis seedlings was studied through vegetative propagation, as a function of nine compositions of substrate, produced from fine-grained vermiculite, carbonized rice chaff and coconut fiber in hard plastic tubes of 50 mL as containers. The physical properties of substrates and morphological development and the quality of the root system of seedlings were evaluated at 90 days after staking. The substrates with higher total porosity promotes better quality of the root system, which consequently results in cuttings with larger diameter, shoot and

EFEITO DA TERMORRETIFICAÇÃO NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DAS MADEIRAS DE Pinus taeda E Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karina Soares Modes

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This study investigated the effect of thermal treatment, employed under two treatment conditions on mechanical properties of wood of Pinus taeda L. and Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden. From each species, three 25-year tress were sampled, and from each one, it was taken the first 2-meter long log, which was obtained from two boards of size 7,0 x 20,0 cm (thickness x width respectively diametrically opposite from where 30 specimens were saw for each treatment. At the first one, called the combined one, the woods were subjected to heat treatment by autoclaving at 130 / ± 3°C and pressure of 2 kgf / cm ² for 3 hours and, after a conditioning period, subjected to heat in an electric oven at 160 / ± 1°C for the same period. The second treatment consisted only of heat treatment in oven. It was also evaluated the pieces of wood without treatment (control. The mechanical properties were evaluated by means of tests for determining the modulus of elasticity and rupture in bending, maximum resistance to compression parallel to the grain and Janka hardness according to ASTM D 143 (1995, and the impact resistance according to ABNT NBR 7190 (1997. For Pinus taeda wood, it was observed that treatment in an oven gave the worst outcomes, both due to the reduction in the values of supported load of a greater number of mechanical properties evaluated, but also as compared to the lowest increments in resistance when it was observed an increase to the same ones with heat treatment. In Eucalyptus grandis, the combined treatment decreased the greatest number of mechanical properties of wood.

In vitro ectomycorrhiza formation by monokaryotic and dikaryotic isolates of Pisolithus microcarpus in Eucalyptus grandis Formação de ectomicorrizas in vitro por isolados monocarióticos e dicarióticos de Pisolithus microcarpus em Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maurício Dutra Costa

2010-06-01

Full Text Available The formation of ectomycorrhizas by monokaryotic and dikaryotic isolates of Pisolithus microcarpus (Cooke & Massee G. Cunn. in Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid. was studied by in vitro synthesis in Petri dishes. The formation of ectomycorrhizas was observed for all strains tested. Ectomycorrhizas formed by the monokaryotic strains presented a sheath of hyphae around the roots and a Hartig net limited to the epidermis layer, typical of the angiosperm ectomycorrhizas. Colonization rates, a measure of the number of ectomycorrhizas in relation to the total number of lateral root tips, varied from 23 to 62%. Some monokaryotic strains stimulated the formation of lateral roots, promoting increases of up to 109% above the control. The presence of some of the isolates in the in vitro synthesis medium stimulated the production of thicker lateral root tips. The dimensions of the lateral roots tips and ectomycorrhizas varied from one isolate to the next, indicating a variation in their capacity to provoke morphological changes in the host plant roots. The dikaryotic strain M5M11 presented higher values for lateral root yield, number of ectomycorrhizas, and colonization percentage than the corresponding monokaryotic strains, M5 and M11. This indicated the possibility of selecting compatible performing monokaryotic isolates for the yield of superior dikaryotic strains. The set of monokaryotic strains tested varied greatly in their ability to colonize E. grandis roots and cause secondary metabolism-related morphological changes in roots, providing a wealth of model systems for the study of genetic, physiological, and morphogenetic processes involved in Pisolithus-Eucalyptus ectomycorrhiza formation.A formação de ectomicorrizas por isolados monocarióticos e dicarióticos de Pisolithus microcarpus (Cooke & Massee G. Cunn. em Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maid. foi estudada usando-se o método de síntese in vitro em placas de Petri. A formação de

Modification of the original color of the Eucalyptus grandis wood by heat treatments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosilei Aparecida Garcia

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The objective of this study was to determine the modification of original color of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex. Maiden wood after heat-treatment. Wood samples were heat-treated under different temperatures (180, 200, 215 and 230ºC and time conditions (15 minutes, 2 and 4 hours. Color analysis were performed on the CIE L*a*b* system by using a Color Eye XTH-X-Rite 200d spectrophotometer. All heat treatments promoted an alteration of the original color of wood. Heat-treated woods presented lower L* (lightness values than untreated wood (control, characterizing the wood darkness, mainly for more severe conditions of temperature and time. Chromatic coordinates (a* and b* showed different behaviors depending on the temperature-time combination. The modification of the original color of the wood allowed the creation of new color patterns, which can add greater value to the studied wood.

Shifts in the bacterial community composition along deep soil profiles in monospecific and mixed stands of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium

Science.gov (United States)

de Andrade, Pedro Avelino Maia; Bini, Daniel; Durrer, Ademir; Robin, Agnès; Bouillet, Jean Pierre; Andreote, Fernando Dini; Cardoso, Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira

2017-01-01

Our knowledge of the rhizosphere bacterial communities in deep soils and the role of Eucalyptus and Acacia on the structure of these communities remains very limited. In this study, we targeted the bacterial community along a depth profile (0 to 800 cm) and compared community structure in monospecific or mixed plantations of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis. We applied quantitative PCR (qPCR) and sequence the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize composition of bacterial communities. We identified a decrease in bacterial abundance with soil depth, and differences in community patterns between monospecific and mixed cultivations. Sequence analysis indicated a prevalent effect of soil depth on bacterial communities in the mixed plant cultivation system, and a remarkable differentiation of bacterial communities in areas solely cultivated with Eucalyptus. The groups most influenced by soil depth were Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria (more frequent in samples between 0 and 300 cm). The predominant bacterial groups differentially displayed in the monospecific stands of Eucalyptus were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Our results suggest that the addition of an N2-fixing tree in a monospecific cultivation system modulates bacterial community composition even at a great depth. We conclude that co-cultivation systems may represent a key strategy to improve soil resources and to establish more sustainable cultivation of Eucalyptus in Brazil. PMID:28686690

Organogênese in vitro a partir de explante caulinar na regeneração de clones de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden X E. urophylla S. T. Blake In vitro regeneration from stem explants of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clones through organogenesis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elisa Cristina Soares de Carvalho Alves

2004-10-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de testar a regeneração in vitro por organogênese a partir de explante caulinar de três clones híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, foram avaliados os efeitos dos reguladores de crescimento TDZ [1-fenil-3-(1,2,3-tiadiazol-5-iluréia], BAP (6-benzilaminopurina e ANA (ácido naftalenoacético. De modo geral, pôde-se observar resposta diferenciada dos clones quanto a intensidade, textura, coloração e grau de oxidação dos calos, em função dos tratamentos com os reguladores de crescimento. Os melhores resultados de calejamento foram dos tratamentos com a combinação dos reguladores de crescimento TDZ (0,5 mg L-1 e ANA (0,1 mg L-1, obtendo-se 100% de calejamento no explante caulinar. Houve a formação de estruturas nodulares compactas, principalmente na extremidade dos explantes caulinares, sendo essas regiões responsáveis pela regeneração de gemas adventícias. Em relação à regeneração, a melhor resposta foi obtida com 1,0 mg L-1 BAP.With the objective of testing in vitro regeneration through organogenesis from stem explants of three hybrid clones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, the effects of the growth regulators TDZ [1-phenil-3-(1, 2, 3-thiadiazol-5-ilurea], BAP (6-benzilaminopurine and NAA (Naphthalene acetic acid were evaluated. In general, a differentiated clone response in relation to intensity, texture, color and oxidation degree of calli was observed due to growth regulator treatments. The best results in callus formation were recorded for the treatments with the combination TDZ (0,5 mg L-1 and ANA (0,1 mg L-1, achieving 100% of callus formation from the stem explants. Compact node structures appeared mainly in the extremities of the stem explants, being those areas responsible for the regeneration of adventitious buds. The best regeneration response was obtained with 1,0 mg L-1 BAP.

Micropropagation of Eucalyptus grandis and nitens using tissue culture techniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Furze, M.J.; Creswell, C.F.

1985-01-01

Experiments with nodal explants of E. grandis and E. nitens seedlings and E. grandis coppice shoots showed that a large number of plants can be produced from a single explant using micropropagation. The percentage of micropropagated shoots that formed roots was about 90% for E. grandis and 80% for E. nitens. For both species, about 90% of the rooted shoots survived after hardening off. 9 references.

QUALIDADE DA SECAGEM CONVENCIONAL CONJUNTA DA MADEIRA DE CLONES DE TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE Eucalyptus sp.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Djeison Cesar Batista

2015-01-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The Brazilian industry commonly dries different species of eucalypt in a same load because of the difficulty of identifying the species, hybrids and clones, and also by optimizing the use of the kiln. However, this practice is not recommended in the literature. The aim of this work was to verify the quality of grouped conventional drying of Eucalyptus saligna , Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus dunnii from clonal plantations. To this end, three loads were dried with the three species together in a pilot conventional dry kiln. The criteria used to analyze the quality of dried wood were final moisture content, end checks, cupping, collapse, moisture gradient and drying stresses. Eucalyptus grandis showed the best quality of drying, followed by Eucalyptus saligna , and both species have potential to be kiln dried together. Eucalyptus dunnii had the worst quality of drying, and should not be kiln dried together with Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna. The basic density and shrinkage were good parameters for the expected quality of the drying of eucalyptus species, in which less dense and more dimensionally stable species had better quality of drying. The drying schedule used must be modified to further drying of these species, especially regarding to uniformity and conditioning periods, which were considered insufficient.

Efeito do tempo de armazenamento de minestacas no enraizamento de clones de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla Effect of storage time of minicuttings on the rooting of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla clones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrícia Bueno Goulart

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do tempo de armazenamento de miniestacas no processo de enraizamento de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. As miniestacas foram coletadas em minijardim clonal conduzido em sistema de hidroponia em canaletas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 6 x 4, constituído de seis tratamentos (estaqueamento após a coleta e estaqueamento após o armazenamento em câmara fria por 1, 2, 4, 8 e 16 dias e quatro clones, em quatro repetições e parcelas compostas de 16 plantas/repetição. Foram realizadas avaliações do porcentual de enraizamento e crescimento das miniestacas enraizadas em casa de vegetação, casa de sombra e a pleno sol. Concluiu-se que o plantio das miniestacas logo após a coleta no minijardim clonal foi o que proporcionou melhor resposta ao enraizamento nos quatro clones estudados, sendo observado efeito negativo do armazenamento dos propágulos, mesmo quando realizado por curto período de tempo.The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the storage time of minicuttings on the rooting process of four clones of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. The minicuttings were collected in a clonal minigarden carried on in a hydroponic system in small gutters. The experimental design used was of random plots, in a factorial arrangement 6 x 4, constituted by six treatments (cutting after collection, cutting after storage in cold chamber per 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 days and four clones, in four repetitions and plots of 16 plants per repetition. Evaluations of the rooting percentage and growth of the rooted minicuttings in a greenhouse, a shade house and in the open sun were made. It was concluded that planting the minicuttings right after the collection in the clonal miniorchard had the best rooting response for the four clones studied and also that there was a negative effect of the storage, even when stored for a short

Diversidade de insetos antófilos em áreas com reflorestamento de eucalipto, município de Triunfo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Diversity of anthophile insects in an area with eucalypt plantations in the municipality of Triunfo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Letícia Azambuja Lopes

Full Text Available O efeito da fragmentação de habitats tem sido avaliado medindo-se a riqueza e diversidade de determinados grupos funcionais, especialmente insetos visitantes florais. Esses organismos possibilitam conectividade funcional entre plantações e áreas protegidas e a restauração de ambientes alterados. Este estudo objetivou analisar a diversidade de insetos antófilos ao longo de transectos estabelecidos entre mata ciliar e reflorestamento de eucaliptos e exclusivamente entre talhões de eucaliptos, no sul do Brasil. Os insetos coligidos pertencem às ordens Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera e Hemiptera. Comparativamente a outros estudos, a abundância de insetos foi baixa. Vinte e oito espécies foram encontradas em ambos ambientes, enquanto 138 foram exclusivas em um ambiente (61 em mata ciliar/eucaliptos e 77 em eucaliptos/eucaliptos. Os insetos visitaram flores de 31 espécies vegetais, representantes de 20 famílias. Nos dois ambientes foram encontradas poucas espécies dominantes e um grande número representadas por um único indivíduo. A alta diversidade foi similar nos dois ambientes de estudo (H' = 4,084 e H' = 4,018. Entre os insetos, as abelhas mostraram a maior diversidade nos ambientes mata ciliar/eucaliptos (H' = 3,211 e eucaliptos/eucaliptos (H' = 2,8. Considerando-se a similaridade na estrutura da comunidade entre os ambientes, a fauna de insetos antófilos difere quanto à composição de espécies e número de indivíduos das espécies amostradas.The result of habitat fragmentation has been assessed through measuring of richness and diversity of some functional groups, especially flower-visiting insects. These organisms allow functional connectivity between plantations and protected areas and the restoration of disturbed environments. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of anthophilous insects on transects established between a gallery forest and the eucalyptus reforestation and exclusively among a section

Biologia do psilídeo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera, Psyllidae em Eucalyptus spp. Red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera, Psylidae biology in Eucalyptus spp.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Cristina Firmino-Winckler

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Biologia do psilídeo-de-concha Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera, Psyllidae em Eucalyptus spp.. Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore também conhecido por psilídeo-de-concha, se caracteriza por ser uma espécie específica ao gênero Eucalyptus L'Her. Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar o ciclo biológico de G. brimblecombei em Eucalyptus spp. O trabalho foi conduzido em câmara climatizada (BOD, sob a temperatura de 26 °C e fotofase de 12 horas. As espécies de Eucalyptus utilizadas para o experimento foram: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, E. urophylla, E. grandis, Corymbia citriodora e um híbrido de E. grandis x E. urophylla ('urograndis'. Inicialmente foram utilizados 100 repetições (ninfas tratamento (espécies de Eucalyptus. As avaliações foram diárias. Os parâmetros biológicos avaliados foram a duração e viabilidade do estágio ninfal, longevidade dos adultos, número de posturas/fêmea, duração do período embrionário, número e viabilidade ovos, longevidade dos adultos e duração do ciclo total. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que salvo C. citriodora que apresentou ser letal ao desenvolvimento ninfal de G. brimblecombei as demais espécies de Eucalyptus testadas oferecem condições ao desenvolvimento biológico deste psilídeo, sendo que neste trabalho E. camaldulensis mostrou-se a mais adequada.Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, also known as red gum lerp psyllid, is characterized to be specific to the genus Eucalyptus. This work aimed to evaluate G. brimblecombei biological cycle in Eucalyptus spp. The work was accomplished in acclimatized chamber (BOD, with temperature of 26 °C and photophase of 12 hours. Eucalyptus species used in this study were: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, E. urophylla, E. grandis, Corymbia citriodora and E grandis x E. urophylla hybrid ('urograndis'. Initially 100 replications (nymphs per treatment (Eucalyptus species were prepared. The evaluations were daily and

Influência do vermicomposto na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauro Valdir Schumacher

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Considering the large area of planted forest with species of the genus Eucalyptus and its uses for multiple purpose, its cultivation has an economic importance in Brazil. The use of substratum with good physic-chemical characteristics is an important point for the quality of the produced seedlings. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different doses of vermicompost in containers with capacity of about 50 cm3 of substratum. The current study was conducted in a greenhouse with Eucalyptus grandis from January to April in 1997. The substratum used for seedlings production was the soil from horizon A (0-20 cm of São Pedro Unit Mapping (yellow red Podzolic with different vermicompost quantities (0; 5.0; 10.0; 15.0 and 20.0 cm3. The vermicompost was produced from red-worm from California (Eisenia foetida Savigny with cow dung. After 100 days, the results of development for the same seedlings were different depending on doses of vermicompost. It was verified that quantities over 15.0 cm3 (30% of vermicompost per container are not recommended for the seedling production.

Aplicação de uma técnica alternativa de manejo físico do solo no cultivo de Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill (Myrtaceae Application of an alternative technique for physical soil management in cultivation of Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill (Myrtaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Paulo de Maçaneiro

2013-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o processo de crescimento do Eucalyptus grandis quando submetido à irregularização do terreno. Baseando-se na "Ótica da Teoria do Caos" e partindo-se da hipótese de que as áreas reflorestadas por E. grandis são consideravelmente sensíveis às condições iniciais de preparação do solo, aplicou-se a técnica das rugosidades (variações do relevo alternando superfícies côncavas e convexas para desencadear ao longo do tempo propriedades emergentes que aceleram o processo de crescimento vegetal. A área de estudo localiza-se na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Itajaí, em Brusque, SC. Esta foi dividida em quatro parcelas menores: duas com tratamentos irregulares (IR-A e IR-B e outras duas com tratamentos regulares (R-A e R-B. Os tratamentos irregulares consistiram na abertura de cavas, utilizando-se uma retroescavadeira hidráulica, intercaladas com 1 m de largura, 4 a 5 m de comprimento e 0,5 m de profundidade. Nos tratamentos regulares foi adotado o cultivo mínimo do solo, onde o preparo do solo ficou restrito às linhas ou covas de plantio. Na análise do desenvolvimento de E. grandis (altura, diâmetro do colo e na altura do peito - DAP verificou-se diferenças estatísticas entre as técnicas de preparação do solo, sendo os maiores valores nos tratamentos irregulares. Nas parcelas irregulares (IR-A e IR-B foram encontrados os maiores valores médios de altura (5,29 m e 5,46 m, diâmetro do colo (45,65 mm e 45,4 mm e DAP (4,44 cm e 4,79 cm, respectivamente. Pressupõe-se que as rugosidades funcionaram efetivamente como componentes auxiliares na internalização da matéria, retendo água, sedimentos e nutrientes, fato que deve ter potencializado e acelerado o crescimento do E. grandis.The aim of this study was to evaluate the process of growth of Eucalyptus grandis non-regularization when subjected to the ground. Relying on "Optical Chaos Theory" and starting from the assumption that the reforested

Improving phosphorus availability from Patos phosphate rock for Eucalyptus: a study with 32P radiotracer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Villanueva, Felipe Carlos Alvarez; Muraoka, Takashi; Trevizam, Anderson Ricardo

2006-01-01

Eucalyptus plantation in Brazil is generally set on low fertility soils, therefore phosphorus (P) fertilization is mandatory and increases the cost of plantation operation. Using species that more efficiently uptake phosphorus from less soluble sources is an interesting option. However, little is known about eucalyptus regarding its ability of using less soluble forms of phosphorus. The use of P by eucalyptus (E. urophylla, E. grandis, and E. urophylla E. grandis) was studied in greenhouse using a loamy-textured, hipodystrophic Typic Haplustox from the Cerrado region, and 32P isotopic method. The P sources tested were triple superphosphate (TSP), phosphate rock (PR) and the triple superphosphate mixed with PR (TSP+PR). The effectiveness of P sources in terms of increasing dry matter yield was TSP = (TSP + PR) > PR, and the P uptake followed the order (TSP + PR) > TSP > PR for both species plus the hybrid. The increase in P uptake from PR due to TSP influence was 217.3% for E. urophylla, 235.7% for E. grandis, and 28.7% for E. urophylla E. grandis, indicating an enhancement effect of TSP on the effectiveness of PR. The hybrid E. urophylla E. grandis was the most efficient genotype on P soil use and E. grandis most exigent in P fertilizer. (author)

Applying Sewage Sludge to Eucalyptus grandis Plantations: Effects on Biomass Production and Nutrient Cycling through Litterfall

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Da Silva, P.H.M.; Poggiani, F.; Laclau, J.P.

2011-01-01

In most Brazilian cities sewage sludge is dumped into sanitary landfills, even though its use in forest plantations as a fertilizer and soil conditioner might be an interesting option. Sewage sludge applications might reduce the amounts of mineral fertilizers needed to sustain the productivity on infertile tropical soils. However, sewage sludge must be applied with care to crops to avoid soil and water pollution. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of dry and wet sewage sludges on the growth and nutrient cycling of Eucalyptus grandis plantations established on the most common soil type for Brazilian eucalypt plantations. Biomass production and nutrient cycling were studied over a 36-month period in a complete randomized block design. Four experimental treatments were compared: wet sewage sludge, dry sludge, mineral fertilizer, and no fertilizer applications. The two types of sludges as well as mineral fertilizer increased significantly the biomass of Eucalyptus trees. Wood biomass productions 36 months after planting were similar in the sewage sludge and mineral fertilization treatments (about 80 tons ha - '1) and 86 % higher than in the control treatment. Sewage sludge application also affected positively leaf litter production and significantly increased nutrient transfer among the components of the ecosystem.

Applying Sewage Sludge to Eucalyptus grandis Plantations: Effects on Biomass Production and Nutrient Cycling through Litterfall

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Henrique Müller da Silva

2011-01-01

Full Text Available In most Brazilian cities sewage sludge is dumped into sanitary landfills, even though its use in forest plantations as a fertilizer and soil conditioner might be an interesting option. Sewage sludge applications might reduce the amounts of mineral fertilizers needed to sustain the productivity on infertile tropical soils. However, sewage sludge must be applied with care to crops to avoid soil and water pollution. The aim of our study was to assess the effects of dry and wet sewage sludges on the growth and nutrient cycling of Eucalyptus grandis plantations established on the most common soil type for Brazilian eucalypt plantations. Biomass production and nutrient cycling were studied over a 36-month period in a complete randomized block design. Four experimental treatments were compared: wet sewage sludge, dry sludge, mineral fertilizer, and no fertilizer applications. The two types of sludges as well as mineral fertilizer increased significantly the biomass of Eucalyptus trees. Wood biomass productions 36 months after planting were similar in the sewage sludge and mineral fertilization treatments (about 80 tons ha−1 and 86% higher than in the control treatment. Sewage sludge application also affected positively leaf litter production and significantly increased nutrient transfer among the components of the ecosystem.

Biomass of Eucalyptus grandis coffs harbour, by growth-ring identification using the gamma-ray attenuation technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rezende, M.A.

1984-01-01

Samples of 13-year old Eucalyptus grandis were analysed using the gamma-ray attenuation technique. The density was obtained through the profile, and it was then possible to determine the mean density for each annual ring of the samples. The period from formation of two consecutive late-wood rings, i.e., two high density peaks, was considered as one year of tree life. An attempt was made to determine the annual increments at breast-heigh diameter, per height unit, based on volume, mass and energy, trying to estimate the cutting age for each of these elements and the relationship between them. Emphasis was also put on the importance with which density variations, and core to cork calorific value, should be considered when determining the cutting age. (M.A.C.) [pt

Intoxicação de eucalipto submetido à deriva simulada de diferentes herbicidas Intoxication of eucalyptus submitted to different herbicide drift

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L.D. Tuffi Santos

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Além do glyphosate, amplamente usado, outros herbicidas, como o triclopyr e o carfentrazone-ethyl, apresentam potencial de uso na eucaliptocultura. Entretanto, a nãoseletividade destes herbicidas ao eucalipto pode levar à intoxicação da cultura, caso haja contato das folhas com a calda aplicada. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da deriva de alguns herbicidas em plantas de Eucalyptus urophylla, simulada por meio de subdoses: 0, 43,2, 86,4 e 172,8 g ha-1 de glyphosate; 14,4, 28,8 e 57,6 g ha-1 de triclopyr; 0,84, 1,68 e 3,36 g ha-1 de carfentrazone-ethyl; e das misturas: 43,2 g ha-1 de glyphosate + 14,4 g ha-1 de triclopyr; 86,4 g ha¹ de glyphosate + 28,6 g ha-1 de triclopyr; 43,2 g ha-1 de glyphosate + 1,68 g ha-1 de carfentrazone-ethyl; 86,4 g ha-1 de glyphosate + 3,36 g ha-1 de carfentrazone-ethyl. As mudas de eucalipto com aproximadamente 50 cm de altura receberam a aplicação dos herbicidas de modo a não atingir o terço superior das plantas, 45 dias após o transplantio. Entre os tratamentos, a deriva de glyphosate mostrou-se mais danosa ao eucalipto, seguida de carfentrazone-ethyl e triclopyr. Plantas de eucalipto expostas à subdose de 172,8 g ha-1 de glyphosate e às misturas glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethyl tiveram maior porcentagem de intoxicação e menor crescimento aos 15, 30 e 45 dias após aplicação (DAA. Houve recuperação das plantas expostas à deriva do triclopyr, que apresentaram 56,25 e 15,10% de intoxicação aos 15 e 30 DAA, respectivamente, indicando menor risco da deriva do triclopyr em comparação aos demais herbicidas e misturas estudados.Besides glyphosate, which is widely utilized, other herbicides such as triclopyr and carfentrazone-ethyl, have a potential use in eucalypt plantations. However, the non-selective nature of these herbicides may lead to plant intoxication due to leaf contact during application. This work aims to evaluate the effects of some herbicides drift on Eucalyptus urophylla, simulated

ANÁLISE DE CRESCIMENTO, INCIDÊNCIA DE Rhizoctonia sp. E EFEITO ANTIXENOSE PARA A FORMIGA-CORTADEIRA Atta sexdens rubropilosa F. EM CLONES DE Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla TRATADOS COM GIBERELINA1

OpenAIRE

Fabio Santos Matos; Débora Zacarias da Silva; Brenda Rodrigues de Souza; Dahís Ramalho Moura; Vinícius de Araújo Lopes; Daniel Diego Costa Carvalho; Marcio da Silva Araujo

2015-01-01

RESUMO A competitividade do setor florestal brasileiro, fruto das condições climáticas e tecnologia empregada, faz que o país ocupe posição de destaque no cenário mundial. Apesar do elevado crescimento brasileiro no setor florestal, é necessário o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que proporcionem aumento de produtividade. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito fisiológico da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de giberelina (GA3) no acúmulo de biomassa do híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyp...

Transcriptionally active LTR retrotransposons in Eucalyptus genus are differentially expressed and insertionally polymorphic.

Science.gov (United States)

Marcon, Helena Sanches; Domingues, Douglas Silva; Silva, Juliana Costa; Borges, Rafael Junqueira; Matioli, Fábio Filippi; Fontes, Marcos Roberto de Mattos; Marino, Celso Luis

2015-08-14

In Eucalyptus genus, studies on genome composition and transposable elements (TEs) are particularly scarce. Nearly half of the recently released Eucalyptus grandis genome is composed by retrotransposons and this data provides an important opportunity to understand TE dynamics in Eucalyptus genome and transcriptome. We characterized nine families of transcriptionally active LTR retrotransposons from Copia and Gypsy superfamilies in Eucalyptus grandis genome and we depicted genomic distribution and copy number in two Eucalyptus species. We also evaluated genomic polymorphism and transcriptional profile in three organs of five Eucalyptus species. We observed contrasting genomic and transcriptional behavior in the same family among different species. RLC_egMax_1 was the most prevalent family and RLC_egAngela_1 was the family with the lowest copy number. Most families of both superfamilies have their insertions occurring Eucalyptus species. Using EST analysis and qRT-PCRs, we observed transcriptional activity in several tissues and in all evaluated species. In some families, osmotic stress increases transcript values. Our strategy was successful in isolating transcriptionally active retrotransposons in Eucalyptus, and each family has a particular genomic and transcriptional pattern. Overall, our results show that retrotransposon activity have differentially affected genome and transcriptome among Eucalyptus species.

Effects of Urban Waste and Mineral Fertilizers Applications on Eucalyptus grandis Growth and Soil Conditions Efeito da Aplicação de Lixo Urbano Compostado e de Adubos Minerais no Solo e na Produtividade de Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guilherme de Castro Andrade

2011-03-01

Full Text Available

Traits and trade-offs in whole-tree hydraulic architecture along the vertical axis of Eucalyptus grandis.

Science.gov (United States)

Pfautsch, Sebastian; Aspinwall, Michael J; Drake, John E; Chacon-Doria, Larissa; Langelaan, Rob J A; Tissue, David T; Tjoelker, Mark G; Lens, Frederic

2018-01-25

Sapwood traits like vessel diameter and intervessel pit characteristics play key roles in maintaining hydraulic integrity of trees. Surprisingly little is known about how sapwood traits covary with tree height and how such trait-based variation could affect the efficiency of water transport in tall trees. This study presents a detailed analysis of structural and functional traits along the vertical axes of tall Eucalyptus grandis trees. To assess a wide range of anatomical and physiological traits, light and electron microscopy was used, as well as field measurements of tree architecture, water use, stem water potential and leaf area distribution. Strong apical dominance of water transport resulted in increased volumetric water supply per unit leaf area with tree height. This was realized by continued narrowing (from 250 to 20 µm) and an exponential increase in frequency (from 600 to 13 000 cm-2) of vessels towards the apex. The widest vessels were detected at least 4 m above the stem base, where they were associated with the thickest intervessel pit membranes. In addition, this study established the lower limit of pit membrane thickness in tall E. grandis at ~375 nm. This minimum thickness was maintained over a large distance in the upper stem, where vessel diameters continued to narrow. The analyses of xylem ultrastructure revealed complex, synchronized trait covariation and trade-offs with increasing height in E. grandis. Anatomical traits related to xylem vessels and those related to architecture of pit membranes were found to increase efficiency and apical dominance of water transport. This study underlines the importance of studying tree hydraulic functioning at organismal scale. Results presented here will improve understanding height-dependent structure-function patterns in tall trees. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Efeito do óleo de eucalipto (Corymbia citriodora no controle do carrapato bovino Effect of eucalyptus oil (Corymbia citriodora on the control of cattle ticks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clair Jorge Olivo

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Esta pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito in vitro e in vivo do óleo de eucalipto (Corymbia citriodora sobre o carrapato bovino (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus microplus. Na experimentação in vitro, foi utilizado o grupo controle negativo e oito concentrações de óleo de eucalipto (0,5; 1; 2; 5; 10; 20; 50; 100%, em fêmeas ingurgitadas de carrapato. A eficácia de controle foi de 0; 30,5; 75,5; 91; 100; 100; 100; 100 e 100%, respectivamente. Para a experimentação in vivo, foram constituídos três grupos (controle negativo; óleo de eucalipto a 3,5% - nível estimado mediante análise de regressão, correspondendo a 95% de eficácia de controle do carrapato da pesquisa in vitro e amitraz a 0,025%, com dezoito vacas da raça Holandesa. Antes (média dos dias -3, -2,-1 e após a aplicação do produto (1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21dias, foram contadas fêmeas ingurgitadas de carrapato. A eficácia de controle foi de 0; 96,4 e 69%, respectivamente, 21 dias após o tratamento. Na 1ª e na 2ª ordenha após a aplicação dos tratamentos, foram avaliadas variáveis fisiológicas e coletadas amostras de leite para avaliar as propriedades organolépticas no leite e no iogurte (controle negativo x tratamento fitoterápico. O teste de aceitação sensorial do leite e das variáveis fisiológicas avaliadas foram similares entre os tratamentos.This research was aimed at evaluating in vitro and in vivo effects of eucalyptus (Corymbia citriodora oil on cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus microplus. Negative control group and eight concentrations of eucalyptus oil (0.5; 1; 2; 5; 10; 20; 50; 100%, were used on in vitro trials with engorged female ticks. The efficacy of control ticks was 0; 30.5; 75.5; 91; 100; 100; 100; 100 and 100%, respectively. At the in vivo trial eighteen Holstein cows were allocated to three groups (negative control, eucalyptus oil at 3.5% - level estimated by regression analysis, accounting for 95% efficacy of

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE VARIABLES, TRUNK GROWTH RATE AND WOOD DENSITY OF Eucalyptus grandis W. Mill ex Maiden TREES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Roberto Sette Jr

2016-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Climatic conditions stimulates the cambial activity of plants, and cause significant changes in trunk diameter growth and wood characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of climate variables in the diameter growth rate of the stem and the wood density of Eucalyptus grandis trees in different classes of the basal area. A total of 25 Eucalyptus trees at 22 months of age were selected according to the basal area distribution. Dendrometer bands were installed at the height of 1.30 meters (DBH to monitor the diameter growth every 14 days, for 26 months. After measuring growth, the trees were felled and wood discs were removed at the DBH level to determine the radial density profile through x-ray microdensitometry and then re-scale the average values every 14 days. Climatic variables for the monitoring period were obtained and grouped every 14 days. The effect of the climate variables was determined by maximum and minimum growth periods in assessing trunk growth. These growth periods were related with precipitation, average temperature and relative air humidity. The re-scaled wood density values, calculated using the radial growth of the tree trunks measured accurately with steel dendrometers, enabled the determination of the relationship of small changes in wood density and the effect of the climatic variations and growth rate of eucalyptus tree trunks. A high sensitivity of the wood density to variation in precipitation levels was found.

History and Status of Eucalyptus Improvement in Florida

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Donald L. Rockwood

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The first organized Eucalyptus research in Florida was begun by the Florida Forests Foundation in 1959 in southern Florida. This research was absorbed by the USDA Forest Service and the Florida Division of Forestry in 1968. In the early 1970s, the Eucalyptus Research Cooperative formed to provide additional support emphasized E. grandis, E. robusta, E. camaldulensis, and E. tereticornis and developed cultural practices for commercial plantations in southern Florida. In 1978, this cooperative united with the Hardwood Research Cooperative at North Carolina State University until 1985 when the 14-year effort ended after three severe freezes from 1983 to 1985. Eucalyptus planting and research were continued with a Florida-wide focus by the University of Florida and collaborators starting in 1980. The collective accomplishments in terms of genetic resources and commercial planting are summarized. For example, fast-growing, freeze-resilient E. grandis seedlings are produced by advanced generation seed orchards, five E. grandis cultivars are commercially available, as are E. amplifolia and Corymbia torelliana seeds. Genetic improvement of these and other species is ongoing due to beneficial collaborations. Short Rotation Woody Crop systems are promising for increasing productivity and extending uses beyond conventional pulpwood to applications such as windbreaks, dendroremediation, and energy wood.

Eucalyptus tolerance mechanisms to lanthanum and cerium: subcellular distribution, antioxidant system and thiol pools.

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Yichang; Zhang, Shirong; Li, Sen; Xu, Xiaoxun; Jia, Yongxia; Gong, Guoshu

2014-12-01

Guanglin 9 (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophlla) and Eucalyptus grandis 5 are two eucalyptus species which have been found to grow normally in soils contaminated with lanthanum and cerium, but the tolerance mechanisms are not clear yet. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the tolerance mechanisms of the eucalyptus to lanthanum and cerium. Cell walls stored 45.40-63.44% of the metals under lanthanum or cerium stress. Peroxidase and catalase activities enhanced with increasing soil La or Ce concentrations up to 200 mg kg(-1), while there were no obvious changes in glutathione and ascorbate concentrations. Non-protein thiols concentrations increased with increasing treatment levels up to 200 mg kg(-1), and then decreased. Phytochelatins concentrations continued to increase under La or Ce stress. Therefore, the two eucalyptus species are La and Ce tolerant plants, and the tolerance mechanisms include cell wall deposition, antioxidant system response, and thiol compound synthesis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Is Eucalyptus Cryptically Self-incompatible?

Science.gov (United States)

Horsley, Tasmien N; Johnson, Steven D

2007-12-01

The probability that seeds will be fertilized from self- versus cross-pollen depends strongly on whether plants have self-incompatibility systems, and how these systems influence the fate of pollen tubes. In this study of breeding systems in Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis, epifluorescence microscopy was used to study pollen tube growth in styles following self- and cross-pollinations. Pollen tubes from self-pollen took significantly longer than those from cross-pollen to grow to the base of the style in both E. urophylla (120 h vs. 96 h) and E. grandis (96 h vs. 72 h). In addition, both species exhibited reduced seed yields following self-pollination compared with cross-pollination. The present observations suggest that, in addition to a late-acting self-incompatibility barrier, cryptic self-incompatibility could be a mechanism responsible for the preferential out-crossing system in these two eucalypt species.

The floral transcriptome of Eucalyptus grandis

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Vining, KJ

2015-10-01

Full Text Available As a step toward functional annotation of genes required for floral initiation and development within the Eucalyptus genome, we used short read sequencing to analyze transcriptomes of floral buds from early and late developmental stages...

Influência da idade e da posição ao longo do tronco na composição química da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex. Maiden Influence of age and position along the trunk on the chemical composition of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex. Maiden wood

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José de Castro Silva

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho estudou a variação da composição química na madeira de Eucalyptus grandis de quatro diferentes idades (10, 14, 20 e 25 anos, proveniente de talhões comerciais. As amostras foram coletadas de tr��s discos, retirados da base e das extremidades das duas primeiras toras, de 3 m cada uma, de 16 árvores (quatro para cada idade, totalizando 48 discos. Os valores médios dos teores de holocelulose, lignina e extrativos foram de 69, 27 e 4%, respectivamente. Verificou-se que os teores de extrativos e lignina aumentaram com a idade, com maiores concentrações nos discos próximos da base; verificou-se, também, que o teor de holocelulose diminuiu com a idade, com maiores concentrações nos discos retirados nas regiões superiores do tronco.The objective of this work was to study the chemical composition variation of the Eucalyptus grandis wood, of four different ages (10,14,20 and 25 years, from commercial stands. The samples were removed from three disks taken from the base and top of the first two 3 m logs, from sixteen trees (four per age, totalizing fourty-eight discs. The mean values of holocellulose, lignin and extractive contents were 69, 27 and 4%, respectively. The extractive and lignin contents increased with age, with greater concentrations near the base; the holocellulose content also decreased with age with greater concentrations in discs removed from the upper parts of the trunk.

Energy from briquettes produced from remains of urban solid residues and wood of Eucalyptus grandis; Energia de briquetes produzidos com rejeitos de residuos solidos urbanos e madeira de Eucalyptus grandis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goncalves, Jose E.; Leao, Alcides L. [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Ciencias Ambientais], emails: evaristo@fca.unesp.br, alcidesleao@fca.unesp.br; Sartori, Maria M.P. [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Bauru, SP (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia de Producao], email: msartori@btu.flash.tv.br

2009-07-01

The incentive for consumption and production in large quantity in modern society generates enormous amounts of urban solid residues in the form of municipal solid waste (MSW). With the intention of reducing these residues of the municipal waste tips and to generate energy, briquettes with mixtures of MSW and residues of Eucalyptus grandis were produced. The briquettes were manufactured with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of MSW in the mixture with wood waste and 12% of moisture content. The analyzed parameters used to choose the best treatments were combustion analysis versus ash content, mechanical strength and energy content. The briquettes up to 10% of MSW showed low resistance, and above 15% showed large increase in ash content. Therefore, the treatment that fulfilled the requirements for combustion versus ash content and mechanical resistance was of at least 15% of MSW, since the source of the ash is unidentified. Considering the net energy content, the best treatment was 25% of MSW, with 17,175 kJ kg{sup -1}. Nevertheless, it is strongly advised that further studies related to gas emissions are necessary. (author)

Occurrence of proscopiidae in Eucalyptus spp.: analysis of the infestations and spatial distribution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre dos Santos

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of this research was to report the occurrence of proscopiidae and to quantify its infestation and spatial distribution in one experimental plantation of eucalypt clones. The study was conducted in an experimental field with eucalypt hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis (clones GG100, Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis (H13 and of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus camaldulensis (VM01. The plantation was established in three continuous blocks with 512 plants with 3 m x 2 m, in Cáceres municipality, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Infestation of proscopiidae insects was detected two months after planting . The insects were collected for identification. The attacked trees were geo-referenced and the injuries were quantified. The spatial pattern of proscopiidae he attack was determinated using the location information of the damaged plants, which have been submitted to a quadrats analyses using Morisita and binomial dispersion indexes. All the collected insects have been identified as Tetanorhynchus smithi Rehn, 1904 (Orthoptera, Proscopiidae. The infestation differed significantly among the three eucalypts clones and aggregated spatial pattern of attack was observed. This is the first report of this species of proscopiidae in eucalyptus in Mato Grosso State.

BASIC DENSITY AND RETRACTIBILITY OF WOOD CLONES OF THREE Eucalyptus SPECIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Djeison Cesar Batista

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Among the planted forests that supply the national wood industry, the genus Eucalyptus has become the most important, due to its fast growth, ease of large scale planting and variability of wood use. The generation of new hybrids and clones is a reality in the national practice of silviculture, and there is great interest currently in finding genetic improvements, mainly for higher volumetric gains and resistance in rough conditions of planting, such as pest attacks, periods of drought, low soil fertility, etc. The basic density is one of the most important physical properties of wood because it relates directly to other properties, including the anisotropic shrinkage. Such properties indicate the rational use of a species in a certain wood product. The aim of this work was to determine the basic density and the anisotropic shrinkage of five wood clones for each one of the following species: Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus dunnii. Clone 5 of Eucalyptus saligna presented the highest basic density (0.56 g/cm³ and was the most dimensionally instable. Of all the species, there was only a direct relation among basic density, maximum volumetric shrinkage and maximum volumetric shrinkage coefficient in this clone. Considering maximum volumetric shrinkage as the criterion, clone 3 was the most dimensionally stable. Clones 2 and 3 of Eucalyptus grandis presented the least and the highest basic density, respectively, with 0.40 and 0.49 g/cm³. It was not possible to distinguish among clones 1, 3 and 4 in terms of dimensional stability, and considering maximum volumetric shrinkage coefficient as the criterion, clone 5 was the most dimensionally instable. For Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus dunnii it was not possible to distinguish which clone presented the least basic density. Clone 3 of Eucalyptus dunnii presented the highest basic density (0.65 g/cm³ and considering maximum volumetric shrinkage coefficient as the criterion, it

Influência da Umidade na Resistência da Madeira de Eucalipto a Impactos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anderson Pertuzzatti

2017-08-01

Full Text Available RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus cloeziana submetidas a diferentes condições de umidade a impactos. Para tanto, os corpos de prova foram distribuídos em três condições de umidade (seco, climatizado e saturado. Foram avaliadas as propriedade de resistência a impactos, massa específica e teor de umidade de equilíbrio. Os dados foram interpretados por meio de análise de variância fatorial. Dessa maneira, verificou-se que a madeira de E. cloeziana foi mais resistente a impactos na condição saturada em comparação com as amostras climatizada e seca. Já o E. grandis não apresentou diferença significativa entre as condições de umidade testadas. O E. cloeziana demonstrou maior capacidade de absorver impactos em relação ao E. grandis. Ambas as espécies foram classificadas como pouco resistentes a impactos. Portanto, não é recomendado a utilização das espécies estudadas em locais sujeitos a cargas de choque.

Influência de idade e da posição radial nas dimensões das fibras e dos vasos da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex. Maiden Influence of age and radial position on fiber and vessel dimensions of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex. Maiden wood

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José de Castro Silva

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a variação das dimensões das fibras e dos vasos da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis com quatro diferentes idades (10, 14, 20 e 25 anos, proveniente de talhões comerciais. A amostragem do material na árvore foi feita através da coleta de três discos, retirados da base e das extremidades das duas primeiras toras, ambas com o comprimento comercial de 3 m. De cada disco, retiraram-se cinco amostras, de dimensões 1,0 x 1,0 x 1,0 cm, tomadas de pontos eqüidistantes, correspondentes a 0; 25; 50; 75; e 100% da seção, no sentido radial medula-casca, fazendo-se a medição das fibras e dos vasos. Verificou-se, em todos os parâmetros, o efeito da idade e da variação radial, no sentido medula-casca, à exceção da largura e do diâmetro do lume das fibras; todos os demais parâmetros apresentaram correlação positiva.The objective of this work was to evaluate the variability of wood quantitative anatomical characteristics (fibers and vessels of Eucalyptus grandis of four different ages (10, 14, 20 and 25 years, obtained from commercial stands. Tree material sampling was collected from three disks in the bottom and top of the first two logs, both three m long. Five samples were collected from each disc at the pith-to-bark direction at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the radii. In all cases, age and pith-to-bark direction were observed to have a marked influence on all the assays, except for fiber lumen diameter and width; all the other parameters showed a positive correlation.

Aspectos biológicos de Thyrinteina arnobia (Lep.: Geometriadae provenientes de lagartas criadas em folhas de Eucalyptus cloeziana ou de Psidium guajava sob condições de campo Biological aspects of Thyrinteina arnobia (Lep.: Geometridae adults originated from caterpillars reared on leaves of Eucalyptus cloeziana or Psidium guajava under field conditions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anderson Mathias Holtz

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Os plantios de Eucalyptus no Brasil podem sofrer danos por espécies nativas de insetos de diversas ordens, como Orthoptera, Coleoptera e Lepidoptera. Esses insetos podem alimentar-se tanto de mirtáceas brasileiras como goiabeira, gabirobeira, jabuticabeira, entre outras, como de espécies do gênero Eucalyptus. Entre os desfolhadores, destaca-se Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll (Lepidoptera: Geometridae como o mais daninho dessa ordem para a eucaliptocultura brasileira. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar aspectos biológicos de adultos de T. arnobia provenientes de lagartas alimentadas com plantas de eucalipto e, ou, goiabeira. Adultos deste inseto criados em folhas de eucalipto e, ou, de goiabeira apresentaram diferenças significativas para a maioria dos aspectos biológicos avaliados, exceto para a duração dos períodos de préoviposição, de oviposição e razão sexual. Assim, insetos herbívoros que vivem em hospedeiros filogeneticamente próximos ao eucalipto são capazes de causar danos consideráveis em reflorestamentos com espécies desse grupo, o que provavelmente ocorre pelo fato de elas estarem ainda em processo de adaptação a essa praga que atacaria o eucalipto, por estar fugindo da pressão exercida por barreiras físicas e químicas existentes nas mirtáceas nativas brasileiras.Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil may be damaged by native insects of many orders including Orthoptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. These insects feed on Brazilian tree species of the family Myrtaceae to which the genus Eucalyptus belongs. The Lepidoptera Thyrinteina arnobia Stoll (Lepidoptera: Geometridae is the most harmful defoliator of Eucalyptus in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate biological aspects of T. arnobia adults originated from caterpillars fed on guava or eucalyptus plants. Adults of T. arnobia originated from caterpillars reared with eucalyptus or guava leaves presented significant differences for most biological

Avaliação tecnológica de painéis MDF de madeira de Eucalyptus grandis confeccionados em laboratório e em linha de produção industrial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ugo Leandro Belini

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Chapas MDF de fibras da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis foram confeccionadas em laboratório e em linha de produção industrial e determinadas suas propriedades anatômicas, físicas e mecânicas. O desfibramento da madeira provocou o rompimento transversal da parede das fibras. Os painéis MDF obtidos em linha de produção apresentaram menores valores de inchamento e de absorção e melhores propriedades mecânicas para módulo de ruptura, módulo de elasticidade e resistência à tração superficial. Para os painéis MDF confeccionados em laboratório, verificou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre módulo de ruptura e de elasticidade, densidade média e resistência à tração perpendicular e inchamento e absorção. Para os painéis MDF confeccionados em linha de produção industrial, verificaram-se as mesmas tendências, sem significância estatística. A avaliação dos parâmetros de qualidade de painéis MDF de eucalipto confeccionados em laboratório e em linha de produção visa a calibrar as variáveis para a obtenção de chapas MDF em pequena escala e melhorar a precisão das análises de rotina de controle de qualidade bem como nas informações apresentadas em publicações científicas.

Wood energy in Eucalyptus forest; A energia da madeira em floresta de eucalipto

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia, Eder Aparecido [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas], e-mail: os_garcias@fca.unesp.br; Lancas, Kleber Pereira [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Engenharia Rural; Guerra, Saulo Philipe Sebastiao [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas. Dept. de Gestao e Tecnologia Agroindustrial; Rezende, Marcos Antonio de [Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Biociencias. Dept. de Fisica e Biofisica; Maziero, Felipe Luiz [Faculdadede Tecnologia de Sao Paulo (FATEC-SP), Borucatu, SP (Brazil)

2011-07-01

This study was conducted to address the energy productivity of forest density. In an area of dystrophic, seedlings of clones of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla were planted in 2008, considering factors spacing and fertilization. The first dose is equivalent to 70 g/plant of NPK 6-30-6 and total coverage of 110 g/plant of NPK 20-0-20 with B and Zn, the doses were the two three double and four times the dose 1. The spacings were 2.8x0.5 m, 2.8 x1.0 m, 2.8x1.5 m, 2.8x2.0 m and 2.8x2.5 m. At 18 months, sample trees were harvested to analyze the gross calorific value of wood with bark. An evaluation of economic viability was based on the sale of briquettes. The highest income in the spacing was 2.8x1.0 m with level 2. The average values of calorific value were between 4717 and 4862 kcal/kg. The greatest potential energy was 109,845 kcal/tree obtained at spacing 2.8x2.5 m, with 3 doses of fertilization, but was similar to two doses. The highest yield was 316 Gcal/ha, in treating 2.8x0.5 m with higher fertilizer application. (author)

EFFECT OF THINNING AND FERTILIZATION ON Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex-Maiden PITH DISPLACEMENT AND LOG END SPLITTlNG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Israel Luiz de Lima

2007-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of thinning and fertilization on some log properties which influence sawn wood yield in a 21 year-old grown Eucalyptus grandis stand. Three selective thinning intensities (37, 50 and 75%, presence or absence of fertilizers on the beginning of the thinning, two diameter classes and two logs taken from two different vertical positions were taken as the study factors. The influence of the factors and their combination on tree growth stresses were indirectly evaluate through log end splitting and pith displacement in relation to its normal central position. Thinning, fertilization, diameter class and log position on the tree height did not have significant effect on pith displacement. The logs from fertilized plots presented higher log end splitting index than others.

