Assessing the significance of Palaeolithic engraved cortexes. A case study from the Mousterian site of Kiik-Koba, Crimea.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Majkić

Full Text Available Twenty-Seven Lower and Middle Paleolithic sites from Europe and the Middle East are reported in the literature to have yielded incised stones. At eleven of these sites incisions are present on flint cortexes. Even when it is possible to demonstrate that the engravings are ancient and human made, it is often difficult to distinguish incisions resulting from functional activities such as butchery or use as a cutting board, from those produced deliberately, and even more difficult to identify the scope of the latter. In this paper we present results of the analysis of an engraved cortical flint flake found at Kiik-Koba, a key Mousterian site from Crimea, and create an interpretative framework to guide the interpretation of incised cortexes. The frame of inference that we propose allows for a reasoned evaluation of the actions playing a role in the marking process and aims at narrowing down the interpretation of the evidence. The object comes from layer IV, the same layer in which a Neanderthal child burial was unearthed, which contains a para-Micoquian industry of Kiik-Koba type dated to between c.35 and 37 cal kyr BP. The microscopic analysis and 3D reconstruction of the grooves on the cortex of this small flint flake, demonstrate that the incisions represent a deliberate engraving made by a skilled craftsman, probably with two different points. The lines are nearly perfectly framed into the cortex, testifying of well controlled motions. This is especially the case considering the small size of the object, which makes this a difficult task. The production of the engraving required excellent neuromotor and volitional control, which implies focused attention. Evaluation of the Kiik-Koba evidence in the light of the proposed interpretative framework supports the view that the engraving was made with a representational intent.

From the Prehispanic Codices to the Engravings Inspirited by Poems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela Toma

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This article debates the importance of shaping a community's identity and the artist's identity within one culture starting from the Prehispanic pictograms - where the sense allows itself to be discovered as the image is internalized, this double sense being similar to the reading of the works of Mexican artists Jose Guadalupe Posada, Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo similar to the engraving of the poems of Nichita Stanescu by Mircia Dumitrescu.

A history of engraving and etching techniques: developments of manual intaglio printmaking processes, 1400-2000

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Stijnman, A.C.J.

2012-01-01

This book surveys the history of the techniques of engraving, etching and plate printing - i.e. that of manual intaglio printmaking processes - from its beginning in the 1430s until today. These developments are observed in the light of the coherence between the technique of the intaglio print (such

Weather, logging, and tree growth associated with fir engraver attack scars in white fir

Science.gov (United States)

George T. Ferrell

1973-01-01

The boles of 32 recently killed, and 41 living, white fir were examined for embedded fir engraver (Scolytus ventralis) attack scars. Of 287 scars found in annual rings for the years 1934-69, only 2 to 3 percent represented reproductively successful attacks. Trends in scar abundance were directly correlated with trends in white fir killed by ...

Multifunctional cube-like system for biomedical applications featuring 3D printing by dual deposition, scanner, and UV engraving

Science.gov (United States)

Guzmán-González, J. V.; Saldaña-Martínez, M. I.; Barajas-González, O. G.; Guzmán-Ramos, V.; García-Garza, A. K.; Franco-Herrada, M. G.; Selvas Aguilar, R. J.; García-Ramírez, M. A.

2017-02-01

In this paper, a cubic-like structure is proposed to scan and print tools used as medical equipment at low cost for developing countries. The structure features a 3-axis frame plane that uses high-precision step motors. An actuator drives the "x and y" axis through serrated bands with 2 mm pitch. Those give an accuracy of 2.5 microns tops. The z-axe is driven by and inductive sensor that allows us to keep the focus to the printing bed as well as to search for non-smooth areas to correct it and deliver an homogeneous impression. The 3D scanner as well as the entire gears are placed underneath in order to save space. As extrude tip, we are using a 445 nm UV laser with 2000 mW of power. The laser system is able to perform several functions such as crystallizing, engraving or cut though a set of mirror arrays. Crystallization occurs when the laser is guided towards the base. This process allows us to direct it towards the polymer injector and as a result, it crystalizes on the spot. Another feature that this system is the engraving process that occurs while the base moves. The movement allows the beam to pass freely towards the base and perform the engraving process.

E-Myrcenol: A New Pheromone for the Pine Engraver, Ips Pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Science.gov (United States)

D.R. Miller; G. Gries; J.H. Borden

1990-01-01

E-Myrcenol reduced catches of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), to ipsdienol-baited, multiple-funnel traps in a dose-dependent fashion. The sex ratio was unaffected by E-myrcenol treatments. Lures containing E-myrcenol in ethanol solution failed to protect freshly cut logs of lodgepole pine from attack by

Applications of Friction Stir Processing during Engraving of Soft Materials

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. Kočović

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Friction stir processing has extensive application in many technological operations. Application area of friction stir processing can be extended to the processing of non-metallic materials, such as wood. The paper examines the friction stir processing contact between a specially designed hard and temperature-resistant rotating tool and workpiece which is made of wood. Interval of speed slip and temperature level under which the combustion occurs and carbonization layer of soft material was determined. The results of the research can be applied in technological process of wood engraving operations which may have significant technological and aesthetic effects.

The gematrical numbers in dimensions of the "Melencolia I" engraving

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tine Kurent

1998-12-01

Full Text Available The Melancholy engraving by Dürer and Agrippa is hiding its gematrical messages not only in the numbers of its magic square but also in the numbers forming its modular dimensions. If the sphere on the lower left side of the composition is 10 modules in diameter, the magic square measures 8 by 8 modules, and the print is 70 by 55 modules large. The circumference of the etching equals 250 and its diagonal 89 modules. In the numbers 55, 70, 250 and 89 are hidden gematrical messages, prayers, cursing, the name of the Melancholia itself and the names of its authors.

Evaluation of insecticides for protecting southwestern ponderosa pines from attack by engraver beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Science.gov (United States)

Tom E. DeGomez; Christopher J. Hayes; John A. Anhold; Joel D. McMillin; Karen M. Clancy; Paul P. Bosu

2006-01-01

Insecticides that might protect pine trees from attack by engraver beetles (Ips spp.) have not been rigorously tested in the southwestern United States. We conducted two field experiments to evaluate the efficacy of several currently and potentially labeled preventative insecticides for protecting high-value ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa...

Inter- and Intrapopulation Variation of the Pheromone, Ipsdienol Produced by Male Pine Engravers Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Science.gov (United States)

D.R. Miller; J.H. Borden; K.N. Slessor

1989-01-01

We determined the chirality of ipsdienol in individual male pine engravers, Ips pini (Say), from New York, California, and two localities in British Columbia (BC). Both quantity and chirality of ipsdienol varied significantly between and within populations of I. pini . Beetles from California and southeastern BC produced...

Differential susceptibility of white fir provenances to the fir engraver and its fungal symbiont in northern California

Science.gov (United States)

G.T. Ferrell; W.J. Otrosina

1996-01-01

The fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis LeC., attacks white fir, Abies concolor (Gord. and Glend.) Lindl., and other true firs, Abies spp., in western North America. The biology, attack behavior, and ecology of this bark beetle were recently summarized by Berryman and Ferrell (1988). During the summer flight season, the attacking beetles bore into the cambial zone of...

Trade of engravings and books between Rome and Spain at the end of the 16th century: the case of the Italian merchant Antonio Pisano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Josefa Tarifa Castilla

2017-03-01

Full Text Available This study reveals the arrival of prints and books to the North of Spain acquired by the Italian merchant Antonio Pisano in Rome during a trip of 1582-1583. The voyage was financed thanks to the temporary commercial company established between Pisano and the Genoese Juan Luis de Musante, royal master-builder to Felipe II in Navarre, and both residents in Pamplona. The works include engravings of sacred and profane themes by the most important engravers of the epoch, such as the Dutch Cornelis Cort and the Mantuans Adamo and Diana Ghisi, in addition to books of figures, some by outstanding artists such as Michelangelo or Polidoro da Caravaggio.

Walking response of the Mediterranean pine engraver, Orthotomicus erosus, to novel plant odors host in a laboratory olfactometer

Science.gov (United States)

A. J. Walter; R. C. Venette; S. A. Kells; S. J. Seybold

2010-01-01

When an herbivorous insect enters a new geographic area, it will select host plants based on short and long distance cues. A conifer-feeding bark beetle that has been recently introduced to North America, the Mediterranean pine engraver, Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston), has a potentially wide host range, especially among members of the Pinaceae....

UV laser engraving of high temperature polymeric materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martinez, D.; Laude, L.D.; Kolev, K.; Hanus, F.

1999-01-01

Among emerging technologies, those associated with laser sources as surface processing tools are quite promising. In the present work, a UV pulsed (excimer) laser source is experimented for engraving (or ablating) polymeric materials based on three high temperature polymers: polyethylene terephtalate (PET), polyethersulfone (PES) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). The ablation phenomenon is demonstrated on all these polymers and evaluated by stylus profilometry upon varying the laser fluence at impact. For each polymer, results give evidence for three characteristic quantities: an ablation threshold E sub 0, a maximum ablation depth per pulse z sub 0 and an initial rate of ablation α, just above threshold. A simple ablation model is presented which describes correctly the observed behaviours and associates closely the above quantities to the polymer formulation, thus providing for the first time a rational basis to polymer ablation. The model may be extended to parent plastic materials whenever containing the same polymers. It may also be used to predict the behaviours of other polymers when subjected to excimer laser irradiation

Composition of the bacterial community in the gut of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coloptera) colonizing red pine

Science.gov (United States)

Italo Jr. Delalibera; Archana Vasanthakumar; Benjamin J. Burwitz; Patrick D. Schloss; Kier D. Klepzig; Jo Handelsman; Kenneth F. Raffa

2007-01-01

The gut bacterial community of a bark beetle, the pine engraver Ips pini (Say), was characterized using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. Bacteria from individual guts of larvae, pupae and adults were cultured and DNA was extracted from samples of pooled larval guts. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences amplified directly from the gut...

Residence space/graphic space: engravings in the open air in the municipality of La Hinojosa (Cuenca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bueno Ramírez, Primitiva

1998-06-01

Full Text Available The work that now we present is based on the analysis of graphic designs, their location and their relationship to the environment, in the municipality of La Hinojosa Cuenca, a place where we have well documented occupations of the Copper and Bronze Ages. Our aim is to understand these engravings as part of the expressions of peninsular Schematic Art, in this case associated with an occupational context, and to provide elements for the comprehension of its message in a broader context that includes occupational contexts for other open aire engravings in the Iberian Peninsula.

El trabajo que ahora presentamos se basa en el análisis de las grafías, su ubicación en el soporte y su relación con el entorno, en una zona concreta, el término de La Hinojosa, en Cuenca, lugar en el que tenemos bien documentadas ocupaciones calcolíticas y de la Edad del Bronce. Nuestra propuesta es la de comprender dichos grabados como una parte de las expresiones del Arte Esquemático peninsular, en este caso asociadas a un contexto habitacional y, a partir de ahí, aportar elementos para la comprensión de su "mensaje" desde una perspectiva más amplia que incluye otros contextos habitacionales para conjuntos de grabados al aire libre en la Península Ibérica.

Characteristics of the Arcing Plasma Formation Effect in Spark-Assisted Chemical Engraving of Glass, Based on Machine Vision

OpenAIRE

Chao-Ching Ho; Dung-Sheng Wu

2018-01-01

Spark-assisted chemical engraving (SACE) is a non-traditional machining technology that is used to machine electrically non-conducting materials including glass, ceramics, and quartz. The processing accuracy, machining efficiency, and reproducibility are the key factors in the SACE process. In the present study, a machine vision method is applied to monitor and estimate the status of a SACE-drilled hole in quartz glass. During the machining of quartz glass, the spring-fed tool electrode was p...

Restoration and Preservation of Engraved Limestone Blocks Discovered in Abu Mousa Excavation, Suez - Egypt

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nabil A. Abd El-Tawab BADER

2013-03-01

Full Text Available A lot of engraved limestone blocks were discovered at Awlad Abu Musa (east of Suez, Egypt in 1995/2007 by Supreme Council of Antiquities. The stone blocks were seriously affected by archaeological environments during burial environment in agriculture land. They were covered with thick clay layer with soil particles that disfigured them and hid their inscriptions. Prior to the conservation intervention, the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Chemical analyses of ground water and microbiological study. After the material characterization, the conservation and restoration of the stone blocks were carried out including cleaning, consolidation, reduction of salts, Re-jointing, restoration and completion of lost parts. After that the blocks were exhibited in Suez museum.

The effect of thermal conductivity of the tool electrode in spark-assisted chemical engraving gravity-feed micro-drilling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mousa, M; Allagui, A; Ng, H D; Wüthrich, R

2009-01-01

Spark-assisted chemical engraving (SACE) is a non-traditional micro-machining technology based on electrochemical discharge phenomena. In SACE gravity-feed micro-drilling, various parameters including the thermal properties of the tool electrode play a significant role in the process. Based on a series of experiments using tool electrodes with different thermal properties, the effect in SACE gravity-feed micro-drilling is discussed. It is demonstrated that machining with higher thermal conductivity tool electrodes results in faster machining during the discharge regime and slower machining during the hydrodynamic regime of SACE gravity-feed micro-drilling

Characterization and modeling of 2D-glass micro-machining by spark-assisted chemical engraving (SACE) with constant velocity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Didar, Tohid Fatanat; Dolatabadi, Ali; Wüthrich, Rolf

2008-01-01

Spark-assisted chemical engraving (SACE) is an unconventional micro-machining technology based on electrochemical discharge used for micro-machining nonconductive materials. SACE 2D micro-machining with constant speed was used to machine micro-channels in glass. Parameters affecting the quality and geometry of the micro-channels machined by SACE technology with constant velocity were presented and the effect of each of the parameters was assessed. The effect of chemical etching on the geometry of micro-channels under different machining conditions has been studied, and a model is proposed for characterization of the micro-channels as a function of machining voltage and applied speed

Diffraction efficiency enhancement of femtosecond laser-engraved diffraction gratings due to CO2 laser polishing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choi, Hun-Kook; Jung, Deok; Sohn, Ik-Bu; Noh, Young-Chul; Lee, Yong-Tak; Kim, Jin-Tae; Ahsan, Shamim

2014-01-01

This research demonstrates laser-assisted fabrication of high-efficiency diffraction gratings in fused-silica glass samples. Initially, femtosecond laser pulses are used to engrave diffraction gratings on the glass surfaces. Then, these micro-patterned glass samples undergo CO 2 laser polishing process. unpolished diffraction gratings encoded in the glass samples show an overall diffraction efficiency of 18.1%. diffraction gratings imprinted on the glass samples and then polished four times by using a CO 2 laser beam attain a diffraction efficiency of 32.7%. We also investigate the diffraction patterns of the diffraction gratings encoded on fused-silica glass surfaces. The proposed CO 2 laser polishing technique shows great potential in patterning high-efficiency diffraction gratings on the surfaces of various transparent materials.

Diffraction efficiency enhancement of femtosecond laser-engraved diffraction gratings due to CO{sub 2} laser polishing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, Hun-Kook [Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju (Korea, Republic of); Chosun University, Gwangju (Korea, Republic of); Jung, Deok; Sohn, Ik-Bu; Noh, Young-Chul; Lee, Yong-Tak [Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jin-Tae [Chosun University, Gwangju (Korea, Republic of); Ahsan, Shamim [Khulna University, Khulna (Bangladesh)

2014-11-15

This research demonstrates laser-assisted fabrication of high-efficiency diffraction gratings in fused-silica glass samples. Initially, femtosecond laser pulses are used to engrave diffraction gratings on the glass surfaces. Then, these micro-patterned glass samples undergo CO{sub 2} laser polishing process. unpolished diffraction gratings encoded in the glass samples show an overall diffraction efficiency of 18.1%. diffraction gratings imprinted on the glass samples and then polished four times by using a CO{sub 2} laser beam attain a diffraction efficiency of 32.7%. We also investigate the diffraction patterns of the diffraction gratings encoded on fused-silica glass surfaces. The proposed CO{sub 2} laser polishing technique shows great potential in patterning high-efficiency diffraction gratings on the surfaces of various transparent materials.

More than horse paintings in Ekain Cave (Deba, Gipuzkoa: Palaeolithic digital engravings in Western Europe

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Blanca Ochoa

2018-06-01

Full Text Available Technological advances are enabling the discovery of new caves with rock art and of new graphic units in already known and studied caves. In this framework, a discovery was made in an unexplored gallery in Ekain (Deba, Gipuzkoa, a small passage named La Fontana. Figurative representations (horses and non-figurative marks (simple strokes were traced on both walls using digital engraving on decalcified clay. This discovery prompted the re-study of depictions executed with the same technique in the final part of Azkenzaldei gallery, where a new ensemble of representations, mostly non-figurative, was also found. Since it is impossible to date these representations directly, we apply a stylistic analysis to establish their chronology. The comparison with other depictions in the same cave might point towards their execution during advanced phases of the Magdalenian.

HOS cell adhesion on Ti6Al4V surfaces texturized by laser engraving

Science.gov (United States)

Sandoval Amador, A.; Carreño Garcia, H.; Escobar Rivero, P.; Peña Ballesteros, D. Y.; Estupiñán Duran, H. A.

2016-02-01

The cell adhesion of the implant is determinate by the chemical composition, topography, wettability, surface energy and biocompatibility of the biomaterial. In this work the interaction between human osteosarcoma HOS cells and textured Ti6Al4V surfaces were evaluated. Ti6Al4V surfaces were textured using a CO2 laser in order to obtain circular spots on the surfaces. Test surfaces were uncoated (C1) used as a control surface, and surfaces with points obtained by laser engraving, with 1mm spacing (C2) and 0.5mm (C3). The HOS cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. No cells toxicity after one month incubation time occurred. The increased cell adhesion and cell spreading was observed after 1, 3 and 5 days without significant differences between the sample surfaces (C2 and C3) and control (uncoated) at the end of the experiment.

HOS cell adhesion on Ti6Al4V surfaces texturized by laser engraving

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sandoval Amador, A; Carreño Garcia, H; Escobar Rivero, P; Peña Ballesteros, D Y; Estupiñán Duran, H A

2016-01-01

The cell adhesion of the implant is determinate by the chemical composition, topography, wettability, surface energy and biocompatibility of the biomaterial. In this work the interaction between human osteosarcoma HOS cells and textured Ti 6 Al 4 V surfaces were evaluated. Ti 6 Al 4 V surfaces were textured using a CO 2 laser in order to obtain circular spots on the surfaces. Test surfaces were uncoated (C1) used as a control surface, and surfaces with points obtained by laser engraving, with 1mm spacing (C2) and 0.5mm (C3). The HOS cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotics. No cells toxicity after one month incubation time occurred. The increased cell adhesion and cell spreading was observed after 1, 3 and 5 days without significant differences between the sample surfaces (C2 and C3) and control (uncoated) at the end of the experiment. (paper)

Glass Imprint Templates by Spark Assisted Chemical Engraving for Microfabrication by Hot Embossing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucas Abia Hof

2017-01-01

Full Text Available As the field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS matures, new demands are being placed on the microfabrication of complex architectures in robust materials, such as hard plastics. Iterative design optimization in a timely manner—rapid prototyping—places challenges on template fabrication, for methods such as injection moulding and hot embossing. In this paper, we demonstrate the possibility of using spark assisted chemical engraving (SACE to produce micro patterned glass templates. The direct, write-based approach enabled the facile fabrication of smooth microfeatures with variations in all three-dimensions, which could be replicated by hot embossing different thermoplastics. As a proof of principle, we demonstrated the technique for a high glass transition temperature polycarbonate. Good fidelity over more than 10 cycles provides evidence that the approach is viable for rapid prototyping and has the potential to satisfy commercial-grade production at medium-level output volumes. Glass imprint templates showed no degradation after use, but care must be taken due to brittleness. The technique has the potential to advance microfabrication needs in academia and could be used by MEMS product developers.

Preparing the image: ground layers in Portuguese painting of 15th and 16th centuries – engraving and preparation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Antunes

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The study of the ground layers in ancient painting covers different aspects of its production stages. One of the phases, which we will explore in this text, is the adequacy of the ground layer to receive the drawing. With this aim we made an approach to the type of drawing found in some of the works studied by identifying certain technical issues established in prints from metal engraving technique, with Northern European influences. Ground layers are mostly composed of calcium sulfate, mainly anhydrite in the case of gesso grosso, with addition of calcium carbonate grains in order to smooth the surface of the drawing and painting, or dihydrated gypsum, gesso mate or "gesso sottile", which alone provides the ideal smoothness and fineness to receive the minutia of the drawn details.

Laser-engraved carbon nanotube paper for instilling high sensitivity, high stretchability, and high linearity in strain sensors

KAUST Repository

Xin, Yangyang

2017-06-29

There is an increasing demand for strain sensors with high sensitivity and high stretchability for new applications such as robotics or wearable electronics. However, for the available technologies, the sensitivity of the sensors varies widely. These sensors are also highly nonlinear, making reliable measurement challenging. Here we introduce a new family of sensors composed of a laser-engraved carbon nanotube paper embedded in an elastomer. A roll-to-roll pressing of these sensors activates a pre-defined fragmentation process, which results in a well-controlled, fragmented microstructure. Such sensors are reproducible and durable and can attain ultrahigh sensitivity and high stretchability (with a gauge factor of over 4.2 × 10(4) at 150% strain). Moreover, they can attain high linearity from 0% to 15% and from 22% to 150% strain. They are good candidates for stretchable electronic applications that require high sensitivity and linearity at large strains.

Colours in black and white: the depiction of lightness and brightness in achromatic engravings before the invention of photography.

Science.gov (United States)

Zavagno, Daniele; Massironi, Manfredo

2006-01-01

What is it like to see the world in black and white? In the pioneer days of cinema, when movies displayed grey worlds, was it true that no 'colours' were actually seen? Did every object seen in those projections appear grey in the same way? The answer is obviously no--people in those glorious days were seeing a world full of light, shadows, and objects in which colours were expressed in terms of lightness. But the marvels of grey worlds have not always been so richly displayed. Before the invention of photography, the depiction of scenes in black-and-white had to face some technical and perceptual challenges. We have studied the technical and perceptual constraints that XV-XVIII century engravers had to face in order to translate actual colours into shades of grey. An indeterminacy principle is considered, according to which artists had to prefer the representation of some object or scene features over others (for example brightness over lightness). The reasons for this lay between the kind of grey scale technically available and the kind of information used in the construction of 3-D scenes. With the invention of photography, photomechanical reproductions, and new printing solutions, artists had at their disposal a continuous grey scale that greatly reduces the constraints of the indeterminacy principle.

Characteristics of the Arcing Plasma Formation Effect in Spark-Assisted Chemical Engraving of Glass, Based on Machine Vision.

Science.gov (United States)

Ho, Chao-Ching; Wu, Dung-Sheng

2018-03-22

Spark-assisted chemical engraving (SACE) is a non-traditional machining technology that is used to machine electrically non-conducting materials including glass, ceramics, and quartz. The processing accuracy, machining efficiency, and reproducibility are the key factors in the SACE process. In the present study, a machine vision method is applied to monitor and estimate the status of a SACE-drilled hole in quartz glass. During the machining of quartz glass, the spring-fed tool electrode was pre-pressured on the quartz glass surface to feed the electrode that was in contact with the machining surface of the quartz glass. In situ image acquisition and analysis of the SACE drilling processes were used to analyze the captured image of the state of the spark discharge at the tip and sidewall of the electrode. The results indicated an association between the accumulative size of the SACE-induced spark area and deepness of the hole. The results indicated that the evaluated depths of the SACE-machined holes were a proportional function of the accumulative spark size with a high degree of correlation. The study proposes an innovative computer vision-based method to estimate the deepness and status of SACE-drilled holes in real time.

Characteristics of the Arcing Plasma Formation Effect in Spark-Assisted Chemical Engraving of Glass, Based on Machine Vision

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chao-Ching Ho

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Spark-assisted chemical engraving (SACE is a non-traditional machining technology that is used to machine electrically non-conducting materials including glass, ceramics, and quartz. The processing accuracy, machining efficiency, and reproducibility are the key factors in the SACE process. In the present study, a machine vision method is applied to monitor and estimate the status of a SACE-drilled hole in quartz glass. During the machining of quartz glass, the spring-fed tool electrode was pre-pressured on the quartz glass surface to feed the electrode that was in contact with the machining surface of the quartz glass. In situ image acquisition and analysis of the SACE drilling processes were used to analyze the captured image of the state of the spark discharge at the tip and sidewall of the electrode. The results indicated an association between the accumulative size of the SACE-induced spark area and deepness of the hole. The results indicated that the evaluated depths of the SACE-machined holes were a proportional function of the accumulative spark size with a high degree of correlation. The study proposes an innovative computer vision-based method to estimate the deepness and status of SACE-drilled holes in real time.

A survey of some metallographic etching reagents for restoration of obliterated engraved marks on aluminium-silicon alloy surfaces.

Science.gov (United States)

Uli, Norjaidi; Kuppuswamy, R; Amran, Mohd Firdaus Che

2011-05-20

A brief survey to assess the sensitivity and efficacy of some common etching reagents for revealing obliterated engraved marks on Al-Si alloy surfaces is presented. Experimental observations have recommended use of alternate swabbing of 10% NaOH and 10% HNO(3) on the obliterated surfaces for obtaining the desired results. The NaOH etchant responsible for bringing back the original marks resulted in the deposition of some dark coating that has masked the recovered marks. The coating had been well removed by dissolving it in HNO(3) containing 10-20% acid. However, the above etching procedure was not effective on aluminium (99% purity) and Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy surfaces. Also the two reagents (i) immersion in 10% aq. phosphoric acid and (ii) alternate swabbing of 60% HCl and 40% NaOH suggested earlier for high strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys [23] were quite ineffective on Al-Si alloys. Thus different aluminium alloys needed different etching treatments for successfully restoring the obliterated marks. Al-Si alloys used in casting find wide applications especially in the manufacture of engine blocks of motor vehicles. Hence, the results presented in this paper are of much relevance in serial number restoration problems involving this alloy. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fabrication and characterization of self-folding thermoplastic sheets using unbalanced thermal shrinkage.

Science.gov (United States)

Danielson, Christian; Mehrnezhad, Ali; YekrangSafakar, Ashkan; Park, Kidong

2017-06-14

Self-folding or micro-origami technologies are actively investigated as a novel manufacturing process to fabricate three-dimensional macro/micro-structures. In this paper, we present a simple process to produce a self-folding structure with a biaxially oriented polystyrene sheet (BOPS) or Shrinky Dinks. A BOPS sheet is known to shrink to one-third of its original size in plane, when it is heated above 160 °C. A grid pattern is engraved on one side of the BOPS film with a laser engraver to decrease the thermal shrinkage of the engraved side. The thermal shrinkage of the non-engraved side remains the same and this unbalanced thermal shrinkage causes folding of the structure as the structure shrinks at high temperature. We investigated the self-folding mechanism and characterized how the grid geometry, the grid size, and the power of the laser engraver affect the bending curvature. The developed fabrication process to locally modulate thermomechanical properties of the material by engraving the grid pattern and the demonstrated design methodology to harness the unbalanced thermal shrinkage can be applied to develop complicated self-folding macro/micro structures.

A Geomorfologia e a datação de gravuras de Foz Côa. Metodologia e desenvolvimento de um caso de investigação científica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Rebelo

1997-06-01

Full Text Available THE GEOMORPHOLOGY AND THE DATING OF THE ENGRAVINGS OF FOZ CÔA - METHODOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CASE - Several alternative interpretations of the age of the engravings at Foz Côa are presented. One derivation is based on the climatic and paleo-climatic characteristics of the area as well as the hydrological characteristics of the Côa River, especially its propensity for flooding. This interpretation involves the assumption that the smooth rock surface on which the engravings are found is of late-glacial origin. Another approach at establishing an age is based on the hardness of the rock schists and the near vertical slopes of the smooth surfaces in which the engravings are etched. And another interpretation is related to the burial of the engravings by debris flow and the effects of frost action on the rock surfaces. Evidence of the effects of ice on the rock surface along with the presence of periglacial deposits, similar to other known and previously-dated engravings, leads to the identification of a paleolithic age for the engravings found in the Foz Côa area.

Osmanlı Mühür Sanatı Ve Klasik Türk Şiirinde Mühür
The Ottoman Art Of Seals And Seals In The Classical Turkish Poetry

OpenAIRE

Semra TUNÇ; Emine YENİTERZİ

2013-01-01

Seals are inscriptions, coats of arms or stamps and theirtypography engraved on hard substances in place of signatures. Havingbeen used in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Iran and Anatolia throughouthistory, seals have been engraved on minerals such as silver, brass,iron, bronze and notably gold, or gems such as emerald, amethyst,onyx, turquoise, pebble, garnet, cornelian, and pearl. The inscriptionson seals were engraved in reverse order so that they could be correctlyread when they were put on paper an...

Investigating the tool marks on oracle bones inscriptions from the Yinxu site (ca., 1319-1046 BC), Henan province, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Xiaolong; Tang, Jigen; Gu, Zhou; Shi, Jilong; Yang, Yimin; Wang, Changsui

2016-09-01

Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Shang dynasty (1600-1046 BC) are the earliest well-developed writing forms of the Chinese character system, and their carving techniques have not been studied by tool marks analysis with microscopy. In this study, a digital microscope with three-dimensional surface reconstruction based on extended depth of focus technology was used to investigate tool marks on the surface of four pieces of oracle bones excavated at the eastern area of Huayuanzhuang, Yinxu site(ca., 1319-1046 BC), the last capital of the Shang dynasty, Henan province, China. The results show that there were two procedures to carve the characters on the analyzed tortoise shells. The first procedure was direct carving. The second was "outlining design," which means to engrave a formal character after engraving a draft with a pointed tool. Most of the strokes developed by an engraver do not overlap the smaller draft, which implies that the outlining design would be a sound way to avoid errors such as wrong and missing characters. The strokes of these characters have different shape at two ends and variations on width and depth of the grooves. Moreover, the bottom of the grooves is always rugged. Thus, the use of rotary wheel-cutting tools could be ruled out. In most cases, the starting points of the strokes are round or flat while the finishing points are always pointed. Moreover, the strokes should be engraved from top to bottom. When vertical or horizontal strokes had been engraved, the shell would be turned about 90 degrees to engrave the crossed strokes from top to bottom. There was no preferred order to engrave vertical or horizontal strokes. Since both sides of the grooves of the characters are neat and there exists no unorganized tool marks, then it is suggested that some sharp tools had been used for engraving characters on the shells. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:827-832, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Linear Regression Based Real-Time Filtering

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Misel Batmend

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This paper introduces real time filtering method based on linear least squares fitted line. Method can be used in case that a filtered signal is linear. This constraint narrows a band of potential applications. Advantage over Kalman filter is that it is computationally less expensive. The paper further deals with application of introduced method on filtering data used to evaluate a position of engraved material with respect to engraving machine. The filter was implemented to the CNC engraving machine control system. Experiments showing its performance are included.

Spatial-temporal modeling of forest gaps generated by colonization from below- and above-ground bark beetle species

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhu, Jun; Rasmussen, Jakob Gulddahl; Møller, Jesper

2008-01-01

red turpentine beetle colonization, pine engraver bark beetle colonization, and mortality of red pine trees while accounting for correlation across space and over time. We extend traditional Markov random-field models to include temporal terms and multiple-response variables aimed at developing...... as well as posterior predictive distributions. In particular, we implement path sampling combined with perfect simulation for autologistic models while formally addressing the posterior propriety under an improper uniform prior. Our data analysis results suggest that red turpentine beetle colonization...... is associated with a higher likelihood of pine engraver bark beetle colonization and that pine engraver bark beetle colonization is associated with higher likelihood of red pine tree mortality, whereas there is no direct association between red turpentine beetle colonization and red pine tree mortality...

Linguistic Contact, Religious Interaction and Cultural Integration Between the Naxi and Tibetans-Annotations to the Mani Stones Engraved with Naxi Dongba Pictographs found in a Mani Stone Pile in Jiaqu Village, Muli County, Sichuan

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

HE Jiquan

2014-01-01

The Mani stones bearing Naxi Dongba inscriptions were discovered in a pile of Mani stones most of which were inscribed with the Tibetan Mantra “Om Mani Padme Hhum” at the entrance to Jiaqu village in Muli County , Sichuan . These Dongba inscriptions can be regarded as hav-ing the most number of pictographs and the most complete content of all Dongba inscriptions carved on stone found up to now .Not only are these in-scriptions important local historical material , they are also important material for multi -disciplinary research, including philology , folklore study, reli-gious study, etc.They are particularly significant for studying the relationship between the Naxi and Tibetans, and especially for researching the rela-tionship among Bon , Buddhism , and Dongba reli-gions.This pile of Mani stones in Muli County consists of stones engraved with both Naxi Dongba pictographs and Tibetan .Most of the Tibetan in-scriptions are the six -word mantra “Om Mani Padme Hum”.There are three stones in the pile of stones engraved with Naxi Dongba pictographs .A complete translation for the the Dongba pictographs carved on these stones is as follow( in granting us) luck, wealth and nurture;( We) Beg ( you ) to have a kind and beautiful heart, throw away bad thoughts into hell; to pay back your kindness of dropping yak butter on our fore-heads, your kindness in creation of the world;( We ) Wish the stars in the sky will never drop down;to pay back your kindness for cultivating the lands;Seventy tillers, wish them not to be born in wrong places; Ninety shepherds, wish them not to fall into the enemy's hands. ( The spirit of the dead) will not stay in the hell, but get blessings from the god.” The Mani stone pile is representative of Tibet-an Buddhist culture , and the appearance of both Naxi Dongba pictographs and Tibetan inscriptions in a Mani stone pile at the same time is very rare . The author of this article suggests that this discov-ery is valuable for three

Localized corrosion evaluation of the ASTM F139 stainless steel marked by laser using scanning vibrating electrode technique, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pieretti, Eurico F.; Manhabosco, Sara M.; Dick, Luís F.P.; Hinder, Steve; Costa, Isolda

2014-01-01

Graphical abstract: SEM image of pits found at the centred marked area, where the laser beam focused twice. - Highlights: • The effect of laser engraving on the corrosion resistance of the ASTM F139 was studied. • Scanning vibrating electrode technique was used to identify the anodic zone. • Laser engraving of austenitic stainless steels produces highly defective surfaces. • Laser engraving causes large chemical modification of the surface. • Pitting nucleates at the interface between laser affected and unaffected areas. - Abstract: The effect of laser engraving on the corrosion resistance of ASTM F139 stainless steel (SS) has been investigated by electrochemical techniques. The nucleation of localized corrosion on this biomaterial was evaluated by scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) in a phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) of pH 7.4. The Mott–Schottky approach was used to determine the electronic properties of the passive film, also chemically characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SVET allowed the identification of the anodic zones on the surface of the SS marked by laser technique that were associated with the heat-affected areas. Metallic drops solidified on the laser marked surface dissolved actively at OCP and favoured the nucleation of crevice corrosion, while at the pitting potential, pits nucleate preferentially on the laser marks. XPS results showed that laser engraving caused large chemical modification of the surface. Mott–Schottky results indicated a more defective oxide layer with a larger number of donors on the laser marked surface comparatively to that without marks

31 CFR 27.3 - Assessment of civil penalties.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., Tobacco and Firearms,” “Bureau of the Public Debt,” “Bureau of Engraving and Printing,” “Comptroller of the Currency,” “Federal Law Enforcement Training Center,” “Financial Crimes Enforcement Network... Engraving and Printing,” “Comptroller of the Currency,” “Director of the Federal Law Enforcement Training...

Northwest Manufacturing Initiative

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-31

Kadali R. Talla R. Hugo T. Russell A. Thoreson E. Porgharibshahishahrebabak Dae-wook Kim Ellen A. Fuller J. Rick Evans 5d. PROJECT NUMBER...Manufacturing (CIM) Cell .................................................................................. 8 Hurricane 130W Laser Cutter/Engraver (48” X 36...Miniature Prototype Warehouse Application using Imaging Source and RoboRealm® 3. Hurricane 130W Laser Cutter/Engraver (48” X 36”) a. Rapid

Bi-directional reflectance distribution function of a tungsten block for ITER divertor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Iwamae, Atsushi; Ogawa, Hiroaki; Sugie, Tatsuo; Kusama, Yoshinori

2012-02-01

In order to investigate reflection properties on plasma-facing material in ITER, the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of a tungsten block sample has been measured. On the machining surface of the block, one-directional machining lines are engraved. Two laser diodes λ652 nm and λ473 nm were used to simulate H α and H β emissions, respectively. The reflected light is affected by the machining surface. The reflected light traces an arc when the incident light is injected in the parallel direction to the engraved line. On the other hand the reflected light traces a line shape when the incident light is injected in the perpendicular direction to the engraved lines. Ray tracing simulation qualitatively explains the experimental results. (author)

The Louvain printers and the establishment of the Cartesian curriculum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Geert Vanpaemel

2012-03-01

Full Text Available With regard to the public circulation of knowledge, universities are often regarded as privileged institutions where information and ideas are formally transmitted through regulated didactic experiences. University life, however, provided a more complex environment in which various parallel and perhaps contradictory processes of transmission were at work. In this paper, we analyse a set of 55 engravings with scientific images, which started to appear around 1670 in student notebooks at the University of Louvain. These engravings, produced and sold by the Louvain printers Michael Hayé and Lambert Blendeff, were related to the philosophy curriculum of the Faculty of Arts but did not correspond entirely to the actual topics or doctrine taught. In fact, the obvious Cartesian orientation of the images was not in line with the more prudent position of the Faculty. This paper offers a preliminary analysis of the set of engravings and their role in the Cartesian reforms at Louvain.

Witches and Indian Women, Daughters of Saturn: Arts, Witchcraft and Cannibalism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yobenj Aucardo Chicangana-Bayona

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The article inquires into the representation of women in the paintings and engravings about witchcraft in the XVI-XVII centuries, trying to establish an iconographic typology and covering the construction of negative stigmas attributed to the feminine body and its natural degradation. Through the support of visual sources such as paintings and engravings, mainly from the German Renaissance, the text demonstrates how the Indian women of the New World were associated to the witches of Europe and with the classic god Saturn, through the myth of cannibalism.

Cost Management in a Tactical Environment: A Case Study of the 316th Expeditionary Support Command (ESC) in Iraq, 2007-2008

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-01

After Action Review ACE Assistant to the Commander for the Enterprise AO Area of Operation BEP Bureau of Engraving and Printing BG Brigadier...Engraving and Printing ( BEP ) involves an organization with output-based control processes. The information for this discussion relies heavily on the... BEP is controlled by the Secretary of the Treasury and organized as a revolving fund enterprise. The mission of the BEP is “to design and manufacture

A review of low add-on and foam application techniques

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Van der Walt, GHJ

1984-02-01

Full Text Available -February 1984 This application system consists of four major components: the engraved roller (A), a rubber roller (B), a doctor blade (C), and the liquor The engraved roller rotates in the liquor bath (D) where its cavities are ffled with Liquor...".'". 5.2 Different Systems for the AppUeatioa of Foam There are several basic mechanisms for the application of foam to textiles. The foam can be applied either to one side or both sides of the fabric. In the former case a doctor blade or knife, or a...

[Two prize medals from the "Société de Pharmacie de Paris"].

Science.gov (United States)

Bonté, F

1994-01-01

The author describes two medals from the "Société de Pharmacie de Paris", proving that the medal engraved by Brenet was also used as an award by the Société at the beginning of the 19th century. It also describes for the first time the use of a medal with the effigy of Lavoisier engraved by Caqué as a thesis award from 1871 to at least 1914.

A Geomorfologia e a datação de gravuras de Foz Côa. Metodologia e desenvolvimento de um caso de investigação científica

OpenAIRE

Rebelo, Fernando; Cordeiro, Rochete

2012-01-01

THE GEOMORPHOLOGY AND THE DATING OF THE ENGRAVINGS OF FOZ CÔA - METHODOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF A SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CASE - Several alternative interpretations of the age of the engravings at Foz Côa are presented. One derivation is based on the climatic and paleo-climatic characteristics of the area as well as the hydrological characteristics of the Côa River, especially its propensity for flooding. This interpretation involves the assumption that the smooth rock surface on which the engravi...

The 'Stolpersteine' and the Commemoration of Life, Death, and Government

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Östman, Lars

of the victims. The Stolpersteine are made out of cement and with a ‘HIER WOHNTE’ engraved on the brass plate on top of the stone they indicate where the individual victim lived; name, day of birth and death as well as the victim’s fate is also engraved on the stone. The Stolpersteine are installed not only...... the integrity of the homes of current residents. The Stolpersteine wish to restore the victims’s dignity via the use of legal, ethical, and religious categories; hence, through the Stolpersteine the factual past seems to be normalized using the same principles from the state of law which the Third Reich...

Parameters of calibration of the measurement system of {sup 222} Rn based in LR-115; Parametros de calibracion del sistema de medicion de {sup 222} Rn basado en LR-115

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garcia, M.L.; Mireles, F.; Quirino, L.; Davila, I.; Lugo, F.; Pinedo, J.L. [CREN-UAZ, 98068 Zacatecas (Mexico); Chavez, A. [ININ, 52045 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)]. e-mail: mluisagb@hotmail.com

2003-07-01

Since the SSNTD technique (Solid State Nuclear Track Detection) it was discovered it has been used as passive method for the detection of subnuclear particles in great variety of fields of the science. The use of the technique in measurements of {sup 222} Rn in air have already been established implying better methodologies in the exhibition to the environment until their engraving and reading processes. The SSNTD technique is since a method by comparison since the material it can be used a single time, therefore it requires of calibration in one controlled radon atmosphere, using gauged standards. The objective of this work is to show the calibration of the devices used as radon monitors based on SSNTD. The material used as SSNTD is LR-115 Il. The standardization of the parameters used in the exhibition to radon in air, engraving and reading process, its are based on the response of the LR-115 Il, the one arrangement of the device, engraving speed and mainly the calibration factor. They are considered two types of monitors: Open camera and Closed camera, the difference among the calibration factors of both cameras is the percentage of the descendants of radon in the open camera. The standardized parameters are operation voltage of the counting system; temperature, time and concentration of the engraving solution; and thickness. (Author)

Parameters of calibration of the measurement system of 222 Rn based in LR-115

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia, M.L.; Mireles, F.; Quirino, L.; Davila, I.; Lugo, F.; Pinedo, J.L.; Chavez, A.

2003-01-01

Since the SSNTD technique (Solid State Nuclear Track Detection) it was discovered it has been used as passive method for the detection of subnuclear particles in great variety of fields of the science. The use of the technique in measurements of 222 Rn in air have already been established implying better methodologies in the exhibition to the environment until their engraving and reading processes. The SSNTD technique is since a method by comparison since the material it can be used a single time, therefore it requires of calibration in one controlled radon atmosphere, using gauged standards. The objective of this work is to show the calibration of the devices used as radon monitors based on SSNTD. The material used as SSNTD is LR-115 Il. The standardization of the parameters used in the exhibition to radon in air, engraving and reading process, its are based on the response of the LR-115 Il, the one arrangement of the device, engraving speed and mainly the calibration factor. They are considered two types of monitors: Open camera and Closed camera, the difference among the calibration factors of both cameras is the percentage of the descendants of radon in the open camera. The standardized parameters are operation voltage of the counting system; temperature, time and concentration of the engraving solution; and thickness. (Author)

A compact plasma pre-ionized TEA-CO2 laser pulse clipper for material processing

Science.gov (United States)

Gasmi, Taieb

2017-08-01

An extra-laser cavity CO2-TEA laser pulse clipper using gas breakdown techniques for high spatial resolution material processing and shallow material engraving and drilling processes is presented. Complete extinction of the nitrogen tail, that extends the pulse width, is obtained at pressures from 375 up to 1500 torr for nitrogen and argon gases. Excellent energy stability and pulse repeatability were further enhanced using high voltage assisted preionized plasma gas technique. Experimental data illustrates the direct correlation between laser pulse width and depth of engraving in aluminum and alumina materials.

Adattamenti e rielaborazioni nel passaggio di codice: dall’immagine ai versi. Il martirio di Maria Stuarda nel Poema heroico di Bassiano Gatti

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Veronica Carta

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The tragic history of Mary Stuart has been a true artistic inspiration for centuries. In 1633 the Gerolamin Bassiano Gatti published in Bologna the heroic poem Maria Regina di Scozia, recounting the history of her adventurous life and tragic death in the background of the Controriformistic fight against Anglicanism. An engraving depicting the scene of her cruel execution comes before the text. This essay analyzes the differences between the literary and the iconographic codes, highlighting  the author's and the engraver's different interpretations of the event.

The X'tal cube PET detector with a monolithic crystal processed by the 3D sub-surface laser engraving technique: Performance comparison with glued crystal elements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yoshida, Eiji, E-mail: rush@nirs.go.jp [Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Hirano, Yoshiyuki; Tashima, Hideaki; Inadama, Naoko; Nishikido, Fumihiko [Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan); Moriya, Takahiro; Omura, Tomohide; Watanabe, Mitsuo [Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601 (Japan); Murayama, Hideo; Yamaya, Taiga [Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 (Japan)

2013-09-21

The X'tal cube is a depth-of-interaction (DOI)-PET detector which is aimed at obtaining isotropic resolution by effective readout of scintillation photons from six sides of the crystal block. The X'tal cube is composed of a 3D crystal block with isotropic segments. Each face of the 3D crystal block is covered with a 4×4 array of multi-pixel photon counters (MPPCs). Previously, in order to fabricate the 3D crystal block efficiently and precisely, we applied a sub-surface laser engraving technique to a monolithic crystal block instead of gluing segmented small crystals. A dense arrangement of multiple micro-cracks carved by the laser beam works efficiently as a scattering wall for the scintillation photons. The X'tal cube with the laser-processed block showed excellent performance with respect to crystal identification and energy resolution. In this work, for characteristics comparison between the laser-processed block and the conventional segmented array block, we made the laser-processed block and two types of segmented array blocks, one with air gaps and the other with glued segmented small crystals. All crystal blocks had 3D grids of 2 mm pitch. The 4×4 MPPC arrays were optically coupled to each surface of the crystal block. When performance was evaluated using a uniform irradiation of 511 keV, we found that the X'tal cubes with the laser-processed block could easily achieve 2 mm{sup 3} uniform crystal identification. Also, the average energy resolution of each 3D grid was 11.1±0.7%. On the other hand, the glued segmented array block had a pinched distribution and crystals could not be separated clearly. The segmented array block with air gaps had satisfactory crystal identification performance; however, the laser-processed block had higher crystal identification performance. Also, the energy resolution of the laser-processed block was better than for the segmented array blocks. In summary, we found the laser-processed X'tal cube had

Why archeological tourism does not work?: Evidence from two discoveries in Kosovo

OpenAIRE

Mulaj, Isa

2014-01-01

This paper brings the evidence about two unique archeological discoveries in Kosovo: i) Fingerprints in a rock from Pleistocene period; and ii) the Star of David, the Flower of Life, the Tree of Life, and “Eye of the Masonry” found together engraved in a marble stone 1 meter long and 30 centimeters wide. The carbon test (C14) of the latter puts the age of the engravings circa 2 500 BCE. It was found by the Author in 2013, located in the coordinate 42o48’41.50”N 20o34’16.00” E, 400 metres away...

Archaeological Investigations at a Wisconsin Petroglyph Site

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jack Steinbring

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Preliminary test excavations at the Hensler Petroglyph Site in East Central Wisconsin, U.S.A. have disclosed the remains of aboriginal engravings below Aeolian sediments dated to ca. 15,000 years B.P. The stratified deposits lying adjacent to an engraved panel, containing 35 pecked images, have yielded animal-like cobbles, some covered with red ochre, apparently picked for some esoteric use. The site itself has unusual natural shapes in the rock formation, along with acoustical properties, lightning strikes, a magnetic anomaly, and geographic prominence. Collectively these factors are thought to have attracted the ancient rock artists to the site.

1800 mechanical movements, devices and appliances

CERN Document Server

Hiscox, Gardner D

2007-01-01

A fascinating compendium of early-20th-century mechanical devices, this expansive work ranges from basic levers to complex machinery. More than 1,800 engravings include simple illustrations and detailed cross-sections.

Unfolding Leonardo DA Vinci's Globe (ad 1504) to Reveal its Historical World Map

Science.gov (United States)

Verhoeven, G. J.; Missinne, S. J.

2017-08-01

This paper reports in detail on the image-based modelling and unwrapping approach used to create a two-dimensional projected map of an astonishing ostrich egg globe from AD 1504. This miniature egg globe is not only the oldest extant engraved globe, but it is also the oldest post-Columbian globe of the world and the first ever to depict Newfoundland and many other territories. The intention of digitally recording the surface geometry and colour of this unique artefact was to portray the original layout of the world map used by the Florentine Renaissance artist to make this globe. In addition, it was expected to substantiate iconographical details, which are hard to study at its scale of 1:80,000,000. The ostrich egg globe is the prototype of the Lenox Globe kept at the New York Public Library. The latter is very beneficial to examine how the egg globe looked like before being glued together at its equator. On the other hand, unfolding the map engraved in the ostrich egg halves enables a more detailed study of the remarkable details visible on both globes, since the engravings on the quasi-white egg surface are much easier to discern than those of the highly reflective red copper Lenox Globe. Finally, a detailed study of the unwrapped 3D surface is essential to learn more about the world vision of its creator and the incredible efforts that went into making this globe. Thanks to some particular pictographic details as well as the way in which the engravings are applied (by a left-handed person), the globe artist can be identified as Leonardo da Vinci.