Crescimento de eucalipto sob efeito de desfolhamento artificial Eucalyptus growth under the effect of artificial defoliation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Augusto Rodrigues Matrangolo

2010-09-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do desfolhamento total, realizado após o plantio e ao longo do primeiro ano de cultivo, sobre o crescimento de Eucalyptus grandis, desde a implantação até ao corte do povoamento. Foram avaliados cinco tratamentos: sem desfolhamento; um desfolhamento aos 56 dias após o plantio (DAP; dois desfolhamentos, aos 56 e 143 DAP; dois desfolhamentos, aos 56 e 267 DAP; e três desfolhamentos, aos 56, 143 e 278 DAP. Foram mensurados os diâmetros do tronco a 1,3 m e a altura total de 60 árvores por tratamento, em oito avaliações, do 21º ao 92º mês de cultivo. O crescimento médio em cada tratamento foi descrito por modelos de regressão não lineares e comparados por testes de identidade para comparar as tendências entre a testemunha e os demais tratamentos. O desfolhamento causou reduções significativas nas taxas de crescimento em diâmetro e altura das plantas, e diminuição expressiva no faturamento ao final da rotação, mesmo quando realizado uma única vez, no início do plantio. Maiores danos, no entanto, foram verificados após consecutivos desfolhamentos ao longo do primeiro ano de cultivo. A manutenção de áreas que tenham sofrido desfolhamento total na fase inicial de plantio pode tornar-se uma medida economicamente inviável.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of total defoliation at planting initial stages, and along the first year of cultivation, on Eucalyptus grandis growth, from planting to plantation cut. Five treatments were tested: without defoliation; one defoliation, at 56th day after planting (DAP; two defoliations, at 56th and 143th DAP; two defoliations, at 56th and 267th DAP; and three defoliations, at 56th, 143th and 278th DAP. Trunk diameter at 1.30-m height and the total height of 60 trees were measured from the 21st to the 92th cultivation months. The average growth of each treatment was described by nonlinear models and compared by identity

Viabilidade econômica da produção de eucalipto no interior de São Paulo = Economic viability of eucalyptus production in the countryside of São Paulo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helder Roberto Dota Janoselli

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Com a projeção de crescimento da demanda por madeira para as próximas décadas, a produção de eucalipto tem ganhando destaque nos últimos anos e sendo responsável por mais de 70% da área de árvores plantas no Brasil. Os pequenos produtores rurais vêm aumentando sua participação na produção. A busca por alternativa de investimento que gere lucro e demande pouca estrutura e mão de obra, especialmente para os pequenos produtores rurais, motivou o presente trabalho. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal foi analisar a viabilidade econômica da cultura de eucalipto na cidade de São João da Boa Vista, interior de São Paulo. Para isso, foi elaborado fluxo de caixa para um período de 14 anos, calculados os indicadores de Valor Presente Líquido [VPL], Taxa Interna de Retorno [TIR], payback e realizada análise de sensibilidade. Os indicadores econômicos demonstram que a instalação da cultura do eucalipto, conforme proposto, com destoca e custo de oportunidade da terra, mostrou-se inviável, não gerando lucro para o investidor. Com um VPL negativo de R$ 40.808,70, TIR em 3,41% e o tempo de retorno para o capital investido pelo payback simples em 7,82 anos e payback descontado em 8 anos. O mesmo projeto com uma forma de manejo diferente, não realizando a destoca, com a possibilidade de novo plantio de eucalipto, passa a ser viável, com um VPL positivo de R$ 6.802,85, TIR em 4,55% e o tempo de retorno para o capital investido pelo payback simples em 7,82 anos e payback descontado em 8 anos. = According to the projection of growth in wood demand in the upcoming decades, the eucalyptus production is gathering further highlight in recent years and being responsible for over 70 % of the area of woody crops in Brazil. The search for an alternative profitable investment that demands low structure and labor costs, especially for small farmers, has motivated this study. Therefore, the focus was to analyze the economic viability of eucalyptus

Produção de mudas de eucalipto com substratos para sistema de blocos Production of eucalyptus seedlings with substrata in block systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teresa Aparecida Soares de Freitas

2010-10-01

Full Text Available O trabalho objetivou determinar misturas de resíduos orgânicos para produção de mudas em sistema de blocos, que apresentassem agregação ao sistema radicular e possibilitassem bom desenvolvimento das mudas de eucalipto. Foram utilizados resíduos de fibra de coco (fibras finas - FCF, longas - FCL e mistas - FCM, casca de eucalipto (CE e torta de filtro de usina açucareira (T, obtendo-se 10 misturas. Escolheram-se quatro misturas, por meio de blocos-testes de dimensões 11,5 x 2,3 cm. As misturas escolhidas para utilização na produção das mudas foram: FCM (40% + T (60%; CE (60% + FCM (40%; CE (40% +T (60%; e CE (40% + T (30% + FCM (30%. Mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla foram produzidas por sementes em bandejas com dimensões de 40 x 60 x 7 cm, com capacidade para 96 mudas, semeadas diretamente nos blocos confeccionados com as misturas selecionadas, com e sem prensagem. Aos 90 dias após a semeadura, foi feita avaliação do diâmetro, altura, massa de matéria seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular das mudas. Os substratos foram avaliados quanto à estabilidade do torrão e grau de agregação dos substratos às raízes. Foram realizadas análises de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn e Fe da parte aérea. Os substratos selecionados apresentaram boa agregação e estabilidade. Não foram observados problemas nutricionais nas mudas. Para a produção de mudas em blocos com prensagem, recomenda-se o substrato CE (60% + FCM (40% e para sem prensagem, as misturas CE (60% + FCM (40%; CE (40% + T(60% e CE (40% + T(30% + FCM (30%.The objective of this study was to determine mixtures of regional organic residues that present aggregation to the root system and make a good development possible for Eucalyptus seedlings in block systems. Residues of coconut fiber (fine fibers - FCF, long fibers - FCL and mixed fibers - FCM, eucalyptus bark (CE and sugarcane filter cake (T were used, with ten mixtures obtained. The blocks for the expansion tests were made in

Classificação de árvores de eucalipto para postes em sistema agroflorestal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel de Paula Silveira

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Foram construídas tabelas de dupla entrada para quantificação de postes de eucalipto em sistema agroflorestal (SAF, seguindo-se as normas Light, ABPM-E86 e CEMIG-ABNT. Além de permitir definição do melhor tipo de poste com base no seu comprimento máximo, ainda com a árvore em pé, as tabelas construídas podem ser empregadas em inventários de postes de eucalipto. Para a construção das tabelas foram utilizados dados de 114 árvores-amostra de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. abatidas e cubadas em um sistema agroflorestal, em que os diâmetros e as alturas variavam de 17 a 43 cm e de 19 a 39 m, respectivamente.

Streptomyces rhizobacteria modulate the secondary metabolism of Eucalyptus plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Salla, Tamiris Daros; da Silva, Ramos; Astarita, Leandro Vieira; Santarém, Eliane Romanato

2014-12-01

The genus Eucalyptus comprises economically important species, such as Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus globulus, used especially as a raw material in many industrial sectors. Species of Eucalyptus are very susceptible to pathogens, mainly fungi, which leads to mortality of plant cuttings in rooting phase. One alternative to promote plant health and development is the potential use of microorganisms that act as agents for biological control, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Rhizobacteria Streptomyces spp have been considered as PGPR. This study aimed at selecting strains of Streptomyces with ability to promote plant growth and modulate secondary metabolism of E. grandis and E. globulus in vitro plants. The experiments assessed the development of plants (root number and length), changes in key enzymes in plant defense (polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase) and induction of secondary compounds(total phenolic and quercetinic flavonoid fraction). The isolate Streptomyces PM9 showed highest production of indol-3-acetic acid and the best potential for root induction. Treatment of Eucalyptus roots with Streptomyces PM9 caused alterations in enzymes activities during the period of co-cultivation (1-15 days), as well as in the levels of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Shoots also showed alteration in the secondary metabolism, suggesting induced systemic response. The ability of Streptomyces sp. PM9 on promoting root growth, through production of IAA, and possible role on modulation of secondary metabolism of Eucalyptus plants characterizes this isolate as PGPR and indicates its potential use as a biological control in forestry.

Accumulation of oxalic acid and calcium crystals in ectomycorrhizas of eucalypt.: II- calcium oxalate crystal formation induced by ectomicorrhizal fungi in fine lateral roots

OpenAIRE

Gonzalez, Jhon Alexander Zambrano; Costa, Maurício Dutra; Silva, Ivo Ribeiro; Neves, Júlio César Lima; Barros, Nairam Félix de; Borges, Arnaldo Chaer

2009-01-01

O eucalipto é eficiente na aquisição de Ca do solo, mas pouco se sabe sobre a participação das ectomicorrizas e dos ácidos orgânicos nesse processo em campo. O acúmulo de cristais de Ca (CaOx) foi avaliado em, aproximadamente, 2.100 raízes laterais finas e ectomicorrizas do híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, cultivado por 2,5 anos em área com topografia típica em meia laranja, com vertente côncavo-convexa, na região de Viçosa, MG. Técnicas de microscopia óptica e microscopi...

Produtividade de madeira do eucalipto correlacionada com atributos do solo visando ao mapeamento de zonas específicas de manejo Eucalyptus wood productivity correlated with soil attributes aiming the mapping of management specifics regions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Morel de Passos e Carvalho

2012-10-01

Full Text Available A correta intervenção espacial na administração da lavoura, decorrente das zonas específicas de manejo do solo, aumenta a produtividade e a lucratividade agrícola. No ano de 2010, em Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil (20° 20' S lat.; 51° 24' W long. foram empregadas correlações, espaciais e de Pearson, entre dados da planta de eucalipto e alguns atributos físico-químicos do solo, visando encontrar aquele que se correlacionasse bem com a produtividade de madeira. Para tanto, instalou-se uma rede geoestatística para a coleta de dados de solo e planta, com 120 pontos amostrais, num talhão de Eucalyptus camaldulensis de 2 anos. O solo foi um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Haplic Acrustox com declive de 0,025m m-1. O diâmetro basal da copa e a densidade do solo, por resultarem estreitas correlações com o volume de madeira, evidenciaram zonas específicas de manejo do solo intimamente associadas à produção de madeira do eucalipto.The perfect spatial intervention to manage the cultivation of the land, deriving from specific regions of the soil mapping, increases the agricultural productivity, as well as its clear gain. The relationships, spatial and Pearson, between eucalyptus data plant with some physical and chemical attributes of soil, in the growing season of 2011, in Selviria County, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil (20° 20' S lat.; 51° 24' W long., were studied in order to obtain the one that could have the best relationship in order to improve the wood productivity. Thus, a geostatistical grid was installed for the soil and plant data collection, it contained 120 sample points, in plantation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis of 2 years old. The soil was a Dystrophic Red Latosol (Haplic Acrustox whit slope of 0.025m m-1. Due to their excellent relationship with wood productivity, the basis diameter of the crown and the bulk density showed management specific regions of soil whit high relation to eucalyptus wood productivity.

Consumo Foliar de Eucalyptus spp. por Acromyrmex disciger (Mayr, 1887 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wagner Calixto Morais

2011-07-01

Abstract. The productive potential of forest stands is reduced by pest occurrence among other factors. In Brazil, leaf-cutting ants are the most severe eucalypt pests. Acromyrmex disciger (Mayr is prevalent in the south east Brazil. However, scarce information about its potential damage for Eucalyptus forests is available. This work deals to quantifying the eucalypt leaf-consumption by such specie of leaf-cutting ant. Fresh leaves were taken from trees of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, Eucalyptus urophylla ST Blake, and hybrid E. urophylla x E. grandis and served to different colonies of A. disciger, during 24 hours period, over eight different times. Leaf-consumption was calculated throughout fresh weights of leaves, before and after ants foraging. Each colony of A. disciger consumed 38.8 ± 3.2 g e 22.0 ± 2.3 g of eucalypt leaves, per day.

Avaliação do crescimento micelial de linhagens de shiitake, da produção em toras de eucalipto e de alterações físicas da madeira = Evaluation of mycelium growth of shiitake strains, of production in Eucalyptus logs and of physical alteration of the wood

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elias Taylor Durgante Severo

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se o crescimento micelial das linhagens de shiitake LE-95/01, LE-96/18, LE-96/13, LE-98/55, LE-98/47, LE-95/02, LE-95/06 e LE-95/07, a sua produção em toras de eucalipto e as conseqüentes alterações em características físicas da madeira em decorrência da inoculação com a linhagem LE-96/18. O crescimento micelial foi avaliado em meio de cultura SA (serragem enriquecida com farelo-ágar a 25°C. No cultivo em toras, cada linhagem foi inoculada em 40 toras de Eucalyptus grandis com 1 m de comprimento e 9 a 14 cm de diâmetro. As toras foram mantidas em estufa climatizada, com temperatura de 25°C ± 3 e umidade relativa entre 75-90%, durante 6 meses. Em seguida, foi realizado um “choque de indução”, seguido da produção de basidiomas. Verificou-se que: (1 a linhagem LE-95/01 obteve as maiores produções, mesmo tendo crescimento mais lento no teste in vitro; (2 houve crescimento lento da linhagem LE-95/06 in vitro e baixa produção de basidiomas; (3 o teor de umidade das toras inoculadas com a linhagem LE-96/18 sofreu aumento ao longo do cultivo, enquanto a massa específica sofreu diminuição.The growth rate of 8 strains of shiitake (LE-95/01, LE-96/18, LE-96/13, LE-98/55, LE-98/47, LE-95/02, LE-95/06 and LE-95/07, the production of these in Eucalyptus logs at the first flush, and consequent alterations in physical characteristics of the wood due the inoculation with the strain LED-96/18 were evaluated. The mycelium growth was inoculated in SA medium (sawdust enriched with crumb-agar, in the absence of light, at 25°C. In log cultivation, each strain was inoculated in 40 logs of Eucalyptus grandis with 1 meter length and 9 to 14 cm of diameter. The logs were maintained at 25°C ± 3 and relative humidity of 75-90%, for 6 months. Subsequently, the first flush was accomplished, and it was verified: (1 the lineageLE-95/01 obtained the largest production and slower mycelium growth in vitro; (2 there was slow growth of the

Alterações dos nutrientes no solo e nas plantas em consórcio de eucalipto e acácia negra

OpenAIRE

Vezzani, F. M.; Tedesco, M. J.; Barros, N. F.

2001-01-01

O consórcio de eucalipto e acácia negra pode trazer benefícios ecológicos e econômicos, tendo em vista a diversidade ambiental e redução dos custos com adubação nitrogenada. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de quantificar os nutrientes no solo e nas plantas e avaliar o crescimento e a produção de eucalipto em consórcio com acácia negra. Foram estudados sistemas de cultivo simples e consorciado de Eucalyptus saligna (Smith) e Acacia mearnsii (De Wild.), com 45 meses de idade, em Argissolo Vermelh...

Consortium of eucalyptus with forage sorghum in semiarid of Minas Gerais State

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Juliano Brant Albuquerque

2017-11-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT: The objective was to estimate the wood yield and essential oil content in three clones of eucalyptus that were planted in four contrasting arrangements and intercropped with sorghum. Eucalyptus clones MA2001 (Eucalyptus camaldulensis x E. tereticornis, A144 (Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, and GG100 (Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, were planted in single rows (10x2m, double rows (2x3+15m and 2x3+20m; and, triple rows (2x3x2+10m in a randomized, complete block design experiment with four replicates. Our results demonstrated that planting spacing did not influence the essential oil yield or diameter at breast height in the clones. However, higher density plantings were shown to result in higher fresh weight of branches and leaves per plant. MA2001 grew taller, produced higher quantity of fresh biomass of branches and leaves per plant and volume of wood per hectare, and yielded more essential oil yield than the other clones. We concluded that MA2001 is the most suitable of the clones tested here for cultivation in water deficit conditions.

Evaluation of the throughfall and stemflow nutrient contents in mixed and pure plantations of Acacia mangium, Pseudosamenea guachapele and Eucalyptus grandis Avaliação do conteúdo de nutrientes na água de precipitação interna e de escoamento pelo tronco em plantios de Acacia mangium, Pseudosamenea guachapele e Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiano de Carvalho Balieiro

2007-04-01

Full Text Available The interception of the rainfall by the forest canopy has great relevance to the nutrient geochemistry cycle in low fertility tropical soils under native or cultivated forests. However, little is known about the modification of the rainfall water quality and hydrological balance after interception by the canopies of eucalyptus under pure and mixed plantations with leguminous species, in Brazil. Samples of rainfall (RF, throughfall (TF and stemflow (SF were collected and analyzed in pure plantations of mangium (nitrogen fixing tree -NFT, guachapele (NFT and eucalyptus (non-nitrogen fixing tree -NNFT and in a mixed stand of guachapele and eucalyptus in Seropédica, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Nine stemflow collectors (in selected trees and nine pluviometers were randomly disposed under each stand and three pluviometers were used to measure the incident rainfall during 5.5 months. Mangium conveyed 33.4% of the total rainfall for its stem. An estimative based on corrections for the average annual precipitation (1213 mm indicated that the rainfall's contribution to the nutrient input (kg ha-1 was about 8.42; 0.95; 19.04; 6.74; 4.72 and 8.71 kg ha-1 of N-NH4+, P, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2 and Na+, respectively. Throughfall provided the largest contributions compared to the stemflow nutrient input. The largest inputs of N-NH4+ (15.03 kg ha-1 and K+ (179.43 kg ha-1 were observed under the guachapele crown. Large amounts of Na+ denote a high influence of the sea. Mangium was the most adapted species to water competitiveness. Comparatively to pure stand of eucalyptus, the mixed plantation intensifies the N, Ca and Mg leaching by the canopy, while the inputs of K and P were lower under these plantations.A interceptação da chuva pela copa das florestas tem grande relevância no ciclo biogeoquímico de nutrientes nos solos de baixa fertilidade sob florestas nativas e plantadas. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre as modificações na qualidade dessa água e no balan

Genome-wide analysis of EgEVE_1, a transcriptionally active endogenous viral element associated to small RNAs in Eucalyptus genomes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helena Sanches Marcon

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract Endogenous viral elements (EVEs are the result of heritable horizontal gene transfer from viruses to hosts. In the last years, several EVE integration events were reported in plants by the exponential availability of sequenced genomes. Eucalyptus grandis is a forest tree species with a sequenced genome that is poorly studied in terms of evolution and mobile genetic elements composition. Here we report the characterization of E. grandis endogenous viral element 1 (EgEVE_1, a transcriptionally active EVE with a size of 5,664 bp. Phylogenetic analysis and genomic distribution demonstrated that EgEVE_1 is a newly described member of the Caulimoviridae family, distinct from the recently characterized plant Florendoviruses. Genomic distribution of EgEVE_1 and Florendovirus is also distinct. EgEVE_1 qPCR quantification in Eucalyptus urophylla suggests that this genome has more EgEVE_1 copies than E. grandis. EgEVE_1 transcriptional activity was demonstrated by RT-qPCR in five Eucalyptus species and one intrageneric hybrid. We also identified that Eucalyptus EVEs can generate small RNAs (sRNAs,that might be involved in de novo DNA methylation and virus resistance. Our data suggest that EVE families in Eucalyptus have distinct properties, and we provide the first comparative analysis of EVEs in Eucalyptus genomes.

Volume loss as a tool to assess kiln drying of eucalyptus wood

OpenAIRE

Batista,Djeison Cesar; Klitzke,Ricardo Jorge; Rocha,Márcio Pereira da; Muñiz,Graciela Inez Bolzon de; Batista,Tharcia Ribeiro

2013-01-01

In this study, we aimed to analyze the kiln drying quality of Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus dunnii woods with respect to volume loss. Wood from the three species was kiln dried together with the same drying schedule and conditions in a conventional-temperature pilot kiln. Three kinds of volume loss were evaluated: total - from saturated (initial) to machined (final) condition; shrinkage - from saturated to 10% moisture content; and machining - from 10% moisture content...

Effet de l'hybridation interspecifique sur la teneur et la composition chimique des huiles essentielles d'eucalyptus cultivés au Maroc

OpenAIRE

Farah A.; Fechtal M.; Chaouch A.

2002-01-01

Interspecific hybridization effect on the content and the chemical composition of essential oils of eucalyptus grown in Morocco. In this work, the quality and quantity of the leave essential oils of five Eucalyptus hybrids were determined. The crosses of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. maideni, Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus cladocalyx and Eucalyptus diversicolor with Eucalyptus camaldulensis have been studied. The average yield of parental species samples varies a...

Impacto do manejo dos resíduos da colheita, do preparo do solo e da adubação na produtividade de eucalipto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Frederico Alfenas Silva Valente Paes

2013-08-01

Full Text Available Tem sido cada vez maior a preocupação das empresas do setor florestal em adotar práticas pautadas na conservação do solo e da água. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o impacto do manejo dos resíduos da colheita, do preparo do solo e do uso de resíduos industriais, na fertilidade do solo e produtividade de eucalipto. O experimento foi iniciado após o corte raso de um plantio comercial de EUCALYPTUS GRANDIS, onde os resíduos da colheita foram manejados (retirada de todo o resíduo; remoção da casca e dos galhos com diâmetro superior a 3,0 cm; e manutenção de todos os resíduos na superfície do solo. Em seguida, realizaram-se o preparo do solo (com subsolador de uma e três hastes, a aplicação dos resíduos industriais (resíduo de celulose e cinzas na superfície do solo e o plantio de mudas de EUCALYPTUS GRANDIS X E. UROPHYLLA Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, contendo oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação dos diferentes tipos de manejo dos resíduos da colheita, preparo do solo e aplicação dos resíduos industriais. Cada parcela experimental foi composta por cinco linhas com 19 plantas cada. Aos 83 meses após o plantio, foram medidos o DAP (diâmetro à altura do peito e a altura das árvores, para cálculo do volume de madeira. A fertilização e a manutenção dos resíduos da colheita florestal elevaram os teores de Ca2+ e Mg2+ trocáveis no solo. A manutenção total dos resíduos vegetais na área após a colheita resultou em aumento de 71,7 m³ ha-1 de madeira, quando comparado à remoção de todos os resíduos. Não houve diferença entre os modos de preparo do solo com subsolador de uma e três hastes, quanto ao volume de madeira. Os maiores volumes de madeira foram obtidos dos tratamentos que receberam as maiores quantidades de resíduo de celulose e cinzas, ao mesmo tempo em que foi mantida parte do resíduo vegetal após a colheita

Preferência de saúva limão, Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera, formicidae a diferentes espécies florestais, em condições de laboratório.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Otávio Peres Filho

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se a preferência de saúva limão, Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908, para 41 espécies florestais nativas e exóticas, em condições de laboratório. As espécies mais transportadas foram gmelina (Gmelina arborea, leucena (Leucaena leucocephala, pau-ferro (Caesalpinia ferrea, albizia (Albizia lebbeck e orelha-de-negro (Enterolobium contortisiliquum e as menos transportadas foram eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis, jequitibá (Cariniana strellensis e mutamba (Guazuma tomentosa.

PREFERÊNCIA DE SAÚVA LIMÃO, Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE A DIFERENTES ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS, EM CONDIÇÕES DE LABORATÓRIO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Otávio Peres Filho

2002-08-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se a preferência de saúva limão, Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908, para 41 espécies florestais nativas e exóticas, em condições de laboratório. As espécies mais transportadas foram gmelina (Gmelina arborea, leucena (Leucaena leucocephala, pau-ferro (Caesalpinia ferrea, albizia (Albizia lebbeck e orelha-de-negro (Enterolobium contortisiliquum e as menos transportadas foram eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis, jequitibá (Cariniana strellensis e mutamba (Guazuma tomentosa .

SITE INDEX CURVES AND HYPSOMETRIC RELATIONSHIP FOR Eucalyptus grandis PLANTATIONS FOR THE CAMPOS GERAIS REGION, PARANA STATE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiane Aparecida de Souza Retslaff

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The study aimed to fit mathematical models for the construction of Site Index curves and to estimate heights at different ages for Eucalyptus grandis in the Campos Gerais region, Parana State. The data used to fit the models came from permanent, temporary plots and pre-harvesting inventory, covering ages from 2.5 to 26.5 years. Several models were tested to represent the sites and the hypsometric relationship. The Site Index curves were constructed by the guide-curve method. For the Site Index, the Chapman-Richards model showed the best fit and precision statistics, generating 5 Site Index curves (range of 5 m with the Chapman-Richards model. The four hypsometric models tested showed satisfactory performance and similar statistics and the inclusion of the variables dominant height or site index did not substantially improve the goodness of fit statistics, but the residues were more homogeneous and closer to zero.

Temperature effects on wood anatomy, wood density, photosynthesis and biomass partitioning of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomas, D S; Montagu, K D; Conroy, J P

2007-02-01

Wood density, a gross measure of wood mass relative to wood volume, is important in our understanding of stem volume growth, carbon sequestration and leaf water supply. Disproportionate changes in the ratio of wood mass to volume may occur at the level of the whole stem or the individual cell. In general, there is a positive relationship between temperature and wood density of eucalypts, although this relationship has broken down in recent years with wood density decreasing as global temperatures have risen. To determine the anatomical causes of the effects of temperature on wood density, Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden seedlings were grown in controlled-environment cabinets at constant temperatures from 10 to 35 degrees C. The 20% increase in wood density of E. grandis seedlings grown at the higher temperatures was variously related to a 40% reduction in lumen area of xylem vessels, a 10% reduction in the lumen area of fiber cells and a 10% increase in fiber cell wall thickness. The changes in cell wall characteristics could be considered analogous to changes in carbon supply. Lumen area of fiber cells declined because of reduced fiber cell expansion and increased fiber cell wall thickening. Fiber cell wall thickness was positively related to canopy CO2 assimilation rate (Ac), which increased 26-fold because of a 24-fold increase in leaf area and a doubling in leaf CO2 assimilation rate from minima at 10 and 35 degrees C to maxima at 25 and 30 degrees C. Increased Ac increased seedling volume, biomass and wood density; but increased wood density was also related to a shift in partitioning of seedling biomass from roots to stems as temperature increased.

Acacia Changes Microbial Indicators and Increases C and N in Soil Organic Fractions in Intercropped Eucalyptus Plantations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arthur P. A. Pereira

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Intercropping forest plantations of Eucalyptus with nitrogen-fixing trees can increase soil N inputs and stimulate soil organic matter (OM cycling. However, microbial indicators and their correlation in specific fractions of soil OM are unclear in the tropical sandy soils. Here, we examined the microbial indicators associated with C and N in the soil resulting from pure and intercropped Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium plantations. We hypothesized that introduction of A. mangium in a Eucalyptus plantation promotes changes in microbial indicators and increases C and N concentrations on labile fractions of the soil OM, when compared to pure eucalyptus plantations. We determined the microbial and enzymatic activity, and the potential for C degradation by the soil microbial community. Additionally, we evaluated soil OM fractions and litter parameters. Soil (0–20 cm and litter samples were collected at 27 and 39 months after planting from the following treatments: pure E. grandis (E and A. mangium (A plantations, pure E. grandis plantations with N fertilizer (E+N and an E. grandis, and A. mangium intercropped plantations (E+A. The results showed that intercropped plantations (E+A increase 3, 45, and 70% microbial biomass C as compared to A, E+N, and E, at 27 months after planting. The metabolic quotient (qCO2 showed a tendency toward stressful values in pure E. grandis plantations and a strong correlation with dehydrogenase activity. A and E+A treatments also exhibited the highest organic fractions (OF and C and N contents. A canonical redundancy analysis revealed positive correlations between microbial indicators of soil and litter attributes, and a strong effect of C and N variables in differentiating A and E+A from E and E+N treatments. The results suggested that a significant role of A. mangium enhance the dynamics of soil microbial indicators which help in the accumulation of C and N in soil OF in intercropped E. grandis plantations. Our

Acacia Changes Microbial Indicators and Increases C and N in Soil Organic Fractions in Intercropped Eucalyptus Plantations

Science.gov (United States)

Pereira, Arthur P. A.; Zagatto, Maurício R. G.; Brandani, Carolina B.; Mescolotti, Denise de Lourdes; Cotta, Simone R.; Gonçalves, José L. M.; Cardoso, Elke J. B. N.

2018-01-01

Intercropping forest plantations of Eucalyptus with nitrogen-fixing trees can increase soil N inputs and stimulate soil organic matter (OM) cycling. However, microbial indicators and their correlation in specific fractions of soil OM are unclear in the tropical sandy soils. Here, we examined the microbial indicators associated with C and N in the soil resulting from pure and intercropped Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium plantations. We hypothesized that introduction of A. mangium in a Eucalyptus plantation promotes changes in microbial indicators and increases C and N concentrations on labile fractions of the soil OM, when compared to pure eucalyptus plantations. We determined the microbial and enzymatic activity, and the potential for C degradation by the soil microbial community. Additionally, we evaluated soil OM fractions and litter parameters. Soil (0–20 cm) and litter samples were collected at 27 and 39 months after planting from the following treatments: pure E. grandis (E) and A. mangium (A) plantations, pure E. grandis plantations with N fertilizer (E+N) and an E. grandis, and A. mangium intercropped plantations (E+A). The results showed that intercropped plantations (E+A) increase 3, 45, and 70% microbial biomass C as compared to A, E+N, and E, at 27 months after planting. The metabolic quotient (qCO2) showed a tendency toward stressful values in pure E. grandis plantations and a strong correlation with dehydrogenase activity. A and E+A treatments also exhibited the highest organic fractions (OF) and C and N contents. A canonical redundancy analysis revealed positive correlations between microbial indicators of soil and litter attributes, and a strong effect of C and N variables in differentiating A and E+A from E and E+N treatments. The results suggested that a significant role of A. mangium enhance the dynamics of soil microbial indicators which help in the accumulation of C and N in soil OF in intercropped E. grandis plantations. Our results are

Acacia Changes Microbial Indicators and Increases C and N in Soil Organic Fractions in Intercropped Eucalyptus Plantations.

Science.gov (United States)

Pereira, Arthur P A; Zagatto, Maurício R G; Brandani, Carolina B; Mescolotti, Denise de Lourdes; Cotta, Simone R; Gonçalves, José L M; Cardoso, Elke J B N

2018-01-01

Intercropping forest plantations of Eucalyptus with nitrogen-fixing trees can increase soil N inputs and stimulate soil organic matter (OM) cycling. However, microbial indicators and their correlation in specific fractions of soil OM are unclear in the tropical sandy soils. Here, we examined the microbial indicators associated with C and N in the soil resulting from pure and intercropped Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium plantations. We hypothesized that introduction of A. mangium in a Eucalyptus plantation promotes changes in microbial indicators and increases C and N concentrations on labile fractions of the soil OM, when compared to pure eucalyptus plantations. We determined the microbial and enzymatic activity, and the potential for C degradation by the soil microbial community. Additionally, we evaluated soil OM fractions and litter parameters. Soil (0-20 cm) and litter samples were collected at 27 and 39 months after planting from the following treatments: pure E. grandis (E) and A. mangium (A) plantations, pure E. grandis plantations with N fertilizer (E+N) and an E. grandis , and A. mangium intercropped plantations (E+A). The results showed that intercropped plantations (E+A) increase 3, 45, and 70% microbial biomass C as compared to A, E+N, and E, at 27 months after planting. The metabolic quotient ( q CO 2 ) showed a tendency toward stressful values in pure E. grandis plantations and a strong correlation with dehydrogenase activity. A and E+A treatments also exhibited the highest organic fractions (OF) and C and N contents. A canonical redundancy analysis revealed positive correlations between microbial indicators of soil and litter attributes, and a strong effect of C and N variables in differentiating A and E+A from E and E+N treatments. The results suggested that a significant role of A. mangium enhance the dynamics of soil microbial indicators which help in the accumulation of C and N in soil OF in intercropped E. grandis plantations. Our results

Comparison between abiotic parameters and the forest structure of a forest fragment and an eucalyptus (Eucalyptus saligna Smith abandoned reforestation in the ecological park of Klabin, Telemaco Borba/PR Comparação entre parâmetros abióticos e a estrutura florestal de um fragmento de floresta e um reflorestamento abandonado de eucalipto (Eucalyptus saligna Smith no parque ecológico da Klabin, Telêmaco Borba/PR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Antonio Pimenta

2010-10-01

Full Text Available The forest structure causes a direct impact on the microclimate, being important for the continuity of the successional processes as well as for the restoration of ecosystem processes. Studies on forest structure are important to help determine ecological restoration actions, improving its implementation. In order to compare two forest formations, being one of them a secondary forest fragment and the other one an abandoned area of eucalyptus reforestation, some abiotic parameters were evaluated in this study, as well as the forest structure of the areas. Amongst the abiotic factors studied, there are: temperature and relative air humidity, soil compaction, moisture and soil pH and thickness of the litter. In order to analyze the forest structure, the following items were evaluated: herbaceous cover on the soil, rate of canopy cover, the diameter at breast height (DBH, basal area (BA and height of trees of all species. Among the parameters analyzed, comparing the areas, it was observed that: soil compaction was higher in the secondary forest (0.57 MPa than in the eucalyptus reforestation (0.43 MPa; the presence of herbaceous plants on the soil occurred less in the eucalyptus reforestation (17.96% than in the secondary forest (59.4%; the canopy cover index was of 45.99% for the eucalyptus reforestation, while in the secondary forest it was of 61.02%, being therefore higher for the latter. Nevertheless, according to Kolmogorov Smirnov test, the forest structure is not different between the areas, since the DBH and height values were not different between what was calculated and what was observed. A estrutura florestal tem impacto direto sobre o microclima, e é importante para a continuidade dos processos sucessionais e para o restabelecimento dos processos do ecossistema. Estudos acerca da estrutura florestal são importantes para auxiliar as ações de restauração ecológica, melhorando a sua aplicação. Visando comparar duas forma

Durabilidade natural de painéis aglomerados confeccionados com Eucalyptus grandis e Bambusa vulgaris em ensaio de apodrecimento acelerado Natural durability of Eucalyptus grandis and Bambusa vulgaris particleboards under accelerated fungi decay test

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Martins Stangerlin

2011-08-01

Full Text Available O conhecimento acerca da resistência dos compostos ligno-celulósicos ao ataque de microrganismos é primordial para servir de base à prevenção da deterioração e a correta destinação de emprego do material. Nesse sentido, avaliou-se a resistência natural a fungos apodrecedores de painéis aglomerados confeccionados com partículas de madeira (Eucalyptus grandis e/ou bambu (Bambusa vulgaris. Foram produzidas, em laboratório, chapas aglomeradas nas dimensões 50x50x0,95cm e massa específica pré-estabelecida em 0,70g cm-3, nas proporções de 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100 de madeira e bambu, respectivamente. A massa de partículas representou 91% da massa seca de cada painel, sendo, o restante, formado pelo adesivo ureia-formaldeído (8% e parafina (1%. Para determinação da resistência natural ao ataque de fungos xilófagos, os painéis foram testados em laboratório e utilizados os fungos Gloeophyllum trabeum (podridão parda e Trametes versicolor (podridão branca, de acordo com a ASTM D 2017 (2005. Quanto aos resultados, foi observado que os painéis confeccionados com mistura de partículas de madeira e bambu apresentaram menor resistência ao ataque dos fungos apodrecedores. Painéis que utilizaram apenas bambu ou madeira apresentaram resistência biológica semelhante. Dentre os fungos, T. versicolor atacou mais severamente os painéis.The knowledge about lignocellulosic compounds strength to the attack of microorganisms is essential for preventing deterioration and also for knowing the correct usage of the material. Accordingly it was evaluated the natural resistance of wood panels made of particles of wood (Eucalyptus grandis and/or bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris to decay fungi. Particleboards were produced in laboratory, each of them with dimensions 50x50x0.95cm and density pre-set at 0.70g cm-3, in proportions of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 of wood and bamboo, respectively. The particles mass represented 91% of the

Effect of surfactant concentration on the spreading properties of pesticide droplets on Eucalyptus leaves

Science.gov (United States)

The area wetted by 500-µm diameter droplets of pesticide and deionised water placed at different positions on Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis (E.u × E.g) and Eucalyptus tereticornis (E.t) leaves was determined at an air temperature of 30 °C and a relative humidity of 60%. Dimethyl dichlorovinyl ph...

RAPD analysis of genetic variability in a multiprovenance base population of Eucalyptus grandis hill ex maiden Variabilidade genética através da técnica RAPD de uma população-base multiprocedências de Eucalyptus grandis hill ex maiden

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Susi Meire Maximino Leite

2008-12-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability among individuals of a base population of Eucalyptus grandis and to build a molecular marker database for the analyzed populations. The Eucalyptus grandis base population comprised 327 individuals from Coff's Harbour, Atherton and Rio Claro. A few plants came from other sites (Belthorpe MT. Pandanus, Kenilworth, Yabbra, etc.. Since this base population had a heterogeneous composition, the groups were divided according to geographic localization (latitude and longitude, and genetic breeding level. Thus, the influence of those two factors (geographic localization and genetic breeding level on the genetic variability detected was discussed. The RAPD technique allowed the evaluation of 70 loci. The binary matrix was used to estimate the genetic similarity among individuals using Jaccard's Coefficient. Parametric statistical tests were used to compare within-group similarity of the means. The obtained results showed that the base population had wide genetic variability and a mean genetic similarity of 0.328. Sub-group 3 (wild materials from the Atherton region showed mean genetic similarity of 0.318. S.P.A. (from Coff's Harbour region had a mean genetic similarity of 0.322 and was found to be very important for maintenance of variation in the base population. This can be explained since the individuals from those groups accounted for most of the base population (48.3% for it. The base population plants with genetic similarity higher than 0.60 should be phenotypically analyzed again in order to clarify the tendency of genetic variability during breeding programs.Este estudo visou avaliar a variabilidade e distância genética dentro de uma população-base de melhoramento genético de Eucalyptus grandis. A avaliação da variabilidade genética tem como objetivos principais analisar a base genética da população-base e montar um banco de dados marcadores moleculares da população em an

Laser light interaction for texture evaluation of native woods and Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva, M.R.; Mori, F.A.; Rabelo, G.F.; Braga Junior, R.A.

2005-01-01

This work had the objective of study in patterns of the ''speckle'' as function of the wood texture of Bowdichia virgilioides check for this species in other resources (sucupira), Swietenia macrophylla check for this species in other resources (mogno), Balfourodendron riedelianum check for this species in other resources (paumarfim) and Eucalyptus grandis wood. The He-Ne laser 10 mW was used to illuminate the wood samples and a digital camera captured the result of the interaction of the wood with the laser light. The results obtained from image analysis were compared with the pattern obtained by microscopic methodology. The captured images show the intensities of each pixel, varying between 0 and 255 in the gray scale. From the images, a central area of 16x16 pixels was removed and analyzed by the application of the convolution function and its Fourier Transform, resulting in the power density spectrum. The results showed that the information obtained by the power density spectrum of the ''speckle'' space variation allow classing samples of woods with different texture [pt

Fator de cubicação para toretes de Eucalyptus grandis e sua variação com o tempo de exposição ao ambiente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos Vinicios Barros

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Sometimes the express wood volume in stere needs to be converted into cubic meter. This is possible estimating a cubication factor (Fc. With the objective of determining the Fc for Eucalyptus grandis and its variation in wood pieces of different lengths of 1 and 2,3m due to time of exposure to the environment, in the summer and in the winter, six stacks of woodpiles were made in the dimensions 3x2x1m and six piles in the dimensions 3x2x2, 3m, installed in the summer and in the winter. Medium Fcc´s obtained by the reason of volumes presented smaller variation in comparison to the ones obtained by angular counting. The statistical analysis indicated difference (α < 5% in the variables of the main effect, that is: in the climatic station (F = 18.72, in the time of exhibition (F = 6.51 and in the length of the stacks (F = 35.18. The analysis of the correlation indicated that Fc was also influenced by the top cracks, by the humidity of the wood and by the atmospheric variability. The average values of Fcc´s indicated a stabilization after ninety days of the installation of the piles. The stacks of Eucalyptus grandis presented dimensional variation when exposed to the atmosphere, making the Fc to vary in the time of exhibition at environment.

Using chlorophyll fluorescence to determine stress in Eucalyptus ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Using chlorophyll fluorescence to determine stress in Eucalyptus grandis seedlings: scientific paper. ... Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science ... factors affect the functioning of the photosynthetic system, the status of the photosynthetic apparatus is a good indicator of the plant in terms of stress and stress adaptation.

Genetic and environmental factors affecting rooting in Eucalyptus Grandis X Eucalyptus Longistrata hybrid cuttings

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Naidoo, N

2012-03-01

Full Text Available An investigation was undertaken to study the rooting ability of E. grandis x E. longirostrata hybrid cuttings. The plant material was sourced from five families in seedling derived hedges at two nurseries, as well as five families coppiced from...

INFLUÊNCIA DA TERMORRETIFICAÇÃO NA RESISTÊNCIA A DEGRADAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DAS MADEIRAS DE Pinus taeda E Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karina Soares Modes

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This study investigated the effect of two thermal treatment technique on the biological properties of the wood of Pinus taeda L. and Eucalyptus grandis and W. Hill ex Maiden, comparing them with results obtained for the untreated wood. Of each species were sampled three trees at age 25, from where it drew a central plank height DBH for making test specimens were subjected to thermal treatments for later be transformed into pieces of 2.5 x 2.5 x 0.9 cm. In the first treatment the wood were subjected to thermal treatment by autoclaving at 130 ºC/ ± 3 ° C and pressure of 2 kgf /cm² for 3 hours and, after a conditioning period, subjected to heat in an electric oven at 160 °C/ ± 1 °C for the same period. The second treatment consisted of only heat treatment by kiln. Resistance to biological attack was evaluated by accelerated decay test in the laboratory, using a white-rot fungus, Trametes versicolor (Linnaeus ex Fries Pilat and other brown rot Gloeophyllum trabeum (Persoon. ex Fries Murr. The combined treatment of the autoclave with electric oven favored the decay of both species of wood fungi employees, except for Pinus taeda submitted to the fungus Trametes versicolor , while treatment in an oven provided increase biological resistance of Pinus taeda wood fungus Trametes versicolor and of Eucalyptus grandis fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum . In general it is concluded that treatment in an oven resulted in more resistant to biological degradation and lower weight loss compared with the combined treatment of the autoclave with electric oven while the latter when applied to both species resulted in an increase in the propensity of biological degradation.

DENSIDADE BÁSICA E RETRATIBILIDADE DA MADEIRA DE CLONES DE TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE Eucalyptus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Djeison Cesar Batista

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Among the planted forests that supply the national wood industry, the genus Eucalyptus has become the most important, due to its fast growth, ease of large scale planting and variability of wood use. The generation of new hybrids and clones is a reality in the national practice of silviculture, and there is great interest currently in finding genetic improvements, mainly for higher volumetric gains and resistance in rough conditions of planting, such as pest attacks, periods of drought, low soil fertility, etc. The basic density is one of the most important physical properties of wood because it relates directly to other properties, including the anisotropic shrinkage. Such properties indicate the rational use of a species in a certain wood product. The aim of this work was to determine the basic density and the anisotropic shrinkage of five wood clones for each one of the following species: Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus dunnii. Clone 5 of Eucalyptus saligna presented the highest basic density (0.56 g/cm³ and was the most dimensionally instable. Of all the species, there was only a direct relation among basic density, maximum volumetric shrinkage and maximum volumetric shrinkage coefficient in this clone. Considering maximum volumetric shrinkage as the criterion, clone 3 was the most dimensionally stable. Clones 2 and 3 of Eucalyptus grandis presented the least and the highest basic density, respectively, with 0.40 and 0.49 g/cm³. It was not possible to distinguish among clones 1, 3 and 4 in terms of dimensional stability, and considering maximum volumetric shrinkage coefficient as the criterion, clone 5 was the most dimensionally instable. For Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus dunnii it was not possible to distinguish which clone presented the least basic density. Clone 3 of Eucalyptus dunnii presented the highest basic density (0.65 g/cm³ and considering maximum volumetric shrinkage coefficient as the criterion, it

Energia de briquetes produzidos com rejeitos de resíduos sólidos urbanos e madeira de Eucalyptus grandis Energy from briquettes produced from remains of urban solid residues and wood of Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José E. Gonçalves

2009-10-01

Full Text Available O incentivo ao consumo e à produção em grande quantidade na sociedade atual gera, exageros de resíduos sólidos urbanos que, em alguns casos, podem ser utilizados para a geração de energia. Neste sentido e visando reduzir os resíduos dos aterros municipais e gerar energia, buscou-se produzir briquetes com mistura de rejeitos de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RRSU e resíduos de madeira de Eucalyptus grandis. Os briquetes foram fabricados com 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25% de RRSU na mistura com resíduos madeireiros contendo 12% de umidade. Os parâmetros analisados para a escolha da melhor mistura, foram: análise de combustibilidade x cinzas, resistência e energia utilizável. Os briquetes com até 10% de RRSU se mostraram com baixa resistência e os acima de 15% apresentaram grande aumento no teor de cinzas; portanto, os que melhor atenderam aos requisitos combustibilidade x cinzas e resistência mecânica, foram aqueles com 15% de RRSU, pois não se conhece a procedência das cinzas. Considerando-se a energia utilizável, o briquete com 25% de RRSU é o que apresenta maior poder calorífico útil na ordem de 17.175 kJ kg-1 motivo pelo qual se indica a produção de briquetes com adição RRSU; ressalta-se, porém, a necessidade de estudos sobre a emissão de gases.The incentive for consumption and production in large quantity in modern society generates enormous amounts of urban solid residues in the form of municipal solid waste (MSW. With the intention of reducing these residues of the municipal waste tips and to generate energy, briquettes with mixtures of MSW and residues of Eucalyptus grandis were produced. The briquettes were manufactured with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of MSW in the mixture with wood waste and 12% of moisture content. The analyzed parameters used to choose the best treatments were combustion analysis versus ash content, mechanical strength and energy content. The briquettes up to 10% of MSW showed low resistance, and above

PARTICLEBOARDS PRODUCED WITH Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden POLYSTYRENE AND POLYETHYLENE THEREPHTHALATE PARTICLES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antônio da Silva Maciel

2004-06-01

Full Text Available This research investigated the properties of wood particleboards, containing particles of polystyrene (PS and polyethylene therephthalate (PET. Particleboards were produced with 0%, 25% or 50% of polystyrene and 100%, 75% or 50% of Eucalyptus grandis particles. Additional boards were produced with two amounts of PET/PS (5/20% or 10/40% and 75% or 50% wood particles. As binding agents three amounts (0%, 4% or 6% of urea-formaldehyde or phenol-formaldehyde adhesive and three amounts of polystyrene in toluene solution (0%, 4% or 6% were used. One-layer boards, measuring approximately 400,0 x 400,0 x 10,0 mm with density approximately equal to 0,60 g/cm3, were produced. Internal bond, modulus of rupture and elasticity, screw withdrawal, as well water absorption and thickness swelling, after 24 hours of immersion were determined. All mechanical boards’ properties were superior to the established by ANSI/A 208.1-1993 standards. All wood/plastic particleboards absorbed more water then those observed in commercial boards. However the observed thickness swelling was quite similar to the values of commercial wood particleboards. Boards in which the solution of polystyrene was applied were, in general, presented the best values for all properties.

Vergamento da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis plasticizada por vaporização e cozimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Matheus Lemos Peres

Full Text Available O vergamento de madeira foi utilizado ao longo dos séculos para a produção de objetos grandes, como estruturas de embarcações ou pequenos utensílios. Mesmo com constantes estudos de vergamento, há carência de melhorias de processo e inclusão de madeiras de baixo valor comercial. Assim, o presente trabalho analisou a madeira vergada de Eucalyptus grandis tratada por diferentes tempos de exposição à vaporização e ao cozimento. Foram analisados o número de tipos de defeitos por peça vergada (Nºdef, a variação no teor de umidade perante os tratamentos (∆Tu, a pressão de extremidade (Pe e a perda de forma circular (Pf. Verificou-se que as variáveis diferem significativamente entre os tipos de tratamento de vaporização e cozimento, exceto para o Nºdef. Os tempos de tratamento não apresentaram efeito significativo. Concluiu-se que a espécie é aceitável para vergamentos em raios inferiores ao utilizado no presente estudo. Adicionalmente, a vaporização mostrou ser o melhor tratamento, por apresentar melhores parâmetros de qualificação.

Influencia del cambio climático en los escenarios del futuro sobre plantaciones de Eucalipto

OpenAIRE

Rody,Yhasmin Paiva; Cecílio,Roberto Avelino; Pezzopane,José Eduardo Macedo; Ribeiro,Aristides; Almeida,André Quintão de

2012-01-01

El género Eucalyptus presenta gran potencial con fines comerciales y es la especie de árbol más plantada en Brasil. Las perspectivas del cambio climático en las proyecciones futuras del IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) indican que se pueden producir pérdidas significativas en las actividades agrícolas y forestales. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las zonas aptas para plantaciones de Eucalyptus grandis, sobre la base de datos climatológicos y de relieve en los escena...

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE BACTERIAS DIAZOTRÓFICAS ASIMBIÓTICAS ASOCIADAS AL EUCALIPTO (Eucalyptus sp. EN CODAZZI, CESAR.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dolly Melissa Obando Castellanos

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el efecto de las épocas climáticas (lluvia y sequía y del estrato de la muestra (Suelo rizosférico, raíces y hojas sobre la población de los géneros Azotobacter, Beijerinckia, Derxia, Azospirillum, Herbaspirillum, Gluconacetobacter y Burkholderia en el Eucalipto (Eucalyptus sp.. Así mismo, se evalúo su capacidad en la producción de compuestos indólicos como promotores del crecimiento vegetal y su actividad de reducción de acetileno como indicador de la fijación biológica de nitrógeno. Los resultados no registraron diferencias estadísticas significativas en el test de Tukey (P ≤ 0.05 en la población con respecto a la época climática. Con respecto al estrato de muestra, los aislamientos tentativos a Herbaspirillum sp. y Azospirillum sp. presentaron diferencias significativas en suelo rizosférico y raíces. Se obtuvieron 44 aislamientos de los cuales se agruparon por caracterización fenotípica como: 14 presuntivos del género Beijerinckia sp., 12 de Azotobacter sp., 8 de Derxia sp., 4 de Herbarpirillum sp., 5 de Azospirillum sp., 1 de Gluconacetobacter sp. y 1 de Burkholderia sp. Por su alto potencial fueron seleccionados y criopreservados los aislamientos C27, C26, C25 y C45, las cuales presentaron los mejores valores de eficiencia in vitro, superando valores de producción de las cepas de referencia utilizadas (A. chroococcum (AC-01 y A. brasilense (SP7.

Genetic dissection of growth, wood basic density and gene expression in interspecific backcrosses of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-01

Background F1 hybrid clones of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla are widely grown for pulp and paper production in tropical and subtropical regions. Volume growth and wood quality are priority objectives in Eucalyptus tree improvement. The molecular basis of quantitative variation and trait expression in eucalypt hybrids, however, remains largely unknown. The recent availability of a draft genome sequence (http://www.phytozome.net) and genome-wide genotyping platforms, combined with high levels of genetic variation and high linkage disequilibrium in hybrid crosses, greatly facilitate the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) as well as underlying candidate genes for growth and wood property traits. In this study, we used Diversity Arrays Technology markers to assess the genetic architecture of volume growth (diameter at breast height, DBH) and wood basic density in four-year-old progeny of an interspecific backcross pedigree of E. grandis and E. urophylla. In addition, we used Illumina RNA-Seq expression profiling in the E. urophylla backcross family to identify cis- and trans-acting polymorphisms (eQTLs) affecting transcript abundance of genes underlying QTLs for wood basic density. Results A total of five QTLs for DBH and 12 for wood basic density were identified in the two backcross families. Individual QTLs for DBH and wood basic density explained 3.1 to 12.2% of phenotypic variation. Candidate genes underlying QTLs for wood basic density on linkage groups 8 and 9 were found to share trans-acting eQTLs located on linkage groups 4 and 10, which in turn coincided with QTLs for wood basic density suggesting that these QTLs represent segregating components of an underlying transcriptional network. Conclusion This is the first demonstration of the use of next-generation expression profiling to quantify transcript abundance in a segregating tree population and identify candidate genes potentially affecting wood property variation. The QTLs identified in this

Microbial biomass and activity in litter during the initial development of pure and mixed plantations of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium Biomassa e atividade microbiana da serapilheira durante o desenvolvimento inicial de plantios puros e mistos de Eucalyptus grandis e Acacia mangium

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Bini

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Studies on microbial activity and biomass in forestry plantations often overlook the role of litter, typically focusing instead on soil nutrient contents to explain plant and microorganism development. However, since the litter is a significant source of recycled nutrients that affect nutrient dynamics in the soil, litter composition may be more strongly correlated with forest growth and development than soil nutrient contents. This study aimed to test this hypothesis by examining correlations between soil C, N, and P; litter C, N, P, lignin content, and polyphenol content; and microbial biomass and activity in pure and mixed second-rotation plantations of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium before and after senescent leaf drop. The numbers of cultivable fungi and bacteria were also estimated. All properties were correlated with litter C, N, P, lignin and polyphenols, and with soil C and N. We found higher microbial activity (CO2 evolution in litter than in soil. In the E. grandis monoculture before senescent leaf drop, microbial biomass C was 46 % higher in litter than in soil. After leaf drop, this difference decreased to 16 %. In A. mangium plantations, however, microbial biomass C was lower in litter than in soil both before and after leaf drop. Microbial biomass N of litter was approximately 94 % greater than that of the soil in summer and winter in all plantations. The number of cultivable fungi and bacteria increased after leaf drop, especially so in the litter. Fungi were also more abundant in the E. grandis litter. In general, the A. mangium monoculture was associated with higher levels of litter lignin and N, especially after leaf drop. In contrast, the polyphenol and C levels in E. grandis monoculture litter were higher after leaf drop. These properties were negatively correlated with total soil C and N. Litter in the mixed stands had lower C:N and C:P ratios and higher N, P, and C levels in the microbial biomass. This suggests more

Pontoscolex corethrurus (Annelida: Oligochaeta indicador de la calidad del suelo en sitios de Eucalyptus grandis (Myrtacea con manejo tumba y quema Pontoscolex corethrurus (Annelidae: Oligochaeta soil quality indicator in Eucalyptus grandis (Myrtacea sites with slash and burn management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sheila Uribe

2012-12-01

Full Text Available La presencia de oligoquetos en los ecosistemas puede indicar fertilidad del suelo, ya que estos organismos transportan, mezclan y entierran los residuos vegetales de la superficie al interior del suelo. Se caracterizó la comunidad de oligoquetos bajo sitios con diferentes periodos de establecimiento y manejo de plantaciones de Eucalyptus grandis, sin vegetación (SV, con cinco años en producción (Euc y vegetación secundaria con 15 años (Acah que han pasado por el proceso de tumba y quema en suelos de Acrisol en Huimanguillo, Tabasco; y se analizaron las propiedades físico-químicas del suelo (D.A., humedad, textura, pH, Ntot, MO, P, K, CIC. La recolecta de lombrices se realizó al finalizar las lluvias (agosto-octubre 2007. Se muestreó en tres parcelas con seis réplicas en cada una. Se encontró que los suelos tenían pH de 3.0-4.5 en los primeros 30cm de profundidad. Los contenidos de materia orgánica (MO y nitrógeno total (Ntot fueron significativamente menores en los sitios SV (6-8% y 0.19-0.22% respectivamente que en Euc y Acah (MO=9-11%; el Ntot=0.27-0.33%. La especie Pontoscolex corethrurus domino en toda el área, presentando mayores densidades y biomasas en Euc (164.4ind/m² y 36.8g/m² respectivamente y Acah (138.7ind/m² y 19.1g/m² respectivamente, mientras que en SV sus poblaciones fueron reducidas en un 80%. Se encontró que el sistema Acah sigue presentando rasgos de un sistema perturbado, al no recuperar fácilmente la diversidad de oligoquetos y las concentraciones de nutrientes disponibles en el sueloSoil burning has been used in agricultural and forestry systems as a fundamental technique to clean the land and add some nutrients to the soil. In addition, earthworms are known to promote various soil functions since they contribute to aeration and organic matter and nutrients availability to other soil organisms. This study evaluated the effects of tropical forest crops management with presence-absence of Eucalyptus

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry applied to the identification of valuable phenolic compounds from Eucalyptus wood.

Science.gov (United States)

Santos, Sónia A O; Vilela, Carla; Freire, Carmen S R; Neto, Carlos Pascoal; Silvestre, Armando J D

2013-11-01

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was applied for the first time in the analysis of wood extracts. The potential of this technique coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry in the rapid and effective detection and identification of bioactive components in complex vegetal samples was demonstrated. Several dozens of compounds were detected in less than 30min of analysis time, corresponding to more than 3-fold reduction in time, when compared to conventional HPLC analysis of similar extracts. The phenolic chemical composition of Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urograndis (E. grandis×E. urophylla) and Eucalyptus maidenii wood extracts was assessed for the first time, with the identification of 51 phenolic compounds in the three wood extracts. Twenty of these compounds are reported for the first time as Eucalyptus genus components. Ellagic acid and ellagic acid-pentoside are the major components in all extracts, followed by gallic and quinic acids in E. grandis and E. urograndis and ellagic acid-pentoside isomer, isorhamnetin-hexoside and gallic acid in E. maidenii. The antioxidant scavenging activity of the extracts was evaluated, with E. grandis wood extract showing the lowest IC50 value. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of these extracts was higher than that of the commercial antioxidant BHT and of those of the corresponding bark extracts. These results, together with the phenolic content values, open good perspectives for the exploitation of these renewable resources as a source of valuable phenolic compounds. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Parasitismo de Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae em hospedeiro alternativo sobre plantas de eucalipto em semi-campo Parasitism of Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae in alternative host on eucalypt in semi-field

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabrício Fagundes Pereira

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O sucesso de programas de controle biológico com parasitóides depende de pesquisas aplicadas e, por isso, estimouse o número ideal de fêmeas de Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae para liberação em plantios de eucalipto, visando o controle de lepidópteros desfolhadores. Em cada repetição foram utilizadas trinta e seis pupas do hospedeiro alternativo Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae com 24 a 48 horas de idade que, foram individualizadas em armadilhas confeccionadas com tela de náilon e fixadas em ramos de plantas de Eucalyptus grandis nos terços superior, médio e inferior, na proporção de 33,33% (12 armadilhas. Após a fixação das armadilhas, as plantas foram cobertas individualmente, com uma gaiola de 7,0 x 7,0 x 2,5 m confeccionada com tecido organza e posteriormente liberadas, 36; 72; 144; 288; 576 ou 1.152 fêmeas de P. elaeisis, representando um, dois, quatro, oito, 16 ou 32 parasitóides por pupa e na testemunha, não houve liberação do parasitóide. Cada proporção foi considerada um tratamento, sendo instaladas seis repetições permitindo o parasitismo por 96 horas. O número de pupas de A. gemmatalis parasitadas foi crescente com o aumento do número de parasitóides liberados, independentemente do terço da planta considerado, ajustando-se a uma função quadrática com ponto de máximo próximo a 25 fêmeas por pupa. Na densidade de 32 fêmeas/pupa não houve aumento significativo no número de pupas parasitadas, sugerindo 25 fêmeas de P. elaeisis por pupa como a densidade mais próxima do ideal para liberação desse parasitóide em plantios de eucalipto.The success of programs of biological control with parasitoids depends on applied research and therefore it was estimated the optimal number of females Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle, 1993 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae for release in eucalyptus plantations, for the control of lepidopterans

Growth models for six Eucalyptus species in Angola | Delgado ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This study developed growth models for Eucalyptus saligna Sm., E. camaldulensis Dehnh., E. macarthurii H.Deane & Maiden, E. resinifera Sm., E. siderophloia Benth. and E. grandis Hill ex. Maiden, for the central highlands of Angola, and used these models to simulate the development of stand characteristics.

Comparative Genomics Analyses Reveal Extensive Chromosome Colinearity and Novel Quantitative Trait Loci in Eucalyptus

Science.gov (United States)

Weng, Qijie; Li, Mei; Yu, Xiaoli; Guo, Yong; Wang, Yu; Zhang, Xiaohong; Gan, Siming

2015-01-01

Dense genetic maps, along with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) detected on such maps, are powerful tools for genomics and molecular breeding studies. In the important woody genus Eucalyptus, the recent release of E. grandis genome sequence allows for sequence-based genomic comparison and searching for positional candidate genes within QTL regions. Here, dense genetic maps were constructed for E. urophylla and E. tereticornis using genomic simple sequence repeats (SSR), expressed sequence tag (EST) derived SSR, EST-derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (EST-CAPS), and diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers. The E. urophylla and E. tereticornis maps comprised 700 and 585 markers across 11 linkage groups, totaling at 1,208.2 and 1,241.4 cM in length, respectively. Extensive synteny and colinearity were observed as compared to three earlier DArT-based eucalypt maps (two maps with E. grandis × E. urophylla and one map of E. globulus) and with the E. grandis genome sequence. Fifty-three QTLs for growth (10–56 months of age) and wood density (56 months) were identified in 22 discrete regions on both maps, in which only one colocalizaiton was found between growth and wood density. Novel QTLs were revealed as compared with those previously detected on DArT-based maps for similar ages in Eucalyptus. Eleven to 585 positional candidate genes were obained for a 56-month-old QTL through aligning QTL confidence interval with the E. grandis genome. These results will assist in comparative genomics studies, targeted gene characterization, and marker-assisted selection in Eucalyptus and the related taxa. PMID:26695430

Comparative Genomics Analyses Reveal Extensive Chromosome Colinearity and Novel Quantitative Trait Loci in Eucalyptus.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fagen Li

Full Text Available Dense genetic maps, along with quantitative trait loci (QTLs detected on such maps, are powerful tools for genomics and molecular breeding studies. In the important woody genus Eucalyptus, the recent release of E. grandis genome sequence allows for sequence-based genomic comparison and searching for positional candidate genes within QTL regions. Here, dense genetic maps were constructed for E. urophylla and E. tereticornis using genomic simple sequence repeats (SSR, expressed sequence tag (EST derived SSR, EST-derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (EST-CAPS, and diversity arrays technology (DArT markers. The E. urophylla and E. tereticornis maps comprised 700 and 585 markers across 11 linkage groups, totaling at 1,208.2 and 1,241.4 cM in length, respectively. Extensive synteny and colinearity were observed as compared to three earlier DArT-based eucalypt maps (two maps with E. grandis × E. urophylla and one map of E. globulus and with the E. grandis genome sequence. Fifty-three QTLs for growth (10-56 months of age and wood density (56 months were identified in 22 discrete regions on both maps, in which only one colocalizaiton was found between growth and wood density. Novel QTLs were revealed as compared with those previously detected on DArT-based maps for similar ages in Eucalyptus. Eleven to 585 positional candidate genes were obained for a 56-month-old QTL through aligning QTL confidence interval with the E. grandis genome. These results will assist in comparative genomics studies, targeted gene characterization, and marker-assisted selection in Eucalyptus and the related taxa.

Lack of association between allozyme heterozygosity and juvenile traits in Eucalyptus

Science.gov (United States)

Genetic variability for juvenile waits, which included basal diameter, height, biomass accumulation, and growth increment, was studied in eight provenances involving four species, Eucalyptus grandis, E. saligna, E. camaldulensis and E. urophylla, under uniform greenhouse conditions. The species diff...

Eucalyptus sp. at the Intersection of Environment and Culture in Kenya

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brandy M Garrett Kluthe

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Members of the genus Eucalyptus are popular on small farms throughout Kenya, and include species such as Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalpytus globulus, and Eucalyptus grandis. Although they are fast-growing and perform well on marginal land, these trees are associated with negative environmental effects in Africa and elsewhere they have been introduced. In-person surveys were conducted with small farmers in Kenya to determine patterns of Eucalyptus sp. stand use and cultural importance. It was found that despite acknowledged short and long term environmental consequences, Eucalyptus sp. remains popular for medium term economic investment. These findings are consistent with other reports of Eucalyptus sp. woodlots serving as funding sources for education, health emergencies, etc., in parts of the world where bank loans are unavailable. Further, it was found that some farmers are using modified silviculture practices to ameliorate the negative effects of Eucalyptus sp., and others are seeking indigenous alternatives.           

Replantación de Eucalyptus grandis: efectos de la quema de residuos y fertilización en suelos arenosos del noreste de Entre Ríos

OpenAIRE

Dalla Tea, Fernando

1997-01-01

La tasa de corta o tala rasa de las plantaciones de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden en la región noreste de Entre Ríos supera las 5.000 ha anuales. La mayor parte de las mismas son manejadas en un 2do o 3er ciclo por medio de sus rebrotes. Sin embargo, la alternativa de replantación y cambio de los materiales genéticos ha sido planteada como una técnica para mejorar la productividad. Uno de los mayores inconvenientes al decidir la replantación es el tratamiento de los residuos que quedan...

Development of Genetic Markers in Eucalyptus Species by Target Enrichment and Exome Sequencing

Science.gov (United States)

Dasgupta, Modhumita Ghosh; Dharanishanthi, Veeramuthu; Agarwal, Ishangi; Krutovsky, Konstantin V.

2015-01-01

The advent of next-generation sequencing has facilitated large-scale discovery, validation and assessment of genetic markers for high density genotyping. The present study was undertaken to identify markers in genes supposedly related to wood property traits in three Eucalyptus species. Ninety four genes involved in xylogenesis were selected for hybridization probe based nuclear genomic DNA target enrichment and exome sequencing. Genomic DNA was isolated from the leaf tissues and used for on-array probe hybridization followed by Illumina sequencing. The raw sequence reads were trimmed and high-quality reads were mapped to the E. grandis reference sequence and the presence of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertions/ deletions (InDels) were identified across the three species. The average read coverage was 216X and a total of 2294 SNVs and 479 InDels were discovered in E. camaldulensis, 2383 SNVs and 518 InDels in E. tereticornis, and 1228 SNVs and 409 InDels in E. grandis. Additionally, SNV calling and InDel detection were conducted in pair-wise comparisons of E. tereticornis vs. E. grandis, E. camaldulensis vs. E. tereticornis and E. camaldulensis vs. E. grandis. This study presents an efficient and high throughput method on development of genetic markers for family– based QTL and association analysis in Eucalyptus. PMID:25602379

Development of genetic markers in Eucalyptus species by target enrichment and exome sequencing.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Modhumita Ghosh Dasgupta

Full Text Available The advent of next-generation sequencing has facilitated large-scale discovery, validation and assessment of genetic markers for high density genotyping. The present study was undertaken to identify markers in genes supposedly related to wood property traits in three Eucalyptus species. Ninety four genes involved in xylogenesis were selected for hybridization probe based nuclear genomic DNA target enrichment and exome sequencing. Genomic DNA was isolated from the leaf tissues and used for on-array probe hybridization followed by Illumina sequencing. The raw sequence reads were trimmed and high-quality reads were mapped to the E. grandis reference sequence and the presence of single nucleotide variants (SNVs and insertions/ deletions (InDels were identified across the three species. The average read coverage was 216X and a total of 2294 SNVs and 479 InDels were discovered in E. camaldulensis, 2383 SNVs and 518 InDels in E. tereticornis, and 1228 SNVs and 409 InDels in E. grandis. Additionally, SNV calling and InDel detection were conducted in pair-wise comparisons of E. tereticornis vs. E. grandis, E. camaldulensis vs. E. tereticornis and E. camaldulensis vs. E. grandis. This study presents an efficient and high throughput method on development of genetic markers for family- based QTL and association analysis in Eucalyptus.

Wood density and anatomy of three Eucalyptus species: implications for hydraulic conductivity

OpenAIRE

Antonio J. Barotto; Silvia Monteoliva; Javier Gyenge; Alejandro Martínez-Meier; Karen Moreno; Natalia Tesón; María Elena Fernández

2017-01-01

Aim of the study: To characterize wood anatomical traits of three Eucalyptus species that differ in wood density and ecological requirements, and to examine the relationships between some anatomical features, wood density, and theoretical xylem hydraulic conductivity (Ks). Area of study: We analyzed 86 trees from three sites of Argentina (Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires Provinces). Methods: The sampled trees were Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis and E. viminalis ranging from 11 to 15 years...

Microbial biomass and activity in litter during the initial development of pure and mixed plantations of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Bini

2013-02-01

Full Text Available Studies on microbial activity and biomass in forestry plantations often overlook the role of litter, typically focusing instead on soil nutrient contents to explain plant and microorganism development. However, since the litter is a significant source of recycled nutrients that affect nutrient dynamics in the soil, litter composition may be more strongly correlated with forest growth and development than soil nutrient contents. This study aimed to test this hypothesis by examining correlations between soil C, N, and P; litter C, N, P, lignin content, and polyphenol content; and microbial biomass and activity in pure and mixed second-rotation plantations of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium before and after senescent leaf drop. The numbers of cultivable fungi and bacteria were also estimated. All properties were correlated with litter C, N, P, lignin and polyphenols, and with soil C and N. We found higher microbial activity (CO2 evolution in litter than in soil. In the E. grandis monoculture before senescent leaf drop, microbial biomass C was 46 % higher in litter than in soil. After leaf drop, this difference decreased to 16 %. In A. mangium plantations, however, microbial biomass C was lower in litter than in soil both before and after leaf drop. Microbial biomass N of litter was approximately 94 % greater than that of the soil in summer and winter in all plantations. The number of cultivable fungi and bacteria increased after leaf drop, especially so in the litter. Fungi were also more abundant in the E. grandis litter. In general, the A. mangium monoculture was associated with higher levels of litter lignin and N, especially after leaf drop. In contrast, the polyphenol and C levels in E. grandis monoculture litter were higher after leaf drop. These properties were negatively correlated with total soil C and N. Litter in the mixed stands had lower C:N and C:P ratios and higher N, P, and C levels in the microbial biomass. This suggests more

Flavonoid supplementation affects the expression of genes involved in cell wall formation and lignification metabolism and increases sugar content and saccharification in the fast-growing eucalyptus hybrid E. urophylla x E. grandis.

Science.gov (United States)

Lepikson-Neto, Jorge; Nascimento, Leandro C; Salazar, Marcela M; Camargo, Eduardo L O; Cairo, João P F; Teixeira, Paulo J; Marques, Wesley L; Squina, Fabio M; Mieczkowski, Piotr; Deckmann, Ana C; Pereira, Gonçalo A G

2014-11-19

Eucalyptus species are the most widely planted hardwood species in the world and are renowned for their rapid growth and adaptability. In Brazil, one of the most widely grown Eucalyptus cultivars is the fast-growing Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis hybrid. In a previous study, we described a chemical characterization of these hybrids when subjected to flavonoid supplementation on 2 distinct timetables, and our results revealed marked differences between the wood composition of the treated and untreated trees. In this work, we report the transcriptional responses occurring in these trees that may be related to the observed chemical differences. Gene expression was analysed through mRNA-sequencing, and notably, compared to control trees, the treated trees display differential down-regulation of cell wall formation pathways such as phenylpropanoid metabolism as well as differential expression of genes involved in sucrose, starch and minor CHO metabolism and genes that play a role in several stress and environmental responses. We also performed enzymatic hydrolysis of wood samples from the different treatments, and the results indicated higher sugar contents and glucose yields in the flavonoid-treated plants. Our results further illustrate the potential use of flavonoids as a nutritional complement for modifying Eucalyptus wood, since, supplementation with flavonoids alters its chemical composition, gene expression and increases saccharification probably as part of a stress response.

Características da epiderme foliar de eucalipto e seu envolvimento com a tolerância ao glyphosate Characteristics of eucalypt leaf epidermis and its role in glyphosate tolerance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L.D. Tuffi Santos

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Em áreas de reflorestamento, a deriva do glyphosate causa injúrias nas plantas de eucalipto. Trabalhos preliminares de pesquisa e observações de campo apontam para uma tolerância diferencial ao glyphosate entre os genótipos cultivados. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se estudar as estruturas anatômicas da epiderme foliar de cinco espécies de eucalipto, correlacionando com a tolerância ao glyphosate em deriva simulada. Utilizou-se o esquema fatorial, sendo cinco espécies (Eucalyptus urophylla, E. grandis, E. pellita, E. resinifera e E. saligna e cinco subdoses (0; 43,2; 86,4; 172,8 e 345,6 g e.a. ha-1 de glyphosate, simulando uma deriva. Imediatamente antes da aplicação do herbicida, coletaram-se folhas, totalmente expandidas, para análise anatômica da superfície epidérmica segundo metodologia de dissociação. Entre as espécies estudadas, E. resinifera mostrou-se mais tolerante à deriva de glyphosate, apresentando os menores valores de porcentagem de intoxicação aos 45 dias após aplicação, não sendo encontrada diferença entre as demais espécies. As cinco espécies apresentam folhas glabras, anfiestomáticas, com estômatos do tipo anomocítico e cutícula proeminente. Apesar de presentes em ambas as faces, os estômatos são raros na face adaxial, apresentando baixo índice e densidade estomática. Os maiores valores para índice estomático foram observados em E. resinifera, enquanto E. saligna apresentou a maior densidade estomática. Cavidades subepidérmicas evidenciadas na superfície pelas células de cobertura estão presentes nas cinco espécies, com maior densidade em E. pellita. Houve alta correlação entre a porcentagem de intoxicação por glyphosate e o número de células epidérmicas da superfície adaxial, indicando envolvimento desta característica com a tolerância diferencial ao herbicida. Estudos sobre absorção, translocação e metabolismo do glyphosate em eucalipto devem ser realizados para elucidar

Nutritional sustainability of Eucalyptus plantations : a case study at ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The nutritional sustainability of a short-rotation Eucalyptus grandis plantation system was evaluated in a trial located at Karkloof, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, by determining nutrient pools and fluxes. Nutrient pools in the forest floor and biomass (above- and below-ground) were assessed by destructive sampling. The size ...

Utilização de eucaliptos e de madeiras nativas no armazenamento da aguardente de cana-de-açúcar Use of wood of Eucalyptus sp and native in the storage of the sugar cane spirit

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fábio Akira Mori

2003-12-01

Full Text Available O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar madeiras de diferentes espécies de eucaliptos e de madeiras nativas na construção de barris para o armazenamento da aguardente de cana-de-açúcar. Foram estudadas as propriedades químicas, anatômicas e físicas das madeiras e realizadas análises físico-químicas das aguardentes após doze meses de armazenamento. Os barris construídos com madeiras de eucaliptos apresentaram pouca permeabilidade a líquidos e também uma baixa estabilidade dimensional, provocando o descarte de grande parte deles. A análise química das diferentes madeiras de eucaliptos mostraram constituição constante em termos de polissacarídeos e lignina, diferindo no teor de extrativos, que é mais elevado em relação à madeira de carvalho. As análises físico-químicas das aguardentes armazenadas nestas madeiras apresentaram padrão de qualidade conforme a lei vigente, indicando o potencial da utilização desta madeira como barris para o armazenamento da aguardente. As madeiras nativas estudadas apresentaram baixa instabilidade dimensional e quase nenhum tipo de vazamento. A análise química destas madeiras também mostrou constituição constante em termos de polissacarídeos e lignina, e diferenças entre teores de extrativos, que foi também mais alto em relação a madeira de carvalho.As análises físico-químicas das aguardentes armazenadas nessas madeiras também apresentaram padrão normal segundo a lei vigente.The aim of this work was to evaluate different species of Eucalyptus and of native wood to make barrels for storage of sugar cane spirit. It was studied the chemical, anatomical and physical properties of the woods and made physical-chemical analyses of the sugar cane spirit storage during twelve months. The barrels made with wood of Eucalyptus presented little permeabilidade to liquids and a low dimensional estability, provoking discard of great part of them. The chemical composition of the different

The potential of young, green finger-jointed Eucalyptus grandis ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Drying will occur naturally while the lumber is fixed within the roof truss structure. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the strength and stiffness variation of the finger-jointed E. grandis product in both the green and dry state for different age and dimension lumber, (2) to investigate the variation in density, warp ...

Deposição de serapilheira e de nutrientes no solo em Sistema Agrossilvipastoril com eucalipto e acácia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eliane Cristina Sampaio de Freitas

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do componente arbóreo no aporte de serapilheira e de nutrientes em dois Sistemas Agrossilvipastoris, sendo o sistema 1: milho (Zea mays + eucalipto (híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla + acácia (Acacia mangium + braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens; e o sistema 2: milho + eucalipto + braquiária, que foram comparados com monocultivo de pasto, em Viçosa, MG. A serapilheira do componente arbóreo e da forrageira foi coletada mensalmente, a partir dos 34 meses após a implantação, no período de outubro de 2010 a setembro de 2011, em distâncias a partir das linhas centrais do plantio das árvores, que consistiram nos subtratamentos: 1, 3 e 6 m; e realizadas a análise e quantificação de nutrientes: N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. A deposição da serapilheira da forrageira foi superior no monocultivo de pasto. Entretanto, a maior deposição de serapilheira total (forrageira + componente arbóreo foi observada em ambos os sistemas agrossilvipastoris, comprovando a influência positiva do componente arbóreo no incremento de material vegetal depositado sobre o solo. A distância da linha de plantio das árvores também influenciou a deposição, que foi maior a 1 m, seguida das distâncias 3 e 6 m. Com exceção do P, os sistemas agrossilvipastoris depositaram maior quantidade de nutrientes por meio da serapilheira, destacando-se o sistema com acácia, que promoveu maior deposição de N. O componente arbóreo, a espécie leguminosa e a distância da linha de plantio das árvores dos sistemas agrossilvipastoris influenciaram a deposição de serapilheira e de nutrientes no solo, indicando a potencialidade desses sistemas para recuperação e manutenção de pastagens degradadas.

Wood density and anatomy of three Eucalyptus species: implications for hydraulic conductivity

OpenAIRE

Barotto, Antonio J.; Monteoliva, Silvia; Gyenge, Javier; Martínez-Meier, Alejandro; Moreno, Karen; Tesón, Natalia; Fernández, María Elena

2017-01-01

Aim of the study: To characterize wood anatomical traits of three Eucalyptus species that differ in wood density and ecological requirements, and to examine the relationships between some anatomical features, wood density, and theoretical xylem hydraulic conductivity (Ks).Area of study: We analyzed 86 trees from three sites of Argentina (Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires Provinces).Methods: The sampled trees were Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis and E. viminalis ranging from 11 to 15 years old. One ...

Mixed plantations of Eucalyptus and leguminous trees enhance biomass production

Science.gov (United States)

Dean S. DeBell; Craig D. Whitesell; Thomas H. Schubert

1985-01-01

Two Eucalyptus species-E. saligna Sm. and E. grandis Hill-are especially favored in Hawaii forwood, fiber, and fuel production because of their quick growth and high yields. Their growth is limited, however, on many sites by low levels of available nitrogen. Supplemental nitrogen can be provided by nitrogen-...

Primeiro registro de Fulgurodes sartinaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae em plantas de Eucalyptus cloeziana (Myrtaceae (Nota Científica. First record of Fulgurodes sartinaria (Lepidoptera: geometridae in Eucalyptus cloeziana (Myrtaceae (Scientific Note.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claubert Wagner Guimarães de MENEZES

2013-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar a oviposição e o desenvolvimento de uma nova espécie de lepidóptera associada à Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell, 1878 (Myrtaceae. Ovos, imaturos e adultos de Fulgurodes sartinaria Guenée, 1858 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae foram encontrados em plantas de E. cloeziana no município de Itamarandiba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Este trabalho é o primeiro registro desse desfolhador em plantas de eucalipto. Ninfas de Brontocoris tabidus Signoret, 1852 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae foram também observadas predando as lagartas de F. sartinaria, isto indica que este predador poderá ser um potencial agente de controle biológico da espécie. A ocorrência de F. sartinaria ovipositando e se desenvolvendo em plantas de E. cloeziana mostra que este lepidóptero pode se tornar um desfolhador importante da espécie, sendo recomendável sua inclusão em monitoramentos de pragas do eucalipto visando seu manejo integrado.The aim of this study was to record the oviposition and development of a new species of lepidopteran pests of Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell, 1878 (Myrtaceae. Eggs, immatures and adults of Fulgurodes sartinaria Guenée, 1858 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae were found in plants of E. cloeziana in Itamarandiba, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. This work is the first record of this defoliator in eucalyptus plants. Nymphs of the Brontocoris tabidus Signoret, 1852 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae have also been observed preying on the larvae of F. sartinaria, this indicates that this predator is a probable potential biological control agent of the species. The occurrence of F. sartinaria developing and laying eggs on plants of E. cloeziana shows that this insect can become an important defoliator and it is recommended its inclusion in monitoring pest of eucalyptus for integrated pest management.

Investigating the molecular underpinnings underlying morphology and changes in carbon partitioning during tension wood formation in Eucalyptus.

Science.gov (United States)

Mizrachi, Eshchar; Maloney, Victoria J; Silberbauer, Janine; Hefer, Charles A; Berger, Dave K; Mansfield, Shawn D; Myburg, Alexander A

2015-06-01

Tension wood has distinct physical and chemical properties, including altered fibre properties, cell wall composition and ultrastructure. It serves as a good system for investigating the genetic regulation of secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation. The reference genome sequence for Eucalyptus grandis allows investigation of the global transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies tension wood formation in this global wood fibre crop. We report the first comprehensive analysis of physicochemical wood property changes in tension wood of Eucalyptus measured in a hybrid (E. grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) clone, as well as genome-wide gene expression changes in xylem tissues 3 wk post-induction using RNA sequencing. We found that Eucalyptus tension wood in field-grown trees is characterized by an increase in cellulose, a reduction in lignin, xylose and mannose, and a marked increase in galactose. Gene expression profiling in tension wood-forming tissue showed corresponding down-regulation of monolignol biosynthetic genes, and differential expression of several carbohydrate active enzymes. We conclude that alterations of cell wall traits induced by tension wood formation in Eucalyptus are a consequence of a combination of down-regulation of lignin biosynthesis and hemicellulose remodelling, rather than the often proposed up-regulation of the cellulose biosynthetic pathway. © 2014 University of Pretoria New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust.

MINERAL ELEMENTS IN WOODS OF EUCALYPTUS AND BLACK WATTLE AND ITS INFLUENCE IN A BLEACHED KRAFT PULP MILL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Fredo

2009-09-01

Full Text Available Effluents are one of the most important problems in a pulp mill regarding to environmental subjects. With the purpose to reduce them, the mills are closing the internal cycles and reducing the water consumption. The wood, as the most significant source of non-process elements to the system, is responsible for some troubles to the industrial process. With the aim of evaluating their intake and to offer some informations for closing the loop, the contents of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, and Si were analysed in Acacia mearnsii, Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus globulus globulus, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus saligna woods. Wood samples were prepared by oven burning and acidic digestion methods, following analysis by ICP (inductively coupled plasm. Using also the results from silvicultural evaluation of trees and stands, they were calculated which elements were carried out from the site in larger amounts (K, Ca, Na, Al, Mn and Si and the species which exported largest amount of these elements (Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus globulus. The species with lower growth were Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus dunnii, that leads to a bigger elements input and more potential industrial troubles. It was observed a range of 3.8 (Eucalyptus grandis up to 6 (Eucalyptus dunnii kg of analised mineral elements introduced to the process per ton of umbleached pulp produced. The Acacia mearnsii showed the lower level for Fe, Mn and Ni, being useful for oxygen, ozone and peroxide bleaching. The silicon observed in woods was in low concentration although the high values of this element in industrial liquor cycle. This leads to state that there is some contamination with soil when harvesting and handling the wood. Special care must be taken with both high ash and high mineral elements species, such as Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus globulus.

Densidad de la madera en clones de Eucalyptus por densitometría de rayos X

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bibiana Arango

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En el Brasil y en diversos países se han verificado avances significativos en la silvicultura clonal intensiva con diferencias marcadas entre clones de especies e híbridos de Eucalyptus en lo referente a los parámetros de crecimiento y desarrollo. Al mismo tiempo, en los últimos años, se introdujo el concepto de uso múltiplo del leño de los árboles con la utilización de la madera como fuente de celulosa y papel, madera sólida y otras aplicaciones como estrategia de aumento de la rentabilidad del emprendimiento forestal. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el índice de uniformidad de la madera y la variación de la densidad en el sentido radial por densitometría de rayos X de árboles de 8 años de edad de clones de Eucalyptus grandis y E. grandis x urophylla, buscando posibilitar la optimización de su uso. Por sus características silviculturales se seleccionaron los 5 mejores clones de la especie e híbrido de las plantaciones clonales localizadas en el municipio de San Miguel de Arcanjo-SP de la Cia Suzano de Celulosa y Papel. Se caracterizaron 3 modelos de variación radial de la densidad y la formación de 3 tipos de madera (juvenil, de transición y adulta; el valor medio de densidad aparente de la madera en los clones fue de 0,46 y 0,54 g/cm3, para el Eucalyptus grandis y E. grandis x urophylla, respectivamente.

Variation in natural durability of seven Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrid clones

Science.gov (United States)

F.J.N. Franca; T.S.F.A. Franca; R.A Arango; B.M. Woodward; G.B. Vidaurre

2017-01-01

Programs aimed at developing clones of hybrid trees are commonly established in Brazil to meet the demands of various forest-based industries. These programs have continually improved the quality of eucalyptus wood, which has the potential to reduce deforestation by lowering demand for other high-value species. This is particularly true in the lumber market, but little...

Genome-Wide Analysis of the AP2/ERF Family in Eucalyptus grandis: An Intriguing Over-Representation of Stress-Responsive DREB1/CBF Genes

Science.gov (United States)

SanClemente, H.; Mounet, F.; Dunand, C.; Marque, G.; Marque, C.; Teulières, C.

2015-01-01

Background The AP2/ERF family includes a large number of developmentally and physiologically important transcription factors sharing an AP2 DNA-binding domain. Among them DREB1/CBF and DREB2 factors are known as master regulators respectively of cold and heat/osmotic stress responses. Experimental Approaches The manual annotation of AP2/ERF family from Eucalyptus grandis, Malus, Populus and Vitis genomes allowed a complete phylogenetic study for comparing the structure of this family in woody species and the model Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression profiles of the whole groups of EgrDREB1 and EgrDREB2 were investigated through RNAseq database survey and RT-qPCR analyses. Results The structure and the size of the AP2/ERF family show a global conservation for the plant species under comparison. In addition to an expansion of the ERF subfamily, the tree genomes mainly differ with respect to the group representation within the subfamilies. With regard to the E. grandis DREB subfamily, an obvious feature is the presence of 17 DREB1/CBF genes, the maximum reported to date for dicotyledons. In contrast, only six DREB2 have been identified, which is similar to the other plants species under study, except for Malus. All the DREB1/CBF and DREB2 genes from E. grandis are expressed in at least one condition and all are heat-responsive. Regulation by cold and drought depends on the genes but is not specific of one group; DREB1/CBF group is more cold-inducible than DREB2 which is mainly drought responsive. Conclusion These features suggest that the dramatic expansion of the DREB1/CBF group might be related to the adaptation of this evergreen tree to climate changes when it expanded in Australia. PMID:25849589

Genome-wide analysis of the AP2/ERF family in Eucalyptus grandis: an intriguing over-representation of stress-responsive DREB1/CBF genes.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P B Cao

Full Text Available The AP2/ERF family includes a large number of developmentally and physiologically important transcription factors sharing an AP2 DNA-binding domain. Among them DREB1/CBF and DREB2 factors are known as master regulators respectively of cold and heat/osmotic stress responses.The manual annotation of AP2/ERF family from Eucalyptus grandis, Malus, Populus and Vitis genomes allowed a complete phylogenetic study for comparing the structure of this family in woody species and the model Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression profiles of the whole groups of EgrDREB1 and EgrDREB2 were investigated through RNAseq database survey and RT-qPCR analyses.The structure and the size of the AP2/ERF family show a global conservation for the plant species under comparison. In addition to an expansion of the ERF subfamily, the tree genomes mainly differ with respect to the group representation within the subfamilies. With regard to the E. grandis DREB subfamily, an obvious feature is the presence of 17 DREB1/CBF genes, the maximum reported to date for dicotyledons. In contrast, only six DREB2 have been identified, which is similar to the other plants species under study, except for Malus. All the DREB1/CBF and DREB2 genes from E. grandis are expressed in at least one condition and all are heat-responsive. Regulation by cold and drought depends on the genes but is not specific of one group; DREB1/CBF group is more cold-inducible than DREB2 which is mainly drought responsive.These features suggest that the dramatic expansion of the DREB1/CBF group might be related to the adaptation of this evergreen tree to climate changes when it expanded in Australia.

LEVANTAMENTO DA ENTOMOFAUNA EM PLANTIOS DE Eucalyptus spp. POR MEIO DE ARMADILHA LUMINOSA EM SÃO FRANCISCO DE ASSIS - RS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Garlet

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The cultivation of eucalyptus has become an important economic activity in Brazil. However, with the increase of the plantation areas, some entomological problems tend to increase in the same proportion. The constant monitoring of the insects associated with homogeneous planting systems is very important in order to seek the development of programs for integrated pest management. Thus, the purpose of this study was to perform a survey on the insect populations associated with Eucalyptus spp., in São Francisco de Assis, RS. The collects were carried out by light traps from July 2008 to August 2009 in three-year-old stands with the species: Eucalyptus dunni, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla . The insects collected were analyzed using the faunistic indices, frequency, abundance, diversity, and constancy. The correlation between the pest species identified and the meteorological variables for the period were also performed. We collected 3623 individuals belonging to eight orders (Blattodea, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Mantodea and Odonata. Three species and three genus of lepidoptera defoliators considered of economic importance were identified: Automeris illustris, Eupseudosoma sp., Sabulodes sp., Sarsina sp., Thyrinteina arnobia and Agrotis ipsilon as well as the borer Phoracantha semipunctata . Our results show that there are important pest species of Eucalyptus already established in the region therefore some constant monitoring is required so that these species do not cause damage to plantations.

Relação entre concentrações foliares de carboidratos solúveis totais e tolerância ao frio em diferentes espécies de Eucalyptus spp.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mireli Moura Pitz Floriani

2013-03-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050988450O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da rustificação sobre a tolerância ao frio em Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden, Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage, Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden e Eucalyptus saligna Sm., através da quantificação dos teores foliares de carboidratos solúveis totais e de prolina. Mudas das quatro espécies (com três meses de idade e cerca de 50 cm de altura foram submetidas a dois períodos de rustificação (0 e 21 dias de exposição a temperaturas diurnas de 5 ºC e noturnas de 1 ºC, com fotoperíodo controlado de 12 horas. Ao final de cada período de rustificação, as mudas foram submetidas durante 3 horas a três gradientes de temperatura abaixo de zero (-2 ºC, -5 ºC e -8 ºC. Foram feitas avaliações das concentrações foliares de carboidratos solúveis totais e de prolina, da temperatura letal de 50 % (TL50 e do índice de dano ao frio. Não foi identificada a presença de prolina nos tecidos foliares das espécies avaliadas. No entanto, em mudas não rustificadas, observou-se diferenças entre as espécies quanto à concentração foliar de carboidratos, sendo maior em Eucalyptus benthamii, intermediária em Eucalyptus dunnii e Eucalyptus grandis, e menor em Eucalyptus saligna. A rustificação causou um aumento na concentração foliar de carboidratos de 2,9; 2,5; 2,8 e 1,3 vezes em Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus benthamii, Eucalyptus saligna e Eucalyptus grandis, respectivamente. Em mudas que não foram submetidas à rustificação, a TL50 foi mais baixa em Eucalyptus benthamii, intermediária em Eucalyptus dunnii e Eucalyptus grandis, e mais alta em Eucalyptus saligna. No entanto, com a rustificação das plantas não houve diferenças entre as espécies quanto à TL50. Observou-se que a TL50 diminuiu com a rustificação, exceto no Eucalyptus benthamii. Houve correlação negativa entre a concentração foliar de carboidratos solúveis totais e a TL50

Defense responses in plants of Eucalyptus elicited by Streptomyces and challenged with Botrytis cinerea.

Science.gov (United States)

Salla, Tamiris D; Astarita, Leandro V; Santarém, Eliane R

2016-04-01

Elicitation of E. grandis plants with Streptomyces PM9 reduced the gray-mold disease, through increasing the levels of enzymes directly related to the induction of plant defense responses, and accumulation of specific phenolic compounds. Members of Eucalyptus are economically important woody species, especially as a raw material in many industrial sectors. Species of this genus are susceptible to pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea (gray mold). Biological control of plant diseases using rhizobacteria is one alternative to reduce the use of pesticides and pathogen attack. This study evaluated the metabolic and phenotypic responses of Eucalyptus grandis and E. globulus plants treated with Streptomyces sp. PM9 and challenged with the pathogenic fungus B. cinerea. Metabolic responses were evaluated by assessing the activities of the enzymes polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase as well as the levels of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The incidence and progression of the fungal disease in PM9-treated plants and challenged with B. cinerea were evaluated. Treatment with Streptomyces sp. PM9 and challenge with B. cinerea led to changes in the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase as well as in the levels of phenolic compounds in the plants at different time points. Alterations in enzymes of PM9-treated plants were related to early defense responses in E. grandis. Gallic and chlorogenic acids were on average more abundant, although caffeic acid, benzoic acid and catechin were induced at specific time points during the culture period. Treatment with Streptomyces sp. PM9 significantly delayed the establishment of gray mold in E. grandis plants. These results demonstrate the action of Streptomyces sp. PM9 in inducing plant responses against B. cinerea, making this organism a potential candidate for biological control in Eucalyptus.

Estudo da massa específica básica e da variação dimensional da madeira de três espécies de eucalipto para a indústria moveleira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camila Santos Doubek Lopes

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The utilization of wood from reforested species by the furniture industry is a recent trend. Thus, the present study determined the specific gravity and shrinkage of wood of 18-year-old Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus urophylla, for use as components in solid wood furniture making. The tests to evaluate the specific gravity and shrinkage of wood in the radial and axial variation of the eucalyptus trees were performed according to NBR 7190/96. The results of the analysis of wood from eucalypt species were subjected to the Homogeneity Test, ANOVA, Tukey and Pearson correlation and compared to the performance of sucupira wood (Bowdichia nitida and cumaru wood (Dipteryx odorata, often used in the furniture industry. The following results were found: Eucalyptus grandis had a lower value of shrinkage, being more suitable for furniture components that require high dimensional stability, as well as parts of larger surface. The wood of this species showed a rate of dimensional variation compatible with the native species used in the furniture industry. The radial variation of the wood was also verified, and a high correlation between specific gravity and shrinkage was found. Longitudinally, the base of the trunk of the eucalyptus trees was shown to be the region of greatest dimensional stability.

Protein domain evolution is associated with reproductive diversification and adaptive radiation in the genus Eucalyptus.

Science.gov (United States)

Kersting, Anna R; Mizrachi, Eshchar; Bornberg-Bauer, Erich; Myburg, Alexander A

2015-06-01

Eucalyptus is a pivotal genus within the rosid order Myrtales with distinct geographic history and adaptations. Comparative analysis of protein domain evolution in the newly sequenced Eucalyptus grandis genome and other rosid lineages sheds light on the adaptive mechanisms integral to the success of this genus of woody perennials. We reconstructed the ancestral domain content to elucidate the gain, loss and expansion of protein domains and domain arrangements in Eucalyptus in the context of rosid phylogeny. We used functional gene ontology (GO) annotation of genes to investigate the possible biological and evolutionary consequences of protein domain expansion. We found that protein modulation within the angiosperms occurred primarily on the level of expansion of certain domains and arrangements. Using RNA-Seq data from E. grandis, we showed that domain expansions have contributed to tissue-specific expression of tandemly duplicated genes. Our results indicate that tandem duplication of genes, a key feature of the Eucalyptus genome, has played an important role in the expansion of domains, particularly in proteins related to the specialization of reproduction and biotic and abiotic interactions affecting root and floral biology, and that tissue-specific expression of proteins with expanded domains has facilitated subfunctionalization in domain families. © 2014 University of Pretoria New Phytologist © 2014 New Phytologist Trust.

Avaliação de bactérias extremófilas facultativas na produção de fitomassa do híbrido "urograndis" de eucalipto, a partir de sementes Evaluation of facultative extremophile bacteria in the phytomass production of the hybrid "urograndis" of eucalyptus from seeds

OpenAIRE

Eder Marques; Carlos Hidemi Uesugi

2013-01-01

Atualmente, a árvore mais plantada no Brasil é o Eucalyptus spp., ocupando 81,6% das florestas plantadas. Sua produtividade em 2009 foi de 44,2 m3 de eucalipto com casca/ha, gerando aproximadamente 46.850 empregos diretos. Estudos de bactérias benéficas, como as Rizobactérias Promotoras de Crescimento de Plantas (RPCPs), vêm sendo desenvolvidos há mais de um século. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar estirpes de bactérias extremófilas facultativas que possuam potencial na promoção de crescimento...

Desarrollo de funciones de índice de sitio para Eucalyptus grandis cultivado en la Mesopotamia argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

CRECHI, E.H

2011-12-01

Full Text Available ResumenSe desarrollaron modelos para la estimación del índice de sitio para Eucalyptus grandis implantado en la Mesopotamia argentina. Dicha estimación se llevó a cabo a través de la evaluación de una base general de datos que contó con 106 parcelas (439 mediciones, de las cuales 48 (197 mediciones pertenecían a la zona Misiones-NE Corrientes y 58 (242 mediciones a la zona Concordia-Monte Caseros (NE Entre Ríos-SE Corrientes. Analizadas las curvas promedio de evolución de la altura dominante con la edad de las dos regiones agroecológicas consideradas, se observó que sus pendientes diferían por lo que se ajustaron funciones de sitio para cada una de ellas. Fueron empleados tres métodos tradicionales, curva guía, reparametrización y ecuaciones diferenciales. El procedimiento elegido dependió de la calidad de información disponible en las zonas agroecológicas bajo estudio, aunque se priorizó que cumplieran con algunos criterios deseables para las funciones de sitio como el polimorfismo y que las alturas sean invariantes respecto de la edad índice, entre otros criterios, como también la de estabilidad frente a sus propios datos. Para la zona agro-ecológica Misiones-NE Corrientes se lograron buenos ajustes con el método de la curva Guía, mientras que para la zona Concordia-Monte Caseros se optó por el modelo de Schumacher ajustado mediante el método de aproximación algebraica diferencial (ADA.AbstractEquations for the prediction of site index of Eucalyptus grandis planted in the Mesopotamia region of Argentina, were developed. With this purpose a data base with 106 plots (439 pairs age-hdom was used; of it 48 (197 pairs age-Hdom belongs to Misiones-NE Corrientes agro ecological zone and the other 58 plots (242 pairs age-hdom belongs to the zone Concordia-Monte Caseros (SE Corrientes – NE Entre Ríos. Analyzed the evolution of the relationship between age-hdom of both zones it was determined that the slopes of the models

Relação das propriedades mecânicas e densidade de postes de madeira de eucalipto com seu estado de deterioração Relationship between mechanical properties and density of the eucalyptus wood poles with their deterioration staturs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Colombo Abruzzi

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta correlações obtidas entre propriedades mecânicas, densidade e o estado de deterioração de postes de eucalipto novos e retirados de serviço. O estado de deterioração foi determinado por inspeções em campo de postes da rede de distribuição de energia elétrica no sul do Brasil. Postes em diferentes estados de deterioração foram retirados da rede para os ensaios de flexão estática e medidas de densidade. Os testes mecânicos indicaram que os valores médios da resistência a flexão e da rigidez decrescem com o estado de deterioração do eucalipto. Entretanto, verificou-se uma grande variação nessas medidas com diferentes classes de deterioração apresentando resistência mecânica residual similar. Esse comportamento pode ser explicado pela influência da densidade da madeira nas correlações entre propriedades mecânicas e o estado de deterioração dos postes. Madeiras menos densas podem apresentar baixa resistência mecânica residual mesmo sem apresentar sinais de deterioração. O estudo da caracterização da madeira de eucalipto indicou que o estado de deterioração avaliado pela inspeção em campo, por si só não é um bom indicativo para prever a durabilidade das estruturas de madeiras, fazendo-se necessária uma análise preliminar da densidade da mesma.This paper presents the correlations obtained among mechanical properties, density and deterioration status of new eucalyptus poles and those removed from service. The deterioration status was determined in the field in sections of poles of the distribution of electric energy in southern Brazil. Poles in various status of deterioration were removed from the network for static bending tests and density measurements. The mechanical tests indicated that the average values of bending strength and stiffness decline with the deteriorating state of eucalyptus. However, there was a large variation in these measures with different classes of

Quantificação e composição química de cera epicuticular de folhas de eucalipto Quantification and chemical composition of epicuticular wax of eucalyptus leaves

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R.G Viana

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se neste trabalho quantificar e relatar a composição química da cera epicuticular da folha de seis clones de eucalipto (UFV01, UFV02, UFV03, UFV04, UFV05 e UFV06. A cera epicuticular foi extraída e quantificada, e os seus constituintes, analisados por cromatografia a gás acoplada a espectrômetro de massas. Maior quantidade de cera por área foliar foi encontrada nos clones UFV01, UFV02 e UFV05, enquanto o clone UFV03 apresentou o menor teor de cera. Nas amostras submetidas à espectrometria de massas, foram identificados 31 constituintes nos seis clones de eucalipto avaliados. A análise das amostras revelou maior presença de hidrocarbonetos entre os compostos identificados na folha. O componente encontrado em maior proporção nos clones UFV02 (36,07%, UFV03 (33,00% e UFV06 (40,98% foi o 3β-acetoxi-urs-12-en-28-al, ao passo que nos clones UFV01 (17,80%, UFV04 (11,38% e UFV05 (17,62% a maior proporção foi do hexacosano. Os clones UFV02 e UFV04 apresentaram, em sua cera, maior variedade de componentes químicos (19 componentes do que os demais genótipos avaliados, havendo variação quanto ao tipo e à quantidade de compostos entre os genótipos, mesmo em clones pertencentes à mesma espécie.This work aimed to quantify and evaluate the chemical composition of the epicuticular wax from leaves of six Eucalyptus clones (UFV01, UFV02, UFV03, UFV04, UFV05 and UFV06. The epicuticular wax was extracted and quantified and their constituents analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer, with 31 constituents being identified in the six Eucalyptus clones appraised. The analysis of the samples revealed mostly the presence of hydrocarbons. The component found in larger proportion in the clones UFV02 (36.07%, UFV03 (33.00% and UFV06 (40.98% was 3β-acetoxy-urs-12-en-28-al, while in the clones UFV01 (17.80%, UFV04 (11.38% and UFV05 (17.62% the component found in larger proportion was hexacosane. The clones UFV02 and UFV

Potential of eleven Eucalyptus species for the production of essential oils Potencial de onze espécies de eucalipto para a produção de óleos essenciais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Henrique Müller da Silva

2006-02-01

Full Text Available Most Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil aim the production of paper and charcoal, but the use of the species for lumbering, construction and extraction of essential oil has increased. Eleven species of Eucalyptus were assessed in regard to their essential oil production potential, nine never used before for commercial, essential oil extraction. Assessements were compared with Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus globulus, already explored in oil production for perfume and medical purposes, aiming to increase the availability of commercial species and the relationship between oil production and climatic conditions. Eucalyptus leaves were seasonally sampled (three months interval for distillation and determination of productivity and chemical composition of oil - contents of oils main components. Eucalyptus viminalis showed the highest potential for cineol, and standed out among the species not yet used commercially. Influenced by soil moisture contents and air temperature, the lowest and the highest oil production happened respectively in Spring and Summer. Water deficiency in Spring caused the lowest oil production. In the Summer, on the other hand, the highest oil production was observed when temperatures were higher and no water deficiency registered. There was no climatic influence on the main oil chemical component.A maioria das plantações de Eucalyptus brasileiras tem como objetivo a produção de papel e carvão, mas o uso das espécies para madeira, construção e extração de óleo essencial tem aumentado. Neste trabalho foram estudadas onze espécies de eucalipto quanto ao potencial para a obtenção de óleo essencial. Entre as espécies estudadas, nove não têm sido utilizadas na obtenção comercial de óleo. Para efeito comparativo, avaliou-se também duas outras espécies, o Eucalyptus citriodora e o Eucalyptus globulus, as quais são amplamente utilizadas, respectivamente, para a obtenção de óleo aromatizante e óleo para

Energy rating and productive of wood from reforestation of Eucalyptus and Pinus genetically improved in the state of Sao Paulo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jammal Filho, Fawaz Ali; Bruder, Edson Marcelo; Rezende, Marcos Antonio de

2010-01-01

Full text: In recent years, wood consumption is increasing, and the need to increase the availability of commercial wood reforestation becomes essentially important. In the state of Sao Paulo a few species of Eucalyptus and Pinus have stood out for having high productivity and with updated technical genetic improvements to productivity can be increased to 60 %. The work has to evaluate the productivity and quality of wood provided with commercial reforestation species of Eucalyptus and Pinus genetically improved in the midwestern region of Sao Paulo. In this study we used six treatments: a seminal Eucalyptus grandis; two clones of Eucalyptus grandis, three hybrid clones of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis. Pinus were analyzed for five hybrid progenies of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and Pinus tecunumanii. We evaluated the productivity rates of each treatment and the quality of wood produced, by studying their average density and specific variations possible by the methods: TARG (Technique attenuation of gamma radiation from 241 Am) and immersion. Productivity mass IMAM treatments for Eucalyptus S1, C1, C2, H1, H2 and H3 were 18.7, 17.0, 21.2, 28.1, 30.1 and 27.2 ton/ha.years respectively, and the density point to 12 % treatments S1, C1, C2, H1, H2 and H3 were 451.3, 439.0, 411.9, 518.8, 526.4 and 526.3 kg/m 3 . Productivity for Pinus mass IMAM treatments H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 and S1 were 14.7, 13.5, 13.7, 14.8, 12.4 and 13.0 ton/ha.years respectively, and the density point to 12 % treatments H1, H2, H3, H4, H5 and S1 were 475, 522, 459, 478, 430 and 514 kg/m 3 . These results are extremely important and come to contradict some literature results that correlate productivity gains with losses in density. It was concluded that the values of density and productivity of each treatment and sperm Pinus hybrids there was significant improvement in the indices assessed. While in the Eucalyptus the results were remarkable, reflecting the improvement in productivity

Advancing Eucalyptus genomics: identification and sequencing of lignin biosynthesis genes from deep-coverage BAC libraries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kudrna David

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Eucalyptus species are among the most planted hardwoods in the world because of their rapid growth, adaptability and valuable wood properties. The development and integration of genomic resources into breeding practice will be increasingly important in the decades to come. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC libraries are key genomic tools that enable positional cloning of important traits, synteny evaluation, and the development of genome framework physical maps for genetic linkage and genome sequencing. Results We describe the construction and characterization of two deep-coverage BAC libraries EG_Ba and EG_Bb obtained from nuclear DNA fragments of E. grandis (clone BRASUZ1 digested with HindIII and BstYI, respectively. Genome coverages of 17 and 15 haploid genome equivalents were estimated for EG_Ba and EG_Bb, respectively. Both libraries contained large inserts, with average sizes ranging from 135 Kb (Eg_Bb to 157 Kb (Eg_Ba, very low extra-nuclear genome contamination providing a probability of finding a single copy gene ≥ 99.99%. Libraries were screened for the presence of several genes of interest via hybridizations to high-density BAC filters followed by PCR validation. Five selected BAC clones were sequenced and assembled using the Roche GS FLX technology providing the whole sequence of the E. grandis chloroplast genome, and complete genomic sequences of important lignin biosynthesis genes. Conclusions The two E. grandis BAC libraries described in this study represent an important milestone for the advancement of Eucalyptus genomics and forest tree research. These BAC resources have a highly redundant genome coverage (> 15×, contain large average inserts and have a very low percentage of clones with organellar DNA or empty vectors. These publicly available BAC libraries are thus suitable for a broad range of applications in genetic and genomic research in Eucalyptus and possibly in related species of Myrtaceae

Growth response at age 10 years of five Eucalyptus genotypes ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Thus, following the 1999 drought event a trial was established in a drought-prone area, planted to a number of genotypes that were deemed to be more tolerant to water stress than Eucalyptus grandis. Each species was planted at stand densities of 816, 1 600 and 2 066 stems ha-1, where 1 600 stems ha-1 represented the ...