UNFOLDING LEONARDO DA VINCI’S GLOBE (AD 1504 TO REVEAL ITS HISTORICAL WORLD MAP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. J. Verhoeven

2017-08-01

Full Text Available This paper reports in detail on the image-based modelling and unwrapping approach used to create a two-dimensional projected map of an astonishing ostrich egg globe from AD 1504. This miniature egg globe is not only the oldest extant engraved globe, but it is also the oldest post-Columbian globe of the world and the first ever to depict Newfoundland and many other territories. The intention of digitally recording the surface geometry and colour of this unique artefact was to portray the original layout of the world map used by the Florentine Renaissance artist to make this globe. In addition, it was expected to substantiate iconographical details, which are hard to study at its scale of 1:80,000,000. The ostrich egg globe is the prototype of the Lenox Globe kept at the New York Public Library. The latter is very beneficial to examine how the egg globe looked like before being glued together at its equator. On the other hand, unfolding the map engraved in the ostrich egg halves enables a more detailed study of the remarkable details visible on both globes, since the engravings on the quasi-white egg surface are much easier to discern than those of the highly reflective red copper Lenox Globe. Finally, a detailed study of the unwrapped 3D surface is essential to learn more about the world vision of its creator and the incredible efforts that went into making this globe. Thanks to some particular pictographic details as well as the way in which the engravings are applied (by a left-handed person, the globe artist can be identified as Leonardo da Vinci.

FAZENDINHA I: DESCOBERTA DE UM NOVO SÍTIO PRÉ-HISTÓRICO E DESCRIÇÃO PRELIMINAR DE SUAS INSCRIÇÕES RUPESTRES E PROBLEMAS DE CONSERVAÇÃO (Fazendinha I: Discovery of a New Prehistoric Site, Preliminary Description from its Rock Inscriptions, and Conservation Problems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Carlos Duarte Cavalcante

2016-06-01

Full Text Available O sítio arqueológico conhecido como Fazendinha I, descoberto em 2010, é um abrigo de arenito com inscrições pré-históricas, localizado na área rural de Piripiri, estado do Piauí, Brasil. O abrigo sob-rocha contém uma coleção excepcional de 141 pinturas rupestres e 65 gravuras rupestres. As pinturas rupestres consistem de grafismos geométricos abstratos, carimbos de mãos humanas, zoomorfos (lagartos e ornitomorfos, antropomorfos e fitomorfos, pintados predominantemente em diferentes tonalidades de vermelho, mas também em preto, alaranjado, vinho, púrpura-escuro e marrom-alaranjado. As gravuras rupestres (feitas por picotagem; algumas com acabamento por abrasão representam principalmente cúpules, mas também figuras abstratas e um lagarto (único animal gravado conhecido em todos os sítios pré-históricos da região arqueológica de Piripiri. A vasta maioria das gravuras foi também pintada. Além da elevada densidade de inscrições rupestres, há sobreposições e recorrências dos motivos pintados e gravados. Vegetação, fauna e estado de conservação das inscrições pré-históricas e do abrigo sob-rocha, são mencionados. ENGLISH: The archaeological site known as Fazendinha I, discovered in 2010, is a sandstone shelter with prehistoric inscriptions located in the rural area of Piripiri, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The rockshelter contains an exceptional collection of 141 rock paintings and 65 rock engravings. The rock paintings consist of abstract geometric graphisms, human handprints, zoomorphs (lizards and ornithomorphs, anthropomorphs and phytomorphs, painted predominantly in different tonalities of red, but also in black, orangish, wine, dark-purple, and orangish brown. The rock engravings (made by pecking; some finished by abrading represent mainly cupules, but also abstract figures and a lizard (the only engraved animal known in all prehistoric sites of the archaeological region from Piripiri. The vast

46 CFR 298.30 - Nature and content of Obligations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... form of a note, bond of any type, or other debt instrument, when engraved, printed or lithographed on a... other means on several pages of paper, the Guarantee of the United States and the authentication...

77 FR 63417 - Senior Executive Service; Legal Division Performance Review Board Members

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-16

...; Bill Bradley, Chief Counsel, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network; Himamauli Das, Assistant General... General Counsel (Enforcement & Intelligence); Kevin Rice, Chief Counsel, Bureau of Engraving and Printing...

High power CO2 laser development with AOM integration for ultra high-speed pulses

Science.gov (United States)

Bohrer, Markus; Vaupel, Matthias; Nirnberger, Robert; Weinberger, Bernhard; Jamalieh, Murad

2017-01-01

There is a 500 billion USD world market for packaging expected to grow to a trillion in 2030. Austria plays an important role world wide for high speed laser engraving applications — especially when it comes to high end solutions. Such high end solutions are fundamental for the production of print forms for the packaging and decorating industry (e. g. cans). They are additionally used for security applications (e. g. for printing banknotes), for the textile printing industry and for creating embossing forms (e. g. for the production of dashboards in the automotive industry). High speed, high precision laser engraving needs laser resonators with very stable laser beams (400 - 800W) especially in combination with AOMs. Based upon a unique carbon fiber structure - stable within the sub-micrometer range - a new resonator has been developed, accompanied by most recent thermo-mechanical FEM calculations. The resulting beam is evaluated on an automated optical bench using hexapods, allowing to optimize the complete beam path with collimators and AOM. The major steps related to laser engraving of dry offset printing plates during the full workflow from the artists design to the printed result on an aluminum can is presented in this paper as well as laser characteristics, AOM integration and correlative CLSM and SEM investigation of the results.

Raman identification of cuneiform tablet pigments: emphasis and colour technology in ancient Mesopotamian mid-third millennium

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniele Chiriu

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Cuneiform tablets tell the life and culture of Sumerian people in a sort of black and white tale because of the binary engraving technique. A leading question arises: did Mesopotamian people apply some kind of colour to decorate their tablets or to put emphasis on selected words? Some administrative and literary Sumerian cuneiform tablets of mid-third Millennium B.C. from the site of Kish (central Mesopotamia, modern Iraq were dug up in twentieth-century and stored at the Ashmolean Museum of the Oxford University. Non-destructive micro-Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique to detect the presence of residual pigments eventually applied to the engraving signs. Yellow, orange, red and white pigments have been detected and a possible identification has been proposed in this work. In particular yellow pigments are identified as Crocoite (PbCrO4, Lead stannate (Pb2SnO4; red pigments − hematite (Fe2O3 and cuprite (Cu2O; White pigments − Lead carbonate (PbCO3, calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO42, titanium dioxide (TiO2, gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O; orange pigment a composition of red and yellow compounds. These results suggest that Sumerian people invented a new editorial style, to overcome the binary logic of engraving process and catch the reader’s eye by decorating cuneiform tablets. Finally, the coloured rendering of the tablet in their original view is proposed.

76 FR 64428 - Senior Executive Service; Combined Performance Review Board (PRB)

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-18

... Greiner, Chief Financial Officer, United States Mint. John J. Manfreda, Administrator, TTB. Diane K. Wade... of Engraving and Printing (BEP), the Financial Management Service (FMS), the United [[Page 64429

31 CFR 1.20 - Purpose and scope of regulation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Intelligence) and all offices reporting to such official, including immediate staff; (14) Assistant Secretary... Secretary (Intelligence and Analysis) and all offices reporting to such official, including immediate staff... Supervision. (h) Bureau of Engraving and Printing. (i) United States Mint. (j) Financial Crimes Enforcement...

Semiochemical -Based Communication in interspecific interactions between IPS PINI and Pityogenes Knecteli (Swaine) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Lodgepole Pine

Science.gov (United States)

Therese M. Poland; John H. Borden

1994-01-01

The pine engraver, Ips pini Say, and Pityogenes knechteli Swaine often co-exist in lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann. We tested the hypotheses that P. knechteli produces an attractive pheromone and that the attraction of P. knechteli...

Dating oxalate minerals in rock surface deposits

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watchman, A.

2001-01-01

Oxalate minerals are found associated with rocks, mineral coatings, micro-organisms, plants and animals. They are important in archaeology because they have been found intimately associated with organic binders in prehistoric paints. Oxalate minerals also accumulate in the coatings on rock shelter walls and fallen ceiling slabs where they form the natural backing supports for painting and opaque laminates covering engravings. Though the relationship between anthropogenic activity in a rock shelter and oxalate formation is often uncertain, the radiocarbon age of the oxalate may provide the only means for determining the antiquity of a rock painting or engraving. This paper examines the history of dating oxalate minerals at archaeological sites and provides insights into achieving reliable age estimates. (author). 37 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs

My culture is engraved on my tombstone

OpenAIRE

Bada, Erdoğan; Ulum, Ömer Gökhan

2016-01-01

We, humans, mirror our cultural characteristics in death just as we do in life. This study focuses on the way the dead communicate with the living through their gravestones. For this, we surveyed, photographed and documented a plethora of gravestones affiliated to Shamanism, Taoism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and conducted content analysis of thematized scripts on stones and objects left on graves for remembrance. Our findings suggest that each set of beliefs displays specific as well ...

77 FR 10714 - Department of the Treasury Acquisition Regulation; Internet Payment Platform

Science.gov (United States)

2012-02-23

... organizations: (1) Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB); (2) Bureau of Engraving & Printing (BEP); (3) Bureau of Public Debt (BPD); (4) Departmental Offices (DO); (5) Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (Fin...

Juan Valverde de Hamusco's unauthorized reproduction of a brain dissection by Andreas Vesalius.

Science.gov (United States)

Lanska, Douglas J; Lanska, John R

2013-02-26

The objective of the present work is to examine images of the brain dissection by Flemish-born anatomist Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) as originally represented in the Fabrica (1543), and later copied without Vesalius' permission by Spanish anatomist Juan Valverde de Hamusco (c1525-c1587) in Historia de la composicion del cuerpo humano (1556). Illustrations of the brain dissection in the Fabrica were obtained in digital form, resized, and arranged in a comparable montage to that presented by Valverde. Computer manipulations were used to assess image correspondence. The Valverde illustrations are approximately half the size and are mirror images of those in the Fabrica, but otherwise show the same dissection stages, and identical transverse brain levels and structures. The Valverde illustrations lack shadowing and show minor variations in perspective and fine details (e.g., branching pattern of the middle meningeal artery) from those in the Fabrica. Craftsmen under the direction of Valverde copied the woodcut prints in the Fabrica in close but approximate form by freehand engraving onto copper plates. Differences in the sizes of the images, and in perspective and fine detail, preclude direct tracing of images as the means of copying. Because engravings are in effect "flipped over" to make further prints, subsequent prints made from Valverde's copperplate engravings are mirror images of the prints in Vesalius' Fabrica.

The Draughtsman’s Contacts: Robert Seymour and the Humorous Periodical Press in the 1830s

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brian Maidment

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Robert Seymour was celebrated enough in his day to become one of very few late Regency and early Victorian comic and satirical draughtsmen sufficiently visible to be traced through the magazines of the 1830s. His periodical contributions are, therefore, of considerable significance in trying to establish the patterns of work and maps of interconnected activity that were necessary to sustain the career of a jobbing draughtsman at this time. After contributing to Bell’s Life in London in the late 1820s, Seymour’s presence as a prolific magazine illustrator dates largely from the early 1830s. As well as a mass of jobbing illustrations that were produced for a remarkably diverse range of magazines. Seymour worked extensively for three significant and profusely illustrated magazines at this time — the Looking Glass, Figaro in London, and the Comic Magazine. The Looking Glass was published by Thomas McLean and sought to sustain an established tradition of political caricature through adapting it to a magazine format using the relatively new reprographic medium of lithography. Figaro in London was illustrated by vignette wood engravings, which were both vernacular and sophisticated at the same time. The Comic Magazine, another publication dependent on small wood-engraved images, sought to build on the growing popularity of song books and comic annuals. The diversity and prolixity of Seymour’s output at this time bears testimony to the extraordinary demands made on draughtsmen and engravers in the 1830s, and suggests something of the relentlessly innovative market place for humorous and satirical print at this time.

78 FR 53733 - Procurement List Additions and Deletions

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-30

.../Location: Industrial Laundry Service, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, 9000 Blue Mound Road, Fort Worth...: Additions to and Deletions from the Procurement List. SUMMARY: This action adds products and services to the... severe disabilities, and deletes services from the Procurement List previously provided by such agencies...

76 FR 66913 - Procurement List Proposed Additions and Deletions

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-28

...&M, Philadelphia, PA. Service Service Type/Location: Industrial Laundry Service, Bureau of Engraving... proposing to add products and service to the Procurement List that will be furnished by nonprofit agencies... identified in this notice will be required to procure the products and service listed below from nonprofit...

Burn Rehabilitation and Research: Proceedings of a Consensus Summit

Science.gov (United States)

2009-08-01

projectsperceivedasneeding investigation.Multicenter re- search initiatives are highly encouraged. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank Carol Raymond, Maria Chapa, Travis...Engrav LH, Nakamura DY, Dutcher KA, Heimbach DM, Vedder NB. Treatment of fourth-degree hand burns. J Burn Care Rehabil 1995;16:36–42. 42. Mendez

Magdalenian double readings. A case from Pekárna, Moravia

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Svoboda, Jiří

2007-01-01

Roč. 62, - (2007), s. 69-72 ISSN 0245-9523 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80010507 Keywords : art * double readings * engraving * Pekárna * Magdalenian Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

78 FR 771 - Notice of Determinations Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-04

... Technologies, Eco Energy Solutions. 81,965 Melco Engraving, Inc...... Rochester Hills, MI.. 81,975 Xerox Corporation, Solid Wilsonville, OR...... Ink Development Group, Global Technology Development Group. I hereby...., HCL Technologies Limited. [[Page 773

46 CFR 160.040-4 - Equipment for impulse-projected rocket type line-throwing appliance.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... be of either natural or synthetic fibers suitable for marine usage. The end of the line intended to... directions for loading and firing the appliance in service use shall be permanently engraved in plastic and...

Context and dating of Aurignacian vulvar representations from Abri Castanet, France

Science.gov (United States)

White, Randall; Mensan, Romain; Bourrillon, Raphaëlle; Cretin, Catherine; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Clark, Amy E.; Sisk, Matthew L.; Tartar, Elise; Gardère, Philippe; Goldberg, Paul; Pelegrin, Jacques; Valladas, Hélène; Tisnérat-Laborde, Nadine; de Sanoit, Jacques; Chambellan, Dominique; Chiotti, Laurent

2012-01-01

We report here on the 2007 discovery, in perfect archaeological context, of part of the engraved and ocre-stained undersurface of the collapsed rockshelter ceiling from Abri Castanet, Dordogne, France. The decorated surface of the 1.5-t roof-collapse block was in direct contact with the exposed archaeological surface onto which it fell. Because there was no sedimentation between the engraved surface and the archaeological layer upon which it collapsed, it is clear that the Early Aurignacian occupants of the shelter were the authors of the ceiling imagery. This discovery contributes an important dimension to our understanding of the earliest graphic representation in southwestern France, almost all of which was discovered before modern methods of archaeological excavation and analysis. Comparison of the dates for the Castanet ceiling and those directly obtained from the Chauvet paintings reveal that the “vulvar” representations from southwestern France are as old or older than the very different wall images from Chauvet. PMID:22586111

Linear-motion tattoo machine and prefabricated needle sets for the delivery of plant viruses by vascular puncture inoculation

Science.gov (United States)

Vascular puncture inoculation (VPI) of plant viruses previously has been conducted either manually or by use of a commercial engraving tool and laboratory-fabricated needle arrays. In an effort to improve this technique, a linear-motion tattoo machine driving industry-standard needle arrays was tes...

Observations on the effects of grooved surfaces on the interfacial torque in highly loaded rolling and sliding tests

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Janakiraman, Shravan; Klit, Peder; Jensen, Niels Steenfeldt

2014-01-01

Some efforts have been undertaken to study the effects of grooved surfaces on the interfacial film thickness and torque between two contacting non-conformal surfaces under heavy loads. Transverse grooves of micrometer scale depth were engraved on polished, flat ring surfaces using established ind...

75 FR 12254 - Official Trail Marker for the Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-15

... comprehensive management and use Plan. It first came into public use in 2009. The National Park Service official... or in any other manner makes or executes any engraving, photograph or print, or impression in the...

31 CFR 1.36 - Systems exempt in whole or in part from provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552a and this part.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Employees. CS .285 Automated Index to Central Enforcement Files. (v) Bureau of Engraving and Printing. (vi... the material contained in the protective intelligence files is considered necessary to the preservation of the utility of intelligence files and in safeguarding those persons the Department is...

Vzácná florentská rytina z Regionálního muzea v Žatci. Středověký rukopis Meffertovy postily žateckého Regionálního muzea s unikátní rytinou florentské provenience

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Petr, Stanislav

2016-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 0 (2016), , s. 18-24, 134-137 ISSN 2464-5273 Institutional support: RVO:67985921 Keywords : Piero Baldini, Florence * engraving * Regional Museum in Žatec, Czech Republic Subject RIV: AB - History

L’Arlequinade anglaise et la gravure satirique au XVIIIe siècle : Élaboration esthétique et détournement politique The English Harlequinade and The Satirical Print in the Eighteenth Century: Æsthetic Elaboration and Political Significance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marc Martinez

2009-11-01

Full Text Available In the satirical texts of the 1720s, the English pantomime and its emblematic figure, Harlequin, pandered to the xenophobic prejudices that stigmatised foreignness and at the same time fuelled the attacks of literary satirists who exposed the degeneracy of the national stage. The print market that was developing around the same period issued a series of satirical engravings that endlessly rework the æsthetic grievances of verbal satire and give concurrently to the figure of Harlequin a political significance. From being the satirical embodiment of a perverted theatrical taste, Harlequin becomes a grotesque metaphor of the figures and fixtures of political life. Alongside the ideological import, these prints reflect the aesthetic elaboration of contemporary graphic satire. While these engravings invite a mode of viewing that moves from the image to the printed word, they translate the stylistic strategies of verbal satire into graphic form and oscillate between the emblematic tradition and the mimetic mode.

Los medallones pequeños del coro alto de la Sillería de la Catedral de Córdoba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Navarrete Prieto, Benito

1998-03-01

Full Text Available Study about the engraving and drawing sources that Pedro Duque Cornejo used for the little medallions of the upper choir in the Choir-Stalls of the Cordoba Cathedral made between 1747-1757.No disponible

The STruCTure and dynamiCS of LuTher'S CaTeChiSm

African Journals Online (AJOL)

except the Bible. To put it poetically: “its rhythms sang themselves into the hearts of Lutherans everywhere” (Wiencke 1965:379). Consulting the Tanner- collection in the ... territories in america carried in their saddlebags just a few copies of Luther's .... appeared in 1529 in book form, decorated with biblical engravings and.

75 FR 28331 - Meaningful Access to United States Currency for Blind and Visually Impaired Persons

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-20

... feature is used in some foreign currency, and the Study's data indicated that this feature was more... Currency for Blind and Visually Impaired Persons AGENCY: Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Department of... meaningful access to U.S. currency to people who are blind and visually impaired pursuant to section 504 of...

75 FR 62921 - Senior Executive Service; Legal Division Performance Review Board

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-13

... Law and Regulation); M.J.K. Maher, Jr., Deputy Assistant General Counsel (Enforcement & Intelligence... General Counsel; Mark Monborne, Assistant General Counsel (Enforcement & Intelligence); Clarissa C. Potter... Engraving and Printing; Laurie Schaffer, Assistant General Counsel (Banking and Finance); Daniel P. Shaver...

The portrait of a prophet – why is Wright not right about Jesus?

African Journals Online (AJOL)

p1243322

suited to describe the portrait of Jesus emanating from the sources at hand. He furthermore .... Wright maintains that Jesus retold Israel's story, both explicitly and implicitly, as ..... of which were engraved in the palms of their hands. To reduce ...

76 FR 60128 - Senior Executive Service; Legal Division Performance Review Board

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-28

...; M.J.K. Maher, Jr., Deputy Assistant General Counsel (Enforcement & Intelligence); Margaret V... Counsel; Mark Monborne, Assistant General Counsel (Enforcement & Intelligence); Helen Morrison, Deputy Benefits Tax Counsel; Kevin Rice, Chief Counsel, Bureau of Engraving and Printing; Daniel P. Shaver, Chief...

Pavao Ritter Vitezović - 300th Anniversary of Death

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivka Kljajić

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Pavao Ritter Vitezović was born in Senj on January 12, 1652 and died in Vienna on January 21, 1713. He attended elementary school in Senj and continued his education at a Jesuit high school in Zagreb, where his professor was Juraj Habdelić. After finishing the sixth grade in rhetoric, he quit school and went to Rome, where he met Johannes Lucius (Ivan Lučić. He was taught by cartographer Georg Matheus Vischer in Vienna. Vitezović spent the following two years in Bogenšperk (Wagensberg, Vagensperg, where Johann Weikhard Valvasor taught him surveying and copper-engraving. He prepared most templates for Croatian city views for Valvasor and engraved them in copper plates. He returned to Senj in 1679. As a city emissary, he travelled to the Viennese Parliament, where he advocated for Senj getting a royal charter and rights it had had for a long time. He participated in wars against Turks and became an officer for Nikola Erdödy. While he was staying as an emissary of Senj in Linz in 1684, he produced Odiljenje sigetsko and changed his German last name Ritter to Croatian Vitezović. He used to go outdoors and sketch cities and towers which he subsequently engraved in copper plates. This is how his copper-engravings were made which were incorporated in the album of Valvasor’s Topographia Ducatus Carnioliae modernae (Topography of Duchy of Carniola, as well as in Die Ehre des Herzogthums Crain (Glory of Duchy of Carniola in 1689. He participated in wars for liberation of Lika and Krbava and became the vice-prefect of Lika in 1691. He took over the Land Printing Office (Zemaljska tiskara at the session of the Croatian Parliament in Varaždin in 1694. Several important books, textbooks, calendars, prayer books and proclamations, and especially important, his historiographic work in Croatian Kronika aliti spomen vsega svijeta vikov from 1696 and a booklet in Latin titled Croatia rediviva regnante Leopoldo Magno Caesare (Croatia Revived under the

Boring in response to bark and phloem extracts from North American trees does not explain host acceptance behavior of Orthotomicus erosus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Science.gov (United States)

Abigail J. Walter; Stephen A. Kells; Robert C. Venette; Steven J. Seybold

2010-01-01

When invasive herbivorous insects encounter novel plant species, they must determine whether the novel plants are hosts. The Mediterranean pine engraver, Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston), an exotic bark beetle poised to expand its range in North America, accepts hosts after contacting the bark. To test the hypothesis that O. erosus...

31 CFR 1.1 - General.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... Intelligence) and all offices reporting to such official, including immediate staff; (N) Assistant Secretary... Secretary (Intelligence and Analysis) and all offices reporting to such official, including immediate staff... Supervision. (viii) Bureau of Engraving and Printing. (ix) United States Mint. (x) Financial Crimes...

Guide to Canadian Aerospace Related Industries,

Science.gov (United States)

1986-02-28

Canadair, de Havilland Aircraft of Canada, Government of Precision Engraving; Custom Packaging; Blister Packaging. Malaysia and many other corporate...formal projects and special assign- Frequency Control (Crystals). ments for EPA (US), Cal OSHA , USDA, US Gas Research Revised: Sep 85 Keywords: Test

5 CFR Appendix B to Part 2641 - Agency Components for Purposes of 18 U.S.C. 207(c)

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... Systems Agency. Defense Intelligence Agency. Defense Logistics Agency. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (effective February 5, 1999). National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (formerly National Imagery and Mapping... Bureau (effective November 23, 2004). Bureau of Engraving and Printing. Bureau of the Mint. Bureau of the...

PORTRAIT IN LITERATURE AND GRAPHIC ART: THE CASE OF THE FIERY ANGEL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Natalia A. Drovaleva

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This essay analyzes portraits in several editions of The Fiery Angel published during This essay analyzes portraits in several editions of The Fiery Angel published during Bryusov’s lifetime and claims that the portrait was as a universal point of convergence for verbal and visual arts. The dialogue between literature and graphics in the context of the synthesis of arts sheds new light on the possibilities for interdisciplinary research. The time of the “beautiful book” was a time of great artists and illustrators who introduced the peculiarities of their own style and the manner of their artistic schools into their art. Books were commonly decorated with vignettes and famous paintings. Portraits, as well as plates in general, were of the highest quality. They were ornamental and illusory, with every minute detail finely drawn out. Yet, in the second edition of the novel Bryusov deliberately included medieval engravings and portraits. A comparative analysis of the verbal portraits in The Fiery Angel and engraved portraits in the book (Ruprecht, Heinrich, Faust, Mephistopheles, Renata, and Madiel demonstrates that both the main and the secondary characters of the novel are picturesque and multidimensional whereas the xylographic portraits rather reveal conventionality and simplicity of the medieval time. This way Bryusov was seeking to debase clichе’s, especially as regards Agrippa von Nettesheim and Faust: according to Bryusov, the character of Agrippa had already become a clichе’d image and so was the popular engraving of the scientist that he reproduced in the middle of the sixth chapter of the 1909 edition. Juxtaposing the verbal and the graphic portraits in The Fiery Angel helps us better understand the function of the verbal portrait in a Symbolist text that was determined by the author’s design, on the one hand, and by various “instruments” of different arts, on the other.

AN AUTOPSIC ART: DRAWINGS OF 'DR GRANVILLE'S MUMMY' IN THE ROYAL SOCIETY ARCHIVES.

Science.gov (United States)

Riggs, Christina

2016-06-20

In 1821 Augustus Bozzi Granville FRS unwrapped and dissected an ancient Egyptian mummy, presenting the results of his examination to the Royal Society in 1825. He commissioned artist Henry Perry to draw the process in stages; these drawings were subsequently engraved by James Basire for publication in Philosophical Transactions. This article presents the original drawings for the first time, allowing comparison with their engravings. Taken together with Granville's accounts of the unwrapping of the mummy, the drawings demonstrate the significant role of illustration and other visual practices in anatomical argumentation in the early nineteenth century, as well as the prestige that commissioned illustrations lent to the performance and dissemination of scientific expertise. Moreover, the drawings include one of the key visual tropes of race science--a skull in left-facing profile, mapped with a facial angle--and thus indicate the early incorporation of Egyptian mummies into typologies of race.

An autopsic art: drawings of ‘Dr Granville's mummy’ in the Royal Society archives

Science.gov (United States)

Riggs, Christina

2016-01-01

In 1821 Augustus Bozzi Granville FRS unwrapped and dissected an ancient Egyptian mummy, presenting the results of his examination to the Royal Society in 1825. He commissioned artist Henry Perry to draw the process in stages; these drawings were subsequently engraved by James Basire for publication in Philosophical Transactions. This article presents the original drawings for the first time, allowing comparison with their engravings. Taken together with Granville's accounts of the unwrapping of the mummy, the drawings demonstrate the significant role of illustration and other visual practices in anatomical argumentation in the early nineteenth century, as well as the prestige that commissioned illustrations lent to the performance and dissemination of scientific expertise. Moreover, the drawings include one of the key visual tropes of race science—a skull in left-facing profile, mapped with a facial angle—and thus indicate the early incorporation of Egyptian mummies into typologies of race. PMID:27386713

The Body as Language and Expression of the Indigenous Australian Cultural Identity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dolors Soriano

2009-06-01

Full Text Available In the Indigenous Australian oral culture, Tradition and Law are transmitted orally – through songs, tales, legends, etc. – and by visual expressions – engravings and drawings made on rocks, on the ground, on material objects, on bark and on the human body–. Drawings and engravings transform the surface on which they are made from profane to sacred, since they are the transmitters of cultural myths and beliefs, generation after generation. The body, one of the supports of visual expression, actively participates in the transmission of myths, relegating the design to a secondary place. The most important thing is the transmission of the myth and not the way it is transmitted, or the result. The mythological narrative or legend surpasses the aesthetic line of vision. This paper intends to expose the primacy of the use of the body -- human or not–, as a transmitter of the myths and history of the Indigenous Australian culture. In this way the body speaks a non-oral language full of symbolism and meaning.

Selective electrochemical gold deposition onto p-Si (1 0 0) surfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santinacci, L; Etcheberry, A [Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (UMR CNRS 8180), University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, F-78035 Versailles cedex (France); Djenizian, T [Laboratoire Chimie Provence (UMR CNRS 6264), University of Aix-Marseille I-II-III, Centre Saint-Jerome, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20 (France); Schwaller, P [Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Testing and Research, Feuerwerkstr. 39, CH-3602 Thun (Switzerland); Suter, T [Laboratory for Corrosion and Materials Integrity, Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Testing and Research, Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf (Switzerland); Schmuki, P [Department of Materials Science, LKO-WW4, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstr. 7, D-91058 Erlangen (Germany)], E-mail: lionel.santinacci@uvsq.fr

2008-09-07

In this paper, we report selective electrochemical gold deposition onto p-type Si (1 0 0) into nanoscratches produced through a thin oxide layer using an atomic force microscope. A detailed description of the substrate engraving process is presented. The influence of the main scratching parameters such as the normal applied force, the number of scans and the scanning velocity are investigated as well as the mechanical properties of the substrate. Gold deposition is carried out in a KAu(CN){sub 2} + KCN solution by applying cathodic voltages for various durations. The gold deposition process is investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Reactivity enhancement at the scratched locations was studied by comparing the electrochemical behaviour of intact and engraved surfaces using a micro-electrochemical setup. Selective electrochemical gold deposition is achieved: metallic patterns with a sub-500 nm lateral resolution are obtained demonstrating, therefore, the bearing potential of this patterning technique.

Chronological Trends in Negev Rock Art: The Har Michia Petroglyphs as a Test Case

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Davida Eisenberg-Degen

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Negev rock art comprises a large and diverse corpus of motifs and compositions developed over the course of several millennia. As dating of specific elements is at present not possible, the rock art was analyzed statistically through the study of individual panels where internal sequences of engraving could be discerned. Examining the set of such individual sequences, larger scale reconstruction of engraving phases, sequences and patterns were recognized. Additional chronological markers, such as the presence of domestic camels or other chronologically diagnostic features, offer benchmarks for tying the general trends to more absolute frameworks. The reconstructed patterns reflect the long term history of the Negev and some of the most significant cultural and social transitions in the region are reflected visually through the rock art, notably a form of self-expression, a crucial complement to the historical sequences derived from sedentary peoples living farther north. For example the introduction of the domestic camel and its symbolic and economic significance is well evident in the rock art. Similarly, the emergence of Islam is expressed through the mark makers’ preference for "abstract" (non-figurative motifs. One motif found throughout all engraving phases, transcending the religious, political and economic structures of Negev society, is the “ibex”. Although Negev societies have all focused, to one degree or another, on sheep and goat pastoralism, these animals are rarely present in the Negev rock art and never as herds. Ibex, whose role in the diet and daily subsistence was minimal, was the most commonly depicted zoomorphic motif.

Importance of log size on host selection and reproductive success of Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in ponderosa pine slash of northern Arizona and western Montana

Science.gov (United States)

Brytten E. Steed; Michael R. Wagner

2004-01-01

Pine engraver, Ips pini (Say), often use thinning slash, and their populations are known to be influenced by the condition of this material. In our study, we evaluated the importance of three log diameters (5, 10, and 20 cm) and three lengths (60, 120, and 240 cm) on various parameters of bark beetle host attack, development, and emergence....

Achado dunhas lousas con arte megalítico en Fonte Tourón Lalín, Pontevedra

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cabrejas Domínguez, Elena

2009-12-01

Full Text Available In an archaeological context before a works execution took place (an electric half tension line, some engraved gravestones were found around the area of Fonte Touron, Council of Lalín. These gravestones have engravings representative of megalithism and nowadays they became boundary markers of the yards in which they are. The features of the engravings, besides the very shape of the stones and the context where other mounds are located, and above everything, the information provided by local neighbors that relate the stones of this mound to one set apart some years ago, points that they were part of a megalithic monument, and it is highly probable that they were the orthostats of a chamber.

No contexto dos traballos arqueolóxicos previos á execución dunha obra (unha liña eléctrica de media tensión, localizáronse unhas lousas con gravados na zona de Fonte Tourón, en Lalín. Trátase dunhas lousas que presentan uns gravados de estilo propio do megalitismo e que agora forman parte dos lindes das fincas nas que se atopan. As características destes gravados, sumado á propia forma das pedras, a un contexto onde se localizan outras mámoas e sobre todo, á información dos veciños que vinculan estas pedras cunha mámoa desfeita fai uns anos, apuntan a que formaron parte dun monumento megalítico, e que moi probablemente se trata dos esteos dunha cámara.

78 FR 27295 - Submission for OMB Review, Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-09

... Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) and as part of its continuing effort to reduce paperwork and... features most effectively provide meaningful access to denominate United States paper currency. The new... blind and visually impaired persons can denominate United States paper currency using various, tactile...

77 FR 4083 - Departmental Offices; Submission for OMB Review, Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-26

... United States Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) and as part of its continuing effort to reduce... of Partial Destruction of Mutilated Currency.'' The current information collection is assigned OMB Number 1520-0001. The information collection requests owners of partially destroyed U.S. currency to...

18 CFR 131.43 - Report of securities issued.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

.... Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee 6. State mortgage registration tax 7. State commission fee 8. Fee for recording indenture 9. United States document tax 10. Printing and engraving expenses 11. Trustee's charges 12. Counsel fees 13. Accountant's fees 14. Cost of listing 15. Miscellaneous...

Technologické využití elektronového svazku

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Zobač, Martin; Zobačová, Jitka; Vlček, Ivan

2012-01-01

Roč. 57, č. 10 (2012), s. 270-274 ISSN 0447-6441 Institutional support: RVO:68081731 Keywords : focused intense electron beam * welding * machining * heat treatment * surface modifica­tion * engraving * texturing * additive manufactu­ring Subject RIV: JA - Electronics ; Optoelectronics, Electrical Engineering

Acrylic and metal based Y-branch plastic optical fiber splitter with optical NOA63 polymer waveguide taper region

Science.gov (United States)

Ehsan, Abang Annuar; Shaari, Sahbudin; Rahman, Mohd Kamil Abd.

2011-01-01

We proposed a simple low-cost acrylic and metal-based Y-branch plastic optical fiber (POF) splitter which utilizes a low cost optical polymer glue NOA63 as the main waveguiding medium at the waveguide taper region. The device is composed of three sections: an input POF waveguide, a middle waveguide taper region and output POF waveguides. A desktop high speed CNC engraver is utilized to produce the mold inserts used for the optical devices. Short POF fibers are inserted into the engraved slots at the input and output ports. UV curable optical polymer glue NOA63 is injected into the waveguide taper region and cured. The assembling is completed when the top plate is positioned to enclose the device structure and connecting screws are secured. Both POF splitters have an average insertion loss of 7.8 dB, coupling ratio of 55: 45 and 57: 43 for the acrylic and metal-based splitters respectively. The devices have excess loss of 4.82 and 4.73 dB for the acrylic and metal-based splitters respectively.

Responses of Ips pini (Say), Pityogenes knechteli Swaine and Associated Beetles (Coleoptera) to Host Monoterpenes in Stands of Lodgepole Pine

Science.gov (United States)

Daniel R. Miller; John H. Borden

2003-01-01

We conducted seven experiments in stands of mature lodgepole pine in southern British Columbia to elucidate the role of host volatiles in the semiochemical ecology of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), with particular reference to the behavioral responses of predators and competing species of bark beetles. Our results demonstrated that the...

2018-03-20T00:05:32Z https://www.ajol.info/index.php/all/oai oai:ojs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Strengthening ethical political leadership is trepiditious, given the deeply engraved status quo that appeals to political elites who command power and benefi t from the system through semi-democratic, semi-authoritarian and authoritarian regime types. Using an interdisciplinary approach of peace and confl ict studies, the ...

77 FR 4626 - Departmental Offices; Submission for OMB Review, Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-30

... United States Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) and as part of its continuing effort to reduce... currency. The second generic clearance will allow the BEP to engage in scientific studies that will help... currency using various, tactile features currently being evaluated. DATES: Written comments should be...

Reward Merit with Praise.

Science.gov (United States)

Andrews, Hans A.

1987-01-01

Describes the efforts of two educational institutions to reward teaching excellence using positive feedback rather than merit pay incentives. An Arizona district, drawing on Herzberg's motivation theories, offers highly individualized rewards ranging from computers to conference money, while an Illinois community college bestows engraved plaques…

Possible Astronomical meaning of some El Molle findings at the ESO Observatory of La Silla

Science.gov (United States)

Vecchiato, Alberto; Bernardi, Gabriella; Bucciarelli, Beatrice

2015-08-01

The slopes surrounding the buildings of the European Southern Observatory at La Silla are known to house several hundred rock engravings dating back to the pre-Columbian populations that once inhabited this region. Although precise archaeological studies are missing since none of these sites has been excavated, these petroglyphs are attributed to people of the El Molle Culture, who around AD 300 had just abandoned their original lifestyle of hunting and gathering and developed more evolved settlements based on herding and farming.While it is difficult to ascertain precisely the meaning of these ancient rock engravings, it seems that a specific astronomical alignment can be attributed to a simple yet peculiar, man-made stone structure, which can be found in the same site. The archaeoastronomical dating of this alignment coincides to that of the petroglyphs. Moreover it allows to highlight a noticeable and intriguing connection with a practical function which appears quite reasonable for the population to whom this structure is attributed.

Fatigue fracture of cutter blade made of high-speed steel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Beata Letkowska

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The quality of the surface of cyclically loaded components is very important. Many observations confirm that the root cause of the micro cracks (causing the fatigue fracture are primarily a surface's defects appearing during production process. These surface defects can be also caused by engraving processes used to perform identification marks. This paper presents the failure analysis of broken blade of the cutter Ku 500VX. The blade was subject of standard metallographic examination, hardness measurements, fractography analysis and metallographic studies using stereoscopic, light and scanning electron microscopes. The damage of the blade was caused by changes of the structure (formation of the brittle micro dendritic structure that occurred during manual electric engraving process when the material was heated till its melting point. As a result the stresses occurred in surface what provided to micro cracking and to propagate the fatigue fracture. The origin of this fatigue fracture was in the place where the inscription was made.

Fabrication and Testing of High-Speed-Single-Rotor and Compound-Rotor Systems

Science.gov (United States)

2016-05-04

laser engraved scales on the base and table and a 1/4" Jacobs drill chuck and key. 7.2 Specifications Max clearance, table to spindle 9.00" (229 mm...This flow control valve is rated for a peak pressure of 315 bar and a maximum flow rate of 330 l/min. It is operated by a 24 V solenoid valve that is

Fabrication and Testing of High-Speed Single-Rotor and Compound-Rotor Systems

Science.gov (United States)

2016-04-05

laser engraved scales on the base and table and a 1/4" Jacobs drill chuck and key. 7.2 Specifications Max clearance, table to spindle 9.00" (229 mm...This flow control valve is rated for a peak pressure of 315 bar and a maximum flow rate of 330 l/min. It is operated by a 24 V solenoid valve that is

Making waves: visualizing fluid flows

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zweers, Wout; Zwart, Valerie; Bokhove, Onno

2013-01-01

We explore the visualization of violent wave dynamics and erosion by waves and jets in laser-cut reliefs, laser engravings, and three-dimensional printing. For this purpose we built table-top experiments to cast breaking waves, and also explored the creation of extreme or rogue waves in larger wave

76 FR 55737 - Proposed Privacy Act Systems of Records

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-08

...., Washington, DC 20219-0001. (4) Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP): 14th & C Streets, SW. Washington, DC... Street, NW., Washington, DC 20239. (9) Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), Vienna, VA 22183... structured around need and is determined by the person's role in the organization. Printed materials are...

Linguistic Documentation of Metal System

Science.gov (United States)

1978-05-01

AERonautics AESTHetics AGRiculture = same = ALCHEMY ANATomy = MEDical, PHYSIOLogy ANTiquity « ANTIQuity ANTHRopology ARCHitecture « same ARCHAEOLogy... Ecclesiastical = RELIGion ’ ECONomics * same ELectricity ■ ELECTRicity EMBRoidery ENGINeering = TECHnology ENGRaving ENTOMology = ZOOlogy [ENTomology...ETHNology « sociology EXCHange, stock « ECONoraics FENCing FORestry = AGRiculture, GARTENBAU FORTification = MILitary, ARCHitecture = [GAME

Rytina s vyobrazením podmokelského pokladu v publikaci M. A. Voigta a kritický rozbor její výpovědní hodnoty pro keltskou numismatiku

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Militký, Jiří

2013-01-01

Roč. 68, 3-4 (2013), s. 138-147 ISSN 0029-6074 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP405/10/1588 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80020508 Keywords : Celtic coins * hoard * copper engraving * specialized illustration * Podmokly Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

System for the chemical professing and evaluation gives the residual thickness the gives detecting for gives appearances LR115 type 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carrazana Gonzalez, J.A.; Tomas Zerquera, J.; Prendes Alonso, M.

1998-01-01

In this work the system is described built in the CPHR for the homogeneous chemical processing gives detecting gives nuclear appearances. A new developed method is exposed, based on the application gives the technique optical densitometry, for the precise estimate gives the residual thickness, gives detecting, gives nuclear appearances LR115 type 2 after the process gives chemical engraving

Bruxas e índias filhas de Saturno: arte, bruxaria e canibalismo Witches and indian women, daughters of Saturn: arts, witchcraft and cannibalism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yobenj Aucardo Chicangana-Bayona

2009-08-01

Full Text Available O artigo indaga pela representação da mulher nas pinturas e gravuras sobre a bruxaria dos séculos XVI e XVII, procurando estabelecer uma tipologia iconográfica e percorrendo a construção de estigmas negativos imputados no corpo feminino e na sua degradação natural. O texto, apoiado em fontes visuais como pinturas e gravuras, principalmente da Renascença alemã, demonstra como as índias do Novo Mundo foram associadas com as bruxas da Europa e com o deus clássico Saturno, através do mito do canibalismo.The article inquires into the representation of women in the paintings and engravings about witchcraft in the XVI-XVII centuries, trying to establish an iconographic typology and covering the construction of negative stigmas attributed to the feminine body and its natural degradation. Through the support of visual sources such as paintings and engravings, mainly from the German Renaissance, the text demonstrates how the Indian women of the New World were associated to the witches of Europe and with the classic god Saturn, through the myth of cannibalism.

Variation in enantiospecific attraction of Ips avulsus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to the pheromone ipsdienol in Georgia.

Science.gov (United States)

Daniel Miller; Jeremy Allison

2011-01-01

In 2006, we tested the responses of the small southern pine engraver, Ips avulsus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to multiple-funnel traps baited with (+)-, (-)-, and (+/-)- ipsdienol. Three experiments were conducted in Georgia with all traps co-baited with one of the following lure combinations, respectively: experiment 1, ipsenol; experiment 2, lanierone and...

47 CFR 74.735 - Power limitations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... plane pattern (horizontal polarization only) of the proposed directional antenna. A value of 1.0 should... corresponding azimuths, should be submitted. (4) All horizontal plane patterns must be plotted to the largest scale possible on unglazed letter-size polar coordinate paper (main engraving approximately 18 cm × 25...

Two Public Inscriptions from the Greek Colony of Tanais at the Mouth of the Don River on the Sea of Azov

OpenAIRE

Škegro, Ante

2005-01-01

More than ten male personal names are engraved on two marble tablets, which were in the time of their inception placed in the city square of the Hellenic settlement of Tanais. Among the names are those of three men: Horouathos, Horoathos, and Horoathos, which convincingly recall the Croatian national name.

A chapter of early medical africana | Norwich | South African Medical ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Reference is also made to an interestino original medical volume to which Ten Rhyne contributed the use of acupuncture and scarification for the treatment of podagra (gout). A description of the physical methods used by the Hottentots of that period is illustrated from original engravings contained in the famous Kolbe ...

31 CFR 601.2 - Description of paper.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Description of paper. 601.2 Section... ENGRAVING AND PRINTING, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY DISTINCTIVE PAPER FOR UNITED STATES CURRENCY AND OTHER SECURITIES § 601.2 Description of paper. The paper utilized in the printing of United States currency and...

A study of moult-site fidelity in Egyptian geese, Alopochen ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Little is known about moult and moult-site fidelity of African waterfowl. Satellite telemetry and uniquely engraved colour-rings were used to study moult-site fidelity of Egyptian geese marked at two sites in South Africa – Barberspan in the summer-rainfall region and Strandfontein in the winter-rainfall region. Twelve Egyptian ...

Performative and Multimedia Aspects of Late-Renaissance Meditative Alchemy: The Case of Michael Maier’s Atalanta Fugiens (1617.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johann F. W. Hasler.

2011-01-01

Full Text Available In 1617 the alchemist, counselor and court physician to the then recently deceased Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II (1552-1612 published his Atalanta Fugiens (Atalanta feeing. The book fits into the general category of an ‘alchemical emblem book’, very popular in the day: it contains 50 beautiful engravings to which are assigned poetic sextets in both Latin and German. The main difference with all known similar works is that it includes a three-part canon with each engraving. According to the author, the purpose is for all of this input “to be looked at, read, meditated, understood, weighed, sung and listened to, not without a certain pleasure” (Maier 1990, 91. In this sense, this book might be interpreted as a very early example of multimedia, and as a work which requires a performative attitude and activity (in the form of singing and not merely to be read, for its original purpose to be fully accomplished. In this brief article I will describe the work, and present arguments to support my belief that it would be reasonable to conclude that it is an early form of multimedia.

78 FR 31713 - Office of the Chief of Protocol; Gifts to Federal Employees from Foreign Government Sources...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-24

...'' x 23'' dark brown wicker basket with white and red-colored bow tied to handle. Three scented Persian...'' silver His Majesty the King Non-acceptance would President of the United States. plate engraved with Juan... presentation box. King and Queen of Government. Rec'd--2/17/2010. Est. Spain. Value--$660.00. Disposition...

32 CFR 507.11 - Reproduction of designs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Reproduction of designs. 507.11 Section 507.11... Reproduction of designs. (a) The photographing, printing, or, in any manner making or executing any engraving... Force is authorized provided that such reproduction does not bring discredit upon the military service...

27 CFR 6.92 - Newspaper cuts.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS âTIED-HOUSEâ Exceptions § 6.92 Newspaper cuts. Newspaper cuts, mats, or engraved blocks for use in retailers' advertisements may be given or sold by an industry member to a retailer selling the industry member's products. [T.D. ATF-364, 60 FR 20423, Apr. 26, 1995] ...

Complete Fabrication of a Traversable 3 µm Thick NbN Film Superconducting Coil with Cu plated layer of 42m in Length in a Spiral Three-Storied Trench Engraved in a Si Wafer of 76.2 mm in Diameter Formed by MEMS Technology for a Compact SMES with High Energy Storage Volume Density

Science.gov (United States)

Suzuki, Yasuhiro; Iguchi, Nobuhiro; Adachi, Kazuhiro; Ichiki, Akihisa; Hioki, Tatsumi; Hsu, Che-Wei; Sato, Ryoto; Kumagai, Shinya; Sasaki, Minoru; Noh, Joo-Hyong; Sakurahara, Yuuske; Okabe, Kyohei; Takai, Osamu; Honma, Hideo; Watanabe, Hideo; Sakoda, Hitoshi; Sasagawa, Hiroaki; Doy, Hideyuki; Zhou, Shuliang; Hori, H.; Nishikawa, Shigeaki; Nozaki, Toshihiro; Sugimoto, Noriaki; Motohiro, Tomoyoshi

2017-09-01

Based on the concept of a novel approach to make a compact SMES unit composed of a stack of Si wafers using MEMS process proposed previously, a complete fabrication of a traversable 3 µam thick NbN film superconducting coil lined with Cu plated layer of 42m in length in a spiral three-storied trench engraved in and extended over a whole Si-wafer of 76.2 mm in diameter was attained for the first time. With decrease in temperature, the DC resistivity showed a metallic decrease indicating the current pass was in the Cu plated layer and then made a sudden fall to residual contact resistance indicating the shift of current pass from the Cu plated layer to the NbN film at the critical temperature Tc of 15.5K by superconducting transition. The temperature dependence of I-V curve showed the increase in the critical current with decrease in the temperature and the highest critical current measured was 220 mA at 4K which is five times as large as that obtained in the test fabrication as the experimental proof of concept presented in the previous report. This completion of a one wafer superconducting NbN coil is an indispensable step for the next proof of concept of fabrication of series-connected two wafer coils via superconductive joint which will read to series connected 600 wafer coils finally, and for replacement of NbN by high Tc superconductor such as YBa2Cu3O7-x for operation under the cold energy of liquid hydrogen or liquid nitrogen.

A Novel Marking Reader for Progressive Addition Lenses Based on Gabor Holography.

Science.gov (United States)

Perucho, Beatriz; Picazo-Bueno, José Angel; Micó, Vicente

2016-05-01

Progressive addition lenses (PALs) are marked with permanent engraved marks (PEMs) at standardized locations. Permanent engraved marks are very useful through the manufacturing and mounting processes, act as locator marks to re-ink the removable marks, and contain useful information about the PAL. However, PEMs are often faint and weak, obscured by scratches, partially occluded, and difficult to recognize on tinted lenses or with antireflection or scratch-resistant coatings. The aim of this article is to present a new generation of portable marking reader based on an extremely simplified concept for visualization and identification of PEMs in PALs. Permanent engraved marks on different PALs are visualized using classical Gabor holography as underlying principle. Gabor holography allows phase sample visualization with adjustable magnification and can be implemented in either classical or digital versions. Here, visual Gabor holography is used to provide a magnified defocused image of the PEMs onto a translucent visualization screen where the PEM is clearly identified. Different types of PALs (conventional, personalized, old and scratched, sunglasses, etc.) have been tested to visualize PEMs with the proposed marking reader. The PEMs are visible in every case, and variable magnification factor can be achieved simply moving up and down the PAL in the instrument. In addition, a second illumination wavelength is also tested, showing the applicability of this novel marking reader for different illuminations. A new concept of marking reader ophthalmic instrument has been presented and validated in the laboratory. The configuration involves only a commercial-grade laser diode and a visualization screen for PEM identification. The instrument is portable, economic, and easy to use, and it can be used for identifying patient's current PAL model and for marking removable PALs again or finding test points regardless of the age of the PAL, its scratches, tints, or coatings.

Evaluation of general-use insecticides for preventing host colonization by New Jersey southern pine beetles.

Science.gov (United States)

Brian Strom; W.K. Oldland; J.R. Meeker; J. Dunn

2015-01-01

Four general-use insecticides (Astro, Onyx, Dominion Tree & Shrub, and Xytect 2F) were evaluated for their effectiveness at preventing attacks by the southern pine beetle (SPB) (Dendroctonus frontalis) and the small southern pine engraver (Ips avulsus) using a previously developed small-bolt method. Evaluations were conducted between 58 and 126 days post treatment...

Dating Techniques

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

However, this can not be always true as there are other factors like nature of pigments, depth of engravings, hardness of the rock, factors of bioturbation, mineral staining, degree of exposure etc. that should be considered. Even different parts of the same drawing are weathered differently depending on the above factors, ...

A Pedagogy of Sight: Microscopic Vision in Robert Hooke's "Micrographia"

Science.gov (United States)

Jack, Jordynn

2009-01-01

Robert Hooke's "Micrographia" (1665) holds an important place in the history of scientific visual rhetoric. Hooke's accomplishment lies not only in a stunning array of engravings, but also in a "pedagogy of sight"--a rhetorical framework that instructs readers how to view images in accordance with an ideological or epistemic program. Hooke not…

Optical security features for plastic card documents

Science.gov (United States)

Hossick Schott, Joachim

1998-04-01

Print-on-demand is currently a major trend in the production of paper based documents. This fully digital production philosophy will likely have ramifications also for the secure identification document market. Here, plastic cards increasingly replace traditionally paper based security sensitive documents such as drivers licenses and passports. The information content of plastic cards can be made highly secure by using chip cards. However, printed and other optical security features will continue to play an important role, both for machine readable and visual inspection. Therefore, on-demand high resolution print technologies, laser engraving, luminescent pigments and laminated features such as holograms, kinegrams or phase gratings will have to be considered for the production of secure identification documents. Very important are also basic optical, surface and material durability properties of the laminates as well as the strength and nature of the adhesion between the layers. This presentation will address some of the specific problems encountered when optical security features such as high resolution printing and laser engraving are to be integrated in the on-demand production of secure plastic card identification documents.

Leak detection device on flange surface

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hanai, Koi.

1988-01-01

Purpose: To improve the response to fine leakage thereby enabling to leakage detection at high sensitivity, by detecting the humidity by the use of an inert dry gas. Constitution: Annular grooves are coaxially engraved to a flange and an annular water channel groove is also engraved between each of the annular grooves. Dry nitrogen flown out is blown along the circumferential direction of the water channel grooves, turned there around and then released from the end of the pipeway. If there is any water leakage, the dry nitrogen absorbs leaked water to be wettened and then reach a humidity sensor. The sensor detects the humidity in the nitrogen and delivers an output into a signal processing circuit. The processing circuit judges the absence or presence of the leakage in accordance with the detected humidity to generate an alarm signal. The time required for the blown out dry nitrogen, which turn around the water channel groove and enter the sensor, is about several minutes and the device shows excellent response even for minute leakage. (Yoshino, Y.)

Drawings of fossils by Robert Hooke and Richard Waller

Science.gov (United States)

Kusukawa, Sachiko

2013-01-01

The drawings of fossils by Robert Hooke and Richard Waller that were the basis of the engravings in Hooke's Posthumous works (1705) are published here for the first time. The drawings show that both Hooke and Waller were proficient draftsmen with a keen eye for the details of petrified objects. These drawings provided Hooke with a polemic edge in making the case for the organic origins of ‘figured stones’.

Arte rupestre paleolítico y postpaleolítico al aire libre en los Montes de Toledo occidentales (Toledo, Castilla - La Mancha, España: noticia preliminar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesús F. JORDÁ PARDO

2009-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: Se dan a conocer en este trabajo los grabados y pinturas rupestres localizados recientemente en el extremo occidental de los Montes de Toledo (comarca toledana de La Jara en la vertiente meridional de la Cuenca del Tajo. Una primera zona, situada en el valle del río Huso, se desarrolla al aire libre sobre afloramientos de pizarras y en ella se localizan al menos dos conjuntos rupestres: uno caracterizado por grabados de trazo fino atribuidos al Paleolítico Superior y otro realizado mediante diversas técnicas de grabado con una cronología muy amplia desde la Prehistoria reciente hasta épocas históricas. La segunda zona corresponde al valle del río Gévalo y por el momento corresponde a un único gran abrigo desarrollado en cuarcitas en cuyas paredes aparecen pinturas rojas atribuibles a la Prehistoria reciente sobre las que se superponen grabados de trazo fino y repiqueteado con elementos claramente prehistóricos y otros con un marcado carácter histórico.ABSTRACT: This paper deals with rock art findings recently located on the Western edge of Toledo Mountains at the Southern slope of Tagus Basin. The first finding área, placed in the valley of the Huso River, is an open air rock art site on shale outcrop where two main groups of patterns may be seen: fine - line engravings from Upper Palaeolithic times as well as several motifs using various engraving techniques rahging a wider time span from later prehistoric ages to historical times. The second área lies in the valley of the Gévalo River and is a large quartzite rock shelter containing on his walls red paintings dated on Postpalaeolithic times that placed under engravings made using fine-line and beating techbiques both from prehistórica! and historical ages.

MAPS OF ROMAN DACIA. I. THE MAP OF PETRUS KAERIUS (1571-1646

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florin Fodorean

2014-04-01

Full Text Available In the following, we would like to present and describe a very interesting map, engraved in the XVIIth or at the end of the XVIth century by a famous Dutch cartographer, engraver, and publisher: Pieter van der Keere (Petrus Kaerius. Born in Ghent in 1571, Van der Keere (1571-1646 developed his business in Amsterdam at the end of the XVIth century. The map described in our article is entitled Vetus Descriptio Daciarum nec non Moesiarum. The document is important for the history of cartography because it enable us to identify and comment upon the level of knowledge of Van der Keere about a region not so familiar to him. In fact, the map reflects a medieval version of the map of Ptolemy. This period is connected to the rediscovery of Ptolemy. Besides data from the famous work of the geographer born in Alexandria, Van der Keere included some interesting notations and details which reflect the middle Ages conceptions or geographical features invented in this period.

Octopus-like suction cups: from natural to artificial solutions.

Science.gov (United States)

Tramacere, F; Follador, M; Pugno, N M; Mazzolai, B

2015-05-13

Octopus suckers are able to attach to all nonporous surfaces and generate a very strong attachment force. The well-known attachment features of this animal result from the softness of the sucker tissues and the surface morphology of the portion of the sucker that is in contact with objects or substrates. Unlike artificial suction cups, octopus suckers are characterized by a series of radial grooves that increase the area subjected to pressure reduction during attachment. In this study, we constructed artificial suction cups with different surface geometries and tested their attachment performances using a pull-off setup. First, smooth suction cups were obtained for casting; then, sucker surfaces were engraved with a laser cutter. As expected, for all the tested cases, the engraving treatment enhanced the attachment performance of the elastomeric suction cups compared with that of the smooth versions. Moreover, the results indicated that the surface geometry with the best attachment performance was the geometry most similar to octopus sucker morphology. The results obtained in this work can be utilized to design artificial suction cups with higher wet attachment performance.

The Faces of Saturn: Images and Texts from Augustus through Dürer to Galileo

Science.gov (United States)

Shank, M. H.

2013-04-01

This paper follows the thread(s) of Saturn in astrology and art from the Babylonians to Galileo, paying special attention to the planet's political importance from Augustus to the Medici and to its medical/psychological significance from Ficino through Dürer. In passing, I extend David Pingree's astrological interpretation of Dürer's Melencholia I and propose a very personal rationale for the engraving, namely as a memorial to his mother.

Finite element analysis of a finite-strain plasticity problem

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Crose, J.G.; Fong, H.H.

1984-01-01

A finite-strain plasticity analysis was performed of an engraving process in a plastic rotating band during the firing of a gun projectile. The aim was to verify a nonlinear feature of the NIFDI/RB code: plastic large deformation analysis of nearly incompressible materials using a deformation theory of plasticity approach and a total Lagrangian scheme. (orig.)

Goethe in the Hall and His Journeys in Printed Rome

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Victor Plahte Tschudi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The article focuses on graphic reproductions in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s 'Italian Journey'. This travel account gives a clear sense of how important prints were as part of Goethe’s education and preparation for the encounter with classical Roman monuments. As the text itself was edited and rewritten thirty to forty years after the journey itself, however, prints also became crucial in the attempt to remember that journey. In other words, the author of the 'Journey', in contrast to the youthful traveler, no longer sees engravings of Rome, but Rome through engravings. The discussion takes as a point of departure Goethe’s vast collection of prints, still kept in Weimar. Measured up against the references in the travel journal, prints not only reflected his impression of monuments, but also structured those impressions, as the elderly man looks back and reassembles his memories to make an official account of his life. However, it is too easy to ascribe this reliance on prints to a fading memory — on the contrary. As he grows into old age, Goethe’s idea of graphic reproduction evolves in parallel with his increasingly refined theories of nature. His growing preference for prints depicted as ruins reflects the aging author’s own sense of change and transformation.

The Louvain printers and the establishment of the Cartesian curriculum

OpenAIRE

Geert Vanpaemel

2012-01-01

With regard to the public circulation of knowledge, universities are often regarded as privileged institutions where information and ideas are formally transmitted through regulated didactic experiences. University life, however, provided a more complex environment in which various parallel and perhaps contradictory processes of transmission were at work. In this paper, we analyse a set of 55 engravings with scientific images, which started to appear around 1670 in student notebooks at the Un...

1-Octen-3-ol is repellent to Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the midwestern United States

Science.gov (United States)

Therese M. Poland; Tina M. Pureswaran Deepa S. Ciaramitaro; John H. Borden

2009-01-01

In field experiments at three sites in Michigan and Ohio we tested the activity of 1-octen-3-ol in combination with ipsdienol, the aggregation pheromone of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say). When 1-octen-3-ol was added to funnel traps baited with ipsdienol, significantly fewer beetles of either sex were captured than in traps baited with ipsdienol...

Diffractive elements for generating microscale laser beam patterns: a Y2K problem

Science.gov (United States)

Teiwes, Stephan; Krueger, Sven; Wernicke, Guenther K.; Ferstl, Margit

2000-03-01

Lasers are widely used in industrial fabrication for engraving, cutting and many other purposes. However, material processing at very small scales is still a matter of concern. Advances in diffractive optics could provide for laser systems that could be used for engraving or cutting of micro-scale patterns at high speeds. In our paper we focus on the design of diffractive elements which can be used for this special application. It is a common desire in material processing to apply 'discrete' as well as 'continuous' beam patterns. Especially, the latter case is difficult to handle as typical micro-scale patterns are characterized by bad band-limitation properties, and as speckles can easily occur in beam patterns. It is shown in this paper that a standard iterative design method usually fails to obtain diffractive elements that generate diffraction patterns with acceptable quality. Insights gained from an analysis of the design problems are used to optimize the iterative design method. We demonstrate applicability and success of our approach by the design of diffractive phase elements that generate a discrete and a continuous 'Y2K' pattern.

Přírodní drahé kameny a jejich využití ve šperkařství, architektuře a umění

OpenAIRE

Jirásek, Jakub; Vavro, Martin; Jiránek, Jaroslav

2009-01-01

This paper defines and specifies the groups of natural gemstones. It deals with gemstone classification with emphasis on the chemical mineralogical system of crystals. Gemstone processing is discussed – tumble polishing, facet and flat-surface grinding and polishing, engraving and cutting, plastic grinding, and others. Some examples of natural gemstones used in architecture and art are given. Problems of natural gemstone appraisal are briefly mentioned.

Le grand séisme de Huaxian (1556) : quelques documents chinois

Science.gov (United States)

Poirier, Jean-Paul

2017-03-01

The strong earthquake that struck Shaanxi, Shanxi and several other Chinese provinces in 1556 is generally considered as the deadliest of all earthquakes. It is said that the Chinese annals reported 830,000 casualties. We give here a translation into French of the relevant passage of the annals, as well as of a testimony of a survivor Qin Keda, and of a text engraved on a stela.

Cannon Wear and Erosion Science and Technology Objective Program (STO) 155-mm Projectile Rotating Band/Obturation for Extended Range

Science.gov (United States)

2015-06-01

refractory metal coatings such as chrome plating have slowed the erosion at the origin but have not prevented down bore wear. Down bore wear is due...in the current projectile inventory: the M107, M864/M549A1, and the M483A1 types (fig. 1). The band material is either copper or a copper/ zinc alloy... ductility and sufficient tensile (shear) strength in order to engrave and survive 300 in. of tube travel. In the materials, these properties are

L’étude microtopographique et la visualisation 3D dans l’analyse de gravures préhistoriques – L’exemple des pierres gravées de La Marche

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolas Mélard

2012-04-01

Full Text Available L’étude de pierres gravées préhistoriques pose depuis longtemps des problèmes de déchiffrement des motifs et de décodage des traces. La recherche archéologique se sert de plus en plus de moyens d’investigation empruntés des sciences naturelles tels la microscopie et plus récemment le relevé et la visualisation 3D. L’application de la microtopographie a permis d’appréhender de manière plus complète les pierres gravées de La Marche en ajoutant des éléments de compréhension en termes de composition et de construction des motifs (chronologie et morphologie des traits ainsi qu’en termes de technologie (gestes et démarches des graveurs préhistoriques. De plus, il a été possible d’obtenir des informations sur l’histoire des supports avant et après la gravure (choix des matières premières, caractérisation des usures,….The main difficulty in studying the engraved stones of the upper Paléolthic period is the decipherment and the understanding of the various overlapping traces on the surfaces. Scientific research in paleolithic art is trying since more than 20 years to use modern laboritory devises and techniques like the Scanning Electron Microscope and more recently the 3D scanning. For the engraved stones of the site of La Marche have been studied by 3D microtopography as a complementary technique. This non destructif protocole made a new approach of engraving technology and motif composition possible (chronology of the lines, traces morphology etc.. This leads to better understanging of the techniques and gestures used by prehistoric artists. Moreover studies of this type can give more informations obout the function and the history of the stones in a prehistoric rockshelter and by this way the role of theses stones in the life of the magdaleanian hunter-gatherer communities.

Kim C. Sturgess. Shakespeare and the American Nation.

OpenAIRE

Claret, Jean‑Louis

2006-01-01

The front page of Kim C Sturgess’s recent book entitled Shakespeare and the American Nation is particularly mind‑teasing insofar as it represents the famous Droeshout engraving of the bard (it illustrated the front‑page of the 1623 edition of Shakespeare’s works) standing out against a background that superimposes the head of the Statue of Liberty on the spangled banner. The starting point of Sturgess’s 234‑page demonstration endorsed by Cambridge University Press is a paradox that the Britis...

Adoration of Virgin Mary Attended by Two St. Johns in Wawel Cathedral Collection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magdalena Piwocka

2004-12-01

Full Text Available There is a canvas (98,5 x 222,5cm in the Wawel Cathedral that is not connected with any existing or historically documented altars inside the church (il. 1-3. Owing to its shape it has so far been considered to have been a predella, which - taking into account its size and proportions - seems rather unlikely. It may have been the top of the middle part of a retable, possibly in an altar dedicated to the two St. Johns. The painting presents the Virgin Mary with the Child seated under a canopy, attended by the two Saints, adored by kneeling angels with censers in their hands. A graphic model of the scene has been found; it is an engraving by Jan Sadeler (1550-1600 based on a design by Hans von Aachen (1552-1615, released in Munich in 1589 (il. 4. In Albertina, in Vienna, a working copy of the graphic made by Hans von Aachen has been preserved (il. 5 as well as a composition sketch by the same artist at the Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum in Braunschweig. An inscription on the drawing from 1589 reads: POENA ET PROEMIVM; there are also quotations from psalms and a dedication to Phillip Wilhelm (1576-1598, bishop of Regenzburg in 1589, later cardinal (1596, son of a Bavarian ruler Wilhelm V Wittelsbach (1548-1626. The young hierarch got it in the year of his consecration as a bishop. A pendant to it is the plate by Jan Sadeler of 1590, after Peter Candid (1548-1628, which was dedicated to Phillip Wilhelm’s younger brother - Ferdinand (1577-1650, later bishop of Cologne. The engraving also shows St. Mary with the Child in the company of St. Stephen and St. Laurence. Both works coincide with the artistic activity of Jan Sadeler and Hans von Achen in Munich, where they were summoned by Wilhelm V, and represent strictly planned art created for his court. Another painted version of Sadeler’s engraving was found in a Polish private collection. This is a small, good painting on panel, faithfully reproducing physiognomy and inscriptions known from the

INDUSTRIES IN NIGERIA.

African Journals Online (AJOL)

r 224 - m ' 241.3 4.0 excessive. Table Ba: COD distribution within industry A. Elllucnt source Monthly range Monthly average Rating. (Wm) (Wm). Wax Recovery 29.6 T5£“"“”'” 27.9 “ MW§I»;1Z§§.? A. Engraving 0 - -354 308.5 polluting,. Treatment plant 'T2 - lit) 97.3 rxtrxlerrite. Gcncrnl outlet 83 ~ 33¢? 106 polluting.

World-Maps for Finding the Direction and Distance to Mecca. Innovation and Tradition in Islamic Science. Series: Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science, Text and Studies 36, Leiden (Brill) / London (Furqan Foundation), 1999. (Awarded the world prize for

OpenAIRE

Dalen, Benno van

2010-01-01

This beautifully executed book with numerous colour photographs deals with two fascinating metal instruments that surfaced in 1989 and 1995 (a third copy was identified too late to be included in the study). Both consist of a world-map centered around Mecca with a rule that enables one to read off the qibla (sacred direction for Muslim prayer) of more than one hundred localities engraved on the map as well as their distance from Mecca. The metalwork is clearly Safavid and can be dated to appr...

Testing of new banknotes for machines that process currency

Science.gov (United States)

Foster, Eugenie E.

2000-04-01

Banknotes are now frequently use din machines. The Federal Reserve Board and the US Department of the Treasury have identified a need to produce notes that are reliably accepted in a variety of machine applications. This paper describes the steps that led to identifying requirements of manufacturers of machines that process banknotes for test notes, and the program developed for the Bureau of Engraving and Printing to address those requirements.

A Matrix Based Integrated Framework for Multi Disciplinary Exploration of Cyber-International Relations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-01

cinematography ; f) Works of drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, engraving, and lithography; g) Photographic works to which are assimilated works...expressed by a process analogous to photography; h) Works of applied art ; i) Illustrations, maps, plans, sketches and three-dimensional works relative...in the body of existing knowledge (called "prior art ") in its technical field; b) It must be non-obvious or involve an inventive step, that is, it

Kim C. Sturgess. Shakespeare and the American Nation.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean‑Louis Claret

2006-04-01

Full Text Available The front page of Kim C Sturgess’s recent book entitled Shakespeare and the American Nation is particularly mind‑teasing insofar as it represents the famous Droeshout engraving of the bard (it illustrated the front‑page of the 1623 edition of Shakespeare’s works standing out against a background that superimposes the head of the Statue of Liberty on the spangled banner. The starting point of Sturgess’s 234‑page demonstration endorsed by Cambridge University Press is a paradox that the Britis...

“Architecture according to proportions and rules of the Antique.”

OpenAIRE

Ottenheym, Konrad

2017-01-01

In 1648 the Amsterdam architect Philips Vingboons (1607–1678) published his first book with engravings of his own designs from the past decade. In the introduction he wrote a brief history of architecture, from its biblical and antique origins up to his own time, including finally his own work. He informs us that in Holland “only recently had the love for true architecture according to the principles and rules of the Antique revived” (naest weynige jaren herwaerts [heeft] de liefde tot de Bou...

Mercier de Compiègne and the question of fashion

OpenAIRE

Béchir Kahia

2015-01-01

The fashion in Paris at the XVIIIth century knows deep changes. The clothing offer is illustrated by a fashion periodic press which is renews its proposals thanks to attractive engravings. Especially an iconic figure emerges from this Age of Lumières: the fashion trader and his most famous representing, Miss Rose Bertin, “minister of fashion” of the queen of France, Marie-Antoinette. The women were as funny birds which change plumage two or three times a day. The women passion for fashion cau...

[Diprosopus triophthalmus. From ancient terracotta sculptures to spiral computer tomographic reconstruction].

Science.gov (United States)

Sokiranski, R; Pirsig, W; Nerlich, A

2005-03-01

A still-born male fetus from the 19th century, fixed in formalin and presenting as diprosopia triophthalmica, was analysed by helical computer tomography and virtually reconstructed without damage. This rare, incomplete, symmetrical duplication of the face on a single head with three eyes, two noses and two mouths develops in the first 3 weeks of gestation and is a subset of the category of conjoined twins with unknown underlying etiology. Spiral computer tomography of fixed tissue demonstrated in the more than 100 year old specimen that virtual reconstruction can be performed in nearly the same way as in patients (contrast medium application not possible). The radiological reconstruction of the Munich fetus, here confined to head and neck data, is the basis for comparison with a number of imaging procedures of the last 3000 years. Starting with some Neolithic Mesoamerican ceramics, the "Pretty Ladies of Tlatilco", diprosopia triophthalmica was also depicted on engravings of the 16th and 17th century A.D. by artists as well as by the anatomist Soemmering and his engraver Berndt in the 18th century. Our modern spiral computer tomography confirms the ability of our ancestors to depict diprosopia triophthalmica in paintings and sculptures with a high level of natural precision.

Tailoring the electrode-electrolyte interface of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) by laser micro-patterning to improve their electrochemical performance

Science.gov (United States)

Cebollero, J. A.; Lahoz, R.; Laguna-Bercero, M. A.; Larrea, A.

2017-08-01

Cathode activation polarisation is one of the main contributions to the losses of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. To reduce this loss we use a pulsed laser to modify the surface of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes to make a corrugated micro-patterning in the mesoscale. The beam of the laser source, 5 ns pulse width and emitting at λ = 532 nm (green region), is computer-controlled to engrave the selected micro-pattern on the electrolyte surface. Several laser scanning procedures and geometries have been tested. Finally, we engrave a square array with 28 μm of lattice parameter and 7 μm in depth on YSZ plates. With these plates we prepare LSM-YSZ/YSZ/LSM-YSZ symmetrical cells (LSM: La1-xSrxMnO3) and determine their activation polarisation by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). To get good electrode-electrolyte contact after sintering it is necessary to use pressure-assisted sintering with low loads (about 5 kPa), which do not modify the electrode microstructure. The decrease in polarisation with respect to an unprocessed cell is about 30%. EIS analysis confirms that the reason for this decrease is an improvement in the activation processes at the electrode-electrolyte interface.

31 CFR 605.1 - Conduct on Bureau of Engraving and Printing property.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... influence of intoxicating beverages, narcotics, hallucinogenic or dangerous drugs, or marijuana, or the consumption of such beverages or the use of such drugs or marijuana in or on the property is prohibited... such directives shall have the same force and effect as if made a part hereof. (m) Weapons and...

A graphite oxide (GO)-based remote readable tamper evident seal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cattaneo, A; Marchi, A N; Farrar, C R; Mascareñas, D D L; Bossert, J A; Gupta, G; Mohite, A; Dumont, J H; Purdy, G M; Guzman, C; Haaker, A; Miller, K A

2015-01-01

This paper presents a prototype of a remotely readable graphite oxide (GO) paper-based tamper evident seal. The proposed device combines the tunable electrical properties offered by reduced graphite oxide (RGO) with a compressive sampling scheme. The benefit of using RGO as a tamper evident seal material is the sensitivity of its electrical properties to the common mechanisms adopted to defeat tamper-evident seals. RGO’s electrical properties vary upon local stress or cracks induced by mechanical action (e.g., produced by shimming or lifting attacks). Further, modification of the seal’s electrical properties can result from the incidence of other defeat mechanisms, such as temperature changes, solvent treatment and steam application. The electrical tunability of RGO enables the engraving of a circuit on the area of the tamper evident seal intended to be exposed to malicious attacks. The operation of the tamper evident seal, as well as its remote communication functionality, is supervised by a microcontroller unit (MCU). The MCU uses the RGO-engraved circuitry to physically implement a compressive sampling acquisition procedure. The compressive sampling scheme provides the seal with self-authentication and self-state-of-health awareness capabilities. The prototype shows potential for use in low-power, embedded, remote-operation non-proliferation security related applications. (paper)

Cultural diffusion into Japan interpreted on the decorated tombs on the world heritage

OpenAIRE

Kobori, Noboru

2015-01-01

Approximately 800 decorated tombs (sōshoku kofun) with paintings and engravings have been identified in Japan, mainly in northern Kyushu. Similar structures have been observed around the world, such as the tombs of Egyptian Pyramid and the Etruscan necropolises. This study examined the historical diffusion of these structures and related motif patterns within a geographical context, with a particular focus on decorated tombs that have been registered as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

In articulo mortis : le portrait photographie post-mortem et le début de la presse illustré à l'Argentine, 1898-1913

OpenAIRE

Guerra , Diego Fernando

2016-01-01

The subject of this thesis is the postmortem photographic portrait in Buenos Aires and, especially, its development in the context of the insertion of the photography in the early twentieth century massmedia. In this sense, the main objective of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the relationship between death and visual representation in the beginning of the mass culture. The analysis of a heterogeneous corpus - the photographs, paintings, photo-engravings, cartoons, journalistic...

An altar to the dracones in Saguntum (Valencia | Un ara dedicada a los dracones hallada en Saguntum (Valencia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Aranegui Gascó

2014-12-01

Full Text Available We present the first votive dedication to the dragons in the Hispanic Latin epigraphy, engraved on a small Roman altar found in Saguntum, and give some interpretations. | Presentación de la primera dedicación votiva a los dragones de la epigrafía latina hispánica inscrita sobre una pequeña ara romana de Saguntum e hipótesis de interpretación de la misma.

29 CFR 779.368 - Printing and engraving establishments not recognized as retail.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... establishments these workers spend relatively little time in the work of the printing department. As an... employees in such combined establishments whose work relates to the stationery portion of the business but... amount of his time (20 percent or less) is allocable to the clerical, messenger, or custodial work of the...

Four steps in the history of museum technologies and visitors' digital participation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Jørgen Riber

2011-01-01

technologies used today in three different museums and galleries: the Bode Museum in Berlin, the Victoria and Albert Museum and Dr. Johnson's House in London. The historical verification and documentation in this article describe four steps in the development of exhibition technologies: the Boydell Shakespeare...... participation of visitors and audience. Here the argumentation is based on how the displayed object creates signification in its position between its autonomy and its contexts. The following display technologies are described and analysed: stipple engraving, photography, the audio guide, and the interactive...

ß-Phellandrene: Kairomone for Pine Engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Science.gov (United States)

Daniel R. Miller; John H. Borden

1990-01-01

The responses of Ips pini (Scolytidae) to multiple-funnel traps baited with the pheromone, ipsdienol, and various monoterpenes were determined in stands of lodgepole pine in southern and central British Columbia. Ips pini was attracted to both ipsdienol and ß-phellandrene, demonstrating that ß-phellandrene is a kairomone for this...

Binding behavior of CRP and anti-CRP antibody analyzed with SPR and AFM measurement

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Soo-Keun; Kim, Hyun-Chul; Cho, Sang-Joon; Jeong, Sang Won; Jeon, Won Bae

2008-01-01

Atomic force microscope (AFM) was exploited to take picture of the molecular topology of C-reactive protein (CRP) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. An explicit molecular image of CRP demonstrated a pentagonal structure composed of five subunits. Dimensions of the doughnut-shaped CRP molecule measured by AFM were about 25 nm in outside diameter and 10 nm in central pore diameter, and the height of CRP molecule was about 4 nm which was comparable to the value determined by X-ray crystallography. Bis(N-succinimido)-11,11'-dithiobis (undecyl succinate) (DSNHS) was synthesized for use as a linker for immobilizing anti-CRP antibody (anti-CRP) onto the gold surface of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip. DSNHS formed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on the gold surface. By use of an AFM tip, a pattern of ditch was engraved within the SAM of DSNHS, and anti-CRP was immobilized on the engraved SAM through replacement of N-hydroxysuccinimide group on the outside surface of DSNHS by the amine group of anti-CRP. Formation of CRP/anti-CRP complex on the gold surface of SPR sensor chip was clearly demonstrated by measuring SPR angle shift. A consecutive series of SAM, SAM/anti-CRP, and SAM/anti-CRP/CRP complexes was generated on a SPR sensor chip, and the changes in depth of the ditch were monitored by taking AFM images of the complexes. Comparative analysis of the depth differences indicates that binding of CRP to anti-CRP occurs in a planar mode

Relaciones del grabado con la cerámica. Obra Artística para las personas invidentes y deficientes visuales.

OpenAIRE

MARTÍNEZ SALES, LLEDÓ

2016-01-01

[EN] This thesis developed the investigation about the possibilities of texture and form of the relief and collagraph engraving as an artistic production technique which is directed to blind or visually deficient individuals. These techniques have ceramics not only as a foundation but also as means of expression for this public. New artistic solutions are being looked for; the diverse alternatives allow the direct contact between the blind and the work itself through the touch, haptic percept...

ESTUDIO SOBRE DIFERENTES TIPOS DE PLANCHAS EN RELIEVE PARA LA REALIZACIÓN DE UNA SERIE. OBRAS SOBRE LA FIESTA DEL "CORPUS CHRISTI DE VALENCIA"

OpenAIRE

VIDAL MARTÍNEZ, MARÍA DOLORES

2016-01-01

[EN]b In this work, I have carried out a series of embossed engravements in order to study the behaviour of expressive effects in different types of matrices, within the framework of the Corpus Christi festivity in Valencia. This festival is extremely unique, as it combines different concepts, such as tradition, religion, legend, symbolism and popular culture, in a single celebration. This perfect combination of matrices enriches its artistics aspects in a simple manner, and the embossed engr...

Cedar Grove: An Interdisciplinary Investigation of a Late Caddo Farmstead in the Red River Valley.

Science.gov (United States)

1983-10-31

render all rimless Natchitoches Engraved body sherds (Figure 1 l-48h). These could be from an unrecorded variety unsortable to type. This is a good...Aloerta, Alford and Arlis. At Cedar Grove the only types mnat renders these 17 Dewey rims unsertaoie to type. Two that use these patterns are Foster...i’auconte) ) 0-H) extent of .ts distribution before contact. It was used in California (Ross 1940; Heizer and Treganza 1944). It aiso occurred in

Chronicles of progress : the illustrated newspapers of colonial Australia, 1853-1896

OpenAIRE

Dowling, Peter Andrew

2017-01-01

This thesis is a study of the imagery in the illustrated newspapers of colonial Australia over the period of their publication, 1853-1896. The distinguishing feature of these papers was that the illustrations were printed from engraved woodblocks. The thesis is pioneering in the sense that whilst historians have regularly used images from the papers to illustrate books on a wide variety of topics, no one has researched the illustrated newspapers as a primary source in their ...

Influence of femtosecond laser marking on the corrosion resistance of stainless steels

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Valette, S.; Steyer, P.; Richard, L.; Forest, B.; Donnet, C.; Audouard, E.

2006-01-01

Marking is of prime importance in the field of biomaterials to allow the identification of surgical tools as well as prostheses. Nowadays, marking is often achieved by means of laser beam, which may modify the characteristics of the treated surfaces. The use of laser devices delivering nanosecond pulses is known to induce dramatic corrosion degradations during sterilization or decontamination processes of the biomaterials. The aim of the present study is to investigate the ability of femtosecond (pulse duration in the 10 -15 s range) laser treatments to avoid preferential corrosion processes of the marked areas, in order to extend the durability and the reliability of biomaterials. Experiments have been performed on martensitic Z30C13 and austenitic 316L stainless steels. Electrochemical measurements (cyclic polarization curves) were carried out to determine the passive state of samples before and after engraving, their corrosion rate and their susceptibility to localized corrosion. Further protracted immersion tests were also carried out to evaluate the natural long-term degradation of engraved parts. The electrochemical behavior is then explained on the basis of surface characterizations. Femtosecond laser marking is shown to provide an electrochemical ennoblement. Moreover, the chemical composition is not affected so that the passive character of both stainless steels is maintained, even improved if we consider the susceptibility to localized corrosion

The Soundscapes of Henry Mayhew Urban Ethnography and Technologies of Transcription

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helen Groth

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Contemporary reviewers of London Labour and the London Poor were quick to label as inauthentic both the engraved re-mediations of John Beard’s daguerreotype portraits and Henry Mayhew’s transcription of the voices of London’s street habitués. Mayhew’s literal mediations of patter, slang and speech rhythms were the subject of particular scrutiny.  As one critic acerbically observed: ‘The photographs no doubt are accurate enough, but those dialogues smell of the footlights.’  Such criticisms strike at the core of Mayhew’s commitment to the technologies of faithful mimesis and the mediation of an authentic experience of the everyday lives of London’s wandering tribes.  Sound bites of characteristic speech serve as titles for many of the engraved reproductions of John Beard’s daguerreotypes reinforcing the analogy between visual and textual modes of transcription.  Likewise Mayhew insists that his various re-enactments of the multi-sensorial experience of elbowing through London’s crowded marketplaces and streets are ‘unvarnished’ transparent mediations of its various sounds and voices.  Central to Mayhew’s enterprise is the commitment to recording and capturing a dying way of life.  Now silenced voices are captured and remediated to ‘shock’ and teach through the ‘heart’ to use Mayhew’s terminology.  This paper will reconsider Mayhew’s investment in the power of sympathetic communication in the context of broader transformations in mid-nineteenth century conceptions of the media as a conduit for information rather than as a mechanism of persuasion.

The theatrical portrait in eighteenth century London

OpenAIRE

West, Shearer

1986-01-01

A theatrical portrait is an image of an actor or actors in character. This genre was widespread in eighteenth century London and was practised by a large number of painters and engravers of all levels of ability. The sources of the genre lay in a number of diverse styles of art, including the court portraits of Lely and Kneller and the fetes galantes of Watteau and Mercier. Three types of media for theatrical portraits were particularly prevalent in London, between c.1745...

EVOLUTION IN TECHNICAL DRAWING FOR MECHANICAL PRODUCTS

OpenAIRE

GHERGHINA George; TUTUNEA Dragos; POPA Dragos

2017-01-01

Hand drawing and representation of various images engraved in stones or physical models built to scale come from the beginning of the human kind. The history of civilization presents many forms of representations based on the human imaginations. Nowadays the engineers create a technique to draw and design ideas by rules in ISO standards. If at the beginning of the last century the creation of industrial technical drawings was realized by crayon with very original results, in present, the comp...

Store managers’ perception of the new Walmart/Massmart price promotion strategy

OpenAIRE

2015-01-01

M.Com. Hi-Lo price promotions are engraved in the South African fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector where price cuts and pricing specials are used to draw consumer traffic into stores. Massmart, in particular, Game stores are known for price cuts in the way they promote hence the arrival of Walmart present a dilemma for Games stores because Walmart is known for its everyday low pricing strategy (EDLP) compared to Hi-Lo price promotions which are popular in Game stores...

Osmanlı Mühür Sanatı Ve Klasik Türk Şiirinde Mühür The Ottoman Art Of Seals And Seals In The Classical Turkish Poetry

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Semra TUNÇ

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Seals are inscriptions, coats of arms or stamps and theirtypography engraved on hard substances in place of signatures. Havingbeen used in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Iran and Anatolia throughouthistory, seals have been engraved on minerals such as silver, brass,iron, bronze and notably gold, or gems such as emerald, amethyst,onyx, turquoise, pebble, garnet, cornelian, and pearl. The inscriptionson seals were engraved in reverse order so that they could be correctlyread when they were put on paper and they were used after they weredipped in soot or ink. Names, titles, verses from the Quran, couplets aswell as flowers and ivy figures were engraved on seals as decoration.There are seals on which 8 to 10 words were inscribed in an area of 1centimeter. Seal making was recognized as an art in its own right in theOttoman Empire. Seal masters had to excel in one or more of thecalligraphic styles like sulus, ta’lîk, nesih, rik’a and reyhanî. Moreover,engraving of inscriptions on a hard object in aesthetic manner inreverse order and so big as to be read was a job that required greatskill, patience and attention. Therefore, seal masters would engravetheir names in one corner of the seal in fine inscription.The job of engraving seals was called engraving and those whoengaged in this job were called engravers or seal makers. Engraving wasconsidered a prestigious profession in the Ottoman society becausethose who engaged in this profession were qualified people with artisticskills and they were reliable people never involved in fraudulent deeds.Moreover, the fact that seals were used in all official and privatebusinesses, that they were important in social life and that sultansfavored this art so much so that some sultans like Mahmoud 2ndengraved seals themselves raised the prestige of the profession.Seals are classified as imperial seal, personal seals, foundationseals and official seals on the basis of their purpose of use and the persons who will use them

Monumental megalithic burial and rock art tell a new story about the Levant Intermediate Bronze "Dark Ages".

Science.gov (United States)

Sharon, Gonen; Barash, Alon; Eisenberg-Degen, Davida; Grosman, Leore; Oron, Maya; Berger, Uri

2017-01-01

The Intermediate Bronze Age (IB) in the Southern Levant (ca. 2350-2000 BCE) is known as the "Dark Ages," following the collapse of Early Bronze urban society and predating the establishment of the Middle Bronze cities. The absence of significant settlements and monumental building has led to the reconstruction of IB social organization as that of nomadic, tribal society inhabiting rural villages with no central governmental system. Excavation in the Shamir Dolmen Field (comprising over 400 dolmens) on the western foothills of the Golan Heights was carried out following the discovery of rock art engravings on the ceiling of the central chamber inside one of the largest dolmens ever recorded in the Levant. Excavation of this multi-chambered dolmen, covered by a basalt capstone weighing some 50 tons, revealed a secondary multi-burial (of both adults and children) rarely described in a dolmen context in the Golan. Engraved into the rock ceiling above the multi-burial is a panel of 14 forms composed of a vertical line and downturned arc motif. 3D-scanning by structured-light technology was used to sharpen the forms and revealed the technique employed to create them. Building of the Shamir dolmens required a tremendous amount of labor, architectural mastery, and complex socio-economic organization well beyond the capacity of small, rural nomadic groups. The monumental megalithic burial of the Shamir dolmens indicates a hierarchical, complex, non-urban governmental system. This new evidence supports a growing body of recent criticism stemming from new discoveries and approaches that calls for rethinking our views of the Levantine IB "Dark Ages."

Spring Internship 2018 at the Prototype Development Lab: A place of Dreamers and Makers

Science.gov (United States)

Rueda, Juan F.

2018-01-01

This paper covers the role of the design process and the methodology of creating a trophy during my Spring 2018 Internship at the Prototype Development Laboratory at the Kennedy Space Center. In the course of this project I used many new machines and materials while trying to deliver a professional product for a competition that invites college student teams from across the country. The machines covered in this paper include the wood chop saw, CNC mill, water jet, laser engraver, and the 3D printer. This paper also serves as an assembly guide for the trophy.

Estimation of the Latitude, the Gnomon’s Length and Position About Sinbeop-Jipyeong-Ilgu in the Late of Joseon Dynasty

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Byeong-Hee Mihn

2017-06-01

Full Text Available In this study, the characteristics of a horizontal sundial from the Joseon Dynasty were investigated. Korea’s Treasure No. 840 (T840 is a Western-style horizontal sundial where hour-lines and solar-term-lines are engraved. The inscription of this sundial indicates that the latitude (altitude of the north celestial pole is 37° 39´, but the gnomon is lost. In the present study, the latitude of the sundial and the length of the gnomon were estimated based only on the hour-lines and solar-termlines of the horizontal sundial. When statistically calculated from the convergent point obtained by extending the hourlines, the latitude of this sundial was 37° 15´ ± 26´, which showed a 24´ difference from the record of the inscription. When it was also assumed that a convergent point is changeable, the estimation of the sundial’s latitude was found to be sensitive to the variation of this point. This study found that T840 used a vertical gnomon, that is, perpendicular to the horizontal plane, rather than an inclined triangular gnomon, and a horn-shaped mark like a vertical gnomon is cut on its surface. The length of the gnomon engraved on the artifact was 43.1 mm, and in the present study was statistically calculated as 43.7 ± 0.7 mm. In addition, the position of the gnomon according to the original inscription and our calculation showed an error of 0.3 mm.

Restoration of abraded and covered marks engraved in steel using active infrared thermography

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Quattrocchi, A.; Piccolo, Sebastiano; Montanini, R.

2016-01-01

Alphanumeric marking is a common technique employed in industrial applications for identification of products. However, the realised mark can undergo deterioration, either by extensive use or voluntary deletion (e.g. removal of identification numbers of weapons or vehicles). For recovery of the l......Alphanumeric marking is a common technique employed in industrial applications for identification of products. However, the realised mark can undergo deterioration, either by extensive use or voluntary deletion (e.g. removal of identification numbers of weapons or vehicles). For recovery...

Fabrication, testing and modeling of a new flexible armor inspired from natural fish scales and osteoderms

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chintapalli, Ravi Kiran; Mirkhalaf, Mohammad; Dastjerdi, Ahmad Khayer; Barthelat, Francois

2014-01-01

Crocodiles, armadillo, turtles, fish and many other animal species have evolved flexible armored skins in the form of hard scales or osteoderms, which can be described as hard plates of finite size embedded in softer tissues. The individual hard segments provide protection from predators, while the relative motion of these segments provides the flexibility required for efficient locomotion. In this work, we duplicated these broad concepts in a bio-inspired segmented armor. Hexagonal segments of well-defined size and shape were carved within a thin glass plate using laser engraving. The engraved plate was then placed on a soft substrate which simulated soft tissues, and then punctured with a sharp needle mounted on a miniature loading stage. The resistance of our segmented armor was significantly higher when smaller hexagons were used, and our bio-inspired segmented glass displayed an increase in puncture resistance of up to 70% compared to a continuous plate of glass of the same thickness. Detailed structural analyses aided by finite elements revealed that this extraordinary improvement is due to the reduced span of individual segments, which decreases flexural stresses and delays fracture. This effect can however only be achieved if the plates are at least 1000 stiffer than the underlying substrate, which is the case for natural armor systems. Our bio-inspired system also displayed many of the attributes of natural armors: flexible, robust with ‘multi-hit’ capabilities. This new segmented glass therefore suggests interesting bio-inspired strategies and mechanisms which could be systematically exploited in high-performance flexible armors. This study also provides new insights and a better understanding of the mechanics of natural armors such as scales and osteoderms. (paper)

Flow analysis from PIV in engraved champagne tasting glasses: flute versus coupe

Science.gov (United States)

Beaumont, Fabien; Liger-Belair, Gérard; Polidori, Guillaume

2015-08-01

Glass shape, and especially its open aperture, is suspected to play an important role as concerns the kinetics of CO2 and flavor release during champagne tasting. In recent years, much interest has been devoted to depict each and every parameter involved in the release of gaseous CO2 from glasses poured with champagne. One cannot understand the bubbling and aromatic exhalation events in champagne tasting, however, without studying the flow-mixing mechanisms inside the glass. Indeed, a key assumption is that a causal link may exist between flow structures created in the wine due to bubble motion and the process of CO2 release and flavor exhalation. In the present work, two quite emblematic types of champagne drinking vessels are studied. The particle image velocimetry technique has been used in order to reveal the velocity field of the liquid due to the ascending bubble-driven flow for both glasses poured with champagne. The contribution of glass shape on the flow patterns and CO2 release in both glasses are discussed by the use of experimental results. The results show that the continuous flow of ascending bubbles strongly modifies the mixing and convection conditions of the surrounding liquid medium whose behavior is strongly glass shape dependent.

What Marketing Strategy for Sacred Geometry Discoveries to Make Archaeotourism Work?

OpenAIRE

Mulaj, Isa

2015-01-01

Archaeotourism can take place in two main forms: i) on site or locations of discoveries; and ii) assembling the discoveries into museums or exhibitions. Given that the first option in Kosovo has not proven viable, a marketing strategy went on to be explored for the latter in broad terms by taking into account Bronze Age artifacts with engravings from the sacred geometry discovered by the Author of this paper during 2013-14, which were the work of ancient Illyrians. Yet, the results suggest a ...

Modeling and Simulation of Engraving and Gun Launch of a 40-mm Sensor Grenade

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Payne, Nicholas; Carlucci, Pasquale; Mellini, Mark

2008-01-01

The U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey is developing an inert 40-mm sensor grenade, which houses an array of sensors and electronic components...

Saving Money or Spending Tomorrow's Money

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

罗芳梅

2017-01-01

Chinese are normally believed to be thrifty.However,economic development has had a tremendous impact upon Chinese society,uprooting the long-engraved ideas.With the emergence of the credit cards,spending tomorrow's money becomes a reality.In this way,people are in dilemma:saving money or spending tomorrow's money.Firstly,this paper focuses on the benefits of spending tomorrow's money.Secondly,it shows that spending tomorrow's money is confronted with many challenges.Finally,the paper comes up with some suggestions to solve these problems.

Get a grip on physics

CERN Document Server

Gribbin, John

2011-01-01

What do Newton's falling apple and the moon's orbit have in common? How does relativity theory apply to everyday life, what's a quantum leap, and why is Schrödinger's cat inside that box? The answers lie within your grasp! John Gribbin, a physicist and author of bestselling popular-science books, offers down-to-earth discussions of technical topics. Playful engravings and cartoons illustrate his imaginative accounts of the workings of string theory, black holes, superfluidity, and other cosmic oddities. Readers of all ages will appreciate these memorable explanations of the laws of physics and

Análisis e interpretaciones de las representaciones rupestres de Córdoba en publicaciones de fines del s. XIX hasta los ‘80 del s. XX

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Graciela Soledad Ochoa

2008-09-01

Full Text Available The paintings and engravings found in the Córdoba province, have been studied partially andsporadically. This article intents to be a bibliographic synthesis of the publications, which starts withthe first publications that circulate in the end of the 19th century, until the beginning of the 1980 s’,when a new period of investigations sets off marked by theoretical and methodological advances thatturns away from individual descriptions and comparisons between figures. The synthesis considersthe sites prioritized for their study and the criteria most used for their analysis and interpretation

Characterisation of mineral deposition systems associated with rock art in the Kimberley region of northwest Australia.

Science.gov (United States)

Green, Helen; Gleadow, Andrew; Finch, Damien

2017-10-01

This data article contains mineralogical and chemical data from mineral accretions sampled from rock art shelters in the Kimberley region of north west Australia. The accretions were collected both on and off pigment and engraved rock art of varying styles observed in the Kimberley with an aim of providing a thorough understanding of the formation and preservation of such materials in the context of dating [1]. This contribution includes processed powder X-ray Diffraction data, Scanning Electron Microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy data, and Laser Ablation ICP-MS trace element mapping data.

Slanted annular aperture arrays as enhanced-transmission metamaterials: Excitation of the plasmonic transverse electromagnetic guided mode

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ndao, Abdoulaye; Salut, Roland; Baida, Fadi I., E-mail: fbaida@univ-fcomte.fr [Département d' Optique P.M. Duffieux, Institut FEMTO-ST, UMR 6174 CNRS, Université de Franche–Comté, 25030 Besançon Cedex (France); Belkhir, Abderrahmane [Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Université Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou (Algeria)

2013-11-18

We present here the fabrication and the optical characterization of slanted annular aperture arrays engraved into silver film. An experimental enhanced transmission based on the excitation of the cutoff-less plasmonic guided mode of the nano-waveguides (the transmission electron microscopy mode) is demonstrated and agrees well with the theoretical predicted results. By the way, even if it is less efficient (70% → 20%), an enhanced transmission can occur at larger wavelength value (720 nm–930 nm) compared to conventional annular aperture arrays structure by correctly setting the metal thickness.

First accelerator carbon-14 date for pigment from a rock painting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Van der Merwe, N.J.; Sealy, J.; Yates, R.

1987-01-01

South Africa is particularly blessed with rock art: thousands of paintings and engravings provide a window on the cognitive systems of prehistoric populations. A major stumbling block in studying the art is the lack of a method for dating it. This article shows that some of the paintings can be directly dated by means of accelerator 14 C counting of carbon from black pigment. The advent of accelerator 14 C provides the capability of analysing very small samples and brings pigments from rock paintings into the realm of datable materials

Two incrusted medieval swords from Zbaszyn, Lubusz voivodship

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Głosek, Marian

2007-12-01

Full Text Available This paper presents two interesting medieval swords that can be dated between the end of the 12th century to the beginning of the 14th century AD. Both display, engraved in the fuller, inscriptions in silver and copper inlay, one of them a Latin text, the other heraldic symbols.

Se presentan dos espadas medievales fechables entre finales del S. XII y principios del XIV, decoradas con damasquinados en plata y aleación de cobre. Una presenta un texto latino y mativos ornamentales; la otra, elementos heráldicos.