Spittlebug Cephisus siccifolius damaging eucalypt plants in the State of Bahia, Brazil Cigarrinha-de-espuma Cephisus siccifolius em plantio de eucalipto clonal no Estado da Bahia, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Genésio Tâmara Ribeiro

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Most common pests of eucalyptus plants in Brazil are leaf cutting ants and defoliating caterpillars. Other groups, eventually, feeding on eucalyptus include Heteroptera and cicadas. The objectives of this work were to identify and to describe attack symptoms of Cephisus siccifolius (Walker 1851 (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae on eucalyptus trees in a stand of 25.77 hectares in the State of Bahia, Brazil, where 99.3% of them were attacked by this spittlebug. Damage was more severe on branches and leaves. Tree death was, relatively, low while those cut showed 4.7 colonies of this spittlebug with 21.9 nymphs per colony. Cultural control with the removal of trees attacked was recommended.Os insetos-praga mais comuns em plantios de eucalipto no Brasil são formigas cortadeiras e lagartas desfolhadoras. Eventualmente, outros insetos como percevejos e cigarrinhas podem danificar essas plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e descrever os sintomas de ataque, em um plantio de eucalipto de 25,77 hectares, no Estado da Bahia, onde 99,3% das árvores tinham sido atacadas pela cigarrinha-de-espuma Cephisus siccifolius (Walker 1851 (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae. Os danos foram maiores em galhos e folhas. A mortalidade de árvores foi baixa, apesar de se observar 4,7 colônias de cigarrinhas por árvore, com 21,9 ninfas por colônia. O corte das árvores infestadas foi recomendado como controle.

Production and carbon allocation in a clonal Eucalyptus plantation with water and nutrient manipulations

Science.gov (United States)

Jose Luiz Stape; Dan Binkley; Michael G. Ryan

2008-01-01

We examined resource limitations on growth and carbon allocation in a fast-growing, clonal plantation of Eucalyptus grandis urophylla in Brazil by characterizing responses to annual rainfall, and response to irrigation and fertililization for 2 years. Productivity measures included gross primary production (GPP), total belowground carbon allocation (...

Efeito dos cofatores hidroquinona, prolina e triptofano no enraizamento de miniestacas de clones de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrícia Bueno Goulart

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência dos cofatores hidroquinona, prolina e triptofano, associados ao regulador de crescimento AIB (ácido indolbutírico na propagação vegetativa pelo enraizamento de miniestacas de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla. As miniestacas foram coletadas no minijardim clonal realizado em sistema de hidroponia em canaletas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, constituído de quatro concentrações para cada cofator e quatro clones, em quatro repetições e parcelas compostas de 16 plantas/repetição. Foram realizadas avaliações na casa de vegetação, casa de sombra e ao sol nas miniestacas enraizadas. Concluiu-se que o triptofano (0,8 mg L-1 e a hidroquinona (0,2 a 0,4 mg L-1, aplicados associados ao AIB, melhoraram o enraizamento em três clones dos quatro clones avaliados; enquanto a prolina (0,2 a 0,4 mg L-1, aplicada associada ao AIB, promoveu melhoria expressiva no enraizamento das miniestacas nos quatros clones estudados, evidenciando ser entre os cofatores testados o mais eficiente.

Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum (=Botryosphaeria eucalyptorum Y N. parvum: PATÓGENOS EN PLANTACIONES DE EUCALIPTO EN MÉXICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesús G. De la Mora-Castañeda

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En el oriente de Michoacán, la muerte regresiva en plantaciones comerciales de eucalipto se presentó en árboles con daños por heladas y sequías en el 2013. En Eucalyptus nitens se aisló al patógeno Neofusicoccum eucalyptorum encontrando a su teleomorfo Botryosphaeria eucalypto - rum en los cancros, mientras que N. parvum se aisló de E. nitens y E. globulus. Ambas especies de Neofusicoccum se identificaron por morfología y se caracterizaron molecularmente mediante PCR- ITS. Las secuencias de N. eucalyptorum (números de acceso: KC479184 y KC4799188 y N. parvum (KC479185, KC479186 y KC479187 se depositaron en el Banco de Genes del NCBI. En campo, los eucaliptos enfermos presentaron muerte regresiva, cancros fusiformes en fuste que inducen hincha - mientos, flujo de resina y brotes epicórmicos. Los hongos inoculados in vitro en varetas de E. nitens y E. globulus causaron lesiones necróticas y abundantes picnidios inmaduros a 10 días después de la inocu - lación (ddi. En los árboles de E. nitens de tres años de edad se formó un cancro de apariencia hundida con forma fusiforme, de color café oscuro y de 13 a 21.9 cm a los 48 ddi. Este trabajo es el primer reporte de N. eucalyptorum y N. parvum en México causando enfermedad en plantaciones de eucalipto.

Caracterização da estrutura anatômica, densidade básica e morfologia de cavacos da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis para a produção de painéis MDF Characterization of wood anatomy, basic density, and morphology of Eucalyptus grandis chips for MDF production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ugo Leandro Belini

2008-08-01

Full Text Available O aumento na produção dos painéis "Medium Density Fiberboard" (MDF confeccionados com madeira de espécies de Eucalyptus spp de rápido crescimento evidencia a necessidade da caracterização dos seus componentes celulares, da densidade básica e da morfologia de cavacos. Com esse objetivo, foram coletadas três amostras de cavacos de madeira de árvores de Eucalyptus grandis, na linha de produção de indústria de painel. Em laboratório, os cavacos foram dissociados por maceração, para a avaliação das dimensões das fibras e dos vasos; determinou-se a densidade básica dos cavacos, bem como se caracterizaram a sua espessura e morfologia. Os resultados indicaram valores médios de 1005-19,7-11,8-3,9 µm para o comprimento, largura, diâmetro do lume e espessura média da parede das fibras, respectivamente. A densidade básica da madeira foi de 0,432 g/cm³ e a espessura dos cavacos, de 4,36 mm. Os valores médios de retenção dos cavacos foram de 0,9-16,9-44,5-30,7-6,1-0,9% nas peneiras 40, 25, 16, 8, 3,35 mm e fundo, respectivamente, sendo 75,2% retidos nas peneiras de 16-8 mm de abertura. Os resultados das análises anatômicas e morfológicas dos cavacos de madeira foram discutidos e comparados com informações da literatura especializada e correlacionados com o processo produtivo de chapas MDF.The increase of the MDF panels (Medium Density Fiberboard production by the use of the fast growing eucalypt wood species it evidences the need of the characterization of the cellular components, basic density and the chips morphology. With this aim 3 samples of wood chips of Eucalyptus grandis trees were collected, in the production line of panel industry. In laboratory, the wood chips were dissociated by maceration for the evaluation of the fiber and vessels dimensions; the wood basic density was determined and the thickness and morphology were characterized. The results indicated mean values of 1005-19,7-11,8-3,9 µm for the fiber length

Crescimento, nutrição e fixação biológica de nitrogênio em plantios mistos de eucalipto e leguminosas arbóreas Growth, nutrition and biological fixation of nitrogen in mixed-species plantations of eucalypt with leguminous trees

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Selma Regina de Freitas Coelho

2007-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, a nutrição mineral e a fixação biológica de N2 (FBN em plantios consorciados de Eucalyptus grandis e leguminosas arbóreas. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições e sete tratamentos por bloco. Nas linhas de plantio, entre as plantas de E. grandis, foram plantadas, intercaladamente, leguminosas arbóreas nativas de matas brasileiras - Peltophorum dubium, Inga sp., Mimosa scabrella, Acacia polyphylla, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia - e uma leguminosa exótica, Acacia mangium. Realizou-se, também, o plantio puro de E. grandis. Mimosa scabrella e A. mangium foram as leguminosas com maior crescimento. Eucalyptus grandis consorciado com M. scabrella cresceu menos, no entanto foi o povoamento com maior acumulação de biomassa. As densidades de raízes finas (DRF do E. grandis foram 6 a 20 vezes maiores que as DRF das leguminosas na camada superficial do solo (0-10 cm 24 meses após plantio. A DRF de M. scabrella e de M. caesalpiniaefolia foi maior na camada 30-50 cm e menor na camada 10-30 cm. Os valores de delta15N da M. scabrella indicam que 90% do N acumulado em seus tecidos é oriundo da FBN.The objective of this work was to assess interactions between species on the above and belowground growth, nitrogen uptake and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF in mixed stands of Eucalyptus grandis and native leguminous N2-fixing trees. A complete randomized block design was installed with seven treatments and three blocks. Within the lines of the E. grandis seedlings, native leguminous N2-fixing trees - Peltophorum dubium, Inga sp., Mimosa scabrella, Acacia polyphylla, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia - and one exotic leguminous plant, Acacia mangium, were intercropped. E. grandis was also solely planted. Mimosa scabrella and A. mangium were the legume trees that presented the highest growth. Although E. grandis showed a lower

Silicato de cálcio como amenizante da toxidez de metais pesados em mudas de eucalipto Calcium silicate to reduce heavy metal toxicity in eucalyptus seedlings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana Maria de Aguiar Accioly

2009-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do silicato de cálcio na redução da toxidez de metais pesados no solo para Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Foram utilizadas cinco doses de silicato de cálcio (0, 1,6, 3,2, 4,8 e 6,4 g kg-1, em solos com diferentes graus de contaminação. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos com 1,5 kg de solo, com uma muda por vaso, em esquema fatorial 4x5 (quatro graus de contaminação x cinco doses de silicato. O silicato de cálcio reduziu a toxidez de metais pesados em E.camaldulensis, retardou o aparecimento dos sintomas de toxidez e diminuiu os teores de zinco e cádmio na parte aérea das plantas. Entretanto, não evitou totalmente a depressão no crescimento, nos solos com contaminação elevada. O efeito amenizante do silicato foi crescente com o aumento das doses e mais evidente nos solos com contaminação elevada. O efeito benéfico do silicato de cálcio está relacionado à redução da transferência do zinco para a parte aérea do eucalipto.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium silicate to reduce heavy metal toxicity in Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings. Five doses of calcium silicate (0, 1.6, 3.2, 4.8, and 6.4 g kg-1 were used in soils with increasing levels of contamination. The experiment was carried out in pots with 1.5 kg of soil, with one plant each, in a 4x5 factorial array (four levels of contamination x five silicate doses. Calcium silicate minimized heavy metal toxicity to E.camaldulensis, delayed the onset of toxicity symptoms, and decreased zinc and cadmium shoot concentrations. However, calcium silicate did not completely overcome the depressive effect upon plant growth in soils with high metal concentrations. Calcium silicate effects increased with increasing doses and were more evident in highly contaminated soils. The beneficial effects of calcium silicate on metal toxicity were highly related to the decrease in zinc translocation to the eucalyptus shoots.

ESTABELECIMENTO A CAMPO DE MUDAS DE Eucalyptus grandis MICORRIZADAS COM Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116 EM SOLO ARENOSO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andréa Hentz de Mello

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work was to evaluate the survival and the initial growth of mycorrhizated eucalypts with Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116 ectomycorrhizal fungus, after its transplant to area subject to the arenization process in São Francisco de Assis, RS. The area was divided into four blocks, each one with four treatments (fertile turf with and without mycorrhizae, Quartzarenic Neosoil with and without mycorrhizae. Each parcel was composed of 16 seedlings arranged in four lines in the spacing of 1,5 m x 1,5 m, totalizing in each block 64 seedlings. 90 days after the planting in the field, the eucaliptus seedlings produced in turf with fungus in the fertile substratum presented a survival rate of 100 %, whereas for those produced in fertile turf without fingi, the survival rate was 92 %. The seedlings produced in the Quartzarenic Neosoil with and without mycorrhizae had a survival rate varying around 98 and 89 %, respectively. The produced seedlings with turf and fungus showed significant differences in height and stem diameter. This study showed that the Eucalyptus grandis seedlings produced in substratum fertile turf and inoculated with the Pisolithus microcarpus (UFSC Pt 116 isolated may maintain good development and establishment in the field.

SPECTRORADIOMETRY IN THE VISIBLE AND NEAR INFRARED REGION ON A STAND OF Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex-Maiden

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Catize Brandelero

2012-03-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050985093Reflectance readings in border and inner tree leaves in a Eucalyptus grandis stand, in São Pedro das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul state, were analyzed in the regions of the visible electromagnetic spectrum and the nearby infrared, by using spectrum radiometry. The area was divided in two parts: border and center stands. In order to collect the material, the crown was divided in three parts (superior, medium and inferior, so that it would be possible to differentiate the positions of leaf collections in each area. Three trees were sampled in each area, adding up to six trees, for each tree, 60 isolated leaves were collected, 20 in each position. The reflectance readings were carried out through FieldSpec®3 spectrum radiometer and the final results were segmented in the visible and nearby infrared spectral bands. The statistical analysis was made on the basis of several tests, among them Tukey HSD test, in order to compare the averages of the visible region, which, according to ANOVA, present significant differences. It is concluded that the collecting indicating class of leaves for the spectrum radiometric analysis in the visible region are preferably the 5 one (tree in the center, reading in the medium part and #3 one (border tree, reading superior part.

UTILIZAÇÃO DE MISTURAS DE CAVACOS INDUSTRIAIS COM RESÍDUOS DE SERRARIA PROVENIENTES DE MADEIRAS DE Eucalyptus grandis DE DIFERENTES IDADES PARA PRODUÇÃO DE PASTA KRAFT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angelina Maron

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho estuda a viabilidade técnica do uso conjunto de resíduos de serraria (costaneiras dentre outros e topos de árvores de Eucalyptus grandis com 15 anos de idade, destinadas à produção de madeira sólida, com madeira de árvores de plantio industrial, com 7 anos de idade, destinadas à produção de pasta kraft. São apresentados modelos úteis à realização de estimativas de alturas total e comercial e de volumes de madeira comercial e adequadas para serraria, todos baseados no DAP. São fornecidos dados anatômicos, de densidade básica e de composição química de misturas desses tipos de materiais. Mostra-se que é tecnicamente viável realizar deslignificações kraft com misturas contendo madeira comercial de Eucalyptus grandis 7 anos com resíduo de serraria ou topos de árvores. A deslignificação kraft de resíduos de serraria resulta em perda rápida de rendimento, mas a pasta produzida sob as mesmas condições apresenta número Kappa menor que a de Eucalyptus grandis com 7 anos. A deslignificação de topos de árvores resulta em perda de rendimento bruto, mas o consumo específico de madeira é menor. Conforme aumenta a madeira de topo nas misturas, ocorre um aumento na densidade básica, o comprimento médio das fibras fica praticamente o mesmo e um pequeno aumento no teor de lignina; há diminuição nos extrativos em etanol, em água quente e na solubilidade em NaOH 1%. Diminui um pouco o rendimento bruto em pasta, mas praticamente não afeta o número Kappa, caindo sensivelmente o consumo específico de madeira. Com o aumento de madeira de resíduo de serraria das árvores nas misturas, praticamente não há efeito sobre a densidade básica, mas o comprimento médio das fibras aumenta, ocorrendo também um pequeno aumento no teor de lignina. Os extrativos em etanol, em água quente e na solubilidade em NaOH 1% diminuem. O rendimento bruto em pasta cai um pouco, mas com uma queda sensível no número Kappa

Genetic architecture of carbon isotope composition and growth in Eucalyptus across multiple environments.

Science.gov (United States)

Bartholomé, Jérôme; Mabiala, André; Savelli, Bruno; Bert, Didier; Brendel, Oliver; Plomion, Christophe; Gion, Jean-Marc

2015-06-01

In the context of climate change, the water-use efficiency (WUE) of highly productive tree varieties, such as eucalypts, has become a major issue for breeding programmes. This study set out to dissect the genetic architecture of carbon isotope composition (δ(13) C), a proxy of WUE, across several environments. A family of Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis was planted in three trials and phenotyped for δ(13) C and growth traits. High-resolution genetic maps enabled us to target genomic regions underlying δ(13) C quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on the E. grandis genome. Of the 15 QTLs identified for δ(13) C, nine were stable across the environments and three displayed significant QTL-by-environment interaction, suggesting medium to high genetic determinism for this trait. Only one colocalization was found between growth and δ(13) C. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis suggested candidate genes related to foliar δ(13) C, including two involved in the regulation of stomatal movements. This study provides the first report of the genetic architecture of δ(13) C and its relation to growth in Eucalyptus. The low correlations found between the two traits at phenotypic and genetic levels suggest the possibility of improving the WUE of Eucalyptus varieties without having an impact on breeding for growth. © 2015 CIRAD. New Phytologist © 2015 New Phytologist Trust.

Soil fertility and growth of Eucalyptus grandis in Brazil under ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Silvicultural operations such as soil preparation, logging residue management and application of fertilisers can influence soil fertility, and hence nutrient uptake and tree growth. This paper reports the effect of site management practices of minimum and intensive cultivation of the soil on the growth of a stand of Eucalyptus ...

GENERAL EQUATIONS OF CARBONIZATION OF EUCALYPTUS SPP KINETIC MECHANISMS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Túlio Jardim Raad

2006-06-01

Full Text Available In the present work, a set of general equations related to kinetic mechanism of wood compound carbonization: hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin was obtained by Avrami-Eroffev and Arrhenius equations and Thermogravimetry of Eucalyptus cloeziana, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis samples, TG-Isothermal and TG-Dynamic. The different thermal stabilities and decomposition temperature bands of those species compounds were applied as strategy to obtain the kinetic parameters: activation energy, exponential factor and reaction order. The kinetic model developed was validated by thermogravimetric curves from carbonization of others biomass such as coconut. The kinetic parameters found were - Hemicelluloses: E=98,6 kJmol, A=3,5x106s-1 n=1,0; - Cellulose: E=182,2 kJmol, A=1,2x1013s-1 n=1,5; - Lignin: E=46,6 kJmol, A=2,01s-1 n=0,41. The set of equations can be implemented in a mathematical model of wood carbonization simulation (with heat and mass transfer equations with the aim of optimizing the control and charcoal process used to produce pig iron.

Produção, Estoque e Retenção Hídrica da Serrapilheira em Encosta Sob Plantio de híbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla e Eucalyptus grandis: Médio Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Luiza Coelho Netto

2010-01-01

Full Text Available As áreas de Eucalyptus têm se espalhado rapidamente no médio vale do rio Paraíba do Sul e seus efeitos ambientais ainda são ambivalentes e pouco documentados (Vianna et al., 2007. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a produção e o estoque de serrapilheira em encostas sob plantio de Eucalyptus e verificar sua capacidade de retenção hídrica, como suporte ao entendimento das respostas hidrológicas as entradas de chuvas. A área de estudo está localizada na bacia do rio Sesmarias, numa área coberta por Eucalyptus grandis x urophyla, com espaçamento 3 x 2 m (1666 árvores.ha-1, plantadas em abril de 2004. A serrapilheira foi coletada em quatro diferentes posições usando quadrados de 0,5m para medição de produção, e quadrados de 0,25m para medição do estoque. As amostras foram secas, pesadas, separadas em frações (folhas, galhos, gramínea e raízes + material fino, as quais também eram pesadas. A produção apresentou aumento com a diminuição das chuvas, e foi maior no divisor (10,2 Mg.ha-1 que na encosta(6,6 Mg.ha-1. O estoque de serrapilheira apresenta uma tendência de aumento, com acúmulo anual de 2,2 Mg.ha-1, e é composto principalmente por folhas. A capacidade de retenção hídrica de 235% aproxima-se dos valores encontrados em Floresta Tropical Chuvosa de Encostas (200% - 259%.

Fungos filamentosos do solo da Ilha dos Eucaliptos na Represa do Guarapiranga em São Paulo, SP

OpenAIRE

Santos,Valéria Barros dos; Wellbaum,Christian; Schoenlein-Crusius,Iracema Helena

1998-01-01

Foi estudada a diversidade dos fungos do solo da Ilha dos Eucaliptos na Represa do Guarapiranga em São Paulo, SP, sob floresta de Eucalyptus, mata de interseção e mata secundária remanescente, em duas épocas climáticamente distintas: março - época quente e úmida (verão) e junho - época fria e seca (inverno) de 1996. Os fungos filamentosos foram isolados pelos métodos da diluição em série e placa de solo. A similaridade entre as micotas foi estabelecida pelo índice de Sörensen. No total foram ...

Bacterial diversity of soil under eucalyptus assessed by 16S rDNA sequencing analysis Diversidade bacteriana de solo sob eucaliptos obtida por seqüenciamento do 16S rDNA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Érico Leandro da Silveira

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Studies on the impact of Eucalyptus spp. on Brazilian soils have focused on soil chemical properties and isolating interesting microbial organisms. Few studies have focused on microbial diversity and ecology in Brazil due to limited coverage of traditional cultivation and isolation methods. Molecular microbial ecology methods based on PCR amplified 16S rDNA have enriched the knowledge of soils microbial biodiversity. The objective of this work was to compare and estimate the bacterial diversity of sympatric communities within soils from two areas, a native forest (NFA and an eucalyptus arboretum (EAA. PCR primers, whose target soil metagenomic 16S rDNA were used to amplify soil DNA, were cloned using pGEM-T and sequenced to determine bacterial diversity. From the NFA soil 134 clones were analyzed, while 116 clones were analyzed from the EAA soil samples. The sequences were compared with those online at the GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses revealed differences between the soil types and high diversity in both communities. Soil from the Eucalyptus spp. arboretum was found to have a greater bacterial diversity than the soil investigated from the native forest area.Estudos sobre impacto do Eucalyptus spp. em solos brasileiros têm focalizado propriedades químicas do solo e isolamento de microrganismos de interesse. No Brasil há pouco enfoque em ecologia e diversidade microbiana, devido às limitações dos métodos tradicionais de cultivo e isolamento. A utilização de métodos moleculares no estudo da ecologia microbiana baseados na amplificação por PCR do 16S rDNA têm enriquecido o conhecimento da biodiversidade microbiana dos solos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar e estimar a diversidade bacteriana de comunidades simpátricas em solos de duas áreas: uma floresta nativa (NFA e outra adjacente com arboreto de eucaliptos (EAA. Oligonucleotídeos iniciadores foram utilizados para amplificar o 16S rDNA metagenômico do solo, o qual foi

PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS OF PROCESSOR WORKING IN STANDS OF Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bernardo Carlos Tarnowski

2009-09-01

Full Text Available In the present work a time study was conducted with the objective of adjusting equations to estimate the time of activities, productivity, operational costs and the production of the processor used in a harvest operation of stands of Eucalyptus grandis in plain topography in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The operational cycle of the processor consisted of the time spent to process a tree, and was divided in to stages, which were assessed using the methotodology of single activity times. The sampling unit was the operational cycle of the machine. The statistical analysis was based on regression analysis considering the selection procedure “stepwise”. With the adjusted equations it was possible to estimate the productivity of the machine taking into account the of tree diameter. Considering an operational efficiency of 70 % under the circumstances of the study, the productivity of the processor was 25,8 m3 cc/h, the operational costs 47,90 US$/h and the production costs 1,86 US$/m3 cc. On the basis of the obtained results it can be concluded that the time of tree processing has varied directly according to the diameter increase diameter; the preparation time, contrary to the processing time, only shows a weak correlation with tree diameter; productivity of the processor is directly proportional to tree diameter, when expressed in volume and inversely proportional when expressed in tree number; the costs per cubic meter of wood processed varies inversely with of increased diameter; from the operational costs, fixed costs had the highest proportion followed by the variable costs, administrative costs and costs for manpower; the production costs of the processor decreased exponentially with increasing tree diameter.

INFLUENCE OF ANATOMICAL FEATURES AND EXTRACTIVES CONTENT WOOD OF Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden IN QUALITY BONDING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Cristina do Sacramento Albino

2012-12-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050987561The study aimed to anatomically characterize and to quantify the total extractives in different positions of the log of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden with 18 years of age and to assess their influence on the shear strength and percentage of wood failure in adhesive bonded joints with thermosetting resorcinol-formaldehyde. Histological slides were prepared for an anatomical study and determined the total extractive content. The preparation of bonded joints was made according to ASTM D 2339-98(2000. It was used the correlation coefficient of Pearson, 1% probability by t test to evaluate the correlation between the anatomical and extractives content with the quality of the glued joints. It was found that there was a correlation between the shear strength with the following characteristics: vessel diameter, wall width, length and width of the fiber, the width of the radius and total extractives content. For the percentage of wood failure, there was a correlation between this with the following characteristics: the frequency of vessels, thickness of the heat of fiber, and high frequency of lightning. Both the radial direction as in the longitudinal direction of the logs there was change in the values found for the measurement of the anatomical elements, the total amount of extractives, the shear test strength and the percentage of wood failure.

Acúmulo de ácido oxálico e cristais de cálcio em ectomicorrizas de eucalipto.: II- formação de cristais de oxalato de cálcio induzida por fungos ectomicorrízicos em raízes laterais finas Accumulation of oxalic acid and calcium crystals in ectomycorrhizas of eucalypt.: II- calcium oxalate crystal formation induced by ectomicorrhizal fungi in fine lateral roots

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jhon Alexander Zambrano Gonzalez

2009-06-01

Full Text Available O eucalipto é eficiente na aquisição de Ca do solo, mas pouco se sabe sobre a participação das ectomicorrizas e dos ácidos orgânicos nesse processo em campo. O acúmulo de cristais de Ca (CaOx foi avaliado em, aproximadamente, 2.100 raízes laterais finas e ectomicorrizas do híbrido de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, cultivado por 2,5 anos em área com topografia típica em meia laranja, com vertente côncavo-convexa, na região de Viçosa, MG. Técnicas de microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram usadas para a visualização dos CaOx. Em 73,7 % das raízes, ocorreu abundante acúmulo de drusas e grânulos de CaOx nas células do córtex. A presença conspícua de CaOx foi observada em 56,2 % das ectomicorrizas e em 17,5 % das raízes laterais finas não colonizadas, evidenciando o papel das micorrizas no acúmulo de Ca em eucalipto. A forma predominante dos CaOx foram as drusas nas ectomicorrizas e os grânulos cristalinos nas raízes. Os dez morfotipos de ectomicorrizas observados na área diferiram quanto à presença e à morfologia dos CaOx, o que pode representar distintas capacidades dos fungos ectomicorrízicos em fornecer Ca para a planta hospedeira. A análise da superfície do manto das ectomicorrizas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura não evidenciou a presença de CaOx nessa estrutura, confirmando que, nas condições avaliadas, o acúmulo de cristais limita-se ao córtex radicular. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de CaOx em ectomicorrizas de eucalipto no Brasil, com dados que comprovam que há mecanismos de armazenamento de Ca nas ectomicorrizas em áreas com baixa disponibilidade do elemento.Eucalypt is efficient at taking up Ca from the soil, however little is known about the contribution of ectomycorrhizas and organic acids to this process under field conditions. The accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals (CaOx was evaluated in, approximately, 2,100 fine lateral roots

Respuesta fotosintética de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill a la disponibilidad de agua en el suelo y a la intensidad de luz

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Sara Mejía de Tafur

2014-12-01

Full Text Available En condiciones de campo en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira (950 m.s.n.m., 24°C y 75% de humedad relativa se evaluó la respuesta fotosintética de cuatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis (28-3, 18-3, 24A-5, 19-1 al estrés hídrico: capacidad de campo (1 cc, 0.5 cc, 0.25 cc y a la saturación de agua e intensidades lumínicas variables de 1500, 1000, 500, 250, y 0 µmol/m²/s en el primer ensayo y de 1500, 1000, 435, 87, 70, 52, 35, 26, y 0 µmol/m²/s en el segundo. En ambos estudios, se utilizó un diseño experimental de parcelas divididas con cuatro repeticiones, donde la parcela principal correspondió al nivel de humedad en el suelo y la subparcela a los clones. El análisis estadístico mostró que E. grandis reduce la tasa de fotosíntesis de manera significativa cuando se presenta estrés hídrico en el suelo y que el grado de la respuesta depende del clon, lo que sugiere la presencia de mecanismos fisiológicos dependientes del genotipo para responder al estrés hídrico. Se presentaron curvas de luz típicas con puntos de compensación bajos (0.9 - 7.0 µmol/m²/s, tasas de fotosíntesis altas (68 - 39 µmol CO2 /m²/s y alta eficiencia fotosintética (0.0003 - 0.0086 mol CO2 /mol luz

Pre-Infection Stages of Austropuccinia psidii in the Epidermis of Eucalyptus Hybrid Leaves with Different Resistance Levels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renata Ruiz Silva

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Rust is a major Eucalyptus spp. disease, which is especially damaging for early-stage plants. The aim of this study was to verify the pre-infection process of Austropuccinia psidii (A. psidii in the leaves of three phenological stages of Eucalyptus clones with different resistance levels. Plants from the hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis (E. grandis with variable levels of resistance to this disease were used. The pathogen was inoculated in vitro on abaxial leaf discs of first, third, and fifth leaf stages and maintained under conditions suitable for disease development. Subsequently, samples from these discs were collected 24 and 120 h after inoculation and processed using scanning electron microscopy analysis. No symptoms were seen in any leaf stage of the resistant clone. Additionally, a low incidence of A. psidii germination (1.3–2% and appressoria (0–0.5% in three leaf stages was observed. However, the first leaf stage of the susceptible clone presented germination of large numbers of urediniospores (65% with appressoria (55% and degradation of the cuticle and wax. From the third stage, the percentage of germinated urediniospores (<15% and appressoria (<2% formation of this clone decreased. Protrusions on the leaf surface, associated with the pathogen, were observed on the first and third leaf stages of the resistant clone and on the fifth stage of the susceptible clone, suggesting a possible defensive plant reaction.

Variação do teor de umidade e da densidade básica na madeira de sete espécies de eucalipto Variation of the moisture content and specific gravity in the wood of seven eucalypt species

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Tarcísio da Silva Oliveira

2005-02-01

Full Text Available As variações de umidade e da densidade do lenho das árvores são as principais causas dos defeitos de secagem, como o empenamento e fendilhamento das peças de madeira. Os tipos de madeira presentes em um tronco estão relacionados com as variações dessas duas importantes propriedades físicas. Os gradientes de umidade e da densidade da madeira de sete espécies de eucalipto foram avaliados nas direções radial e longitudinal do tronco de árvores recém-abatidas. Os resultados apontaram uma maior homogeneidade de distribuição de umidade dentro das árvores de E. paniculata e E. citriodora, indicada pelos coeficientes de variação e desvio-padrão. O diferencial de umidade da madeira nas regiões internas do tronco de E. paniculata e E. citriodora foi de 20% e de E. urophylla e E. grandis, de 80%. A densidade básica da madeira aumentou na direção radial do tronco, e cada espécie de eucalipto apresentou um modelo de variação.The occurrence of high moisture and density gradients inside of the tree is related with drying defects, especially those characterized by warp and split of the wood. The unequal behavior of wood pieces due to variation of these two properties can be attributed to differences within the wood that constitutes the log. Considering the importance of knowing the moisture and density gradients in eucalyptus trees, this work had as objective evaluating the variations of the moisture content and specific gravity in the radial and longitudinal directions of the trees of seven eucalypts species. Based on the results concerning the moisture distribution inside the tree, there was a great homogeneity in the species of E. paniculata and E. citriodora, sustained by the low values of variation coefficient and standard deviation. In these species, the moisture differential among the inner and outer parts of the log rarely reached 20%, while for the logs of E. urophylla and E. grandis, this diferencial reached 80%. In spite of

Utilización de Eucalyptus spp. Alternativas de plantaciones uruguayas para pulpa Kraft

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Doldán

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Las plantaciones de Eucalyptus globulus han mostrado desiguales tasas de crecimiento en diferentes regiones de Uruguay. Esto ha motivado la búsqueda de otros orígenes de semilla y especies para la producción de pulpa de celulosa. Propiedades papeleras de las pulpas blanqueadas (ECF de especies alternativas llevan a intuir que podrían ser atractivas para mercados de pulpa de fibra corta. En este trabajo se realiza un comparativo del E. grandis, E. dunnii, E. maidenii y E. globulus (procedencia de semilla “Jeeralang” con el E. globulus predominante en Uruguay. Se discute el potencial de estas maderas como base para una mezcla en cocción, basándose en el análisis de propiedades físicas (densidad aparente básica, propiedades pulpables (rendimiento, carga de álcali activo en cocción Kraft y consumo de madera y propiedades papeleras. En trabajos previos se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre el comportamiento pulpable del Eucalyptus globulus y Eucalyptus maidenii, sugiriendo que nosería recomendable mezclar estas especies. La misma conclusión se podría extender a las especies de Eucalyptus estudiadas. Sin embargo, teniendo en cuenta los similares requerimientos en las cargas de álcali activo, la mezcla entre especies alternativas podría ser aplicada.AbstractEucalyptus globulus plantations have shown different growth rates in different sites in Uruguay. This fact has triggered the search for other pulp wood species and seed provenance. Paper making properties of ECF bleached pulps of alternative speciessuggest that these species could be perfectly used as hardwood bleached pulp raw materials. This study intends to compare alternativeUruguayan pulpwood species E. grandis, E. dunnii, E. maidenii and “Jeeralang” a seed provenance of E. globulus to the E. globulus most widely cultivated in the country. Physical properties of wood (Basic Density, Kraft pulping performance (pulp yield, active alkali and wood consumption

Evaluation of the use potential of nine species of genus Eucalyptus for production of veneers and plywood panels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Setsuo Iwakiri

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The objective of thisstudywas to evaluate the use potential of nine species of Eucalyptus for production of veneer sheets and multilaminated plywood panels. Veneers were cut using a pilot laminating lathe to a nominal thickness of 2.0 mm. Analysis included finding values of overall yield and yield according to three quality classes for the nine relevant species. Plywood panels were manufactured in a laboratory, consisting of five 2.0 mm veneer sheets which were bonded together with phenol-formaldehyde resin at a weight of 360 g/m2 (double line. The panels were compressed using a specific pressure of 10 kgf/cm2, a temperature of 140ºC and a pressing time of 10 minutes. Results indicated that, with the exception of E. phaeotricha and E. pellita, all other Eucalyptus species had above 50% average veneer yield after lamination. Results of glue line shear testing and static bending parallel and perpendicular demonstrated that species Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus viminalis, Eucalyptus robusta and Eucalyptus pellita have great potential within the parameters of this study for use in the production of veneer sheets and plywood panels intended for outdoor use.

Production and development of eucalyptus seedlings in function of doses of phosphorus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Henrique Tertulino Rocha

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the effect of phosphorus (P on the survival in the nursery and early development in the field of clonal Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments and five replicates of 30 plants per replicate. At the end of the cycle (90 days, 15 seedlings were used for determining the dry matter accumulation and nutrient concentration in the shoot. The rest was planted in the field to determine the percentage of survival and early development. The treatments consisted of four doses of P fertilization (0.0, 1.3, 2.6 and 5.2 mg plant-1. To obtain high quality seedlings in conditions similar to this experiment it is required doses of P in the range from 3.6 to 3.8 mg plant-1. Doses greater than 4 mg plant-1 affect the development and quality of eucalyptus seedlings. An adequate phosphorus fertilization of eucalyptus seedlings increase, by about 30%, the percentage of surviving seedlings in the field.

Frequência e riqueza de cupins em áreas de plantio de eucalipto no litoral norte da Bahia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria José Dias Sales

2010-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a frequência e a riqueza de espécies de cupins que ocorrem em áreas de reflorestamento com eucalipto. As amostras foram coletadas em três áreas de Eucalyptus recém-colhido, em dezembro de 2005, por meio de seis transectos de 100 m de comprimento por 2-m de largura, subdivididos em 20 parcelas (2x5 m contíguas. Cada parcela foi amostrada por uma hora por pessoa, e de cada subdivisão foram retiradas 12 amostras de 20x20x20 cm de profundidade, das quais foram coletadas 21-espécies de cupins, pertencentes a duas famílias e 16 gêneros. Dez espécies foram consideradas dominantes, todas da família Termitidae, das quais as de maior frequência foram Amitermes amifer e Nasutitermes corniger. O grupo funcional xilófago teve o maior número de espécies (11 e a maior frequência. Espécies conhecidas como pragas em eucalipto tiveram frequência abaixo do limite de dominância

Water erosion in soils under eucalyptus forest as affected by development stages and management systems Erosão hídrica em solos sob floresta de eucalipto em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento e sistemas de manejo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Hoffmann Oliveira

2013-04-01

Full Text Available The constant increasing of eucalyptus forest areas in Brazil requires an accurate monitoring of water erosion. The present study aimed to evaluate soil, nutrients and organic carbon losses occasioned by water erosion in eucalyptus planted forests (EPF at different development stages (2, 3 and 7 years old. Soil erosion sediments were measured and sampled from standard erosion plots installed on Red Argisol-RA (Ultisol and Haplic Cambisol-HC (Inceptisol. Soil loss decreased as the age of plants increased; at the beginning of plant development, the canopy barely covered the soil surface, exposing the soil to higher erosion at young EPF plantations. Furrow planting system was used in the Red Argisol area and caused higher soil losses (1.1 to 6.2 Mg ha-1 year-1 as compared to pit planting system that was used in the Cambisol area (1.1 Mg ha-1 year-1. It is known that Cambisol is less resistant to erosion than Argisol. However, using pit system in this EPF, resulted in lower erosion and, therefore, nutrients and carbon losses than the traditional furrow system used in Argisol. Concerning the soil loss, this work points to the need of improving soil conservation practices to prevent soil erosion at the earlier stages of eucalyptus plantation. The amount of calcium and potassium were higher than magnesium in the soil sediment.The relatively high amount of carbon found in the erosion sediments raises additional concerns about the environmental sustainability and deserves future research.O aumento constante das áreas de florestas de eucalipto no Brasil impõe um monitoramento acurado da erosão hídrica. No presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar as perdas de solo, nutrientes e carbono orgânico ocasionadas pela erosão hídrica em florestas plantadas de eucalipto em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento (2, 3 e 7 anos. Os sedimentos de erosão foram medidos e amostrados por parcelas-padrão instaladas em Argissolo Vermelho (Ultisol e Cambissolo H�

ESPECTRORRADIOMETRIA NA REGIÃO DO VISÍVEL E DO INFRAVERMELHO PRÓXIMO EM POVOAMENTO DE Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Catize Brandelero

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Reflectance readings in border and inner tree leaves in a Eucalyptus grandis stand, in São Pedro das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul state, were analyzed in the regions of the visible electromagnetic spectrum and the nearby infrared, by using spectrum radiometry. The area was divided in two parts: border and center stands. In order to collect the material, the crown was divided in three parts (superior, medium and inferior, so that it would be possible to differentiate the positions of leaf collections in each area. Three trees were sampled in each area, adding up to six trees, for each tree, 60 isolated leaves were collected, 20 in each position. The reflectance readings were carried out through FieldSpec®3 spectrum radiometer and the final results were segmented in the visible and nearby infrared spectral bands. The statistical analysis was made on the basis of several tests, among them Tukey HSD test, in order to compare the averages of the visible region, which, according to ANOVA, present significant differences. It is concluded that the collecting indicating class of leaves for the spectrum radiometric analysis in the visible region are preferably the 5 one (tree in the center, reading in the medium part and #3 one (border tree, reading superior part.

Eficiência relativa de fertilizantes fosfatados no crescimento inicial de eucalipto cultivado em solos do cerrado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J.L. Gava

1997-09-01

Full Text Available Tendo como objetivo avaliar a eficiência relativa do superfosfato simples (SS, fosfato parcialmente acidulado (FAPS e termofosfato magnesiano (TERM como fonte de P e outros nutrientes para o cultivo de plantações de eucalipto, em dois solos da região dos Cerrados, uma areia quartzosa (50 g kg-1 de argila álica e um latossolo vermelho-escuro (230 g kg-1 de argila álico, foi realizado este experimento, sob condições de casa de vegetação, na ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba (SP, em 1993. Subamostras do AQ receberam 0, 75, 150 e 300 mg kg-1 de P e, do LE, 0, 125, 250 e 500 mg kg-1 de P no solo. As doses de P foram estimadas com base na solubilidade dos adubos; SS e FAPS, em citrato de amônio, e TERM, em ácido cítrico 20 g L-1. Em cada vaso (5 kg de solo, deixou-se uma planta de Eucalyptus grandis por 90 dias após a emergência e desbaste das plântulas. Paralelamente ao experimento em casa de vegetação, subamostras de todos os tratamentos, com 2 kg de solo, foram incubadas no interior de sacos plásticos por 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 e 80 dias. Ao término de cada período de incubação, os solos eram amostrados e analisados. Mediante o cálculo de índices de eficiência relativa entre os adubos, verificou-se que o TERM foi superior 64% ao SS e 57% ao FAPS no solo AQ. No LE, o SS foi superior 55% ao TERM e 34% ao FAPS. O TERM foi a fonte de P que promoveu os maiores acréscimos do nível de fertilidade dos solos, com expressiva elevação do pH do solo, redução das concentrações de Al e aumento daquelas de Ca e Mg. Os ganhos de produção das mudas de eucalipto foram altamente correlacionados com a absorção de P, K, Ca, Mg e Zn. O TERM proporcionou as maiores absorções desses nutrientes no solo AQ e, as menores, de P, Ca e Zn no LE. As distintas respostas de crescimento para os adubos avaliados, em ambos os solos, sobretudo para TERM e SS, foram atribuídas, em grande parte, aos efeitos secundários das fontes de P sobre a fertilidade dos

Fungos filamentosos do solo da Ilha dos Eucaliptos na Represa do Guarapiranga em São Paulo, SP Filamentous fungi from the soil of the "Ilha dos Eucaliptos" in the "Represa do Guarapiranga" in São Paulo State, SP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valéria Barros dos Santos

1998-04-01

Full Text Available Foi estudada a diversidade dos fungos do solo da Ilha dos Eucaliptos na Represa do Guarapiranga em São Paulo, SP, sob floresta de Eucalyptus, mata de interseção e mata secundária remanescente, em duas épocas climáticamente distintas: março - época quente e úmida (verão e junho - época fria e seca (inverno de 1996. Os fungos filamentosos foram isolados pelos métodos da diluição em série e placa de solo. A similaridade entre as micotas foi estabelecida pelo índice de Sörensen. No total foram obtidos 44 táxons de fungos (Zygomycota, Ascomycota e fungos mitospóricos, distribuídos em 92 ocorrências. No solo sob a floresta de Eucalyptus spp. foram encontrados 20 táxons (31 ocorrências de fungos, no solo da interseção 32 táxons (38 ocorrências e no solo da mata secundária 16 táxons (23 ocorrências. Similaridade de 47% foi encontrada entre a micota do solo sob Eucalyptus com a da interseção, e desta com a micota da mata secundária. A micota do solo sob Eucalyptus e a da mata secundária apresentaram 39% de similaridade. Na época quente e úmida (verão a micota terrestre da Ilha foi composta por 26 táxons de fungos (47 ocorrências e na época fria e seca (inverno por 32 táxons (45 ocorrências, com 46% de similaridade entre ambas. Pela diluição em série foram isolados 33 táxons (60 ocorrências e pela técnica da placa de solo, 22 táxons (32 ocorrências. O número de colônias de fungos foi significativamente maior no solo da mata secundária, seguido pela vegetação de interseção e a floresta de Eucalyptus, independentemente da época de coleta. O possível efeito inibitório de Eucalyptus sobre a comunidade dos fungos do solo da Ilha pode ter sido expresso pela diminuição do número de colônias na área reflorestada, no entanto, não afetou a diversidade dos fungos, que se apresentou elevada nos três tipos de vegetação.The aim of the present study was to compare the diversity of the fungi in the soil

Produção de biomassa aérea e ciclagem de nitrogênio em consórcio de genótipos de Eucalyptus com Acacia mangium

OpenAIRE

Maureen Voigtlaender

2012-01-01

As plantações de eucalipto ocupam 20 milhões de hectares em solos altamente intemperizados. Plantações consorciadas de eucalipto com acácia têm potencial de melhorar a produtividade do povoamento, em relação às respectivas plantações homogêneas, através do efeito facilitador da fixação biológica de N pelas árvores de acácia. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do consórcio de genótipos de Eucalyptus com Acacia mangium sobre a produção da biomassa aérea de cada espécie e sobre a ciclagem de N. Qua...

Estrutura e armazenamento de água em um Argissolo sob pastagem cultivada, floresta nativa e povoamento de eucalipto no Rio Grande do Sul

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Eduardo Akiyoshi Sanches Suzuki

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Práticas pouco adequadas de manejo têm ocasionado a compactação e a degradação da estrutura do solo. Identificar atributos que melhor representem essas alterações são relevantes na recuperação e na indicação de práticas para evitar danos na estrutura do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar o impacto de diferentes usos em atributos estruturais e hídricos de um Argissolo Vermelho. O estudo foi realizado no município de Butiá, na região fisiográfica da Serra do Sudeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico. As áreas analisadas corresponderam a: floresta antropizada constituída por espécies arbóreas e arbustivas (Floresta; pastagem com cinco anos de idade, com braquiária brizanta (Brachiaria brizantha consorciada com pensacola (Paspalum lourai e trevo (Trifolium sp. (Pastagem; povoamento de Eucalyptus saligna com 20 anos de idade (Eucalipto 20; e plantio clonal de Eucalyptus saligna conduzido em segunda rotação, com 4,5 anos de idade (Eucalipto 4,5. Avaliaram-se nessas áreas a textura, a condutividade hidráulica, a porosidade, a densidade, o diâmetro médio ponderado de agregados (DMP, a curva de retenção de água, a distribuição do tamanho de poros e o parâmetro S, obtendo-se as seguintes conclusões: até a camada de 0,10 m na Pastagem, e 0,40 m no Eucalipto 4,5, os agregados foram formados pela ação da textura e matéria orgânica e pelo efeito compressivo, decorrente do pisoteio dos bovinos e da colheita do eucalipto. Conforme a profundidade aumentou, ocorreu redução do DMP de agregados, em razão da diminuição da matéria orgânica, e aumento do cascalho, especialmente para as áreas de Pastagem e Eucalipto 4,5, e ao menor efeito da compressão do solo. A textura e a matéria orgânica evidenciaram influência na agregação do solo e, mesmo em pequena proporção, o cascalho reduziu o DMP de agregados, pois sua baixa reatividade e seu maior diâmetro dificultaram a formação de

Acúmulo e distribuição de nutrientes em Eucalyptus grandis sob diferentes densidades populacionais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. P. Leite

1998-09-01

Full Text Available Em experimento realizado na região de Santa Bárbara (MG, avaliou-se o efeito da densidade populacional de plantas (DP sobre as relações nutricionais de Eucalyptus grandis. Os tratamentos consistiram de sete DP, variando de 500 a 5.000 plantas por ha-1. As avaliações, realizadas em julho de 1994, quando as plantas tinham 31 meses de idade, consistiram da coleta e análise química de amostras de tecidos vegetais dos componentes da parte aérea de uma árvore média de cada parcela e da serrapilheira. Determinaram-se as concentrações e calcularam-se os conteúdos e a eficiência de utilização de N, P, K, Ca, e Mg. As relações entre os conteúdos de P, N, K e Mg na biomassa da parte aérea, os coeficiente de utilização (CUB de P, Ca e Mg pelo tronco e a DP foram mais bem descritas por equações quadráticas. O conteúdo de Ca relacionou-se de modo linear, e os CUB de K e N não foram alterados com a DP. Analisando o balanço de nutrientes, observou-se que as quantidades de P disponível, K e Ca trocáveis existentes no solo (camada de 0 a 195 cm não seriam suficientes para suprir a demanda nutricional das plantas em um novo ciclo de crescimento, até a idade de 31 meses, em DP superiores a 833 árvores por ha-1.

Estimating foliar nitrogen in Eucalyptus using vegetation indexes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luiz Felipe Ramalho de Oliveira

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N has commonly been applied in Eucalyptus stands in Brazil and it has a direct relation with biomass production and chlorophyll content. Foliar N concentrations are used to diagnose soil and plant fertility levels and to develop N fertilizer application rates. Normally, foliar N is obtained using destructive methods, but indirect analyses using Vegetation Indexes (VIs may be possible. The aim of this work was to evaluate VIs to estimate foliar N concentration in three Eucalyptus clones. Lower crown leaves of three clonal Eucalyptus plantations (25 months old were classified into five color patterns using the Munsell Plant Tissue Color Chart. For each color, N concentration was determined by the Kjeldahl method and foliar reflectance was measured using a CI-710 Miniature Leaf Spectrometer. Foliar reflectance data were used to obtain the VIs and the VIs were used to estimate N concentrations. In the visible region, the relationship between N concentration and reflectance percentage was negative. The highest correlations between VIs and N concentrations were obtained by the Inflection Point Position (IPP, r = 0.97, Normalized Difference Red-Edge (reNDVI, r = 0.97 and Modified Red-Edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (mNDI, r = 0.97. Vegetation indexes on the red edge region provided the most accurate estimates of foliar N concentration. The reNDVI index provided the best N concentration estimates in leaves of different colors of Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis and Eucalyptus urophylla × urophylla (R2 = 0.97 and RMSE = 0.91 g kg−1.

A importância das plantações de eucalipto na conservação da biodiversidade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vagner de Araujo Gabriel

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Nas últimas décadas a expansão de plantações de Eucalyptus sp. foi notável no Brasil, destacando-se no cenário mundial. Diversos estudos revelam que tais plantações, especialmente aquelas respaldadas por instrumentos de certificação, podem trazer benefícios de cunho social e ambiental. Este trabalho apresenta dados coletados no período de 2002 a 2011 sobre a riqueza de plantas, aves e mamíferos em fazendas de plantação de eucalipto no Brasil. Discute-se sobre a importância dessas fazendas na conservação da biodiversidade, em que já foram registradas diversas espécies de plantas arbustivo-arbóreas, aves e mamíferos de médio e grande porte, respectivamente. Foi registrada a ocorrência de regeneração de plantas ameaçadas de extinção nos talhões de eucalipto: Araucaria angustifolia, Couratari asterotricha, Buchenavia hoehneana, Dalbergia nigra, Ocotea catharinensis e Ocotea porosa. Quanto às espécies da fauna ameaçadas de extinção, a águia-cinzenta (Urubitinga coronata, o chauá (Amazona rhodochorytha, o lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus, o tamanduá (Myrmecophaga tridactyla e a anta (Tapirus terrestris já foram observados. Plantações florestais e fragmentos compostos por vegetação secundária figurarão entre os principais elementos das paisagens tropicais futuras. Desta forma, não se pode negligenciar a contribuição das plantações de eucalipto na conservação da biodiversidade.

Alocação de nutrientes em plantios de eucalipto no Brasil Nutrient allocation in eucalypt plantations in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reynaldo Campos Santana

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Práticas de manejo florestal podem alterar a exportação de nutrientes do sítio. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar o conteúdo de nutrientes em árvores de eucalipto, em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Avaliou-se a influência de algumas características climáticas na produção e no conteúdo de nutrientes na biomassa, utilizando-se o banco de dados do Programa de Pesquisa em Solos e Nutrição de Eucalipto do Departamento de Solos - UFV. As características climáticas foram um importante componente dos modelos. A produção de biomassa e o conteúdo de nutrientes foram positivamente relacionados entre si e ambos foram menores nas regiões com menor disponibilidade de água. As estimativas apontaram que até à idade de 4,5 anos pós-plantio acumulam-se as maiores proporções de nutrientes (68 % do N, 69 % do P, 67 % do K, 63 % do Ca e 68 % do Mg para a idade de corte de 6,5 anos. Isto indica que, após 4,5 anos, o potencial de resposta à aplicação de fertilizantes é menor. O conteúdo estimado de nutrientes acumulados na copa e na casca representou 65, 70, 64, 79 e 79 %, de N, P, K, Ca e Mg, respectivamente, até 6,5 anos de idade. Assim, a colheita apenas do lenho representa expressiva redução na exportação desses nutrientes proporcionando maior sustentabilidade da produção nas plantações de eucalipto.Forest management practices can alter nutrient exportation from the site. The purpose of this study was to estimate nutrient contents in the aboveground biomass of eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. The influence of key climatic variables on eucalypt productivity and nutrient content was evaluated, using the database from the Reserch Programa on Soil and Eucalyptus Nutrition of the Soil Science, Departament - Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Climatic characteristics were an important component of the models. In regions with low water availability the nutrient accumulation in aboveground biomass as

Uncovering the defence responses of Eucalyptus to pests and pathogens in the genomics age.