Pictures to a story. Notes on Vita di San Filippo Neri at the Civic Museum of Bassano del Grappa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Federica Vettori

2014-12-01

Full Text Available During the eighteenth century the venetian publishing knows a flowering season thanks to the involvement of great artists in the field of illustration. Pietro Antonio Novelli was one of the most prolific inventors of decorations for illustrated books. He sketched the illustrations of Vita di San Filippo Neri engraved by Innocente Alessandri and printed in Venice in 1793. At the Museum of Bassano del Grappa we can find a special watercolored edition: sixty large prints that tell, as if they were history paintings, the life of the saint.

500th Anniversary of Gerard Mercator's Birth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivka Kljajić

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Mercator was a geographer, mathematician, astronomer, globe producer, constructor of scientific instruments, copper engraver, cartographer, surveryor and publisher. The conformal cylindrical projection was named the Mercator projection after him. The normal aspect Mercator projection is especially important in navigation because rhumb lines are mapped as straight lines in that projection. The transverse Mercator projection is used in official cartography of many countries. The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM projection is in military use (NATO. In addition, Mercator was the first to use the term atlas for a map collection.

Monumental megalithic burial and rock art tell a new story about the Levant Intermediate Bronze "Dark Ages".

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gonen Sharon

Full Text Available The Intermediate Bronze Age (IB in the Southern Levant (ca. 2350-2000 BCE is known as the "Dark Ages," following the collapse of Early Bronze urban society and predating the establishment of the Middle Bronze cities. The absence of significant settlements and monumental building has led to the reconstruction of IB social organization as that of nomadic, tribal society inhabiting rural villages with no central governmental system. Excavation in the Shamir Dolmen Field (comprising over 400 dolmens on the western foothills of the Golan Heights was carried out following the discovery of rock art engravings on the ceiling of the central chamber inside one of the largest dolmens ever recorded in the Levant. Excavation of this multi-chambered dolmen, covered by a basalt capstone weighing some 50 tons, revealed a secondary multi-burial (of both adults and children rarely described in a dolmen context in the Golan. Engraved into the rock ceiling above the multi-burial is a panel of 14 forms composed of a vertical line and downturned arc motif. 3D-scanning by structured-light technology was used to sharpen the forms and revealed the technique employed to create them. Building of the Shamir dolmens required a tremendous amount of labor, architectural mastery, and complex socio-economic organization well beyond the capacity of small, rural nomadic groups. The monumental megalithic burial of the Shamir dolmens indicates a hierarchical, complex, non-urban governmental system. This new evidence supports a growing body of recent criticism stemming from new discoveries and approaches that calls for rethinking our views of the Levantine IB "Dark Ages."

Resiliency of an Interior Ponderosa Pine Forest to Bark Beetle Infestations Following Fuel-Reduction and Forest-Restoration Treatments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christopher J. Fettig

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Mechanical thinning and the application of prescribed fire are commonly used to restore fire-adapted forest ecosystems in the Western United States. During a 10-year period, we monitored the effects of fuel-reduction and forest-restoration treatments on levels of tree mortality in an interior ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws., forest in California. Twelve experimental plots, ranging in size from 77–144 ha, were established to create two distinct forest structural types: mid-seral stage (low structural diversity; LoD and late-seral stage (high structural diversity; HiD. Following harvesting, half of each plot was treated with prescribed fire (B. A total of 16,473 trees (8.7% of all trees died during the 10-year period. Mortality was primarily attributed to bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae (10,655 trees, specifically fir engraver, Scolytus ventralis LeConte, mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, western pine beetle, D. brevicomis LeConte, pine engraver, Ips pini (Say, and, to a much lesser extent, Jeffrey pine beetle, D. jeffreyi Hopkins. Trees of all ages and size classes were killed, but mortality was concentrated in the smaller-diameter classes (19–29.2 and 29.3–39.3 cm at 1.37 m in height. Most mortality occurred three to five years following prescribed burns. Higher levels of bark beetle-caused tree mortality were observed on LoD + B (8.7% than LoD (4.2%. The application of these and other results to the   management of interior P. ponderosa forests are discussed, with an emphasis on the maintenance of large trees.

Monumental megalithic burial and rock art tell a new story about the Levant Intermediate Bronze “Dark Ages”

Science.gov (United States)

Barash, Alon; Eisenberg-Degen, Davida; Grosman, Leore; Oron, Maya; Berger, Uri

2017-01-01

The Intermediate Bronze Age (IB) in the Southern Levant (ca. 2350–2000 BCE) is known as the “Dark Ages,” following the collapse of Early Bronze urban society and predating the establishment of the Middle Bronze cities. The absence of significant settlements and monumental building has led to the reconstruction of IB social organization as that of nomadic, tribal society inhabiting rural villages with no central governmental system. Excavation in the Shamir Dolmen Field (comprising over 400 dolmens) on the western foothills of the Golan Heights was carried out following the discovery of rock art engravings on the ceiling of the central chamber inside one of the largest dolmens ever recorded in the Levant. Excavation of this multi-chambered dolmen, covered by a basalt capstone weighing some 50 tons, revealed a secondary multi-burial (of both adults and children) rarely described in a dolmen context in the Golan. Engraved into the rock ceiling above the multi-burial is a panel of 14 forms composed of a vertical line and downturned arc motif. 3D-scanning by structured-light technology was used to sharpen the forms and revealed the technique employed to create them. Building of the Shamir dolmens required a tremendous amount of labor, architectural mastery, and complex socio-economic organization well beyond the capacity of small, rural nomadic groups. The monumental megalithic burial of the Shamir dolmens indicates a hierarchical, complex, non-urban governmental system. This new evidence supports a growing body of recent criticism stemming from new discoveries and approaches that calls for rethinking our views of the Levantine IB “Dark Ages.” PMID:28253312

Methods and Algorithms for Computer-aided Engineering of Die Tooling of Compressor Blades from Titanium Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Khaimovich, A. I.; Khaimovich, I. N.

2018-01-01

The articles provides the calculation algorithms for blank design and die forming fitting to produce the compressor blades for aircraft engines. The design system proposed in the article allows generating drafts of trimming and reducing dies automatically, leading to significant reduction of work preparation time. The detailed analysis of the blade structural elements features was carried out, the taken limitations and technological solutions allowed to form generalized algorithms of forming parting stamp face over the entire circuit of the engraving for different configurations of die forgings. The author worked out the algorithms and programs to calculate three dimensional point locations describing the configuration of die cavity.

El yelmo de Mambrino: dal cartòn a la ceràmica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Manuel Lucìa Megìas

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Illustrations of Don Quixote started to appear in the seventeenth century. The images published in the 1657 editions undoubtedly affected the novel's reception, exactly at the time when it was becoming the object of new interpretations. Those illustrations rapidly spread to courtly environments (through tapestries, ceramics, engravings, but also among ordinary people (playing cards. This is well exemplified by the “theft of images” inspired by Don Quixote , which can be found in the pictorial repertoire created by Charles Antoine Coypel in the eighteenth century.

Law and Literature: a theoretical perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorenzo Zolezzi Ibárcena

2013-12-01

Full Text Available While most of the Law and Literature books and articles stress from the beginning the distinction between Law in Literature and Law as Literature, my approach is from the standpoint of Law teaching. A course on Law and Literature will help the students not only to write better, but it may convey the students facts that surround the work of the formal legal systemas the human condition or the legal culture, as well as a legal perspective thatis, so to speak, engraved in the human mind. The so-called didactic school is treated and criticized. The distinction between Law in Literature and Law as Literature cuts across the whole work.

2.5D direct laser engraving of silicone microfluidic channels for stretchable electronics

OpenAIRE

Nagels, Steven; Deferme, Wim

2017-01-01

Stretchable and bendable sensors have become increasingly relevant as the technology behind them matures rapidly from lab based to industrially applicable production principles. In a broader sense, stretchable electronics promises to increase the way we are surrounded by and interact with our devices. Electronic circuits will be deployed in environments where we require them to dynamically flex, bend, stretch, compress, twist and - quite possibly - even fold; where they have to demonstrate a ...

Sibilas en Europa y América: repercusiones del Sibyllarum Icones de Crispijn de Passe en los siglos XVII y XVIII

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodríguez Romero, Agustina

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Prints published in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Flanders were reworked throughout Europe many times over. This paper is a study of the complex network of republishing and new productions of one such set of prints: the Sibyllarum icones elegantissimi, engraved by Crispijn de Passe in 1601. As a result of this research, the authors propose new engraved sources for three well-known derivatives of this series: the paintings of Philippe de Champaigne in the Luxembourg Palace in Paris; the woodcuts published in Spain by Baltasar Porreño; and the paintings in the Palacio de Autonomía in Mexico City by Pedro Sandoval. All three can be traced to Jacques Granthomme, working in Paris c.1609.Los grabados publicados en Flandes en los siglos XVI y XVII fueron retrabajados repetidamente por toda Europa. Este ensayo es un estudio de la compleja red de reediciones y reelaboraciones de una de estas series de grabados: el Sibyllarum icones elegantissimi, producida por Crispijn de Passe en 1601. A consecuencia de nuestras investigaciones podemos proponer nuevas fuentes grabadas para tres célebres derivados de esta serie: las pinturas de Philippe de Champaigne del Palacio de Luxemburgo de París, las xilografías publicadas en España por Baltasar Porreño, y las pinturas de Pedro Sandoval del Palacio de la Autonomía de la ciudad de México. Todas derivarían de Jacques Granthomme, quien trabajara en París ca. 1609.

Smoke as a pictorial procedure: Fumage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Antonio Pérez Esteban

2013-01-01

Full Text Available I propose a new definition for fumage and address in a brief approach —from the chemical point of view— the nature of smoke. From this base, I study the possible supports, potential tools for application in artistic purposes, visual possibilities, attachment procedure and narrative connotations related to its use. Next, I analyze its connections with the related heat engraving art. To finish and justifying the new definition which claims the contemporaneity of the procedure, I bring a list of artists who have used and, mainly, who are using this procedure in their artistic proposals.

Brother Peter of Jesus at Purgatory: rewrites of a historiographyc passage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joan Mahiques Climent

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The second volume of the Reforma de los descalzos (Madrid, 1655 of Brother Francis of St. Mary relates that Brother Peter of Jesus, while dying in Bellpuig because of the plague, appeared to a companion in Lleida to say he was in Purgatory. From different printed works and engravings published from 1681 to 1724, we study the relationship between texts and images representing this episode. We also edit two versions written by Brother John of St. Joseph (1642-1718, whose autographs are preserved in mss. 990 and 991 of the University of Barcelona Library.

Design of structurally colored surfaces based on scalar diffraction theory

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Johansen, Villads Egede; Andkjær, Jacob Anders; Sigmund, Ole

2014-01-01

In this paper we investigate the possibility of controlling the color and appearance of surfaces simply by modifying the height profile of the surface on a nanoscale level. The applications for such methods are numerous: new design possibilities for high-end products, color engraving on any highly...... reflective surface, paint-free text and coloration, UV-resistant coloring, etc. In this initial study, the main focus is on finding a systematic way to obtain these results. For now the simulation and optimization is based on a simple scalar diffraction theory model. From the results, several design issues...

Refractive index and temperature sensitivity characteristics of a micro-slot fiber Bragg grating.

Science.gov (United States)

Saffari, Pouneh; Yan, Zhijun; Zhou, Kaiming; Zhang, Lin

2012-07-10

Fabrication and characterization of a UV inscribed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a micro-slot liquid core is presented. Femtosecond (fs) laser patterning/chemical etching technique was employed to engrave a micro-slot with dimensions of 5.74 μm(h)×125 μm(w)×1388.72 μm(l) across the whole grating. The device has been evaluated for refractive index (RI) and temperature sensitivities and exhibited distinctive thermal response and RI sensitivity beyond the detection limit of reported fiber gratings. This structure has not just been RI sensitive, but also maintained the robustness comparing with the bare core FBGs and long-period gratings with the partial cladding etched off.

'Catch them young strategy' for the ethical education on radiation technology: A concept of 7 'Es'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhatia, A.L.

2005-01-01

It is the ethics which makes human to make the justifiable use of radiation; there are always two sides of coin; the benefits in the use of ionising radiation and radionuclide should weigh with the risk. Radiation technology has both, the advantages and disadvantages with certain shortcomings; however abandonment of any technology at this juncture may be threat to human civilization. There should always be a rapid evolving process in the development of technology-and so in radiation techniques for the sustenance of human welfare. Hence a ''strategy'' is intended to be proposed and formulated through this Conference; some in-depth and deep rooted engravings on the young minds are proposed which are going to be the part of an enlightened citizens and policy makers of tomorrow who could justifiably implement the right and better use of radiation technology. Thus nowhere it could be taken as the liberal use of double-edged sword. The proposed strategy in the presentation will emphasize on educational policy from light learning activities in the classroom to a short term and long-lasting impact for the young children through planned lessons which could make a mind-etching luminous part of their curriculum. Ethics is an engrave on the minds which are formed after prolonged exposure of stimuli to brain through receptor organs by various ways like by a regular 'dinner table chats', company chat on playground' and 'off-hour chat by teacher' or by self-experience. Radiation education leading to ethics certainly can not be by self-experiences - however the narration, pictures and movies on some of incidences like that of Hiroshima and Nagasaki should be very often and religiously given and shown to them world wide. An impressive and sugar-coated' informal ways of radiation education is needed. The principle of 7 Es i.e. how exposure to experiences, education, enrichment of knowledge, elimination of fear and engravings in mind lead to ethics for radiation which will give us

Metschnikowia cf. typographi and other pathogens from the bark beetle Ips sexdentatus - Prevalence, histological and ultrastructural evidence, and molecular characterization

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kleespies, Regina G; Lim, Young Woon; Tkaczuk, Cezary

2017-01-01

Ips sexdentatus (six-spined engraver beetle) from Austria and Poland were dissected and examined for the presence of pathogens. Specimens collected in Austria were found to contain the ascomycetous fungus Metschnikowia cf. typographi. Infection rates ranged from 3.6% to 26.8% at different...... collection sites. M. cf. typographi infected midguts were investigated by histological, ultrastructural and molecular techniques. Extraordinary ultrastructural details are shown, such as ascospores with bilateral flattened flanks resembling alar rims at both sides of their attenuating tube-like ends....... The eugregarine Gregarina typographi was diagnosed most frequently. Infection rates of all I. sexdentatus specimens ranged from 21.4% to 71.9% in Austria and 54.1% to 68.8% in Poland. Other entomopathogenic protists, bacteria, or viruses were not detected....

The origins of the plebs Sanctae Agathae. Inscriptions lost and rediscovered on the history of Santhià in the Early Middle Ages

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Aimone

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Two fragments of white marble are embedded in the apsis’ wall outside the parish church of St. Agatha in Santhià (near Vercelli, in Piedmont: the first one is engraved with the final part of a dedicatory inscription to a martyr by a clergyman named Vvalpertus (or Alpertus; the second one is a part of a small pillar or a lintel coming from a presbytery enclosure, and is decorated with a motif of intertwined gallons. The inscription stayed in the middle of a pluteus bordered by a carved frame, of which only a part of the lower band survives: the letters and the style of the decorations allow a chronology within the 8th century, while the fragment of pillar is to be traced back to a period between the 8th and the first half of the 9th. Of special interest are the Lombard onomastic of the dedicator and, in the final surviving text, the “signature” of a sculptor, which is present in a second inscription of Lombard age found in Piedmont, adorned with carved decorations as well. The analysis of these artefacts - hitherto unpublished - offered the opportunity to restudy two other inscriptions once existing in the church of St. Agatha, long lost and of uncertain authenticity: all these data allow various deductions about the history of Santhià over the centuries of the early Middle ages, the presence of a clergy in the countryside of the diocese of Vercelli, and the work of sculptors and engravers active between the 8th and 9th century in an area between Lombardy, Piedmont, Liguria and Provence, labelled in the past under the unifying name of “bottega delle Alpi Marittime”.

Applications of the X-ray fluorescence analysis to the cultural patrimony of the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain). Painting, metal and paper

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ferrero, J.L.; Ardid, M.; Roldan, C.; Navarro, E.; Marzal, M.; Almirante, J.; Ineba, P.; Vergara, J.; Mata, C.

1999-01-01

Examples of the application of the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to the study of the artistic and cultural patrimony of the Comunidad Valenciana are presented in the following areas: a) Valencian paintings of the XV an XVI centuries; b) silver ornaments coming from Iberian towns (s. III b.C.); c) ink and paper samples in manuscripts and engravings of the XVII and XIX centuries. The non destructive analyses are carried out 'in situ' using a XRF system that consists of a tube of X-rays of 50 kV and 1 mA, and a detector of Si(Li) with an energy resolution 140 eV (FWHM at 5.9 keV). (author)

Beam Expansion of Blind Spot Detection Radar Antennas Using a Radome with Defected Corrugated Inner Wall

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hayeon Kim

2017-01-01

Full Text Available A beam expanding radome for 76.5 GHz automotive radar antennas is presented whose inner surface is engraved with corrugations. The radar used for blind spot detection (BSD requires a very wide beam width to ensure longer time for tracking out-of-sight objects. It is found that the corrugations modulate the phase velocities of the waves along the surface, which increases beam width in the far field. In addition, defects in the corrugation increase beam width even further. The presented structure satisfies the beam width requirement while keeping a low profile.

Linear or/and circular displacement capacite transducers. Study and realization of high resolutive industrial prototypes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aulit, Jacques; Beaudet, J.-P.

1975-07-01

Proposals are made about a linear or/and circular displacement transducer measurements using a capacity variation method. Absolute measurements are allowed with great accuracy, approximately on micrometer or one thousandth of a degree, for dimensions up to some hundred millimeters, or 360 degrees. A first approach up to millimeters or degrees is given by a classical method (i.e. binary encoded beam). The division of each millimeter is obtained by linear variation of photo engraved capacity on a glass ruber and measured by an original capacity via frequency conversion method. In this system, the use of variable frequency signals allows one to reach long distance display without any trouble and then shows great interest for many applications such as space, machine tool and so on [fr

The clocks and the perception of time in the 18th century society

Science.gov (United States)

Cardinal, Catherine

The ownership of clocks and watches became widespread in 18th century society, particularly amongst the wealthy classes. They liked the decorative appearance, practical advantages, and social prestige which those objects conferred. The use of 'mechanized' time in the towns supplanted the age old reliance on time as dictated by nature and the Church. New temporal reference points gave the day its rhythm. Data from that era (correspondence, memoirs, newspapers, engravings, and paintings) make it possible to catch a glimpse of the influence of clocks on the perception of time. From the beginning of the 'mechanized time' era, efforts to improve the accuracy and the technical performance of mechanisms were made. The importance of such a precise time measurement in every day life is considered.

The artistic endowment of the Incarnation chapel in the Cathedral of Seville

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lina Malo Lara

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The author documents and studies the artistic endowment of a chapel that belonged to knight Twenty-Four, Juan Serón Olarte, and his wife, Antonia de Verástegui, members of the Sevillian social elite, enriched thanks to the American trade. Between 1636 and 1638 several prominent artists such as Martín Moreno, Francisco de Ocampo and Baltasar Quintero, as well as the lesser known Juan de Palacios, took part in this project. The altarpiece in this chapel reflects the continuing influence of Italian Mannerism in Sevillian art of the early seventeenth century, a circumstance largely determined by the assimilation of diverse engraved sources.

A nafion coated capacitive humidity sensor on a flexible PET substrate

KAUST Repository

Sapsanis, Christos

2017-03-07

This paper reports a simple and low-cost technique for fabricating low-power capacitive humidity sensors without the use of a cleanroom environment. A maskless laser engraving system was utilized to fabricate two different gold electrode structures, interdigitated electrodes and Hilbert\\'s fifth-order fractal. The capacitive structures were implemented on a flexible PET substrate. The usage of Nafion, a well-known polymer for its hydrophilic properties as a sensing film, was attempted on the PET and outperformed the current efforts in flexible substrates. Its humidity sensing properties were evaluated in an automated gas setup with a relative humidity (RH %) ranging from 15% to 95 %.

A nafion coated capacitive humidity sensor on a flexible PET substrate

KAUST Repository

Sapsanis, Christos; Buttner, Ulrich; Omran, Hesham; Belmabkhout, Youssef; Shekhah, Osama; Eddaoudi, Mohamed; Salama, Khaled N.

2017-01-01

This paper reports a simple and low-cost technique for fabricating low-power capacitive humidity sensors without the use of a cleanroom environment. A maskless laser engraving system was utilized to fabricate two different gold electrode structures, interdigitated electrodes and Hilbert's fifth-order fractal. The capacitive structures were implemented on a flexible PET substrate. The usage of Nafion, a well-known polymer for its hydrophilic properties as a sensing film, was attempted on the PET and outperformed the current efforts in flexible substrates. Its humidity sensing properties were evaluated in an automated gas setup with a relative humidity (RH %) ranging from 15% to 95 %.

Nuclear particle track-etched anti-bogus mark

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

He Xiangming; Yan Yushun; Zhang Quanrong

2003-01-01

Nuclear particle track-etched anti-bogus mark is a new type of forgery-proof product after engraving gravure printing, thermocolour, fluorescence, laser hologram and metal concealed anti-bogus mark. The mark is manufactured by intricate high technology and the state strictly controlled sensitive nuclear facilities to ensure the mark not to be copied. The pattern of the mark is specially characterized by permeability of liquid to be discriminated from forgery. The genuine mark can be distinguished from sham one by transparent liquid (e.g. water), colorful pen and chemical reagent. The mark has passed the official examination of health safety. It is no danger of nuclear irradiation. (author)

[Tatoos, piercing: body art? Body damage? Debasement of the body or return to a primitive way of life?].

Science.gov (United States)

Grognard, C

2006-01-01

Tatoos and piercing, though they might appear as something like a trend, if not a craze, remain for a majority minority and even fringe practices. For the adolescent, questing for his identity (no more a child, not yet an adult), the tegmental sign is a way of engraving in the flesh dramatic events of his existence. The body mark is a search for independence, a symbolic attainment of self-reliance, a way of severing the umbilical cord and of asserting oneself. In face of a life no longer under control, the body is an object at hand, on which self-will is almost unbridled... These body modifications testify to change.

Lithography With Metallo-Organic Resists

Science.gov (United States)

Pastor, A. C.; Pastor, R. C.; Braunstein, M.; Tangonan, G. L.

1981-02-01

Photolithography with metallo-organic resists is a relatively new addition to photo-engraving technology, and involves the chemical incorporation of inorganic constituents into photopolymerizable organic compounds, so that the photoresist functions not merely as a masking material, as in conventional photolithography, but also as the mass transference vehicle itself. The deposition of thin structured films of metal oxides with this method has been accomplished, the metal-doped resist in each case being the metal acrylate in acrylic acid, except in those cases where the metal acrylate was insoluble. Polymerization was effected with uv irradiation. The criteria for depositing other classes of inorganic compounds are outlined.

Letters of the engraver Francesco Maria Gaetano Ghinghi (1689-1762 to Anton Francesco Gori

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriella Tassinari

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Le lettere qui esaminate, conservate nella Biblioteca Marucelliana a Firenze, sono scritte da Napoli dal famoso incisore di pietre dure Francesco Maria Gaetano Ghinghi (1689-1762 al celebre erudito e antiquario Anton Francesco Gori. Esse sono ricche di interessanti notizie relative all’attività del Real Laboratorio delle Pietre Dure di Napoli, fondato nel 1737, di cui il Ghinghi fu il primo direttore, e coordinatore dell’équipe di artisti fiorentini che si erano trasferiti con lui. Il Ghinghi fornisce dati sulla circolazione di gemme a Napoli in quel periodo, sulle antichità di Ercolano (di cui il Gori fu uno dei primi a scrivere e sulla permanenza a Napoli di Antonio Pichler, capostipite di una illustre famiglia di incisori, che il Ghinghi conosceva bene, perché entrambi lavoravano per il noto collezionista di gemme Philipp von Stosch. Inoltre, in un quadro di scarsa disponibilità di calchi riproducenti gemme della collezione Farnese, acquista gran valore l’invio di tali impronte da parte del Ghinghi al Gori, che così aveva gemme non documentate altrimenti.

Aspects of hole-burning and spectro-temporal holography in molecular doped solids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galap, J.-P.

2006-01-01

The persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) phenomenon has been known since 1974. It is still an important research area for the study of the intimacy of complex molecular systems in the solid state, revealing high-resolution spectra, photophysics, photochemistry, and dynamics of molecular doped amorphous media, organic as well as inorganic. From another point of view, PSHB allows the engraving of any spectral structures in the inhomogeneous absorption band profile of molecular doped amorphous hosts or ion doped crystals cooled down to liquid helium temperatures. Therefore, a PSHB material is programmable in the spectral domain and consequently it can be transformed in an optical processor capable of achieving user-defined optical functions. Some aspects of both fields are illustrated in the present paper. Concerning the search for efficient PSHB materials, the hole-burning performances and the photophysics of polymer and xerogel based systems are compared. The problem of high-temperature persistent spectral hole-burning materials and the search for new frequency selective photosensitive systems for fast optical pulse processing at 800 nm are considered. Regarding the points treated, inorganic hosts based on silicate xerogels or porous glasses have shown the best results. Moreover, by combining inorganic and organic capabilities or by grafting organic species to the host, hybrid xerogels have not yet revealed all possibilities. Also, the interest of two-photon materials for engraving spectral features with near-infrared or infrared light is developed. As an introduction to possible applications of PSHB material, the basics of spectro-temporal holography are remembered and a demonstrative experiment using a naphthalocyanine-doped polymer film is described, proving that the temporal aberration free recompression of ultrashort light pulses is feasible, therefore opening a way for applications in ultrashort light pulse shaping. Aspects for a comparison between cw hole

[The unicorn and the unicorn horn among apothecaries and physicians].

Science.gov (United States)

Fischer, Louis-Paul; Cossu Ferra Fischer, Véronique

2011-01-01

In the 4th century A.D. the first unicorn was shown as a little horse with a twisted horn and was completely different from the Oriental one described by Marco Polo. The new unicorn appeared during the 4th century A.D. in Alexandria. This animal enamoured of purity was used as a Christian symbol of purity and sacrifice and adornment of churches like in Lyons in the 13th century. In the 15th & 17th centuries the unicorn was found again in famous tapestries like La Dame B la Licorne as it meant courage, speed and purity. Since the 6th century the powder of unicorn horn was used as a medicine or a drug against poisoning. Depictions of unicorn can be found in chemist's signs, engravings or paintings until the 19th century.

Frequency Representation: Visualization and Clustering of Acoustic Data Using Self-Organizing Maps.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Xinhua; Sun, Song; Yu, Xiantao; Wang, Pan; Nakamura, Kentaro

2017-11-01

Extraction and display of frequency information in three-dimensional (3D) acoustic data are important steps to analyze object characteristics, because the characteristics, such as profiles, sizes, surface structures, and material properties, may show frequency dependence. In this study, frequency representation (FR) based on phase information in multispectral acoustic imaging (MSAI) is proposed to overcome the limit of intensity or amplitude information in image display. Experiments are performed on 3D acoustic data collected from a rigid surface engraved with five different letters. The results show that the proposed FR technique can not only identify the depth of the five letters by the colors representing frequency characteristics but also demonstrate the 3D image of the five letters, providing more detailed characteristics that are unavailable by conventional acoustic imaging.

Virtual digitization of caves with parietal paleolithic art from Bizkaia. Scientific analysis and dissemination through new visualization techniques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andoni Iturbe

2018-01-01

Full Text Available We present  three  case  studies  illustrating  the  virtual  reproduction  of  caves  that  belong  to  the  most  important  artistic ensemble of the Paleolithic from Bizkaia (Spain: Benta Laperra, Askondo and Lumentxa. The complex morphology of the cavities, the fineness of their engravings and the poor definition of their paintings imply technical difficulties to achieve faithful reproduction of their geometry and appearance. The methodology applied in these caves, based on a combination of photogrammetric and surveying techniques, allows the creation of a complete virtual replica, without shadow zones and a detailed reproduction of their engravings and paintings. At the same time, this replica has given rise to a type of technical documentation that very faithfully and objectively facilitates the analysis and interpretation of the cave. On the one hand, series  of  longitudinal  and  transverse  sections  have  been  generated, extracting  information  of  the  cut  profile  and  the projection of the surfaces through orthoimages of elevation-section with a level of resolution of 2 mm per pixel, equivalent to a scale of representation 1/10. In addition, the georeferencing of the caves has allowed the research team to generate cartography of elevations of floor and ceiling by means of contour lines and to overlap the cartography of the National Geographic Institute (IGN to measure the distance that separates the ceiling of the cave from the external surface. It can be used to detect critical points that must be taken into account in case of possible actions in forestry or infrastructure projects. Finally, these virtual replicas allow the dissemination of a wealth in detail, through new interactive methods of visualization and virtual reality. In conclusion, the presented methodology means an advance with respect to the existing techniques thus providing solutions for both technical and informative applications.

Entre Agostino Carracci y Veronese: apuntes sobre el aprendizaje italiano de Francisco de Herrera «el Mozo»

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernández-Santos Ortiz-Iribas, Jorge

2005-09-01

Full Text Available The presence in Rome of Francisco de Herrera «the Younger» (1627-1685 was based until now solely on Palomino's biographical account and on stylistic evidence. Ten engraved decorative cartouches attributed to the artist (only two of which were already known, establish Herrera's sojourn in Rome to around 1649. They also shed light on his activities as an engraver, a previously unknown facet of his artistic production. Likewise, they attest to Herrera's stylistic evolution from virtual imitation of his father's (Herrera «the Elder » manner to one that becomes clearly personal under the influence of the Roman milieu. Mid-seventeenth century Rome may be also responsible for Herrera's nuanced and complex neo-Venetianism, a trait that sets him apart from his contemporaries in Spain.

La presencia de Francisco de Herrera «el Mozo» (1627-1685 en Roma se apoyaba, hasta ahora, sobre la sola base del relato de Palomino y por el propio estilo del pintor. La atribución de diez orlas ornamentales (ocho de ellas inéditas a este artista nos permite establecer su estancia romana en torno a 1649, a la vez que testimonian sobre una faceta —el grabado calcográfico— hasta ahora desconocida de la actividad de Herrera. También dan fe de la evolución del propio Herrera desde una casi total mimesis del estilo paterno hasta unas maneras ya claramente personales, influidas por el medio romano. De la Roma de mediados del siglo XVII debió de datar también el peculiar neo-venecianismo de Herrera que, por su riqueza de matices, lo singulariza con respecto a sus contemporáneos españoles.

Photo Animation Brings Scientists Back to Life in the Classroom

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lara K. Goudsouzian

2017-05-01

Full Text Available In biology textbooks and in lecture slides, it is customary to describe the significance of a historical scientific experiment alongside a still photograph of the scientist who performed the work.  This method communicates information about the scientists' works, but can be a dry method to describe an exciting and dynamic historical individual.  I have developed a method to animate still photographs and engravings of historical scientists and narrate them in the first person.  This method is rapid, inexpensive, and does not require more than average technical ability.  The animated historical scientists directly address the students to educate them about their own personal lives, struggles, and achievements.

Biometric citizenship and alienage

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Stenum, Helle

. This paper asks if and how biometric techniques are the basis of a re-structuring of management of migration and mobility: Is the suggestion of biometric identifiers reflecting the withdrawal from the principle of rights applied to human beings as an abstract of the universal individual all being equal......, to the (re)introduction the concept of rights being engraved in your body, depended first and foremost on one’s birth, kinship and geography ? The paper will discuss biometric technology in a historical context and explore the apparent biometric divide between citizens and migrants, the latter positioned......Biometric identifiers (finger prints, face scans, iris scans etc.) have increasingly become a key element in technology of EU border and migration management. SIS II, EURODAC and VIS are centralized systems that contain fingerprints of different groups of non-EU citizen, and the biometric...

Crossings of the body: the portraits of Felix de Azara

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marta Penhos

2014-03-01

Full Text Available This article analize Félix de Azara´s portraits, engineer who formed part of the delimitation of the geographical boundaries between the Portuguese empire and the Spanish dominions in South America between 1782 and 1801. The anonymous oil painting made in South America and the imported portrait made by Francisco de Goya, as well as the engraving appeared in the first edition of Voyages dans l’Amérique Meridional, are representations of the impact of traveling on the body’s traveler. The article also provides information about one of his works, on which we suggest a possible authorship, and examinates the genre of portraiture as a representation of scientific and intellectual features.

AGU honored for Antarctic book

Science.gov (United States)

AGU has won an honorable mention award at the Fifteenth Annual Awards Program for Excellence in Professional and Scholarly Publishing sponsored by the Association of American Publishers for the book Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. The book is part of AGU's Antarctic Research Series, an outgrowth of research done during the International Geophysical Year that was begun in 1963 with a grant from the National Science Foundation. The award was presented at the AAP Annual Awards Dinner on February 6 at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Washington, D.C. The award consists of a medallion and a plate on which the names of the publisher, title, and authors are engraved.

Use of lasers in the furniture industry

Science.gov (United States)

Wieloch, Grzegorz; Pohl, Piotr

1995-03-01

One of the ways of using laser in industry is its usage in loss treatment of wood and composite wood products. In the furniture industry the above mentioned machining is used in such technological processes in which tool machining (sawing, molding) is not economical or even possible. These processes are mainly curvilinear cutting of layer materials like veneers, plywood, and face layers and thicker materials like particleboards, fiberboards, and lumber- core panels. Wide usage has also been achieved in heat treatment in wood for decoration. It can be calcinating designs, engraving them, blackening of parts of surfaces, or changing of anatomic characteristics of wood tissue. Nevertheless laser usage in recliner cutting seems at present causeless.

The Hispanic Monarchy in the Era of the Holy Spirit: the Atrium of Valadés

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guillermo Serés

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The autghor of this article analyse the influence of the work of the Millenarian Joaquin Da Fiore, Ramon Llull and Arias Montano on the composition of Christian Rhetoric by Diego Valadés. From the first of these writers, the author takes the notion of the era of the Holy Spirit; from the second, the concept of the Earthly City, for conquering the Indians; from the third, an idea for an engraving of significance in Valadés’ book, namely, the convent atrium. Additionally, he also take into account the idea of restitutio and reductio ad unum, with which both the mission of his Franciscan order and that of the Spanish monarchy are justified.

A rotating helical sealing joint capable of partially melting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martin, Jean; Ollier, J.-L.; Petit, Paul.

1973-01-01

A coagulated rotating helical joint providing gas and liquid tightness along a rotating shaft, comprising: a metal sleeve connected to the wall through which passes the rotating sleeve, an intermediate sleeve made of a fusible material, inert with respect to the fluid to be sealingly retained, and finally the rotating shaft provided with an engraved helical thread in register with the intermediate sleeve. Means are provided for regulating the intermediate sleeve temperature so that a thin melted film is formed on said intermediate sleeve when in contact with the rotating threaded shaft. This can be applied in the nuclear industry, including cases when the intermediate sleeve is constituted by the fluid itself, then in the solid state [fr

Identifying subassemblies by ultrasound to prevent fuel handling error in sodium fast reactors: First test performed in water

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paumel, Kevin; Lhuillier, Christian

2015-01-01

Identifying subassemblies by ultrasound is a method that is being considered to prevent handling errors in sodium fast reactors. It is based on the reading of a code (aligned notches) engraved on the subassembly head by an emitting/receiving ultrasonic sensor. This reading is carried out in sodium with high temperature transducers. The resulting one-dimensional C-scan can be likened to a binary code expressing the subassembly type and number. The first test performed in water investigated two parameters: width and depth of the notches. The code remained legible for notches as thin as 1.6 mm wide. The impact of the depth seems minor in the range under investigation. (authors)

Iberian-Tartessian scripts/graffiti in Iruna-Veleia (Basque Country, North Spain: findings in both Iberia and Canary Islands-Africa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Arnaiz-Villena

2012-04-01

Full Text Available 760 officially recognized scripts on ceramics from Iruña-Veleia excavated by the archaeology firm Lurmen S.L. (approximately between years 2002-2008 have been analyzed. A number of these ceramics contains scripts which may be assimilated to Iberian/Tartessian writings. This number may be underestimated since more studies need to be done in already available and new found ceramics. This is the second time that Iberian writing is found by us in an unexpected location together with the Iberian-Guanche inscriptions of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura (Canary Islands. On the other hand, naviform scripting, usually associated to Iberian rock or stone engraving may have also been found in Veleia. Strict separation, other than in time and space stratification, between Iberian and (South Tartessian culture and script is doubted.

Low-cost and miniaturized 100-Gb/s (2 × 50 Gb/s) PAM-4 TO-packaged ROSA for data center networks.

Science.gov (United States)

Kang, Sae-Kyoung; Huh, Joon Young; Lee, Jie Hyun; Lee, Joon Ki

2018-03-05

We design and implement a cost-effective and compact 100-Gb/s (2 × 50 Gb/s) PAM-4 receiver optical sub-assembly (ROSA) by using a TO-can package instead of an expensive box-type package. It consists of an optical demultiplexer, two PIN-PDs and a 2-channel linear transimpedance amplifier. The components are passively aligned and assembled using alignment marks engraved on each part. With a real-time PAM-4 DSP chip, we measured the back-to-back receiver sensitivities of the 100-Gb/s ROSA based on TO-56 to be less than -13.2 dBm for both channels at a bit error rate of 2.4e-4. The crosstalk penalty due to the adjacent channel interference was observed around 0.1 dB.

[Pierre Pomet’s opinion on Lemery revealed by the project of a second edition of his General History of Drugs, in 1699 ].

Science.gov (United States)

Lafont, Olivier

2016-09-01

General History of Drugs was first published in 1694 by Pierre Pomet, as a big in-folio volume, illustrated by more than 400 engraved figures. It was a very expensive book. In 1698-1699, just after the publication of the Universal Treaty on Simple Drugs by Lemery, Pomet prepared a new edition in-8°, less expensive. Unfortunately, it was not ready for publication when Pomet died in 1699. Only 208 pages were preprint, but together with manuscript mentions written on the exemplar gathered by BIU Santé, pôle Pharmacie, they were sufficient to prove that Pomet deeply felt that Lemery had committed plagiarism, copying even some errors he had included in his first edition.

CRAFTING THE MICROWORLD: HOW ROBERT HOOKE CONSTRUCTED KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SMALL THINGS.

Science.gov (United States)

Lawson, Ian

2016-03-20

This paper investigates the way in which Robert Hooke constructed his microscopical observations. His Micrographia is justifiably famous for its detailed engravings, which communicated Hooke's observations of tiny nature to his readers, but less attention has been paid to how he went about making the observations themselves. In this paper I explore the relationship between the materiality of his instrument and the epistemic images he produced. Behind the pictures lies an array of hidden materials, and the craft knowledge it took to manipulate them. By investigating the often counter-theoretical and conflicting practices of his ingenious microscope use, I demonstrate the way in which Hooke crafted the microworld for his readers, giving insight into how early modern microscopy was understood by its practitioners and audience.

White and Breitborde's French Paleolithic Collections of the Logan Museum of Anthropology. 1992. Logan Museum Bulletin (new series

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paul Thacker

1995-05-01

Full Text Available At some point in their training, most Paleolithic archaeologists succumb to the almost spiritual pull of the French Perigord and undertake the pilgrimage. While today's prehistorians visit numerous French museums and are able to purchase a spectrum of teaching aids from artifact replicas to CD-ROM images of rockshelter exca­vations, the situation facing Alonzo Pond and George Collie in the early 1920's was quite different. During the seminal years of Beloit College's Department of Anthropology, Pond and Collie acquired over 20,000 Pale­olithic artifacts from both a network of professional and amateur archaeologists in France, and limited excava­ tion projects. This collection, consisting of stone artifacts, bone tools, worked shell, antler, and ivory, and even engraved plaquettes and Azillian pebbles, is the subject of French Paleolithic Collections of the Logan Museum of Anthropology.

Methodological study about the chromatic reintegration of a set of tile panels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria do Castelo Abreu Coutinho

2018-01-01

Full Text Available With this text we intend to present a study which focuses on a set of tile panels of unknown provenance and authorship, belonging to the Museu Nacional do Azulejo collection, Lisbon, Portugal, from the late seventeenth century. The painting technique makes it unique and justifies the intention of the museum to prepare one of them for permanent exhibition, despite the figurative lacunae. Therefore, among the conservation and restoration treatments to be carried out on this panel, the chromatic reintegration proved to be the biggest challenge. Based on an engraving of Gilles Rousselet (1610-1686, probably the one that served as inspiration for the artist who painted the panel, several proposals will be made in order to find a solution.

Planar Large Core Polymer Optical 1x2 and 1x4 Splitters Connectable to Plastic Optical Fiber

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. Prajzler

2013-09-01

Full Text Available We report about new approach to design and fabricate multimode 1 x 2 and 1 x 4 Y optical planar power splitter suitable for low-cost short distance optical network. The splitters were designed by beam propagation method using BeamPROP™ software. The dimensions of the splitters were optimized for connecting standard plastic optical fibre with 1 mm diameter. New Norland Optical Adhesives 1625 glues were used as optical waveguide layers and the design structures were completed by CNC engraving on poly(methyl methacrylate substrate. The best parameters that were achieved with 1x2 splitter were insertion loss around 4.1dB at 650 nm and the coupling ratio 52:48; the best one of the 1x4 splitters had at 650 nm insertion loss around 17.6 dB.

Trekking through the ’Garden in the Clouds’ on Changbai Mountain

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2005-01-01

<正>On the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve (established in 1960) in Northeast China there lies some pure land unspoiled by human activity. This is an invaluable heritage left by our ancestors. Yet in our generation human interference is threatening its purity. When I climbed up the mountain in 1975 for the first time, I was fascinated by the profusion of flowers of all colours, luxuriant forests and large tracts of green meadows. From that moment on, these pictures were vividly engraved in my memory, and they often appear in my dreams. Now, almost twenty years have passed, in which mass tourism has been developing at a fast pace. Is my dream mountain still as charming as it was before? What

Large Core Three Branch Polymer Power Splitters

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V. Prajzler

2015-12-01

Full Text Available We report about three branch large core polymer power splitters optimized for connecting standard plastic optical fibers. A new point of the design is insertion of a rectangle-shaped spacing between the input and the central part of the splitter, which will ensure more even distribution of the output optical power. The splitters were designed by beam propagation method using BeamPROP software. Acrylic-based polymers were used as optical waveguides being poured into the Y-grooves realized by computer numerical controlled engraving on poly(methyl methacrylate substrate. Measurement of the optical insertion losses proved that the insertion optical loss could be lowered to 2.1 dB at 650 nm and optical power coupling ratio could reach 31.8% : 37.3% : 30.9%.

Cutaneous cut sign: A clue to self inflicted carving on the body by sharp object

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vipul Namdeorao Ambade

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Suicide notes are usually written with pen or marker on a paper, notebook, wall or mirror. However, suicide notes written on one’s own body is very rare, and suicide note engraved with some metallic object on the body has not been reported yet. In the present suicidal death, the victim while carving some letters on the left arm with a razor had an incidental cut on right thumb. This incidental cut on the palm may be referred as “cutaneous cut sign” which gives a clue that the carving on the body with a sharp object was written by the victim himself. It also provides an additional importance of examination of palm for the presence of supportive evidences.

[Between 100 and 200 years before the microbiome…].

Science.gov (United States)

Cribier, B

2015-01-01

Before the era of microbiote, our ancestors patiently discovered, described and cultivated pathogens, including those responsible for dermatoses. The very well known ectoparasites were represented in the earliest books on cutaneous diseases at the end of XVIII(th) century and the first half of the XIX(th) century. Fungi were discovered in the 1840s, rapidly followed by numerous bacteria, including those causing tuberculosis and lepra. This article is illustrated by images that often showed for the first time parasites and bacteria in books dedicated to cutaneous diseases. Engravings and photographs from the books of Willan, Rayer and Hardy show accurate images of pathogens. Microscopic images can also be found in the textbooks of Simon, Leloir, Sabouraud, Unna and many others. Darier himself believed that "Darier's disease" was due to a parasite, which explains why he named his disease "Vegetant follicular psorospermosis". Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

On astronomical drawing [1846

Science.gov (United States)

Smyth, Charles Piazzi

Reprinted from the Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society 15, 1846, pp. 71-82. With annotations and illustrations added by Klaus Hentschel. The activities of the Astronomer Royal for Scotland, Charles Piazzi Smyth (1819-1900), include the triangulation of South African districts, landscape painting, day-to-day or tourist sketching, the engraving and lithographing of prominent architectural sites, the documentary photography of the Egyptian pyramids or the Tenerife Dragon tree, and `instant photographs' of the clouds above his retirement home in Clova, Ripon. His colorful records of the aurora polaris, and solar and terrestrial spectra all profited from his trained eye and his subtle mastery of the pen and the brush. As his paper on astronomical drawing, which we chose to reproduce in this volume, amply demonstrates, he was conversant in most of the print technology repertoire that the 19th century had to offer, and carefully selected the one most appropriate to each sujet. For instance, he chose mezzotint for the plates illustrating Maclear's observations of Halley's comet in 1835/36, so as to achieve a ``rich profundity of shadows, the deep obscurity of which is admirably adapted to reproduce those fine effects of chiaroscuro frequently found in works where the quantity of dark greatly predominates.'' The same expertise with which he tried to emulate Rembrandt's chiaroscuro effects he applied to assessing William and John Herschel's illustrations of nebulae, which appeared in print between 1811 and 1834. William Herschel's positive engraving, made partly by stippling and partly by a coarse mezzotint, receives sharp admonishment because of the visible ruled crossed lines in the background and the fact that ``the objects, which are also generally too light, [have] a much better definition than they really possess.'' On the other hand, John Herschel's illustration of nebulae and star clusters, given in negative, ``in which the lights are the darkest part of the

Los grabados y pinturas rupestres de la cueva de El Rincón, en el contexto artístico del desfiladero del río Carranza (Bizkaia-Cantabria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César GONZÁLEZ SÁINZ

2009-12-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: La cueva de El Rincón, inmediata a las de Venta de la Perra y El Polvorín, forma parte del grupo de cavidades con manifestaciones parietales paleolíticas del desfiladero del río Carranza. El conjunto rupestre localizado recientemente es tan pequeño como diverso: cuenta con grabados lineales exteriores y, en zonas centrales o de fondo, con tres figuras animales grabadas y algunos motivos pintados en rojo, resto de representaciones desvaídas o, acaso, simples manchas de color. Una figura de ciervo herido facilita algunos paralelos, tanto en lo referido a su construcción y a la perspectiva empleada en las extremidades, como a la morfología inusual del venablo. El estudio que presentamos permite establecer una estrecha vinculación con el arte premagdaleniense de otras cuevas de ese mismo entorno, y facilita una discusión actualizada sobre la modificación temporal en la perspectiva de las representaciones animales durante el Paleolítico superior.ABSTRACT: The Rincón cave, immediate to those of Venta de la Perra and Polvorín, is part of the wide group of cavities with Palaeolithic parietal art of the narrow pass of the Carranza river. The rock art has been located recently and it is as small as diverse: it has external lineal engravings and, in central or background areas, three recorded engraving animals and some paintings in red, maybe rest of faded representations or, simple colour stains. A figure of wounded deer facilitates some parallel referred to its construction and the perspective used in the extremities, or to the unusual morphology of the weapon. This study allows to establish a narrow linking with the premagdalenian art of other caves nearby, and facilitates an up-to-date discussion on the temporary modification in the perspective in animal representations during the Upper Palaeolithic.

Bottom-up production of meta-atoms for optical magnetism in visible and NIR light

Science.gov (United States)

Barois, Philippe; Ponsinet, Virginie; Baron, Alexandre; Richetti, Philippe

2018-02-01

Many unusual optical properties of metamaterials arise from the magnetic response of engineered structures of sub-wavelength size (meta-atoms) exposed to light. The top-down approach whereby engineered nanostructure of well-defined morphology are engraved on a surface proved to be successful for the generation of strong optical magnetism. It faces however the limitations of high cost and small active area in visible light where nanometre resolution is needed. The bottom-up approach whereby the fabrication metamaterials of large volume or large area results from the combination of nanochemitry and self-assembly techniques may constitute a cost-effective alternative. This approach nevertheless requires the large-scale production of functional building-blocks (meta-atoms) bearing a strong magnetic optical response. We propose in this paper a few tracks that lead to the large scale synthesis of magnetic metamaterials operating in visible or near IR light.

Primeras evidencias de arte mueble paleolítico en el sur de Portugal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Simón Vallejo, María D.

2012-06-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the first evidence for Palaeolithic portable art in Southern Portugal. This include two plaques, dated between 20,500 and 19,500 BP from Solutrean levels from the site of Vale Boi, Western Algarve (Portugal. One of the pieces is a small engraved schist plaque (14,6 × 8,1 mm with abstract lines on one side. The other artefact is an 8 × 5 cm schist plaque. One side is an oxide natural deposit, used to produce dye; the other side has three aurochs and a probable cervid. Stilistic information and the engraving sequence indicate probably production by a single artist. The stylistic characteristics are in full agreement withi those from late Gravettian and early Solutrean art known from Valencia, Andalucia (Spain and the Côa valley (Portugal, thus confirming the absolute AMS dates from the Vale Boi Levels.

En este trabajo presentamos la primera evidencia de arte mueble paleolítico en el sur de Portugal: dos plaquetas de pizarra procedentes de niveles solutrenses del yacimiento de Vale Boi, zona occidental del Algarve (Portugal. La primera de las piezas es una pequeña placa (14,6 × 8,1 mm que presenta sobre una de sus caras un ideomorfo grabado. La segunda (8 × 5 cm cuenta con una superficie ocupada por óxido de hierro natural de color amarillento, tiene claros indicios de extracción de mineral para producir colorantes. En la superficie opuesta han sido grabados tres uros y una posible cierva. El estilo y secuencia de los grabados apuntan a un solo artista. Las características estilísticas de los zoomorfos concuerdan bien con los rasgos comunes del arte del ciclo Gravetiense final y Solutrense antiguo del País Valenciano, Andalucía y Valle de Côa (Portugal. Esta afinidad sintoniza asimismo con las fechas AMS de los niveles solutrenses de Vale Boi, datados entre ca. 20.500 y 19.500 BP.

CAD system of design and engineering provision of die forming of compressor blades for aircraft engines

Science.gov (United States)

Khaimovich, I. N.

2017-10-01

The articles provides the calculation algorithms for blank design and die forming fitting to produce the compressor blades for aircraft engines. The design system proposed in the article allows generating drafts of trimming and reducing dies automatically, leading to significant reduction of work preparation time. The detailed analysis of the blade structural elements features was carried out, the taken limitations and technological solutions allowed forming generalized algorithms of forming parting stamp face over the entire circuit of the engraving for different configurations of die forgings. The author worked out the algorithms and programs to calculate three dimensional point locations describing the configuration of die cavity. As a result the author obtained the generic mathematical model of final die block in the form of three-dimensional array of base points. This model is the base for creation of engineering documentation of technological equipment and means of its control.

Dramatic Advance in Quality in Flexographic Printing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jochen Richter

2004-12-01

Full Text Available The enormous changes in flexography printing in recent years concerning the printing quality achievable cannot generally be ascribed to a single revolutionary invention, but are the result of continuous developments to the complete system. Thus the direct drive technology in all machine types and its associated advantages in terms of printing length corrections has become established since drupa 2000. The race for ever finer raster rolls has also been completed to the benefit of improvements in bowl geometry and in ceramic surfaces. Clearly improved colour transfer behaviour has become feasible as a result. In a closely intermeshed system such as flexography printing this naturally has to have an effect on the printing colours used. Further improvements in bonding agents and pigment concentrations now allow users to print ever thinner colour layers while maintaining all of the required authenticities.Furthermore, it has become possible to reduce additional disturbing characteristics in the UV colour area, such as the unpleasant odour. While the digital imaging of printing plates has primarily been improved in terms of economic efficiency by the use of up to eight parallel laser beams, extreme improvements in the system are noticeable especially in the area of directly engraved printing moulds. Whereas many still dismissed directly engraved polymer plates at the last drupa as a laboratory system, the first installation was recently placed on the market a mere three years later. A further noteworthy innovation of recent years that has reached market maturity is thin sleeve technology, which combines the advantages of a photopolymer plate with a round imaged printing mould. There are no high sleeve costs for each printing mould, except for one-off cost for an adapter sleeve. To conclude, it can be said that although flexography printing has experienced many new features in the time between drupa 2000 and today, it still has enormous potential for

ATM Card Cloning and Ethical Considerations.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaur, Paramjit; Krishan, Kewal; Sharma, Suresh K; Kanchan, Tanuj

2018-05-01

With the advent of modern technology, the way society handles and performs monetary transactions has changed tremendously. The world is moving swiftly towards the digital arena. The use of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) cards (credit and debit) has led to a "cash-less society" and has fostered digital payments and purchases. In addition to this, the trust and reliance of the society upon these small pieces of plastic, having numbers engraved upon them, has increased immensely over the last two decades. In the past few years, the number of ATM fraud cases has increased exponentially. With the money of the people shifting towards the digital platform, ATM skimming has become a problem that has eventually led to a global outcry. The present review discusses the serious repercussions of ATM card cloning and the associated privacy, ethical and legal concerns. The preventive measures which need to be taken and adopted by the government authorities to mitigate the problem have also been discussed.

Lost Cities, Recovered Cities: Technology in the Service of the Past

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Antonio Fernández Ruiz

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Cities are living entities that change almost daily but its people are aware of it. They forget the state before the great changes and people become accustomed to the new urban image. In a hundred years a city can completely change its appearance and even its essence. This is the case of Granada, where its historic center was heavily modified during the nineteenth century. These changes have been studied by a project analyzing and virtually rebuilding the historic city. The work ranges from the Rey Chico, below the Alhambra palace, to Puerta Real, restoring the image of the city around 1831, based on the engravings and descriptions of romantic travelers, on the previous alignments and transformations in old pictures.

Bibliotherapy for intern children at the hospital universitary of ufsc: an experience

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Clarice Fortkamp Caldin

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Bibliotherapy developed by professor and students from Course of Library-Science of Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina to hospitalized children. The first purpose was to humanize the process of treatment of children making the reading of stories with therapeutic purposes. The utilized methodology was the reading in group and individual reading. Some resourses was utilized like music, dramatic art, storytelling and engraving. The appriser was founded on the ranson of children’s impression about the stories that was read by that children, about observations of the coordinator of the reading program, in testimony of academics who give collaboration to the bibliotherapeutic project and the impression of the psychologist of paediatries division of hospital. The results obtained confirms that bibliotherapy takes to the pacification of emotions by satisfaction of aesthetic needs.

Award for the best CMS thesis

CERN Multimedia

2003-01-01

The 2002 CMS PhD Thesis Award for has been presented to Giacomo Luca Bruno for his thesis defended at the University of Pavia in Italy and entitled "The RPC detectors and the muon system for the CMS experiment at the LHC". His work was supervised by Sergio P. Ratti from the University of Pavia. Since April 2002, Giacomo has been employed as a research fellow by CERN's EP Division. He continues to work on CMS in the areas of data acquisition and physics reconstruction and selection. Last Monday he received a commemorative engraved plaque from Lorenzo Foà, chairman of the CMS Collaboration Board. He will also receive expenses paid to an international physics conference to present his thesis results. Giacomo Luca Bruno with Lorenzo Foà

Selling pictures: the illustrated auction catalogue

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elizabeth Pergam

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This essay is based upon a survey of reproductions in auction catalogues – from their first appearance in the early eighteenth century until their more consistent use in the second decade of the twentieth century. Examining the role of these illustrations sheds light on how auctions functioned; it was not just the works of art that were traded, but knowledge about those works of art became currency to be exchanged. In contrast to the high end engravings and photographs of luxury illustrated art books, reproductions in auction catalogues – publications produced as ephemeral marketing tools – were of noticeably lower quality. This study of the status of reproductions, therefore, investigates the evolving understanding of art knowledge, both aesthetic and economic, and the interdependence of the market and connoisseurship.

Toward a better understanding of glass gravity-feed micro-hole drilling with electrochemical discharges

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jalali, M; Maillard, P; Wüthrich, R

2009-01-01

Spark-assisted chemical engraving (SACE) is a flexible, simple and inexpensive method for machining electrically non-conductive materials. SACE is particularly interesting because of the high drilling speed that can be achieved compared to other micromachining technologies. In this paper, the issue of drilling speed decreasing from 100 µm s −1 to 10 µm s −1 for micro-hole depths more than 200–300 µm is analyzed. To understand better the material removal mechanism, with the target to eliminate this limit, a model for the material removal mechanism as a hybrid mechanism combining local heating and chemical etching is presented and compared with experimental data. The comparison between the model and experiment allowed the estimation of the machining temperature to be around 600 °C

Transits of Venus and Mercury as muses

Science.gov (United States)

Tobin, William

2013-11-01

Transits of Venus and Mercury have inspired artistic creation of all kinds. After having been the first to witness a Venusian transit, in 1639, Jeremiah Horrocks expressed his feelings in poetry. Production has subsequently widened to include songs, short stories, novels, novellas, sermons, theatre, film, engravings, paintings, photography, medals, sculpture, stained glass, cartoons, stamps, music, opera, flower arrangements, and food and drink. Transit creations are reviewed, with emphasis on the English- and French-speaking worlds. It is found that transits of Mercury inspire much less creation than those of Venus, despite being much more frequent, and arguably of no less astronomical significance. It is suggested that this is primarily due to the mythological associations of Venus with sex and love, which are more powerful and gripping than Mercury's mythological role as a messenger and protector of traders and thieves. The lesson for those presenting the night sky to the public is that sex sells.

Integrated optics on Lithium Niobate for sensing applications

Science.gov (United States)

Zaltron, A.; Bettella, G.; Pozza, G.; Zamboni, R.; Ciampolillo, M.; Argiolas, N.; Sada, C.; Kroesen, S.; Esseling, M.; Denz, C.

2015-05-01

In micro-analytical chemistry and biology applications, optofluidic technology holds great promise for creating efficient lab-on-chip systems where higher levels of integration of different stages on the same platform is constantly addressed. Therefore, in this work the possibility of integrating opto-microfluidic functionalities in lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystals is presented. In particular, a T-junction droplet generator is directly engraved in a LiNbO3 substrate by means of laser ablation process and optical waveguides are realized in the same material by exploiting the Titanium in-diffusion approach. The coupling of these two stages as well as the realization of holographic gratings in the same substrate will allow creating new compact optical sensor prototypes, where the optical properties of the droplets constituents can be monitored.

One-step patterning of hollow microstructures in paper by laser cutting to create microfluidic analytical devices.

Science.gov (United States)

Nie, Jinfang; Liang, Yuanzhi; Zhang, Yun; Le, Shangwang; Li, Dunnan; Zhang, Songbai

2013-01-21

In this paper, we report a simple, low-cost method for rapid, highly reproductive fabrication of paper-based microfluidics by using a commercially available, minitype CO(2) laser cutting/engraving machine. This method involves only one operation of cutting a piece of paper by laser according to a predesigned pattern. The hollow microstructures formed in the paper are used as the 'hydrophobic barriers' to define the hydrophilic flowing paths. A typical paper device on a 4 cm × 4 cm piece of paper can be fabricated within ∼7-20 s; it is ready for use once the cutting process is finished. The main fabrication parameters such as the applied current and cutting rate of the laser were optimized. The fabrication resolution and multiplexed analytical capability of the hollow microstructure-patterned paper were also characterized.

Die Salomonische Säulenordnung. Eine unkonventionelle Erfindung und ihre historischen Umstände

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Günther, Hubertus

2011-01-01

Full Text Available As early as 1549, i.e. 50 years before Villalpando's famous Ezechiel commentary was published, Jacques Androuet Ducerceau introduced the Salomonic Order in his Exempla arcuum, a series of engravings in which the Salomonic Order is even presented as a part of a canon of orders. For the first time, the article draws attention to this hitherto neglected early example. The author analyses Ducerceau's canon within the broader context of renaissance theories of architecture, treatises on the columnar order, and conceptions of the origins of good or artful architecture, some of which can be traced back to medieval positions. Furthermore, it is argued that the dismissal of the italic orders in favor of the Salomonic order by Ducerceau and others is inextricably linked to the increasing nationalist tendencies of the renaissance.

Rock art in the Estret de les Aigües (Bellús-Xátiva, Valencia | Arte rupestre en el Estret de les Aigües (Bellús-Xàtiva, Valencia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauro S. Hernández Pérez

1986-12-01

Full Text Available Account is given of the finding of two caves or parietal art in the Valencian area. There are Levantine and Schematic paintings at the Cova Gran in La Petxina which date back to Middle Neolithic. The engravings of horsemen, horses and human figures in the Cova of Barranc de l'Aguila are difficult to date but are definitely not prehistoric. | Se da cuenta del hallazgo de dos nuevos yacimientos con arte rupestre en la provincia de Valencia. En la Cova Gran de La Petxina existen pinturas de tipo levantino y esquemáticas, que deben fecharse a partir del Neolítico Medio. En la Cova del Barranc de l'Aguila los grabados de jinetes, équidos y antropomorfos son de imprecisa cronología, pero nunca prehistóricos.

Possible astronomical meanings of some El Molle relics near the ESO Observatory at La Silla

Science.gov (United States)

Bernardi, Gabriella; Vecchiato, Alberto; Bucciarelli, Beatrice

2012-07-01

This paper describes a peculiar, man-made circular stone structure, associated with the ancient rock engravings that are around the site of La Silla in Chile close to the European Southern Observatory, and are attributed to the El Molle Culture. Three stones of the circle, different from all the others, were likely to pinpoint the alignment of three bright stars close to the horizon, as seen from a specific vantage point inside the structure. The El Molle was the only period in which this alignment occurred significantly close to the horizon, moreover it was only in this epoch that it could also be associated with the transition from the warm to the cold season, a period of the year which was quite important for a society that supported itself by herding and farming.

Extracting the potential-well of a near-field optical trap using the Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition

Science.gov (United States)

Zaman, Mohammad Asif; Padhy, Punnag; Hansen, Paul C.; Hesselink, Lambertus

2018-02-01

The non-conservative nature of the force field generated by a near-field optical trap is analyzed. A plasmonic C-shaped engraving on a gold film is considered as the trap. The force field is calculated using the Maxwell stress tensor method. The Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition is used to extract the conservative and the non-conservative component of the force. Due to the non-negligible non-conservative component, it is found that the conventional approach of extracting the potential by direct integration of the force is not accurate. Despite the non-conservative nature of the force field, it is found that the statistical properties of a trapped nanoparticle can be estimated from the conservative component of the force field alone. Experimental and numerical results are presented to support the claims.

Secrets to Successful Earth and Sky Photography

Science.gov (United States)

Tafreshi, Babak A.

In the absolute silence of a desert night, surrounded by an arena of celestial beauties, a gentle breeze shifts the tiny grains of sand around me. There is a patchy glow of light visible all across the eastern horizon. It is gradually ascending over the sand dunes. The glow represents billions of stars in our home galaxy rising above the horizon of our planet. I have seen such dream-like starry scenes from many locations; from the boundless dark skies of the African Sahara when the summer Milky Way was arching over giant sandstones, to the shimmering beauty of the Grand Canyon under moonlight, and the transparent skies of the Himalayas when the bright stars of winter were rising above where the highest peak on Earth (Mt. Everest) meets the sky. These are forever-engraved moments in my memory. Astrophotography is not only about recording the celestial world. It can lead you to a life of adventure and discovery (Fig. 1).

Spirituality, shifting identities and social change: Cases from the Kalahari landscape

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mary E. Lange

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Storytelling, art and craft can be considered aesthetic expressions of identities. Kalahari identities are not fixed, but fluid. Research with present-day Kalahari People regarding their artistic expression and places where it has been, and is still, practised highlights that these expressions are informed by spirituality. This article explores this idea via two Kalahari case studies: Water Stories recorded in the Upington, Kakamas area, as well as research on a specific rock engraving site at Biesje Poort near Kakamas. The importance of the Kalahari People’s spiritual beliefs as reflected in these case studies and its significance regarding their identities and influence on social change and/or community development projects is discussed. The article thus highlights ways in which spirituality can be considered in relation to social change projects that are characterised by partnerships between local community, non-government and tertiary education representatives and researchers and that highlight storytelling as an integral part of people’s spirituality.

Male genital representation in paleolithic art: erection and circumcision before history.

Science.gov (United States)

Angulo, Javier C; García-Díez, Marcos

2009-07-01

To report on the likely existing evidence about the practice of circumcision in prehistory, or at least a culture of foreskin retraction, and also the meaning of erection in Paleolithic minds. The origin of the ritual of circumcision has been lost in time. Similarly, the primitive anthropologic meaning of erection is undefined. We studied the archeologic and artistic evidence regarding human representations performed during the Upper Paleolithic period, 38,000 to 11,000 years BCE, in Europe, with a focus on genital male representations in portable and rock art. Drawings, engravings, and sculptures displaying humans are relatively scarce, and death. Therefore, erection could be understood as a phenomenon related to the shamanic transit between life and death. The erection in Paleolithic art is explicitly represented in almost all the figures defined as unequivocally male that have survived to the present and in many objects of portable art. Circumcision and/or foreskin retraction of the penis are present in most of the works.

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metallic Surface by Wire Electrical Discharge Machining for Seamless Roll-to-Roll Printing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jin-Young So

2018-04-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a proposal of a direct one-step method to fabricate a multi-scale superhydrophobic metallic seamless roll mold. The mold was fabricated using the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM technique for a roll-to-roll imprinting application to produce a large superhydrophobic surface. Taking advantage of the exfoliating characteristic of the metallic surface, nano-sized surface roughness was spontaneously formed while manufacturing the micro-sized structure: that is, a dual-scale hierarchical structure was easily produced in a simple one-step fabrication with a large area on the aluminum metal surface. This hierarchical structure showed superhydrophobicity without chemical coating. A roll-type seamless mold for the roll-to-roll process was fabricated through engraving the patterns on the cylindrical substrate, thereby enabling to make a continuous film with superhydrophobicity.

Comparative analysis of public opinion research in the U.S. and Canada

Science.gov (United States)

Setlakwe, Linda; DiNunzio, Lisa A.

2004-06-01

Bank note producers are working to thwart the threat of counterfeit notes created using high resolution, digital image processing software and color output devices such as inkjet printers, color copiers, and scanners. Genuine notes must incorporate better overt and machine-readable security features that will reduce the chance of counterfeit notes being passed. Recently, Canada and the United States introduced newly designed bank notes that are intended to enable the general public to more easily distinguish genuine notes from counterfeits. The Bank of Canada (BoC) and the U.S. Department of Treasury"s Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) have conducted similar market research projects to explore target audiences' perceptions and attitudes towards currency design and security features. This paper will present a comparative analysis of the two research projects, both of which were conducted using similar methodology. The results of these research studies assist in the selection of security features for future generations of bank notes.

The challenge of the abstract mind: symbols, signs and notational systems in European prehistory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Harald Haarmann

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Since the earliest manifestations of symbolic activity in modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens in the Upper Palaeolithic, there is evidence for two independent cognitive procedures, for the production of representational images (naturalistic pictures or sculptures and of abstract signs. The use of signs and symbols is attested for archaic humans (Homo neanderthalensis and for Homo erectus while art in naturalistic style is an innovation among modern humans. The symbiotic interaction of the two symbolic capacities is illustrated for the visual heritage of Palaeolithic cave paintings in Southwestern Europe, for rock engravings in the Italian Alps (Val Camonica and for the vivid use of signs and symbols in Southeastern Europe during the Neolithic. Around 5500 BC, sign use in Southeastern Europe reached a sophisticated stage of organization as to produce the earliest writing system of mankind. Since abstractness is the main theme in the visual heritage of the region, this script, not surprisingly, is composed of predominantly abstract signs.

A Starry Diamond in a Veil of Light: Artistic and Literary Suggestions of a Comet

Science.gov (United States)

Gasperini, A.; Galli, D.

2016-01-01

Donati's Comet, discovered in Florence on June 2, 1858, was one of the most spectacular astronomical events of the nineteenth century. It could be seen with the naked eye during September and October 1858, when it reached its highest splendour. The sight of the comet, with its bright nucleus and its long, curved tail, inspired paintings, watercolors, engravings, and sketches by artists such as William Dyce, Samuel Palmer, and William Turner of Oxford. Donati's Comet is mentioned in the works of several contemporary writers and poets (Hawthorne, Dickens, Hardy, and Verne), and in the diaries of explorers and travelers all around the world. Long-lasting traces of the impression left by Donati's Comet are found in many forms of popular art and literature (ladies' magazines, children's books, collection cards, and advertisements) until the beginning of the twentieth century. This paper focuses on a few examples of this fascination, emphasizing the connections among the astronomical event and the artistic sensibility of the period.

[Remy Willemet (1735-1807), naturalist, professor of natural history and chairman of the botanical garden of Nancy].

Science.gov (United States)

Labrude, Pierre

2015-03-01

Rémy Willemet is above all a local botanist whose first work was selected by the academy of Nancy in 1766. His notoriety began when another work with Jean-François Coste was chosen by the academy of Lyon ten years later. He published then in many papers and was elected in numerous academies and scientific societies. During the Revolution, he was a professor of the Ecole centrale de la Meurthe and of the Société de santé, and he became the chairman of the botanical garden. Willemet wrote some botanical books. Today, what is the memory of his researchs and papers? Fairly few things because he never undertook botanical travels in order to discover and compare pharmaceutical plants. However, Willemetia was the name used to denominate some species and honour his family. His name was also engraved on the wall of some university buidings and it was chosen some years ago to entitle a botanical paper in Lorraine.

Spectrally selective molecular doped solids: spectroscopy, photophysics and their application to ultrafast optical pulse processing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galaup, Jean-Pierre

2005-01-01

The persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) phenomenon observed in molecular doped polymers cooled down to liquid helium temperatures allows the engraving of spectral structures in the inhomogeneous absorption profile of the material. This phenomenon known since 1974 has became a fruitful field for the study of the intimacy of complex molecular systems in the solid state, revealing high-resolution spectroscopy, photophysics, photochemistry and dynamics of molecular doped amorphous media, organic as well as inorganic. A PSHB molecular doped solid can be programmed in spectral domain and therefore, it can be converted in an optical processor capable to achieve user-defined optical functions. Some aspects of this field are illustrated in the present paper. An application is presented where a naphthalocyanine doped polymer film is used in a demonstrative experiment to prove that temporal aberration free re-compression of ultra-short light pulses is feasible. Perspectives for the coherent control of light fields or photochemical processes are also evoked

Computer aided virtual manufacturing using Creo parametric easy to learn step by step guide

CERN Document Server

Kanife, Paul Obiora

2016-01-01

Providing a step-by-step guide for the implementation of virtual manufacturing using Creo Parametric software (formerly known as Pro-Engineer), this book creates an engaging and interactive learning experience for manufacturing engineering students. Featuring graphic illustrations of simulation processes and operations, and written in accessible English to promote user-friendliness, the book covers key topics in the field including: the engraving machining process, face milling, profile milling, surface milling, volume rough milling, expert machining, electric discharge machining (EDM), and area turning using the lathe machining process. Maximising reader insights into how to simulate material removal processes, and how to generate cutter location data and G-codes data, this valuable resource equips undergraduate, postgraduate, BTech and HND students in the fields of manufacturing engineering, computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided engineering (CAE) with transferable skills and knowledge. This book is...

Praxis política en y en torno a Retrato de la Lozana andaluza de Francisco Delicado

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Cecilia Pavón

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Retrato de la Lozana andaluza written by Francisco Delicado presents a peculiar relation between word and image. To begin with, this is done through the introduction of engravings which accompany each Mamotreto (Chapter, and then through the use of a narrative procedure that we may call “audiovisual technique”. Moreover, the transposition of History to films and to television during the 20th Century is added to this complex relation. The purpose of this work is to lay the theoretical foundations to analyse the relations between textual and iconic discourse within the framework of key concepts from Georges Didi-Huberman´s theory, such as “writing in exile”, “montage”, “deconstruction” and “re-montage” and to specify the implications of the political praxis in and around Retrato de la Lozana andaluza

Automated inspection of intaglio plate measurement for U.S. currency

Science.gov (United States)

Grimsley, Max; Hess, James E.; Poulsen, Mark; Rankin, Ken; Curtis, David; Bayer, Donald

2002-04-01

The United States Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) is tasked with the function of producing billions of banknotes each year to be used by the general public throughout the world. Individual notes must maintain uniform consistency for both security features and print quality. The quality control process necessary to assure the uniform nature of United States currency requires a significant multi-tiered approach. Based on innovative opto-electronic techniques, individual security features are examined as a critical element during each phase of the production process. Print quality standards must also be strictly maintained and monitored to assure the uniformity of the most popular printed item in the world. This presentation describes the approach and some of the techniques developed and implemented within the BEP to carry out the necessary monitoring and control of the quality of intaglio currency printing plates.

Optics fabrication technical challenges

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chabassier, G.; Ferriou, N.; Lavastre, E.; Maunier, C.; Neauport, J.; Taroux, D.; Balla, D.; Fornerod, J.C.

2004-01-01

Before the production of all the LMJ (MEGAJOULE laser) optics, the CEA had to proceed with the fabrication of about 300 large optics for the LIL (laser integration line) laser. Thanks to a fruitful collaboration with high-tech optics companies in Europe, this challenge has been successfully hit. In order to achieve the very tight requirements for cleanliness, laser damage threshold and all the other high demanding fabrication specifications, it has been necessary to develop and to set completely new fabrication process going and to build special outsize fabrication equipment. Through a couple of examples, this paper gives an overview of the work which has been done and shows some of the results which have been obtained: continuous laser glass melting, fabrication of the laser slabs, rapid-growth KDP (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) technology, large diffractive transmission gratings engraving and characterization. (authors)

GPC Light Shaper for energy efficient laser materials processing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bañas, Andrew Rafael; Palima, Darwin; Villangca, Mark Jayson

The biggest use of lasers is in materials processing. In manufacturing, lasers are used for cutting, drilling, marking and other machining processes. Similarly, lasers are important in microfabrication processes such as photolithography, direct laser writing, or ablation. Lasers are advantageous...... with steep, well defined edges that would further increase laser cutting precision or allow “single shot” laser engraving of arbitrary 2D profiles, as opposed to point scanning [3,4]. Instead of lossy approaches, GPC beam shaping is achieved with simplified, binary phase-only optics [5] that redistributes...... because they do not wear out, have no physical contact with the processed material, avoid heating or warping effects, and are generally more precise. Since lasers are easier to adapt to different optimized shapes, they can be even more precise and energy efficient for materials processing. The cost...

High efficient plastic solar cells fabricated with a high-throughput gravure printing method

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kopola, P.; Jin, H.; Tuomikoski, M.; Maaninen, A.; Hast, J. [VTT, Kaitovaeylae 1, FIN-90571 Oulu (Finland); Aernouts, T. [IMEC, Organic PhotoVoltaics, Polymer and Molecular Electronics, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Guillerez, S. [CEA-INES RDI, 50 Avenue Du Lac Leman, 73370 Le Bourget Du Lac (France)

2010-10-15

We report on polymer-based solar cells prepared by the high-throughput roll-to-roll gravure printing method. The engravings of the printing plate, along with process parameters like printing speed and ink properties, are studied to optimise the printability of the photoactive as well as the hole transport layer. For the hole transport layer, the focus is on testing different formulations to produce thorough wetting of the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrate. The challenge for the photoactive layer is to form a uniform layer with optimal nanomorphology in the poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blend. This results in a power conversion efficiency of 2.8% under simulated AM1.5G solar illumination for a solar cell device with gravure-printed hole transport and a photoactive layer. (author)

Innovation et système des brevets aux États-Unis : un modèle en question(s Innovation and the U.S. Patent System: A model questioned

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martine Azuelos

2009-10-01

Full Text Available In an effort to promote economic growth by stimulating innovation, the Founding Fathers engraved the concept of patent in the Constitution of the United States by granting Congress the power “to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries.” This article focuses first on the origins of the inclusion of this reference to intellectual/industrial property rights in the U.S. Constitution and its enduring influence on the U.S. patent system in the 19th and 20th centuries. It also stresses the impact of this patent system on the development of innovation in the U.S. during this period, and its influence on industrial property protection systems developed abroad. Last but not least, it shows that the advent of globalisation and the knowledge economy have recently led to a questioning of the model, both in the U.S. and abroad.

[The affinity between Le family of Tong Ren Tang and acu-moxibustion as viewed from Mian xue tang zhen jiu ji cheng (Mian Xuetang's Synthetic Work of Acu-moxibustion)].

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, L X

2017-11-28

This compilation process of Mian xue tang zhen jiu ji cheng ( Mian Xuetang ' s Synthetic Work of Acu - moxibustion )was quite mysterious, the book's advent coincidentally met with several major historical events which made its value of decoding its historical functions far beyond its academic value. The editor of this book is Le Xianyang, the founder of Tong Ren Tang. While compiling this book, he also made a replica of Ming-Dynasty's Zhengtong bronze statue. More than 200 years later, Le Jingyu, the 12th generation of the Le family revised Ming Tang Tu inherited from his ancestors and engraved Ming Tang Tu on the stone for its standardization. This great achievement of Le family was no less than the recasting of the Tiansheng bronze statue and the reengraving Tong ren shu xue zhen jiu tu jing ( Illustrated Manual of Acupuncture Points of the Bronze Figure ) by support of state power for building the Beijing Imperial Hospital in the eighth year of the Zhengtong reign (1443).

EL ARTE RUPESTRE PALEOLÍTICO DE LA CUEVA DE AMBROSIO (VÉLEZ-BLANCO, ALMERÍA, ESPAÑA. UNA VISIÓN VEINTE AÑOS DESPUÉS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio Ripoll López

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Durante las campañas de 1992 y 1994 se encontraron en el yacimiento solutrense de La Cueva de Ambrosio (Vélez-Blanco, Almería, España un conjunto de representaciones artísticas parietales pintadas y grabadas del Paleolítico superior. Entre los grabados del panel I, se ha descifrado una excelente silueta de caballo, una representación de ave, unos protomos de bóvido y de caballo, así como otros trazos todavía no interpretados. En la parte inferior del panel existen pinturas, poco visibles a causa de una colada calcítica y de momento no es posible interpretar ninguna representación figurativa. En el panel II se han identificado un total de 25 figuras tanto grabadas como pintadas. La excepcionalidad del hallazgo reside en el hecho de poder interrelacionar perfectamente estas muestras de arte con los niveles arqueológicos claramente definidos desde el punto de vista cultural y cronoestratigráfico (ca. 20000 BP Solutrense medio y Solutrense superior del mismo yacimiento.In the solutrean site of La Cueva de Ambrosio (Vélez-Blanco, Almería, Spain several engraved and painted figures dated on the Upper Palaeolithic, have been found during the field works of 1992 and 1994. In The panel I we have identified an excellent representation of a horse, a bird, one bovidae and another protome of a horse. Below this surface there are many red ochre wall paintings covered by a calcitic speleotheme and for the time being we are unable to give any interpretation for it. In the second panel we have discovered more tone splendid red painted horse, two more enngraved horses and a little head of one other black painted horse. There are many engraved lines and pictural rests that must be studied in the future. The exceptionality of this discovery is that we can interrelate perfectly these rock art paintings with the archaeological levels clearly defined chronologically and culturally (ca. 20000 BP, Middle Solutrean and Upper Solutrean from the same site.

Poésie/collage : Deux modalités du faire dans le champ de l’autre Poetry/collage: Creating in the field of the other

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudine Armand

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Anne Ryan’s bifocal work, which combines linguistic and iconographic approaches, engages in a continual examination of the limits of artistic expression and explores the porous border between two heterogeneous semiotic codes. Driven by the same desire to express an inner experience and to explore the complex relationship between the I and the others, the author has shifted from poetry and short story writing to engraving and collage. However, even when she worked essentially in graphic arts, she was never able to abandon her favorite mode of expression, verbal language. Words resurface in her collages, either in a fragmented and obtrusive way reminiscent of Cubist paintings, or in a more subdued way as in a palimpsest. There is something paradoxical about her artistic output as her handling of verbal language is based on tradition and literary conventions whereas her plastic work is characterized by experimentation, innovation, and disruption.

High quality broadband spatial reflections of slow Rayleigh surface acoustic waves modulated by a graded grooved surface

KAUST Repository

Xu, Yanlong

2015-01-21

We report high quality broadband spatial reflections of Rayleigh surface acoustic waves (SAWs) through a graded grooved surface. High quality means that no wave is allowed to transmit and the incident wave is nearly all reflected to the input side. The graded grooved surface is structured by drilling one dimensional array of graded grooves with increased depths on a flat surface. We investigate SAW dispersion relations, wave field distribution at several typical SAW wavelengths, and time evolution of a Gaussian pulse through the graded grooved surface. Results show that the input broadband Rayleigh SAWs can be slowed, spatially enhanced and stopped, and finally reflected to the input side. The study suggests that engraving the flat surface can be used as an efficient and economical way to manipulate Rayleigh SAWs, which has potential application in novel SAW devices such as filters, reflectors, sensors, energy harvesters, and diodes.

Phtotography: intertextualities and hybridisms Fotografia: intertextualidades e hibridismos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Cury de Tacca

2007-01-01

Full Text Available This article addresses the intertextualities of photography and cinema, the literature, the engraving and Internet. It seeks to organize the photograph starting from its relations and hybridism with other arts and media. When we understand the intertextual aspect of photography in various moments of its history, we move forward in understanding its intersection with science, the arts and media, existing relations since the origins of photography with impact in current times. Este artigo aborda intertextualidades da fotografia com o cinema, a literatura, a gravura e a internet. Busca-se organizar o pensamento fotográfico a partir de suas relações e hibridismos com outras artes e meios de comunicação. Ao entendermos o aspecto intertextual da fotografia em vários momentos de sua história caminhamos no entendimento de sua intersecção com a ciência, as artes e os meios de comunicação, relações presentes desde a origem da fotografia e com desdobramentos nos dias atuais.

A model for electrode effects using percolation theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wuethrich, R.; Bleuler, H.

2004-01-01

Electrode effects are known for more than 150 years. These effects, with undesirable consequences in industrial aluminium electrolysis, can be used to micro-machine glass with Spark Assisted Chemical Engraving (SACE). In this paper, a novel approach for theoretical analysis of the phenomenon is proposed by considering the bubble growth and bubble departure from electrodes as a stochastic process. The critical conditions (critical voltage and current density) are predicted in function of electrode geometry and electrolyte concentration as well as the static mean current-voltage characteristics prior to the onset of the effects. The different regions of the current-voltage characteristics, as identified by previous authors, are described and explained. It is shown that all relevant processes for the onset of the electrodes effects happen in the adherence region of the bubble layer. The model is applied for vertical cylindrical electrodes and compared with experimental data

A NEW SPECIES OF TRECHUS FROM THE ETHIOPIAN PLATEAU (Coleoptera, Carabidae

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paolo Magrini

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A new species of Trechus from the Oromia Province (Ethiopia is described in the present note. This new taxon shows some peculiar characters, such as a much swollen abdomen of pseudophysiogastric aspect, a feature shared by other high altitude Trechinae, as for instance Queinnectrechus Deuve, 1992 from Asia. The integuments are glabrous; the antennae are short; the pronotum is larger than long, with regularly rounded sides and hind angles; the elytrae are short and rounded (pseudophysiogastric with the first six striae well engraved, on the third of them two discal foveolate setae are well visible. The aedeagus is big and stout, abruptly narrowing at the tip (in lateral view, with a small botton slanting upwards; the copulatory piece is big and well sclerified, triangular, with a more or less sharpened tip. Well recognizable for the “pseudophysiogastric” aspect, Trechus (Trechus ericalis n.sp. belongs to the bipartitus group.

Experiments in photography as the tool of art history, no. 1: William Stirling’s Annals of the Artists of Spain (1848

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hilary Macartney

2011-12-01

Full Text Available William Stirling’s Annals of the Artists of Spain (1848 appeared at a key moment in the emergence of art history as an academic discipline. It was the first scholarly history of Spanish art in English, and was well illustrated with engravings. But there was also an additional volume of Talbotype photographic illustrations. Photography, like art history, was still in its infancy, and William Henry Fox Talbot had only recently invented the negative-positive process which allowed multiple photographic images to be produced. The experimental supplementary volume, of which only 50 copies were printed, meant that the Annals became the first photographically illustrated book on art. The new process had many limitations, including chemical instability. Fading began immediately, and Stirling himself regarded the volume as a failed experiment. Nevertheless, it pointed the way in the use of photography, and photographically illustrated books, as essential tools of art history.

Cutting of nonmetallic materials using Nd:YAG laser beam

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Bashir Ahmed Tahir; Rashid Ahmed; M. G. B. Ashiq; Afaq Ahmed; M. A. Saeed

2012-01-01

This study deals with Nd:YAG laser cutting nonmetallic materials,which is one of the most important and popular industrial applications of laser.The main theme is to evaluate the effects of Nd:YAG laser beam power besides work piece scanning speed.For approximate cutting depth,a theoretical study is conducted in terms of material property and cutting speed.Results show a nonlinear relation between the cutting depth and input energy.There is no significant effect of speed on cutting depth with the speed being larger than 30 mm/s.An extra energy is utilized in the deep cutting.It is inferred that as the laser power increases,cutting depth increases.The experimental outcomes are in good agreement with theoretical results.This analysis will provide a guideline for laser-based industry to select a suitable laser for cutting,scribing,trimming,engraving,and marking nonmetallic materials.

An Ever-Fixed Mark? On the Symbolic Coping With the Fragility of Partner Relationships by Means of Padlocking

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kai-Olaf Maiwald

2016-03-01

Full Text Available "Padlocking" is a quite recent phenomenon observable in many major cities in Europe and throughout the world. Couples engrave their initials or names on a padlock, fix it in a public place, preferably bridges, and throw the keys away. Locations like the Hohenzollern Bridge in Cologne, Germany, have become a hotspot for this practice, with thousands and thousands of padlocks covering the grids of the banisters. But what kind of practice is it that we are dealing with here? With an objective-hermeneutic approach, the symbolic meaning of the "love lock" and the practice involved is disclosed. Compared to common, legal practices of institutionalizing couple relationships, padlocking seems to explicitly accommodate the fragility of romantic attachments. In this, it is an attempt to perpetuate the feeling of being in love. URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs160246

The fortification of Teruel during the nineteenth century: a fleeting landscape

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Sancho Mir

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The strong military character of the Christian foundation of Teruel was materialized in the impregnable aspect of the settlement, located at the top of a plateau and with a complex defensive system. However, the development of the defensive system didn’t take place exclusively during the Middle Ages; rather, it was an ongoing process that even continued until the nineteenth century. This research seeks to recover the fortified urban landscape of this last period. A period that, due to a tumultuous nineteenth century, saw the city transform and adapt for its own defence with a complex system, that hardly survived its own century and of which there are just a few vestiges nowadays. The analysis of these, as well as of several documents, such as some of the first photos of the city, engravings or historical mapping, has made it possible to rebuild a forgotten image.

Air lasing

CERN Document Server

Cheng, Ya

2018-01-01

This book presents the first comprehensive, interdisciplinary review of the rapidly developing field of air lasing. In most applications of lasers, such as cutting and engraving, the laser source is brought to the point of service where the laser beam is needed to perform its function. However, in some important applications such as remote atmospheric sensing, placing the laser at a convenient location is not an option. Current sensing schemes rely on the detection of weak backscattering of ground-based, forward-propagating optical probes, and possess limited sensitivity. The concept of air lasing (or atmospheric lasing) relies on the idea that the constituents of the air itself can be used as an active laser medium, creating a backward-propagating, impulsive, laser-like radiation emanating from a remote location in the atmosphere. This book provides important insights into the current state of development of air lasing and its applications.

Mercier de Compiègne and the question of fashion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Béchir Kahia

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The fashion in Paris at the XVIIIth century knows deep changes. The clothing offer is illustrated by a fashion periodic press which is renews its proposals thanks to attractive engravings. Especially an iconic figure emerges from this Age of Lumières: the fashion trader and his most famous representing, Miss Rose Bertin, “minister of fashion” of the queen of France, Marie-Antoinette. The women were as funny birds which change plumage two or three times a day. The women passion for fashion caused strong reactions, especially those of Mercier de Compiègne. In Comment m’habillerai-je ? Mercier established an undeniable link between the clothing fashion and the power of nation. The respect of simplicity, reflects reserve and modesty; two virtues characteristic of the human nature. Any clothing which can excite the claims of the women is against their natural destination. Mercier sings the return to nature. The author of Comment m’habillerai-je ? exalts the transparent and natural beauty image. These reflections want to allure the royal court and to change the rules of good taste.

Development of educational image databases and e-books for medical physics training.

Science.gov (United States)

Tabakov, S; Roberts, V C; Jonsson, B-A; Ljungberg, M; Lewis, C A; Wirestam, R; Strand, S-E; Lamm, I-L; Milano, F; Simmons, A; Deane, C; Goss, D; Aitken, V; Noel, A; Giraud, J-Y; Sherriff, S; Smith, P; Clarke, G; Almqvist, M; Jansson, T

2005-09-01

Medical physics education and training requires the use of extensive imaging material and specific explanations. These requirements provide an excellent background for application of e-Learning. The EU projects Consortia EMERALD and EMIT developed five volumes of such materials, now used in 65 countries. EMERALD developed e-Learning materials in three areas of medical physics (X-ray diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy). EMIT developed e-Learning materials in two further areas: ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. This paper describes the development of these e-Learning materials (consisting of e-books and educational image databases). The e-books include tasks helping studying of various equipment and methods. The text of these PDF e-books is hyperlinked with respective images. The e-books are used through the readers' own Internet browser. Each Image Database (IDB) includes a browser, which displays hundreds of images of equipment, block diagrams and graphs, image quality examples, artefacts, etc. Both the e-books and IDB are engraved on five separate CD-ROMs. Demo of these materials can be taken from www.emerald2.net.

Reading, writing, drawing and making in the 18th-century instrument trade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr Florence Grant

2014-03-01

Full Text Available When George Adams assembled a large collection of philosophical instruments for King George III in the early 1760s, he drew on a variety of printed books as sources of experiments and instrument designs. Most important of these was Mathematical Elements of Natural Philosophy by the Dutch mathematician and philosopher Willem ’s Gravesande, whose own collection of instruments is now in the Museum Boerhaave in Leiden. Papers in the Science Museum archives reveal the specific practices through which Adams used books such as Mathematical Elements in the course of his business. These techniques included commonplacing, a widespread method for organising information in the early-modern period; and physically cutting and pasting fragments from engraved illustrations into new drawings, as part of the process of design. These practices connected mobile print with local networks of production. They fundamentally shaped the group of instruments Adams made for George III, and constitute a material link between two important collections of 18th-century instruments: those of ’s Gravesande in Leiden, and those of George III at the Science Museum in London.

Creating compact and microscale features in paper-based devices by laser cutting.

Science.gov (United States)

Mahmud, Md Almostasim; Blondeel, Eric J M; Kaddoura, Moufeed; MacDonald, Brendan D

2016-11-14

In this work we describe a fabrication method to create compact and microscale features in paper-based microfluidic devices using a CO 2 laser cutting/engraving machine. Using this method we are able to produce the smallest features with the narrowest barriers yet reported for paper-based microfluidic devices. The method uses foil backed paper as the base material and yields inexpensive paper-based devices capable of using small fluid sample volumes and thus small reagent volumes, which is also suitable for mass production. The laser parameters (power and laser head speed) were adjusted to minimize the width of hydrophobic barriers and we were able to create barriers with a width of 39 ± 15 μm that were capable of preventing cross-barrier bleeding. We generated channels with a width of 128 ± 30 μm, which we found to be the physical limit for small features in the chromatography paper we used. We demonstrate how miniaturizing of paper-based microfluidic devices enables eight tests on a single bioassay device using only 2 μL of sample fluid volume.

The Psychological Roots of Creativity in Messages Left by Leonardo da Vinci, Giorgio Vasari, and a Neanderthal Troglodyte

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Cassella

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The perfect memory that informs our local autistic facet is insufficient to deal with the unforeseen change that challenges our nonlocal artistic facet. The loss of quantum nonlocality leads autistics to fail tests rooted in overcoming the less-than-perfect ambiguity that elicits our creativity. The psychological structure by which perfect memory and less-than-perfect creativity empower each other remains in darkness. This article broaches the hypothesis that Leonardo da Vinci envisioned the union of local perfection and nonlocal less-than-perfection, and that he hid his insight in the Adoration of the Magi. Leonardo’s knowledge - expressed here as the logos heuristic—guides a psychological interpretation of the smile of Mona Lisa; of the four avatars of the Vitruvian Man; of the recognition and location of Leonardo’s unknown painting Natività; of the exact location of his lost work, Battaglia di Anghiari; and of a 39,000-year-old abstract engraving in Gorham’s cave at Gibraltar. Logos can be used to single out local, nonlocal computing, and their alliance in pursuing a humanistic path to progress.

Creating an Online Exhibit in a First-Year Seminar: “Luxury Objects in the Age of Marie Antoinette”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janie Vanpée

2013-04-01

Full Text Available How can students arrive at a closer understanding of the material culture that shaped the lives of the French aristocracy and nascent bourgeoisie of late eighteenth-century France? This is one of the challenges that students face in the first-year seminar, Re-Membering Marie Antoinette, as they study the multiple and conflicting ways that Marie Antoinette was and has been represented in biographies, portraits, memoirs, fiction, film, fashion, plays and pornographic pamphlets, records of her trial in 1793, and the spaces and activies that shaped her daily life. This article focuses on a series of scaffolded assignments that lead students to imagine what Marie Antoinette’s daily life might have been like by exploring the material culture of the period through the objects, decor, and activities depicted in Moreau le Jeune’s series of engravings, Le Monument du Costume, and the craftsmanship, labor, and social practices they entail as described in Diderot and d’Alembert’s Encyclopédie.

3D Rainbow Particle Tracking Velocimetry

Science.gov (United States)

Aguirre-Pablo, Andres A.; Xiong, Jinhui; Idoughi, Ramzi; Aljedaani, Abdulrahman B.; Dun, Xiong; Fu, Qiang; Thoroddsen, Sigurdur T.; Heidrich, Wolfgang

2017-11-01

A single color camera is used to reconstruct a 3D-3C velocity flow field. The camera is used to record the 2D (X,Y) position and colored scattered light intensity (Z) from white polyethylene tracer particles in a flow. The main advantage of using a color camera is the capability of combining different intensity levels for each color channel to obtain more depth levels. The illumination system consists of an LCD projector placed perpendicularly to the camera. Different intensity colored level gradients are projected onto the particles to encode the depth position (Z) information of each particle, benefiting from the possibility of varying the color profiles and projected frequencies up to 60 Hz. Chromatic aberrations and distortions are estimated and corrected using a 3D laser engraved calibration target. The camera-projector system characterization is presented considering size and depth position of the particles. The use of these components reduces dramatically the cost and complexity of traditional 3D-PTV systems.

Memory replay in balanced recurrent networks.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nikolay Chenkov

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Complex patterns of neural activity appear during up-states in the neocortex and sharp waves in the hippocampus, including sequences that resemble those during prior behavioral experience. The mechanisms underlying this replay are not well understood. How can small synaptic footprints engraved by experience control large-scale network activity during memory retrieval and consolidation? We hypothesize that sparse and weak synaptic connectivity between Hebbian assemblies are boosted by pre-existing recurrent connectivity within them. To investigate this idea, we connect sequences of assemblies in randomly connected spiking neuronal networks with a balance of excitation and inhibition. Simulations and analytical calculations show that recurrent connections within assemblies allow for a fast amplification of signals that indeed reduces the required number of inter-assembly connections. Replay can be evoked by small sensory-like cues or emerge spontaneously by activity fluctuations. Global-potentially neuromodulatory-alterations of neuronal excitability can switch between network states that favor retrieval and consolidation.

Real-time Tracking of DNA Fragment Separation by Smartphone.

Science.gov (United States)

Tao, Chunxian; Yang, Bo; Li, Zhenqing; Zhang, Dawei; Yamaguchi, Yoshinori

2017-06-01

Slab gel electrophoresis (SGE) is the most common method for the separation of DNA fragments; thus, it is broadly applied to the field of biology and others. However, the traditional SGE protocol is quite tedious, and the experiment takes a long time. Moreover, the chemical consumption in SGE experiments is very high. This work proposes a simple method for the separation of DNA fragments based on an SGE chip. The chip is made by an engraving machine. Two plastic sheets are used for the excitation and emission wavelengths of the optical signal. The fluorescence signal of the DNA bands is collected by smartphone. To validate this method, 50, 100, and 1,000 bp DNA ladders were separated. The results demonstrate that a DNA ladder smaller than 5,000 bp can be resolved within 12 min and with high resolution when using this method, indicating that it is an ideal substitute for the traditional SGE method.

Cutting of nonmetallic materials using Nd:YAG laser beam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tahir, Bashir Ahmed; Ashiq, M.G. B.; Saeed, M.A.; Ahmed, Rashid; Ahmed, Afaq

2012-01-01

This study deals with Nd:YAG laser cutting nonmetallic materials, which is one of the most important and popular industrial applications of laser. The main theme is to evaluate the effects of Nd:YAG laser beam power besides work piece scanning speed. For approximate cutting depth, a theoretical study is conducted in terms of material property and cutting speed. Results show a nonlinear relation between the cutting depth and input energy. There is no significant effect of speed on cutting depth with the speed being larger than 30 mm/s. An extra energy is utilized in the deep cutting. It is inferred that as the laser power increases, cutting depth increases. The experimental outcomes are in good agreement with theoretical results. This analysis will provide a guideline for laser-based industry to select a suitable laser for cutting, scribing, trimming, engraving, and marking nonmetallic materials. (electromagnetism, optics, acoustics, heat transfer, classical mechanics, and fluid dynamics)

Nano-optical conveyor belt, part II: Demonstration of handoff between near-field optical traps.

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Yuxin; Ryan, Jason; Hansen, Paul; Cheng, Yao-Te; Lu, Tsung-Ju; Hesselink, Lambertus

2014-06-11

Optical tweezers have been widely used to manipulate biological and colloidal material, but the diffraction limit of far-field optics makes focused beams unsuitable for manipulating nanoscale objects with dimensions much smaller than the wavelength of light. While plasmonic structures have recently been successful in trapping nanoscale objects with high positioning accuracy, using such structures for manipulation over longer range has remained a significant challenge. In this work, we introduce a conveyor belt design based on a novel plasmonic structure, the resonant C-shaped engraving (CSE). We show how long-range manipulation is made possible by means of handoff between neighboring CSEs, and we present a simple technique for controlling handoff by rotating the polarization of laser illumination. We experimentally demonstrate handoff between a pair of CSEs for polystyrene spheres 200, 390, and 500 nm in diameter. We then extend this technique and demonstrate controlled particle transport down a 4.5 μm long "nano-optical conveyor belt."