Science.gov (United States)

Naidoo, Sanushka; Külheim, Carsten; Zwart, Lizahn; Mangwanda, Ronishree; Oates, Caryn N; Visser, Erik A; Wilken, Febé E; Mamni, Thandekile B; Myburg, Alexander A

2014-09-01

Long-lived tree species are subject to attack by various pests and pathogens during their lifetime. This problem is exacerbated by climate change, which may increase the host range for pathogens and extend the period of infestation by pests. Plant defences may involve preformed barriers or induced resistance mechanisms based on recognition of the invader, complex signalling cascades, hormone signalling, activation of transcription factors and production of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins with direct antimicrobial or anti-insect activity. Trees have evolved some unique defence mechanisms compared with well-studied model plants, which are mostly herbaceous annuals. The genome sequence of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden has recently become available and provides a resource to extend our understanding of defence in large woody perennials. This review synthesizes existing knowledge of defence mechanisms in model plants and tree species and features mechanisms that may be important for defence in Eucalyptus, such as anatomical variants and the role of chemicals and proteins. Based on the E. grandis genome sequence, we have identified putative PR proteins based on sequence identity to the previously described plant PR proteins. Putative orthologues for PR-1, PR-2, PR-4, PR-5, PR-6, PR-7, PR-8, PR-9, PR-10, PR-12, PR-14, PR-15 and PR-17 have been identified and compared with their orthologues in Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. The survey of PR genes in Eucalyptus provides a first step in identifying defence gene targets that may be employed for protection of the species in future. Genomic resources available for Eucalyptus are discussed and approaches for improving resistance in these hardwood trees, earmarked as a bioenergy source in future, are considered. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Micromorfologia foliar na análise da fitotoxidez por glyphosate em Eucalyptus grandis Leaf micromorphology in the analysis of glyphosate toxicity in Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L.D. Tuffi Santos

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Foram avaliados os efeitos da deriva de formulações comerciais de glyphosate sobre a superfície foliar e o crescimento de clones de eucalipto. Mudas de seis clones foram submetidas a 129,6 g ha-1 de glyphosate das formulações comerciais Scout®, Roundup NA®, Roundup transorb® e Zapp QI®. Entre os clones não foram identificadas diferenças quanto à tolerância ao glyphosate. Plantas expostas à deriva simulada de Roundup transorb® e Zapp QI® apresentaram, respectivamente, a maior e menor porcentagem de intoxicação. Observou-se menor massa seca em plantas expostas ao glyphosate, independentemente da formulação, e menor altura naquelas expostas ao Scout® e ao Roundup transorb®. As características quantitativas da superfície foliar não foram afetadas pelo glyphosate. As alterações micromorfológicas ocorreram na ausência de danos visíveis e foram observadas em ambas as faces da epiderme, em todos os clones avaliados. Danos como erosão e aspecto amorfo das ceras epicuticulares e infestação por hifas fúngicas ocorreram, independentemente da formulação utilizada. A avaliação anatômica da superfície foliar foi relevante para descrição e interpretação dos danos causados pelo glyphosate. Os dados de crescimento e de intoxicação indicam o Zapp QI® como a formulação de menor risco para a cultura do eucalipto quanto aos efeitos indesejáveis da deriva.The effects of commercial glyphosate drift on the leaf surface and growth of eucalypt clones were evaluated. Seedlings of six clones were submitted to 129.6 g ha-1 sub-rate of commercial glyphosate formulations Scout®, Roundup NA®, Roundup transorb® and Zapp QI®. No differences in tolerance to glyphosate were observed among the clones. Plants exposed to simulated drift of Roundup transorb® and Zapp QI® presented the highest and lowest intoxication percentages, respectively. Plants exposed to glyphosate reduced dry biomass, regardless of the formulation, and also

Vesicular-arbuscular-/ecto-mycorrhiza succession in seedlings of. Eucalyptus spp. Sucessão de micorrizas vesicular-arbuscular e ectomicorrizas em mudas de Eucalyptus spp.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vera Lúcia dos Santos

2001-06-01

Full Text Available The occurrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM and ectomycorrhizae (ECM in the same root system was observed when species of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake, E. citriodora Hook f., E. grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, E. cloeziana F. Muell. and E. camaldulensis Dehnh were simultaneously inoculated with Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gederman and Pisolithus tinctorius (Per. Cocker & Couch, isolate Pt 90A. The succession between the two fungi was observed. In general ectomycorrhizal colonization increased followed by a decrease in AM. Pisolithus tinctorius was favored in simultaneous inoculation with G. etunicatum, and the positive effect of the simultaneous inoculation of both fungi in the percent colonization by the AM fungus occurred up to 60 days after inoculation. After 120 days, colonization of roots by G. etunicatum decreased in the presence of P. tinctorius. When inoculated simultaneously, the proportion of AM and ECM varied with evaluation time, while the combined percentage of mycorrhizal roots approached the maximum and remained more or less constant after 60 days, suggesting that there could be competition between the fungi for limiting substrate. The maximum percent mycorrhizal colonization varied with Eucalyptus species and the highest value was observed for E. camaldulensis, followed in order by E. citriodora, E. urophylla, E. grandis and E. cloeziana.A ocorrência de micorrizas arbusculares (AM e ectomicorrizas (ECM no mesmo sistema radicular foi observada quando Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake, E. citriodora Hook F., E. grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, E. cloeziana F. Muell e E. camaldulensis Dehnh foram inoculadas simultaneamente com Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gederman and Pisolithus tinctorius (Per. Cocker & Couch. A sucessão entre os dois fungos foi observada. De modo geral, o aumento da colonização ECM foi acompanhado de um decréscimo em AM. A inoculação simultânea resultou em percentagens de colonização diferenciadas das

Heartwood and sapwood in eucalyptus trees: non-conventional approach to wood quality.

Science.gov (United States)

Cherelli, Sabrina G; Sartori, Maria Márcia P; Próspero, André G; Ballarin, Adriano W

2018-01-01

This study evaluated the quality of heartwood and sapwood from mature trees of three species of Eucalyptus, by means of the qualification of their proportion, determination of basic and apparent density using non-destructive attenuation of gamma radiation technique and calculation of the density uniformity index. Six trees of each species (Eucalyptus grandis - 18 years old, Eucalyptus tereticornis - 35 years old and Corymbia citriodora - 28 years old) were used in the experimental program. The heartwood and sapwood were delimited by macroscopic analysis and the calculation of areas and percentage of heartwood and sapwood were performed using digital image. The uniformity index was calculated following methodology which numerically quantifies the dispersion of punctual density values of the wood around the mean density along the radius. The percentage of the heartwood was higher than the sapwood in all species studied. The density results showed no statistical difference between heartwood and sapwood. Differently from the density results, in all species studied there was statistical differences between uniformity indexes for heartwood and sapwood regions, making justifiable the inclusion of the density uniformity index as a quality parameter for Eucalyptus wood.

Can the Understory Affect the Hymenoptera Parasitoids in a Eucalyptus Plantation?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Onice Teresinha Dall'Oglio

Full Text Available The understory in forest plantations can increase richness and diversity of natural enemies due to greater plant species richness. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the presence of the understory and climatic season in the region (wet or dry can increase the richness and abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoids in Eucalyptus plantations, in the municipality of Belo Oriente, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In each eucalyptus cultivation (five areas of cultivation ten Malaise traps were installed, five with the understory and five without it. A total of 9,639 individuals from 30 families of the Hymenoptera parasitoids were collected, with Mymaridae, Scelionidae, Encyrtidae and Braconidae being the most collected ones with 4,934, 1,212, 619 and 612 individuals, respectively. The eucalyptus stands with and without the understory showed percentage of individuals 45.65% and 54.35% collected, respectively. The understory did not represent a positive effect on the overall abundance of the individuals Hymenoptera in the E. grandis stands, but rather exerted a positive effect on the specific families of the parasitoids of this order.

Can the Understory Affect the Hymenoptera Parasitoids in a Eucalyptus Plantation?

Science.gov (United States)

Dall’Oglio, Onice Teresinha; Ribeiro, Rafael Coelho; Ramalho, Francisco de Souza; Fernandes, Flávio Lemes; Wilcken, Carlos Frederico; de Assis Júnior, Sebastião Lourenço; Rueda, Rosa Angélica Plata; Serrão, José Eduardo; Zanuncio, José Cola

2016-01-01

The understory in forest plantations can increase richness and diversity of natural enemies due to greater plant species richness. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the presence of the understory and climatic season in the region (wet or dry) can increase the richness and abundance of Hymenoptera parasitoids in Eucalyptus plantations, in the municipality of Belo Oriente, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. In each eucalyptus cultivation (five areas of cultivation) ten Malaise traps were installed, five with the understory and five without it. A total of 9,639 individuals from 30 families of the Hymenoptera parasitoids were collected, with Mymaridae, Scelionidae, Encyrtidae and Braconidae being the most collected ones with 4,934, 1,212, 619 and 612 individuals, respectively. The eucalyptus stands with and without the understory showed percentage of individuals 45.65% and 54.35% collected, respectively. The understory did not represent a positive effect on the overall abundance of the individuals Hymenoptera in the E. grandis stands, but rather exerted a positive effect on the specific families of the parasitoids of this order. PMID:26954578

Uso de bovinos e de ovinos como agentes de controle da vegetação nativa sob três populações de eucalipto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Costa Varella

1999-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cinco sistemas de controle da vegetação nativa e os danos provocados por bovinos e ovinos em três populações de eucalipto. O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdivididas, com dois blocos completos. Os tratamentos foram: a três densidades de Eucalyptus saligna Smith. (204, 400 e 816 árvores/ha nas parcelas principais e b cinco sistemas de controle da vegetação nativa (sem controle, herbicida pré-emergente, herbicidas pré e pós-emergentes, pastejo com bovinos e com ovinos nas subparcelas. O pastejo com bovinos ou ovinos foi mais eficiente na redução da vegetação nativa que nos demais tratamentos. Os bovinos danificaram mais as árvores que os ovinos. Existe estreita relação entre a altura das mudas de eucalipto e os danos causados pelos bovinos e ovinos no momento da introdução destes animais no sub-bosque.

Produção de chapas de partículas orientadas “OSB” de Eucalyptus grandis com diferentes teores de resina, parafina e composição em camadas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Setsuo Iwakiri

2003-01-01

Full Text Available This paper was carried out aiming to evaluate the influence of the following processing variables on the properties of OSB: face to core layer ratios of 30-40-30 and 20-60-20 in relation to a single layer; phenol-formaldehyde resin content of 3, 4.5 and 6.0% and addition of 0.5 or 1.0% of wax sizing. The results showed that the boards composed of face to core layer ratios of 20-60-20, presented the better balance in static bending tests, both in the machine and cross-machine directions. The application of 4.5 and 6.0% of resin resulted in better physical and mechanical properties of the OSB. The OSB produced with Eucalyptus grandis, and 4.5 and 6.0% of phenol-formaldehyde resin were in compliance with values of the mechanical properties of the Canadian Standards CSA 0437-0 (1993.

Acúmulo de Nutrientes na Biomassa e na Serapilheira de Eucalyptus grandis em Função da Aplicação de Lixo Urbano e de Nutrientes Minerais Nutrient Accumulation in Eucalyptus grandis Biomass and Litter Using Urban Waste and Mineral Fertilizer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guilherme de Castro Andrade

2011-03-01

Full Text Available

Biomass in monospecific and mixed stands of eucalyptus and black wattle and corn in an agroforestry system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Márcio Viera

2011-06-01

Full Text Available This study aimed at quantifying the production and distribution of aboveground biomass from the plants in monospecific and mixed stands of eucalyptus (hybrid E. urophylla x E. grandis and black wattle (Acacia mearnsii and, of corn (Zea mays in agrosilvicultural systems. The biomass evaluation (leaf, branch, bark and wood from the forest species at 6 and 18 months of age were performed at the treatments: 100E (100% of eucalyptus + corn; - 100A (100% of black wattle + corn; - 50E:50A (50% of eucalyptus + 50% of black wattle + corn. The corn biomass evaluation (stem, leaves, straw, cob and grains was performed at treatments 100E; 100A; 50E:50A; 75E:25A (75% of eucalyptus + 25% of black wattle + corn; and - 25E:75A (25% of eucalyptus + 75% of black wattle + corn. The biomass production from eucalyptus and from the black wattle, in both monospecific and mixed planting, did not differ in any of the assessed ages but, when evaluated by plants compartments, it was verified an interspecific competitive interaction from the eucalyptus on the black wattle, reducing the formation of crown biomass. The total production of corn biomass in agrosilvicutural systems with eucalyptus and with black wattle in monospecific or mixed plantings did not differ in the studied treatments.

Caracterização de Danos de Gryllus sp. em Plantas de Eucalipto, em Laboratório Characterization of Mischief of Gryllus sp. in Plants of Eucalyptus, in Laboratory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Rodrigues Barbosa

2010-02-01

Full Text Available

Objetivou-se caracterizar os danos de Gryllus sp. em plantas de E. grandis, em laboratório. Avaliaram-se três grupos de plantas: grupo 1 – com 7 dias e 2,5 mm de diâmetro médio; grupo 2 – com 49 dias e 3,3 mm de diâmetro e grupo 3 –com 80 dias e 5,7 mm de diâmetro. Utilizaram-se para cada grupo 12 plantas individualizadas em gaiolas com um casal de grilos, por 15 dias. Avaliaram-se diariamente a ausência de danos, sinais de mastigação superficiais, sinais de mastigação profundos e corte do caule. O diâmetro e a idade das mudas afetaram a manifestação e intensidade dos danos de grilos nas plantas.

Doi: 10.4336/2009.pfb.59.63

Bactérias extremófilas facultativas melhorando a germinabilidade de sementes de Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. blake

OpenAIRE

Marques, Eder; Aquiles, Kleiton Rodrigues; Blum, Luiz Eduardo Bassay; Uesugi, Carlos Hidemi

2014-01-01

Neste estudo, avaliou-se o efeito da microbiolização de sementes com bactérias extremófilas facultativas (Bacillus sp. e Enterobacter sp.), isoladas, em trabalhos anteriores, a partir de condições extremas de pH e NaCl e capazes de levar ao incremento na fitomassa de eucalipto, na germinação de Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake. Para avaliar a germinabilidade, foram mensurados o tempo médio, a velocidade e o coeficiente de velocidade de germinação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente c...

Genomic Characterization of DArT Markers Based on High-Density Linkage Analysis and Physical Mapping to the Eucalyptus Genome

Science.gov (United States)

Petroli, César D.; Sansaloni, Carolina P.; Carling, Jason; Steane, Dorothy A.; Vaillancourt, René E.; Myburg, Alexander A.; da Silva, Orzenil Bonfim; Pappas, Georgios Joannis; Kilian, Andrzej; Grattapaglia, Dario

2012-01-01

Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) provides a robust, high throughput, cost-effective method to query thousands of sequence polymorphisms in a single assay. Despite the extensive use of this genotyping platform for numerous plant species, little is known regarding the sequence attributes and genome-wide distribution of DArT markers. We investigated the genomic properties of the 7,680 DArT marker probes of a Eucalyptus array, by sequencing them, constructing a high density linkage map and carrying out detailed physical mapping analyses to the Eucalyptus grandis reference genome. A consensus linkage map with 2,274 DArT markers anchored to 210 microsatellites and a framework map, with improved support for ordering, displayed extensive collinearity with the genome sequence. Only 1.4 Mbp of the 75 Mbp of still unplaced scaffold sequence was captured by 45 linkage mapped but physically unaligned markers to the 11 main Eucalyptus pseudochromosomes, providing compelling evidence for the quality and completeness of the current Eucalyptus genome assembly. A highly significant correspondence was found between the locations of DArT markers and predicted gene models, while most of the 89 DArT probes unaligned to the genome correspond to sequences likely absent in E. grandis, consistent with the pan-genomic feature of this multi-Eucalyptus species DArT array. These comprehensive linkage-to-physical mapping analyses provide novel data regarding the genomic attributes of DArT markers in plant genomes in general and for Eucalyptus in particular. DArT markers preferentially target the gene space and display a largely homogeneous distribution across the genome, thereby providing superb coverage for mapping and genome-wide applications in breeding and diversity studies. Data reported on these ubiquitous properties of DArT markers will be particularly valuable to researchers working on less-studied crop species who already count on DArT genotyping arrays but for which no reference

Genomic characterization of DArT markers based on high-density linkage analysis and physical mapping to the Eucalyptus genome.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César D Petroli

Full Text Available Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT provides a robust, high throughput, cost-effective method to query thousands of sequence polymorphisms in a single assay. Despite the extensive use of this genotyping platform for numerous plant species, little is known regarding the sequence attributes and genome-wide distribution of DArT markers. We investigated the genomic properties of the 7,680 DArT marker probes of a Eucalyptus array, by sequencing them, constructing a high density linkage map and carrying out detailed physical mapping analyses to the Eucalyptus grandis reference genome. A consensus linkage map with 2,274 DArT markers anchored to 210 microsatellites and a framework map, with improved support for ordering, displayed extensive collinearity with the genome sequence. Only 1.4 Mbp of the 75 Mbp of still unplaced scaffold sequence was captured by 45 linkage mapped but physically unaligned markers to the 11 main Eucalyptus pseudochromosomes, providing compelling evidence for the quality and completeness of the current Eucalyptus genome assembly. A highly significant correspondence was found between the locations of DArT markers and predicted gene models, while most of the 89 DArT probes unaligned to the genome correspond to sequences likely absent in E. grandis, consistent with the pan-genomic feature of this multi-Eucalyptus species DArT array. These comprehensive linkage-to-physical mapping analyses provide novel data regarding the genomic attributes of DArT markers in plant genomes in general and for Eucalyptus in particular. DArT markers preferentially target the gene space and display a largely homogeneous distribution across the genome, thereby providing superb coverage for mapping and genome-wide applications in breeding and diversity studies. Data reported on these ubiquitous properties of DArT markers will be particularly valuable to researchers working on less-studied crop species who already count on DArT genotyping arrays but for

THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HEARTWOOD AND SAPWOOD OF EUCALYPTUS GRANDIS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bekir Cihad BAL

2012-12-01

Full Text Available In this study, some of the physical propertiesof heartwood and sapwood of Eucalyptus grandisgrown in Karabucak, Turkey were determined. Thephysical properties determined were air-drieddensity, oven-dried density, basic density, shrinkage,swelling, fiber saturation point, and maximummoisture content. According to the test results, thephysical properties of the heartwood samplesdiffered from those of the sapwood samples due tothe presence of high proportion of juvenile wood inthe heartwood. It can be said that the shrinkage andswelling percentages were better for heartwood thansapwood. Air-dried density, oven-dried density, andbasic density of sapwood were higher than those ofheartwood.

Validation of reference genes from Eucalyptus spp. under different stress conditions

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moura Jullyana Cristina Magalhães Silva

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The genus Eucalyptus consists of approximately 600 species and subspecies and has a physiological plasticity that allows some species to propagate in different regions of the world. Eucalyptus is a major source of cellulose for paper manufacturing, and its cultivation is limited by weather conditions, particularly water stress and low temperatures. Gene expression studies using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR require reference genes, which must have stable expression to facilitate the comparison of the results from analyses using different species, tissues, and treatments. Such studies have been limited in eucalyptus. Results Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Eucalyptus urograndis (hybrid from Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake X Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex-Maiden and E. uroglobulus (hybrid from E. urograndis X E. globulus were subjected to different treatments, including water deficiency and stress recovery, low temperatures, presence or absence of light, and their respective controls. Except for treatment with light, which examined the seedling hypocotyl or apical portion of the stem, the expression analyses were conducted in the apical and basal parts of the stem. To select the best pair of genes, the bioinformatics tools GeNorm and NormFinder were compared. Comprehensive analyses that did not differentiate between species, treatments, or tissue types, showed that IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase, SAND (SAND protein, ACT (actin, and A-Tub (α-tubulin genes were the most stable. IDH was the most stable gene in all of the treatments. Conclusion Comparing these results with those of other studies on eucalyptus, we concluded that five genes are stable in different species and experimental conditions: IDH, SAND, ACT, A-Tub, and UBQ (ubiquitin. It is usually recommended a minimum of two reference genes is expression analysis; therefore, we propose that IDH and two others genes among the five identified

PRODUTIVIDADE E CUSTOS DO PROCESSADOR TRABALHANDO EM POVOAMENTOS DE Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Cardoso Machado

1999-12-01

Full Text Available No presente trabalho foi realizado um estudo de tempos com o objetivo de ajustar equações para estimar o tempo das atividades, a produtividade, o custo operacional e da produção do processador utilizado em um sistema de colheita de madeira de povoamentos de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, em topografia plana, no Estado da Bahia. O ciclo operacional do processador consistiu no tempo gasto para processar uma árvore e foi dividido em etapas as quais foram cronometradas, usando a metodologia dos tempos individuais. A unidade amostral foi constituída do ciclo operacional da máquina. A análise estatística baseou-se em estudo de regressão, sendo utilizado o procedimento de modelagem de regressão "stepwise". Com as equações ajustadas, foi possível estimar a produtividade da máquina em função do diâmetro das árvores. Nas condições do estudo, considerando uma eficiência operacional de 70%, a produtividade do processador foi de 25,8 m³cc/h, o custo operacional 47,90 US$/h e o custo de produção de 1,86 US$/m³cc. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que: o tempo de processamento das árvores varia diretamente com o aumento do diâmetro; o tempo de preparação, ao contrário do tempo de processamento, possui uma baixa correlação com o diâmetro das árvores; a produtividade do processador é diretamente proporcional ao aumento do diâmetro das árvores, quando expressa em volume, e inversamente proporcional, quando expressa em número de árvores; o custo por metro cúbico de madeira processada com processador, varia numa relação inversa ao aumento do diâmetro; do custo operacional do processador, o custo fixo é o de maior proporção, seguido do custo variável, administrativo e da mão-de-obra; e, o custo de produção do processador diminui em forma exponencial com o aumento do diâmetro das árvores.

Effect of age on calorific value and some mechanical properties of three Eucalyptus species grown in Ethiopia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mulugeta Lemenih; Tsegaye Bekele [Wondo Genet College of Forestry, Shashemene (Ethiopia)

2004-09-01

The effect of age on calorific value, specific gravity, modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of three plantation grown Eucalyptus species in the south-central highlands of Ethiopia was investigated. The species investigated were Eucalyptus globulus Labill., E. saligna Sm. and E grandis W. Hill ex Maid. The investigation was made on sample trees taken from age sequences of stands of the three species. Calorific values were determined on sample discs taken at 4, 8, 12 and 16 m up the stems of the sample trees. Calorific values were also determined for heartwood and sapwood of each disc separately. Specific gravity, MOR and MOE were investigated on a 1 -m long sample log taken from the butt end of each sample tree. The results showed that there was no significant difference in calorific values between the three species when considering a similar age category. Similarly, there was no significant difference in calorific values between disc positions and wood types (heartwood versus sapwood) within species. However, calorific values tend to increase along the tree stem towards the treetop for each of the three species. Correlation between calorific values of each disc position and tree age was generally weak and dominantly negative for E. saligna and E. globulus, but positive for E. grandis. On the other hand, there was a weak but positive correlation between tree age and specific gravity and MOR for the three species. MOE was almost non-correlated with age. Generally, the results showed that waiting for older ages for the three Eucalyptus species may not further increase their calorific values. Hence, stands of the three Eucalyptus species can be harvested and used for fuelwood at an early age as traditionally managed on short-rotation basis. (author)

Eficiência de fungicidas sistêmicos no controle da ferrugem do Eucalyptus Efficacy of systemic fungicides in controlling Eucalyptus rust

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edival Ângelo Valverde Zauza

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos curativo e protetor e o tempo de absorção de fungicidas sistêmicos no controle da ferrugem do eucalipto. Azoxyztrobin, triadimenol, tetraconazole, tebuconazole e epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin apresentaram 100% de ação curativa quando aplicados até quatro dias após a inoculação. Aplicados após sete dias, apenas azoxystrobin, tebuconazole e epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin mantiveram o efeito curativo. Aos 10 dias depois da inoculação, os fungicidas reduziram a infecção, mas não controlaram totalmente a doença. Além do efeito curativo, azoxystrobin e triadimenol proporcionaram efeito protetor quando aplicados até 21 dias antes da inoculação de P. psidii. Avaliou-se o tempo mínimo de absorção de azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, triadimenol e trifloxystrobin. Esses quatro fungicidas foram absorvidos pela planta em todos os intervalos testados - 30, 60, 90 e 120 min - e inibiram a infecção de P. psidii em mudas de eucalipto.Curative and protective effects of systemic fungicides (azoxystrobin, triadmenol, tetraconazole, tebuconazole and the mixture epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin against eucalyptus rust were evaluated. To evaluate the curative effect, eucalyptus plants were sprayed with an inoculum suspension (2 x 10(4 urediniospores /mL and with each fungicide after 0, 4, 7, or 10 days. For the protective effect, the plants were sprayed with each fungicide and with the inoculum suspension after 0, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days. The number of pustules/leaf, sori/foliar area, and urediniospores/sorus was determined on the first two apical leaves. The best curative effect was achieved with azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin, and triadimenol, since the number of sori/foliar area and urediniospores/sorus was reduced when applied up to 7 days after inoculation. Regarding protective effect, azoxystrobin and triadimenol were the most effective fungicides, as no pustules formed on the leaves up to 21

MANEJO DE RESIDUOS DE Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden EN SITIOS CONTRASTANTES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Maria Lupi

2017-01-01

Full Text Available En la región NE de Argentina existe poca información sobre el impacto que tienen las diferentes alternativas de manejo de residuos de la cosecha forestal sobre las propiedades edáficas. En este estudio se analizó el efecto a corto plazo de sistemas de manejo de residuos de la cosecha de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, sobre la concentración del carbono orgánico total del suelo (COT y la fracción particulada (COP, su estado estructural y la conductividad hidráulica saturada. El estudio se desarrolló en dos sitios de la Provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina, en un suelo Aquic Hapluderts (S1 y en un Fluventic Hapludolls (S2. Se aplicaron los siguientes tratamientos: 1. Extracción total de residuos (ER, 2. Conservación de residuos (CR, 3. Quema de residuos-testigo (QR, 4. Doble adición de residuos (DAR. El muestreo de suelos en las profundidades 0-5 cm y 5-10 cm se realizó a los 18 (S1 y a los 22 (S2 meses de aplicar los tratamientos. En el corto plazo, el efecto de los tratamientos dependió del tipo de suelo y de la variable analizada. Los contrastes más importantes se debieron al efecto de las características intrínsecas del suelo sobre el tamaño de los agregados y la conductividad hidráulica saturada. La conservación de residuos no aumentó la concentración de COT ni modificó la calidad de la materia orgánica medida a partir de COP. El suelo Aquic Hapluderts presentó agregados más grandes, más estables y una mayor K sat en comparación con el Fluventic Hapludolls. En el Aquic Hapluderts se observó una mayor conductividad hidráulica saturada en los tratamientos con conservación de los residuos (DAR y CR, debido a que la cobertura preservaría el sistema poroso en la interfase suelo-atmosfera. El Fluventic Hapludolls fue menos estable y los tratamientos no modificaron significativamente el tamaño de los agregados ni la conductividad hidráulica saturada . Considerando que las características del sitio tienen efectos

Características fisiológicas e crescimento de clones de eucalipto em resposta ao boro Physiological characteristics and dry matter production of eucalyptus in response to boron

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edson Marcio Mattiello

2009-10-01

Full Text Available A exigência para boro (B varia largamente entre e dentro das espécies vegetais. Objetivando avaliar a resposta de clones de eucalipto ao B em solução nutritiva foi realizado ensaio em casa de vegetação com oito clones. As plantas cresceram em soluções nutritivas com 0, 10, 20, 50 e 100 µmol/L de B, durante 70 dias. Na finalização do ensaio determinaram-se características fisiológicas, produção de matéria seca e teores de B no tecido vegetal. Houve resposta diferenciada dos clones à concentração de B na solução nutritiva, com máxima produção de matéria seca entre 28 e 69 µmol/L de B. Em baixas concentrações de B, pôde-se observar sintomas visuais de deficiência e, em altas concentrações, não foram observados sintomas de toxidez, porém houve redução na produção de matéria seca. A resposta do eucalipto ao B na solução nutritiva depende do clone, havendo diferenças entre eles na tolerância à deficiência e toxidez e na eficiência de utilização de B. Os clones 68 e 129 apresentaram as mais elevadas taxas de fotossíntese. O clone 3487 foi o mais responsivo ao B. Os clones 3487, 3336 e 68 foram mais sensíveis à deficiência e os clones 3281 e 1270 os mais tolerantes à deficiência. O clone 2486 foi o mais sensível à toxidez e o clone 3281 o mais tolerante. Os clones 3487, 2486 e 129 foram mais eficientes na utilização de B.Boron (B requirement for plant growth varies both within and among plant species. In order to evaluate the response of clones of eucalyptus to B in nutrient solution, an experiment was carried out under glasshouse conditions, with eight clones. Plants were grown in nutrient solutions at B concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 µmol/L for 70 days, after which, physiological variables, dry matter production and boron content were determined. There was a differential response of the eucalyptus clones to the concentration of boron in nutrient solution with maximum dry matter

Eucalyptus production and the supply, use and efficiency of use of water, light and nitrogen across a geographic gradient in Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Jose Luiz Stape; Dan Binkley; Michael G. Ryan

Millions of hectares of Eucalyptus are intensively managed for wood production in the tropics, but little is known about the physiological processes that control growth and their regulation. We examined the main environmental factors controlling growth and resource use across a geographic gradient with clonal E. grandis x urophylla in north-eastern Brazil. Rates of...

Antifungal Activity of Eucalyptus Oil against Rice Blast Fungi and the Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression Pattern.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Li-Jun; Li, Fu-Rong; Huang, Li-Jie; Yang, Zhi-Rong; Yuan, Shu; Bai, Lin-Han

2016-05-12

Eucalyptus oil possesses a wide spectrum of biological activity, including anti-microbial, fungicidal, herbicidal, acaricidal and nematicidal properties. We studied anti-fungal activities of the leaf oil extracted from Eucalyptus. grandis × E. urophylla. Eleven plant pathogenic fungi were tested based on the mycelium growth rates with negative control. The results showed that Eucalyptus oil has broad-spectrum inhibitory effects toward these fungi. Remarkable morphological and structural alterations of hypha have been observed for Magnaporthe grisea after the treatment. The mRNA genome array of M. grisea was used to detect genes that were differentially expressed in the test strains treated by the Eucalyptus oil than the normal strains. The results showed 1919 genes were significantly affected, among which 1109 were down-regulated and 810 were up-regulated (p 2). According to gene ontology annotation analysis, these differentially expressed genes may cause abnormal structures and physiological function disorders, which may reduce the fungus growth. These results show the oil has potential for use in the biological control of plant disease as a green biopesticide.

Avaliação de bactérias extremófilas facultativas na produção de fitomassa do híbrido "urograndis" de eucalipto, a partir de sementes

OpenAIRE

Marques,Eder; Uesugi,Carlos Hidemi

2013-01-01

Atualmente, a árvore mais plantada no Brasil é o Eucalyptus spp., ocupando 81,6% das florestas plantadas. Sua produtividade em 2009 foi de 44,2 m³ de eucalipto com casca/ha, gerando aproximadamente 46.850 empregos diretos. Estudos de bactérias benéficas, como as Rizobactérias Promotoras de Crescimento de Plantas (RPCPs), vêm sendo desenvolvidos há mais de um século. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar estirpes de bactérias extremófilas facultativas que possuam potencial na promoção de crescimento...

Avaliação da atividade fungitóxica de óleos essenciais de folhas de Eucalyptus sobre Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea e Bipolaris sorokiniana Fungitoxic activity evaluation of essential leaf oils of Eucalyptus on Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea and Bipolaris sorokiniana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Paula Soares P. Salgado

2003-04-01

Full Text Available A maioria das plantas são resistentes aos diferentes patógenos, e essa resistência pode estar relacionada à existência de compostos fungistáticos naturalmente produzidos. Com o presente trabalho, avaliou-se a atividade fungitóxica de óleos essenciais de eucaliptos. Os óleos foram obtidos de folhas dos eucaliptos mediante arraste a vapor de água, utilizando o aparelho de Clevenger modificado. Nos ensaios biológicos, foram empregados os fitopatógenos Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea e Bipolaris sorokiniana. O crescimento dos microorganismos na presença de diferentes concentrações de óleo (5, 50 e 500 mg/Kg, usando os meios de cultura BDA (Batata-Dextrose-Ágar e PCA (Batata-Cenoura-Ágar, foi avaliado. Nas concentrações de 500 mg/Kg dos óleos, foram observadas inibições significativas no crescimento micelial das espécies fúngicas, após período de 7 dias. No entanto, o óleo essencial de Eucalyptus urophylla foi o que apresentou maior ação fungitóxica, que foi atribuída à presença do composto denominado globulol, ausente no E.camaldulensis e no E. citriodora.Most plants are resistant to different pathogens and this resistance may be related to the existence of naturally produced fungistatic components. The present work evaluated the fungitoxic activity of essential oils from three eucalyptus species. The essential oils were obtained from eucalyptus leaves by steam distillation using a modified Clevenger apparatus. The phytopatogens Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea and Bipolaris sorokiniana were employed in the biological tests. The growth of fungi in the presence of different concentrations of oil (5, 50, and 500 mg/kg, using BDA (Potato-Dextrose-agar and PCA (Potato-Carrot-agar culture media were evaluated. Significant inhibition of the micelial growth of the fungal species was observed at the concentration of 500 mg/kg of oil after a period of seven days. The essential oil of Eucalyptus urophylla showed the

Fertilization during the establishment of a Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation in the northern Brazilian Amazon = Adubação no estabelecimento de um plantio de Eucalyptus camaldulensis na Amazônia setentrional brasileira

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruna de Freitas Iwata

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Forestry plantations should be regarded as an alternative sustainable land-use system in degraded savannah areas. They contribute to the maintenance of productive processes in degraded soils that are of economic importance for local inhabitants; in addition, in the ecological sense, timber and non-timber products from planted forests reduce the exploitation pressure on native forests. Eucalyptus plantations on degraded savannahs in the northern Brazilian Amazon may help to reduce exploitation pressure on native forests. However, there is no information regarding the nutrients rates that would allow faster eucalyptus growth in that region. A trial was installed in an Yellow Latosol (Oxisol soil type adopting a one-half-type fractionalfactorial design with four rates of N, P, and K. Functions were adjusted for the dependent variables height, diameter at breastheight (DBH, leaf tissue nutrient content, and soil-chemical attributes. Interaction N versus K was observed on tree heightwith a maximum of 7.8 m recorded at 200 kg ha-1 of N and 50 kg ha-1 of K. Phosphorus fertilization promoted greater DBH growth with maximum value at 120 kg ha-1 of P; however, the highest gain was obtained at 30 kg ha-1 of P. The NPK rates that maximized Eucalyptus camaldulensis growth were 200, 30, and 50 kg ha-1, respectively. Plantações de eucalipto, em áreas de lavrado degradadas na Amazônia Setentrional brasileira, devem contribuir para diminuir a pressão de exploração em florestas nativas. Porém, não há informações sobre as doses de nutrientes que permitem o rápido crescimento do eucalipto nesta região. Um experimento para avaliar a resposta à adubação do Eucalyptus camaldulensis foi instalado em Latossolo Amarelo, adotando o delineamento fatorial fracionário com quatro doses de nitrogênio (N, fósforo (P e potássio (K. Funções foram ajustadas para as seguintes variáveis dependentes: altura, diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP, conteúdo de

Impacto do manejo de resíduos orgânicos durante a reforma de plantios de eucalipto sobre indicadores de qualidade do solo Impact of organic residue management on soil quality indicators during replanting of eucalypt stands

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guilherme Montandon Chaer

2007-12-01

priorizaram a conservação dos resíduos orgânicos por ocasião da reforma do povoamento. Contrariamente, as áreas onde ocorreu a remoção ou a queima do material orgânico da superfície do solo foram as que mais se distanciaram da área de referência. Esses resultados demonstram que o sistema de manejo adotado na reforma dos povoamentos de eucalipto analisados influencia, em médio prazo, o potencial dos solos de estocar e ciclar nutrientes por meio da biomassa microbiana e das atividades bioquímicas ligadas a ela. A maior aproximação entre a área com vegetação nativa e a de eucalipto com 11 anos leva a supor que ciclos mais longos nas florestas de eucalipto, contrastando com o padrão atualmente em uso no Brasil (cerca de sete anos, pode ser relevante para se manter a sustentabilidade da atividade florestal em longo prazo, a despeito de uma menor produtividade média anual. Nesse caso, a opção pela produtividade de curto ou médio prazo, ou pela sustentabilidade do uso do solo, com a conseqüente manutenção da sua qualidade para as gerações futuras, poderá ser repensada a partir dos dados aqui apresentados.Agricultural soil use induces changes in soil physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics. These changes can eventually lead to a loss of soil quality and a consequent reduction in plant growth and productivity. The analysis of biochemical and microbiological soil quality indicators is relevant to monitor changes in soil quality and in the performance of key soil functions, such as the capacity of nutrient cycling and storage. This study reports on physical, chemical, and biochemical/microbiological quality indicators of soil under eucalyptus plantation, evaluated 5.5 years after the site had undergone different management practices during stand replanting. Evaluations were based on the determination of 18 physical or chemical besides 12 biochemical or microbiological attributes that are considered soil quality indicators. The

AVALIAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DE PAINÉIS MDF DE MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus grandis CONFECCIONADOS EM LABORATÓRIO E EM LINHA DE PRODUÇÃO INDUSTRIAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ugo Leandro Belini

2010-01-01

Full Text Available MDF panels of Eucalyptus grandis wood fibers were made in either experimentally in a laboratory or on an industrial production line. In order to analyze the influence of the production condition, the anatomical, physical and mechanical properties of the panels were determined. The wood refining induced the transversal rupture of the transversal fiber wall. The MDF panels obtained from the industrial production line presented less swelling in thickness and absorption values and improved mechanical properties in the requirements of bending strength, module of elasticity and surface resistance. For laboratory MDF panels, it was possible to verify a statistically significant correlation between bending strength and module of elasticity, medium density and internal bond and swelling in thickness and absorption. This tendency was also true for the MDF panels obtained in real conditions of production, however without statistical significance. By comparing the quality properties of MDF panels produced in the laboratory with those obtained in real conditions of production, it was sought to standardize the established variables for obtaining panels on a small scale, as well to make possible the safe transfer and divulgation of information obtained in the laboratory.

Características ambientais determinantes da capacidade produtiva de sítios cultivados com eucalipto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. A. Braga

1999-06-01

Full Text Available A análise discriminante foi utilizada com o objetivo de identificar as características ambientais determinantes da qualidade de sítios florestais da região do mar de morros, no Médio Rio Doce (MG. Cinqüenta e oito unidades de amostra, com 480 m² (20 x 24 m, de povoamentos de Eucalyptus grandis com 5,5 anos de idade, implantados em dezembro de 1987, espaçamento 3 x 2 m, foram agrupadas em três classes de sítio. O projeto ocupa área de 1.465 ha no município de São João Evangelista (MG. Há predomínio de Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico ou álico textura média a argilosa fase floresta subperenifólia relevo forte ondulado e montanhoso, associado com Latossolo Câmbico e Latossolo Regossólico, formado sobre embasamento granito-gnaisse do Grupo Paraíba. Um modelo discriminante com duas funções lineares foi gerado, observando o grau de acerto na classificação das parcelas nas classes de sítio originais. As variáveis incluídas no modelo foram selecionadas por procedimento Stepwise, tendo como critério de seleção a maximização da Distância Generalizada de Mahalanobis. O modelo classificou corretamente 86,2% das parcelas. As oito características ambientais incluídas no modelo foram: altitude, pedoforma, declividade, radiação solar, floculação de argila (0-20 cm, relação silte/argila (40-60 cm e relação cálcio/soma de bases trocáveis (0-20 e 40-60 cm. Destacaram-se as características fisiográficas, que representam, indiretamente, fatores de ação direta sobre o crescimento do povoamento, devendo ser observadas, prioritariamente, na seleção de áreas para implantação e manutenção de florestas comerciais de eucalipto.

Influencia del cambio climático en los escenarios del futuro sobre plantaciones de Eucalipto Influence of climate change on future scenarios on Eucalyptus plantations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yhasmin Paiva Rody

2012-09-01

Full Text Available El género Eucalyptus presenta gran potencial con fines comerciales y es la especie de árbol más plantada en Brasil. Las perspectivas del cambio climático en las proyecciones futuras del IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indican que se pueden producir pérdidas significativas en las actividades agrícolas y forestales. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las zonas aptas para plantaciones de Eucalyptus grandis, sobre la base de datos climatológicos y de relieve en los escenarios futuros. El trabajo fue desarrollado en la provincia del Espirito Santo (ES-Brasil. Fueron utilizadas las normales de clima obtenidas de estaciones pluviométricas. El balance de agua se calculó por el método de Tornthwaite y Mather. Se estimó la temperatura con base en los datos de latitud y altitud. Se utilizaron los datos SRTM para obtener la altitud y la declividad para las zonas de mecanización agrícola. Para la interpolación de los datos se utilizó el método del inverso del cuadrado de la distancia. Los datos de escenarios futuros se obtuvieron del modelo HADCM3 del IPCC en escenarios A (pesimista y B (optimista estimados para los años de 2020, 2050 y 2080. Se estima que las zonas aptas para plantaciones se redujeron en ambos escenarios, llegando a la reducción de 71,7% y 82,5% en el escenario A y B, respectivamente para el año de 2080. El déficit de agua actuó como un factor limitante en la plantación. Deben llevarse a cabo nuevos estudios relacionando la aptitud de la especie en el contexto del cambio climático.The genus Eucalyptus presents a large commercial potential and it is the arboreal species most planted in Brazil. Perspectives of climate change in the future projections of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change indicate that productivity losses may occur in diverse agricultural and forestry crops. The objective of this study was to determine the zones apt for planting of eucalyptus based on relief and

Cinética de absorção e eficiência nutricional de K+, Ca2+ e Mg2+ em plantas jovens de quatro clones de eucalipto Uptake kinetics and nutritional efficiency for K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in four eucalypt clones seedlings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Augusto Miguel Nascimento Lima

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Modelos mecanísticos baseados em princípios de transporte de solutos pode ser de grande utilidade para prever os impactos do cultivo de florestas plantadas, por exemplo, com eucalipto sobre o capital e fluxo de nutrientes no solo. Dentre as variáveis de entrada demandadas por tais modelos, tem-se os valores das constantes Vmax, Km e Cmin da cinética de absorção iônica. Assim, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram determinar os valores de Vmax, Km e Cmin para K, Ca e Mg, bem como avaliar as respectivas eficiências nutricionais de clones de eucalipto. O estudo consistiu de três ensaios em solução nutritiva (um para cada cátion, sendo utilizadas mudas propagadas vegetativamente de um híbrido de E. grandis x E. urophylla (clone 1213 e de três híbridos de E. grandis (clones 7074, 57 e 129. Com base nos teores de cada um desses nutrientes nas soluções de depleção, em cada tempo de amostragem, no volume inicial e final de solução nos vasos e no peso de matéria fresca de raízes, foram obtidos os valores das constantes cinéticas. Para K, o clone 7074 apresentou o menor valor de Vmax em relação aos demais clones, os quais não diferiram entre si, e em relação ao Km e Cmin, os clones não diferiram estatisticamente. Para Ca, os clones estudados diferiram quanto ao valor de Vmax e Km, não diferindo, entretanto, para o Cmin. Os menores valores de Km para Mg foram verificados para os clones 57 e 7074, ou seja, as proteínas transportadoras de Mg na membrana plasmática das células radiculares apresentaram maior afinidade para esse nutriente. Contudo, os valores de Vmax e Cmin não diferiram entre os clones estudados. Diferenças na eficiência nutricional dos clones estudados quanto a K e a Ca foram devidas às diferenças na eficiência de absorção, e para Mg às diferenças na eficiência de absorção e de utilização.The use of mechanistic models based on principles of solute transport may be of great utility to estimate

EFEITO DA APLICAÇÃO DO POTÁSSIO, DO SÓDIO E DA DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA NA DENSIDADE APARENTE A 12% DE UMIDADE DO LENHO JUVENIL DE ÁRVORES DE Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vinicius Resende Castro

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Expressive area of forest plantations fast-growing of eucalyptus in Brazil and in other regions of the world is under the influence of climate change, water stress and low soil fertility, affecting the growth and the quality of the wood from the trees. This study aimed to evaluate the apparent density at 12% relative humidity of the wood of Eucalyptus grandis trees with 12, 24 and 36 months, with reduced rainfall and nutrition K and Na. The treatments were defined by two water regimes (100% and 66% of rainfall, with artificial reduction with polyethylene sheeting and three types of nutrition: K (K - 4.5 kmol/ha, N (Na - 4.5 kmol/ha and control. The apparent density of the samples of diameter at breast height was determined by densitometry profile from digital images of rays X. The results indicated a significant difference in nutrition treatments and water availability in relation to the density of the wood. The radial apparent density profiles showed higher differences in the wood from the third year of evaluation. Digital images of the wood obtained by X-rays allowed to analyze the variation of the apparent density of the wood. Work results may be used as subsidies for the adoption of silvicultural practices in forest plantations in areas with water stress and/or affected by climate change as well as the partial replacement of K by Na.

Wood density and anatomy of three Eucalyptus species: implications for hydraulic conductivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barotto, A.J.; Monteoliva, S.; Gyenge, J.; Martínez-Meier, A.; Moreno, K.; Tesón, N.; Fernández, M.E.

2017-01-01

Aim of the study: To characterize wood anatomical traits of three Eucalyptus species that differ in wood density and ecological requirements, and to examine the relationships between some anatomical features, wood density, and theoretical xylem hydraulic conductivity (Ks). Area of study: We analyzed 86 trees from three sites of Argentina (Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires Provinces). Methods: The sampled trees were Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis and E. viminalis ranging from 11 to 15 years old. One stem disc was cut from each tree to determine wood density and identify quantitative anatomical features of vessels and fibers. Vessel composition (S, size - to-number ratio, a measure of vessel size distribution) and lumen fraction (F, the total sapwood area available for water transport) were estimated. Results: E. grandis, the species with the highest growth rates, presented the highest theoretical Ks. This was associated with anatomical features such as a high density of wide vessels resulting in high F. On the other hand, E. viminalis, the species with the lowest growth rates and highest resistance to environmental stress, showed lower Ks as a result of a low density of wide vessels. These two species differed not only greatly in wood density but also in fiber characteristics. In the case of E. globulus, vessels were relatively narrow, which resulted in the lowest theoretical Ks, fibers were small, and wood density intermediate. Research highlights: F had greater influence on Ks than S. The anatomical characteristics and wood density could only partly explain the differential growth or resistance to stress of the studied species.

Wood density and anatomy of three Eucalyptus species: implications for hydraulic conductivity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio J. Barotto

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Aim of the study: To characterize wood anatomical traits of three Eucalyptus species that differ in wood density and ecological requirements, and to examine the relationships between some anatomical features, wood density, and theoretical xylem hydraulic conductivity (Ks. Area of study: We analyzed 86 trees from three sites of Argentina (Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires Provinces. Methods: The sampled trees were Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis and E. viminalis ranging from 11 to 15 years old. One stem disc was cut from each tree to determine wood density and identify quantitative anatomical features of vessels and fibers. Vessel composition (S, size - to-number ratio, a measure of vessel size distribution and lumen fraction (F, the total sapwood area available for water transport were estimated. Results: E. grandis, the species with the highest growth rates, presented the highest theoretical Ks. This was associated with anatomical features such as a high density of wide vessels resulting in high F. On the other hand, E. viminalis, the species with the lowest growth rates and highest resistance to environmental stress, showed lower Ks as a result of a low density of wide vessels. These two species differed not only greatly in wood density but also in fiber characteristics. In the case of E. globulus, vessels were relatively narrow, which resulted in the lowest theoretical Ks, fibers were small, and wood density intermediate. Research highlights: F had greater influence on Ks than S. The anatomical characteristics and wood density could only partly explain the differential growth or resistance to stress of the studied species.

Wood density and anatomy of three Eucalyptus species: implications for hydraulic conductivity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barotto, A.J.; Monteoliva, S.; Gyenge, J.; Martínez-Meier, A.; Moreno, K.; Tesón, N.; Fernández, M.E.

2017-11-01

Aim of the study: To characterize wood anatomical traits of three Eucalyptus species that differ in wood density and ecological requirements, and to examine the relationships between some anatomical features, wood density, and theoretical xylem hydraulic conductivity (Ks). Area of study: We analyzed 86 trees from three sites of Argentina (Entre Ríos and Buenos Aires Provinces). Methods: The sampled trees were Eucalyptus globulus, E. grandis and E. viminalis ranging from 11 to 15 years old. One stem disc was cut from each tree to determine wood density and identify quantitative anatomical features of vessels and fibers. Vessel composition (S, size - to-number ratio, a measure of vessel size distribution) and lumen fraction (F, the total sapwood area available for water transport) were estimated. Results: E. grandis, the species with the highest growth rates, presented the highest theoretical Ks. This was associated with anatomical features such as a high density of wide vessels resulting in high F. On the other hand, E. viminalis, the species with the lowest growth rates and highest resistance to environmental stress, showed lower Ks as a result of a low density of wide vessels. These two species differed not only greatly in wood density but also in fiber characteristics. In the case of E. globulus, vessels were relatively narrow, which resulted in the lowest theoretical Ks, fibers were small, and wood density intermediate. Research highlights: F had greater influence on Ks than S. The anatomical characteristics and wood density could only partly explain the differential growth or resistance to stress of the studied species.

The effect of plantation silviculture on soil organic matter and particle-size fractions in Amazonia O efeito de manejo silvicultural de eucalipto sobre matéria orgânica e frações de solo na Amazônia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Troy Patrick Beldini

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Eucalyptus grandis and other clonal plantations cover about 3.5 million ha in Brazil. The impacts of intensively-managed short-rotation forestry on soil aggregate structure and Carbon (C dynamics are largely undocumented in tropical ecosystems. Long-term sustainability of these systems is probably in part linked to maintenance of soil organic matter and good soil structure and aggregation, especially in areas with low-fertility soils. This study investigated soil aggregate dynamics on a clay soil and a sandy soil, each with a Eucalyptus plantation and an adjacent primary forest. Silvicultural management did not reduce total C stocks, and did not change soil bulk density. Aggregates of the managed soils did not decrease in mass as hypothesized, which indicates that soil cultivation in 6 year cycles did not cause large decreases in soil aggregation in either soil texture. Silt, clay, and C of the sandy plantation soil shifted to greater aggregate protection, which may represent a decrease in C availability. The organic matter in the clay plantation soil increased in the fractions considered less protected while this shift from C to structural forms considered more protected was not observed.Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a dinâmica dos agregados do solo e das suas frações derivadas dos mesmos em duas texturas de solo, cada uma com uma plantação de Eucalipto e uma floresta primaria imediatamente adjacente. Eucalyptus grandis e outros clones cultivados em plantações cobrem aproximadamente 3,5 milhões de hectares no Brasil. Os impactos de manejo intensivo de plantações de rotação curta sobre a estrutura de solo e a dinâmica de carbono (C são em grande parte desconhecidos em ecossistemas tropicais. No longo prazo, a sustentabilidade desses sistemas é provavelmente ligada à manutenção da matéria orgânica e à estrutura de agregação do solo, principalmente em áreas de solos de baixa fertilidade. Manejo silvicultural n

Ciclagem e balanço de nutrientes no sistema solo-planta em um plantio de Eucalyptus sp., no Distrito Federal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alcides Gatto

2014-06-01

Full Text Available As espécies do gênero Eucalyptus são as mais plantadas no mundo, tornando-se solução para diminuir a pressão sobre as florestas nativas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a biomassa seca e sua distribuição nos diferentes compartimentos das árvores (folhas, galhos, casca, lenho e raízes, bem como examinar o conteúdo de macronutrientes dela e o balanço de nutrientes no sistema solo-planta, em um plantio de Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis, aos 60 meses de idade, na Fazenda Água Limpa, no Distrito Federal. Os dados foram obtidos de três árvores de eucalipto, que foram cubadas rigorosamente e tiveram as raízes escavadas até a profundidade de 60 cm. Esses dados foram submetidos à análise estatística pela correlação de Pearson. Grande parte da biomassa seca das árvores foi verificada no compartimento lenho (69,19 %, seguido de raízes (10,15 %, galhos (9,75 %, casca (6,06 % e folhas (4,85 %. Os maiores teores de macronutrientes foram detectados nas folhas (N = 13,55 g kg-1; P = 1,33 g kg-1; K = 8,52 g kg-1; Ca = 7,12 g kg-1; Mg = 2,44 g kg-1; e S = 1,76 g kg-1, enquanto o lenho apresentou os menores (N = 1,73 g kg-1; P = 0,23 g kg-1; K = 0,34 g kg-1; Ca = 0,20 g kg-1; Mg = 0,03 g kg-1; e S = 0,43 g kg-1. A ordem dos conteúdos totais de macronutrientes verificada para a parte aérea foi: N > K > Ca >S > Mg > P, enquanto para as raízes, N > Ca > K > Mg > S > P. As raízes são responsáveis por acumular aproximadamente 11,90 % dos nutrientes contidos na biomassa das árvores; essa quantidade diminui com o aumento da profundidade. O balanço de nutrientes indica que P e S não são suficientes para um novo ciclo da floresta.