Trapping or tethering stones (TS: A multifunctional device in the Pastoral Neolithic of the Sahara.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Gallinaro

Full Text Available The Pierres de Ben Barour, also known as trapping or tethering stones (TS, are stone artefacts with notches or grooves usually interpreted as hunting devices on the basis of rock art engravings. Though their presence is a peculiar feature of desert landscapes from the Sahara to the Arabian Peninsula, we know little about their age, context and function. Here we present a new approach to the study of these artefacts based on a large dataset (837 items recorded in the Messak plateau (SW Libya. A statistically-based geoarchaeological survey carried out between 2007 and 2011 in Libya, alongside landscape and intra-site analyses of specific archaeological features (such as rock art, settlement and ceremonial contexts, reveal that these artefacts were used for a prolonged period, probably from the early Holocene. This was followed by a multifunctional use of these devices, particularly during the Pastoral Neolithic phase (ca. 6400-3000 cal BC, with the highest concentrations being found near ceremonial contexts related to cattle burials.

CMS Thesis Award

CERN Multimedia

2004-01-01

The 2003 CMS thesis award was presented to Riccardo Ranieri on 15 March for his Ph.D. thesis "Trigger Selection of WH → μ ν b bbar with CMS" where 'WH → μ ν b bbar' represents the associated production of the W boson and the Higgs boson and their subsequent decays. Riccardo received his Ph.D. from the University of Florence and was supervised by Carlo Civinini. In total nine thesis were nominated for the award, which was judged on originality, impact within the field of high energy physics, impact within CMS and clarity of writing. Gregory Snow, secretary of the awarding committee, explains why Riccardo's thesis was chosen, ‘‘The search for the Higgs boson is one of the main physics goals of CMS. Riccardo's thesis helps the experiment to formulate the strategy which will be used in that search.'' Lorenzo Foà, Chairperson of the CMS Collaboration Board, presented Riccardo with an commemorative engraved plaque. He will also receive the opportunity to...

Use of high frequency analysis of acoustic emission signals to determine rolling element bearing condition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cockerill, A; Holford, K M; Pullin, R; Clarke, A; Bradshaw, T; Cole, P

2015-01-01

Acoustic Emission (AE) sensors were used to detect signals arising from a cylindrical roller bearing with artificial defects seeded onto the outer raceway. An SKF N204ECP roller bearing was placed between two double row spherical roller bearings, type SKF 22202E, and loaded between 0.29 and 1.79kN. Speed was constant at 5780rpm. High frequency analysis allowed insight into the condition of the bearings through the determination of an increase in the structural resonances of the system as the size of an artificial defect was increased. As higher loads were applied, frequencies around 100kHz were excited, indicating the release of AE possibly attributed to friction and the plastic deformation as peaks, induced through engraving of the raceway, were flattened and worn down. Sensitivity of AE to this level in bearings indicates the potential of the technique to detect the early stages of bearing failure during life tests. (paper)

Long range inland-coastal networks during the Late Magdalenian: evidence for individual acquisition of marine resources at Andernach-Martinsberg, German Central Rhineland.

Science.gov (United States)

Langley, Michelle C; Street, Martin

2013-05-01

Recent re-examination of the osseous material assemblage from Andernach-Martinsberg, Central Rhineland, has resulted in the identification of an implement manufactured from cetacean bone (probably whale). Argued to be the proximal half of a foreshaft, this artefact is not only one of few such projectile elements to be identified in Magdalenian deposits in northern Europe, but also demonstrates that the exploitation of marine raw materials for use in manufacturing projectile elements is not restricted to southern France, instead extending to at least inland Germany. Additionally, in conjunction with the appearance of marine molluscs and engravings of seals at Andernach, it can now be forcefully argued that this region formed part of an inland-coastal network during the Late Magdalenian and allows us for the first time to suggest that we can identify the movements of individuals transporting valued marine sourced raw materials and their personal experiences across this vast region. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Performance Investigation of a Handheld 3d Scanner to Define Good Practices for Small Artefact 3d Modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Lachat, E.; Landes, T.; Grussenmeyer, P.

2017-08-01

Handheld 3D scanners can be used to complete large scale models with the acquisition of occluded areas or small artefacts. This may be of interest for digitization projects in the field of Cultural Heritage, where detailed areas may require a specific treatment. Such sensors present the advantage of being easily portable in the field, and easily usable even without particular knowledge. In this paper, the Freestyle3D handheld scanner launched on the market in 2015 by FARO is investigated. Different experiments are described, covering various topics such as the influence of range or color on the measurements, but also the precision achieved for geometrical primitive digitization. These laboratory experiments are completed by acquisitions performed on engraved and sculpted stone blocks. This practical case study is useful to investigate which acquisition protocol seems to be the more adapted and leads to precise results. The produced point clouds will be compared to photogrammetric surveys for the purpose of their accuracy assessment.

Palabra, imagen y poder. Iconografía de las Casas Capitulares sevillanas para las fiestas de proclamación de Carlos IV

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Montoya Rodríguez

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Las fiestas en honor a Carlos IV serán en Sevilla las últimas que se celebren según el esquema heredado del Barroco. En 1789 hay signos inequívocos de que ese modelo festivo y ese orden iconográfico están perdiendo vigencia en favor de un planteamiento ilustrado. Los rabados y las narraciones de las celebraciones son discursos de poder en manos de las autoridades que aspiran a modificar la imagen tradicionalista de su ciudad.The parties in Charles IV’s honour were the last ones celebrated following the pattern inherited from the Baroque. In 1789 there were unequivocal/unambiguous signs revealing that that festive model and iconographic order were going out of use in favour of an enlightened approach. The engravings and narrations of the celebrations are a discourse of power in the hands of the authorities aiming to modify the traditionalist image of their city.

Josephson junction in superconducting oxides thick films. Jonction Josephson en couche epaisse d'oxydes supraconducteurs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gunther, C; Monfort, Y; Lam Chok Sing, M; Bloyet, D; Brousse, T; Provost, J; Raveau, B [Institut des Sciences de la Matiere du Rayonnement, 14 - Caen (FR)

1992-02-01

Constrictions engraved in YBaCuO thick films fabricated by screen printing on YSZ substrate (J{sub c} > 3 000 A/cm{sup 2} at 77 K) have been studied. Microwave irradiation of the devices at LN{sub 2} showed distinct Shapiro steps demonstrating the presence intrinsic Josephson junctions. The latter have an I{sub c}(T) dependence fitting (1 - T/T{sub c}){sup 2} characteristic of SNS junctions. Furthermore, dc SQUID effects have also been observed with a peak-to-peak response {approx equal} 0.2 {mu}V and with a magnetic field periodicity extending through several hundred of {phi}{sub o}. An energy resolution close to 3 x 10{sup -29} J/Hz is estimated for our constriction operating in the white noise frequency range (f > 50 Hz) at 77 K. This sensitivity is adequate to use this flux sensor in many applications: geomagnetism, magnetocardiology,... 19 refs; 7 figs.

Saharan Rock Art: Local Dynamics and Wider Perspectives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Gallinaro

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Rock art is the best known evidence of the Saharan fragile heritage. Thousands of engraved and painted artworks dot boulders and cliffs in open-air sites, as well as the rock walls of rockshelters and caves located in the main massifs. Since its pioneering discovery in the late 19th century, rock art captured the imagination of travellers and scholars, representing for a long time the main aim of research in the area. Chronology, meaning and connections between the different recognized artistic provinces are still to be fully understood. The central massifs, and in particular the "cultural province" encompassing Tadrart Acacus and Tassili n’Ajer, played and still play a key role in this scenario. Recent analytical and contextual analyses of rock art contexts seem to open new perspectives. Tadrart Acacus, for the richness and variability of artworks, for the huge archaeological data known, and for its proximity to other important areas with rock art (Tassili n’Ajjer, Algerian Tadrart and Messak massifs is an ideal context to analyze the artworks in their environmental and social-cultural context, and to define connections between cultural local dynamics and wider regional perspectives.

The design and development of CO2 medium-level laser power calibration system for industrial and medical applications in Thailand

Science.gov (United States)

Nontapot, Kanokwan

2018-03-01

The carbon dioxide laser (CO2 laser) is one of the most useful and is the highest CW laser at the present. The laser produces infrared light at 10.6 um. Due to its high power, CO2 lasers are usually used in industrial applications such as cutting and welding, or for engraving at less power. CO2 lasers are also used widely in medical applications, such as laser surgery, skin resurfacing, and removing mold, due to water (biological tissue) absorb light at this wavelength very well. CO2 lasers are also used as LIDAR laser source for military range finding applications because of the transparency of the atmosphere to infrared light. Due to the increasing use of CO2 lasers laser in industrial and medical applications in Thailand, the National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) has set up a CO2 laser power calibration system and provide calibration service to customers this year. The service support calibration of medium-level laser power at wavelength of 10.6 um and at power range 100 mW-10W. The design and development of the calibration system will be presented.

Monstruos de papel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joaquín Díaz

2016-04-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT. The expression «literatura de cordel» uniquely brings together all that kinds of papers that were sold in the street exposed to the attention of the public hanging from a string. The contemplation of that kind of papers used to be in the square or in a market and the editor used to search an effect showing an artistic engraving on the cover. To achieve this engraving attracted without hesitation to who is closer to the seller's specifications, it demanded the collaboration of an artist who return to images which otherwise expressed the words of the author of the text and it required that artist who figures –animals or human– they were identifiable, a desirable general vision and at the same time seem relatively close. Treatment given by some of these artists to the themes of the «pliegos» came to be peculiar to its form created a «style» and a repertoire with own personality and aesthetics. This article discusses some of the recurring themes that influenced the creation of a common long-haul mentality. Resumen: La expresión “literatura de cordel” agrupa unívocamente a todo aquel tipo de papeles que eran vendidos en la calle expuestos a la atención del público colgando de una cuerda. La contemplación del pliego solía hacerse en la plaza o en un mercado y el editor solía buscar un efecto mostrando un grabado en la portada. Para conseguir que ese grabado atrajera sin dudar a quien se acercase al vendedor de pliegos, demandaba la colaboración de un artista plástico que trasladase a imágenes lo que de otro modo expresaban las palabras del autor del pliego y exigía a ese artista que las figuras –de animales o humanas- fuesen identificables, respetasen un deseable plano general y al mismo tiempo parecieran relativamente cercanas. El tratamiento dado por algunos de esos artistas a los temas de los pliegos llegó a hacerse tan peculiar que su forma creó un “estilo” y un repertorio con personalidad y est

Aesthetical Study of Patterns and Forms in the Metalworks during Seljuk Dynasty

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ashraf Sadat Mousavi Lar

2017-06-01

Full Text Available One of the brightest periods of Iranian art begins with the entrance of the Seljuk dynasty in the land. Metalwork and particularly the use of statues, gold and silver faces restrictions in the Islamic society which have influenced the basis of Seljuk traditional aesthetics. Metalwork is worth to be studied in order to understand basis of aesthetics of Seljuk figures and forms. This study has chosen twenty samples of metal works from Seljuk and Sasanid eras to get to know the aesthetic principles of Seljuk metalwork. Another inquiry of the paper is to grasp the differences between the metalwork of this era and pre-Islamic period. Research method has been a historical-descriptive and analytic-comparative one. The results show that tribal traditions rules Iranian-Islamic Seljuk metalwork and Islamic tradition has obtained the most frequency after comparisons were implemented. Used metals by the Seljuk respectively are silver, bronze, brass and copper. Construction and decoration techniques include chasing, [casting, engraving, niello (with equal statistics], inlaying, hammering, [embossing and open working]. Decorative figures include [floral and geometric figures along with inscriptions], animal, legendary and human figures.

[The dawn of radiotherapy, between strokes of genius, dramas and controversies].

Science.gov (United States)

Cosset, J-M

2016-10-01

Radiotherapy is 120 years old. A few months only after the discoveries of Roentgen, Becquerel and Marie and Pierre Curie, a few scientists tried to use the newly discovered rays to treat patients. The question of the name of the first "radiation therapist" remains debated. Although often proposed, Emil Grubbé from Chicago seems to have been disqualified. Leopold Freund from Vienna treated a benign cutaneous lesion. Finally, Victor Despeignes from Lyon appears to be the most serious candidate, having treated in 1896 a gastric cancer, and obtaining a very significant tumour regression. The pioneers of radiotherapy paid a heavy tribute to the development of the specialty; a number of them appears on the - most probably incomplete - list of 352 names engraved on the monument dedicated to the "radiation martyrs" in Hamburg. We must keep in mind that it is only within a few years that a handful of brilliant pioneers built the foundations on which radiotherapy could emerge. Copyright © 2016 Société française de radiothérapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

The king's animals and the king's books: the illustrations for the Paris Academy's Histoire des animaux.

Science.gov (United States)

Guerrini, Anita

2010-07-01

This essay explores the place of natural philosophy among the patronage projects of Louis XIV, focusing on the Mémoires pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des animaux (or Histoire des animaux) of the 1670s, one of a number of works of natural philosophy to issue from Louis XIV's printing house. Questions particular to the Histoire des animaux include the interaction between text and image, the credibility and authority of images of exotic animals, and the relationship between comparative anatomy and natural history, and between human and animal anatomy. At the same time that the Histoire des animaux contributed to Jean-Baptiste Colbert's management of patronage and of Louis's image, it was a work of natural philosophy, representing the collaborative efforts of the new Paris Academy of Sciences. It examined natural history and comparative anatomy in new ways, and its illustrations broke new ground in their depiction of animals in a natural setting. However, the lavishly formatted books were presentation volumes and did not gain wide circulation until their republication in 1733. Sources consulted include Colbert's manuscript memoires on the royal printers and engravers.

Evaluation of portable Raman spectroscopy and handheld X-ray fluorescence analysis (hXRF) for the direct analysis of glyptics

Science.gov (United States)

Lauwers, D.; Candeias, A.; Coccato, A.; Mirao, J.; Moens, L.; Vandenabeele, P.

2016-03-01

In archaeometry, the advantages of a combined use of Raman spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy are extensively discussed for applications such as the analysis of paintings, manuscripts, pottery, etc. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the advantage of using both techniques for analysing glyptics. These engraved gemstones or glass materials were originally used as stamps, to identify the owner, for instance on letters, but also on wine vessels. For this research, a set of 64 glyptics (42 Roman glass specimens and 22 modern ones), belonging to the collection of the museum 'Quinta das Cruzes' in Funchal (Madeira, Portugal), was analysed with portable Raman spectroscopy and handheld X-ray fluorescence (hXRF). These techniques were also used to confirm the gemological identification of these precious objects and can give extra information about the glass composition. Raman spectroscopy identifies the molecular composition as well as on the crystalline phases present. On the other hand, hXRF results show that the antique Roman glass samples are characterised with low Pb and Sn levels and that the modern specimens can be discriminated in two groups: lead-based and non-lead-based ones.

Research on the Perforating Algorithm Based on STL Files

Science.gov (United States)

Yuchuan, Han; Xianfeng, Zhu; Yunrui, Bai; Zhiwen, Wu

2018-04-01

In the process of making medical personalized external fixation brace, the 3D data file should be perforated to increase the air permeability and reduce the weight. In this paper, a perforating algorithm for 3D STL file is proposed, which can perforate holes, hollow characters and engrave decorative patterns on STL files. The perforating process is composed of three steps. Firstly, make the imaginary space surface intersect with the STL model, and reconstruct triangles at the intersection. Secondly, delete the triangular facets inside the space surface and make a hole on the STL model. Thirdly, triangulate the inner surface of the hole, and thus realize the perforating. Choose the simple space equations such as cylindrical and rectangular prism equations as perforating equations can perforate round holes and rectangular holes. Through the combination of different holes, lettering, perforating decorative patterns and other perforated results can be accomplished. At last, an external fixation brace and an individual pen container were perforated holes using the algorithm, and the expected results were reached, which proved the algorithm is feasible.

Forming three-dimensional closed shapes from two-dimensional soft ribbons by controlled buckling

Science.gov (United States)

Aoki, Michio; Juang, Jia-Yang

2018-02-01

Conventional manufacturing techniques-moulding, machining and casting-exist to produce three-dimensional (3D) shapes. However, these industrial processes are typically geared for mass production and are not directly applicable to residential settings, where inexpensive and versatile tools are desirable. Moreover, those techniques are, in general, not adequate to process soft elastic materials. Here, we introduce a new concept of forming 3D closed hollow shapes from two-dimensional (2D) elastic ribbons by controlled buckling. We numerically and experimentally characterize how the profile and thickness of the ribbon determine its buckled shape. We find a 2D master profile with which various elliptical 3D shapes can be formed. More complex natural and artificial hollow shapes, such as strawberry, hourglass and wheel, can also be achieved via strategic design and pattern engraving on the ribbons. The nonlinear response of the post-buckling regime is rationalized through finite-element analysis, which shows good quantitative agreement with experiments. This robust fabrication should complement conventional techniques and provide a rich arena for future studies on the mechanics and new applications of elastic hollow structures.

Residual strains in a stainless steel perforated plate subjected to reverse loading at high temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Durelli, A.J.; Buitrago, J.

1974-01-01

An investigation was made to determine strains in a stainless steel perforated plate subjected to a temperature of 1100 0 F and to a successively applied tensile and compressive in-plane loading sufficiently large to produce creep and plastic strains. The duration of the test was 1000 hours. Square grids of lines (at distance of 0.25 in.) and crossed-gratings (500 lines-per-inch) were engraved on both surfaces of the plate before the test. After the plate was unloaded and brought back to room temperature the grids were analyzed using traveling microscopes, and the gratings using the moire effect. Both Cartesian strains were determined from the moire isothetics along the axes of the plate, along the two lines tangent to the hole and parallel to those axes and along the edges of the plate. Grid measurements were made at specific points. The deformed shapes of the hole and of the plate are also given. It is estimated that strains larger than 0.001 can be determined with the techniques and methods used. (U.S.)

Description of the Earth in the Works of Arabic Geographers from IX to XII Century

Science.gov (United States)

Cvijanovic, I.

2012-12-01

The works of Arabic writers provide data about shape, position and size of the Earth, planets and zodiac signs. They include preserved maps of Ibn Haukal, Al-Masudi and Al-Idrisi. Al-Masudi (871-956/7) made a map of the world and wrote that the Earth is round, before the Christians in Europe were ready to accept that idea. The famous geographer and cartographer Al-Idrisi (IX/X., died in 903/913.) has lived on the court of Norman king Roger II of Sicily, and after his death on the court of his son William I on Sicily, where he obtained the data from European and Arabic geographers. On the basis of this data he wrote a work known entitled Roger's book. Besides this important work he made a celestial globe and a map of the world in the shape of a silver disk. The lines that marked the borders of seven regions of the inhabited world were engraved on this disk. The Arabs had excellent knowledge of Greek astronomy and accepted their division of the world in seven climatic zones.

Commercial products that convey personal health information in emergencies.

Science.gov (United States)

Potini, Vishnu C; Weerasuriya, Dilani N; Lowery-North, Douglas W; Kellermann, Arthur L

2011-12-01

Describe commercially available products and services designed to convey personal health information in emergencies. The search engine Google®, supplemented by print ads, was used to identify companies and organizations that offer relevant products and services to the general market. Disease-specific, health system, and health plan-specific offerings were excluded. Vendor web sites were the primary sources of information, supplemented by telephone and e-mail queries to sales representatives. Perfect inter-rater agreement was achieved. Thirty-nine unique vendors were identified. Eight sell engraved jewelry. Three offer an embossed card or pamphlet. Twelve supply USB drives with various features. Eleven support password-protected web sites. Five maintain national call centers. Available media differed markedly with respect to capacity and accessibility. Quoted prices ranged from a one-time expenditure of $3.50 to an annual fee of $200. Associated features and annual fees varied widely. A wide range of products and services exist to help patients convey personal health information. Health care providers should be familiar with their features, so they can access the information in a disaster or emergency.

Photographs of Sculpture: Greek Slave’s ‘complex polyphony’, 1847–77

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrizia Di Bello

2016-06-01

Full Text Available This article explores some of the representations, iterations, and appearances of Hiram Powers’s 'Greek Slave' in London in the decades after its first exhibition in 1845, years in which a variety of new ‘engines of the fine arts’ were fuelling a widening market for art objects of all kinds, and popular culture could turn statues into celebrities appearing everywhere — exhibitions, photographers’ studios, newspapers, 'tableau-vivant' shows, even confectionery shops. The article’s focus is on how sculpture was used in the reception and understanding of photography as a new medium of reproduction, and how the materiality of specific photographic ‘objects’ — daguerreotypes, paper prints, and stereographs — interacted with that of sculpture to affect the viewer, at a time when sculptural objects themselves blurred the boundaries between original and reproduction. The article ends with an analysis of stereoscopic cards of 'Greek Slave', as the first photographic reproductions that could really compete with wood engravings and statuettes in the dissemination and circulation of statues, arguing for their pleasurable interactivity as key to their success.

Transfer coating by electron initiated polymerization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nablo, S.V.

1985-01-01

The high speed and depth of cure possible with electron initiated monomer/oligomer coating systems provide many new opportunities for approaches to product finishing. Moreover, the use of transfer or cast coating using films or metallic surfaces offers the ability to precisely control the surface topology of liquid film surfaces during polymerization. Transfer coating such as with textiles has been a commercial process for many years and the synergistic addition of EB technology permits the manufacture of unusual new products. One of these, the casting paper used in the manufacture of vinyl and urethane fabrics, is the first EB application to use a drum surface for pattern replication in the coating. In this case the coated paper is cured against, and then released from, an engraved drum surface. Recent developments in the use of plastic films for transfer have been applied to the manufacture of transfer metallized and coated paper and paperboard products for packaging. Details of these and related processes will be presented as well as a discussion of the typical product areas using this high speed transfer technology. (author)

Linguistic Decipherment of the Lettering on the (Original Carving of the Virgin of Candelaria from Tenerife (Canary Islands

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vicente Jara Vera

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The wooden carving of Our Lady of Candelaria, discovered in the municipality of the same name on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands during the first half of the fifteenth century, had nearly two hundred letters of the Latin alphabet inscribed on her garments. Unfortunately the original carving disappeared after the storm that took place in 1826. Once the original letters on the first image were discovered by means of analysing both textual and artistic documentation and sources, we conclude that the text is archaic-Berber language used by the islanders, Insular-Amazigh, which no longer exists in the present day. Having discussed lexical, morphological, syntactic and phonetic aspects of this archaic language, as well as conducted a semantic analysis of the carving both from the native aboriginal perspective and the Christian one, we expound here our proposal of the meaning of the letters engraved on the Marian carving of Candelaria from its lexical voices and roots of their Berber and Insular-Amazigh languages, with the previous proposed solutions.

Generation of fractional acoustic vortex with a discrete Archimedean spiral structure plate

Science.gov (United States)

Jia, Yu-Rou; Wei, Qi; Wu, Da-Jian; Xu, Zheng; Liu, Xiao-Jun

2018-04-01

Artificial structure plates engraved with discrete Archimedean spiral slits have been well designed to achieve fractional acoustic vortices (FAVs). The phase and pressure field distributions of FAVs are investigated theoretically and demonstrated numerically. It is found that the phase singularities relating to the integer and fractional parts of the topological charge (TC) result in dark spots in the upper half of the pressure field profile and a low-intensity stripe in the lower half of the pressure field profile, respectively. The dynamic progress of the FAV is also discussed in detail as TC increases from 1 to 2. With increasing TC from 1 to 1.5, the splitting of the phase singularity leads to the deviation of the phase of the FAV from the integer case and hence a new phase singularity occurs. As TC m increases from 1.5 to 2, two phase singularities of the FAV approach together and finally merge as a new central phase singularity. We further perform an experiment based on the Schlieren method to demonstrate the generation of the FAV.

Radionuclide techniques in criminology. I

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stverak, B.; Kopejtko, J.; Chodora, F.

1978-01-01

Experiments were conducted aimed at testing the possible use of beta radiography for the study of the structures of normal types of paper, banknotes and hand-made paper for graphic art. A large-area 14 C beta emitter in the form of radioactive polymethyl methacrylate was used. In paper, the structure could be studied up to 18 mg/cm 2 in weight. Examples are shown of the radiograms of paper, a polyethylene film, banknotes and a coloured engraving. In banknotes, the watermark appeared clearly and the fine print lines could be seen. In graphics, beta radiography allows the determination of the dimensions of mesh sieve in the hand-made paper manufacture. Also shown were clusters of binders strongly absorbing beta radiation. In coloured graphics different absorption capacity of the individual pigments could be observed. Comparing the colouring of a graphic and the degree of absorption radiographically detected, the type of pigments used can be estimated. The results show that beta radiography may be used as an expertise method in criminology and graphic studies. (J.P.)

The handedness of historiated spiral columns.

Science.gov (United States)

Couzin, Robert

2017-09-01

Trajan's Column in Rome (AD 113) was the model for a modest number of other spiral columns decorated with figural, narrative imagery from antiquity to the present day. Most of these wind upwards to the right, often with a congruent spiral staircase within. A brief introductory consideration of antique screw direction in mechanical devices and fluted columns suggests that the former may have been affected by the handedness of designers and the latter by a preference for symmetry. However, for the historiated columns that are the main focus of this article, the determining factor was likely script direction. The manner in which this operated is considered, as well as competing mechanisms that might explain exceptions. A related phenomenon is the reversal of the spiral in a non-trivial number of reproductions of the antique columns, from Roman coinage to Renaissance and baroque drawings and engravings. Finally, the consistent inattention in academic literature to the spiral direction of historiated columns and the repeated publication of erroneous earlier reproductions warrants further consideration.

Acoustically sticky topographic metasurfaces for underwater sound absorption.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Hunki; Jung, Myungki; Kim, Minsoo; Shin, Ryung; Kang, Shinill; Ohm, Won-Suk; Kim, Yong Tae

2018-03-01

A class of metasurfaces for underwater sound absorption, based on a design principle that maximizes thermoviscous loss, is presented. When a sound meets a solid surface, it leaves a footprint in the form of thermoviscous boundary layers in which energy loss takes place. Considered to be a nuisance, this acoustic to vorticity/entropy mode conversion and the subsequent loss are often ignored in the existing designs of acoustic metamaterials and metasurfaces. The metasurface created is made of a series of topographic meta-atoms, i.e., intaglios and reliefs engraved directly on the solid object to be concealed. The metasurface is acoustically sticky in that it rather facilitates the conversion of the incident sound to vorticity and entropy modes, hence the thermoviscous loss, leading to the desired anechoic property. A prototype metasurface machined on a brass object is tested for its anechoicity, and shows a multitude of absorption peaks as large as unity in the 2-5 MHz range. Computations also indicate that a topographic metasurface is robust to hydrostatic pressure variation, a quality much sought-after in underwater applications.

Time and order estimation of paintings based on visual features and expert priors

Science.gov (United States)

Cabral, Ricardo S.; Costeira, João P.; de La Torre, Fernando; Bernardino, Alexandre; Carneiro, Gustavo

2011-03-01

Time and order are considered crucial information in the art domain, and subject of many research efforts by historians. In this paper, we present a framework for estimating the ordering and date information of paintings and drawings. We formulate this problem as the embedding into a one dimension manifold, which aims to place paintings far or close to each other according to a measure of similarity. Our formulation can be seen as a manifold learning algorithm, albeit properly adapted to deal with existing questions in the art community. To solve this problem, we propose an approach based in Laplacian Eigenmaps and a convex optimization formulation. Both methods are able to incorporate art expertise as priors to the estimation, in the form of constraints. Types of information include exact or approximate dating and partial orderings. We explore the use of soft penalty terms to allow for constraint violation to account for the fact that prior knowledge may contain small errors. Our problem is tested within the scope of the PrintART project, which aims to assist art historians in tracing Portuguese Tile art "Azulejos" back to the engravings that inspired them. Furthermore, we describe other possible applications where time information (and hence, this method) could be of use in art history, fake detection or curatorial treatment.

Ant-cave structured MnCO3/Mn3O4 microcubes by biopolymer-assisted facile synthesis for high-performance pseudocapacitors

Science.gov (United States)

Chandra Sekhar, S.; Nagaraju, Goli; Yu, Jae Su

2018-03-01

Porous and ant-cave structured MnCO3/Mn3O4 microcubes (MCs) were facilely synthesized via a biopolymer-assisted hydrothermal approach. Herein, chitosan was used as a natural biopolymer, which greatly controls the surface morphology and size of the prepared composite. The amino and hydroxyl group-functionalized chitosan engraves the outer surface of MCs during the hydrothermal process, which designs the interesting morphology of nanopath ways on the surface of MCs. When used as an electrode material for pseudocapacitors, the ant-cave structured MnCO3/Mn3O4 MCs showed superior energy storage values compared to the material prepared without chitosan in aqueous electrolyte solution. Precisely, the prepared ant-cave structured MnCO3/Mn3O4 MCs exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 116.2 F/g at a current density of 0.7 A/g with an excellent cycling stability of 73.86% after 2000 cycles. Such facile and low-cost synthesis of pseudocapacitive materials with porous nanopaths is favorable for the fabrication of high-performance energy storage devices.

Monitoring of pipelines in nuclear power plants by measuring laser-based mechanical impedance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Hyeonseok; Sohn, Hoon; Yang, Suyoung; Yang, Jinyeol

2014-01-01

Using laser-based mechanical impedance (LMI) measurement, this study proposes a damage detection technique that enables structural health monitoring of pipelines under the high temperature and radioactive environments of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The applications of conventional electromechanical impedance (EMI) based techniques to NPPs have been limited, mainly due to the contact nature of piezoelectric transducers, which cannot survive under the high temperature and high radiation environments of NPPs. The proposed LMI measurement technique aims to tackle the limitations of the EMI techniques by utilizing noncontact laser beams for both ultrasound generation and sensing. An Nd:Yag pulse laser is used for ultrasound generation, and a laser Doppler vibrometer is employed for the measurement of the corresponding ultrasound responses. For the monitoring of pipes covered by insulation layers, this study utilizes optical fibers to guide the laser beams to specific target locations. Then, an outlier analysis is adopted for autonomous damage diagnosis. Validation of the proposed LMI technique is carried out on a carbon steel pipe elbow under varying temperatures. A corrosion defect chemically engraved in the specimen is successfully detected. (papers)

Monitoring of pipelines in nuclear power plants by measuring laser-based mechanical impedance

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Hyeonseok; Sohn, Hoon; Yang, Suyoung; Yang, Jinyeol

2014-06-01

Using laser-based mechanical impedance (LMI) measurement, this study proposes a damage detection technique that enables structural health monitoring of pipelines under the high temperature and radioactive environments of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The applications of conventional electromechanical impedance (EMI) based techniques to NPPs have been limited, mainly due to the contact nature of piezoelectric transducers, which cannot survive under the high temperature and high radiation environments of NPPs. The proposed LMI measurement technique aims to tackle the limitations of the EMI techniques by utilizing noncontact laser beams for both ultrasound generation and sensing. An Nd:Yag pulse laser is used for ultrasound generation, and a laser Doppler vibrometer is employed for the measurement of the corresponding ultrasound responses. For the monitoring of pipes covered by insulation layers, this study utilizes optical fibers to guide the laser beams to specific target locations. Then, an outlier analysis is adopted for autonomous damage diagnosis. Validation of the proposed LMI technique is carried out on a carbon steel pipe elbow under varying temperatures. A corrosion defect chemically engraved in the specimen is successfully detected.

A New Type of Inscribed Copper Plate from Indus Valley (Harappan Civilisation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vasant Shinde

2014-10-01

Full Text Available A group of nine Indus Valley copper plates (c. 2600–2000 BC, discovered from private collections in Pakistan, appear to be of an important type not previously described. The plates are significantly larger and more robust than those comprising the corpus of known copper plates or tablets, and most significantly differ in being inscribed with mirrored characters. One of the plates bears 34 characters, which is the longest known single Indus script inscription. Examination of the plates with x-ray fluorescence (XRF spectrophotometry indicates metal compositions, including arsenical copper, consistent with Indus Valley technology. Microscopy of the metal surface and internal structure reveals detail such as pitting, microcrystalline structure, and corrosion, consistent with ancient cast copper artifacts. Given the relative fineness of the engraving, it is hypothesised that the copper plates were not used as seals, but have characteristics consistent with use in copper plate printing. As such, it is possible that these copper plates are by far the earliest known printing devices, being at least 4000 years old.

A sapphire monolithic differential accelerometer as core sensor for gravity gradiometric geophysical instrumentation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. Mango

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Gradiometric gravimetry is a survey technique widely used in geological structure investigation. This work demonstrates the feasibility of a new class of low frequency accelerometers for geodynamics studies and space applications. We present the design features of a new low noise single-axis differential accelerometer; the sensor is suitable to be used in a Gravity Gradiometer (GG system for land geophysical survey and gravity gradient measurements. A resolution of 1 Eötvös (1 Eö=10?9s?2 at one sample per second is achievable in a compact, lightweight (less than 2 kg portable instrument, operating at room temperature. The basic components of the sensor are two identical rigidly connected accelerometers separated by a 15-cm baseline vector and the useful signal is extracted as the subtraction of the two outputs, by means of an interferometric microwave readout system. The structure will be engraved in a monocrystal of sapphire by means of Computer-Numerically-Controlled (CNC ultrasonic machining: the material was chosen because of its unique mix of outstanding mechanical and dielectric properties.

Flexible transparent conducting films with embedded silver networks composed of bimodal-sized nanoparticles for heater application

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Ji Sun; Song, Yookyung; Park, Daseul; Kim, Yeon-Won; Kim, Yoon Jin

2018-06-01

A facile one-pot synthetic method for preparing the Ag nanoparticle inks with a bimodal size distribution was newly devised and they were successfully employed as a conducting filler to form the metal-mesh type transparent conducting electrodes on the flexible substrate. Bimodal-sized Ag nanoparticles were synthesized through the polyol process, and their size variation was occurred via finely tuned composition ratio between Ag+ ions and polymeric capping agents. The prepared bimodal-sized Ag nanoparticles exhibited the form of well-dispersed Ag nanoparticle inks without adding any dispersants and dispersion process. By filling the patterned micro-channels engraved on the flexible polymer substrate using a bimodal-sized Ag nanoparticle ink, a metal-mesh type transparent electrode (transmittance: 90% at 550 nm, haze: 1.5, area: 8 × 8 cm2) was fabricated. By applying DC voltage to the mesh type electrode, a flexible transparent joule heater was successfully achieved with a performance of 4.5 °C s‑1 heat-up rate at a low input power density.

[Ella-cross, a Scanian amulet].

Science.gov (United States)

Björnberg, Alf; Tegner, Eva

2006-01-01

An Ella-cross is an amulet of a special type dated back to the period of the late 1700s to the early 1800s, stemming from the Scania region in Sweden, the southernmost part of the country. It has not before been studied systematically. The investigation reported here concerned 125 crosses of this type, most of them from various institutions in Scania. The amulets are for the most part quite similar in appearance, consisting of a thin round silver plate 2 - 4 centimeters in diameter on which a cross with four arms of equal length, usually of the anchor type, is engraved, together with a Jesus monogram (IHS and I.N.R.I.) and a plea for "help", lettered in the spelling of the time. An Ella-cross was worn under one's clothing in direct contact with the skin throughout one's life, following its wearer into the grave. It was to protect one from Ellen's diseases (caused by the Neck, an evil water spirit) and also from misfortune and evil.

Electron Beam curing of intaglio inks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Brien, T.

1984-01-01

Press trials conducted by the US Bureau of Engraving and Printing at the National Bank of Denmark in September 8-21, 1982, clearly indicated the feasibility of Electron Beam (EB) curing for web intaglio printing. These trials, some at continuous press runs of up to six hours, gave positive results for virtually all our requirements including: print quality, press speeds, ability to print both sides of the web on one pass through a press, acceptable ink curing at one megarad or less, and minimum substrate deterioration or loss of moisture. In addition, these trials demonstrated many advantages over thermal curing which is the only other alternative to two sided printing in one pass through the press. These advantages can be found in product quality, a cleaner environment, and in economics. This development program is still in progress with efforts now directed towards adapting EB ink technology to the latest developments in intaglio printing, i.e. aqueous cylinder wiping which requires EB inks to be water dispersable. Also the stability of materials in contact with EB inks is being investigated

Electron beam curing of intaglio inks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

O'Brien, T.

1985-01-01

Press trials conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing at the National Bank of Denmark clearly indicated the feasibility of Electron Beam (E.B.) curing for web intaglio printing . These trials, some at continuous press runs of up to six hours, gave positive results for virtually all our requirements including: print quality, press speeds, ability to print both sides of the web on one pass through a press, acceptable ink curing at one megarad or less, and minimum substrate deterioration or loss of moisture. In addition, these trials demonstrated many advantages over thermal curing which is the only other alternative to two sided printing in one pass through the press. These advantages can be found in product quality, a cleaner environment, and in economics. This development program is still in progress with efforts now directed towards adapting E.B. ink technology to the latest developments in intaglio printing, i.e. aqueous cylinder wiping which requires E.B. inks to be water dispersable. Also the stability of materials in contact with E.B. inks is being investigated. (author)

Electronic resonances in broadband stimulated Raman spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Batignani, G.; Pontecorvo, E.; Giovannetti, G.; Ferrante, C.; Fumero, G.; Scopigno, T.

2016-01-01

Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy is a formidable tool to probe molecular vibrations. Under electronic resonance conditions, the cross section can be selectively enhanced enabling structural sensitivity to specific chromophores and reaction centers. The addition of an ultrashort, broadband femtosecond pulse to the excitation field allows for coherent stimulation of diverse molecular vibrations. Within such a scheme, vibrational spectra are engraved onto a highly directional field, and can be heterodyne detected overwhelming fluorescence and other incoherent signals. At variance with spontaneous resonance Raman, however, interpreting the spectral information is not straightforward, due to the manifold of field interactions concurring to the third order nonlinear response. Taking as an example vibrational spectra of heme proteins excited in the Soret band, we introduce a general approach to extract the stimulated Raman excitation profiles from complex spectral lineshapes. Specifically, by a quantum treatment of the matter through density matrix description of the third order nonlinear polarization, we identify the contributions which generate the Raman bands, by taking into account for the cross section of each process.

Ulva Lactuca

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Peri Rossi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available She looked loathingly at the spoon. It was a metal spoon, dark, with a small engraving on its handle – a sharp taste. “Open your mouth, slowly, eaaaasy, like a little birdie in its nest,” he said, bringing the spoon to her mouth. He hated spoons; they had seemed despicable little things since he was small. Why did he now find himself having to wield it, full of soup, having to usher it now into this young child’s mouth, as his parents had done to him, as surely as his parents’ parents had also done? If they even had spoons then, if some fool had already invented them. He had to find himself an encyclopedia and figure out when the first spoon had been forged; he had to get his hands on an encyclopedia, a source of infinite knowledge by which he might survive. Spoon: A piece of silverware with a concave scoop at its end; typically used for carrying liquids to the mouth.

Modification of 3D milling machine to 3D printer

OpenAIRE

Taska, Abraham

2014-01-01

Tato práce se zabývá přestavbou gravírovací frézky na 3D tiskárnu. V první části se práce zabývá možnými technologiemi 3D tisku a možností jejich využití u přestavby. Dále jsou popsány a vybrány vhodné součásti pro přestavbu. V další části je realizováno řízení ohřevu podložky, trysky a řízení posuvu drátu pomocí softwaru TwinCat od společnosti Beckhoff na průmyslovém počítači. Výsledkem práce by měla být oživená 3D tiskárna. This thesis deals with rebuilding of engraving machine to 3D pri...

Experimental and theoretical study of Bragg-Fresnel focalizing optical systems engraved on multi layers interferential mirrors adapted to X and X-UV fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Idir, M.

1995-02-01

This work concerns the study of a particular type of X-ray focusing optics known as Bragg-Fresnel lenses, formed through ion-etching of multilayered structures. Using the Super-ACO (LURE/Orsay) synchrotron storage ring, we tested several Bragg-Fresnel lenses having either linear or elliptical geometries (producing a line or a point focus, respectively). Diffraction profiles were first obtained for the linear lenses ion-etched on W/Si multilayers of nano-metric period. The experimental results were compared with our theoretical predictions. We next proposed and tested a solution to the problem superposing the different diffraction orders in the focal plane, that of fabricating Bragg-Fresnel lenses with an off-axis configuration, first for the linear and then the elliptical geometry. An experimental application, for an off-axis elliptical lens produced a focused X-ray spot of 5 x 10 microns 2 for the Super-ACO synchrotron source. The same lens also produced a 1/3-size X-ray image of a grid-like object at 1750 eV using the first and third diffraction orders. (author)

Commercial and industrial applications of color ink jet: a technological perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Dunand, Alain

1996-03-01

In just 5 years, color ink-jet has become the dominant technology for printing color images and graphics in the office and home markets. In commercial printing, the traditional printing processes are being influenced by new digital techniques. Color ink-jet proofing, and concepts such as computer to film/plate or digital processes are contributing to the evolution of the industry. In industrial color printing, the penetration of digital techniques is just beginning. All widely used conventional contact printing technologies involve mechanical printing forms including plates, screens or engraved cylinders. Such forms, which need to be newly created and set up for each job, increase costs. In our era of fast changing customer demands, growing needs for customization, and increasing use of digital exchange of information, the commercial and industrial printing markets represent an enormous potential for digital printing technologies. The adoption characteristics for the use of color ink-jet in these industries are discussed. Examples of color ink-jet applications in the fields of billboard printing, floor/wall covering decoration, and textile printing are described. The requirements on print quality, productivity, reliability, substrate compatibility, and color lead to the consideration of various types of ink-jet technologies. Key technical enabling factors and directions for future improvements are presented.

[Pierre Pomet (1658-1699) and his Histoire des drogues (History of drugs) (1694 & 1735)].

Science.gov (United States)

Bonnemain, Bruno

2016-09-01

Pierre Pomet is a Parisian, but as all great botanists, he liked travelling and bringing back sample of drugs that he was ultimately showing during his course at the Jardin des Plantes (Royal Herbs garden in Paris). Member of druggists and groceries storekeepers’ Community, he was not allowed to establish himself as an apothecary in Paris. It is as drug expert that he wrote and published in 1694 his “General History of Drugs, concerning herbs, animals and minerals, book enriched with more than 400 copper-plate engravings designed from nature : with explanations of their various names, their countries of origin, the way to differentiate them from falsified ones, and their properties, where one can see the errors coming from Ancients and modern writers ; the whole being very useful for the public”. This book was translated into English in 1712 and German in 1717. It is part of the reference books of the 17th century for pharmacy. In his introduction, Pierre Pomet explains that his goal is to avoid for drugs errors and falsifications that very frequent at that time. The book is then dedicated not only to physicians, apothecaries or students, etc., but also to all that used drugs.

When ancestral heritage is a source of discomfort: culture, pre-object relatedness, and self-alienation.

Science.gov (United States)

Kradin, Richard L

2012-04-01

The ancestral claims on an individual can evoke mental conflict when they involve separating from an ethnic group whose beliefs and customs are devalued by the dominant culture. However, these claims are engraved on the psyche early in development by caretakers to the level of pre-object relatedness, where contents and affect tones are implicit and may be unavailable for later psychoanalytical interventions. In addition, as the anthropologist Clifford Geertz notes, one's culture of origin precedes the development of psyche and creates its own set of claims that must be renegotiated when one encounters a different domain of cultural symbols, a confrontation that can produce psychological dissonance and self-alienation. In this paper, three cases are examined in which mental conflicts were evoked by attempts at divesting ancestral claims in response to conscious efforts to assimilate into the dominant culture. These patients suffered from separation guilt and unstable self-esteem and reported dream imagery suggesting psychological imbalance. The requirement to carefully delineate the ancestral claims on psyche as well as those contents and affects that may not be accessible to therapeutic intervention is emphasized, and the importance of compromise and acceptance with respect to the psychological demands of the unconscious are considered. 2012, The Society of Analytical Psychology.

Reporting on What Jane Saw 2.0: Female Celebrity and Sensationalism in Boydell’s Shakespeare Gallery

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janine Barchas

2015-03-01

Full Text Available This essay reports on ongoing efforts to build an accurate digital model of John Boydell’s popular Shakespeare Gallery precisely as it looked in August 1796—when a 20-year-old Jane Austen visited London’s sites, staying within a ten-minute walk from the gallery. The essay argues for the substantial difference between studying Boydell’s pictures in a paper volume (whether as lists, illustrations in books, or engraved folio plates and viewing them as an exhibition of paintings on walls, albeit virtual ones. For example, the digital reconstruction illuminated commissions from several female participants in Boydell’s male-dominated gallery, especially Angelica Kauffman (1741-1807 and Anne Seymour Damer (1749-1828. In addition, the essay also recounts how the celebrity of model Emma Hart/Hamilton (1765-1815 safeguarded one Boydell painting from oblivion while The Shakespeare Gallery proved the site of a strange form of self-promotion practiced by actress Mary Wells (1762-1829. Our digital visualization of an historic exhibition in 1796 brought the controversial celebrity of a few women artists into focus. In sum, this essay shows DH methodology in action while sampling what might be gleaned when digital tools serve historical scholarship in the humanities.

By All Means Necessary – 2.5D and 3D Recording of Surfaces in the Study of Southern Scandinavian Rock Art

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Horn Christian

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Southern Scandinavia is Europe’s richest region in terms of figurative rock art. It is imperative to document this cultural heritage for future generations. To achieve this, researchers need to use the most objective recording methods available in order to eliminate human error and bias in the documentation. The ability to collect more data is better, not only for documentation, but also for research purposes. Recent years have seen the wider introduction of image based 2.5D and 3D modelling of rock art surfaces. These methods are Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI, Structure from Motion (SfM, and Optical Laser Scanning (OLS. Importantly, these approaches record depth difference and the structure of engraved lines. Therefore, they have clear advantages over older methods such as frottage (rubbings and tracing. Based on a number of short case studies, this paper argues that 2.5D and 3D methods should be used as a standard documentation techniques, but not in an exclusionary manner. The best documentation, enabling preservation and high-quality research, should employ all methods. Approaching rock art with all the research tools available we can re-appraise older documentation as well as investigate individual action and the transformation of rock art.

Alcohol and the young child.

Science.gov (United States)

Bradford, D E

1984-01-01

With the increasing availability of alcohol in modern times, the child neglect and abuse portrayed in Hogarth's engraving Gin Lane may once again be witnessed. Reports occur occasionally of alcohol being given deliberately to infants to quieten them, but alcohol poisoning in the slightly older child is not uncommon. The introduction of child-proof containers has altered poisoning figures recently. However, alcohol poisoning tends to occur at ages 3 and 4, that is, about 2 years after the peak of all poisonings in children. This difference may be an indication that alcohol is taken in imitation of parents' drinking, a suggestion which has some support from reported cases of mouthwash poisoning. Holidays and high days where children and alcohol mix, are potentially dangerous periods. Since alcohol poisoning can be fatal, yet if recognised is relatively easily managed, every child with the slightest degree of drowsiness should be suspect until proven or not by blood alcohol. The prevention of alcohol poisoning in the young child consists in protecting the alcohol by lock and key, not setting an example by drinking or gargling in front of children. Many substances such as mouthwash and perfume should also be under supervision. Once actual poisoning has occurred blood sugar is probably more important than the level of blood ethanol and blood sugar levels should be monitored frequently and the child treated with glucose, preferably intravenously.

Science.gov (United States)

Cribier, B

2017-01-01

Atopic dermatitis has been described under many names before the XXth century, and first illustrated in the early XIXth century. This article presents historical images from the first volumes of Robert Willan to the Pratique dermatologique, the first encyclopedy published in 1900. Many accurate clinical descriptions of the disease can be found in the early treaties of dermatology, including the one published by Thomas Carrere in 1740. Since then, Alibert and Rayer in France, Hebra and Neumann in Vienna and Duhring and Fox in the USA illustrated their atlases with spectacular images of adults or children suffering from AD, or from other diseases that might have been considered as eczema infantile. Color engravings, color lithographs and black and white photographs showed with an increasing precision the semiology of AD, in the context of artistic representations of high quality, that have not been surpassed by modern photographs. At the beginning of the XXth century the clinical presentation, the course and heredity of the disease were perfectly established, introducing a new era of research in physiopathology and treatment in the following decades. © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.

Transfer coating by electron initiated polymerization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nablo, S.V.

1984-01-01

The high speed and depth of cure possible with electron initiated monomer/oligomer coating systems provide many new opportunities for approaches to product finishing. Moreover, the use of transfer or cast coating using films or metallic surfaces offers the ability to precisely control the surface topology of liquid film surfaces during polymerization. Transfer coating such as with textiles has been a commercial process for many years and the synergistic addition of EB technology permits the manufacture of unusual new products. One of these, the casting paper used in the manufacture of vinyl and urethane fabrics, is the first EB application to use a drum surface for pattern replication in the coating. In this case the coated paper is cured against, and then released from, an engraved drum surface. Recent developments in the use of plastic films for transfer have been applied to the manufacture of transfer metallized and coated paper and paperboard products for packaging. Details of these and related processes are presented as well as a discussion of the typical product areas (e.g. photographic papers, release papers, magnetic media) using this high speed transfer technology

Inmissores tempestatum in Hispania in Late antiquity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Antonio Jiménez Sánchez

2018-01-01

Full Text Available In this work we study the belief in the existence of tempestarii or inmissores tempestatum in Hispania in Late Antiquity. Despite the scarcity of sources on this subject, those that do exist suggest that, in the Iberian Peninsula, people believed individuals to be capable of causing storms with their own will. The sources in question include two Chindaswinth laws, which express the authorities’ concerns over “storm-makers” capable of ruining the crops of others. In addition, two epigraphic testimonies, reproducing magic formulae engraved on slate (with an imprecise date between the 8th and 10th centuries suggest the presence in Hispania of the defensores mentioned by Agobard of Lyon in the Frankish Kingdom, magicians who claimed to know how to move storms away from the fields. These scarce sources can be complemented by information from Frankish Gaul sources, and particularly the aforementioned Agobard. Finally, we consider how the Church sought to combat these beliefs, appropriating and adapting them to its own thought, and replacing the evil spirits that caused storms with Satan and his demons, and the divinities that protected the fields with Christian saints and angels.

A 36,000-Year-Old Volcanic Eruption Depicted in the Chauvet-Pont d'Arc Cave (Ardèche, France)?

Science.gov (United States)

Nomade, Sébastien; Genty, Dominique; Sasco, Romain; Scao, Vincent; Féruglio, Valérie; Baffier, Dominique; Guillou, Hervé; Bourdier, Camille; Valladas, Hélène; Reigner, Edouard; Debard, Evelyne; Pastre, Jean-François; Geneste, Jean-Michel

2016-01-01

Among the paintings and engravings found in the Chauvet-Pont d'Arc cave (Ardèche, France), several peculiar spray-shape signs have been previously described in the Megaloceros Gallery. Here we document the occurrence of strombolian volcanic activity located 35 km northwest of the cave, and visible from the hills above the cave entrance. The volcanic eruptions were dated, using 40Ar/39Ar, between 29 ± 10 ka and 35 ± 8 ka (2σ), which overlaps with the 14C AMS and thermoluminescence ages of the first Aurignacian occupations of the cave in the Megaloceros Gallery. Our work provides the first evidence of an intense volcanic activity between 40 and 30 ka in the Bas-Vivarais region, and it is very likely that Humans living in the Ardèche river area witnessed one or several eruptions. We propose that the spray-shape signs found in the Chauvet-Pont d'Arc cave could be the oldest known depiction of a volcanic eruption, predating by more than 34 ka the description by Pliny the Younger of the Vesuvius eruption (AD 79) and by 28 ka the Çatalhöyük mural discovered in central Turkey.

A learned artisan debates the system of the world: Le Clerc versus Mallemant de Messange.

Science.gov (United States)

Rabinovitch, Oded

2017-12-01

Sébastien Le Clerc (1637-1714) was the most renowned engraver of Louis XIV's France. For the history of scientific publishing, however, Le Clerc represents a telling paradox. Even though he followed a traditional route based on classic artisanal training, he also published extensively on scientific topics such as cosmology and mathematics. While contemporary scholarship usually stresses the importance of artisanal writing as a direct expression of artisanal experience and know-how, Le Clerc's publications, and specifically the work on cosmology in his Système du monde (1706-1708), go far beyond this. By reconstructing the debate between Le Clerc and the professor Mallemant de Messange on the authorship of this 'system of the world', this article argues that Le Clerc's involvement in publishing ventures shaped his identity both as an artisan and as a scientific author. Whereas the Scientific Revolution supposedly heralded a change from the world of 'more or less' to the 'world of precision', this article shows how an artisan could be more 'precise' than the learned scholar whose claims he disputed, and points to the importance of the literary field as a useful lens for observing the careers of early modern scientific practitioners.

[The fate of the wood of the Fabrica of 1543].

Science.gov (United States)

Chevallier, Jacques; Neidhardt, Jean-Christophe

2014-01-01

Destiny of the wood blocks which have been used for engraving of illustrations of 1543 edition of the Fabrica is really outstanding. Several times lost and found again, they were transported over Europe in a surprising conservation state, for more than four centuries. Made by the famous Venitian wood-cutters, the blocks cross the Alps to join up Basel in Switzerland and Joannes Oporinus, the printer. Felix Platter uses 48 Vesalian wood-blocks for his own treaty in 1583. These blocks reappear in Augsburg in 1706, at the printer Andreas Maschenbauer's; they are found again by Von Wollter from Ingolstadt: they are used to illustrate Leveling's anatomy book in 1781 and 1783. Ingolstadt university and the blocks will be transferred to Landshut because of Napoleon's war, then to Munich in 1826. But in 1892 147 blocks are found again in the library; and are forgotten again. Forty years after, 230 blocks are discovered again! Icones anatomicae represent the last and fabulous edition made in 1934. The Second World War closes this epic with the library fire on July 13th 1944: none of these precious blocks remains today.

CO2 Laser-Based Rapid Prototyping of Micropumps

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zachary Strike

2018-05-01

Full Text Available The fabrication of microdevices for fluidic control often requires the use of flexible diaphragms in a way that requires cleanroom equipment and compromises performance. We use a CO 2 laser to perform the standard ablative techniques of cutting and engraving materials, but we also apply a method that we call laser placement. This allows us to fabricate precisely-positioned and precisely-sized, isolated diaphragms. This in turn enables the rapid prototyping of integrated multilayer microfluidic devices to form complex structures without the need for manual positioning or cleanroom equipment. The fabrication process is also remarkably rapid and capable of being scaled to manufacturing levels of production. We explore the use of these devices to construct a compact system of peristaltic pumps that can form water in oil droplets without the use of the non-pulsatile pumping systems typically required. Many devices can be fabricated at a time on a sheet by sheet basis with a fabrication process that, to our knowledge, is the fastest reported to date for devices of this type (requiring only 3 h. Moreover, this system is unusually compact and self-contained.

El reconocimiento del arte mobilar cantábrico : la aportación del H. Alcalde del Río

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ignacio Barandiarán Maestu

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Se presenta el primer reconocimiento del arte mobiliar cantábrico por H. Alcalde del Río: obras muy importantes recuperadas en sus excavaciones de las cuevas de Altamira (1904 y Hornos de la Peña (con J. Bouyssonie, H. Breuil y H. Obermaier, en 1909-1910. Se analizan sus interpretaciones (publicadas en 1906 y 1911 por Alcalde del Río y H. Breuil para asentar la aproximación arte mobiliar/arte rupestre en tres casos: las figuras de signos cerrados; las figuras de ciervas de trazo estriado; el estilo de las figuras animales ‘auriñacienses’.We introduce the earliest recognition of Cantabrian portable art by H. Alcalde del Río: the very important art pieces retrieved at his excavations at the caves of Altamira (1904 and Hornos de la Peña (alongwith J. Bouyssonie, H. Breuil y H. Obermaier, in 1909-1910. Their interpretations (published in 1906 and 1911 by Alcalde del Río and H. Breuil in order to fix the relationships between portable and rock art are analysed: the closed signs (tectiformes; the hind figures of multiple engravings; and the “aurignacian” style.

Micromachining of semiconductor by femtosecond laser for integrated circuit defect analysis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Halbwax, M. [Laboratoire LP3 CNRS UMR 6182, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Case 917, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille (France); Sarnet, T. [Laboratoire LP3 CNRS UMR 6182, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Case 917, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille (France)], E-mail: sarnet@lp3.univ-mrs.fr; Hermann, J.; Delaporte, Ph.; Sentis, M. [Laboratoire LP3 CNRS UMR 6182, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Case 917, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille (France); Fares, L.; Haller, G. [STMicroelectronics, 190 Avenue Celestin Coq, ZI, 13106 Rousset Cedex (France)

2007-12-15

The latest International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) has highlighted the detection and analysis of defects in Integrated Circuits (IC) as a major challenge faced by the semiconductor industry. Advanced tools used today for defect cross sectioning include dual beams (focused ion- and electron-beam technologies) with resolution down to the sub-Angstrom level. However ion milling an IC with a FIB is time consuming because of the need to open wide cavities in front of the cross-sections that need to be analyzed. Therefore the use of a femtosecond laser as a tool for direct material removal is discussed in this paper. Experiments were performed on IC structures to reveal the different layers of fabrication: selective or total ablation can occur depending on the laser energy density, without delamination of the layers. Different laser irradiation conditions like pressure (air, vacuum), polarization, beam shaping, and scanning parameters have been used to produce different types of cavities. The femtosecond laser engraving of silicon-based structures could be useful for cross-sectioning devices but also for other applications like direct-write lithography, photomask repair, maskless implantation or reverse engineering/restructuring.

Embossing of optical document security devices

Science.gov (United States)

Muke, Sani

2004-06-01

Embossing in the transparent window area of polymer banknotes, such as those seen on the Australian, New Zealand and Romanian currencies, have enormous potential for the development of novel optical security devices. The intaglio printing process can provide an efficient means for embossing of optical security structures such as micro lenses. Embossed micro lens arrays in the transparent window of a polymer banknote can be folded over a corresponding printed image array elsewhere on the note to reveal a series of moire magnified images. Analysis of samples of embossed micro lenses showed that the engraving side and impression side had a similar embossed profile. The embossed micro lens profiles were modelled using Optalix-LX commercial optical ray tracing software in order to determine the focal length of the lenses and compare with the focal length of desired embossed lenses. A fundamental understanding of how the polymer deforms during the embossing process is critical towards developing a micro lens embossing tool which can achieve the desired embossed micro lenses. This work also looks at extending the early research of the Intaglio Research Group (IRG) to better understand the embossibility of polymer substrates such as biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP).

Micromachining of semiconductor by femtosecond laser for integrated circuit defect analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Halbwax, M.; Sarnet, T.; Hermann, J.; Delaporte, Ph.; Sentis, M.; Fares, L.; Haller, G.

2007-01-01

The latest International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) has highlighted the detection and analysis of defects in Integrated Circuits (IC) as a major challenge faced by the semiconductor industry. Advanced tools used today for defect cross sectioning include dual beams (focused ion- and electron-beam technologies) with resolution down to the sub-Angstrom level. However ion milling an IC with a FIB is time consuming because of the need to open wide cavities in front of the cross-sections that need to be analyzed. Therefore the use of a femtosecond laser as a tool for direct material removal is discussed in this paper. Experiments were performed on IC structures to reveal the different layers of fabrication: selective or total ablation can occur depending on the laser energy density, without delamination of the layers. Different laser irradiation conditions like pressure (air, vacuum), polarization, beam shaping, and scanning parameters have been used to produce different types of cavities. The femtosecond laser engraving of silicon-based structures could be useful for cross-sectioning devices but also for other applications like direct-write lithography, photomask repair, maskless implantation or reverse engineering/restructuring

Retratos de Españoles ilustres con un epítome de sus vidas. Orígenes y gestación de una empresa ilustrada

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Molina, Álvaro

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Published from the early 1790s in order to celebrate the memory of the great heroes of the nation, the Españoles ilustres series is one of the most ambitious projects of the Age of Enlightenment in the field of engraving. This article provides unpublished documentation and new information regarding the conception of the project, the international references that served as models and the complete dating of the sales for the various installments of the series.Publicada a partir de la década de los años noventa con el fin de celebrar la memoria de los grandes héroes de la nación, la colección de Retratos de Españoles ilustres es una de las empresas al servicio del grabado más ambiciosas del siglo de las Luces. Este artículo aporta documentación inédita y nuevas noticias respecto a su concepción, los referentes internacionales que le sirvieron como modelo y la datación de la venta de todos los cuadernos de la serie.

Patterned layers of adsorbed extracellular matrix proteins: influence on mammalian cell adhesion.

Science.gov (United States)

Dupont-Gillain, C C; Alaerts, J A; Dewez, J L; Rouxhet, P G

2004-01-01

Three patterned systems aiming at the control of mammalian cell behavior are presented. The determinant feature common to these systems is the spatial distribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (mainly collagen) on polymer substrates. This distribution differs from one system to another with respect to the scale at which it is affected, from the supracellular to the supramolecular scale, and with respect to the way it is produced. In the first system, the surface of polystyrene was oxidized selectively to form micrometer-scale patterns, using photolithography. Adsorption of ECM proteins in presence of a competitor was enhanced on the oxidized domains, allowing selective cell adhesion to be achieved. In the second system, electron beam lithography was used to engrave grooves (depth and width approximately 1 microm) on a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substratum. No modification of the surface chemistry associated to the created topography could be detected. Cell orientation along the grooves was only observed when collagen was preadsorbed on the substratum. In the third system, collagen adsorbed on PMMA was dried in conditions ensuring the formation of a nanometer-scale pattern. Cell adhesion was enhanced on such patterned collagen layers compared to smooth collagen layers.

Humans and mice express similar olfactory preferences.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nathalie Mandairon

Full Text Available In humans, the pleasantness of odors is a major contributor to social relationships and food intake. Smells evoke attraction and repulsion responses, reflecting the hedonic value of the odorant. While olfactory preferences are known to be strongly modulated by experience and learning, it has been recently suggested that, in humans, the pleasantness of odors may be partly explained by the physicochemical properties of the odorant molecules themselves. If odor hedonic value is indeed predetermined by odorant structure, then it could be hypothesized that other species will show similar odor preferences to humans. Combining behavioral and psychophysical approaches, we here show that odorants rated as pleasant by humans were also those which, behaviorally, mice investigated longer and human subjects sniffed longer, thereby revealing for the first time a component of olfactory hedonic perception conserved across species. Consistent with this, we further show that odor pleasantness rating in humans and investigation time in mice were both correlated with the physicochemical properties of the molecules, suggesting that olfactory preferences are indeed partly engraved in the physicochemical structure of the odorant. That odor preferences are shared between mammal species and are guided by physicochemical features of odorant stimuli strengthens the view that odor preference is partially predetermined. These findings open up new perspectives for the study of the neural mechanisms of hedonic perception.

Ashoka : el gran soberano del Imperio Maurya

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Teresa Román López

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Ashoka (268-239 a.C. fue el tercer monarca de la dinastía Maurya. Sus edictos y las inscripciones grabadas en rocas o pilares ubicados en varias partes de su reino nos familiarizan no solamente con la personalidad de uno de los gobernantes más importantes de la historia de la India, sino también con los acontecimientos de su reinado. Acaso el más conocido de ellos sea su conversión al budismo. Promovió la labor misionera budista, que rebasó las fronteras extendiéndose por otros países, sobre todo por el sudeste asiático.Ashoka (268-239 a. C. was the third King of the Maurya dinasty. His edicts and the inscriptions engraved on the rocks or pilars placed in several parts of his reign show as not only the personality of one of the most important goberning in the Indian History, but also the events of his Kingdom. Perhaps the most known of them is his conversión to Budism: The prometed the budish missionary labor that crossed the frontiers to another countryes, overcoat througt the Asían south east.

El empleo de armamento como elemento de aporte cronológico al arte rupestre postpaleolítico del Cerro de San Isidro (Domingo García, Segovia = The Use of Weapons as an Element of Chronological Contribution the Post-Paleolithic Rock Art in the Cerro...

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hipólito Pecci Tenrero

2016-12-01

Full Text Available La dificultad que entraña el establecimiento de una horquilla cronológica, más o menos determinada, para ubicar la estación de arte rupestre postpaleolítico de Domingo García (Segovia en una época concreta, pues hasta el momento las técnicas empleadas para el estudio de los centenares de grabados son infructuosas, ha hecho que se lleve a cabo un análisis interno de las imágenes que se exhiben portando algún tipo de arma, en busca de información que pueda arrojar luz sobre el período aproximado en que fueron esculpidas en los paneles de los afloramientos rocosos.Since it is difficult to establish a precise chronological range, in order to place in a particular period station rock art post-Paleolithic Domingo García (Segovia, Spain, and so far the techniques used to study hundreds of engravings have not borne fruit, it has made it conducted an internal analysis of the images that can carry some sort of weapon, looking for information that could shed light on the approximate period in which were carved panels rocky outcrops.

Pierre-Jean Mariette, enlightened art connoisseur and scholar of art history

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ingrid R. Vermeulen

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Review of Mariette and the Science of the Connoisseur in Eighteenth-Century Europe by Kristel Smentek, Farnham: Ashgate, 2014. In her book Smentek brings back to life the rich scope of economic and scholarly activities and social ambitions employed by the art dealer and collector of European renown, Jean-Pierre Mariette (1694-1774. By concentrating on the various artistic media in which he was primarily involved, she each time singles out an aspect of Mariette’s expertise. Economic and social shrewdness in the case of printmaking, the very core of his art connoisseurship in the case of drawing, and his art-historical scholarship in the case of gem engraving. In spite of the diverse connections she here creates between artistic medium and expertise, Smentek makes abundantly clear that the scientific method of art connoisseurship was underlying the employment of all these artistic media, which favoured empirical analysis in the historical understanding of art. She thereby makes a highly convincing case of the ways in which Mariette’s practices changed the terms in which the artistic past was scrutinized. On this basis it seems only logical to further research the impact of Mariette’s practices on art-scholarly projects initiated elsewhere in Europe and the ways it contributed to the emergence of art history as a modern discipline.

Durability of switchable QR code carriers under hydrolytic and photolytic conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ecker, Melanie; Pretsch, Thorsten

2013-01-01

Following a guest diffusion approach, the surface of a shape memory poly(ester urethane) (PEU) was either black or blue colored. Bowtie-shaped quick response (QR) code carriers were then obtained from laser engraving and cutting, before thermo-mechanical functionalization (programming) was applied to stabilize the PEU in a thermo-responsive (switchable) state. The stability of the dye within the polymer surface and long-term functionality of the polymer were investigated against UVA and hydrolytic ageing. Spectrophotometric investigations verified UVA ageing-related color shifts from black to yellow-brownish and blue to petrol-greenish whereas hydrolytically aged samples changed from black to greenish and blue to light blue. In the case of UVA ageing, color changes were accompanied by dye decolorization, whereas hydrolytic ageing led to contrast declines due to dye diffusion. The Michelson contrast could be identified as an effective tool to follow ageing-related contrast changes between surface-dyed and laser-ablated (undyed) polymer regions. As soon as the Michelson contrast fell below a crucial value of 0.1 due to ageing, the QR code was no longer decipherable with a scanning device. Remarkably, the PEU information carrier base material could even then be adequately fixed and recovered. Hence, the surface contrast turned out to be the decisive parameter for QR code carrier applicability. (paper)

Durability of switchable QR code carriers under hydrolytic and photolytic conditions

Science.gov (United States)

Ecker, Melanie; Pretsch, Thorsten

2013-09-01

Following a guest diffusion approach, the surface of a shape memory poly(ester urethane) (PEU) was either black or blue colored. Bowtie-shaped quick response (QR) code carriers were then obtained from laser engraving and cutting, before thermo-mechanical functionalization (programming) was applied to stabilize the PEU in a thermo-responsive (switchable) state. The stability of the dye within the polymer surface and long-term functionality of the polymer were investigated against UVA and hydrolytic ageing. Spectrophotometric investigations verified UVA ageing-related color shifts from black to yellow-brownish and blue to petrol-greenish whereas hydrolytically aged samples changed from black to greenish and blue to light blue. In the case of UVA ageing, color changes were accompanied by dye decolorization, whereas hydrolytic ageing led to contrast declines due to dye diffusion. The Michelson contrast could be identified as an effective tool to follow ageing-related contrast changes between surface-dyed and laser-ablated (undyed) polymer regions. As soon as the Michelson contrast fell below a crucial value of 0.1 due to ageing, the QR code was no longer decipherable with a scanning device. Remarkably, the PEU information carrier base material could even then be adequately fixed and recovered. Hence, the surface contrast turned out to be the decisive parameter for QR code carrier applicability.

La historia sacra del Santísimo Sacramento contra las heregias destos tiempos"An iconographic study of the engravings illustrating the work

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Calvo Portela, Juan Isaac

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se hace un estudio iconográfico de las dos estampas que ilustran el libro del dominico fray Alonso de Ribera, La Historia Sacra del Santissimo Sacramento contra las heregias destos tiempos, editado por Luis Sánchez en Madrid en 1626. En dichas estampas se plasman dos aspectos que van a ser fundamentales de la religiosidad contrarreformista española del siglo XVII, la defensa a ultranza de la Eucaristía y la lucha contra la herejía. In this article is made an iconographic study of the two prints that illustrate the book of the Dominican Fray Alonso de Ribera, La Historia Sacra del Santissimo Sacramento contra las heregias destos tiempos, edited by Luis Sanchez in Madrid in 1626. In these prints are reflected two aspects that are going to be essential on the religiosity Spanish Counterreform of the seventeenth century, the stubborn defense of the Eucharist and the fight against heresy.

Déchiffrages. Quelques réflexions sur l’écriture libyco-berbère Deciphering: A few thoughts about the Libyco-Berber script

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dominique Casajus

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Les Touaregs utilisent des alphabets dont les caractères sont appelés tafineq, mot où l’on trouve une racine FNQ que certains auteurs ont rapprochée, à tort ou à raison, du terme dont les Grecs désignaient les Phéniciens. Ces alphabets dérivent d’alphabets beaucoup plus anciens, qu’on a pris l’habitude de qualifier de « libyques » ou « libyco-berbères ». On trouve des inscriptions « libyques » dans tout le Maghreb, depuis la Libye jusqu’au Maroc et même jusqu’aux îles Canaries, parfois associées à des inscriptions puniques ou latines. La découverte à Dougga (Tunisie de deux bilingues puniques-libyques dont la rédaction remonte au iie siècle avant J.-C. a permis le déchiffrement partiel de l’une des variantes de l’alphabet libyque. Des inscriptions marocaines sont probablement plus anciennes, mais les datations proposées sont sujettes à caution. En même temps qu’il rend compte de deux ouvrages récents, consacrés pour l’un à des inscriptions rupestres contemporaines et pour l’autre à l’évolution des écritures libyco-berbères de l’Antiquité jusqu’à nos jours, le présent article discute quelques-unes de ces hypothèses de datation, et évoque les circonstances de la première découverte des inscriptions de Dougga.The Tuareg use alphabets with characters called tafineq (plural: tifinagh. Some writers have, rightly or wrongly, related this word’s root (FNQ to the word used by the Greeks to refer to the Phoenicians. These alphabets derived from much older ones, which are usually said to be “Libyan” or “Libyco-Berber”. Libyco-Berber inscriptions are found throughout a region stretching from Libya to Morocco and even the Canary Islands — sometimes along with Punic or Latin engravings. Owing to the discovery in Dougga (Tunisia of two bilingual Libyco-Punic inscriptions dating from the 2nd century BC, one of the variants of the Libyco-Berber alphabet has been partly

The Stephen H. Long Expedition (1819?1820), Titian R. Peale?s field illustrations, and the lost holotypes of the North American shrews Sorex brevicaudus Say and Sorex parvus Say (Mammalia: Soricidae) from the Philadelphia Museum

Science.gov (United States)

Woodman, N.

2009-01-01

While encamped for the winter of 1819?1820 at Engineer Cantonment along the Missouri River in present-day eastern Nebraska, members of Major Stephen Harriman Long?s Expedition to the Rocky Mountains collected a number of animals that were previously unknown. Among the mammals were two soricids that were subsequently described by Thomas Say as Sorex brevicaudus (Northern Short-tailed Shrew, Blarina brevicauda) and Sorex parvus (Least Shrew, Cryptotis parvus). The holotypes of these species were deposited and placed on public exhibit in the Philadelphia Museum, the predominant North American systematic collection of the early nineteenth century. Like most private museums of that era, the Philadelphia Museum eventually went out of business, and its collections were dispersed and, for the most part, lost. Fortunately, Titian R. Peale made a detailed field sketch of the two specimens soon after their capture and subsequently executed a watercolor based on that sketch. In addition, an engraving of the holotypes was published in the decade following the discovery of the two species. Illustrations of holotypes are taxonomically useful when they depict diagnostic characters of species. They take on added taxonomic significance in the absence of the holotypes. In the cases of Sorex brevicaudus and Sorex parvus, pictures provide strong confirmation of the taxonomic identities of these two species, as well as recording the early history of the specimens.

Information and Communication Technologies – and Culturally Sensitive Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nancy Michail

2006-12-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses the perceptions of Egyptian minority groups in relation to internet information technology with which they feel empowered to protect, affirm and communicate their oppressed existence, on local and global dimensions. The research employs qualitative methods and interpretive analysis, to focus on the use of Internet information technology tools by Egyptian minority groups, in particular, their online platforms and chat rooms, and the related issues associated with these practices and usages. The paper argues that cyberspace is used by specific minority groups in Egypt as a "gateway to freedom" in which it constitutes an ally to establish newly founded cyber identities that aide them to exercise their basic human rights of freedom of thought, speech and expression. The paper thus examines cyberspace a medium or tool for the carrying out of information exchange without the traditional fear of politics and power that is deeply engraved in the roots of the Egyptian culture. In this way, these minority groups are analysed as the newly conceived human information systems (HIS residing on Internet information technology and infrastructure. The paper proposes an adaptive and culturally sensitive model of human information systems as well as human information systems development life cycle (HISDLC to aid in establishing effective processes of information exchange and creation, hence assisting in the emancipation of conflicting parties residing in Egypt, elsewhere in the Middle East and globally.

Vision Servo Motion Control and Error Analysis of a Coplanar XXY Stage for Image Alignment Motion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hau-Wei Lee

2013-01-01

Full Text Available In recent years, as there is demand for smart mobile phones with touch panels, the alignment/compensation system of alignment stage with vision servo control has also increased. Due to the fact that the traditional stacked-type XYθ stage has cumulative errors of assembly and it is heavy, it has been gradually replaced by the coplanar stage characterized by three actuators on the same plane with three degrees of freedom. The simplest image alignment mode uses two cameras as the equipments for feedback control, and the work piece is placed on the working stage. The work piece is usually engraved/marked. After the cameras capture images and when the position of the mark in the camera is obtained by image processing, the mark can be moved to the designated position in the camera by moving the stage and using alignment algorithm. This study used a coplanar XXY stage with 1 μm positioning resolution. Due to the fact that the resolution of the camera is about 3.75 μm per pixel, thus a subpixel technology is used, and the linear and angular alignment repeatability of the alignment system can achieve 1 μm and 5 arcsec, respectively. The visual servo motion control for alignment motion is completed within 1 second using the coplanar XXY stage.

The evolution of the Faculty of Language from a Chomskyan perspective: bridging linguistics and biology.

Science.gov (United States)

Longa, Victor Manuel

2013-01-01

While language was traditionally considered a purely cultural trait, the advent of Noam Chomsky's Generative Grammar in the second half of the twentieth century dramatically challenged that view. According to that theory, language is an innate feature, part of the human biological endowment. If language is indeed innate, it had to biologically evolve. This review has two main objectives: firstly, it characterizes from a Chomskyan perspective the evolutionary processes by which language could have come into being. Secondly, it proposes a new method for interpreting the archaeological record that radically differs from the usual types of evidence Paleoanthropology has concentrated on when dealing with language evolution: while archaeological remains have usually been regarded from the view of the behavior they could be associated with, the paper will consider archaeological remains from the view of the computational processes and capabilities at work for their production. This computational approach, illustrated with a computational analysis of prehistoric geometric engravings, will be used to challenge the usual generative thinking on language evolution, based on the high specificity of language. The paper argues that the biological machinery of language is neither specifically linguistic nor specifically human, although language itself can still be considered a species-specific innate trait. From such a view, language would be one of the consequences of a slight modification operated on an ancestral architecture shared with vertebrates.

Banknotes and unattended cash transactions

Science.gov (United States)

Bernardini, Ronald R.

2000-04-01

There is a 64 billion dollar annual unattended cash transaction business in the US with 10 to 20 million daily transactions. Even small problems with the machine readability of banknotes can quickly become a major problem to the machine manufacturer and consumer. Traditional note designs incorporate overt security features for visual validation by the public. Many of these features such as fine line engraving, microprinting and watermarks are unsuitable as machine readable features in low cost note acceptors. Current machine readable features, mostly covert, were designed and implemented with the central banks in mind. These features are only usable by the banks large, high speed currency sorting and validation equipment. New note designs should consider and provide for low cost not acceptors, implementing features developed for inexpensive sensing technologies. Machine readable features are only as good as their consistency. Quality of security features as well as that of the overall printing process must be maintained to ensure reliable and secure operation of note readers. Variations in printing and of the components used to make the note are one of the major causes of poor performance in low cost note acceptors. The involvement of machine manufacturers in new currency designs will aid note producers in the design of a note that is machine friendly, helping to secure the acceptance of the note by the public as well as acting asa deterrent to fraud.

When and Where Learning is Taking Place: Multisynaptic Changes in Strength During Different Behaviors Related to the Acquisition of an Operant Conditioning Task by Behaving Rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Fernández-Lamo, Iván; Delgado-García, José M; Gruart, Agnès

2018-03-01

Although it is generally assumed that brain circuits are modified by new experiences, the question of which changes in synaptic efficacy take place in cortical and subcortical circuits across the learning process remains unanswered. Rats were trained in the acquisition of an operant conditioning in a Skinner box provided with light beams to detect animals' approaches to lever and feeder. Behaviors such as pressing the lever, eating, exploring, and grooming were also recorded. Animals were chronically implanted with stimulating and recording electrodes in hippocampal, prefrontal, and subcortical sites relevant to the task. Field synaptic potentials were evoked during the performance of the above-mentioned behaviors and before, during, and after the acquisition process. Afferent pathways to the hippocampus and the intrinsic hippocampal circuit were slightly modified in synaptic strength during the performance of those behaviors. In contrast, afferent and efferent circuits of the medial prefrontal cortex were significantly modified in synaptic strength across training sessions, mostly at the moment of the largest change in the learning curve. Performance of behaviors nondirectly related to the acquisition process (exploring, grooming) also evoked changes in synaptic strength across training. This study helps to understand when and where learning is being engraved in the brain. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Resealable, optically accessible, PDMS-free fluidic platform for ex vivo interrogation of pancreatic islets.

Science.gov (United States)

Lenguito, Giovanni; Chaimov, Deborah; Weitz, Jonathan R; Rodriguez-Diaz, Rayner; Rawal, Siddarth A K; Tamayo-Garcia, Alejandro; Caicedo, Alejandro; Stabler, Cherie L; Buchwald, Peter; Agarwal, Ashutosh

2017-02-28

We report the design and fabrication of a robust fluidic platform built out of inert plastic materials and micromachined features that promote optimized convective fluid transport. The platform is tested for perfusion interrogation of rodent and human pancreatic islets, dynamic secretion of hormones, concomitant live-cell imaging, and optogenetic stimulation of genetically engineered islets. A coupled quantitative fluid dynamics computational model of glucose stimulated insulin secretion and fluid dynamics was first utilized to design device geometries that are optimal for complete perfusion of three-dimensional islets, effective collection of secreted insulin, and minimization of system volumes and associated delays. Fluidic devices were then fabricated through rapid prototyping techniques, such as micromilling and laser engraving, as two interlocking parts from materials that are non-absorbent and inert. Finally, the assembly was tested for performance using both rodent and human islets with multiple assays conducted in parallel, such as dynamic perfusion, staining and optogenetics on standard microscopes, as well as for integration with commercial perfusion machines. The optimized design of convective fluid flows, use of bio-inert and non-absorbent materials, reversible assembly, manual access for loading and unloading of islets, and straightforward integration with commercial imaging and fluid handling systems proved to be critical for perfusion assay, and particularly suited for time-resolved optogenetics studies.

LASER CUTTING AS AN INNOVATIVE CREATIVITY TOOL IN TEXTILE DESIGN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Banu Hatice Gurcum

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Innovative technologies have become the most widespread rapid and flexible technique of cutting, welding, printing and coloring in fashion and textile sectors in a very short time. Laser systems as the most common used innovative technology engrave, cut, form, print, shade appropriated formatted drawings and sketches as well as they provide reliable placements for the lay out plans and precision cutting and the production sector rapid and qualified. The practical applications and conveniences that innovative Technologies employ, influence design process, designers can design in a more creative, rapid, precise and effective manner. Although design is a context where technology is effective, the style, mood and the background of the designer is still important. Designers while making innovative studies should take the advantage of the developing technologies in experimental processes and should combine technological opportunities with aesthetics. Textile designer as in all other domains of design, should harmonise with the change and should define his/her style with the innovative Technologies in an innovative manner and renew him/herself all the time. This study aims to classify laser cutting technology applications available in textile and fashion sector as well as to present the laser technology as a means of process, product, material innovation and explains the contributions of laser systems to creativity.

Andra long term memory project - 59277

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Charton, Patrick; Boissier, Fabrice; Martin, Guillaume

2012-01-01

Document available in abstract form only. Full text of publication follows: Long term memory of repositories is required by safety, reversibility and social expectations. Thus Andra has implemented since 2010 a long-term memory project to reinforce and diversify its current arrangements in this field, as well as to explore opportunities to extend memory keeping over thousands years. The project includes opportunity studies of dedicated facilities. The 'Ecotheque' and 'Geotheque' projects contribute to memory respectively through environmental and geological samples preservation. The options of creating (i) an archive centre for Andra's interim and permanent archives, (ii) an artist center to study the contribution of arts to memory preservation, (iii) a museum of radioactive waste disposal history and technology (radium industry..., sea disposal, current solutions...) are considered. Other studies provided by the project examine our heritage. This includes the continuity of languages and symbolic systems, the continuity of writing and engraving methods, the archaeology of landscapes (memory of the earths evolution, multi-century memory of industrial and agricultural landscapes), the archaeology practices (how might a future archaeologist be interested in our current activity?), the preservation of historical sites and industrial memory, the continuity of institutional organizations, the memory and history of science evolution as well as broad history

Hallmarking as an essential need of gold industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mahmood, K.; Alam, S.; Ahmed, T.

2006-01-01

As gold is a soft metal, for Jewellery making it is alloyed with Silver or Copper so that its strength may increase. Other main alloying elements include; Zinc, Cadmium and Nickel. These alloying elements help to reduce cost, improve appearance and to improve chemical properties of gold. The percentage of alloying elements determines the caratages of gold. The gold Jewellery sold in local market is often under-carated. In order to improve the quality of product sold, complete quality assessment of gold should be done. A complete quality assessment includes both Assaying and Hallmarking. Assaying is the analysis of an individual sample of gold from a customer to find out it's composition and Hallmarking refers to physically marking: a piece of Jewellery according to specific laws to certify the purity of metal. In this paper we have assessed and compared the quality of locally manufactured gold ornaments and its alloying components with international market as well as standards of gold and its alloys. And as Hallmarking is one of the main strategic initiatives to improve the quality of product sold for domestic and export consumption, this paper discusses the necessary steps leading to Hallmarking. We have used micro-XRF spectrometer for assaying and Laser Engraving machine for the purpose of Hallmarking. (author)

Electron beam hardening type copper plate printing ink

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kawamura, Eiji; Inoue, Mitsuo; Kusaki, Satoichiro

1989-01-01

Copper plate printing is the printing method of filling ink in the parts of concave printing elements on a type area, and transferring the ink to a base, and it is the feature that the ink in the printing element parts of a print rises. Copper plate prints show profound feeling, in addition, its effect of preventing forgery is high. This method is generally called engraving printing, and is used frequently for printing various bills and artistic prints. The electron beam irradiation apparatus installed in the laboratory of the Printing Bureau, Ministry of Finance, is an experimental machine of area beam type, and is so constructed as to do batch conveyance and web conveyance. As the ink in printing element parts rises, the offset at the delivery part of a printing machine becomes a problem. Electron beam is superior in its transparency, and can dry instantaneously to the inside of opaque ink. At 200 kV of acceleration voltage, the ink of copper plate prints can be hardened by electron beam irradiation. The dilution monomers as the vehicle for ink were tested for their dilution capability and the effect of electron beam hardening. The problem in the utilization of electron beam is the deterioration of papers, and the counter-measures were tested. (K.I.)

An image analyzer system for the analysis of nuclear traces; Un sistema analizador de imagenes para el analisis de trazas nucleares

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cuapio O, A

1990-10-15

Inside the project of nuclear traces and its application techniques to be applied in the detection of nuclear reactions of low section (non detectable by conventional methods), in the study of accidental and personal neutron dosemeters, and other but, are developed. All these studies are based on the fact that the charged particles leave latent traces of dielectric that if its are engraved with appropriate chemical solutions its are revealed until becoming visible to the optical microscope. From the analysis of the different trace forms, it is possible to obtain information of the characteristic parameters of the incident particles (charge, mass and energy). Of the density of traces it is possible to obtain information of the flow of the incident radiation and consequently of the received dose. For carry out this analysis has been designed and coupled different systems, that it has allowed the solution of diverse outlined problems. Notwithstanding it has been detected that to make but versatile this activity is necessary to have an Image Analyzer System that allow us to digitize, to process and to display the images with more rapidity. The present document, presents the proposal to carry out the acquisition of the necessary components for to assembling an Image Analyzing System, like support to the mentioned project. (Author)

An image analyzer system for the analysis of nuclear traces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cuapio O, A.

1990-10-01

Inside the project of nuclear traces and its application techniques to be applied in the detection of nuclear reactions of low section (non detectable by conventional methods), in the study of accidental and personal neutron dosemeters, and other but, are developed. All these studies are based on the fact that the charged particles leave latent traces of dielectric that if its are engraved with appropriate chemical solutions its are revealed until becoming visible to the optical microscope. From the analysis of the different trace forms, it is possible to obtain information of the characteristic parameters of the incident particles (charge, mass and energy). Of the density of traces it is possible to obtain information of the flow of the incident radiation and consequently of the received dose. For carry out this analysis has been designed and coupled different systems, that it has allowed the solution of diverse outlined problems. Notwithstanding it has been detected that to make but versatile this activity is necessary to have an Image Analyzer System that allow us to digitize, to process and to display the images with more rapidity. The present document, presents the proposal to carry out the acquisition of the necessary components for to assembling an Image Analyzing System, like support to the mentioned project. (Author)

A 36,000-Year-Old Volcanic Eruption Depicted in the Chauvet-Pont d’Arc Cave (Ardèche, France)?

Science.gov (United States)

Nomade, Sébastien; Genty, Dominique; Sasco, Romain; Scao, Vincent; Féruglio, Valérie; Baffier, Dominique; Guillou, Hervé; Bourdier, Camille; Valladas, Hélène; Reigner, Edouard; Debard, Evelyne; Pastre, Jean–François; Geneste, Jean-Michel

2016-01-01

Among the paintings and engravings found in the Chauvet-Pont d’Arc cave (Ardèche, France), several peculiar spray-shape signs have been previously described in the Megaloceros Gallery. Here we document the occurrence of strombolian volcanic activity located 35 km northwest of the cave, and visible from the hills above the cave entrance. The volcanic eruptions were dated, using 40Ar/39Ar, between 29 ± 10 ka and 35 ± 8 ka (2σ), which overlaps with the 14C AMS and thermoluminescence ages of the first Aurignacian occupations of the cave in the Megaloceros Gallery. Our work provides the first evidence of an intense volcanic activity between 40 and 30 ka in the Bas-Vivarais region, and it is very likely that Humans living in the Ardèche river area witnessed one or several eruptions. We propose that the spray-shape signs found in the Chauvet-Pont d’Arc cave could be the oldest known depiction of a volcanic eruption, predating by more than 34 ka the description by Pliny the Younger of the Vesuvius eruption (AD 79) and by 28 ka the Çatalhöyük mural discovered in central Turkey. PMID:26745626

Sliding rocks on Racetrack Playa, Death Valley National Park: first observation of rocks in motion.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Richard D Norris

Full Text Available The engraved trails of rocks on the nearly flat, dry mud surface of Racetrack Playa, Death Valley National Park, have excited speculation about the movement mechanism since the 1940s. Rock movement has been variously attributed to high winds, liquid water, ice, or ice flotation, but has not been previously observed in action. We recorded the first direct scientific observation of rock movements using GPS-instrumented rocks and photography, in conjunction with a weather station and time-lapse cameras. The largest observed rock movement involved > 60 rocks on December 20, 2013 and some instrumented rocks moved up to 224 m between December 2013 and January 2014 in multiple move events. In contrast with previous hypotheses of powerful winds or thick ice floating rocks off the playa surface, the process of rock movement that we have observed occurs when the thin, 3 to 6 mm, "windowpane" ice sheet covering the playa pool begins to melt in late morning sun and breaks up under light winds of -4-5 m/s. Floating ice panels 10 s of meters in size push multiple rocks at low speeds of 2-5 m/min. along trajectories determined by the direction and velocity of the wind as well as that of the water flowing under the ice.

Optometry: a discipline of knowledge

Science.gov (United States)

Kedzia, Boleslaw

1998-10-01

Optometry is a branch of science whose roots are in optics development as well as in physiology development. Among Polish scholars, whose names are firmly engraved in the history of optometry, two names should be mentioned first, they are Witelo (1237 - 1290) and Majer (1808 - 1899). Contemporary optometry began around the turn of the 19th and 20th century in the United States of America where some states erected legal regulations for those opticians who were performing refractions. Since 1993 optometry has been defined by the World Council of Optometry as a health care profession which is autonomous, educated and regulated (licensed/registered). Nevertheless, the question arises: Is optometry a separate part of science or is it only a set of practical procedures useful in vision care? In other words: does optometry have a system of definitions, laws and hypothesis with such logical interrelations that all less general statements may be derived from the most general? Even at this moment the system is not fully developed, yet we can say that optometry is a set of statements important and enough proved to be taught at the university level, being a category by itself and being sufficiently rich to be a subject for teaching as separate discipline.

THE REUSE OF A HAMMĀM AS A PUBLIC SERVICES CENTRE-HAMMĀM SUQ EL GHEZAL ; TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samira Debache – Benzagouta

2008-11-01

Full Text Available The hammam in Islamic countries still occupies a very important urban and social place in the heart of the inhabitants. Even though, it is not as used as it used to be, it is considered as a monument; which is part of the Islamic heritage. People assume that “the hammām will not disappear socially. It also constitutes an intangible heritage; customs and traditions which still persist until today, as is the hammām. It is still related to festivals; it is engraved and fi xed in the residents’ memory. This traditional building used to be a central place for social life and cultural heritage with complex urban and societal relations. Besides its cultural heritage values, the hammām is an integrative part of the locals’ life as well as an example of architectural heritage. Nowadays, although it still has a ‘’warm’’ place in the heart of the inhabitants, the hammām seems to have lost its function and activities. This paper presents scenarios for the adaptive reuse of hammam Suq El Ghezal as a public service centre in Constantine. It also outlines strategies for adapting the hammām features to contemporary Islamic life in North Africa.

The future of energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rubbia, C.

2000-01-01

The interest of politicians, businessmen, technologists, scientists and the people at large is focused today on the problem of energy. Everybody will agree on the fact that energy is necessary for the future of mankind. But many tend to paraphrase this by saying that energy is necessary evil. No objection to the necessity: but an analysis of the motivations for regarding energy as evil reveals some Freudian undertones. This scepticism towards technology, as a solution to the rising environmental concerns, perceived as a Faustian deal, after centuries of a passionate technical endeavour deeply engraved in the conception of the world, is a curious phenomenon to say the least. All these problems and the associated concerns are serious: the inevitable growth of energy consumption under the sheer momentum of society and the very human expectations of the poor, may indeed add enough yeast to make them leaven beyond control. However, like in the case of famine, illness etc., also here science and technology should be trusted; indeed there are reasonable expectations that, combined, they will have the possibility of solving also this problem, in full accord with the economic, dynamic and technical constraints that a working system has to comply with

The Final Days of Paracas in Cerro del Gentil, Chincha Valley, Peru

Science.gov (United States)

2016-01-01

This article describes and analyzes a highly significant archaeological context discovered in a late Paracas (400–200 BCE) sunken patio in the monumental platform mound of Cerro Gentil, located in the Chincha Valley, Peru. This patio area was used for several centuries for ritual activities, including large-scale feasting and other public gatherings. At one point late in this historical sequence people deposited a great deal of objects in what is demonstrably a single historical event. This was quickly followed by a series of minor events stratigraphically immediately above this larger event. This entire ritual process included the consumption of liquids and food, and involved the offering of whole pottery, pottery fragments, botanical remains, bone, lithics, baskets, pyro-engraved gourds, mummies, and other objects. We interpret these events as an “abandonment ceremony” or “termination ritual” during the late Paracas period, one that may have lasted for weeks or even months. The subsequent Topará occupation at the site (ca. 200 BCE- AD 100) involved the architectural enhancement of the mound area, but the pattern of use of the patio itself ended. Such a termination ritual signals a reorganization in the regional political structure of Paracas society. PMID:27144824

The future of energy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rubbia, C.

2001-01-01

The interest of politicians, businessmen, technologists, scientists and the people at large is focused today on the problem of energy. Everybody will agree on the fact that energy is necessary for the future of mankind. But many tend to paraphrase this by saying that energy is necessary evil. No objection to the necessity: but an analysis of the motivations for regarding energy as evil reveals some Freudian undertones. This scepticism towards technology, as a solution to the rising environmental concerns, perceived as a Faustian deal, after centuries of a passionate technical endeavour deeply engraved in the conception of the world, is a curious phenomenon to say the least. All these problems and the associated concerns are serious: the inevitable growth of energy consumption under the sheer momentum of society and the very human expectations of the poor, may indeed add enough yeast to make them leaven beyond control. However, like in the case of famine, illness etc., also here science and technology should be trusted; indeed there are reasonable expectations that, combined, they will have the possibility of solving also this problem, in full accord with the economic, dynamic and technical constraints that a working system has to comply with

The future of energy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rubbia, C. [ENEA, Rome (Italy)

2000-07-01

The interest of politicians, businessmen, technologists, scientists and the people at large is focused today on the problem of energy. Everybody will agree on the fact that energy is necessary for the future of mankind. But many tend to paraphrase this by saying that energy is necessary evil. No objection to the necessity: but an analysis of the motivations for regarding energy as evil reveals some Freudian undertones. This scepticism towards technology, as a solution to the rising environmental concerns, perceived as a Faustian deal, after centuries of a passionate technical endeavour deeply engraved in the conception of the world, is a curious phenomenon to say the least. All these problems and the associated concerns are serious: the inevitable growth of energy consumption under the sheer momentum of society and the very human expectations of the poor, may indeed add enough yeast to make them leaven beyond control. However, like in the case of famine, illness etc., also here science and technology should be trusted; indeed there are reasonable expectations that, combined, they will have the possibility of solving also this problem, in full accord with the economic, dynamic and technical constraints that a working system has to comply with.

Volume XIII: The tertiary insects of North America

Science.gov (United States)

Scudder, Samuel H.

1890-01-01

That creatures so minute and fragile as insects, creatures which can so feebly withstand the changing seasons as to live, so to speak, but a moment, are to be found fossil, engraved, as it were, upon the rocks or embedded in their hard mass, will never cease to be a surprise to those unfamiliar with the fact. "So fragile," says Quinet, "so easy to crush, you would readily believe the insect one of the latest beings produced by nature, one of those which has least resisted the action of time; that its type, its genera, its forms, must have been ground to powder a thousand times, annihilated by the revolutions of the globe, and perpetually thrown into the crucible. For where is its defense? Of what value its antennae, its shield, its wings of gauze, against the commotions and the tempests which change the surface of the earth? When the mountains themselves are overthrown and the seas uplifted, when the giants of structure, the mighty quadrupeds, change form and habit under the pressure of circumstances, will the insect withstand them? Is it it which will display most character in nature? Yes! The universe flings itself against a gnat. Where will it find refuge? In its very diminutiveness, its nothingness."

Nuevo examen de los grabados paleolíticos de El Pendo (Cantabria, España. Consideraciones sobre las aves del arte paleolítico de la Península Ibérica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

García Díez, Marcos

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Birds are very scarce in Palaeolithic rock art. Since 1907 figures of razorbill and raptors (probably vulture have been described at the end of the Pendo cave, both attributed to an Upper Palaeolithic origin (from Aurignacian to Lower Magdalenian, depending on the authors. The new revision of the group of engravings shows the presence of an unambiguous bird, but the morphology of the figure did not permit its precise taxonomic identification. The work also presents a revision of the birds known in Iberian Palaeolithic rock art.

La presencia de aves en el repertorio iconográfico del arte rupestre paleolítico es muy escasa. Desde 1907 se vienen describiendo unas figuras de alca y de rapaz (probablemente buitre en la parte final de la cueva de El Pendo. Los autores las asignan a un momento antiguo, desde el Auriñaciense hasta el Magdaleniense inferior. Una nueva lectura del conjunto de grabados permite apuntar la presencia inequívoca de una imagen de ave, sin características que permitan su identificación taxonómica precisa. El trabajo revisa, además, las imágenes de aves conocidas en el arte rupestre paleolítico de la Península Ibérica.

Estudio preliminar de los grabados rupestres de la Cueva del Moro (Tarifa, Cádiz y el arte paleolítico del Campo de Gibraltar

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mas Cornellà, Martí

1995-12-01

Full Text Available The spring of 1995 marked (he discovery of (he Cave of the Moro with a grout of horse engravings of undoubted Upper Palaeolithic date. The numerous other finds that have been made in recent years in the zone of the Campo de Gibraltar suggest that it is an area of great importance. Both the rock art and the material culture evidence, in the open air or in rock shelters, has continually increasing potential for study. Furthermore this group of sites represents the most southern Palaeolithic rock art in Europe.

En la primavera de 1995 se produjo el descubrimiento de la Cueva del Moro con un conjunto de figuraciones grabadas de équidos con. una filiación superopaleolítica indudable. Los numerosos hallazgos que se están produciendo desde hace unos años en la zona del Campo de Gibraltar nos indican que se trata de una área con una gran importancia y expectativas de estudio. Los hallazgos, tanto de arte rupestre como de cultura material, en estaciones al aire libre o en abrigos rocosos completan un panorama cada día más prometedor. Además este nuevo conjunto representa el arte rupestre paleolítico más meridional de Europa.