Isolamento e seleção de fungos causadores da podridão-branca da madeira em florestas de Eucalyptus spp. com potencial de degradação de cepas e raízes Isolation and screening of wood white rot fungi from Eucalyptus spp. forests with potential for use in degradation of stumps and roots

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sandra Kunieda de Alonso

2007-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou isolar fungos causadores da podridão-branca da madeira, a partir de basidiocarpos e de fragmentos de madeira de eucalipto coletados em várias regiões do país, bem como testar seu potencial de degradação de cepas e raízes mortas em plantios comerciais de eucalipto, após o corte raso. Para o isolamento dos fungos foi desenvolvido um meio de cultura de serragem de eucalipto-ágar. Dentre 292 isolados obtidos e submetidos ao teste de Bavendamm, 144 foram classificados como causadores de podridão-branca, capazes de produzir fenoloxidases. Dentre as nove relações C/N testadas, observou-se uma tendência de ocorrer maior degradação de cavacos naquelas iguais a 60 : 1, 200 : 1 e 300 : 1. Utilizando a relação C/N igual a 60 : 1, realizaram-se dois experimentos para avaliar a degradação de cavacos de Eucalyptus saligna por isolados fúngicos de podridão-branca. No primeiro experimento, avaliado aos 90 dias de incubação, foram selecionados sete isolados, que causaram perda de peso em cavacos superior ou igual à causada por Trametes versicolor, usado para comparação. No segundo experimento foram testados 46 isolados fúngicos. Dentre os mais eficientes estavam os sete isolados selecionados no primeiro teste, além de outros quatro isolados. Baseado na análise de DNA, seis isolados foram identificados, sendo três pertencentes à espécie Pycnoporus sanguineus, um ao gênero Peniophora sp., um ao gênero Pestalotiopsis sp. e um ao gênero Ganoderma sp.The aim of this work was to isolate native wood white-rot fungi from fungal fruit-bodies and eucalyptus wood fragments from different regions of Brazil and to test their potential for degrading dead stumps and roots in Eucalyptus plantings after harvest. Fungi isolates were obtained in a culture medium composed by Eucalyptus sawdust and agar. Among 292 isolates submitted to the Banvedamm test, 144 were classified as phenoloxidases producing isolates. Among nine C

Três métodos de cálculo do DRIS para avaliar o potencial de resposta à adubação de árvores de eucalipto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. G. S. Wadt

1998-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar o efeito de três métodos de cálculo do DRIS no diagnóstico nutricional de árvores de eucalipto, resultantes da interpretação dos índices pelo método do potencial de resposta à adubação. Para tanto, foram obtidas informações dos teores dos nutrientes em quatro órgãos (folhas, galhos, casca e lenho de 1.986 árvores de híbridos de Eucalyptus grandi s x E. urophylla, coletadas, entre os anos de 1988 a 1994, de talhões comerciais pertencentes à Aracruz Celulose S.A. e cultivados no Espírito Santo e no sul da Bahia, utilizando os métodos de Jones, Elwali & Gascho e da Faixa de Beaufils. Dentre os métodos testados, o das Faixas de Beaufils mostrou-se o mais conservador e muito semelhante ao método de Elwali & Gascho quanto à freqüência de nutrientes considerados deficientes. O método de Jones foi o que apresentou maior freqüência de nutrientes considerados deficientes, não se tendo observado, entretanto, efeito da seleção das relações no cálculo dos índices DRIS sobre a freqüência de nutrientes considerados deficientes. A utilização do critério do potencial de resposta à adubação para a interpretação dos índices DRIS conduz a resultados semelhantes entre os métodos, de forma que qualquer deles poderia vir a ser utilizado com relativa segurança, sem grandes conseqüências no diagnóstico nutricional da maioria dos nutrientes e das situações.

GROWTH AND ARCHITECTURE OF ROOT SYSTEMS OF PLANTS OF Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. GRANDIS AND E. PELLITA WERE EVALUATED AFTER THE PLANTING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Sérgio dos Santos Leles

2001-01-01

Full Text Available The seedlings were produced according to two methodologies: pressed blocks and stiff plastic tubes. A mixture of decomposed sugar-cane bagasse (60% and industrial sugar-cane plant residues (40% were used as substrate. The blocks were made by pressing the humid substrate in metallic moulds with the dimensions of 60 x 40 x 20 cm (lenght, width and height and pressure of 10 kgf/cm2 for 15 minutes. Under this load the blocks height was reduced to 10 cm. They were placed in wooden boxes with screen bottom. The stiff plastic tubes had circular section 12 cm high, with volume capacity of 50 cm3. The seeds were sown in the blocks 5 cm apart, by means of a spatula. At the end of nursey phase, the seedlings were planted the field. After 2, 6 and 10 months of planting, the height and the diameter at the ground level were evaluated. At the age of 10 months it was also evaluated the number of laterals root and deformatiom cofficient the three plants for treatment. Two months after planting, the plants originated from the pressed blocks showed growth highly signifficant in relation to those of the stiff plastic tubes. At 10 months, of age only Eucalyptus grandis seedlings showed significant difference concerning to height and diameter at the ground level between plants produced by pressed blocks and stiff plastic tubes. For the three species, the pressed blocks seedling showed higher number of lateral roots and smaller number of root deformation coefficents in comparision to the plants from the stiff tubes.

FITOTOXICIDADE DE HERBICIDAS PRÉ EMERGENTES EM MUDAS CLONAIS DE EUCALIPTO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivan da Costa Ilhéu Fontan

2016-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a fitotoxicidade de herbicidas pré emergentes sobre mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla, de modo a subsidiar recomendações de uso em condições de campo. O trabalho foi conduzido em viveiro de eucalipto localizado em Curvelo/MG, utilizando-se os herbicidas pré emergentes isoxaflutole, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone e clomazone + carfentrazone-ethyl, simulando uma taxa de 200 l/ha de calda. O experimento foi estabelecido em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 15 repetições. A sensibilidade dos clones foi avaliada por meio da incidência e da severidade dos sintomas de intoxicação foliar nas mudas, verificadas um, cinco e dez dias após a aplicação. Os herbicidas isoxaflutole e flumioxazin não provocaram reações adversas às mudas, permitindo sua utilização sobre as plantas. Já a pulverização de sulfentrazone e clomazone + carfentrazone-ethyl provocou a manifestação de sintomas de fitotoxicidade (manchas foliares e murcha apical, e desta forma, sua aplicação não é recomendada sobre as mudas, e seu uso deve ser limitado entre as atividades de preparo de solo e plantio.

Eucalipto : ambiente, desarrollo y usos de la madera en Argentina

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Acosta, Martín

2010-01-01

La Universidad de Huelva, a través del Centro de Investigación y Documentación del Eucalipto (CIDEU), organizó el viernes 29 de octubre de 2010 una conferencia impartida por el ingeniero de Montes Martín Sánchez Acosta y titulada "Aspectos ambientales y socioeconómicos del uso de la madera del eucalipto". La conferencia fue retrasmitida on-line.

CONTROLE DE TOMBAMENTO EM SEMENTES DE EUCALIPTO MEDIANTE PULVERIZAÇÕES COM FUNGICIDAS DAMPING OFF CONTROL IN EUCALYPTUS NURSERIES BY FUNGICIDE SPRAYING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raimundo Ney de Macedo Lima

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

O incremento do reflorestamento e florestamento mediante o estímulo fiscal aumentou consideravelmente o plantio do eucalipto no Brasil, criando a necessidade de se produzir mudas em grande quantidades. Freqüentemente a ocorrência de tombamento de mudas, em pré ou pós-emergência, afetam os cronogramas de plantio, acarretando a morte de milhares de plântulas. No presente trabalho procurou-se verificar o efeito de sete fungicidas, aplicados em pulverizaçao a alto volume, no controle do tombamento causado por Cylindroctadium sp. e Fusarium sp. em mudas E. saligna Sm. nas sementeiras. O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. As sementes foram desinfectadas com Neantina seco a 0,3% e o leito da sementeira foi tratado com Brometo de metila (40ml/m² e depois inoculado com Cylindroctadium sp Fusarium sp. em meio de fubá-areia. Observou-se que os tratamentos mais eficientes no controle do tombamento foram Arasan — 75 a 0,3%, Cupravit azul a 0,4% e Miltox a 0,35% enquanto que o Batasan a 0,15% foi o mais fitotóxico. As plântulas apresentaram melhor aspecto vegetativo nas parcelas tratadas com Ferradol a 0,25%. A elevada densidade de semeadura (50g/m² e a ocorrência de tempo húmido e chuvoso parecem ter concorrido grandemente para a severa incidência do tombamento.

The increment of the growth of tree conservation by means of official incentive, greatly intensified the planting of eucalyptus in Brazil, creating the necessity of producing seedlings in great quantities. Frequently the incidence of damping - off in the seedbed, in pre or post-emergence, affect the chronogram of planting, causing death of thousands of plantules. In the present experiment, it was attempted to determine the effect of seven fungicides, applied by spray at high volume, on the control of

Propriedades físicas e mecânicas de painéis LVL de Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hernando Alfonso Lara Palma

2011-01-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar as propriedades físicas e mecânicas de painéis LVL (Laminated veneer lumber confeccionados com lâminas de Eucalyptus grandis, provenientes de reflorestamentos da região de Sengés, Paraná - Brasil. Foram confeccionados painéis LVL de 23 lâminas, de dimensões comerciais de 2500 mm de comprimento, 1200 mm de largura e espessura nominal de 50 mm (lâminas de 2,4 mm. Em vigas retiradas dos painéis LVL foram analisadas as propriedades de flexão estática (rigidez e resistência, nas condições de menor inércia (flatwise e de maior inércia (edgewise, compressão paralela, cisalhamento paralelo nos planos L-X e L-Y e densidade, atendendo às prescrições das normas ASTM-D 5456/4761 e ASTM-D 198/143. Os valores médios obtidos para o módulo de elasticidade e resistência à flexão estática foram, respectivamente, 13114 MPa e 88,76 MPa para o ensaio na condição de menor inércia e de, respectivamente, 15871 MPa e 88,63 MPa para o ensaio na condição de maior inércia. A densidade aparente (a 12% de umidade dos painéis LVL e das lâminas foram, respectivamente, 690 kg/ m3 e 649 kg/m3. Os valores médios obtidos nos ensaios de compressão paralela foram 16856 MPa para o módulo de elasticidade e 58,05 MPa para a resistência. Os valores médios da resistência no ensaio de cisalhamento paralelo no plano L-Y e no plano L-X foram 5,96 MPa e 5,91 MPa, respectivamente. Todos esses valores atingiram parcialmente ou ultrapassaram os limites médios de referência estabelecidos para painéis LVL e para a madeira sólida originária, atestando, sobretudo, a qualidade dos painéis produzidos com essa madeira.

The Transcriptome and Terpene Profile of Eucalyptus grandis Reveals Mechanisms of Defense Against the Insect Pest, Leptocybe invasa.

Science.gov (United States)

Oates, Caryn N; Külheim, Carsten; Myburg, Alexander A; Slippers, Bernard; Naidoo, Sanushka

2015-07-01

Plants have evolved complex defenses that allow them to protect themselves against pests and pathogens. However, there is relatively little information regarding the Eucalyptus defensome. Leptocybe invasa is one of the most damaging pests in global Eucalyptus forestry, and essentially nothing is known regarding the molecular mechanisms governing the interaction between the pest and host. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the transcriptional landscape and terpene profile of a resistant and susceptible Eucalyptus genotype in an effort to improve our understanding of this interaction. We used RNA-seqencing to investigate transcriptional changes following L. invasa oviposition. Expression levels were validated using real-time quantitative PCR. Terpene profiles were investigated using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectometry on uninfested and oviposited leaves. We found 698 and 1,115 significantly differentially expressed genes from the resistant and susceptible interactions, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment and Mapman analyses identified putative defense mechanisms including cell wall reinforcement, protease inhibitors, cell cycle suppression and regulatory hormone signaling pathways. There were significant differences in the mono- and sesquiterpene profiles between genotypes and between control and infested material. A model of the interaction between Eucalyptus and L. invasa was proposed from the transcriptomic and chemical data. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Caracterização mineralógica, potencial de reserva e sustentabilidade agrícola de alguns sítios florestais de eucalipto da região do Vale do Rio Doce (MG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Reatto

1998-06-01

Full Text Available Foram estudados alguns solos da região do Vale do Rio Doce (MG em 1991, nos municípios de Ipatinga, Nova Era e Guanhães, provenientes de áreas de reflorestamento de Eucalyptus grandis. Selecionaram-se oito sítios florestais com solos de diferentes classes taxonômicas, e uma detalhada caracterização mineralógica e avaliação do potencial de reserva de nutrientes foram desenvolvidas. Os solos estudados foram mineralogicamente classificados como: caulinítico não-sesquioxídicos (2 e 5; caulinítico-sesquioxídico (1; gibbsítico-sesquioxídicos (4, 6 e 7; hematítico (3 e gibbsítico (8. Os principais argilominerais e óxidos de ferro e alumínio presentes nesses solos são caulinita, gibbsita, hematita, goethita e maghemita. A reserva mineral de médio a longo prazo para potássio é praticamente inexistente, estando presente, embora com baixa magnitude, nos solos 2 e 5, na forma de micas e feldspatos. As relações Ca-trocável/Ca-total e Mg-trocável/Mg-total exprimem baixa capacidade de reposição desses nutrientes nos solos estudados. Sugere-se a adição de nutrientes de acordo com os níveis críticos exigidos na implantação e manutenção do ciclo do eucalipto, em virtude da ausência de sustentabilidade desses sítios florestais em termos de reserva de nutrientes a curto, médio e longo prazos.

Comparison of the compressive strength of impregnated and nonimpregnated eucalyptus subjected to two different pressures and impregnation times

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Waldemir Rodrigues

2004-06-01

Full Text Available The durability of wood is affected by several factors. For this reason, much research has been done on a variety of chemical compounds for impregnating wood, aimed at preserving it while simultaneously improving its properties. Recent studies of the properties of impregnated wood have demonstrated the possibility of substantially improving its mechanical characteristics. Thus, the purpose of this work was to compare the strength to parallel compression of wooden fibers (Eucalyptus grandis, both nonimpregnated and impregnated with a monocomponent resin, from the standpoint of pressure and impregnation time, aiming at its structural utilization. The results demonstrate that the compressive strength of impregnated test specimens is greater than that of nonimpregnated ones, indicating that monocomponent polyurethane resin can be considered suitable for impregnating wood, since it increases the compressive strength of eucalyptus.

Qualidade de mudas de eucalipto produzidas sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação e dois tipos de substrato Quality of eucalyptus seedlings under different depths of irrigation and two substrastes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jane Luísa Wadas Lopes

2007-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar lâminas de irrigação na produção de mudas de Eucalyptus grandis, produzidas em dois substratos comerciais à base de cascas de árvores (CPV e CATV. O experimento foi conduzido na Camará - Mudas Florestais, em Ibaté, SP, na estação inverno/primavera/2003, constituindo-se de um delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, sendo cinco lâminas de irrigação diárias (6, 8, 10, 12 e 14 mm, aplicadas através de uma barra de irrigação em diferentes horários (10, 13 e 16 h. Aos 108 dias após a aplicação foram realizadas avaliações da altura de parte aérea, diâmetro de colo, relação altura da parte aérea/diâmetro de colo, número de pares de folhas, matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes e área foliar. Com relação às características morfológicas, verificou-se a influência das lâminas em todas as variáveis. Dessa maneira, concluiu-se que as lâminas de irrigação de 12 e de 14 mm dia-1 foram as que mais contribuíram para o desenvolvimento das mudas, com qualidade ótima aos 108 dias após a semeadura.The objective of this work was to evaluate irrigation depths in the production of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings, produced in two commercial substrates containing tree bark (CPV and CATV. The experiments took place in Camará- Mudas Florestais, in Ibaté - São Paulo, from winter to spring/2003, consisting of a randomized blocks design with four replicates, with 5 daily watering (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm, applied several times during the day (at 10 am, 13 pm and 16 pm. At 108 days after sowing, the following parameters were assessed: height of aerial part, neck diameter, relation height of aerial part / neck diameter, number of leaf pairs, dry matter of the aerial part and roots, and leaf area. Depths of 6 and 8 mm per day reduced drastically seedling growth. The irrigation depths also influenced all the parameters of morphological characteristics. It was concluded that

Produção, Carbono e Rentabilidade Econômica de Pinus elliottii e Eucalyptus grandis em Sistemas Silvipastoris no Sul do Brasil Production, Carbon and Economical Profitability of Pinus elliottii and Eucalyptus grandis in Silvipastoris System in South Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edilson Batista de Oliveira

2010-03-01

Full Text Available

O presente trabalho teve por objetivos estimar a produção de madeira, o estoque de carbono e a rentabilidade econômica, incluindo a venda de créditos de carbono de plantações de Eucalyptus grandis e Pinus elliottii em consórcio com pastagens. Foram utilizados dois experimentos com cada espécie, todos instalados em Alegrete, RS, em áreas de pastagem natural. Os experimentos possuíam três tratamentos, dois deles constituídos por sistemas silvipastoris implantados em fileiras triplas de árvores, com ambas as espécies no espaçamento de 3,0 m x 1,5 m, sendo o primeiro com um corredor de 14 m, entre as fileiras triplas, destinado ao pastejo dos animais, e o outro com um corredor de 34 m. O terceiro tratamento possuía o cultivo isolado das duas espécies florestais, com espaçamento de 3,0 m x 3,0 m. Foram simulados desbastes e corte final aos 21 anos de idade para todos os tratamentos. As árvores propiciaram retorno econômico em todos os sistemas testados, com rentabilidade a partir do desbaste aos 7 anos de idade. A venda de créditos de carbono torna o componente florestal ainda mais atrativo devido, principalmente, à receita auferida desde o início do projeto.

Hardening of eucalyptus seedlings via salicylic acid application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Henrique Lima Mazzuchelli

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The agricultural and forest productivity suffer restrictions imposed by water stress, high temperature and high solar radiation. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of stress attenuation and growth promotion of salicylic acid (SA application in eucalyptus (E. urophylla x E. grandis hybrid seedlings under water stress. A completely randomized design, in a 3x4 factorial scheme (three water treatments: constant irrigation with daily replacement of 40% (CI40% or 100% (CI100% of evapotranspirated water, and temporary irrigation suspension with replacement of only 40% of evapotranspirated water (S40%; and four SA concentrations: 0 mg L-1, 100 mg L-1, 200 mg L-1 and 300 mg L-1, was used. Plant photosynthetic parameters and biometric features were evaluated. The stomatal limitation was higher in plants under S40% irrigation, however, the SA application reverted this result, allowing the maintenance of the photosynthetic potential. There was interaction between irrigation regimes and SA doses for number of leaves, leaf area/number of leaves ratio and shoot and root dry mass. It was concluded that the application of 200 mg L -1 of SA positively affected the growth of eucalyptus seedlings under water stress, being considered an auxiliary management technique to their hardening process.

Combinação de dois métodos não industriais no tratamento preservativo de moirões de Eucalyptus grandis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karina Soares Modes

2011-01-01

Full Text Available This paper evaluated the effect of the combination of two non-industrial methods to treat fence posts of Eucalyptus grandis, on the penetration and retention of water borne preservative. Thus, four fences with 2.20 m in length were treated by replacement of sap and simple diffusion alone and other four ones have combined the two techniques, with water-borne CCB 50% preservative at a concentration of 3.5%. After each treatment condition, the pieces were seasoned in the shade for 30 days. Disks were taken at 0.60 and 1.60 m from the base of the pieces which had one side sanded for analysis of the penetration of the preservative using a solution of chrome azurol S. From the same parts, test specimens were also manufactured in diametrically opposed positions with dimensions of approximately 3.0 x 2.0 x 2.5 cm (radial x tangential x longitudinal to analyze the retention of the element copper by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method and boron by visible spectrophotometry with azomethine-H, also known as colorimetry. The retention values obtained were compared with the minimum recommended by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards - ABNT for water borne preservatives which is 6.5 kg of active ingredients per m³ of wood. The penetration achieved by the combined method was considered sufficient for non-industrial treatment, while the retention values were higher than the retention of at least 6.5 kg of active ingredients / m³ of treated wood in all positions and portions evaluated.

Ion Torrent PGM as tool for fungal community analysis: a case study of endophytes in Eucalyptus grandis reveals high taxonomic diversity.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin Kemler

Full Text Available The Kingdom Fungi adds substantially to the diversity of life, but due to their cryptic morphology and lifestyle, tremendous diversity, paucity of formally described specimens, and the difficulty in isolating environmental strains into culture, fungal communities are difficult to characterize. This is especially true for endophytic communities of fungi living in healthy plant tissue. The developments in next generation sequencing technologies are, however, starting to reveal the true extent of fungal diversity. One of the promising new technologies, namely semiconductor sequencing, has thus far not been used in fungal diversity assessments. In this study we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1 nuclear encoded ribosomal RNA of the endophytic community of the economically important tree, Eucalyptus grandis, from South Africa using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM. We determined the impact of various analysis parameters on the interpretation of the results, namely different sequence quality parameter settings, different sequence similarity cutoffs for clustering and filtering of databases for removal of sequences with incomplete taxonomy. Sequence similarity cutoff values only had a marginal effect on the identified family numbers, whereas different sequence quality filters had a large effect (89 vs. 48 families between least and most stringent filters. Database filtering had a small, but statistically significant, effect on the assignment of sequences to reference sequences. The community was dominated by Ascomycota, and particularly by families in the Dothidiomycetes that harbor well-known plant pathogens. The study demonstrates that semiconductor sequencing is an ideal strategy for environmental sequencing of fungal communities. It also highlights some potential pitfalls in subsequent data analyses when using a technology with relatively short read lengths.

Eucalyptus hairy roots, a fast, efficient and versatile tool to explore function and expression of genes involved in wood formation.

Science.gov (United States)

Plasencia, Anna; Soler, Marçal; Dupas, Annabelle; Ladouce, Nathalie; Silva-Martins, Guilherme; Martinez, Yves; Lapierre, Catherine; Franche, Claudine; Truchet, Isabelle; Grima-Pettenati, Jacqueline

2016-06-01

Eucalyptus are of tremendous economic importance being the most planted hardwoods worldwide for pulp and paper, timber and bioenergy. The recent release of the Eucalyptus grandis genome sequence pointed out many new candidate genes potentially involved in secondary growth, wood formation or lineage-specific biosynthetic pathways. Their functional characterization is, however, hindered by the tedious, time-consuming and inefficient transformation systems available hitherto for eucalypts. To overcome this limitation, we developed a fast, reliable and efficient protocol to obtain and easily detect co-transformed E. grandis hairy roots using fluorescent markers, with an average efficiency of 62%. We set up conditions both to cultivate excised roots in vitro and to harden composite plants and verified that hairy root morphology and vascular system anatomy were similar to wild-type ones. We further demonstrated that co-transformed hairy roots are suitable for medium-throughput functional studies enabling, for instance, protein subcellular localization, gene expression patterns through RT-qPCR and promoter expression, as well as the modulation of endogenous gene expression. Down-regulation of the Eucalyptus cinnamoyl-CoA reductase1 (EgCCR1) gene, encoding a key enzyme in lignin biosynthesis, led to transgenic roots with reduced lignin levels and thinner cell walls. This gene was used as a proof of concept to demonstrate that the function of genes involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis and wood formation can be elucidated in transgenic hairy roots using histochemical, transcriptomic and biochemical approaches. The method described here is timely because it will accelerate gene mining of the genome for both basic research and industry purposes. © 2015 Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Mortality of the defoliator Euselasia eucerus (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae by biotic factors in an Eucalyptus urophylla plantation in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José C. Zanuncio

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Euselasia eucerus (Hewitson, 1872 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae is a Brazilian native species commonly found in Eucalyptus plantations. Biotic mortality factors of this defoliator were studied in a Eucalyptus urophylla plantation in Minas Gerais State, Brazil aiming to identify natural enemies and their impact on this insect. Euselasia eucerus had biotic mortality factors during all development stages. The most important were Trichogramma maxacalii Voegelé and Pointel, 1980 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae during egg stage (48.9%, a tachinid fly (Diptera: Tachinidae during larval stages (10% and Itoplectis sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae during pupal stage (52.2%. The parasitism rate was higher in the basal part of the plant canopy (37.8%.Euselasia eucerus (Hewitson, 1872 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae é uma espécie brasileira nativa, comumente encontrada em plantios de Eucalyptus. Um estudo da mortalidade por fatores bióticos desse desfolhador foi feito em um plantio de Eucalyptus urophylla no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, com o objetivo de identificar os inimigos naturais e seu impacto sobre esse lepidóptero. Euselasia eucerus possui fatores bióticos de mortalidade durante todas as suas fases de desenvolvimento. Os mais importantes foram Trichogramma maxacalii Voegelé e Pointel, 1980 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae durante a fase de ovo (48,9%, um Diptera: Tachinidae durante a fase de larva (10% e Itoplectis sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae durante a fase pupal (52,2%. A taxa de parasitismo foi mais elevada na parte basal de plantas de eucalipto (37,8%.

eucalipto en la Ciudad de México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. L. Romo Lozano

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El psílido Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore es una amenaza para la salud de millones de árboles de eucalipto distribuidos en México, este insecto-plaga podría provocar grandes pérdidas económicas al afectar los beneficios comerciales y ambientales de los eucaliptos en las zonas urbanas y no urbanas. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue analizar la viabilidad económica de distintas estrategias de control biológico (con parasitoides, depredadores y entomopatógenos y químico, del psílido del eucalipto en la zona urbana del Distrito Federal, por medio de la relación beneficio-costo (RBC. Se construyeron cuatro escenarios con base en las estrategias de control más eficientes, a través de investigación bibliográfica y con entrevistas a expertos en la materia. Los beneficios se definieron como los costos evitados por la remoción de los árboles de alineación, bajo tres expectativas de mortandad (alta, media y baja. En todos los escenarios analizados la RBC fue alta, pero el escenario más rentable fue con el control con el parasitoide Psyllaephagus bliteus Riek, con la expectativa de mortandad alta. Este escenario de control se ha puesto en práctica en México con resultados exitosos, la metodología es eficiente, sencilla y sin un impacto ambiental aparente. Aun cuando en los otros escenarios analizados la RCB fue alta, hasta el momento sólo representan propuestas alternativas menos eficientes y, con la excepción del control químico, no probadas para el control del psílido del eucalipto. Los costos económicos y ambientales por el uso de insecticidas lo colocan sólo como una estrategia auxiliar y temporal en el control de esta plaga en la ciudad de México.

PRODUÇÃO DE CHAPAS DE PARTÍCULAS ORIENTADAS “OSB” DE Eucalyptus grandis COM DIFERENTES TEORES DE RESINA, PARAFINA E COMPOSIÇÃO EM CAMADAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Setsuo Iwakiri

2002-10-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência dos seguintes parâmetros de processo de produção sobre as propriedades das chapas “OSB”: composição das chapas em camadas cruzadas com proporções face-miolo-face de 30-40-30 e 20-60-20 em relação à composição homogênea; e, quantidades de 3, 4,5 e 6,0% de resina fenol-formaldeído, com incorporação de 0,5 e 1,0% de emulsão de parafina. Os resultados demonstraram que a composição das chapas, com a relação 20-60-20, apresentou melhor balanço das propriedades de flexão estática entre os sentidos de ensaios paralelo e perpendicular ao plano da chapa. A quantidade de 6,0% de resina foi a que resultou em melhores propriedades físico-mecânicas das chapas “OSB”. A produção de chapas “OSB” de Eucalyptus grandis, com 4,5 e 6,0% de resina fenol-formaldeído, superou as exigências mínimas de propriedades mecânicas das chapas “OSB” referendadas pela norma canadense CSA 0437-0 (1993.

INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS ANATÔMICAS E DO TEOR DE EXTRATIVOS TOTAIS DA MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden NA QUALIDADE DA COLAGEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Cristina do Sacramento Albino

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The study aimed to anatomically characterize and to quantify the total extractives in different positions of the log of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden with 18 years of age and to assess their influence on the shear strength and percentage of wood failure in adhesive bonded joints with thermosetting resorcinolformaldehyde. Histological slides were prepared for an anatomical study and determined the total extractive content. The preparation of bonded joints was made according to ASTM D 2339-98(2000. It was used the correlation coefficient of Pearson, 1 % probability by t test to evaluate the correlation between the anatomical and extractives content with the quality of the glued joints. It was found that there was a correlation between the shear strength with the following characteristics: vessel diameter, wall width, length and width of the fiber, the width of the radius and total extractives content. For the percentage of woodfailure, there was a correlation between this with the following characteristics: the frequency of vessels, thickness of the heatof fiber, and high frequency of lightning. Both the radial direction as in the longitudinal direction of the logs there was change in the values found for the measurement of the anatomical elements, the total amount of extractives, the shear test strength and the percentage of wood failure.

Cambios anatómicos y morfológicos en plántulas de Eucalyptus sp. en respuesta a diferentes niveles de luz Anatomical and morphological changes in Eucalyptus sp. seedlings in response to different levels of light

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana B. Guarnaschelli

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron respuestas en la anatomía y morfología de plántulas de Eucalyptus globulus subesp. globulus, Eucalyptus grandis y Eucalyptus camaldulensis creciendo bajo diferentes niveles de luz. Las plantas fueron expuestas a tres regímenes de iluminación: pleno sol (C, 50 % (S50 y 75% de restricción lumínica (S75 y regadas diariamente. Se midieron características morfológicas y anatómicas del follaje, se calcularon coeficientes foliares e índices de plasticidad. Al disminuir la disponibilidad lumínica, las plantas mostraron cambios asociados a la aclimatación a la sombra. Se observaron aumentos en el área foliar y en los coeficientes foliares. Paralelamente se detectaron disminuciones en el espesor de las hojas, de la epidermis, del parénquima en empalizada y en la densidad de estomas. La biomasa foliar y la biomasa total diminuyeron significativamente bajo el nivel S75. El aumento en el nivel de restricción lumínica produjo cambios proporcionales en el espesor de hojas y en el coeficiente de área foliar. Independientemente del nivel de sombra, se detectaron diferencias entre especies, que podrían asociarse a las condiciones ambientales de sus áreas de origen. Si bien se observaron algunas diferencias en los índices de plasticidad, los valores promedio de las tres especies fueron similares. Esto sugiere que, para los caracteres considerados en este estudio, el grado de aclimatación a la sombra fue similar.Responses in the anatomy and morphology of Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings, growing under different levels of light were evaluated. Seedlings were submitted to three levels of irradiance: full sun (C, 50% (S50 and 75% of light restriction (S75 and irrigated daily. Morphological and anatomical characteristics were measured; foliar coefficients and indexes of plasticity were calculated. As light availability diminished, plants showed changes associated with shade

Gas composition generated by Eucalyptus firewood gasification in different dimensions; Composicao dos gases gerados pela gasificacao de lenha de Eucalipto em diferentes dimensoes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zanatta, Fabio L.; Silva, Jadir Nogueira da; Galvarro, Svetlana S.F.; Laureano, Juliane [Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Agricola], email: fabio.zanatta@ufv.br; Martin, Samuel [Universidade de Brasilia (UNB), DF (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Rural

2011-07-01

Gasification is a technology that yields an energetic gas from the partial oxidation of organic wastes at high temperatures, by an air factor of 20 to 40% of the stoichiometric amount. The gas generated by gasifier can be used to generate electricity or heat as needed. The gas quality is very dependent of the combustible gases present such as CO, CH{sub 4} and H{sub 2}. On this basis, we investigated the composition of gases generated by an updraft gasifier operating with eucalyptus firewood in four different dimensions to determinate the heating value of gas and evaluate which dimension provides the best results. The experiment was conducted at the Post-Harvest and Renewable Energy Experimental Area of the Agricultural Engineering Department at UFV. It had been used logs of eucalyptus firewood in standard diameter and length of 15, 50 and 100 cm. In addition, chips made of eucalyptus firewood were used with approximate dimensions of 2,5x2,0x0,3 cm. According to conditions under which the experiment was set, the results indicated that chips of eucalyptus firewood have provided more homogeneous conditions in gas composition, thus facilitating use. (author)

MODELOS PREDICTIVOS DE BIOMASA AÉREA DE Eucalyptus grandis PARA EL NORESTE DE ARGENTINA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa Angela Winck

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Diferentes intereses industriales, energéticos y ambientales han motivado el análisis de las distintas posibilidades de aprovechamiento de la biomasa forestal, este tema está adquiriendo un creciente protagonismo, por lo que la cuantificación de la biomasa aérea de estos sistemas forestales constituye un primer paso fundamental e ineludible. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar modelos que permitan estimar la biomasa de los diferentes compartimentos aéreos de Eucalyptus grandis . Para ello se emplearon datos de 41 árboles provenientes de rodales de diferentes edades, entre 4 y 32 años, ubicados en la región NE de Argentina. Se tomaron 23 individuos ubicados en la Zona Norte y Alta de Misiones (zona 1 y 18 en el Sur de Misiones y NE de Corrientes (zona 2. Se determinó la biomasa de hojas, ramas menores a 5 cm, ramas mayores a 5 cm, total de ramas, fuste y biomasa total del árbol. Para el ajuste de modelos se tomaron diversas variables independientes, el diámetro a la altura de pecho (dap, la altura total del árbol (h, el producto (dap 2 *h y la variable “ dummy” (zona. Para el caso de la biomasa de ramas y de hojas, debido a que no se lograron resultados satisfactorios con el empleo de estas variables, se examinaron modelos que adicionaban índice de sitio, factor de espaciamiento, diámetro en la base de la copa verde (dbcv, altura hasta la base de la copa verde (hbcv, longitud de copa verde (lcv, el área transversal de albura en la base de copa verde (g Alb bcv y diferentes combinaciones de estas variables. Los modelos fueron seleccionados en base al coeficiente de determinación y el error cuadrático medio. Para la biomasa de ramas menores a 5 cm, ramas mayores a 5 cm, total de ramas, fuste y total, los mejores modelos fueron los que incorporaron como variables regresoras, el diámetro a la altura de pecho, la altura total del árbol y la variable “ dummy” (zona. Para la biomasa de hojas, las variables, edad, �

Integrating remote sensing and ancillary data for regional ecosystem assessment: eucalyptus grandis agro-system in kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Cho, Moses A

2009-07-01

Full Text Available The study demonstrates that the integration of remote sensing and in situ data could be important in providing more accurate estimates of E. grandis state in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa compared to remote sensing models. Such modelling effort would...

A novel genome-wide microsatellite resource for species of Eucalyptus with linkage-to-physical correspondence on the reference genome sequence.

Science.gov (United States)

Grattapaglia, Dario; Mamani, Eva M C; Silva-Junior, Orzenil B; Faria, Danielle A

2015-03-01

Keystone species in their native ranges, eucalypts, are ecologically and genetically very diverse, growing naturally along extensive latitudinal and altitudinal ranges and variable environments. Besides their ecological importance, eucalypts are also the most widely planted trees for sustainable forestry in the world. We report the development of a novel collection of 535 microsatellites for species of Eucalyptus, 494 designed from ESTs and 41 from genomic libraries. A selected subset of 223 was evaluated for individual identification, parentage testing, and ancestral information content in the two most extensively studied species, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus globulus. Microsatellites showed high transferability and overlapping allele size range, suggesting they have arisen still in their common ancestor and confirming the extensive genome conservation between these two species. A consensus linkage map with 437 microsatellites, the most comprehensive microsatellite-only genetic map for Eucalyptus, was built by assembling segregation data from three mapping populations and anchored to the Eucalyptus genome. An overall colinearity between recombination-based and physical positioning of 84% of the mapped microsatellites was observed, with some ordering discrepancies and sporadic locus duplications, consistent with the recently described whole genome duplication events in Eucalyptus. The linkage map covered 95.2% of the 605.8-Mbp assembled genome sequence, placing one microsatellite every 1.55 Mbp on average, and an overall estimate of physical to recombination distance of 618 kbp/cM. The genetic parameters estimates together with linkage and physical position data for this large set of microsatellites should assist marker choice for genome-wide population genetics and comparative mapping in Eucalyptus. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

In vitro effect of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil on Penicillium sp.Efeito in vitro do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento de Penicillium sp.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcia Holanda Nozaki

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Penicillium sp. is the casual agent of moulds, considered the main citrus post-harvest disease, causing loss on the quality and quantity of marketable fruits. Besides economic loss, it can be included costs, transportation and fruit storage problems. The present work had the objective to verify the fungitoxic action of Eucalyptus globules essential oil on the in vitro control of Penicillium sp., evaluating mycelial growth, production and spores germination. The experiment was conduced on the Microbiology laboratory of PUC, Toledo campus, with eight treatments: 1%, 0,5%, 0,25%, 0,1%, 0,05% e 0,025% concentrations of eucalyptus oil added to PDA media (potato-dextrose-agar, negative control (PDA with addition of 40mg of azoxystrobin/L and positive control (PDA media only. The experimental design was according to a completely randomized design, with five replicates each treatment. The eucalyptus essential oil inhibited significantly the growth in the 1%, 0,5% e 0,25% concentrations, not differing statistically from control with fungicide azoxystrobin. The treatments presented the same behavior for spores production. For spores germination, the 1% e 0,5% concentrations had better control than treatment with azoxystrobin and the concentration of 0,25%. Others oil concentrations did not present significative results on the evaluations, being statistically equal to positive control (PDA.O fungo Penicillium sp. é o agente causal dos bolores, considerada a principal doença pós-colheita em citros, levando à perdas na qualidade e quantidade dos frutos comercializáveis. Além de perdas econômicas, uma vez que nas perdas pós-colheitas estão inclusos os custos, transporte e armazenagem de frutos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a ação fungitóxica do óleo essencial de Eucalyptus globulus no controle in vitro de Penicillium sp., avaliando seu crescimento micelial, produção e a germinação de esporos. O experimento foi conduzido no

Monitoramento do teor de umidade de madeiras de Pinus elliottii Engelm. E Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, sob diferentes temperaturas de secagem, através do ultra-som

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leandro Calegari

2007-01-01

Full Text Available With the purpose of evaluating the viability of use of ultrasonic technique to estimate the wood moisture content during the drying process, samples of Pinus elliottii Engelm. and Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden with dimensions of 3.5 cm thick, 10 cm width and 25 cm long were submitted to drying temperatures of 20, 40 and 70ºC. A PUNDIT ultrasonic equipment with plane face transducers by 50 KHz was used to measure sound velocity in the longitudinal direction of the wood. Results indicated increase of estimated ultrasonic speed with reduction of moisture content. This relationship showed to be valid for the wood from green to the end of the drying process, and the best determination coefficients were found in the eucalypt wood (R² = 81%. Although no influence of the species in the ultrasonic speed has been observed, this one was influenced by the wood specific gravity and by the drying temperature. The effect of the specific mass was directly proportional for the pinus wood. Opposite effect was observed in eucalypt wood. The ultrasonic speed tended to decrease as drying temperature increased for both species. Results suggest that this method presents good potential for the control of the drying process.

Análise cinética da cura de adesivos de taninos das cascas de três espécies de Eucalyptus por calorimetria diferencial exploratória (DSC

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mori Fábio Akira

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a cinética de cura de adesivos à base de taninos de Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna e Eucalyptus urophylla por calorimetria diferencial exploratória (DSC, comparando-a com a cinética de cura de adesivos comerciais: fenol-formaldeído e de taninos de acácia-negra (Acacia mollissima D.Wild. Verificou-se que o adesivo de taninos de Eucalyptus urophylla apresentou os parâmetros cinéticos (energia de ativação, entalpia, temperatura de pico e ordem de reação mais próximos aos do adesivo comercial de taninos de acácia-negra, que foram totalmente diferentes do adesivo à base de fenol-formaldeído. Com base nestes parâmetros constatou-se que, em relação aos outros dois, o adesivo de taninos de Eucalyptus urophylla é o mais adequado para colagem, uma vez que em condições industriais ele necessitará de uso mínimo de energia e de tempo de prensagem durante o processo de colagem.

Starvation-induced morphological responses of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Science.gov (United States)

Status of the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, as a pest of cotton (Gossypium spp.) in the United States has diminished because of progress by eradication programs. However, this pest remains of critical importance in South America, and intractable populations in extreme South Texas ...

Application of xylanases from Amazon Forest fungal species in bleaching of eucalyptus kraft pulps

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roseli Garcia Medeiros

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Crude xylanase preparations from Penicillium corylophilum, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma longibrachiatum were used to treat Eucalyptus kraft pulp, prior to chlorine dioxide and alkaline bleaching sequences. The enzyme pretreatment improved brightness and delignification of non-delignified and oxygen-bleached samples of eucalyptus kraft pulp. Xylanase preparations from T. longibrachiatum and P. corylophilum were more effective to reduce pulp kappa number. A small reduction in viscosity was obtained when the oxygen-bleached pulp was treated with xylanase preparation from A. niger. For all enzyme samples, the best release of chromophoric material from the pulp was at 237 nm. The enzyme preparation from P. corylophilum was responsible for the highest release of reducing sugar at a dosage interval of 10-20 IU/g dry weight pulp. Scanning electron microscopy studies of oxygen-bleached pulp after xylanase treatment revealed morphological changes, including holes, cracks, filament forming and peeling.Amostras de xilanases de extratos brutos de Penicillium corylophilum, Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma longibrachiatum foram utilizadas no branqueamento de polpa kraft de eucalipto antes das seqüências alcalina e dióxido de cloro. O pré-tratamento enzimático melhorou a alvura e o processo de deslignificação de amostras de polpa kraft de eucalipto não-tratada e tratada com oxigênio. Amostras de xilanases de T. longibrachiatum e P. corylophilum foram mais efetivas na redução do número kappa da polpa. A polpa tratada com oxigênio sofreu uma pequena redução na sua viscosidade quando incubada com amostra de xilanase de A. niger. Para todas as amostras de xilanases, a maior liberação de cromóforos da polpa foi a 237 nm. A amostra de xilanase de P. corylophilum liberou maior quantidade de açúcar redutor da polpa, utilizando dosagem de 10-20 UI/g de peso seco da polpa. Estudos de microscopia eletrônica de varredura revelaram várias altera

FT overexpression induces precocious flowering and normal reproductive development in Eucalyptus.

Science.gov (United States)

Klocko, Amy L; Ma, Cathleen; Robertson, Sarah; Esfandiari, Elahe; Nilsson, Ove; Strauss, Steven H

2016-02-01

Eucalyptus trees are among the most important species for industrial forestry worldwide. However, as with most forest trees, flowering does not begin for one to several years after planting which can limit the rate of conventional and molecular breeding. To speed flowering, we transformed a Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla hybrid (SP7) with a variety of constructs that enable overexpression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). We found that FT expression led to very early flowering, with events showing floral buds within 1-5 months of transplanting to the glasshouse. The most rapid flowering was observed when the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was used to drive the Arabidopsis thaliana FT gene (AtFT). Early flowering was also observed with AtFT overexpression from a 409S ubiquitin promoter and under heat induction conditions with Populus trichocarpa FT1 (PtFT1) under control of a heat-shock promoter. Early flowering trees grew robustly, but exhibited a highly branched phenotype compared to the strong apical dominance of nonflowering transgenic and control trees. AtFT-induced flowers were morphologically normal and produced viable pollen grains and viable self- and cross-pollinated seeds. Many self-seedlings inherited AtFT and flowered early. FT overexpression-induced flowering in Eucalyptus may be a valuable means for accelerating breeding and genetic studies as the transgene can be easily segregated away in progeny, restoring normal growth and form. © 2015 Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Otimização da secagem da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis (Hill ex Maiden).

OpenAIRE

Gilson Roberto Vasconcelos dos Santos

2002-01-01

É crescente a utilização do gênero Eucalyptus nas indústrias de manufaturados de madeira, notadamente em produtos de maior valor agregado como móveis e assoalhos. Contudo, essa matéria-prima requer secagem lenta, o que implica um aumento no custo do processo, proporcional ao tempo de permanência da madeira no secador. A combinação da secagem natural com a secagem convencional tem sido indicada como alternativa para reduzir a duração do processo artificial; hipótese que foi avaliada, no presen...

Avaliação nutricional de mudas de Acacia mangium, Sesbania virgata e Eucalyptus camaldulensis inoculadas com fungos micorrízicos, em casade- vegetação e em cava de extração de argila = Nutritional evaluation of Acacia mangium, Sesbania virgata and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, grown under greenhouse conditions and in an area of clay extraction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jolimar Antonio Schiavo

2009-10-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs na nutrição de mudas de acácia (Acacia mangium Willd., sesbânia (Sesbania virgata (Cav.Pers. e eucalipto (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. em casa-de-vegetação, bem como a influência dos FMAs, do monocultivo e/ou consórcio sobre os teores dos nutrientes nas folhas das plantas em cava degradada pela extração de argila. Em casa-de-vegetação, mudas de acácia inoculadas com FMAs tiveram incrementos nos conteúdos de N, P e Zn de 22, 71 e 67%, respectivamente; as de sesbânia, de 39, 49, 56, 24, 105 e 54%, respectivamente para N, P, Ca, Mg, Mn e Zn. Na cava de extração de argila, plantas de acácia consorciadas com sesbânia apresentaram menor teor de Ca nas folhas. Ainda, no consórcio com eucalipto, plantas de acácia inoculadas com FMAs tiveram incrementos de 36% no teor de Mg, em relação às sem inoculação. Plantas de sesbâniaconsorciadas com acácia e/ou eucalipto apresentaram menor teor de Mg, em relação às do monocultivo. Por outro lado, plantas de eucalipto consorciadas com acácia e/ou sesbânia sem FMAs apresentaram menor teor de N, em relação às do monocultivo. Até o presente momento, não foram observadas melhorias nutricionais em plantas de eucalipto advindas do consórcio com acácia e/ou sesbânia.This work aimed to evaluate, under greenhouse conditions, the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF on the nutrient uptake of Acacia mangium, Sesbania virgata and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, as well as, the influence of these fungi on the shoot nutrient content of these plant species, when cultivated in single and intercropping systems, under field conditions in an area of clay extraction. Under greenhouse conditions, AMF inoculation increased N, P and Zn content of A. mangium by 22, 71 and 67%, respectively, and in S. virgata the increase of N, P, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn was of 39, 49, 56, 24, 105 and 54%, respectively. Under

Chemical Composition of Pyroligneous Acid Obtained from Eucalyptus GG100 Clone

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre S. Pimenta

2018-02-01

Full Text Available The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of pyroligneous acid (PA obtained from slow pyrolysis of the clone GG100 of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis. The efficiency of extraction of organic compounds by using different solvents—dichloromethane (DCM, diethyl ether (DE and ethyl acetate (EA—was evaluated. Wood discs were collected and carbonized at a heating rate of 1.25 °C/min until 450 °C. Pyrolysis gases were trapped and condensed, yielding a crude liquid product (CLP, which was refined to obtain pure PA. Then liquid–liquid extraction was carried out. Each extracted fraction was analyzed by GC-MS and the chemical compounds were identified. Experimental results showed that a larger number of chemical compounds could be extracted by using DCM and EA in comparison to diethyl ether DE. A total number of 93 compounds were identified, with phenolic compounds being the major group, followed by aldehydes and ketones, furans, pyrans and esters. Higher contents of guaiacol, phenol, cresols and furfural seem to explain the antibacterial and antifungal activity shown by PA, as reported previously in the literature. Experimental data indicated that the organic phase extracted from GG100 PA consists of a mixture of compounds similar to liquid smokes regularly used in the food industry.

Produção de chapas de partículas orientadas “OSB” de Eucalyptus grandis com diferentes teores de resina, parafina e composição em camadas.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Setsuo Ivakiri

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência dos seguintes parâmetros de processo de produção sobre as propriedades das chapas "OSB": composição das chapas em camadas cruzadas com proporções face-miolo-face de 30-40-30 e 20-60-20 em relação à composição homogênea; e, quantidades de 3, 4,5 e 6,0% de resina fenol-formaldeído, com incorporação de 0,5 e 1,0% de emulsão de parafina. Os resultados demonstraram que a composição das chapas, com a relação 20-60-20, apresentou melhor balanço das propriedades de flexão estática entre os sentidos de ensaios paralelo e perpendicular ao plano da chapa. A quantidade de 6,0% de resina foi a que resultou em melhores propriedades físico-mecânicas das chapas "OSB". A produção de chapas "OSB" de Eucalyptus grandis, com 4,5 e 6,0% de resina fenol-formaldeído, superou as exigências mínimas de propriedades mecânicas das chapas "OSB" referendadas pela norma canadense CSA 0437-0 (1993.

Distribution of Blue Gum Chalcid, Leptocybe invasa and it's Damage on Eucalyptus in East Africa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mutitu, K.E; Otieno, B.O; Oeba, V.O; Nyeko, P.; Day, R.K

2007-01-01

Blue Gum chalcid is a gall-forming wasp, which causes an extensive damage to Eucalyptus. It attacks mostly seedlings and field saplings. It causes damage on it's host by forming massive typical bump-shaped galls on trees canopy, specifically on the leaf midribs, petioles and stems of new growths. The pest was first reported in Kenya and Uganda in 2002 attacking the three major commercially grown Eucalyptus species; Eucalyptus grandis, E. camaldulennsis, E. saligna in East Africa. Eucalyptus is fast growing and widely planted in both plantations and farmers' woodlots. It is important for both industrial and domestic use. It is a major source of income generation for rural poor families. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial distribution, incidence and severity patterns of L. invasa and possible relationship to environment and biophysical factors in East Africa. Over 312 randomly selected stands were assessed for BGC incidence to it's distribution. In each identified stand 60 trees were selected from 3 randomly established plots of 20 trees each and BGC damage/incidence assessed on a 4-point scale. This was to determine the incidence and severity patterns. ANOVA using generalized linear procedures, regression analysis and correlation were done to determine the relationship between the percentage incidence of L. invasa infestation against altitude, age interval, agro-ecological zones and topography. There was widespread of pest in all the districts sampled. There was significant difference (p 0.05) on L. invasa incidence among the three species. The study recommends that. further studies on damage and L. invasa population dynamics relationship to environment and biophysical factors should be conducted

Quantification and economic valuation of the capture of CO2 for Eucalyptus plantations, established by the Preca in the carboniferous Basins of Cesar, Cauca Valley, Cauca and Highland Cundiboyacense

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diaz Fonseca, Sandra Ximena; Molano Morales, Miguel Angel

2001-01-01

This study, as first measure it looks for to quantify the tons of CO 2 captured by the increment in the biomass of forestall plantations of the Eucalyptus genus established by the PRECA of Ecocarbon in the carboniferous basins of the Cesar, Cauca Valley, Cauca and Highland Cundiboyacense and in second measure to determine the economic value that the sale of this environmental service can represent for a developing country as Colombia. The results obtained for each one of the plantations in each carboniferous basin are determined, and statistical models that will allow calculating the capture of CO 2 carried out by plantations of three different species of Eucalyptus (E. camaldulensis, e. grandis and E. globulus), starting from the volume in foot of the timber only barked

Desenvolvimento biométrico de mudas de eucalipto sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação na fase de crescimento

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carla Raphaela Araújo Silva

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação do desenvolvimento de mudas de eucalipto sob distintas lâminas de irrigação na etapa de crescimento.  Híbridos de Eucalyptus urograndis (clone A e Eucalyptus uroglobulos (clone B foram submetidas às lâminas de 5, 9, 11, 14 e 15 mm. Foram mensuradas a altura, diâmetro do colo, biomassa fresca, biomassa seca e calculado o IQD. Do início ao fim do experimento, a altura das mudas variou de 17,75 a 30,27 cm e de 12,03 a 26,70 cm; o diâmetro do colo de 2,17 a 4,38 mm e de 1,88 a 3,13 mm; a biomassa fresca de 2,60 a 7,86 g muda-1 e 1,66 a 8,04 g muda-1; a biomassa seca de 0,89 a 2,45 g muda-1 e 0,42 a 1,97 g muda-1; e o IQD de 0,06 a 0,238 e 0,04 a 0,189, para os clones A e B, respectivamente. Para o clone A, a lâmina de 11 mm é a melhor a ser adotada para a fase de crescimento, pois permite o desenvolvimento de mudas de boa qualidade. Para o clone B a melhor lâmina foi a de 15 mm. O clone A apresentou desenvolvimento superior quando comparado ao clone B.

Quantification and economic valuation of the capture of CO2 for plantations of the Eucalyptus, genus, settled down by the PRECA in the carboniferous basins of Cesar, Cauca Valley, Cauca and Cundiboyacense Highland

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Diaz F, Sandra Ximena; Molano M, Miguel Angel

2001-01-01

In this study, the first measure is to quantify the tons of CO 2 captured by the increment in the biomass of forest plantations of the Eucalyptus genus, settled down by the PRECA of Ecocarbon in the carboniferous basins of the Cesar, Cauca Valley, Cauca and Cundiboyacense highland and in second measure to determine the economic value that the sale of this environmental service can represent for a developing country as Colombia. The results obtained for each one of the plantations settled down in each carboniferous basin are determined and statistical models that will allow to calculate the capture of CO 2 carried out by plantations of three different species of Eucalyptus (E. Camaldulensis, E. grandis and E. globulus)

Uso de lodo de esgoto na reestruturação de solo degradado Use of sewage sludge to restructure a degraded oxisol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiana da Silva de Campos

2008-08-01

Full Text Available O uso do solo nem sempre dá lugar a um novo sistema ecológico sustentável, seja de lavouras, seja de pastagens. Com isso, solos utilizados intensamente e de forma inadequada são levados à degradação. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência do lodo de esgoto na recuperação de propriedades físicas de um Latossolo Vermelho degradado, cultivado há 2,5 anos com eucalipto (Eucalyptus citriodora Hook e braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens no município de Selvíria, MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 1-vegetação de Cerrado; 2-solo exposto sem tratamento para recuperação; 3-solo cultivado com eucalipto e braquiária sem uso do lodo de esgoto e adubação mineral; 4-solo cultivado com eucalipto e braquiária com adubação mineral; 5-solo cultivado com eucalipto e braquiária com uso de 30 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto; e 6-solo cultivado com eucalipto e braquiária com uso de 60 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto. Nas camadas do solo de 0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20; e 0,20-0,30 m, foram estudadas as propriedades físicas do solo: macroporosidade, microporosidade; porosidade; e densidade do solo. Na braquiária foram avaliadas as matérias verde e seca e, no eucalipto, a altura média de planta e o DAP (diâmetro à altura do peito. Concluiu-se que o solo estudado está sendo recuperado por meio dos tratamentos estabelecidos. Dentre eles, destacam-se os tratamentos com a utilização do lodo, que influenciaram as propriedades físicas do solo, proporcionaram mais rendimentos de matérias verde e seca da braquiária e promoveram maior crescimento das plantas de eucalipto. O crescimento vegetal, a densidade do solo, a porosidade total e a macroporosidade foram os melhores indicadores da recuperação do solo.The soil use not always result in an ecological sustainable system. An intense and inadequate soil use leads to soil

Effect of Low pH and Aluminum Toxicity on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Fast-Growing Eucalyptus Vegetatively Propagated Clones.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Mei; Tan, Ling; Xu, Yuanyuan; Zhao, Yihui; Cheng, Fei; Ye, Shaoming; Jiang, Weixin

2015-01-01

Knowing how acid soils and aluminum in soils may limit the growth of Eucalyptus trees in plantations is important because these plantations grow in many tropical and subtropical regions. Seedlings of four vegetatively propagated Eucalyptus clones, E. grandis × E. urophylla 'GLGU9'(G9), E. grandis × E. urophylla 'GLGU12' (G12), E. urophylla × E. camaldulensis 'GLUC3' (G3) and E. urophylla 'GLU4'(G4), were subjected to liquid culture with Hoagland nutrient solution for 40 days, then treated with four different treatments of acid and aluminum for 1 day. The four treatments used either pH 3.0 or 4.0 with or without added aluminum (4.4 mM) in all possible combinations; a control used no added aluminum at pH 4.8. Subsequently, the photosynthetic parameters and morphology of leaves from eucalypt seedlings were determined and observed. The results showed that the tested chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were apparently inhibited by aluminum. Under uniform Al concentration (4.4 mM), the Al-induced limitation to photosynthetic parameters increased with pH, indicating acid stimulation to Al toxicity. Among all treatments, the most significant reduction was found in the combination of pH 3.0 and 4.4 mM Al. The photosynthetic and transpiration rates showed similar trends with G9 > G12 > G3 > G4, suggesting that G9 and G12 had higher Al-tolerance than other two clones. Microscopic observation revealed changes in leaf morphology when exposed to Al stress; for example, a reduced thickness of leaf epidermis and palisade tissue, the descendant palisade tissue/spongy tissue ratio and leaf tissue looseness. Overall, the acid and aluminum stress exerted negative effects on the photosynthetic activity of eucalypt seedlings, but the differences in tolerance to Al toxicity between the clones were favorable, offering potential to improve Eucalyptus plantation productivity by selecting Al tolerant clones.

Effect of Low pH and Aluminum Toxicity on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Fast-Growing Eucalyptus Vegetatively Propagated Clones

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Mei; Tan, Ling; Xu, Yuanyuan; Zhao, Yihui; Cheng, Fei; Ye, Shaoming; Jiang, Weixin

2015-01-01

Knowing how acid soils and aluminum in soils may limit the growth of Eucalyptus trees in plantations is important because these plantations grow in many tropical and subtropical regions. Seedlings of four vegetatively propagated Eucalyptus clones, E. grandis × E. urophylla ‘GLGU9’(G9), E. grandis × E. urophylla ‘GLGU12’ (G12), E. urophylla × E. camaldulensis ‘GLUC3’ (G3) and E. urophylla ‘GLU4’(G4), were subjected to liquid culture with Hoagland nutrient solution for 40 days, then treated with four different treatments of acid and aluminum for 1 day. The four treatments used either pH 3.0 or 4.0 with or without added aluminum (4.4 mM) in all possible combinations; a control used no added aluminum at pH 4.8. Subsequently, the photosynthetic parameters and morphology of leaves from eucalypt seedlings were determined and observed. The results showed that the tested chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were apparently inhibited by aluminum. Under uniform Al concentration (4.4 mM), the Al-induced limitation to photosynthetic parameters increased with pH, indicating acid stimulation to Al toxicity. Among all treatments, the most significant reduction was found in the combination of pH 3.0 and 4.4 mM Al. The photosynthetic and transpiration rates showed similar trends with G9 > G12 > G3 > G4, suggesting that G9 and G12 had higher Al-tolerance than other two clones. Microscopic observation revealed changes in leaf morphology when exposed to Al stress; for example, a reduced thickness of leaf epidermis and palisade tissue, the descendant palisade tissue/spongy tissue ratio and leaf tissue looseness. Overall, the acid and aluminum stress exerted negative effects on the photosynthetic activity of eucalypt seedlings, but the differences in tolerance to Al toxicity between the clones were favorable, offering potential to improve Eucalyptus plantation productivity by selecting Al tolerant clones. PMID

Effect of Low pH and Aluminum Toxicity on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Fast-Growing Eucalyptus Vegetatively Propagated Clones.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mei Yang

Full Text Available Knowing how acid soils and aluminum in soils may limit the growth of Eucalyptus trees in plantations is important because these plantations grow in many tropical and subtropical regions. Seedlings of four vegetatively propagated Eucalyptus clones, E. grandis × E. urophylla 'GLGU9'(G9, E. grandis × E. urophylla 'GLGU12' (G12, E. urophylla × E. camaldulensis 'GLUC3' (G3 and E. urophylla 'GLU4'(G4, were subjected to liquid culture with Hoagland nutrient solution for 40 days, then treated with four different treatments of acid and aluminum for 1 day. The four treatments used either pH 3.0 or 4.0 with or without added aluminum (4.4 mM in all possible combinations; a control used no added aluminum at pH 4.8. Subsequently, the photosynthetic parameters and morphology of leaves from eucalypt seedlings were determined and observed. The results showed that the tested chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were apparently inhibited by aluminum. Under uniform Al concentration (4.4 mM, the Al-induced limitation to photosynthetic parameters increased with pH, indicating acid stimulation to Al toxicity. Among all treatments, the most significant reduction was found in the combination of pH 3.0 and 4.4 mM Al. The photosynthetic and transpiration rates showed similar trends with G9 > G12 > G3 > G4, suggesting that G9 and G12 had higher Al-tolerance than other two clones. Microscopic observation revealed changes in leaf morphology when exposed to Al stress; for example, a reduced thickness of leaf epidermis and palisade tissue, the descendant palisade tissue/spongy tissue ratio and leaf tissue looseness. Overall, the acid and aluminum stress exerted negative effects on the photosynthetic activity of eucalypt seedlings, but the differences in tolerance to Al toxicity between the clones were favorable, offering potential to improve Eucalyptus plantation productivity by selecting Al tolerant clones.

Métodos de proteção de mudas de abacate contra geada em diferentes cultivares Frost protection covers methods for avocado in different cultivars

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ubirajara Ribeiro Mindêllo Neto

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho foi realizado na EMBRAPA Transferência de Tecnologia/SNT, localizado em Canoinhas-SC, Planalto Norte Catarinense. O objetivo foi avaliar a tolerância ao frio de oito cultivares de abacate (Choquette, Vitória, Herculano, Quintal, Linda, Tonnage, Fuerte e Ryan plantadas em maio de 2003, utilizando dois métodos de proteção da muda contra geadas (galhos de eucalipto e galhos de eucalipto + sombrite. Em setembro do mesmo ano, estes materiais que protegiam as mudas, foram retirados e foram atribuídas notas para avaliar o grau de dano nas plantas. Não houve diferença entre as cultivares de abacate em relação à tolerância ao frio, independentemente do tipo de proteção. Entretanto, comparados os dois métodos avaliados, a utilização de galhos de eucalipto associado ao uso de sombrite foi mais eficiente na proteção de plantas jovens de abacate quando comparado ao uso de galhos de eucalipto.The experiment was carried out at EMBRAPA Technology Transfer Office at Canoinhas, Santa Catarina State, Northern Highland area. The aim was to evaluate the tolerance for low temperature in eight varieties of avocado (Choquette, Vitória, Herculano, Quintal, Linda, Tonnage, Fuerte and Ryan planted in May of 2003 using two methods of covers for avocado maiden trees (eucalyptus branches and eucalyptus branches plus sombrite. In September, in the same year, the covers were removed and ranked by scores to evaluate the degree of frost injury on plants. There were no difference between avocado varieties in relation of covers methods. However, comparing the two covers methods, the use of eucalyptus branches plus sombrite was better than the use of eucalyptus branches, in young plants of avocado.

Bioatividade dos extratos aquosos de folhas de pimenta malagueta e eucalipto sobre Zabrotes subfasciatus em grãos de fava

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aline Amanda Sampaio

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Os extratos vegetais atualmente representam uma alternativa importante no controle de insetos-praga. Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar os efeitos de extratos aquosos de folhas de pimenta malagueta (Capsicum frutescens e eucalipto (Eucalyptus sp. sobre Zabrotes subfasciatus em fava. Foram realizados dois bioensaios no laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências da Natureza da Universidade Federal do Piauí, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, totalizando cinco tratamentos [0% (testemunha, 30%, 60%, 80% e 100 %], cada um com quatro repetições, onde os parâmetros, número de insetos mortos, número de ovos e emergência de adultos foram avaliados. O extrato aquoso de folhas de pimenta malagueta não foi eficiente contra o caruncho Z. subfasciatus, pois, houve mortalidade média de 20% dos insetos nas concentrações de 80 e 100%, e com o aumento da concentração teve-se um estímulo a oviposição e emergência destes. O extrato aquoso de folhas de Eucalyptus sp. foi eficiente sobre a mortalidade, oviposição e emergência de Z. subfasciatus, com o aumento da concentração observou-se maior mortalidade, atingindo 40% dos indivíduos; redução da oviposição, 13% em relação a testemunha e as demais concentrações, e emergência dos besouros.Bioactivity of the aqueous extracts of chilli pepper and eucalyptus leaves on Zabrotes subfasciatus in fava beansAbstract: The plant extracts currently represent an important alternative in the control of insect pests. The objective of this paper was to analyze the effects of aqueous extracts of leaves of chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp. on Zabrotes subfasciatus in fava. Two bioassays were performed in the entomology laboratory, Department of Biology, Nature Sciences Center of the Federal University of Piauí, in a completely randomized experimental design, totaling five treatments [(0% (control, 30%, 60%, 80% and

Evaluation of a New Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System for Micropropagation of Cultivars of Eucalyptus, Birch and Fir

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edward Businge

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The use of liquid instead of solid culture medium for the micropropagation of plants offers advantages such as better access to medium components and scalability through possible automation of the processes. The objective of this work was to compare a new temporary immersion bioreactor (TIB to solid medium culture for the micropropagation of a selection of tree species micropropagated for commercial use: Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana (Steven Spach, Eucalyptus (E. grandis x E. urophylla, Downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh, and Curly birch (Betula pendula var. carelica. Cultivation of explants in the TIB resulted in a significant increase of multiplication rate and fresh weight of Eucalyptus and B. pendula, but not Betula pubescens. In addition, the fresh weight of embryogenic tissue and the maturation frequency of somatic embryos increased significantly when an embryogenic cell line of A. nordmanniana was cultivated in the TIB compared to solid culture medium. These results demonstrate the potential for scaling up and automating micropropagation by shoot multiplication and somatic embryogenesis in commercial tree species using a temporary immersion bioreactor.

Avaliação de resistência de clones de eucalipto às infecções naturais de Cryphonectria cubensis, com nova metodologia Evaluation of the resistance of Eucalyptus spp. clones naturally infected by Cryphonectria canker disease using a new methodology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Alves Ferreira

2004-04-01

Full Text Available Apresenta-se uma metodologia de avaliação de suscetibilidade ou resistência de clones de Eucalyptus grandis às infecções naturais da doença cancro, causado por Cryphonectria cubensis, no Estado do Amapá, com as árvores tendo cinco anos de idade. Os parâmetros usados relacionam-se, direta ou indiretamente, com a expressão dos mecanismos de defesa das árvores em nível de casca e lenho, quais sejam: a freqüência de incidência da doença; b freqüência de mortalidade por ela causada; e c freqüência de lesões e de cancros, com os seus respectivos posicionamentos, se basais e altos, e os seus aprofundamentos ou superficialidades nos troncos, bem como os seus tamanhos, se pequenos ou grandes. Para cada genótipo calculou-se um índice de doença por infecções naturais (IDIN. Para facilitar as comparações entre os genótipos testados, o IDIN do clone mais suscetível foi dividido por um fator, de modo a deixá-lo igual a 100. Esse mesmo fator dividiu também os IDINs dos demais genótipos. Finalmente, os clones foram agrupados nas categorias AS (altamente suscetíveis, MS (moderadamente suscetíveis, MR (moderadamente suscetíveis e AR (altamente resistentes ou imunes. Cada categoria agrupou genótipos cuja média de seus IDIN foi significativamente diferente da das demais, mediante o teste de contraste de médias.A new methodology is presented for susceptibility or resistance evaluation of Eucalyptus grandis clones, at five years of age, naturally infected by Cryphonectria canker in the state of Amapá, Brazil. The adopted parameters were frequencies of disease incidence, mortality, frequencies of lesions and cankers considering trunk position, depth, and size. These parameters are directly or indirectly related to the expression of defense mechanisms at bark and xylem levels. A disease index in percentage (IDIN was calculated for each clone. To facilitate comparing IDIN's of the genotypes, the IDIN of the most susceptible clone

Effect of moisture availability on wood density and vessel characteristics of Eucalyptus grandis in the warm temperate region of South Africa

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Naidoo, Sasha

2006-09-01

Full Text Available intolerant of adverse conditions, and performs poorly when planted on shallow soils and/or on dry sites. A study was conducted to assess the effect of moisture availability on the wood density and vessel characteristics of E. grandis grown in the warm...

Deformação Residual Longitudinal de Clones de Eucalyptus em Local Sujeito a Ventos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Leite Braz

2017-07-01

Full Text Available RESUMO Durante o desenvolvimento das árvores, esforços mecânicos são gerados com o intuito de mantê-la em equilíbrio e ereta em resposta a diversos fatores ambientais. Estes esforços são conhecidos como tensões de crescimento e variam na sua distribuição e intensidade nas diferentes espécies do gênero Eucalyptus. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar a deformação residual longitudinal (DRL e sua relação com as características de crescimento da árvore, propriedade física e mecânica da madeira de clones do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis com 30 e 35 meses de idade, em plantios florestais na região do Vale do Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, em áreas sujeita a forte ação dos ventos, que tem como consequência o tombamento e até mesmo a quebra dessas árvores. A DRL média foi de 0,086mm, e quando associada as outras características da madeira, as correlações não foram significativas. As características de crescimento das árvores, a densidade básica, o módulo de elasticidade (MOE e módulo de ruptura (MOR e trabalho absorvido não foram suficientes para explicar o comportamento da DRL.

The gall wasp Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) stimulates different chemical and phytohormone responses in two Eucalyptus varieties that vary in susceptibility to galling.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, X Q; Liu, Y Z; Guo, W F; Solanki, M K; Yang, Z D; Xiang, Y; Ma, Z C; Wen, Y G

2017-09-01

Gall-inducing insects produce various types of galls on plants, but little is known about the gall-induction mechanism of these galling insects. The gall wasp Leptocybe invasa Fisher & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) forms galls of different sizes on several Eucalyptus species. To clarify the physiological responses of Eucalyptus to L. invasa infestation, we measured the dynamics of nitrogen (N), carbon (C), total phenolics, total tannins and four types of phytohormones (zeatin [Z] + zeatin riboside [ZR], gibberellins [GA], indole-3-acetic acid [IAA] and abscisic acid [ABA]) in galled and ungalled leaf tissues of two Eucalyptus horticultural varieties (DH201-2 [Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis] and EA [Eucalyptus exserta]) with different susceptibility to galling throughout the larval developmental stages. Nitrogen, total phenolics, tannins and four kinds of phytohormones strongly accumulated in tissues galled by L. invasa (especially during early larval feeding stages). While N, Z + ZR and GA levels were higher, tannins and ABA levels were lower in the galled tissues on the highly susceptible variety. Nitrogen, total phenolics, GA, Z + ZR and IAA levels in the galled tissues gradually decreased during gall development, but ABA and tannins conversely increased in the galled tissues of the less susceptible variety. Our results suggest that the effects of gall-inducing insects on plants depend not only on the susceptibility of the plant infested but also on the developmental stage of galled tissues. Gall formation process is thus synergistically influenced by both gall-inducing insect and plant genotypes. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Recuperação de áreas contaminadas por pesticidas organoclorados na Cidade dos Meninos, município de Duque de Caxias, RJ Recovery of soils contaminated by organochlorine pesticides in Cidade dos Meninos, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Buosi

2004-06-01

Full Text Available O Serviço Nacional de Malária operacionalizou uma fábrica de pesticidas organoclorados utilizados em campanhas de saúde pública (HCH e DDT entre 1950 e 1965, na Cidade dos Meninos, no município de Duque de Caxias, RJ, visando combater doenças rurais endêmicas. Após denúncia na mídia, em 1989, a FEEMA detectou que, com a desativação da fábrica, foram deixados resíduos da produção dos pesticidas, causando a contaminação do solo. Neste trabalho foram realizadas análises foliares e de solo em dois talhões de espécies de eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis e Corymbia citriodora (Hook. K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Jhonson, com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial da espécie como fitorremediador de área contaminada por organoclorados. Coletaram-se cinco amostras compostas de folhas (três do C. citriodora e duas do E. grandis e uma composta de solo em cada um dos talhões estudados para análise de organoclorados por cromatografia gasosa. As alturas médias dos talhões de E. grandis e C. citriodora foram, respectivamente, de 9,1 e 16,8 com diâmetros médios de 7,8 e 15,95 cm; a média de C. citriodora foi similar à de outros plantios em regiões de mata atlântica, ficando a de E. grandis pouco abaixo. Detectou-se a presença de organoclorados nas folhas analisadas, porém em baixas concentrações. Nos solos, as concentrações encontradas foram altas, sendo maiores no talhão de E. grandis. Os resultados foram comparados com análises prévias na área, indicando que as espécies atuaram como fitorremediadoras, especialmente o C. citriodora, uma vez que houve redução na contaminação do solo e absorção dos organoclorados pelas folhas.The Malaria National Service built a factory of organoclorine pesticides used in public health campaigns (HCH and DDT between 1950 and 1965, at Cidade dos Meninos, in the municipal district of Duque de Caxias/RJ to control the dissemination of endemic rural diseases. After a media outcry, in 1989, FEEMA

A high-density Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT microarray for genome-wide genotyping in Eucalyptus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Myburg Alexander A

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background A number of molecular marker technologies have allowed important advances in the understanding of the genetics and evolution of Eucalyptus, a genus that includes over 700 species, some of which are used worldwide in plantation forestry. Nevertheless, the average marker density achieved with current technologies remains at the level of a few hundred markers per population. Furthermore, the transferability of markers produced with most existing technology across species and pedigrees is usually very limited. High throughput, combined with wide genome coverage and high transferability are necessary to increase the resolution, speed and utility of molecular marker technology in eucalypts. We report the development of a high-density DArT genome profiling resource and demonstrate its potential for genome-wide diversity analysis and linkage mapping in several species of Eucalyptus. Findings After testing several genome complexity reduction methods we identified the PstI/TaqI method as the most effective for Eucalyptus and developed 18 genomic libraries from PstI/TaqI representations of 64 different Eucalyptus species. A total of 23,808 cloned DNA fragments were screened and 13,300 (56% were found to be polymorphic among 284 individuals. After a redundancy analysis, 6,528 markers were selected for the operational array and these were supplemented with 1,152 additional clones taken from a library made from the E. grandis tree whose genome has been sequenced. Performance validation for diversity studies revealed 4,752 polymorphic markers among 174 individuals. Additionally, 5,013 markers showed segregation when screened using six inter-specific mapping pedigrees, with an average of 2,211 polymorphic markers per pedigree and a minimum of 859 polymorphic markers that were shared between any two pedigrees. Conclusions This operational DArT array will deliver 1,000-2,000 polymorphic markers for linkage mapping in most eucalypt pedigrees

A technique to identify annual growth rings in Eucalyptus grandis using annual measurements of diameter at breast height and gamma ray densitometry

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Naidoo, Sasha

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A technique was developed to identify annual growth rings in E. grandis using a combination of annual measurements of diameter at breast height (DBH) from permanent sample plot (PSP) datasets and bark-pith density profiles. By assessing the pattern...

Dual RNA-sequencing of Eucalyptus nitens during Phytophthora cinnamomi challenge reveals pathogen and host factors influencing compatibility

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Febe Elizabeth Meyer

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Damage caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands remains an important concern on forest tree species. The pathogen causes root and collar rot, stem cankers and dieback of various economically important Eucalyptus spp. In South Africa, susceptible cold tolerant Eucalyptus plantations have been affected by various Phytophthora spp. with P. cinnamomi considered one of the most virulent. The molecular basis of this compatible interaction is poorly understood. In this study, susceptible Eucalyptus nitens plants were stem inoculated with P. cinnamomi and tissue was harvested five days post inoculation. Dual RNA-sequencing, a technique which allows the concurrent detection of both pathogen and host transcripts during infection, was performed. Approximately 1% of the reads mapped to the draft genome of P. cinnamomi while 78% of the reads mapped to the Eucalyptus grandis genome. The highest expressed P. cinnamomi gene in planta was a putative crinkler effector (CRN1. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the high similarity of this P. cinnamomi CRN1 to that of Phytophthora infestans. Some CRN effectors are known to target host nuclei to suppress defense. In the host, over 1400 genes were significantly differentially expressed in comparison to mock inoculated trees, including suites of pathogenesis related (PR genes. In particular, a PR-9 peroxidase gene with a high similarity to a Carica papaya PR-9 ortholog previously shown to be suppressed upon infection by Phytophthora palmivora was down-regulated two-fold. This PR-9 gene may represent a cross-species effector target during P. cinnamomi infection. This study identified pathogenicity factors, potential manipulation targets and attempted host defense mechanisms activated by E. nitens that contributed to the susceptible outcome of the interaction.

Efeitos da purificação e do enriquecimento do creosoto vegetal na preservação da madeira de Eucalyptus grandis, após 48 meses de instalação do ensaio de campo Effects of the purification and enrichment of wood tar creosote on preservation of Eucalyptus grandis wood, after 48 months of field testing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juarez Benigno Paes

2002-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da purificação e do enriquecimento do creosoto vegetal contra xilófagos, após 48 meses de instalação do ensaio de campo. Por destilação do alcatrão vegetal, obteve-se o creosoto vegetal bruto (creosoto 1, recuperado à temperatura de 110-255 °C. Uma fração dos destilados foi lavada com solução a 9% de bicarbonato de sódio, para obter o creosoto vegetal purificado (creosoto 2. Os creosotos 1 e 2 foram enriquecidos com 3% de naftenato de cobre; 3% de naftenato de zinco; 3% de naftenato de cobalto; 2% de TBTO; 2% de tribromofenato de tributil-estanho; 2% de pentaclorofenol; ou 0,4% de trióxido de arsênico. Estacas obtidas do alburno de Eucalyptus grandis foram tratadas pelo processo de célula cheia. A eficiência das soluções de creosoto vegetal foi comparada com a do creosoto mineral. O ensaio foi instalado em três localidades (Viçosa, Ponte Nova e Leopoldina. Os resultados indicam que o creosoto 2 + pentaclorofenol foi superior aos creosotos 1 e 2 + TBTO, aos creosotos 1 e 2 + naftenato de zinco e ao creosoto 1 puro, sendo semelhante ao creosoto mineral. O creosoto 2 foi superior ao creosoto 1 apenas para a localidade de Leopoldina. De modo geral, a vida média da madeira não-tratada ficou entre 12 e 24 meses, a da madeira tratada com o creosoto 1 + TBTO entre 24 e 37 meses e a da tratada com o creosoto 1 + naftenato de zinco entre 37 e 48 meses e a com o creosoto 1 + naftenato de cobalto, creosoto 2 puro e creosoto 2 + naftenato de zinco ou TBTO foi de 48 meses. No atual estágio da pesquisa, não é possível estimar a vida média da madeira tratada com as demais soluções preservativas testadas, pois ainda não atingiram os 60% das estacas quebradas.The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of purifying and enriching wood tar creosote against wood decay after 48 months in field testing. By distillation of wood tar, the crude wood tar (creosote 1 was

Modelagem do balanço hídrico em microbacia cultivada com plantio comercial de Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla no leste de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André Quintão Almeida

2013-06-01

Full Text Available No Brasil, o número de plantios comerciais de espécies florestais de crescimento rápido vem aumentando consideravelmente nas últimas décadas. Contudo, os possíveis impactos desse aumento sobre os recursos hídricos ainda são desconhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a modelagem do balanço hídrico em uma microbacia cultivada com plantio comercial de híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla no Leste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O trabalho foi realizado em uma microbacia experimental com área total de 40 ha durante o ano hidrológico, compreendido entre outubro de 2009 e setembro de 2010. A principal entrada de água no sistema via precipitação pluvial e os dados meteorológicos foram coletados por uma estação automática instalada no interior da área de estudo. As principais saídas foram estimadas pela equação modificada de Penman-Monteith e pela mensuração do deflúvio gerado na saída da bacia. Do total precipitado (1.123 mm durante o ano, 9% (106 mm retornaram à atmosfera via interceptação, 66% (740 mm via transpiração da cultura e 11% (119 mm pela evaporação do solo, que somados corresponderam à aproximadamente 86% da entrada de água na microbacia. Do deflúvio total gerado (~147 mm, apenas 4,29 mm (0,4% foram convertidos em escoamento superficial. Pode-se concluir que durante o ano hidrológico monitorado o balanço entre as principais entradas e as saídas de água na microbacia foi equalizado, não comprometendo a disponibilidade hídrica natural no curso d'água.

Analysis of differences in field performance of vegetatively and seed ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The aim of this study was to establish whether roots of micropropagated Eucalyptus grandis × E. nitens differ in their vertical uprooting resistance and architecture when compared with those of macropropagated E. grandis × E. nitens and seed-propagated E. grandis and E. nitens. Uprooting resistance was significantly lower ...

Soil compaction and eucalyptus growth in response to forwarder traffic intensity and load Compactação do solo e crescimento de eucalipto influenciados pela intensidade de tráfego e carga de um forwarder

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sérgio Ricardo da Silva

2008-06-01

Full Text Available During timber exploitation in forest stands harvesting machines pass repeatedly along the same track and can cause soil compaction, which leads to soil erosion and restricted tree root growth. The level of soil compaction depends on the number of passes and weight of the wood load. This paper aimed to evaluate soil compaction and eucalyptus growth as affected by the number of passes and wood load of a forwarder. The study was carried out in Santa Maria de Itabira county, Minas Gerais State - Brazil, on a seven-year-old eucalyptus stand planted on an Oxisol. The trees were felled by chainsaw and manually removed. Plots of 144 m² (four rows 12 m long in a 3 x 2 m spacing were then marked off for the conduction of two trials. The first tested the traffic intensity of a forwarder which weighed 11,900 kg and carried 12 m³ wood (density of 480 kg m-3 and passed 2, 4, and 8 times along the same track. In the second trial, the forwarder carried loads of 4, 8, and 12 m³ of wood, and the machine was driven four times along the same track. In each plot, the passes affected four rows. Eucalyptus was planted in 30 x 30 x 30 cm holes on the compacted tracks. The soil in the area is clayey (470 clay and 440 g kg-1 sand content and at depths of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm, respectively, soil organic carbon was 406 and 272 g kg-1 and the moisture content during the trial 248 and 249 g kg-1. These layers were assessed for soil bulk density and water-stable aggregates. The infiltration rate was measured by a cylinder infiltrometer. After 441 days the measurements were repeated, with additional analyses of: soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, N-NH4+, N-NO3-, porosity, and penetration resistance. Tree height, stem diameter, and stem dry matter were measured. Forwarder traffic increased soil compaction, resistance to penetration and microporosity while it reduced the geometric mean diameter, total porosity, macroporosity and infiltration rate. Stem dry matter yield and

Competition for light and light use efficiency for Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis trees in mono-specific and mixed-species plantations in Brazil

Science.gov (United States)

Le Maire, G.; Nouvellon, Y.; Gonçalves, J.; Bouillet, J.; Laclau, J.

2010-12-01

Mixed plantations with N-fixing species might be an attractive option for limiting the use of fertilizer in highly productive Eucalyptus plantations. A randomized block design was set up in southern Brazil, including a replacement series and an additive series design, as well as a nitrogen fertilization treatment, and conducted during a full 6 years rotation. The gradient of competition between Eucalyptus and Acacia in this design resulted in very different conditions of growth of Acacia, from totally dominated up to dominant canopies. We used the MAESTRA model to estimate the amount of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) at tree level. This model requires the description of the scene and distinct structural variables of the two species, and their evolution with time. The competition for light is analysed by comparing the inter-specific values of APAR during a period of 2 years at the end of the rotation. APAR is further compared to the measured increment in stem wood biomass of the tree, and their ratio is an estimation of the light use efficiency for stemwood production at tree-scale. Variability of these LUE are analysed in respect to the species, the size of the tree, and at plot scale (competition level). Stemwood production was 3400, 3900 and 2400 gDM/m2 while APAR was 1640, 2280 and 2900 MJ/y for the pure Eucalyptus, pure Acacia and 50/50 mixed plantation, respectively, for an average LAI of 3.7, 3.3 and 4.5, respectively. Individual LUE for stemwood was estimated at an average value of 1.72 and 1.41 gDM/MJ/tree for Eucalyptus and Acacia, respectively, and at 0.92 and 0.40 gDM/MJ/tree when they were planted in mixed 50/50 plantations. LUE was highly dependant on tree size for both species. At the plot scale, LUE for stemwood were 2.1 gDM/MJ and 1.75 for Eucalyptus and Acacias, respectively, and 0.85 for the mixed 50/50 plantation. These results suggest that the mixed 50/50 plantation, which absorbed a higher amount of light, produce less

Caracterização bromatológica de oito linhagens de Lentinula edodes (Shiitake cultivadas em toras de Eucalyptus grandis Bromatological characterization of Lentinula edodes strains (Shiitake grown on Eucalyptus grandis logs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meire Cristina Nogueira de Andrade

2008-12-01

Full Text Available O Lentinula edodes é um alimento de qualidade elevada, sendo rico em proteínas, vitaminas e sais minerais e pobre em calorias e gorduras. No entanto, seu valor nutricional varia em função da linhagem cultivada, do processamento após a colheita, do estágio de desenvolvimento do basidioma e do substrato utilizado. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar bromatologicamente os basidiomas de oito linhagens de L. edodes (LE-95/01, LE-95/02, LE-95/07, LE-96/17, LE-96/18, LE-98/47, LE-98/55 e LE-96/13, inteiros ou em partes (estípete e píleo, produzidos em toras de E. grandis. Verificou-se que tanto as linhagens de L. edodes como as partes dos basidiomas analisados influenciaram nas respostas nutricionais das amostras. O estípete apresentou as maiores médias de fibra bruta e as menores médias de proteína bruta. O píleo, por sua vez, apresentou as maiores médias de cinzas. Nas avaliações de basidiomas inteiros, as maiores médias, quanto ao teor de proteína bruta, foram obtidas nas linhagens LE-95/07, LE-96/17 e LE-96/18. Já a maior média de fibra bruta foi obtida pela linhagem LE-96/13 de L. edodes. O conteúdo de lipídios do píleo e do estípete não variaram entre as linhagens de L. edodes.Lentinula edodes is high quality food which is rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals and poor in calories and fat. However, its nutritional value is variable according to the strain grown, processing after harvest, development stage of basidiomata, and substrate used. Thus, the objective of this paper was to carry out the bromatological characterization of basidiomatas from eight (LE-95/01, LE-95/02, LE-95/07, LE-96/17, LE-96/18, LE-98/47, LE-98/55 e LE-96/13 L. edodes strains, whole or in parts (stalk and pileus, produced in E. grandis logs. We verified that both the L. edodes strains and parts of basidiomatas analyzed influenced nutritional responses of the samples. The stalk presented the highest raw fiber averages and the

Genetic control of wood density and bark thickness, and their ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Tree diameter under and over bark at breast height (dbh), wood density and bark thickness were assessed on samples from control-pollinated families of Eucalyptus grandis, E. urophylla, E. grandis × E. urophylla and E. urophylla × E. grandis. The material was planted in field trials in the coastal Zululand region of South ...

Basic density and pulp yield relationship with some chemical parameters in eucalyptus trees Densidade e rendimento em polpa celulósica e sua relação com alguns parâmetros químicos no eucalipto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Maria Loureiro da Seca

2006-12-01

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of basic density and pulp yield correlations with some chemical parameters, in order to differentiate an homogeneous eucalyptus tree population, in terms of its potential for pulp production or some other technological applications. Basic density and kraft pulp yield were determined for 120 Eucalyptus globulus trees, and the values were plotted as frequency distributions. Homogenized samples from the first and fourth density quartiles and first and fourth yield quartiles were submitted to total phenols, total sugars and methoxyl group analysis. Syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G and syringaldehyde/vanillin (S/V ratios were determined on the kraft lignins from wood of the same quartiles. The results show the similarity between samples from high density and low yield quartiles, both with lower S/G (3.88-4.12 and S/V (3.99-4.09 ratios and higher total phenols (13.3-14.3 g gallic acid kg-1 . Woods from the high yield quartile are statistically distinguished from all the others because of their higher S/G (5.15 and S/V (4.98 ratios and lower total phenols (8.7 g gallic acid kg-1 . Methoxyl group and total sugars parameters are more adequate to distinguish wood samples with lower density.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicabilidade de correlações entre rendimento em polpa e densidade básica com alguns parâmetros químicos, para diferenciar uma população homogênea de árvores de eucalipto, em termos de capacidade de produção de polpa celulósica ou de outras aplicações. Determinou-se a densidade básica e o rendimento em polpa celulósica em 120 árvores de Eucalyptus globulus, e os resultados foram representados como distribuição de freqüências. Na madeira das árvores dos primeiro e quarto quartis de densidade e de rendimento, determinaram-se os teores de fenóis totais, açúcares totais e grupos metoxílicos. Nas respectivas ligninas kraft determinaram-se as razões seringilo

FORMA DE TRONCO E SORTIMENTOS DE MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, NA REGIÃO SUDESTE DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Renato Schneider

2005-07-01

Full Text Available No presente trabalho, foi estudada a forma de tronco do Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, com base em 261 árvores cubadas, cobrindo diâmetros entre 8,0 cm e 74,0 cm ao nível do dap (diâmetro à altura do peito originadas de florestas de propriedade da Aracruz Celulose S. A., localizadas em hortos florestais da Depressão Central e do Escudo Sul-Riograndense, no Rio Grande do Sul, para a determinação de volume e formação de sortimentos de madeira em duas classes: serraria, compreendendo toras com diâmetro na ponta fina superior a 25,0 cm com casca e com comprimentos de 5,60 metros, 4,20 metros e 2,80 metros, priorizando a formação de sortimentos com o maior comprimento; indústria, para troncos ou porções destes com diâmetros entre 8,0 cm e 25,0 cm com casca. O polinômio do quinto grau, tendo como variável dependente os diâmetros relativos (di/d e independente as alturas relativas (hi/h, foi selecionado para descrever a forma, com estratificação dos dados em três classes de diâmetro à altura do peito: diâmetro até 20,0 cm; entre 20,0 cm e 30,0 cm e maiores que 30,0 cm, com coeficientes de determinação superiores a 0,97 e erro padrão da estimativa inferior a 6,2 %, permitindo estimar o volume absoluto e relativo dos sortimentos por integração da função de forma. O ajuste do modelo para o conjunto de árvores cobrindo toda a amplitude de diâmetros gerou um coeficiente de determinação igual à 0,98 e erro padrão da estimativa igual a 6,54 % permitindo também selecionar o modelo para ajuste da forma e obtenção dos sortimentos.

Seleção de Fungicidas para Controle de Oídio em Eucalipto Selection of Fungicides for Control of Eucalypt Powdery Mildew

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafaela Mazur Bizi

2011-03-01

Full Text Available

Transferability of microsatellite markers located in candidate genes for wood properties between Eucalyptus species

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cintia V. Acuña

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Aim of study:  To analyze the feasibility of extrapolating conclusions on wood quality genetic control between different Eucalyptus species, particularly from species with better genomic information, to those less characterized. For this purpose, the first step is to analyze the conservation and cross-transferability of microsatellites markers (SSRs located in candidate genes.Area of study: Eucalyptus species implanted in Argentina coming from different Australian origins.Materials and methods: Twelve validated and polymorphic SSRs in candidate genes (SSR-CGs for wood quality in E. globulus were selected for cross species amplification in six species: E. grandis, E. saligna, E. dunnii, E. viminalis, E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis.Main results: High cross-species transferability (92% to 100% was found for the 12 polymorphic SSRs detected in E. globulus. These markers revealed allelic diversity in nine important candidate genes: cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR, cellulose synthase 3 (CesA3, the transcription factor LIM1, homocysteine S-methyltransferase (HMT, shikimate kinase (SK, xyloglucan endotransglycosylase 2 (XTH2, glutathione S-transferase (GST, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD and peroxidase (PER.Research highlights: The markers described are potentially suitable for comparative QTL mapping, molecular marker assisted breeding (MAB and for population genetic studies across different species within the subgenus Symphyomyrtus.Keywords: validation; cross-transferability; SSR; functional markers; eucalypts; Symphyomyrtus.

Study for exploitation of Eucalyptus bark generated in the process of manufacturing of wood panels; Estudo para aproveitamento de cascas de Eucalyptus geradas no processo de fabricacao de paineis de madeira

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saglietti, Jose Roberto Correa; Rezende, Marcos Antonio [Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBB/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Inst. de Biociencias de Botucatu. Dept. de Fisica e Biofisica], E-mail: jroberto@ibb.unesp.br; Santiago, Francisco Luiz Sanchez [Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP), Botucatu, SP (Brazil). Fac. de Ciencias Agronomicas

2009-07-01

In the wood fibreboard sheet manufacturing industries the use of Eucalyptus grandis has been used both as a raw material as well as fuel (biomass) for generating thermal energy as steam, water and hot air. This paper presents the results of a study obtained in a production plant at one facility in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. The generated amount of solid residues and barks, and also their heat energy, have been measured such that these residues can be used as fuel in steam boilers. The annual volume of wood applied for combustion has been 153,125 m{sup 3}/year at the plant in study. By leveraging the volume of the bark with wood saved for this purpose is 20,707 m{sup 3} / year, representing an annual savings of 13.52% of the average annual volume of wood to generate heat energy demanded by the facility under study. (author)

Análise técnica e econômica do forwarder em três subsistemas de colheita de florestas de eucalipto Technical and economic analysis of a forwarder under three eucalyptus forest harvest subsystems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luciano José Minette

2004-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar técnica e economicamente o forwarder em três subsistemas de colheita em florestas de eucalipto. A análise técnica englobou um estudo de tempos e movimentos e de produtividade. A análise econômica englobou os parâmetros custo operacional, custo de produção e rendimento energético. O elemento carregamento abrangeu mais de 80% do tempo total, em todos os subsistemas. Os tempos dos elementos viagem vazio e viagem carregado foram influenciados principalmente pela distância média a ser percorrida. Chegouse ao custo operacional de US$60,70/he. Os custos de produção do forwarder foram de 1,74, 1,53 e 2,51 US$/m³cc, nos subsistemas 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente; e o rendimento energético foi de 2,76, 2,42 e 3,98 g/kW*m³cc, nos subsistemas 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente.This work aimed to evaluate a forwarder, technically and economically, under three eucalyptus forest harvest subsystems. The technical analysis included a productivity and motion and time study. The economic analysis included the parameters operational cost, production cost and energy consumption. Loading consumed more than 80% of the total cycle time in the subsystems studied. The average travel distance influenced unloaded and loaded travel times. The forwarder's operational cost was US $ 60.70/ha. The forwarder production costs were US$ 1.74 , 1.53 and 2.51 /m³cc, in subsystems 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The energy consumption rates were 2.76; 2.42 and 3.98 g/kW*m³ cc, (FORMATAR in subsystems 1, 2 and 3, respectively.

Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio nas frações da matéria orgânica em argissolo sob eucalipto e pastagem

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodinei Facco Pegoraro

2011-06-01

Full Text Available O cultivo de florestas plantadas de eucalipto em áreas de pastagem tem propiciado alterações no estoque de C e N no solo, em especial pelas diferentes características de cada planta e manejo dos resíduos vegetais; o eucalipto pode localizar maior estoque de C e N originário de resíduos da parte aérea na camada superficial do solo, e aumentar a relação C/N dos resíduos vegetais em decomposição. Tais diferenças podem causar redução no estoque de C e N nas frações químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo, tanto nas frações mais lábeis, quanto nas mais recalcitrantes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os estoques de C orgânico total (COT e N total (NT, estoque de C e N nas substâncias húmicas (ácidos fúlvicos, húmicos e húminas, fração leve (C-MOL e N-MOL e biomassa microbiana (C-BM e N-BM em amostras de solos coletadas nas camadas de 0-0,10, 0,10-0,20, 0,20-0,40, 0,40-0,60 e 0,60-1,00 m de profundidade, na linha (EL e entrelinha (EEL do solo sob cultivo de eucalipto na quarta rotação com seis anos de idade, e em área de pastagem cultivada com brachiaria (P. O estoque de carbono orgânico total e de carbono na fração leve do solo nas primeiras camadas do solo (até 0,60 m foi superior na entrelinha do eucalipto em comparação àquele cultivado com pastagem e na linha de cultivo do eucalipto, possivelmente favorecido pela incorporação de resíduos da colheita do ciclo anterior de eucalipto na atual entrelinha. Por meio da determinação da abundância natural de 13C na camada de 0-0,20m de solo verificou-se que 29 e 37% do carbono presente na matéria orgânica do solo (MOS após 28 anos de cultivo derivaram do eucalipto (planta C3, respectivamente, na linha e entrelinha, o que correspondeu à taxa de ciclagem média da MOS nesse solo de 1,04% (linha e 1,32% (entrelinha ao ano. No solo da entrelinha, observou-se que o C-C3 proveniente do eucalipto incrementou o estoque de C orgânico do solo, mesmo com a

Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science - Vol 75, No 4 (2013)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Water relations of Eucalyptus nitens x Eucalyptus grandis: is there interclonal variation in response to experimentally imposed water stress? EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. ME Oscar Mokotedi ...

Transcriptional profiles of hybrid Eucalyptus genotypes with contrasting lignin content reveal that monolignol biosynthesis-related genes regulate wood composition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomotaka eShinya

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Eucalyptus species constitutes the most widely planted hardwood trees in temperate and subtropical regions. In this study, we compared the transcript levels of genes involved in lignocellulose formation such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin biosynthesis in two selected three-year old hybrid Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis genotypes (AM063 and AM380 that have different lignin content. AM063 and AM380 had 20.2 and 35.5% of Klason lignin content and 59.0% and 48.2%, -cellulose contents, respectively. We investigated the correlation between wood properties and transcript levels of wood formation-related genes using RNA-seq with total RNAs extracted from developing xylem tissues at a breast height. Transcript levels of cell wall construction genes such as cellulose synthase (CesA and sucrose synthase (SUSY were almost the same in both genotypes. However, AM063 exhibited higher transcript levels of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP and xyloglucan endotransglucoxylase (XTH than those in AM380. Most monolignol biosynthesis- related isozyme genes showed higher transcript levels in AM380. These results indicate monolignol biosynthesis-related genes may regulate wood composition in Eucalyptus. Flavonoids contents were also observed at much higher levels in AM380 as a result of the elevated transcript levels of common phenylpropanoid pathway genes, phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL. Secondary plant cell wall formation is regulated by many transcription factors. We analyzed genes encoding NAC, WRKY, AP2/ERF and KNOX transcription factors and found higher transcript levels of these genes in AM380. We also observed increased transcription of some MYB and LIM domain transcription factors in AM380 compared to AM063. All these results show that genes related to monolignol biosynthesis may regulate the wood composition and help maintain the ratio of cellulose and lignin contents

Seleção de progênies de eucalipto pelo índice Z por MQM e Blup

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristiane Aparecida Fioravante Reis

2011-05-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do índice Z (índice somatório das variáveis padronizadas na seleção de progênies de irmãos completos entre Eucalyptus grandis e Eucalyptus urophylla via método dos quadrados mínimos (MQM e da melhor predição linear não viesada (Blup. Os experimentos foram realizados em dois tipos de solo e de ambiente, em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições, oito plantas por parcela e espaçamento de 3x2 m. Aos três anos de idade, as plantas foram avaliadas quanto ao incremento médio anual de madeira, à densidade básica, ao rendimento de celulose e ao álcali efetivo. Para a comparação da eficiência da seleção das melhores progênies, pelos procedimentos MQM e Blup, foi obtido o índice Z para cada indivíduo. Posteriormente, foram obtidas as médias preditas das progênies para o índice Z, ranqueadas em sentido favorável ao melhoramento. O índice clássico também foi utilizado. A coincidência entre as melhores progênies selecionadas pelos índices clássico e Z foi boa. No entanto, o índice Z permite visualização gráfica, o que possibilita verificar em quais caracteres uma determinada progênie apresenta alguma deficiência. Não há diferença entre as melhores progênies selecionadas pelo índice Z via MQM e Blup.

An experimental test of rainfall as a control agent of Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera, Psyllidae on seedlings of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn (Myrtaceae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karla N. Oliveira

2012-03-01

Full Text Available An experimental test of rainfall as a control agent of Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera, Psyllidae on seedlings of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn (Myrtaceae. Glycaspis brimblecombei is one the greatest threats to eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. The effects of rainfall to reduce the abundance of lerp of Glycaspis brimblecombei on experimentally infested seedlings of Eucalyptus camaldulensis were assessed. The number of lerps on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of every leaf of 60 seedlings was recorded, before and after submission to the following treatments: "artificial rain", "leaf wetting" and control. A drastic reduction in lerp abundance per plant was observed after the treatments "leaf wetting" and artificial rain (F = 53.630; p Teste experimental da chuva como agente de controle de Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera, Psyllidae em mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn (Myrtaceae. Glycaspis brimblecombei é uma das maiores ameaças das plantações de eucalipto do Brasil. Foram avaliados os efeitos da água na redução da abundância de conchas desse inseto em mudas de Eucalyptus camaldulensis infestadas experimentalmente. Foi quantificado o número de conchas nas superfícies adaxial e abaxial de todas as folhas de 60 mudas, antes e após a aplicação dos seguintes tratamentos: "chuva artificial", "molhamento das folhas" e controle. Foi observada uma drástica redução na abundância de conchas nos tratamentos "chuva artificial" e "molhamento das folhas" (F = 53,630; p < 0,001, o que não ocorreu para o tratamento controle ao longo do experimento (F = 1,450; p = 0,232. Ao final do experimento, a abundância de conchas foi significativamente menor no tratamento "chuva artificial" e "molhamento das folhas" do que no tratamento controle. Dessa forma, dois dias de chuva mostraram ser eficientes para diminuir mais que 50% da população de conchas, com quase 100% de eficiência após 5 dias de experimento. Nossos resultados

Tamanho amostral para a estimativa da densidade básica em um clone híbrido de Eucalyptus sp. Sample size for estimating basic density in a clone of Eucalyptus sp. hybrid.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Franciane Andrade de PÁDUA

2015-06-01

Full Text Available As diversas formas de se amostrar a madeira para o estudo de suas propriedades levam em consideração a acurácia, o tempo e o custo de processamento e coleta do material. No entanto, a forma e intensidade da amostragem considerada pode não captar corretamente a variabilidade dessas propriedades ou até mesmo negligenciá-la. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o número de árvores necessárias para a estimativa da densidade básica média da árvore em um clone de híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis considerando diferentes formas de amostragem e classes de diâmetro. Foram utilizadas 50 árvores de um clone do hibrido, aos 5,6 anos. As árvores foram distribuídas em três classes de diâmetro e amostradas na forma de discos, a partir de três propostas: tradicional (0%, 25%, 50%,75% e 100% da altura comercial Hc; alternativa (2%, 10%, 30% e 70% Hc e de metro em metro a partir do DAP. Não houve diferença entre o número de árvores requeridas para a estimativa da densidade do clone por forma de amostragem, admitindo-se um erro de 5% e intervalo de confiança de 95%. A amostragem alternativa foi a mais eficiente considerando a intensidade da amostragem no tronco e o coeficiente de variação. A classificação diamétrica resultou em um número maior de árvores para estimar a densidade média, em função da maior variação da propriedade dentro de classes do que dentro do método de amostragem. There are several methods of collecting wood samples for the study of their properties, which consider the accuracy, time and cost of collecting and processing the material. However, often the variation pattern of ownership in the tree is neglected. Depending on the shape and size of the sample in the study the variability of the properties of the wood cannot be properly captured. The aim of this study was to estimate the number of trees needed to estimate the average basic density of the tree in a Eucalyptus urophylla x

Eucalyptus oil poisoning.

OpenAIRE

Patel, S; Wiggins, J

1980-01-01

Accidental ingestion of eucalyptus oil by a 3-year-old boy caused profound central nervous system depression within 30 minutes, but he recovered rapidly after gastric lavage. The extreme toxicity of eucalyptus oil is emphasised.

Análise do desempenho da máquina 'slingshot' em subsistemas de colheita em florestas de eucalipto Analysis of the performance of a slingshot machine in subsystems of eucalyptus forest harvesting

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Amaury P. de Souza

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Com este trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar, técnica e economicamente, o 'slingshot' em diferentes subsistemas de colheita em florestas de eucalipto. A análise técnica englobou um estudo de tempos e movimentos e produtividade, e a análise econômica envolveu os parâmetros custo operacional, custo de produção e rendimento energético. O elemento processamento nos subsistemas 1 e 2 consumiu mais da metade do tempo do ciclo operacional; já no subsistema 3 os elementos busca e corte, e processamento representaram, juntos, cerca de 75% do tempo do ciclo total. Chegou-se ao custo operacional de US$ 68,45 ha-1 nos subsistemas 1 e 2 e de US$70,78 ha-1 no subsistema 3. Nos subsistemas 1, 2 e 3 os custos de produção do 'slingshot' foram de US$ 1,67; 2,02 e 5,47 m-3 (com casca, respectivamente. O rendimento energético foi de 3,60; 4,37 e 11,42 g kW-1 m-3 com casca, respectivamente.This work had the objective to evaluate technically and economically a slingshot machine in different timber harvesting subsystems in eucalyptus forests. The analysis technique included productivity and a motion and time study. The economic analysis included the parameters- operational cost, production cost, and energy consumption rate. The element processing in subsystems 1 and 2 consumed more than half of the operational cycle time. In the subsystem 3, the elements searching and cutting trees and processing represented together about 75% of the total cycle time. The operational cost was US$68.45 ha-1 in the subsystems 1 and 2 and US$70.78 ha-1 in the subsystems 3. The slingshot production costs were US$ 1.67; 2.02 and 5.47 m-3, in the subsystems 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The energy consumption rate were 3.60; 4.37 and 11.42 g kW-1 m-3, in the subsystems 1. 2 and 3, respectively.