Development of a Flexible Non-Metal Electrode for Cell Stimulation and Recording

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cihun-Siyong Alex Gong

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This study presents a method of producing flexible electrodes for potentially simultaneously stimulating and measuring cellular signals in retinal cells. Currently, most multi-electrode applications rely primarily on etching, but the metals involved have a certain degree of brittleness, leaving them prone to cracking under prolonged pressure. This study proposes using silver chloride ink as a conductive metal, and polydimethysiloxane (PDMS as the substrate to provide electrodes with an increased degree of flexibility to allow them to bend. This structure is divided into the electrode layer made of PDMS and silver chloride ink, and a PDMS film coating layer. PDMS can be mixed in different proportions to modify the degree of rigidity. The proposed method involved three steps. The first segment entailed the manufacturing of the electrode, using silver chloride ink as the conductive material, and using computer software to define the electrode size and micro-engraving mechanisms to produce the electrode pattern. The resulting uniform PDMS pattern was then baked onto the model, and the flow channel was filled with the conductive material before air drying to produce the required electrode. In the second stage, we tested the electrode, using an impedance analyzer to measure electrode cyclic voltammetry and impedance. In the third phase, mechanical and biocompatibility tests were conducted to determine electrode properties. This study aims to produce a flexible, non-metallic sensing electrode which fits snugly for use in a range of measurement applications.

Gift to Darius - Or on about the exhibition: mobility in printmaking procedures Dádiva a Dario - Ou sobre a exposição:mobilidade em processos de gravura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ho Lihn Piuh

1993-08-01

Full Text Available Presentation of the exhibition "Mobility in the process of engraving," the artist in Iara Strobel Department of Culture Curitiba.There is this creative phenomenon, using a strategy he called "refraction" poetic, the Bakhtinian sense. The refraction through the verbal non-verbal, by hypothesis allows to manage a "language without language," though not without codes to be unveiled in the critical operation. Will, in this case, the very instrument of analysis requires a shift in bias reference for the poetic.Apresentação da exposição "Mobilidade em processos de Gravura", da artista plástica Iara Strobel na Secretaria de Cultura/Curitiba. Observa-se este fenômeno criativo, recorrendo a uma estratégia a que chamaria de "refração" poética, no sentido bakhtiniano. A refração do verbal através do não verbal, permite por hipótese gerenciar uma "linguagem sem língua", embora não isenta de códigos a serem desvelados na operação crítica. Tenciona, nesta ocorrência, o próprio instrumento de análise exigindo um deslocamento do pendor referencial para o poético.

On the Origin of the Dragon Image on the Plate from Shilovka Burial Mound

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Liphanov Nicolay А.

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The author of the article analyzes an unique image of two opposed dragons engraved on a bone plate discovered in 1992 at barrow No.1 of Shilovka burial mound located on the right bank of the Volga river in Ulyanovsk Oblast (the excavations were conducted by R.S. Bagautdinov. The burial mound is related to the cattle breeding population of late 7th century. The article considers different hypotheses concerning the origin of these dragon images in the artistic traditions of various regions: China (A.V. Komar, D.G. Savinov, B. Totev, Pelevina, Central Asia (V.G. Kotov, V.E. Flyorova, India (N.A. Fonyakova. According to the author, this image has no apparent iconographic parallels in the traditions of these regions. Such analogues are found in the art of the Mediterranean where the ancient images of various mythological creatures exist alongside the image of the sea dragon “ketos” which later became part of the Christian tradition. The appearance of this monster in the images of the first half – middle of the 1st millennium A.D. is practically identical to the dragons from Shilovka burial mound. According to the author, certain impact on the formation of the considered dragon image was made by Iranian art.

Odor-induced recall of emotional memories in PTSD-Review and new paradigm for research.

Science.gov (United States)

Daniels, Judith K; Vermetten, Eric

2016-10-01

It is clinically well known that olfactory intrusions in PTSD can be a disabling phenomena due to the involuntary recall of odor memories. Odorants can trigger involuntary recall of emotional memories as well have the potential to help diminishing emotional arousal as grounding stimuli. Despite major advances in our understanding of the function of olfactory system, the study of the relation of olfaction and emotional memory is still relatively scarce. Odor memory is long thought to be different than other types of memories such as verbal or visual memories, being more strongly engraved and more closely related to strong emotions. Brain areas mediating smell memory including orbitofrontal cortex and other parts of medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala, have been implicated in learning and memory and are part of a neural circuitry that is involved in PTSD. The olfactory cortex itself also plays an important role in emotional processing. Clinical observations support the notion that odor-evoked memories can play a role in the symptomatology of PTSD. This paper reviews a re-emerging body of science linking odor processing to emotional processing in PTSD using the calming and grounding effect of odors as well as the use of odors in augmented exposure therapy. This results in converging evidence that olfaction is an excellent model for studying many questions germane to the field of human emotional memory processing. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bronze age cosmology and rock art images. Solar ships, deer and charts

Science.gov (United States)

Dimitriadis, G.

Bronze Age societies were technologically complex. The impressive production of metal artefacts embodies clearly their astronomical culture and cosmological viewpoint. Same ascertainment is valid also for rock art. In fact, around the European landscape were discovered several cliffs engraved with solar ships, deer and charts. How one could be interpret them? Which is the hidden mentality? From the end of 3rd millennium-early 2nd millennium B. C. deep technological transformations are made by metals. New inventions such metal extraction for weapon production, horse pulling chariot used for war and the bull pulling one used for trade may shorten the culture and material distances between Central Europe and South Mediterranean area. Indeed, taphonomic studies indicate a specific modification of the human body mortuary traditional disposition (orientated to significant astronomical targets) below a substantial transformation of mortuary apparatus with spot evidence of weapons (halberds, swords, knifes) and ornaments (double spiral, lunar shape pectorals). The famous Trundhold Solar chart, the 2nd millennium terracotta chart form Dupljaja, the solar boats petroglyph in Bohusland and the horse rider carved on Philippi's cliffs were conceived by the same mentality: communion with the divinity. Culture expressions as communicate manifestation attested in rock art were produced by the same mentality presented in Bronze Age art-crafts such as, 1. Culture epidemiologic patterns dispersion took place through out iconographic motives, and, 2. Animals can play a double face function inside an analogical-mythological system: a. animal-reflex; b. animal-agent. The question is: Could such petroglyphs help us to "read" archaeoastronomical properly in an archaeological site?

Reflection of Crusade Ideas in Medieval Art of 12* and 13* Centuries with Special Emphasis on Crusade Motives in Polish Art

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Katarzyna Kabulak

2004-12-01

Full Text Available Literary inheritance of the Middle Ages has always been an invaluable source for researchers o f this epoch. It is the most valuable word for us. It needs to be mentioned, however, that a medieval recipient of literature was doubtlessly a member of a small elite. Few could claim to possess the ability to read and write. What appealed to the masses was an image – the most influential carrier of ideas. Wall paintings, sculptures, portals at the entrance to churches, coins with iconography best appealed to imagination. Symbolic representations affected the senses. “Pictorial system of communication played a role much more important for societies of the past than contemporary Polish historical literature acknowledges.” Touching upon a subject as vast as the crusade movement and the idea of fighting for every piece o f the Holy Land, one cannot let any information that was engraved or painted go unnoticed. Art, along site historical information, shows us a huge amount of propaganda material. Tiny details, the quality of outcome, the nicety of presentation are of no importance;what counts are the contents of depictions and the message. Art was therefore an educational factor used to show a certain model, in our considerations an ideal model, o f a Christ’s knight. The idea of crusades, both the Jerusalem crusade and the one broadly understood as a war against paganism, was also propagated through art.

The Melencolia Manifesto

Science.gov (United States)

Finkelstein, David Ritz

2016-12-01

Few artworks have been the subject of more extensive modern interpretation than Melencolia I by renowned artist, mathematician, and scientist Albrecht Dürer (1514). And yet, did each of these art experts and historians miss a secret manifesto that Dürer included within the engraving? This is the first work to decrypt secrets within Melencolia I based not on guesswork, but Dürer's own writings, other subliminal artists that inspired him (i.e., Leonardo da Vinci), the Jewish and Christian Bibles, and books that inspired Dürer (De Occulta Philosophia and the Hieorglyphica). To read the covert message of Melencolia I is to understand that Dürer was a humanist in his interests in mathematics, science, poetry, and antiquity. This book recognizes his unparalleled power with the burin, his mathematical skill in perspective, his dedication to precise language, and his acute observation of nature. Melencolia I may also be one of the most controversial (and at the time most criminal) pieces of art as it hid Dürer's disdain for the hierarchy of the Catholic Church, the Kaiser, and the Holy Roman Empire from the general public for centuries. This book closely ties the origins of philosophy (science) and the work of a Renaissance master together, and will be of interest for anyone who loves scientific history, art interpretation, and secret manifestos.

Roll-to-Roll Nanoforming of Metals Using Laser-Induced Superplasticity.

Science.gov (United States)

Goswami, Debkalpa; Munera, Juan C; Pal, Aniket; Sadri, Behnam; Scarpetti, Caio Lui P G; Martinez, Ramses V

2018-05-24

This Letter describes a low-cost, scalable nanomanufacturing process that enables the continuous forming of thin metallic layers with nanoscale accuracy using roll-to-roll, laser-induced superplasticity (R2RLIS). R2RLIS uses a laser shock to induce the ultrahigh-strain-rate deformation of metallic films at room temperature into low-cost polymeric nanomolds, independently of the original grain size of the metal. This simple and inexpensive nanoforming method does not require access to cleanrooms and associated facilities, and can be easily implemented on conventional CO 2 lasers, enabling laser systems commonly used for rapid prototyping or industrial cutting and engraving to fabricate uniform and three-dimensional crystalline metallic nanostructures over large areas. Tuning the laser power during the R2RLIS process enables the control of the aspect ratio and the mechanical and optical properties of the fabricated nanostructures. This roll-to-roll technique successfully fabricates mechanically strengthened gold plasmonic nanostructures with aspect ratios as high as 5 that exhibit high oxidation resistance and strong optical field enhancements. The CO 2 laser used in R2RLIS can also integrate the fabricated nanostructures on transparent flexible substrates with robust interfacial contact. The ability to fabricate ultrasmooth metallic nanostructures using roll-to-roll manufacturing enables the large scale production, at a relatively low-cost, of flexible plasmonic devices toward emerging applications.

Could the landscape preserve traces of a deep underground nuclear waste repository over the very long term? What we can learn from the archaeology of ancient mines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Harmand, Dominique; BRULHET, Jacques

2015-01-01

Prof. Dominique Harmand presented a study conducted on behalf of Andra that focused on the archaeology of abandoned underground mines in order to illustrate how ancient human activities have left traces in the landscape. Old mines often have left some traces at surface such as slag heaps and parts of shafts over relatively long timescales, up to thousands of years. Geological disposal projects are equally likely to leave traces in the landscape over time. In the case of the French Cigeo project (Centre industriel de stockage geologique), research into the past and future geological evolution of the area shows that traces of heads of shafts and inclined tunnels, and filled excavations will likely still exist at surface in the distant future. However, as these traces could be confused with other human and natural traces of all ages, steps need to be taken to ensure that they are correctly interpreted. A suggested approach to facilitate the correct interpretation in the future consists in marking the site, and especially its long-lasting traces, with long-lived anthropological elements, such as small engraved ceramic pieces. These could be placed around the repository's surface buildings, but also in drill holes that would be a few metres deep. As a result of the natural erosion of the site, they would progressively reach the surface of the area in the long term

Pleistocene cave art from Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Science.gov (United States)

Aubert, M; Brumm, A; Ramli, M; Sutikna, T; Saptomo, E W; Hakim, B; Morwood, M J; van den Bergh, G D; Kinsley, L; Dosseto, A

2014-10-09

Archaeologists have long been puzzled by the appearance in Europe ∼40-35 thousand years (kyr) ago of a rich corpus of sophisticated artworks, including parietal art (that is, paintings, drawings and engravings on immobile rock surfaces) and portable art (for example, carved figurines), and the absence or scarcity of equivalent, well-dated evidence elsewhere, especially along early human migration routes in South Asia and the Far East, including Wallacea and Australia, where modern humans (Homo sapiens) were established by 50 kyr ago. Here, using uranium-series dating of coralloid speleothems directly associated with 12 human hand stencils and two figurative animal depictions from seven cave sites in the Maros karsts of Sulawesi, we show that rock art traditions on this Indonesian island are at least compatible in age with the oldest European art. The earliest dated image from Maros, with a minimum age of 39.9 kyr, is now the oldest known hand stencil in the world. In addition, a painting of a babirusa ('pig-deer') made at least 35.4 kyr ago is among the earliest dated figurative depictions worldwide, if not the earliest one. Among the implications, it can now be demonstrated that humans were producing rock art by ∼40 kyr ago at opposite ends of the Pleistocene Eurasian world.

Recreating Galileo's 1609 Discovery of Lunar Mountains

Science.gov (United States)

Pasachoff, Jay M.; Needham, Paul S.; Wright, Ernest T.; Gingerich, Owen

2014-11-01

The question of exactly which lunar features persuaded Galileo that there were mountains on the moon has not yet been definitively answered; Galileo was famously more interested in the concepts rather than the topographic mapping in his drawings and the eventual engravings. Since the pioneering work of Ewen Whitaker on trying to identify which specific lunar-terminator features were those that Galileo identified as mountains on the moon in his 1609 observations reported in his Sidereus Nuncius (Venice, 1610), and since the important work on the sequence of Galileo's observations by Owen Gingerich (see "The Mystery of the Missing 2" in Galilaeana IX, 2010, in which he concludes that "the Florentine bifolium sheet [with Galileo's watercolor images] is Galileo's source for the reworked lunar diagrams in Sidereus Nuncius"), there have been advances in lunar topographical measurements that should advance the discussion. In particular, one of us (E.T.W.) at the Scientific Visualization Studio of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center has used laser-topography from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter to recreate what Galileo would have seen over a sequence of dates in late November and early December 1609, and provided animations both at native resolution and at the degraded resolution that Galileo would have observed with his telescope. The Japanese Kaguya spacecraft also provides modern laser-mapped topographical maps.

The theory of constraints applied in a manufacture CAD-CAM system in the industry Metalworking-plastic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Juiña

2017-06-01

Full Text Available In the following project, the theory of constraints was applied in order to implement a manufacture CAD-CAM system into the metal mechanic industry processes of polymers injection and blown of polymers. The research showed that the manufacture of the mold with the engraving took 223,17 hours. In the workflow for the manufacture of the mold, a restriction was found in the outsource service of CNC. It took 120 hours of the whole process and represent the 51,47 % the total time of tooling manufacturing. There is also a constraint found in the design time. It was 60 hours that corresponds to 26,88 % of the overall time. In order to reduce the time, a modern system of design in 3D and CAM was established to improve the model process of design and manufacture. A simulation by computational resource was applied to the plastic. The design was changed from 2D to 3D. The implementation was focused in the design. A software was installed to improve the speed of modeling methods with reliable information. In the manufacture of molds, a new CNC machine was acquired with three simultaneous axes to eliminate the outsource service. By acquiring the design system, the working time was diminished in 79% and regarding to the CNC process, the working time was improved in 88%.

Transcription-based prediction of response to IFNbeta using supervised computational methods.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sergio E Baranzini

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Changes in cellular functions in response to drug therapy are mediated by specific transcriptional profiles resulting from the induction or repression in the activity of a number of genes, thereby modifying the preexisting gene activity pattern of the drug-targeted cell(s. Recombinant human interferon beta (rIFNbeta is routinely used to control exacerbations in multiple sclerosis patients with only partial success, mainly because of adverse effects and a relatively large proportion of nonresponders. We applied advanced data-mining and predictive modeling tools to a longitudinal 70-gene expression dataset generated by kinetic reverse-transcription PCR from 52 multiple sclerosis patients treated with rIFNbeta to discover higher-order predictive patterns associated with treatment outcome and to define the molecular footprint that rIFNbeta engraves on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We identified nine sets of gene triplets whose expression, when tested before the initiation of therapy, can predict the response to interferon beta with up to 86% accuracy. In addition, time-series analysis revealed potential key players involved in a good or poor response to interferon beta. Statistical testing of a random outcome class and tolerance to noise was carried out to establish the robustness of the predictive models. Large-scale kinetic reverse-transcription PCR, coupled with advanced data-mining efforts, can effectively reveal preexisting and drug-induced gene expression signatures associated with therapeutic effects.

El retrato del Obispo de Quito Pedro Ponce Carrasco en el Museo de América: Estudio monográfico de la pintura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel Justo Estebaranz

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Resumen: En este trabajo se analiza el retrato del XVIII obispo de Quito, don Pedro Ponce Carrasco, realizado por Francisco Albán y su hijo en 1769 y actualmente conservado en el Museo de América de Madrid. Se estudia la composición de la pintura, las fuentes grabadas utilizadas por el artista, y también el sentido de la pintura, relacionándola con las particulares circunstancias en que se encontraba el retratado en el momento del encargo. Asimismo, se aporta documentación inédita sobre el proceso de adquisición del cuadro por parte del Museo de América a mediados del siglo XX. Abstract: This paper analyzes the portrait of the XVIII bishop of Quito, Don Pedro Ponce Carrasco, painted by Francisco Albán and his son in 1769, and exhibited in the Museo de América (Madrid. We study the composition of the painting and the engraved source used by the artist. In addition, we study the meaning of the painting, relating it to the particular circumstances of the bishop at the time of the commission. Also, unpublished documents on the process of acquisition of the painting by the Museo de América in the middle of the 20th century are provided.

Chichibu park bridge, a Japan's longest PC cable suspension bridge that attaches importance to scenery. Keikan wo jushishita Nippon saidai no PC shachokyo 'Chichibu koenkyo'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1993-12-01

This paper introduces the feature of Chichibu Park Bridge, a Japan's longest PC cable suspension bridge that attaches importance to scenery. The maximum effective span of Chichibu Park Bridge which is a two-span continuous PC cable suspension bridge measures 195 m, that means the center span length is equivalent to about 400 m if converted to a three-span structure. With respect to the design that values the scenic effect, the main tower has relief engravings of stone carving tone using Chichibu Night Festival as a motif disposed around it; lighting up is applied to the main tower to highlight it so that it can be viewed from far away places; and a balcony is built on the center of the bridge. Chichibu Park Bridge has the bridge axial direction stagger with the river flow direction at 45[degree] to reduce water resistance. The tensile force generated at the corbel section according to the main tower reactive force is dealt with reinforced concrete rather than with prestressed concrete. The main tower adopts a two-chamber girder structure as its cross section shape from the view points of rigidity assurance and scenic effect. For construction control, micro computers are used to correct growing change in bend of the main girder due to temperature change and cable tension change. 6 figs., 4 tabs.

Communication in healthcare: a narrative review of the literature and practical recommendations.

Science.gov (United States)

Vermeir, P; Vandijck, D; Degroote, S; Peleman, R; Verhaeghe, R; Mortier, E; Hallaert, G; Van Daele, S; Buylaert, W; Vogelaers, D

2015-11-01

Effective and efficient communication is crucial in healthcare. Written communication remains the most prevalent form of communication between specialised and primary care. We aimed at reviewing the literature on the quality of written communication, the impact of communication inefficiencies and recommendations to improve written communication in healthcare. Narrative literature review. A search was carried out on the databases PubMed, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library by means of the (MeSH)terms 'communication', 'primary health care', 'correspondence', 'patient safety', 'patient handoff' and 'continuity of patient care'. Reviewers screened 4609 records and 462 full texts were checked according following inclusion criteria: (1) publication between January 1985 and March 2014, (2) availability as full text in English, (3) categorisation as original research, reviews, meta-analyses or letters to the editor. A total of 69 articles were included in this review. It was found that poor communication can lead to various negative outcomes: discontinuity of care, compromise of patient safety, patient dissatisfaction and inefficient use of valuable resources, both in unnecessary investigations and physician worktime as well as economic consequences. There is room for improvement of both content and timeliness of written communication. The delineation of ownership of the communication process should be clear. Peer review, process indicators and follow-up tools are required to measure the impact of quality improvement initiatives. Communication between caregivers should feature more prominently in graduate and postgraduate training, to become engraved as an essential skill and quality characteristic of each caregiver. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal of Clinical Practice Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

O Monte das Ferraduras (Fentáns, Cotobade: novos achádegos de arte rupestre. Descripción e interpretación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Quintas González, Fernando

2008-12-01

Full Text Available In these lines we present the description and interpretation of a new rock engraving found in O Monte das Ferraduras (Fentáns, Galiza. This finding, was the result of an intensive exploration in the area, the most outstanding of this panel is one possible representation of a “rossa camuna” design unknown in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula.
We think therefore, this is singular finding deserve an analisys about parallels found in Western Europe, it will help us to understand the chronological contexts of this panel.

Nestas liñas, preséntase a descrición e interpretación dun novo petróglifo atopado en O Monte das Ferraduras, (Fentáns, Cotobade. Este achádego foi froito dunha prospección intensiva na zona, o máis chamativo deste panel é unha posible representación dunha “rosa camuna”, deseño éste descoñecido no noroeste la Península Ibérica.
Cremos, polo tanto, que ante a singularidade do achádego, deberíamos dar a coñecer cales son as características desta rocha, así como presentar os paralelismos atopados con Europa Occidental que, nos axudarán a comprender os contextos cronológicos nos que se ubica dita rocha.

Style and non-style in anatomical illustration: From Renaissance Humanism to Henry Gray.

Science.gov (United States)

Kemp, Martin

2010-02-01

Style is a familiar category for the analysis of art. It is less so in the history of anatomical illustration. The great Renaissance and Baroque picture books of anatomy illustrated with stylish woodcuts and engravings, such as those by Charles Estienne, Andreas Vesalius and Govard Bidloo, showed figures in dramatic action in keeping with philosophical and theological ideas about human nature. Parallels can be found in paintings of the period, such as those by Titian, Michelangelo and Hans Baldung Grien. The anatomists also claimed to portray the body in an objective manner, and showed themselves as heroes of the discovery of human knowledge. Rembrandt's painting of Dr Nicholas Tulp is the best-known image of the anatomist as hero. The British empirical tradition in the 18th century saw William Cheselden and William Hunter working with techniques of representation that were intended to guarantee detailed realism. The ambition to portray forms life-size led to massive volumes, such as those by Antonio Mascagni. John Bell, the Scottish anatomist, criticized the size and pretensions of the earlier books and argued for a plain style adapted to the needs of teaching and surgery. Henry Gray's famous Anatomy of 1858, illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter, aspired to a simple descriptive mode of functional representation that avoided stylishness, resulting in a style of its own. Successive editions of Gray progressively saw the replacement of Gray's method and of all his illustrations. The 150th anniversary edition, edited by Susan Standring, radically re-thinks the role of Gray's book within the teaching of medicine.

Cyrillic edition "Featron or Historical Shame" of W. Stratemann in the context of development of the book culture and historical books printing in the first quarter of XVIII century: historical, bibliological and culturological analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sokolov V.

2014-01-01

Full Text Available In this article the author offers a historical and bibliological analysis of a Cyrillic edition of the German Protestant Bishop Wilhelm Stratemann work «Featron or Historical Shame» (SPb.: typography of Alexander Nevsky Monastery, 1724 against the background of the Russian book culture, historical thought and book publishing in the first quarter of XVIII century.The research has revealed that the publication of secular books in Russia during this period was under the governmental control and largely depended on the reformation activity of Peter I. We have defined that the main goal of secular publishing was the distribution of enlightenment, science and education ideas. In the article we have revealed the characteristic features of the development of Western European Protestant and Catholic historiography of XVI-XVII centuries. The study of sources and scientific materials allows us to disclose the value of the work of W. Stratemann as the first Russian edition of the world history textbook in the distribution and popularization of historical knowledge, as well as its influence on the Russian historical science formation. We have studied the main historical ideas of W. Stratemann work and G. Buzhinsky foreword, as well as their influence on the development of historical thought in Russia during the studied period. The author attempts to make a bibliological analysis of W. Stratemann publication exemplars which are stored in the holdings of rare books of the largest libraries of Kyiv: the printing features of these printed works, bindings and engravings state, contents of provenances, marginalia etc are characterized.

Museo de Bellas Artes de Castellón

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moreno Mansilla, Luis

2000-12-01

Full Text Available The Castellón 's "Museo de Bellas Artes ", enclose a gardened cloister, with magnificent cypresses, as a part of the old college "Serra Espadá ". The building housing the Museum Rooms, is like piled up grounds of similar dimensions in which a double high space is moving like cascade voids, with the same elements, turning each ground in a different place. lts slim proportions takes care of the town tressors, like an sphinx protected by a net of alluminium smelting plates, in which, its function is engraved like in the old roman bricks preserved by the Museum: "MUSEU DE CASTELLÓ"El Museo de Bellas Artes de Castellón gira alrededor de un claustro ajardinado con unos magníficos cipreses, perteneciente al antiguo colegio de Serra Espadá. La construcción que alberga las salas es un apilado de plantas de iguales dimensiones, en las que un espacio a doble altura se va desplazando, como una cascada de vacíos que, con los mismos elementos, convierte a cada planta en un lugar diferente. Esbelto de proporciones y mirando al frente, guarda los tesoros de la ciudad como una esfinge, protegido por una malla de placas de fundición de aluminio en las que se graba, como quedaba escrito en los antiguos ladrillos romanos que conserva el museo, su destino: MUSEU DE CASTELLÓ.

Development of flexible eddy current probes: applications to the characterization of the electromagnetic properties of materials and the detection of flaws by static imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Delabre, Benjamin

2016-01-01

The work of this thesis focuses on the development and the optimization of probes for non-destructive testing (NDT) by Eddy Currents (EC). The manuscript presents several achievements of flexible EC probes engraved on Kapton film. The first part describes the evaluation of the electromagnetic parameters (electrical conductivity σ and magnetic permeability μ) of materials typically encountered in NDT by EC. Conventional methods to estimate σ and μ have been investigated and implemented: it is the four-point probe and the permeameter. However, these methods present practical difficulties relating to the surface condition (paint, corrosion,...) and the sample geometry. Two probes have therefore been designed: the first is composed of a transmitting and a receiving coil in order to evaluate the conductivity of purely conductive materials, and the second is composed of a transmitter coil and a GMR for evaluate the magnetic permeability. Design patterns and experimental results are presented in the manuscript. The second part describes the development of a flexible static EC imager. The imager is a multielement probe composed of 576 receivers arranged in a matrix allowing to inspect the surface of a structure under test without moving the probe relative to the sample surface. The inspection by the static imager provides a pixelated image of the surface under the probe. The imager has been optimized to detect a surface defect of at least 1 mm long of given orientation regardless of its location relative to the receiver coils. The design of the probe and its experimental evaluation are given in the manuscript. (author) [fr

Coupling between apical tension and basal adhesion allow epithelia to collectively sense and respond to substrate topography over long distances.

Science.gov (United States)

Broaders, Kyle E; Cerchiari, Alec E; Gartner, Zev J

2015-12-01

Epithelial sheets fold into complex topographies that contribute to their function in vivo. Cells can sense and respond to substrate topography in their immediate vicinity by modulating their interfacial mechanics, but the extent to which these mechanical properties contribute to their ability to sense substrate topography across length scales larger than a single cell has not been explored in detail. To study the relationship between the interfacial mechanics of single cells and their collective behavior as tissues, we grew cell-sheets on substrates engraved with surface features spanning macroscopic length-scales. We found that many epithelial cell-types sense and respond to substrate topography, even when it is locally nearly planar. Cells clear or detach from regions of local negative curvature, but not from regions with positive or no curvature. We investigated this phenomenon using a finite element model where substrate topography is coupled to epithelial response through a balance of tissue contractility and adhesive forces. The model correctly predicts the focal sites of cell-clearing and epithelial detachment. Furthermore, the model predicts that local tissue response to substrate curvature is a function of the surrounding topography of the substrate across long distances. Analysis of cell-cell and cell-substrate contact angles suggests a relationship between these single-cell interfacial properties, epithelial interfacial properties, and collective epithelial response to substrate topography. Finally, we show that contact angles change upon activation of oncogenes or inhibition of cell-contractility, and that these changes correlate with collective epithelial response. Our results demonstrate that in mechanically integrated epithelial sheets, cell contractility can be transmitted through multiple cells and focused by substrate topography to affect a behavioral response at distant sites.

Made real: artifice and accuracy in nineteenth-century scientific illustration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr Boris Jardine

2014-10-01

Full Text Available In their 1992 essay ‘The image of objectivity’, and again in Objectivity (2007, Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison describe the development of ‘mechanical objectivity’. Nineteenth-century scientists, they argue, pursued ‘truth-to-nature’ by enlisting ‘self-registering instruments, cameras, wax molds, and a host of other devices […] with the aim of freeing images from human interference’. This emphasis on self-recording devices and the morals of machinery, important as it is, tends to focus our attention away from the often messy and convoluted means of image reproduction – by lithograph, hand-coloured engraving or photomechanical process, and often involving steps that seem sharply at odds with narratives of increasing standardization and scientific restraint. This essay draws on the Science Museum’s pictorial collections in order to look again at the construction of objectivity, this time from the point of view of making and reproducing images. Case studies are presented of the Luke Howard collection of cloud drawings and James Nasmyth’s lunar photographs, suggesting that scientists were more flexible in their approach to depictions of the truth than has previously been supposed, and that ‘manufactured’ may be a better term than ‘mechanical’ when we talk of objectivity in the nineteenth century. But this is also a reflexive story, about the collections of the Science Museum – an institution whose own history is, I argue in conclusion, particularly tied up with issues of accuracy, depiction and genre. These are brought together in the consideration of ‘atmosphere’ – a term as important for the historian of science as for the exhibition curator.

Reprezentarea mâinii în ornamentica tradițională: considerații istorico-etnografice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ludmila Moisei

2017-12-01

Full Text Available In the folk art, a hand is one of the most frequently used anthropomorphic ornaments. The first representations of the hand are dated from the Palaeolithic period with first engravings in caverns and caves. The representation of the hand is approached in archaeological and ethnographic materials from ancient times being present on ceramic objects, on the fronts of houses, on shepherd’s sticks, on funeral stars, on fabrics, etc. The aim of this article is to present and to analyse the image of the hand from the archaeological and ethnographic points of view and to examine its representation in the traditional or- namentation. According to the archaeological data and historiographical sources, three categories of hand representations are known (as sign of work skills, cultural symbols of fecundity and agricultural fertility, symbols of magic medicine/signs of healing with the help of the hand.The ethnographic material complements the findings made with the help of the archaeological material. It highlights the types, forms and variants of current motives of the hand, it reveals the primary significance of the hand in the context of permanent evolution and also the ways in which it preserved its artistic form and aesthetic value. Based on the dual analysis of the hand representation in folk ornamentation, we found out what the historical content of this ornament is and the particularities through which the hand, along with other ornamental representations, can be considered an authentic autochthonous motif.

Effect Of Laser CO2 Parameters In Marking Of Glass

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khanafi-Benghalem, Nafissa; Boudoukha, Hassina; Benghalem, Kamel

2008-01-01

Currently many techniques of marking are exploited in a great number of sectors, on various materials (cardboard, textile, wood, leather, plastic, metal, ceramics and glass). The printing is done on supports of great or small dimension for all geometrical forms (plane, round, conical and ovalised). We can print colour as much than we wish. The marking technology for the identification of the glass parts knows a remarkable development carried by the new needs for the industrialists using transparent materials such as the optical, chemical, pharmaceutical sectors, the luxury and drink industries or publicity and decoration (neon signs, advertising mirrors). The objective of our work consists particularly in engraving on glass the measurement scales forming a whole of ordered graduation which the goal is to carry out reading systems of measuring apparatus about 1/10 μm of precision. We used as tool for marking the laser CO 2 . Our choice is justified by the flexibility of the laser, the permanent lifespan of the graduations carried out and the guarantee of the facility of reading incidentally the precision and the accuracy of the measuring apparatus. The study parameters of the laser beam are the velocity (400, 600, 800, 1000 m/s.), the power (25, 75 and 80% of 25W) and the numbers pass (one, two and three pass). The optical observations results obtained suggest that the highest and the average power used remain the favourable parameters for the quality of the graduations carried out.

Out of Africa: modern human origins special feature: additional evidence on the use of personal ornaments in the Middle Paleolithic of North Africa.

Science.gov (United States)

d'Errico, Francesco; Vanhaeren, Marian; Barton, Nick; Bouzouggar, Abdeljalil; Mienis, Henk; Richter, Daniel; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; McPherron, Shannon P; Lozouet, Pierre

2009-09-22

Recent investigations into the origins of symbolism indicate that personal ornaments in the form of perforated marine shell beads were used in the Near East, North Africa, and SubSaharan Africa at least 35 ka earlier than any personal ornaments in Europe. Together with instances of pigment use, engravings, and formal bone tools, personal ornaments are used to support an early emergence of behavioral modernity in Africa, associated with the origin of our species and significantly predating the timing for its dispersal out of Africa. Criticisms have been leveled at the low numbers of recovered shells, the lack of secure dating evidence, and the fact that documented examples were not deliberately shaped. In this paper, we report on 25 additional shell beads from four Moroccan Middle Paleolithic sites. We review their stratigraphic and chronological contexts and address the issue of these shells having been deliberately modified and used. We detail the results of comparative analyses of modern, fossil, and archaeological assemblages and microscopic examinations of the Moroccan material. We conclude that Nassarius shells were consistently used for personal ornamentation in this region at the end of the last interglacial. Absence of ornaments at Middle Paleolithic sites postdating Marine Isotope Stage 5 raises the question of the possible role of climatic changes in the disappearance of this hallmark of symbolic behavior before its reinvention 40 ka ago. Our results suggest that further inquiry is necessary into the mechanisms of cultural transmission within early Homo sapiens populations.

Application of digital radiography in the analysis of cultural heritage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oiveira, Davi F.; Calza, Cristiane; Rocha, Henrique S.; Nascimento, Joseilson R.; Lopes, Ricardo T., E-mail: davi@lin.ufrj.br, E-mail: ccalza@lin.ufrj.br, E-mail: henrique@lin.ufrj.br, E-mail: joseilson@lin.ufrj.br, E-mail: ricardo@lin.ufrj.br [Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Lab. de Instrumentacao Nuclear

2013-07-01

The scientific examination of artworks has gained increasing interest in the last years, allowing the characterization of materials and techniques employed by the artists. This analysis can be extremely valuable to conservation and restoration treatments. However, the fact that every artworks is a unique piece emphasizes the necessity of working with non-destructive techniques. Although radiography has been used in the technical examination of museum objects for many decades, digital radiography is rapidly becoming a preferred modality for this essential tool in the advanced examination of works of art. The ability to electronically combine images from the large painting into a single composite image file was extremely valuable and results in higher quality images than those achieved with conventional radiography. These images can be also processed and improved using adequate software. Additional advantages of digital radiography include the possibility of an almost immediate analysis of the results, use of an only recording film and absence of chemical processing. Radiographic imaging can be applied to the analysis of virtually all media including paintings, sculptures, woodworks, engravings, etc. This paper reports some case studies of the use of digital radiography in the study of paintings and sculptures, showing the feasibility and advantages of this technique for this kind of purpose. The radiographic images revealed the conservation state of the analyzed objects and various details of its execution in order to assist recently restoration processes. (author)

Application of digital radiography in the analysis of cultural heritage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oiveira, Davi F.; Calza, Cristiane; Rocha, Henrique S.; Nascimento, Joseilson R.; Lopes, Ricardo T.

2013-01-01

The scientific examination of artworks has gained increasing interest in the last years, allowing the characterization of materials and techniques employed by the artists. This analysis can be extremely valuable to conservation and restoration treatments. However, the fact that every artworks is a unique piece emphasizes the necessity of working with non-destructive techniques. Although radiography has been used in the technical examination of museum objects for many decades, digital radiography is rapidly becoming a preferred modality for this essential tool in the advanced examination of works of art. The ability to electronically combine images from the large painting into a single composite image file was extremely valuable and results in higher quality images than those achieved with conventional radiography. These images can be also processed and improved using adequate software. Additional advantages of digital radiography include the possibility of an almost immediate analysis of the results, use of an only recording film and absence of chemical processing. Radiographic imaging can be applied to the analysis of virtually all media including paintings, sculptures, woodworks, engravings, etc. This paper reports some case studies of the use of digital radiography in the study of paintings and sculptures, showing the feasibility and advantages of this technique for this kind of purpose. The radiographic images revealed the conservation state of the analyzed objects and various details of its execution in order to assist recently restoration processes. (author)

Sex difference in human fingertip recognition of micron-level randomness as unpleasant.

Science.gov (United States)

Nakatani, M; Kawasoe, T; Denda, M

2011-08-01

We investigated sex difference in evaluation, using the human fingertip, of the tactile impressions of three different micron-scale patterns laser-engraved on plastic plates. There were two ordered (periodical) patterns consisting of ripples on a scale of a few micrometres and one pseudo-random (non-periodical) pattern; these patterns were considered to mimic the surface geometry of healthy and damaged human hair, respectively. In the first experiment, 10 women and 10 men ran a fingertip over each surface and determined which of the three plates felt most unpleasant. All 10 female participants reported the random pattern, but not the ordered patterns, as unpleasant, whereas the majority of the male participants did not. In the second experiment, 9 of 10 female participants continued to report the pseudo-random pattern as unpleasant even after their fingertip had been coated with a collodion membrane. In the third experiment, participants were asked to evaluate the magnitude of the tactile impression for each pattern. The results again indicated that female participants tend to report a greater magnitude of unpleasantness than male participants. Our findings indicate that the female participants could readily detect microgeometric surface characteristics and that they evaluated the random pattern as more unpleasant. Possible physical and perceptual mechanisms involved are discussed. © 2011 The Authors. ICS © 2011 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie.

Quality of wooden chips produced by Claas Jaguar fitted with experimental CRA-ING rotor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pari, L.; Civitarese, V.; Del Giudice, A. [Council for Research in Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering Research Unit, Rome (Italy)

2010-07-01

This paper described a newly developed chipper device for mounting on Claas Jaguar chipper harvesters for short rotation forestry harvesting. It was designed by the Agriculture Engineering Research Unit of the Agricultural Research Council in Rome, Italy. The new rotor has a lower number of blades compared to standard rotors and has a different cutting angle and drum insertion. This study evaluated the particle-size distribution of wood chips produced by standard rotors compared to those with the experimental rotor. The objective was to distinguish the particle size distribution of chips produced using the two types of chippers in order to evaluate the influence of wooden species in the chip formation process. Tests were conducted using 860 and 890 Claas Jaguar chipper harvesters, both equipped with standard and CRA-ING rotors. The experiment was conducted on poplar cultivations on biennial shift and on arboreal cultivations. Compared to traditional rotors, CRA-ING rotors provide a considerable product increase within particle sizes ranging from 12.5 to 25 mm, and an equivalent product reduction within the finest particle size classes. The study showed that the new rotor tends to concentrate dimensional increments along the longitudinal section of the chip, regardless of the species used. In order to obtain a better quality chip in terms of particle size, a second rotor was devised to engrave a cleaner cut on the biomass introduced by the feeding rollers.

Exploiting an automated microfluidic hydrodynamic sequential injection system for determination of phosphate.

Science.gov (United States)

Khongpet, Wanpen; Pencharee, Somkid; Puangpila, Chanida; Kradtap Hartwell, Supaporn; Lapanantnoppakhun, Somchai; Jakmunee, Jaroon

2018-01-15

A microfluidic hydrodynamic sequential injection (μHSI) spectrophotometric system was designed and fabricated. The system was built by laser engraving a manifold pattern on an acrylic block and sealing with another flat acrylic plate to form a microfluidic channel platform. The platform was incorporated with small solenoid valves to obtain a portable setup for programmable control of the liquid flow into the channel according to the HSI principle. The system was demonstrated for the determination of phosphate using a molybdenum blue method. An ascorbic acid, standard or sample, and acidic molybdate solutions were sequentially aspirated to fill the channel forming a stack zone before flowing to the detector. Under the optimum condition, a linear calibration graph in the range of 0.1-6mg P L -1 was obtained. The detection limit was 0.1mgL -1 . The system is compact (5.0mm thick, 80mm wide × 140mm long), durable, portable, cost-effective, and consumes little amount of chemicals (83μL each of molybdate and ascorbic acid, 133μL of the sample solution and 1.7mL of water carrier/run). It was applied for the determination of phosphate content in extracted soil samples. The percent recoveries of the analysis were obtained in the range of 91.2-107.3. The results obtained agreed well with those of the batch spectrophotometric method. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dentistry to the rescue of missing children: A review

Science.gov (United States)

Vij, Nitika; Kochhar, Gulsheen Kaur; Chachra, Sanjay; Kaur, Taranjot

2016-01-01

Today's society is becoming increasingly unsafe for children: we frequently hear about new incidents of missing children, which lead to emotional trauma for the loved ones and expose systemic failures of law and order. Parents can take extra precautions to ensure the safety of their children by educating them about ways to protect themselves and keep important records of the child such as updated color photographs, fingerprints, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples, etc., handy. However, in spite of all efforts, the problem of missing children still remains. Developments in the field of dentistry have empowered dentists with various tools and techniques to play a pivotal role in tracing a missing child. One such tool is Toothprints, a patented arch-shaped thermoplastic dental impression wafer developed by Dr. David Tesini, a paediatric dentist from Massachusetts. Toothprints enables a unique identification of the missing children not only through the bite impression but also through salivary DNA. Besides the use of Toothprints, a dentist can assist investigating agencies in identifying the missing children in multiple ways, including postmortem dental profiling, labeled dental fixtures, DNA extraction from teeth, and serial number engraving on the children's teeth. More importantly, all these tools cause minimal inconvenience to the individual, making a dentist's role in tracking a missing child even more significant. Thus, the simple discipline of maintaining timely dental records with the help of their dentists can save potential hassles for the parents in the future. PMID:27051216

Representaciones de fauna fría en el Arte mueble de la Cueva de Caldas (Asturias, España. Significación e implicaciones en el Arte parietal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soledad CORCHÓN RODRÍGUEZ

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: La Cueva de Las Caldas (Asturias es un yacimiento excepcional, situado en el Occidente de de la Region Cantábrica. Posee una completa secuencia estratigráfica magdaleniense, con abundantes y típicas series líticas, óseas y de Arte mueble. En este artículo se estudian tres plaquitas procedentes de la base del Magdaleniense medio, con grabados de fauna estépica: reno, mamut y rinoceronte lanudo. Ello permite revisar y ampliar la cronología estimada hasta la fecha para estas representaciones, muy raras en el Arte paleolítico cantábrico. Además, obligan a cuestionarse también la cronología comúnmente admitida para algunas técnicas y convencionalismos magdalenienses (bicromía, tamponado, grabado-estriado.ABSTRACT: Las Caldas Cave is an exceptional site, placed in the West of the Cantabric Region (Asturias. It has a complete magdalenian stratigraphycal sequence, with plentiful and typical lithic, osseous and Portable Art series. In this article we study three plates with rock carving of stepping fauna, such as reindeer, mammoth and rhynoceros, which were found in the Middle Magdalenian base. These three plates allow us to review and extend the chronology of these representations, scarced in Palaeolithic Cantabric art, estimated until the date. Furthermore, they also force us to question the chronology which is commonly accepted for some magdalenian techniques and conventionalisms (bichromy, figures made of dots, striated engraving.

Banknote Typography with a Particular Reference to Croatia through the 20th Century

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vilko Žiljak

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of the paper is the research of transformation of formatting information on banknotes during the 20th century, which is the period of some of the greatest graphical innovations after Gutenberg’s invention of movable type printing. Computer graphics had taken over in the field of typography in the exact moment of hand engraving’s highest level of art in the creation of the font cut. About forty years ago, the era of etching used in copper etching and steel engraving in hand - made drawings had begun, along with the use of phototypesetting as the representative of digital technology. Quality of the written lines has introduced microtypography as a special method of rasterization in the background of banknotes. In Croatia, the above mentioned modifications are present through the works of our typographers, even though the multiplication of banknotes was done in foreign printing houses that had appropriately protected printing technology. The paper contributes to the scientific analysis of the technical aspect of banknote making on Croatia’s soil during the course of the 20th century, and this, with the methods of analysis and synthesis incorporated, gives a clear picture and transparency into the method of banknote making, both from a technological and development cycle - making aspect. Given the fact that not only the Croatian banknotes are examined, analysis contributes to comparative procedures of local scopes in the field of technological manufacture of other banknotes that belong to the same time period.

Dentistry to the rescue of missing children: A review.

Science.gov (United States)

Vij, Nitika; Kochhar, Gulsheen Kaur; Chachra, Sanjay; Kaur, Taranjot

2016-01-01

Today's society is becoming increasingly unsafe for children: we frequently hear about new incidents of missing children, which lead to emotional trauma for the loved ones and expose systemic failures of law and order. Parents can take extra precautions to ensure the safety of their children by educating them about ways to protect themselves and keep important records of the child such as updated color photographs, fingerprints, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples, etc., handy. However, in spite of all efforts, the problem of missing children still remains. Developments in the field of dentistry have empowered dentists with various tools and techniques to play a pivotal role in tracing a missing child. One such tool is Toothprints, a patented arch-shaped thermoplastic dental impression wafer developed by Dr. David Tesini, a paediatric dentist from Massachusetts. Toothprints enables a unique identification of the missing children not only through the bite impression but also through salivary DNA. Besides the use of Toothprints, a dentist can assist investigating agencies in identifying the missing children in multiple ways, including postmortem dental profiling, labeled dental fixtures, DNA extraction from teeth, and serial number engraving on the children's teeth. More importantly, all these tools cause minimal inconvenience to the individual, making a dentist's role in tracking a missing child even more significant. Thus, the simple discipline of maintaining timely dental records with the help of their dentists can save potential hassles for the parents in the future.

Rock art at the pleistocene/holocene boundary in Eastern South America.

Science.gov (United States)

Neves, Walter A; Araujo, Astolfo G M; Bernardo, Danilo V; Kipnis, Renato; Feathers, James K

2012-01-01

Most investigations regarding the first americans have primarily focused on four themes: when the New World was settled by humans; where they came from; how many migrations or colonization pulses from elsewhere were involved in the process; and what kinds of subsistence patterns and material culture they developed during the first millennia of colonization. Little is known, however, about the symbolic world of the first humans who settled the New World, because artistic manifestations either as rock-art, ornaments, and portable art objects dated to the Pleistocene/Holocene transition are exceedingly rare in the Americas. Here we report a pecked anthropomorphic figure engraved in the bedrock of Lapa do Santo, an archaeological site located in Central Brazil. The horizontal projection of the radiocarbon ages obtained at the north profile suggests a minimum age of 9,370 ± 40 BP, (cal BP 10,700 to 10,500) for the petroglyph that is further supported by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates from sediment in the same stratigraphic unit, located between two ages from 11.7 ± 0.8 ka BP to 9.9 ± 0.7 ka BP. These data allow us to suggest that the anthropomorphic figure is the oldest reliably dated figurative petroglyph ever found in the New World, indicating that cultural variability during the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in South America was not restricted to stone tools and subsistence, but also encompassed the symbolic dimension.

Un panagiaire peint de Moldavie (1613

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marina Sabados

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The topic of the paper is an unusual panagiarion, having belonged to a private collection from Piatra Neamţ (Neamţ County two decades ago. Its aspect differs from the well known panagiaria, formed of two little plates carved in wood, bone, ivory or even nacre, and covered in gilded silver, as well as engraved in silver or gilded silver. The panagiarion in question is a single plate, considerable bigger than usual (22.5 cm in diameter, which is painted, fact rather infrequent in the field. At first sight, the iconography of this panagiarion – i.e. the Virgin Blachernitissa, a traditional theme for the Byzantine panagiaria – could have been a common theme for the medieval Romanian items, but the existence of the tetramorph representation refers to a Russian tradition of the 15th century. The liturgical inscription around the panagiarion from Piatra Neamţ reproduces the second part of the Axion Hymn, ‘It is very meet to bless Thee’, which is attached to all the Virgin Blachernitissa representations on panagiaria, in relation with its ecclesiastical function. The donation inscription in Old Slavonic, being placed on two sides of the second rhomb in the background, in which the Virgin is inscribed, provides the name of the donor – a none whose name, unfortunately partially preserved, remains unknown –, and the date of the donation: 9th of June 7121 (1613.

Environmental-economic evaluation of the filling and reclamation process in the bay of Santander, Spain

Science.gov (United States)

Cendrero, A.; Díaz de Terán, J. R.; Salinas, J. M.

1981-11-01

The historical development of a process of reclamation of intertidal areas in an estuary has been quantitatively studied by means of old engravings, maps, navagation charts, and aerial photographs. These show that about 83 percent of the natural coastline of the estuary has disappeared, nearly two-thirds of its intertidal area has been covered, and over 40 percent of its volume has been lost. The rate of this artificial process is several tens of times faster than that of the natural sedimentation. Extrapolation of the observed trends shows that, if these continue, the intertidal areas would disappear completely in 31 to 105 years. Theoretical calculations based on comparisons with other estuaries show that the accumulated loss in the productivity of living matter (in the form of primary producers), since the process started about 140 years ago, could reach 1.5·1010 kg. This could represent, considering several possible food chains, the equivalent of the food necessary to sustain several thousand people for life. An economic analysis of the impact of the process has been made by considering, first, the decrease in fish and shellfish catches in the bay (using historical data and data about present clam productivity) and the decrease in its aesthetic quality and recreational potential. These were determined by means of interviews with the population to obtain a “demand curve” for the willingness to pay for the preservation and use of the bay. Second, the price of the man-made land obtained was considered. The data obtained show that the economic losses would offset the benefits within 10 to 30 years.