COMPARISON BETWEEN WOOD DRYING DEFECT SCORES: SPECIMEN TESTING X ANALYSIS OF KILN-DRIED BOARDS

OpenAIRE

Djeison Cesar Batista; Márcio Pereira da Rocha; Ricardo Jorge Klitzke

2015-01-01

It is important to develop drying technologies for Eucalyptus grandis lumber, which is one of the most planted species of this genus in Brazil and plays an important role as raw material for the wood industry. The general aim of this work was to assess the conventional kiln drying of juvenile wood of three clones of Eucalyptus grandis. The specific aims were to compare the behavior between: i) drying defects indicated by tests with wood specimens and conventional kiln-dried boards; and ii) ph...

Effect of silicon application to Eucalyptus camaldulensis on the population of Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dalva Luiz de Queiroz

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The use of silicon in forestry has increased recently as it is directly related to improved resistance to insect pests. The red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei, occurs in all eucalypt producing regions in Brazil. Two field experiments were conducted to study the effect of silicon applied to Eucalyptus camaldulensis on the psyllid population. In the first experiment, the applications were made via soil (calcium silicate and leaves (potassium silicate in a nine months old E. camaldulensis plantation. In the second experiment, we evaluated silicon on seedlings, incorporating it into the substrate (soil or applying it on leaves (foliar. Monthly, for 24 months, the number of psyllid eggs and immatures were counted on leaf samples. The plant height was measured at 9, 12, 16 and 24 months (experiment 1 and at 4, 8, 12 and 24 months (experiment 2 after application. The numbers of eggs and immatures were lower in periods of higher precipitation, indicating less psyllid attack during the rainy season. The psyllid population was lower in treatments with application of silicon both foliar and via soil compared to control. No significant differences were found in the height of E. camaldulensis plants. O uso do silício na área florestal tem aumentado recentemente, pois o elemento está relacionado a uma melhoria na resistência a insetos pragas. O psilídeo de concha, Glycaspis brimblecombei é encontrado em todas as regiões produtoras de eucalipto no Brasil. O efeito do silício aplicado em Eucalyptus camaldulensis, na população do psilídeo, foi estudado em dois ensaios. No primeiro experimento, as aplicações foram via solo (silicato de cálcio e foliar (silicato de potássio em uma plantação de nove meses. No segundo experimento, este mineral foi aplicado em mudas de eucalipto, no substrato ou sobre as folhas. Mensalmente, durante 24 meses, ovos e imaturos de G. brimblecombei foram amostrados nas folhas. A altura das plantas foi medida

Actividad antianémica de la Cassia grandis L. The antianemic activity of Cassia grandis L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juana Tillán Capó

2004-12-01

Full Text Available La población de la zona oriental de Cuba refiere los efectos beneficiosos del uso tradicional de la Cassia grandis L. en la anemia, con la utilización del polvo seco obtenido del fruto como un suplemento nutricional. El objetivo fue evaluar dicho efecto en un modelo experimental de anemia ferropénica en ratas, inducido por sucesivas extracciones de sangre y administración de una dieta carente de hierro. Todos los animales fueron sometidos durante 15 días a una dieta semisintética deficiente en hierro y a extracciones de sangre 3 veces por semana hasta lograr concentraciones de hemoglobina en sangre menores de 9 g/dL. Se formaron 3 grupos y se mantuvo la misma dieta: grupo I sin suplementar, grupo II suplementado con 15 mg de hierro/kg de dieta y grupo III la misma cantidad de hierro más 750 mg/kg de peso corporal de polvo seco de Cassia grandis L. durante otros 15 días. Al finalizar se determinaron las concentraciones de hierro, hemoglobina y hematócrito en sangre. Las concentraciones medias de hemoglobina al cabo de los 15 días de tratamiento fueron significativamente diferentes en los 3 grupos experimentales, con resultados mayores en el grupo suplementado con hierro y Cassia grandis L.; también en este grupo se observó un incremento significativo de los valores medios de hierro en plasma en relación con los valores obtenidos en los animales no suplementados y en los animales que recibieron solamente hierro en la dieta. El porcentaje de hematócrito no mostró diferencia significativa entre tratamiento. Los resultados corroboran el uso popular y tradicional de la Cassia grandis L. en los estados anémicos, al mejorar la utilización del hiero y la producción de hemoglobina.The population of the eastern zone of Cuba refers to the benefitial effects of the traditional use of Cassia grandis L. in anemia by using dry powder obtained from the fruit as a nutritional supplement. The objective was to evaluate this effect in an

Comparative transcriptional analysis provides new insights into the molecular basis of adventitious rooting recalcitrance in Eucalyptus.

Science.gov (United States)

de Almeida, Márcia Rodrigues; de Bastiani, Daniela; Gaeta, Marcos Letaif; de Araújo Mariath, Jorge Ernesto; de Costa, Fernanda; Retallick, Jeffrey; Nolan, Lana; Tai, Helen H; Strömvik, Martina V; Fett-Neto, Arthur Germano

2015-10-01

Adventitious rooting (AR) is essential in clonal propagation. Eucalyptus globulus is relevant for the cellulose industry due to its low lignin content. However, several useful clones are recalcitrant to AR, often requiring exogenous auxin, adding cost to clonal garden operations. In contrast, E. grandis is an easy-to-root species widely used in clonal forestry. Aiming at contributing to the elucidation of recalcitrance causes in E. globulus, we conducted a comparative analysis with these two species differing in rooting competence, combining gene expression and anatomical techniques. Recalcitrance in E. globulus is reversed by exposure to exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which promotes important gene expression modifications in both species. The endogenous content of IAA was significantly higher in E. grandis than in E. globulus. The cambium zone was identified as an active area during AR, concentrating the first cell divisions. Immunolocalization assay showed auxin accumulation in cambium cells, further indicating the importance of this region for rooting. We then performed a cambium zone-specific gene expression analysis during AR using laser microdissection. The results indicated that the auxin-related genes TOPLESS and IAA12/BODENLOS and the cytokinin-related gene ARR1may act as negative regulators of AR, possibly contributing to the hard-to-root phenotype of E. globulus. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Species discrimination, population structure and linkage disequilibrium in Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus tereticornis using SSR markers.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shanmugapriya Arumugasundaram

Full Text Available Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. tereticornis are closely related species commonly cultivated for pulp wood in many tropical countries including India. Understanding the genetic structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD existing in these species is essential for the improvement of industrially important traits. Our goal was to evaluate the use of simple sequence repeat (SSR loci for species discrimination, population structure and LD analysis in these species. Investigations were carried out with the most common alleles in 93 accessions belonging to these two species using 62 SSR markers through cross amplification. The polymorphic information content (PIC ranged from 0.44 to 0.93 and 0.36 to 0.93 in E. camaldulensis and E. tereticornis respectively. A clear delineation between the two species was evident based on the analysis of population structure and species-specific alleles. Significant genotypic LD was found in E. camaldulensis, wherein out of 135 significant pairs, 17 pairs showed r(2≥0.1. Similarly, in E. tereticornis, out of 136 significant pairs, 18 pairs showed r(2≥0.1. The extent of LD decayed rapidly showing the significance of association analyses in eucalypts with higher resolution markers. The availability of whole genome sequence for E. grandis and the synteny and co-linearity in the genome of eucalypts, will allow genome-wide genotyping using microsatellites or single nucleotide polymorphims.

Avaliação operacional e econômica do "feller-buncher" em dois subsistemas de colheita de florestas de eucalipto Technical and economic analysis of a feller-buncher in two harvest subsystems of eucalyptus forests

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fábio Murilo Tieghi Moreira

2004-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar técnica e economicamente o feller-buncher em dois subsistemas de colheita em florestas de eucalipto. A análise técnica englobou um estudo de tempos e movimentos e de produtividade. A análise econômica englobou os parâmetros custo operacional, custo de produção e rendimento energético. O elemento parcial que consumiu a maior parte do tempo do ciclo operacional foi o busca e corte, com aproximadamente 50% do tempo total do ciclo nos dois subsistemas. Os elementos deslocamento vazio e descarregamento consumiram cerca de 39% do tempo total do ciclo do feller-buncher. O custo operacional do feller-buncher foi de US$55,27/he; os custos de produção foram de 1,69 e 1,55 US$/m³cc, nos subsistemas 1 e 2, respectivamente; e o rendimento energético foi de 4,45 e 4,09 g/kW*m³cc, nos subsistemas 1 e 2, respectivamente.This work aimed to evaluate a feller-buncher operationally and economically, under two eucalyptus forest harvest subsystems. The operational analysis included a productivity and motion and time study. The economic analysis included the parameters operational cost, production cost and energy consumption. Searching and cutting consumed most of the operational time, approximately 50% of the total cycle time in both subsystems. Empty displacement and unloading consumed together about 39% of the total feller-buncher cycle time. The feller-buncher operational cost was US$55.27/he. The production costs were US$1.69 and 1.55/m³cc in subsystems 1 and 2, respectively. The energy consumption rates were 4.45 and 4.09 g/kW*m³cc in subsystems 1 and 2, respectively.

Abelhas Euglossina (Hymenoptera, Apidae coletadas em uma monocultura de eucalipto circundada por Cerrado em Urbano Santos, Maranhão, Brasil Euglossina bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae collected in an eucalyptus monoculture surounded by Cerrado, Urbano Santos, MA, Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernanda N. Mendes

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Machos de Euglossina foram coletados por meio de iscas-odores de benzoato de benzila, eucaliptol, eugenol, salicilato de metila e vanilina em uma monocultura de eucalipto circundada por cerrado, no município de Urbanos Santos, Maranhão. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, de abril de 2001 a abril de 2002, entre 8h e 16h, totalizando 96 horas de amostragem. Foram coletados 58 indivíduos de 3 gêneros e 10 espécies. Euglossa Latreille, 1802 foi o gênero mais abundante, seguido por Eufriesea Cockerell, 1909 e Eulaema Lepeletier, 1841. As espécies mais freqüentes foram Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758, Euglossa gaianii Dressler, 1982 e Euglossa modestior (Dressler, 1982. Eucaliptol foi a essência mais atrativa. As maiores freqüências de visitas ocorreram no período da manhã e as maiores abundâncias em setembro, no período de estiagem, e em dezembro, no período chuvoso.Males of Euglossina bees were collected in benzil benzoate, eucaliptol, eugenol, methyl salicylate and vanillin scent baits in an eucalyptus monoculture surrounded by cerrado, located in the municipality of Urbano Santos, Maranhão. The collections were carried out monthly, from April 2001 to April 2002, between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m., totaling 96 hours of sampling, resulting in 58 individuals of 3 genera and 10 species. Euglossa Latreille, 1802 was the most abundant genus, followed by Eufriesea Cockerell, 1909 and Eulaema Lepeletier, 1841. The most frequent species were Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758, Euglossa gaianii Dressler, 1982 and Euglossa modestior (Dressler, 1982. Eucaliptol was the most attractive chemical bait. The highest frequencies of visits were in the morning and the highest abundance in September, in the drought period, and December, in the rainy period.

Deposição de folhedo e fluxo de nutrientes em eucalipto geneticamente modificado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Luiz Ferraresso Conti Júnior

2017-03-01

Full Text Available A deposição de folhedo é um dos principais indicadores de ciclagem de nutrientes em plantios florestais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica de deposição de folhedo, o fluxo dos nutrientes copa-solo via folhedo e a decomposição desse material em um plantio experimental de eucalipto geneticamente modificado. Não foram observadas alterações significativas na produção de folhedo ou no fluxo de nutrientes devido à transformação do eucalipto. As maiores variações observadas foram entre os dois clones estudados, mas foram inferiores às observadas comumente com as mudanças dos tratos silviculturais.

ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake SOB DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS NA REGIÃO DE CERRADOS DE MINAS GERAIS NUTRITIONAL STATE OF Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake PLANTATIONS UNDER DIFFERENT SPACINGS IN THE SAVANNAH OF THE MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Cargnelutti Filho

2007-09-01

Full Text Available

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional de populações de eucaliptos (Eucalyptus urophylla, om três anos de idade, plantadas em diferentes densidades, nos eguintes espaçamentos: 3,0 m x 2,0 m,0; 3,0 m x 3,0 m; 3,0 m x ,0 m,0; 3,0 m x 5,0 m; 4,0 m x 2,25 m; 6,0 m x 1,5 m; 5,0 m x 1,8 ; e 9,0 m x 1,0 m. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Bocaiúva-MG. Foram avaliados os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e B nas folhas, em sete épocas de amostragem. Os teores de nutrientes variaram com a época de amostragem, sendo os menores teores encontrados no período seco, para os nutrientes N, P e K. não houve interação entre espaçamentos e épocas para os teores de Mg. Os menores teores de Ca ocorreram no mês de dezembro, com exceção da população no espaçamento 9,0 m x 1,0 m. Os teores de N, P, S e B não foram influenciados pelos espaçamentos, e não apresentaram níveis considerados como deficientes, independentemente do espaçamento e da época.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Eucalipto; nutrição mineral; densidade.

This study aimed to evaluate the mineral nutrition of three years old Eucalyptus urophylla plantations, grown in different population densities in the following spacings: 3.0 m x 2.0 m; 3.0 m x 3.0 m; 3.0 m x 4.0 m; 3.0 m x 5.0 m; 4.0 m x 2.25 m; 6.0 m x 1.5 m; 5.0 m x 1.8 m; and 9.0 m x 1.0 m. The experiment was carried out at Bocaiuva, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and B leaf content was evaluated at seven sampling dates. The nutrient content varied with sampling date; N, P, and K lowest levels were found in the dry period. No interaction was observed between spacing and sampling date for Mg. Lowest Ca levels occurred in December, except for 9.0 m x 1.0 m spacing. Spacing did not influence N, P, S, and B content

Estimates of genetic parameters and genetic gains for growth traits ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Estimates of genetic parameters and genetic gains for growth traits of two Eucalyptus ... In South Africa, Eucalyptus urophylla is an important species due to its ... as hybrid parents to cross with E. grandis was 59.8% over the population mean.

Proteômica quantitativa e metabolômica do híbrido Eucalyptus grandis x E. camaldulensis, tolerante e susceptível ao déficit hídrico

OpenAIRE

Janaina de Santana Borges

2016-01-01

O E. grandis x E. camaldulensis possui características favoráveis de adaptação à seca, conferidas pelo E. camaldulensis e qualidade da madeira para papel e celulose, conferida pelo E. grandis. Esta adaptação à seca está relacionada a fatores fisiológicos e também moleculares, expressos em sua proteoma e metaboloma, que se alteram na presença do estresse. Objetiva-se neste trabalho estudar as respostas fisiológicas, proteômicas e metabolômicas (metabólitos primários) diferencialmente expressos...

Sistemas de manejo em plantios florestais de eucalipto e perdas de solo e água na região do Vale do Rio Doce, MG

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mayesse Aparecida da Silva

2011-12-01

Full Text Available A erosão hídrica é a principal responsável pela perda da capacidade produtiva dos solos sob florestas plantadas e alteração da quantidade e qualidade da água em sub-bacias. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência dos sistemas de manejo adotados nos plantios florestais com eucalipto (eucalipto em nível - EN, eucalipto em desnível - ED e eucalipto em desnível com queima - EDQ sobre as perdas de solo e água por erosão hídrica em relação às perdas em floresta nativa (FN, pastagem (PP e solo descoberto (SD, num Latossolo Vermelho (LV e Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA, e indicar qual o período mais crítico no manejo do solo, em relação à erosão hídrica, durante o ciclo de cultivo do eucalipto. O estudo foi conduzido em dois municípios: Belo Oriente (LVA e Guanhães (LV, situados no Vale do Rio Doce, região Centro-Leste do estado de Minas Gerais. Com exceção do sistema SD no LVA, as perdas de solo foram abaixo do limite de tolerância admissível para essas classes de solos, nestas regiões, que são de 11,22 Mg ha-1 ano-1 no LV e de 7,17 Mg ha-1 ano-1 para o LVA. As perdas de água nos sistemas com eucalipto foram menores no plantio em nível, no LVA. Nos sistemas com eucalipto, os períodos iniciais após o plantio apresentam as maiores perdas de solo e água com redução ao final do ciclo. Por outro lado, no LVA os sistemas com solo descoberto e floresta nativa apresentaram aumento das perdas de água com o decorrer do tempo avaliado, indicando adequação dos sistemas com eucalipto.

Soil fertility, organic carbon and fractions of the organic matter at different distances from eucalyptus stumps Fertilidade do solo, carbono orgânico e frações da matéria orgânica em diferentes distâncias da cepa de eucalipto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geraldo Erli Faria

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Knowledge on variations in vertical, horizontal and temporal characteristics of the soil chemical properties under eucalyptus stumps left in the soil is of fundamental importance for the management of subsequent crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus stumps (ES left after cutting on the spatial variability of chemical characteristics in a dystrophic Yellow Argisol in the eastern coastal plain region of Brazil. For this purpose, ES left for 31 and 54 months were selected in two experimental areas with similar characteristics, to assess the decomposition effects of the stumps on soil chemical attributes. Soil samples were collected directly around these ES, and at distances of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 cm away from them, in the layers 0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm along the row of ES, which is in-between the rows of eucalyptus trees of a new plantation, grown at a spacing of 3 x 3 m. The soil was sampled in five replications in plots of 900 m² each and the samples analyzed for pH, available P and K (Mehlich-1, exchangeable Al, Ca and Mg, total organic carbon (TOC and C content in humic substances (HS and in the free light fraction. The pH values and P, K, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ contents varied between the soil layers with increasing distance from the 31 and 54-monthold stumps. The highest pH, P, K, Ca2+ and Mg2+ values and the lowest Al3+ content were found in the surface soil layer. The TOC of the various fractions of soil organic matter decreased with increasing distance from the 31 and 54-month-old ES in the 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers, indicating that the root (and stump cycling and rhizodeposition contribute to maintain soil organic matter. The C contents of the free light fraction, of the HS and TOC fractions were higher in the topsoil layer under the ES left for 31 months due to the higher clay levels of this layer, than in those found under the 54-month-old stumps. However, highest C levels of the different

Desempenho de duas espécies de eucalipto em solo com elevados teores de Mn Performance of two eucalyptus species in soil with high levels of Mn

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcio O. L. Magalhães

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Atualmente, é considerável o interesse no desenvolvimento de estratégias que sejam eficientes e duráveis na remediação de solos contaminados com metais pesados. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o desenvolvimento de duas espécies Eucalyptus urophylla e Eucalyptus saligna, cultivadas em substrato contaminado com Mn coletado em área próxima ao Porto de Itaguaí e ao local de disposição de resíduo perigoso da Cia Mercantil e Industrial Ingá em Itaguaí, RJ. O substrato foi tratado com dois resíduos industriais, um com característica alcalina (escória de aciaria e outro com alto teor de óxido de ferro (carepa de laminação. Verificou se que o substrato não tratado apresentava alto teor de Mn nas frações fitodisponíveis, valores esses tóxicos para as espécies estudadas. Os tratamentos causaram redução nas concentrações de Mn em solução e trocável (frações fitodisponiveis e aumento nas fases mais estáveis. A menor dose de Escória de Aciaria foi suficiente para que ocorresse diminuição nas concentrações de Mn em solução, sendo este efeito evidenciado pelo desenvolvimento das plantas e na maior dose de Escória de Aciaria o crescimento das espécies estudadas foi maior. O Eucalyptus urophylla apresentou maior desenvolvimento e maior extração deste elemento.Currently, there is considerable interest in developing strategies that are efficient and durable in the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. This study aimed to evaluate the development of Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus saligna grown in contaminated substrate with Mn collected in the area near the Port of Itaguaí and location of disposal of hazardous waste of Cia Mercantil and Industrial Inga in Itaguaí. The substrate was treated with two industrial waste, with a characteristic alkaline (slag of melt shop and another with high content of iron oxide (lamination of scale. It was found that the untreated substrate, had a high

Numerical analysis of Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla heat-treatment: A dynamically detecting method of mass loss during the process

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Zijian; Ma, Qing; Mu, Jun; Yi, Songlin; He, Zhengbin

Eucalyptus particles, lamellas and boards were applied to explore a simply-implemented method with neglected heat and mass transfer to inspect the mass loss during the heat-treatment course. The results revealed that the mass loss of a certain period was theoretically the definite integration of loss rate to time in this period, and a monitoring model for mass loss speed was developed with the particles and validated with the lamellas and boards. The loss rate was correlated to the temperature and temperature-evolving speed in the model which was composed of three functions during different temperature-evolving period. The sample mass loss was calculated in the MATLAB for the lamellas and boards and the model was validated and adjusted based on the difference between the computed results and the practically measured loss values. The error ranges of the new models were -16.30% to 18.35% for wood lamellas and -9.86% to 6.80% for wood boards. This method made it possible to acquire the instantaneous loss value through continuously detecting the wood temperature evolution. This idea could provide a reference for the Eucalyptus heat-treatment to detect the treating course and control the final material characteristics.

In silico characterization of microsatellites in Eucalyptus spp.: abundance, length variation and transposon associations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edenilson Rabello

2005-01-01

Full Text Available This study assessed the abundance of microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSR, in 19 Eucalyptus EST libraries from FORESTs, containing cDNA sequences from five species: E. grandis, E. globulus, E. saligna, E. urophylla and E. camaldulensis. Overall, a total of 11,534 SSRs and 8,447 SSR-containing sequences (25.5% of total ESTs were identified, with an average of 1 SSR/2.5 kb when considering all motifs and 1 SSR/3.1 kb when mononucleotides were not included. Dimeric repeats were the most abundant (41.03%, followed by trimerics (36.11% and monomerics (19.59%. The most frequent motifs were A/T (87.24% for monomerics, AG/CT (94.44% for dimerics, CCG/CGG (37.87% for trimerics, AAGG/CCTT (18.75% for tetramerics, AGAGG/CCTCT (14.04% for pentamerics and ACGGCG/CGCCGT (6.30% for hexamerics. According to sequence length, Class II or potentially variable markers were the most commonly found, followed by Class III. Two sequences presented high similarity to previously published Eucalyptus sequences from the NCBI database, EMBRA_72 and EMBRA_122. Local blastn search for transposons did not reveal the presence of any transposable elements with a cut-off value of 10-50. The large number of microsatellites identified will contribute to the refinement of marker-assisted mapping and to the discovery of novel markers for virtually all genes of economic interest.

High-throughput SNP genotyping in the highly heterozygous genome of Eucalyptus: assay success, polymorphism and transferability across species

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-01

Background High-throughput SNP genotyping has become an essential requirement for molecular breeding and population genomics studies in plant species. Large scale SNP developments have been reported for several mainstream crops. A growing interest now exists to expand the speed and resolution of genetic analysis to outbred species with highly heterozygous genomes. When nucleotide diversity is high, a refined diagnosis of the target SNP sequence context is needed to convert queried SNPs into high-quality genotypes using the Golden Gate Genotyping Technology (GGGT). This issue becomes exacerbated when attempting to transfer SNPs across species, a scarcely explored topic in plants, and likely to become significant for population genomics and inter specific breeding applications in less domesticated and less funded plant genera. Results We have successfully developed the first set of 768 SNPs assayed by the GGGT for the highly heterozygous genome of Eucalyptus from a mixed Sanger/454 database with 1,164,695 ESTs and the preliminary 4.5X draft genome sequence for E. grandis. A systematic assessment of in silico SNP filtering requirements showed that stringent constraints on the SNP surrounding sequences have a significant impact on SNP genotyping performance and polymorphism. SNP assay success was high for the 288 SNPs selected with more rigorous in silico constraints; 93% of them provided high quality genotype calls and 71% of them were polymorphic in a diverse panel of 96 individuals of five different species. SNP reliability was high across nine Eucalyptus species belonging to three sections within subgenus Symphomyrtus and still satisfactory across species of two additional subgenera, although polymorphism declined as phylogenetic distance increased. Conclusions This study indicates that the GGGT performs well both within and across species of Eucalyptus notwithstanding its nucleotide diversity ≥2%. The development of a much larger array of informative SNPs across

Essential oil composition of Eucalyptus microtheca and Eucalyptus viminalis

OpenAIRE

Maghsoodlou, Malek Taher; Kazemipoor, Nasrin; Valizadeh, Jafar; Falak Nezhad Seifi, Mohsen; Rahneshan, Nahid

2015-01-01

Objective: Eucalyptus (Fam. Myrtaceae) is a medicinal plant and various Eucalyptus species possess potent pharmacological actions against diabetes, hepatotoxicity, and inflammation. This study aims to investigate essential oil composition from leaves and flowers of E. microtheca and E. viminalis leaves growing in the Southeast of Iran. Materials and Methods: The aerial parts of these plants were collected from Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran in 2013. After drying the plant mate...

Hea õpetamise grandi saajad

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2016-01-01

Õpetamise uurimist alustavad grandi toel Andrus Org, Riina Oruaas, Natalja Zagura (humanitaar- ja kunstide valdkond), Stefano Braghiroli, Aet Kiisla, Tiiu Taur (sotsiaalteadused), Marje Oona, Oivi Uibo, Daisy Volmer (meditsiinitead.), Svetlana Ganina, Natalja Lepik ja Raivo Raid (loodus- ja täppistead.)

Produção, Estoque e Retenção Hídrica da Serrapilheira em Encosta Sob Plantio de híbridos de Eucalyptus urophylla e Eucalyptus grandis: Médio Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul

OpenAIRE

Ana Luiza Coelho Netto; Aline Riccioni de Melos; Anderson Mululo Sato

2010-01-01

As áreas de Eucalyptus têm se espalhado rapidamente no médio vale do rio Paraíba do Sul e seus efeitos ambientais ainda são ambivalentes e pouco documentados (Vianna et al., 2007). Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a produção e o estoque de serrapilheira em encostas sob plantio de Eucalyptus e verificar sua capacidade de retenção hídrica, como suporte ao entendimento das respostas hidrológicas as entradas de chuvas. A área de estudo está localizada na bacia do rio Sesmarias, numa área ...

Actinomycetes from Eucalyptus and their biological activities for controlling Eucalyptus leaf and shoot blight.

Science.gov (United States)

Himaman, Winanda; Thamchaipenet, Arinthip; Pathom-Aree, Wasu; Duangmal, Kannika

2016-01-01

In Thailand, Eucalyptus plantations rapidly expand across the country. Leaf and shoot blight caused by Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti, Cylindrocladium sp. and Teratosphaeria destructans is a serious disease in Eucalyptus plantations. In this study, a total of 477 actinomycete strains were successfully isolated from roots and rhizosphere soil of Eucalyptus. Four hundred and thirty nine isolates were classified as streptomycetes and 38 isolates were non-streptomycetes. Among these isolates, 272 (57.0%), 118 (24.7%) and 241 (50.5%) isolates were antagonistic to Cryptosporiopsis eucalypti, Cylindrocladium sp. and Teratosphaeria destructans, respectively. All isolates were tested for their abilities to produce siderophores, indole acetic acid (IAA) and solubilise phosphate. Most isolates (464, 97.3%) produced siderophores. The majority of isolates (345, 72.3%) solubilised phosphate. In addition, almost half of these isolates (237, 49.7%) produced indole acetic acid. Strain EUSKR2S82 which showed the strongest inhibitory effect against all tested fungi with plant growth promoting ability was selected to test with Eucalyptus. This strain could colonize plant roots and increase Eucalyptus roots length. In a detached leaves bioassay, the disease severity of EUSKR2S82-inoculated Eucalyptus leaves was only 30% compared to 95% in the control treatment. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain EUSKR2S82 was related to Streptomyces ramulosus NRRL-B 2714(T) (99.44% similarity). Identification of non-streptomycete isolates using 16S rRNA gene sequences classified them into 9 genera: Actinoallomurus, Actinomadura, Amycolatopsis, Cryptosporangium, Microbispora, Micromonospora, Nocardia, Nonomuraea and Pseudonocardia. It is evident that Eucalyptus tree harbored several genera of actinomycetes. The selected isolate, EUSKR2S82 showed potential as a candidate for biocontrol agent of leaf and shoot blight of Eucalyptus and to promote growth. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Gmb

EFECTO DE INSECTICIDAS SOBRE LA FORMACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE LAS AGALLAS DE LEPTOCYBE INVASA EN EUCALIPTOS.

OpenAIRE

RAMOS, S. O.

2016-01-01

La avispa de la agalla es una de las principales plagas de los eucaliptos a nivel mundial. Produce agallas en los tejidos tiernos de varias especies de eucalipto que afectan la brotación. Se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en la zona de cultivo en Argentina. En este trabajo se evaluó la formación y el desarrollo de las agallas en plantines tratados con tres insecticidas (A, C e I) aplicados cada una, dos y tres semanas (1, 2 y 3) a dosis fijas. Se evaluó: evolución temporal del estadío de l...

Natural and synthetic oviposition stimulants forCatolaccus grandis (Burks) females.

Science.gov (United States)

Guerra, A A; Martinez, S; Sonia Del Rio, H

1994-07-01

Oviposition behavior was elicited fromCatolaccus grandis (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) females, an ectoparasitoid of the boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), by smears of freshly cut cotton bolls or smears of extracts prepared with boll weevil damaged or undamaged cotton boll tissues. Oviposition behavior was also elicited fromC. grandis females by smears made withn-pentane,n-hexane,n-heptane, and isooctane. This is the first report of oviposition behavior elicited for any parasitoid by these short-chain saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes), introducing a new concept on the chemical mediation of parasitoid behavior during host selection. Oviposition behavior was also elicited fromC. grandis females by volatiles emanating from an artificial diet devoid of insect components that was specifically developed for the in vitro rearing of ectoparasitoids. The possible use of a synergistic combination ofn-hexane and diet to optimize the mechanized production of noncontaminated eggs is also discussed.

La generación de electricidad a partir de eucalipto y bagazo en ingenios azucareros en Nicaragua: costes, aspectos macroeconómicos y medioambientales

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Broek, R. van den; Wijk, A. van

1998-01-01

Se hace una comparación entre la generación de electricidad a partir de bagazo y eucalipto mediante ingenios azucareros y la generación de electricidad a partir de bunker (fueloil) en Nicaragua. El combustible utilizado por los ingenios es bagazo durante la zafra y eucalipto de plantaciones

ABELHAS EUGLOSSINA (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE ASSOCIADAS À MONOCULTURA DE EUCALIPTO NO CERRADO MATO-GROSSENSE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silva do Nascimento

2015-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composição de abelhas Euglossina em três áreas distintas, com monocultura de eucalipto de diferentes idades, utilizando a vegetação nativa como controle, com base nos aspectos de riqueza e abundância. O trabalho foi realizado em três propriedades particulares, localizadas na região Sudoeste de Mato Grosso, em monocultura de eucaliptos de diferentes idades e vegetação nativa (Cerrado. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, de dezembro de 2011 a março de 2012, utilizando-se seis essências: eugenol, eucaliptol, vanilina, benzoato de benzila, salicitato de metila e acetato de benzila, das 8 às 16 h. Foram coletados 430 espécimes, de quatro gêneros e 18 espécies. Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, 1841, Euglossa melanotricha Moure, 1967 e Eulaema cingulata Fabricius, 1804 foram as espécies mais abundantes e comuns a todas as áreas estudadas. A área com maior abundância de abelhas foi ApS (166 indivíduos e com maior riqueza, a Tol (14 espécies. A composição de espécies foi semelhante nas áreas analisadas, e a abundância apresentou dissimilaridade entre a Tol e as áreas SanR e ApS. A área AC (área-controle apresentou maior abundância (147 e riqueza (n = 15 em relação à monocultura de eucalipto.

Correlações entre as propriedades da madeira e do carvão vegetal de híbridos de eucalipto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vássia Carvalho Soares

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Foram estudadas madeiras de híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, em três idades diferentes, com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento da madeira e do carvão vegetal produzido diante do aumento controlado de temperatura, bem como verificar a influência das características da madeira sobre o carvão vegetal. Foram realizadas análises químicas (extrativos totais, lignina, holocelulose, celulose, cinza e análise elementar e térmicas (análise termogravimétrica - TG, análise térmica diferencial - DTA e calorimetria 1,67 ºC min-1 e temperatura final de 450 ºC. No carvão vegetal produzido, foram realizadas análise imediata, elementar e térmica. A densidade básica da madeira correlacionou-se positivamente com a relação carbono/ hidrogênio (C/H e negativamente com os teores de cinza, nitrogênio, oxigênio, enxofre e relação siringil/ guaiacil (S/G. Os teores de cinza, nitrogênio, enxofre e S/G da madeira correlacionaram-se positivamente entre si e negativamente com a variável C/H da madeira. O teor de carbono fixo (TCF, o poder calorífico do carvão vegetal, o teor de carbono elementar e a relação C/H correlacionaram-se positivamente entre si e negativamente com o teor de materiais voláteis (TMV. O teor de lignina correlacionou-se positivamente com o rendimento gravimétrico em carvão (RGC e negativamente com o TCF.

Performance of Schizolobium amazonicum Wood in Bleached Kraft Pulp Production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camila Sarto

2015-05-01

Full Text Available This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of Schizolobium amazonicum wood, specifically its performance in bleached kraft pulp production and the characteristics of its pulp. Chips of Schizolobium amazonicum and Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla (reference were used. The following parameters were evaluated in the wood: basic density, total extractives, total lignin, holocellulose, and fiber morphology. The pulping simulations were carried out in a laboratory digester, with parameters set to obtain pulp with kappa number 19 ± 0.5. Both pulps were bleached in a PFI mill and submitted to physical-mechanical tests. The results showed that S. amazonicum wood has low basic density and higher content of extractives when compared to E. grandis x E. urophylla wood. For pulping, S. amazonicum required higher alkali charge and H factor to achieve the same delignification level of E. grandis x E. urophylla, resulting in a lower yield, pulp with lower viscosity, and higher wood specific consumption. During bleaching, the brightness gain and final viscosity of S. amazonicum pulp were lower than E. grandis x E. urophylla pulp. Moreover, S. amazonicum pulp had worse physical-mechanical characteristics than E. grandis x E. urophylla.

Caracterização da madeira de quatro espécies florestais

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javan Pereira Motta

2014-12-01

Full Text Available O conhecimento das relações existentes entre a estrutura anatômica da madeira com suas propriedades físicas ou mecânicas é importante para seu uso adequado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a anatomia microscópica e propriedades físicas da madeira de quatro diferentes espécies florestais. A madeira estudada foi proveniente das seguintes espécies: Cedrela fissilis (Cedro, Híbrido clonal Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis (Eucalipto urograndis, Hovenia dulcis (Uva do Japão e Gallesia integrifolia (Pau d'alho. Para a determinação da retratibilidade, utilizou-se a norma MB26/40 da ABNT (1940; as dimensões lineares foram obtidas com palmer, precisão de 0,001mm. O estudo da anatomia da madeira seguiu as recomendações da norma de procedimento em estudos de anatomia de madeira, da COPANT (1974 e também da IAWA (1989. Os caracteres anatômicos avaliados foram: diâmetro tangencial (µm e frequência de vasos (nomm-2; comprimento de fibra (µm, diâmetro de lume (µm e espessura de parede de fibra (µm; altura (µm, largura (µm e frequência de raios (nomm-1. Os valores do coeficiente anisotrópico foram de 1,16; 1,77; 1,81 e 1,84 para a madeira de C. fissilis, H. dulcis, Híbrido clonal e G. integrifolia, respectivamente, demonstrando que a madeira de C. fissilis possui elevada estabilidade dimensional e as demais madeiras, valores aceitáveis para esse coeficiente.

Genetic parameters and genotype by environment interaction of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

In South Africa, Eucalyptus grandis is an important species due to its fast growth and general suitability of its timber for a range of products. However, E. grandis is susceptible to fungal diseases such as Crysoporthe austroafricana and Coniothyrium sp. cankers in the subtropical region of Zululand and is therefore mainly ...

Prospects of Tectona Grandis as a Feedstock for Biodiesel

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarin, Amit; Singh, Meetu; Sharma, Neerja; Singh, N. P.

2017-01-01

The limited availability of fossil fuels has encouraged the need of replacement fuels of renewable nature. Among the renewable fuels, biodiesel produced from oil seeds and food wastes has been favored by the majority of researchers. In this study, Tectona Grandis seed oil has been investigated as a non-edible feedstock for biodiesel. The oil content of seed is 43% which makes it suitable for commercial production of biodiesel. The synthesis of biodiesel from T. Grandis oil was done with transesterification reaction giving high percentage yield of biodiesel which reached to 89%. The T. Grandis biodiesel was subjected to determine various physicochemical parameters by standard testing methods and found in agreement with the ASTM D-6751 and EN-14214 standards. The fatty-acid methyl ester composition for the biodiesel is composed of 42.71% oleic acid, 13.1% palmitic acid, and 31.51% linoleic acid. The biodiesel showed low oxidation stability which is attributed to high percentage of unsaturation. To address this issue, synthetic antioxidants were added to increase its resistance towards oxidation. By considering all the parameters, the present study reveals that T. Grandis seed oil is reliable for the production of biodiesel with encouraging probability in future.

Prospects of Tectona Grandis as a Feedstock for Biodiesel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sarin, Amit, E-mail: amit.sarin@yahoo.com [Department of Physical Sciences, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala (India); Singh, Meetu [Department of Applied Sciences, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala (India); Sharma, Neerja [PG Department of Physics and Electronics, DAV College, Amritsar (India); Singh, N. P. [Department of Planning and External Development, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala (India)

2017-10-26

The limited availability of fossil fuels has encouraged the need of replacement fuels of renewable nature. Among the renewable fuels, biodiesel produced from oil seeds and food wastes has been favored by the majority of researchers. In this study, Tectona Grandis seed oil has been investigated as a non-edible feedstock for biodiesel. The oil content of seed is 43% which makes it suitable for commercial production of biodiesel. The synthesis of biodiesel from T. Grandis oil was done with transesterification reaction giving high percentage yield of biodiesel which reached to 89%. The T. Grandis biodiesel was subjected to determine various physicochemical parameters by standard testing methods and found in agreement with the ASTM D-6751 and EN-14214 standards. The fatty-acid methyl ester composition for the biodiesel is composed of 42.71% oleic acid, 13.1% palmitic acid, and 31.51% linoleic acid. The biodiesel showed low oxidation stability which is attributed to high percentage of unsaturation. To address this issue, synthetic antioxidants were added to increase its resistance towards oxidation. By considering all the parameters, the present study reveals that T. Grandis seed oil is reliable for the production of biodiesel with encouraging probability in future.

Effects of Treatment Materials on the Physical Properties of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Wood

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Selahattin Bardak

2011-04-01

Full Text Available This study was designed to determine effects on retention and shrink levels of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. which treated with some commercial preservative types, borates, polyethylene glycol, and water repellents. In this study, four type impregnation chemicals were chosen: 1. Commercial preservative types, [Ammonium sulphate, Vacsol-WR WR and Immersol-WR (WR], 2. Borates chemicals, [Boric acid, Borax, Boric acid+ Borax] 3. Polyethylene glycol such as Polyethylene glycol (PEG-400 4. Water repellents [Styrene, Methylmetacrylate.]. As a result, retention % and shrink levels of Eucalyptus wood was lower treated with commercial preservative types and borates preservatives compare to other treatment chemicals. However, retention % levels of Eucalyptus wood treated with WR chemicals were highly significant levels. According to their leachability period although PEG 400 showed antishrink effectiveness other treatments didnt showed antishrink efficiency.

Fornecimento de cálcio para plantas de eucalyptus saligna por meio de aplicação de resíduo industrial lama de cal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcia Aparecida Simonete

2013-10-01

Full Text Available O resíduo industrial lama de cal, originado da produção de papel kraft branqueada de eucalipto, apresenta em sua composição quantidade considerável de cálcio (Ca, o que pode contribuir para reduzir o consumo de fertilizantes em plantios florestais. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da lama de cal como fonte de Ca e seus efeitos sobre a disponibilidade de nutrientes e produção de matéria seca da parte aérea de plantas de eucalipto, foram conduzidos dois ensaios em vasos, em casa de vegetação, na área de pesquisa da Klabin Florestal do Paraná. Os solos utilizados foram um Neossolo Quartzarênico órtico (RQo e um Nitossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (NV. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de duas fontes de Ca, calcário dolomítico e lama de cal, e de uma testemunha, sendo identificados como: RQo testemunha, RQo calcário e RQo lama de cal; e NV testemunha, NV calcário e NV lama de cal. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Para tanto, plantas de Eucalyptus saligna foram mantidas por 126 dias em vasos. Quantificou-se a produção de matéria seca e realizaram-se as análises de folhas e dos solos, por ocasião da coleta das plantas. Os dados revelaram que tanto a adição de calcário dolomítico quanto a lama de cal promoveram o fornecimento de Ca para as plantas de eucalipto, proporcionando aumentos na produção de matéria seca. Os teores de Ca e Na nas folhas de eucalipto foram acrescidos com a adição do resíduo ao solo, em comparação com o tratamento com calcário dolomítico, enquanto os teores de N, P, K e S foram semelhantes. As plantas cultivadas nos tratamentos RQo testemunha e RQo lama de cal apresentaram teores foliares de Mg abaixo da faixa considerada adequada. A adição de lama no solo elevou o pH e as concentrações de Ca e de Na, reduziu o Al trocável e não influenciou na disponibilidade de Mg, fato que pode proporcionar deficiência de Mg às plantas, em

The effect of harvesting operations, slash management and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of various harvesting operations and fertiliser applications on soil physical properties and the subsequent growth of a Eucalyptus clonal hybrid (Eucalyptus grandis x camaldulensis) on the sandy soils of the Zululand coastal plain in northern KwaZulu- Natal. Increases in ...

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 5751 - 5800 of 11090 ... Vol 14, No 6 (2015), Growth of mycotal species on the eggs of Cyprinus ... structure of Pinus tabulaeformis forest for soil and water conservation in ... in cloned seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrids, Abstract PDF .... Vol 8, No 4 (2009), Haematological characteristics and ...

Can hydrogen peroxide and quercetin improve production of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The aim of the present work was to determine if hydrogen peroxide in combination with quercetin or indole butyric acid, can modify some characteristics related to rooting and development in cuttings of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. Cuttings were periodically evaluated at 30, 60 and 90 days according to the ...

Eucalyptus water use greater than rainfall input - possible explanation from southern India

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. R. Calder

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Hydrological and silvicultural studies carried out in southern India on the effects of plantations of Eucalyptus and other fast growing exotic tree species have determined the impacts of these plantations on water resources, erosion, soil nutrient status and growth rates at sites of differing rainfall and soil depth in Karnataka. Whilst providing new information on these issues, the studies also raised two important questions: what was the explanation for the anomalous result that the water use of 3400 mm from Eucalyptus plantations at Hosakote over a three year period exceeded the rainfall of 2100 mm over the same period and why were growth rates of woodlots on most farmer's fields higher than those of plantations on land owned by the Karnataka Forest Department? The records of the soil moisture depletion patterns under these plantations from the day of planting provide the basis for the answers to both questions: i whilst roots are penetrating into deeper soil layers, they are able to extract from a reservoir of water additional to that available from the rainfall each year, ii farmer's land on which short rooted agricultural crops have been grown previously is likely to have a much higher soil water status than land previously under forest or scrub vegetation. These new studies have also established that the development of the drying front under the Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantations is very rapid, indicating average root extension rates in excess of 2.5 m per year, whilst those under Tectona grandis and Artocarpus heterophyllus advanced at approximately half the rate. These results have obvious implications for the long term sustainability of growth rates from these plantations and the recharge of groundwater. The authors believe that this study may be the first to report neutron probe soil moisture depletion observations, from the date of planting, beneath tree plantations in a dry climate. The extent to which the roots were able to

Eucalyptus water use greater than rainfall input - possible explanation from southern India

Science.gov (United States)

Calder, I. R.; Rosier, P. T. W.; Prasanna, K. T.; Parameswarappa, S.

Hydrological and silvicultural studies carried out in southern India on the effects of plantations of Eucalyptus and other fast growing exotic tree species have determined the impacts of these plantations on water resources, erosion, soil nutrient status and growth rates at sites of differing rainfall and soil depth in Karnataka. Whilst providing new information on these issues, the studies also raised two important questions: what was the explanation for the anomalous result that the water use of 3400 mm from Eucalyptus plantations at Hosakote over a three year period exceeded the rainfall of 2100 mm over the same period and why were growth rates of woodlots on most farmer's fields higher than those of plantations on land owned by the Karnataka Forest Department? The records of the soil moisture depletion patterns under these plantations from the day of planting provide the basis for the answers to both questions: i) whilst roots are penetrating into deeper soil layers, they are able to extract from a reservoir of water additional to that available from the rainfall each year, ii) farmer's land on which short rooted agricultural crops have been grown previously is likely to have a much higher soil water status than land previously under forest or scrub vegetation. These new studies have also established that the development of the drying front under the Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantations is very rapid, indicating average root extension rates in excess of 2.5 m per year, whilst those under Tectona grandis and Artocarpus heterophyllus advanced at approximately half the rate. These results have obvious implications for the long term sustainability of growth rates from these plantations and the recharge of groundwater. The authors believe that this study may be the first to report neutron probe soil moisture depletion observations, from the date of planting, beneath tree plantations in a dry climate. The extent to which the roots were able to penetrate raises the

Evaluation of the throughfall and stemflow nutrient contents in mixed and pure plantations of Acacia mangium, Pseudosamenea guachapele and Eucalyptus grandis.

OpenAIRE

BALIEIRO, F. de C.; FRANCO, A. A.; FONTES, R. L. F.; DIAS, L. E.; CAMPELLO, E. F. C.; FARIA, S. M. de.

2008-01-01

The interception of the rainfall by the forest canopy has great relevance to the nutrient geochemistry cycle in low fertility tropical soils under native or cultivated forests. However, little is known about the modification of the rainfall water quality and hydrological balance after interception by the canopies of eucalyptus under pure and mixed plantations with leguminous species, in Brazil. Samples of rainfall (RF), throughfall (TF) and stemflow (SF) were collected and analyzed in pure pl...

Padrões de distribuição espacial de comunidades campestres sob plantio de eucalipto

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pillar Valério De Patta

2002-01-01

Full Text Available O trabalho objetivou descrever padrões de distribuição espacial da composição florística e de tipos funcionais (C3, C4 de espécies, relacionar estes padrões a condições de luz e gerar hipóteses sobre a dinâmica da vegetação campestre em resposta ao desenvolvimento de uma floresta de eucalipto plantada há dois anos. O levantamento foi realizado em 66 parcelas de 0,25 m² nas entrelinhas do plantio de eucalipto, em quatro transecções atravessando a bordadura da floresta. Foram encontradas 164 espécies, as quais tiveram sua abundância-cobertura estimada em cada parcela e foram classificadas quanto à rota fotossintética. Em uma das transecções foi avaliado o nível de radiação solar incidente nas parcelas, tendo sido encontrada associação significativa entre padrão de sombreamento e composição de espécies (P = 0,001 e composição de tipos funcionais (P = 0,007. Os resultados permitem postular a hipótese de que a diminuição da radiação incidente no estrato inferior, durante o desenvolvimento inicial do eucalipto, determina redução da cobertura com espécies C4 e aumento com espécies C3, mais tolerantes ao sombreamento.

Long-Term Effects of Exotic Tree Species ( Tectona grandis Linn. F ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Long-Term Effects of Exotic Tree Species ( Tectona grandis Linn. F.) on the Status of Extractable Micronutrients in the ... The study therefore implied that Tectona grandis has an extractive property on micronutrient particularly on soils that are low in these nutrients. Nigerian Journal of Soil and Environmental Research Vol.

COMBUSTION PROPERTIES OF EUCALYPTUS WOOD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yalçın ÖRS

1999-03-01

Full Text Available In this study, the combustion properties of some impregnation materials (abiotic and biotic factors used for eucalyptus wood in interior or exterior environments were investigated. The experimental samples were prepared from Eucalyptus wood based on ASTM-D-1413-76 Tanalith-CBC, boric acid, borax, vacsol-WR, immersol-WR, polyethylen glycole-400 and ammonium sulphate were used as an impregnation material. The results indicated that, vacuum treatment on Eucalyptus gave the lowest retention value of salts. Compounds containing boron+salt increased fire resistance however water repellents decreased the wood flammability.

Zeuxine grandis Seidenf. (Orchidaceae - an Addition to the Orchid Flora of India

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Avishek Bhattacharjee

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Zeuxine grandis Seidenf., is being reported for the first time from India. We provide line drawing and color photo of specimen of Z. grandis in support of our treatment and to facilitate identification of the species.

Viability of drying coffee using liquefied petroleum gas-LPG, firewood eucalyptus and husks of coffee; Viabilidade da secagem do cafe usando GLP, lenha de eucalipto e palha de cafe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sobrinho, J.C.; Silva, J.N. da; Silva, J.S.; Lacerda Filho, A.F. de [Vicosa Univ., MG (Brazil). Dept. de Engenharia Agricola]. E-mail: jcardoso@alunos.ufv.br; jadir@mail.ufv.br; desousae@mail.ufv.br; alacerda@mail.ufv.br

2000-07-01

An analysis of the specific consumption of energy and of the comparative costs of the use of the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), eucalyptus firewood and coffee husks as sources of energy in the drying of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) was done. Dryers of intermittent crossed flows were used with temperature of the drying air of 60 deg C. The drying in yard was used as witness. It is ended that the use in the different form of energy did not alter the final quality of the product, and that LPG is more efficient in terms of specific consumption of energy that the husks of coffee and eucalyptus firewood, even so, of cost approximately four times or more higher than that of the other fuels. (author)

Antibacterial, antioxidant and cell proliferative properties of Coccinia grandis fruits

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Prashant Sakharkar

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Objective: Little knowledge is available on the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Coccina grandis fruits and no study has reported on its cell proliferative property. The aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cell proliferative property of fruits of C. grandis. Material and Methods: Fruits of C. grandis were extracted using water; ethanol and acetone by cold and hot Soxhlet extraction. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the modified Kirby-Bauer diffusion method and compared against erythromycin. The antioxidant property was determined using Cayman's antioxidant assay; whereas cell proliferation/cytotoxic properties were evaluated using the Cell Titer 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell MTS assay with MDA-MB 321 breast cancer cells. Data were analyzed for correlation and differences using unpaired student's t-test and one-way ANOVA. A p value of Results: Both cold and hot ethanol and acetone extracts of C. grandis fruits showed some degree of bacterial growth inhibition. Acetone extracts exhibited higher antibacterial activity. Both ethanol extracts showed antioxidant property when compared with standard Trolox. In contrary to cytotoxicity, all four extracts showed cell proliferation compared to controls at different concentrations. However, acetone extracts exhibited greater cell proliferation compared to ethanol extracts and cold extracts performed better than the hot extracts. Conclusion: C. grandis fruits exhibited some degree of antimicrobial, antioxidant and cell proliferative properties. Further investigation is warranted to isolate, confirm and characterize phytochemicals that are responsible for the medicinal properties observed.

Composição de voláteis e perfil de aroma e sabor de méis de eucalipto e laranja

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bastos Deborah Helena Markowicz

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho foram analisados os compostos voláteis de amostras de mel de eucalipto e laranja colhidos nos estados de São Paulo e de Minas Gerais. O isolamento dos voláteis foi realizado empregando-se uma técnica de ''headspace'' dinâmico, a separação efetuada por cromatografia gasosa de alta resolução e a identificação por espectrometria de massas, Índices de Kovats e padrões, quando disponíveis. Foram identificados no mel de laranja o benzaldeído, o óxido cis de linalol, n-heptanal, 6-metil-5-hepten-2-ona, octanal e fenilacetaldeído, e em mel de eucalipto, o nonanal, 2-heptanona, 2-heptanol, octanol e nonanol. A caracterização sensorial desses méis foi obtida por Análise Descritiva Quantitativa e a aplicação de Análise dos Componentes Principais aos dados revelou que os descritores ''queimado'' e ''sabor residual'' caracterizam o mel de eucalipto, enquanto ''floral'' e ''cera'' caracterizam o mel de laranja. Entre os compostos identificados, o nonanal e o nonanol apresentaram contribuição sensorial importante ao mel de eucalipto, enquanto o fenilacetaldeído e o benzaldeído foram relacionados com os principais descritores do mel de laranja.

Micorriza arbuscular em plantações de Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell no litoral norte da Bahia, Brasil Arbuscular mycorrhiza in Eucalyptus cloeziana F. Muell plantations in the north littoral of Bahia, Brazil